FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Guo, QF AF Guo, Qinfeng TI The diversity-biomass-productivity relationships in grassland management and restoration SO BASIC AND APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE burning; grazing; planting; seeding; unified approach ID SPECIES RICHNESS; PLANT DIVERSITY; BIODIVERSITY EXPERIMENTS; COMMUNITIES; INVASION; QUALITY; GROWTH; DECOMPOSITION; CONSEQUENCES; VEGETATION AB Diversity, biomass, and productivity, the three key community/ecosystem variables, are interrelated and pose reciprocal influences on each other. The relationships among the three variables have been a central focus in ecology and formed two schools of fundamentally different nature with two related applications: (1) management - how biomass manipulation (e.g., grazing, burning) affects diversity and productivity, and (2) restoration - how diversity manipulation (e.g., seeding, planting) affects biomass and productivity. In the past, the two apparently related aspects have been studied intensively but separately in basic research and the reciprocal effects of the three variables and applied aspects have not been jointly addressed. In most cases, optimal management often involves regulating biomass so that high diversity and productivity or other preferred habitat characteristics can be achieved and maintained, while restoration usually involves planting/seeding a certain number and/or combination of native species so that the native structure and function of the habitat can be restored and degraded ecosystems can recover faster. This article attempts to unify these two schools and discusses the significance and implications of the diversity-biomass-productivity relationships in practice, with particular emphasis on grassland ecosystems. (C) 2006 Gesellschaft fur Okologie. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, No Prairie WRC, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Guo, QF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie WRC, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM qguo@usgs.gov RI Guo, Qinfeng/A-8034-2009 NR 54 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1439-1791 J9 BASIC APPL ECOL JI Basic Appl. Ecol. PY 2007 VL 8 IS 3 BP 199 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.baae.2006.02.005 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 164UG UT WOS:000246259500001 ER PT J AU Meckel, TA Ten Brink, US Williams, SJ AF Meckel, T. A. Ten Brink, U. S. Williams, S. J. TI Sediment compaction rates and subsidence in deltaic plains: numerical constraints and stratigraphic influences SO BASIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HOLOCENE AVULSION HISTORY; MISSISSIPPI RIVER DELTA; LAND SUBSIDENCE; PEAT COMPACTION; NETHERLANDS; GULF; LOUISIANA; MEXICO; BASIN AB Natural sediment compaction in deltaic plains influences subsidence rates and the evolution of deltaic morphology. Determining compaction rates requires detailed knowledge of subsurface geotechnical properties and depositional history, neither of which is often readily available. To overcome this lack of knowledge, we numerically forward model the incremental sedimentation and compaction of stochastically generated stratigraphies with geotechnical properties typical of modern depositional environments in the Mississippi River delta plain. Using a Monte Carlo approach, the range of probable compaction rates for stratigraphies with compacted thicknesses < 150 m and accumulation times < 20 kyr. varies, but maximum values rarely exceed a few mm yr(-1). The fastest compacting stratigraphies are composed primarily of peat and bar sand, whereas the slowest compacting stratigraphies are composed of prodelta mud and natural levee deposits. These results suggest that compaction rates can significantly influence vertical and lateral stratigraphic trends during deltaic evolution. C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Meckel, TA (reprint author), Univ Texas, Bur Econ Geol, John A & Katherine G Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM tip.meckel@beg.utexas.edu RI Meckel, Timothy/A-4107-2009; ten Brink, Uri/A-1258-2008 OI Meckel, Timothy/0000-0001-8817-9065; ten Brink, Uri/0000-0001-6858-3001 NR 30 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-091X J9 BASIN RES JI Basin Res. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 19 IS 1 BP 19 EP 31 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2117.2006.00310.x PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 143QZ UT WOS:000244739600002 ER PT J AU Larson, DL Grace, JB Rabie, PA Andersen, P AF Larson, Diane L. Grace, James B. Rabie, Paul A. Andersen, Paula TI Short-term disruption of a leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) biocontrol program following herbicide application SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Aphthona; biological control; Euphorbia esula; herbicide; integrated pest management; mixed-grass prairie; Theodore Roosevelt National Park ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENTS; BEETLES APHTHONA SPP.; MIXED-GRASS PRAIRIE; FLEA BEETLES; PLANT-PATHOGENS; WEED-CONTROL; MANAGEMENT; INSECTS; INTEGRATION; RANGELAND AB Integrated pest management (IPM) for invasive plant species is being advocated by researchers and implemented by land managers, but few studies have evaluated the success of IPM programs in natural areas. We assessed the relative effects of components of an IPM program for leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula), an invasive plant, at Theodore Roosevelt National Park, North Dakota. Effects of herbicides on leafy spurge abundance and on dynamics of flea beetles (Aphthona spp.) used to control leafy spurge were evaluated over three field seasons following herbicide application. We monitored leafy spurge-infested plots with established flea beetle populations that had received picloram. plus 2,4-D in September 1997 or 1998, imazapic in September 1998, versus those with no chemical treatment. Mature stem counts did not differ significantly between treated and untreated plots in 2001, suggesting that leafy spurge stands had recovered from herbicide treatment. Flea beetles were less abundant on plots with a history of herbicide treatment. Structural equation models indicated that in 2000 negative correlations between relative abundances of the two flea beetle species were greater on plots that had received herbicide treatments than on those that had not, but by 2001 no differences were apparent between treated and untreated plots. These results suggest that the most effective component of IPM for leafy spurge at this site is biological control. All herbicide effects we observed were short-lived, but the increased negative correlation between flea beetle relative abundances during 2000 implies that herbicide application may have temporarily disrupted an effective biological control program at this site. (c) 2006 Elsevier tric. All rights reserved. C1 USGS No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Minnesota Field Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USGS Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA. Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Theodore Roosevelt Natl Pk, Medora, ND USA. RP Larson, DL (reprint author), USGS No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Minnesota Field Stn, 100 Ecol Bldg,1987 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM dlarson@usgs.gov OI Larson, Diane/0000-0001-5202-0634 NR 35 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JAN PY 2007 VL 40 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.08.017 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 128TS UT WOS:000243682300001 ER PT S AU Stott, W Todd, TN AF Stott, Wendylee Todd, Thomas N. BE Jankun, M Brzuzan, P Hliwa, P Luczynski, M TI Genetic markers and the coregonid problem SO BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF COREGONID FISHES - 2005 SE Advances in Limnology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Biology and Management of Coregonid Fishes CY JUL 21-AUG 27, 2005 CL Olsztyn, POLAND ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA DIVERSITY; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; UPPER GREAT-LAKES; WHITEFISH COREGONUS; EUROPEAN WHITEFISH; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; GENUS-COREGONUS; MORPHOLOGICAL-DIFFERENTIATION; INTROGRESSIVE HYBRIDIZATION; INTERPOPULATION DIFFERENCES AB Coregonid fishes are the forage base in many ecosystems in the northern hemisphere and they have traditionally been part of commercial and native fisheries. Coregonids display extreme variability in morphology, life history, and behavior. Defining boundaries among coregonid taxa has been (and continues to be) the focus of many studies. Cytogenetic, biochemical, and molecular methods have been used to study the 'coregonid problem'. A survey of the literature reveals that questions of taxonomy, followed by phylogeography are most often studied. Sample collections have occurred throughout a representative portion of the coregonid range. The whitefish species Coregonus clupeaformis and C. lavaretus are most often studied. This was expected however because they are the most widely distributed, display the most variation, and are the most commercially important. However, species with restricted ranges such as the Irish pollan (C. pollan) or omul (C. migratorius) have also been studied intensively. Genetic methods have provided insights into several issues, including the placement of Stenodus and the status of C. clupeaformis and C. lavaretus. More recently, studies of sympatric forms over broad geographic scales shed light on processes involved in the evolution of the group and suggest different approaches for management and designation of taxa. C1 USGS, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Stott, W (reprint author), USGS, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM wstott@usgs.gov NR 147 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 10 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 1612-166X BN 978-3-510-47062-4 J9 ADV LIMNOL JI Adv. Limnol. PY 2007 VL 60 BP 3 EP 23 PG 21 WC Fisheries; Limnology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BGO75 UT WOS:000249090200001 ER PT S AU Davis, BM Savino, JF Ogilvie, LM AF Davis, Bruce M. Savino, Jacqueline F. Ogilvie, Lynn M. BE Jankun, M Brzuzan, P Hliwa, P Luczynski, M TI Diet niches of major forage fish in Lake Michigan SO Biology and Management of Coregonid Fishes - 2005 SE ADVANCES IN LIMNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Biology and Management of Coregonid Fishes CY JUL 21-AUG 27, 2005 CL Olsztyn, POLAND ID SMELT OSMERUS-MORDAX; ALEWIFE ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; DEEP-WATER SCULPIN; RAINBOW SMELT; COREGONUS-HOYI; MYSIS-RELICTA; MYOXOCEPHALUS-THOMPSONI; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; COTTUS-COGNATUS AB A large complex of coregonine species historically dominated the fish community of Lake Michigan. The current species complex is simplified with one remaining coregonine, bloater (Coregonus hoyi), deepwater sculpin (Myoxocephalus thompsoni), slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus), and two dominant invaders, alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) and rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax). To better understand the diet relationships of the major offshore forage fishes now in Lake Michigan, diets of bloater, alewife, rainbow smelt, deepwater sculpin, and slimy sculpin were compared. The three sites, chosen to represent northern, central, and southern components of the lake, were sampled during spring, summer, and fall in 1994, and spring and fall in 1995. Forage fishes had diverse and variable diets, with niches differentiated by prey type or location. Diporeia hoyi, Mysis relicta, and zooplankton were the major diet items. The index of relative importance showed benthic (slimy and deepwater sculpins) and pelagic (alewife, rainbow smelt) feeding strategies with opportunistic bloaters incorporating both feeding strategies. Highest diet overlaps were between species of sculpin, and between large and small bloaters; both groups partitioned food by size. Though competition for food may be minimized by spatial segregation of potential competitors, the forage fish in Lake Michigan apparently partition food resources. Fishery management models incorporating food habits of pelagic forage fish would need to take into account diet variation associated with location and season. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Davis, BM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NR 60 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 11 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0071-1128 BN 978-3-510-47062-4 J9 ADV LIMNOL PY 2007 VL 60 BP 261 EP 275 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Limnology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BGO75 UT WOS:000249090200021 ER PT S AU Gorman, OT Todd, TN AF Gorman, Owen T. Todd, Thomas N. BE Jankun, M Brzuzan, P Hliwa, P Luczynski, M TI History of the shortjaw cisco (Coregonus zenithicus) in Lake Superior, 1895-2003 SO Biology and Management of Coregonid Fishes - 2005 SE ADVANCES IN LIMNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Biology and Management of Coregonid Fishes CY JUL 21-AUG 27, 2005 CL Olsztyn, POLAND ID APOSTLE ISLANDS REGION; LAURENTIAN GREAT LAKES; NATIVE FISHES; RAINBOW SMELT; EXPLOITATION; COMMUNITIES; SUCCESSION; MICHIGAN; ARTEDII AB The shortjaw cisco (Coregonus zenithicus) was once common in Lakes Huron, Michigan, and Superior, but in the 20(th) century populations were extirpated in Lakes Huron and Michigan and greatly reduced in Lake Superior largely as a result of overharvest. Using available data, we reconstructed the history of the distribution and abundance of shortjaw cisco in Lake Superior from 1895 through 2003. During the first period (1895-1908), shortjaw ciscoes were subjected to intense harvest (576 metric tons/yr). Stocks recovered in the second period (1909-1925) under light harvest (55 tons/yr). During this period, a lake-wide survey showed shortjaw cisco to be the dominant chub species, representing > 90% of the catch in every region. The third period (1926-1954) started with the resumption of the chub fishery. Harvest declined in the following decades, resulting in an intermediate harvest for the period (221 tons/yr). A 1953 survey of Lake Superior showed shortjaw cisco to be the predominant chub species, but with reduced abundance, and the bloater (Coregonus hoyi) was now dominant or co-dominant in some areas. The fourth period (1955-1987) was marked by high levels of prolonged harvest (617 tons/yr). Assessments during this period showed a sharp decline in abundance of shortjaw cisco, which reached near-zero levels by the mid-1960s to late-1970s. By 1988 the commercial chub harvest declined to low levels and has since remained < 50 tons annually. Assessments conducted during 1999-2004 showed low densities of shortjaw cisco in eastern Lake Superior and only a few specimens from the western half of the lake. Information gaps in understanding life history attributes, ecology, recruitment dynamics, mortality, and stock structure remain as obstacles to formulating recovery actions. C1 US Geol Survey, Lake Sup Biol Stn, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. RP Gorman, OT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lake Sup Biol Stn, 2800 Lake Shore Dr E, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0071-1128 BN 978-3-510-47062-4 J9 ADV LIMNOL PY 2007 VL 60 BP 433 EP 458 PG 26 WC Fisheries; Limnology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BGO75 UT WOS:000249090200036 ER PT J AU Landman, NH Johnson, RO Garb, MP Edwards, LE Kyte, FT AF Landman, Neil H. Johnson, Ralph O. Garb, Matthew P. Edwards, Lucy E. Kyte, Frank T. TI Cephalopods from the cretaceous/tertiary boundary interval on the atlantic coastal plain, with a description of the highest ammonite zones in North America. Part III. Manasquan River Basin, Monmouth County, New Jersey SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY LA English DT Review ID AMAZON CONTINENTAL-SHELF; MAASTRICHTIAN TYPE AREA; K-T BOUNDARY; TERTIARY BOUNDARY; MASS EXTINCTION; SEYMOUR ISLAND; HETEROMORPH AMMONITES; SCAPHITID AMMONITES; MESOZOIC AMMONITES; SE NETHERLANDS AB Geological investigations in the upper Manasquan River Basin, central Monmouth County, New Jersey, reveal a Cretaceous/Tertiary (= Cretaceous/Paleogene) succession consisting of approximately 2 in of the Tinton Formation overlain by 2 in of the Hornerstown Formation. The top of the Tinton Formation consists of a very fossiliferous unit, approximately 20 cm thick, which we refer to as the Pinna Layer. It is laterally extensive and consists mostly of glauconitic minerals and some angular quartz grains. The Pinna Layer is truncated at the top and is overlain by the Hornerstown Formation, which consists of nearly equal amounts of glauconitic minerals and siderite. The base of the Hornerstown Formation is marked by a concentration of siderite nodules containing reworked fossils. This layer also contains a few fossils of organisms that were living in the environment during the time of reworking. At some downdip sites, there is an additional layer (the Burrowed Unit), which is sandwiched between the top of the Pinna Layer and the concentrated bed of nodules. This unit is very thin and is characterized by large burrows piping down material from above. The Pinna Layer is abundantly fossiliferous and represents a diverse, nearshore marine community. It contains approximately 110 species of bivalves, gastropods, cephalopods, echinoids, sponges, annelids, bryozoans, crustaceans, and dinoflagellates. The cephalopods include Eutrephoceras dekayi (Morton, 1834), Pachydiscus (Neodesmoceras) mokotibensis Collignon, 1952, Sphenodiscus lobatus (Tuomey, 1856), Eubaculites carinatus (Morton, 1834), Eubaculites latecarinatus (Brunnschweiler, 1966), Discoscaphites iris (Conrad, 1858), Discoscaphites sphaeroidalis Kennedy and Cobban, 2000, Discoscaphites minardi Landman et al., 2004b, Discoscaphites gulosus (Morton, 1834), and Discoscaphites jerseyensis, n.sp. The dinoflagellates include Palynodinium grallator Gocht, 1970, Thalassiphora pelagica (Eisenack, 1954) Eisenack & Gocht, 1960, Deflandrea galeata (Lejeune-Carpentier, 1942) Lentin & Williams, 1973, and Disphaerogena carposphaeropsis Wetzel, 1933. These ammonites and dinoflagellates are indicative of the uppermost Maastrichtian, corresponding to the upper part of calcareous nannofossil Subzone CC26b. The mode of occurrence of the fossils in the Pinna Layer suggests an autochthonous accumulation with little or no postmortem transport. Many of the benthic organisms are preserved in life position. For example, specimens of Pinna laqueata Conrad, 1858, are oriented in a vertical position, similar to that of modern members of this genus. The echinoids also occur in aggregations of hundreds of individuals, suggesting gregarious feeding behavior. In addition, there are monospecific clusters of baculites and scaphites. These clusters are biological in origin and could not have been produced by hydraulic means. Scaphite jaws are also present, representing the first reports of these structures in the Upper Cretaceous of the Atlantic Coastal Plain. They occur both as isolated specimens and inside the body chamber, and indicate little or no postmortem transport. The Pinna Layer represents a geologically short interval of time. The fact that most of the animals are mature suggests that the community persisted for at least 5-10 years. If multiple generations of animals are present, perhaps reflecting multiple episodes of colonization and burial, then this unit probably represents more time, amounting to several tens of years. The fact that the Pinna Layer is truncated at the top implies a still longer period of time, amounting to hundreds of years. These age estimates are consistent with observed rates of sedimentation in nearshore environments. Iridium analyses of 37 samples of sediment from three sites in the Manasquan River Basin reveal an elevated concentration of iridium of 520 pg/g, on average, at the base of the Pinna Layer. The iridium profile is aymmetric with an abrupt drop off above the base of this unit and a gradual decline below the base. The elevated concentration of iridium is not as high as that recorded from some other Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary sections. However, it is sufficiently above background level to suggest that it is related to the global Ir anomaly documented at many other localities, and attributed to a bolide impact. The position of the iridium anomaly at the base of the Pinna Layer is inconsistent with the biostratigraphic data, because this anomaly occurs below the unit containing fossils indicative of the uppermost Maastrichtian. We present two alternative hypotheses: (1) If the enriched concentration of iridium is in place, it marks the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary by reference to the global stratotype section and point at El Kef, Tunisia. The position of the iridium anomaly further implies that the Pinna community was living at the moment of impact and may even have flourished in its immediate wake. Subsequently, the community may have been buried by pulses of mud-rich sediment, possibly associated with enhanced riverine discharge following the impact. The Burrowed Unit may represent a subsequent pulse of riverine discharge that scoured the top of the Pinna Layer. (2) The iridium anomaly was originally located at the top of the Pinna Layer and was displaced downward due to bioturbation and/or chemical diffusion. This hypothesis implies that the Pinna Layer was deposited prior to the deposition of the iridium. The Pinna community may have died before or at the moment of impact. Erosion of the top of the Pinna Layer and deposition of the Burrowed Unit may have been associated with events immediately following the impact. In both hypotheses, the sea floor experienced an extended period of erosion and reworking in the early Danian, which may have lasted for several hundred thousand years, producing a concentrated lag of siderite nodules containing reworked fossils in the basal part of the Hornerstown Formation. This lag deposit is equivalent to the Main Fossiliferous Layer at the base of the Hornerstown Formation elsewhere in New Jersey. This period of erosion and reworking was probably associated with a transgression in the early Danian. The post-impact community was greatly reduced in diversity, with most of the species representing Cretaceous survivors. C1 Amer Museum Nat Hist, Div Paleontol Invertebrates, New York, NY 10024 USA. Monmouth Amateur Paleontol Soc, W Long Branch, NJ 07764 USA. CUNY Brooklyn Coll, Dept Geol, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. CUNY Brooklyn Coll, Grad Sch, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Landman, NH (reprint author), Amer Museum Nat Hist, Div Paleontol Invertebrates, New York, NY 10024 USA. EM landman@amnh.org; paleotrog@webtv.net; mgarb@brooklyn.cuny.edu; leedward@usgs.gov; kyte@igpp.ucla.edu NR 278 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY PI NEW YORK PA ATTN: LIBRARY-SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS DISTRIBUTION, CENTRAL PK WEST AT 79TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10024-5192 USA SN 0003-0090 EI 1937-3546 J9 B AM MUS NAT HIST JI Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. PY 2007 IS 303 BP 1 EP + PG 121 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 158SS UT WOS:000245815500001 ER PT J AU Banerjee, P Pollitz, F Nagarajan, B Burgmann, R AF Banerjee, Paramesh Pollitz, Fred Nagarajan, B. Burgmann, Roland TI Coseismic slip distributions of the 26 December 2004 Sumatra-Andaman and 28 March 2005 Nias earthquakes from GPS static offsets SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID NICOBAR ISLANDS; DEFORMATION; RUPTURE; REGION; EARTH; MODEL; SIZE AB Static offsets produced by the 26 December 2004 M similar to 9 SumatraAndaman earthquake as measured by Global Positioning System (GPS) reveal a large amount of slip along the entire 1300 km-long rupture. Most seismic slip inversions place little slip on the Andaman segment, whereas both near-field and far-field GPS offsets demand large slip on the Andaman segment. We compile available datasets of the static offset to render a more detailed picture of the static-slip distribution. We construct geodetic offsets such that postearthquake positions of continuous GPS sites are reckoned to a time 1 day after the earthquake and campaign GPS sites are similarly corrected for postseismic motions. The newly revised slip distribution (Mw 9.22) reveals substantial segmentation of slip along the Andaman Islands, with the southern quarter slipping - 15 m in unison with the adjacent Nicobar and northern Sumatran segments of length -700 km. We infer a small excess of geodetic moment relative to the seismic moment. A similar compilation of GPS offsets from the 28 March 2005 Nias earthquake is well explained with dip slip averaging several meters (Mw = 8.66) distributed primarily at depths greater than 20 km. C1 Wadia Inst Himalayan Geol, Dehra Dun 248001, Uttar Pradesh, India. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Geol Survey India, Geodet & Res Branch, Dehra Dun 248001, Uttar Pradesh, India. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Banerjee, P (reprint author), Wadia Inst Himalayan Geol, Dehra Dun 248001, Uttar Pradesh, India. NR 30 TC 104 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 13 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 97 IS 1 SU S BP S86 EP S102 DI 10.1785/0120050609 PN A PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 126JO UT WOS:000243509400008 ER PT J AU Choy, GL Boatwright, J AF Choy, George L. Boatwright, John TI The energy radiated by the 26 December 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake estimated from 10-minute P-wave windows SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SEISMIC ENERGY; RUPTURE AB The rupture process of the Mw 9.1 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake lasted for approximately 500 sec, nearly twice as long as the teleseismic time windows between the P and PP arrival times generally used to compute radiated energy. In order to measure the P waves radiated by the entire earthquake, we analyze records that extend from the P-wave to the S-wave arrival times from stations at distances Delta > 60 degrees. These 8- to 10-min windows contain the PP, PPP, and ScP arrivals, along with other multiply reflected phases. To gauge the effect of including these additional phases, we form the spectral ratio of the source spectrum estimated from extended windows (between T(P) and T(S)) to the source spectrum estimated from normal windows (between T(P) and T(PP)). The extended windows are analyzed as though they contained only the P-(P)P-(S)P wave group. We analyze four smaller earthquakes that occurred in the vicinity of the Mw 9.1 mainshock, with similar depths and focal mechanisms. These smaller events range in magnitude from an Mw 6.0 aftershock of 9 January 2005 to the Mw 8.6 Nias earthquake that occurred to the south of the SumatraAndaman earthquake on 28 March 2005. We average the spectral ratios for these four events to obtain a frequency-dependent operator for the extended windows. We then correct the source spectrum estimated from the extended records of the 26 December 2004 mainshock to obtain a complete or corrected source spectrum for the entire rupture process (similar to 600 sec) of the great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake. Our estimate of the total seismic energy radiated by this earthquake is 1.4 X 10(17) J. When we compare the corrected source spectrum for the entire earthquake to the source spectrum from the first similar to 250 sec of the rupture process (obtained from normal teleseismic windows), we find that the mainshock radiated much more seismic energy in the first half of the rupture process than in the second half, especially over the period range from 3 sec to 40 sec. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Choy, GL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 966, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 97 IS 1 SU S BP S18 EP S24 DI 10.1785/0120050623 PN A PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 126JO UT WOS:000243509400003 ER PT J AU Dewey, JW Choy, G Presgrave, B Sipkin, S Tarr, AC Benz, H Earle, P Wald, D AF Dewey, James W. Choy, George Presgrave, Bruce Sipkin, Stuart Tarr, Arthur C. Benz, Harley Earle, Paul Wald, David TI Seismicity associated with the Sumatra-Andaman Islands earthquake of 26 December 2004 SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SUBDUCTION-ZONE EARTHQUAKES; SOURCE PARAMETERS; RUPTURE PROCESS; APPARENT STRESS; WAVEFORM DATA; TRAVEL-TIMES; FAULT; PLATE; CONSTRAINTS; INVERSION AB The U.S. Geological Survey/National Earthquake Information Center (USGS/NEIC) had computed origins for 5000 earthquakes in the Surnatra-Andaman Islands region in the first 36 weeks after the Sumatra-Andaman Islands mainshock of 26 December 2004. The cataloging of earthquakes of m(b) (USGS) 5.1 and larger is essentially complete for the time period except for the first half-day following the 26 December mainshock, a period of about two hours following the Nias earthquake of 28 March 200:5, and occasionally during the Andaman Sea swarm of 26-30 January 2005. Moderate and larger (m(b) >= 5.5) aftershocks are absent from most of the deep interplate thrust faults of the segments of the Sumatra-Andaman Islands subduction zone on which the 26 December mainshock occurred, which probably reflects nearly complete release of elastic strain oil the seismogenic interplate-thrust during the mainshock. An exceptional thrust-fault source offshore of Banda Aceh may represent a segment of the interplate thrust that was bypassed during the mailishock. The 26 December mainshock triggered a high level of aftershock activity near the axis of the Sunda trench and the leading edge of the overthrust Burma plate. Much near-trench activity is intraplate activity within the subducting plate, but some shallow-focus, near-trench, reverse-fault earthquakes may represent an unusual setsmogenic release of interplate compressional stress near the tip of the overriding plate. The interplate-thiust Nias earthquake of 28 March 2005, in contrast to the 26 December aftershock sequence, was followed by many interplate-thrust aftershocks along the length of its inferred rupture zone. C1 US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Dewey, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS 966,Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 55 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 97 IS 1 SU S BP S25 EP S42 DI 10.1785/0120050626 PN A PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 126JO UT WOS:000243509400004 ER PT J AU Geist, EL Titov, VV Arcas, D Pollitz, FF Bilek, SL AF Geist, Eric L. Titov, Vasily V. Arcas, Diego Pollitz, Fred F. Bilek, Susan L. TI Implications of the 26 December 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake on tsunami forecast and assessment models for great subduction-zone earthquakes SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Review ID INDIAN-OCEAN-TSUNAMI; OBLIQUE PLATE CONVERGENCE; TOKACHI-OKI EARTHQUAKE; OMEGA-SQUARE MODEL; SOURCE PARAMETERS; WAVE-FORMS; RUPTURE PROCESS; COSEISMIC SLIP; LOCAL TSUNAMIS; FIELD SURVEY AB Results from different tsunami forecasting and hazard assessment models are compared with observed tsunami wave heights from the 26 December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. Forecast models are based on initial earthquake information and are used to estimate tsunami wave heights during propagation. An empirical forecast relationship based only on seismic moment provides a close estimate to the observed mean regional and maximum local tsunami runup heights for the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami but underestimates mean regional tsunami heights at azimuths in line with the tsunami beaming pattern (e.g., Sri Lanka, Thailand). Standard forecast models developed from Subfault discretization of earthquake rupture, in which deepocean sea level observations are used to constrain slip, are also tested. Forecast models of this type use tsunami time-series measurements at points in the deep ocean. As a proxy for the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, a transect of deep-ocean tsunami amplitudes recorded by satellite altimetry is used to constrain slip along four subfaults of the M > 9 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake. This proxy model performs well in comparison to observed tsunami wave heights, travel times, and inundation patterns at Banda Aceh. Hypothetical tsunami hazard assessments models based on end-member estimates for average slip and rupture length (M-w 9.0-9.3) are compared with tsunami observations. Using average slip (low end member) and rupture length (high end member) (M-w 9.14) consistent with many seismic, geodetic, and tsunami inversions adequately estimates tsunami runup in most regions, except the extreme runup in the western Aceh province. The high slip that occurred in the southern part of the rupture zone I inked to runup in this location is a larger fluctuation than expected from standard stochastic slip models. In addition, excess moment release (similar to 9%) deduced from geodetic studies in comparison to seismic moment estimates may generate additional tsunami energy, if the exponential time constant of slip Is less than approximately 1 hr. Overall, there is significant variation in assessed runup heights caused by quantifiable uncertainty in both first-order source parameters (e.g., rupture length, slip-length scaling) and spatiotemporal complexity of earthquake rupture. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Earth & Environm Sci Dept, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Geist, EL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM egeist@usgs.gov OI Titov, Vasily/0000-0002-1630-3829 NR 176 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 14 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 97 IS 1 SU S BP S249 EP S270 DI 10.1785/0120050619 PN A PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 126JO UT WOS:000243509400019 ER PT J AU Lanphere, M Champion, D Melluso, L Morra, V Perrotta, A Scarpati, C Tedesco, D Calvert, A AF Lanphere, Marvin Champion, Duane Melluso, Leone Morra, Vincenzo Perrotta, Annamaria Scarpati, Claudio Tedesco, Dario Calvert, Andrew TI Ar-40/Ar-39 ages of the AD 79 eruption of Vesuvius, Italy SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ar-40/Ar-39 geochronology; AD 79 eruption; historic eruption ID EXPLOSIVE ERUPTION; AD 79; POMPEII; IMPACT AB The Italian volcano, Vesuvius, erupted explosively in AD 79. Sanidine from pumice collected at Casti Amanti in Pompeii and Villa Poppea in Oplontis yielded a weighted- mean Ar-40/Ar-39 age of 1925 +/- 66 years in 2004 (1 sigma uncertainty) from incremental- heating experiments of eight aliquants of sanidine. This is the calendar age of the eruption. Our results together with the work of Renne et al. (1997) and Renne and Min (1998) demonstrate the validity of the Ar-40/Ar-39 method to reconstruct the recent eruptive history of young, active volcanoes. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94925 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Geofis & Vulcanol, I-08125 Naples, Italy. RP Calvert, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94925 USA. EM alder@usgs.go RI Morra, Vincenzo/H-6125-2011; Scarpati, Claudio/D-5576-2011 OI Morra, Vincenzo/0000-0002-3310-8603; Scarpati, Claudio/0000-0003-4483-1706 NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 69 IS 3 BP 259 EP 263 DI 10.1007/s00445-006-0071-8 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 131WY UT WOS:000243904000002 ER PT J AU Shaffer, JA Knutsen, GA Martin, RE Brice, JS AF Shaffer, Jill A. Knutsen, Gregory A. Martin, Ron E. Brice, Joel S. TI Pattern and potential causes of White-faced Ibis, Plegadis chihi, establishment in the northern prairie and parkland region of North America SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE White-faced Ibis; Plegadis chihi; colonial-nesting waterbird; distribution; status; northern prairie and parkland region; North Dakota AB The Northern Prairie and Parkland Waterbird Conservation Plan calls for renewed attention to determining the current status of waterbird populations, their distributions, and conservation needs. It highlights the need for baseline information on the White-faced Ibis (Plegadis chihi). In response, we examined the historical and current distribution of the ibis in North Dakota and summarized first sightings and nest records for the provinces and other states composing the northern prairie and parkland region. The establishment of breeding colonies of White-faced This here may be due to climate and precipitation patterns, invasion and spread of Narrowleaf Cattail (Typha angustifolia), changes in agricultural practices, habitat loss and range expansion in the southern and western portions of the species' range, and increases in ibis populations in the Intermountain West. We placed special emphasis on North Dakota, a state for which there is scant published information concerning the current status of this species. In recent decades, the ibis has become a regular breeding-season resident in North Dakota and in other areas of the northern prairie and parkland region. From 1882 to 2002, there were 145 reports of one or more White-faced This in North Dakota, including 93 reports during the breeding season (15 May to 31 August), 49 during the non-breeding season (1 September to 14 May), and three for which the season of occurrence was not reported. Prior to the 1960s, there were only three records of the species in North Dakota. Observations of White-faced Ibises in North Dakota increased dramatically between the 1960s and the early 21st century, and the species has been observed nearly annually since 1971. The first White-faced This nesting activity in the state was recorded in 1978, and to date, there have been 21 known records of nesting activity in the state. The species nested in large (>300 ha) semipermanent or permanent wetlands within mixed-species colonies ranging in areal extent from small (0.1 ha) to fairly large (27 ha), and colonies were located in patches of emergent vegetation dominated by cattails (Typha) and bulrushes (Scirpus). We classify the White-faced This as a fairly common migrant and a locally uncommon breeder east of the Missouri River and a casual migrant west of the Missouri River. C1 [Shaffer, Jill A.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [Knutsen, Gregory A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Moffit, ND 58560 USA. [Brice, Joel S.] Delta Waterfowl Fdn, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. RP Shaffer, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM jshaffer@usgs.gov NR 48 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD JAN-MAR PY 2007 VL 121 IS 1 BP 46 EP 56 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 312TH UT WOS:000256693200007 ER PT J AU Knapp, EE Schwilk, DW Kane, JM Keeley, JE AF Knapp, Eric E. Schwilk, Dylan W. Kane, Jeffrey M. Keeley, Jon E. TI Role of burning season on initial understory vegetation response to prescribed fire in a mixed conifer forest SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; SIERRA-NEVADA; SOIL TEMPERATURES; DORMANT-SEASON; FUEL CONSUMPTION; BLUE MOUNTAINS; TREE MORTALITY; GROWING-SEASON; GAMBEL OAK; FINE-ROOT AB Although the majority of fires in the western United States historically occurred during the late summer or early fall when fuels were dry and plants were dormant or nearly so, early-season prescribed burns are often ignited when fuels are still moist and plants are actively growing. The purpose of this study was to determine if burn season influences postfire vegetation recovery. Replicated early-season burn, late-season burn, and unburned control units were established in a mixed conifer forest, and understory vegetation was evaluated before and after treatment. Vegetation generally recovered rapidly after prescribed burning. However, late-season burns resulted in a temporary but significant drop in cover and a decline in species richness at the 1 m(2) scale in the following year. For two of the several taxa that were negatively affected by burning, the reduction in frequency was greater after late-season than early-season burns. Early-season burns may have moderated the effect of fire by consuming less fuel and lessening the amount of soil heating. Our results suggest that, when burned under high fuel loading conditions, many plant species respond more strongly to differences in fire intensity and severity than to timing of the burn relative to stage of plant growth. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia & Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. RP Knapp, EE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 3644 Avtech Pkwy, Redding, CA 96002 USA. EM eknapp@fs.fed.us RI Kane, Jeffrey/G-7426-2011 NR 60 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 24 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 37 IS 1 BP 11 EP 22 DI 10.1139/X06-200 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 163UP UT WOS:000246189000002 ER PT J AU Dahl, TE Watmough, MD AF Dahl, Thomas E. Watmough, Michael D. TI Current approaches to wetland status and trends monitoring in prairie Canada and the continental United States of America SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID LANDSAT DATA AB Canada and the United States share a common concern for the North American wetland resource. Despite their ecological and social importance, comprehensive and scientifically sound data on the national status and trends of Canadian wetlands are lacking. Conversely, in the United States, a nationwide comprehensive inventory and monitoring program providing status and trends information is currently implemented. Canada and the United States recognize that national policy and management questions about wetland resource status rely on scientifically based processes to periodically measure wetland status and trends. Both countries have developed monitoring schemes independently. Program similarities include the selection of a probabilistic sample design and a common definition of wetland loss. Program similarities and the shared concern over the North American wetland resource should act as a catalyst for further cross-border cooperation in the areas of wetlands inventory and monitoring. National wetland monitoring in Canada could likely be accomplished through a program similar to the currently operational US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and Canadian Wildlife Service (CWS) programs. This paper reviews the operational programs implemented by the USFWS to monitor wetlands at a national scale and the CWS to monitor wetlands in prairie Canada for the purpose of providing suggestions for the development of a national wetlands monitoring program in Canada. C1 [Dahl, Thomas E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fisheries & Habitat Conservat, Onalaska, WI 54650 USA. [Watmough, Michael D.] Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Edmonton, AB T6B 2X3, Canada. RP Dahl, TE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fisheries & Habitat Conservat, 555 Lester Ave, Onalaska, WI 54650 USA. EM Tom_Dahl@fws.gov NR 56 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 27 PU CANADIAN AERONAUTICS SPACE INST PI KANATA PA 350 TERRY FOX DR, STE 104, KANATA, ON K2K 2W5, CANADA SN 1712-7971 J9 CAN J REMOTE SENS JI Can. J. Remote Sens. PY 2007 VL 33 SU 1 BP S17 EP S27 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 247ON UT WOS:000252089300003 ER PT J AU Ricca, MA Miles, AK Anthony, RG Deng, X Hung, SSO AF Ricca, M. A. Miles, A. K. Anthony, R. G. Deng, X. Hung, S. S. O. TI Effect-of lipid extraction on analyses of stable carbon and stable nitrogen isotopes in coastal organisms of the Aleutian archipelago SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE isotope ID FOOD-WEB; TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS; SPATIAL TRENDS; FISH-TISSUES; DELTA-C-13; FRACTIONATION; CONTAMINANTS; ECOLOGY; MARINE; LAKES AB We tested whether extracting lipids reduced confounding variation in delta(13)C and delta(15)N values by analyzing paired lipid-extracted (LE) and non-lipid-extracted (NLE) samples of bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus (L., 1766)) whole eggs, muscle tissue from nine seabird and one terrestrial bird species, muscle tissue from four marine fish species, and blue mussels (Mytilus edulis L., 1758) collected from the Aleutian archipelago, Alaska. Lipid extraction significantly increased delta(13)C by an average of 2.0 parts per thousand in whole eggs, 0.8 parts per thousand in avian muscle, 0.2 parts per thousand in fish muscle, and 0.6 parts per thousand in blue mussels. Lower delta(13)C values in NLE samples covaried positively with lipid content across all sample types. Lower delta(13)C values in NLE samples were not correlated with lipid content within bald eagle eggs and blue mussels, but covaried positively with percent lipid in avian and fish muscles. Neither lipid extraction nor percent lipid significantly changed delta(15)N values for any sample type. Lower delta(13)C values in most NLE avian and fish muscle tissues should not confound interpretation of pelagic versus nearshore sources of primary production, but lipid extraction may be necessary when highly precise estimates of delta(13)C are needed. Lipid extraction may not be necessary when only delta(15)N is of interest. C1 Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Fish Nutr & Feeding Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Ricca, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, 1424 Geol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM mark_ricca@usgs.gov RI Bosley, Sharron/E-4641-2012 NR 43 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 17 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 85 IS 1 BP 40 EP 48 DI 10.1139/Z06-187 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 149WK UT WOS:000245177400005 ER PT J AU Seidelmann, PK Archinal, BA A'hearn, MF Conrad, A Consolmagno, GJ Hestroffer, D Hilton, JL Krasinsky, GA Neumann, G Oberst, J Stooke, P Tedesco, EF Tholen, DJ Thomas, PC Williams, IP AF Seidelmann, P. Kenneth Archinal, B. A. A'hearn, M. F. Conrad, A. Consolmagno, G. J. Hestroffer, D. Hilton, J. L. Krasinsky, G. A. Neumann, G. Oberst, J. Stooke, P. Tedesco, E. F. Tholen, D. J. Thomas, P. C. Williams, I. P. TI Report of the IAU/IAG Working Group on cartographic coordinates and rotational elements: 2006 SO CELESTIAL MECHANICS & DYNAMICAL ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article DE cartographic coordinates; rotation axes; rotation periods; sizes; shapes; planets; satellites; minor planets; comets ID STELLAR OCCULTATION; SHAPE; SATELLITES; PLANETS; GRAVITY; TOPOGRAPHY; SIZE; SPIN AB Every three years the IAU/IAG Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements revises tables giving the directions of the poles of rotation and the prime meridians of the planets, satellites, minor planets, and comets. This report introduces improved values for the pole and rotation rate of Pluto, Charon, and Phoebe, the pole of Jupiter, the sizes and shapes of Saturn satellites and Charon, and the poles, rotation rates, and sizes of some minor planets and comets. A high precision realization for the pole and rotation rate of the Moon is provided. The expression for the Sun's rotation has been changed to be consistent with the planets and to account for light travel time. C1 Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. WM Keck Observ, Kamuela, HI USA. Vatican Observ, Vatican City, Vatican. CNRS, Observ Paris, IMCCE, Paris, France. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Seidelmann, PK (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. EM pks6n@virginia.edu RI Neumann, Gregory/I-5591-2013; OI Neumann, Gregory/0000-0003-0644-9944; Williams, Iwan Prys/0000-0002-8069-1344 NR 33 TC 137 Z9 141 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-2958 J9 CELEST MECH DYN ASTR JI Celest. Mech. Dyn. Astron. PY 2007 VL 98 IS 3 BP 155 EP 180 DI 10.1007/s10569-007-9072-y PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics GA 197YA UT WOS:000248592100001 ER PT J AU Zha, JM Wang, ZJ Wang, N Ingersoll, C AF Zha, Jinmiao Wang, Zijian Wang, Ning Ingersoll, Chris TI Histological alternation and vitellogenin induction in adult rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) after exposure to ethynylestradiol and nonylphenol SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol; 4-nonylphenol; rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus); vitellogenin; histopathology ID MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; SEWAGE-TREATMENT; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; RAINBOW-TROUT; CHEMICALS; BEHAVIOR; GROWTH; LIVER; RERIO AB Adult rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) were exposed to 0, 1, 5, and 25 ng/l (nominal concentrations) of 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol (EE2) and 3, 10, and 30 mu g/l (nominal concentrations) of 4-nonylphenol (NP) under flow-through conditions for a period of 28 d. Low mortality was observed at 5 and 25 ng/l EE2 and the growth of fish reduced significantly at 25 ng/l EE2 compared to controls. However, the gonadosomatic indices (GSI) of male fish were significantly higher in 1 ng/l EE2 treatments and in 10 and 30 mu g/l NP treatments (p < 0.05). Renal somatic indices (RSI) of male fish in EE2 treatments were significantly higher than those in controls (P < 0.05). In contrast, significantly decreased GSI and RSI of female fish could only be observed in 5 and 25 ng/l EE2 treatments (p < 0.05). Hepatosomatic indices (HSI) of male fish were significantly higher in 25 ng/l EE2 treatments. However, significantly increased of HSI of female fish could only be observed in 1 ng/l EE2 treatments. Plasma vitellogenin (VTG) induction could be observed in males after exposed to different concentrations of EE2 and NP, and plasma VTG concentrations in females exposed to 5 and 25 ng/l EE2 were also significantly higher than in controls (p < 0.05). At level higher than 5 ng/l EE2 or 30 mu g/l NP, hepatic tissue and renal tissue impairment of males could be observed. The pathological male liver was associated with a hypertrophy of hepatocytes and damages to cellar structure and accumulated eosinophilic material. Renal tissue showed different pathological effects which was reflected by accumulated eosinophilic material, hemorrhages within the kidney tubules and hypertrophy of the tubular epithelia. Also at these levels of exposure, feminization of male fish could be noticed and parts of males manifested the testis-ova phenomenon. Ovaries of female rare minnow in 25 ng/l EE2 treatment group were degenerated. Therefore when exposed to EE2 and NP even at environmental observed concentrations, adverse effects could occur in the reproductive system of adult fishes. The observed hepatic tissue and renal tissue impairment should be due to the induction and accumulation of VTG in organs, especially in males. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Ecoenvironm Sci, State Key Lab Environm Aquat Chem, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. ASci Corp, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Wang, ZJ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Ecoenvironm Sci, State Key Lab Environm Aquat Chem, POB 2871, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. EM wangzj@rcees.ac.cn RI zha, jinmiao/A-1604-2009; Wang, Zijian/A-1538-2009 OI Wang, Zijian/0000-0002-9847-9691 NR 29 TC 106 Z9 110 U1 5 U2 36 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JAN PY 2007 VL 66 IS 3 BP 488 EP 495 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.05.071 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 130RB UT WOS:000243815600014 PM 16844192 ER PT J AU Himes, AH AF Himes, Amber H. TI Performance indicator importance in MPA management using a multi-criteria approach SO COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aHP; marine protected areas; mediterranean; multi; criteria analysis; stakeholders ID ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS; STAKEHOLDER PREFERENCES; PROCESS AHP; FISHERIES AB Much has been written about the usefulness of marine protected areas (MPAs) as a management tool. Their performance has been measured using biological and ecological indicators. However, objectives of management also include economic and social responsibilities. As such, stakeholder objectives in MPA management are frequently incompatible. This has been attributed to the variety of stakeholders with an interest in how MPAs are managed. This article considers the development of a performance indicator hierarchy for the Egadi Islands Marine Reserve, and a multi-criteria approach implemented to define compromise positions between stakeholders in decision-making. Data was obtained from a pairwise comparison survey using the analytic hierarchy process to investigate preferences of stakeholder groups for performance indicators in evaluating marine protected area management. The analysis showed that although there are five key stakeholder groups, none are homogenous in prioritizing performance indicators and that none are clear with respect to what the MPA means for them. C1 Univ Portsmouth, CEMARE, HM Naval Base, Portsmouth, Hants, England. RP Himes, AH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 6010 Hidden Valley Rd, Carlsbad, CA 92011 USA. EM amber@tuppers.com OI Himes-Cornell, Amber/0000-0003-3695-2241 NR 20 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0892-0753 J9 COAST MANAGE JI Coast. Manage. PY 2007 VL 35 IS 5 BP 601 EP 618 DI 10.1080/08920750701593436 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 233ST UT WOS:000251111300005 ER PT J AU Bhattacharjee, J Haukos, D Neaville, J AF Bhattacharjee, J. Haukos, D. Neaville, J. TI Vegetation response to disturbance in a coastal marsh in Texas SO COMMUNITY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diversity; intermediate coastal marsh; muskrat; Paspalum vaginatum; Scirpus olneyi; Spartina patens ID TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; MAINTENANCE; MUSKRAT; FIRE AB Disturbance is considered one of the main factors influencing plant species composition and diversity. We conducted a field study to address the plant community response in a coastal marsh to a major disturbance. In 1992, muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus L.) completely removed vegetation within a 450 ha area of intermediate coastal marsh in Texas, USA. We used vegetation data collected prior to the disturbance (1989-1991) as a baseline for comparison to that recorded annually for a decade (1992-2002) following the disturbance. We compared species diversity, richness, relative abundance, evenness, and species similarity between pre and postdisturbance periods to evaluate the temporal response of the disturbed plant community. Plant diversity in the study area returned to predisturbance levels after 10 years. Species diversity in the study area had two peaks following the main disturbance. These peaks are associated with fluctuations of the water levels in the area. Our results suggest that it is possible to control the sedge or grass dominance in a community by subjecting the area to a carefully timed willful disturbance ( e. g., grazing or fluctuating water levels) to achieve management goals. However, vegetation composition in the area changed from a grass-dominated ( predisturbance) to sedge-dominated ( postdisturbance) community. At the conclusion of sampling in 2002, plant species abundance, evenness, dominance, and richness conditions reached levels similar to predisturbance. However, the species composition after a decade postdisturbance differed from that during the predisturbance period. Therefore, even though we are able to predict the return of species diversity, evenness, and richness of a community after a period following disturbance, the actual species composition of an intermediate marsh following recovery is difficult to determine accurately, as it is contingent on several biotic and abiotic conditions that prevail while the system recovers from disturbance. C1 Univ Louisiana Monroe, Dept Biol, Monroe, LA 71209 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anahuac Natl Wildlife Fefuge, Anahuac, TX 77514 USA. RP Bhattacharjee, J (reprint author), Univ Louisiana Monroe, Dept Biol, Monroe, LA 71209 USA. EM joydeep@ulm.edu NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 12 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO RT PI BUDAPEST PA PRIELLE K U 19, PO BOX 245,, H-1117 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 1585-8553 EI 1588-2756 J9 COMMUNITY ECOL JI Community Ecol. PY 2007 VL 8 IS 1 BP 15 EP 24 DI 10.1556/ComEc.8.2007.1.3 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 182AU UT WOS:000247478300003 ER PT S AU Alarcon, VJ O'Hara, CG Viger, R Shrestha, B Mali, P AF Alarcon, Vladimir J. O'Hara, Charles G. Viger, Roland Shrestha, Bijay Mali, Preeti BE Simos, TE Maroulis, G TI Using an interoperable geoprocessing system for hydrological simulation SO COMPUTATION IN MODERN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING VOL 2, PTS A AND B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Methods in Science and Engineering CY SEP 25-30, 2007 CL Corfu, GREECE SP European Soc Computat Methods Sci & Engn, Minist Natl Educ & Religious Affairs, E4 Comp Engn DE interoperable geoprocessing; hydrology; modeling; simulation; HSPF AB Calculation of land use and topographical parameters for hydrological models is usually performed using GIS software. Current approaches, however, are limited by the intensive user dependency on fixed routines, commands, sequences, etc., specific to the software been used. Therefore, current modeling approaches for geoprocessing suffer from a lack of interoperability. Algorithms that translate/summarize geographical information have been tightly designed to the needs and characteristics of specific models and GIs systems, and are not reusable. This means that each connection between a specific pairing of an environmental model and a GIS system requires a unique translation algorithm, which, in turn, requires new resources to repeatedly solve the same conceptual problem. This paper proposes the use of the Geospatial Object Library for Environmental Modeling (GEOLEM) as an alternative or complementary tool for calculating land use and topographical parameters. Although this research focuses on the calculation of geographical parameters needed by the Hydrological Simulation Program Fortran (HSPF), potential uses of GEOLEM in other modeling frameworks are also addressed. C1 [Alarcon, Vladimir J.; O'Hara, Charles G.; Shrestha, Bijay; Mali, Preeti] Mississippi State Univ, GeoResources Inst, Box 9627, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Viger, Roland] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Natl Res Program, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Alarcon, VJ (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, GeoResources Inst, Box 9627, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. OI Viger, Roland/0000-0003-2520-714X NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0476-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 2 BP 1136 EP + PN A - B PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BHF06 UT WOS:000252602900281 ER PT J AU Raup, B Kaab, A Kargel, JS Bishop, MP Hamilton, G Lee, E Paul, F Rau, F Soltesz, D Khalsa, SJS Beedle, M Helm, C AF Raup, Bruce Kaeaeb, Andreas Kargel, Jeffrey S. Bishop, Michael P. Hamilton, Gordon Lee, Ella Paul, Frank Rau, Frank Soltesz, Deborah Khalsa, Siri Jodha Singh Beedle, Matthew Helm, Christopher TI Remote sensing and GIS technology in the global land ice measurements from space (GLIMS) project SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE glaciers; remote sensing; database; open-source GIS ID SWISS GLACIER INVENTORY; ELEVATION CHANGES; SATELLITE DATA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ASTER DATA; IMAGE DATA; SHEET; ALPS; VELOCITY; AIRBORNE AB Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) is an international consortium established to acquire satellite images of the world's glaciers, analyze them for glacier extent and changes, and to assess these change data in terms of forcings. The consortium is organized into a system of Regional Centers, each of which is responsible for glaciers in their region of expertise. Specialized needs for mapping glaciers in a distributed analysis environment require considerable work developing software tools: terrain classification emphasizing snow, ice, water, and admixtures of ice with rock debris; change detection and analysis; visualization of images and derived data; interpretation and archival of derived data; and analysis to ensure consistency of results from different Regional Centers. A global glacier database has been designed and implemented at the National Snow and Ice Data Center (Boulder, CO); parameters have been expanded from those of the World Glacier Inventory (WGI), and the database has been structured to be compatible with (and to incorporate) WGI data. The project as a whole was originated, and has been coordinated by, the US Geological Survey (Flagstaff, AZ), which has also led the development of an interactive tool for automated analysis and manual editing of glacier images and derived data (GLIMSView). This article addresses remote sensing and Geographic Information Science techniques developed within the framework of GLIMS in order to fulfill the goals of this distributed project. Sample applications illustrating the developed techniques are also shown. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Zurich, Dept Geog, Glaciol & Geomorphodynam Grp, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Nebraska, Durham Sci Ctr, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME 04469 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Freiburg, Inst Phys Geog, D-79085 Freiburg, Germany. RP Raup, B (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, 449 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM braup@nsidc.org RI Kaab, Andreas/A-3607-2012; KHalsa, Siri Jodha/A-9338-2009 OI KHalsa, Siri Jodha/0000-0001-9217-5550 NR 66 TC 112 Z9 127 U1 11 U2 56 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 EI 1873-7803 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 33 IS 1 BP 104 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2006.05.015 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 127KJ UT WOS:000243584400010 ER PT B AU Sulak, KJ Brooks, RA Luke, KE Norem, AD Randall, M Quaid, AJ Yeargin, GE Miller, JM Harden, WM Caruso, JH Ross, SW AF Sulak, Kenneth J. Brooks, R. Allen Luke, Kirsten E. Norem, April D. Randall, Michael Quaid, Andrew J. Yeargin, George E. Miller, Jana M. Harden, William M. Caruso, John H. Ross, Steve W. BE George, RY Cairns, SD TI Demersal fishes associated with Lophelia pertusa coral and hard-substrate biotopes on the continental slope, northern Gulf of Mexico SO CONSERVATION AND ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT OF SEAMOUNT AND DEEP-SEA CORAL ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Deep-Sea Corals CY NOV 28-DEC 02, 2005 CL Miami, FL ID NORWEGIAN SHELF; REEF FISHES; DEEP; IMPACTS; ABUNDANCE; ATLANTIC; BIOHERMS; BIOLOGY; FLORIDA; FAUNA AB The demersal fish fauna of Lophelia pertusa (Linnaeus, 1758) coral reefs and associated hard-bottom biotopes was investigated at two depth horizons in the northern Gulf of Mexico using a manned submersible and remote sampling. The Viosca Knoll fauna consisted of at least 53 demersal fish species, 37 of which were documented by submersible video. On the 325 m horizon, dominant taxa determined from frame-by-frame video analysis included Stromateidae, Serranidae, Trachichthyidae, Congridae, Scorpaenidae, and Gadiformes. On the 500 m horizon, large mobile visual macrocarnivores of families Stromateidae and Serranidae dropped out, while a zeiform microcarnivore assumed importance on reef "Thicket" biotope, and the open-slope taxa Macrouridae and Squalidae gained in importance. The most consistent faunal groups at both depths included sit-and-wait and hover-and-wait strategists (Scorpaenidae, Congridae, Trachichthyidae), along with generalized mesocarnivores (Gadiformes). The specialized microcarnivore, Grammicolepis brachiusculus Poey, 1873, appears to be highly associated with Lophelia reefs. The coral "Thicket" biotope was extensively developed on the 500 m site, but fish abundance was low with only 95 fish per hectare. In contrast to Lophelia reefs from the eastern the North Atlantic, the coral "Rubble" biotope was essentially absent. This study represents the first quantitative analysis of fishes associated with Lophelia reefs in the Gulf of Mexico, and generally in the western North Atlantic. C1 [Sulak, Kenneth J.; Luke, Kirsten E.; Norem, April D.; Randall, Michael; Yeargin, George E.; Miller, Jana M.; Harden, William M.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Sulak, KJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM ksulak@usgs.gov NR 52 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU UNIV MIAMI PI MIAMI PA ROSENSTIEL SCHOOL MARINE & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE, MIAMI, FL 00000 USA BN 978-1-891276-58-3 PY 2007 BP 65 EP 92 PG 28 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BHH00 UT WOS:000253119900007 ER PT J AU Murphy, MA Kendall, KC Robinson, A Waits, LP AF Murphy, Melanie A. Kendall, Katherine C. Robinson, Andrew Waits, Lisette P. TI The impact of time and field conditions on brown bear (Ursus arctos) faecal DNA amplification SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE DNA preservation; faecal DNA; noninvasive genetic sampling; Ursus arctos ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; ERROR RATES; FECES; IDENTIFICATION; PRESERVATION; RELIABILITY; EXTRACTION; SAMPLES; SEX; PCR AB To establish longevity of faecal DNA samples under varying summer field conditions, we collected 53 faeces from captive brown bears (Ursus arctos) on a restricted vegetation diet. Each faeces was divided, and one half was placed on a warm, dry field site while the other half was placed on a cool, wet field site on Moscow Mountain, Idaho, USA. Temperature, relative humidity, and dew point data were collected on each site, and faeces were sampled for DNA extraction at < 1, 3, 6, 14, 30, 45, and 60 days. Faecal DNA sample viability was assessed by attempting PCR amplification of a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) locus (similar to 150 bp) and a nuclear DNA (nDNA) microsatellite locus (180-200 bp). Time in the field, temperature, and dew point impacted mtDNA and nDNA amplification success with the greatest drop in success rates occurring between 1 and 3 days. In addition, genotyping errors significantly increased over time at both field sites. Based on these results, we recommend collecting samples at frequent transect intervals and focusing sampling efforts during drier portions of the year when possible. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USGS No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Natl Pk, Glacier Field Stn, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Melbourne, Dept Math & Stat, Parkville, Vic, Australia. RP Waits, LP (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM lwaits@uidaho.edu RI Murphy, Melanie/D-2605-2009; OI Robinson, Andrew/0000-0002-0509-6043 NR 25 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PY 2007 VL 8 IS 5 BP 1219 EP 1224 DI 10.1007/s10592-006-9264-0 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 201RQ UT WOS:000248850700020 ER PT S AU Hough, SE AF Hough, Susan E. BE Stein, S Mazzotti, S TI Remotely triggered earthquakes following moderate main shocks SO CONTINENTAL INTRAPLATE EARTHQUAKES: SCIENCE, HAZARD, AND POLICY ISSUES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE earthquake; triggering; aftershock dynamic stress ID LOMA-PRIETA EARTHQUAKE; 1992 JOSHUA-TREE; HECTOR MINE; RECTIFIED DIFFUSION; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; MADRID EARTHQUAKES; MOHO REFLECTIONS; UNITED-STATES; SEISMICITY; LANDERS AB Since 1992, remotely triggered earthquakes have been identified following large (M>7) earthquakes in California as well as in other regions. These events, which occur at much greater distances than classic aftershocks, occur predominantly in active geothermal or volcanic regions, leading to theories that the earthquakes are triggered when passing seismic waves cause disruptions in magmatic or other fluid systems. In this paper, I focus on observations of remotely triggered earthquakes following moderate main shocks in diverse tectonic settings. I summarize evidence that remotely triggered earthquakes occur commonly in mid-continent and collisional zones. This evidence is derived from analysis of both historic earthquake sequences and from instrumentally recorded M5-6 earthquakes in eastern Canada. The latter analysis suggests that, while remotely triggered earthquakes do not occur pervasively following moderate earthquakes in eastern North America, a low level of triggering often does occur at distances beyond conventional aftershock zones. The inferred triggered events occur at the distances at which SmS waves are known to significantly increase ground motions. A similar result was found for 28 recent M5.3-7.1 earthquakes in California. In California, seismicity is found to increase on average to a distance of at least 200 km following moderate main shocks. This supports the conclusion that, even at distances of similar to 100 km, dynamic stress changes control the occurrence of triggered events. There are two explanations that can account for the occurrence of remotely triggered earthquakes in intraplate settings: (1) they occur at local zones of weakness, or (2) they occur in zones of local stress concentration. C1 US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Hough, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. NR 52 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2425-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2007 VL 425 BP 73 EP 86 DI 10.1130/2007.2425(06) PG 14 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BMO44 UT WOS:000273098500007 ER PT S AU van Lanen, X Mooney, WD AF van Lanen, Xavier Mooney, Walter D. BE Stein, S Mazzotti, S TI Integrated geologic and geophysical studies of North American continental intraplate seismicity SO CONTINENTAL INTRAPLATE EARTHQUAKES: SCIENCE, HAZARD, AND POLICY ISSUES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE intraplate earthquakes; seismic refraction; Bouger gravity; aeromagnetics; North America ID EARTHQUAKES; ZONE; REGIONS; PALEOSEISMICITY; MECHANISM; EVOLUTION; GEOMETRY; CANADA; FAULTS; CRUST AB The origin of earthquakes within stable continental regions has been the subject of debate over the past thirty years. Here, we examine the correlation of North American stable continental region earthquakes using five geologic and geophysical data sets: (1) a newly compiled age-province map; (2) Bouguer gravity data; (3) aeromagnetic anomalies; (4) the tectonic stress field; and (5) crustal structure as revealed by deep seismic-reflection profiles. We find that : (1) Archean-age (3.8-2.5 Ga) North American crust is essentially a seismic, whereas post-Archean (less than 2.5 Ga) crust shows no clear correlation of crustal age and earthquake frequency or moment release; (2) seismicity is correlated with continental paleorifts; and (3) seismicity is correlated with the NE-SW structural grain of the crust of eastern North America, which in turn reflects the opening and closing of the proto- and modern Atlantic Ocean. This structural grain can be discerned as clear NE-SW lineaments in the Bouguer gravity and aeromagnetic anomaly maps. Stable continental region seismicity either: (1) follows the NE-SW lineaments; (2) is aligned at right angles to these lineaments; or (3) forms clusters at what have been termed stress concentrators (e.g., igneous intrusions and intersecting faults). Seismicity levels are very low to the west of the Grenville Front (i.e., in the Archean Superior craton). The correlation of seismicity is related to the accretion and rifting processes that have formed the North American continental crust during the past 2 b.y. We further evaluate this hypothesis by correlating stable continental region seismicity with recently obtained deep seismic-reflection images of the Appalachin and Grenville crust of southern Canada. These images show numerous faults that penetrate deep (40 km) into the crust. An analysis of hypocentral depths for stable continental region earthquakes shows that the frequency and moment magnitude of events are nearly uniform for the entire 0-35 km depths over which crustal earthquakes extend. This is in contradiction with the hypothesis that larger events have deeper focal depths. We conclude that the deep structure of the crust, in particular the existence of deeply penetrating faults, is the controlling parameter, rather than lateral variations in temperature, rheology, or high pore pressure. The distribution of stable continental region earthquakes in eastern North America is consistent with the existence of deeply penetrating crustal faults that have been reactivated in the present stress field. We infer that future earthquakes may occur anywhere along the geophysical linearities that we have identified. This implies that seismic hazard is more widespread in central and eastern North America than indicated by the limited known historical distribution of seismicity. C1 [van Lanen, Xavier; Mooney, Walter D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP van Lanen, X (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM xavier_van_lanen@yahoo.co.uk; mooney@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2425-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2007 VL 425 BP 101 EP 112 DI 10.1130/2007.2425(08) PG 12 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BMO44 UT WOS:000273098500009 ER PT S AU Sarkar, D Sain, K Reddy, PR Catchings, RD Mooney, WD AF Sarkar, D. Sain, K. Reddy, P. R. Catchings, R. D. Mooney, W. D. BE Stein, S Mazzotti, S TI Seismic-reflection images of the crustal beneath the 2001 M=7.7 Kutch (Bhuj) epicentral region, western India SO CONTINENTAL INTRAPLATE EARTHQUAKES: SCIENCE, HAZARD, AND POLICY ISSUES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE India; seismic reflection; crustal thickness; Bhuj earthquake ID PRESTACK DEPTH MIGRATION; INTRAPLATE SEISMICITY; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; DHARWAR-CRATON; KENYA RIFT; EARTHQUAKE; ZONE; COLLISION; HIMALAYA; ASIA AB Three short (similar to 35 km) seismic-reflection profiles are presented from the region of the 2001 Mw = 7.7 Bhuj (western India) earthquake. These profiles image a 35-45-km-thick crust with strong, near-horizontal reflections at all depths. The thickness of the crust increases by 10 km over a distance of similar to 50 km from the northern margin of the Gulf of Kutch to the earthquake epicenter. Aftershocks of the Bhuj earthquake extend to a depth of 37 km, indicating a cold, brittle crust to that depth. Our results show that all of these aftershocks are contained within the crust. Furthermore, there is no evidence for offsets in the crust-mantle boundary associated with deep (mantle) faulting. The existence of a thick (similar to 45 km) and highly reflective crust at the epicentral zone may be indicative of crustal thickening due to the compressive regime of the past 55 m.y. Alternatively, this crustal thickening could be attributable to magmatic intrusions that date back to Mesozoic rifting associated with the breakup of Gondwanaland. C1 [Sarkar, D.; Sain, K.; Reddy, P. R.] Natl Geophys Res Inst, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Catchings, R. D.; Mooney, W. D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Sarkar, D (reprint author), Natl Geophys Res Inst, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. EM dipankars@rediffmail.com NR 54 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2425-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2007 VL 425 BP 319 EP 327 DI 10.1130/2007.2425(20) PG 9 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BMO44 UT WOS:000273098500020 ER PT S AU Nittrouer, CA Austin, JA Field, ME Kravitz, JH Syvitski, JPM Wiberg, PL AF Nittrouer, Charles A. Austin, James A., Jr. Field, Michael E. Kravitz, Joseph H. Syvitski, James P. M. Wiberg, Patricia L. BE Nittrouer, CA Austin, JA Field, ME Kravitz, JH Syvitski, JPM Wiberg, PL TI Writing a Rosetta stone: insights into continental-margin sedimentary processes and strata SO CONTINENTAL MARGIN SEDIMENTATION: FROM SEDIMENT TRANSPORT TO SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY SE Special Publications of the International Association of Sedimentologists LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Continental margin; continental shelf; continental slope; sedimentation; stratigraphy. ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA MARGIN; JERSEY OUTER SHELF; EEL RIVER-BASIN; CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE; SMALL MOUNTAINOUS RIVERS; TURBIDITY CURRENTS; SEA-LEVEL; SUBMARINE-CANYON; SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY AB Continental margins are valuable for many reasons, including the rich record of Earth history that they contain. A comprehensive understanding about the fate of fluvial sediment requires knowledge that transcends time-scales ranging from particle transport to deep burial. Insights are presented for margins in general, with a focus on a tectonically active margin (northern California) and a passive margin (New Jersey). Formation of continental-margin strata begins with sediment delivery to the seabed. Physical and biological reworking alters this sediment before it is preserved by burial, and has an impact upon its dispersal to more distal locations. The seabed develops strength as it consolidates, but failure can occur and lead to sediment redistribution through high-concentration gravity flows. Processes ranging from sediment delivery to gravity flows create morphological features that give shape to continental-margin surfaces. With burial, these surfaces may become seismic reflectors, which are observed in the subsurface as stratigraphy and are used to interpret the history of formative processes. Observations document sedimentary processes and strata on a particular margin, but numerical models and laboratory experimentation are necessary to provide a quantitative basis for extrapolation of these processes and strata in time and space. C1 [Nittrouer, Charles A.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Nittrouer, Charles A.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Austin, James A., Jr.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, John A & Katherine G Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78759 USA. [Field, Michael E.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Kravitz, Joseph H.] George Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Syvitski, James P. M.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wiberg, Patricia L.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Nittrouer, CA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM nittroue@ocean.washington.edu RI Syvitski, James/L-2008-2013 NR 265 TC 16 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN STREET, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0141-3600 BN 978-1-4443-0439-8; 978-1-4051-6934-9 J9 SPEC PUBL INT ASS SE PY 2007 VL 37 BP 1 EP 48 DI 10.1002/9781444304398.ch1 D2 10.1002/9781444304398 PG 48 WC Environmental Sciences; Geology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BSS39 UT WOS:000285628700002 ER PT S AU Lee, HJ Locat, J Desgagnes, P Parsons, JD McAdoo, BG Orange, DL Puig, P Wong, FL Dartnell, P Boulanger, E AF Lee, Homa J. Locat, Jacques Desgagnes, Priscilla Parsons, Jeffrey D. McAdoo, Brian G. Orange, Daniel L. Puig, Pere Wong, Florence L. Dartnell, Peter Boulanger, Eric BE Nittrouer, CA Austin, JA Field, ME Kravitz, JH Syvitski, JPM Wiberg, PL TI Submarine mass movements on continental margins SO CONTINENTAL MARGIN SEDIMENTATION: FROM SEDIMENT TRANSPORT TO SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY SE Special Publications of the International Association of Sedimentologists LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Landslides; earthquakes; rheology; shear strength; Humboldt Slide; sediment waves ID CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE; DEBRIS-FLOW RHEOLOGY; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SEDIMENT WAVES; SLOPE FAILURE; TURBIDITY CURRENTS; SEA-FLOOR; STRENGTH DEVELOPMENT; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA AB Submarine landslides can be important mechanisms for transporting sediment down sloping seabeds. They occur when stresses acting downslope exceed the available strength of the seabed sediments. Landslides occur preferentially in particular environments, including fjords, active river deltas, submarine canyons, volcanic islands and, to a lesser extent, the open continental slope. Evaluating the relative stability of different seabeds requires an understanding of driving stresses and sediment strength. Stresses can be caused by gravity, earthquakes and storm waves. Resisting strength can be reduced by pore water and gas pressures, groundwater seepage, rapid sediment deposition, cyclic loading and human activity. Once slopes have become unstable or have failed, strength may continue to decrease, leading to sediment debris flows and possibly turbidity currents. Recent submarine landslide research has: shown that landslides and sediment waves may generate similar deposits, which require careful interpretation; expanded our knowledge of how strength develops in marine sediment; improved techniques for predicting sediment rheology; and developed methodologies for mapping and predicting the medium- to large-scale regional occurrence of submarine landslides. C1 [Lee, Homa J.; Wong, Florence L.; Dartnell, Peter] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Locat, Jacques; Desgagnes, Priscilla; Boulanger, Eric] Univ Laval, Dept Geol & Genie Geol, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. [Parsons, Jeffrey D.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [McAdoo, Brian G.] Vassar Coll, Dept Geol & Geog, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604 USA. [Orange, Daniel L.] AOA Geophys Inc, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Puig, Pere] Inst Ciencias Mar, Barcelona 08003, Spain. RP Lee, HJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM hjlee@usgs.gov NR 222 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN STREET, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0141-3600 BN 978-1-4443-0439-8; 978-1-4051-6934-9 J9 SPEC PUBL INT ASS SE PY 2007 VL 37 BP 213 EP 274 DI 10.1002/9781444304398.ch5 D2 10.1002/9781444304398 PG 62 WC Environmental Sciences; Geology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BSS39 UT WOS:000285628700006 ER PT S AU Pratson, LF Nittrouer, CA Wiberg, PL Steckler, MS Swenson, JB Cacchione, DA Karson, JA Murray, AB Wolinsky, MA Gerber, TP Mullenbach, BL Spinelli, GA Fulthorpe, CS O'Grady, DB Parker, G Driscoll, NW Burger, RL Paola, C Orange, DL Field, ME Friedrichs, CT Fedele, JJ AF Pratson, Lincoln F. Nittrouer, Charles A. Wiberg, Patricia L. Steckler, Michael S. Swenson, John B. Cacchione, David A. Karson, Jeffery A. Murray, A. Bradley Wolinsky, Matthew A. Gerber, Thomas P. Mullenbach, Beth L. Spinelli, Glenn A. Fulthorpe, Craig S. O'Grady, Damian B. Parker, Gary Driscoll, Neal W. Burger, Robert L. Paola, Christopher Orange, Daniel L. Field, Michael E. Friedrichs, Carl T. Fedele, Juan J. BE Nittrouer, CA Austin, JA Field, ME Kravitz, JH Syvitski, JPM Wiberg, PL TI Seascape evolution on clastic continental shelves and slopes SO CONTINENTAL MARGIN SEDIMENTATION: FROM SEDIMENT TRANSPORT TO SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY SE Special Publications of the International Association of Sedimentologists LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Seascape; plate tectonics; deltas; clinoforms; submarine canyons; internal waves; turbidity currents ID BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER SYSTEM; ERODING SEDIMENT FLOWS; SEA-LEVEL CHANGE; SUBMARINE CANYONS; NEW-JERSEY; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; TURBIDITY CURRENTS; CLINOFORM DEVELOPMENT; SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; TECTONIC CONTROL AB The morphology of clastic continental margins directly reflects their formative processes. These include interactions between plate movements and isostasy, which establish the characteristic stair-step shape of margins. Other factors are thermal and loading-induced subsidence, compaction and faulting/folding, which create and/or destroy accommodation space for sediment supplied by rivers and glaciers. These processes are primary controls on margin size and shape. Rivers and glaciers can also directly sculpt the margin surface when it is subaerially exposed by sea-level lowstands. Otherwise, they deposit their sediment load at or near the shoreline. Whether this deposition builds a delta depends on sea level and the energy of the ocean waves and currents. Delta formation will be prevented when sea level is rising faster than sediment supply can build the shoreline. Vigorous wave and current activity can slow or even arrest subaerial delta development by moving sediments seaward to form a subaqueous delta. This sediment movement is accomplished in part by wave-supported sediment gravity flows. Over the continental slope, turbidity currents are driven by gravity and, in combination with slides, cut submarine canyons and gullies. However, turbidity currents also deposit sediment across the continental slope. The average angle of continental slopes (similar to 4 degrees) lies near the threshold angle above which turbidity currents will erode the seafloor and below which they will deposit their sediment load. Therefore, turbidity currents may help regulate the dip of the continental slope. Internal waves exert a maximum shear on the continental-slope surface at about the same angle, and may be another controlling factor. C1 [Pratson, Lincoln F.; Karson, Jeffery A.; Murray, A. Bradley; Wolinsky, Matthew A.; Gerber, Thomas P.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Nittrouer, Charles A.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Wiberg, Patricia L.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Steckler, Michael S.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Swenson, John B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol Sci, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Cacchione, David A.] Coastal & Marine Environm, Redwood City, CA 94065 USA. [Mullenbach, Beth L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Spinelli, Glenn A.] Univ Missouri, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Fulthorpe, Craig S.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78759 USA. [O'Grady, Damian B.] ExxonMobil Dev Co, Houston, TX 77252 USA. [Parker, Gary] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Driscoll, Neal W.] Scripps Inst Oceanog, Geosci Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Burger, Robert L.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Paola, Christopher; Fedele, Juan J.] Univ Minnesota, St Anthony Falls Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Orange, Daniel L.] AOA Geophys, Mass Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Field, Michael E.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Friedrichs, Carl T.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Pratson, LF (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM lincoln.pratson@duke.edu NR 179 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN STREET, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0141-3600 BN 978-1-4443-0439-8 J9 SPEC PUBL INT ASS SE PY 2007 VL 37 BP 339 EP 380 DI 10.1002/9781444304398.ch7 D2 10.1002/9781444304398 PG 42 WC Environmental Sciences; Geology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BSS39 UT WOS:000285628700008 ER PT S AU Syvitski, JPM Pratson, LF Wiberg, PL Steckler, MS Garcia, MH Geyer, WR Harris, CK Hutton, EWH Imran, J Lee, HJ Morehead, MD Parker, G AF Syvitski, James P. M. Pratson, Lincoln F. Wiberg, Patricia L. Steckler, Michael S. Garcia, Marcelo H. Geyer, W. Rockwell Harris, Courtney K. Hutton, Eric W. H. Imran, Jasim Lee, Homa J. Morehead, Mark D. Parker, Gary BE Nittrouer, CA Austin, JA Field, ME Kravitz, JH Syvitski, JPM Wiberg, PL TI Prediction of margin stratigraphy SO CONTINENTAL MARGIN SEDIMENTATION: FROM SEDIMENT TRANSPORT TO SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY SE Special Publications of the International Association of Sedimentologists LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Numerical modelling; compaction; acoustic properties; river discharge; gravity flows; clinoforms; river plumes; sequence stratigraphy ID DRIVEN SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SUBAQUEOUS DEBRIS FLOWS; LONG-WAVELENGTH PROPAGATION; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA SHELF; COMPOSITE ELASTIC MEDIA; SAND-MUD DELTAS; TURBIDITY CURRENTS; SUSPENDED-SEDIMENT; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; NUMERICAL-MODEL AB A new generation of predictive, process-response models provides insight about how sediment-transport processes work to form and destroy strata, and to influence the developing architecture along continental margins. The spectrum of models considered in this paper includes short-term sedimentary processes (river discharge, surface plumes, hyperpycnal plumes, wave-current interactions, subaqueous debris flows, turbidity currents), the filling of geological basins where tectonics and subsidence are important controls on sediment dispersal (slope stability, compaction, tectonics, sea-level fluctuations, subsidence), and acoustic models for comparison to seismic images. Recent efforts have coordinated individual modelling studies and catalysed Earth-surface research by: 1 empowering scientists with computing tools and knowledge from interlinked fields; 2 streamlining the process of hypothesis testing through linked surface dynamics models; 3 creating models tailored to specific settings, scientific problems and time- scales. The extreme ranges of space- and time-scales that define Earth history demand an array of approaches, including model nesting, rather than a single monolithic modelling structure. Numerical models that simulate the development of landscapes and sedimentary architecture are the repositories of our understanding about basic physics and thermodynamics underlying the field of sedimentology. C1 [Syvitski, James P. M.; Hutton, Eric W. H.] Univ Colorado, Environm Computat & Imaging Facil, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Pratson, Lincoln F.] Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Wiberg, Patricia L.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Steckler, Michael S.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Garcia, Marcelo H.] Univ Illinois, Ven Te Chow Hydrosyst Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Geyer, W. Rockwell] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Harris, Courtney K.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Dept Phys Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Imran, Jasim] Univ S Carolina, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Lee, Homa J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Morehead, Mark D.] Univ Idaho, Dept Civil Engn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Parker, Gary] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Syvitski, JPM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Environm Computat & Imaging Facil, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM james.syvitski@Colorado.edu RI Syvitski, James/L-2008-2013 NR 291 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN STREET, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0141-3600 BN 978-1-4443-0439-8; 978-1-4051-6934-9 J9 SPEC PUBL INT ASS SE PY 2007 VL 37 BP 459 EP 529 DI 10.1002/9781444304398.ch9 D2 10.1002/9781444304398 PG 71 WC Environmental Sciences; Geology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BSS39 UT WOS:000285628700010 ER PT S AU Sutherland, R Eberhart-Phillips, D Harris, RA Stern, T Beavan, J Ellis, S Henrys, S Cox, S Norris, RJ Berryman, KR Townend, J Bannister, S Pettinga, J Leitner, B Wallace, L Little, TA Cooper, AF Yetton, M Stirling, M AF Sutherland, R. Eberhart-Phillips, D. Harris, R. A. Stern, T. Beavan, J. Ellis, S. Henrys, S. Cox, S. Norris, R. J. Berryman, K. R. Townend, J. Bannister, S. Pettinga, J. Leitner, B. Wallace, L. Little, T. A. Cooper, A. F. Yetton, M. Stirling, M. BE Okaya, D Stern, T Davey, F TI Do Great Earthquakes Occur on the Alpine Fault in Central South Island, New Zealand? SO CONTINENTAL PLATE BOUNDARY: TECTONICS AT SOUTH ISLAND, NEW ZEALAND SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID STRIKE-SLIP FAULTS; PLATE-BOUNDARY; CONTINENTAL COLLISION; STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; SEDIMENTARY BASINS; PRESSURE BENEATH; STRESS TRANSFER; RUPTURE LENGTH; RAPID UPLIFT; ALPS AB Geological observations require that episodic slip on the Alpine fault averages to a long-term displacement rate of 2-3 cm/yr. Patterns of seismicity and geodetic strain suggest the fault is locked above a depth of 6-12 km and will probably fail during an earthquake. High pore-fluid pressures in the deeper fault zone are inferred from low seismic P-wave velocity and high electrical conductivity in central South Island, and may limit the seismogenic zone east of the Alpine fault to depths as shallow as 6 km. A simplified dynamic rupture model suggests an episode of aseismic slip at depth may not inhibit later propagation of a fully developed earthquake rupture. Although it is difficult to resolve surface displacement during an ancient earthquake from displacements that occurred in the months and years that immediately surround the event, sufficient data exist to evaluate the extent of the last three Alpine fault ruptures: the 1717 AD event is inferred to have ruptured a 300-500 km length of fault; the 1620 AD event ruptured 200-300 km; and the 1430 AD event ruptured 350-600 km. The geologically estimated moment magnitudes are 7.9 +/- 0.3, 7.6 +/- 0.3, and 7.9 +/- 0.4, respectively. We conclude that large earthquakes (M-w>7) on the Alpine fault will almost certainly occur in future, and it is realistic to expect some great earthquakes (M-w >= 8). C1 [Sutherland, R.; Beavan, J.; Ellis, S.; Henrys, S.; Berryman, K. R.; Bannister, S.; Leitner, B.; Wallace, L.; Stirling, M.] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. [Eberhart-Phillips, D.; Cox, S.] GNS Sci, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Harris, R. A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Stern, T.; Townend, J.; Little, T. A.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand. [Norris, R. J.; Cooper, A. F.] Univ Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Pettinga, J.] Univ Canterbury, Christchurch 8020, New Zealand. [Yetton, M.] Geotech Consulting, Lyttelton RD, New Zealand. RP Sutherland, R (reprint author), GNS Sci, 1 Fairway Dr,POB 30-368, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. EM r.sutherland@gns.cri.nz RI Townend, John/B-5923-2012; OI Townend, John/0000-0002-7017-620X; Cox, Simon C./0000-0001-5899-8035; Sutherland, Rupert/0000-0001-7430-0055 NR 102 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-440-5 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2007 VL 175 BP 235 EP 251 DI 10.1029/175GM12 D2 10.1029/GM175 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BOH61 UT WOS:000276667600011 ER PT S AU Fuis, GS Kohler, MD Scherwath, M ten Brink, U Van Avendonk, HJA Murphy, JM AF Fuis, Gary S. Kohler, Monica D. Scherwath, Martin ten Brink, Uri Van Avendonk, Harm J. A. Murphy, Janice M. BE Okaya, D Stern, T Davey, F TI A Comparison Between the Transpressional Plate Boundaries of South Island, New Zealand, and Southern California, USA: The Alpine and San Andreas Fault Systems SO CONTINENTAL PLATE BOUNDARY: TECTONICS AT SOUTH ISLAND, NEW ZEALAND SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID OBLIQUE CONTINENTAL COLLISION; TRANSVERSE RANGES; UPPER-MANTLE; SEISMIC ANISOTROPY; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; GEOPHYSICAL EVIDENCE; TOMOGRAPHIC IMAGE; GABRIEL MOUNTAINS; UNITED-STATES; TRAVEL-TIMES AB There are clear similarities in structure and tectonics between the Alpine Fault system (AF) of New Zealand's South Island and the San Andreas Fault system (SAF) of southern California, USA. Both systems are transpressional, with similar right slip and convergence rates, similar onset ages (for the current traces), and similar total offsets. There are also notable differences, including the dips of the faults and their plate-tectonic histories. The crustal structure surrounding the AF and SAF was investigated with active and passive seismic sources along transects known as South Island Geophysical Transect (SIGHT) and Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment (LARSE), respectively. Along the SIGHT transects, the AF appears to dip moderately southeastward (similar to 50 deg.), toward the Pacific plate (PAC), but along the LARSE transects, the SAF dips vertically to steeply northeastward toward the North American plate (NAM). Away from the LARSE transects, the dip of the SAF changes significantly. In both locations, a midcrustal decollement is observed that connects the plate-boundary fault to thrust faults farther south in the PAC. This decollement allows upper crust to escape collision laterally and vertically, but forces the lower crust to form crustal roots, reaching maximum depths of 44 km (South Island) and 36 km (southern California). In both locations, upper-mantle bodies of high P velocity are observed extending from near the Moho to more than 200-km depth. These bodies appear to be confined to the PAC and to represent oblique downwelling of PAC mantle lithosphere along the plate boundaries. C1 [Fuis, Gary S.; Murphy, Janice M.] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kohler, Monica D.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Embedded Networked Sensing, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Scherwath, Martin] Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Earth Sci, Wellington, New Zealand. [ten Brink, Uri] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Team, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Van Avendonk, Harm J. A.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX USA. RP Fuis, GS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earthquake Hazards Team, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM fuis@usgs.gov OI Fuis, Gary/0000-0002-3078-1544 NR 74 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-440-5 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2007 VL 175 BP 307 EP 327 DI 10.1029/175GM16 D2 10.1029/GM175 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BOH61 UT WOS:000276667600015 ER PT J AU Glenn, EP Huete, AR Nagler, PL Hirschboeck, KK Brown, P AF Glenn, Edward P. Huete, Alfredo R. Nagler, Pamela L. Hirschboeck, Katherine K. Brown, Paul TI Integrating remote sensing and ground methods to estimate evapotranspiration SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE evaporation; transpiration; ecohydrology; flux towers ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX; LAND-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION; ECOSYSTEM GAS-EXCHANGE; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; ENERGY FLUX DENSITIES; THERMAL-INFRARED DATA; SOIL-WATER CONTENT; LATENT-HEAT FLUX AB Evapotranspiraton ( ET) is the second largest term in the terrestrial water budget after precipitation, and ET is expected to increase with global warming. ET studies are relevant to the plant sciences because over 80% of terrestrial ET is due to transpiration by plants. Remote sensing is the only feasible means for projecting ET over large landscape units. In the past decade or so, new ground and remote sensing tools have dramatically increased our ability to measure ET at the plot scale and to scale it over larger regions. Moisture flux towers and micrometeorological stations have been deployed in numerous natural and agricultural biomes and provide continuous measurements of actual ET or potential ET with an accuracy or uncertainty of 10 - 30%. These measurements can be scaled to larger landscape units using remotely- sensed vegetation indices ( VIs), Land Surface Temperature ( LST), and other satellite data. Two types of methods have been developed. Empirical methods use time- series VIs and micrometeorological data to project ET measured on the ground to larger landscape units. Physically- based methods use remote sensing data to determine the components of the surface energy balance, including latent heat flux, which determines ET. Errors in predicting ET by both types of methods are within the error bounds of the flux towers by which they are calibrated or validated. However, the error bounds need to be reduced to 10% or less for applications that require precise wide- area ET estimates. The high fidelity between ET and VIs over agricultural fields and natural ecosystems where precise ground estimates of ET are available suggests that this might be an achievable goal if ground methods for measuring ET continue to improve. C1 Univ Arizona, Environm Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Tucson, AZ USA. Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Lab, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Glenn, EP (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Environm Res Lab, 2601 E Airport Dr, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. EM eglenn@ag.Arizona.edu RI Huete, Alfredo/C-1294-2008 OI Huete, Alfredo/0000-0003-2809-2376 NR 196 TC 130 Z9 137 U1 20 U2 87 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0735-2689 EI 1549-7836 J9 CRIT REV PLANT SCI JI Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. PY 2007 VL 26 IS 3 BP 139 EP 168 DI 10.1080/07352680701402503 PG 30 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 183HF UT WOS:000247562700002 ER PT B AU Wieczorek, GF Wilson, RC Ellen, SD Reid, ME Jayko, AS AF Wieczorek, G. F. Wilson, R. C. Ellen, S. D. Reid, M. E. Jayko, A. S. BE Chen, CL Major, JJ TI Thirty-one years of debris-flow observation and monitoring near La Honda, California, USA SO DEBRIS-FLOW HAZARDS MITIGATION: MECHANICS, PREDICTION, AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation - Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment CY SEP 10-13, 2007 CL Chengdu, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Amer Geophys Union, Assoc Engn Geol, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Environm & Water Resources Inst Amer, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Geo-Inst, Geol Soc Amer, Int Assoc Hydraul Engn & Res, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Ctr Integrated Mt Dev, Int Consortium Landsides, Int Eros Control Assoc, Int Union Forest Res Org, Japan Landslides Soc, Japan Soc Eros Control Engn, US Geol Survey, Chinese Acad Sci, Chinese Govt Sichuan Province, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE debris flows; antecedent seasonal rainfall; rainfall intensity and duration; rainfall monitoring; debris-flow triggering threshold ID RAINFALL INTENSITY; LANDSLIDES; THRESHOLD AB From 1975 until 2006, 18 intense storms triggered at least 248 debris flows within 10 km(2) northwest of the town of La Honda within the Santa Cruz Mountains, California. In addition to mapping debris flows and other types of landslides, studies included soil sampling and geologic mapping, piezometric and tensiometer monitoring, and rainfall measurement and recording. From 1985 until 1995, a system with radio telemetered rain gages and piezometers within the La Honda region was used for issuing six debris-flow warnings within the San Francisco Bay region through the NOAA ALERT system. Depending upon the relative intensity of rainfall during storms, debris flows were generated from deep Slumps, shallow slumps, shallow slides in colluvium and shallow slides over bedrock. Analysis shows the storms with abundant antecedent rainfall followed by several days of steady heavy intense rainfall triggered the most abundant debris flows. C1 [Wieczorek, G. F.; Wilson, R. C.; Ellen, S. D.; Reid, M. E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Wieczorek, GF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU MILLPRESS SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 84118, 3009 CC ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-5966-059-5 PY 2007 BP 55 EP 63 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BJX02 UT WOS:000267333300007 ER PT J AU Tinker, MT Costa, DP Estes, JA Wieringa, N AF Tinker, M. T. Costa, D. P. Estes, J. A. Wieringa, N. TI Individual dietary specialization and dive behaviour in the California sea otter: Using archival time-depth data to detect alternative foraging strategies SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Bio-logging Science CY JUN 13-16, 2005 CL Univ St Andrews, St Andrews, SCOTLAND SP Sea Mammal Res Unit, SMRU, EU Network Excellence Marine Biodivers & Ecosyst Functioning HO Univ St Andrews DE data loggers; diets; diet specialization; foraging behaviour; statistical analysis ID ANTARCTIC FUR SEALS; PREY SELECTION; INTERINDIVIDUAL VARIATION; ARCTOCEPHALUS-GAZELLA; ROCKHOPPER PENGUINS; PATTERNS; VARIABILITY; POPULATION; MOVEMENT; PREDATOR AB The existence of individual prey specializations has been reported for an ever-growing number of taxa, and has important ramifications for our understanding of predator-prey dynamics. We use the California sea otter population as a case study to validate the use of archival time-depth data to detect and measure differences in foraging behaviour and diet. We collected observational foraging data from radio-tagged sea otters that had been equipped with Mk9 time depth recorders (TDRs, Wildlife Computers, Redmond, WA). After recapturing the study animals and retrieving the TDRs it was possible to compare the two data types, by matching individual dives from the TDR record with observational data and thus examining behavioural correlates of capture success and prey species. Individuals varied with respect to prey selection, aggregating into one of three distinct dietary specializations. A number of TDR-derived parameters, particularly dive depth and post-dive surface interval, differed predictably between specialist types. A combination of six dive parameters was particularly useful for discriminating between specialist types, and when incorporated into a multivariate cluster analysis, these six parameters resulted in classification of 13 adult female sea otters into three clusters that corresponded almost perfectly to the diet-based classification (1 out of 13 animals was misclassified). Thus based solely on quantifiable traits of time-depth data that have been collected over an appropriate period (in this case 1 year per animal), it was possible to assign female sea otters to diet type with > 90% accuracy. TDR data can thus be used as a toot to measure the degree of individual specialization in sea otter populations, a conclusion that will likely apply to other diving marine vertebrates as well. Our ultimate goals must be both to understand the causes of individual specialization, and to incorporate such variation into models of population- and community-level food web dynamics. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Univ Amsterdam, Dept Aquat Microbiol, IBED, NL-1018 WS Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Tinker, MT (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM tinker@biology.ucsc.edu RI Tinker, Martin/F-1277-2011 NR 51 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 32 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2007 VL 54 IS 3-4 BP 330 EP 342 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.11.012 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 158UN UT WOS:000245820500013 ER PT J AU Chan, LH Hein, JR AF Chan, Lui-Heung Hein, James R. TI Lithium contents and isotopic compositions of ferromanganese deposits from the global ocean SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE ferromanganese crusts; lithium content; lithium isotopes; strontium isotopes; paleoceanographic proxy; post-depositional exchange ID STRONTIUM ISOTOPES; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; SUBDUCTION ZONE; SUBARC MANTLE; LI ISOTOPES; SEAWATER; PACIFIC; CRUSTS; FLUIDS; RIDGE AB To test the feasibility of using lithium isotopes in marine ferromanganese deposits as an indicator of paleoceanographic conditions and seawater composition, we analyzed samples from a variety of tectonic environments in the global ocean. Hydrogenetic, hydrothermal, mixed hydrogenetic-hydrothermal, and hydrogenctic-diagenetic samples were subjected to a two-step leaching and dissolution procedure to extract first the loosely bound Li and then the more tightly bound Li in the Mn oxide and Fe oxyhydroxide. Total leachable Li contents vary from < 1 ppm in hydrogenetic crusts to 1422 ppm (up to 1188 ppm measured here) in hydrothermal deposits. Hydrated Li ions in seawater and hydrothermal fluids are preferentially sorbed on the negatively charged surface of MnO2 by coulombic force. Hence, the abundant Li in hydrothermal deposits is mainly associated with the dominant phase, MnO2. The surface of amorphous FeOOH holds a slightly positive charge and attracts little Li, as demonstrated by data for hydrothermal Fe oxyhydroxide. Loosely sorbed Li in both hydrogenetic crusts and hydrothermal deposits exhibit Li isotopic compositions that resemble that of modern seawater. We infer that the hydrothermally derived Li scavenged onto the surface of MnO2 freely exchanged with ambient seawater, thereby losing its original isotopic signature. Li in the tightly bound sites is always isotopically lighter than that in the loosely bound fraction, suggesting that the isotopic fractionation occurred during formation of chemical bonds in the oxide and oxyhydroxide structures. Sr isotopes also show evidence of re-equilibration with seawater after deposition. Because of their mobility, Li and Sr in the ferromanganese crusts do not faithfully record secular variations in the isotopic compositions of seawater. However, Li content can be a useful proxy for the hydrothermal history of ocean basins. Based on the Li concentrations of the globally distributed hydrogenetic and hydrothermal samples, we estimate a scavenging flux of Li that is insignificant compared to the hydrothermal flux and river input to the ocean. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Chan, LH (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM gichan@lsu.edu; jhein@usgs.gov NR 64 TC 20 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2007 VL 54 IS 11-13 BP 1147 EP 1162 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.04.003 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 214QS UT WOS:000249753800002 ER PT J AU Naehr, TH Eichhubl, P Orphan, VJ Hovland, M Paull, CK Ussler, W Lorenson, TD Greene, HG AF Naehr, Thomas H. Eichhubl, Peter Orphan, Victoria J. Hovland, Martin Paull, Charles K. Ussler, William, III Lorenson, Thomas D. Greene, H. Gary TI Authigenic carbonate formation at hydrocarbon seeps in continental margin sediments: A comparative study SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE seeps; methane; authigenic; carbonate; continental margins ID EEL RIVER-BASIN; MONTEREY BAY; FLUID-FLOW; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; COLD-SEEPS; BIOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; STRIKE-SLIP; BLACK-SEA; METHANE AB Authigenic carbonates from five continental margin locations, the Eel River Basin, Monterey Bay, Santa Barbara Basin, the Sea of Okhotsk, and the North Sea, exhibit a wide range of mineralogical and stable isotopic compositions. These precipitates include aragonite, low- and high-Mg calcite, and dolomite. The carbon isotopic composition of carbonates varies widely, ranging from -60 parts per thousand to +26 parts per thousand, indicating complex carbon sources that include C-13-depleted microbial and thermogenic methane and residual, C-13-enriched, bicarbonate. A similarly large variability of delta O-18 values (-5.5 parts per thousand to +8.9 parts per thousand) demonstrates the geochemical complexity of these sites, with some samples pointing toward an O-18-enriched oxygen source possibly related to advection of O-18-enriched formation water or to the decomposition of gas hydrate. Samples depleted in O-18 are consistent with formation deeper in the sediment or mixing of pore fluids with meteoric water during carbonate precipitation. A wide range of isotopic and mineralogical variation in authigenic carbonate composition within individual study areas but common trends across multiple geographic areas suggest that these parameters alone are not indicative for certain tectonic or geochemical settings. Rather, the observed variations probably reflect local controls on the flux of carbon and other reduced ions, such as faults, fluid conduits, the presence or absence of gas hydrate in the sediment, and the temporal evolution of the local carbon reservoir. Areas with seafloor carbonates that indicate formation at greater depth below the sediment-water interface must have undergone uplift and erosion in the past or are still being uplifted. Consequently, the occurrence of carbonate slabs on the seafloor in areas of active hydrocarbon seepage is commonly an indicator of exhumation following carbonate precipitation in the shallow subsurface. Therefore, careful petrographic and geochemical analyses are critical components necessary for the correct interpretation of processes related to hydrocarbon seepage in continental margin environments and elsewhere. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. Univ Texas, Bur Econ Geol, Austin, TX 78713 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Statoil, Stavanger, Norway. Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. USGS, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. RP Naehr, TH (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, 6300 Ocean Dr, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. EM thomas.naehr@tamucc.edu RI Naehr, Thomas/C-2958-2008; Eichhubl, Peter/A-2600-2009; Orphan, Victoria/K-1002-2014 OI Eichhubl, Peter/0000-0002-2729-776X; Orphan, Victoria/0000-0002-5374-6178 NR 77 TC 96 Z9 109 U1 5 U2 35 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2007 VL 54 IS 11-13 BP 1268 EP 1291 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.04.010 PG 24 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 214QS UT WOS:000249753800007 ER PT J AU Hein, JR Zierenberg, RA Maynard, JB Hannington, MD AF Hein, James R. Zierenberg, Robert A. Maynard, J. Barry Hannington, Mark D. TI Barite-forming environments along a rifted continental margin, Southern California Borderland SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE barite; Southern California Borderland; rifted margin; S and Sr isotopes; deep-seated fluids ID SULFUR ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; MICROBIAL SULFATE REDUCTION; MIOCENE MONTEREY FORMATION; DE-FUCA RIDGE; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; STRATIFORM BARITE; SILICA CHIMNEYS; DEPOSITS; CARBONATE; SULFIDE AB The Southern California Continental Borderland (SCCB) is part of the broad San Andreas transform-fault plate boundary that consists of a series of fault-bounded, petroleum-generating basins. The SCCB has high heat flow and geothermal gradients produced by thinned continental crust and Neogene volcanism. Barite deposits in the SCCB occur along faults. Barite samples from two sea-cliff sites and four offshore sites in the SCCB were analyzed for mineralogy, chemical (54 elements) and isotopic (S, Sr) compositions, and petrography. Barite from Palos Verdes (PV) Peninsula sea-cliff outcrops is hosted by the Miocene Monterey Formation and underlying basalt; carbonate rocks from those outcrops were analyzed for C, O, and Sr isotopes and the basalt for S isotopes. Cold-seep barite from Monterey Bay, California was analyzed for comparison. SCCB offshore samples occur at water depths from about 500 to 1800 m. Those barites vary significantly in texture and occurrence, from friable, highly porous actively growing seafloor mounds to dense, brecciated, vein barite. This latter type of barite contrasts with cold-seep barite in being much more coarse grained, forms thick veins in places, and completely replaced rock clasts in breccia. The barite samples range from 94 to 99 wt% BaSO4, with low trace-element contents, except for high Sr, Zr, Br, U, and Hg concentrations compared to their crustal abundances. delta S-34 for SCCB offshore barites range from 21.6 parts per thousand to 67.4 parts per thousand, and for PV barite from 62 parts per thousand to 70 parts per thousand. Pyrite from PV sea-cliff basalt and sedimentary rocks that host the barites averages 7.8 parts per thousand and 2.2 parts per thousand, respectively. Two offshore barite samples have delta S-34 values (21.6 parts per thousand, 22.1 parts per thousand) close to that of modern seawater sulfate, whereas all other samples are enriched to strongly enriched in S-34. Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios for the barites vary over a narrow range of 0.70830-0.70856 and are much lower than that of modern seawater and also lower than the middle Miocene seawater ratio, the time of deposition of the host rocks for the PV samples. This indicates that the mineralizing fluids were not unaltered seawater. We develop a model in which the barites precipitated both below the sediment-water interface and at the seafloor from low-temperature fluids that circulated along faults. The isotopic, chemical, and textural data indicate that the barites formed by several processes. Mesozoic and Cenozoic basement rocks (crystalline and overlying sedimentary rocks), Quaternary basin fill, turbidite fans, and seawater provided various elements for the barites in different environments. The fluids had a deep-seated source and were hydrothermal in the deeper parts of the system for all the barite types, including the seafloor cold-seep deposit, based on Sr isotopes and regional geothermal gradients. These deep-seated fluids mixed with other fluids as they ascended, including seawater at and near the seafloor. The high delta S-34 values may have resulted from extreme Rayleigh fractionation during bacterially mediated (semi)closed-system sulfate reduction, probably driven by the flux of methane- and hydrocarbon-bearing fluids through basement rocks and basin sediments. Early diagenetic dolomite and pyrite in the host Monterey Formation in the PV Headland also formed in a zone of sulfate reduction, but within sediment buried only centimeters to a few meters and with a predominantly seawater source for the sulfur. Dolomite occurring with vein barite in the PV Headland formed at temperatures in the range of 40-90 degrees C. The cold-seep barites have delta S-34 values near that of modern seawater, although still somewhat fractionated. The barites that precipitated below the sediment-water interface have higher delta S-34 values, suggesting that the fluids were relatively reduced with molar dissolved barium in excess of dissolved sulfate. Those samples were exposed at the seafloor by uplift along faults and are composed predominantly of massive, brecciated, and vein barite. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Ottawa, Dept Earth Sci, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. RP Hein, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jhein@usgs.gov RI Zierenberg, Robert/F-9329-2012 OI Zierenberg, Robert/0000-0001-9384-7355 NR 75 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2007 VL 54 IS 11-13 BP 1327 EP 1349 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.04.011 PG 23 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 214QS UT WOS:000249753800010 ER PT J AU Piper, DZ Perkins, RB Rowe, HD AF Piper, D. Z. Perkins, R. B. Rowe, H. D. TI Rare-earth elements in the Permian Phosphoria Formation: Paleo proxies of ocean geochemistry SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE rare earth elements; sedimentary phosphate deposit; Phosphoria Formation; trace elements ID NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; BLACK-SEA; FERROMANGANESE NODULES; SUSPENDED PARTICLES; MARGIN SEDIMENTS; CARIACO TRENCH; UNITED-STATES; WATER-COLUMN; ANOXIC BASIN; PERU MARGIN AB The geochemistry of deposition of the Meade Peak Member of the Phosphoria Formation (MPM) in southeast Idaho, USA, a world-class sedimentary phosphate deposit of Permian age that extends over 300,000 km(2), is ascertained from its rare earth element (REE) composition. Ratios of REE:Al(2)O(3) suggest two sources-seawater and terrigenous debris. The seawater-derived marine fraction identifies bottom water in the Phosphoria Sea as O(2)-depleted, denitrifying (suboxic) most of the time, and seldom sulfate-reducing (anoxic). This interpretation is supported by earlier research that showed progressively greater ratios in the marine sediment fraction of Cr:Ni > V:Ni >> Mo:Ni, relative to their ratios in seawater; for which marine Cr, V, and Mo can have a dominantly O(2)-depleted bottom-water source and Ni a photic-zone, largely algal, source. The water chemistry was maintained by a balance between bacterial oxidation of organic matter settling through the water column, determined largely by primary productivity in the photic zone, and the flux of oxidants into the bottom water via advection of seawater from the open ocean. Samples strongly enriched in carbonate fluorapatite, the dominant REE host mineral, have variable Er/Sm, Tm/Sm, and Yb/Sm ratios. Their distribution may represent greater advection of seawater between the Phosphoria Sea and open ocean during deposition of two ore zones than a center waste and greater upwelling of nutrient-enriched water into the photic zone. However, the mean rate of deposition of marine Ni, a trace nutrient of algae, and PO(4)(3-), a limiting nutrient, indicate that primary productivity was probably high throughout the depositional history. An alternative interpretation of the variable enrichments of Er, Tm, and Yb, relative to Sm, is that they may reflect temporally variable carbonate alkalinity of open-ocean seawater in Permian time. A more strongly negative Ce anomaly for all phosphatic units than the Ce anomaly of modern pelletal phosphate is further indicative of an elevated O(2) concentration in the Permo-Carboniferous open ocean, as proposed by others, in contrast to the depletion of O(2) in the bottom water of the Phosphoria Sea itself. The oceanographic conditions under which the deposit accumulated were likely similar to conditions under which many sedimentary phosphate deposits have accumulated and to conditions under which many black shales that are commonly phosphate poor have accumulated. A shortcoming of several earlier studies of these deposits has resulted from a failure to examine the marine fraction of elements separate from the terrigenous fraction. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Portland State Univ, Dept Geol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Geol Sci, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Piper, DZ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dzpiper@usgs.gov OI Rowe, Harry/0000-0002-1665-6261 NR 90 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2007 VL 54 IS 11-13 BP 1396 EP 1413 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.04.012 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 214QS UT WOS:000249753800014 ER PT J AU Ruggerone, GT Nielsen, JL Bumgarner, J AF Ruggerone, G. T. Nielsen, J. L. Bumgarner, J. TI Linkages between Alaskan sockeye salmon abundance, growth at sea, and climate, 1955-2002 SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT GLOBEC Symposium on Effects of Climate Variability on Sub-Arctic Marine Ecosystems CY MAY 16-20, 2005 CL Victoria, CANADA DE salmon; growth; survival; competition; climate change; North Pacific Ocean ID NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; EASTERN BERING-SEA; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; FISH PRODUCTION; SURVIVAL RATES; CHINOOK SALMON; MARINE GROWTH; PHYSICAL-ENVIRONMENT; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; TROPHIC DYNAMICS AB We tested the hypothesis that increased growth of salmon during early marine life contributed to greater survival and abundance of salmon following the 1976/1977 climate regime shift and that this, in turn. led to density-dependent reductions in growth during late marine stages. Annual measurements of Bristol Bay (Bering Sea) and Chignik (Gulf of Alaska) sockeye salmon scale growth from 1955 to 2002 were used as indices of body growth. During the first and second years at sea, growth of both stocks tended to be higher after the 1976-1977 climate shift, whereas growth during the third year and homeward migration was often below average. Multiple regression models indicated that return per spawner of Bristol Bay sockeye salmon and adult abundance of western and central Alaska sockeye salmon were positively correlated with growth during the first 2 years at sea and negatively correlated with growth during later life stages. After accounting for competition between Bristol Bay sockeye and Asian pink salmon, age-specific adult length of Bristol Bay salmon increased after the 1976-1977 regime shift, then decreased after the 1989 climate shift. Late marine growth and age-specific adult length of Bristol Bay salmon was exceptionally low after 1989, possibly reducing their reproductive potential. These findings support the hypothesis that greater marine growth during the first 2 years at sea contributed to greater salmon survival and abundance, which in turn led to density-dependent growth during later life stages when size-related mortality was likely lower. Our findings provide new evidence supporting the importance of bottom-up control in marine ecosystems and highlight the complex dynamics of species interactions that continually change as salmon grow and mature in the ocean. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ruggerone, G. T.] Nat Resources Consultants, Seattle, WA 98119 USA. [Nielsen, J. L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Office Biol Sci, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Bumgarner, J.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Snake River Lab, Dayton, WA 99328 USA. RP Ruggerone, GT (reprint author), Nat Resources Consultants, 1900 W Nickerson St, Seattle, WA 98119 USA. EM GRuggerone@nrccorp.com NR 84 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2007 VL 54 IS 23-26 BP 2776 EP 2793 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.08.016 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 251PK UT WOS:000252385500021 ER PT B AU Dowsett, HJ AF Dowsett, H. J. BE Williams, M Haywood, AM Gregory, FJ Schmidt, DN TI The PRISM palaeoclimate reconstruction and Pliocene sea-surface temperature SO DEEP-TIME PERSPECTIVES ON CLIMATE CHANGE: MARRYING THE SIGNAL FROM COMPUTER MODELS AND BIOLOGICAL PROXIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; SOUTHERN VICTORIA LAND; DRY VALLEYS REGION; MIDDLE PLIOCENE; TRANSANTARCTIC MOUNTAINS; JOINT INVESTIGATIONS; GRAPHIC CORRELATION; ALPINE-GLACIATION; EARLY PLEISTOCENE; SORSDAL FORMATION AB In this paper, I present a summary of the Pliocene Research, Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping (PRISM) palaeoenvironmental reconstruction, with emphasis on its historical development and range of boundary condition datasets. Sea-surface temperature (SST), sea level, sea ice, land cover (vegetation and ice) and topography are discussed as well as many of the assumptions required to create an integrated global-scale reconstruction. New multiproxy research shows good general agreement on the magnitude of mid-Pliocene SST warming. Future directions, including maximum and minimum SST analyses and deep ocean temperature estimates aimed at a full three-dimensional reconstruction, are presented. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Dowsett, HJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM hdowsett@usgs.gov OI Dowsett, Harry/0000-0003-1983-7524 NR 117 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 7 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-86239-240-3 PY 2007 BP 459 EP 480 PG 22 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA BQD44 UT WOS:000280735300021 ER PT J AU Bernard, D Hansen, JD Du Pasquier, L Lefranc, MP Benmansour, A Boudinot, P AF Bernard, David Hansen, John D. Du Pasquier, Louis Lefranc, Marie-Paule Benmansour, Abdenour Boudinot, Pierre TI Costimulatory receptors in jawed vertebrates: Conserved CD28, odd CTLA4 and multiple BTLAs SO DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CD28; CTLA4; BTLA; evolution of costimulatory receptors; teleosts ID T-CELL-ACTIVATION; HERPESVIRUS ENTRY MEDIATOR; LYMPHOCYTE ATTENUATOR; INHIBITORY RECEPTOR; NEGATIVE REGULATOR; TELEOST FISH; B-LYMPHOCYTE; PD-1; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; SUPERFAMILY AB CD28 family of costimulatory receptors is comprised of molecules with a single V-type extracellular Ig domain, a transmembrane and an intracytoplasmic region with signaling motifs. CD28 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA4) homologs have been recently identified in rainbow trout. Other sequences similar to mammalian CD28 family members have now been identified using teleost, Xenopus and chicken databases. CD28- and CTLA4 homologs were found in all vertebrate classes whereas inducible costimulatory signal (ICOS) was restricted to tetrapods, and programmed cell death-1 (PD1) was limited to mammals and chicken. Multiple B and T Lymphocyte Attenuator (BTLA) sequences were found in teleosts, but not in Xenopus or in avian genomes. The intron/exon structure of btlas was different from that of cd28 and other members of the family. The Ig domain encoded in all the btla genes has features of the C-type structure, which suggests that BTLA does not belong to the CD28 family. The genomic localization of these genes in vertebrate genomes supports the split between the BTLA and CD28 families. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 INRA, Unite Virol & Immunol Mol, F-78352 Jouy En Josas, France. USGS Biol Resources Div, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Pathobiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Basel, Inst Zool & Evolutionary Biol, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland. Univ Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France. CNRS, UPR 1142, LIGM, IGH,IMGT, Montpellier, France. RP Boudinot, P (reprint author), INRA, Unite Virol & Immunol Mol, F-78352 Jouy En Josas, France. EM Pierre.Boudinot@jouy.inra.fr RI boudinot, pierre/L-4246-2016 NR 38 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0145-305X J9 DEV COMP IMMUNOL JI Dev. Comp. Immunol. PY 2007 VL 31 IS 3 BP 255 EP 271 DI 10.1016/j.dci.2006.06.003 PG 17 WC Immunology; Zoology SC Immunology; Zoology GA 131KB UT WOS:000243866600005 PM 16928399 ER PT J AU Palti, Y Rodriguez, MF Gahr, SA Hansen, JD AF Palti, Y. Rodriguez, M. F. Gahr, S. A. Hansen, J. D. TI Evolutionary history of the ABCB2 genomic region in teleosts SO DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ABCB2; duplication; MHC; genomic sequence; teleost; Oncorhynchus mykiss ID MHC CLASS-I; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT; ANCESTRAL VERTEBRATE; ORYZIAS-LATIPES; FUGU-RUBRIPES; DANIO-RERIO; GENE MAP; DUPLICATION AB Gene duplication, silencing and translocation have all been implicated in shaping the unique genomic architecture of the teleost MH regions. Previously, we demonstrated that trout possess five unlinked regions encoding MH genes. One of these regions harbors ABCB2 which in all other vertebrate classes is found in the MHC class II region. In this study, we sequenced a BAC contig for the trout ABCB2 region. Analysis of this region revealed the presence of genes homologous to those located in the human class II (ABCB2, BRD2, psi DAA), extended class II (RGL2, PHF1, SYGP1) and class III (PBX2, Notch-L) regions. The organization and syntenic relationships of this region were then compared to similar regions in humans, Tetraodon and zebrafish to learn more about the evolutionary history of this region. Our analysis indicates that this region was generated during the teleost-specific duplication event while also providing insight about potential MH paralogous regions in teleosts. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Univ Washington, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, USGS Biol Resources Div, Dept Pathobiol, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Palti, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM yniv.palti@ars.usda.gov NR 63 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-305X EI 1879-0089 J9 DEV COMP IMMUNOL JI Dev. Comp. Immunol. PY 2007 VL 31 IS 5 BP 483 EP 498 DI 10.1016/j.dci.2006.07.010 PG 16 WC Immunology; Zoology SC Immunology; Zoology GA 142UA UT WOS:000244674500006 PM 17055577 ER PT B AU Kelley, KD Kelley, DL AF Kelley, Karen D. Kelley, David L. BE Andrew, CJ TI Future directions in exploration geochemistry research: Pursuit of the far-field features of mineral deposits SO DIGGING DEEPER, VOLS 1 AND 2: DIGGING DEEPER LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Biennial Meeting of the Society for Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits CY AUG 20-23, 2007 CL Dublin, IRELAND SP Irish Assoc Econom Geol, Soc Econom Geologists DE concealed deposits; geochemical exploration AB Future research in exploration geochemistry should focus on developing and further documenting unconventional methods for the detection of concealed mineral deposits. Geochemical attributes that can be recognized beyond the obvious limits of the deposits may be considered far-field features of ore deposits. They can be primary, if formed during mineralization, or secondary, if formed after the mineralizing process, as a result of weathering. Research should focus on understanding the formation, consistency, and the scale of far-field features. Three specific avenues of research are suggested: (a) determining a genetic link between primary far-field features and ore deposits, (b) understanding the processes that lead to secondary far-field features, and (c) documenting the scale and footprint of primary and secondary features. Incorporation of methods for detecting far-field features into field-based exploration programs may increase the probability of success, especially in covered terrains. C1 [Kelley, Karen D.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Kelley, KD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS964, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IRISH ASSOC ECON GEOL PI DUBLIN 4 PA BEGGARS BUSH, HADDINGTON RD, DUBLIN 4, 00000, IRELAND PY 2007 BP 63 EP 66 PG 4 WC Geology; Mineralogy SC Geology; Mineralogy GA BRV93 UT WOS:000283766800016 ER PT B AU Doebrich, JL Ludington, S Peters, SG Finn, CA Mars, JC Rowan, LC Stoeser, DB King, TM Eppinger, RG Wasy, A Younusi, MO AF Doebrich, J. L. Ludington, S. Peters, S. G. Finn, C. A. Mars, J. C. Rowan, L. C. Stoeser, D. B. King, T. M. Eppinger, R. G. Wasy, A. Younusi, M. O. BE Andrew, CJ TI Porphyry Copper Potential of Tethyan Magmatic Arcs of Afghanistan SO DIGGING DEEPER, VOLS 1 AND 2: DIGGING DEEPER LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Biennial Meeting of the Society for Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits CY AUG 20-23, 2007 CL Dublin, IRELAND SP Irish Assoc Econom Geol, Soc Econom Geologists DE Porphyry copper; Afghanistan; Tethys; magmatic arc AB Triassic, Cretaceous, and Palaeogene to Miocene intrusive and volcanic rocks represent areas where porphyry copper deposits may exist in Tethyan magmatic arcs in Afghanistan. A synthesis of geologic, mineral deposit, aerogeophysical, remote sensing, and geochemical data delineates regions permissive for undiscovered porphyry copper deposits. The Makran arc, Zarkashan, and Kundaylan regions have the greatest potential for undiscovered porphyry copper deposits. Concealed segments of magmatic arcs in southern Afghanistan, defined from aeromagnetic data, also represent prospective targets for exploration. C1 [Doebrich, J. L.; Ludington, S.; Peters, S. G.; Finn, C. A.; Mars, J. C.; Rowan, L. C.; Stoeser, D. B.; King, T. M.; Eppinger, R. G.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Doebrich, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IRISH ASSOC ECON GEOL PI DUBLIN 4 PA BEGGARS BUSH, HADDINGTON RD, DUBLIN 4, 00000, IRELAND PY 2007 BP 129 EP 132 PG 4 WC Geology; Mineralogy SC Geology; Mineralogy GA BRV93 UT WOS:000283766800032 ER PT B AU Miller, ML Bradley, DC Goldfarb, RJ Bundtzen, TK AF Miller, M. L. Bradley, D. C. Goldfarb, R. J. Bundtzen, T. K. BE Andrew, CJ TI Tectonic setting of Late Cretaceous gold and mercury metallogenesis, Kuskokwim Mineral Belt, southwestern Alaska, USA SO DIGGING DEEPER, VOLS 1 AND 2: DIGGING DEEPER LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Biennial Meeting of the Society for Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits CY AUG 20-23, 2007 CL Dublin, IRELAND SP Irish Assoc Econom Geol, Soc Econom Geologists DE southwestern Alaska; strike-slip tectonics; gold; mercury; late Cretaceous ID DEPOSIT AB A significant and widespread metallogenic episode in southwestern Alaska occurred over a short time period at similar to 70 Ma. Gold and mercury mineralization took place in a continental-margin back-arc that was the site of strike-slip faulting. Possible regional tectonic controls of ore formation during that time include low-angle subduction, slab breakoff, opening of a slab window related to ridge subduction, and tectonic extrusion, the last being our preferred model. C1 [Miller, M. L.; Bradley, D. C.; Goldfarb, R. J.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Miller, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IRISH ASSOC ECON GEOL PI DUBLIN 4 PA BEGGARS BUSH, HADDINGTON RD, DUBLIN 4, 00000, IRELAND PY 2007 BP 683 EP 686 PG 4 WC Geology; Mineralogy SC Geology; Mineralogy GA BRV93 UT WOS:000283766800166 ER PT B AU Hofstra, AH Emsbo, P AF Hofstra, Albert H. Emsbo, Poul BE Andrew, CJ TI Role of Reduced Sedimentary Rocks in Formation of the Great Basin Gold Province: Implications for Exploration in Analogous Settings SO DIGGING DEEPER, VOLS 1 AND 2: DIGGING DEEPER LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Biennial Meeting of the Society for Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits CY AUG 20-23, 2007 CL Dublin, IRELAND SP Irish Assoc Econom Geol, Soc Econom Geologists DE Great Basin; reduced sedimentary rocks; sulphide complexes; gold; Nevada ID SILVER DEPOSIT; EVOLUTION; NEVADA; GENESIS; BINGHAM; UTAH; ORE AB The array of gold deposit types (sedex, orogenic, reduced intrusion-related, porphyry-distal disseminated, Carlin-type, epithermal) and amount of gold (similar to 9800 t) in the Great Basin is remarkable. It constitutes a "sulphide-gold suite" that reflects the ability of reduced sedimentary rocks to shift the redox and sulphidation state of diverse fluids to conditions that facilitate gold transport by sulphide complexes (convergent evolution). The key lithologies implicated in these systems are carbonate and/or siliciclastic sedimentary rocks that typically contain pyrite and carbon and little or no reactive Fe, from which S was frequently derived. Recognition of the potential impact of such reduced rocks on various hydrothermal systems provides a practical geochemical process indicator for exploration that compliments the requisite geologic frameworks. In other passive margin settings with long and complex histories, the presence of reduced sedimentary rocks increases the probability that gold deposits of different types and ages will be present, particularly along reactivated structures in mineral belts. C1 [Hofstra, Albert H.; Emsbo, Poul] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Hofstra, AH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS-973,Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU IRISH ASSOC ECON GEOL PI DUBLIN 4 PA BEGGARS BUSH, HADDINGTON RD, DUBLIN 4, 00000, IRELAND PY 2007 BP 691 EP 694 PG 4 WC Geology; Mineralogy SC Geology; Mineralogy GA BRV93 UT WOS:000283766800168 ER PT B AU Emsbo, P Koenig, AE AF Emsbo, P. Koenig, A. E. BE Andrew, CJ TI Transport of Au in petroleum: Evidence from the northern Carlin trend, Nevada SO DIGGING DEEPER, VOLS 1 AND 2: DIGGING DEEPER LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Biennial Meeting of the Society for Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits CY AUG 20-23, 2007 CL Dublin, IRELAND SP Irish Assoc Econom Geol, Soc Econom Geologists DE bitumen; gold; petroleum; Sedex Au; Nevada AB Laser ablation ICP-MS analyses reveal that bitumen in the Upper Zone of the Rodeo deposit contains up to 100 ppm Au, 0.7%V, and ca. 0.1% (Ni, As, Hg, Cu). This represents a previously unrecognized type of Au mineralization in the world's third largest Au producing district. Recent studies of the Rodeo deposit have shown that the deposit contains both Devonian sedimentary exhalative (Sedex) Au and Eocene Carlin type mineralization. Sedex Au ore with up to 68 g/t Au is stratabound in the Devonian Upper Mud Member (UM) of the Popovich Fm. The UM is a carbonaceous mudstone that regionally contains 5-15% TOC. Burial diagenesis with emplacement of the Roberts Mountain Allochthon in early Mississippian time caused these carbonaceous ores to generate petroleum. Petroleum, now bitumen, occurs as veins that cut the Sedex mineralization. Laser ablation ICP-MS line scans across bitumen grains reveal two distributions of gold. A homogeneous signal suggests that gold and related elements are chemically bound in the bitumen. Some samples display a heterogeneous Au signal with discreet Au spikes indicating, as observed petrographically, micro-inclusions of native Au. Bitumen occasionally contains grains of cinnabar, pyrite, base metal sulphides, and native Au (<1 urn). Gold and related trace elements show no enrichment on outer margins of bitumen grains. This along with (1) the distinct chemical signature, (2) paragenetic relationships that constrain Au-rich bitumen to a Mississippian age, (3) the absence of hydrothermal alteration, and (4) the lack of Au in bitumen from high-grade Carlin ore outside the Sedex Au horizon all suggests that metal enrichments are not the result of Carlin hydrothermal fluids. Together these relationships suggest that Au and associated metals were remobilized and transported from Sedex mineralization in petroleum as organo-metallic compounds during oil generation and migration. The Au concentration in bitumen in rocks containing up to 15 % TOC suggest that substantial amounts of Sedex Au were remobilized during petroleum formation/migration and that a proportion of the Au mined from the Rodeo resides in bitumen. These observations demonstrate a new environment and mechanism of Au transport with significant implications for Au metallogeny. C1 [Emsbo, P.; Koenig, A. E.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Emsbo, P (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IRISH ASSOC ECON GEOL PI DUBLIN 4 PA BEGGARS BUSH, HADDINGTON RD, DUBLIN 4, 00000, IRELAND PY 2007 BP 695 EP 698 PG 4 WC Geology; Mineralogy SC Geology; Mineralogy GA BRV93 UT WOS:000283766800169 ER PT B AU Foley, NK Ayuso, RA Seal, RR AF Foley, N. K. Ayuso, R. A. Seal, R. R., II BE Andrew, CJ TI Gold Deposits in the Avalonian Tectonic zone of the Southeastern United States SO DIGGING DEEPER, VOLS 1 AND 2: DIGGING DEEPER LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Biennial Meeting of the Society for Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits CY AUG 20-23, 2007 CL Dublin, IRELAND SP Irish Assoc Econom Geol, Soc Econom Geologists DE gold; pyrite; volcanogenic; genesis; Avalonia ID CAROLINA SLATE BELT; ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY AB Gold- and iron sulphide-bearing deposits of the southeastern United States have distinctive mineralogical and geochemical features that provide a basis to construct models of ore genesis that may be used in the assessment of gold resources. The largest known gold deposits of the region, including subvolcanic quartz porphyry, volcanic-sedimentary rock-hosted, and shear-zone-hosted styles of gold mineralization, are primarily hosted by rocks that share a geologic affinity to the classic Avalonian tectonic zone. C1 [Foley, N. K.; Ayuso, R. A.; Seal, R. R., II] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Foley, NK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Mailstop 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IRISH ASSOC ECON GEOL PI DUBLIN 4 PA BEGGARS BUSH, HADDINGTON RD, DUBLIN 4, 00000, IRELAND PY 2007 BP 699 EP 702 PG 4 WC Geology; Mineralogy SC Geology; Mineralogy GA BRV93 UT WOS:000283766800170 ER PT B AU Dusel-Bacon, C Slack, JF Belkin, HE AF Dusel-Bacon, Cynthia Slack, John F. Belkin, Harvey E. BE Andrew, CJ TI The magmatic to hydrothermal transition in peralkaline-hosted VMS systems: An example from the Bonnifield district, east-central Alaska, USA SO DIGGING DEEPER, VOLS 1 AND 2: DIGGING DEEPER LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Biennial Meeting of the Society for Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits CY AUG 20-23, 2007 CL Dublin, IRELAND SP Irish Assoc Econom Geol, Soc Econom Geologists DE Bonnifield district; peralkaline rhyolite; VMS deposits; yttrobetafite; bastnasite AB Peralkaline metarhyolites that host volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposits in the Bonnifield district, Alaska, have elevated high-field-strength-element (HFSE) and rare-earth-element (REE) contents. Herein we identify the accessory minerals that contain these trace elements and use textural relationships to propose that magmatically-derived hydrothermal deposition of HFSE and REE minerals (Nb-rutile, yttrobetafite, bastnasite-(Ce), xenotime) overlapped with precipitation of submarine-hydrothermal Fe-Zn-Pb sulphides. Fluorite may have precipitated contemporaneously with the HFSE- and REE-rich minerals. Magmatic-hydrothermal fluids with abundant F and Cl (+/- CO(2) +/- S), mixed with non-magmatic Fe-, Zn-, Pb-, and S-rich fluids in the shallow subsurface, during seafloor VMS mineralization. Magmatic-hydrothermal fluids may have transported and deposited some of the base metals and sulfur in the Bonnifield VMS deposits C1 [Dusel-Bacon, Cynthia] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Dusel-Bacon, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 901, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IRISH ASSOC ECON GEOL PI DUBLIN 4 PA BEGGARS BUSH, HADDINGTON RD, DUBLIN 4, 00000, IRELAND PY 2007 BP 1045 EP 1048 PG 4 WC Geology; Mineralogy SC Geology; Mineralogy GA BRV93 UT WOS:000283766800253 ER PT S AU Grejner-Brzezinska, DA Hong, CK Wielgosz, P Hothem, L AF Grejner-Brzezinska, D. A. Hong, C-K. Wielgosz, P. Hothem, L. BE Tregoning, P Rizos, C TI The impact of severe ionospheric conditions on the GPS hardware in the Southern Polar Region SO DYNAMIC PLANET: MONITORING AND UNDERSTANDING A DYNAMIC PLANET WITH GEODETIC AND OCEANOGRAPHIC TOOLS SE International Association of Geodesy Symposia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IAG Symposium on Dynamic Planet CY AUG 22-26, 2005 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA SP IAG DE ionospheric effects on GPS; GPS hardware; GPS signal tracking conditions AB The primary objective of this paper is to present results of an experiment to determine the effects of moderate and severe ionospheric conditions on the GPS signal tracking by different L1/L2 receivers operating in the Southern Polar region. In this study, data collected by the Ohio State University (OSU) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) joint team within the TAMDEF (Transantarctic Mountains Deformation) network were used together with the IGS and UNAVCO Antarctic stations. Seventeen Antarctic stations equipped with different dual-frequency GPS hardware were selected, and data were evaluated for two 24-hour periods of severe ionospheric storm (October 29th, 2003) and active ionospheric conditions (moderate storm of November 11th, 2003). The UNAVCO QC software was used to carry out the analyses. Depending on the data sampling rate and the elevation mask angle, the expected number of observations per receiver/satellite was compared to the actual number of measurements collected during the ionospheric storms, with a special emphasis on L2 data. Depending on the receiver model, the number of lost measurements during the severe ionospheric conditions ranged from 0.5% to 30.0%. In addition, the number of cycle slips (CS) per number of observations as a function of receiver model was computed; it shows great variation for different hardware. The possible variability of the ionospheric conditions at some of these sites (due to their separation) is considered in the conclusions. The results indicate that depending on the severity of ionospheric conditions, there is a significant difference in the impact on the operations of different hardware models. Thus, careful hardware selection is needed to assure data quality/continuity when observations may be affected by severe ionospheric disturbances. C1 [Grejner-Brzezinska, D. A.; Hong, C-K.; Wielgosz, P.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Geodet Sci, SPIN Lab, 470 Hitchcock Hall, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Hothem, L.] United States Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 521, Albany, NY 12201 USA. RP Grejner-Brzezinska, DA (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Geodet Sci, SPIN Lab, 470 Hitchcock Hall, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Wielgosz, Pawel/B-9966-2012; Symposia, IAG/K-2857-2012 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0939-9585 BN 978-3-540-49349-5 J9 IAG SYMP PY 2007 VL 130 BP 867 EP + PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Oceanography GA BFY17 UT WOS:000245419400122 ER PT J AU Clein, J McGuire, AD Euskirchen, ES Calef, M AF Clein, Joy McGuire, A. David Euskirchen, Eugenie S. Calef, Monika TI The effects of different climate input datasets on simulated carbon dynamics in the Western Arctic SO EARTH INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE arctic; boreal; carbon; ecosystem model; GPP; NEP; NPP; WALE ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2 MEASUREMENTS; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; HIGH-LATITUDES; NCEP-NCAR; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; EQUILIBRIUM RESPONSES; TUNDRA ECOSYSTEMS; PROJECTED CLIMATE; INTERIOR ALASKA; SENSITIVITY AB As part of the Western Arctic Linkage Experiment ( WALE), simulations of carbon dynamics in the western Arctic ( WALE region) were conducted during two recent decades by driving the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model ( TEM) with three alternative climate datasets. Among the three TEM simulations, we compared the mean monthly and interannual variability of three carbon fluxes: 1) net primary production ( NPP), 2) heterotrophic respiration ( Rh), and 3) net ecosystem production ( NEP). Cumulative changes in vegetation, soil, and total carbon storage among the simulations were also compared. This study supports the conclusion that the terrestrial carbon cycle is accelerating in the WALE region, with more rapid turnover of carbon for simulations driven by two of the three climates. The temperature differences among the climate datasets resulted in annual estimates of NPP and Rh that varied by a factor of 2.5 among the simulations. There is much spatial variability in the temporal trends of NPP and Rh across the region in the simulations driven by different climates, and the spatial pattern of trends is quite different among simulations. Thus, this study indicates that the overall response of NEP in simulations with TEM across the WALE region depends substantially on the temporal trends in the climate dataset used to drive the model. Similar to the recommendations of other studies in the WALE project, this study indicates that coupling methodologies should use anomalies of future climate model simulations to alter the climate of more trusted datasets for purposes of driving ecosystem models of carbon dynamics. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. SUNY Albany, Dept Geog & Planning, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP McGuire, AD (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ffadm@uaf.edu NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1087-3562 J9 EARTH INTERACT JI Earth Interact. PY 2007 VL 11 AR 12 DI 10.1175/EI229.1 PG 24 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 211ZJ UT WOS:000249562900001 ER PT J AU Kimball, JS Zhao, M McGuire, AD Heinsch, FA Clein, J Calef, M Jolly, WM Kang, S Euskirchen, SE McDonald, KC Running, SW AF Kimball, J. S. Zhao, M. McGuire, A. D. Heinsch, F. A. Clein, J. Calef, M. Jolly, W. M. Kang, S. Euskirchen, S. E. McDonald, K. C. Running, S. W. TI Recent climate-driven increases in vegetation productivity for the western Arctic: Evidence of an acceleration of the northern terrestrial carbon cycle SO EARTH INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE boreal forest; Arctic tundra; vegetation productivity; GPP; NPP; carbon cycle; AVHRR; BIOME-BGC; TEM; WALE ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; SOIL THERMAL DYNAMICS; HIGH-LATITUDES; FOREST PRODUCTIVITY; TUNDRA ECOSYSTEMS; PROJECTED CLIMATE; FIRE DISTURBANCE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; BOREAL FORESTS; DATA SET AB Northern ecosystems contain much of the global reservoir of terrestrial carbon that is potentially reactive in the context of near-term climate change. Annual variability and recent trends in vegetation productivity across Alaska and northwest Canada were assessed using a satellite remote sensing based production efficiency model and prognostic simulations of the terrestrial carbon cycle from the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM) and BIOME - BGC (BioGeoChemical Cycles) model. Evidence of a small, but widespread, positive trend in vegetation gross and net primary production (GPP and NPP) is found for the region from 1982 to 2000, coinciding with summer warming of more than 1.8 degrees C and subsequent relaxation of cold temperature constraints to plant growth. Prognostic model simulation results were generally consistent with the remote sensing record and also indicated that an increase in soil decomposition and plant-available nitrogen with regional warming was partially responsible for the positive productivity response. Despite a positive trend in litter inputs to the soil organic carbon pool, the model results showed evidence of a decline in less labile soil organic carbon, which represents approximately 75% of total carbon storage for the region. These results indicate that the regional carbon cycle may accelerate under a warming climate by increasing the fraction of total carbon storage in vegetation biomass and more rapid turnover of the terrestrial carbon reservoir. C1 Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Div Biol Sci, Polson, MT 59860 USA. Univ Montana, Numer Terradynam Simulat Grp, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Kimball, JS (reprint author), Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Div Biol Sci, Polson, MT 59860 USA. EM Johnk@ntsg.umt.edu RI Zhao, Maosheng/G-5706-2010 NR 80 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1087-3562 J9 EARTH INTERACT JI Earth Interact. PY 2007 VL 11 AR 4 PG 30 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 133LI UT WOS:000244014000001 ER PT J AU Rupp, TS Chen, X Olson, M McGuire, AD AF Rupp, T. Scott Chen, Xi Olson, Mark McGuire, A. David TI Sensitivity of simulated boreal fire dynamics to uncertainties in climate drivers SO EARTH INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE boreal forest; climate-fire relationships; transient vegetation model; vegetation dynamics ID CANADIAN FOREST-FIRES; SUB-ARCTIC VEGETATION; INTERIOR ALASKA; CARBON BALANCE; NCEP-NCAR; ECOSYSTEMS; MODEL; WILDFIRE; REGIMES; IMPACT AB Projected climatic warming has direct implications for future disturbance regimes, particularly fire-dominated ecosystems at high latitudes, where climate warming is expected to be most dramatic. It is important to ascertain the potential range of climate change impacts on terrestrial ecosystems, which is relevant to making projections of the response of the Earth system and to decisions by policymakers and land managers. Computer simulation models that explicitly model climate - fire relationships represent an important research tool for understanding and projecting future relationships. Retrospective model analyses of ecological models are important for evaluating how to effectively couple ecological models of fire dynamics with climate system models. This paper uses a transient landscape-level model of vegetation dynamics, Alaskan Frame-based Ecosystem Code ( ALFRESCO), to evaluate the influence of different driving datasets of climate on simulation results. Our analysis included the use of climate data based on first-order weather station observations from the Climate Research Unit (CRU), a statistical reanalysis from the NCEP - NCAR reanalysis project ( NCEP), and the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University - NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5). Model simulations of annual area burned for Alaska and western Canada were compared to historical fire activity ( 1950 - 2000). ALFRESCO was only able to generate reasonable simulation results when driven by the CRU climate data. Simulations driven by the NCEP and MM5 climate data produced almost no annual area burned because of substantially colder and wetter growing seasons ( May September) in comparison with the CRU climate data. The results of this study identify the importance of conducting retrospective analyses prior to coupling ecological models of fire dynamics with climate system models. The authors' suggestion is to develop coupling methodologies that involve the use of anomalies from future climate model simulations to alter the climate data of more trusted historical climate datasets. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Forest Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Rupp, TS (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Forest Sci, 368 ONeill Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM scott.rupp@uaf.edu NR 66 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1087-3562 J9 EARTH INTERACT JI Earth Interact. PY 2007 VL 11 AR 3 DI 10.1175/EI189.1 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 133LG UT WOS:000244013800001 ER PT S AU Chander, G Helder, DL Malla, R Micijevic, E Mettler, CJ AF Chander, Gyanesh Helder, Dennis L. Malla, Rimy Micijevic, Esad Mettler, Cory J. BE Butler, JJ Xiong, J TI Consistency of L4 TM absolute calibration with respect to the L5 TM sensor based on near-simultaneous image acquisition - art. no. 66770F SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XII CY AUG 26-28, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Landsat; TM; calibration; characterization; spectral bands; detectors; gain; bias; lookup table; IC; RSR; reflectance AB The Landsat archive provides more than 35 years of uninterrupted multispectral remotely sensed data of Earth observations. Since 1972, Landsat missions have carried different types of sensors, from the Return Beam Vidicon (RBV) camera to the Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+). However, the Thematic Mapper (TM) sensors on Landsat 4 (L4) and Landsat 5 (L5), launched in 1982 and 1984 respectively, are the backbone of an extensive archive. Effective April 2, 2007, the radiometric calibration of L5 TM data processed and distributed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Center for Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) was updated to use an improved lifetime gain model, based on the instrument's detector response to pseudo-invariant desert site data and cross-calibration with the L7 ETM+. However, no modifications were ever made to the radiometric calibration procedure of the Landsat 4 (L4) TM data. The L4 TM radiometric calibration procedure has continued to use the Internal Calibrator (IC) based calibration algorithms and the post calibration dynamic ranges, as previously defined. To evaluate the "current" absolute accuracy of these two sensors, image pairs from the L5 TM and L4 TM sensors were compared. The number of coincident image pairs in the USGS EROS archive is limited, so the scene selection for the cross-calibration studies proved to be a challenge. Additionally, because of the lack of near-simultaneous images available over well-characterized and traditionally used calibration sites, alternate sites that have high reflectance, large dynamic range, high spatial uniformity, high sun elevation, and minimal cloud cover were investigated. The alternate sites were identified in Yuma, Iraq, Egypt, Libya, and Algeria. The cross-calibration approach involved comparing image statistics derived from large common areas observed eight days apart by the two sensors. This paper summarizes the average percent differences in reflectance estimates obtained between the two sensors. The work presented in this paper is a first step in understanding the current performance of L4 TM absolute calibration and potentially serves as a platform to revise and improve the radiometric calibration procedures implemented for the processing of L4 TM data. C1 [Chander, Gyanesh; Micijevic, Esad] US Geol Survey, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Chander, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6825-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6677 BP F6770 EP F6770 DI 10.1117/12.734208 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Geology; Optics GA BGZ44 UT WOS:000251496500014 ER PT S AU Micijevic, E Chander, G AF Micijevic, Esad Chander, Gyanesh BE Butler, JJ Xiong, J TI Comparison of outgassing models for the Landsat Thematic Mapper sensors - art. no. 66770G SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XII CY AUG 26-28, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Landsat; Thematic Mapper (TM); outgassing; icing; contamination; radiometry; characterization; calibration AB The Thematic Mapper (TM) is a multi-spectral electro-optical sensor featured onboard both the Landsat 4 (L4) and Landsat 5 (L5) satellites. TM sensors have seven spectral bands with center wavelengths of approximately 0.49, 0.56, 0.66 0.83, 1.65, 11.5 and 2.21 mu m, respectively. The visible near-infrared (VNIR) bands are located on the primary focal plane (PFP), and two short-wave infrared (SWIR) bands and the thermal infrared (TIR) band are located on the cold focal plane (CFP). The CFP bands are maintained at cryogenic temperatures of about 91 K, to reduce thermal noise effects. Due to the cold temperature, an ice film accumulates on the CFP dewar window, which introduces oscillations in SWIR and an exponential decay in TIR band responses. This process is usually monitored and characterized by the detector responses to the internal calibrator (IC) lamps and the blackbody. The ice contamination on the dewar window is an effect of the sensor outgassing in a vacuum of the space environment. Outgassing models have been developed, which are based on the thin-film optical interference phenomenon. They provide the coefficients for correction for outgassing effects for the entire mission's lifetime. While the L4 TM ceased imaging in August 1993, the L5 TM continues to operate even after more than 23 years in orbit. The process of outgassing in L5 TM is still occurring, though at a much lower rate than during early years of mission. Although the L4 and L5 TM sensors are essentially identical, they exhibit slightly different responses to the outgassing effects. The work presented in the paper summarizes the results of modeling outgassing effects in each of the sensors and provides a detailed analysis of differences among the estimated modeling parameters. For both sensors, water ice was confirmed as a reasonable candidate for contaminant material, the contaminant growth rate was found to be gradually decreasing with the time since launch, and the indications exist that some film may remain after the CFP warm-up procedures, which are periodically initiated to remove accumulated contamination. The observed difference between the models could be contributed to differences in the operational history for the sensors, the content and amount of contaminant impurities, the sensor spectral filter responses, and the internal calibrator systems. C1 [Micijevic, Esad; Chander, Gyanesh] US Geol Survey, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Micijevic, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6825-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6677 BP G6770 EP G6770 DI 10.1117/12.735405 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Geology; Optics GA BGZ44 UT WOS:000251496500015 ER PT S AU Chander, G Angal, A Choi, TJ Meyer, DJ Xiong, XJ Teillet, PM AF Chander, Gyanesh Angal, Amit Choi, Taeyoung Jason Meyer, David J. Xiong, Xiaoxiong Jack Teillet, Philippe M. BE Butler, JJ Xiong, J TI Cross-calibration of the Terra MODIS, Landsat 7 ETM+ and EO-1 ALI sensors using near-simultaneous surface observation over the Railroad Valley Playa, Nevada, test site - art. no. 66770Y SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XII CY AUG 26-28, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Landsat 7 ETM+; Terra MODIS; EO-1 ALI; cross-calibration; spectral bands; gain; bias; relative spectral response; reflectance; Railroad Valley Playa ID REFLECTIVE SPECTRAL-DOMAIN; SATELLITE SENSORS AB A cross-calibration methodology has been developed using coincident image pairs from the Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), the Landsat 7 (L7) Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) and the Earth Observing EO-1 Advanced Land Imager (ALI) to verify the absolute radiometric calibration accuracy of these sensors with respect to each other. To quantify the effects due to different spectral responses, the Relative Spectral Responses (RSR) of these sensors were studied and compared by developing a set of "figures-of-merit." Seven cloud-free scenes collected over the Railroad Valley Playa, Nevada (RVPN), test site were used to conduct the cross-calibration study. This cross-calibration approach was based on image statistics from near-simultaneous observations made by different satellite sensors. Homogeneous regions of interest (ROI) were selected in the image pairs, and the mean target statistics were converted to absolute units of at-sensor reflectance. Using these reflectances, a set of cross-calibration equations were developed giving a relative gain and bias between the sensor pair. C1 [Chander, Gyanesh; Meyer, David J.] SAIC, USGS, EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Chander, G (reprint author), SAIC, USGS, EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RI Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)/J-9869-2012 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6825-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6677 BP Y6770 EP Y6770 DI 10.1117/12.734292 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Geology; Optics GA BGZ44 UT WOS:000251496500033 ER PT S AU Bickford, ME Wooden, JL Bauer, RL Schmitz, MD AF Bickford, Marion E. Wooden, Joseph L. Bauer, Robert L. Schmitz, Mark D. BE VanKranendonk, MJ Smithies, RH Bennett, VC TI PALEOARCHEAN GNEISSES IN THE MINNESOTA RIVER VALLEY AND NORTHERN MICHIGAN, USA SO EARTH'S OLDEST ROCKS SE Developments in Precambrian Geology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Bickford, Marion E.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Heroy Geol Lab, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Wooden, Joseph L.] Stanford Univ, US Geol Survey, Stanford US Geol Survey Ion Microprobe Facil, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Bauer, Robert L.] Univ Missouri, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Schmitz, Mark D.] Boise State Univ, Dept Geosci, Boise, ID 83725 USA. RP Bickford, ME (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Heroy Geol Lab, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. EM mebickfo@syr.edu; jwooden@usgs.gov; bauerr@missouri.edu; markschmitz@boisestate.edu NR 0 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-2635 BN 978-0-08-055247-7 J9 DEV PREC G PY 2007 VL 15 BP 731 EP 750 DI 10.1016/S0166-2635(07)15061-1 PG 20 WC Geology SC Geology GA BCM48 UT WOS:000310707600028 ER PT J AU Belnap, J Phillips, SL Herrick, JE Johansen, JR AF Belnap, J. Phillips, S. L. Herrick, J. E. Johansen, J. R. TI Wind erodibility of soils at Fort Irwin, California (Mojave Desert), USA, before and after trampling disturbance: implications for land management SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE biological soil crusts; cyanobacteria; desert; soil aggregate; wind erosion; soil erosion ID THRESHOLD VELOCITIES; COLORADO PLATEAU; EROSION; CRUSTS; DEGRADATION; SANDY; DUST; AREA AB Recently disturbed and 'control' (i.e. less recently disturbed) soils in the Mojave Desert were compared for their vulnerability to wind erosion, using a wind tunnel, before and after being experimentally trampled. Before trampling, control sites had greater cyanobacterial biomass, soil surface stability, threshold friction velocities (TFV; i.e. the wind speed required to move soil particles), and sediment yield than sites that had been more recently disturbed by military manoeuvres. After trampling, all sites showed a large drop in TFVs and a concomitant increase in sediment yield. Simple correlation analyses showed that the decline in TFVs and the rise in sediment yield were significantly related to cyanobacterial biomass (as indicated by soil chlorophyll a). However, chlorophyll a amounts were very low compared to chlorophyll a amounts found at cooler desert sites, where chlorophyll a is often the most important factor in determining TFV and sediment yield. Multiple regression analyses showed that other factors at Fort Irwin were more important than cyanobacterial biomass in determining the overall site susceptibility to wind erosion. These factors included soil texture (especially the fine, medium and coarse sand fractions), rock cover, and the inherent stability of the soil (as indicated by subsurface soil stability tests). Thus, our results indicate that there is a threshold of biomass below which cyanobacterial crusts are not the dominant factor in soil vulnerability to wind erosion. Most undisturbed soil surfaces in the Mojave Desert region produce very little sediment, but even moderate disturbance increases soil loss from these sites. Because current weathering rates and dust inputs are very low, soil formation rates are low as well. Therefore, soil loss in this region is likely to have long-term effects. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. New Mexico State Univ, USDA, ARS, Journada Expt Stn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. John Carroll Univ, Dept Biol, University Hts, OH 44118 USA. RP Belnap, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, 2290 S West Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM jayne_belnap@usgs.gov RI Johansen, Jeff/F-5616-2011 NR 34 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 31 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1 BP 75 EP 84 DI 10.1002/esp.1372 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 128YQ UT WOS:000243696000006 ER PT J AU Zhuang, Q Melillo, JM McGuire, AD Kicklighter, DW Prinn, RG Steudler, PA Felzer, BS Hu, S AF Zhuang, Q. Melillo, J. M. McGuire, A. D. Kicklighter, D. W. Prinn, R. G. Steudler, P. A. Felzer, B. S. Hu, S. TI Net emissions of CH4 and CO2 in Alaska: Implications for the region's greenhouse gas budget SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Alaska ( USA); global warming potential; greenhouse gas budget; methane consumption and emissions; methanogenesis; methanotrophy ID SOIL THERMAL DYNAMICS; CARBON BALANCE; METHANE FLUXES; FOREST SOILS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TAIGA FOREST; TUNDRA; TEMPERATURE; CONSUMPTION; PEATLANDS AB We used a biogeochemistry model, the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM), to study the net methane (CH4) fluxes between Alaskan ecosystems and the atmosphere. We estimated that the current net emissions of CH4 (emissions minus consumption) from Alaskan soils are; similar to 3 Tg CH4/yr. Wet tundra ecosystems are responsible for 75% of the region's net emissions, while dry tundra and upland boreal forests are responsible for 50% and 45% of total consumption over the region, respectively. In response to climate change over the 21st century, our simulations indicated that CH4 emissions from wet soils would be enhanced more than consumption by dry soils of tundra and boreal forests. As a consequence, we projected that net CH4 emissions will almost double by the end of the century in response to high-latitude warming and associated climate changes. When we placed these CH4 emissions in the context of the projected carbon budget (carbon dioxide [CO2] and CH4) for Alaska at the end of the 21st century, we estimated that Alaska will be a net source of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere of 69 Tg CO2 equivalents/yr, that is, a balance between net methane emissions of 131 Tg CO2 equivalents/yr and carbon sequestration of 17 Tg C/yr (62 Tg CO2 equivalents/yr). C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Biol Marine Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. MIT, Joint Program Sci & Policy Global Change, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Zhuang, Q (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM qzhuang@purdue.edu RI Zhuang, Qianlai/A-5670-2009 NR 51 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 22 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 1 BP 203 EP 212 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2007)017[0203:NEOCAC]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 155OV UT WOS:000245588400017 PM 17479846 ER PT J AU Sitch, S McGuire, AD Kimball, J Gedney, N Gamon, J Engstrom, R Wolf, A Zhuang, Q Clein, J McDonald, KC AF Sitch, Stephen McGuire, A. David Kimball, John Gedney, Nicola Gamon, John Engstrom, Ryan Wolf, Annett Zhuang, Qianlai Clein, Joy McDonald, Kyle C. TI Assessing the carbon balance of circumpolar Arctic tundra using remote sensing and process modeling SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Review DE Arctic carbon cycle; biogeochemical cycles; carbon balance; carbon cycle modeling; high-latitude remote sensing; methane modeling; tundra ID NASA SCATTEROMETER NSCAT; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; MODERN METHANE EMISSIONS; GLOBAL VEGETATION MODEL; SOIL THERMAL DYNAMICS; SCALE ECOSYSTEM MODEL; KUPARUK RIVER-BASIN; LAND-SURFACE SCHEME; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTHERN ALASKA AB This paper reviews the current status of using remote sensing and process-based modeling approaches to assess the contemporary and future circumpolar carbon balance of Arctic tundra, including the exchange of both carbon dioxide and methane with the atmosphere. Analyses based on remote sensing approaches that use a 20-year data record of satellite data indicate that tundra is greening in the Arctic, suggesting an increase in photosynthetic activity and net primary production. Modeling studies generally simulate a small net carbon sink for the distribution of Arctic tundra, a result that is within the uncertainty range of field-based estimates of net carbon exchange. Applications of process-based approaches for scenarios of future climate change generally indicate net carbon sequestration in Arctic tundra as enhanced vegetation production exceeds simulated increases in decomposition. However, methane emissions are likely to increase dramatically, in response to rising soil temperatures, over the next century. Key uncertainties in the response of Arctic ecosystems to climate change include uncertainties in future. re regimes and uncertainties relating to changes in the soil environment. These include the response of soil decomposition and respiration to warming and deepening of the soil active layer, uncertainties in precipitation and potential soil drying, and distribution of wetlands. While there are numerous uncertainties in the projections of process-based models, they generally indicate that Arctic tundra will be a small sink for carbon over the next century and that methane emissions will increase considerably, which implies that exchange of greenhouse gases between the atmosphere and Arctic tundra ecosystems is likely to contribute to climate warming. C1 Met Off, Hadley Ctr Climate Predict & Res, JCHMR, Wallingford OX10 8BB, Oxon, England. Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res, PIK, D-14412 Potsdam, Germany. Univ Alaska, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. Calif State Univ Los Angeles, CEA, CREST, Ctr Environm Anal, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Geog, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Abisko Sci Res Stn, S-98107 Abisko, Sweden. Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Anal, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Water & Carbon Cycles Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Sitch, S (reprint author), Met Off, Hadley Ctr Climate Predict & Res, JCHMR, Maclean Bldg, Wallingford OX10 8BB, Oxon, England. EM stephen.sitch@metoffice.gov.uk RI Zhuang, Qianlai/A-5670-2009; Wolf, Annett/A-1207-2012; Sitch, Stephen/F-8034-2015; Gamon, John/A-2641-2014 OI Sitch, Stephen/0000-0003-1821-8561; Gamon, John/0000-0002-8269-7723 NR 109 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 5 U2 81 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 1 BP 213 EP 234 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2007)017[0213:ATCBOC]2.0.CO;2 PG 22 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 155OV UT WOS:000245588400018 PM 17479847 ER PT J AU Bailey, LL Hines, JE Nichols, JD MacKenzie, DI AF Bailey, Larissa L. Hines, James E. Nichols, James D. MacKenzie, Darryl I. TI Sampling design trade-offs in occupancy studies with imperfect detection: Examples and software SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Ambystoma tigrinum; detection probability; monitoring; program GENPRES; site occupancy; survey design; tiger salamanders; Yellowstone National Park ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; DETECTION PROBABILITIES; LOCAL EXTINCTION; METAPOPULATION; RATES; COLONIZATION; PRECISION; BIAS AB Researchers have used occupancy, or probability of occupancy, as a response or state variable in a variety of studies (e.g., habitat modeling), and occupancy is increasingly favored by numerous state, federal, and international agencies engaged in monitoring programs. Recent advances in estimation methods have emphasized that reliable inferences can be made from these types of studies if detection and occupancy probabilities are simultaneously estimated. The need for temporal replication at sampled sites to estimate detection probability creates a trade-off between spatial replication (number of sample sites distributed within the area of interest/inference) and temporal replication (number of repeated surveys at each site). Here, we discuss a suite of questions commonly encountered during the design phase of occupancy studies, and we describe software (program GENPRES) developed to allow investigators to easily explore design trade-offs focused on particularities of their study system and sampling limitations. We illustrate the utility of program GENPRES using an amphibian example from Greater Yellowstone National Park, USA. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Proteous Wildlife Res Consultats, Dunedin, New Zealand. RP Bailey, LL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM lbailey@usgs.gov RI Bailey, Larissa/A-2565-2009 NR 31 TC 112 Z9 114 U1 10 U2 104 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 1 BP 281 EP 290 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2007)017[0281:SDTIOS]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 155OV UT WOS:000245588400022 PM 17479851 ER PT J AU Boone, MD Semlitsch, RD Little, EE Doyle, MC AF Boone, Michelle D. Semlitsch, Raymond D. Little, Edward E. Doyle, Meaghan C. TI Multiple stressors in amphibian communities: Effects of chemical contamination, bullfrogs, and fish SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE ammonium nitrate; amphibian decline; bluegill; carbaryl; chemical contamination; competition; fertilizer; insecticide; multiple stressors; overwintered bullfrogs; predation ID UV-B RADIATION; LARVAL DENSITY; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; INTRODUCED BULLFROGS; NITRATE FERTILIZER; PESTICIDE EXPOSURE; RANA-CATESBEIANA; PREDATION RISK; NATIONAL-PARK; INSECTICIDE AB A leading hypothesis of amphibian population declines is that combinations of multiple stressors contribute to declines. We examined the role that chemical contamination, competition, and predation play singly and in combination in aquatic amphibian communities. We exposed larvae of American toads (Bufo americanus), southern leopard frogs (Rana sphenocephala), and spotted salamanders (Ambystoma maculatum) to overwintered bullfrog tadpoles (R. catesbeiana), bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus), the insecticide carbaryl, and ammonium nitrate fertilizer in 1000-L mesocosms. Most significantly, our study demonstrated that the presence of multiple factors reduced survival of B. americanus and A. maculatum and lengthened larval periods of R. sphenocephala. The presence of bluegill had the largest impact on the community; it eliminated B. americanus and A. maculatum and reduced the abundance of R. sphenocephala. Chemical contaminants had the second strongest effect on the community with the insecticide, reducing A. maculatum abundance by 50% and increasing the mass of anurans (frogs and toads) at metamorphosis; the fertilizer positively influenced time and mass at metamorphosis for both anurans and A. maculatum. Presence of overwintered bullfrogs reduced mass and increased time to metamorphosis of anurans. While both bluegill and overwintered bullfrog tadpoles had negative effects on the amphibian community, they performed better in the presence of one another and in contaminated habitats. Our results indicate that predicting deleterious combinations from single-factor effects may not be straightforward. Our research supports the hypothesis that combinations of factors can negatively impact some amphibian species and could contribute to population declines. C1 Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USGS, Columbia Envieonm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Miami Univ, Dept Zool, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Boone, MD (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, 105 Tucker Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM boonemd@muohio.edu OI Semlitsch, Raymond/0000-0002-7999-5762 NR 68 TC 99 Z9 101 U1 12 U2 72 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 1 BP 291 EP 301 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2007)017[0291:MSIACE]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 155OV UT WOS:000245588400023 PM 17479852 ER PT J AU Carlisle, DM Meador, MR Moulton, SR Ruhl, PM AF Carlisle, Daren M. Meador, Michael R. Moulton, Stephen R., II Ruhl, Peter M. TI Estimation and application of indicator values for common macroinvertebrate genera and families of the United States SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE macroinvertebrates; indicator values; tolerance values; biological assessment; national scale ID TAXONOMIC RESOLUTION; BIOTIC INDEX; STREAMS; MODELS; CONTAMINATION; LANDSCAPE; POLLUTION; STRESS; SYSTEM AB Tolerance of macroinvertebrate taxa to chemical and physical stressors is widely used in the analysis and interpretation of bioassessment data, but many estimates lack empirical bases. Our main objective was to estimate genus- and family-level indicator values (IVs) from a data set of macroinvertebrate communities, chemical, and physical stressors collected in a consistent manner throughout the United States. We then demonstrated an application of these IVs to detect alterations in benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages along gradients of urbanization in New England and Alabama. Principal components analysis (PCA) was used to create synthetic gradients of chemical stressors, for which genus- and family-level weighted averages (WAs) were calculated. Based on results of PCA, WAs were calculated for three synthetic gradients (ionic concentration, nutrient concentration, and dissolved oxygen/water temperature) and two uncorrelated physical variables (suspended sediment concentration and percent fines). Indicator values for each stress gradient were subsequently created by transforming WAs into ten ordinal ranks based on percentiles of values across all taxa. Mean IVs of genera and families were highly correlated to road density in Alabama and New England, and supported the conclusions of independent assessments of the chemical and physical stressors acting in each geographic area. Family IVs were nearly as responsive to urbanization as genus IVs. The limitations of widespread use of these IVs are discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Assessment Program, Reston, VA USA. RP Carlisle, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Assessment Program, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 413, Reston, VA USA. NR 36 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 7 IS 1 BP 22 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2005.09.005 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 113XT UT WOS:000242632000002 ER PT J AU Fridley, JD Stachowicz, JJ Naeem, S Sax, DF Seabloom, EW Smith, MD Stohlgren, TJ Tilman, D Von Holle, B AF Fridley, J. D. Stachowicz, J. J. Naeem, S. Sax, D. F. Seabloom, E. W. Smith, M. D. Stohlgren, T. J. Tilman, D. Von Holle, B. TI The invasion paradox: Reconciling pattern and process in species invasions SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE biodiversity; exotic; invasibility; native; nonindigenous; scale; species diversity ID PLANT DIVERSITY; BIOLOGICAL INVASION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; EXOTIC PLANTS; UNITED-STATES; RESOURCE COMPETITION; PROPAGULE PRESSURE; BIOTIC RESISTANCE; EXTRINSIC FACTORS; MARINE ECOSYSTEM AB The invasion paradox describes the co-occurrence of independent lines of support for both a negative and a positive relationship between native biodiversity and the invasions of exotic species. The paradox leaves the implications of native-exotic species richness relationships open to debate: Are rich native communities more or less susceptible to invasion by exotic species? We reviewed the considerable observational, experimental, and theoretical evidence describing the paradox and sought generalizations concerning where and why the paradox occurs, its implications for community ecology and assembly processes, and its relevance for restoration, management, and policy associated with species invasions. The crux of the paradox concerns positive associations between native and exotic species richness at broad spatial scales, and negative associations at. ne scales, especially in experiments in which diversity was directly manipulated. We identified eight processes that can generate either negative or positive native-exotic richness relationships, but none can generate both. As all eight processes have been shown to be important in some systems, a simple general theory of the paradox, and thus of the relationship between diversity and invasibility, is probably unrealistic. Nonetheless, we outline several key issues that help resolve the paradox, discuss the difficult juxtaposition of experimental and observational data ( which often ask subtly different questions), and identify important themes for additional study. We conclude that natively rich ecosystems are likely to be hotspots for exotic species, but that reduction of local species richness can further accelerate the invasion of these and other vulnerable habitats. C1 Harvard Univ, Petersham, MA 01366 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sect Evolut & Ecol, Ctr Populat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Environm Biol, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Nat Resources Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Fridley, JD (reprint author), Harvard Univ, PB 68, Petersham, MA 01366 USA. EM fridley@syr.edu RI Smith, Melinda/J-8987-2014; OI Seabloom, Eric/0000-0001-6780-9259 NR 124 TC 376 Z9 387 U1 31 U2 368 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 2007 VL 88 IS 1 BP 3 EP 17 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(2007)88[3:TIPRPA]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 156RZ UT WOS:000245668300002 PM 17489447 ER PT J AU Link, WA Sauer, JR AF Link, William A. Sauer, John R. TI Seasonal components of avian population change: joint analysis of two large-scale monitoring programs SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Breeding Bird Survey; Carolina Wren; Christmas Bird Count; hierarchical models; seasonal population change; snow cover; Thryothorus ludovicianus; winter weather effects ID BREEDING BIRD SURVEY; CERULEAN WARBLERS; COUNT DATA; ABUNDANCE; MODEL AB We present a combined analysis of data from two large-scale surveys of bird populations. The North American Breeding Bird Survey is conducted each summer; the Christmas Bird Count is conducted in early winter. The temporal staggering of these surveys allows investigation of seasonal components of population change, which we illustrate with an examination of the effects of severe winters on the Carolina Wren ( Thryothorus ludovicianus). Our analysis uses a hierarchical log-linear model with controls for survey-specific sampling covariates. Temporal change in population size is modeled seasonally, with covariates for winter severity. Overall, the winter-spring seasons are associated with 82% of the total population variation for Carolina Wrens, and an additional day of snow cover during winter spring is associated with an incremental decline of 1.1% of the population. C1 USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Link, WA (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM wlink@usgs.gov NR 17 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 16 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 2007 VL 88 IS 1 BP 49 EP 55 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(2007)88[49:SCOAPC]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 156RZ UT WOS:000245668300008 PM 17489453 ER PT J AU Groves, DI Goldfarb, RJ AF Groves, David I. Goldfarb, Richard J. TI The role of exhumation in the temporal distribution of ore deposits - A discussion SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID LODE-GOLD DEPOSITS; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; MINERALIZATION; THERMOCHRONOLOGY; CLASSIFICATION; LITHOSPHERE; FINLAND C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Geog Sci, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. RP Goldfarb, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,Mail Stop 973,Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM Goldfarb@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 102 IS 1 BP 155 EP 157 DI 10.2113/gsecongeo.102.1.155 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 171EV UT WOS:000246718600010 ER PT J AU Kondratieff, BC Kirchner, RF Zuellig, RE Lenat, DR AF Kondratieff, Boris C. Kirchner, R. F. Zuellig, Robert E. Lenat, David R. TI A new species of Tallaperla (Plecoptera : Peltoperlidae) from North Carolina, USA SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article DE Plecoptera; stonefly; Tallaperla; new species; North Carolina; USA AB A new species of Tallaperla, T. maiyae, is described from Wilkes County, North Carolina, U.S.A. from two males. The new species is similar to T. maria and T. anna, but can be distinguished by the combination of a prominent spine-like epiproct and brown coloration. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Lenat Consulting Serv, Raleigh, NC 27612 USA. RP Kondratieff, BC (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Boris.Kondratieff@Colostate.edu; rzuellig@usgs.gov; lenatbks@mindspring.com NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 118 IS 1 BP 81 EP 82 DI 10.3157/0013-872X(2007)118[81:ANSOTP]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 163KL UT WOS:000246158400009 ER PT J AU Karl, HA Susskind, LE Wallace, KH AF Karl, Herman A. Susskind, Larence E. Wallace, Katherine H. TI A dialogue not a diatribe - Effective integration of science and policy through joint fact finding SO ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, Washington, DC USA. MIT, Environm Policy & Planning Grp, Dept Urban Studies & Planning, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Karl, HA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Washington, DC USA. NR 35 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 16 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0013-9157 J9 ENVIRONMENT JI Environment PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 49 IS 1 BP 20 EP + DI 10.3200/ENVT.49.1.20-34 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 128YC UT WOS:000243694600005 ER PT J AU Kuffner, IB Brock, JC Grober-Dunsmore, R Bonito, VE Hickey, TD Wright, CW AF Kuffner, Ilsa B. Brock, John C. Grober-Dunsmore, Rikki Bonito, Victor E. Hickey, T. Donald Wright, C. Wayne TI Relationships between reef fish communities and remotely sensed rugosity measurements in Biscayne National Park, Florida, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE habitat; mapping; marine protected areas; coral reef management; remote sensing; topographic complexity ID CORAL-REEF; HABITAT COMPLEXITY; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; MULTISCALE ANALYSIS; ASSEMBLAGES; ABUNDANCE; PATTERNS; SIZE; ASSOCIATION; BARBADOS AB The realization that coral reef ecosystem management must occur across multiple spatial scales and habitat types has led scientists and resource managers to seek variables that are easily measured over large areas and correlate well with reef resources. Here we investigate the utility of new technology in airborne laser surveying (NASA Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL)) in assessing topographical complexity (rugosity) to predict reef fish community structure on shallow (< 10 m deep) patch reefs. Marine portions of Biscayne National Park, Florida, USA, were surveyed remotely using the EAARL, and reef fish populations were visually surveyed on 10 patch reefs at independent, randomly selected stations (n = 10-13 per reef). Rugosity at each station was assessed in situ by divers using the traditional chain-transect method (10-m scale), and remotely using the EAARL submarine topography data at multiple spatial scales (2, 5, and 10 m). The rugosity and biological datasets were analyzed together to elucidate the predictive power of EAARL rugosity in describing the variance in reef fish community variables and to assess the correlation between chain-transect and EAARL rugosity. EAARL rugosity was not well correlated with chain-transect rugosity, or with species richness of fishes (although statistically significant, the amount of variance explained by the model was very low). Variance in reef fish community attributes was better explained in reef-by-reef variability than by physical variables. However, once the reef-by-reef variability was taken into account in a two-way analysis of variance, the importance of rugosity could be seen on individual reefs. Fish species richness and abundance were statistically higher at high rugosity stations compared to medium and low rugosity stations, as predicted by prior ecological research. The EAARL shows promise as an important mapping tool for reef resource managers as they strive to inventory and protect coral reef resources. C1 US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Protected Areas Ctr, NMFS, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. NASA, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. RP Kuffner, IB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM ikuffner@usgs.gov RI Kuffner, Ilsa/A-6416-2008; OI Kuffner, Ilsa/0000-0001-8804-7847 NR 32 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 5 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD JAN PY 2007 VL 78 IS 1 BP 71 EP 82 DI 10.1007/s10641-006-9078-4 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 114YP UT WOS:000242701900006 ER PT J AU Izbicki, JA Pimentel, IM Johnson, R Aiken, GR Leenheer, J AF Izbicki, John A. Pimentel, Isabel M. Johnson, Russell Aiken, George R. Leenheer, Jerry TI Concentration, UV-spectroscopic characteristics and fractionation of DOC in stormflow from an urban stream, Southern California, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DRINKING WATERS; RESINS AB The composition of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in stormflow from urban areas has been greatly altered, both directly and indirectly, by human activities and there is concern that there may be public health issues associated with DOC, which has unknown composition from different sources within urban watersheds. This study evaluated changes in the concentration and composition of DOC in stormflow in the Santa Ana River and its tributaries between 1995 and 2004 using a simplified approach based on the differences in the optical properties of DOC and using operationally defined differences in molecular weight and solubility. The data show changes in the composition of DOC in stormflow during the rainy season and differences associated with runoff from different parts of the basin, including extensive upland areas burned prior to the 2004 rainy season. Samples were collected from the Santa Ana River, which drains similar to 6950 km(2) of the densely populated coastal area of southern California, during 23 stormflows between 1995 and 2004. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations during the first stormflows of the 'winter' (November to March) rainy season increased rapidly with streamflow and were positively correlated with increased faecal indicator bacteria concentrations. DOC concentrations were not correlated with streamflow or with other constituents during stormflows later in the rainy season and DOC had increasing UV absorbance per unit carbon as the rainy season progressed. DOC concentrations in stormflow from an urban drain tributary to the river also increased during stormflow and were greater than concentrations in the river. DOC concentrations in stormflow from a tributary stream, draining urban and agricultural land that contained more than 320 000 animals, mostly dairy cows, were higher than concentrations in stormflow from the river and from the urban drain. Fires that burned large areas of the basin before the 2004 rainy season did not increase DOC concentrations in the river during stormflow after the fires - possibly because the large watershed of the river damped the effect of the fires. However, the fires increased the hydrophobic neutral organic carbon fraction of DOC in stormflow from the urban drain and the tributary stream. C1 US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Izbicki, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM jaizbick@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1448-2517 J9 ENVIRON CHEM JI Environ. Chem. PY 2007 VL 4 IS 1 BP 35 EP 48 DI 10.1071/EN06046 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 136FB UT WOS:000244206900008 ER PT J AU Chu, SG Henny, CJ Kaiser, JL Drouillard, KG Haffner, GD Letcher, RJ AF Chu, Shaogang Henny, Charles J. Kaiser, James L. Drouillard, Ken G. Haffner, G. Douglas Letcher, Robert J. TI Dacthal and chlorophenoxy herbicides and chlorothalonil fungicide ineggs of osprey (Pandion haliaetus) from the Duwamish-Lake Washington-Puget Sound area of Washington state, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE chlorophenoxy herbicide; chlorothalonil fungicide; dimethyl tetrachloroterephthalate (DCPA); osprey eggs; puget sound ID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; METABOLITES; PESTICIDES; WATER; SOIL; TRANSPORT; SEDIMENT; SAMPLES AB Current-use chlorophenoxy herbicides including 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, dicamba, triclopyr, dicamba, dimethyl tetrachloroterephthalate (DCPA or dacthal), and the metabolite of pyrethroids, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), and the fungicide, chlorothalonil, were investigated in the eggs of osprey (Pandion haliaetus) that were collected from 15 sites from five study areas Puget Sound/Seattle area of Washington State, USA. DCPA differs from acidic chlorophenoxy herbicides, and is not readily hydrolyzed to free acid or acid metabolites, and thus we developed a new method. Of the 12 chlorophenoxy herbicides and chlorothalonil analyzed only DCPA could be quantified at six of these sites (2.0 to 10.3 pg/g fresh weight). However, higher levels (6.9 to 85.5 pg/g fresh weight) of the unexpected DCPA structural isomer, dimethyl tetrachlorophthalate (diMe-TCP) were quantified in eggs from all sites. diMe-TCP concentrations tended to be higher in eggs from the Everett Harbor area. As diMe-TCP is not an industrial product, and not commercially available, the source of diMe-TCP is unclear. Regardless, these findings indicate that DCPA and diMe-TCP can be accumulated in the food chain of fish-eating osprey, and transferred in ovo to eggs, and thus may be of concern to the health of the developing chick and the general reproductive health of this osprey population. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Windsor, Great Lakes Inst Environm Res, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Letcher, RJ (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Environm Canada, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Raven Rd, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. EM robert.letcher@ec.gc.ca NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 145 IS 1 BP 374 EP 381 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2005.12.058 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 109ZR UT WOS:000242348600045 PM 16707197 ER PT J AU Karouna-Renier, NK Snyder, RA Allison, JG Wagner, MG Rao, KR AF Karouna-Renier, Natalie K. Snyder, Richard A. Allison, Jeffrey G. Wagner, Matthew G. Rao, K. Ranga TI Accumulation of organic and inorganic contaminants in shellfish collected in estuarine waters near Pensacola, Florida: Contamination profiles and risks to human consumers SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE blue crabs; oysters; PCBs; dioxins; metals; consumption risk ID CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; USA; OYSTERS; TISSUES; COASTS; CRABS; PCBS AB We conducted a screening level assessment of contaminants in blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus) and oysters (Crassostrea virginica) from bays and bayous in the Pensacola, FL area. Tissue samples were analyzed for 17 dioxins/furans, 12 dioxin-like PCB (DL-PCBs) congeners, mercury, and various metals. Contaminant levels were compared to screening values (SV) calculated using U.S. EPA recommendations for establishing consumption advisories. All sampling locations exceeded the SV (0.098 pg g(-1)) for dioxins/furans/DL-PCBs, based on a Florida-specific consumption rate (46 g day(-1)). Arsenic (inorganic), mercury, cadmium, and zinc levels exceeded SVs in samples from select locations, and with the exception of mercury, these locations were generally downstream of known contaminated areas. We also assessed potential human health risks from consumption of these species. Risks to human health were greatest from consumption of crab hepatopancreas, suggesting that consumption of hepatopancreas, whether directly or indirectly, from crabs collected anywhere in the Pensacola Bay region should be avoided. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ W Florida, Ctr Environm Diagnost & Bioremediat, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. RP Karouna-Renier, NK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, BARC E, Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM nkarouna@usgs.gov OI Karouna-Renier, Natalie/0000-0001-7127-033X FU PHS HHS [R04/CCR421909] NR 33 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 145 IS 2 BP 474 EP 488 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2006.04.035 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 122SM UT WOS:000243247100013 PM 16872729 ER PT J AU Moran, MJ Zogorski, JS Squillace, PJ AF Moran, Michael J. Zogorski, John S. Squillace, Paul J. TI Chlorinated solvents in groundwater of the United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DATA SET; 1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE; TETRACHLOROETHYLENE; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; MIXTURES; WATER; VOCS AB Four chlorinated solventsmethylene chloride, perchloroethene (PCE), 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and trichloroethene (TCE)were analyzed in samples of groundwater taken throughout the conterminous United States by the U.S. Geological Survey. The samples were collected between 1985 and 2002 from more than 5,000 wells. Of 55 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) analyzed in groundwater samples, solvents were among the most frequently detected. Mixtures of solvents in groundwater were common and may be the result of common usage of solvents or degradation of one solvent to another. Relative to other VOCs with Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs), PCE and TCE ranked high in terms of the frequencies of concentrations greater than or near MCLs. The probability of occurrence of solvents in groundwater was associated with dissolved oxygen content of groundwater, sources such as urban land use and population density, and hydraulic properties of the aquifer. The results reinforce the importance of understanding the redox conditions of aquifers and the hydraulic properties of the saturated and vadose zones in determining the intrinsic susceptibility of groundwater to contamination by solvents. The results also reinforce the importance of controlling sources of solvents to groundwater. C1 US Geol Survey, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. RP Moran, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1608 Mt View Rd, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. EM mjmoran@usgs.gov NR 37 TC 158 Z9 168 U1 9 U2 86 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 1 BP 74 EP 81 DI 10.1021/es061553y PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 120ZC UT WOS:000243124600016 PM 17265929 ER PT J AU Lawrence, GB Sutherland, JW Boylen, CW Nierzwicki-Bauer, SW Momen, B Baldigo, BP Simonin, HA AF Lawrence, G. B. Sutherland, J. W. Boylen, C. W. Nierzwicki-Bauer, S. W. Momen, B. Baldigo, B. P. Simonin, H. A. TI Acid rain effects on aluminum mobilization clarified by inclusion of strong organic acids SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; NEW-YORK; NEUTRALIZING CAPACITY; SURFACE WATERS; DEPOSITION; LAKES; ADIRONDACK; SOLUBILITY; CHEMISTRY; STREAMS AB Assessments of acidic deposition effects on aquatic ecosystems have often been hindered by complications from naturally occurring organic acidity. Measurements of pH and ANC(G), the most commonly used indicators of chemical effects, can be substantially influenced by the presence of organic acids. Relationships between pH and inorganic Al, which is toxic to many forms of aquatic biota, are also altered by organic acids. However, when inorganic Al concentrations are plotted against ANC (the sum of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+, minus SO42-, NO3-, and Cl-), a distinct threshold for Al mobilization becomes apparent. If the concentration of strong organic anions is included as a negative component of ANC, the threshold occurs at an ANC value of approximately zero, the value expected from theoretical charge balance constraints. This adjusted ANC is termed the base-cation surplus. The threshold relationship between the base-cation surplus and Al was shown with data from approximately 200 streams in the Adirondack region of New York, during periods with low and high dissolved organic carbon concentrations, and for an additional stream from the Catskill region of New York. These results indicate that (1) strong organic anions can contribute to the mobilization of inorganic Al in combination with SO42- and NO3-, and (2) the presence of inorganic Al in surface waters is an unambiguous indication of acidic deposition effects. C1 US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Darrin Fresh Water Inst, Landing, NY 12810 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resources Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Rome, NY 13440 USA. RP Lawrence, GB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM glawrenc@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 1 BP 93 EP 98 DI 10.1021/es061437v PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 120ZC UT WOS:000243124600019 PM 17265932 ER PT J AU Southworth, G Lindberg, S Hintelmann, H Amyot, M Poulain, A Bogle, M Peterson, M Rudd, J Harris, R Sandilands, K Krabbenhoft, D Olsen, M AF Southworth, George Lindberg, Steven Hintelmann, Holger Amyot, Marc Poulain, Alexandre Bogle, Maryanna Peterson, Mark Rudd, John Harris, R. Sandilands, Kenneth Krabbenhoft, David Olsen, Mark TI Evasion of added isotopic mercury from a northern temperate lake SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE mercury; isotopic tracer; evasion; lake; volatilization ID DISSOLVED GASEOUS MERCURY; AIR-SEA EXCHANGE; AIR/WATER EXCHANGE; VOLATILE MERCURY; GAS-EXCHANGE; WATER-AIR; SURFACE; VOLATILIZATION; DEPOSITION; INTERFACE AB Isotopically enriched Hg (90% Hg-202) was added to a small lake in Ontario, Canada, at a rate equivalent to approximately threefold the annual direct atmospheric deposition rate that is typical of the northeastern United States. The Hg spike was thoroughly mixed into the epilimion in nine separate events at two-week intervals throughout the summer growing season for three consecutive years. We measured concentrations of spike and ambient dissolved gaseous Hg (DGM) concentrations in Surface water and the rate of volatilization of Hg from the lake Oil four separate, week - long sampling periods using floating dynamic flux chambers. The relationship between empirically measured rates of spike-Hg evasion were evaluated as functions of DGM concentration, wind velocity, and solar illumination. No individual environmental variable proved to be a strong predictor of the evasion flux. The DGM-normalized flux (expressed as the mass transfer coefficient, k) varied with wind velocity in a manner consistent with existing models of evasion of volatile Solutes from natural waters but was higher than model estimates at low wind velocity. The empirical data were used to construct a description of evasion flux as a function of total dissolved Hg, wind, and Solar illumination. That model was then applied to data for three Summers for the experiment to generate estimates of Hg, re-emission from the lake surface to the atmosphere. Based on ratios of spike Hg to ambient Hg in DGM and dissolved total Hg pools. ratios of DGM to total Hg in spike and ambient Fig pools, and flux estimates of spike and ambient Hg. we concluded that the added Hg spike was chemically indistinguishable from the ambient Hg in its behavior. Approximately 45% of Hg added to the lake over the Summer was lost via volatilization. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Trent Univ, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. R&K Res, Salt Spring Isl, BC, Canada. Tetra Tech, Oakville, ON L6J 4E6, Canada. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Freshwater Inst, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. US Geol Survey, Madison, WI 53562 USA. RP Southworth, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM southworthgr@ornl.gov RI Amyot, Marc/A-7182-2008; Poulain, Alexandre/C-2136-2008; Poulain, Alexandre/C-1246-2009 OI Amyot, Marc/0000-0002-0340-3249; Hintelmann, Holger/0000-0002-5287-483X; NR 38 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 1 BP 53 EP 60 DI 10.1897/06-148R.1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 123KC UT WOS:000243293800006 PM 17269459 ER PT J AU Snedden, GA Cable, JE Swarzenski, C Swenson, E AF Snedden, Gregg A. Cable, Jaye E. Swarzenski, Christopher Swenson, Erick TI Sediment discharge into a subsiding Louisiana deltaic estuary through a Mississippi River diversion SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sediment discharge; sedimentation; deltas; subsidence; Mississippi River; Louisiana ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; WETLAND LOSS; LEVEL; SUBSIDENCE; DYNAMICS; EVENTS AB Wetlands of the Mississippi River deltaic plain ill Southeast Louisiana have been hydrologically isolated from the Mississippi River by containment levees for nearly a century. The ensuing lack of fluvial sediment inputs, combined with natural submergence processes, has contributed to high coastal land loss rates. Controlled river diversions have since been constructed to reconnect the marshes of the deltaic plain with the river. This study examines the impact of a pulsed diversion management plan on sediment discharge into the Breton Sound estuary, in which duplicate 185 m(3) s(-1)-diversions lasting two weeks each were conducted in the spring of 2002 and 2003. Sediment delivery during each pulse was highly variable (11,300-43,800 metric tons), and was greatest during rising limbs of Mississippi River flood events. Overland flow, a necessary transport port mechanism for river sediments to reach the Subsiding backmarsh regions, was induced only when diversion discharge exceeded 100 m(3) s(-1) These results indicate that timing and magnitude of diversion events are both important factors governing marsh sediment deposition in the receiving basins of river diversions. Though the diversion serves as the primary Source of river sediments to the estuary, the inputs observed here were several orders of magnitude less than historical sediment discharge through crevasses and uncontrolled diversions in the region, and are insufficient to offset present rates of relative sea level rise. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Coastal Ecol Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70816 USA. RP Snedden, GA (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. EM sneddeng@uncw.edu NR 35 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 32 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 71 IS 1-2 BP 181 EP 193 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2006.06.035 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 126IH UT WOS:000243506100018 ER PT S AU Roeske, SM Till, AB Foster, DA Sample, JC AF Roeske, Sarah M. Till, Alison B. Foster, David A. Sample, James C. BE Roeske, SM Till, AB Foster, DA Sample, JC TI Exhumation Associated with Continental Strike-Slip Fault Systems, GSA Special Papers 434, 2007 Introduction SO EXHUMATION ASSOCIATED WITH CONTINENTAL STRIKE-SLIP FAULT SYSTEMS SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID CRUSTAL EXTENSION; EASTERN ALPS; SAN-ANDREAS; BELT; CALIFORNIA; TECTONICS; EVOLUTION; NEVADA; OROGEN; IDAHO C1 [Roeske, Sarah M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Till, Alison B.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Foster, David A.] Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Sample, James C.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Geol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Roeske, SM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Sample, James/A-9622-2015 NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2434-8 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2007 VL 434 BP VII EP X DI 10.1130/978-0-8137-2434-8(2007)434[vii:I]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BMA28 UT WOS:000271643500001 ER PT S AU Till, AB Roeske, SM Bradley, DC Friedman, R Layer, PW AF Till, Alison B. Roeske, Sarah M. Bradley, Dwight C. Friedman, Richard Layer, Paul W. BE Roeske, SM Till, AB Foster, DA Sample, JC TI Early Tertiary transtension-related deformation and magmatism along the Tintina fault system, Alaska SO EXHUMATION ASSOCIATED WITH CONTINENTAL STRIKE-SLIP FAULT SYSTEMS SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Tertiary; Tintina fault system; exhumation; crustal extension; transtension; tectonics; geochronology; metamorphism; oroclinal bending; Alaska ID YUKON-TANANA UPLAND; EAST-CENTRAL ALASKA; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; GEOCHRONOLOGY; BLUESCHISTS; TECTONICS; EVOLUTION; MINERALS; TERRANE; HISTORY AB Transtensional deformation was concentrated in a zone adjacent to the Tintina strike-slip fault system in Alaska during the early Tertiary. The deformation occurred along the Victoria Creek fault, the trace of the Tintina system that connects it with the Kaltag fault; together the Tintina and Kaltag fault systems girdle Alaska from east to west. Over an area of similar to 25 by 70 km between the Victoria Creek and Tozitna faults, bimodal volcanics erupted; lacustrine and fluvial rocks were deposited; plutons were emplaced and deformed; and metamorphic rocks cooled, all at about the same time. Plutonic and volcanic rocks in this zone yield U-Pb zircon ages of ca. 60 Ma; (40)Ar/(39)Ar cooling ages from those plutons and adjacent metamorphic rocks are also ca. 60 Ma. Although early Tertiary magmatism occurred over a broad area in central Alaska, metamorphism and ductile deformation accompanied that magmatism in this one zone only. Within the zone of deformation, pluton aureoles and metamorphic rocks display consistent NE-SW-stretching lineations parallel to the Victoria Creek fault, suggesting that deformation processes involved subhorizontal elongation of the package. The most deeply buried metamorphic rocks, kyanite-bearing metapelites, occur as lenses adjacent to the fault, which cuts the crust to the Moho (Beaudoin et al., 1997). Geochronologic data and field relationships suggest that the amount of early Tertiary exhumation was greatest adjacent to the Victoria Creek fault. The early Tertiary crustal-scale events that may have operated to produce transtension in this area are (1) increased heat flux and related bimodal within-plate magmatism, (2) movement on a releasing stepover within the Tintina fault system or on a regional scale involving both the Tintina and the Kobuk fault systems, and ( 3) oroclinal bending of the Tintina-Kaltag fault system with counterclockwise rotation of western Alaska. C1 [Till, Alison B.; Bradley, Dwight C.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Roeske, Sarah M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Friedman, Richard] Univ British Columbia, Dept Geol Sci, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Layer, Paul W.] Univ Alaska, Dept Geol Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99704 USA. RP Till, AB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4200 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NR 63 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2434-8 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2007 VL 434 BP 233 EP 264 DI 10.1130/2007.2434(11) PG 32 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BMA28 UT WOS:000271643500012 ER PT J AU Angermeier, PL AF Angermeier, Paul L. TI The role of fish biologists in helping society build ecological sustainability SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER FAUNA; UNITED-STATES; ECONOMIC-GROWTH; CONSERVATION STATUS; BIODIVERSITY; SCIENCE; POLICY; NORTH; ENDANGERMENT; ENVIRONMENT AB Biodiversity and ecosystem functions are discounted in most environmental decisions and market transactions. The ongoing pervasive losses of aquatic biodiversity reflect unsustainable uses of the biosphere but society is profoundly ignorant and apathetic regarding this degradation. Conserving aquatic biodiversity will require fundamental changes in the human economy, which fish biologists can help catalyze by re-configuring their role in conservation. Biologists concerned about biodiversity loss could become more engaged in assessing sustainability, in understanding relations among biodiversity, ecosystem function, and sustainability, and in promoting sustainable uses of ecosystems. Fish biologists can most effectively help build ecological sustainability by educating policymakers and publics about how biodiversity loss diminishes the quality of human lives. Via education, fish biologists should seek to influence people's values and ecological behavior, especially consumption patterns. The societal literacy needed for sustainability includes understanding how humans affect biota, dispelling the misconception that quality-of-life depends on consumption, and recognizing how intact ecosystems contribute to aesthetic, emotional, intellectual, physical, social, and spiritual dimensions of human lives. I advocate a more proactive, interdisciplinary commitment to conservation that elevates conservation education to equal importance with scientific research in the collective activities of fish biologists. These shifts will be difficult and require serious dialogue to reach consensus regarding fish biologists' role in building ecological sustainability. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Angermeier, PL (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM biota@vt.edu NR 80 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JAN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1 BP 9 EP 20 DI 10.1577/1548-8446(2007)32[9:TROFBI]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 136XS UT WOS:000244258000008 ER PT J AU Sutton, TM Parrish, DL Jackson, JR AF Sutton, Trent M. Parrish, Donna L. Jackson, James R. TI Time for a change: Revision of the process for judging student presentations SO FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. US Geol Survey, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Burlington, VT USA. Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT USA. Cornell Biol Field Stn, Bridgeport, NY USA. RP Sutton, TM (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM tsutton@purdue.edu RI Sutton, Trent/E-9281-2010 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JAN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1 BP 42 EP 43 PG 2 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 136XS UT WOS:000244258000013 ER PT J AU Farley, EV Murphy, JM Adkison, MD Eisner, LB Helle, JH Moss, JH Nielsen, J AF Farley, Edward V., Jr. Murphy, James M. Adkison, Milo D. Eisner, Lisa B. Helle, John H. Moss, Jamal H. Nielsen, Jennifer TI Early marine growth in relation to marine-stage survival rates for Alaska sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SIZE-SELECTIVE MORTALITY; COHO SALMON; PINK SALMON; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; BACK-CALCULATION; OCEAN GROWTH; BRISTOL BAY; SCALE; RIVER; GORBUSCHA AB We tested the hypothesis that larger juvenile sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in Bristol Bay, Alaska, have higher marine-stage survival rates than smaller juvenile salmon. We used scales from returning adults (33 years of data) and trawl samples of juveniles (n=3572) collected along the eastern Bering Sea shelf during August through September 2000-02. The size of juvenile sockeye salmon mirrored indices of their marine-stage survival rate (e.g., smaller fish had lower indices of marine-stage survival rate). However, there was no relationship between the size of sockeye salmon after their first year at sea, as estimated from archived scales, and brood-year survival size was relatively uniform over the time series, possibly indicating size-selective mortality on smaller individuals during their marine residence. Variation in size, relative abundance, and marine-stage survival rate of juvenile sockeye salmon is likely related to ocean conditions affecting their early marine migratory pathways along the eastern Bering Sea shelf. C1 NOAA, Auke Bay Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau Ctr, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Farley, EV (reprint author), NOAA, Auke Bay Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 11305 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM Ed.Farley@noaa.gov NR 36 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 10 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 105 IS 1 BP 121 EP 130 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 143NK UT WOS:000244728900011 ER PT J AU Belnap, J Phillips, SL Smith, SD AF Belnap, Jayne Phillips, Susan L. Smith, Stanley D. TI Dynamics of cover, UV-protective pigments, and quantum yield in biological soil crust communities of an undisturbed Mojave Desert shrubland SO FLORA LA English DT Article DE climate change; collema; drylands; lichen; moss; syntrichia caninervis ID BLUE-GREEN-ALGAE; NATIONAL-PARK; CYANOBACTERIA; NITROGEN; FIELD; PRECIPITATION; SCYTONEMIN; RADIATION; UTAH; TEMPERATURE AB Biological soil crusts are an integral part of dryland ecosystems. We monitored the cover of lichens and mosses, cyanobacterial biomass, concentrations of UV-protective pigments in both free-living and lichenized cyanobacteria, and quantum yield in the soil lichen species Collema in an undisturbed Mojave Desert shrubland. During our sampling time, the site received historically high and low levels of precipitation, whereas temperatures were close to normal. Lichen cover, dominated by Collema tenax and C coccophorum, and moss cover, dominated by Syntrichia caninervis, responded to both increases and decreases in precipitation. This finding for Collema spp. at a hot Mojave Desert site is in contrast to a similar study conducted at a cool desert site on the Colorado Plateau in SE Utah, USA, where Collema spp. cover dropped in response to elevated temperatures, but did not respond to changes in rainfall. The concentrations of UV-protective pigments in free-living cyanobacteria at the Mojave Desert site were also strongly and positively related to rainfall received between sampling times (R-2 values ranged from 0.78 to 0.99). However, pigment levels in the lichenized cyanobacteria showed little correlation with rainfall. Quantum yield in Collema spp. was closely correlated with rainfall. Climate models in this region predict a 3.5-4.0 degrees C rise in temperature and a 15-20% decline in winter precipitation by 2099. Based on our data, this rise in temperature is unlikely to have a strong effect on the dominant species of the soil crusts. However, the predicted drop in precipitation will likely lead to a decrease in soil lichen and moss cover, and high stress or mortality in soil cyanobacteria as levels of UV-protective pigments decline. In addition, surface-disturbing activities (e.g., recreation, military activities, fire) are rapidly increasing in the Mojave Desert, and these disturbances quickly remove soil lichens and mosses. These stresses combined are likely to lead to shifts in species composition and the local extirpation of some lichen or moss species. As these organisms are critical components of nutrient cycling, soil fertility, and soil stability, such changes are likely to reverberate throughout these ecosystems. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Canyonlands Res Stn, Moab, UT 84532 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Biol Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Belnap, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Canyonlands Res Stn, 2290 S W Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM jayne_belnap@usgs.gov NR 44 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0367-2530 J9 FLORA JI Flora PY 2007 VL 202 IS 8 BP 674 EP 686 DI 10.1016/j.flora.2007.05.007 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 232ZD UT WOS:000251059300010 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, JKH Vondracek, B AF Zimmerman, Julie K. H. Vondracek, Bruce TI Brown trout and food web interactions in a Minnesota stream SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE benthic invertebrates; brook trout; non-native species; prey selection; slimy sculpin ID NEW-ZEALAND STREAMS; TOP-DOWN CONTROL; BROOK TROUT; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; SLIMY SCULPINS; SALMO-TRUTTA; GAMMARUS-PSEUDOLIMNAEUS; ECOSYSTEM CONSEQUENCES; INTRODUCED SALMONIDS; SELECTIVE PREDATION AB 1. We examined indirect, community-level interactions in a stream that contained non-native brown trout (Salmo trutta Linnaeus), native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchill) and native slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus Richardson). Our objectives were to examine benthic invertebrate composition and prey selection of fishes (measured by total invertebrate dry mass, dry mass of individual invertebrate taxa and relative proportion of invertebrate taxa in the benthos and diet) among treatments (no fish, juvenile brook trout alone, juvenile brown trout alone, sculpin with brook trout and sculpin with brown trout). 2. We assigned treatments to 1 m(2) enclosures/exclosures placed in riffles in Valley Creek, Minnesota, and conducted six experimental trials. We used three designs of fish densities (addition of trout to a constant number of sculpin with unequal numbers of trout and sculpin; addition of trout to a constant number of sculpin with equal numbers of trout and sculpin; and replacement of half the sculpin with an equal number of trout) to investigate the relative strength of interspecific versus intraspecific interactions. 3. Presence of fish (all three species, alone or in combined-species treatments) was not associated with changes in total dry mass of benthic invertebrates or shifts in relative abundance of benthic invertebrate taxa, regardless of fish density design. 4. Brook trout and sculpin diets did not change when each species was alone compared with treatments of both species together. Likewise, we did not find evidence for shifts in brown trout or sculpin diets when each species was alone or together. 5. We suggest that native brook trout and non-native brown trout fill similar niches in Valley Creek. We did not find evidence that either species had an effect on stream communities, potentially due to high invertebrate productivity in Valley Creek. C1 Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Zimmerman, JKH (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM juliez@lamar.colostate.edu NR 55 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 24 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 52 IS 1 BP 123 EP 136 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2006.01681.x PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 114IP UT WOS:000242660200011 ER PT J AU Mukherjee, PK Purohit, KK Saini, NK Khanna, PP Rathi, MS Grosz, AE AF Mukherjee, P. K. Purohit, K. K. Saini, N. K. Khanna, P. P. Rathi, M. S. Grosz, A. E. TI A stream sediment geochemical survey of the Ganga River headwaters in the Garhwal Himalaya SO GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE geochemistry; radioelement; mineralization; uranium; thoriurn; radon; Himalayas; thrust zones ID TRACE-ELEMENT MOBILITY; CENTRAL THRUST ZONE; SHEAR ZONES; RARE-EARTH; WESTERN ALPS; INDIA; RADON; MASSIF; SOIL AB This study models geochernical and adjunct geologic data to define provinces that are favorable for radioactive-mineral exploration. A multi-element bed-sediment geochernical survey of streams was carried out in the headwaters region of the Ganga River in northern India. Overall median values for uranium and thorium (3.6 and 13.8 ppm; maxima of 4.8 and 19.0 ppm and minima of 3.1 and 12.3 ppm respectively) exceed average upper crustal abundances (2.8 and 10.7 ppm) for these radioactive elements. Anomalously high values reach up to 8.3 and 30.1 ppm in thrust zone rocks, and 11.4 and 22.5 ppm in porphyroids. At their maxima, these abundances are nearly four- and three-fold (respectively) enriched in comparison to average crustal abundances for these rock types. Deformed, metamorphosed and sheared rocks are characteristic of the main central thrust zone (MCTZ). These intensively mylonitized rocks override and juxtapose porphyritic (PH) and Proterozoic metasedimentary rock sequences (PMS) to the south. Granitoid rocks, the major protoliths for mylonites, as well as metamorphosed rocks in the NICT zone are naturally enriched in radioelements; high values associated with sheared and mylonitized zones are coincident with reports of radioelement mineralization and with anomalous radon concentrations in soils. The radioelement abundance as well as REE abundance shows a northward enrichment trend consistent with increasing grade of metamorphism indicating deformation-induced remobilization of these elements. U and Th illustrate good correlation with REEs but not with Zr. This implies that zircon is not a principal carrier of U and Th within the granitoid-dominant thrust zone and that other radioelement-rich secondary minerals are present in considerable amounts. Thus, the relatively flat, less fractionated, HREE trend is also not entirely controlled by zircon. The spatial correlation of geologic boundary zones (faults, sheared zones) with geochernical and with geophysical (Rn) anomalies infers ore mineralization by hydrothermal processes generated during multiple episodes of deformation and thrusting. The geologic setting of the anomalies also suggests that crystalline rocks (NICT Zone) along the nearly 2500 km length of the LesserHimalayan belt, where in the vicinity of thrust and fault zones, have potential for radioelement mineralization. Zones of higher concentrations of radioelements delineated by this study and locations of anomalous radon discharge determined by other investigations may indicate a potential health hazard over the long term. However, the low human population density precludes direct manifestation of health effects attributable to chronic exposure to these radioelements; however, the magnitude of natural concentrations suggests the need for more detailed studies and monitoring. C1 Wadia Inst Himalayan Geol, Dehra Dun 248001, Uttar Pradesh, India. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP Mukherjee, PK (reprint author), Wadia Inst Himalayan Geol, 33 GMS Rd, Dehra Dun 248001, Uttar Pradesh, India. EM mukherjee_pk@wihg.res.in RI Khanna, Param/G-6699-2011; MUKHERJEE, P K/H-4363-2013 NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 9 PU GEOCHEMICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA 358-5 YAMABUKI-CHO, SHINJUKU-KU, TOKYO, 162-0801, JAPAN SN 0016-7002 EI 1880-5973 J9 GEOCHEM J JI Geochem. J. PY 2007 VL 41 IS 2 BP 83 EP 95 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 183MC UT WOS:000247575900001 ER PT J AU Bunnell, JE Finkelman, RB Centeno, JA Selinus, O AF Bunnell, J. E. Finkelman, R. B. Centeno, J. A. Selinus, O. TI Medical Geology: a globally emerging discipline SO GEOLOGICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID BALKAN ENDEMIC NEPHROPATHY; ARSENIC EXPOSURE; HEALTH; IMPACTS AB Medical Geology, the study of the impacts of geologic materials and processes on animal and human health, is a dynamic emerging discipline bringing together the geoscience, biomedical, and public health communities to solve a wide range of environmental health problems. Among the Medical Geology described in this review are examples of both deficiency and toxicity of trace element exposure. Goiter is a widespread and potentially serious health problem caused by deficiency of iodine. In many locations the deficiency is attributable to low concentrations of iodine in the bedrock. Similarly, deficiency of selenium in the soil has been cited as the principal cause of juvenile cardiomyopathy and muscular abnormalities. Overexposure to arsenic is one of the most widespread Medical Geology problems affecting more than one hundred million people in Bangladesh, India, China, Europe, Africa and North and South America. The arsenic exposure is primarily due to naturally high levels in groundwater but combustion of mineralized coal has also caused arsenic poisoning. Dental and skeletal fluorosis also impacts the health of millions of people around the world and, like arsenic, is due to naturally high concentrations in drinking water and, to a lesser extent, coal combustion. Other Medical Geology issues described include geophagia, the deliberate ingestion of soil, exposure to radon, and ingestion of high concentrations of organic compounds in drinking water. Geoscience and biomedical/public health researchers are teaming to help mitigate these health problems as well as various non-traditional issues for geoscientists such as vector-borne diseases. C1 Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. Geol Survey Sweden, Uppsala, Sweden. RP Bunnell, JE (reprint author), USGS, EERT 956, Natl Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jbunnell@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 25 PU UNIV BARCELONA PI BARCELONA PA INST CIENCIES TERRA JAUME ALMERA-CSIC, LLUIS SOLE I SABARIS S-N, BARCELONA, E-08028, SPAIN SN 1695-6133 EI 1696-5728 J9 GEOL ACTA JI Geol. Acta PY 2007 VL 5 IS 3 BP 273 EP 281 PG 9 WC Geology SC Geology GA 208NO UT WOS:000249326700005 ER PT J AU Dorsey, RJ Fluette, A McDougall, K Housen, BA Janecke, SU Axen, GJ Shirvell, CR AF Dorsey, Rebecca J. Fluette, Amy McDougall, Kristin Housen, Bernard A. Janecke, Susanne U. Axen, Gary J. Shirvell, Catherine R. TI Chronology of Miocene-Pliocene deposits at Split Mountain Gorge, Southern California: A record of regional tectonics and Colorado River evolution SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE California; stratigraphy; tectonics; Miocene; Pliocene; Salton Trough; Colorado River ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; PLATE; BASIN; VALLECITO; DELTA AB Late Miocene to early Pliocene deposits at Split Mountain Gorge, California, preserve a record of basinal response to changes in regional tectonics, paleogeography, and evolution of the Colorado River. The base of the Elephant Trees Formation, magnetostratigraphically dated as 8.1 +/- 0.4 Ma, provides the earliest well-dated record of extension in the southwestern Salton Trough. The oldest marine sediments are ca. 6.3 Ma. The nearly synchronous timing of marine incursion in the Salton Trough and northern Gulf of California region supports a model for localization of Pacific-North America plate motion in the Gulf ca. 6 Ma. The first appearance of Colorado River sand at the Miocene-Pliocene boundary (5.33 Ma) suggests rapid propagation of the river to the Salton Trough, and supports a lake-spillover hypothesis for initiation of the lower Colorado River. C1 Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Western Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Geol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Dorsey, RJ (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM rdorsey@uoregon.edu NR 30 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 11 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JAN PY 2007 VL 35 IS 1 BP 57 EP 60 DI 10.1130/G23139A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 126AE UT WOS:000243483800015 ER PT J AU Bachmann, O Charlier, BLA Lowenstern, JB AF Bachmann, O. Charlier, B. L. A. Lowenstern, J. B. TI Zircon crystallization and recycling in the magma chamber of the rhyolitic Kos Plateau Tuff (Aegean arc) SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE igneous petrology; rhyolite; zircon geochronology; magma residence time; Aegean arc ID LONG RESIDENCE TIMES; ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY; PRECALDERA LAVAS; GLASS MOUNTAIN; VOLCANIC FIELD; NEW-ZEALAND; GREECE; ERUPTION; PB; ASSIMILATION AB In contrast to most large-volume silicic magmas in continental arcs, which are thought to evolve as open systems with significant assimilation of preexisting crust, the Kos Plateau Tuff magma formed dominantly by crystal fractionation of mafic parents. Deposits from this similar to 60 km(3) pyroclastic eruption (the largest known in the Aegean arc) lack xenocrystic zircons [secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) U-Pb ages on zircon cores never older than 500 ka] and display Sr-Nd whole-rock isotopic ratios within the range of European mantle in an area with exposed Paleozoic and Tertiary continental crust; this evidence implies a nearly closed-system chemical differentiation. Consequently, the age range provided by zircon SIMS U-Th-Pb dating is a reliable indicator of the duration of assembly and longevity of the silicic magma body above its sollidus. The age distribution from 160 ka (age of eruption by sanidine (40)Ar/(39)Ar dating; Smith et al., 1996) to ca. 500 ka combined with textural characteristics (high crystal content, corrosion of most anhydrous phenocrysts, but stability of hydrous phases) suggest (1) a protracted residence in the crust as a crystal mush and (2) rejuvenation (reduced crystallization and even partial resorption of minerals) prior to eruption probably induced by new influx of heat (and vollatilles). This extended evolution chemically isolated from the surrounding crust is a likely consequence of the regional geodynamics because the thinned Aegean microplate acts as a refractory container for magmas C1 Univ Geneva, Sect Sci Terre, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland. Open Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Bachmann, O (reprint author), Univ Geneva, Sect Sci Terre, 13 Rue Maraichers, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland. EM olivier.bachmann@terre.unige.ch; b.l.a.charlier@open.ac.uk; jlwnstrn@usgs.gov RI Charlier, Bruce/A-7548-2012 NR 36 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 4 U2 26 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-8505 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JAN PY 2007 VL 35 IS 1 BP 73 EP 76 DI 10.1130/G23151A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 126AE UT WOS:000243483800019 ER PT S AU Levich, RA Stuckless, JS AF Levich, Robert A. Stuckless, John S. BE Stuckless, JS Levich, RA TI Yucca Mountain, Nevada-A proposed geologic repository for high-level radioactive waste SO GEOLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY OF YUCCA MOUNTAIN AND VICINITY, SOUTHERN NEVADA AND CALIFORNIA SE Geological Society of America Memoir LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE nuclear waste; waste management; site selection; laws and regulations; geologic repository ID DISPOSAL; ZONES AB Yucca Mountain in Nevada represents the proposed solution to what has been a lengthy national effort to dispose of high-level radioactive waste, waste which must be isolated from the biosphere for tens of thousands of years. This chapter reviews the background of that national effort and includes some discussion of international work in order to provide a more complete framework for the problem of waste disposal. Other chapters provide the regional geologic setting, the geology of the Yucca Mountain site, the tectonics, and climate ( past, present, and future). These last two chapters are integral to prediction of long-term waste isolation. C1 [Levich, Robert A.] US DOE, Las Vegas, NV 89107 USA. [Stuckless, John S.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1069 BN 978-0-8137-1199-7 J9 GEOL SOC AM MEM JI Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. PY 2007 VL 199 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1130/2007.1199(01) PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BLX89 UT WOS:000271357900002 ER PT S AU Stuckless, JS O'Leary, DW AF Stuckless, John S. O'Leary, Dennis W. BE Stuckless, JS Levich, RA TI Geology of the Yucca Mountain region SO GEOLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY OF YUCCA MOUNTAIN AND VICINITY, SOUTHERN NEVADA AND CALIFORNIA SE Geological Society of America Memoir LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE general geology; structure; stratigraphy; repository ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; LAS-VEGAS-VALLEY; TERTIARY EXTENSION NORTH; INDEPENDENCE DIKE SWARM; NEVADA VOLCANIC FIELD; SEVIER OROGENIC BELT; DEATH-VALLEY; SOUTHERN NEVADA; SHEAR ZONE; RANGE PROVINCE AB Yucca Mountain has been proposed as the site for the nation's first geologic repository for high-level radioactive waste. This chapter provides the geologic framework for the Yucca Mountain region. The regional geologic units range in age from late Precambrian through Holocene, and these are described briefly. Yucca Mountain is composed dominantly of pyroclastic units that range in age from 11.4 to 15.2 Ma. The proposed repository would be constructed within the Topopah Spring Tuff, which is the lower of two major zoned and welded ash-flow tuffs within the Paintbrush Group. The two welded tuffs are separated by the partly to nonwelded Pah Canyon Tuff and Yucca Mountain Tuff, which together figure prominently in the hydrology of the unsaturated zone. The Quaternary deposits are primarily alluvial sediments with minor basaltic cinder cones and flows. Both have been studied extensively because of their importance in predicting the long-term performance of the proposed repository. Basaltic volcanism began ca. 10 Ma and continued as recently as ca. 80 ka with the eruption of cones and flows at Lathrop Wells, similar to 10 km south-southwest of Yucca Mountain. Geologic structure in the Yucca Mountain region is complex. During the latest Paleozoic and Mesozoic, strong compressional forces caused tight folding and thrust faulting. The present regional setting is one of extension, and normal faulting has been active from the Miocene through to the present. There are three major local tectonic domains: ( 1) Basin and Range, ( 2) Walker Lane, and ( 3) Inyo-Mono. Each domain has an effect on the stability of Yucca Mountain. C1 [Stuckless, John S.; O'Leary, Dennis W.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Stuckless, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 421,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 172 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 4 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1069 BN 978-0-8137-1199-7 J9 GEOL SOC AM MEM JI Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. PY 2007 VL 199 BP 9 EP 52 DI 10.1130/2007.1199(02) PG 44 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BLX89 UT WOS:000271357900003 ER PT S AU Keefer, WR Whitney, JW Buesch, DC AF Keefer, William R. Whitney, John W. Buesch, David C. BE Stuckless, JS Levich, RA TI Geology of the Yucca Mountain site area, southwestern Nevada SO GEOLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY OF YUCCA MOUNTAIN AND VICINITY, SOUTHERN NEVADA AND CALIFORNIA SE Geological Society of America Memoir LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Yucca Mountain; geologic repository; high-level radioactive waste; southwestern Nevada volcanic field; volcanic stratigraphy; Quaternary geology; structural blocks; faults ID SOUTHERN NEVADA; CALIFORNIA; FRAMEWORK; DEPOSITS; REGION; BASIN; FIELD AB Yucca Mountain in southwestern Nevada is a prominent, irregularly shaped upland formed by a thick apron of Miocene pyroclastic-flow and fallout tephra deposits, with minor lava flows, that was segmented by through-going, large-displacement normal faults into a series of north-trending, eastwardly tilted structural blocks. The principal volcanic-rock units are the Tiva Canyon and Topopah Spring Tuffs of the Paintbrush Group, which consist of volumetrically large eruptive sequences derived from compositionally distinct magma bodies in the nearby southwestern Nevada volcanic field, and are classic examples of a magmatic zonation characterized by an upper crystal-rich (>10% crystal fragments) member, a more voluminous lower crystal-poor (<5% crystal fragments) member, and an intervening thin transition zone. Rocks within the crystal-poor member of the Topopah Spring Tuff, lying some 280 m below the crest of Yucca Mountain, constitute the proposed host rock to be excavated for the storage of high-level radioactive wastes. Separation of the tuffaceous rock formations into subunits that allow for detailed mapping and structural interpretations is based on macroscopic features, most importantly the relative abundance of lithophysae and the degree of welding. The latter feature, varying from nonwelded through partly and moderately welded to densely welded, exerts a strong control on matrix porosities and other rock properties that provide essential criteria for distinguishing hydrogeologic and thermal-mechanical units, which are of major interest in evaluating the suitability of Yucca Mountain to host a safe and permanent geologic repository for waste storage. A thick and varied sequence of surficial deposits mantle large parts of the Yucca Mountain site area. Mapping of these deposits and associated soils in exposures and in the walls of trenches excavated across buried faults provides evidence for multiple surface-rupturing events along all of the major faults during Pleistocene and Holocene times; these paleoseismic studies form the basis for evaluating the potential for future earthquakes and fault displacements. Thermoluminescence and U-series analyses were used to date the surficial materials involved in the Quaternary faulting events. The rate of erosional downcutting of bedrock on the ridge crests and hillslopes of Yucca Mountain, being of particular concern with respect to the potential for breaching of the proposed underground storage facility, was studied by using rock varnish cation-ratio and (10)Be and (36)Cl cosmogenic dating methods to determine the length of time bedrock outcrops and hillslope boulder deposits were exposed to cosmic rays, which then served as a basis for calculating long-term erosion rates. The results indicate rates ranging from 0.04 to 0.27 cm/k.y., which represent the maximum downcutting along the summit of Yucca Mountain under all climatic conditions that existed there during most of Quaternary time. Associated studies include the stratigraphy of surficial deposits in Fortymile Wash, the major drainage course in the area, which record a complex history of four to five cut-and-fill cycles within the channel during middle to late Quaternary time. The last 2-4 m of incision probably occurred during the last pluvial climatic period, 22-18 ka, followed by aggradation to the present time. Major faults at Yucca Mountain-from east to west, the Paintbrush Canyon, Bow Ridge, Stagecoach Road, Solitario Canyon, Fatigue Wash, Windy Wash, and Northern and Southern Crater Flat Faults-trend predominantly north, are spaced 1-5 km apart, have bedrock displacements ranging from 125 m to as much as 500 m, and exhibit Quaternary movements of several centimeters to a few meters. Displacements are predominantly down to the west, and bedrock/alluvium contacts commonly are marked by fault-line scarps. The predominant northerly fault trend changes to a more northeasterly trend in adjacent areas south of the site area owing to clockwise vertical-axis rotation. Structural blocks between the block-bounding faults are internally deformed by numerous minor faults, some oriented northwest and exhibiting strike-slip movements. Investigations to determine the natural resource potential of the Yucca Mountain area-metallic minerals, industrial rocks and minerals, hydrocarbon and other energy resources, and geothermal resources-resulted in findings indicating that a given commodity either ( 1) is not known to exist in the area, or ( 2) is present in such low concentrations as to be noneconomic. C1 [Keefer, William R.; Whitney, John W.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Buesch, David C.] US Geol Survey, Las Vegas, NV 89144 USA. RP Keefer, WR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 162 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 7 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1069 BN 978-0-8137-1199-7 J9 GEOL SOC AM MEM JI Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. PY 2007 VL 199 BP 53 EP 103 DI 10.1130/2007.1199(03) PG 51 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BLX89 UT WOS:000271357900004 ER PT S AU O'Leary, DW AF O'Leary, Dennis W. BE Stuckless, JS Levich, RA TI Tectonic models for Yucca Mountain, Nevada SO GEOLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY OF YUCCA MOUNTAIN AND VICINITY, SOUTHERN NEVADA AND CALIFORNIA SE Geological Society of America Memoir LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Nevada; tectonic; model; faulting; deformation ID WESTERN-UNITED-STATES; LAS-VEGAS VALLEY; TERTIARY EXTENSION NORTH; ANGLE NORMAL FAULTS; GREAT-BASIN; RANGE PROVINCE; STRAIN ACCUMULATION; SOUTHERN NEVADA; SOUTHWESTERN NEVADA; VOLCANIC FIELD AB Performance of a high-level nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain hinges partly on long-term structural stability of the mountain, its susceptibility to tectonic disruption that includes fault displacement, seismic ground motion, and igneous intrusion. Because of the uncertainty involved with long-term ( 10,000 yr minimum) prediction of tectonic events ( e. g., earthquakes) and the incomplete understanding of the history of strain and its mechanisms in the Yucca Mountain region, a tectonic model is needed. A tectonic model should represent the structural assemblage of the mountain in its tectonic setting and account for that assemblage through a history of deformation in which all of the observed deformation features are linked in time and space. Four major types of tectonic models have been proposed for Yucca Mountain: a caldera model; simple shear ( detachment fault) models; pure shear ( planar fault) models; and lateral shear models. Most of the models seek to explain local features in the context of well-accepted regional deformation mechanisms. Evaluation of the models in light of site characterization shows that none of them completely accounts for all the known tectonic features of Yucca Mountain or is fully compatible with the deformation history. The Yucca Mountain project does not endorse a preferred tectonic model. However, most experts involved in the probabilistic volcanic hazards analysis and the probabilistic seismic hazards analysis preferred a planar fault type model. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP O'Leary, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 421,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 186 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1069 BN 978-0-8137-1199-7 J9 GEOL SOC AM MEM JI Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. PY 2007 VL 199 BP 105 EP 153 DI 10.1130/2007.1199(04) PG 49 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BLX89 UT WOS:000271357900005 ER PT S AU Heffern, EL Reiners, PW Naeser, CW Coates, DA AF Heffern, Edward L. Reiners, Peter W. Naeser, Charles W. Coates, Donald A. BE Stracher, GB TI Geochronology of clinker and implications for evolution of the Powder River Basin landscape, Wyoming and Montana SO GEOLOGY OF COAL FIRES: CASE STUDIES FROM AROUND THE WORLD SE Reviews in Engineering Geology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE coal-bed fires; clinker; geochronology; geomorphology; Powder River Basin ID ZIRCON (U-TH)/HE THERMOCHRONOMETRY; LATE CENOZOIC UPLIFT; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; EROSION RATES; AGES; QUATERNARY; DEPOSITS; PLAINS AB In the Powder River Basin of southeast Montana and northeast Wyoming, coal beds exposed by regional erosion have burned naturally from as early as the Pliocene to the present. Layers of reddish clinker, formed by baking, welding, and melting of sediments above burned coal beds, cover over 4000 km(2) and cap ridges and escarpments throughout the dissected landscape of the Powder River Basin. Fission-track (ZFT) and (U-Th)/He (ZHe) ages of zircon grains from baked sandstones in clinker provide new insights about rates of regional erosion as well as episodic advance of coal fires into hillsides. Older, resistant clinker layers up to 60 m thick, formed by the burning of thick coal beds, cap summits and broad benches. Younger clinker rims, from thinner coals, form ledges on valley sides. ZHe ages of clinker, mainly from the Wyodak-Anderson coal zone of the Fort Union Formation in the Rochelle Hills east of Wright, Wyoming, and from the Wyodak-Anderson and Knobloch coal zones in the Tongue River valley near Ashland and Birney, Montana, range from 1.1 Ma to 10 ka. These dates generally agree with ZFT ages of clinker analyzed in the early 1980s, but they are a more precise record of ancient coal fires in the region. Our data indicate 0.2-0.4 km of vertical erosion in the past 1 m.y. Spatial-temporal patterns of clinker ages may prove to be useful in deciphering the patterns of fluvial incision and basin excavation in the Powder River Basin during the late Cenozoic and in weighing the relative importance of uplift, variations in climate, and base-level change. C1 [Heffern, Edward L.] US Bur Land Management, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. [Reiners, Peter W.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Naeser, Charles W.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Heffern, EL (reprint author), US Bur Land Management, 5353 Yellowstone Rd, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. EM ed_heffern@blm.gov NR 49 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0080-2018 BN 978-0-8137-4118-5 J9 REV ENG GEOL PY 2007 VL 18 BP 155 EP 175 DI 10.1130/2007.4118(10) PG 21 WC Engineering, Geological; Environmental Sciences; Geology; Mineralogy SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Mineralogy GA BMH96 UT WOS:000272405500011 ER PT J AU Chapman, M AF Chapman, Mary BE Chapman, MG TI Preface: the rationale for planetary analog studies SO GEOLOGY OF MARS: EVIDENCE FROM EARTH-BASED ANALOGS SE Cambridge Planetary Science Series LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Chapman, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-83292-2 J9 CAMB PLANET PY 2007 IS 5 BP VII EP IX DI 10.1017/CBO9780511536014.001 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511536014 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA BXW26 UT WOS:000297320800001 ER PT J AU Keszthelyi, L McEwen, A AF Keszthelyi, Laszlo McEwen, Alfred BE Chapman, MG TI Comparison of flood lavas on Earth and Mars SO GEOLOGY OF MARS: EVIDENCE FROM EARTH-BASED ANALOGS SE Cambridge Planetary Science Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MARTIAN GEOLOGIC RECORD; LARGE IGNEOUS PROVINCES; RIVER BASALT GROUP; GLOBAL SURVEYOR; PULSED INFLATION; RECENT VOLCANISM; KILAUEA VOLCANO; FLOWS; PAHOEHOE; EMPLACEMENT C1 [Keszthelyi, Laszlo] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [McEwen, Alfred] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Keszthelyi, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 80 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-83292-2 J9 CAMB PLANET PY 2007 IS 5 BP 126 EP 150 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511536014.006 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511536014 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA BXW26 UT WOS:000297320800006 ER PT J AU Chapman, MG Smellie, JL AF Chapman, Mary G. Smellie, John L. BE Chapman, MG TI Mars interior layered deposits and terrestrial sub-ice volcanoes compared: observations and interpretations of similar geomorphic characteristics SO GEOLOGY OF MARS: EVIDENCE FROM EARTH-BASED ANALOGS SE Cambridge Planetary Science Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID VALLES-MARINERIS; ERUPTION; BRINES; ANTARCTICA; TOPOGRAPHY; LANDFORMS; ICELAND; BENEATH; SHEET; WATER C1 [Chapman, Mary G.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Smellie, John L.] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. RP Chapman, MG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 60 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-83292-2 J9 CAMB PLANET PY 2007 IS 5 BP 178 EP + DI 10.1017/CBO9780511536014.008 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511536014 PG 41 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA BXW26 UT WOS:000297320800008 ER PT J AU Schultz, RA Moore, JM Grosfils, EB Tanaka, KL Mege, D AF Schultz, Richard A. Moore, Jason M. Grosfils, Eric B. Tanaka, Kenneth L. Mege, Daniel BE Chapman, MG TI The Canyonlands model for planetary grabens: revised physical basis and implications SO GEOLOGY OF MARS: EVIDENCE FROM EARTH-BASED ANALOGS SE Cambridge Planetary Science Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SEGMENTED NORMAL FAULTS; CONJUGATE NORMAL FAULTS; VOLCANIC RIFT ZONES; SINGLE NORMAL-FAULT; RUPES THRUST-FAULT; TRACE LENGTH DATA; VALLES-MARINERIS; NATIONAL-PARK; MECHANICAL STRATIGRAPHY; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRAIN C1 [Schultz, Richard A.] Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Tanaka, Kenneth L.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Grosfils, Eric B.] Pomona Coll, Dept Geol, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Mege, Daniel] Univ Nantes, Lab Planetol & Geodynam, Nantes, France. [Moore, Jason M.] William Cotton & Associates, Los Gatos, CA USA. RP Schultz, RA (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RI Schultz, Richard/J-4015-2015 OI Schultz, Richard/0000-0003-3198-5263 NR 159 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-83292-2 J9 CAMB PLANET PY 2007 IS 5 BP 371 EP 399 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511536014.016 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511536014 PG 29 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA BXW26 UT WOS:000297320800016 ER PT J AU Metge, DW Harvey, RW Anders, R Rosenberry, DO Seymour, D Jasperse, J AF Metge, David W. Harvey, Ronald W. Anders, Robert Rosenberry, Donald O. Seymour, Donald Jasperse, Jay TI Use of carboxylated microspheres to assess transport potential of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts at the Russian River water supply facility, Sonoma County, California SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE bank filtration; microbiology; Cryptosporidium parvum; water quality ID SATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; SANDY AQUIFER; BANK FILTRATION; SEEPAGE METERS; BACTERIA; ATTENUATION; SURFACE; PATHOGENS; SEDIMENTS; GRADIENT AB Carboxylated microspheres were employed as surrogates to assess the transport potential of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts during forced- and natural-gradient tests conducted in July and October 2004. The tests involved poorly-sorted, near-surface sediments where groundwater is pumped from an alluvial aquifer underlying the Russian River, Sonoma County, CA. In an off channel infiltration basin and within the river, a mixture (2-, 3-, and 5-mu m diameters) of fluorescently-labeled carboxylated microspheres and bromide tracers were used in two injection and recovery test to assess sediment removal efficiency for the microspheres. Bottom sediments varied considerably in their filtration efficiency for Cryptosporidium. C1 US Geol Survey, WRD, NRP, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. US Geol Survey, WRD, San Diego, CA USA. US Geol Survey, WRD, NRD, Lakewood, CO USA. Sonoma Cty Water Agcy, Santa Rosa, CA USA. RP Metge, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, WRD, NRP, 3215 Marine St,E121, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM dwmetge@usgs.gov RI Rosenberry, Donald/C-2241-2013; Harvey, Ronald/C-5783-2013; OI Harvey, Ronald/0000-0002-2791-8503; Rosenberry, Donald/0000-0003-0681-5641 NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PY 2007 VL 24 IS 3-4 BP 231 EP 245 DI 10.1080/01490450701456867 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 193HZ UT WOS:000248266400010 ER PT J AU McDonald, MG Reilly, TE AF McDonald, Michael G. Reilly, Thomas E. TI Models of ground water systems - Not just tools but components in a scientific approach SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Editorial Material C1 McDonald Morrissey Associates Inc, Reston, VA 20190 USA. US Geol Survey, Off Ground Water, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP McDonald, MG (reprint author), McDonald Morrissey Associates Inc, 11735 Bowman Green Dr, Reston, VA 20190 USA. EM gndwater@aol.com; tereilly@usgs.gov OI Reilly, Thomas/0000-0002-2988-9881 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 45 IS 1 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00259.x PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 125WK UT WOS:000243474000001 PM 17257329 ER PT J AU Altig, R McDiarmid, RW AF Altig, Ronald McDiarmid, Roy W. TI Morphological diversity and evolution of egg and clutch structure in amphibians SO HERPETOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Review DE amphibia; clutch; eggs; evolution; jelly layers; oviposition; ovulation ID FOAM NEST CONSTRUCTION; MALABARENSIS TAYLOR APODA; XENOPUS-LAEVIS; AMBYSTOMA-MACULATUM; REPRODUCTIVE MODES; OVUM SIZE; LEPTODACTYLUS-LABYRINTHICUS; MACROMOLECULAR-COMPOSITION; FERTILIZATION ENVELOPE; OVIPOSITION BEHAVIOR AB The first part of this synthesis summarizes the morphology of the jelly layers surrounding ail amphibian ovum. We propose a standard terminology and discuss the evolution of jelly layers. The second part reviews the morphological diversity and arrangement of deposited eggs-the ovipositional mode; we recognize 5 morphological classes including 14 modes. We discuss some of the oviductal, ovipositional, and postovipositional events that contribute to these morphologies. we have incorporated data from taxa from thronghout the world but recognize that other types will he discovered that may modify understanding of these modes. Finally, we discuss the evolutionary context of the diversity of clutch structure and present a first estimate of its evolution. C1 [Altig, Ronald] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [McDiarmid, Roy W.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Widlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Altig, R (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM raltig@biology.msstate.edu NR 205 TC 35 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 6 PU HERPETOLOGISTS LEAGUE PI EMPORIA PA EMPORIA STATE UNIV, DIVISION BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 1200 COMMERCIAL ST, EMPORIA, KS 66801-5087 USA SN 0733-1347 EI 1938-5137 J9 HERPETOL MONOGR JI Herpetol. Monogr. PY 2007 VL 21 BP 1 EP 32 DI 10.1655/06-005.1 PG 32 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 251AD UT WOS:000252341700001 ER PT J AU Kenow, KP Lyon, JE Hines, RK Elfessi, A AF Kenow, Kevin P. Lyon, James E. Hines, Randy K. Elfessi, Abdulaziz TI Estimating biomass of submersed vegetation using a simple rake sampling technique SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE biomass; Mississippi River; sampling; submersed aquatic vegetation ID RECORDING FATHOMETER; LAKE AB We evaluated the use of a simple rake sampling technique for predicting the biomass of submersed aquatic vegetation. Vegetation sampled from impounded areas of the Mississippi River using a rake sampling technique, was compared with vegetation harvested from 0.33-m(2) quadrats. The resulting data were used to model the relationship between rake indices and vegetation biomass (total and for individual species). We constructed linear regression models using log-transformed biomass data for sites sampled in 1999 and 2000. Data collected in 2001 were used to validate the resulting models. The coefficient of determination (R-2) for predicting total biomass was 0.82 and ranged from 0.59 (Potamogeton pectinatus) to 0.89 (Ceratophyllum demersum) for individual species. Application of the model to estimate total submersed aquatic vegetation is illustrated using data collected independent of this study. The accuracy and precision of the models tested indicate that the rake method data may be used to predict total vegetation biomass and biomass of selected species; however, the method should be tested in other regions, in other plant communities, and on other species. C1 US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Math, La Crosse, WI 54602 USA. RP Kenow, KP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM kkenow@usgs.gov OI Kenow, Kevin/0000-0002-3062-5197 NR 15 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JAN PY 2007 VL 575 BP 447 EP 454 DI 10.1007/s10750-006-0284-z PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 112DG UT WOS:000242505000037 ER PT J AU Larson, GL Collier, R Buktenica, MW AF Larson, Gary L. Collier, Robert Buktenica, Mark W. TI Long-term limnological research and monitoring at Crater Lake, Oregon SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Crater Lake; limnology; lake monitoring; water quality; secchi disk ID PRODUCTIVITY; TRANSPARENCY; TAHOE AB Crater Lake is located in the caldera of Mount Mazama in Crater Lake National Park, Oregon. The lake has a surface area of about 53 km(2) at an elevation of 1882 m and a maximum depth of 594 m. Limited studies of this ultraoligotrophic lake conducted between 1896 and 1981, lead to a 10-year limnological study to evaluate any potential degradation of water quality. No long-term variations in water quality were observed that could be attributed to anthropogenic activity. Building on the success of this study, a permanent limnological program has been established with a long-term monitoring program to insure a reliable data base for use in the future. Of equal importance, this program serves as a research platform to develop and communicate to the public a better understanding of the coupled biological, physical, and geochemical processes in the lake and its surrounding environment. This special volume represents our current state of knowledge of the status of this pristine ecosystem including its special optical properties, algal nutrient limitations, pelagic bacteria, and models of the inter-relationships of thermal properties, nutrients, phytoplankton, deep-water mixing, and water budgets. C1 USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Oceanog & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Crater Lake Natl Pk, Crater Lake, OR 97604 USA. RP Larson, GL (reprint author), USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM gary_l._larson@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JAN PY 2007 VL 574 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1007/s10750-006-0342-6 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 110ER UT WOS:000242361600001 ER PT J AU Nathenson, M Bacon, CR Ramsey, DW AF Nathenson, Manuel Bacon, Charles R. Ramsey, David W. TI Subaqueous geology and a filling model for Crater Lake, Oregon SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Crater Lake; geology; filling model; caldera ID HEAT-FLOW; CALIFORNIA; HISTORY; WATER; LAVA AB Results of a detailed bathymetric survey of Crater Lake conducted in 2000, combined with previous results of submersible and dredge sampling, form the basis for a geologic map of the lake floor and a model for the filling of Crater Lake with water. The most prominent landforms beneath the surface of Crater Lake are andesite volcanoes that were active as the lake was filling with water, following caldera collapse during the climactic eruption of Mount Mazama 7700 cal. yr B.P. The Wizard Island volcano is the largest and probably was active longest, ceasing eruptions when the lake was 80 m lower than present. East of Wizard Island is the central platform volcano and related lava flow fields on the caldera floor. Merriam Cone is a symmetrical andesitic volcano that apparently was constructed subaqueously during the same period as the Wizard Island and central platform volcanoes. The youngest postcaldera volcanic feature is a small rhyodacite dome on the east flank of the Wizard Island edifice that dates from 4800 cal. yr B.P. The bathymetry also yields information on bedrock outcrops and talus/debris slopes of the caldera walls. Gravity flows transport sediment from wall sources to the deep basins of the lake. Several debris-avalanche deposits, containing blocks up to 280 m long, are present on the caldera floor and occur below major embayments in the caldera walls. Geothermal phenomena on the lake floor are bacterial mats, pools of solute-rich warm water, and fossil subaqueous hot spring deposits. Lake level is maintained by a balance between precipitation and inflow versus evaporation and leakage. High-resolution bathymetry reveals a series of up to nine drowned beaches in the upper 30 m of the lake that we propose reflect stillstands subsequent to filling of Crater Lake. A prominent wave-cut platform between 4 m depth and present lake level that commonly is up to 40 m wide suggests that the surface of Crater Lake has been at this elevation for a very long time. Lake level apparently is limited by leakage through a permeable layer in the northeast caldera wall. The deepest drowned beach approximately corresponds to the base of the permeable layer. Among a group of lake filling models, our preferred one is constrained by the drowned beaches, the permeable layer in the caldera wall, and paleoclimatic data. We used a precipitation rate 70% of modern as a limiting case. Satisfactory models require leakage to be proportional to elevation and the best fit model has a linear combination of 45% leakage proportional to elevation and 55% of leakage proportional to elevation above the base of the permeable layer. At modern precipitation rates, the lake would have taken 420 yr to fill, or a maximum of 740 yr if precipitation was 70% of the modern value. The filling model provides a chronology for prehistoric passage zones on postcaldera volcanoes that ceased erupting before the lake was filled. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Nathenson, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mnathnsn@usgs.gov OI Nathenson, Manuel/0000-0002-5216-984X NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JAN PY 2007 VL 574 BP 13 EP 27 DI 10.1007/s10750-006-0343-5 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 110ER UT WOS:000242361600002 ER PT J AU Larson, GL Hoffman, RL McIntire, DC Buktenica, MW Girdner, SF AF Larson, Gary L. Hoffman, Robert L. McIntire, David C. Buktenica, Mark W. Girdner, Scott F. TI Thermal, chemical, and optical properties of Crater Lake, Oregon SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Crater Lake; water quality; Secchi disk; optical properties ID NULL HYPOTHESIS AB Crater Lake covers the floor of the Mount Mazama caldera that formed 7700 years ago. The lake has a surface area of 53 km(2) and a maximum depth of 594 m. There is no outlet stream and surface inflow is limited to small streams and springs. Owing to its great volume and heat, the lake is not covered by snow and ice in winter unlike other lakes in the Cascade Range. The lake is isothermal in winter except for a slight increase in temperature in the deep lake from hyperadiabatic processes and inflow of hydrothermal fluids. During winter and spring the water column mixes to a depth of about 200-250 m from wind energy and convection. Circulation of the deep lake occurs periodically in winter and spring when cold, near-surface waters sink to the lake bottom; a process that results in the upwelling of nutrients, especially nitrate-N, into the upper strata of the lake. Thermal stratification occurs in late summer and fall. The maximum thickness of the epilimnion is about 20 m and the metalimnion extends to a depth of about 100 m. Thus, most of the lake volume is a cold hypolimnion. The year-round near-bottom temperature is about 3.5 degrees C. Overall, hydrothermal fluids define and temporally maintain the basic water quality characteristics of the lake (e.g., pH, alkalinity and conductivity). Total phosphorus and orthophosphate-P concentrations are fairly uniform throughout the water column, where as total Kjeldahl-N and ammonia-N are highest in concentration in the upper lake. Concentrations of nitrate-N increase with depth below 200 m. No long-term changes in water quality have been detected. Secchi disk (20-cm) clarity varied seasonally and annually, but was typically highest in June and lowest in August. During the current study, August Secchi disk clarity readings averaged about 30 m. The maximum individual clarity reading was 41.5 m in June 1997. The lowest reading was 18.1 m in July 1995. From 1896 (white-dinner plate) to 2003, the average August Secchi disk reading was about 30 m. No long-term changes in the Secchi disk clarity were observed. Average turbidity of the water column (2-550 m) between June and September from 1991 to 2000 as measured by a transmissometer ranged between 88.8% and 90.7%. The depth of 1% of the incident solar radiation during thermal stratification varied annually between 80 m and 100 m. Both of these measurements provided additional evidence about the exceptional clarity of Crater Lake. C1 USGS, Forest & rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USGS, Forest & rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Crater Lake Natl Pk, Crater Lake, OR 97604 USA. RP Larson, GL (reprint author), USGS, Forest & rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM gary_l._larson@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JAN PY 2007 VL 574 BP 69 EP 84 DI 10.1007/s10750-006-0346-2 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 110ER UT WOS:000242361600005 ER PT J AU Hargreaves, BR Girdner, SF Buktenica, MW Collier, RW Urbach, E Larson, GL AF Hargreaves, B. R. Girdner, S. F. Buktenica, M. W. Collier, R. W. Urbach, E. Larson, G. L. TI Ultraviolet radiation and bio-optics in Crater Lake, Oregon SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE ultraviolet radiation; plankton; optics; UV-B; stratospheric ozone ID QUANTITATIVE FILTER TECHNIQUE; SOLAR UV-RADIATION; NATURAL-WATERS; ABSORPTION-MEASUREMENTS; BIOOPTICAL PROPERTIES; SPECTRAL ABSORPTION; OCEAN COLOR; PHYTOPLANKTON; ATTENUATION; LIGHT AB Crater Lake, Oregon, is a mid-latitude caldera lake famous for its depth (594 m) and blue color. Recent underwater spectral measurements of solar radiation (300-800 nm) support earlier observations of unusual transparency and extend these to UV-B wavelengths. New data suggest that penetration of solar UVR into Crater Lake has a significant ecological impact. Evidence includes a correlation between water column chlorophyll-a and stratospheric ozone since 1984, the scarcity of organisms in the upper water column, and apparent UV screening pigments in phytoplankton that vary with depth. The lowest UV-B diffuse attenuation coefficients (K (d,320)) were similar to those reported for the clearest natural waters elsewhere, and were lower than estimates for pure water published in 1981. Optical proxies for UVR attenuation were correlated with chlorophyll-a concentration (0-30 m) during typical dry summer months from 1984 to 2002. Using all proxies and measurements of UV transparency, decadal and longer cycles were apparent but no long-term trend since the first optical measurement in 1896. C1 Lehigh Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. Crater Lake Natl Pk, Crater Lake, OR 97604 USA. Oregon State Univ, COAS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Hargreaves, BR (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 31 Williams Dr, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM brh0@lehigh.edu NR 80 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JAN PY 2007 VL 574 BP 107 EP 140 DI 10.1007/s10750-006-0348-0 PG 34 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 110ER UT WOS:000242361600007 ER PT J AU Larson, GL Hoffman, RL Hargreaves, BR Collier, RW AF Larson, Gary L. Hoffman, Robert L. Hargreaves, Bruce R. Collier, Robert W. TI Predicting Secchi disk depth from average beam attenuation in a deep, ultra-clear lake SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Secchi disk depth; beam attenuation; transmissometer; lakes ID WATER-QUALITY; CRATER LAKE; CHLOROPHYLL; ABSORPTION; INDEX; TAHOE; LIGHT AB We addressed potential sources of error in estimating the water clarity of mountain lakes by investigating the use of beam transmissometer measurements to estimate Secchi disk depth. The optical properties Secchi disk depth (SD) and beam transmissometer attenuation (BA) were measured in Crater Lake (Crater Lake National Park, Oregon, USA) at a designated sampling station near the maximum depth of the lake. A standard 20 cm black and white disk was used to measure SD. The transmissometer light source had a nearly monochromatic wavelength of 660 nm and a path length of 25 cm. We created a SD prediction model by regression of the inverse SD of 13 measurements recorded on days when environmental conditions were acceptable for disk deployment with BA averaged over the same depth range as the measured SD. The relationship between inverse SD and averaged BA was significant and the average 95% confidence interval for predicted SD relative to the measured SD was +/- 1.6 m (range = -4.6 to 5.5 m) or +/- 5.0%. Eleven additional sample dates tested the accuracy of the predictive model. The average 95% confidence interval for these sample dates was +/- 0.7 m (range = -3.5 to 3.8 m) or +/- 2.2%. The 1996-2000 time-series means for measured and predicted SD varied by 0.1 m, and the medians varied by 0.5 m. The time-series mean annual measured and predicted SD's also varied little, with intra-annual differences between measured and predicted mean annual SD ranging from -2.1 to 0.1 m. The results demonstrated that this prediction model reliably estimated Secchi disk depths and can be used to significantly expand optical observations in an environment where the conditions for standardized SD deployments are limited. C1 USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Lehigh Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Hoffman, RL (reprint author), USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 777 NW 9th St,Suite 400, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM robert_hoffman@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JAN PY 2007 VL 574 BP 141 EP 148 DI 10.1007/s10750-006-0349-z PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 110ER UT WOS:000242361600008 ER PT J AU Boss, ES Collier, R Larson, G Fennel, K Pegau, WS AF Boss, Emmanuel S. Collier, Robert Larson, Gary Fennel, Katja Pegau, W. S. TI Measurements of spectral optical properties and their relation to biogeochemical variables and processes in Crater Lake, Crater Lake National Park, OR SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Crater Lake; optics; biogeochemistry; backscattering coefficient ID LIGHT-SCATTERING; CASE-I; CHLOROPHYLL; WATERS; PHYTOPLANKTON; ABSORPTION; MODEL; INSTRUMENTS; COEFFICIENT; ATTENUATION AB Spectral inherent optical properties (IOPs) have been measured at Crater Lake, OR, an extremely clear sub-alpine lake. Indeed Pure water IOPs are major contributors to the total IOPs, and thus to the color of the lake. Variations in the spatial distribution of IOPs were observed in June and September 2001, and reflect biogeochemical processes in the lake. Absorption by colored dissolved organic material increases with depth and between June and September in the upper 300 m. This pattern is consistent with a net release of dissolved organic materials from primary and secondary production through the summer and its photo-oxidation near the surface. Waters fed by a tributary near the lake's rim exhibited low levels of absorption by dissolved organic materials. Scattering is mostly dominated by organic particulate material, though inorganic material is found to enter the lake from the rim following a rain storm. Several similarities to oceanic oligotrophic regions are observed: (a) The Beam attenuation correlates well with particulate organic material (POM) and the relationship is similar to that observed in the open ocean. (b) The specific absorption of colored dissolved organic material has a value similar to that of open ocean humic material. (c) The distribution of chlorophyll with depth does not follow the distribution of particulate organic material due to photo-acclimation resulting in a subsurface pigment maximum located about 50 m below the POM maximum. C1 Univ Maine, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Oregon State Univ, COAS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Rutgers State Univ, IMCS, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Boss, ES (reprint author), Univ Maine, 5741 Libby Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM emmanuel.boss@maine.edu RI Fennel, Katja/A-7470-2009; Boss, Emmanuel/C-5765-2009 OI Fennel, Katja/0000-0003-3170-2331; Boss, Emmanuel/0000-0002-8334-9595 NR 31 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JAN PY 2007 VL 574 BP 149 EP 159 DI 10.1007/s10750-006-2609-3 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 110ER UT WOS:000242361600009 ER PT J AU Urbach, E Vergin, KL Larson, GL Giovannoni, SJ AF Urbach, Ena Vergin, Kevin L. Larson, Gary L. Giovannoni, Stephen J. TI Bacterioplankton communities of Crater Lake, OR: dynamic changes with euphotic zone food web structure and stable deep water populations SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Crater Lake; bacterioplankton community structure; multidimensional scaling; green nonsulfur bacteria; marine Group I crenarchaeota; Daphnia predation ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; GREEN NONSULFUR BACTERIA; GENE-SEQUENCES; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; PLANKTONIC BACTERIA; MEDIATED CHANGES; SAR11 CLUSTER; DIVERSITY; PREDATION; SIZE AB The distribution of bacterial and archaeal species in Crater Lake plankton varies dramatically over depth and with time, as assessed by hybridization of group-specific oligonucleotides to RNA extracted from lakewater. Nonmetric, multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis of relative bacterial phylotype densities revealed complex relationships among assemblages sampled from depth profiles in July, August and September of 1997 through 1999. CL500-11 green nonsulfur bacteria (Phylum Chloroflexi) and marine Group I crenarchaeota are consistently dominant groups in the oxygenated deep waters at 300 and 500 m. Other phylotypes found in the deep waters are similar to surface and mid-depth populations and vary with time. Euphotic zone assemblages are dominated either by beta-proteobacteria or CL120-10 verrucomicrobia, and ACK4 actinomycetes. MDS analyses of euphotic zone populations in relation to environmental variables and phytoplankton and zooplankton population structures reveal apparent links between Daphnia pulicaria zooplankton population densities and microbial community structure. These patterns may reflect food web interactions that link kokanee salmon population densities to community structure of the bacterioplankton, via fish predation on Daphnia with cascading consequences to Daphnia bacterivory and predation on bacterivorous protists. These results demonstrate a stable bottom-water microbial community. They also extend previous observations of food web-driven changes in euphotic zone bacterioplankton community structure to an oligotrophic setting. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Urbach, E (reprint author), eMetagen Corp, 3591 Anderson St,Suite 207, Madison, WI 53704 USA. EM ena.urbach@emetagen.com NR 71 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JAN PY 2007 VL 574 BP 161 EP 177 DI 10.1007/s10750-006-0351-5 PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 110ER UT WOS:000242361600010 ER PT J AU McIntire, CD Larson, GL Truitt, RE AF McIntire, C. David Larson, Gary L. Truitt, Robert E. TI Seasonal and interannual variability in the taxonomic composition and production dynamics of phytoplankton assemblages in Crater Lake, Oregon SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Crater Lake; phytoplankton; chlorophyll; primary productivity; species composition ID DEEP CHLOROPHYLL MAXIMUM; CALIFORNIA-NEVADA; PACIFIC OCEAN; TAHOE; USA; CLASSIFICATION; NITROGEN AB Taxonomic composition and production dynamics of phytoplankton assemblages in Crater Lake, Oregon, were examined during time periods between 1984 and 2000. The objectives of the study were (1) to investigate spatial and temporal patterns in species composition, chlorophyll concentration, and primary productivity relative to seasonal patterns of water circulation; (2) to explore relationships between water column chemistry and the taxonomic composition of the phytoplankton; and (3) to determine effects of primary and secondary consumers on the phytoplankton assemblage. An analysis of 690 samples obtained on 50 sampling dates from 14 depths in the water column found a total of 163 phytoplankton taxa, 134 of which were identified to genus and 101 were identified to the species or variety level of classification. Dominant species by density or biovolume included Nitzschia gracilis, Stephanodiscus hantzschii, Ankistrodesmus spiralis, Mougeotia parvula, Dinobryon sertularia, Tribonema affine, Aphanocapsa delicatissima, Synechocystis sp., Gymnodinium inversum, and Peridinium inconspicuum. When the lake was thermally stratified in late summer, some of these species exhibited a stratified vertical distribution in the water column. A cluster analysis of these data also revealed a vertical stratification of the flora from the middle of the summer through the early fall. Multivariate test statistics indicated that there was a significant relationship between the species composition of the phytoplankton and a corresponding set of chemical variables measured for samples from the water column. In this case, concentrations of total phosphorus, ammonia, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, and alkalinity were associated with interannual changes in the flora; whereas pH and concentrations of dissolved oxygen, orthophosphate, nitrate, and silicon were more closely related to spatial variation and thermal stratification. The maximum chlorophyll concentration when the lake was thermally stratified in August and September was usually between depths of 100 m and 120 m. In comparison, the depth of maximum primary production ranged from 60 m to 80 m at this time of year. Regression analysis detected a weak negative relationship between chlorophyll concentration and Secchi disk depth, a measure of lake transparency. However, interannual changes in chlorophyll concentration and the species composition of the phytoplankton could not be explained by the removal of the septic field near Rim Village or by patterns of upwelling from the deep lake. An alternative trophic hypothesis proposes that the productivity of Crater Lake is controlled primarily by long-term patterns of climatic change that regulate the supply of allochthonous nutrients. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Geol Serv, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Natl Pk Serv, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. RP McIntire, CD (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM saxojazz@comcast.net NR 46 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JAN PY 2007 VL 574 BP 179 EP 204 DI 10.1007/s10750-006-0352-4 PG 26 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 110ER UT WOS:000242361600011 ER PT J AU Larson, GL McIntire, CD Buktenica, MW Girdner, SF Truitt, RE AF Larson, Gary L. McIntire, C. David Buktenica, Mark W. Girdner, Scott F. Truitt, Robert E. TI Distribution and abundance of zooplankton populations in Crater Lake, Oregon SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE zooplankton; rotifer; cladoceran; Caldera lake; Crater Lake ID ROTIFERS; TEMPERATURE; DAPHNIA; FOOD AB The zooplankton assemblages in Crater Lake exhibited consistency in species richness and general taxonomic composition, but varied in density and biomass during the period between 1988 and 2000. Collectively, the assemblages included 2 cladoceran taxa and 10 rotifer taxa (excluding rare taxa). Vertical habitat partitioning of the water column to a depth of 200 m was observed for most species with similar food habits and/or feeding mechanisms. No congeneric replacement was observed. The dominant species in the assemblages were variable, switching primarily between periods of dominance of Polyarthra-Keratella cochlearis and Daphnia. The unexpected occurrence and dominance of Asplanchna in 1991 and 1992 resulted in a major change in this typical temporal shift between Polyarthra-K. cochlearis and Daphnia. Following a collapse of the zooplankton biomass in 1993 that was probably caused by predation from Asplanchna, Kellicottia dominated the zooplankton assemblage biomass between 1994 and 1997. The decline in biomass of Kellicottia by 1998 coincided with a dramatic increase in Daphnia biomass. When Daphnia biomass declined by 2000, Keratella biomass increased again. Thus, by 1998 the assemblage returned to the typical shift between Keratella-Polyarthra and Daphnia. Although these observations provided considerable insight about the interannual variability of the zooplankton assemblages in Crater Lake, little was discovered about mechanisms behind the variability. When abundant, kokanee salmon may have played an important role in the disappearance of Daphnia in 1990 and 2000 either through predation, inducing diapause, or both. C1 US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Crater Lake Natl Pk, Crater Lake, OR 97604 USA. RP Larson, GL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM gary_l._larson@usgs.gov NR 47 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JAN PY 2007 VL 574 BP 217 EP 233 DI 10.1007/s10750-006-0354-2 PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 110ER UT WOS:000242361600013 ER PT J AU Buktenica, MW Girdner, SF Larson, GL McIntire, CD AF Buktenica, Mark W. Girdner, Scott F. Larson, Gary L. McIntire, C. David TI Variability of kokanee and rainbow trout food habits, distribution, and population dynamics, in an ultraoligotrophic lake with no manipulative management SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Oncorhynchus nerka; Oncorhynchus mykiss; food habits; distribution; population dynamics; ultraoligotrophic ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; JUVENILE SOCKEYE-SALMON; DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATIONS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; FRASER-RIVER; CRATER LAKE; MOUNTAIN LAKES; MYSIS-RELICTA; ALPINE LAKE; FISH AB Crater Lake is a unique environment to evaluate the ecology of introduced kokanee and rainbow trout because of its otherwise pristine state, low productivity, absence of manipulative management, and lack of lotic systems for fish spawning. Between 1986 and 2004, kokanee displayed a great deal of variation in population demographics with a pattern that reoccurred in about 10 years. We believe that the reoccurring pattern resulted from density dependent growth, and associated changes in reproduction and abundance, driven by prey resource limitation that resulted from low lake productivity exacerbated by prey consumption when kokanee were abundant. Kokanee fed primarily on small-bodied prey from the mid-water column; whereas rainbow trout fed on large-bodied prey from the benthos and lake surface. Cladoceran zooplankton abundance may be regulated by kokanee. And kokanee growth and reproductive success may be influenced by the availability of Daphnia pulicaria, which was absent in zooplankton samples collected annually from 1990 to 1995, and after 1999. Distribution and diel migration of kokanee varied over the duration of the study and appeared to be most closely associated with prey availability, maximization of bioenergetic efficiency, and fish density. Rainbow trout were less abundant than were kokanee and exhibited less variation in population demographics, distribution, and food habits. There is some evidence that the population dynamics of rainbow trout were in-part related to the availability of kokanee as prey. C1 Natl Pk Serv, Crater Lake Natl Pk, Crater Lake, OR 97604 USA. US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Buktenica, MW (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Crater Lake Natl Pk, POB 7, Crater Lake, OR 97604 USA. EM mark_buktenica@nps.gov NR 99 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JAN PY 2007 VL 574 BP 235 EP 264 DI 10.1007/s10750-006-0355-1 PG 30 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 110ER UT WOS:000242361600014 ER PT J AU Fennel, K Collier, R Larson, G Crawford, G Boss, E AF Fennel, Katja Collier, Robert Larson, Gary Crawford, Greg Boss, Emmanuel TI Seasonal nutrient and plankton dynamics in a physical-biological model of Crater Lake SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE physical-biological model; deep chlorophyll maximum; photoacclimation; Crater Lake ID FRESH-WATER ZOOPLANKTON; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; PHYTOPLANKTON PHOTOSYNTHESIS; OREGON; OCEAN; ECOSYSTEM; NITROGEN; CARBON; CHLOROPHYLL; ACCLIMATION AB A coupled 1D physical-biological model of Crater Lake is presented. The model simulates the seasonal evolution of two functional phytoplankton groups, total chlorophyll, and zooplankton in good quantitative agreement with observations from a 10-year monitoring study. During the stratified period in summer and early fall the model displays a marked vertical structure: the phytoplankton biomass of the functional group 1, which represents diatoms and dinoflagellates, has its highest concentration in the upper 40 m; the phytoplankton biomass of group 2, which represents chlorophyta, chrysophyta, cryptomonads and cyanobacteria, has its highest concentrations between 50 and 80 m, and phytoplankton chlorophyll has its maximum at 120 m depth. A similar vertical structure is a reoccurring feature in the available data. In the model the key process allowing a vertical separation between biomass and chlorophyll is photoacclimation. Vertical light attenuation (i.e., water clarity) and the physiological ability of phytoplankton to increase their cellular chlorophyll-to-biomass ratio are ultimately determining the location of the chlorophyll maximum. The location of the particle maxima on the other hand is determined by the balance between growth and losses and occurs where growth and losses equal. The vertical particle flux simulated by our model agrees well with flux measurements from a sediment trap. This motivated us to revisit a previously published study by Dymond et al. (1996). Dymond et al. used a box model to estimate the vertical particle flux and found a discrepancy by a factor 2.5-10 between their model-derived flux and measured fluxes from a sediment trap. Their box model neglected the exchange flux of dissolved and suspended organic matter, which, as our model and available data suggests is significant for the vertical exchange of nitrogen. Adjustment of Dymond et al.'s assumptions to account for dissolved and suspended nitrogen yields a flux estimate that is consistent with sediment trap measurements and our model. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Forest Sci Lab, USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Humboldt State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04473 USA. RP Fennel, K (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM kfennel@marine.rutgers.edu RI Fennel, Katja/A-7470-2009; Boss, Emmanuel/C-5765-2009; Crawford, Gregory/G-3661-2016 OI Fennel, Katja/0000-0003-3170-2331; Boss, Emmanuel/0000-0002-8334-9595; Crawford, Gregory/0000-0003-3194-4576 NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JAN PY 2007 VL 574 BP 265 EP 280 DI 10.1007/s10750-006-2615-5 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 110ER UT WOS:000242361600015 ER PT J AU Skinner, JA Tanaka, KL AF Skinner, James A., Jr. Tanaka, Kenneth L. TI Evidence for and implications of sedimentary diapirism and mud volcanism in the southern Utopia highland-lowland boundary plain, Mars SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars; Mars; surface; geological processes; regoliths ID ORBITER LASER ALTIMETER; NORTHERN PLAINS; GLOBAL SURVEYOR; EVOLUTION; ORIGIN; TOPOGRAPHY; GEOMORPHOLOGY; CRATERS; HISTORY; MODEL AB Several types of spatially associated landforms in the southern Utopia Planitia highland-lowland boundary (HLB) plain appear to have resulted from localized geologic activity, including (1) fractured rises, (2) elliptical mounds, (3) pitted cones with emanating lobate materials, and (4) isolated and coalesced cavi (depressions). Stratigraphic analysis indicates these features are Hesperian or younger and may be associated with resurfacing that preferentially destroyed smaller (< 8 km diameter) impact craters. Based on landform geomorphologies and spatial distributions, the documented features do not appear to be specifically related to igneous or periglacial processes or the back-wasting and erosion of the HLB scarp. We propose that these features are genetically related to and formed by sedimentary (mud) diapirs that ascended from zones of regionally confined. poorly consolidated. and mechanically weak material. We note morphologic similarities between the mounds and pitted cones of the southern Utopia boundary plain and terrestrial mud volcanoes in the Absheron Peninsula, Azerbaijan. These analogs provide a context for understanding the geological environments and processes that supported mud diapir-related modification of the HLB. In southern Utopia, mud diapirs near the Elysium volcanic edifice may have resulted in laccolith-like intrusions that produced the fractured rises, while in the central boundary plain mud diapirs could have extruded to form pitted cones, mounds, and lobate flows, perhaps related to compressional stresses that account for wrinkle ridges. The removal of material a few kilometers deep by diapiric processes may have resulted in subsidence and deformation of surface materials to form widespread cavi. Collectively, these inferences suggest that sedimentary diapirism and mud volcanism as well as related surface deformations could have been the dominant Hesperian mechanisms that altered the regional boundary plain. We discuss a model in which detritus would have accumulated thickly in the annular spaces between impact-generated structural rings of Utopia basin. We envision that these materials, and perhaps buried ejecta of Utopia basin, contained volatile-rich, low-density material that could provide the source material for the postulated sedimentary diapirs. Thick, water-rich, low-density sediments buried elsewhere along the HLB and within the lowland plains may account for similar landforms and resurfacing histories. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Skinner, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM jskinner@usgs.gov RI Skinner, James/M-7966-2014 NR 52 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2007 VL 186 IS 1 BP 41 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2006.08.013 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 125XA UT WOS:000243475600005 ER PT J AU Williams, DA Keszthelyi, LP Crown, DA Jaeger, WL Schenk, PM AF Williams, David A. Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. Crown, David A. Jaeger, Windy L. Schenk, Paul M. TI Geologic mapping of the Amirani-Gish Bar region of Io: Implications for the global geologic mapping of Io SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Jupiter; satellites; Io; geological processes; volcanism; satellite; surfaces ID GALILEO IMAGING DATA; JUPITERS MOON IO; SILICATE VOLCANISM; ACTIVE VOLCANISM; SULFUR FLOWS; PELE PLUME; SURFACE; NIMS; PROMETHEUS; MOUNTAINS AB We produced the first geologic map of the Amirani-Gish Bar region of Io, the last of four regional maps generated from Galileo mission data. The Amirani-Gish Bar region has five primary types of geologic materials: plains, mountains, Patera floors, flows, and diffuse deposits. The flows and patera floors are thought to be compositionally similar, but are subdivided based on interpretations regarding their emplacement environments and mechanisms. Our mapping shows that volcanic activity in the Amirani-Gish Bar region is dominated by the Amirani Eruptive Center (AEC), now recognized to be part of an extensive, combined Amirani-Maui flow field. A mappable flow connects Amiram and Maui, suggesting that Maui is fed from Amirani, such that the post-Voyager designation "Maui Eruptive Center" should be revised. Amirani contains at least four hot spots detected by Galileo, and is the source of widespread bright (sulfur?) flows and active dark (silicate?) flows being emplaced in the Promethean style (slowly emplaced, compound flow fields). The floor of Gish Bar Patera has been partially resurfaced by dark lava flows, although other parts of its floor are bright and appeared unchanged during the Galileo mission. This suggests that the floor did not undergo complete resurfacing as a lava lake as proposed for other ionian paterae. There are several other hot spots in the region that are the sources of both active dark flows (confined within paterae), and SO(2)- and S(2)-rich diffuse deposits. Mapped diffuse deposits around fractures on mountains and in the plains appear to serve as the source for gas venting without the release of magma, an association previously unrecognized in this region. The six mountains mapped in this region exhibit various states of degradation. In addition to gaining insight into this region of lo, all four maps are studied to assess the best methodology to use to produce a new global geologic map of lo based on the newly released, combined Galileo-Voyager global mosaics. To convey the complexity of ionian surface geology, we find that a new global geologic map of lo should include a map sheet displaying the global abundances and types of surface features as well as a complementary GIS database as a means to catalog the record of surface changes observed since the Voyager flybys and during the Galileo mission. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Williams, DA (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Box 871404, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM david.williams@asu.edu NR 54 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2007 VL 186 IS 1 BP 204 EP 217 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2006.08.023 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 125XA UT WOS:000243475600013 ER PT J AU Barnes, JW Brown, RH Soderblom, L Buratti, BJ Sotin, C Rodriguez, S Le Mouelic, S Baines, KH Clark, R Nicholson, P AF Barnes, Jason W. Brown, Robert H. Soderblom, Laurence Buratti, Bonnie J. Sotin, Christophe Rodriguez, Sebastien Le Mouelic, Stephane Baines, Kevin H. Clark, Roger Nicholson, Phil TI Global-scale surface spectral variations on Titan seen from Cassini/VIMS SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Titan ID ADAPTIVE OPTICS; MU-M; MIDLATITUDE CLOUDS; IMAGES; TELESCOPE; ROTATION; ALBEDO; WINDS AB We present global-scale maps of Titan from the Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) instrument on Cassini. We map at 64 near-infrared wavelengths simultaneously, covering the atmospheric windows at 0.94, 1.08, 1.28, 1.6, 2.0, 2.8, and 5 mu m with a typical resolution of 50 km/pixel or a typical total integration time of I s. Our maps have five to ten times the resolution of ground-based maps, better spectral resolution across most windows, coverage in multiple atmospheric windows, and represent the first spatially resolved maps of Titan at 5 mu m. The VIMS maps provide context and surface spectral information in support of other Cassini instruments. We note a strong latitudinal dependence in the spectral character of Titan's surface, and partition the surface into 9 spectral units that we describe in terms of spectral and spatial characteristics. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Fac Sci, Lab Planetol & Geodynam, F-44072 Nantes 3, France. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Barnes, JW (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Lunar & Planetary Lab, 1629 E Univ Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jbarnes@lpl.arizona.edu; rhb@lpl.arizona.edu RI Barnes, Jason/B-1284-2009; Rodriguez, Sebastien/H-5902-2016 OI Barnes, Jason/0000-0002-7755-3530; Rodriguez, Sebastien/0000-0003-1219-0641 NR 37 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2007 VL 186 IS 1 BP 242 EP 258 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2006.08.021 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 125XA UT WOS:000243475600016 ER PT J AU Filacchione, G Capaccioni, F McCord, TB Coradini, A Cerroni, P Bellucci, G Tosi, F D'Aversa, E Formisano, V Brown, RH Baines, KH Bibring, JP Buratti, BJ Clark, RN Combes, M Cruikshank, DP Drossart, P Jaumann, R Langevin, Y Matson, DL Mennella, V Nelson, RM Nicholson, PD Sicardy, B Sotin, C Hansen, G Hibbitts, K Showalter, M Newman, S AF Filacchione, G. Capaccioni, F. McCord, T. B. Coradini, A. Cerroni, P. Bellucci, G. Tosi, F. D'Aversa, E. Formisano, V. Brown, R. H. Baines, K. H. Bibring, J. P. Buratti, B. J. Clark, R. N. Combes, M. Cruikshank, D. P. Drossart, P. Jaumann, R. Langevin, Y. Matson, D. L. Mennella, V. Nelson, R. M. Nicholson, P. D. Sicardy, B. Sotin, C. Hansen, G. Hibbitts, K. Showalter, M. Newman, S. TI Saturn's icy satellites investigated by Cassini-VIMS - I. Full-disk properties: 350-5100 nm reflectance spectra and phase curves SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Saturn; satellites; spectroscopy; infrared observations; image processing ID INFRARED MAPPING SPECTROMETER; CARBON-DIOXIDE ICE; OUTER SOLAR-SYSTEM; WATER-ICE; H2O ICE; MU-M; IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY; ABSORPTION-SPECTRUM; GALILEAN SATELLITES; MOON PHOEBE AB Saturn's icy satellites are among the main scientific objectives of the Cassini-VIMS (Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer) experiment. This paper contains a first systematic and comparative analysis of the full-disk spectral properties of Dione, Enceladus, Epimetheus, Hyperion, Iapetus. Mimas. Phoebe. Rhea and Tethys as observed by VIMS from July 2004 to June 2005. The disk integrated properties (350-5100 nm reflectance spectra and phase curves at 550-2232 nm) and images of satellites are reported and discussed in detail together with the observed geometry. In general, the spectra in the visible spectral range are almost featureless and can be classified according to the spectral slopes: from the bluish Enceladus and Phoebe to the redder Iapetus, Hyperion and Epimetheus. In the 1000-1300 nm range the spectra of Enceladus, Tethys, Mimas and Rhea are characterized by a negative slope, consistent with a surface largely dominated by water ice, while the spectra of Iapetus, Hyperion and Phoebe show a considerable reddening pointing out the relevant role played by darkening materials present on the surface. In between these two classes are Dione and Epimetheus, which have a flat spectrum in this range. The main absorption bands identified in the infrared are the 1520, 2020, 3000 nm H2O/OH bands (for all satellites), although Iapetus dark terrains show mostly a deep 3000 nm band while the 1520 and 2020 nm bands are very faint. In this spectral range, the Iapetus spectrum is characterized by a strong reddening. The CO2 band at 4260 nm and the Fresnel ice peak around 3 100 nm are evident only on Hyperion, Phoebe and Iapetus. The phase curves at 550 and at 2232 nm are reported for all the available observations in the 0 degrees-144 degrees range; Rhea shows an opposition surge at visible wavelengths in the 0.5 degrees-1.17 degrees interval. The improvement on the retrieval of the full-disk reflectance spectra can be appreciated by a direct comparison with ground-based telescopic data available from literature. Finally, data processing strategies and recent upgrades introduced in the VIMS-V calibration pipeline (flat-field and destriping-despiking algorithm) are discussed in appendices. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, IASF, INAF, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Space Sci Inst, Bear Fight Ctr, Winthrop, WA 98862 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. IFSI, INAF, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrophys Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Observ Paris, Dept Rech Spatial, F-92195 Meudon, France. DLR, German Aerosp Ctr, Inst Space Sensor Technol & Planetary Explorat, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. Osserv Astron Capodimonte, INAF, I-80131 Naples, Italy. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Fac Sci, Lab Planetol & Geodynam, F-44072 Nantes 3, France. Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Filacchione, G (reprint author), Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, IASF, INAF, Via Fosso Cavaliere,100, I-00133 Rome, Italy. EM gianrico.filacchione@rm.iasf.cnr.it RI Hibbitts, Charles/B-7787-2016; OI Hibbitts, Charles/0000-0001-9089-4391; Cerroni, Priscilla/0000-0003-0239-2741; Bellucci, Giancarlo/0000-0003-0867-8679; Capaccioni, Fabrizio/0000-0003-1631-4314; Filacchione, Gianrico/0000-0001-9567-0055; D'Aversa, Emiliano/0000-0002-5842-5867; Tosi, Federico/0000-0003-4002-2434 NR 52 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2007 VL 186 IS 1 BP 259 EP 290 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2006.08.001 PG 32 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 125XA UT WOS:000243475600017 ER PT J AU Trembanis, AC Friedrichs, CT Richardson, MD Traykovski, P Howd, PA Elmore, PA Wever, TF AF Trembanis, Arthur C. Friedrichs, Carl T. Richardson, Michael D. Traykovski, Peter Howd, Peter A. Elmore, Paul A. Wever, Thomas F. TI Predicting seabed burial of cylinders by wave-induced scour: Application to the sandy inner shelf off Florida and Massachusetts SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE heterogeneous sediment; inner continental shelf; mine burial; real-time forecasts; scour modeling ID GEOMETRY AB A simple parameterized model for wave-induced burial of mine-like cylinders as a function of grain-size, time-varying, wave orbital velocity and mine diameter was implemented and assessed against results from inert instrumented mines placed off the Indian Rocks Beach (IRB, FL), and off the Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory (MVCO, Edgartown, MA). The steady flow scour parameters provided by Whitehouse (1998) for self-settling cylinders worked well for predicting burial by depth below the ambient seabed for O (0.5 in) diameter mines in fine sand at both sites. By including or excluding scour pit infilling, a range of percent burial by surface area was predicted that was also consistent with observations. Rapid scour pit infilling was often seen at MVCO but never at IRB, suggesting that the environmental presence of fine sediment plays a key role in promoting infilling. Overprediction of mine scour in coarse sand was corrected by assuming a mine within a field of large ripples buries only until it generates no more turbulence than that produced by surrounding bedforms. The feasibility of using a regional wave model to predict mine burial in both hindcast and real-time forecast mode was tested using the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA, Washington, DC) WaveWatch 3 (WW3) model. Hindcast waves were adequate for useful operational forcing of mine burial predictions, but five-day wave forecasts introduced large errors. This investigation was part of a larger effort to develop simple yet reliable predictions of mine burial suitable for addressing the operational needs of the U.S. Navy. C1 Univ Delaware, CSHEL, Dept Geol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Appl Ocean Phys & Engn Dept, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. FWG, D-24148 Kiel, Germany. RP Trembanis, AC (reprint author), Univ Delaware, CSHEL, Dept Geol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM art@udel.edu; ThomasWever@bwb.org OI Trembanis, Arthur/0000-0003-1316-7494; Friedrichs, Carl/0000-0002-1810-900X NR 28 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1 BP 167 EP 183 DI 10.1109/JOE.2007.890958 PG 17 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 194AB UT WOS:000248315200015 ER PT S AU Damoah-Afari, P Ding, XL Li, ZW Lu, Z Omura, M AF Damoah-Afari, Peter Ding, Xiao-li Li, Zhiwei Lu, Zhong Omura, Makoto GP IEEE TI Six years of land subsidence in Shanghai revealed by JERS-1 SAR data SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE DE differential interferometry; DInSAR; land subsidence; JERS-1; coherence analysis ID RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; EARTHS SURFACE; DEFORMATION AB Differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) (DInSAR) has proven to be very useful in mapping and monitoring land subsidence in many regions of the world. Shanghai, China's largest city, is one of such areas suffering from land subsidence as a result of severe withdrawal of groundwater for different usages. DInSAR application in Shanghai with the C-band European Remote Sensing 1 & 2 (ERS-1/2) SAR data has been difficult mainly due to the problem of decorrelation of InSAR pairs with temporal baselines larger than 10 months. To overcome the coherence loss of C-band InSAR data, we used eight L-band Japanese Earth Resource Satellite (JERS-1) SAR data acquired during 2 October 1992 to 15 July 1998 to study land subsidence phenomenon in Shanghai. Three of the images were used to produce two separate digital elevation models (DEMs) of the study area to remove topographic fringes from the interferograms used for subsidence mapping. Six interferograms were used to generate 2 different time series of deformation maps over Shanghai. The cumulative subsidence map generated from each of the time series is in agreement with the land subsidence measurements of Shanghai city from 1990 - 1998, produced from other survey methods. C1 [Damoah-Afari, Peter; Ding, Xiao-li; Li, Zhiwei] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Land Surveying & Geoinformat, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Lu, Zhong] US Geol Survey, Washington, DC USA. [Omura, Makoto] Kochi Womens Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Kochi 780 8515, Japan. RP Damoah-Afari, P (reprint author), Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Land Surveying & Geoinformat, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM p.damoah@polyu.edu.hk; lsxlding@polyu.edu.hk; lszwli@polyu.edu.hk; lu@usgs.gov RI Ding, Xiaoli/K-4596-2013; Li, Zhi-wei/H-3629-2015 OI Ding, Xiaoli/0000-0002-5733-3629; Li, Zhi-wei/0000-0003-4575-5258 FU Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government [PolyU 5157/05E] FX ERS-1 and ERS-2, and JERS-1 SAR images are copyright (c) 1992-1998 of European Space Agency (ESA), and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), respectively, and were provided by the ESA and JAXA. The work was supported by the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government (Project No.: PolyU 5157/05E). The first author would like to express his sincere thanks to the Hong Kong Polytechnic Univers ity for providing him a studentship to enable him to pursue PhD studies. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 2093 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4423246 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657302089 ER PT S AU Teague, CC Barrick, DE Lilleboe, PM Cheng, RT AF Teague, Calvin C. Barrick, Donald E. Lilleboe, Peter M. Cheng, Ralph T. GP IEEE TI Two-dimensional surface river flow patterns measured with paired RiverSondes SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE AB Two RiverSondes were operated simultaneously in close proximity in order to provide a two-dimensional map of river surface velocity. The initial test was carried out at Threemile Slough in central California. The two radars were installed about 135 in apart on the same bank of the channel. Each radar used a 3-yagi antenna array and determined signal directions using direction finding. The slough is approximately 200 in wide, and each radar processed data out to about 300 in, with a range resolution of 15 in and an angular resolution of 1 degree. Overlapping radial vector data from the two radars were combined to produce total current vectors at a grid spacing of 10 in, with updates every 5 minutes. The river flow in the region, which has a maximum velocity of about 0.8 m/s, is tidally driven with flow reversals every 6 hours, and complex flow patterns were seen during flow reversal. The system performed well with minimal mutual interference. The ability to provide continuous, non-contact two-dimensional river surface flow measurements will be useful in several unique settings, such as studies of flow at river junctions where impacts to juvenile fish migration are significant. Additional field experiments are planned this year on the Sacramento River. C1 [Teague, Calvin C.; Barrick, Donald E.; Lilleboe, Peter M.] CODAR Ocean Sensors Ltd, 1914 Plymouth St, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Cheng, Ralph T.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Teague, CC (reprint author), CODAR Ocean Sensors Ltd, 1914 Plymouth St, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. EM cal@codar.com; don@codar.com; pete@codar.com; rtcheng@usgs.gov NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 2491 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4423349 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657302192 ER PT S AU Tan, SX Stoker, J Greenlee, S AF Tan, Songxin Stoker, Jason Greenlee, Susan GP IEEE TI Detection of foliage-obscured vehicle using a multiwavelength polarimetric lidar SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE DE polarimetric lidar; cross-polarization ratio; target detection AB Foliage obscured man-made targets detection and identification is of great interest to many applications. In this paper, the backscattered laser signals from a multiwavelength polarimetric lidar were used to detect a vehicle hidden inside a vegetated area. The polarimetric reflectance data from the lidar at two separate laser wavelengths at 1064 nm and 532 nm revealed distinct target characteristics from both the vehicle and the vegetation. The results from this case study demonstrated the validity of the proposed lidar detection technique. Furthermore, the results could potentially lead to a lidar detection and identification technique for a wide variety of foliage-obscured man-made targets under various application scenarios. C1 [Tan, Songxin] South Dakota State Univ, Dept EECS, Box 2220, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Stoker, Jason] Sci Applicat Int Corp, USGS EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Tan, SX (reprint author), South Dakota State Univ, Dept EECS, Box 2220, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM songxin.tan@sdstate.edu; jstoker@usgs.gov; sgreelee@usgs.gov OI Stoker, Jason/0000-0003-2455-0931 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 2503 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4423352 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657302195 ER PT S AU Bouvet, M Goryl, P Chander, G Santer, R Saunier, S AF Bouvet, Marc Goryl, Philippe Chander, Gyanesh Santer, Richard Saunier, Sebastien GP IEEE TI Preliminary radiometric calibration assessment of ALOS AVNIR-2 SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE DE ALOS; AVNIR-2; calibration; intercomparison; L5; TM; MERIS; POLDER-3; MODIS AB This paper summarizes the activities carried out in the frame of the data quality activities of the Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer type 2 (AVNIR-2) sensor onboard the Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS). Assessment of the radiometric calibration of the AVNIR-2 multi-spectral imager is achieved via three intercomparisons to currently flying sensors over the Libyan desert, during the first year of operation. All three methodologies indicate a slight underestimation of AVNIR-2 in band I by 4 to 7 % with respect to other sensors radiometric scale. Band 2 does not show any obvious bias. Results for band 3 are affected by saturation due to inappropriate gain setting. Two methodologies indicate no significant bias in band 4. Preliminary results indicate possible degradations of the AVNIR-2 channels, which, when modeled as an exponentially decreasing functions, have time constants of respectively 13.2 %.year(-1), 8.8 %.year(-1) and 0.1 %.year(-1) in band 1, 2 and 4 (with respect to the radiometric scale of the NlEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer, MERIS). Longer time series of AVNIR-2 data are needed to draw final conclusions. C1 [Bouvet, Marc] European Space Agcy, Wave Interact & Propagat Sect, Keplerlaan 1,PB 299, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Goryl, Philippe] European Space Agcy, Data Qual & Algorithms Off, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. [Chander, Gyanesh] USGS EROS, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Santer, Richard] ULCO, F-629320 Wimereux, France. [Saunier, Sebastien] GAEL, F-77420 Champs sur Marne, France. RP Bouvet, M (reprint author), European Space Agcy, Wave Interact & Propagat Sect, Keplerlaan 1,PB 299, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. EM marc.bouvet@esa.int; philippe.gory@esa.int; gchander@usgs.gov; santer@univ-littoral.fr; sebastien.saunier@gael.fr NR 3 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 2673 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4423393 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657303004 ER PT S AU Micijevic, E Chander, G Hayes, RW AF Micijevic, Esad Chander, Gyanesh Hayes, Ronald W. GP IEEE TI Improved outgassing models for the Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE DE Landsat; L5 TM; outgassing; contamination; icing; thin-film; calibration; radiometry ID RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION AB The Landsat-5 (L5) Thematic Mapper (TM) detectors of the short wave infrared (SWIR) bands 5 and 7 are maintained on cryogenic temperatures to minimize thermal noise and allow adequate detection of scene energy. Over the instrument's lifetime, gain oscillations are observed in these bands that are caused by an ice-like contaminant that gradually builds up on the window of a dewar that houses these bands' detectors. This process of icing, an effect of material outgassing in space, is detected and characterized through observations of Internal Calibrator (IC) data. Analyses of IC data indicated three to five percent uncertainty in absolute gain estimates due to this icing phenomenon. The thin-film interference lifetime models implemented in the image product generation systems at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Center for Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) successfully remove up to 80 percent of the icing effects for the image acquisition period from the satellite's launch in 1984 until 2001; however, their correction ability was found to be much lower for the time thereafter. This study concentrates on improving the estimates of the contaminant film growth rate and the associated change in the period of gain oscillations. The goal is to provide model parameters with the potential to correct 70 to 80 percent of gain uncertainties caused by outgassing effects in L5 TM bands 5 and 7 over the instrument's entire lifetime. C1 [Micijevic, Esad; Chander, Gyanesh; Hayes, Ronald W.] US Geol Survey, SAIC, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Micijevic, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SAIC, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM emicijevic@usgs.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 2860 EP 2863 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4423440 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657303051 ER PT S AU Chander, G Micijevic, E Hayes, RW Barsi, JA AF Chander, Gyanesh Micijevic, Esad Hayes, Ronald W. Barsi, Julia A. GP IEEE TI Radiometric recalibration procedure for Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper data SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE DE Landsat; L7 ETM+; L5 TM; calibration; recalibration; IC; LUT; USGS; NLAPS; gain; bias ID CALIBRATION AB The Landsat-5 (L5) satellite was launched on March 01, 1984, with a design life of three years. Incredibly, the L5 Thematic Mapper (TM) has collected data for 23 years. Over this time, the detectors have aged, and its radiometric characteristics have changed since launch. The calibration procedures and parameters have also changed with time. Revised radiometric calibrations have improved the radiomctric accuracy of recently processed data; however, users with data that were processed prior to the calibration update do not benefit from the revisions. A procedure has been developed to give users the ability to recalibrate their existing Level 1 (L1) products without having to purchase reprocessed data from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The accuracy of the recalibration is dependent on the knowledge of the prior calibration applied to the data. The "Work Order" file, included with standard National Land Archive Production System (NLAPS) data products, gives parameters that define the applied calibration. These are the Internal Calibrator (IQ calibration parameters or the default prelaunch calibration, if there were problems with the IC calibration. This paper details the recalibration procedure for data processed using IC, in which users have the Work Order file. C1 [Chander, Gyanesh; Micijevic, Esad; Hayes, Ronald W.] USGS EROS, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Barsi, Julia A.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Chander, G (reprint author), USGS EROS, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD USA. EM gchander@usgs.gov FU [03CRCN0001] FX Work performed under U.S. Geological Survey contract 03CRCN0001. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 4132 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657305151 ER PT S AU Duda, KA Ramsey, M Wessels, R Dehn, J AF Duda, Kenneth A. Ramsey, Michael Wessels, Rick Dehn, Jonathan GP IEEE TI Monitoring volcanic threats using ASTER satellite data SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE DE volcano; ASTER; satellite; thermal; monitor AB This document summarizes ongoing activities associated with a research project funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) focusing on volcanic change detection through the use of satellite imagery. This work includes systems development as well as improvements in data analysis methods. Participating organizations include the NASA Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LP DAAC) at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Center for Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS), the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Science Team, the Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) at the USGS Alaska Science Center, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology (JPL/CalTech), the University of Pittsburgh, and the University of Alaska Fairbanks. C1 [Duda, Kenneth A.] NASA, SAIC, US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci,Land Proc Dist, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Wessels, Rick] US Geolog Survey, Alaska Volcano Obser, Anchorage, AK 99907 USA. [Ramsey, Michael] Univ Pittsburgh, ASTER Sci Team, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Dehn, Jonathan] Univ Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Duda, KA (reprint author), NASA, SAIC, US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci,Land Proc Dist, Sioux Falls, SD USA. EM duda@usgs.gov FU NASA [NNG04GO69G]; USGS [03CRCN000] FX Work performed under NASA grant NNG04GO69G and USGS contract 03CRCN000. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 4669 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657304064 ER PT S AU Lee, CW Lu, Z Kwoun, OI AF Lee, C. -W. Lu, Z. Kwoun, O. -I. GP IEEE TI SAR measurements of surface displacements at Augustine volcano, Alaska from 1992 to 2005 SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE DE suface displacements; interferometry; least square (LS) method; singular value decomposition (SVD) method ID RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; INSAR C1 [Lee, C. -W.] Yonsei Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci, 134 Shinchon Dong, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Lu, Z.; Kwoun, O. -I.] USGS EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Lee, CW (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci, 134 Shinchon Dong, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM crystalseven@yonsei.ac.kr; lu@usgs.gov FU Korea Research Foundation - Korean Government (MOEHRD) [KRF- 2006-511-C00122]; USGS Volcano Hazards Program; USGS Land Remote Sensing Program FX This study was supported by the Korea Research Foundation Grand funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD) (KRF- 2006-511-C00122), the USGS Volcano Hazards Program, and the USGS Land Remote Sensing Program. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 4671 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657304065 ER PT B AU Meyer, DJ Chander, G AF Meyer, David J. Chander, Gyanesh GP IEEE TI The effect of variations in relative spectral response on the retrieval of land surface parameters from multiple sources of remotely sensed imagery SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE DE MODIS; ETM; cross-calibration; AVIRIS; relative spectral response AB Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) images, collected over Sioux Falls, South Dakota, were used to quantify the effect of spectral response on different surface materials and to develop spectral "figures-of-merit" for spectral responses covering similar, but not identical spectral bands. In this simulation, AVIRIS images were converted to radiance, then spectrally resampled to six wavelength bands commonly used for terrestrial observation. Preliminary results indicate that differences between the simulations can be attributed to variations in surface reflectance within spectral bands, and suggest influences due to water vapor absorption. Radiance simulated from the spectrally narrow Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Relative Spectral Responses (RSR) was generally higher than that using the broader Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) RSRs over most targets encountered over the test area. This is consistent with many MODIS bands being biased toward shorter wavelengths compared to corresponding ETM+ bands when viewing targets whose radiance decreases with wavelength. In some cases the higher radiance values appeared to occur where the MODIS RSR is better situated over peak reflected wavelengths. Simulation differences between MODIS & ETM+ bands in the near-infrared indicated higher MODIS radiance values that suggest the influence of water vapor absorption at 820 nanometers. This result agreed with water vapor values retrieved from the AVIRIS images themselves at around 2.7 cm precipitable water, and measurements made at a nearby AERONET node at around 2.8cm during the AVIRIS overflight. C1 [Meyer, David J.; Chander, Gyanesh] Sci Applicat Int Corp, USGS Ctr Earth Resource Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Meyer, DJ (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, USGS Ctr Earth Resource Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 5150 EP 5153 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657304185 ER PT J AU Densmore, CL Green, DE AF Densmore, Christine L. Green, David Earl TI Diseases of amphibians SO ILAR JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE amphibian; anuran; caudate; disease; infection; medicine; pathogen ID FROGS XENOPUS-LAEVIS; CHYTRID BATRACHOCHYTRIUM-DENDROBATIDIS; TIME TAQMAN PCR; POPULATION DECLINES; MORTALITY EVENTS; CHLAMYDIA-PNEUMONIAE; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; HYLA-CHRYSOSCELIS; RANA-CATESBEIANA; LEOPARD FROGS AB The development and refinement of amphibian medicine comprise an ongoing science that reflects the unique life history of these animals and our growing knowledge of amphibian diseases. Amphibians are notoriously fastidious in terms of captive care requirements, and the majority of diseases of amphibians maintained in captivity will relate directly or indirectly to husbandry and management. Investigators have described many infectious and noninfectious diseases that occur among various species of captive and wild amphibians, and there is considerable overlap in the diseases of captive versus free-ranging populations. In this article, some of the more commonly reported infectious and noninfectious diseases as well as their etiological agents and causative factors are reviewed. Some of the more common amphibian diseases with bacterial etiologies include bacterial dermatosepticemia or "red leg syndrome," flavobacteriosis, mycobacteriosis, and chlamydiosis. The most common viral diseases of amphibians are caused by the ranaviruses, which have an impact on many species of anurans and caudates. Mycotic and mycotic-like organisms cause a number of diseases among amphibians, including chytridiomycosis, zygomycoses, chromomycoses, saprolegniasis, and ichthyophoniasis. Protozoan parasites of amphibians include a variety of amoeba, ciliates, flagellates, and sporozoans Common metazoan parasites include various myxozoans, helminths (particularly trematodes and nematodes), and arthropods. Commonly encountered noninfectious disease etiologies for amphibians include neoplasia, absolute or specific nutritional deficiencies or overloads, chemical toxicities, and inadequate husbandry or environmental management. C1 US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, US Dept Interior, Kearneysville, WV 25439 USA. Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. RP Densmore, CL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, US Dept Interior, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25439 USA. EM cdensmore@usgs.gov NR 117 TC 76 Z9 82 U1 3 U2 45 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1084-2020 EI 1930-6180 J9 ILAR J JI ILAR J. PY 2007 VL 48 IS 3 BP 235 EP 254 PG 20 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 176VE UT WOS:000247112200006 PM 17592186 ER PT J AU Belden, JB Gilliom, RJ Martin, JD Lydy, MJ AF Belden, Jason B. Gilliom, Robert J. Martin, Jeffrey D. Lydy, Michael J. TI Relative Toxicity and Occurrence Patterns of Pesticide Mixtures in Streams Draining Agricultural Watersheds Dominated by Corn and Soybean Production SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Pesticide toxicity index; Mixtures; Hazard quotients; Corn; Soybean AB To evaluate the relative toxicity and the occurrence patterns of pesticide mixtures in streams draining agricultural watersheds, a 3-step approach was used. First, a landscape of interest was identified, defined, and isolated. Second, the relative toxicity of mixtures, on the basis of pesticide toxicity index scores, was compared with the relative toxicity of the highest individual pesticide, on the basis of highest toxicity quotient values. Third, occurrence patterns of pesticide mixtures were identified for use in follow-up mechanistic studies. The landscape of interest was identified as the corn and soybeans crop setting and concentrations of pesticides in streams within this crop setting were determined from US Geological Survey data. Pesticide toxicity index scores for individual samples were highest for the primary producers, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Lemna gibba; with 95th percentile pesticide toxicity index scores of 4.7 and 1.9, respectively. The 95th percentile pesticide toxicity index score for Daphnia magna was 0.40 when a chronic sublethal endpoint was used. Pesticide toxicity index values were above the highest toxicity quotient values, indicating that consideration of mixtures does increase the estimated risk, but pesticide toxicity index scores were generally within a factor of 2 of highest toxicity quotient values, indicating that the increased risk is not large for most samples. Pesticide toxicity index scores tended to be dominated by individual pesticides and simple mixtures. Two different prioritization strategies were used to identify important mixtures for further study on the basis of potential effects on P. subcapitata. Both techniques decreased the complexity of the pesticide mixtures to consider by reducing the number of components within the identified mixtures as well as identifying a few specific combinations that constitute the majority of mixtures within the sample. Nearly all important pesticides for P. subcapitata were herbicides from 2 chemical classes: Acetanilide and triazine herbicides. C1 [Belden, Jason B.; Lydy, Michael J.] So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Belden, Jason B.; Lydy, Michael J.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Belden, Jason B.] Baylor Univ, Dept Environm Studies, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Gilliom, Robert J.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Martin, Jeffrey D.] US Geol Survey, Pesticide Natl Synth Grp, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. RP Lydy, MJ (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA.; Lydy, MJ (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM mlydy@siu.edu RI Belden, Jason/H-1764-2014 OI Belden, Jason/0000-0002-0432-7700 FU US Department of Agriculture through the National Research Initiative Competitive Grant Program [2003-35102-13545] FX Database assistance was provided by Brian Montague, USEPA, Office of Pesticide Programs, and Christine Russom of USEPA, Mid-Continental Research Division. Initial reviews provided by Patrick Moran and Patricia Toccalino of the USGS. Partial funding was provided by a grant from the US Department of Agriculture through the National Research Initiative Competitive Grant Program (grant 2003-35102-13545). NR 24 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 3 IS 1 BP 90 EP 100 DI 10.1002/ieam.5630030108 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA V43WX UT WOS:000209712600008 PM 17283598 ER PT J AU Coupe, RH AF Coupe, Richard H. TI Use of a watershed model to characterize the fate and transport of fluometuron, a soil-applied cotton herbicide, in surface water SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE SWAT; Bogue Phalia; fluometuron; Mississippi; cotton AB The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to characterize the fate and transport of fluometuron (a herbicide used on cotton) in the Bogue Phalia Basin in northwestern Mississippi, USA. SWAT is a basin- scale watershed model, able to simulate hydrological, chemical, and sediment transport processes. After adjustments to a few parameters (specifically the SURLAG variable, the runoff curve number, Manning's N for overland flow, soil available water capacity, and the base- flow alpha factor) the SWAT model fit the observed streamflow well (the Coefficient of Efficiency and R 2 were greater than 60). The results from comparing observed fluometuron concentrations with simulated concentrations were reasonable. The simulated concentrations (which were daily averages) followed the pattern of observed concentrations (instantaneous values) closely, but could be off in magnitude at times. Further calibration might have improved the fit, but given the uncertainties in the input data, it was not clear that any improvement would be due to a better understanding of the input variables. C1 US Geol Survey, Jackson, MS 39208 USA. RP Coupe, RH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 308 S Airport Road, Jackson, MS 39208 USA. EM rhcoupe@usgs.gov NR 35 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-7319 J9 INT J ENVIRON AN CH JI Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. PY 2007 VL 87 IS 13-14 BP 883 EP 896 DI 10.1080/03067310701627819 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 223VU UT WOS:000250401400001 ER PT J AU Kuivila, KM Jennings, BE AF Kuivila, Kathryn M. Jennings, Bryan E. TI Input, flux, and persistence of six select pesticides in San Francisco Bay SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE pesticides; San Francisco bay; degradation; hydrolysis; flux; California ID DEGRADATION; WATER; RIVER; CALIFORNIA; HERBICIDE; MOLINATE; DISSIPATION; THIOBENCARB; HYDROLYSIS; ESTUARY AB Temporal patterns of pesticide inputs to San Francisco Bay were identified and correlated with timing of application and transport mechanism. Fluxes were calculated from measured concentrations and estimated flow. Persistence of the pesticides under typical riverine or estuarine conditions were estimated from laboratory experiments. Simazine was detected most frequently and had the highest flux into the Bay, which could be explained by its continuous use and long half-life. In comparison, diazinon was detected at lower concentrations and had a lower flux which corresponded to its lower use and shorter half-life. The order-of-magnitude lower fluxes of carbofuran and methidathion corresponded to their lower use and expected hydrolysis. Molinate was detected at the highest concentration but its flux was lower than expected, considering its very high use and persistence in the laboratory experiments. Additional loss of molinate is likely to occur from volatilization and photodegradation on the rice fields. Although thiobencarb had the second highest use, it had the lowest flux of the six pesticides, which can be attributed to its loss via hydrolysis, photodegradation, volatilization, and sorption to sediments. Fluxes into San Francisco Bay were equal to or greater than those reported for other estuaries, except for the Gulf of Mexico. C1 US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Kuivila, KM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM kkuivila@usgs.gov NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-7319 J9 INT J ENVIRON AN CH JI Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. PY 2007 VL 87 IS 13-14 BP 897 EP 911 DI 10.1080/03067310701619014 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 223VU UT WOS:000250401400002 ER PT J AU Maxwell, SK Schmidt, GL Storey, JC AF Maxwell, S. K. Schmidt, G. L. Storey, J. C. TI A multi-scale segmentation approach to filling gaps in Landsat ETM+ SLC-off images SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB On 31 May 2003, the Landsat Enhanced Thematic Plus (ETM +) Scan Line Corrector (SLC) failed, causing the scanning pattern to exhibit wedge-shaped scan-to-scan gaps. We developed a method that uses coincident spectral data to fill the image gaps. This method uses a multi-scale segment model, derived from a previous Landsat SLC-on image (image acquired prior to the SLC failure), to guide the spectral interpolation across the gaps in SLC-off images (images acquired after the SLC failure). This paper describes the process used to generate the segment model, provides details of the gap-fill algorithm used in deriving the segment-based gap-fill product, and presents the results of the gap-fill process applied to grassland, cropland, and forest landscapes. Our results indicate this product will be useful for a wide variety of applications, including regional-scale studies, general land cover mapping (e. g. forest, urban, and grass), crop-specific mapping and monitoring, and visual assessments. Applications that need to be cautious when using pixels in the gap areas include any applications that require per-pixel accuracy, such as urban characterization or impervious surface mapping, applications that use texture to characterize landscape features, and applications that require accurate measurements of small or narrow landscape features such as roads, farmsteads, and riparian areas. C1 USGS EROS, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Maxwell, SK (reprint author), USGS EROS, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM maxwell@usgs.gov NR 12 TC 67 Z9 72 U1 4 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2007 VL 28 IS 23 BP 5339 EP 5356 PG 18 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 232NX UT WOS:000251027500010 ER PT J AU Xian, G AF Xian, G. TI Analysis of impacts of urban land use and land cover on air quality in the Las Vegas region using remote sensing information and ground observations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC OZONE VARIABILITY; SURFACE OZONE; PART II; ATHENS; PRECURSORS; POLLUTION; AREA; SATELLITE; DYNAMICS; WEATHER AB Urban development in the Las Vegas Valley of Nevada ( USA) has expanded rapidly over the past 50 years. The air quality in the valley has suffered owing to increases from anthropogenic emissions of carbon monoxide, ozone and criteria pollutants of particular matter. Air quality observations show that pollutant concentrations have apparent heterogeneous characteristics in the urban area. Quantified urban land use and land cover information derived from satellite remote sensing data indicate an apparent local influence of urban development density on air pollutant distributions. Multi-year observational data collected by a network of local air monitoring stations specify that ozone maximums develop in the May and June timeframe, whereas minimum concentrations generally occur from November to February. The fine particulate matter maximum occurs in July. Ozone concentrations are highest on the west and northwest sides of the valley. Night-time ozone reduction contributes to the heterogeneous features of the spatial distribution for average ozone levels in the Las Vegas metropolitan area. Decreased ozone levels associated with increased urban development density suggest that the highest ozone and lowest nitrogen oxides concentrations are associated with medium to low density urban development in Las Vegas. C1 US Geol Survey, SAIC, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Xian, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SAIC, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM xian@usgs.gov NR 37 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2007 VL 28 IS 24 BP 5427 EP 5445 DI 10.1080/01431160701227653 PG 19 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 242UL UT WOS:000251751600001 ER PT J AU Keeley, JE McGinnis, TW AF Keeley, Jon E. McGinnis, Thomas W. TI Impact of prescribed fire and other factors on cheatgrass persistence in a Sierra Nevada ponderosa pine forest SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE aliens; Bromus tectorum; Downy brome; fire intensity; non-native; structural equation modelling ID BROMUS-TECTORUM L; MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; POPULATION BIOLOGY; SOIL TEMPERATURES; PLANT DIVERSITY; COMPETITION; GROWTH; ESTABLISHMENT; GERMINATION; HISTORY AB Following the reintroduction of fire Bromus tectorum has invaded the low elevation ponderosa pine forests in parts of Kings Canyon National Park, California. We used prescribed burns, other field manipulations, germination studies, and structural equation modelling, to investigate how fire and other factors affect the persistence of cheatgrass in these forests. Our studies show that altering burning season to coincide with seed maturation is not likely to control cheatgrass because sparse fuel loads generate low fire intensity. Increasing time between prescribed fires may inhibit cheatgrass by increasing surface fuels ( both herbaceous and litter), which directly inhibit cheatgrass establishment, and by creating higher intensity fires capable of killing a much greater fraction of the seed bank. Using structural equation modelling, postfire cheatgrass dominance was shown to be most strongly controlled by the prefire cheatgrass seedbank; other factors include soil moisture, fire intensity, soil N, and duration of direct sunlight. Current fire management goals in western conifer forests are focused on restoring historical fire regimes; however, these frequent fire regimes may enhance alien plant invasion in some forest types. Where feasible, fire managers should consider the option of an appropriate compromise between reducing serious fire hazards and exacerbating alien plant invasions. C1 USGS Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia & Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Keeley, JE (reprint author), USGS Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia & Kings Canyon Field Stn, 47050 Gen Highway, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. EM jon_keeley@usgs.gov NR 61 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 28 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2007 VL 16 IS 1 BP 96 EP 106 DI 10.1071/WF06052 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 138FS UT WOS:000244349100010 ER PT J AU Duffy, PA Epting, J Graham, JM Rupp, TS McGuire, AD AF Duffy, Paul A. Epting, Justin Graham, Jonathan M. Rupp, T. Scott McGuire, A. David TI Analysis of Alaskan burn severity patterns using remotely sensed data SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE Alaska fire; fire variograms; normalised burn ratio; spatial ANOVA ID BLACK SPRUCE FOREST; INTERIOR ALASKA; BOREAL FOREST; PICEA-MARIANA; LANDSAT TM; FIRE; VEGETATION; REGENERATION; ETM+ AB Wildland fire is the dominant large-scale disturbance mechanism in the Alaskan boreal forest, and it strongly influences forest structure and function. In this research, patterns of burn severity in the Alaskan boreal forest are characterised using 24 fires. First, the relationship between burn severity and area burned is quantified using a linear regression. Second, the spatial correlation of burn severity as a function of topography is modelled using a variogram analysis. Finally, the relationship between vegetation type and spatial patterns of burn severity is quantified using linear models where variograms account for spatial correlation. These results show that: 1) average burn severity increases with the natural logarithm of the area of the wildfire, 2) burn severity is more variable in topographically complex landscapes than in flat landscapes, and 3) there is a significant relationship between burn severity and vegetation type in flat landscapes but not in topographically complex landscapes. These results strengthen the argument that differential flammability of vegetation exists in some boreal landscapes of Alaska. Additionally, these results suggest that through feedbacks between vegetation and burn severity, the distribution of forest vegetation through time is likely more stable in flat terrain than it is in areas with more complex topography. C1 Univ Alaska, Dept Forest Sci, Ecol Dynam Modelling Grp, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Conservat Int, Ctr Appl Biodivers Sci, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Univ Montana, Dept Math Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Univ Alaska, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Duffy, PA (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Dept Forest Sci, Ecol Dynam Modelling Grp, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM paul.duffy@uaf.edu NR 34 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 15 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2007 VL 16 IS 3 BP 277 EP 284 DI 10.1071/WF06034 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 185IO UT WOS:000247704800004 ER PT J AU Schoenberg, FP Chang, CH Keeley, JE Pompa, J Woods, J Xu, HY AF Schoenberg, Frederic P. Chang, Chien-Hsun Keeley, Jon E. Pompa, Jamie Woods, James Xu, Haiyong TI A critical assessment of the Burning Index in Los Angeles County, California SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE burn area; model evaluation; point process; wildfire; wind ID FIRE-DANGER; FOREST; SUPPRESSION; SHRUBLAND; MODELS AB The Burning Index (BI) is commonly used as a predictor of wildfire activity. An examination of data on the BI and wildfires in Los Angeles County, California, from January 1976 to December 2000 reveals that although the BI is positively associated with wildfire occurrence, its predictive value is quite limited. Wind speed alone has a higher correlation with burn area than BI, for instance, and a simple alternative point process model using wind speed, relative humidity, precipitation and temperature well outperforms the BI in terms of predictive power. The BI is generally far too high in winter and too low in fall, and may exaggerate the impact of individual variables such as wind speed or temperature during times when other variables, such as precipitation or relative humidity, render the environment ill-suited for wildfires. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Stat, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Geog, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. RP Schoenberg, FP (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Stat, 8142 Math Sci Bldg, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM frederic@stat.ucla.edu NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2007 VL 16 IS 4 BP 473 EP 483 DI 10.1071/WF05089 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 201XP UT WOS:000248866200011 ER PT J AU Turtle, EP Jaeger, WL Schenk, PM AF Turtle, Elizabeth P. Jaeger, Windy L. Schenk, Paul M. BA Lopes, RMC Spencer, JR BF Lopes, RMC Spencer, JR TI Ionian mountains and tectonics: Insights into what lies beneath Io's lofty peaks SO IO AFTER GALILEO: A NEW VIEW OF JUPITER'S VOLCANIC MOON SE Springer-Praxis Books in Astronomy and Planetary Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID JUPITERS MOON IO; VOLCANIC ACTIVITY; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; SILICATE VOLCANISM; INTERNAL STRUCTURE; ACTIVE VOLCANISM; GALILEO VIEW; HEAT-FLOW; MAGMA; LITHOSPHERE C1 [Turtle, Elizabeth P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Jaeger, Windy L.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Schenk, Paul M.] Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX USA. RP Turtle, EP (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Turtle, Elizabeth/K-8673-2012 OI Turtle, Elizabeth/0000-0003-1423-5751 NR 74 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-48841-5 J9 S-P B ASTRON PLANET PY 2007 BP 109 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-48841-5_6 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-48841-5 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BLO08 UT WOS:000270644200007 ER PT J AU Geissler, PE Goldstein, DB AF Geissler, Paul E. Goldstein, David B. BA Lopes, RMC Spencer, JR BF Lopes, RMC Spencer, JR TI Plumes and their deposits SO IO AFTER GALILEO: A NEW VIEW OF JUPITER'S VOLCANIC MOON SE Springer-Praxis Books in Astronomy and Planetary Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID VOLCANICALLY DRIVEN ATMOSPHERE; IOS PELE PLUME; GALILEO MISSION; SO2; PROMETHEUS; ERUPTION; SULFUR; DYNAMICS; CASSINI; GASES C1 [Geissler, Paul E.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Goldstein, David B.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Geissler, PE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 67 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-48841-5 J9 S-P B ASTRON PLANET PY 2007 BP 163 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-48841-5_8 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-48841-5 PG 34 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BLO08 UT WOS:000270644200009 ER PT J AU Carlson, RW Kargel, JS Doute, S Soderblom, LA Dalton, JB AF Carlson, Robert W. Kargel, Jeff S. Doute, Sylvain Soderblom, Laurence A. Dalton, J. Brad BA Lopes, RMC Spencer, JR BF Lopes, RMC Spencer, JR TI Io's surface composition SO IO AFTER GALILEO: A NEW VIEW OF JUPITER'S VOLCANIC MOON SE Springer-Praxis Books in Astronomy and Planetary Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INFRARED MAPPING SPECTROMETER; SYMMETRIC MODEL ATMOSPHERE; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; GALILEAN SATELLITES; REFLECTANCE SPECTRA; LIQUID SULFUR; SOLID SULFUR; MU-M; POSSIBLE IDENTIFICATION C1 [Carlson, Robert W.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Kargel, Jeff S.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Doute, Sylvain] Lab Planetol Grenoble, Grenoble, France. [Soderblom, Laurence A.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Dalton, J. Brad] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Carlson, RW (reprint author), Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 159 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-48841-5 J9 S-P B ASTRON PLANET PY 2007 BP 193 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-48841-5_9 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-48841-5 PG 39 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BLO08 UT WOS:000270644200010 ER PT J AU Turtle, EP Jaeger, WL Schenk, PM AF Turtle, Elizabeth P. Jaeger, Windy L. Schenk, Paul M. BA Lopes, RMC Spencer, JR BF Lopes, RMC Spencer, JR TI Ionian mountains identified to date SO IO AFTER GALILEO: A NEW VIEW OF JUPITER'S VOLCANIC MOON SE Springer-Praxis Books in Astronomy and Planetary Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Turtle, Elizabeth P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Jaeger, Windy L.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Schenk, Paul M.] Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX USA. RP Turtle, EP (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Turtle, Elizabeth/K-8673-2012 OI Turtle, Elizabeth/0000-0003-1423-5751 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-48841-5 J9 S-P B ASTRON PLANET PY 2007 BP 325 EP 330 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-48841-5 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BLO08 UT WOS:000270644200015 ER PT J AU Mikhailov, VO Parsons, T Simpson, RW Timoshkina, EP Williams, C AF Mikhailov, V. O. Parsons, T. Simpson, R. W. Timoshkina, E. P. Williams, C. TI Why the Sacramento Delta area differs from other parts of the Great Valley: Numerical modeling of thermal structure and thermal subsidence of forearc basins SO IZVESTIYA-PHYSICS OF THE SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; SEISMIC-REFRACTION MEASUREMENTS; CALIFORNIA COAST RANGES; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; SUBDUCTION ZONE; HEAT-FLOW; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; ANDREAS FAULT; PLATE MOTIONS; OCEAN RIDGES AB Data on present-day heat flow, subsidence history, and paleotemperature for the Sacramento Delta region, California, have been employed to constrain a numerical model of tectonic subsidence and thermal evolution of forearc basins. The model assumes an oceanic basement with an initial thermal profile dependent on its age subjected to refrigeration caused by a subducting slab. Subsidence in the Sacramento Delta region appears to be close to that expected for a forearc basin underlain by normal oceanic lithosphere of age 150 Ma, demonstrating that effects from both the initial thermal profile and the subduction process are necessary and sufficient. Subsidence at the eastern and northern borders of the Sacramento Valley is considerably less, approximating subsidence expected from the dynamics of the subduction zone alone. These results, together with other geophysical data, show that Sacramento Delta lithosphere, being thinner and having undergone deeper subsidence, must differ from lithosphere of the transitional type under other parts of the Sacramento Valley. Thermal modeling allows evaluation of the rheological properties of the lithosphere. Strength diagrams based on our thermal model show that, even under relatively slow deformation (10-17 s(-1)), the upper part of the delta crystalline crust (down to 20-22 km) can fail in brittle fashion, which is in agreement with deeper earthquake occurrence. Hypocentral depths of earthquakes under the Sacramento Delta region extend to nearly 20 km, whereas, in the Coast Ranges to the west, depths are typically less than 12-15 km. The greater width of the seismogenic zone in this area raises the possibility that, for fault segments of comparable length, earthquakes of somewhat greater magnitude might occur than in the Coast Ranges to the west. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Schmidt Inst Phys Earth, Moscow 123995, Russia. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Mikhailov, VO (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Schmidt Inst Phys Earth, Bolshaya Gruzinskaya Ul 10, Moscow 123995, Russia. RI Parsons, Tom/A-3424-2008; Mikhailov, Valentin/B-5406-2013; OI Parsons, Tom/0000-0002-0582-4338; Mikhailov, Valentin/0000-0001-9520-5540 NR 80 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1069-3513 J9 IZV-PHYS SOLID EART+ JI Izv.-Phys. Solid Earth PD JAN PY 2007 VL 43 IS 1 BP 75 EP 90 DI 10.1134/S1069351307010089 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 166TG UT WOS:000246402300008 ER PT J AU Wolf, RE Morrison, JM Goldhaber, MB AF Wolf, Ruth E. Morrison, Jean M. Goldhaber, Martin B. TI Simultaneous determination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) using reversed-phased ion-pairing liquid chromatography with dynamic reaction cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT European Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry CY FEB 18-23, 2007 CL Taormina, ITALY ID SIMULATED LUNG FLUID; HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; REDUCTION; SPECIATION; SOIL; BIOACCESSIBILITY; BIOAVAILABILITY; DISSOLUTION; BEHAVIOR; SORPTION AB A method for the simultaneous determination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) species in waters, soil leachates and synthetic bio- fiuids is described. The method uses reversed-phase ion-pairing liquid chromatography to separate the chromium species and a dynamic reaction cell (DRC(R) ) equipped ICP-MS for detection of chromium. Separation of the chromium species is carried out in less than 2 min. Cr(III) is complexed with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) prior to separation by mixing samples with the mobile phase containing 2.0 mM tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAOH), 0.5 mM EDTA (dipotassium salt), and 5% (vol/vol) methanol, adjusted to pH 7.6. The interfering 40 Ar 12 C+ background peak at mass 52 was reduced by over four orders of magnitude to less than 200 cps by using 0.65 mL min-1 ammonia as a reaction gas and an RPq setting on the DRC of 0.75. Method detection limits (MDLs) of 0.09 mu g L-1 for Cr(III) and 0.06 mg L-1 for Cr(VI) were obtained based on peak areas at mass 52 for 50 mL injections of low level spikes. Reproducibility at 2 mg L-1 was 3% RSD for 5 replicate injections. The tolerance of the method to various levels of common cations and anions found in natural waters and to matrix constituents found in soil leachates and simulated gastric and lung fiuids was tested by performing spike recovery calculations for a variety of samples. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO USA. RP Wolf, RE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS964D, Denver, CO USA. EM rwolf@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 50 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 17 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2007 VL 22 IS 9 BP 1051 EP 1060 DI 10.1039/b704597b PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 202QE UT WOS:000248917300015 ER PT J AU Hristov, AN Zaman, S Pol, MV Ndegwa, P Silva, S Kendall, C AF Hristov, A. N. Zaman, S. Pol, M. Vander Ndegwa, P. Silva, S. Kendall, C. TI Nitrogen losses from dairy manure estimated through nitrogen mass balance or using markers SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE dairy cow; manure; nitrogen losses C1 [Hristov, A. N.; Zaman, S.; Pol, M. Vander] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Ndegwa, P.; Kendall, C.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA USA. [Silva, S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2007 VL 85 SU 1 BP 162 EP 162 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 213UN UT WOS:000249692700503 ER PT J AU Nelson, LS Glomski, LM Gladwin, DN AF Nelson, Linda S. Glomski, L. M. Gladwin, D. N. TI Effect of glyphosate rate and spray volume on control of giant salvinia SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID AMMONIUM-SULFATE; WATER-QUALITY; PHYTOTOXICITY; EFFICACY; SURFACTANTS; MOLESTA C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. SpecPro Inc, USA Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Lewisville Aquat Ecosyst Res Facil, Lewisville, TX 75057 USA. US Geol Survey, MidContinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. RP Nelson, LS (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Linda.S.Nelson@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI LEHIGH ACRES PA PO BOX 1477, LEHIGH ACRES, FL 33970 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 45 BP 58 EP 61 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 154UB UT WOS:000245532200013 ER PT J AU Beauchamp, VB Stromberg, JC Stutz, JC AF Beauchamp, V. B. Stromberg, J. C. Stutz, J. C. TI Flow regulation has minimal influence on mycorrhizal fungi of a semi-arid floodplain ecosystem despite changes in hydrology, soils, and vegetation SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Review DE riparian; river; sediment; species richness; arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; dams ID RIVER-MARGIN VEGETATION; CENTRAL NEW-MEXICO; MIDDLE RIO-GRANDE; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR-IDENTIFICATION; HOST-SPECIFICITY; VASCULAR PLANTS; LITTER DYNAMICS; FISH ABUNDANCE AB Many riparian ecosystems are affected by flow regulation due to damming. In the and and semi-arid riparian zones of the western United States, the effects of flow regulation on overstory Populus populations is well understood, but less is known about impacts to other aspects of riparian ecosystems including the herbaceous community and its associated arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). In this study, floodplain soil texture and chemistry, herbaceous cover and richness, and AMF richness and colonization were compared between unregulated and regulated reaches of the Verde River, Arizona. When compared to the unregulated reach, the regulated reach had sandier soil and lower nutrient concentrations along with lower herbaceous cover and a higher proportion of annual species. Despite these differences, AMF colonization, richness and community composition were similar between reaches. Species of AMF can be sensitive to the identity of the host plant and to soil texture, moisture and nutrient levels; however, conditions between the unregulated and regulated reach of the Verde may not be sufficiently distinct to produce differences in the AMF community. AMF may also have a transient response to flooding and sampling immediately after a flood event may be necessary to detect differences in the AMF community between reaches. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Appl Biol Sci, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. RP Beauchamp, VB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM vanessa_beauchamp@usgs.gov NR 105 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 23 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 68 IS 2 BP 188 EP 205 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.05.004 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 111EO UT WOS:000242434400002 ER PT J AU Bart, J Brown, S Harrington, B Morrison, RIG AF Bart, Jonathan Brown, Stephen Harrington, Brian Morrison, R. I. Guy TI Survey trends of North American shorebirds: population declines or shifting distributions? SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; LINEAR-MODEL; DELAWARE BAY; ARRIVAL; CANADA; CONSERVATION; TERRITORIES; MIGRATION; ABUNDANCE; BIRDS AB We analyzed data from two surveys of fall migrating shorebirds in central and eastern North America to estimate annual trends in means per survey and to determine whether trends indicate a change in population size or might have been caused by other factors. The analysis showed a broad decline in means per survey in Atlantic Canada and the northeastern United States (North Atlantic region). For example, 9 of 9 significant trends in this region were < 1 (P=0.004), and the mean, annual rate of change among 30 species was 0.9783, a decline of -2.17% per year (P < 0.001). Trends in the midwestern United States (Midwest region) showed no clear pattern. The mean among 29 species was 1.0090 (P=0.35). Only 4 of the trends were significant. Several hypotheses were evaluated to identify causes of the declining means per survey in the North Atlantic region. The most likely hypothesis appears to be a decline in the breeding populations that supply migrants to the North Atlantic region, but a change in movements, for example passing through the region more quickly in recent years, cannot be excluded as an explanation. Further surveys of arctic breeding areas coupled with analysis of long-term survey data from western North America would be helpful in determining whether the declines found in this analysis are also occurring in other areas. C1 US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. Manomet Ctr Conservat Sci, Manomet, MA 02345 USA. Canadian Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. RP Bart, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM jon_bart@usgs.gov NR 43 TC 66 Z9 73 U1 3 U2 41 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0908-8857 J9 J AVIAN BIOL JI J. Avian Biol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 38 IS 1 BP 73 EP 82 DI 10.1111/j.2007.0908-8857.03698.x PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 123KT UT WOS:000243295500008 ER PT J AU Hanes, DM Barnard, PL AF Hanes, Daniel M. Barnard, Patrick L. TI Morphological Evolution in the San Francisco Bight SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Sand waves; Tidal delta; Littoral; Sediment transport AB HANES, D.M. AND BARNARD, P.L., 2007, Morphological Evolution in the San Francisco Bight. Journal of Coastal Research, SI 50 (Proceedings of the 9th International Coastal Symposium), 469 - 473. Gold Coast, Australia, ISSN 0749.0208 San Francisco Bight, located near the coast of San Francisco, USA, is an extremely dynamic tidal inlet environment subject to large waves and strong currents. Wave heights coming from the Pacific Ocean commonly exceed 5 m during winter storms. During peak flow tidal currents approach 3 m/s at the Golden Gate, a 1 km wide entrance that connects San Francisco Bay to the Pacific Ocean. Flow structure in this region varies markedly spatially and temporally due to the complex interaction by wind, waves and tidal currents. A multibeam sonar survey was recently completed that mapped in high resolution, for the first time, the bottom morphology in the region of the ebb tidal delta. This data set includes a giant sand wave field covering an area of approximately 4 square kilometres. The new survey enables the calculation of seabed change that has occurred in the past 50 years, since the last comprehensive survey of the area was completed. This comparison indicates an average erosion of 60 centimetres which equates to a total volume change of approximately 9.2 x 10(7) m(3). Morphologic change also indicates that flood channels have filled and that the entire ebb delta is contracting radially. C1 [Hanes, Daniel M.; Barnard, Patrick L.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Hanes, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM dhanes@usgs.gov; pbarnard@usgs.gov NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PY 2007 SI 50 BP 469 EP 472 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA V16HI UT WOS:000207860300090 ER PT J AU Hein, CJ FitzGerald, DM Barnhardt, W AF Hein, C. J. FitzGerald, D. M. Barnhardt, W. TI Holocene Reworking of a Sand Sheet in the Merrimack Embayment, Western Gulf of Maine SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Backscatter; bedforms; shallow seismic; shelf sediment transport AB Recent bathymetric, backscatter, and seafloor sediment samples demonstrate that a large sand sheet was formed in the inner shelf by the reworking of the Merrimack River lowstand delta (deposited 12 kya; currently at 45 m depth) and braid plain during the Holocene transgression. Asymmetric bedforms and distinct grain size distributions suggest the sand sheet is actively being reworked by inner-shelf processes. Bottom sediments range from silty sand at the submerged delta to coarse sand and fine gravel in the innermost shelf (depth: 10-50 m). Coarse-grained sand comprises an expansive (32 km(2)) featureless sand sheet centered off the Merrimack River. Fine-grained sand discontinuously overlies this sand sheet in many locations and forms long wavelength (100 - 800 m), low amplitude (1-2 m), asymmetrical bedforms. Sets of these bedforms are oriented from slightly oblique offshore to onshore; several bedform sets are located within I km and oriented orthogonally to one another. Along the paleo-delta front north-northwest oriented bedforms are dominant. Inshore of these features, the bedforms become more closely spaced and have orientations to the west and west-southwest. Preliminary data suggest that the combined forces of instantaneous storm-wave generated shear stress and storm-induced currents associated with high energy northeast storm events may be responsible for sand sheet reworking and bedform development. C1 [Hein, C. J.; FitzGerald, D. M.] Boston Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Barnhardt, W.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Hein, CJ (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM hein@bu.edu; dunc@bu.edu; wbarnhardt@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management; Minerals Management Service of the US Department of the Interior FX This study was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey, the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management, and the Minerals Management Service of the US Department of the Interior. The authors thank Bror Jonsson of Boston University and Brian Andrews, Seth Ackerman and the rest of the team at the USGS Woods Hole Science Center Mapping Group for their assistance in data collection and processing. Additional thanks to the crews of the R/V Connecticut (Groton, CT) and the F/V Venture (Gloucester, MA). This manuscript benefited from reviews by Brad Butman and Seth Ackerman. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PY 2007 SI 50 BP 863 EP 867 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA V16HI UT WOS:000207860300160 ER PT J AU Hristov, AN Zaman, S Pol, MV Ndegwa, P Silva, S Kendall, C AF Hristov, A. N. Zaman, S. Pol, M. Vander Ndegwa, P. Silva, S. Kendall, C. TI Nitrogen losses from dairy manure estimated through nitrogen mass balance or using markers SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Annual Meeting of the American-Dairy-Science-Association/Poultry-Science-Association-Asociacio n-Mexicana-de-Produccion-Animal/American-Society-of-Animal-Science CY JUL 08, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX SP Amer Diary Sci Assoc, Poultry Sci Assoc, Asociac Mexicana Prod Anim, Amer Soc Anim Sci DE dairy cow; manure; nitrogen losses C1 [Hristov, A. N.; Zaman, S.; Pol, M. Vander] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Ndegwa, P.; Kendall, C.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Silva, S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PY 2007 VL 90 SU 1 BP 162 EP 162 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 213UP UT WOS:000249692900503 ER PT J AU Selbig, WR Bannerman, R Bowman, G AF Selbig, William R. Bannerman, Roger Bowman, George TI Improving the accuracy of sediment-associated constituent concentrations in whole storm water samples by wet-sieving SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article AB Sand-sized particles (> 63 mu m) in whole storm water samples collected from urban runoff have the potential to produce data with substantial bias and/or poor precision both during sample splitting and laboratory analysis. New techniques were evaluated in an effort to overcome some of the limitations associated with sample splitting and analyzing whole storm water samples containing sand-sized particles. Wet-sieving separates sand-sized particles from a whole storm water sample. Once separated, both the sieved solids and the remaining aqueous (water suspension of particles less than 63 mu m) samples were analyzed for total recoverable metals using a modification of USEPA Method 200.7. The modified version digests the entire sample, rather than an aliquot, of the sample. Using a total recoverable acid digestion on the entire contents of the sieved solid and aqueous samples improved the accuracy of the derived sediment-associated constituent concentrations. Concentration values of sieved solid and aqueous samples can later be summed to determine an event mean concentration. C1 US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53703 USA. Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, Madison, WI 53718 USA. RP Selbig, WR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM wrselbig@usgs.gov NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 36 IS 1 BP 226 EP 232 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0147 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 127HF UT WOS:000243575400024 PM 17215230 ER PT J AU Kirby, SM Janecke, SU Dorsey, RJ Housen, BA Langenheim, VE McDougall, KA Steely, AN AF Kirby, Stefan M. Janecke, Susanne U. Dorsey, Rebecca J. Housen, Bernard A. Langenheim, Victoria E. McDougall, Kristin A. Steely, Alexander N. TI Pleistocene brawley and ocotillo formations: Evidence for initial strike-slip deformation along the San Felipe and San Jacinto fault zones, southern California SO JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STRAIN ACCUMULATION; IMPERIAL-VALLEY; SALTON TROUGH; BASIN; SEA; PALEOMAGNETISM; DESICCATION; CHRONOLOGY; EVOLUTION; BADLANDS AB We examine the Pleistocene tectonic reorganization of the Pacific-North American plate boundary in the Salton Trough of southern California with an integrated approach that includes basin analysis, magnetostratigraphy, and geologic mapping of upper Pliocene to Pleistocene sedimentary rocks in the San Felipe Hills. These deposits preserve the earliest sedimentary record of movement on the San Felipe and San Jacinto fault zones that replaced and deactivated the late Cenozoic West Salton detachment fault. Sandstone and mudstone of the Brawley Formation accumulated between similar to 1.1 and similar to 0.6-0.5 Ma in a delta on the margin of an arid Pleistocene lake, which received sediment from alluvial fans of the Ocotillo Formation to the west-southwest. Our analysis indicates that the Ocotillo and Brawley formations prograded abruptly to the east-northeast across a former mud-dominated perennial lake (Borrego Formation) at similar to 1.1 Ma in response to initiation of the dextral-oblique San Felipe fault zone. The similar to 25-km-long San Felipe anticline initiated at about the same time and produced an intrabasinal basement-cored high within the San Felipe-Borrego basin that is recorded by progressive unconformities on its north and south limbs. A disconformity at the base of the Brawley Formation in the eastern San Felipe Hills probably records initiation and early blind slip at the southeast tip of the Clark strand of the San Jacinto fault zone. Our data are consistent with abrupt and nearly synchronous inception of the San Jacinto and San Felipe fault zones southwest of the southern San Andreas fault in the early Pleistocene during a pronounced southwestward broadening of the San Andreas fault zone. The current contractional geometry of the San Jacinto fault zone developed after similar to 0.5-0.6 Ma during a second, less significant change in structural style. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Geol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Western Washington Univ, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Janecke, SU (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Geol, 4505 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM sjanecke@cc.usu.edu NR 62 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1376 J9 J GEOL JI J. Geol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 115 IS 1 BP 42 EP 62 PG 20 WC Geology SC Geology GA 116IS UT WOS:000242796500003 ER PT J AU McDonald, DG Kolar, CS AF McDonald, D. Gordon Kolar, Cynthia S. TI Research to guide the use of lampricides for controlling sea lamprey SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lampricides; sea lamprey control ID GREAT-LAKES; PETROMYZON-MARINUS; 3-TRIFLUOROMETHYL-4-NITROPHENOL TFM; RAINBOW-TROUT; ENVIRONMENTAL FATE; STREAMS TRIBUTARY; LARVAL; TOXICITY; FISH; ABUNDANCE AB A paper is one of a series supported by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission that describe research priorities related to each facet of the sea lamprey control program (assessment, pheromones, barriers and trapping, sterile males and lampricides). The specific focus of this paper is research needs related to the use of lampricides. To that end, we first provide a brief history of the lampricide control program and its processes and operations emphasizing the progress that has been made over the last 50 years. We then articulate research priorities for the continued improvement of lampricide use under four major categories; improving the effectiveness of lampricide treatments, improving the understanding of the effects of lampricides on non-target species, gaining a better understanding the mode(s) of toxic action of lampricides, and how they differ between lamprey and non-target species, and finally, initiatives designed to find new and more effective methods of applying existing lampricides and to develop new lampricides, based on new knowledge of chemical vulnerabilities unique to larval sea lamprey. Research priorities are summarized at the end of the paper and sources of additional information concerning lampricide research are provided. C1 Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Discipline, Reston, VA USA. RP McDonald, DG (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM gomedona@uoguelph.ca NR 40 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 29 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2007 VL 33 SI 2 BP 20 EP 34 DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[20:RTGTUO]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 227WT UT WOS:000250689200003 ER PT J AU Bergstedt, RA Twohey, MB AF Bergstedt, Roger A. Twohey, Michael B. TI Research to support sterile-male-release and genetic alteration techniques for sea lamprey control SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sea lamprey; sterile male; genetic; pest management ID ST-MARYS RIVER; PETROMYZON-MARINUS POPULATIONS; GREAT-LAKES; PEST-CONTROL; POTENTIAL APPLICATION; MIGRATORY PHEROMONE; MULTIPLE LOCI; MANAGEMENT; GROWTH; SUPERIOR AB Integrated pest management of sea lampreys in the Laurentian Great Lakes has recently been enhanced by addition of a sterile-male-release program, and future developments in genetic approaches may lead to additional methods for reducing sea lamprey reproduction. We review the development, implementation, and evaluation of the sterile-male-release technique (SMRT) as it is being applied against sea lampreys in the Great Lakes, review the current understanding of SMRT efficacy, and identify additional research areas and topics that would increase either the efficacy of the SMRT or expand its geographic potential for application. Key areas for additional research are in the sterilization process, effects of skewed sex ratios on mating behavior, enhancing attractiveness of sterilized males, techniques for genetic alteration of sea lampreys, and sources of animals to enhance or expand the use of sterile lampreys. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. RP Bergstedt, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. EM roger_bergstedt@usgs.gov NR 88 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 18 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2007 VL 33 SI 2 BP 48 EP 69 DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[48:RTSSAG]2.0.CO;2 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 227WT UT WOS:000250689200005 ER PT J AU Li, W Twohey, M Jones, M Wagner, M AF Li, Weiming Twohey, Michael Jones, Michael Wagner, Michael TI Research to guide use of Pheromones to control sea lamprey SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE pheromone; sea lamprey; Petromyzon; reproduction; migration; control ID PETROMYZON-MARINUS L; UNIQUE BILE-ACIDS; MIGRATORY PHEROMONE; GREAT-LAKES; OLFACTORY EPITHELIUM; MANAGEMENT; RELEASE; COMMUNICATION; POPULATIONS; BEHAVIOR AB The Great Lakes Fishery Commission (GLFC) considers the application of sea lamprey pheromones a promising alternative-control method for its sea lamprey management program. Several components of two pheromones that regulate migration and reproduction, respectively, have been identified and synthesized. Potential utility of these pheromone compounds in lamprey management have been demonstrated in a series of field experiments. These discoveries have laid a solid foundation for development of pheromone-based management. In order to identify potential strategies that will be practical, effective, and economical, we propose a hypothesis driven approach that integrates concepts and experimental methods from several disciplines of biological science, such as neurobiology, biochemistry, and behavioral ecology to illustrate the exact function of identified compounds. In the interim, we identify the necessary steps, or issues critical to eventual implementation, to charter a pathway that leads from laboratory research to effective deployment of pheromones. Finally, we highlight a strategy that fosters collaboration among scientists across disciplines, as well as among research institutes and lamprey control agencies, to accomplish this research agenda. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. RP Li, W (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 13 Nat Resources Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM liweim@msu.edu RI li, weiming /E-4652-2011; Li, Weiming /D-9615-2013 OI Li, Weiming /0000-0001-5437-1518 NR 57 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 19 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2007 VL 33 SI 2 BP 70 EP 86 DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[70:RTGUOP]2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 227WT UT WOS:000250689200006 ER PT J AU McAnally, WH Teeter, A Schoellhamer, D Friedrichs, C Hamilton, D Hayter, E Shrestha, P Rodriguez, H Sheremet, A Kirby, R AF McAnally, William H. Teeter, Allen Schoellhamer, David Friedrichs, Carl Hamilton, Douglas Hayter, Earl Shrestha, Parmeshwar Rodriguez, Hugo Sheremet, Alexandru Kirby, Robert CA ASCE Task Comm Manag Fl TI Management of fluid mud in estuaries, bays, and lakes. II: Measurement, modeling, and management SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Review DE sediment; mud; estuaries; bays; lakes; measurement; models ID SUSPENDED COHESIVE SEDIMENT; AMAZON CONTINENTAL-SHELF; NON-LINEAR CONSOLIDATION; ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY; HOMOGENEOUS LAYERS; SATURATED CLAYS; NONLINEAR MODEL; WATER-WAVES; TRANSPORT; BED AB Techniques for measurement, modeling, and management of fluid mud are available, but research is needed to improve them. Fluid mud can be difficult to detect, measure, or sample, which has led to new instruments and new ways of using existing instruments. Multifrequency acoustic fathometers sense neither density nor viscosity and are, therefore, unreliable in measuring fluid mud. Nuclear density probes, towed sleds, seismic, and drop probes equipped with density meters offer the potential for accurate measurements. Numerical modeling of fluid mud requires solving governing equations for flow velocity, density, pressure, salinity, water surface, plus sediment submodels. A number of such models exist in one-, two-, and three-dimensional form, but they rely on empirical relationships that require substantial site-specific validation to observations. Management of fluid mud techniques can be classified as those that accomplish: Source control, formation control, and removal. Nautical depth, a fourth category, defines the channel bottom as a specific fluid mud density or alternative parameter as safe for navigation. Source control includes watershed management measures to keep fine sediment out of waterways and in-water measures such as structures and traps. Formation control methods include streamlined channels and structures plus other measures to reduce flocculation and structures that train currents. Removal methods include the traditional dredging and transport of dredged material plus agitation that contributes to formation control and/or nautical depth. Conditioning Of fluid mud by dredging and aerating offers the possibility of improved navigability. Two examples-the Atchafalaya Bar Channel and Savannah Harbor-illustrate the use of measurements and management of fluid Mud. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA USA. Exponent Inc, Menlo Pk, CA USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Tetra Tech Inc, Pasadena, CA USA. Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP McAnally, WH (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. OI Friedrichs, Carl/0000-0002-1810-900X NR 110 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 21 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD JAN PY 2007 VL 133 IS 1 BP 23 EP 38 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2007)133:1(23) PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 119TS UT WOS:000243037100003 ER PT J AU Nolan, BT Healy, RW Taber, PE Perkins, K Hitt, KJ Wolock, DM AF Nolan, Bernard T. Healy, Richard W. Taber, Patrick E. Perkins, Kimberlie Hitt, Kerie J. Wolock, David M. TI Factors influencing ground-water recharge in the eastern United States SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE ground water; recharge; Darcian; chloride tracer; nonlinear regression ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; FLOW; WATERSHEDS; PARAMETERS; DRAINAGE; SOILS; SCALE; FIELD AB Ground-water recharge estimates for selected locations in the eastern half of the United States were obtained by Darcian and chloride-tracer methods and compared using statistical analyses. Recharge estimates derived from unsaturated-zone (R-UZC) and saturated-zone (R-SZC) chloride mass balance methods are less variable (interquartile ranges or IQRs are 9.5 and 16.1 cm/yr, respectively) and more strongly correlated with climatic, hydrologic, land use, and sediment variables than Darcian estimates (IQR = 22.8 cm/yr). The unit-gradient Darcian estimates are a nonlinear function of moisture content and also reflect the uncertainty of pedotransfer functions used to estimate hydraulic parameters. Significance level is < 0.001 for nearly all explanatory variables having correlations with R-UZC of <-0.3 or > 0.3. Estimates of R-SZC were evaluated using analysis of variance, multiple comparison tests, and an exploratory nonlinear regression (NLR) model. Recharge generally is greater in coastal plain surficial aquifers, fractured crystalline rocks, and carbonate rocks, or in areas with high sand content. Westernmost portions of the study area have low recharge, receive somewhat less precipitation, and contain fine-grained sediment. The NLR model simulates water input to the land surface followed by transport to ground water, depending on factors that either promote or inhibit water infiltration. The model explains a moderate amount of variation in the data set (coefficient of determination = 0.61). Model sensitivity analysis indicates that mean annual runoff, air temperature, and precipitation, and an index of ground-water exfiltration potential most influence estimates of recharge at sampled sites in the region. Soil characteristics and land use have less influence on the recharge estimates, but nonetheless are significant in the NLR model. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Healy, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 413 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM rwhealy@usgs.gov NR 59 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 6 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 332 IS 1-2 BP 187 EP 205 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.06.029 PG 19 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 131HD UT WOS:000243858700013 ER PT J AU Hanson, BA Frank, PA Mertins, JW Corn, JL AF Hanson, Britta A. Frank, Philip A. Mertins, James W. Corn, Joseph L. TI Tick paralysis of a snake caused by Amblyomma rotundatum (Acari : Ixodidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amblyomma rotundatum; tick paralysis; Coluber constrictor AB A lethargic southern black racer, Coluber constrictor priapus Dunn and Wood, wild-caught in the Florida Keys, Monroe County, FL, was found to be paralyzed by the bite of a female ixodid tick, Amblyomma rotundatum Koch (Acari: Ixodidae). Removal of the tick restored the snake to normalcy within 18 h. Other, earlier reported cases of tick toxicosis in reptiles are reviewed and clarified. Evidently, the present incident is the only reported case of tick paralysis in a poikilotherm found in a natural setting. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Ser Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, Southeastern Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Key Deer Refuge, Big Pine Key, FL 33043 USA. RP Mertins, JW (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Ser Labs, 1800 Dayton, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM james.w.mertins@aphis.usda.gov NR 13 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 44 IS 1 BP 155 EP 157 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2007)44[155:TPOASC]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 124JZ UT WOS:000243365400021 PM 17294934 ER PT J AU Reeves, JB McCarty, GW Rutherford, DW Wershaw, RL AF Reeves, James B., III McCarty, Gregory W. Rutherford, David W. Wershaw, Robert L. TI Near infrared spectroscopic examination of charred pine wood, bark, cellulose and lignin: implications for the quantitative determination of charcoal in soils SO JOURNAL OF NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE NIR spectroscopy; near infrared; charred; charcoal; soil; wood; bark; lignin; cellulose; carbon ID BLACK CARBON; SEDIMENTS AB The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of charring on near infrared spectra of materials likely to be present in forest fires in order to determine the feasibility of determining charred carbon in soils. Four materials (cellulose, lignin, pine bark and pine wood) and char from these materials created by charring for various durations (1 to 168h) and at various temperatures (200 to 450 C) were studied. Near infrared spectra and measures of acidity (total acids, carboxylic acids, lactones and phenols as determined by titration) were available for 56 different samples (Not all samples charred at all temperatures/durations). Results showed spectral changes that varied with the material, temperature and duration of charring. Examination of spectra and correlation plots indicated that changes in the constituents of the materials in question, such as loss of OH groups in carbohydrates, rather than direct determination of typical products produced by charring, such as carboxylic acids, lactones and phenols, were the basis for the spectral changes. Finally, while the spectral changes resulting from charring appeared to be relatively unique to each material, PLS calibrations for total acids, carboxylic acids, lactones and phenols were successfully created (with R-2 of 0.991, 0.943, 0.931 and 0.944, respectively) indicating that there is a sufficient commonality in the changes to develop calibrations without the need for unique calibrations for each specific set of charring conditions (i.e. material, temperature and time of heating). C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Hydrodol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Reeves, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Environmenm Management & Byproduct U, Bldg 306,Rm 101, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM james.reeves@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 10 PU N I R PUBLICATIONS PI CHICHESTER PA 6 CHARLTON MILL, CHARLTON, CHICHESTER PO18 0HY, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0967-0335 J9 J NEAR INFRARED SPEC JI J. Near Infrared Spectrosc. PY 2007 VL 15 IS 5 BP 307 EP 315 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 221LV UT WOS:000250230300005 ER PT J AU Ginting, D Arnold, SL Arnold, NS Tubbs, RS AF Ginting, Daniel Arnold, Spencer L. Arnold, Nicholas S. Tubbs, Ronald S. TI Construction and testing of a simple and economical soil greenhouse gas automatic sampler SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE manual sampling; diffusion; gas analysis; vented chamber ID NITROUS-OXIDE FLUXES; CARBON; EMISSIONS; MANURE; MAIZE; N2O AB Quantification of soil greenhouse gas emissions requires considerable sampling to account for spatial and/or temporal variation. With manual sampling, additional personnel are often not available to sample multiple sites within a narrow time interval. The objectives were to construct an automatic gas sampler and to compare the accuracy and precision of automatic versus manual sampling. The automatic sampler was tested with carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes that mimicked the range Of CO2 fluxes during a typical corn-growing season in eastern Nebraska. Gas samples were drawn from the chamber at 0, 5, and 10 min manually and with the automatic sampler. The three samples drawn with the automatic sampler were transferred to pre-vacuumed vials after I h; thus the samples in syringe barrels stayed connected with the increasing CO2 concentration in the chamber. The automatic sampler sustains accuracy and precision in greenhouse gas sampling while improving time efficiency and reducing labor stress. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, SWCRU, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NSA Consulting, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Ginting, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Nebraska Water Sci Ctr, 5231 S 19th St, Lincoln, NE 68512 USA. EM dginting@usgs.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 2007 VL 30 IS 7-9 BP 1441 EP 1454 DI 10.1080/01904160701555291 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 217PG UT WOS:000249959200029 ER PT J AU Celebi, M AF Celebi, Mehmet TI Developments in seismic monitoring for risk reduction SO JOURNAL OF RISK RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE earthquakes; seismic; monitoring; GPS; drift ratios; buildings AB This paper presents recent state-of-the-art developments to obtain displacements and drift ratios for seismic monitoring and damage assessment of buildings. In most cases, decisions on safety of buildings following seismic events are based on visual inspections of the structures. Real-time instrumental measurements using GPS or double integration of accelerations, however, offer a viable alternative. Relevant parameters, such as the type of connections and structural characteristics (including storey geometry), can be estimated to compute drifts corresponding to several pre-selected threshold stages of damage. Drift ratios determined from real-time monitoring can then be compared to these thresholds in order to estimate damage conditions drift ratios. This approach is demonstrated in three steel frame buildings in San Francisco, California. Recently recorded data of strong shaking from these buildings indicate that the monitoring system can be a useful tool in rapid assessment of buildings and other structures following an earthquake. Such systems can also be used for risk monitoring, as a method to assess performance-based design and analysis procedures, for long-term assessment of structural characteristics of a building, and as a possible long-term damage detection tool. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Celebi, M (reprint author), 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM celebi@usgs.gov NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1366-9877 J9 J RISK RES JI J. Risk Res. PY 2007 VL 10 IS 5 BP 715 EP 727 DI 10.1080/13669870701447964 PG 13 WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 193FU UT WOS:000248260700006 ER PT J AU Xu, XW Cai, XP Zhong, JY Song, BC Peters, SG AF Xu, Xing-Wang Cai, Xin-Ping Zhong, Jia-You Song, Bao-Chang Peters, Stephen G. TI Formation of tectonic peperites from alkaline magmas intruded into wet sediments in the Beiya area, western Yunnan, China SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE magma; wet sediments; intrusion; tectonic peperites; beiya; western yunnan ID RIVER SHEAR ZONE; CRACK-PROPAGATION; TRANSPORT; CONSTRAINTS; EMPLACEMENT; CALIFORNIA; AUSTRALIA; DIAPIRISM; MECHANISM; VOLCANISM AB Tertiary (3.78 Ma to 3.65 Ma) biotite-K-feldspar porphyritic bodies intrude Tertiary, poorly consolidated lacustrine sedimentary rocks in the Beiya mineral district in southwestern China. The intrusives are characterized by a rnicrocrystalline and vitreous-cryptocrystalline groundmass, by replacement of some tabular K-feldspar phenocrysts with microcrystalline chlorite and calcite, and by Fe-rich rings surrounding biotite phenocrysts. Peculiar structures, such as contemporary contact faults and slickensides, ductile shear zones and flow folds, foliation and lineations, tension fractures, and banded and boudin peperites, are developed along the contact zones of the intrusives. These features are related to the forceful intrusion of the alkaline magmas into the wet Tertiary sediments. The partially consolidated magmas were deformed and flattened by continued forceful magma intrusion that produced boudinaged and banded peperites. These peperites characterized by containing oriented deformation fabrics are classified as tectonic peperites as a new type of peperite, and formation of these tectonic peperites was related to fracturing of magmas caused by forceful intrusion and shear deformation and to contemporary migration and injection of fluidized sediments along fractures that dismembered the porphyritic magma. Emplacement of the magma into the wet sediments in the Beiya area is interpreted to be related to a large pressure difference rather than to the buoyancy force. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Key Lab Mineral Resources, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Xu, XW (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Key Lab Mineral Resources, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. EM xuxw@mail.igcas.ac.cn; caixp@mail.igcas.ac.cn; speters@usgs.gov NR 59 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0191-8141 J9 J STRUCT GEOL JI J. Struct. Geol. PY 2007 VL 29 IS 8 BP 1400 EP 1413 DI 10.1016/j.jsg.2007.04.007 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 207PP UT WOS:000249263400010 ER PT J AU Quinn, MJ McKernan, M Lavoie, ET Ottinger, MA AF Quinn, Michael James, Jr. McKernan, Moira Lavoie, Emma T. Ottinger, Mary Ann TI Immunotoxicity of trenbolone acetate in Japanese quail SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID TESTOSTERONE-PROPIONATE; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; TREATMENT-PLANT; FABRICIUS; BURSA; CHICKENS; GROWTH; MIBOLERONE; RECEPTOR; HORMONES AB Trenbolone acetate is a synthetic androgen that is currently used as a growth promoter in many meat-exporting countries. Despite industry laboratories classifying trenbolone as nonteratogenic, data showed that embryonic exposure to this androgenic chemical altered development of the immune system in Japanese quail. Trenbolone is lipophilic, persistent, and released into the environment in manure used as soil fertilizer. This is the first study to date to assess this chemical's immunotoxic effects in an avian species. A one-time injection of trenbolone into yolks was administered to mimic maternal deposition, and subsequent effects on the development and function of the immune system were determined in chicks and adults. Development of the bursa of Fabricius, an organ responsible for development of the humoral arm of the immune system, was disrupted, as indicated by lower masse, and smaller and fewer follicles at day 1 of hatch. Morphological differences in the bursas persisted in adults, although no differences in either two measures of immune function were observed. Total numbers of circulating leukocytes were reduced and heterophil-lymphocyte ratios were elevated in chicks but not adults. This study shows that trenbolone acetate is teratogenic and immunotoxic in Japanese quail, and provides evidence that the quail immune system may be fairly resilient to embryonic endocrine-disrupting chemical-induced alterations following no further exposure posthatch. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Quinn, MJ (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Edgewood Area,Bldg E-1200, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM michael.james.quinn@us.army.mil NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 70 IS 1 BP 88 EP 93 DI 10.1080/15287390600755026 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 124TG UT WOS:000243392200009 PM 17162502 ER PT J AU Bunnell, JE Tatu, CA Lerch, HE Orem, WH Pavlovic, N AF Bunnell, Joseph E. Tatu, Calin A. Lerch, Harry E. Orem, William H. Pavlovic, Nikola TI Evaluating nephrotoxicity of high-molecular-weight organic compounds in drinking water from lignite aquifers SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID BALKAN ENDEMIC NEPHROPATHY AB High-molecular-weight organic compounds such as humic acids and/or fulvic acids that are naturally mobilized from lignite beds into untreated drinking-water supplies were suggested as one possible cause of Balkan endemic nephropathy ( BEN) and cancer of the renal pelvis. A lab investigation was undertaken in order to assess the nephrotoxic potential of such organic compounds using an in vitro tissue culture model. Because of the infeasibility of exposing kidney tissue to low concentrations of organics for years in the lab, tangential flow ultrafiltration was employed to hyperconcentrate samples suitable for discerning effects in the short time frames necessitated by tissue culture systems. Effects on HK-2 kidney cells were measured using two different cell proliferation assays (MTT and alamarBlue). Results demonstrated that exposure of kidney tissue to high-molecular-weight organics produced excess cell death or proliferation depending on concentration and duration of exposure. C1 USGS, US Dept Interior, Eastern Energy Resources Team, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Univ Med & Pharm, Dept Immunol, Timisoara, Romania. Univ Nis, Fac Med, Inst Nephrol & Haemodialysis, Nish, Serbia. RP Bunnell, JE (reprint author), USGS, US Dept Interior, Eastern Energy Resources Team, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,956 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jbunnell@usgs.gov NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2007 VL 70 IS 24 BP 2089 EP 2091 DI 10.1080/15287390701551274 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 236IX UT WOS:000251297700008 PM 18049998 ER PT J AU Thogmartin, WE Knutson, MG AF Thogmartin, Wayne E. Knutson, Melinda G. TI Scaling local species-habitat relations to the larger landscape with a hierarchical spatial count model SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE abundance map; black-billed cuckoo; hierarchical model; information-theoretic model selection; multi-level model; red-headed woodpecker; spatial count model; wood thrush ID BREEDING-BIRD DISTRIBUTION; FOREST BIRDS; CERULEAN WARBLERS; GAP ANALYSIS; ABUNDANCE; CLIMATE; BIODIVERSITY; VEGETATION; OCCUPANCY; PATTERNS AB Much of what is known about avian species-habitat relations has been derived from studies of birds at local scales. It is entirely unclear whether the relations observed at these scales translate to the larger landscape in a predictable linear fashion. We derived habitat models and mapped predicted abundances for three forest bird species of eastern North America using bird counts, environmental variables, and hierarchical models applied at three spatial scales. Our purpose was to understand habitat associations at multiple spatial scales and create predictive abundance maps for purposes of conservation planning at a landscape scale given the constraint that the variables used in this exercise were derived from local-level studies. Our models indicated a substantial influence of landscape context for all species, many of which were counter to reported associations at finer spatial extents. We found land cover composition provided the greatest contribution to the relative explained variance in counts for all three species; spatial structure was second in importance. No single spatial scale dominated any model, indicating that these species are responding to factors at multiple spatial scales. For purposes of conservation planning, areas of predicted high abundance should be investigated to evaluate the conservation potential of the landscape in their general vicinity. In addition, the models and spatial patterns of abundance among species suggest locations where conservation actions may benefit more than one species. C1 US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Thogmartin, WE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM wthogmartin@usgs.gov RI Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008 OI Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279 NR 50 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 22 IS 1 BP 61 EP 75 DI 10.1007/s10980-006-9005-2 PG 15 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 127XO UT WOS:000243619800007 ER PT B AU Collins, BD Kayen, R Sitar, N AF Collins, B. D. Kayen, R. Sitar, N. BE McInnes, R Jakeways, J Fairbank, H Mathie, E TI Process-based empirical prediction of landslides in weakly lithified coastal cliffs, San Francisco, California, USA SO LANDSLIDES AND CLIMATE CHANGE: CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS SE Proceedings and Monographs in Engineering Water and Earth Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Landslides and Climate Change CY MAY, 2007 CL Ventnor, ENGLAND SP United Nat Int Strategy for Disaster Reduct ID WAVE RUNUP; EROSION AB Coastal landslides in weakly lithified sediment are a common occurrence in many parts of the world, including the west coast of the United States. Here, geologically young (Quaternary), marine terrace deposits form steep, near vertical cliff exposures up to 30 m in height and extend for many kilometres along the coastlines of the states of California, Oregon, and Washington. A comprehensive research study begun in 2001 documented and monitored the effects of winter storms on several sections of cliff south of San Francisco, California, USA. We present the results of five seasons (2001-2006) of weekly observations of these cliffs, documenting failure occurrences, modes, and mechanisms along a 1.5 km stretch of coast, and correlate these with storm event precipitation totals and storm-induced ocean wave run-up heights. We utilize the results of the correlations to outline thresholds for the likelihood of cliff failure in order to form a process-based, short-term, methodology for landslide prediction. The methodology is generalized for long-term (decadal) predictions of landslide occurrence based on rates of sea-level rise, and possible changes in precipitation. C1 [Collins, B. D.; Kayen, R.] US Geol Survey, Western Coastal & Marine Geol, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Sitar, N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Collins, BD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Coastal & Marine Geol, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. OI Sitar, Nicholas/0000-0001-7253-5985 FU U.S. Geological Survey, Mendenhall Postdoctoral Research Program; Western Coastal and Marine Geology Program; University of California; Coastal Environmental Quality Initiative FX Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, Mendenhall Postdoctoral Research Program, the U.S. Geological Survey, Western Coastal and Marine Geology Program, and the University of California, Coastal Environmental Quality Initiative. Pamela Patrick and Ann Marie Puzio, former gradu-ate students at the University of California, Berkeley were responsible for several years of the data collection phase of this work and their diligence with site visits and observations are gratefully acknowledged. The authors wish to thank Monte Hampton for valuable insights and observations of the study area and Jonathan Allen at Oregon DOGAMI for helpful suggestions to the wave run-up analyses. The photo in Figure 2 is used with permission from Cotton, Shires and Associates and the photos in Figure 3 are used with permission of the California Coastal Records Project NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-44318-0 J9 PROC MONOGR ENG WATE PY 2007 BP 175 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Soil Science SC Engineering; Agriculture GA BHC06 UT WOS:000252144000022 ER PT J AU Calvert, A AF Calvert, Andrew TI Geothermal heat comes from within SO LASER FOCUS WORLD LA English DT Letter C1 US Geol Survey, Washington, DC 20242 USA. RP Calvert, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Washington, DC 20242 USA. EM acalvert@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO PI NASHUA PA 98 SPIT BROOK RD, NASHUA, NH 03062-2801 USA SN 1043-8092 J9 LASER FOCUS WORLD JI Laser Focus World PD JAN PY 2007 VL 43 IS 1 BP 11 EP 11 PG 1 WC Optics SC Optics GA 131JA UT WOS:000243863900002 ER PT J AU Park, W Douglas, DC Shirley, TC AF Park, Wongyu Douglas, David C. Shirley, Thomas C. TI North to Alaska: Evidence for conveyor belt transport of Dungeness crab larvae along the west coast of the United States and Canada SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; CANCER-MAGISTER; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; PACIFIC-OCEAN; AUKE BAY; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; ABUNDANCE; MOVEMENTS; ESTUARY AB We propose and evaluate the hypothesis that Dungeness crab (Cancer magister) larvae from the northwestern coast of the United States and Canada can be transported northward to southeastern Alaska. Larvae collected in southeastern Alaska during May and June 1997-2004 had abundances and stages that varied seasonally, interannually, and spatially. An unexpected presence of late-stage larvae in spring raises a question regarding their origin, and the most plausible explanation is that they hatched off the northern Washington and British Columbia coasts and were transported to southeastern Alaska. Buoy drift tracks support the hypothesis that larvae released off the northern Washington and British Columbia coasts during the peak hatching season can be physically transported to southeastern Alaska, arriving as late-stage larvae in May and June, when local larvae are only beginning to hatch. A northward spring progression of monthly mean 7 degrees C SST isotherms and phytoplankton blooms provide further evidence that environmental conditions are conducive for larval growth and metabolism during the transport period. The proposed larval transport suggests possible unidirectional gene flow between southern and northern populations of Dungeness crabs in southeastern Alaska. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau Ctr, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Harte Res Inst, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. RP Park, W (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau Ctr, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 1120 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM w.park@uaf.edu NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 52 IS 1 BP 248 EP 256 PG 9 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 130JH UT WOS:000243795400023 ER PT J AU Runkel, RL AF Runkel, Robert L. TI Toward a transport-based analysis of nutrient spiraling and uptake in streams SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY-METHODS LA English DT Article ID N-15 TRACER ADDITION; TRANSIENT STORAGE; PHOSPHORUS DYNAMICS; HYPORHEIC ZONE; FOREST STREAM; MEDITERRANEAN STREAM; HEADWATER STREAMS; WOODLAND STREAM; RETENTION; NITROGEN AB Nutrient addition experiments are designed to study the cycling of nutrients in stream ecosystems where hydrologic and nonhydrologic processes determine nutrient fate. Because of the importance of hydrologic processes in stream ecosystems, a conceptual model known as nutrient spiraling is frequently employed. A central part of the nutrient spiraling approach is the determination of uptake length (S(w)), the average distance traveled by dissolved nutrients in the water column before uptake. Although the nutrient spiraling concept has been an invaluable tool in stream ecology, the current practice of estimating uptake length from steady-state nutrient data using linear regression (called here the "S(w) approach") presents a number of limitations. These limitations are identified by comparing the exponential S(w) equation with analytical solutions of a stream solute transport model. This comparison indicates that ( 1) S(w) is an aggregate measure of uptake that does not distinguish between main channel and storage zone processes, ( 2) S(w) is an integrated measure of numerous hydrologic and nonhydrologic processes - this process integration may lead to difficulties in interpretation when comparing estimates of S(w), and ( 3) estimates of uptake velocity and areal uptake rate (v(f) and U) based on S(w) are not independent of system hydrology. Given these findings, a transport-based approach to nutrient spiraling is presented for steady-state and time-series data sets. The transport-based approach for time-series data sets is suggested for future research on nutrient uptake as it provides a number of benefits, including the ability to ( 1) separately quantify main channel and storage zone uptake, ( 2) quantify specific hydrologic and nonhydrologic processes using various model parameters ( process separation), ( 3) estimate uptake velocities and areal uptake rates that are independent of hydrologic effects, and ( 4) use short-term, non-plateau nutrient additions such that the effects of regeneration and mineralization are minimized. In summary, the transport-based, time-series approach provides a means of estimating traditional measures of nutrient uptake (S(w), v(f), U) while providing additional information on the location and magnitude of uptake ( main channel versus storage zone). Application of the transport-based approach to time-series data from Green Creek, Antarctica, indicates that the bulk of nitrate uptake (similar to 74% to 100%) occurred within the main channel where benthic uptake by algal mats is a likely process. Substantial uptake (similar to 26%) also occurred in the storage zone of one reach, where uptake is attributed to the microbial community. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Runkel, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 55 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 5 U2 34 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 1541-5856 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR-METH JI Limnol. Oceanogr. Meth. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 5 BP 50 EP 62 PG 13 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 145KK UT WOS:000244863500006 ER PT J AU Kofron, CP AF Kofron, Christopher P. TI Reproduction of the dusky fruit bat Penthetor lucasi (Pteropodidae) in Brunei, Borneo SO MAMMALIA LA English DT Article DE Borneo; Brunei; dusky fruit bat; Megachiroptera; Penthetor; Pteropodidae; reproduction ID MEGACHIROPTERA; FOOD AB The dusky fruit bat Penthetor lucasi is a small and poorly known species (Megachiroptera, Pteropodidae) inhabiting Southeast Asia. I studied its reproduction in Brunei, northern Borneo, where individuals were usually captured in rainforest. The climate of the study area is characterized by uniformly high temperatures and rainfall, but with two seasons of greater rainfall (April to July and October to December) and two of lesser rainfall. Based upon my data, I estimate the following regarding reproduction of P. lucasi. In general, reproduction of P. lucasi is characterized by a synchronized birth season around the month of October. Birth is followed by a postpartum estrus and mating; 2-4 months of lactation; a prolonged period of delayed embryonic development; and then relatively rapid embryonic development from July to September, with the subsequent birth likewise around October. In sum, the reproductive cycle is consistent with, a pattern of seasonal monestry. The synchronized birth season of P. lucasi does not correspond to the season of abundant flowering/fruiting (April to June) at the study site; rather, the species was relatively absent during this time. Thus, reproduction of P. lucasi appears linked to the flowering/fruiting and availability of specific plant species. This conforms to the concept of a sequential food specialist in which a species uses only a small and select fraction of the plants that are flowering/fruiting at any period of time. Females become sexually mature when weighing approximately 33.0-34.0 g in body mass with forearms approximately 5.7-6.2 cm in length. Males attain sexual maturity at approximately 27.0-30.0 g body mass with forearms approximately 5.4-5.8 cm in length. Seasonal testis recrudescence was not observed. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ventura, CA 93003 USA. RP Kofron, CP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 2493 Portola Rd,Suite B, Ventura, CA 93003 USA. EM chris-kofron@fws.gov NR 27 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0025-1461 EI 1864-1547 J9 MAMMALIA JI Mammalia PY 2007 VL 71 IS 4 BP 166 EP 171 DI 10.1515/MAMM.2007.031 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 245VK UT WOS:000251966700003 ER PT J AU Harvey, RW Suflita, JM McInerney, MJ Mills, AL AF Harvey, Ronald W. Suflita, Joseph M. McInerney, Michael J. Mills, Aaron L. BE Hurst, CJ Crawford, RL Garland, JL Lipson, DA Mills, AL Stetzenbach, LD TI Overview of Issues in Subsurface and Landfill Microbiology SO MANUAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, 3RD ED LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Harvey, Ronald W.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Suflita, Joseph M.; McInerney, Michael J.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Mills, Aaron L.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Microbial Ecol Lab, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Harvey, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-379-6 PY 2007 BP 795 EP 798 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA BOY05 UT WOS:000278001100066 ER PT J AU Cozzarelli, IM Weiss, JV AF Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. Weiss, Johanna V. BE Hurst, CJ Crawford, RL Garland, JL Lipson, DA Mills, AL Stetzenbach, LD TI Biogeochemistry of Aquifer Systems SO MANUAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, 3RD ED LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LANDFILL-LEACHATE PLUME; HYDROCARBON-CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; OIL SPILL SITE; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ELECTRON-ACCEPTING PROCESSES; SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; COAL-TAR-WASTE; NATURAL ATTENUATION PROCESSES; FIELD INJECTION EXPERIMENT C1 [Cozzarelli, Isabelle M.; Weiss, Johanna V.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Cozzarelli, IM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 155 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-379-6 PY 2007 BP 843 EP 859 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA BOY05 UT WOS:000278001100069 ER PT J AU Smith, RL Harris, SH AF Smith, Richard L. Harris, Steve H., Jr. BE Hurst, CJ Crawford, RL Garland, JL Lipson, DA Mills, AL Stetzenbach, LD TI Determining the Terminal Electron-Accepting Reaction in the Saturated Subsurface SO MANUAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, 3RD ED LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BACTERIAL SULFATE REDUCTION; NITROUS-OXIDE REDUCTION; GRADIENT TRACER TESTS; CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; LANDFILL LEACHATE; FRESH-WATER; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; NATURAL DENITRIFICATION; TERRESTRIAL SUBSURFACE; NITRATE REDUCTION C1 [Smith, Richard L.; Harris, Steve H., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Smith, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 86 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-379-6 PY 2007 BP 860 EP 871 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA BOY05 UT WOS:000278001100070 ER PT J AU Harvey, RW Harms, H Landkamer, L AF Harvey, Ronald W. Harms, Hauke Landkamer, Lee BE Hurst, CJ Crawford, RL Garland, JL Lipson, DA Mills, AL Stetzenbach, LD TI Transport of Microorganisms in the Terrestrial Subsurface: In Situ and Laboratory Methods SO MANUAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, 3RD ED LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; GRADIENT TRACER TEST; GAS-WATER INTERFACE; BACTERIAL COLLISION EFFICIENCIES; MODIFIED PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM OOCYSTS; CONTAMINATED SANDY AQUIFER; NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; ENHANCED OIL-RECOVERY C1 [Harvey, Ronald W.; Landkamer, Lee] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Harms, Hauke] UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Dept Environm Microbiol, D-04105 Leipzig, Germany. RP Harvey, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI Harms, Hauke/I-4406-2012 OI Harms, Hauke/0000-0002-7316-7341 NR 274 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-379-6 PY 2007 BP 872 EP 897 PG 26 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA BOY05 UT WOS:000278001100071 ER PT J AU Ross, SW Casazza, TL Quattrini, AM Sulak, KJ AF Ross, Steve W. Casazza, Tara L. Quattrini, Andrea M. Sulak, Kenneth J. TI Anguilliform larvae collected off North Carolina SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; SARGASSO SEA; SPECIES ASSEMBLAGES; NET AVOIDANCE; GULF-STREAM; CROSS-SHELF; ONSLOW BAY; LEPTOCEPHALI; FISHES; CONGRIDAE AB The distinctive larval stage of eels (leptocephalus) facilitates dispersal through prolonged life in the open ocean. Leptocephali are abundant and diverse off North Carolina, yet data on distributions and biology are lacking. The water column (from surface to 1,293 m) was sampled in or near the Gulf Stream off Cape Hatteras, Cape Lookout, and Cape Fear, North Carolina during summer through fall of 1999-2005, and leptocephali were collected by neuston net, plankton net, Tucker trawl, and dip net. Additional samples were collected nearly monthly from a transect across southern Onslow Bay, North Carolina (from surface to 91 m) from April 2000 to December 2001 by bongo and neuston nets, Methot frame trawl, and Tucker trawl. Overall, 584 tows were completed, and 224 of these yielded larval eels. The 1,295 eel leptocephali collected (combining all methods and areas) represented at least 63 species (nine families). Thirteen species were not known previously from the area. Dominant families for all areas were Congridae (44% of individuals, 11 species), Ophichthidae (30% of individuals, 27 species), and Muraenidae (22% of individuals, ten species). Nine taxa accounted for 70% of the overall leptocephalus catches (in order of decreasing abundance): Paraconger caudilimbatus (Poey), Gymnothorax ocellatus Agassiz complex, Ariosoma balearicum (Delaroche), Ophichthus gomesii (Castelnau), Callechelys muraena Jordan and Evermann, Letharchus aliculatus McCosker, Rhynchoconger flavus (Goode and Bean), Ophichthus cruentifer (Goode and Bean), Rhynchoconger gracilior (Ginsburg). The top three species represented 52% of the total eel larvae collected. Most leptocephali were collected at night (79%) and at depths > 45 m. Eighty percent of the eels collected in discrete depth Tucker trawls at night ranged from mean depths of 59-353 m. A substantial number (38% of discrete depth sample total) of larval eels were also collected at the surface (neuston net) at night. Daytime leptocephalus distributions were less clear partly due to low catches and lower Tucker trawl sampling effort. While net avoidance may account for some of the low daytime catches, an alternative explanation is that many species of larval eels occur during the day at depths > 350 m. Larvae of 21 taxa of typically shallow water eels were collected at depths > 350 m, but additional discrete depth diel sampling is needed to resolve leptocephalus vertical distributions. The North Carolina adult eel fauna (estuary to at least 2,000 m) consists of 51 species, 41% of which were represented in these collections. Many species of leptocephali collected are not yet known to have juveniles or adults established in the South Atlantic Bight or north of Cape Hatteras. Despite Gulf Stream transport and a prolonged larval stage, many of these eel leptocephali may not contribute to their respective populations. C1 Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. US Geol Survey, Ctr Aquat Resource Studies, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Ross, SW (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, 5600 Marvine K Moss Lane, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. EM rosss@uncw.edu NR 54 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 150 IS 4 BP 681 EP 695 DI 10.1007/s00227-006-0388-z PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 116UZ UT WOS:000242830300014 ER PT J AU Piatt, JF Sydeman, WJ Wiese, F AF Piatt, John F. Sydeman, William J. Wiese, Francis TI Introduction: a modern role for seabirds as indicators SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Editorial Material ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; PACIFIC-OCEAN; MARINE; CALIFORNIA; AVAILABILITY; ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; PREDATORS; ALASKA; DIET C1 [Piatt, John F.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Sydeman, William J.] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94975 USA. [Wiese, Francis] N Pacific Res Board, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. RP Piatt, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM john_piatt@usgs.gov NR 23 TC 96 Z9 103 U1 5 U2 31 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 352 BP 199 EP 204 DI 10.3354/meps07070 PG 6 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 257JQ UT WOS:000252795600018 ER PT J AU Piatt, JF Harding, AMA Shultz, M Speckman, SG van Pelt, TI Drew, GS Kettle, AB AF Piatt, John F. Harding, Ann M. A. Shultz, Michael Speckman, Suzann G. van Pelt, Thomas I. Drew, Gary S. Kettle, Arthur B. TI Seabirds as indicators of marine food supplies: Cairns revisited SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE ecological indicators; seabirds; food availability; threshold; functional response; predator-prey dynamics ID BLACK-LEGGED KITTIWAKES; GUILLEMOTS URIA-AALGE; TERNS STERNA-PARADISAEA; YELLOW-NOSED ALBATROSS; LOWER COOK INLET; TROPHIC LEVELS; ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABILITY; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; BREEDING ECOLOGY; BODY CONDITION AB In his seminal paper about using seabirds as indicators of marine food supplies, Cairns (1987, Biol Oceanogr 5:261-271) predicted that (1) parameters of seabird biology and behavior would vary in curvilinear fashion with changes in food supply, (2) the threshold of prey density over which birds responded would be different for each parameter, and (3) different seabird species would respond differently to variation in food availability depending on foraging behavior and ability to adjust time budgets. We tested these predictions using data collected at colonies of common murre Uria aalge and black-legged kittiwake Rissa tridactyla in Cook Inlet, Alaska. (1) Of 22 seabird responses fitted with linear and non-linear functions, 16 responses exhibited significant curvilinear shapes, and Akaike's information criterion (AIC) analysis indicated that curvilinear functions provided the best-fitting model for 12 of those. (2) However, there were few differences among parameters in their threshold to prey density, presumably because most responses ultimately depend upon a single threshold for prey acquisition at sea. (3) There were similarities and some differences in how species responded to variability in prey density. Both murres and kittiwakes minimized variability (CV < 15%) in their own body condition and growth of chicks in the face of high annual variability (CV = 69%) in local prey density. Whereas kittiwake breeding success (CV = 63%, r(2) = 0.89) reflected prey variability, murre breeding success did not (CV = 29%, r(2) < 6.00). It appears that murres were able to buffer breeding success by reallocating discretionary 'loafing' time to foraging effort in response (r(2) = 0.64) to declining prey density. Kittiwakes had little or no discretionary time, so fledging success was a more direct function of local prey density. Implications of these results for using 'seabirds as indicators' are discussed. C1 [Piatt, John F.; Harding, Ann M. A.; Shultz, Michael; van Pelt, Thomas I.; Drew, Gary S.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Harding, Ann M. A.] Alaska Pacific Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Speckman, Suzann G.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Kettle, Arthur B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Homer, AK 99603 USA. RP Piatt, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM john_piatt@usgs.gov OI Drew, Gary/0000-0002-6789-0891 NR 50 TC 94 Z9 101 U1 7 U2 45 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 352 BP 221 EP 234 DI 10.3354/meps07078 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 257JQ UT WOS:000252795600021 ER PT J AU Kitaysky, AS Piatt, JF Wingfield, JC AF Kitaysky, A. S. Piatt, J. F. Wingfield, J. C. TI Stress hormones link food availability and population processes in seabirds SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE corticosterone; food availability; stress; seabirds; population processes ID BLACK-LEGGED KITTIWAKES; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; CORTICOSTERONE LEVELS; RESOURCE-ALLOCATION; ADULT SURVIVAL; CLIFF SWALLOWS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; BODY CONDITION; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB Catastrophic population declines in marine top predators in the northern Pacific have been hypothesized to result from nutritional stress affecting reproduction and survival of individuals. However, empirical evidence for food-related stress in wild animals is frequently lacking or inconclusive. We used a field endocrinology approach to measure stress, identify its causes, and examine a link between stress and population processes in the common murre Uria aalge. We tested the empirical relationship between variations in the stress hormone corticosterone (CORT) and food abundance, reproduction, and persistence of individuals at declining and increasing colonies in Cook Inlet, Alaska, from 1996 to 2001. We found that CORT secretion in murres is independent of colony, reproductive stage effects, and gender of individuals, but is directly negatively correlated with abundance of their food. Baseline CORT reflected current food abundance, whereas acute stress-induced CORT reflected food abundance in the previous month. As food supply diminished, increased CORT secretion predicted a decrease in reproductive performance. At a declining colony, increased baseline levels of CORT during reproduction predicted disappearance of individuals from the population. Persistence of individuals in a growing colony was independent of CORT during reproduction. The obtained results support the hypothesis that nutritional stress during reproduction affects reproduction and survival in seabirds. This study provides the first unequivocal evidence for CORT secretion as a mechanistic link between fluctuations in food abundance and population processes in seabirds. C1 [Kitaysky, A. S.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Piatt, J. F.] USGS, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Wingfield, J. C.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Kitaysky, AS (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ffask@uaf.edu NR 68 TC 125 Z9 128 U1 4 U2 49 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 352 BP 245 EP 258 DI 10.3354/meps07074 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 257JQ UT WOS:000252795600023 ER PT J AU Harding, AMA Piatt, JF Schmutz, JA AF Harding, Ann M. A. Piatt, John F. Schmutz, Joel A. TI Seabird behavior as an indicator of food supplies: sensitivity across the breeding season SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE colony attendance; prey density; seabird; Uria aalge; hydroacoustic surveys; incubation; provisioning; chick-rearing ID THICK-BILLED MURRES; GUILLEMOTS URIA-AALGE; COMMON MURRES; PROVISIONING BEHAVIOR; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; TIME-BUDGETS; LOMVIA; ALASKA; AVAILABILITY; REPRODUCTION AB We used empirical data on the time allocation of common murres Uria aalge in relation to measures of local prey density to examine whether adults provisioning chicks are more sensitive to changes in prey density than birds that are incubating eggs. We hypothesized that seasonal differences in food requirements of incubating and chick-rearing parents would affect the form of the relationship between time spent at the colony and local food density. We found that the relationship did differ between the incubation and chick-rearing period in 3 important ways: (1) there was a strong non-linear relationship between food density and colony attendance (luring chick-rearing and a weaker relationship during incubation; (2) incubating birds were able to maintain relatively constant rates of attendance over a wider range of food densities than chick-rearing birds and only reduced colony attendance under extremely poor feeding conditions, if at all; and (3) incubating birds spent more time attending nest sites at the colony than provisioning birds. These differences confirmed that chick-rearing parents are more sensitive to changes in food density than incubating parents, and that measurements of time allocation during the incubation period would have limited value as an indicator of ecosystem change. C1 [Piatt, John F.; Schmutz, Joel A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Harding, Ann M. A.] Alaska Pacific Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Piatt, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM john_piatt@usgs.gov NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 9 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 352 BP 269 EP 274 DI 10.3354/meps07072 PG 6 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 257JQ UT WOS:000252795600025 ER PT J AU Springer, AM Byrd, GV Iverson, SJ AF Springer, Alan M. Byrd, G. Vernon Iverson, Sara J. TI Hot oceanography: planktivorous seabirds reveal ecosystem responses to warming of the Bering Sea SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; climate change; seabird; auklet; diet; copepod; oceanography ID LEAST AUKLETS; ALASKA; SHELF; ISLANDS; SHIFT; PREY AB The Bering Sea has experienced dramatic warming in this century that has altered elements of the ecosystem, including the structure and productivity of the zooplankton community on the continental shelf, and the extent to which waters and associated plankton of oceanic origin have intruded onto the shelf. We documented temporal and spatial scales of these changes by monitoring diets of least auklets Aethia pusilla on the Pribilof Islands-least auklets are planktivores that specialize on the large calanoid copepods Neocalanus spp. from the basin and Calanus marshallae from the shelf. Diets were estimated in the summers of 1996 to 2006 by enumerating prey in regurgitated meals brought to chicks by adults, and by fatty acid analyses of live biopsy samples of adipose tissue from adult birds in 2003 and 2004, which provided additional insight. In the unusually warm 2000s, Neocalanus spp. apparently were excluded from regions of the outer shelf, where they typically occur in cooler years, and, concurrently, C. marshallae was depressed over a large region of the shelf because of chronic failures of spring cohorts to survive. Both changes were associated with anomalously high water temperatures over the middle shelf. The information provided by least auklets greatly improves our understanding of the consequences of environmental change and supplies clues about how communities and ecosystem processes respond to physical forcing. Continued warming of the magnitude seen in recent years could become a cause for concern for auklets and other planktivores in the eastern Bering Sea if it alters prey availability in ways detrimental to their populations. C1 [Springer, Alan M.; Iverson, Sara J.] Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Byrd, G. Vernon] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alaska Maritime Natl Wildlife Refuge, Homer, AK 99603 USA. [Iverson, Sara J.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. RP Springer, AM (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ams@ims.uaf.edu NR 35 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 10 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 352 BP 289 EP 297 DI 10.3354/meps07080 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 257JQ UT WOS:000252795600027 ER PT J AU Newman, SH Chmura, A Converse, K Kilpatrick, AM Patel, N Lammers, E Daszak, P AF Newman, Scott H. Chmura, Aleksei Converse, Kathy Kilpatrick, A. Marm Patel, Nikkita Lammers, Emily Daszak, Peter TI Aquatic bird disease and mortality as an indicator of changing ecosystem health SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE emerging infectious diseases; aquatic birds; seabirds; ecosystem; health; bird mortality; sentinel species; conservation medicine; botulism; viral disease; bacterial disease ID VALDEZ OIL-SPILL; MASS-MORTALITY; COMMON MURRES; MARINE; SEA; EXTINCTION; GUILLEMOTS; EMERGENCE; SEABIRDS; WILDLIFE AB We analyzed data from pathologic investigations in the United States, collected by the USGS National Wildlife Health Center between 1971 and 2005, into aquatic bird mortality events. A total of 3619 mortality events was documented for aquatic birds, involving at least 633 708 dead birds from 158 species belonging to 23 families. Environmental causes accounted for the largest proportion of mortality events (1737 or 48%) and dead birds (437 258 or 69%); these numbers increased between 1971 and 2000, with biotoxin mortalities due to botulinum intoxication (Types C and E) being the leading cause of death. Infectious diseases were the second leading cause of mortality events (20%) and dead birds (20%), with both viral diseases, including duck plague (Herpes virus), paramyxovirus of cormorants (Paramyxovirus PMV1) and West Nile virus (Flavivirus), and bacterial diseases, including avian cholera (Pasteurella multocida), chlamydiosis (Chalmydia psittici), and salmonellosis (Salmonella sp.), contributing. Pelagic, coastal marine birds and species that use marine and freshwater habitats were impacted most frequently by environmental causes of death, with biotoxin exposure, primarily botulinum toxin, resulting in mortalities of both coastal and freshwater species. Pelagic birds were impacted most severely by emaciation and starvation, which may reflect increased anthropogenic pressure on the marine habitat from over-fishing, pollution, and other factors. Our study provides important information on broad trends in aquatic bird mortality and highlights how long-term wildlife disease studies can be used to identify anthropogenic threats to wildlife conservation and ecosystem health. In particular, mortality data for the past 30 yr suggest that biotoxins, viral, and bacterial diseases could have impacted >5 million aquatic birds. C1 [Chmura, Aleksei; Converse, Kathy; Kilpatrick, A. Marm; Patel, Nikkita; Daszak, Peter] Consortium Conservat Med, New York, NY 10001 USA. [Converse, Kathy] USGS Natl Wildlife Hlt Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Newman, Scott H.] Wildlife Trust, New York, NY 10001 USA. RP Newman, SH (reprint author), Field Vet Program, Wildlife Conservat Soc, 2300 Southern Blvd, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. EM scott.newman@fao.org OI Patel, Nikkita/0000-0001-6300-6731 NR 39 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 6 U2 45 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 352 BP 299 EP 309 DI 10.3354/meps07076 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 257JQ UT WOS:000252795600028 ER PT J AU Criales, MM Browder, JA Mooers, CNK Robblee, MB Cardenas, H Jackson, TL AF Criales, Maria M. Browder, Joan A. Mooers, Christopher N. K. Robblee, Michael B. Cardenas, Hernando Jackson, Thomas L. TI Cross-shelf transport of pink shrimp larvae: interactions of tidal currents, larval vertical migrations and internal tides SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE selective tidal transport; pink shrimp larval behavior; internal tides; Farfantepenaeus duorarum ID FARFANTEPENAEUS-DUORARUM POSTLARVAE; FLORIDA BAY; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; SHOREWARD TRANSPORT; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; STREAM TRANSPORT; DEPTH REGULATION; CORAL-REEF; BLUE-CRAB; RECRUITMENT AB Transport and behavior of pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus duorarum larvae were investigated on the southwestern Florida (SWF) shelf of the Gulf of Mexico between the Dry Tortugas spawning grounds and Florida Bay nursery grounds. Stratified plankton samples and hydrographic data were collected at 2 h intervals at 3 stations located on a cross-shelf transect. At the Marquesas station, midway between Dry Tortugas and Florida Bay, internal tides were recognized by anomalously cool water, a shallow thermocline with strong density gradients, strong current shear, and a high concentration of pink shrimp larvae at the shallow thermocline. Low Richardson numbers occurred at the pycnocline depth, indicating vertical shear instability and possible turbulent transport from the lower to the upper layer where myses and postlarvae were concentrated. Analysis of vertically stratified plankton suggested that larvae perform vertical migrations and the specific behavior changes ontogenetically; protozoeae were found deeper than myses, and myses deeper than postlarvae. Relative concentrations of protozoea in the upper, middle and bottom layers were consistent with a diel vertical migration, whereas that of postlarvae and myses were consistent with the semidiurnal tides in phase with the flood tide. Postlarvae, the shallowest dwellers that migrate with a semidiurnal periodicity, experienced the largest net onshore flux and larval concentrations were highly correlated with the cross-shelf current. These results provide the first evidence of an onshore tidal transport (a type of selective tidal stream transport, STST), in decapod larvae migrating in continental shelf waters offshore, ca. 100 km from the coast and at a depth of 20 m, while approaching the coastal nursery grounds. Longer time series would be necessary to establish whether internal tides play any role in the larval onshore transport of this species and determine if the STST is the dominant onshore transport mechanism. C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NOAA Fisheries, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. US Geol Survey, Ctr Water & Restorat Studies, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33315 USA. RP Criales, MM (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM mcriales@rsmas.miami.edu NR 59 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 14 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 345 BP 167 EP 184 DI 10.3354/meps06916 PG 18 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 220ZK UT WOS:000250195800015 ER PT J AU Sonnenholzner, JI Ladah, LB Lafferty, KD AF Sonnenholzner, Jorge I. Ladah, Lydia B. Lafferty, Kevin D. TI Cascading effects of fishing on Galapagos rocky reef communities SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE trophic cascade; fishing; predation; population structure; eucidaris galapagensis; Galapagos marine reserve; ecuador ID SEA-URCHINS; MARINE RESERVES; KELP FOREST; PARACENTROTUS-LIVIDUS; TROPHIC CASCADES; PROTECTED AREAS; CORAL-REEFS; RECRUITMENT; ECOSYSTEMS; FISHERIES AB A replicated comparison of heavily and lightly fished areas in the Galapagos suggested that fishing predators led to an increase in herbivores and a dramatic shift in the algal community toward crustose barrens. We sampled 10 highly fished and 10 lightly fished shallow rocky reefs in the southeastern area of the Galapagos Marine Reserve, Ecuador. Negative associations between consumers and resources suggested top-down control. At cold sites, there was a negative association between slate-pencil urchins Eucidaris galapagensis and non-coralline algae. In addition, at cold sites, pencil urchins were less abundant where there were many predators. An indirect positive association between predators and non-coralline algae occurred at warm and cold sites. Fishing appeared to affect this trophic cascade. The spiny lobster Panulirus penicillatus, the slipper lobster Scyllarides astori, and the Mexican hogfish Bodianus diplotaenia were significantly less abundant at highly fished sites. Urchin density was higher at highly fished sites. Non-coralline algae were nearly absent from highly fished sites where a continuous carpet of the anemone Aiptasia sp. was recorded and the algal assemblage was mainly structured by encrusting coralline and articulated calcareous algae. C1 CICESE, Dept Biol Oceanog, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Marine Sci Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Ladah, LB (reprint author), CICESE, Dept Biol Oceanog, POB 434844, San Diego, CA 92143 USA. EM Iladah@cicese.mx RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593 NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 16 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 343 BP 77 EP 85 DI 10.3354/meps03915 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 206DJ UT WOS:000249163800008 ER PT J AU Labenia, JS Baldwin, DH French, BL Davis, JW Scholz, NL AF Labenia, Jana S. Baldwin, David H. French, Barbara L. Davis, Jay W. Scholz, Nathaniel L. TI Behavioral impairment and increased predation mortality in cutthroat trout exposed to carbaryl SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE pesticide; behavioral avoidance; carbamate; acetylcholinesterase; olfaction; predation; trout; estuary ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; CHINOOK SALMON; COHO SALMON; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITION; CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY; BURROWING SHRIMP; RAINBOW-TROUT; PESTICIDE; AVOIDANCE; COPPER AB Willapa Bay is a coastal estuary in Washington State that provides seasonal rearing habitat for anadromous cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki clarki. Cutthroat trout forage throughout the estuary in the summer months when carbaryl, a carbamate insecticide, is applied to oyster beds via aerial spraying and other application methods to control burrowing shrimp populations. The insecticide interferes with normal nervous system function in trout via the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme that regulates neurotransmitter-mediated signaling at synapses. In the present study, we show that the olfactory system of trout is unresponsive to carbaryl, and that trout do not avoid seawater containing the pesticide at environmentally representative concentrations. Short-term (6 h) carbaryl exposures significantly reduced acetylcholinesterase activity in both brain and muscle in a dose-dependent manner. Enzyme activity gradually recovered over 42 h following carbaryl exposure (6 h at 500 mu g l(-1)). In tests of swimming performance, trout were unable to orient to directional flow and swim effectively at exposure concentrations >= 750 mu g l(-1). Finally, we determined rates of predation by lingcod Ophiodon elongatus on carbaryl-exposed and unexposed trout. Exposed animals were consumed by predators at significantly higher rates at concentrations >= 500 mu g l(-1). We conclude that cutthroat trout are unlikely to avoid carbaryl-contaminated seawater, and that estuarine applications are likely to cause neurobehavioral impairments in trout that may increase individual mortality due to predation. C1 NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. Western Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. RP Scholz, NL (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. EM nathaniel.scholz@noaa.gov RI Scholz, Nathaniel/L-1642-2013 OI Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272 NR 33 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 11 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 329 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.3354/meps329001 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 151VU UT WOS:000245319700001 ER PT J AU D'Iorio, M Jupiter, SD Cochran, SA Potts, DC AF D'Iorio, Mimi Jupiter, Stacy D. Cochran, Susan A. Potts, Donald C. TI Optimizing remote sensing and GIS tools for mapping and managing the distribution of an invasive mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) on South Molokai, Hawaii SO MARINE GEODESY LA English DT Article DE AVIRIS; ASTER; aerial photography; habitat mapping; classification accuracy; alien species management; red mangrove ID AERIAL-PHOTOGRAPHY; CORAL-REEF; VEGETATION; CLASSIFICATION; REFLECTANCE; BIODIVERSITY; INDICATORS; MANAGEMENT; RESOURCES; ACCURACY AB In 1902, the Florida red mangrove, Rhizophora mangle L., was introduced to the island of Molokai, Hawaii, and has since colonized nearly 25% of the south coast shoreline. By classifying three kinds of remote sensing imagery, we compared abilities to detect invasive mangrove distributions and to discriminate mangroves from surrounding terrestrial vegetation. Using three analytical techniques, we compared mangrove mapping accuracy for various sensor-technique combinations. ANOVA of accuracy assessments demonstrated significant differences among techniques, but no significant differences among the three sensors. We summarize advantages and disadvantages of each sensor and technique for mapping mangrove distributions in tropical coastal environments. C1 [D'Iorio, Mimi] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Jupiter, Stacy D.; Potts, Donald C.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Evolut Biol, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Cochran, Susan A.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP D'Iorio, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM mimi.diorio@noaa.gov RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011; OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611; Jupiter, Stacy/0000-0001-9742-1677 NR 76 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0419 J9 MAR GEOD JI Mar. Geod. PY 2007 VL 30 IS 1-2 BP 125 EP 144 DI 10.1080/01490410701296663 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA 240FA UT WOS:000251571400008 ER PT J AU Dowsett, HJ Robinson, MM AF Dowsett, Harry J. Robinson, Marei M. TI Mid-pliocene planktic foraminifer assemblage of the north Atlantic ocean SO MICROPALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; JOINT INVESTIGATIONS; CLIMATE; GLACIATION; WARMTH; RECORD; ONSET; SEA AB The US Geological Survey Pliocene Research, Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping (PRISM) North Atlantic faunal data set provides a unique, temporally constrained perspective to document and evaluate the quantitative geographic distribution of key mid-Pliocene taxa. Planktic foraminifer census data from within the PRISM time slab (3.29 to 2.97 Ma) at thirteen sites in the North Atlantic Ocean have been analyzed. We have compiled Scanning Electron Micrographs for an atlas of mid-Pliocene assemblages from the North Atlantic with descriptions of each taxon to document the taxonomic concepts that accompany the PRISM data. In mid-Pliocene assemblages, the geographic distributions of extant taxa are similar to their present day distributions, although some are extended to the north. We use the distribution of extinct taxa to assess previous assumptions regarding environmental preferences. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Dowsett, HJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM hdowsett@usgs.gov OI Dowsett, Harry/0000-0003-1983-7524 NR 82 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU MICROPALEONTOLOGY PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 256 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 0026-2803 J9 MICROPALEONTOLOGY JI Micropaleontology PY 2007 VL 53 IS 1-2 BP 105 EP 126 PG 22 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 226QT UT WOS:000250604300004 ER PT J AU Dowsett, H AF Dowsett, Harry TI Faunal re-evaluation of Mid-Pliocene conditions in the western equatorial Pacific SO MICROPALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; FORAMINIFER TRANSFER-FUNCTION; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; NORTH-ATLANTIC; PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERS; DATA COMPILATION; WARM POOL; OCEAN; CLIMATE AB Mid-Pliocene low-latitude Pacific faunal (planktic foraminifer) sea surface temperature (SST) estimates are normally based upon the Modern Analog Technique (MAT). In the Eastern equatorial Pacific (EEP), where upwelling of cool water predominates, MAT can be used to discern both cooling and warming in Neogene records. SST today is similar to 30 degrees C in the western equatorial Pacific (WEP) warm pool, the upper limit of the modern calibration data, and past warming above that level is difficult to assess using faunal methods. Mid-Pliocene fossil samples from the WEP have been analyzed using several variations of MAT with different outcomes and associated levels of confidence. While SST above similar to 30 degrees C in the WEP during the mid-Pliocene cannot be ruled out due to the limitations of the method, temperatures this warm seem unlikely. In addition to the mid-Pliocene, planktic foraminifer assemblages from the coretop, last glacial maximum, last interglacial and the penultimate glacial (Marine Isotope Stage 6) show striking similarity to each other which suggests little to no change in the region between times of global climate extremes. There is generally good agreement between the Mg/Ca paleothermometer and MAT derived faunal SST estimates. Both suggest stability of the WEP warm pool. C1 [Dowsett, Harry] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Dowsett, H (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 926A Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. OI Dowsett, Harry/0000-0003-1983-7524 NR 42 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU MICROPALEONTOLOGY PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 256 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 0026-2803 EI 1937-2795 J9 MICROPALEONTOLOGY JI Micropaleontology PY 2007 VL 53 IS 6 BP 447 EP 456 PG 10 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 281LF UT WOS:000254498100002 ER PT J AU Yasuhara, M Kato, M Ikeya, N Seto, K AF Yasuhara, Moriaki Kato, Masako Ikeya, Noriyuki Seto, Koji TI Modern benthic ostracodes from Lutzow-Holm, Bay, East Antarctica: paleoceanographic, paleobiogeographic, and evolutionary significance SO MICROPALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Review ID BUENOS-AIRES PROVINCE; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; SEDIMENT CORES; BAHIA BLANCA; ROSS-ISLAND; SANTA-CRUZ; DEEP-SEA; ARGENTINA; HOLOCENE; PALEOENVIRONMENTS AB Seventy-three ostracode species from 38 genera were recovered from the 55 surface sediment samples in Lutzow-Holm Bay, northeastern Antarctica. We investigated bathymetric and geographic distributions of modern benthic ostracode species in the bay and compared this fauna with published modern and fossil ostracode data of Antarctic and southern South American regions. The results show: (1) Four biotopes and three sub-biotopes are recognized based on Q-mode cluster analysis, which suggest distributions of modem ostracodes are mainly controlled by water-mass structure, ice scouring, and light availability. (2) Comparison between the Lutow-Holm Bay fauna and other ostracode faunas from Antarctica and southern South America shows high endemism and homogeneity of Antarctic ostracode fauna, suggesting in situ evolution of most extant Antarctic species. (3) Most species are endemic to the Antarctica, a few species also inhabit South American waters. C1 [Yasuhara, Moriaki] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Kato, Masako; Ikeya, Noriyuki] Shizuoka Univ, Fac Sci, Inst Geosci, Shizuoka 4228529, Japan. [Seto, Koji] Shimane Univ, Res Ctr Coastal Lagoon Environm, Matsue, Shimane 6908504, Japan. RP Yasuhara, M (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM moriakiyasuhara@gmail.com RI Yasuhara, Moriaki/A-4986-2008 OI Yasuhara, Moriaki/0000-0001-8501-4863 NR 105 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU MICROPALEONTOLOGY PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 256 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 0026-2803 J9 MICROPALEONTOLOGY JI Micropaleontology PY 2007 VL 53 IS 6 BP 469 EP 496 PG 28 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 281LF UT WOS:000254498100004 ER PT J AU Niswonger, RG Rassam, D Prudic, DE AF Niswonger, Richard G. Rassam, David Prudic, David E. BE Oxley, L Kulasiri, D TI Assessing Water Resources Using a New Hydrologic Model SO MODSIM 2007: INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON MODELLING AND SIMULATION: LAND, WATER AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: INTEGRATED SYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Congress on Modelling and Simulation (MODSIM07) CY DEC 10-13, 2007 CL Christchurch, NEW ZEALAND SP Lincoln Univ, HEMA Consulting Pty Ltd, Modelling and Simulat Soc Australia & New Zealand (MSSANZ), Univ Canterbury, SGI, Lincoln Ventures Ltd, Hoare Res Software Ltd, IMACS, IEMSS, Environm Modelling & Software, IBM DE Water resources; integrated hydrologic models; surface-water and ground-water interaction AB GSFLOW is a new U. S. Geological Survey model for simulating ground-water/surface-water interactions. GSFLOW couples PRMS (the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System) to MODFLOW (the Modular Ground-Water Model) with modules for simulating flow and storage in unsaturated-zones, lakes, and streams. GSFLOW simulates infiltration, runoff generation, and lateral flow in temporarily saturated material (i.e., interflow beneath storm-generated perched water tables) with physically based equations. Unsaturated-zone flow beneath the soil zone is based on a 1-d kinematic-wave approximation to the Richards' equation, implicitly coupled to MODFLOW. GSFLOW simulates spatial-and time-varying ground-water recharge on the basis of daily energy and mass balances among precipitation, solar radiation, heat, evapotranspiration, runoff, infiltration, and storage in the snowpack and soil zone, and percolation and storage through the unsaturated zone as well as changes to recharge caused by ground-water pumping and surface-water diversions. The water resources of multiple basins in the United States and Australia are being evaluated with GSFLOW. The model will be used to relate physical and hydrologic characteristics of the basins such as land use, geography, and climate to water resources issues such as sustainable yield and surface-water/ground-water interaction. Application of GSFLOW in three dissimilar basins will provide a robust means of testing the new model and could provide new insights when assessing water-resources across the world. C1 [Niswonger, Richard G.; Prudic, David E.] US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV USA. RP Niswonger, RG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV USA. EM david.rassam@csiro.au NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU MODELLING & SIMULATION SOC AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND INC PI CHRISTCHURCH PA MSSANZ, CHRISTCHURCH, 00000, NEW ZEALAND BN 978-0-9758400-4-7 PY 2007 BP 1410 EP 1415 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BUQ25 UT WOS:000290030701068 ER PT J AU Wein, AM Bernknopf, RL AF Wein, A. M. Bernknopf, R. L. BE Oxley, L Kulasiri, D TI Interdisciplinary Approaches to Regional Risk Reduction Decision-Making SO MODSIM 2007: INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON MODELLING AND SIMULATION: LAND, WATER AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: INTEGRATED SYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Congress on Modelling and Simulation (MODSIM07) CY DEC 10-13, 2007 CL Christchurch, NEW ZEALAND SP Lincoln Univ, HEMA Consulting Pty Ltd, Modelling and Simulat Soc Australia & New Zealand (MSSANZ), Univ Canterbury, SGI, Lincoln Ventures Ltd, Hoare Res Software Ltd, IMACS, IEMSS, Environm Modelling & Software, IBM DE Interdisciplinary; natural hazards; regional risk reduction AB Two federal geological surveys, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) have initiated projects with similar goals, but have taken different paths. Both agencies aim to provide natural hazard information for the purpose of reducing societal losses and risk and increasing resiliency. Both projects involve experts from multiple disciplines within and outside these agencies to produce an integrated process and product that transforms natural hazard information into estimates of potential physical damages and subsequent social, economic and ecologic consequences. Both seek to accommodate policy and decision-makers who implement strategies to reduce physical damages, prepare emergency responders, and foster recovery. The USGS Multi-hazards Demonstration Project (MHDP) (Jones et al, 2007) embarked on describing an earthquake scenario and the GSC Pathways project (Journeay et al. 2007) set out to develop a comprehensive framework for hazard risk characterization and risk-reduction planning. We provide an overview of the two projects, the progress to date, and unique accomplishments. Complementary aspects of the two projects are summarized in Table 1. USGS and GSC collaboration allows the two independent projects to enrich each other: Experience from the MHDP earthquake scenario can be transferred to enhance Pathways natural hazard scenario analyses, while the Pathways comprehensive risk characterization and decision framework demonstrates the broader risk framework for the MHDP. C1 [Wein, A. M.; Bernknopf, R. L.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Wein, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM awein@usgs.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MODELLING & SIMULATION SOC AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND INC PI CHRISTCHURCH PA MSSANZ, CHRISTCHURCH, 00000, NEW ZEALAND BN 978-0-9758400-4-7 PY 2007 BP 1660 EP 1666 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BUQ25 UT WOS:000290030701104 ER PT J AU Wein, AM Journeay, M Bernknopf, RL AF Wein, A. M. Journeay, M. Bernknopf, R. L. BE Oxley, L Kulasiri, D TI Scenario-Based Risk Analysis within an Analytic-Deliberative Framework for Regional Risk Reduction Planning SO MODSIM 2007: INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON MODELLING AND SIMULATION: LAND, WATER AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: INTEGRATED SYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Congress on Modelling and Simulation (MODSIM07) CY DEC 10-13, 2007 CL Christchurch, NEW ZEALAND SP Lincoln Univ, HEMA Consulting Pty Ltd, Modelling and Simulat Soc Australia & New Zealand (MSSANZ), Univ Canterbury, SGI, Lincoln Ventures Ltd, Hoare Res Software Ltd, IMACS, IEMSS, Environm Modelling & Software, IBM DE analytic-deliberative; regional risk; natural hazards; risk reduction planning; scenarios AB The potential benefits of tighter coupling between risk reduction and comprehensive land use planning have been well-documented (Burby 1998). However, community planning that promotes safety and growth is not fully practiced in the United States and Canada (e.g., IBHS, 2007). To improve the integration, the Geological Survey of Canada, with contributions from the United States Geological Survey, is designing "Pathways," an analytic-deliberative framework for regional risk reduction planning. A case study partnership with the municipality of Squamish, British Columbia is enabling ongoing refinement of the framework (Journeay et al. 2007). An analytic-deliberative approach to decision-making is a collaborative process, promoted by the US National Research Council that is decision-driven and accesses scientific information to inform public discourse (Stern and Fineberg, 1996). Deliberators include scientists, public officials and affected parties. Stages of the analytic-deliberative approach for the Pathways risk framework are: 1. Problem formulation, 2. Risk assessment (risk characterization), and 3. Alternate risk reduction strategies, and 4. Policy recommendations (risk reduction planning). The Pathways analytic-deliberative approach includes a suite of analytic tools and deliberative processes. The Pathways risk framework utilizes natural hazard scenarios (defined by hazard type, magnitude and location, settlement pattern, and risk reduction strategy) to communicate economic, social and ecologic elements at risk. Within the framework, we propose a scenario-based risk analysis to accommodate stakeholder risk metrics and decision criteria. Although expected loss is a commonly used risk metric, other measures of risk derived from the distribution of potential outcomes (a "risk curve") may be more appropriate to prioritize and compare mitigation alternatives. Methods to calculate occurrence probabilities of representative scenarios within and across hazard types are needed to construct the risk curves. C1 [Wein, A. M.; Bernknopf, R. L.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Wein, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM awein@usgs.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MODELLING & SIMULATION SOC AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND INC PI CHRISTCHURCH PA MSSANZ, CHRISTCHURCH, 00000, NEW ZEALAND BN 978-0-9758400-4-7 PY 2007 BP 1688 EP + PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BUQ25 UT WOS:000290030701108 ER PT J AU Bernknopf, RL Hearn, PP Wein, AM Strong, D AF Bernknopf, R. L. Hearn, P. P. Wein, A. M. Strong, D. BE Oxley, L Kulasiri, D TI The Effect of Scientific and Socioeconomic Uncertainty on a Natural Hazards Policy Choice SO MODSIM 2007: INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON MODELLING AND SIMULATION: LAND, WATER AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: INTEGRATED SYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Congress on Modelling and Simulation (MODSIM07) CY DEC 10-13, 2007 CL Christchurch, NEW ZEALAND SP Lincoln Univ, HEMA Consulting Pty Ltd, Modelling and Simulat Soc Australia & New Zealand (MSSANZ), Univ Canterbury, SGI, Lincoln Ventures Ltd, Hoare Res Software Ltd, IMACS, IEMSS, Environm Modelling & Software, IBM DE Portfolio; natural hazards; economic model; risk ID SELF-INSURANCE AB Policy decisions regarding the mitigation of natural hazards are made by individuals, businesses, and public agencies. Resources are rarely sufficient to satisfy full protection and tradeoffs are usually necessary. Choices are affected by external policies including subsidies and regulations. Choices affect the vulnerability of particular locations and have consequences for a whole community that include negative and positive effects on property values; legislation such as the Alquist-Priolo Hazard Zonation Program to delineate hazard zones in California can have a negative effect, and subsidized insurance policies such as in the US National Flood Insurance Program can over value properties in a flood plain. The USGS is developing tools for quantitative policy analysis. The Land Use Portfolio Model (LUPM) is a GIS-based modelling, mapping, and risk communication tool designed to assist communities in understanding and reducing natural-hazards vulnerability and in making loss reduction investment decisions. Memphis, Tennessee was chosen as a test site to evaluate the usefulness of the model to local planning authorities, emergency managers, and businesses in evaluating the economic consequences of an earthquake mitigation strategy. Memphis, like many urban areas around the world, is subject to the damaging effects of earthquakes that are unevenly distributed across the region. This paper reports on the application of the LUPM and related studies to evaluate the economic effects of different sources of uncertainty on a policy decision regarding future earthquake hazard mitigation for Memphis, TN. Specifically, we present two examples concerned with implementing policies to increase safety and reduce property loss in the event of a large, damaging earthquake. The analysis recognizes some of the uncertainties inherent in costly hazard mitigation decisions for earthquake triggered liquefaction ground failure. The first policy example describes an investment decision that is based on a prospective analysis of a future development scenario for a mix of commercial and industrial development with an estimated value of $9.6 billion (US). The LUPM is run with and without the implementation of a liquefaction resistant building standard. By varying building mitigation costs and alternative planning horizons, decision makers can assess the effect of these uncertainties on justifying the standard. Under different, yet equally plausible assumptions, implementing the decision can be shown to have both positive and negative returns on investment (ROI = 11.7 to 0.13, where ROI is the ratio of [losses avoided] / [mitigation costs]). The second example considers the effects of an uncertain earthquake epicentre location, correlated ground failures, and valuation methodology on policy choice. In a residential area, it is demonstrated that these uncertainties combined can double the estimate of expected loss exceeded for a given probability and enters a range of unacceptable risk. C1 [Bernknopf, R. L.; Wein, A. M.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Bernknopf, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM rbern@usgs.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU MODELLING & SIMULATION SOC AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND INC PI CHRISTCHURCH PA MSSANZ, CHRISTCHURCH, 00000, NEW ZEALAND BN 978-0-9758400-4-7 PY 2007 BP 1702 EP 1708 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BUQ25 UT WOS:000290030701110 ER PT S AU Hough, SE AF Hough, Susan E. BE Piccardi, L Masse, WB TI Writing on the walls: geological context and early American spiritual beliefs SO Myth and Geology SE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY SPECIAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Myth and Geology Conference held at 32nd International Geological Congress CY AUG, 2004 CL Florence, ITALY ID LONG VALLEY CALDERA; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; EASTERN CALIFORNIA; COSO-RANGE; EARTHQUAKES; VOLCANISM; AREA; ZONE AB Native American culture in many parts of California is preserved in fragmentary oral and conventional written histories, but also in sometimes dramatic petroglyphs and pictographs throughout the state. The symbolism of these images has been interpreted to reflect the natural environment, in particular issues related to rain. Although there is little doubt that rain was of paramount concern to native tribes, I suggest that geological context also played an important role in shaping early spiritual beliefs in general, and petroglyph sites in particular. From the standpoint of Native American philosophies and spiritual beliefs, geological unrest is not merely a reflection but in some cases an actual embodiment of the spiritual world. To understand the significance of petroglyph sites, they must be considered in the context of overall Native American beliefs. In this context, sites of repeated geological unrest would invariably have evolved great spiritual significance. Petroglyph locations and ages may thus provide independent age controls on 'prehistoric' earthquakes in California. C1 US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0305-8719 BN 978-1-86239-216-8 J9 GEOL SOC SPEC PUBL PY 2007 VL 273 BP 107 EP 115 DI 10.1144/GSL.SP.2007.273.01.09 PG 9 WC Archaeology; Geology SC Archaeology; Geology GA BFX41 UT WOS:000245271600009 ER PT J AU Mahan, CG Diefenbach, DR Cass, WB AF Mahan, Carolyn G. Diefenbach, Duane R. Cass, Wendy B. TI Evaluating and revising a long-term monitoring program for vascular plants: Lessons from Shenandoah National Park SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE forest plants; monitoring; national parks; power analysis; vascular plants; vegetation AB Monitoring programs have been established by agencies to assist in the conservation of biological diversity and to assess the impacts of a variety of threats to species and natural systems. However, poorly designed programs may fail to detect changes in the system they were intended to monitor. We evaluated and revised the long-term monitoring program for vascular plants at Shenandoah National Park (SHEN) and used our evaluation and revision to illustrate common problems associated with monitoring programs. Our evaluation of data collected through SHEN's 14-year monitoring program indicated that the design and sampling effort lacked the statistical power to detect changes in stem density of shrubs or saplings, although there was sufficient power to detect changes in tree basal area for some species. The inability of the program to detect changes was due, in part, to the lack of specific management and sampling objectives, stratifying the park according to forest cover types that changed over time, errors associated with misidentification of species, and an inappropriate temporal schedule for visiting sampling plots. Our revised sampling design attempted to correct these deficiencies by using strata that are unlikely to change over time (elevation, bedrock geology, and aspect), streamlining data collection to allow a greater number of sampling plots, and visiting all plots over a 2-year period (interpenetrating sampling) to increase sample size. Long-term monitoring programs should: (1) establish specific, quantifiable, and attainable management and statistical sampling objectives; (2) use permanent characteristics to define strata (e.g., elevation or bedrock geology), if stratification is warranted; and (3) perform a statistical evaluation of the monitoring program once sufficient data have been collected. Prompt evaluation of an implemented monitoring program will allow timely modifications of either sampling objectives or the sample design with minimal delay in collecting meaningful long-term trend information. C1 Penn State Univ, Div Math & Nat Sci, Altoona, PA 16601 USA. Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Shenandoah Natl Pk, Luray, VA 22835 USA. RP Mahan, CG (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Div Math & Nat Sci, 3000 Ivyside Dr, Altoona, PA 16601 USA. EM cgm2@psu.edu NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOCIATION PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD STREET, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 27 IS 1 BP 16 EP 24 DI 10.3375/0885-8608(2007)27[16:EARALM]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 135EX UT WOS:000244138000003 ER PT J AU Carter, J Biagas, J AF Carter, Jacoby Biagas, Janelda TI Prioritizing bottomland hardwood forest sites for protection and augmentation SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Arkansas; bottomland hardwood forest; conservation; GIS; synoptic assessment ID SUCCESSION; LANDSCAPE AB Bottomland hardwood forest has been greatly diminished by conversion to agriculture. Less than 25% of the pre-Columbian bottomland hardwood forests remain in the southeastern United States. Because of the valuable ecological and hydrological functions performed by these forests, their conservation and restoration has been a high priority. Part of these restoration efforts has focused on developing tools that can be used for both assessments at the landscape level and policy implementation at the local level. The distribution of bottomland hardwood forests in the Cache and White River watersheds in eastern Arkansas were examined using existing GIS databases. Criteria were developed to select areas that should be conserved or augmented for wildlife habitat. Over 67% of the study area was classified as agriculture, with bottomland hardwood forest the next largest habitat class. The thickness of a forest fragment was defined as the radius of the largest circle that can be inscribed in a fragment. Thickness was used in three ways. First, individual forest fragments were identified and selected based on ecological function using criteria we established. Second, individual fragments that were too small to support interior species, but large enough that if moderately augmented they could recover that function, were identified and selected. These augmentable fragments were further prioritized by adjacency to habitat that might be suitable for reforestation, namely agriculture. Third, watersheds were prioritized for conservation and augmentation based on the size and distributions of forest fragment thickness and area within each watershed. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Carter, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM jacoby_carter@usgs.gov NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOCIATION PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD STREET, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 27 IS 1 BP 72 EP 82 DI 10.3375/0885-8608(2007)27[72:PBHFSF]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 135EX UT WOS:000244138000009 ER PT J AU Coe, JA Harp, EL AF Coe, J. A. Harp, E. L. TI Influence of tectonic folding on rockfall susceptibility, American Fork Canyon, Utah, USA SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WASATCH MOUNTAINS; INSTABILITY; EXAMPLE; MODEL; BELT AB We examine rockfall susceptibility of folded strata in the Sevier fold-thrust belt exposed in American Fork Canyon in north-central Utah. Large-scale geologic mapping, talus production data, rock-mass-quality measurements, and historical rockfall data indicate that rockfall susceptibility is correlated with limb dip and curvature of the folded, cliff-forming Mississippian limestones. On fold limbs, rockfall susceptibility increases as dip increases. This relation is controlled by several factors, including an increase in adverse dip conditions and apertures of discontinuities, and shearing by flexural slip during folding that has reduced the friction angles of discontinuities by smoothing surface asperities. Susceptibility is greater in fold hinge zones than on adjacent limbs primarily because there are greater numbers of discontinuities in hinge zones. We speculate that susceptibility increases in hinge zones as fold curvature becomes tighter. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Coe, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jcoe@usgs.gov OI Coe, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0842-9608 NR 39 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 1561-8633 J9 NAT HAZARD EARTH SYS JI Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2007 VL 7 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 150JX UT WOS:000245214000001 ER PT J AU Jodun, WA King, K Farrell, P Wayman, W AF Jodun, Wade A. King, Kim Farrell, Pat Wayman, William TI Methanol and egg yolk as cryoprotectants for Atlantic salmon spermatozoa SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID RAINBOW-TROUT; NORTHERN PIKE; CRYOPRESERVATION; SPERM; SEMEN; FERTILIZATION; PRESERVATION; STORAGE; MILT; CAPACITY AB The effects of four extenders on the fertilization rates of eggs fertilized with cryopreserved sperm of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar were tested. We used (1) glucose extender (54.04 g glucose/L and 1.7 g KCl/L) with 5% DMSO, (2) glucose extender with 5% DMSO supplemented with 13.3% egg yolk, (3) glucose extender with 10% methanol, and (4) glucose extender with 10% methanol supplemented with 13.3% egg yolk. Fertilization rates, expressed as the percentage of eyed embryos, ranged from 52.7% to 83.5%. Sperm cryopreserved with the glucose extender and 10% methanol supplemented with 13.3% egg yolk yielded significantly higher fertilization rates (83.5%) than did sperm cryopreserved with the other three extenders. Our fertilization rates compare favorably with those observed for eggs from the same year-class fertilized with fresh milt (81.4%) and reared at the White River National Fish Hatchery. The presence of egg yolk in extenders incorporating 10% methanol provided additional protection to salmonid sperm during the freezing and thawing processes and resulted in an increase in survival from 72.9% to 83.5%. However, the cryoprotective effect of egg yolk may be specific to the individual formulation of extenders. In our trials. glucose and 5% DMSO without egg yolk yielded a 66.9% fertilization rate. while glucose and 5% DMSO supplemented with 13.3% egg yolk produced only 52.7% fertilization after cryopreservation. C1 NE Fishery Ctr, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Warm Springs Fish Technol Ctr, Warm Springs, GA 31830 USA. RP Jodun, WA (reprint author), NE Fishery Ctr, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, POB 75, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. EM wade_jodun@fws.gov NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 69 IS 1 BP 36 EP 40 DI 10.1577/A05-052.1 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 129WD UT WOS:000243759900006 ER PT J AU Liberty, AJ Ostby, BJ Neves, RJ AF Liberty, Aaron J. Ostby, Brett J. Neves, Richard J. TI Determining a suitable substrate size and sampling frequency for rearing juvenile rainbow mussels Villosa iris SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; UNIONIDAE; BIVALVIA; SURVIVAL; SEDIMENT; GROWTH; FOOD AB The effects of sampling frequency and substrate size on the overall size and survival of juvenile rainbow mussels Villosa iris were investigated in 4-L round flow-through tanks. All tanks contained either fine sediment (< 50 mu m), fine limestone sand (500-850 mu m), or coarse limestone sand (1,000-2,500 mu m) and were sampled every 2 weeks or once at the end of the 10-week experiment. Tanks left unsampled for 10 weeks had 12.8% higher survival regardless of substrate treatment. Juveniles in unsampled tanks also had greater shell length than those in sampled tanks. Juveniles cultured in coarse sand had the best survival in the sampled tanks (36.4%), and juveniles reared in fine sand had the best survival in the unsampled tanks (51.9% at 10 weeks). Analyses of gut contents at 10 weeks revealed that juveniles were consuming large amounts of detritus and algal cells 5-10 mu m in size, primarily Coelastrum, Chlorococcum, Chlorella, and Navicula spp. These results show that frequent disturbance of juveniles by sampling may impede physiological functions., resulting in stress and a decrease in overall survival and shell length. It also appears that fine limestone sand (500-800 mu m in size) is the best substrate for juvenile culture purposes in similar rearing systems. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Liberty, AJ (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 100 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM aliberty@vt.edu OI Ostby, Brett/0000-0001-8421-9330 NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 69 IS 1 BP 44 EP 52 DI 10.1577/A05-090.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 129WD UT WOS:000243759900008 ER PT J AU Butler, M Ginsberg, HS LeBrun, RA Gettman, AD Pollnak, F AF Butler, Mari Ginsberg, Howard S. LeBrun, Roger A. Gettman, Alan D. Pollnak, Fred TI Natural communities in catch basins in southern Rhode Island SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID LIFE-CYCLE; MACROCYCLOPS-ALBIDUS; CULEX-PIPIENS; MOSQUITOS; AMBLYOSPORIDAE; MICROSPORIDIA; PREDATION; CRUSTACEA; CULICIDAE; COPEPODA AB Storm-water drainage catch basins are manmade structures that often contain water and organic matter, making them suitable environments for various organisms. We censused organisms inhabiting catch basins in Southern Rhode Island in 2002 in an effort to begin to describe these communities. Catch-basin inhabitants were mostly detritivores, including annelids, arthropods, and mollusks that could withstand low oxygen levels and droughts. Our results suggest that catch-basin inhabitants were mostly washed in with rainwater, and populations increased over the summer season as biotic activity resulted in increased nutrient levels later in the summer. In contrast, mosquitoes and other Diptera larvae were abundant earlier in the summer because the adults actively sought catch basins for oviposition sites. Mosquito larvae were likely to be abundant in catch basins with shallow, stagnant water that had relatively low dissolved oxygen and pH, and relatively high total suspended solids, carbon, and nitrogen. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. Rhode Isl Dept Environm Management, Mosquito Abatement Off, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Butler, M (reprint author), Endicott Coll, 376 Hale St, Beverly, MA 01915 USA. EM mbutler@endicott.edu NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PY 2007 VL 14 IS 2 BP 235 EP 250 DI 10.1656/1092-6194(2007)14[235:NCICBI]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 184GE UT WOS:000247628300006 ER PT J AU Osier, EA Welsh, SA AF Osier, Elizabeth A. Welsh, Stuart A. TI Habitat use of Etheostoma maculatum (Spotted Darter) in Elk River, west Virginia SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID APPALACHIAN STREAMS; MICROHABITAT USE; CAERULEUM; COMMUNITY; PATTERNS; FISHES AB Etheostoma maculatum (Spotted Darter) has a disjunct distribution within the Ohio River drainage. Researchers have generalized Spotted Darter habitat as large rocks in swift riffles. In West Virginia, Spotted Darters are known to occur only in the middle section of the Elk River system. Information on habitat use is lacking. Through direct observation (snorkeling), we examined microhabitat use of Spotted Darters in riffle and glide habitats at three sites in the Elk River. Spotted darters in the Elk River were observed primarily in glide habitats near large rocks and in moderate current velocities. In the Elk River, this species is a benthic-habitat specialist, making it highly vulnerable to habitat alterations such as sedimentation and substrate embeddedness. Given its habitat use and restricted distribution, further ecological studies are needed for conservation and management of the Spotted Darter population in the Elk River. C1 W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Welsh, SA (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, PO Box 6125, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM swelsh@wvu.edu NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PY 2007 VL 14 IS 3 BP 447 EP 460 DI 10.1656/1092-6194(2007)14[447:HUOEMS]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 216VN UT WOS:000249907200011 ER PT J AU Jones, JW Neves, RJ AF Jones, Jess W. Neves, Richard J. TI Freshwater mussel status: Upper North Fork Holston River, Virginia SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB Previous freshwater mussel surveys (1915-1997) at sites in the upper North Fork Holston River watershed upstream of Saltville, VA, documented 21 species. To assess current status of the fauna, approximately 363 survey hours were spent qualitatively sampling 44 sites in a 77-km reach of the upper river between Saltville and Ceres during 2000-2004. Thirteen species of live freshwater mussels were collected. Species richness appears to have declined only slightly over the last 100 years in this reach of river. However, declines in abundance are now evident in a 6.4-km reach immediately upstream of Saltville. A die-off of federally endangered Fusconaia cor (shiny pigtoe) and candidate species Lexingtonia dolabelloides (slabside pearlymussel) was documented in the upper river during 1999-2002, but the cause was not identified. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Jones, JW (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM Jess_Jones@fws.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PY 2007 VL 14 IS 3 BP 471 EP 480 DI 10.1656/1092-6194(2007)14[471:FMSUNF]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 216VN UT WOS:000249907200013 ER PT J AU Himes, AH AF Himes, Amber H. TI Performance indicators in MPA management: Using questionnaires to analyze stakeholder preferences SO OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; HIERARCHY PROCESS AHP; FISHERIES COMANAGEMENT; PERCEPTIONS; PHILIPPINES; RESERVES; ISSUES AB Concerns about marine protected area (MPA) ecological and social effectiveness have led to a growing interest in conducting management evaluations. The variety of stakeholder interests and needs calls into question the typical notion of MPA `success' and suggests that managers need a practical set of techniques to measure performance and evaluate trade-offs. This study explores how success can be analyzed from the compilation of differing stakeholder viewpoints. Qualitative data was collected through interviews with stakeholders to explore the state of an Italian MPA, selection of performance indicators to evaluate the MPA, and whether it can be deemed a success according to those indicators. The results show that stakeholder groups hold significantly different preferences for biological, economic and socio-cultural performance indicators in judging MPA performance. The elicitation of stakeholder preference;, here is an important first step in understanding the criteria through which stakeholders view MPA management. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Portsmouth, CEMARE, Portsmouth P01 3LJ, Hants, England. RP Himes, AH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 6010 Hidden Valley Rd, Carlsbad, CA 92011 USA. EM amber@tuppers.com OI Himes-Cornell, Amber/0000-0003-3695-2241 NR 35 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-5691 J9 OCEAN COAST MANAGE JI Ocean Coastal Manage. PY 2007 VL 50 IS 5-6 BP 329 EP 351 DI 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2006.09.005 PG 23 WC Oceanography; Water Resources SC Oceanography; Water Resources GA 183LD UT WOS:000247573400006 ER PT J AU Wei, ZB Moldowan, JM Zhang, SC Hill, R Jarvie, DM Wang, HT Song, FQ Fago, F AF Wei, Zhibin Moldowan, J. Michael Zhang, Shuichang Hill, Ronald Jarvie, Daniel M. Wang, Huitong Song, Fuqing Fago, Fred TI Diamondoid hydrocarbons as a molecular proxy for thermal maturity and oil cracking: Geochemical models from hydrous pyrolysis SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ION-EXCHANGED CLAYS; ORGANIC-MATTER; SOURCE ROCKS; LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS; LIGHT-HYDROCARBONS; PETROLEUM; BASIN; SEDIMENTS; MINERALS; GENERATION AB A series of isothermal hydrous pyrolysis experiments was performed on immature sedimentary rocks and peats of different lithology and organic source input to explore the generation of diamondoids during the thermal maturation of sediments. Oil generation curves indicate that peak oil yields occur between 340 and 360 degrees C, followed by intense oil cracking in different samples. The biomarker maturity parameters appear to be insensitive to thermal maturation as most of the isomerization ratios of molecular biomarkers in the pyrolysates have reached their equilibrium values. Diamondoids are absent from immature peat extracts, but exist in immature sedimentary rocks in various amounts. This implies that they are not products of biosynthesis and that they may be generated during diagenesis, not just catagenesis and cracking. Most importantly, the concentrations of diamondoids are observed to increase with thermal stress, suggesting that they can be used as a molecular proxy for thermal maturity of source rocks and crude oils. Their abundance is most sensitive to thermal exposure above temperatures of 360-370 degrees C (R-0 = 1.3-1.5%) for the studied samples, which corresponds to the onset of intense cracking of other less stable components. Below these temperatures, diamondoids increase gradually due to competing processes of generation and dilution. Calibrations were developed between their concentrations and measured vitrinite reflectance through hydrous pyrolysis maturation of different types of rocks and peats. The geochemical models obtained from these methods may provide an alterative approach for determining thermal maturity of source rocks and crude oils, particularly in mature to highly mature Paleozoic carbonates. In addition, the extent of oil cracking was quantified using the concentrations of diamondoids in hydrous pyrolysates of rocks and peats, verifying that these hydrocarbons are valuable indicators of oil cracking in nature. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. PetroChina, Res Int Petr Explorat & Dev, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. DIv Humble Instruments & Serv Inc, Humble Geochem Serv, Humble, TX 77347 USA. RP Wei, ZB (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM weizb@stanford.edu NR 46 TC 42 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PY 2007 VL 38 IS 2 BP 227 EP 249 DI 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2006.09.011 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 141SS UT WOS:000244599600005 ER PT J AU Short, JW Kolak, JJ Payne, JR Van Kooten, GK AF Short, Jeffrey W. Kolak, Jonathan J. Payne, James R. Van Kooten, Gerald K. TI An evaluation of petrogenic hydrocarbons in northern Gulf of Alaska continental shelf sediments - The role of coastal oil seep inputs SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; EXXON-VALDEZ-OIL; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SUBTIDAL SEDIMENTS; BENTHIC SEDIMENTS; SURFACE SEDIMENTS; LEAST-SQUARES; BEAUFORT SEA; GEOCHEMISTRY; SPILL AB We compared hydrocarbons in water, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and riparian sediment collected from coastal watersheds along the Yakataga foreland with corresponding hydrocarbons in Gulf of Alaska benthic sediments. This comparison allows an evaluation of hydrocarbon contributions to marine sediments from natural oil seeps, coal and organic matter (e.g., kerogen) associated with eroding siliciclastic rocks. The samples from oil seeps show extensive loss of low-molecular weight n-alkanes (< n-C-14) and the presence of large, bimodal unresolved complex mixtures (UCMs), in contrast to the hydrocarbon fingerprints on the SPM and riparian sediment samples collected upstream from the oil seeps. After entering the fluvial systems, hydrocarbons from seep oils are rapidly diluted, and associate with the SPM phase as oil-mineral-aggregates (OMA). Johnston Creek, the watershed containing the most prolific seep, conveys detectable seep-derived hydrocarbons to the Gulf of Alaska, but overall seep inputs are largely attenuated by the (non-seep) petrogenic hydrocarbon content of the high SPM loads. In contrast to the geochemical signature of seep oil, Gulf of Alaska benthic sediments are characterized by abundant alkylated naphthalene homologues, relatively smooth n-alkane envelopes (n-C-9 through n-C-34, but with elevated levels of n-C-27, n-C-29, and n-C-31), and small UCMs. Further, hydrocarbons in benthic sediments are highly intercor-related. Taken together, these characteristics indicate that seep oil is a negligible petrogenic hydrocarbon source to the Gulf of Alaska continental shelf. Coaly material separated from the benthic sediment samples using a dense liquid (similar to 2.00 g cm(-3)) also accounted for a minor portion of the total PAH (1-6%) and total n-alkanes (0.4-2%) in the benthic samples. Most of the hydrocarbon burden in the sediments is found in the denser sediment fraction and likely derives from organic matter contributed by denudation of siliciclastic formations in the Yakutat terrane. We therefore conclude that previous investigations relying on source allocation models have considerably overestimated oil seeps as a hydrocarbon source to the Gulf of Alaska. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Payne Environm Consultants Inc, Encinitas, CA 92024 USA. Calvin Coll, Dept Geol Geog & Environm Studies, Grand Rapids, MI 49546 USA. RP Short, JW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Lab, 11305 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM Jeff.Short@noaa.gov OI Kolak, Jonathan/0000-0003-2981-9522 NR 51 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PY 2007 VL 38 IS 4 BP 643 EP 670 DI 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2006.12.005 PG 28 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 165OS UT WOS:000246315400007 ER PT J AU Wei, ZB Moldowan, JM Peters, KE Wang, Y Xiang, W AF Wei, Zhibin Moldowan, J. Michael Peters, Kenneth E. Wang, Ye Xiang, Willie TI The abundance and distribution of diamondoids in biodegraded oils from the San Joaquin Valley: Implications for biodegradation of diamondoids in petroleum reservoirs SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL STEREODIFFERENTIATING REDUCTION; HOMOTOPIC CARBONYL GROUPS; CRUDE OILS; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; THERMAL MATURITY; BARROW SUBBASIN; HYDROCARBONS; HOPANES; 25-NORHOPANES; GEOCHEMISTRY AB The biodegradability of diamondoids was investigated using a collection of crude oil samples from the San Joaquin Valley, California, that had been biodegraded to varying extent in the reservoir. Our results show that diamondoids are subjected to biodegradation, which is selective as well as stepwise. Adamantanes are generally more susceptible to biodegradation than other diamondoids, such as diamantanes and triamantanes. We report a possible pathway for the microbial degradation of adamantane. This cage hydrocarbon possibly breaks down to a metabolic intermediate through the action of microbes at higher levels of biodegradation in petroleum reservoirs. Microbial alteration has only a minor effect on diamondoid abundance in oil at low levels of biodegradation. Our results suggest that most diamondoids (with the exception of adamantane) are resistant to biodegradation, like the polycyclic terpanes (e.g. C-19-C-24 tricyclic terpanes, hopanes, gammacerane, oleananes, Ts, Tm, C-29 Ts), steranes and diasteranes. Microbial alteration of diamondoids has a negligible impact on the quantification of oil cracking achieved using the diamondoid-biomarker method. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. RP Wei, ZB (reprint author), ExxonMobil Upstream Res Co, 3120 Buffalo Speedway, Houston, TX 77025 USA. EM zhibin.wei@exxonmobil.com NR 41 TC 23 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PY 2007 VL 38 IS 11 BP 1910 EP 1926 DI 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2007.07.009 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 238KM UT WOS:000251446500009 ER PT J AU Foster, MS AF Foster, Mercedes S. TI Winter behavior and ecology of the Alder Flycatcher (Empidonax alnorum) in Peru SO ORNITOLOGIA NEOTROPICAL LA English DT Article DE aerial hawking; Alder Flycatcher; Empidonax alnorum; nearctic migrant; Peru; winter territory ID NORTH-AMERICAN BIRDS; TRAILLII; SONG AB The winter ecology and behavior of Alder Flycatchers (Eznpidonax alnorum) were studied along the Manu, a white-water meander river in Manu National Park, Madre de Dios, Peru during October and November, 1993 to 1997. The birds occupied territories in primary-succession habitats on growing point bars. They were most common in mixed stands of Tessaria integrifolia (Asteraceae) and Gynerium sagittatum (Gramineaceae) interspersed with bare sand areas. The uneven height of the Tessaria canopy, which resulted in openings in the vegetation large enough for the birds to flycatch, was an important habitat feature. Birds obtained insects, which formed about 96% of the diet, by aerial hawking (91%), perch gleaning (6%), and hover gleaning (3%). They also fed on fruit. Territory sizes ranged from 0.04 to 0.25 ha. Of nine territories that we observed. closely, six were occupied by two birds each, two by one bird each, and one by three birds. Every territory had one dominant individual who was primarily responsible for territory defense; the other birds were associates. Vocalizations given included the fee-bee-o song, a two-syllable song, and the pit note, which are also given on the breeding grounds. A series of pits given increasingly rapidly signaled a territorial interaction. In aggressive encounters, the birds (1) interacted vocally, remaining on their territories and counter calling or exchanging agitated calls; (2) moved toward a common territorial boundary and engaged in a vocal duel; or (3) the dominant chased intruders out of the territory Chases were most common when a wave of new birds entered the area. Dominant birds, which sang the full song, were probably adult males. Immature males do not sing a full song, and females are not known to sing in nature. Associate individuals were likely females or young males. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Foster, MS (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM fosterm@si.edu NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU NEOTROPICAL ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY, USGS PATUXENT WILDLIFE RESEARCH CENTER PI ATHENS PA UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA, WARNELL SCHOOL OF FOREST RESOURCES, ATHENS, GA USA SN 1075-4377 J9 ORNITOL NEOTROP JI ORNITOL. NEOTROP. PY 2007 VL 18 IS 2 BP 171 EP 186 PG 16 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 179WV UT WOS:000247322000002 ER PT J AU Hien, BM Jenks, JA Klaver, RW Wicks, ZW AF Hien, Bernard M. Jenks, Jonathan A. Klaver, Robert W. Wicks, Zeno W., III TI Determinants of elephant distribution at Nazinga Game Ranch, Burkina Faso SO PACHYDERM LA English DT Article DE environmental and anthropogenic factors ID NATIONAL-PARK; KENYA AB We used seasonal ground total counts and remote sensing and GIS technology to relate elephant (Loxodonta africana africana) distribution at Nazinga Game Ranch to environmental and anthropogenic factors. Variables used in analyses were normalized difference vegetation index, elevation, stream density, density of poaching and human illegal activities, distance to dams, distance to rivers, distance to roads, and distance to poaching risk. Contrary to our expectation, road traffic did not disturb elephants. Strong negative relationships were documented between elephant abundance and stream density, distance to dams, and poaching density. Density of poaching and other human illegal activities explained 81%, vegetation greenness 6%, and stream density 3% of the variation in elephant density. Elephant distribution represented a survival strategy affected by poaching, food quality and abundance, and water availability. C1 [Hien, Bernard M.; Jenks, Jonathan A.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Klaver, Robert W.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Wicks, Zeno W., III] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Hien, BM (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM hienbernard@yahoo.fr RI Jenks, Jonathan/B-7321-2009 FU Global Environment Facility (GEF) FX Data used in this study were collected as part of the activities implemented by the Biodiversity Optimization Project at Nazinga Game Ranch. The project was funded by the Global Environment Facility (GEF) through the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). This project also was part of a Master of Science programme completed in 2005 by the corresponding author in the Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, South Dakota State University, USA, under the auspices of the Fulbright Program (Institute of International Education). Many thanks to the foresters and rangers at Nazinga who helped conduct the survey, to Ron Smith of EROS, who helped acquire images, to David Terrall, who reviewed the first manuscript. We appreciate comments made by two reviewers on previous drafts, which helped raised the quality of this paper. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IUCN-SSC ASIAN ELEPHANT SPECIALIST GROUP PI RAJAGIRIYA PA C/O JAYANTHA JAYEWARDENE, BIODIVERSITY & ELEPHANT CONSERVATION TRUST, RAJAGIRIYA GARDENS, NAWALA RD, RAJAGIRIYA, 615-32, SRI LANKA SN 1026-2881 J9 PACHYDERM JI Pachyderm PD JAN-JUN PY 2007 IS 42 BP 70 EP 80 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Zoology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Zoology GA V93JX UT WOS:000206312500009 ER PT S AU Bartkow, ME Orazio, CE Gouin, T Huckins, JN Muller, JF AF Bartkow, Michael E. Orazio, Carl E. Gouin, Todd Huckins, James N. Mueller, Jochen F. BE Greenwood, R Mills, G Vrana, B TI Towards quantitative monitoring of semivolatile organic compounds using passive air samplers SO PASSIVE SAMPLING TECHNIQUES IN ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, VOL 48 SE Wilson and Wilsons Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SEMIPERMEABLE-MEMBRANE DEVICES; PERFORMANCE REFERENCE COMPOUNDS; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; UPTAKE KINETICS; PINE NEEDLES; POLLUTANTS; SPMDS; PAHS; CALIBRATION C1 [Bartkow, Michael E.] Univ Queensland, Natl Res Ctr Environm Toxicol ENTOX, Coopers Plains, Qld 4108, Australia. [Gouin, Todd] Univ Toronto Scarborough, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada. [Huckins, James N.] USGS Columbia Environm Res Ctr CERC, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Mueller, Jochen F.] Univ Queensland, Natl Res Ctr Environm Toxicol, Coopers Plains, Qld 4108, Australia. [Orazio, Carl E.] US Geol Survey, CERC, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Bartkow, ME (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Natl Res Ctr Environm Toxicol ENTOX, Coopers Plains, Qld 4108, Australia. OI Mueller, Jochen/0000-0002-0000-1973 NR 35 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-526X BN 978-0-08-048950-6 J9 COMP ANAL C PY 2007 VL 48 BP 125 EP 137 DI 10.1016/S0166-526X(06)48006-5 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCT71 UT WOS:000311377100009 ER PT S AU Booij, K Vrana, B Huckins, JN AF Booij, Kees Vrana, Branislav Huckins, James N. BE Greenwood, R Mills, G Vrana, B TI Theory, modelling and calibration of passive samplers used in water monitoring SO PASSIVE SAMPLING TECHNIQUES IN ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, VOL 48 SE Wilson and Wilsons Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SEMIPERMEABLE-MEMBRANE DEVICES; SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; UPTAKE KINETICS; IN-SITU; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; POLYETHYLENE MEMBRANES; HYDROPHOBIC COMPOUNDS C1 [Booij, Kees] Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Netherlands. [Huckins, James N.] USGS Columbia Environm Res Ctr CERC, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Vrana, Branislav] Univ Portsmouth, Sch Biol Sci, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, Hants, England. RP Booij, K (reprint author), Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, POB 59, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Netherlands. RI Booij, Kees/K-5413-2015 OI Booij, Kees/0000-0002-3962-3155 NR 69 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-526X BN 978-0-08-048950-6 J9 COMP ANAL C PY 2007 VL 48 BP 141 EP 169 DI 10.1016/S0166-526X(06)48007-7 PG 29 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCT71 UT WOS:000311377100010 ER PT S AU Alvarez, DA Huckins, JN Petty, JD Jones-Lepp, T Stuer-Lauridsen, F Getting, DT Goddard, JP Gravell, A AF Alvarez, David A. Huckins, James N. Petty, Jimmie D. Jones-Lepp, Tammy Stuer-Lauridsen, Frank Getting, Dominic T. Goddard, Jon P. Gravell, Anthony BE Greenwood, R Mills, G Vrana, B TI Tool for monitoring hydrophilic contaminants in water: polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) SO PASSIVE SAMPLING TECHNIQUES IN ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, VOL 48 SE Wilson and Wilsons Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; TREATMENT PLANTS; IN-SITU; ENVIRONMENT; EFFLUENTS; PHARMACEUTICALS; TOXICITY; FATE C1 [Alvarez, David A.; Petty, Jimmie D.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Huckins, James N.] USGS Columbia Environm Res Ctr CERC, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Jones-Lepp, Tammy] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Stuer-Lauridsen, Frank] DH Water & Environm I, DK-2970 Horsholm, Denmark. [Getting, Dominic T.; Goddard, Jon P.] Environm Agcy, Camberley GU16 7SQ, Surrey, England. RP Alvarez, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. NR 30 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-526X BN 978-0-08-048950-6 J9 COMP ANAL C PY 2007 VL 48 BP 171 EP 197 DI 10.1016/S0166-526X(06)48008-9 PG 27 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCT71 UT WOS:000311377100011 ER PT S AU Vroblesky, DA AF Vroblesky, Don A. BE Greenwood, R Mills, G Vrana, B TI Passive diffusion samplers to monitor volatile organic compounds in groundwater SO PASSIVE SAMPLING TECHNIQUES IN ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, VOL 48 SE Wilson and Wilsons Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FRACTURED-ROCK AQUIFER; EQUILIBRATION TIMES; MULTILAYER SAMPLER; SURFACE-WATER; DISCHARGE; WELLS; POLYETHYLENE; ZONES; TABLE; FLOW C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC USA. RP Vroblesky, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 720 Gracern Rd,Suite 129, Columbia, SC USA. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-526X BN 978-0-08-048950-6 J9 COMP ANAL C PY 2007 VL 48 BP 295 EP 309 DI 10.1016/S0166-526X(06)48013-2 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCT71 UT WOS:000311377100016 ER PT S AU Stevens, CH Stone, P AF Stevens, Calvin H. Stone, Paul BA Stevens, CH Stone, P BF Stevens, CH Stone, P TI The Pennsylvanian-Early Permian Bird Spring Carbonate Shelf, Southeastern California: Fusulinid Biostratigraphy, Paleogeographic Evolution, and Tectonic Implications SO PENNSYLVANIAN-EARLY PERMIAN BIRD SPRING CARBONATE SHELF, SOUTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA: FUSULINID BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, PALEOGEOGRAPHIC EVOLUTION, AND TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Late Paleozoic; biostratigraphy; paleogeography; southwestern USA; tectonics ID PALEOZOIC CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; EAST-CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; MOJAVE-DESERT; SODA MOUNTAINS; NEVADA; GEOLOGY; BASIN; MAGNITUDE; SEQUENCE; ARIZONA AB The Bird Spring Shelf in southeastern California, along with coeval turbidite basins to the west, records a complex history of late Paleozoic sedimentation, sea-level changes, and deformation along the western North American continental margin. We herein establish detailed correlations between deposits of the shelf and the flanking basins, which we then use to reconstruct the depositional history, paleogeography, and deformational history, including Early Permian emplacement of the regionally significant Last Chance allochthon. These correlations are based on fusulinid faunas, which are numerous both on the shelf and in the adjoining basins. Study of 69 fusulinid species representing all major fusulinid-bearing Pennsylvanian and Lower Permian limestone outcrops of the Bird Spring Shelf in southeastern California, including ten new species of the genera Triticites, Leptotriticites, Stewartina, Pseudochusenella, and Cuniculinella, forms the basis for our correlations. We group these species into six fusulinid zones that we correlate with fusulinid-bearing strata in east-central and southern Nevada, Kansas, and West Texas, and we propose some regional correlations not previously suggested. In addition, we utilize recent conodont data from these areas to correlate our Early Permian fusulinid zones with the standard Global Permian Stages, strengthening their chronostratigraphic value. Our detailed correlations between the fusulinid-bearing rocks of the Bird Spring Shelf and deep-water deposits to the northwest reveal relationships between the history of shelf sedimentation and evolution of basins closer to the continental margin. In Virgilian to early Asselian ( early Wolfcampian) time (Fusulinid Zones 1 and 2), the Bird Spring Shelf was flanked on the west by the deep-water Keeler Basin in which calcareous turbidites derived from the shelf were deposited. In early Sakmarian (early middle Wolfcampian) time ( Fusulinid Zone 3), the Keeler Basin deposits were uplifted and transported eastward on the Last Chance thrust. By middle Sakmarian (middle middle Wolfcampian) time ( within Fusulinid Zone 4), emplacement of the Last Chance allochthon was complete, and subsidence caused by thrust loading had resulted in development of a new turbidite basin ( Darwin Basin) along the former western part of the Bird Spring Shelf. At the same time, farther east into the craton, paralic facies began prograding westward, so that the youngest fusulinid-bearing limestones on the shelf in this area become progressively younger to the west. Eventually, in Artinskian to Kungurian ( late Wolfcampian to Leonardian) time ( Fusulinid Zones 5 and 6), deposition of fusulinid-bearing limestone on the shelf was restricted to a marginal belt between the prograding paralic facies to the east and the Darwin Basin to the west. Development of the Keeler Basin in Pennsylvanian to earliest Permian time was approximately coeval with collision between South America-Africa (Gondwana) and North America (Laurentia) on the Ouachita-Marathon orogenic belt. This basin developed inboard of a northwest-trending, sinistral fault zone that truncated the continental margin. Later, in the Early Permian, the Last Chance allochthon, which was part of a northeast-trending belt of deformation that extended into northeastern Nevada, was emplaced. This orogenic belt probably was driven by convergence at the continental margin to the northwest. This work adds significant detail to existing interpretations of the late Paleozoic as a time of major tectonic instability on the continental margin of southeastern California as it changed from a relatively passive margin that had characterized most of the Paleozoic to an active convergent margin that would characterize the Mesozoic. C1 [Stevens, Calvin H.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Geol, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Stone, Paul] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Stevens, CH (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, Dept Geol, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. EM stevens@geosun.sjsu.edu; pastone@usgs.gov; stevens@geosun.sjsu.edu; pastone@usgs.gov NR 107 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2429-4 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2007 VL 429 BP 1 EP 82 DI 10.1130/2007.2429 D2 10.1130/978-0-8137-2429-4 PG 82 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology; Paleontology GA BLY03 UT WOS:000271373500001 ER PT J AU French, HM Demitroff, M Forman, SL Newell, WL AF French, Hugh M. Demitroff, Mark Forman, Steven L. Newell, Wayne L. TI A chronology of Late-Pleistocene permafrost events in southern New Jersey, eastern USA SO PERMAFROST AND PERIGLACIAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE Pleistocene; permafrost; landscape modification; southern New Jersey; USA ID WESTERN ARCTIC COAST; BARRENS LATITUDE 39-DEGREES-N; ICE-WEDGE CRACKING; UNITED-STATES; PINE-BARRENS; LONG-TERM; CRYOSTRATIGRAPHIC OBSERVATIONS; TUKTOYAKTUK COASTLANDS; YUKON-TERRITORY; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB Frost fissures, filled with wind-abraded sand and mineral soil, and numerous small-scale non-diastrophic deformations, occur in the near-surface sediments of the Pine Barrens of southern New Jersey. The fissures are the result of thermal-contraction cracking and indicate the previous existence of either permafrost or seasonally-frozen ground. The deformations reflect thermokarst activity that occurred when permafrost degraded, icy layers melted and density-controlled mass displacements occurred in water-saturated sediments. Slopes and surficial materials of the area reflect these cold-climate conditions. Optically-stimulated luminescence permits construction of a tentative Late-Pleistocene permafrost chronology. This indicates Illinoian, Early-Wisconsinan and Late-Wisconsinan episodes of permafrost and/or deep seasonal frost and a Middle-Wisconsinan thermokarst event. Copyright (C) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. Univ Ottawa, Dept Earth Sci, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. Univ Delaware, Dept Geog, Ctr Climat Res, Newark, DE USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. US Geol Survey, Eastern Earth Surfaces Proc Team, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP French, HM (reprint author), 10945 Marti Lane, N Saanich, BC V8L 5S5, Canada. EM hmfrench@shaw.ca NR 70 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1045-6740 J9 PERMAFROST PERIGLAC JI Permafrost Periglacial Process. PD JAN-MAR PY 2007 VL 18 IS 1 BP 49 EP 59 DI 10.1002/ppp.572 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geology SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 146BW UT WOS:000244910500005 ER PT B AU Kirby, SH AF Kirby, S. H. BE Kuhs, WF TI Experimental geoscience in a freezer: Ice and icy compounds as useful educational analogues for teaching earth and planetary materials science and the physical sciences SO PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF ICE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Physics and Chemistry of Ice CY JUL 23-28, 2006 CL Bremerhaven, GERMANY SP Univ Gottingen, Alfred Wegener Inst ID INFRARED MAPPING SPECTROMETER; EUROPAS SURFACE; SALTS; ORIGIN C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kirby, SH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-85404-350-7 PY 2007 BP 289 EP 303 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA BGM16 UT WOS:000248298700031 ER PT B AU McCarthy, C Rieck, KD Kirby, SH Durham, WB Stern, LA Cooper, RF AF McCarthy, C. Rieck, K. D. Kirby, S. H. Durham, W. B. Stern, L. A. Cooper, R. F. BE Kuhs, WF TI Crystal growth of ice-I/hydrate eutectic binary solutions SO Physics and Chemistry of Ice LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Physics and Chemistry of Ice CY JUL 23-28, 2006 CL Bremerhaven, GERMANY SP Univ Gottingen, Alfred-Wegener-Inst ID INFRARED MAPPING SPECTROMETER; EUROPAS SURFACE; SALTS C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP McCarthy, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-85404-350-7 PY 2007 BP 391 EP 398 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA BGM16 UT WOS:000248298700042 ER PT J AU Zhou, GY Guan, LL Wei, XH Zhang, DQ Zhang, QM Yan, JH Wen, DZ Liu, JX Liu, SG Huang, ZL Kong, GH Mo, JM Yu, QF AF Zhou, Guoyi Guan, Lili Wei, Xiaohua Zhang, Deqiang Zhang, Qianmei Yan, Junhua Wen, Dazhi Liu, Juxiu Liu, Shuguang Huang, Zhongliang Kong, Guohui Mo, Jiangming Yu, Qingfa TI Litterfall production along successional and altitudinal gradients of subtropical monsoon evergreen broadleaved forests in Guangdong, China SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dinghushan natural reserve; litterfall production; litterfall components; forest succession; altitudinal gradient ID DECOMPOSITION RATES; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SITKA-SPRUCE; CLIMATE; FLUXES; STANDS; QUALITY; CANADA; INPUTS AB Evaluation of litterfall production is important for understanding nutrient cycling, forest growth, successional pathways, and interactions with environmental variables in forest ecosystems. Litterfall was intensively studied during the period of 1982-2001 in two subtropical monsoon vegetation gradients in the Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve, Guangdong Province, China. The two gradients include: (1) a successional gradient composed of pine forest (PF), mixed pine and broadleaved forest (MF) and monsoon evergreen broadleaved forest (BF), and (2) an altitudinal gradient composed of Baiyunci ravine rain forest (BRF), Qingyunci ravine rain forest (QRF), BF and mountainous evergreen broadleaved forest (MMF). Mean annual litterfall production was 356, 861 and 849 g m(-2) for PF, MF and BF of the successional gradient, and 1016, 1061, 849 and 489 g m(-2) for BRF, QRF, BF and MMF of the altitudinal gradient, respectively. As expected, mean annual litterfall of the pioneer forest PF was the lowest, but rapidly increased over the observation period while those in other forests were relatively stable, confirming that forest litterfall production is closely related to successional stages and growth patterns. Leaf proportions of total litterfall in PF, MF, BF, BRF, QRF and MMF were 76.4%, 68.4%, 56.8%, 55.7%, 57.6% and 69.2%, respectively, which were consistent with the results from studies in other evergreen broadleaved forests. Our analysis on litterfall monthly distributions indicated that litterfall production was much higher during the period of April to September compared to other months for all studied forest types. Although there were significant impacts of some climate variables (maximum and effective temperatures) on litterfall production in some of the studied forests, the mechanisms of how climate factors (temperature and rainfall) interactively affect litterfall await further study. C1 Univ British Columbia Okanagan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada. Chinese Acad Sci, S China Inst Bot, Guangzhou 510650, Peoples R China. US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Wei, XH (reprint author), Univ British Columbia Okanagan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 3333 Univ Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada. EM adam.wei@ubc.ca RI Zhou, Guoyi /B-4544-2009; Liu, Juxiu/B-3400-2009 NR 39 TC 38 Z9 55 U1 7 U2 43 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 188 IS 1 BP 77 EP 89 DI 10.1007/s11258-006-9149-9 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 116VI UT WOS:000242831200007 ER PT S AU Stuart, WD Foulger, GR Barall, M AF Stuart, William D. Foulger, Gillian R. Barall, Michael BE Foulger, GR Jurdy, DM TI Propagation of the Hawaiian-Emperor volcano chain by Pacific plate cooling stress SO PLATES, PLUMES AND PLANETARY PROCESSES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Pacific plate; Hawaiian-Emperor; thermoelastic ID HEAT-FLOW; HOTSPOT VOLCANISM; MANTLE; LITHOSPHERE; MOTIONS; ORIGIN; SWELL; FIELD; SEAMOUNTS; PLUMES AB The lithosphere crack model, the main alternative to the mantle plume model for age-progressive magma emplacement along the Hawaiian-Emperor volcano chain, requires the maximum horizontal tensile stress to be normal to the volcano chain. However, published stress fields calculated from Pacific lithosphere tractions and body forces (e. g., subduction pull, basal drag, lithosphere density) are not optimal for southeast propagation of a stress-free, vertical tensile crack coincident with the Hawaiian segment of the Hawaiian-Emperor chain. Here we calculate the thermoelastic stress rate for present-day cooling of the Pacific plate using a spherical shell finite element representation of the plate geometry. We use observed seafloor isochrons and a standard model for lithosphere cooling to specify the time dependence of vertical temperature profiles. The calculated stress rate multiplied by a time increment (e.g., 1 m.y.) then gives a thermoelastic stress increment for the evolving Pacific plate. Near the Hawaiian chain position, the calculated stress increment in the lower part of the shell is tensional, with maximum tension normal to the chain direction. Near the projection of the chain trend to the southeast beyond Hawaii, the stress increment is compressive. This incremental stress field has the form necessary to maintain and propagate a tensile crack or similar lithosphere flaw and is thus consistent with the crack model for the Hawaiian volcano chain. C1 [Stuart, William D.; Barall, Michael] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Foulger, Gillian R.] Univ Durham, Dept Earth Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP Stuart, WD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM stuart@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2430-0 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2007 VL 430 BP 497 EP 504 DI 10.1130/2007.2430(24) PG 8 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BMA58 UT WOS:000271667800043 ER PT J AU Hristov, AN Zaman, S Vander Pol, V Ndegwa, P Silva, S Kendall, C AF Hristov, A. N. Zaman, S. Vander Pol, M. Ndegwa, P. Silva, S. Kendall, C. TI Nitrogen losses from dairy manure estimated through nitrogen mass balance or using markers SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE dairy cow; manure; nitrogen losses C1 [Hristov, A. N.; Zaman, S.; Vander Pol, M.] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Ndegwa, P.; Kendall, C.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Silva, S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2007 VL 86 SU 1 BP 162 EP 162 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 213UM UT WOS:000249692600503 ER PT J AU Mahan, SA Brown, DJ AF Mahan, Shannon A. Brown, David J. TI An optical age chronology of late Quaternary extreme fluvial events recorded in Ugandan dambo soils SO QUATERNARY GEOCHRONOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Luminescence and Electron Spin Resonance Dating CY JUL 24-29, 2005 CL Kardinal Schulte Haus, Cologne, GERMANY HO Kardinal Schulte Haus DE central Africa; south Africa; OSL; dambo sedimentation ID FELDSPAR COARSE GRAINS; LAKE VICTORIA; UNITED-STATES; LUMINESCENCE; DEPOSITION; AFRICA; LOESS; TL; LANDSCAPE; EVOLUTION AB There is little geochonological data on sedimentation in dambos (seasonally saturated, channel-less valley floors) found throughout Central and Southern Africa. Radiocarbon dating is problematic for dambos due to (i) oxidation of organic materials during dry seasons; and (ii) the potential for contemporary biological contamination of near-surface sediments. However, for luminescence dating the equatorial site and semi-arid climate facilitate grain bleaching, while the gentle terrain ensures shallow water columns, low turbidity, and relatively long surface exposures for transported grains prior to deposition and burial. For this study, we focused on dating sandy strata (indicative of high-energy fluvial events) at various positions and depths within a second-order dambo in central Uganda. Bluelight quartz optically stimulated luminescences (OSL) ages were compared with infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) and thermoluminescence (TL) ages from finer grains in the same sample. A total of 8 samples were dated, with 6 intervals obtained at similar to 35, 33, 16, 10.4, 8.4, and 5.9 ka. In general, luminescence ages were stratigraphically, geomorphically and ordinally consistent and most bluelight OSL ages could be correlated with well-dated climatic events registered either in Greenland ice cores or Lake Victoria sediments. Based upon OSL age correlations, we theorize that extreme fluvial dambo events occur primarily during relatively wet periods, often preceding humid-to-arid transitions. The optical ages reported in this study provide the first detailed chronology of dambo sedimentation, and we anticipate that further dambo work could provide a wealth of information on the paleohydrology of Central and Southern Africa. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Mahan, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046 MS 974, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM smahan@usgs.gov RI Brown, David/A-2002-2009; OI Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774 NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1871-1014 J9 QUAT GEOCHRONOL JI Quat. Geochronol. PY 2007 VL 2 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 174 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.quageo.2006.04.015 PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 178GU UT WOS:000247210000030 ER PT J AU Leopold, EB Liu, GW Love, JD Love, DW AF Leopold, Estella B. Liu, Gengwu Love, J. David Love, David W. TI Plio-Pleistocene climatic transition and the lifting of the Teton Range, Wyoming SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Plio-Pleistoccne transition; Pliocene pollen; climate shift; Teton Range; shooting iron formation; mountain uplift ID SNAKE-RIVER PLAIN; VOLCANIC FIELD; POLLEN; USA; ENVIRONMENTS; PATTERNS; PLIOCENE; REGION AB Fine-grained lacustrine, riverine and ash-fall sediments of the Shooting Iron Formation, whose late Pliocene age is established by Blancan gastropods and vertebrates, yield a pollen flora that is essentially similar in composition to the modern pollen rain in the Jackson Hole area. The Pliocene assemblage suggests a climate like that of the Jackson valley and foothills today. These spectra also resemble a Pliocene pollen flora from Yellowstone Park dated at similar to 2.02 Ma. However, the underlying Miocene Teewinot sediments differ by containing pollen of four exotic deciduous hardwoods (Tertiary relicts) that Suggest a summer-moist climate, unlike that of today. The Shooting Iron sediments lie with an angular unconformity on and above the Miocene lake sediments of the Teewinot Formation. Both of these deposits probably preceded the main uplift of the Teton Range based on the absence of Precambrian clasts in the Tertiary valley deposits. Because the Pliocene floras were modern in aspect, a Plio-Pleistocene transition Would be floristically imperceptible here. The sequence denotes a protracted period of relative stability of climate during Teewinot time, and a shift in vegetational state (summer-wet trees drop out) sometime between the latest Miocene and latest Pliocene. The Pliocene spectra Suggest a dry, cooler climate toward the end of Shooting Iron time. (c) 2006 University of Washington. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Quaternary Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Geol & Palaeontol, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. US Geol Survey, Laramie, WY USA. New Mexico Bur Mines & Mineral Resources, Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Leopold, EB (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Quaternary Res Ctr, Box 351310, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM cleopold@u.washington.edu NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 48 U2 78 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 67 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2006.10.006 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 131TV UT WOS:000243893800001 ER PT J AU Dean, WE AF Dean, Walter E. TI Sediment geochemical records of productivity and oxygen depletion along the margin of western North America during the past 60,000 years: teleconnections with Greenland Ice and the Cariaco Basin SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; SANTA-BARBARA BASIN; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE; ORGANIC-MATTER PRODUCTION; RAPID CLIMATE-CHANGE; 42 DEGREES N; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; LAST DEGLACIATION; PACIFIC-OCEAN AB Many sediment records from the margins of the Californias (Alta and Baja) collected in water depths between 60 and 1200m contain anoxic intervals (laminated sediments) that can be correlated with interstadial intervals as defined by the oxygen-isotope composition of Greenland ice (Dansgaard-Oeschger, D-O, cycles). These intervals include all or parts of Oxygen Isotope Stage 3 (OIS3; 60-24 cal ka), the Bolling/Allerod warm interval (B/A; 15-13 cal ka), and the Holocene. This study uses organic carbon (Corg) and trace-element proxies for anoxia and productivity, namely elevated concentrations and accumulation rates of molybdenum and cadmium, in these laminated sediments to suggest that productivity may be more important than ventilation in producing changes in bottom-water oxygen (BWO) conditions on open, highly productive continental margins. The main conclusion from these proxies is that during the last glacial interval (LGI; 24-15 cal ka) and the Younger Dryas cold interval (YD; 13-11.6 cal ka) productivity was lower and BWO levels were higher than during OIS3, the B/A, and the Holocene on all margins of the Californias. The Corg and trace-element profiles in the LGI-B/A-Holocene transition in the Cariaco Basin on the margin of northern Venezuela are remarkably similar to those in the transition on the northern California margin. Correlation between D-O cycles in Greenland ice with gray-scale measurements in varved sediments in the Cariaco Basin also is well established. Synchronous climate-driven changes as recorded in the sediments on the margins of the Californias, sediments from the Cariaco Basin, and in the GISP-2 Greenland ice core support the hypothesis that changes in atmospheric dynamics played a major role in abrupt climate change during the last 60 ka. Millennial-scale cycles in productivity and oxygen depletion on the margins of the Californias demonstrate that the California Current System was poised at a threshold whereby perturbations of atmospheric circulation produced rapid changes in circulation in the eastern North Pacific Ocean. It is likely that the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans were linked through the atmosphere. Warmer air temperatures during interstadials would have strengthened Hadley and Walker circulations, which, in turn, would have strengthened the subtropical high pressure systems in both the North Pacific and the North Atlantic, producing increased rainfall over the Cariaco Basin and increased upwelling along the margins of the Californias. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Dean, WE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS980, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM dean@usgs.gov NR 97 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 1-2 BP 98 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.08.006 PG 17 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 133PM UT WOS:000244024800007 ER PT J AU Anderson, L Abbott, MB Finney, BP Burns, SJ AF Anderson, Lesleigh Abbott, Mark B. Finney, Bruce P. Burns, Stephen J. TI Late Holocene moisture balance variability in the southwest Yukon territory, Canada SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID TREE-LINE VARIATIONS; NORTH PACIFIC COAST; WHITE RIVER VALLEY; LACUSTRINE CARBONATES; ISOTOPE RECORDS; LAKE-SEDIMENTS; SKOLAI PASS; CLIMATE; ALASKA; DISEQUILIBRIUM AB Analyses of sediment cores from Marcella Lake, a small, hydrologically closed lake in the semi-arid southwest Yukon, provides effective moisture information for the last similar to 4500 years at century-scale resolution. Water chemistry and oxygen isotope analyses from lakes and precipitation in the region indicate that Marcella Lake is currently enriched in O-18 by summer evaporation. Past lake water values are inferred from oxygen isotope analyses of sedimentary endogenic carbonate in the form of algal Charophyte stem encrustations. A record of the delta O-18 composition of mean annual precipitation at Jellybean Lake, a nearby evaporation-insensitive system, provides data of simultaneous delta O-18 variations related to decade-to-century scale shifts in Aleutian Low intensity/position. The difference between the two isotope records, Delta delta, represents O-18-enrichment in Marcella Lake water caused by summer effective moisture conditions. Results indicate increased effective moisture between similar to 3000 and 1200 cal BP and two marked shifts toward increased aridity at similar to 1200 and between 300 and 200 cal BP. These prominent late Holocene changes in effective moisture occurred simultaneously with changes in Aleutian Low circulation patterns over the Gulf of Alaska indicated by Jellybean Lake. The reconstructed climate patterns are consistent with the topographically controlled climatic heterogeneity observed in the coastal mountains and interior valleys of the region today. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Geosci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Anderson, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS-980, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM land@usgs.gov RI Burns, Stephen/H-9419-2013 NR 57 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 1-2 BP 130 EP 141 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.04.011 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 133PM UT WOS:000244024800009 ER PT S AU Landa, ER AF Landa, Edward R. BE Shaw, G TI Naturally occurring radionuclides from industrial sources: characteristics and fate in the environment SO RADIOACTIVITY IN THE TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENT SE Radioactivity in the Environment LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID URANIUM MILL TAILINGS; OCCURRING RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL; PIPE-SCALE DEPOSITS; FIRED POWER-PLANT; RADIOLOGICAL IMPACT; FLY-ASH; RADON EMANATION; RADIUM ISOTOPES; GAS-PRODUCTION; COAL-MINES C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Landa, ER (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 130 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1569-4860 BN 978-0-08-047489-2 J9 RADIOACTIV ENVIRONM PY 2007 VL 10 BP 211 EP 237 DI 10.1016/S1569-4860(06)10010-8 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BCW77 UT WOS:000311707400010 ER PT J AU Chacon, L Gomez, MC Jenkins, J Leibo, SP Wirtu, G Dresser, BL Pope, CE AF Chacon, L. Gomez, M. C. Jenkins, J. Leibo, S. P. Wirtu, G. Dresser, B. L. Pope, C. E. TI Viability and apoptosis of bovine fibroblasts frozen ina conventional (-20 degrees C) or low-temperature (-80 degrees C) freezer SO REPRODUCTION FERTILITY AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Nacl Colombia, Sch Vet Med, Bogota, Colombia. Univ New Orleans, Dept Biol Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. Audobon Ctr Res Endangered Species, New Orleans, LA 70131 USA. Univ Nacl Colombia, Genet Inst, Bogota, Colombia. US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1031-3613 EI 1448-5990 J9 REPROD FERT DEVELOP JI Reprod. Fertil. Dev. PY 2007 VL 19 IS 1 MA 112 BP 173 EP 174 DI 10.1071/RDv19n1Ab112 PG 2 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology GA 115LR UT WOS:000242736300125 ER PT J AU Guerrero, CA Jenkins, JA Lynn, JW Bondioli, KR Godke, RA AF Guerrero, C. A. Jenkins, J. A. Lynn, J. W. Bondioli, K. R. Godke, R. A. TI Effect of incubation of bovine epididymal spermatozoa in seminal plasma prior to cryopreservation SO REPRODUCTION FERTILITY AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Reprod Biol Ctr, Dept Anim Sci,Embryo Biotechnol Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RI Lynn, John/B-3126-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1031-3613 J9 REPROD FERT DEVELOP JI Reprod. Fertil. Dev. PY 2007 VL 19 IS 1 MA 116 BP 175 EP 176 DI 10.1071/RDv19n1Ab116 PG 2 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology GA 115LR UT WOS:000242736300129 ER PT J AU Santymire, RM Marinari, PE Kreeger, JS Wildt, DE Howard, JG AF Santymire, R. M. Marinari, P. E. Kreeger, J. S. Wildt, D. E. Howard, J. G. TI Slow cooling prevents cold-induced damage to sperm motility and acrosomal integrity in the black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) SO REPRODUCTION FERTILITY AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE assisted reproduction; conservation; genome resource banking; mustelid ID FROZEN THAWED SPERMATOZOA; WEIGHT FRACTIONS LMWF; SEMINAL PLASMA; EGG-YOLK; MEMBRANE INTEGRITY; BOAR SPERMATOZOA; RAM SPERMATOZOA; BINDING-CAPACITY; GOAT SPERMATOZOA; HEMIZONA ASSAY AB The endangered black- footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) has benefited from artificial insemination; however, improved sperm cryopreservation protocols are still needed. The present study focused on identifying factors influencing gamete survival during processing before cryopreservation, including: (1) the presence or absence of seminal plasma; (2) temperature (25 degrees Cv. 37 degrees C); (3) type of medium ( Ham's F10 medium v. TEST yolk buffer [ TYB]); (4) cooling rate ( slow, rapid and ultra- rapid); and (5) the presence or absence of glycerol. Seminal plasma did not compromise (P > 0.05) sperm motility or acrosomal integrity. Sperm motility traits were maintained longer (P < 0.05) at 25 degrees C than at 37 degrees C in Ham's or TYB, but temperature did not affect ( P > 0.05) acrosomal integrity. Overall, TYB maintained optimal (P < 0.05) sperm motility compared with Ham's medium, but Ham's medium maintained more (P< 0.05) intact acrosomes than TYB. Slow cooling (0.2(degrees)C min(-1)) was optimal (P< 0.05) compared to rapid cooling (1 degrees C min(-1)), and ultra- rapid cooling (9 degrees Cmin(-1)) was found to be highly detrimental (P < 0.05). Results obtained in TYB with 0% or 4% glycerol were comparable (P > 0.05), indicating that 4% glycerol was non- toxic to ferret sperm; however, glycerol failed to ameliorate the detrimental effects of either rapid or ultra- rapid cooling. The results of the present study demonstrate that the damage observed to black- footed ferret spermatozoa is derived largely from the rate of cooling. C1 Dept Conservat & Sci, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Conservat & Res Ctr, Dept Reprod Sci, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Black Footed Ferret Conservat Ctr, Wellington, CO 80549 USA. Dept Reprod Sci, Washington, DC USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Santymire, RM (reprint author), Dept Conservat & Sci, Lincoln Pk Zoo, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. EM rsantymire@lpzoo.org NR 64 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1031-3613 J9 REPROD FERT DEVELOP JI Reprod. Fertil. Dev. PY 2007 VL 19 IS 5 BP 652 EP 663 DI 10.1071/RD06096 PG 12 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology GA 185VQ UT WOS:000247738900007 PM 17601413 ER PT J AU Peterson, DL Vecsei, P Jennings, CA AF Peterson, Douglas L. Vecsei, Paul Jennings, Cecil A. TI Ecology and biology of the lake sturgeon: a synthesis of current knowledge of a threatened North American Acipenseridde SO REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES LA English DT Review DE biology; ecology; habitat; lake sturgeon; life history ID WHITE STURGEON; HYDROELECTRIC FACILITY; LIFE-HISTORY; FULVESCENS; RIVER; ONTARIO; GROWTH; AGE; MICHIGAN; BEHAVIOR AB The lake sturgeon is one of the largest North American freshwater fish and was once common in most inland rivers and lakes of the US and Canadian Midwest. World demand for caviar and sturgeon meat led to a dramatic decline of lake sturgeon populations throughout much of its range. Along with overfishing, lake sturgeon populations have been negatively affected by habitat degradation. Recruitment factors and early life history are poorly understood, Today, renewed interest in lake sturgeon restoration has led to numerous state and federally-funded research activities. Research has focused on identifying and assessing the size structure of remnant stocks, the availability of spawning habitat, and factors affecting reproductive success. Additional studies are needed to improve hatchery techniques, to better understand recruitment mechanisms, and how genetic diversity among and within meta-populations may affect long-term recovery of depleted populations. C1 Univ Georgia, Div Fisheries, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Peterson, DL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Div Fisheries, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM dpeterson@warnell.uga.edu NR 101 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 5 U2 65 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3166 J9 REV FISH BIOL FISHER JI Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish. PY 2007 VL 17 IS 1 BP 59 EP 76 DI 10.1007/s11160-006-9018-6 PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 142ZP UT WOS:000244690100006 ER PT J AU Andrews, ED Vincent, KR AF Andrews, E. D. Vincent, Kirk R. TI Sand deposition in shoreline eddies along five wild and scenic rivers, Idaho SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE river mechanics; suspended sediment transport; whitewater recreation; Wild and Scenic Rivers ID COLORADO RIVER; GRAND-CANYON AB Sand bars deposited along the lateral margin of a river channel are frequently a focus of recreational activities. Sand bars are appealing sites on which to camp, picnic, fish and relax because they are relatively flat, soft, non-cohesive sand, free of vegetation and near the water's edge. The lack of vegetation and cohesion make sand bars easily erodible. Without appreciable deposition of new material, number and size of bars through a given reach of river will decline Substantially over a period of years. We studied 63 beaches and their associated eddies located throughout 10 selected reaches within the designated Wild and Scenic River sections of the Lochsa, Selway, Middle Fork Clearwater, Middle Fork Salmon and Salmon Rivers in Idaho to determine the relation of beaches to the frequency and magnitude of streamflows that deposit appreciable quantities of sand. At present, these rivers have been altered little, if at all, by flow regulation, and only the Salmon River has substantial diversion upstream of a study reach. The river reaches Studied have all abundance of sand bar beaches of appreciable size, in spite of suspended sand concentrations that rarely exceeded a few hundred milligrams per litre even during the largest floods. Calculated mean annual rates of deposition in an eddy vary from 5.8 to more than 100 cm depending primarily on: ( I) the duration of streamflows that inundate the eddy sand bar depositions; (2) the rate of the flow exchange between the channel and all eddy and (3) the concentrations of suspended sand in the primary channel. The annual thickness of sand deposition in an eddy varies greatly from year to year depending on the duration of relatively large streamflows. Maximum annual sand depositions in an eddy are three to nine times the estimated long-term mean values. Relatively large, sustained floods deposit an appreciable portion of total deposition over a period of years. For the period of record, 1930-2002, the seven largest annual depositions, which represent more than 40% of all material deposited over the Lochsa River 21.9 km eddy, Occurred in the years with the seven largest instantaneous annual peak floods. Beach area and Volume for most beaches, however, are less variable year-to-year than the variation in annual deposition would indicate. Accumulative 10-year weighed deposition rate was computed to estimate the effective variability of beach deposition. Although less variable than the annual deposition, the cumulative 10-year deposition calculated for the longest hydrologic records, 71 years, existing on the Idaho Wild and Scenic Rivers varied by more than an order of magnitude front less than 20 cm to more than 220 cm. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USGS, WRD, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Andrews, ED (reprint author), USGS, WRD, 3215 Marine St,Ste E127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM eandrews@usgs.gov NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 23 IS 1 BP 7 EP 20 DI 10.1002/rra.960 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 130VY UT WOS:000243828300002 ER PT J AU Singer, MB AF Singer, Michael Bliss TI The influence of major dams on hydrology through the drainage network of the Sacramento River basin, California SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE rivers/streams; watershed; runoff; hydrograph alteration; river network; dams ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SUPPLY LIMITATION; FLOW REGULATION; MISSOURI RIVER; DOWNSTREAM; STREAMFLOW; RESERVOIR; COLORADO AB This paper reports basinwide patterns of hydrograph alteration via statistical and graphical analysis from a network of long-term streamflow gauges located various distances downstream of major dams and confluences in the Sacramento River basin in California, USA. Streamflow data from 10 gauging stations downstream of major dams were divided into hydrologic series corresponding to the periods before and after dam construction. Pre- and post-dam flows were compared with respect to hydrograph characteristics representing frequency, magnitude and shape: annual flood peak, annual flow trough, annual flood volume, time to flood peak, flood drawdown time and interarrival time. The use of such a suite of characteristics within a statistical and graphical framework allows for generalising distinct strategies of flood control operation that can be identified without any a priori knowledge of operations rules. Dam operation is highly dependent oil the ratio of reservoir capacity to annual flood Volume (impounded runoff index). Dams with high values of this index generally completely cut off flood peaks thus reducing time to peak, drawdown time and annual flood volume. Those with low values conduct early and late flow releases to extend the hydrograph, increasing time to peak, drawdown time and annual flood Volume. The analyses reveal minimal flood control benefits from foothill dams in the lower Sacramento River (i.e. dissipation of the down-valley flood control signal). The lower part of the basin is instead reliant on a weir and bypass system to control lowland flooding. Data from a control gauge (i.e. with no upstream dams) suggest a background signature of global climate change expressed as shortened flood hydrograph failing limbs and lengthened flood interarrival times at low exceedence probabilities. This research has implications for flood control, water resource management, aquatic and riparian ecosystems and for rehabilitation strategies involving flow alteration and/or manipulation of sediment Supplies. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Singer, MB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Water Resources Div, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 472, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM bliss@bren.ucsb.edu NR 44 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 7 U2 28 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 23 IS 1 BP 55 EP 72 DI 10.1002/rra.968 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 130VY UT WOS:000243828300005 ER PT J AU McIntyre, JK Beauchamp, DA AF McIntyre, Jenifer K. Beauchamp, David A. TI Age and trophic position dominate bioaccumulation of mercury and organochlorines in the food web of Lake Washington SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE biomagnification; bioaccumulation; mercury; organochlorines; food web; Lake Washington ID SMELT SPIRINCHUS THALEICHTHYS; WALLEYE STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM; STABLE NITROGEN; CARBON ISOTOPES; CUTTHROAT TROUT; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; MICHIGAN SALMONIDS; FEEDING ECOLOGY; SPORT FISH; BIOMAGNIFICATION AB Understanding the mechanisms of bioaccumulation in food webs is critical to predicting which food webs are at risk for higher rates of bioaccumulation that endanger the health of upper-trophic predators, including humans. Mercury and organochlorines were measured concurrently with stable isotopes of nitrogen and carbon in key fishes and invertebrates of Lake Washington to explore important pathways of bioaccumulation in this food web. Across the food web, age and trophic position together were highly significant predictors of bioaccumulation. Trophic position was more important than age for predicting accumulation of mercury, Sigma DDT, and Sigma-chlordane, whereas age was more important than trophic position for predicting Sigma PCB. Excluding age from the analysis inflated the apparent importance of trophic position to bioaccumulation for all contaminants. Benthic and pelagic habitats had similar potential to bioaccumulate contaminants, although higher Sigma-chlordane concentrations in organisms were weakly associated with more benthic carbon signals. In individual fish species, contaminant concentrations increased with age, size, and trophic position (delta N-15), whereas relationships with carbon source (delta C-13) were not consistent. Lipid concentrations were correlated with contaminant concentrations in some but not all fishes, suggesting that lipids were not involved mechanistically in bioaccumulation. Contaminant concentrations in biota did not vary among littoral sites. Collectively, these results suggest that age may be an important determinant of bioaccumulation in many food webs and could help explain a significant amount of the variability in apparent biomagnification rates among food webs. As such, effort should be made when possible to collect information on organism age in addition to stable isotopes when assessing food webs for rates of biomagnification. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fisheries & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP McIntyre, JK (reprint author), Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fisheries & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020,1122 NE Boat St, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM jmcintyr@u.washington.edu NR 65 TC 65 Z9 72 U1 3 U2 50 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 372 IS 2-3 BP 571 EP 584 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.10.035 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 130KA UT WOS:000243797300022 PM 17157357 ER PT J AU Ayrault, S Clochiatti, R Carrot, F Daudin, L Bennett, JP AF Ayrault, Sophie Clochiatti, Roberto Carrot, Francine Daudin, Laurent Bennett, James P. TI Factors to consider for trace element deposition biomonitoring surveys with lichen transplants SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE air pollution; biomonitoring; lichen; Evernia prunastri; transplants; trace elements ID AIR-POLLUTION; HYPOGYMNIA-PHYSODES; METAL ACCUMULATION; MT. ETNA; SITES; BIOINDICATORS; PARMELIA; VITALITY; URBAN; PIXE AB A trace element deposition biomonitoring experiment with transplants of the fruticose lichen Evernia prunastri was developed, aimed at monitoring the effects of different exposure parameters (exposure orientation and direct rain) and to the elements Ti, V, Cr, Co, Cu, Zn, Rb, Cd, Sb and Pb. Accumulations were observed for most of the elements, confirming the ability of Evernia transplants for atmospheric metal deposition monitoring. The accumulation trends were mainly affected by the exposure orientation and slightly less so by the protection from rain. The zonation of the trace elements inside the thallus was also studied. It was concluded that trace element concentrations were not homogeneous in Evernia, thus imposing some cautions on the sampling approach. A nuclear microprobe analysis of ail E. prunastri transplanted thallus in thin cross-sections concluded that the trace elements were mainly concentrated on the cortex of the thallus, except Zn, Ca and K which were also present in the internal layers. The size of the particles deposited or entrapped on the cortex surface averaged 7 pm. A list of key parameters to ensure the comparability of surveys aiming at observing temporal or spatial deposition variation is presented. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 UVSQ, CNRS, CEA, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. CEA Saclay, CNRS, Lab Pierre Sue, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Wisconsin, Inst Environm Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Geol Survey, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Ayrault, S (reprint author), UVSQ, CNRS, CEA, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM sophie.ayrault@lsce.cnrs-gif.fr RI DAUDIN, laurent/A-8801-2008 NR 37 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 372 IS 2-3 BP 717 EP 727 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.10.032 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 130KA UT WOS:000243797300035 PM 17157898 ER PT S AU Marshall, BD Oliver, TA Peterman, ZE AF Marshall, Brian D. Oliver, Thomas A. Peterman, Zell E. BE Dunn, D Poinssot, C Begg, B TI Chemistry of water collected from an unventilated drift, Yucca Mountain, Nevada SO Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXX SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Symposium on Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management CY NOV 27-DEC 01, 2006 CL Boston, MA AB Water samples (referred to as puddle water samples) were collected from the surfaces of a conveyor belt and plastic sheeting in the unventilated portion of the Enhanced Characterization of the Repository Block (ECRB) Cross Drift in 2003 and 2005 at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The chemistry of these puddle water samples is very different than that of pore water samples from borehole cores in the same region of the Cross Drift or than seepage water samples collected from the Exploratory Studies Facility tunnel in 2005. The origin of the puddle water is condensation on surfaces of introduced materials and its chemistry is dominated by components of the introduced materials. Large CO2 concentrations may be indicative of localized chemical conditions induced by biologic activity. C1 US Geol Survey, WRD YMPB, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Marshall, BD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, WRD YMPB, Denver Fed Ctr, WRD MS 963, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-942-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 985 BP 511 EP 518 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BGV64 UT WOS:000250805600076 ER PT S AU Peterman, ZE Oliver, TA AF Peterman, Zell E. Oliver, Thomas A. BE Dunn, D Poinssot, C Begg, B TI Geochemistry of natural components in the near-field environment, Yucca Mountain, Nevada SO Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXX SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Symposium on Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management CY NOV 27-DEC 01, 2006 CL Boston, MA AB The natural near-field environment in and around the emplacement drifts of the proposed nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, includes the host rock, dust, seepage, and pore water. The chemical compositions of these components have been determined for assessing possible chemical and mineralogical reactions that may occur after nuclear waste is emplaced. The rock hosting the proposed repository is relatively uniform as shown by a mean coefficient of variation (CV) of 9 percent for major elements. In contrast, compositional variations of dust (bulk and water-soluble fractions), pore water, and seepage are large with mean CVs ranging from 28 to 64 percent. C1 US Geol Survey, Yucca Mt Project Branch, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Peterman, ZE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Yucca Mt Project Branch, MS 963 Box 25046 Denver Fed Ctr,6th & Kipling Sts, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-942-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 985 BP 541 EP 550 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BGV64 UT WOS:000250805600080 ER PT S AU Horton, JW Gohn, GS Powars, DS Edwards, LE AF Horton, J. Wright, Jr. Gohn, Gregory S. Powars, David S. Edwards, Lucy E. BE Evans, KR Horton, JW King, DT Morrow, JR TI Origin and emplacement of impactites in the Chesapeake Bay impact structure, Virginia, USA SO SEDIMENTARY RECORD OF METEORITE IMPACTS SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPEM Research Conference on the Sedimentary Record of Meteorite Impacts CY MAY 21-25, 2005 CL Springfield, MO SP Soc Sedimentary Geol DE Chesapeake; impact; crater; impactite; breccia; suevite; resurge ID LOCKNE CRATER; BOLIDE IMPACT; BARENTS SEA; EAST-COAST; SWEDEN; EVENT; DEFORMATION; SEDIMENT; COLLAPSE AB The late Eocene Chesapeake Bay impact structure, located on the Atlantic margin of Virginia, may be Earth's best-preserved large impact structure formed in a shallow marine, siliciclastic, continental-shelf environment. It has the form of an inverted sombrero in which a central crater similar to 40 km in diameter is surrounded by a shallower brim, the annular trough, that extends the diameter to similar to 85 km. The annular trough is interpreted to have formed largely by the collapse and mobilization of weak sediments. Crystalline-clast suevite, found only in the central crater, contains clasts and blocks of shocked gneiss that likely were derived from the fragmentation of the central-uplift basement. The suevite and entrained megablocks are interpreted to have formed from impact-melt particles and crystalline-rock debris that never left the central crater, rather than as a fallback deposit. Impact-modified sediments in the annular trough include megablocks of Cretaceous nonmarine sediment disrupted by faults, fluidized sands, fractured clays, and mixed-sediment intercalations. These impact-modified sediments could have formed by a combination of processes, including ejection into and mixing of sediments in the water column, rarefaction-induced fragmentation and clastic injection, liquefaction and fluidization of sand in response to acoustic-wave vibrations, gravitational collapse, and inward lateral spreading. The Exmore beds, which blanket the entire crater and nearby areas, consist of a lower diamicton member overlain by an upper stratified member. They are interpreted as unstratified ocean-resurge deposits, having depositional cycles that may represent stages of inward resurge or outward anti-resurge flow, overlain by stratified fallout of suspended sediment from the water column. C1 [Horton, J. Wright, Jr.; Gohn, Gregory S.; Powars, David S.; Edwards, Lucy E.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Horton, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 926A,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 95 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2437-9 J9 GEOL S AM S PY 2007 VL 437 BP 73 EP 97 DI 10.1130/2008.2437(06) PG 25 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BME46 UT WOS:000272012400006 ER PT J AU Field, EH AF Field, Edward H. TI Overview of the working group for the development of regional earthquake likelihood models (RELM) SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID REAL-TIME FORECASTS; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; CONSTITUTIVE LAW; SEISMICITY; HAZARD; SIMULATIONS; AFTERSHOCKS; PREDICTION; MAGNITUDE; MODERATE C1 US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Field, EH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM field@usgs.gov NR 50 TC 92 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 78 IS 1 BP 7 EP 16 DI 10.1785/gssrl.78.1.7 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 131ID UT WOS:000243861400002 ER PT J AU Schorlemmer, D Gerstenberger, MC AF Schorlemmer, D. Gerstenberger, M. C. TI RELM testing center SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EARTHQUAKE PREDICTION; AFTERSHOCKS; CALIFORNIA; HYPOTHESIS C1 US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Schorlemmer, D (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, 3651 Trousdale Pkwy, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM danijel@usc.edu; m.gerstenberger@gns.cri.nz RI Team, CSEP/A-4381-2013 NR 22 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 4 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 78 IS 1 BP 30 EP 36 DI 10.1785/gssrl.78.1.30 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 131ID UT WOS:000243861400004 ER PT J AU Gerstenberger, MC Jones, LM Wiemer, S AF Gerstenberger, M. C. Jones, L. M. Wiemer, S. TI Short-term aftershock probabilities: Case studies in California SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EARTHQUAKE; HAZARD; PARAMETERS; FORECASTS C1 US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. ETH, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Gerstenberger, MC (reprint author), GNS Sci, POB 30-368, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. EM m.gerstenberger@gns.cri.nz; jones@usgs.gov; s.wiemer@sed.ethz.ch RI Wiemer, Stefan/E-5033-2015 NR 17 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 78 IS 1 BP 66 EP 77 DI 10.1785/gssrl.78.1.66 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 131ID UT WOS:000243861400008 ER PT J AU Petersen, MD Cao, TQ Campbell, KW Frankel, AD AF Petersen, Mark D. Cao, Tianqing Campbell, Kenneth W. Frankel, Arthur D. TI Time-independent and time-dependent seismic hazard assessment for the State of California: Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast Model 1.0 SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUBDUCTION-ZONE; UNITED-STATES; CASCADIA C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Calif Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. EQECAT Inc, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. RP Petersen, MD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 966 Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM mpetersen@usgs.gov; tcao@consrv.ca.gov; KCampbell@eqecat.com; afrankel@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 5 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 78 IS 1 BP 99 EP 109 DI 10.1785/gssrl.78.1.99 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 131ID UT WOS:000243861400012 ER PT S AU Bailey, GB Berger, M Jeanjean, H Gallo, KP AF Bailey, G. Bryan Berger, Michael Jeanjean, Herve Gallo, Kevin P. BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H Habib, S TI The CEOS constellation for land surface imaging - art. no. 674425 SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites XI CY SEP 17-20, 2007 CL Florence, ITALY DE remote sensing; land surface imaging; constellation; international collaboration; societal benefits AB A constellation of satellites that routinely and frequently images the Earth's land surface in consistently calibrated wavelengths from the visible through the microwave and in spatial detail that ranges from submeter to hundreds of meters would offer enormous potential benefits to society. A well-designed and effectively operated land surface imaging satellite constellation could have great positive impact not only on the quality of life for citizens of all nations, but also on mankind's very ability to sustain life as we know it on this planet long into the future. The primary objective of the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) Land Surface Imaging (LSI) Constellation is to define standards (or guidelines) that describe optimal future LSI Constellation capabilities, characteristics, and practices. Standards defined for a LSI Constellation will be based on a thorough understanding of user requirements, and they will address at least three fundamental areas of the systems comprising a Land Surface Imaging Constellation: the space segments, the ground segments, and relevant policies and plans. Studies conducted by the LSI Constellation Study Team also will address current and shorter-term problems and issues facing the land remote sensing community today, such as seeking ways to work more cooperatively in the operation of existing land surface imaging systems and helping to accomplish tangible benefits to society through application of land surface image data acquired by existing systems. 2007 LSI Constellation studies are designed to establish initial international agreements, develop preliminary standards for a mid-resolution land surface imaging constellation, and contribute data to a global forest assessment. C1 [Bailey, G. Bryan] US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Obervat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Bailey, GB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Obervat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RI Gallo, Kevin P./F-5588-2010 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6902-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6744 BP 74425 EP 74425 DI 10.1117/12.740854 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Telecommunications GA BHH79 UT WOS:000253362700057 ER PT S AU Reynolds, JH Woody, CA Gove, NE Fair, LF AF Reynolds, Joel H. Woody, Carol A. Gove, Nancy E. Fair, Lowell F. BE Woody, CA TI Efficiently estimating salmon escapement uncertainty using systematically sampled data SO Sockeye Salmon Evolution, Ecology, and Management SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Sockeye Salmon Ecology, Evolution, Life History, and Management CY SEP 13, 2005 CL Anchorage, AK AB Fish escapement is generally monitored using nonreplicated systematic sampling designs (e.g., via visual counts from towers or hydroacoustic counts). These sampling designs support a variety of methods for estimating the variance of the total escapement. Unfortunately, all the methods give biased results, with the magnitude of the bias being determined by the underlying process patterns. Fish escapement commonly exhibits positive autocorrelation and nonlinear patterns, such as diurnal and seasonal patterns. For these patterns, poor choice of variance estimator can needlessly increase the uncertainty managers have to deal with in sustaining fish populations. We illustrate the effect of sampling design and variance estimator choice on variance estimates of total escapement for anadromous salmonids from systematic samples of fish passage. Using simulated tower counts of sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka escapement on the Kvichak River, Alaska, five variance estimators for nonreplicated systematic samples were compared to determine the least biased. Using the least biased variance estimator, four confidence interval estimators were compared for expected coverage and mean interval width. Finally, five systematic sampling designs were compared to determine the design giving the smallest average variance estimate for total annual escapement. For nonreplicated systematic samples of fish escapement, all variance estimators were positively biased. Compared to the other estimators, the least biased estimator reduced bias by, on average, from 12% to 98%. All confidence intervals gave effectively identical results. Replicated systematic sampling designs consistently provided the smallest average estimated variance among those compared. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Refuge Syst, Div Nat Resource, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Reynolds, JH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Refuge Syst, Div Nat Resource, 1011 E Tudor Rd,Mailstop 221, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RI Reynolds, Joel/E-1445-2011 OI Reynolds, Joel/0000-0003-4506-0501 NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-888569-88-9 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2007 VL 54 BP 121 EP 129 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BGG42 UT WOS:000246659300012 ER PT J AU Leadon, CJ Mcdonnell, TR Lear, J Barclift, D AF Leadon, Christopher J. Mcdonnell, Thomas R. Lear, Janet Barclift, David TI Calculating background levels for ecological risk parameters in toxic Harbor sediment SO SOIL & SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION LA English DT Article DE contaminated harbor sediments; ecological risk; bioassessment; background reference ID ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; EXPOSURE AB Establishing background levels for biological parameters is necessary in assessing the ecological risks from harbor sediment contaminated with toxic chemicals. For chemicals in sediment, the term contaminated is defined as having concentrations above background and significant human health or ecological risk levels. For biological parameters, a site could be considered contaminated if levels of the parameter are either more or less than the background level, depending on the specific parameter. Biological parameters can include tissue chemical concentrations in ecological receptors, bioassay responses, bioaccumulation levels, and benthic community metrics. Chemical parameters can include sediment concentrations of a variety of potentially toxic chemicals. Indirectly, contaminated harbor sediment can impact shellfish, fish, birds, and marine mammals, and human populations. This paper summarizes the methods used to define background levels for chemical and biological parameters from a survey of ecological risk investigations of marine harbor sediment at California Navy bases. Background levels for regional biological indices used to quantify ecological risks for benthic communities are also described. Generally, background stations are positioned in relatively clean areas exhibiting the same physical and general chemical characteristics as nearby areas with contaminated harbor sediment. The number of background stations and the number of sample replicates per background station depend on the statistical design of the sediment ecological risk investigation, developed through the data quality objective (DQO) process. Biological data from the background stations can be compared to data from a contaminated site by using minimum or maximum background levels or comparative statistics. In Navy ecological risk assessments (ERA's), calculated background levels and appropriate ecological risk screening criteria are used to identify sampling stations and sites with contaminated sediments. C1 Naval Facil Engn Command SW, San Diego, CA USA. Brown & Caldwell, Irvine, CA USA. Brown & Caldwell, San Diego, CA USA. NAVFAC, EFA, Lester, PA USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Leadon, CJ (reprint author), Naval Facil Engn Command SW, San Diego, CA USA. EM christopher.leadon@navy.mil NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-0383 EI 1549-7887 J9 SOIL SEDIMENT CONTAM JI Soil. Sediment. Contam. PY 2007 VL 16 IS 5 BP 433 EP 450 DI 10.1080/15320380701490150 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 209HW UT WOS:000249380600001 ER PT J AU Spear, KA Schweitzer, SH Goodloe, R Harris, DC AF Spear, Kathryn A. Schweitzer, Sara H. Goodloe, Robin Harris, Deborah C. TI Effects of management strategies on the reproductive success of Least Terns on dredge spoil in Georgia SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID STERNA-ANTILLARUM; SITE SELECTION; NEW-JERSEY; PREDATION; COLONIES; SKIMMERS; ISLANDS; USA AB Sterna antillarum antillarum (Eastern Least Tern) historically nested on Atlantic Coast beaches and barrier island shores, but has moved inland to artificial habitats, such as dredge-spoil sites, as available natural habitat has been lost to development and increased human recreational activities. Least Terns readily nest oil artificial sites, but the effects of different habitat characteristics and depredation conditions on reproductive success are unclear. We examined the effects of management strategies, disking and electric fencing, on daily survival rate (DSR) and 21-day survival rate (DSR21) of clutches, and on apparent nesting success on a dredge-spoil site in Georgia from 1993 through 1998. All 3 estimates of reproductive success increased as management intensity increased. Significantly (chi(2)(2) = 185.8, P < 0.001), DSR increased from 0.88 (1993, no management) to 0.97 (1998, disking in March to remove vegetation and enclosure with an electric fence). Corresponding DSR 21 were 0.06 and 0.59, respectively. Artificial nesting sites can be improved by management actions, and such work may be increasingly important as natural habitat for beach-nesting birds continues to decline in availability and quality. C1 Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, Athens, GA 30606 USA. RP Schweitzer, SH (reprint author), Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM schweitz@warnell.uga.edu NR 39 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 19 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2007 VL 6 IS 1 BP 27 EP 34 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2007)6[27:EOMSOT]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 157FB UT WOS:000245702900003 ER PT J AU Rice, AN Ross, JP Woodward, AR Carbonneau, DA Percival, HF AF Rice, Amanda N. Ross, J. Perran Woodward, Allan R. Carbonneau, Dwayne A. Percival, H. Franklin TI Alligator diet in relation to alligator mortality on Lake Griffin, FL SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID AMERICAN ALLIGATORS; CROCODYLUS-POROSUS; FLORIDA; CROCODILIANS; SALMONINES; THIAMINE; HABITS; WEIGHT; FISH AB Alligator mississippiensis (American Alligators) demonstrated low hatch-rate success and increased adult mortality on Lake Griffin, FL, between 1998 and 2003. Dying Lake Griffin alligators with symptoms of poor motor coordination were reported to show specific neurological impairment and brain lesions. Similar lesions were documented in salmonines that consumed clupeids with high thiaminase levels. Therefore, we investigated the diet of Lake Griffin alligators and compared it with alligator diets from two lakes that exhibited relatively low levels of unexplained alligator mortality to see if consumption of Dorosoma cepedianum (gizzard shad) could be correlated with patterns of mortality. Shad in both lakes Griffin and Apopka had high levels of thiaminase and Lake Apopka alligators were consuming greater amounts of shad relative to Lake Griffin without showing mortality rates similar to Lake Griffin alligators. Therefore, a relationship between shad consumption alone and alligator mortality is not supported. C1 Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Ocala, FL 34474 USA. Univ Florida, US Geol Survey, Flordia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Rice, AN (reprint author), Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, 7922 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM Amanda.Waddle@MyFWC.com NR 34 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 16 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 EI 1938-5412 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2007 VL 6 IS 1 BP 97 EP 110 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2007)6[97:ADIRTA]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 157FB UT WOS:000245702900008 ER PT J AU Dodd, CK Barichivich, WJ AF Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr. Barichivich, William J. TI Establishing a baseline and faunal history in amphibian monitoring programs: The amphibians of Harris Neck, GA SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID DECLINES; PROBABILITIES; EXTINCTIONS AB We conducted an intensive inventory of Harris Neck National Wildlife Refuge in coastal Georgia to determine the feasibility of establishing an amphibian monitoring program at this location. Thirteen semi-aquatic amphibian species were identified at 21 locations. Amphibian species richness at Harris Neck was similar to that of nearby barrier islands. The amphibian fauna of Harris Neck has long been affected by human-induced landscape changes, including the inadvertent introduction of tadpoles from distant fish hatcheries and the creation of artificial impoundments. Land-use history provides important information necessary to understand current amphibian distribution, especially when census data are used to establish a baseline from which to monitor future status and trends. C1 US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Dodd, CK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM Terrapene600@gmail.com NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2007 VL 6 IS 1 BP 125 EP 134 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2007)6[125:EABAFH]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 157FB UT WOS:000245702900010 ER PT J AU Magoulick, DD DiStefano, RJ AF Magoulick, Daniel D. DiStefano, Robert J. TI Invasive crayfish Orconectes neglectus threatens native crayfishes in the Spring River drainage of Arkansas and Missouri SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID HYBRIDIZATION; REPLACEMENT; COMPETITION; MECHANISMS; PREDATION; RUSTICUS AB Invasive species are one of the major threats to biological diversity. Invasive species of crayfish are known to negatively impact native species in aquatic ecosystems. We recently found that an Ozark endemic crayfish, Orconectes neglectus, has been introduced into the Spring River drainage of southern Missouri and northern Arkansas and appears to have the potential to negatively impact the native communities. We used quantitative kick netting along the Spring River and selected tributaries to determine the distribution and abundance of O. neglectus and its potential to impact native crayfish species. The native crayfishes Orconectes eupunctus, a species of special concern, and Cambarus hubbsi appear to no longer occur throughout much of their former range in the Spring River drainage where O. neglectus is now abundant. Orconectes eupunctus, C. hubbsi, and O. neglectus mainly used fast-flowing riffle and run habitats with a mix of gravel, cobble, and boulder, whereas the other common species collected, Orconectes punctimanus and Orconectes ozarkae, were more generalists in habitat use and were found at all sampled sites. Orconectes eupunctus and C. hubbsi were positively associated with each other, but negatively associated with O. neglectus, despite their similar habitat use. These results provide evidence that O. neglectus is expanding its range, possibly to the detriment of O. eupunctus and C. hubbsi. An intensive field survey and manipulative experiments would be required to confirm the disappearance of the native species, and the mechanisms involved. C1 Univ Arkansas, USGS, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Missouri Dept Conservat, Resource Sci Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Magoulick, DD (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, USGS, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM danmag@uark.edu NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 14 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2007 VL 6 IS 1 BP 141 EP 150 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2007)6[141:ICONTN]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 157FB UT WOS:000245702900012 ER PT J AU Merino, S Carter, J Thibodeaux, G AF Merino, Sergio Carter, Jacoby Thibodeaux, Garrett TI Testing tail-mounted transmitters with Myocastor coypus (Nutria) SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB We developed a tail-mounted radio-transmitter for Myocastor coypus (nutria) that offers a practical and efficient alternative to collar or implant methods. The mean retention time was 96 d (range 57-147 d, n = 7), making this a practical method for short-term studies. The tail-mounts were less injurious to animals than collars and easier for field researchers to implement than either collars or surgically implanted transmitters. C1 USGS Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Carter, J (reprint author), USGS Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM jacoby_carter@usgs.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 EI 1938-5412 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2007 VL 6 IS 1 BP 159 EP 164 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2007)6[159:TTTWMC]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 157FB UT WOS:000245702900014 ER PT J AU Parker, CR Flint, OS Jacobus, LM Kondratieff, BC McCafferty, WP Morse, JC AF Parker, Charles R. Flint, Oliver S., Jr. Jacobus, Luke M. Kondratieff, Boris C. McCafferty, W. Patrick Morse, John C. TI Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Megaloptera, and Trichoptera of Great Smoky Mountains National Park SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 67th Annual Meeting of the Association-of-Southeastern-Biologists CY MAR 29-APR 01, 2006 CL Gatlinburg, TN SP Assoc SE Biol ID REVISIONARY CONTRIBUTIONS; EPHEMERELLIDAE; USA; CADDISFLIES; BAETIDAE; MAYFLIES; RECORDS; STREAMS AB Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP), situated on the mountainous border of North Carolina and Tennessee, is recognized as one of the most highly diverse protected areas in the temperate region. In order to provide baseline data for the scientific management of GSMNP, an All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory (ATBI) was initiated in 1998. Among the goals of the ATBI are to discover the identity and distribution of as many as possible of the species of life that occur in GSMNP. The authors have concentrated on the orders of completely aquatic insects other than odonates. We examined or utilized others' records of more than 53,600 adult and 78,000 immature insects from 545 locations. At present, 469 species are known from GSMNP, including 120 species of Ephemeroptera (mayflies), I I I species of Plecoptera (stoneflies), 7 species of Megaloptera (dobsonflies, fishflies, and alderflies), and 231 species of Trichoptera (caddisflies). Included in this total are 10 species new to science discovered since the ATBI began. C1 [Parker, Charles R.] US Geol Survey, Great Smokies Field Stn, Gatlinburg, TN USA. [Flint, Oliver S., Jr.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Jacobus, Luke M.; McCafferty, W. Patrick] Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47904 USA. [Kondratieff, Boris C.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Morse, John C.] Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Parker, CR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Smokies Field Stn, 1314 Cherokee Orchard Rd, Gatlinburg, TN USA. EM chuck_parker@usgs.gov NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 EI 1938-5412 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2007 VL 6 SI 1 BP 159 EP 174 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2007)6[159:EPMATO]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 243JQ UT WOS:000251793000011 ER PT J AU Sasse, DB Clawson, RL Harvey, MJ Hensley, SL AF Sasse, D. Blake Clawson, Richard L. Harvey, Michael J. Hensley, Steve L. TI Status of populations of the endangered gray bat in the western portion of its range SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB Forty-eight Myotis grisescens (gray bat) maternity colonies in Missouri, Arkansas, and Oklahoma were monitored from 1978 to 2002 as recommended in the US Fish and Wildlife Service recovery plan for this endangered species. Seventynine percent of colonies were stable or increasing across 3 subpopulations in this portion of the species' range, and 9 of 14 (64%) actions required by the recovery plan in this region were entirely or partially completed. This study indicates that the dramatic decline in gray bat populations that led to its listing as endangered in 1976 may have halted and that gray bat populations appear to be recovering in the western portion of its range. C1 Arkansas Game & Fish Commiss, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Missouri Dept Conservat, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Biol, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Tulsa, OK 74127 USA. RP Sasse, DB (reprint author), Arkansas Game & Fish Commiss, 2 Nat Resources Dr, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. EM dbsasse@agfc.state.ar.us NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 EI 1938-5412 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2007 VL 6 IS 1 BP 165 EP 172 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2007)6[165:SOPOTE]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 157FB UT WOS:000245702900015 ER PT J AU Pham, L Boudreaux, S Karhbet, S Price, B Ackleh, AS Carter, J Pal, N AF Pham, Lanminh Boudreaux, Seth Karhbet, Sam Price, Becky Ackleh, Azmy S. Carter, Jacoby Pal, Nabendu TI Population estimates of Hyla cinerea (Schneider) (Green tree frog) in an urban environment SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB Hyla cinerea (Green Treefrog) is a common wetlands species in the Southeastern US. To better understand its Population dynamics, we followed a relatively isolated Population of Green Treefrogs from June 2004 through October 20(4 at a federal office complex in Lafayette, LA. Weekly, Green Treefrogs were caught, measured, marked with VIE tags, and released. The data were used to estimate population size. The time frame was split into two periods: before and after August 17, 2004. Before August 17, 2004, the average estimated population size was 143, and after August 24, 2005, this valuejumped to 446, an increase possibly due to tadpoles metamorphosing into adults. C1 USGS Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. Univ Louisiana, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. Univ Louisiana, Dept Math, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Carter, J (reprint author), USGS Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM jacoby_carter@usgs.gov NR 12 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2007 VL 6 IS 2 BP 203 EP 216 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2007)6[203:PEOHCS]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 187EU UT WOS:000247831000002 ER PT J AU Lessard, JP Dunn, RR Parker, CR Sanders, NJ AF Lessard, Jean-Philippe Dunn, Robert R. Parker, Charles R. Sanders, Nathan J. TI Rarity and diversity in forest ant assemblages of Great Smoky Mountains National Park SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 67th Annual Meeting of the Association-of-Southeastern-Biologists CY MAR 29-APR 01, 2006 CL Gatlinburg, TN SP Assoc SE Biol ID TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; SPECIES-RICHNESS; ELEVATIONAL GRADIENTS; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; BIODIVERSITY; FAUNA; COMPETITION; INVENTORY; COMMUNITY AB We report on a systematic survey of the ant fauna occurring in hardwood forests in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. At 22-mixed hardwood sites, we collected leaf-litter ant species using Winkler samplers. At eight of those sites, we also collected ants using pitfall and Malaise traps. In total, we collected 53 ant species. As shown in other studies, ant species richness tended to decline with increasing elevation. Leaf-litter ant assemblages were also highly nested. Several common species were both locally abundant and had broad distributions, while many other species were rarely detected. Winkler samplers, pitfall traps, and Malaise traps yielded samples that differed in composition, but not richness, from one another. Taken together, our work begins to illuminate the factors that govern the diversity, distribution, abundance, and perhaps rarity of ants of forested ecosystems in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. C1 [Lessard, Jean-Philippe; Sanders, Nathan J.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Lessard, Jean-Philippe; Dunn, Robert R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Parker, Charles R.] USGS Biol Resources Discipline, Gatlinburg, TN 37738 USA. RP Lessard, JP (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, 569 Dabney Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM jlessar@utk.edu RI Sanders, Nathan/A-6945-2009; Dunn, Robert/B-1360-2013 OI Sanders, Nathan/0000-0001-6220-6731; NR 41 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 12 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2007 VL 6 SI 1 BP 215 EP 228 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2007)6[215:RADIFA]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 243JQ UT WOS:000251793000016 ER PT J AU Katechis, CT Sakaris, PC Irwin, ER AF Katechis, Costas T. Sakaris, Peter C. Irwin, Elise R. TI Population demographics of Hiodon tergisus (Mooneye) in the lower Tallapoosa River SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID COUNTERGRADIENT VARIATION; DIFFERENT LATITUDES; ASSINIBOINE RIVER; PECTORAL SPINES; GROWTH-RATE; OTOLITHS; ALABAMA; CATFISH AB We describe age structure, growth, and fecundity of Hiodon tergisus (Mooneye) from the lower Tallapoosa River, AL. Mooneye (N = 49, 214-316 mm total length, 79-284 g) were aged using otoliths, and a von Bertalanffy growth model was derived for the species (L-infinity = 316, K = 0.285, t(o) = -0.7). Growth rates of Mooneye differed between the Tallapoosa River population and a previously studied population from the northern extent of the species' range (Assiniboine River, MB, Canada). In addition, fecundity of Mooneye from the Tallapoosa River was similar to the northern population, ranging from 5321 to 7432 eggs per female. Because the species is declining throughout its range in Alabama, we recommend that managers use our findings in conservation efforts. Future studies should investigate how hydrology influences the spawning success and early growth and development of Mooneye in regulated systems. More information about this species is needed regarding their early life history, including early growth, survival, and habitat use. C1 Auburn Univ, US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Irwin, ER (reprint author), Auburn Univ, US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 3301 Forestry & Wild Life Bldg, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM irwiner@auburn.edu NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2007 VL 6 IS 3 BP 461 EP 470 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2007)6[461:PDOHTM]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 215EB UT WOS:000249790000007 ER PT J AU Grabowski, TB Isely, JJ AF Grabowski, Timothy B. Isely, J. Jeffrey TI Effects of flow fluctuations on the spawning habitat of a riverine fish SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID ECOLOGICAL TRAPS; DEWATERED REDDS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; CHINOOK SALMON; SAVANNA RIVER; CONSEQUENCES; GEORGIA; REGIMES AB Shallow-water, lithophilic spawning fishes are among the most vulnerable to anthropogenic fluctuations in water levels. We monitored water levels and environmental conditions at the nest sites of Moxostoma robustum (Robust Red-horse) on a main-channel gravel bar in the Savannah River, GA-SC. During the course of the 2005 spawning season, over 50% of the observed nest sites were either completely dewatered or left in near zero-flow conditions for several days. This occurred on two separate occasions, once early during the spawning season and then again near its conclusion. We hypothesize the habitat preferences of spawning Robust Redhorse leave them vulnerable to water-level fluctuations, and this phenomenon may be widespread in regulated river systems. C1 Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Isely, JJ (reprint author), Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM jisely@clemson.edu NR 24 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 11 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2007 VL 6 IS 3 BP 471 EP 478 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2007)6[471:EOFFOT]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 215EB UT WOS:000249790000008 ER PT J AU LaBram, JA Peck, AE Allen, CR AF LaBram, Jill A. Peck, Amanda E. Allen, Craig R. TI Monitoring-based assessment of gap-analysis models SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID DIVERSITY; VERTEBRATES AB Gap-analysis models of vertebrate species richness are primarily created based on literature and expert review to predict individual species' occurrences and overall richness of vertebrates. Such models need validation based on empirical data to assess their accuracy. We describe and apply a new technique for assessing the accuracy of spatially explicit models. We evaluated the accuracy of South Carolina gap-analysis vertebrate models of predicted occurrence for reptile, amphibian, and mammal species on the Savannah River Site, SC, by comparing the agreement between gap-analysis models with models derived from multi-year monitoring data. We determined the species model agreement, commission and omission errors, and spatial correspondence in both single-species and richness models, and spatial correspondence of nodes of high richness. Average species agreement (accuracy) between models was 63%, with similar commission and omission error rates. Where there was spatial correspondence in single-taxon analyses, up to 15% of species identities differed in richness maps. Further refinement of vertebrate models will improve their accuracy, critical for the application of gap analyses to conservation decision-making. C1 [Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [LaBram, Jill A.; Peck, Amanda E.] Clemson Univ, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Allen, CR (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM allencr@unl.edu NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2007 VL 6 IS 4 BP 633 EP 656 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2007)6[633:MAOGM]2.0.CO;2 PG 24 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 249XI UT WOS:000252263400005 ER PT J AU Albanese, B Peterson, JT Freeman, BJ Weiler, DA AF Albanese, Brett Peterson, James T. Freeman, Byron J. Weiler, Deborah A. TI Accounting for incomplete detection when estimating site occupancy of Bluenose Shiner (Pteronotropis welaka) in southwest Georgia SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION; RARITY; FISHES AB Pteronotropis welaka (Bluenose Shiner) has a fragmented range throughout the Southeast, but its apparent rarity may reflect a low probability of detection during surveys. Our objectives were to obtain up-to-date status information for populations in southwest Georgia and to account for incomplete detection in our estimate of the proportion of sites occupied. We detected Bluenose Shiner at 5 of 39 sites (13%) sampled during 2004 and 2005 and estimated detection probability (p) and the proportion of sites occupied (psi) from seine-haul data. Models containing habitat covariates as predictors of p and psi provided a better description of the data than models without covariates for Bluenose Shiner and three other minnow species. Regardless of the model structure, the probability of detecting Bluenose Shiner during a single seine haul was substantially lower than for the other minnow species (3-8% vs. 13-33%). However, estimates of the proportion of sites occupied (corrected for incomplete detection) were similar to observed occupancy rates for all four species because of the large number of seine hauls we made at each site. The modeling approach we followed increased our confidence in survey results and provided information on where and how much to sample in future surveys. It has broad application to future surveys and monitoring programs for rare aquatic species in the southeastern United States. C1 [Peterson, James T.] Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Freeman, Byron J.] Univ Georgia, Georgia Museum, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM brett_albanese@dnr.state.ga.us NR 19 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 12 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2007 VL 6 IS 4 BP 657 EP 668 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2007)6[657:AFIDWE]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 249XI UT WOS:000252263400006 ER PT B AU Finlay, JC Kendall, C AF Finlay, Jacques C. Kendall, Carol BE Michener, R Lajtha, K TI Stable isotope tracing of temporal and spatial variability in organic matter sources to freshwater ecosystems SO STABLE ISOTOPES IN ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE, 2ND EDITION SE Ecological Methods and Concepts LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON; N-15 NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; RIVER FOOD WEBS; AMMONIA DIFFUSION METHOD; UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; NITROGEN ISOTOPES; TROPHIC POSITION; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; SULFUR ISOTOPES; NEW-ZEALAND C1 [Finlay, Jacques C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Kendall, Carol] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Finlay, JC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RI Finlay, Jacques/B-6081-2011 OI Finlay, Jacques/0000-0002-7968-7030 NR 180 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN STREET, MALDEN 02148, MA USA BN 978-0-470-69185-4; 978-1-4051-2680-9 J9 ECOL METHOD CONCEPT PY 2007 BP 283 EP 333 DI 10.1002/9780470691854.ch10 D2 10.1002/9780470691854 PG 51 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BEE45 UT WOS:000316289000011 ER PT B AU Kendall, C Elliott, EM Wankel, SD AF Kendall, Carol Elliott, Emily M. Wankel, Scott D. BE Michener, R Lajtha, K TI Tracing anthropogenic inputs of nitrogen to ecosystems SO STABLE ISOTOPES IN ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE, 2ND EDITION SE Ecological Methods and Concepts LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID OXYGEN-ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; ANAEROBIC AMMONIUM OXIDATION; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FERTILIZER-DERIVED URANIUM; ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; AGRICULTURAL LAND-USE; IN-GROUND WATER; STABLE-ISOTOPES; UNITED-STATES; FRESH-WATER C1 [Kendall, Carol; Wankel, Scott D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Elliott, Emily M.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Kendall, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 434, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Elliott, Emily /E-8122-2011 OI Elliott, Emily /0000-0002-9653-1513 NR 262 TC 248 Z9 257 U1 3 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN STREET, MALDEN 02148, MA USA BN 978-0-470-69185-4; 978-1-4051-2680-9 J9 ECOL METHOD CONCEPT PY 2007 BP 375 EP 449 DI 10.1002/9780470691854.ch12 D2 10.1002/9780470691854 PG 75 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BEE45 UT WOS:000316289000013 ER PT S AU Hubert, WA Gordon, KM AF Hubert, Wayne A. Gordon, Kelly M. BE Brouder, MJ Scheurer, JA TI Great plains fishes declining or threatened with extirpation in Montana, Wyoming, or Colorado SO Status, Distribution, and Conservation of Native Freshwater Fishes of Western North America SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Status, Distribution, and Conservation of Native Freshwater Fishes of Western North America CY MAR 01-03, 2004 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID MISSOURI-RIVER; STREAM; HABITAT; ASSEMBLAGES; DISTURBANCE; PREDATION; PATTERNS; DRAINAGE; WESTERN; CHUB AB Of 55 fish species that were likely native to the Great Plains region of Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado, 33 (60%) species have been given some kind of conservation designation by at least one of the state fisheries management agencies because they are rare or in decline. The species with conservation designations were generally fishes that inhabit large rivers of the upper Missouri River drainage (14 species); live in small, cook or Glear-water streams (9 species); or reside in a wide array of habitats but occur at the edge of their ranges in individual states (10 species). Changes in riverine habitats due to construction of reservoirs on large rivers and introduction of exotic piscivorous fishes to reservoirs are major causes of decline of riverine species in the Great Plains region of Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado. Fishes that occur as disjunct, relict populations in small cook or clear-water streams or at the periphery of their range in individual states are susceptible to local extirpations caused by habitat alterations and introductions (if exotic piscivorous fishes but may have significant conservation value due to their genetic diversity. Given the large proportion of native Great Plains fishes that are declining or threatened with extirpation in individual states, a region-wide effort to maintain native fish assemblages is warranted. C1 Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept 3166, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Hubert, WA (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept 3166, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 50 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-888569-89-6 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2007 VL 53 BP 3 EP 13 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BGT23 UT WOS:000250404400001 ER PT S AU Hudson, JM Jackson, JA AF Hudson, J. Michael Jackson, Julie A. BE Brouder, MJ Scheurer, JA TI Population abundance estimates for humpback chub and roundtail chub in Westwater Canyon, Colorado River, Utah, 1998-2000 SO STATUS, DISTRIBUTION, AND CONSERVATION OF NATIVE FRESHWATER FISHES OF WESTERN NORTH AMERICA SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Status, Distribution, and Conservation of Native Freshwater Fishes of Western North America CY MAR 01-03, 2004 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Amer Fisheries Soc AB Population abundance estimates conducted from 1998 to 2000 were completed for adult (>200 mm) humpback chub Gila cypha and roundtail chub G. robusta in Westwater Canyon on the Colorado River, Utah. Sampling was conducted annually using a three-pass mark-recapture approach. The primary method of capture was trammel netting with supplemental electrofishing on one pass per year. Separate abundance estimates were generated for each year of the study using the null estimator (MO) within Program CAPTURE. Results showed a decline in the adult humpback chub population between 1998 and 1999 and no change in abundance between 1999 and 2000. The adult roundtail chub population abundance in Westwater Canyon during this time period was relatively stable. Catch per unit effort (CPUE) data from this study and historic interagency standardized monitoring indicated a continued declining trend in mean CPUE for humpback chub that was significant. Mean CPUE for roundtail chub also showed a continued declining trend, but it was not statistically significant. The results of this study provide information to assess the current status of these two species and a point of reference for future population estimates of chub in the upper Colorado River basin. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Office, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Hudson, JM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Office, 1211 SE Cardinal Court,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-888569-89-6 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2007 VL 53 BP 15 EP 24 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BGT23 UT WOS:000250404400002 ER PT S AU Andersen, ME Keleher, CJ Rasmussen, JE Hansen, ES Thompson, PD Speas, DW Routledge, MD Hedrick, TN AF Andersen, Matthew E. Keleher, Christopher J. Rasmussen, Joshua E. Hansen, Eriek S. Thompson, Paul D. Speas, David W. Routledge, M. Douglas Hedrick, Trina N. BE Brouder, MJ Scheurer, JA TI Status of June sucker in Utah Lake and refuges SO Status, Distribution, and Conservation of Native Freshwater Fishes of Western North America SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Status, Distribution, and Conservation of Native Freshwater Fishes of Western North America CY MAR 01-03, 2004 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID CHASMISTES-LIORUS AB The June sucker Chasmistes liorus is endemic to Utah Lake, Utah. Abundant when first described in the 19th century, the species declined precipitously in the 20th century, leading to it being listed as endangered in 1986. The wild population size at time of listing was estimated to be less than 1,000 and may be even smaller at present. A multi-partner cooperative program was formally established in 2002 with the dual goals of recovering the June sucker and allowing continued operation of water facilities for human use. One recovery action of the program has been collection and artificial propagation of June sucker, yielding more than 46,000 June sucker of varying ages currently being held outside of Utah Lake. Mature fish held in captivity are beginning to contribute to recovery as they and their offspring are released into the lake. Dwindling numbers of wild fish combined with the increasing proportions of stocked fish returning to spawn in the Provo River indicates barriers to recruitment that are being addressed by other program recovery actions. While actions being taken to address environmental threats to June sucker, especially controlling nonnative fishes and habitat alteration, must continue if artificially and naturally produced June sucker are to survive in Utah Lake, the ability of this species to thrive and reproduce in habitats outside of Utah Lake will likely be important to its persistence. Habitat recovery and conservation efforts will be critical for maintaining a diverse environment where both June sucker and Utah sucker Catostomus ardens can survive. Environmental influences in Utah Lake appear to have been important for the evolution of sucker feeding habits and the observed morphologies of the two species. June sucker have been kept from going extinct, but should remain listed as endangered. The goal of this paper is to present information regarding the current status of June sucker and the status of actions to recover this endangered species, currently dominated by the captive propagation efforts. C1 US Geol Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Andersen, ME (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-888569-89-6 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2007 VL 53 BP 39 EP 58 PG 20 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BGT23 UT WOS:000250404400004 ER PT S AU Minckley, CO Thorson, MS AF Minckley, Charles O. Thorson, Mitch S. BE Brouder, MJ Scheurer, JA TI A review of the distribution and management of bonytail in the Lower Colorado river basin SO Status, Distribution, and Conservation of Native Freshwater Fishes of Western North America SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Status, Distribution, and Conservation of Native Freshwater Fishes of Western North America CY MAR 01-03, 2004 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID FISHES; GILA; CHUB AB The bonytail Gila elegans is endemic to the Colorado River drainage of the American West. In the lower basin, this unique cyprinid historically occurred in the Colorado River main stem and its tributaries from Glen Canyon Dam downstream into Mexico. The species is distinct morphologically and genetically although intermediate forms have been noted from the upper basin. Today, wild individuals may persist in the lower basin in Lake Mojave, Arizona-Nevada. Management activities include broodstock development, the development of grow-out ponds and native fish habitats, and the stocking of borytail into lakes Mojave and Havasu. Smaller bonytail (<10 cm) were first stocked in Lake Mojave in 1980. Very few of these bonytail have been collected during annual monitoring of the lake during the last 25 years. Today, larger fish (>25 cm) are stocked after being passive integrated transponder-tagged. Predation, particularly on the smaller fish, is thought to be the main reason for the lack of recruitment. Bonytail were stocked in Lake Havasu in 1994 using fish greater than 25 cm. To date, 19 fish have been collected. Although this is a small number of individuals, their recapture is encouraging and suggests that bonytail can be established by stocking larger individuals. A management plan for the big-river fishes of the lower Colorado River basin has been completed by a multi-agency committee. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arizona Fishery Resources Off, Parker, AZ 85344 USA. RP Minckley, CO (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arizona Fishery Resources Off, 60911 Highway 95, Parker, AZ 85344 USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-888569-89-6 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2007 VL 53 BP 129 EP 133 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BGT23 UT WOS:000250404400013 ER PT S AU Tabor, RA Fresh, KL Paige, DK Warner, EJ Peters, RJ AF Tabor, Roger A. Fresh, Kurt L. Paige, Dwayne K. Warner, Eric J. Peters, Roger J. BE Brouder, MJ Scheurer, JA TI Distribution and habitat use of cottids in the Lake Washington basin SO Status, Distribution, and Conservation of Native Freshwater Fishes of Western North America SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Status, Distribution, and Conservation of Native Freshwater Fishes of Western North America CY MAR 01-03, 2004 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID BROWN TROUT; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; COTTUS-ALEUTICUS; SCULPIN COTTUS; SYMPATRIC SCULPINS; COASTRANGE SCULPIN; COASTAL STREAMS; PRICKLY SCULPIN; CUTTHROAT TROUT; SOCKEYE-SALMON AB We collected cottids Cottus spp. from a wide variety of habitat types in the Lake Washington basin to determine their distribution and habitat use. Habitat types included large lowland lakes, riverine habitats, and off-channel ponds. Cottids were also collected above and below anadromous barriers on the Cedar River, the main tributary to Lake Washington. In general, the five species of cottids in the Lake Washington basin appeared to be spatially segregated. Prickly sculpin Cottus asper was the dominant cottid species in benthic areas of the lowland lakes. Coastrange sculpin C. alecticus primarily inhabited riffles in the lower reaches of riverine systems, but they were also found along the shoreline of Lake Washington. Riffle sculpin C. gulosus were typically found in low-velocity areas in the lower Cedar River and Issaquah Creek and were the dominant species in off-channel habitats. Torrent sculpin C. rhotheus occupied a wide range of habitats and appeared to be the most numerous cottid in the lower Cedar River and Bear Creek (a Sammamish River tributary). When sympatric with other cottids, shorthead sculpin C. confusus appeared to primarily inhabit riffles; however, they appeared to occupy a wide range of habitats when allopatric (above anadromous barriers). C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Western Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. RP Tabor, RA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Western Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, 510 Desmond Dr SE,Suite 102, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-888569-89-6 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2007 VL 53 BP 135 EP 150 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BGT23 UT WOS:000250404400014 ER PT J AU Weems, RE Edwards, LE AF Weems, Robert E. Edwards, Lucy E. TI Post-middle Miocene origin of modern landforms in the eastern Piedmont of Virginia SO STRATIGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID STRATIGRAPHY AB Diverse late middle Miocene dinoflagellatefloras, obtained from two sites along the western edge of the Atlantic Coastal Plain in central Virginia, indicate that the eastern Virginia Piedmont was covered by marine waters about 12-13 Ma. This transgression extended farther westward across the Virginia Piedmont than any other transgression that has been documented. Extensive fluvial deposits that may be associated with this transgression covered earlier stream patterns in the eastern Piedmont and buried them beneath a thin (probably less than 100 foot-thick) veneer of sand and gravel. During the subsequent regression, a linear down-slope stream-drainage pattern developed. Although it has been somewhat modified by later stream captures, it still is easily recognizable. This interval of marine inundation and deposition explains why modern stream patterns in the eastern Piedmont of Virginia strongly resemble the stream Patterns in the Coastal Plain and differ from the structurally adjusted trellis stream patterns typical of the western Piedmont, Blue Ridge, and Valley and Ridge regions. Uplift of the modern Southern Appalachian Mountains began at the time of this transgression and was largely completed by the late Pliocene. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP Weems, RE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 926A Natl Ctr, Reston, VA USA. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MICROPALEONTOLOGY PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 256 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1547-139X J9 STRATIGRAPHY JI Stratigraphy PY 2007 VL 4 IS 1 BP 35 EP 48 PG 14 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 220GY UT WOS:000250146400002 ER PT B AU Celebi, M AF Celebi, M. BE Chang, FK TI Health monitoring of buildings using threshold drift ratios - Now an established method SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING 2007: QUANTIFICATION, VALIDATION, AND IMPLEMENTATION, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring CY SEP 11-13, 2007 CL Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA SP AF Off Sci Res, Army Res Off, Natl Sci Fdn, Off Naval Res HO Stanford Univ AB In earlier papers, we described how observed data from differential GPS with high sampling ratios and from classical accelerometer deployed in structures can be configured to establish seismic health monitoring of structures. In these configurations, drift ratios (defined as relative displacement between any two floors divided by the difference in elevation of the two floors. Usually, this ratio is computed for two consecutive floors) are the main parametric indicator of damage condition of a structure or component of a structure. Real-time measurement of displacements are acquired either directly using GPS or by double integration of accelerometer time-series data. Recorded sensor data is then related to the performance level of a building. Performance-based design method stipulates that for a building the amplitude of relative displacement of the roof of a building (with respect to its base) indicates its performance. Experience with both types of sensor deployments (GPS and accelerometers) indicate that they are reliable and provide pragmatic alternatives to alert the owners and other authorized parties to make informed decisions and select choices for pre-defined actions following significant events. Furthermore, recent adoption of such methods by financial and industrial enterprises is testimony to their viability. C1 US Geol Survey, Earthquake Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Celebi, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earthquake Hazards Team, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-932078-71-8 J9 STRUCT HLTH MONIT PY 2007 BP 467 EP 475 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Transportation GA BHM63 UT WOS:000254290000053 ER PT B AU Sansoucy, M Locat, J Lee, H AF Sansoucy, M. Locat, J. Lee, H. BE Lykousis, V Sakellariou, D Locat, J TI Geotechnical considerations of submarine canyon formation: The case of Cap de Crieus canyon SO SUBMARINE MASS MOVEMENTS AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES SE Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences CY OCT 01-03, 2007 CL Santorini, GREECE ID WESTERN GULF; MARGIN; EVOLUTION; FRANCE; FLOWS; LION AB A portion of the Cap de Creus canyon, situated in the Gulf of Lion, has been selected for. a detailed analysis of slope instability. This sector has been chosen because of morphological evidence for slide. Three piston cores have been taken at different water depths along an axis perpendicular to the thalweg and a box core has also been taken in the thalweg. At the top of the flank, the geotechnical signature suggests that clay sedimentation has been continuous. In contrast, overconsolidated silty clay has been observed in the core taken on the flank, about 60 m below a headwall escarpment, on a failure plane. The geotechnical profile of the core taken at the toe of the flank suggests that rapid depositional events, such as debris flows and turbidity currents, occur frequently. A series of triaxial tests have been performed, and provided input parameters for analyzing the initial stability of the flank with Slope/W. The impacts of several natural processes on failure development have been tested. Drained failures initiated by axial incisions seem to correspond to the main active process of the canyon, for small shallow failures. Large failure can occur under undrained conditions during earthquakes. C1 [Sansoucy, M.; Locat, J.] Univ Laval, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Lab Etud Risques Nat, Quebec City, PQ G1Y 2P1, Canada. [Lee, H.] United States Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Sansoucy, M (reprint author), Univ Laval, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Lab Etud Risques Nat, Quebec City, PQ G1Y 2P1, Canada. FU U. S. Office of Naval Research FX We thank scientists and crew members aboard the R.V. Oceanus; G. Cauchon-Voyer, C. Juneau, R. Mompin, J. Boisvert, B. Carkin and K. Orzech for their help during laboratory work; and the U. S. Office of Naval Research for financial support. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-6511-8 J9 ADV NAT TECH HAZ RES PY 2007 VL 27 BP 221 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-6512-5_23 PG 2 WC Engineering, Geological; Geology SC Engineering; Geology GA BGZ31 UT WOS:000251482900023 ER PT B AU Haeussler, PJ Lee, HJ Ryan, HF Labay, K Kayen, RE Hampton, MA Suleimani, E AF Haeussler, P. J. Lee, H. J. Ryan, H. F. Labay, K. Kayen, R. E. Hampton, M. A. Suleimani, E. BE Lykousis, V Sakellariou, D Locat, J TI Submarine slope failures near Seward, Alaska, during the M9.2 1964 earthquake SO SUBMARINE MASS MOVEMENTS AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES SE Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences CY OCT 01-03, 2007 CL Santorini, GREECE DE submarine landslides; 1964 earthquake; Alaska; multibeam bathymetry; tsunamis AB Following the 1964 M9.2 megathrust earthquake in southern Alaska, Seward was the only town hit by tsunamis generated from both submarine landslides and tectonic sources. Within 45 seconds of the start of the earthquake, a 1.2-km-long section of waterfront began sliding seaward, and soon after, similar to 6-8-m high waves inundated the town. Studies soon after the earthquake concluded that submarine landslides along the Seward waterfront generated the tsunamis that occurred immediately after the earthquake. We analyze pre- and post-earthquake bathymetry data to assess the location and extent of submarine mass failures and sediment transport. New NOAA multibeam bathymetry shows the morphology of the entire fjord at 15 m resolution. We also assembled all older soundings from smooth sheets for comparison to the multibeam dataset. We gridded the sounding data, applied corrections for coseismic subsidence, post-seismic rebound, unrecovered co-seismic subsidence, sea-level rise (vertical datum shift), and measurement errors. The difference grids show changes resulting from the 1964 earthquake. We estimate the total volume of slide material to be about 211 million m(3). Most of this material was transported to a deep, flat area, which we refer to as "the bathtub", about 6 to 13 km south of Seward. Sub-bottom profiling of the bathtub shows an acoustically transparent unit, which we interpret as a sediment flow deposit resulting from the submarine landslides. The scale of the submarine landslides and the distance over which sediment was transported is much larger than previously appreciated. C1 [Haeussler, P. J.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Lee, H. J.; Ryan, H. F.; Kayen, R. E.; Hampton, M. A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Labay, K.] Sci Applicat Int Corp SAIC, Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK USA. [Suleimani, E.] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Haeussler, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM pheuslr@usgs.gov OI Haeussler, Peter/0000-0002-1503-6247 NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-6511-8 J9 ADV NAT TECH HAZ RES PY 2007 VL 27 BP 269 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-6512-5_28 PG 3 WC Engineering, Geological; Geology SC Engineering; Geology GA BGZ31 UT WOS:000251482900028 ER PT B AU Lee, HJ Ryan, H Haeussler, PJ Kayen, RE Hampton, MA Locat, J Suleimani, E Alexander, CR AF Lee, H. J. Ryan, H. Haeussler, P. J. Kayen, R. E. Hampton, M. A. Locat, J. Suleimani, E. Alexander, C. R. BE Lykousis, V Sakellariou, D Locat, J TI Reassessment of seismically induced, tsunamigenic submarine slope failures in Port Valdez, Alaska, USA SO SUBMARINE MASS MOVEMENTS AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES SE Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences CY OCT 01-03, 2007 CL Santorini, GREECE DE submarine landslide; tsunami; Alaska; earthquake ID SEDIMENT ACCUMULATION; DEBRIS FLOW; LANDSLIDES; MARGIN; SEA AB The M9.2 Alaska earthquake of 1964 caused major damage to the port facilities and town of Valdez, most of it the result of submarine landslide and the consequent tsunamis. Recent bathymetric multibeam surveys, high-resolution subbottom profiles, and dated sediment cores in Port Valdez supply new information about the morphology and character of the landslide deposits. A comparison of pre- and post-earthquake bathymetry provides an estimate of the net volume of landslide debris deposited in the basin and the volume of sediment removed from the source region. Landslide features include (1) large blocks (up to 40-m high) near the location of the greatest tsunami-wave runup (similar to 50 m), (2) two debris lobes associated with the blocks, (3) a series of gullies, channels and talus, near the fjord-head delta and badly damaged old town of Valdez, and (4) the front of a debris lobe that flowed half-way down the fjord from the east end. A transparent unit, with a maximum thickness of 10 m, above the debris flow deposits in the deepest part of the fjord, likely represents a lower density sediment flow related to the other failure deposits. Calculations from the bathymetric difference map suggest a total net volume of displaced sediment on the order of 0.4 km(3). However, an integration of the volume of debris flow deposits (mapped according to their acoustic signature) indicates a gross volume of about 1 km(3), showing that the landslides incorporated significant additional sediment from the fjord floor into the debris flow as it moved. Despite the large volume of sediment failures in the eastern part of the fjord, smaller, but more coherent block failures in the western part appear to be the primary cause of the largest tsunamis that impacted the shorelines. C1 [Lee, H. J.; Ryan, H.; Kayen, R. E.; Hampton, M. A.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Haeussler, P. J.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Locat, J.] Univ Laval, Dept Geol & Geolog Engn, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. [Suleimani, E.] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Alexander, C. R.] Skidaway Inst Oceanograph, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. RP Lee, HJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. OI Haeussler, Peter/0000-0002-1503-6247 NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-6511-8 J9 ADV NAT TECH HAZ RES PY 2007 VL 27 BP 357 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-6512-5_37 PG 2 WC Engineering, Geological; Geology SC Engineering; Geology GA BGZ31 UT WOS:000251482900037 ER PT B AU Chaytor, JD Twichell, DC Ten Brink, US Buczkowski, BJ Andrews, BD AF Chaytor, J. D. Twichell, D. C. Ten Brink, U. S. Buczkowski, B. J. Andrews, B. D. BE Lykousis, V Sakellariou, D Locat, J TI Revisiting submarine mass movements along the US Atlantic continental margin: Implications for tsunami hazards SO SUBMARINE MASS MOVEMENTS AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES SE Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences CY OCT 01-03, 2007 CL Santorini, GREECE DE bathymetry; seismic reflection; side scan; sediments; Quaternary ID CHARACTER; SLOPE; SLIDE AB Interest in the generation of tsunamis by submarine mass movements has warranted a reassessment of their distribution and the nature of submarine landslides offshore of the eastern U.S. The recent acquisition and analysis of multibeam bathymetric data over most of this continental slope and rise provides clearer view into the extent and style of mass movements on this margin. Debris flows appear to be the dominant type of mass movement, although some translational slides have also been identified. Areas affected by mass movements range in size from less than 9 km(2) to greater than 15,200 km(2) and reach measured thicknesses of up to 70 m. Failures are seen to originate on either the open-slope or in submarine canyons. Slope-sourced failures are larger than canyon-sourced failures, suggesting they have a higher potential for tsunami generation although the volume of material displaced during individual failure events still needs to be refined. The slope-sourced failures are most common offshore of the northern, glaciated part of the coast, but others are found downslope of shelf-edge deltas and near salt diapirs, suggesting that several geological conditions control their distribution. C1 [Chaytor, J. D.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Twichell, D. C.; Ten Brink, U. S.; Buczkowski, B. J.; Andrews, B. D.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Chaytor, JD (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RI ten Brink, Uri/A-1258-2008; OI ten Brink, Uri/0000-0001-6858-3001; Andrews, Brian/0000-0003-1024-9400 FU U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission; U.S. Geological Survey FX We acknowledge the financial support of the U.S.Nuclear Regulatory Commission and U.S.Geological Survey.Thanks to Peter Lemmond of the WHOI for assistance with obtaining multibeam bathymetry.We appreciate the thorough and helpful reviews provided by Deborah Hutchinson and Carolyn Rupple. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-6511-8 J9 ADV NAT TECH HAZ RES PY 2007 VL 27 BP 395 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-6512-5_41 PG 3 WC Engineering, Geological; Geology SC Engineering; Geology GA BGZ31 UT WOS:000251482900041 ER PT S AU Singha, K Hyndman, DW Day-Lewis, FD AF Singha, Kamini Hyndman, David W. Day-Lewis, Frederick D. BE Hyndman, DW DayLewis, FD Singha, K TI Subsurface Hydrology: Data Integration for Properties and Processes INTRODUCTION SO SUBSURFACE HYDROLOGY: DATA INTEGRATION FOR PROPERTIES AND PROCESSES SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; INVERSE PROBLEM; HYDRAULIC-HEAD; FLOW; UNCERTAINTY; SIMULATION C1 [Singha, Kamini] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hyndman, David W.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Day-Lewis, Frederick D.] US Geol Survey, Off Ground Water, Bur Geophys, Storrs, CT USA. RP Singha, K (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Hyndman, David/G-1576-2010 NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-437-5 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2007 VL 171 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1029/171GM02 D2 10.1029/GM171 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology; Water Resources GA BOH59 UT WOS:000276666800001 ER PT S AU Marksamer, AJ Person, MA Day-Lewis, FD Lane, JW Cohen, D Dugan, B Kooi, H Willett, M AF Marksamer, Andee J. Person, Mark A. Day-Lewis, Frederick D. Lane, John W., Jr. Cohen, Denis Dugan, Brandon Kooi, Henk Willett, Mark BE Hyndman, DW DayLewis, FD Singha, K TI Integrating Geophysical, Hydrochemical, and Hydrologic Data to Understand the Freshwater Resources on Nantucket Island, Massachusetts SO SUBSURFACE HYDROLOGY: DATA INTEGRATION FOR PROPERTIES AND PROCESSES SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CANADA SEDIMENTARY BASIN; BENEATH ICE SHEETS; SEA-LEVEL-RISE; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; WESTERN CANADA; FLUID PRESSURE; UNITED-STATES; NEW-ENGLAND; GLACIATION AB In this study we integrate geophysical, hydrologic, and salinity data to understand the present-day and paleo-hydrology of the continental shelf near Nantucket Island, Massachusetts. Time-domain electromagnetic (TDEM) soundings collected across Nantucket and observed salinity profiles from wells indicate that the saltwater/freshwater interface is at least 120 m below sea-level in the northern and central portions of the island, far deeper than predicted (80 m) by modern sea-level conditions. TDEM soundings also indicate that higher salinity conditions exist on the southern end of the island. These findings suggest a relatively high-permeability environment. Paradoxically, a deep, scientific borehole (USGS 6001) on Nantucket Island, sampling Tertiary and Cretaceous aquifers, is over-pressured by about 0.08 MPa (8 m excess head), which is suggestive of a relatively low-permeability environment. We constructed a series of two-dimensional, cross-sectional models of the paleohydrology of the Atlantic continental shelf near Nantucket to understand the flushing history and source of overpressure within this marine environment. We considered two mechanisms for the emplacement of freshwater: (1) meteoric recharge during sea-level low stands; and (2) sub-ice-sheet and glacial-lake recharge during the last glacial maximum (LGM). Results indicate the sub-ice-sheet recharge from the Laurentide Ice Sheet was needed to account for the observed salinity/resistivity conditions and overpressures. Both TDEM soundings and model results indicate that a lateral transition from fresh to saltwater occurs near the southern terminus of the island due to ice sheet recharge. We also conclude that the overpressure beneath Nantucket represents, in part, "fossil pressure" associated with the LGM. C1 [Marksamer, Andee J.; Person, Mark A.; Cohen, Denis] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Kooi, Henk] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Dugan, Brandon] Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Houston, TX USA. [Day-Lewis, Frederick D.; Lane, John W., Jr.] US Geol Survey, WRD, Off Ground Water, Branch Geophys, Storrs, CT USA. [Willett, Mark] Wannacomet Water Co, Nantucket, MA USA. RP Marksamer, AJ (reprint author), Indiana Univ, 1001 E 10th St, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM amarksam@indiana.edu OI Day-Lewis, Frederick/0000-0003-3526-886X NR 64 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-437-5 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2007 VL 171 BP 143 EP 159 DI 10.1029/171GM12 D2 10.1029/GM171 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology; Water Resources GA BOH59 UT WOS:000276666800011 ER PT S AU Schultz, GM Ruppel, C Fulton, P AF Schultz, Gregory M. Ruppel, Carolyn Fulton, Patrick BE Hyndman, DW DayLewis, FD Singha, K TI Integrating Hydrologic and Geophysical Data to Constrain Coastal Surficial Aquifer Processes at Multiple Spatial and Temporal Scales SO SUBSURFACE HYDROLOGY: DATA INTEGRATION FOR PROPERTIES AND PROCESSES SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FRESH-WATER LENS; BARRIER-ISLAND; ELECTROMAGNETIC METHODS; WETLAND SEDIMENT; RESISTIVITY; TRANSPORT; ATOLL; HYDROGEOLOGY; VARIABILITY; INVERSION AB Since 1997, repeated, coincident geophysical surveys and extensive hydrologic studies in shallow monitoring wells have been used to study static and dynamic processes associated with surface water-groundwater interaction at a range of spatial scales at the estuarine and ocean boundaries of an undeveloped, permeable barrier island in the Georgia part of the U.S. South Atlantic Bight. Because geophysical and hydrologic data measure different parameters, at different resolution and precision, and over vastly different spatial scales, reconciling the coincident data or even combining complementary data sets has required a range of approaches. This study uses geophysical imaging and inversion, hydrogeochemical analyses and well-based groundwater monitoring, and, in some cases, limited vegetation mapping to demonstrate the utility of an integrative, multidisciplinary approach for elucidating groundwater processes at spatial scales (tens to thousands of meters) that are often difficult to capture with traditional hydrologic approaches. The case studies highlight regional aquifer characteristics, varying degrees of lateral saltwater intrusion at estuarine boundaries, complex subsurface salinity gradients at the ocean boundary, and imaging of submarsh groundwater discharge and possible free convection in the pore waters of a clastic marsh. This study also documents the use of geophysical techniques for detecting temporal changes in groundwater salinity regimes under natural (not forced) gradients at intratidal to interannual (1998-2000 Southeastern U.S.A. drought) time scales. C1 [Schultz, Gregory M.; Ruppel, Carolyn; Fulton, Patrick] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Ruppel, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM cruppel@usgs.gov OI Fulton, Patrick/0000-0002-6259-2369; Ruppel, Carolyn/0000-0003-2284-6632 NR 65 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-437-5 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2007 VL 171 BP 161 EP 182 DI 10.1029/171GM13 D2 10.1029/GM171 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology; Water Resources GA BOH59 UT WOS:000276666800012 ER PT S AU Shapiro, AM Hsieh, PA Burton, WC Walsh, GJ AF Shapiro, Allen M. Hsieh, Paul A. Burton, William C. Walsh, Gregory J. BE Hyndman, DW DayLewis, FD Singha, K TI Integrated Multi-Scale Characterization of Ground-Water Flow and Chemical Transport in Fractured Crystalline Rock at the Mirror Lake Site, New Hampshire SO SUBSURFACE HYDROLOGY: DATA INTEGRATION FOR PROPERTIES AND PROCESSES SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EFFECTIVE MATRIX DIFFUSION; GRANITIC ROCK; NEW-ENGLAND; SCALE; DISPERSION; AQUIFER; INTACT; TRANSMISSIVITY; PERMEABILITY; POROSITY AB Estimates of hydraulic conductivity and the effective diffusion coefficient were made in fractured crystalline rock in central New Hampshire over increasingly larger physical dimensions. The hydraulic conductivity of individual fractures ranged over more than six orders of magnitude. Over dimensions of approximately 100 meters, the bulk hydraulic conductivity is controlled by less transmissive fractures; the less transmissive fractures act as "bottlenecks" that impede ground-water flow. Over dimensions of several kilometers, the bulk hydraulic conductivity of the rock was again the same as the network of less transmissive fractures, indicating that there is no interconnected "backbone" of highly transmissive features over kilometers that increases the hydraulic conductivity over larger volumes of rock. In contrast, estimates of chemical diffusion from tracer experiments conducted in rock cores, in situ tests over tens of meters, and the interpretation of environmental tracers over kilometers increase as a function of the dimension of the experiment. Estimates of diffusion coefficients from cores were consistent with theoretical interpretations and were less than free-water diffusion coefficients. The wide range of fluid velocities in fractures, however, gives rise to elongated tails in the breakthrough curves of tracer tests conducted over tens of meters. Slow advection from the least transmissive fractures gives the appearance of a diffusive phenomenon. The effective diffusion coefficients resulting from slow advection were greater than free-water diffusion coefficients. The increase in the magnitude of the effective diffusion coefficient with the physical dimension is attributed to the increasing variability in the fluid velocity over larger physical dimensions. C1 [Shapiro, Allen M.; Burton, William C.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Hsieh, Paul A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Walsh, Gregory J.] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT USA. RP Shapiro, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,Mail Stop 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM ashapiro@usgs.gov NR 57 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-437-5 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2007 VL 171 BP 201 EP 225 DI 10.1029/171GM15 D2 10.1029/GM171 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology; Water Resources GA BOH59 UT WOS:000276666800014 ER PT S AU Singha, K Day-Lewis, FD Moysey, S AF Singha, Kamini Day-Lewis, Frederick D. Moysey, Stephen BE Hyndman, DW DayLewis, FD Singha, K TI Accounting for Tomographic Resolution in Estimating Hydrologic Properties from Geophysical Data SO SUBSURFACE HYDROLOGY: DATA INTEGRATION FOR PROPERTIES AND PROCESSES SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TRAVEL-TIME TOMOGRAPHY; ELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY TOMOGRAPHY; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; WATER-CONTENT; HETEROGENEOUS AQUIFERS; VARIATIONAL APPROACH; MULTIPHASE MATERIALS; SEISMIC DATA; PERMEABILITY; TRANSPORT AB Geophysical measurements increasingly are being used in hydrologic field studies because of their ability to provide high-resolution images of the subsurface. In particular, tomographic imaging methods can produce maps of physical property distributions that have significant potential to improve subsurface characterization and enhance monitoring of hydrologic processes. In the tomographic imaging approach, geophysical images of the subsurface are converted to hydrologic property maps using petrophysical relations. In field studies, this transformation is complicated because measurement sensitivity and averaging during data inversion result in tomographic images that have spatially variable resolution (i.e., the estimated property values in the geophysical image represent averages of the true subsurface properties). Standard approaches to petrophysics do not account for variable geophysical resolution, and thus it is difficult to obtain quantitative estimates of hydrologic properties. We compare two new approaches that account for variable geophysical resolution: a Random Field Averaging (RFA) method and Full Inverse Statistical Calibration (FISt). The RFA approach uses a semi-analytical method whereas FISt calibration is based on a numerical solution to the problem. C1 [Singha, Kamini] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Day-Lewis, Frederick D.] US Geol Survey, Off Ground Water, Branch Geophys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Moysey, Stephen] Clemson Univ, Sch Environm, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Singha, K (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, 311 Deike Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM ksingha@psu.edu; daylewis@usgs.gov; smoysey@clemson.edu RI Moysey, Stephen/H-4658-2012; OI Day-Lewis, Frederick/0000-0003-3526-886X NR 65 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-437-5 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2007 VL 171 BP 227 EP 241 DI 10.1029/171GM16 D2 10.1029/GM171 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology; Water Resources GA BOH59 UT WOS:000276666800015 ER PT S AU Saltus, RW Hudson, TL Wilson, FH AF Saltus, R. W. Hudson, T. L. Wilson, F. H. BE Ridgway, KD TI The geophysical character of southern Alaska-Implications for crustal evolution SO TECTONIC GROWTH OF A COLLISIONAL CONTINENTAL MARGIN: CRUSTAL EVOLUTION OF SOUTHERN ALASKA SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE magnetic anomalies; gravity anomalies; tectonics; crustal structure ID BORDER RANGES FAULT; COPPER RIVER-BASIN; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; CHUGACH MOUNTAINS; ISLAND-ARC; CONTINENTAL MARGIN; WANGANUI BASIN; TERRANES; WRANGELLIA; WASHINGTON AB The southern Alaska continental margin has undergone a long and complicated history of plate convergence, subduction, accretion, and margin-parallel displacements. The crustal character of this continental margin is discernible through combined analysis of aeromagnetic and gravity data with key constraints from previous seismic interpretation. Regional magnetic data are particularly useful in defining broad geophysical domains. One of these domains, the south Alaska magnetic high, is the focus of this study. It is an intense and continuous magnetic high up to 200 km wide and similar to 1500 km long extending from the Canadian border in the Wrangell Mountains west and southwest through Cook Inlet to the Bering Sea shelf. Crustal thickness beneath the south Alaska magnetic high is commonly 40-50 km. Gravity analysis indicates that the south Alaska magnetic high crust is dense. The south Alaska magnetic high spatially coincides with the Peninsular and Wrangellia terranes. The thick, dense, and magnetic character of this domain requires significant amounts of mafic rocks at intermediate to deep crustal levels. In Wrangellia these mafic rocks are likely to have been emplaced during Middle and (or) Late Triassic Nikolai Greenstone volcanism. In the Peninsular terrane, the most extensive period of mafic magmatism now known was associated with the Early Jurassic Talkeetna Formation volcanic arc. Thus the thick, dense, and magnetic character of the south Alaska magnetic high crust apparently developed as the response to mafic magmatism in both extensional (Wrangellia) and subduction- related arc (Peninsular terrane) settings. The south Alaska magnetic high is therefore a composite crustal feature. At least in Wrangellia, the crust was probably of average thickness (30 km) or greater prior to Triassic mafic magmatism. Up to 20 km (40%) of its present thickness may be due to the addition of Triassic mafic magmas. Throughout the south Alaska magnetic high, significant crustal growth was caused by the addition of mafic magmas at intermediate to deep crustal levels. C1 [Saltus, R. W.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Wilson, F. H.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Saltus, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 964, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 90 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2431-7 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2007 VL 431 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.1130/2007.2431(01) PG 20 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BMA45 UT WOS:000271661300002 ER PT S AU Glen, JMG Schmidt, J Pellerin, L McPhee, DK O'Neill, JM AF Glen, Jonathan M. G. Schmidt, Jeanine Pellerin, Louise McPhee, Darcy K. O'Neill, J. Michael BE Ridgway, KD TI Crustal structure of Wrangellia and adjacent terranes inferred from geophysical studies along a transect through the northern Talkeetna Mountains SO TECTONIC GROWTH OF A COLLISIONAL CONTINENTAL MARGIN: CRUSTAL EVOLUTION OF SOUTHERN ALASKA SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE south-central Alaska; Talkeetna Mountains; crustal structure; geophysical models; mineral resources; gravity; magnetics; magnetotellurics ID BASIN DEVELOPMENT; ALASKA RANGE; FAULT; ZONE; INVERSION; GRAVITY AB Recent investigations of the Talkeetna Mountains in south-central Alaska were undertaken to study the region's framework geophysics and to reinterpret structures and crustal composition. Potential field (gravity and magnetic) and magnetotelluric (MT) data were collected along northwest-trending profiles as part of the U. S. Geological Survey's Talkeetna Mountains transect project. The Talkeetna Mountains transect area comprises eight 1:63,360 quadrangles (similar to 9500 km(2)) in the Healy and Talkeetna Mountains 1 degrees x3 degrees sheets that span four major lithostratigraphic terranes (Glen et al., this volume) including the Wrangellia and Peninsular terranes and two Mesozoic overlap assemblages inboard (northwest) of Wrangellia. These data were used here to develop 21/2-dimensional models for the three profiles. Modeling results reveal prominent gravity, magnetic, and MT gradients (similar to 3.25 mGal/km, similar to 100nT/km, similar to 300 ohm-m/km) corresponding to the Talkeetna Suture Zone-a first-order crustal discontinuity in the deep crust that juxtaposes rocks with strongly contrasting rock properties. This discontinuity corresponds with the suture between relatively dense magnetic crust of Wrangellia (likely of oceanic composition) and relatively less dense transitional crust underlying Jurassic to Cretaceous flysch basins developed between Wrangellia and North America. Some area of the oceanic crust beneath Wrangellia may also have been underplated by mafic material during early to mid-Tertiary volcanism. The prominent crustal break underlies the Fog Lakes basin approximately where the Talkeetna thrust fault was previously mapped as a surface feature. Potential field and MT models, however, indicate that the Talkeetna Suture Zone crustal break along the transect is a deep (2-8 km), steeply west-dipping structure-not a shallow east-dipping Alpine nappe-like thrust. Indeed, most of the crustal breaks in the area appear to be steep in the geophysical data, which is consistent with regional geologic mapping that indicates that most of the faults are steep normal, reverse, strike-slip, or oblique-slip faults. Mapping further indicates that many of these features, which likely formed during Jurassic and Cretaceous time, such as the Talkeetna Suture Zone have reactivated in Tertiary time (O'Neill et al., 2005). C1 [Glen, Jonathan M. G.; McPhee, Darcy K.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Schmidt, Jeanine] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK USA. [Pellerin, Louise] Green Engn Inc, Anchorage, AK USA. [O'Neill, J. Michael] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Glen, JMG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 51 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2431-7 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2007 VL 431 BP 21 EP 41 DI 10.1130/2007.2431(02) PG 21 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BMA45 UT WOS:000271661300003 ER PT S AU Fisher, MA Pellerin, L Nokleberg, WJ Ratchkovski, NA Glen, JMG AF Fisher, Michael A. Pellerin, Louise Nokleberg, Warren J. Ratchkovski, Natalia A. Glen, Jonathan M. G. BE Ridgway, KD TI Crustal structure of the Alaska Range orogen and Denali fault along the Richardson Highway SO TECTONIC GROWTH OF A COLLISIONAL CONTINENTAL MARGIN: CRUSTAL EVOLUTION OF SOUTHERN ALASKA SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Alaska; crustal structure; Denali fault; Denali fault earthquake; Alaska Range ID YUKON-TANANA TERRANE; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; MAGNETOTELLURIC SURVEYS; OBLIQUE SUBDUCTION; BASIN DEVELOPMENT; AFTERSHOCK ZONE; EASTERN AB A suite of geophysical data obtained along the Richardson Highway crosses the eastern Alaska Range and Denali fault and reveals the crustal structure of the orogen. Strong seismic reflections from within the orogen north of the Denali fault dip as steeply as 25 degrees north and extend downward to depths between 20 and 25 km. These reflections reveal what is probably a shear zone that transects most of the crust and is part of a crustal-scale duplex structure that probably formed during the Late Cretaceous. These structures, however, appear to be relict because over the past 20 years, they have produced little or no seismicity despite the nearby Mw = 7.9 Denali fault earthquake that struck in 2002. The Denali fault is nonreflective, but we interpret modeled magnetotelluric (MT), gravity, and magnetic data to propose that the fault dips steeply to vertically. Modeling of MT data shows that aftershocks of the 2002 Denali fault earthquake occurred above a rock body that has low electrical resistivity (>10 ohm-m), which might signify the presence of fluids in the middle and lower crust. C1 [Fisher, Michael A.; Nokleberg, Warren J.; Glen, Jonathan M. G.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Pellerin, Louise] Green Engn Inc, Berkeley, CA 94702 USA. [Ratchkovski, Natalia A.] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Fisher, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2431-7 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2007 VL 431 BP 43 EP 53 DI 10.1130/2007.2431(03) PG 11 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BMA45 UT WOS:000271661300004 ER PT S AU Nokleberg, WJ Richter, DH AF Nokleberg, Warren J. Richter, Donald H. BE Ridgway, KD TI Origin of narrow terranes and adjacent major terranes occurring along the Denali fault in the Eastern and Central Alaska Range, Alaska SO TECTONIC GROWTH OF A COLLISIONAL CONTINENTAL MARGIN: CRUSTAL EVOLUTION OF SOUTHERN ALASKA SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Alaska; tectonics; terranes; accretion ID WRANGELLIA; SYSTEM; ZONE; DEFORMATION; QUADRANGLE; TECTONICS; ACCRETION; MOVEMENT; MACLAREN; FLYSCH AB Several narrow terranes occur along the Denali fault in the Eastern and Central Alaska Range in Southern Alaska. These terranes are the Aurora Peak, Cottonwood Creek, Maclaren, Pingston, and Windy terranes, and a terrane of ultramafic and associated rocks. Exterior to the narrow terranes to the south is the major Wrangellia island arc composite terrane, and to the north is the major Yukon-Tanana metamorphosed continental margin terrane. Overlying mainly the northern margin of the Wrangellia composite terrane are the Kahiltna overlap assemblage to the west, and the Gravina-Nutzotin-Gambier volcanic-plutonic-sedimentary belt to the east and southeast. The various narrow terranes are interpreted as the result of translation of fragments of larger terranes during two major tectonic events: (1) Late Jurassic to mid-Cretaceous accretion of the Wrangellia island arc composite terrane (or superterrane composed of the Wrangellia, Peninsular, and Alexander terranes) and associated subduction zone complexes; and (2) starting in about the Late Cretaceous, dextral transport of the Wrangellia composite terrane along the Denali fault. These two major tectonic events caused: (1) entrapment of a lens of oceanic lithosphere along the suture belt between the Wrangellia composite terrane and the North American Craton Margin and outboard accreted terranes to form the ultramafic and mafic part of the terrane of ultramafic and associated rocks, (2) subsequent dextral translation along the Denali fault of the terrane of ultramafic and associated rocks, (3) dextral translation along the Denali fault of the Aurora Peak, Cottonwood Creek, and Maclaren and continental margin arc terranes from part of the Coast plutonic-metamorphic complex (Coast-North Cascade plutonic belt) in the southwest Yukon Territory or Southeastern Alaska, (4) dextral translation along the Denali fault of the Pingston passive continental margin from a locus along the North American Continental Margin, and (5) formation and dextral transport along the Denali fault of the melange of the Windy terrane from fragments of the Gravina-Nutzotin-Gambier volcanic-plutonic-sedimentary belt and from the North American Continental Margin. C1 [Nokleberg, Warren J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Richter, Donald H.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Nokleberg, WJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 67 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2431-7 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2007 VL 431 BP 129 EP 154 DI 10.1130/2007.2431(06) PG 26 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BMA45 UT WOS:000271661300007 ER PT S AU Bradley, DC McClelland, WC Wooden, JL Till, AB Roeske, SM Miller, ML Karl, SM Abbott, JG AF Bradley, Dwight C. McClelland, William C. Wooden, Joseph L. Till, Alison B. Roeske, Sarah M. Miller, Marti L. Karl, Susan M. Abbott, J. Grant BE Ridgway, KD TI Detrital zircon geochronology of some Neoproterozoic to Triassic rocks in interior Alaska SO TECTONIC GROWTH OF A COLLISIONAL CONTINENTAL MARGIN: CRUSTAL EVOLUTION OF SOUTHERN ALASKA SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Alaska; detrital zircon geochronology; Farewell terrane; Yukon-Tanana terrane ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; U-PB AGES; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; TERRANE; EVOLUTION; COMPLEX; SYSTEM; RANGE; BASIN AB We report 777 U-Pb SHRIMP detrital zircon ages from thirteen sandstones and metasandstones in interior Alaska. About sixty grains per sample were analyzed; typically, half to three-fourths of these were concordant within +/- 10%. Farewell terrane. Two quartzites were collected from Ruby quadrangle and a third from Taylor Mountains quadrangle. All three are interpreted to represent a low stratigraphic level in the Nixon Fork platform succession; the samples from Ruby quadrangle are probably late Neoproterozoic, and the sample from Taylor Mountains quadrangle is probably Cambrian in age. The youngest detrital zircon in any of the three is 851 Ma. The two Ruby quadrangle samples area almost identical: one has a major age cluster at 1980-2087 and minor age clusters at 944-974 and 1366-1383 Ma; the other has a major age cluster at 1993-2095 Ma and minor age clusters at 912-946 and 1366-1395 Ma. The Taylor Mountains sample shows one dominant peak at 1914-2057 Ma. Notably absent are zircons in the range 1800-1900 Ma, which are typical of North American sources. The detrital zircon populations are consistent with paleontological evidence for a peri-Siberian position of the Farewell terrane during the early Paleozoic. Mystic subterrane of the Farewell terrane. Three graywackes from flysch of the Mystic subterrane, Talkeetna quadrangle, were sampled with the expectation that all three were Pennsylvanian. Asample from Pingston Creek is Triassic (as revealed by an interbedded ash dated at ca. 223 Ma) and is dominated by age clusters of 341-359 and 1804-1866 Ma, both consistent with a sediment source in the Yukon-Tanana terrane. Minor age clusters at 848-869 and 1992-2018 Ma could have been sourced in the older part of the Farewell terrane. Still other minor age clusters at 432-461, 620-657, 1509-1536, and 1627-1653 Ma are not readily linked to sources that are now nearby. Asample from Surprise Glacier is mid-Mississippian or younger. Adominant age cluster at 1855-1883 and a minor one at 361-367 Ma could have been sourced in the Yukon-Tanana terrane. Other age clusters at 335-336, 457-472, 510-583, and 1902-1930 have no obvious nearby source. A sample from Ripsnorter Creek is Silurian or younger. The dominant age cluster at 937-981 Ma and a minor one at 2047-2077 Ma could have been sourced in the Farewell terrane. Minor age clusters at 1885-1900 and 2719-2770 Ma could have been sourced in the Yukon-Tanana terrane. Other age clusters at 429-490, 524-555, 644-652, 1023-1057, 1131-1185, and 1436-1445 Ma have no obvious nearby source. The so-called Mystic subterrane is structurally complex and would appear to include more than one Phanerozoic turbidite succession; more mapping and detrital zircon geochronology are needed. Wickersham and Yukon-Tanana terranes. A grit from Wickersham terrane in Tanana quadrangle and a grit from Yukon-Tanana terrane in Talkeetna quadrangle have similar, exclusively Precambrian detrital zircon populations, supporting previous correlations. The Wickersham sample has major age clusters at 1776-1851 and 1930-1964 Ma, and the youngest grain is 1198 Ma. The Yukon-Tanana grit has a major age cluster at 1834-1867 Ma, and the youngest grain is 1789 Ma. A North American source has been previously proposed, and this seems likely based on detrital zircon data. Ruby terrane and Minook Complex. Detrital zircons from quartzites in the Ruby terrane show two quite different age patterns. Asample from the Bear Creek area of Tanana quadrangle has detrital zircon ages that are similar to those from the Wickersham and Yukon-Tanana grits. The dominant age clusters are 1823-1856 and 1887-1931 Ma. In contrast, a quartzite from nearby Senatis Mountain (Tanana quadrangle) yielded a completely different detrital zircon age spectrum, featuring a broad peak with no significant gaps from 1024 to 1499 Ma and a minor age cluster at 1671-1695 Ma. The youngest concordant zircon is 1024 +/- 6 Ma. Aquartzite from the Minook Complex, a sliver along the Victoria Creek strike-slip fault in Tanana quadrangle, is similar to the Senatis Mountain sample. Its detrital zircon population is dominated by grains between 1103 and 1499 Ma, with peaks within that range at 1161-1234 and 1410-1490 Ma; minor older age clusters are at 1643-1676, 1765-1781, and 1840-1874 Ma. The youngest concordant grain is 1103 +/- 6 Ma. Finally, a quartzite from Illinois Creek (Nulato quadrangle) at the extreme west end of the Ruby geanticline, previously assigned to the Ruby terrane, also has a detrital zircon age spectrum like that at Senatis Mountain. Mesoproterozoic zircons are predominant, with main age groups at 1329-1391 and 1439-1493 Ma and lesser ones at 1058-1072, 1184-1193, 1681-1692, and 1852-1879 Ma. The youngest concordant grain is 1058 +/- 33 Ma. These barcodes are dominated by Mesoproterozoic zircons that are strikingly similar in age to detrital zircons in Neoproterozoic Sequence B in northwestern Canada (and easternmost Alaska, where it equates to the lower Tindir Group). Among other rocks, the Ruby geanticline thus might include a shortened, metamorphosed, and offset continuation of this ancient North American basin, which was sourced in the Grenville orogen. Rampart Group, Angayucham-Tozitna terrane. The Rampart Group is thought to have been deposited in an ocean basin that closed during the Brookian Orogeny. Detrital zircons from graywacke of the Rampart Group are dominated by an age cluster at 380-404 Ma, with lesser ones at 351-364, 426-440, 484-504, 909-920, 1001-1020, 1127-1128, 1211-1217, and 1912-1953 Ma. The youngest grain is 260 +/- 1 Ma. The dominant 380-404 Ma age cluster can be reasonably linked to sources in Devonian plutons of the now-adjacent Brooks Range and Ruby terrane. C1 [Bradley, Dwight C.; Till, Alison B.; Miller, Marti L.; Karl, Susan M.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [McClelland, William C.] Univ Idaho, Dept Geol, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Wooden, Joseph L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Roeske, Sarah M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Abbott, J. Grant] Yukon Geol Survey, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 2C6, Canada. RP Bradley, DC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4200 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM dbradley@usgs.gov NR 55 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2431-7 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2007 VL 431 BP 155 EP 189 DI 10.1130/2007.2431(07) PG 35 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BMA45 UT WOS:000271661300008 ER PT S AU Till, AB Harris, AG Wardlaw, BR Mullen, M AF Till, Alison B. Harris, A. G. Wardlaw, Bruce R. Mullen, M. BE Ridgway, KD TI Upper Triassic continental margin strata of the central Alaska Range: Implications for paleogeographic reconstruction SO TECTONIC GROWTH OF A COLLISIONAL CONTINENTAL MARGIN: CRUSTAL EVOLUTION OF SOUTHERN ALASKA SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Triassic; Alaska; conodonts; continental margin; Yukon-Tanana terrane ID EAST-CENTRAL ALASKA; YUKON-TANANA TERRANE; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; BASIN; CONODONTS; UPLAND AB Remnants of a Late Triassic continental margin and ocean basin are scattered across central and southern Alaska. Little is known about the fundamental nature of the margin because most remnants have not been studied in detail and a protracted period of terrane accretion and margin-parallel translation has disrupted original stratigraphic and structural relationships. Three new conodont collections were recovered from a sequence of Upper Triassic calcareous sedimentary rocks in the central Alaska Range. One of the three localities is north of the Denali fault system in an area previously thought to be underlain by an uninterrupted sequence of metamorphic rocks of the parautochthonous Yukon-Tanana terrane. Structural relations in the immediate vicinity of this conodont locality indicate that mid-Cretaceous(?) thrust faulting imbricated Paleozoic metaigneous rocks with the Triassic sedimentary rocks. This may reflect a closer pre-Cretaceous relationship between the Yukon-Tanana terrane and Late Triassic shelf and slope deposits than previously appreciated. Reexamination of existing conodont collections from the central Alaska Range indicates that Upper Triassic marine slope and basin rocks range in age from at least as old as the late Carnian to the early middle Norian. The conodont assemblages typical of these rocks are generally cosmopolitan and do not define a distinct paleogeographic faunal realm. One collection, however, contains Epigondolella multidentata sensu Orchard 1991c, which appears to be restricted to western North American autochthonous rocks. Although paleogeographic relations cannot be determined with specificity, the present distribution of biofaces within the Upper Triassic sequence could not have been the result of simple accordion-style collapse of the Late Triassic margin. C1 [Till, Alison B.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Wardlaw, Bruce R.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Mullen, M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Till, AB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4200 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2431-7 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2007 VL 431 BP 191 EP 205 DI 10.1130/2007.2431(08) PG 15 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BMA45 UT WOS:000271661300009 ER PT S AU Miller, ML Bradley, DC Bundtzen, TK Blodgett, RB Pessagno, EA Tucker, RD Harris, AG AF Miller, Marti L. Bradley, Dwight C. Bundtzen, Thomas K. Blodgett, Robert B. Pessagno, Emile A., Jr. Tucker, Robert D. Harris, Anita G. BE Ridgway, KD TI The restricted Gemuk Group: A Triassic to Lower Cretaceous succession in southwestern Alaska SO TECTONIC GROWTH OF A COLLISIONAL CONTINENTAL MARGIN: CRUSTAL EVOLUTION OF SOUTHERN ALASKA SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Gemuk Group; Southwestern Alaska; Mesozoic stratigraphy; regional geology ID SUBDUCTION COMPLEX; CALIFORNIA AB New data from an Upper Triassic to Lower Cretaceous deep marine succession-the herein reinstated and restricted Gemuk Group-provide a vital piece of the puzzle for unraveling southwestern Alaska's tectonic history. First defined by Cady et al. in 1955, the Gemuk Group soon became a regional catchall unit that ended up as part of at least four different terranes. In this paper we provide the first new data in nearly half a century from the Gemuk Group in the original type area in Taylor Mountains quadrangle and from contiguous rocks to the north in Sleetmute quadrangle. Discontinuous exposure, hints of complex structure, the reconnaissance level of our mapping, and spotty age constraints together permit definition of only a rough stratigraphy. The restricted Gemuk Group is at least 2250 m thick, and could easily be at least twice as thick. The age range of the restricted Gemuk Group is tightened on the basis of ten radiolarian ages, two new bivalve ages, one conodont age, two U-Pb zircon ages on tuff, and U-Pb ages of 110 detrital zircons from two sandstones. The Triassic part of the restricted Gemuk Group, which consists of intermediate pillow lavas interbedded with siltstone, chert, and rare limestone, produced radiolarians, bivalves, and conodonts of Carnian and Norian ages. The Jurassic part appears to be mostly siltstone and chert, and yielded radiolarians of Hettangian-Sinemurian, Pliensbachian-Toarcian, and Oxfordian ages. Two tuffs near the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary record nearby arc volcanism: one at 146 Ma is interbedded with red and green siltstone, and a second at ca. 137 Ma is interbedded with graywacke turbidites. Graywacke appears to be the dominant rock type in the LowerCretaceous part of the restricted Gemuk Group. Detrital zircon analyses were performed on two sandstone samples using SHRIMP. One sandstone yielded a dominant age cluster of 133-180 Ma; the oldest grain is only 316 Ma. The second sample is dominated by zircons of 130-154 Ma; the oldest grain is 292 Ma. The youngest zircons are probably not much older than the sandstone itself. Point counts of restricted Gemuk Group sandstones yield average ratios of 24/29/47 for Q/F/L, 15/83/2 for Ls/Lv/Lm, and 41/48/11 for Qm/P/K. In the field, sandstones of the restricted Gemuk Group are not easily distinguished from sandstones of the overlying Upper Cretaceous turbidite-dominated Kuskokwim Group. Petrographically, however, the restricted Gemuk Group has modal K-feldspar, whereas the Kuskokwim Group generally does not ( average Qm/P/K of 64/36/0). Some K-feldspar-bearing graywacke that was previously mapped as Kuskokwim Group (Cady et al., 1955) is here reassigned to the restricted Gemuk Group. Major- and trace-element geochemistry of shales from the restricted Gemuk Group and the Kuskokwim Group show distinct differences. The chemical index of alteration ( CIA) is distinctly higher forshales of the Kuskokwim Group than for those of the restricted Gemuk Group, suggesting more intense weathering during deposition of the Kuskokwim Group. The restricted Gemuk Group represents an estimated 90-100 m.y. of deep-water sedimentation, first accompanied by submarine volcanism and later by nearby explosive arc activity. Two hypotheses are presented for the tectonic setting. One model that needs additional testing is that the restricted Gemuk Group consists of imbricated oceanic plate stratigraphy. Based on available information, our preferred model is that it was deposited in a back-arc, intra-arc, or forearc basin that was subsequently deformed. The terrane affinity of the restricted Gemuk Group is uncertain. The rocks of this area were formerly assigned to the Hagemeister subterrane of the Togiak terrane-a Late Triassic to Early Cretaceous arc-but our data show this to be a poor match. None of the other possibilities (e.g., Nukluk and Tikchik subterranes of the Goodnews terrane) is viable; hence, the terrane subdivision and distribution in southwestern Alaska may need to be revisited. The geologic history revealed by our study of the restricted Gemuk Group gives us a solid toehold in unraveling the Mesozoic paleogeography of this part of the northern Cordillera. C1 [Miller, Marti L.; Bradley, Dwight C.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Bundtzen, Thomas K.] Pacific Rim Geol Consulting, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Pessagno, Emile A., Jr.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dallas, TX 75230 USA. [Tucker, Robert D.] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO USA. [Harris, Anita G.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Miller, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4200 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2431-7 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2007 VL 431 BP 273 EP 305 DI 10.1130/2007.2431(12) PG 33 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BMA45 UT WOS:000271661300013 ER PT S AU Hampton, BA Ridgway, KD O'Neill, JM Gehrels, GE Schmidt, J Blodgett, RB AF Hampton, Brian A. Ridgway, Kenneth D. O'Neill, J. Michael Gehrels, George E. Schmidt, Jeanine Blodgett, Robert B. BE Ridgway, KD TI Pre-, syn-, and postcollisional stratigraphic framework and provenance of Upper Triassic-Upper Cretaceous strata in the northwestern Talkeetna Mountains, Alaska SO TECTONIC GROWTH OF A COLLISIONAL CONTINENTAL MARGIN: CRUSTAL EVOLUTION OF SOUTHERN ALASKA SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Talkeetna; Mesozoic; Stratigraphy; Wrangellia; Kahiltna ID EAST-CENTRAL ALASKA; STRIKE-SLIP TECTONICS; YUKON-TANANA TERRANE; SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA; BORDER RANGES FAULT; ALEXANDER TERRANE; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; AUGEN GNEISS; CANADIAN CORDILLERA; SOUTHWESTERN ALASKA AB Mesozoic strata of the northwestern Talkeetna Mountains are located in a regional suture zone between the allochthonous Wrangellia composite terrane and the former Mesozoic continental margin of North America (i.e., the Yukon-Tanana terrane). New geologic mapping, measured stratigraphic sections, and provenance data define a distinct three-part stratigraphy for these strata. The lowermost unit is greater than 290 m thick and consists of Upper Triassic-Lower Jurassic mafic lavas, fossiliferous limestone, and a volcaniclastic unit that collectively we informally refer to as the Honolulu Pass formation. The uppermost 75 m of the Honolulu Pass formation represent a condensed stratigraphic interval that records limited sedimentation over a period of up to ca. 25 m.y. during Early Jurassic time. The contact between the Honolulu Pass formation and the overlying Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous clastic marine strata of the Kahiltna assemblage represents a ca. 20 m.y. depositional hiatus that spans the Middle Jurassic and part of Late Jurassic time. The Kahiltna assemblage may to be up to 3000 m thick and contains detrital zircons that have a robust U-Pb peak probability age of 119.2 Ma (i.e., minimum crystallization age/maximum depositional age). These data suggest that the upper age of the Kahiltna assemblage may be a minimum of 10-15 m.y. younger than the previously reported upper age of Valanginian. Sandstone composition (Q-43% F-30% L-27%-Lv-71% Lm-18% Ls-11%) and U-Pb detrital zircon ages suggest that the Kahiltna assemblage received igneous detritus mainly from the active Chisana arc, remnant Chitina and Talkeetna arcs, and Permian-Triassic plutons (Alexander terrane) of the Wrangellia composite terrane. Other sources of detritus for the Kahiltna assemblage were Upper Triassic-Lower Jurassic plutons of the Taylor Mountains batholith and Devonian-Mississippian plutons; both of these source areas are part of the Yukon-Tanana terrane. The Kahiltna assemblage is overlain by previously unrecognized nonmarine strata informally referred to here as the Caribou Pass formation. This unit is at least 250 m thick and has been tentatively assigned an Albian-Cenomanian-to-younger age based on limited palynomorphs and fossil leaves. Sandstone composition (Q-65% F-9% L-26%-Lv-28% Lm-52% Ls-20%) from this unit suggests a quartz-rich metamorphic source terrane that we interpret as having been the Yukon-Tanana terrane. Collectively, provenance data indicate that there was a fundamental shift from mainly arc-related sediment derivation from sources located south of the study area during Jurassic-Early Cretaceous (Aptian) time (Kahiltna assemblage) to mainly continental margin-derived sediment from sources located north and east of the study area by Albian-Cenomanian time (Caribou Pass formation). We interpret the three-part stratigraphy defined for the northwestern Talkeetna Mountains to represent pre-(the Honolulu Pass formation), syn-(the Kahiltna assemblage), and post-(the Caribou Pass formation) collision of the Wrangellia composite terrane with the Mesozoic continental margin. A similar Mesozoic stratigraphy appears to exist in other parts of south-central and southwestern Alaska along the suture zone based on previous regional mapping studies. New geologic mapping utilizing the three-part stratigraphy interprets the northwestern Talkeetna Mountains as consisting of two northwest-verging thrust sheets. Our structural interpretation is that of more localized thrust-fault imbrication of the three-part stratigraphy in contrast to previous interpretations f nappe emplacement or terrane translation that require large-scale displacements. C1 [Hampton, Brian A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Ridgway, Kenneth D.] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [O'Neill, J. Michael] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Gehrels, George E.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Schmidt, Jeanine; Blodgett, Robert B.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Hampton, BA (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM bhampton@msu.edu NR 101 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2431-7 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2007 VL 431 BP 401 EP 438 DI 10.1130/2007.2431(16) PG 38 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BMA45 UT WOS:000271661300017 ER PT S AU Glen, JMG Schmidt, J Morin, R AF Glen, Jonathan M. G. Schmidt, Jeanine Morin, Robert BE Ridgway, KD TI Gravity and magnetic character of south-central Alaska: Constraints on geologic and tectonic interpretations, and implications for mineral exploration SO TECTONIC GROWTH OF A COLLISIONAL CONTINENTAL MARGIN: CRUSTAL EVOLUTION OF SOUTHERN ALASKA SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE south-central Alaska; crustal structure; mineral resources; geophysics; gravity; magnetics; terrane ID SUTURE ZONE; FAULT; ARC AB Recent gravity and aeromagnetic investigations of the Talkeetna Mountains of south-central Alaska (61.5-63.75 degrees N, 145-151 degrees W) were undertaken to study the region's framework geophysics and to reinterpret crustal structures and composition. Aeromagnetic data for this study were compiled from 13 available regional- and local-scale surveys. Over 400 new gravity stations were collected along 12 profiles in the study area and combined with 3286 existing regional data. These data are brought together here with current stratigraphic, lithogeochemical, structural, isotopic, and paleontologic findings to bear on the tectonics and metallogeny of south- central Alaska, and in particular to: (1) help understand the regional tectonic character of south- central Alaska, especially related to the development of the southern Alaska orocline; (2) to determine the structural relationships between tectono-stratigraphic terranes (including Kahiltna, Wrangellia, and Peninsular terranes, as well as smaller terranes such as Susitna, Broad Pass, and Maclaren); (3) to understand the character of major faults; and (4) to develop a geophysically based regional mineral assessment for the Talkeetna Mountains and surrounding region that identifies the locations, size, and depth of buried sources of important potential mineral targets such as ultramafic units associated with feeder zones to the Triassic Nikolai Greenstone flood basalt. Within the Talkeetna Mountains region, we interpret four regional-scale domains, with internally consistent geophysical character, that mostly correspond with previously defined tectonostratigraphic terranes. These include a Wrangellia domain, a restricted Peninsular domain, and two domains within the Mesozoic overlap assemblage north of Wrangellia. At the broadest scale, potential field data suggest that a large block of the Talkeetna Mountains consists of relatively dense magnetic crust, likely of oceanic-crustal composition (corresponding with Wrangellia and Peninsular terranes) that may also have been underplated by mafic material during early to middle Tertiary volcanism. At the NW edge of this block lies a prominent gravity and magnetic gradient (similar to 3.25 mGal/km, similar to 100 nT/km) that forms a NE-trending first-order crustal discontinuity between dense late Paleozoic to Cretaceous Wrangellia crust and low-density Jurassic to Cretaceous flysch to the northwest. Potential field models indicate this crustal break is a deep (>10 km), steeply dipping structure-not a shallow-dipping thrust as previously thought. Confined to a narrow zone of a few tens of kilometers situated along this boundary is a belt of Nikolai Greenstone and related rocks that carry a distinct geophysical signature that allows for assessing their size and distribution. A zone of transitional crust, located between Wrangellia and North America, is cut by several northeast-trending structures that may have been reactivated in Tertiary time, perhaps accommodating combined thrust and dextral strike-slip motion due to the westward escape of crust during and since Tertiary oroclinal bending. Due to the geophysical contrast of continental North American crust and Wrangellia's oceanic crust, slivers of Wrangellia's margin can be seen offset, along the Talkeetna fault zone, from interior Wrangellia, perhaps allowing an estimate of the magnitude of strike-slip displacement. The Mesozoic flysch northwest of this crustal break is distributed over two distinct geophysical domains that we interpret as a southeast domain underlain by transitional crust and a northwest domain rooted by continental crust. We infer this to reflect two different depositional basins, consistent with recent sediment provenance studies that demonstrate that two distinct subbasins, one to the northwest and one to the southeast, received their sediments from continental North America's Mesozoic margin and from Wrangellia, respectively. C1 [Glen, Jonathan M. G.; Morin, Robert] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Schmidt, Jeanine] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Glen, JMG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 87 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2431-7 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2007 VL 431 BP 593 EP 622 DI 10.1130/2007.2431(23) PG 30 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BMA45 UT WOS:000271661300024 ER PT S AU Schmidt, JM Rogers, RK AF Schmidt, J. M. Rogers, R. K. BE Ridgway, KD TI Metallogeny of the Nikolai large igneous province (LIP) in southern Alaska and its influence on the mineral potential of the Talkeetna Mountains SO TECTONIC GROWTH OF A COLLISIONAL CONTINENTAL MARGIN: CRUSTAL EVOLUTION OF SOUTHERN ALASKA SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE mineral deposit; Talkeetna Mountains; metallogeny; Wrangella; ultramafic; magmatic sulfide; Kennecott; Norilsk ID MIDCONTINENT RIFT SYSTEM; WRANGELLIA FLOOD-BASALT; VANCOUVER ISLAND; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; NORTH-AMERICA; MANTLE PLUMES; DEPOSIT; COPPER; PALEOMAGNETISM; GENESIS AB Recent geologic mapping has identified areas of extrusive basalts of the Middle to Late Triassic Nikolai Greenstone within the Wrangellia terrane that extend at least 80 km southwest of their previously known extent. Abundant dolerite sills of similar composition intrude Paleozoic and Mesozoic stratigraphy below the Nikolai throughout the central Talkeetna Mountains. The Talkeetna Mountains, therefore, have newly identified potential for copper, nickel, and platinum-group elements (PGEs) as disseminated, net-textured, or massive magmatic sulfide deposits hosted in mafic and ultramafic sill-form complexes related to emplacement of the Nikolai. Because of their potential high grades, similar magmatic sulfide targets have been the focus of increasing mineral exploration activity over the last decade in the Amphitheater Mountains and central Alaska Range, 100-200 km to the northeast. The Nikolai Greenstone, associated intrusions, and their metamorphosed equivalents also have potential to host stratabound disseminated "basaltic copper" deposits. Sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks overlying the Nikolai have the potential to host stratabound, disseminated, or massive "reduced-facies" type Cu-Ag deposits. Ultramafic rocks have been identified only in the extreme northeastern Talkeetna Mountains to date. However, coincident gravity and magnetic highs along the leading (northwestern) edge of and within Wrangellia in the Talkeetna and Clearwater Mountains suggest several areas that are highly prospective for ultramafic rocks related to extrusion of Nikolai lavas. In particular, the distribution, geometry, and composition of sills within the pre-Nikolai stratigraphy and the structural and tectonic controls on intrusive versus extrusive rock distribution deserve serious examination. C1 [Schmidt, J. M.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Schmidt, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4200 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NR 98 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2431-7 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2007 VL 431 BP 623 EP 648 DI 10.1130/2007.2431(24) PG 26 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BMA45 UT WOS:000271661300025 ER PT S AU Berger, BR AF Berger, B. R. BE Cunningham, WD Mann, P TI The 3D fault and vein architecture of strike-slip releasing- and restraining bends: evidence from volcanic-centre-related mineral deposits SO TECTONICS OF STRIKE-SLIP RESTRAINING AND RELEASING BENDS SE Geological Society Special Publication LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NEVADA; EVOLUTION AB High-temperature, volcanic-centre-related hydrothermal systems involve large fluid-flow volumes and are observed to have high discharge rates in the order of 100-400 kg/s. The flows and discharge occur predominantly on networks of critically stressed fractures. The coupling of hydrothermal fluid flow with deformation produces the volumes of veins found in epithermal mineral deposits. Owing to this coupling, veins provide information on the fault-fracture architecture in existence at the time of mineralization. They therefore provide information on the nature of deformation within fault zones, and the relations between different fault sets. The Virginia City and Goldfield mining districts, Nevada, were localized in zones of strike-slip transtension in an Early to Mid-Miocene volcanic belt along the western margin of North America. The Camp Douglas mining area occurs within the same belt, but is localized in a zone of strike-slip transpression. The vein systems in these districts record the spatial evolution of strike-slip extensional and contractional stepovers, as well as geometry of faulting in and adjacent to points along strike-slip faults where displacement has been interrupted and transferred into releasing and restraining stepovers. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Berger, BR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr MS 964, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM bberger@usgs.gov NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0305-8719 BN 978-1-86239-238-0 J9 GEOL SOC SPEC PUBL JI Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. PY 2007 VL 290 BP 447 EP 471 DI 10.1144/SP290.18 PG 25 WC Geology SC Geology GA BJP42 UT WOS:000266960600018 ER PT J AU Pickart, AJ Barbour, MG AF Pickart, Andrea J. Barbour, Michael G. BE Barbour, MG KeelerWolf, T Schoenherr, AA TI Beach and Dune SO TERRESTRIAL VEGETATION OF CALIFORNIA, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GRASSES AMMOPHILA-ARENARIA; CARPOBROTUS SPP. AIZOACEAE; REYES NATIONAL SEASHORE; LUPINE LUPINUS-ARBOREUS; PLANT CAKILE-MARITIMA; SOIL-BORNE PATHOGENS; COASTAL SAND DUNES; BUSH LUPINE; PRODUCTIVITY RELATIONS; FRAGARIA-CHILOENSIS C1 [Pickart, Andrea J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arcata, CA USA. [Barbour, Michael G.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Pickart, AJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arcata, CA USA. NR 218 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-52093-336-1 PY 2007 BP 155 EP 179 PG 25 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BXG63 UT WOS:000296083200007 ER PT J AU Keeley, JE Davis, FW AF Keeley, Jon E. Davis, Frank W. BE Barbour, MG KeelerWolf, T Schoenherr, AA TI Chaparral SO TERRESTRIAL VEGETATION OF CALIFORNIA, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COASTAL SAGE SCRUB; POSTFIRE SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT; MEDITERRANEAN-CLIMATE SHRUBLANDS; FIRE SUPPRESSION IMPACTS; PLANT-SPECIES DIVERSITY; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; NONSPROUTING CEANOTHUS; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; SIERRA-NEVADA C1 [Keeley, Jon E.] USGS, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Three Rivers, CA USA. [Keeley, Jon E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Davis, Frank W.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Donald Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Keeley, JE (reprint author), USGS, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Three Rivers, CA USA. RI Davis, Frank/B-7010-2009 OI Davis, Frank/0000-0002-4643-5718 NR 166 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 18 U2 57 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-52093-336-1 PY 2007 BP 339 EP 366 PG 28 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BXG63 UT WOS:000296083200014 ER PT J AU Fites-Kaufman, JA Rundel, P Stephenson, N Weixelman, DA AF Fites-Kaufman, Jo Ann Rundel, Phil Stephenson, Nathan Weixelman, Dave A. BE Barbour, MG KeelerWolf, T Schoenherr, AA TI Montane and Subalpine Vegetation of the Sierra Nevada and Cascade Ranges SO TERRESTRIAL VEGETATION OF CALIFORNIA, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID VOLCANIC-NATIONAL-PARK; MIXED-CONIFER FORESTS; PINE PINUS-BALFOURIANA; LAKE TAHOE BASIN; GIANT SEQUOIA GROVES; FIRE REGIMES; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; SOUTHERN CASCADES; WHITEBARK-PINE; LODGEPOLE PINE C1 [Fites-Kaufman, Jo Ann; Weixelman, Dave A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Nevada City, CA USA. [Rundel, Phil] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Stephenson, Nathan] US Geol Survey, Three Rivers, CA USA. RP Fites-Kaufman, JA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Nevada City, CA USA. NR 261 TC 55 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 11 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-52093-336-1 PY 2007 BP 456 EP 501 PG 46 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BXG63 UT WOS:000296083200018 ER PT J AU Welsh, SA Smith, DR Laney, RW Tipton, RC AF Welsh, Stuart A. Smith, David R. Laney, R. Wilson Tipton, Ronald C. TI Tag-based estimates of annual fishing mortality of a mixed Atlantic coastal stock of striped bass SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MODEL SELECTION; SURVIVAL AB Tag-based estimates of annual survival and fishing mortality rates supplement annual stock assessments of migratory striped bass Morone saxatilis in the interjurisdictional fishery along the Atlantic coast. We estimated a 17-year time series of annual survival and fishing mortality (F) rates for striped bass (> 711 mm) tagged during winter trawl studies (1988-2004) off the coasts of North Carolina and Virginia. The geographic and temporal distributions of tag recoveries were consistent with published patterns of striped bass migration and indicated that this southern overwintering aggregate of striped bass is composed of mixed stocks. Incremental increases in bias-adjusted annual fishing mortality rates (from 0.00-0.26) and decreases in the proportion of fish released alive (from 0.762-0.198) coincided with periods of regulatory change during the 17-year time frame. Our estimates of F fall below the current management triggers and should be considered along with other estimates of F within the striped bass management process. C1 US Geol Survey, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, S Atlantic Fisheries Coordinat Off, Raleigh, NC 27636 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Maryland Fisheries Resources Off, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Welsh, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM swelsh@wvu.edu NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 136 IS 1 BP 34 EP 42 DI 10.1577/T05-319.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 137SQ UT WOS:000244312900004 ER PT J AU Pine, WE Kwak, TJ Rice, JA AF Pine, William E., III Kwak, Thomas J. Rice, James A. TI Modeling management scenarios and the effects of an introduced apex predator on a coastal riverine fish community SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FLATHEAD CATFISH; FOOD-CONSUMPTION; UNITED-STATES; POPULATIONS; INVASIONS; GROWTH; WATER; BASS AB The flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris, a carnivorous fish species native to most of the central interior basin of North America, has been introduced into at least 13 U.S. states and 1 Canadian province. Concurrent declines in abundance of native fishes have been reported in aquatic systems where flathead catfish have been introduced. To evaluate the potential impact of this invasive species on the native fish community we developed an ecosystem simulation model (including flathead catfish) based on empirical data collected from a North Carolina coastal river. The model results suggest that flathead catfish suppress native fish community biomass by 5-50% through both predatory and competitive interactions. However, our model suggests these reductions could be mitigated through sustained exploitation of flathead catfish by recreational or commercial fishers at rates equivalent to those for native flathead catfish populations (annual exploitation = 6-25%). These findings demonstrate the potential for using directed harvest of an invasive species to assist in restoring native communities. C1 N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Pine, WE (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Fisheries & Aquat Sci, 7922 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM billpine@ufl.edu NR 50 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 136 IS 1 BP 105 EP 120 DI 10.1577/T05-249.1 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 137SQ UT WOS:000244312900010 ER PT J AU Baldigo, BP Lawrence, G Simonin, H AF Baldigo, Barry P. Lawrence, Gregory Simonin, Howard TI Persistent mortality of brook trout in episodically acidified streams of the southwestern Adirondack Mountains, New York SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; FISH POPULATIONS; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; NORTH BRANCH; MOOSE RIVER; ACIDIFICATION; DEPOSITION; TOXICITY; ALUMINUM; BIOASSAYS AB Water chemistry, discharge, and mortality of caged brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis were characterized in six headwater streams in the southwestern Adirondack Mountains of New York during spring 2001-2003. Results were compared with mortality recorded during similar tests during 1984-1985, 1988-1990, and 1997 to assess contemporary relations between stream acidification and brook trout mortality, the effects of exposure duration on mortality, and the effects of decreased rates of acidic deposition on water quality and fish mortality. Water quality and mortality of caged, young-of-the-year brook trout were evaluated during 30-d exposure periods from mid-April to late May during the most recent tests. In 2001-2003, mortality ranged from 0% to 100% and varied among streams and years, depending on the timing of toxicity tests in relation to the annual snowmelt and on the ability of each watershed to neutralize acids and prevent acutely toxic concentrations of inorganic monomeric aluminum (Al-im) during high-flow events. Mortality rates in 2001-2003 tests were highly variable but similar to those observed during earlier tests. This similarity suggests that stream water quality in the southwestern Adirondack Mountains has not changed appreciably over the past 20 years. Concentrations of Al-im greater than 2.0 and 4.0 mu mol/L were closely correlated with low and high mortality rates, respectively, and accounted for 83% of the variation in mortality. Two to four days of exposure to Al-im. concentrations greater than 4.0 mu mol/L resulted in 50-100% mortality. The extended periods (as long as 6 months) during which Al-im concentrations exceeded 2.0 and 4.0 mu mol/L in one or more streams, combined with the low tolerance of many other fish species to acid and elevated Al-im concentrations, streams of the indicate a high potential for damage to fish communities in these and other poorly buffered Northeast. C1 US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Troy, NY 12180 USA. New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Rome Field Stn, Rome, NY 13440 USA. RP Baldigo, BP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM bbaldigo@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 136 IS 1 BP 121 EP 134 DI 10.1577/T06-043.1 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 137SQ UT WOS:000244312900011 ER PT J AU Stetter, SLP Thomson, JLS Rudstam, LG Parrish, DL Sullivan, PJ AF Stetter, Sandra L. Parker Thomson, Jennifer L. Stritzel Rudstam, Lars G. Parrish, Donna L. Sullivan, Patrick J. TI Importance and predictability of cannibalism in rainbow smelt SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OSMERUS-MORDAX; LAKE CHAMPLAIN; PREDATION RISK; ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITIES; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; ERIE; ONTARIO; OVERLAP; RECRUITMENT; WALLEYE AB Cannibalism is a key interaction between young of year (age-0) and older fish in many freshwater ecosystems. Density and spatial overlap between age-groups often drive cannibalism. Because both density and overlap can be quantified, the magnitude of cannibalism may be predictable. Our study considered cannibalism in rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax in Lake Champlain (New York-Vermont, United States, and Quebec, Canada). We used acoustic estimates of the density and distribution of age-0 and yearling-and-older (age-1+) rainbow smelt to predict cannibalism in the diets of age-1+ fish during 2001 and 2002. Experienced density, a measure combining density and spatial overlap, was the strongest predictor (R-2 = 0.89) of the proportion of cannibals in the age-1+ population. Neither spatial niche overlap (R-2 = 0.04) nor age-0 density (R-2 = 0.30) alone was a good predictor of cannibalism. Cannibalism among age-1+ rainbow smelt was highest in June, lowest in July, and high in September owing to differences in thermal stratification and habitat shifts by age-0 fish. Between July and September, age-1+ rainbow smelt consumed 0.1-11% of the age-0 population each day. This resulted in a 38-93% mortality of age-0 fish due to cannibalism. These estimated mortality rates did not differ significantly from observed declines in age-0 rainbow smelt abundances between sampling dates. Age-1+ rainbow smelt are probably the primary predators on age-0 rainbow smelt during the summer and early fall in Lake Champlain. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Biol Field Stn, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA. Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP Stetter, SLP (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM slps@u.washington.edu NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 136 IS 1 BP 227 EP 237 DI 10.1577/T05-280.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 137SQ UT WOS:000244312900020 ER PT J AU Gresswell, RE Hendricks, SR AF Gresswell, Robert E. Hendricks, Steven R. TI Population-scale movement of coastal cutthroat trout in a naturally isolated stream network SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE ATLANTIC SALMON; LARGE WOODY DEBRIS; BROWN TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKI; RESTRICTED MOVEMENT; HABITAT USE; TRUTTA-L; RIVER; SUMMER; FISHES AB To identify population-scale patterns of movement, coastal cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii tagged and marked (35 radio-tagged, 749 passive integrated transponder [PIT]-tagged, and 3,025 fin-clipped) were monitored from June 1999 to August 2000. The study watershed, located in western Oregon, was above a natural barrier to upstream movement. Emigration out of the watershed was estimated with a rotating fish trap. Approximately 70% of recaptured coastal cutthroat trout with PIT tags and 86% of those with radio tags moved predominantly at the channel-unit scale (2-95 m); fewer tagged fish moved at the reach scale (66-734 m) and segment scale (229-3,479 m). In general, movement was greatest in April as spawning peaked and lowest in October. when discharge was at its lowest. Only 63 (< 1% of tagged and marked fish) coastal cutthroat trout were captured in the fish trap. Trap efficiency was about 33%, and the expanded estimate of emigrants between February and June was 173 fish. These results suggest that unit-scale movement is common throughout the year and that reach- and segment-scale movements are important during the winter and spring. Although movement in headwater streams is most common at the channel-unit scale, restoration of individual channel units of stream may not benefit the population at the watershed scale unless these activities are undertaken in the context of the greater whole. Individual coastal cutthroat trout move great distances, even within the small watersheds in the Oregon Coast Range, and although these movements may be infrequent, they may contribute substantially to recolonization after stochastic extirpation events (e.g., landslides and debris flows). Management strategies that focus on maintaining and restoring connectivity in a watershed represent an important step toward protecting the evolutionary capacity of stream salmonids. C1 US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Gresswell, RE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 1648 S 7th Ave, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM bgresswell@usgs.gov NR 57 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 136 IS 1 BP 238 EP 253 DI 10.1577/T05-196.1 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 137SQ UT WOS:000244312900021 ER PT J AU Jia, X Swancar, A Jacobs, JA Dukes, MD Morgan, K AF Jia, X. Swancar, A. Jacobs, J. A. Dukes, M. D. Morgan, K. TI Comparison of evapotranspiration rates for flatwoods and ridge citrus SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Argicultural-and-Biological-Engineers CY NOV 09-12, 2005 CL Univ Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI SP Amer Soc Arg & Biol Engineers HO Univ Wisconsin-Madison DE citrus; crop coefficient; eddy correlation; evapotranspiration; flatwoods; ridge ID WEIGHING LYSIMETERS; ENERGY-BALANCE; HEAT; EVAPORATION; FLORIDA; FLUXES; ROUGHNESS; ORCHARD; CLIMATE; TREES AB Florida citrus groves are typically grown in two regions of the state: flatwoods and ridge. The southern flatwoods citrus area has poorly drained fine textured sands with low organic matter in the shallow root zone. Ridge citrus is located in the northern ridge citrus zone and has fine to coarse textured sands with low water-holding capacity. Two commercial citrus groves, selected from each region, were studied from 15 July 2004 to 14 July 2005. The flatwoods citrus (FC) grove had a grass cover and used drainage ditches to remove excess water from the root zone. The ridge citrus (RC) grove had a bare soil surface with weeds periodically eliminated by tillage. Citrus crop evapotranspiration (ETc) rates at the two citrus groves were measured by the eddy correlation method, and components in the energy balance were also examined and compared. The study period had higher than average rainfall, and as a result, the two locations had similar annual ETc rates (1069 and 1044 mm for RC and FC, respectively). The ETc rates were 59% (RC) and 47% (FC) of the rainfall amounts during the study period. The annual reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) rates were 1180 mm for RC and 1419 mm for FC, estimated using the standardized reference evapotranspiration equation. The citrus crop coefficients (K-c, ratio of ETc to ETo) were different between the two locations because of differences in latitude, ground cover, and rainfall amounts. The K, values ranged from 0.70 between December and March to 1.05 between July and November for RC, and from 0.65 between November and May to 0.85 between June and October for FC. The results are consistent with other K-c values reported from field studies on citrus in both Florida and elsewhere using these and alternate methods. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. US Geol Survey, Hydrol, Tampa, FL USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Civil Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, SW florida Res & Educ Ctr, Immokalee, FL 32611 USA. RP Jia, X (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, 259 Frazier Rogers Hall,POB 110570, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM jxinhua@ufl.edu OI Dukes, Michael/0000-0002-9340-5968 NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 50 IS 1 BP 83 EP 94 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 156NP UT WOS:000245656500009 ER PT B AU Street, RA Cameron, AC Maxted, P Bouchy, F Hebrard, G Fleenor, M Gillon, M Loeillet, B Moutou, C Queloz, D Udry, S AF Street, R. A. Cameron, A. Collier Maxted, P. Bouchy, F. Hebrard, G. Fleenor, M. Gillon, M. Loeillet, B. Moutou, C. Queloz, D. Udry, S. CA WASP Consortium BE Afonso, C Weldrake, D Henning, T TI First results from SuperWASP SO TRANSITING EXTRASOLAR PLANETS WORKSHOP SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Transiting Extrasolar Planets Workshop CY SEP 25-28, 2006 CL Max Planck Inst Astron, Heidelberg, GERMANY HO Max Planck Inst Astron ID PLANETS; STARS AB We present a summary of the first results from the SuperWASP survey, including the detection of two new transiting exoplanets. We summarize our candidate selection procedure and the process by which we eliminated many false positives prior to radial velocity observations carried out with the Sophie spectrograph at the Observatoire de Haute-Provence. These data confirmed the discovery of two new transiting hot Jupiters, while rejecting 23 other targets. The two confirmed planets, WASP-1b & WASP-2b, respectively orbit F7V and K1V host stars with periods of 2.52 days and 2.15 days. The mass of WASP-1b is constrained to the range 0.80-0.98 M-Jup and the planet appears to be 'bloated' with a radius of at least 1.33 R-Jup. WASP-2b has a mass between 0.81-0.95 M-Jup and a radius in the range 0.65-1.26 R-Jup. C1 [Street, R. A.] Queens Univ Belfast, Astrophys Res Ctr, Sch Math & Phys, Main Phys Bldg,Univ Rd, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. [Cameron, A. Collier] Univ St Andrews, Dept Phys & Astron, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. [Maxted, P.; WASP Consortium] Keele Univ, Sch Chem & Phys, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. [Bouchy, F.; Hebrard, G.] Univ Paris 06, Inst Astrophys, F-75014 Paris, France. [Fleenor, M.] Volunteer Observ, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Street, RA (reprint author), Queens Univ Belfast, Astrophys Res Ctr, Sch Math & Phys, Main Phys Bldg,Univ Rd, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation FX y Funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-583812-34-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 366 BP 139 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGJ12 UT WOS:000247385200026 ER PT J AU Benedict, ST Deshpande, N Aziz, NM AF Benedict, Stephen T. Deshpande, Nikhil Aziz, Nadim M. TI Evaluation of abutment scour prediction equations with field data SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article AB The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with FHWA, compared predicted abutment scour depths, computed with selected predictive equations, with field observations collected at 144 bridges in South Carolina and at eight bridges from the National Bridge Scour Database. Predictive equations published in the 4th edition of Evaluating Scour at Bridges (Hydraulic Engineering Circular 18) were used in this comparison, including the original Froehlich, the modified Froehlich, the Sturm, the Maryland, and the HIRE equations. The comparisons showed that most equations tended to provide conservative estimates of scour that at times were excessive (as large as 158 11). Equations also produced under-predictions of scour, but with less frequency. Although the equations provide an important resource for evaluating abutment scour at bridges, the results of this investigation show the importance of using engineering judgment in conjunction with these equations. C1 [Benedict, Stephen T.] US Geol Survey, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. [Deshpande, Nikhil] Rinker Design Assoc, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. [Aziz, Nadim M.] Clemson Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Benedict, ST (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 405 Coll Ave,Suite 200, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. EM benedict@usgs.gov NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 J9 TRANSP RES RECORD JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2007 IS 2025 BP 118 EP 126 DI 10.3141/2025-12 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 263RG UT WOS:000253233600012 ER PT S AU McDougal, RR Wirt, L AF McDougal, Robert R. Wirt, Laurie BE DeGraff, JV TI Characterizing infiltration through a mine-waste dump using electrical geophysical and tracer-injection methods, Clear Creek County, Colorado SO UNDERSTANDING AND RESPONDING TO HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES AT MINE SITES IN THE WESTERN UNITED STATES SE Reviews in Engineering Geology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Waldorf mine; geophysics; tracer study; ground water AB Infiltration of surface water through mine waste can be an important or even dominant source of contaminants in a watershed. The Waldorf mine site in Clear Creek County, Colorado, is typical of tens of thousands of small mines and prospects on public lands throughout the United States. In this study, electromagnetic (EM) conductivity and direct current (dc) resistivity surveys were conducted in tandem with a NaCl tracer study to delineate ground-water flow paths through a mine-waste dump and adjacent wetland area. The tracer was used to tag adit water infiltrating from braided channels flowing over the top of the dump to seeps at the base of the dump. Infiltration from the braided channels had a maximum flow rate of 92 m/day and a hydraulic conductivity of 1.6 x 10(4) cm(3)/s. After rerouting of adit flow around the waste dump, discharge at some of the largest seeps was reduced, although not all seepage was eliminated entirely. Integrating results of the tracer study with those of the EM and dc geophysical surveys revealed two main flow paths of ground water, one beneath the dump and one through the dump. The main source of water to the first flow path is deeper ground water emerging from the fault zone beneath the collapsed adit. This flow path travels beneath the waste dump and appears to have been unaffected by rerouting of the adit discharge around the waste dump. The source of the second flow path is infiltration of adit water from braided channels flowing over the top of the dump, which is intermediate in depth and flows through the center of the waste dump. Following rerouting of adit flow, discharge to seeps at the toe of the dump along this flow path was reduced by as much as two-thirds, although not eliminated entirely. Improved understanding of ground-water flow paths through this abandoned mine site is important in developing effective remediation strategies to target sources of metals emanating from the adit, waste dump, and contaminated wetland area. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. C1 [McDougal, Robert R.; Wirt, Laurie] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP McDougal, RR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0080-2018 BN 978-0-8137-4117-8 J9 REV ENG GEOL PY 2007 VL 17 BP 9 EP 24 DI 10.1130/2007.4017(02) PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BLY33 UT WOS:000271427300003 ER PT S AU Smith, KS AF Smith, Kathleen S. BE DeGraff, JV TI Strategies to predict metal mobility in surficial mining environments SO UNDERSTANDING AND RESPONDING TO HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES AT MINE SITES IN THE WESTERN UNITED STATES SE Reviews in Engineering Geology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE metals; transport; speciation; prediction; bioavailability ID BIOTIC LIGAND MODEL; ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS QICARS; ECOLOGICAL RISK-ASSESSMENT; ACID SULFATE WATERS; SOFT ACIDS; BINDING CHARACTERISTICS; ACUTE TOXICITY; MINE DRAINAGE; BASES HSAB; BIOAVAILABILITY AB This report presents some strategies to predict metal mobility at mining sites. These strategies are based on chemical, physical, and geochemical information about metals and their interactions with the environment. An overview of conceptual models, metal sources, and relative mobility of metals under different geochemical conditions is presented, followed by a discussion of some important physical and chemical properties of metals that affect their mobility, bioavailability, and toxicity. The physical and chemical properties lead into a discussion of the importance of the chemical speciation of metals. Finally, environmental and geochemical processes and geochemical barriers that affect metal speciation are discussed. Some additional concepts and applications are briefly presented at the end of this report. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Smith, KS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 964D, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM ksmith@usgs.gov NR 123 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0080-2018 BN 978-0-8137-4117-8 J9 REV ENG GEOL PY 2007 VL 17 BP 25 EP 44 DI 10.1130/2007.4017(03) PG 20 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BLY33 UT WOS:000271427300004 ER PT S AU Church, SE Owen, JR von Guerard, P Verplanck, PL Kimball, BA Yager, DB AF Church, Stanley E. Owen, J. Robert von Guerard, Paul Verplanck, Philip L. Kimball, Briant A. Yager, Douglas B. BE DeGraff, JV TI The effects of acidic mine drainage from historical mines in the Animas River watershed, San Juan County, Colorado-What is being done and what can be done to improve water quality? SO UNDERSTANDING AND RESPONDING TO HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES AT MINE SITES IN THE WESTERN UNITED STATES SE Reviews in Engineering Geology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE acid mine drainage; watershed impacts; historical mining; environmental effects; remediation ID MOUNTAINS AB Historical production of metals in the western United States has left a legacy of acidic drainage and toxic metals in many mountain watersheds that are a potential threat to human and ecosystem health. Studies of the effects of historical mining on surface water chemistry and riparian habitat in the Animas River watershed have shown that cost-effective remediation of mine sites must be carefully planned. Of the more than 5400 mine, mill, and prospect sites in the watershed, similar to 80 sites account for more than 90% of the metal loads to the surface drainages. Much of the low pH water and some of the metal loads are the result of weathering of hydrothermally altered rock that has not been disturbed by historical mining. Some stream reaches in areas underlain by hydrothermally altered rock contained no aquatic life prior to mining. Scientific studies of the processes and metal-release pathways are necessary to develop effective remediation strategies, particularly in watersheds where there is little land available to build mine-waste repositories. Characterization of mine waste, development of runoff profiles, and evaluation of ground-water pathways all require rigorous study and are expensive upfront costs that land managers find difficult to justify. Tracer studies of water quality provide a detailed spatial analysis of processes affecting surface- and ground-water chemistry. Reactive transport models were used in conjunction with the best state-of-the-art engineering solutions to make informed and cost-effective remediation decisions. Remediation of 23% of the high-priority sites identified in the watershed has resulted in steady improvement in water quality. More than $12 million, most contributed by private entities, has been spent on remediation in the Animas River watershed. The recovery curve for aquatic life in the Animas River system will require further documentation and long-term monitoring to evaluate the effectiveness of remediation projects implemented. C1 [Church, Stanley E.; Verplanck, Philip L.; Yager, Douglas B.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Owen, J. Robert] Animas River Stakeholders Grp, Durango, CO 81301 USA. [von Guerard, Paul] US Geol Survey, Grand Junction, CO 81506 USA. [Kimball, Briant A.] US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. RP Church, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046,MS973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 77 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0080-2018 BN 978-0-8137-4117-8 J9 REV ENG GEOL PY 2007 VL 17 BP 47 EP 83 DI 10.1130/2007.4017(04) PG 37 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BLY33 UT WOS:000271427300005 ER PT S AU Fey, DL Wirt, L AF Fey, David L. Wirt, Laurie BE DeGraff, JV TI Mining-impacted sources of metal loading to an alpine stream based on a tracer-injection study, Clear Creek County, Colorado SO UNDERSTANDING AND RESPONDING TO HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES AT MINE SITES IN THE WESTERN UNITED STATES SE Reviews in Engineering Geology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE metal loading; tracer injection; remediation; toxicity; aquatic life AB Base flow water in Leavenworth Creek, a tributary to South Clear Creek in Clear Creek County, Colorado, contains copper and zinc at levels toxic to aquatic life. The metals are predominantly derived from the historical Waldorf mine, and sources include an adit, a mine-waste dump, and mill-tailings deposits. Tracer-injection and water-chemistry synoptic studies were conducted during low-flow conditions to quantify metal loads of mining-impacted inflows and their relative contributions to nearby Leavenworth Creek. During the 2-year investigation, the adit was rerouted in an attempt to reduce metal loading to the stream. During the first year, a lithium-bromide tracer was injected continuously into the stream to achieve steady-state conditions prior to synoptic sampling. Synoptic samples were collected from Leavenworth Creek and from discrete surface inflows. One year later, synoptic sampling was repeated at selected sites to evaluate whether rerouting of the adit flow had improved water quality. The largest sources of copper and zinc to the creek were from surface inflows from the adit, diffuse inflows from wetland areas, and leaching of dispersed mill tailings. Major instream processes included mixing between mining- and non-mining-impacted waters and the attenuation of iron, aluminum, manganese, and other metals by precipitation or sorption. One year after the rerouting, the Zn and Cu loads in Leavenworth Creek from the adit discharge versus those from leaching of a large volume of dispersed mill tailings were approximately equal to, if not greater than, those before. The mine-waste dump does not appear to be a major source of metal loading. Any improvement that may have resulted from the elimination of adit flow across the dump was masked by higher adit discharge attributed to a larger snow pack. Although many mine remediation activities commonly proceed without prior scientific studies to identify the sources and pathways of metal transport, such strategies do not always translate to water-quality improvements in the stream. Assessment of sources and pathways to gain better understanding of the system is a necessary investment in the outcome of any successful remediation strategy. C1 [Fey, David L.; Wirt, Laurie] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Fey, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0080-2018 BN 978-0-8137-4117-8 J9 REV ENG GEOL PY 2007 VL 17 BP 85 EP 103 DI 10.1130/2007.4017(05) PG 19 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BLY33 UT WOS:000271427300006 ER PT S AU McLemore, VT Smith, KS Russell, CC AF McLemore, Virginia T. Smith, Kathleen S. Russell, Carol C. BE DeGraff, JV TI Sampling and monitoring for closure SO UNDERSTANDING AND RESPONDING TO HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES AT MINE SITES IN THE WESTERN UNITED STATES SE Reviews in Engineering Geology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE mine-life cycle; mine closure; mine drainage AB An important aspect of planning a new mine or mine expansion within the modern regulatory framework is to design for ultimate closure. Sampling and monitoring for closure is a form of environmental risk management. By implementing a sampling and monitoring program early in the life of the mining operation, major costs can be avoided or minimized. The costs for treating mine drainage in perpetuity are staggering, especially if they are unanticipated. The Metal Mining Sector of the Acid Drainage Technology Initiative (ADTI-MMS), a cooperative government-industry-academia organization, was established to address drainage-quality technologies of metal mining and metallurgical operations. ADTI-MMS recommends that sampling and monitoring programs consider the entire mine-life cycle and that data needed for closure of an operation be collected from exploration through postclosure. C1 [McLemore, Virginia T.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, New Mexico Bur Geol & Mineral Resources, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Smith, Kathleen S.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Russell, Carol C.] US EPA, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP McLemore, VT (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, New Mexico Bur Geol & Mineral Resources, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM ginger@gis.nmt.edu; ksmith@usgs.gov; russell.carol@epa.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0080-2018 BN 978-0-8137-4117-8 J9 REV ENG GEOL PY 2007 VL 17 BP 171 EP 180 DI 10.1130/2007.4017(11) PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BLY33 UT WOS:000271427300012 ER PT J AU Garmestani, AS Allen, CR Gallagher, CM Mittelstaedt, JD AF Garmestani, Ahjond S. Allen, Craig R. Gallagher, Colin M. Mittelstaedt, John D. TI Departures from gibrat's law, discontinuities and city size distributions SO URBAN STUDIES LA English DT Article ID AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES; URBAN LANDSCAPE; US CITIES; ZIPFS LAW; GROWTH; EVOLUTION; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS; MODEL; HIERARCHY AB Cities are complex, self-organising, evolving systems and the emergent patterns they manifest provide insight into the dynamic processes in urban systems. This article analyses city size distributions, by decade, from the south-eastern region of the US for the years 1860-1990. It determines if the distributions are clustered into size classes and documents changes in the pattern of size classes over time. A statistical hypothesis test was also performed to detect dependence between city size and growth using discrete probability calculations under the assumption of Gibrat's law. The city size distributions for the south-eastern region of the US were discontinuous, with cities clustering into distinct size classes. The analysis also identified departures from Gibrat's law, indicating variable growth rates at different scales. C1 Clemson Univ, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Program Policy Studies, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Univ Nebraska, USGS Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Program Policy Studies, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Math Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Marketing, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Garmestani, AS (reprint author), Clemson Univ, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, G27 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM agarmes@clemson.edu; callen3@unl.edu; cgallag@clemson.edu; jmittel@clemson.edu NR 53 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0042-0980 J9 URBAN STUD JI Urban Stud. PY 2007 VL 44 IS 10 BP 1997 EP 2007 DI 10.1080/00420980701471935 PG 11 WC Environmental Studies; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Urban Studies GA 209VW UT WOS:000249417100008 ER PT J AU Fortin, JK Farley, SD Rode, KD Robbins, CT AF Fortin, Jennifer K. Farley, Sean D. Rode, Karyn D. Robbins, Charles T. TI Dietary and spatial overlap between sympatric ursids relative to salmon use SO URSUS LA English DT Article DE American black bear; brown bear; diet; fruit; salmon; stable isotopes; Ursus americanus; Ursus arctos ID ALASKAN BROWN BEARS; BLACK BEARS; STABLE-ISOTOPES; GRIZZLY BEARS; MICROHISTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS; QUANTITATIVE-EVALUATION; MIXING MODELS; POPULATIONS; DNA; IDENTIFICATION AB We hypothesized that there would be minimal dietary overlap between sympatric brown bears (Ursus arctos) and American black bears (U. americallus) relative to salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) utilization when alternative foods (e.g., fruits) are abundant. To maximize the chance that we would reject this hypothesis, we examined the diets of brown and black bears known to have visited salmon streams. Species, sex, and individual identification of bears visiting salmon streams were determined by DNA analysis of hair and feces collected in 20022004 along those streams. Diets were estimated from fecal residues and stable isotope analyses of hair. Assimilated diets of brown bears were 66.0% (SD = 16.7%) salmon, 13.9% (SD = 7.5%) terrestrial animal matter, and 20.1% (SD = 17.2%) plant matter. Assimilated diets of black bears were 8.0% (SD = 5.4%) salmon, 8.4% (SD = 9.7%) terrestrial animal matter, and 83.6% (SD = 7.7%) plant matter. Male and female brown bears did not differ in either the proportion of dietary salmon, terrestrial animal matter, or plant matter. The relative amounts of fruit residues in the feces of brown bears (87.0%, SD = 15.2%) and black bears (91.8%, SD = 7.2%) did not differ. Both sexes of brown bears visited salmon streams and consumed significant amounts of salmon, but only mate American black bears visited streams and then consumed minimal amounts of salmon. Thus, brown bears were largely carnivorous and black bears were largely herbivorous and frugivorous. This reduced dietary overlap relative to salmon and fruit use is understandable in light of the concentrated, defendable nature of salmon in small streams, the widely dispersed, non-defendable nature of abundant fruits, the dominance of brown over black bears, the higher energy requirement of the larger brown bear, and, therefore, the differing ability of the species to efficiently exploit different food resources. C1 Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marine Mammals Management, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Fortin, JK (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM jfortin@wsu.edu NR 55 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 27 PU INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR BEAR RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT (IBA) PI KNOXVILLE PA UNIV, TENNESSEE, 274 ELLINGTON HALL, KNOXVILLE, TN 379996 USA SN 1537-6176 J9 URSUS JI Ursus PY 2007 VL 18 IS 1 BP 19 EP 29 DI 10.2192/1537-6176(2007)18[19:DASOBS]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 177QU UT WOS:000247168400002 ER PT J AU Hristienko, H McDonald, JE AF Hristienko, Hank McDonald, John E., Jr. TI Going into the 21(st) century: a perspective on trends and controversies in the management of the American black bear SO URSUS LA English DT Article DE American black bear; animal care; animal rights; baiting; dogs; human-bear conflict; lethal and non-lethal control; management; pets; population estimate; spring hunt; trap-and-transport; Ursus americanus ID MODEL; FOOD AB We surveyed 52 jurisdictions across continental North America to gather comparative information on management strategies for American black bear (Ursus americanus) for the late 1980s and the start of the 21(st) century. Specifically, we asked about: population estimates and targets, harvest objectives and hunting methods (spring hunt, use of bait, use of dogs), hunter and harvest data, and trends in human-bear conflicts. Most population estimates were derived through a subjective process of extrapolation and expert opinion and were used as the basis for adjusting management practices. In 17 jurisdictions that had spring hunts, estimated black bear populations increased by 6%, compared to a 51% increase in the 21 jurisdictions with fall-only seasons. Estimated populations increased by 87% in the 14 jurisdictions without hunting seasons. Another 10 jurisdictions had reports of occasional transient bears but no resident population. Jurisdictions with liberal hunting regimes tended to maintain human-bear conflict at stable levels, whereas those with more restrictive regimes appeared to experience a growing trend. We suggest that the goal of management should be to balance the goals of maintaining viable black bear populations, safeguarding human welfare and property, and satisfying the needs of stakeholders in a cost-effective manner. Hunting and proactive education and awareness programs are keys to achieving that balance. By setting appropriate harvest objectives and hunting methods to regulate the density and distribution of black bears, in conjunction with measures to deter bears from associating people and dwellings with food, agencies should be better able to manage for human-bear conflict in the 2l't century. C1 Manitoba Conservat, Winnipeg, MB R3J 3W3, Canada. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Hadley, MA 01035 USA. RP Hristienko, H (reprint author), Manitoba Conservat, Box 24,200 Saulteaux Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3J 3W3, Canada. EM hank.hristienko@gov.mb.ca; john_e_mcdonald@fws.gov NR 68 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 33 PU INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR BEAR RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT (IBA) PI KNOXVILLE PA UNIV, TENNESSEE, 274 ELLINGTON HALL, KNOXVILLE, TN 379996 USA SN 1537-6176 J9 URSUS JI Ursus PY 2007 VL 18 IS 1 BP 72 EP 88 DI 10.2192/1537-6176(2007)18[72:GITSCA]2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 177QU UT WOS:000247168400008 ER PT J AU Harris, RB White, GC Schwartz, CC Haroldson, MA AF Harris, Richard B. White, Gary C. Schwartz, Charles C. Haroldson, Mark A. TI Population growth of Yellowstone grizzly bears: uncertainty and future monitoring SO URSUS LA English DT Article DE correlation; grizzly bear; lambda; model selection; population growth; population projection; trend monitoring; uncertainty; Ursus arctos; Yellowstone ID OF-THE-YEAR; FINDING CONFIDENCE-LIMITS; SURVIVAL RATES; FEMALES; ECOSYSTEM; NUMBERS; SIZE AB Grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem of the US Rocky Mountains have recently increased in numbers, but remain vulnerable due to isolation from other populations and predicted reductions in favored food resources. Harris et al. (2006) projected how this population might fare in the future under alternative survival rates, and in doing so estimated the rate of population growth, 1983-2002. We address issues that remain from that earlier work: (1) the degree of uncertainty surrounding our estimates of the rate of population change (lambda); (2) the effect of correlation among demographic parameters on these estimates; and (3) how a future monitoring system using counts of females accompanied by cubs might usefully differentiate between short-term, expected, and inconsequential fluctuations versus a true change in system state. We used Monte Carlo re-sampling of beta distributions derived from the demographic parameters used by Harris et al. (2006) to derive distributions of X during 1983-2002 given our sampling uncertainty. Approximate 95% confidence intervals were 0.972-1.096 (assuming females with unresolved fates died) and 1.008-1.115 (with unresolved females censored at last contact). We used well-supported models of Haroldson et al. (2006) and Schwartz et al. (2006a,b,c) to assess the strength of correlations among demographic processes and the effect of omitting them in projection models. Incorporating correlations among demographic parameters yielded point estimates of lambda that were nearly identical to those from the earlier model that omitted correlations, but yielded wider confidence intervals surrounding lambda. Finally, we suggest that fitting linear and quadratic curves to the trend suggested by the estimated number of females with cubs in the ecosystem, and using AIC(c) model weights to infer population sizes and lambda provides an objective means to monitoring approximate population trajectories in addition to demographic analysis. C1 [Harris, Richard B.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [White, Gary C.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fis Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Schwartz, Charles C.; Haroldson, Mark A.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Harris, RB (reprint author), Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM rharris@montana.com; gwhite@cnr.colostate.edu; chuck_schwartz@usgs.gov; mark_haroldson@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 27 PU INT ASSOC BEAR RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT-IBA PI KNOXVILLE PA UNIV, TENNESSEE, 274 ELLINGTON HALL, KNOXVILLE, TN 379996 USA SN 1537-6176 J9 URSUS JI Ursus PY 2007 VL 18 IS 2 BP 168 EP 178 DI 10.2192/1537-6176(2007)18[168:PGOYGB]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 243CQ UT WOS:000251772900004 ER PT J AU Tredick, CA Vaughan, MR Stauffer, DF Simek, SL Eason, T AF Tredick, Catherine A. Vaughan, Michael R. Stauffer, Dean F. Simek, Stephanie L. Eason, Thomas TI Sub-sampling genetic data to estimate black bear population size: a case study SO URSUS LA English DT Article DE American black bear; budget constraints; noninvasive genetic sampling; population estimates; sub-sampling; Ursus atnericanus ID GRIZZLY BEARS; MICROSATELLITE ANALYSIS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; DNA; CAPTURE; HAIR; GENOTYPES; CANADA AB Costs for genetic analysis of hair samples collected for individual identification of bears average approximately US$50 [2004] per sample. This can easily exceed budgetary allowances for large-scale studies or studies of high-density bear populations. We used 2 genetic datasets from 2 areas in the southeastern United States to explore how reducing costs of analysis by sub-sampling affected precision and accuracy of resulting population estimates. We used several sub-sampling scenarios to create subsets of the full datasets and compared summary statistics, population estimates, and precision of estimates generated from these subsets to estimates generated from the complete datasets. Our results suggested that bias and precision of estimates improved as the proportion of total samples used increased, and heterogeneity models (e.g., M-h[CHAOJ]) were more robust to reduced sample sizes than other models (e.g., behavior models). We recommend that only high-quality samples (>5 hair follicles) be used when budgets are constrained, and efforts should be made to maximize capture and recapture rates in the field. C1 [Tredick, Catherine A.; Stauffer, Dean F.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Vaughan, Michael R.] US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fis & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Simek, Stephanie L.; Eason, Thomas] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. RP Tredick, CA (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM ctredick@vt.edu NR 31 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU INT ASSOC BEAR RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT-IBA PI KNOXVILLE PA C/O TERRY WHITE, UNIV TENNESSEE, DEPT FORESTRY, WILDLIFE & FISHERIES, PO BOX 1071, KNOXVILLE, TN 37901-1071 USA SN 1537-6176 EI 1938-5439 J9 URSUS JI Ursus PY 2007 VL 18 IS 2 BP 179 EP 188 DI 10.2192/1537-6176(2007)18[179:SGDTEB]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 243CQ UT WOS:000251772900005 ER PT S AU Muller, F Jones, KB Krauze, K Li, BL Victorov, S Petrosillo, I Zurlini, G Kepner, WG AF Mueller, Felix Jones, K. Bruce Krauze, Kinga Li, Bai-Lian Victorov, Sergey Petrosillo, Irene Zurlini, Giovanni Kepner, William G. BE Petrosillo, I Muller, F Jones, KB Zurlini, G Krauze, K Victorov, S Li, BL Kepner, WG TI CONTRIBUTIONS OF LANDSCAPE SCIENCES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY SO USE OF LANDSCAPE SCIENCES FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Mueller, Felix] Univ Kiel, Ctr Ecol, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. [Jones, K. Bruce] USGS Headquarters, Reston, VA USA. [Krauze, Kinga] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Hyrol, Lodsch, Poland. [Li, Bai-Lian] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Ecol Complex & Modeling Lab, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Victorov, Sergey] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Methods Geol, St Petersburg 196140, Russia. [Petrosillo, Irene; Zurlini, Giovanni] Univ Salento, Lab Landscape Ecol, Dept Biol & Environm Sci & Technol, Lecce, Italy. [Kepner, William G.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Muller, F (reprint author), Univ Kiel, Ctr Ecol, Olshaussenstr 75, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. EM fmueller@ecology.uni-kiel.de; fmueller@ecology.uni-kiel.de NR 36 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-1-4020-6594-1 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2007 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-6594-1_1 D2 10.1007/978-1-4020-6594-1 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BKZ33 UT WOS:000269674900002 ER PT S AU Jones, KB AF Jones, K. Bruce BE Petrosillo, I Muller, F Jones, KB Zurlini, G Krauze, K Victorov, S Li, BL Kepner, WG TI INTRODUCTION INTEGRATED STUDIES OF CATCHMENTS AND BASINS SO USE OF LANDSCAPE SCIENCES FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 US Geol Survey, Geog Discipline, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Jones, KB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geog Discipline, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-1-4020-6594-1 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2007 BP 175 EP 176 D2 10.1007/978-1-4020-6594-1 PG 2 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BKZ33 UT WOS:000269674900017 ER PT S AU Jones, KB Hamann, S Nash, MS Neale, AC Kepner, WG Wade, TG Walker, J Muller, F Zurlini, G Zaccarelli, N Jongman, R Nedkov, S Knight, CG AF Jones, K. Bruce Hamann, Sharon Nash, Maliha S. Neale, Annie C. Kepner, William G. Wade, Timothy G. Walker, Joe Mueller, Felix Zurlini, Giovanni Zaccarelli, Nicola Jongman, Rob Nedkov, Stoyan Knight, C. Gregory BE Petrosillo, I Muller, F Jones, KB Zurlini, G Krauze, K Victorov, S Li, BL Kepner, WG TI CROSS-EUROPEAN LANDSCAPE ANALYSES: ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES USING EXISTING SPATIAL DATA SO USE OF LANDSCAPE SCIENCES FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Landscape metrics; European landscape analysis; integrated analysis; catchments; goods and services ID MID-ATLANTIC REGION; LAND-USE CHANGE; INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; MULTIPLE SCALES; INFORMATION-SYSTEM; NUTRIENT CRITERIA; RIVER-BASINS; PATTERNS; MODEL AB Thirty-nine landscape metrics related to (1) conditions of terrestrial habitat, water quality, and ecosystem productivity, (2) potential pressures on or stresses to environmental resources, and (3) changes in conditions, were generated for Europe from existing spatial data. The core land cover data used were available at resolution scales of 1 km (International Geosphere Biosphere Program or IGBP) and 100 m (Corine). These core data were used to calculate landscape metrics on water catchments (average area of approximately 2,500 km(2) for 1,888 catchments) and on 64 km(2) areas to capture finer-scale patterns. We also calculated the same metrics using finer-scale landscape data on the Yantra River Basin of north-central Bulgaria, permitting a comparison to broader-scale results from across Europe. We found that data to calculate all of the metrics did not exist for all of Europe and this resulted in analysis of two different spatial extents of Europe and different mixes of metrics in the landscape analyses. The Corine data set did not cover all of Europe but where it existed it was available for the approximate periods of 1990 and 2000. Greenness (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index or NDVI) estimates were available for all of Europe for approximately the same time period (19922003), but at a resolution scale of 64 km(2). These data sets in total offered an opportunity to compare results for the different metric sets used, and different spatial scales and changes in values between sample times. The results showed some differences in several key metrics between the different data sets but that it was possible to map areas with regards to relative condition with reasonable agreement. As expected the 64 km(2) analysis units showed greater detail and variation in landscape conditions and change than did catchments. However, the relatively course-scaled nature of the stream and river database for Europe precluded an analysis of riparian habitat conditions on the 64 km(2) areas. Overall changes in the landscape metric values between the 1990 and 2000 sample times were small, but there was considerable spatial variation in the amount of gain or loss. For example, relatively large percent gains in forests were observed in Spain, southern France, and in east-central Europe, whereas relatively large percent losses were observed in southwest France and western Spain. Forest change was inversely associated (from most to least important) with changes in shrubland, total agriculture, grassland, and urban land cover (p < 0.05). Agriculture lands were inversely (in decreasing order of importance) associated with changes in grassland, forest, shrubland, and urban land cover. However, because the Corine 1990 and 2000 databases were created from different methodologies, the change results must be interpreted with caution. On average, Europe became significantly greener between 1992 and 2003. Significant (p < 0.05) positive trends in greenness were observed across Europe, but in larger patches in eastern Spain, Wales and Scotland (UK), and in Romania. Significant negative trends were observed in southern Spain and southwestern Russia along the Caspian Sea. Trends in greenness and land cover change were uncorrelated. Results from the European-wide analyses of the Yantra River Basin compared favorably to the more detailed analyses that were based partially on finer resolution biophysical data. However, estimates for riparian land cover metrics were much higher for the more detailed analyses than the broader-sale analyses, a result of a denser stream network used in the former. Additionally, because of differences in the scale of Digital Elevation Model data used in the two analyses (90 m and 25 m), estimates for agriculture on greater than 3% slopes differed as well. A principal components analysis (PCA) was used to combine multiple landscape metrics to evaluate the relative environmental condition of and change in catchments and the 64 km(2) areas. Additionally, a simple index of relative vulnerability was calculated and mapped by combining PCA results for landscape condition and change. We discuss results and limitations of this analysis. We also discuss the value of this preliminary assessment for broadscale analyses to identify geographic areas where environmental security may become an issue. We note limitations in the analytical techniques used, data gaps and issues regarding interpretation of these results and make suggestions for future landscape analyses. C1 [Jones, K. Bruce; Hamann, Sharon] US Geol Survey, Geog Discipline, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Nash, Maliha S.; Neale, Annie C.; Kepner, William G.] US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Wade, Timothy G.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Walker, Joe] CSIRO Land & Water, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Mueller, Felix] Univ Kiel, Kiel, Germany. [Zurlini, Giovanni; Zaccarelli, Nicola] Univ Salento, Lecce, Italy. [Jongman, Rob] Wageningen UR, Alterra, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Nedkov, Stoyan] Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Geog, Sofia, Bulgaria. [Knight, C. Gregory] Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Jones, KB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geog Discipline, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 93 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-1-4020-6594-1 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2007 BP 263 EP 316 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-6594-1_17 D2 10.1007/978-1-4020-6594-1 PG 54 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BKZ33 UT WOS:000269674900022 ER PT S AU Jones, KB Krauze, K Muller, F Zurlini, G Petrosillo, I Victorov, S Li, BL AF Jones, K. Bruce Krauze, Kinga Mueller, Felix Zurlini, Giovanni Petrosillo, Irene Victorov, Sergey Li, Bai-Lian BE Petrosillo, I Muller, F Jones, KB Zurlini, G Krauze, K Victorov, S Li, BL Kepner, WG TI LANDSCAPE APPROACHES TO ASSESS ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY: SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS SO USE OF LANDSCAPE SCIENCES FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Jones, K. Bruce] US Geol Survey, Geog Discipline, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Krauze, Kinga] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Hyrol, Lodsch, Poland. [Mueller, Felix] Univ Kiel, Ctr Ecol, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. [Zurlini, Giovanni; Petrosillo, Irene] Univ Salento, Dept Biol & Environm Sci & Technol, Lab Landscape Ecol, Lecce, Italy. [Victorov, Sergey] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Methods Geol, St Petersburg, Russia. [Li, Bai-Lian] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Ecol Complex & Modeling Lab, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Jones, KB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geog Discipline, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM kbjones@usgs.gov; kbjones@usgs.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-1-4020-6594-1 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2007 BP 475 EP 486 D2 10.1007/978-1-4020-6594-1 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BKZ33 UT WOS:000269674900036 ER PT S AU Celebi, M AF Celebi, Mehmet BE Inan, E Kiris, A TI Real-time seismic monitoring of the new cape girardeau (MO) bridge and recorded earthquake response SO Vibration Problems ICOVP 2005 SE SPRINGER PROCEEDINGS IN PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Vibration Problems (ICOVP 2005) CY SEP 05-09, 2005 CL Isik Univ, Sile Campus, Istanbul, TURKEY HO Isik Univ, Sile Campus DE earthquake; monitoring; real-time; response; ambient; frequency AB This paper introduces the state of the art, real-time and broad-band seismic monitoring network implemented for the 1206 m [3956 ft] long, cable-stayed Bill Emerson Memorial Bridge in Cape Girardeau (MO), a new Mississippi River crossing, approximately 80 km from the epicentral region of the 1811-1812 New Madrid earthquakes. Design of the bridge accounted for the possibility of a strong earthquake (magnitude 7.5 or greater) during the design life of the bridge. The monitoring network consists of a superstructure and two free-field arrays and comprises a total of 84 channels of accelerometers deployed on the superstructure, pier foundations and free-field in the vicinity of the bridge. The paper also introduces the high quality response data obtained from the network. Such data is aimed to be used by the owner, researchers and engineers to (1) assess the performance of the bridge, (2) check design parameters, including the comparison of dynamic characteristics with actual response, and (3) better design future similar bridges. Preliminary analyses of low-amplitude ambient vibration data and that from a small earthquake reveal specific response characteristics of this new bridge and the free-field in its proximity. There is coherent tower-cable-deck interaction that sometimes results in amplified ambient motions. Also, while the motions at the lowest (tri-axial) downhole accelerometers on both MO and IL sides are practically free-from any feedback from the bridge, the motions at the middle downhole and surface accelerometers are significantly influenced by amplified ambient motions of the bridge. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Celebi, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0930-8989 BN 978-1-4020-5400-6 J9 SPRINGER PROC PHYS PY 2007 VL 111 BP 123 EP 136 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BGG37 UT WOS:000246655700020 ER PT S AU Eichelberger, JC AF Eichelberger, John C. BE Eichelberger, J Gordeev, E Izbekov, P Kasahara, M Lees, J TI Introduction: Subduction's Sharpest Arrow SO VOLCANISM AND SUBDUCTION: THE KAMCHATKA REGION SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Eichelberger, John C.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Eichelberger, JC (reprint author), USGS, Volcano Hazards Program, Reston, VA USA. RI Eichelberger, John/H-6199-2016 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-436-8 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2007 VL 172 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1029/172GM02 D2 10.1029/GM172 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BOG49 UT WOS:000276575100002 ER PT S AU Lu, Z Dzurisin, D Wicks, C Power, J Kwoun, O Rykhus, R AF Lu, Zhong Dzurisin, Daniel Wicks, Charles, Jr. Power, John Kwoun, Ohig Rykhus, Russell BE Eichelberger, J Gordeev, E Izbekov, P Kasahara, M Lees, J TI Diverse Deformation Patterns of Aleutian Volcanoes From Satellite Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) SO VOLCANISM AND SUBDUCTION: THE KAMCHATKA REGION SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ELASTIC HALF-SPACE; KATMAI-NATIONAL-PARK; SURFACE DEFORMATION; WESTDAHL VOLCANO; EARTHQUAKE SWARM; KILAUEA VOLCANO; OKMOK VOLCANO; ALASKA; INFLATION; CALDERA AB Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) is capable of measuring ground-surface deformation with centimeter-to-subcentimeter precision at a spatial resolution of tens of meters over a large region. With its global coverage and all-weather imaging capability, InSAR has become an increasingly important measurement technique for constraining magma dynamics of volcanoes over remote regions such as the Aleutian Islands. The spatial distribution of surface deformation data derived from InSAR images enables the construction of detailed mechanical models to enhance the study of magmatic processes. This paper summarizes the diverse deformation patterns of the Aleutian volcanoes observed with InSAR. These include the following: 1) inflation of Mount Peulik Volcano preceding a seismic swarm at nearby Becharof Lake in 1998; 2) persistent volcano-wide subsidence at Aniakchak and Fisher Volcanoes; 3) magmatic intrusion and associated tectonic stress release at Akutan Volcano; 4) magmatic intrusion at Makushin Volcano associated with a small eruption in 1995; 5) complex patterns of transient deformation during and after the 1992-93 eruption at Seguam Volcano; 6) subsidence caused by a decrease in pore fluid pressure in an active hydrothermal system beneath Kiska Volcano; and 7) lack of expected deformation associated with recent eruptions at Shishaldin, Pavlof, Cleveland, and Korovin Volcanoes. We also present preliminary InSAR results for the Katmai Volcano group, and Chiginagak and Dutton Volcanoes. These studies demonstrate that deformation patterns and associated magma supply mechanisms in the Aleutians are diverse and vary between volcanoes. These findings provide an improved understanding of magmatic plumbing systems in the Aleutians. C1 [Lu, Zhong] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Vancouver, WA USA. [Dzurisin, Daniel] USGS, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA USA. [Wicks, Charles, Jr.] USGS, Earthquake Program, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Wicks, Charles, Jr.] USGS, Volcano Hazards Program, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Power, John] USGS, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK USA. [Kwoun, Ohig; Rykhus, Russell] SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Lu, Z (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Vancouver, WA USA. EM lu@usgs.gov; dzurisin@usgs.gov; cwicks@usgs.gov; jpower@usgs.gov; okwoun@usgs.gov; rykhus@usgs.gov NR 46 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-436-8 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2007 VL 172 BP 249 EP 261 DI 10.1029/172GM18 D2 10.1029/GM172 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BOG49 UT WOS:000276575100018 ER PT S AU Churikova, T Worner, G Eichelberger, J Ivanov, B AF Churikova, Tatiana Woerner, Gerhard Eichelberger, John Ivanov, Boris BE Eichelberger, J Gordeev, E Izbekov, P Kasahara, M Lees, J TI Minor- and Trace Element Zoning in Plagioclase From Kizimen Volcano, Kamchatka: Insights on the Magma Chamber Processes SO VOLCANISM AND SUBDUCTION: THE KAMCHATKA REGION SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RECHARGE; PHENOCRYSTS; PARTITION; ERUPTION; LIQUID; MANTLE; UNZEN AB Major and trace elements in whole rocks as well as major (Al, Si, Na, Ca, K), minor (Fe) and trace (Sr, Ba, Mg) elements in plagioclase phenocrysts were investigated in lavas from Kizimen volcano, Kamchatka. Quaternary Kizimen volcano was active during Holocene times and is intriguing in several aspects:. (1) its lavas often contain unusually high proportions of incorporated basalt and basaltic andesite magma as enclaves; (2) banded texture is common in lavas; (3) large phenocrysts of plagioclase and hornblende associate with olivine and orthopyroxene in the same sample; (4) mafic enclaves and evolved dacites show a REE cross-over patterns; (5) MORB-like Sr-Nd isotope values exclude crustal contamination. Mafic enclaves and host dacitic lavas are both hybrid and represented by mixtures of mafic and silicic end-members in different proportions. These end-members are likely derivates of the same basaltic parent assuming a significant amount of amphibole fractionation. To understand magma chamber processes of the Kizimen volcano and the origin of its magmas, we used major and trace element zoning patterns in plagioclase phenocrysts from mafic enclaves and evolved hosts. According to our data, mafic and silicic magmas maintain some identity as physically distinct domains, while sometimes exchanging only heat but at other times heat, melt, and crystals between them. Processes in the magma chamber that occurred before eruption are: (1) crystal growth and fractionation, (2) recharge and magma mixing, and (3) resumed crystallization in high-temperature dacite heated by mafic magma. C1 [Eichelberger, John] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Churikova, Tatiana; Ivanov, Boris] Russian Acad Sci, Far E Div, Inst Volcanol & Seismol, Kamchatka, Russia. [Churikova, Tatiana; Woerner, Gerhard] Univ Gottingen, Geowissensch Zentrum Gottingen, D-3400 Gottingen, Germany. RP Churikova, T (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Far E Div, Inst Volcanol & Seismol, Kamchatka, Russia. OI Churikova, Tatiana/0000-0002-9929-9764 NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-436-8 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2007 VL 172 BP 303 EP 323 DI 10.1029/172GM22 D2 10.1029/GM172 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BOG49 UT WOS:000276575100022 ER PT S AU Larsen, JF Neal, C Schaefer, J Beget, J Nye, C AF Larsen, Jessica F. Neal, Christina Schaefer, Janet Beget, Jim Nye, Chris BE Eichelberger, J Gordeev, E Izbekov, P Kasahara, M Lees, J TI Late Pleistocene and Holocene Caldera-Forming Eruptions of Okmok Caldera, Aleutian Islands, Alaska SO VOLCANISM AND SUBDUCTION: THE KAMCHATKA REGION SE Geophysical Monograph Book Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DRIVEN SLURRY FORMATION; SNOW-CLAD VOLCANOS; PYROCLAST/SNOW INTERACTIONS; UMNAK-ISLAND; ARC; FLOW; ICE; PERTURBATION; LAHARS; FIELD AB Okmok volcano, in the central Aleutian arc, Alaska, produced two caldera-forming eruptions within the last similar to 12,000 years. This study describes the stratigraphy, composition, and petrology of those two eruptions. Both eruptions initially produced small volumes of felsic magmas, followed by voluminous andesite and basaltic andesite. The Okmok 1 eruption produced >30 km(3) DRE of material on Umnak Island, and Okmok II similar to 15 km(3). However, a significant proportion of material not accounted for here was deposited into the oceans during both events. The Okmok I pyroclastic flow deposits contain evidence for interaction with snow/ice, particularly along the northern flanks of the caldera. Although both Okmok 1 and 11 eruptions involved a phreatomagmatic component, the accumulation of a large volume (>15km(3)) of volatile-rich, mafic-intermediate magma in the shallow crust may provide the driving force for the catastrophic eruptions. Agglutinate deposits associated with Okmok II indicate energetic lava fountaining simultaneous with caldera-collapse, similar to other descriptions of mafic-intermediate caldera-forming deposits such as in the New Hebrides. C1 [Larsen, Jessica F.; Neal, Christina; Schaefer, Janet; Beget, Jim; Nye, Chris] Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Larsen, Jessica F.] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Neal, Christina] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Schaefer, Janet; Nye, Chris] Div Geol & Geophys Surveys, State Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Beget, Jim] Univ Alaska, Dept Geol & Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Larsen, JF (reprint author), Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NR 47 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-436-8 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2007 VL 172 BP 343 EP 364 DI 10.1029/172GM24 D2 10.1029/GM172 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BOG49 UT WOS:000276575100024 ER PT J AU Liu, L Tindall, JA Friedel, MJ Zhang, WX AF Liu, Ling Tindall, James A. Friedel, Michael J. Zhang, Weixian TI Biodegradation of organic chemicals in soil/water microcosms system: Model development SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE biodegradation; organic chemicals; sequestration; soil/water microcosms system; mathematical model ID NONEQUILIBRIUM SORPTION; INTRAPARTICLE DIFFUSION; AQUIFER MATERIAL; SOIL; KINETICS; RATES; DEGRADATION; DESORPTION; TRANSPORT; SEDIMENTS AB The chemical interactions of hydrophobic organic contaminants with soils and sediments may result in strong binding and slow subsequent release rates that significantly affect remediation rates and endpoints. In order to illustrate the recalcitrance of chemical to degradation on sites, a sorption mechanism of intraparticle sequestration was postulated to operate on chemical remediation sites. Pseudo-first order sequestration kinetics is used in the study with the hypothesis that sequestration is an irreversibly surface-mediated process. A mathematical model based on mass balance equations was developed to describe the fate of chemical degradation in soil/water microcosm systems. In the model, diffusion was represented by Fick's second law, local sorption-desorption by a linear isotherm, irreversible sequestration by a pseudo-first order kinetics and biodegradation by Monod kinetics. Solutions were obtained to provide estimates of chemical concentrations. The mathematical model was applied to a benzene biodegradation batch test and simulated model responses correlated well compared to measurements of biodegradation of benzene in the batch soil/water microcosm system. A sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the effects of several parameters on model behavior. Overall chemical removal rate decreased and sequestration increased quickly with an increase in the sorption partition coefficient. When soil particle radius, a, was greater than 1 mm, an increase in radius produced a significant decrease in overall chemical removal rate as well as an increase in sequestration. However, when soil particle radius was less than 0.1 mm, an increase in radius resulted in small changes in the removal rate and sequestration. As pseudo-first order sequestration rate increased, both chemical removal rate and sequestration increased slightly. Model simulation results showed that desorption resistance played an important role in the bioavailability of organic chemicals in porous media. Complete biostabilization of chemicals on remediation sites can be achieved when the concentration of the reversibly sorbed chemical reduces to zero (i.e., undetectable), with a certain amount of irreversibly sequestrated chemical left inside the soil particle solid phase. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Hohai Univ, Water Resources & Hydraul Engn, State Key Lab Hydrol, Nanjing 210098, Peoples R China. US Geol Survey, Geol Div, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Lehigh Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Tindall, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, MS 413,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jtindall@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 178 IS 1-4 BP 131 EP 143 DI 10.1007/s11270-006-9185-z PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 124VU UT WOS:000243399400012 ER PT J AU Blatchley, ER Gong, WL Alleman, JE Rose, JB Huffman, DE Otaki, M T Lisle, J AF Blatchley, Ernest R., III Gong, Woei-Long Alleman, James E. Rose, Joan B. Huffman, Debra E. Otaki, Masahiro T Lisle, John TI Effects of wastewater disinfection on waterborne bacteria and viruses SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE disinfection; bacteria; virus; chlorine; UV; wastewater ID PHYSIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; CHLORINE; CHLORAMINES; RESISTANCE AB Wastewater disinfection is practiced with the goal of reducing risks of human exposure to pathogenic microorganisms. In most circumstances, the efficacy of a wastewater disinfection process is regulated and monitored based on measurements of the responses of indicator bacteria. However. inactivation of indicator bacteria does not guarantee an acceptable degree of inactivation among other waterborne microorganisms (e.g., microbial pathogens). Undisinfected effluent samples from several municipal wastewater treatment facilities were collected for analysis. Facilities were selected to provide a broad spectrum of effluent quality, particularly as related to nitrogenous compounds. Samples were subjected to bench-scale chlorination and dechlorination and UV irradiation under conditions that allowed compliance with relevant discharge regulations and such that disinfectant exposures could be accurately quantified. Disinfected samples were subjected to a battery of assays to assess the immediate and long-term effects of wastewater disinfection on waterborne bacteria and viruses. In general, (viable) bacterial populations showed an immediate decline as a result of disinfectant exposure; however, incubation of disinfected samples under conditions that were designed to mimic the conditions in a receiving stream resulted in substantial recovery of the total bacterial community. The bacterial groups that are commonly used as indicators do not provide an accurate representation of the response of the bacterial community to disinfectant exposure and subsequent recovery in the environment. UV irradiation and chlorination/dechlori nation both accomplished measurable inactivation of indigenous phage; however, the extent of inactivation was fairly modest under the conditions of disinfection used in this study. UV irradiation was consistently more effective as a virucide than chlorination/dechlorination under the conditions of application, based on measurements of virus (phage) diversity and concentration. Taken together, and when considered in conjunction with previously published research. the results of these experiments illustrate several important limitations of common disinfection processes as applied in the treatment of municipal wastewaters. In general, it is not clear that conventional disinfection processes, as commonly implemented, are effective for control of the risks of disease transmission, particularly those associated with viral pathogens. Microbial quality in receiving streams may not be substantially improved by the application of these disinfection processes; under some circumstances, an argument can be made that disinfection may actually yield a decrease in effluent and receiving water quality. Decisions regarding the need for, effluent disinfection must account for site-specific characteristics, but it is not clear that disinfection of municipal wastewater effluents is necessary or beneficial for all facilities. When direct human contact or ingestion of municipal wastewater effluents is likely, disinfection may be necessary. Under these circumstances, UV irradiation appears to be superior to chlorination in terms of microbial quality and chemistry and toxicology. This advantage is particularly evident in effluents that contain appreciable quantities of ammonia-nitrogen or organic nitrogen. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. Ochanomizu Univ, Tokyo 112, Japan. US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL USA. RP Blatchley, ER (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, 550 Stadium Mall Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM blatch@ecn.purdue.edu RI Hufffman, Debra/A-7178-2009 NR 25 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 37 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 79 IS 1 BP 81 EP 92 DI 10.2175/106143006X102024 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 127EX UT WOS:000243569200010 PM 17290975 ER PT B AU Nordstrom, DK AF Nordstrom, D. Kirk BE Bullen, TD Wang, Y TI What was the water quality before mining? Inferring pre-mining water-quality at hard-rock mines as a goal for remediation SO WATER-ROCK INTERACTION, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE Proceedings and Monographs in Engineering, Water and Earth Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction (WRI-12) CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2007 CL Kunming, PEOPLES R CHINA SP China Univ Geosci, Int Assoc GeoChem, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, China Geol Survey, US Geol Survey, Penn State Univ, Nanjing Univ, Hohai Univ, Chang an Univ, E China Inst Technol, Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Hydrogeol & Environm Geol, China Geol Survey, Hydrogeol & Environm Geol Ctr, China Acad Sci, Inst Geochem, MOE Lab Biogeol & Environm Geol, Yunnan Bureau Geol, Mineral Resources Explorat & Dev, K C Wong Educ Fdn AB Environmental restoration of hard-rock mining sites, whether active or inactive, is complex, expensive, and necessary. A reasonable goal would be to restore sites to pre-mining conditions; however, pre-mining conditions have rarely been adequately characterized and must be inferred. Water quality in mineralized areas containing metallic ores can be acidic and contain high metal concentrations before mining, especially for deposits with high sulfide content and little neutralizing potential. Inferences about pre-mining conditions can be fraught with uncertainties. Possible approaches include remote analog sites; proximal analog sites; equilibrium-based geochemical modeling; kinetic-based geochemical modeling; statistical analyses; stable isotopes; dating gossan through paleomagnetic reversals; and mass balances. Research in these areas has been pursued and examples are provided from Iron Mountain, California, the San Juan Mountains, Colorado, and Questa/Red River, New Mexico. At Iron Mountain, a paleomagnetic study provided an age date that constrained the time period of massive-sulfide weathering. In the San Juans, several mineralized but unmined areas have been characterized and are known to produce acid waters with high metal concentrations. A detailed proximal analog study was used for the Questa project to determine the pre-mining ground-water quality for regulatory requirements. The results from the Questa project demonstrated that mineral solubilities, solute correlations, mineralogy, and mineral chemistry along with geologic and hydrologic considerations can be used to constrain the likely range of concentrations for pre-mining conditions at an active mine site. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. RP Nordstrom, DK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-45136-9 J9 PROC MONOGR ENG WATE PY 2007 BP 23 EP 26 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Geology; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA BHC81 UT WOS:000252215500004 ER PT B AU Evans, WC Bergfeld, D McGimsey, RG Hunt, AG AF Evans, W. C. Bergfeld, D. McGimsey, R. G. Hunt, A. G. BE Bullen, TD Wang, Y TI Magmatic gas efflux at the Ukinrek Maars, Alaska SO WATER-ROCK INTERACTION, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE Proceedings and Monographs in Engineering, Water and Earth Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction (WRI-12) CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2007 CL Kunming, PEOPLES R CHINA SP China Univ Geosci, Int Assoc GeoChem, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, China Geol Survey, US Geol Survey, Penn State Univ, Nanjing Univ, Hohai Univ, Chang an Univ, E China Inst Technol, Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Hydrogeol & Environm Geol, China Geol Survey, Hydrogeol & Environm Geol Ctr, China Acad Sci, Inst Geochem, MOE Lab Biogeol & Environm Geol, Yunnan Bureau Geol, Mineral Resources Explorat & Dev, K C Wong Educ Fdn ID EMISSIONS; VOLCANOS; USA AB Diffuse efflux of CO2 was suspected at plant-kill areas near the Ukinrek Maars a decade ago, but its magnitude and corresponding significance to the magmatic volatile budget was not evaluated. We document a diffuse efflux of 44 t d(-1) of CO2 from areas of vegetation damage and kill, while prominent gas vents near The Gas Rocks 3-km away release only similar to 0.5 t d(-1) of CO2. The diffuse efflux of CO2 near the maars apparently increased with time, while discharges of gas and hot water at The Gas Rocks declined. Gases from all sites are compositionally similar, suggesting that the Ukinrek basalt is the common source. We discuss magmatic degassing and local toxicity hazards in light of the new efflux data. C1 [Evans, W. C.; Bergfeld, D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Evans, WC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-45136-9 J9 PROC MONOGR ENG WATE PY 2007 BP 65 EP 69 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Geology; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA BHC81 UT WOS:000252215500012 ER PT B AU Hurwitz, S Evans, WC Lowenstern, JB Bergfeld, D Werner, C Heasler, H Jaworowski, C AF Hurwitz, S. Evans, W. C. Lowenstern, J. B. Bergfeld, D. Werner, C. Heasler, H. Jaworowski, C. BE Bullen, TD Wang, Y TI Extensive hydrothermal rock alteration in a low pH, steam-heated environment: Hot Springs Basin, Yellowstone National Park SO WATER-ROCK INTERACTION, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE Proceedings and Monographs in Engineering, Water and Earth Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction (WRI-12) CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2007 CL Kunming, PEOPLES R CHINA SP China Univ Geosci, Int Assoc GeoChem, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, China Geol Survey, US Geol Survey, Penn State Univ, Nanjing Univ, Hohai Univ, Chang an Univ, E China Inst Technol, Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Hydrogeol & Environm Geol, China Geol Survey, Hydrogeol & Environm Geol Ctr, China Acad Sci, Inst Geochem, MOE Lab Biogeol & Environm Geol, Yunnan Bureau Geol, Mineral Resources Explorat & Dev, K C Wong Educ Fdn ID SYSTEMS AB We present water chemistry data for hot bubbling pools in Hot Springs Basin (HSB), one of the most thermally active basins in Yellowstone National Park, as well as chemistry and water discharge data for Shallow Creek, which drains HSB. The waters are characterized by a low pH and high sulfate and low chloride concentrations. In the bubbling pools, the molar ratios of Na/K and Mg/Ca are < 1, but in Shallow Creek Na/K is > 1, suggesting widespread deposition of alunite. Equilibrium calculations with SOLMINEQ88 indicate that the bubbling pools are undersaturated with respect to primary igneous minerals, supersaturated with respect to alunite, and near saturation with amorphous silica. Two of the pools are also supersaturated with kaolinite, and one is supersaturated with gibbsite and smectite. Based on the mass flux in Shallow Creek and the composition of Lava Creek tuff, we calculate a minimum erosion rate of 0.5 mm/yr in HSB, which is 1-2 orders of magnitude lower than deformation rates measured with geodetic techniques. C1 [Hurwitz, S.; Evans, W. C.; Lowenstern, J. B.; Bergfeld, D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hurwitz, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. OI Lowenstern, Jacob/0000-0003-0464-7779 NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-45136-9 J9 PROC MONOGR ENG WATE PY 2007 BP 81 EP 85 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Geology; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA BHC81 UT WOS:000252215500015 ER PT B AU Jones, BF Conko, KM Webster, DM Pochatila, J AF Jones, B. F. Conko, K. M. Webster, D. M. Pochatila, J. BE Bullen, TD Wang, Y TI Chemical and mineralogical composition of saprolite from South Fork Brokenback Run watershed, Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, USA SO WATER-ROCK INTERACTION, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE Proceedings and Monographs in Engineering, Water and Earth Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction (WRI-12) CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2007 CL Kunming, PEOPLES R CHINA SP China Univ Geosci, Int Assoc GeoChem, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, China Geol Survey, US Geol Survey, Penn State Univ, Nanjing Univ, Hohai Univ, Chang an Univ, E China Inst Technol, Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Hydrogeol & Environm Geol, China Geol Survey, Hydrogeol & Environm Geol Ctr, China Acad Sci, Inst Geochem, MOE Lab Biogeol & Environm Geol, Yunnan Bureau Geol, Mineral Resources Explorat & Dev, K C Wong Educ Fdn AB This study of mineral assemblages within the weathering profile at South Fork Brokenback Run, Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, extends previous research that focused on mass-balance calculations for dissolution of primary mineral reactants in the granitic bedrock giving mineral products in the overlying saprolite. From two cores of the granite weathering profile (regolith), mineralogical and chemical analyses of physically separated fractions of the saprolite were obtained for discrete depth increments. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses identified quartz, potassium feldspar, biotite, amphibole, plagioclase, illite, kaolinite, and goethite, in addition to a 2:1 expandable clay, considered an aluminous smectite. CLAYFORM, a computer program for calculating structural formulae of clay minerals from elemental chemical analyses, was used to characterize the composition of the finest fractions containing the most smectite, which ranged from K-0.4(Si3.0Al1.0)(4.0)(Al2.0Mg0.3)(2.33)O-10(OH)(2) to Ca-0.3(Si3.0Al1.0)(4.0)(Al2.0Mg0.2)(2.33)O-10(OH)(2). This phase was taken to be an important intermediate in the weathering of the granite. C1 [Jones, B. F.; Conko, K. M.; Webster, D. M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Jones, BF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. OI Conko, Kathryn/0000-0001-6361-4921 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-45136-9 J9 PROC MONOGR ENG WATE PY 2007 BP 427 EP 430 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Geology; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA BHC81 UT WOS:000252215500089 ER PT B AU Wanty, RB Verplanck, PL Fey, DL Church, SE Juan, CAS Swigert, VA AF Wanty, R. B. Verplanck, P. L. Fey, D. L. Church, S. E. Juan, C. A. San Swigert, V. A. BE Bullen, TD Wang, Y TI Geochemistry of surface water in alpine catchments in central Colorado, USA: An example of sampling scale versus detail SO WATER-ROCK INTERACTION, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE Proceedings and Monographs in Engineering, Water and Earth Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction (WRI-12) CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2007 CL Kunming, PEOPLES R CHINA SP China Univ Geosci, Int Assoc GeoChem, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, China Geol Survey, US Geol Survey, Penn State Univ, Nanjing Univ, Hohai Univ, Chang an Univ, E China Inst Technol, Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Hydrogeol & Environm Geol, China Geol Survey, Hydrogeol & Environm Geol Ctr, China Acad Sci, Inst Geochem, MOE Lab Biogeol & Environm Geol, Yunnan Bureau Geol, Mineral Resources Explorat & Dev, K C Wong Educ Fdn AB The US. Geological Survey is conducting a study of surface-water quality in the Rocky Mountains of central Colorado. Sampled media include stream water, sediment, and biofilm coatings on streambed rocks. At selected sites, aquatic macroinvertebrates are being collected. This paper focuses on the stream-water chemistry. The dominant regional feature affecting water quality in central Colorado is the Colorado Mineral Belt (CMB), a northeast-trending zone hosting many polymetallic vein and replacement and porphyry Mo deposits that were mined from the mid-1800's to the present. The influence of the CMB is seen in lower surface-water pH (< 5), and higher concentrations of SO42- (> 100 mg/L) and siderophile and chalcophile metals such as Fe (> 1 mg/L), Cu (> 0.01 mg/L), Zn (> 0.1 mg/L), and Cd (> 0.001 mg/L). At local scales, effects of individual rock units on water chemistry are subtle but discernible, as shown primarily by concentrations of major lithophile elements or ratios between them. C1 [Wanty, R. B.; Verplanck, P. L.; Fey, D. L.; Church, S. E.; Juan, C. A. San; Swigert, V. A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Wanty, RB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-45136-9 J9 PROC MONOGR ENG WATE PY 2007 BP 453 EP 456 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Geology; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA BHC81 UT WOS:000252215500095 ER PT B AU White, AE Schulz, MS Vivit, DV Stonestrom, DA Blum, AE AF White, A. E. Schulz, M. S. Vivit, D. V. Stonestrom, D. A. Blum, Alex E. BE Bullen, TD Wang, Y TI Chemical weathering of a marine terrace chronosequence, Santa Cruz, California: Deciphering reaction rates from mineral depth profiles SO WATER-ROCK INTERACTION, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE Proceedings and Monographs in Engineering, Water and Earth Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction (WRI-12) CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2007 CL Kunming, PEOPLES R CHINA SP China Univ Geosci, Int Assoc GeoChem, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, China Geol Survey, US Geol Survey, Penn State Univ, Nanjing Univ, Hohai Univ, Chang an Univ, E China Inst Technol, Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Hydrogeol & Environm Geol, China Geol Survey, Hydrogeol & Environm Geol Ctr, China Acad Sci, Inst Geochem, MOE Lab Biogeol & Environm Geol, Yunnan Bureau Geol, Mineral Resources Explorat & Dev, K C Wong Educ Fdn ID SOIL CHRONOSEQUENCE; EVOLUTION AB A soil chronosequence developed on marine terraces along coastal California, exhibits deeper and more intensively weathered mineral profiles with increasing age (65 to 226 kyrs). Feldspar concentrations generally increase linearly with terrace depth. The slope or weathering gradient is defined by the ratio of the weathering rate and the velocity at which the profile penetrates into the regolith. A spread sheet calculator further refines profile geometries, demonstrating that the non-linear regions at low residual feldspar concentrations are dominated by exponential changes in mineral surface to volume and at high residual feldspar concentrations by the approach to thermodynamic saturation. These parameters, in addition to the kinetic rate constant, are of secondary importance to the fluid flux q(h) which controls the weathering velocity and solute fluxes from the profile. C1 [White, A. E.; Schulz, M. S.; Vivit, D. V.; Stonestrom, D. A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP White, AE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. OI Schulz, Marjorie/0000-0001-5597-6447; Stonestrom, David/0000-0001-7883-3385 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-45136-9 J9 PROC MONOGR ENG WATE PY 2007 BP 457 EP 460 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Geology; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA BHC81 UT WOS:000252215500096 ER PT B AU Kharaka, YK Thordsen, JJ Hovorka, SD Nance, HS Cole, DR Phelps, TJ Knauss, KG AF Kharaka, Y. K. Thordsen, J. J. Hovorka, S. D. Nance, H. S. Cole, D. R. Phelps, T. J. Knauss, K. G. BE Bullen, TD Wang, Y TI Subsurface monitoring of anthropogenic CO2 injected in sedimentary basins: Results from the Frio-I brine test, Texas, USA SO WATER-ROCK INTERACTION, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE Proceedings and Monographs in Engineering Water and Earth Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction (WRI-12) CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2007 CL Kunming, PEOPLES R CHINA SP China Univ Geosci, Int Assoc GeoChem, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, China Geol Survey, US Geol Survey, Penn State Univ, Nanjing Univ, Hohai Univ, Changan Univ, E China Inst Technol, Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Hydrogeol & Environm Geol, China Geol Survey, Hydrogeol & Environm Geol Ctr, China Acad Sci, Inst Geochem, MOE Lab Biogeol & Environm Geol, Yunnan Bureau Geol, Mineral Resources Explorat & Dev, K C Wong Educ Fdn ID ROCK INTERACTIONS; SEQUESTRATION; STORAGE; GAS AB To investigate the potential for the long-term storage of CO2 in deep saline aquifers, 1600t of CO2 were injected at 1500 m depth into a 24-m-thick "C" sandstone of the Frio Formation near Houston, Texas. Fluid samples obtained before CO2 injection from the injection well and an observation well 30 m updip showed a Na-Ca-Cl type brine with similar to 93,000 mg/L TDS at saturation with CH4, but only 0.3% CO2. Following CO2 breakthrough, samples showed sharp drops in pH, pronounced increases in alkalinity and Fe, and significant shifts in the isotopic compositions of H2O, and DIC. These parameters, together with perfluorocarbon tracer gases were used for monitoring migration of injected CO2 into the overlying Frio "B", a 4-m-thick sandstone, separated from the "C" by similar to 15 m of shale and siltstone beds. Results from "B" 6 mo after injection show significant CO2 (2.9% vs. 0.3% CO2) migration into the "B" sandstone. Results of samples collected 15 mo after injection, however, show no indications of additional CO2 in the "B" sandstone. C1 [Kharaka, Y. K.; Thordsen, J. J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kharaka, YK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI phelps, tommy/A-5244-2011 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-45136-9 J9 PROC MONOGR ENG WATE PY 2007 BP 597 EP 601 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Geology; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA BHC81 UT WOS:000252215500126 ER PT B AU Naftz, DL Stolp, BJ Fuller, CC Snyder, T Wilkins, M AF Naftz, D. L. Stolp, B. J. Fuller, C. C. Snyder, T. Wilkins, M. BE Bullen, TD Wang, Y TI Gas generation from groundwater interaction with an iron treatment wall, Fry Canyon, Utah, USA SO WATER-ROCK INTERACTION, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE Proceedings and Monographs in Engineering, Water and Earth Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction (WRI-12) CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2007 CL Kunming, PEOPLES R CHINA SP China Univ Geosci, Int Assoc GeoChem, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, China Geol Survey, US Geol Survey, Penn State Univ, Nanjing Univ, Hohai Univ, Chang an Univ, E China Inst Technol, Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Hydrogeol & Environm Geol, China Geol Survey, Hydrogeol & Environm Geol Ctr, China Acad Sci, Inst Geochem, MOE Lab Biogeol & Environm Geol, Yunnan Bureau Geol, Mineral Resources Explorat & Dev, K C Wong Educ Fdn ID DEEP AB Gas generation from groundwater interaction with a field-scale zero-valent iron permeable reactive barrier (ZVI PRB) was measured and simulated with the geochemical reaction path model PHREEQC. Due to anaerobic corrosion of Fe-(0) within the ZVI PRB, measured total dissolved gas (TDG) pressure exceeded hydrostatic pressure resulting in ebullition and depletion in dissolved noble gases. Geochemical modeling indicates that Fe((0))corrosion coupled with CH4(g) production simulates the measured partial pressures of CH4(g) within the ZVI PRB required to exceed the hydrostatic pressure. Decreases in Ne(g) and Ar(g) in groundwater from the ZVI PRB indicate that the over pressuring from CH4(g) production has been sufficient for bubble formation and subsequent ebullition. C1 [Naftz, D. L.; Stolp, B. J.] US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Naftz, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RI Wilkins, Michael/A-9358-2013; OI Fuller, Christopher/0000-0002-2354-8074 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-45136-9 J9 PROC MONOGR ENG WATE PY 2007 BP 629 EP 632 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Geology; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA BHC81 UT WOS:000252215500133 ER PT B AU Bullen, TD AF Bullen, T. D. BE Bullen, TD Wang, Y TI Chromium stable isotopes as a new tool for forensic hydrology at sites contaminated with anthropogenic chromium SO WATER-ROCK INTERACTION, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE Proceedings and Monographs in Engineering, Water and Earth Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction (WRI-12) CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2007 CL Kunming, PEOPLES R CHINA SP China Univ Geosci, Int Assoc GeoChem, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, China Geol Survey, US Geol Survey, Penn State Univ, Nanjing Univ, Hohai Univ, Chang an Univ, E China Inst Technol, Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Hydrogeol & Environm Geol, China Geol Survey, Hydrogeol & Environm Geol Ctr, China Acad Sci, Inst Geochem, MOE Lab Biogeol & Environm Geol, Yunnan Bureau Geol, Mineral Resources Explorat & Dev, K C Wong Educ Fdn ID HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM AB Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is an emerging contaminant in groundwaters at sites worldwide. Reduction of mobile and potentially toxic Cr(VI) to immobile and non-toxic trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) is accompanied by significant stable isotope fractionation (epsilon(Cr(VI)-Cr(III)) = 3.4 parts per thousand). In this study, the isotopic composition of Cr(VI) in groundwaters from and surrounding a contaminated site was assessed in an attempt to distinguish natural from anthropogenic chromium pools, as well as to understand processes leading to decreasing concentrations of Cr(VI) within and at the margin of a well-defined contaminant plume. Substantial Cr isotope fractionation that would indicate protracted reduction of Cr(VI) within the plume was not observed. Both reduction of Cr(VI) and advective mixing of plume and regional groundwaters at the plume margin were required to explain the data. C1 US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Bullen, TD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-45136-9 J9 PROC MONOGR ENG WATE PY 2007 BP 699 EP 702 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Geology; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA BHC81 UT WOS:000252215500147 ER PT B AU Chou, IM Burruss, RC AF Chou, I. M. Burruss, R. C. BE Bullen, TD Wang, Y TI Monitoring reactions between hydrocarbons and water at hydrothermal conditions by Raman spectroscopic and microthermometric methods: The reactions between ethane and water at temperatures between 200 and 400 degrees C SO WATER-ROCK INTERACTION, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE Proceedings and Monographs in Engineering, Water and Earth Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction (WRI-12) CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2007 CL Kunming, PEOPLES R CHINA SP China Univ Geosci, Int Assoc GeoChem, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, China Geol Survey, US Geol Survey, Penn State Univ, Nanjing Univ, Hohai Univ, Chang an Univ, E China Inst Technol, Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Hydrogeol & Environm Geol, China Geol Survey, Hydrogeol & Environm Geol Ctr, China Acad Sci, Inst Geochem, MOE Lab Biogeol & Environm Geol, Yunnan Bureau Geol, Mineral Resources Explorat & Dev, K C Wong Educ Fdn AB An experimental method has been developed for monitoring reactions between organic compounds and water at hydrothermal conditions by using Raman spectroscopic and microthermometric methods. As an example, the reactions between ethane and water were performed in fused silica capillary tubes at temperatures between 200 and 400 degrees C. The Raman spectroscopic analyses of the reaction products indicate that both ethanol and acetic acid of about equal concentration were produced by the oxidation-hydration reactions of ethane. The degree of reaction after each heating was monitored by the change of density of liquid ethane, which can be accurately determined by measuring the temperature at which vapor ethane was homogenized to liquid ethane. The reaction could not be reversed by heating 1.96 m acetic acid solution in a silica capillary tube under hydrogen pressure imposed externally by the iron-magnetite buffer at 300 degrees C for 70 hours. C1 [Chou, I. M.; Burruss, R. C.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Chou, IM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-45136-9 J9 PROC MONOGR ENG WATE PY 2007 BP 863 EP 866 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Geology; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA BHC81 UT WOS:000252215500179 ER PT B AU Stillings, LL Willard, PJ Amacher, MC AF Stillings, L. L. Willard, P. J. Amacher, M. C. BE Bullen, TD Wang, Y TI Geochemical controls on Se: A comparison of two wetlands SO WATER-ROCK INTERACTION, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE Proceedings and Monographs in Engineering, Water and Earth Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction (WRI-12) CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2007 CL Kunming, PEOPLES R CHINA SP China Univ Geosci, Int Assoc GeoChem, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, China Geol Survey, US Geol Survey, Penn State Univ, Nanjing Univ, Hohai Univ, Chang an Univ, E China Inst Technol, Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Hydrogeol & Environm Geol, China Geol Survey, Hydrogeol & Environm Geol Ctr, China Acad Sci, Inst Geochem, MOE Lab Biogeol & Environm Geol, Yunnan Bureau Geol, Mineral Resources Explorat & Dev, K C Wong Educ Fdn ID SELENIUM AB Se flux was studied in 2 wetlands with differing surface water flows, dissolved Se concentrations, and Se concentrations in sediments. The WVU4 wetland had an outflow of 0.0002-0.003 m(3) s(-1), Se concentrations of 0-5 mg L-1, and Se retention of 611 g for May-Sept., 2002. Se sediment concentration was 10-700 mg kg(-1), with most residing in the non-crystalline Fe oxide and the organic+ sulfide. In contrast, the CCNP wetland had an outflow of 0.080-0.120 m3 s(-1), Se concentrations of 7-22 mu g L-1, and Se retention was 5,800 g during Aug.-Dec., 2004. Se sediment concentration was 6-7 mg kg(-1), with most residing in the exchangeable and carbonate fractions. Although a greater mass of Se was retained in CCNP, WVU4 showed a greater percent retention, retaining 88% of Se input to the wetland. Greater concentration of Se in WVU4 sediments may be due to (1) a lower flow rate through the wetland, allowing for more water:sediment contact time; (2) the presence of Fe oxide and organic sediment fractions, that have a high affinity for Se; and (3) greater age, which provided more time for Se accumulation. C1 [Stillings, L. L.] US Geol Survey, Reno, NV USA. RP Stillings, LL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reno, NV USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-45136-9 J9 PROC MONOGR ENG WATE PY 2007 BP 1271 EP 1275 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Geology; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA BHC81 UT WOS:000252215500268 ER PT B AU Wang, B Gough, L Wanty, R Crock, J Day, W Vohden, J AF Wang, B. Gough, L. Wanty, R. Crock, J. Day, W. Vohden, J. BE Bullen, TD Wang, Y TI Landscape geochemistry near mineralized areas of Eastern Alaska with a focus on As and Sb SO WATER-ROCK INTERACTION, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE Proceedings and Monographs in Engineering, Water and Earth Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction (WRI-12) CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2007 CL Kunming, PEOPLES R CHINA SP China Univ Geosci, Int Assoc GeoChem, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, China Geol Survey, US Geol Survey, Penn State Univ, Nanjing Univ, Hohai Univ, Chang an Univ, E China Inst Technol, Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Hydrogeol & Environm Geol, China Geol Survey, Hydrogeol & Environm Geol Ctr, China Acad Sci, Inst Geochem, MOE Lab Biogeol & Environm Geol, Yunnan Bureau Geol, Mineral Resources Explorat & Dev, K C Wong Educ Fdn AB The Pogo lode gold deposit was discovered in eastern Alaska in the early 1990s. To characterize the effects of mineralization on the As and Sb signature of the area, prior to mine development, we evaluated the soil-vegetation-stream water system at several locations near and distal to the mineralized areas. Arsenic concentrations range from <1 to 14 mu g/L in stream water; <0.01 to 0.14 mg/kg in willow leaves; and 3 to 410 mg/kg, 6.1 to 440 mg/kg, and 2 to 3 00 mg/kg for the A, B and C soil horizons, respectively Sb concentrations range from <0.1 to 0.71 mu g/L in stream water; <0.003 to 0.23 mg/kg in willow leaves; 0.4 to 24 mg/kg, 0.6 to 25 mg/kg, and 0.2 to 16 mg/kg for the A, B and C soil horizons, respectively. In general the highest concentrations of both As and Sb were found near mineralized areas. C1 [Wang, B.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Wang, B (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-45136-9 J9 PROC MONOGR ENG WATE PY 2007 BP 1513 EP 1516 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Geology; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA BHC81 UT WOS:000252215500318 ER PT J AU Burkart, MR Stoner, JD AF Burkart, M. R. Stoner, J. D. TI Nitrate in aquifers beneath agricultural systems SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE agriculture; aquifers; groundwater; irrigation; nitrate; nitrogen ID UNITED-STATES; GEOLOGIC NITROGEN; GROUNDWATER; CONTAMINATION; WATER AB Research from several regions of the world provides spatially anecdotal evidence to hypothesize which hydrologic and agricultural factors contribute to groundwater vulnerability to nitrate contamination. Analysis of nationally consistent measurements from the U.S. Geological Survey's NAWQA program confirms these hypotheses for a substantial range of agricultural systems. Shallow unconfined aquifers are most susceptible to nitrate contamination associated with agricultural systems. Alluvial and other unconsolidated aquifers are the most vulnerable and also shallow carbonate aquifers that provide a substantial but smaller contamination risk. Where any of these aquifers are overlain by permeable soils the risk of contamination is larger. Irrigated systems can compound this vulnerability by increasing leaching facilitated by additional recharge and additional nutrient applications. The system of corn, soybean, and hogs produced significantly larger concentrations of groundwater nitrate than all other agricultural systems because this system imports the largest amount of N-fertilizer per unit production area. Mean nitrate under dairy, poultry, horticulture, and cattle and grains systems were similar. If trends in the relation between increased fertilizer use and groundwater nitrate in the United States are repeated in other regions of the world, Asia may experience increasing problems because of recent increases in fertilizer use. Groundwater monitoring in Western and Eastern Europe as well as Russia over the next decade may provide data to determine if the trend in increased nitrate contamination can be reversed. If the concentrated livestock trend in the United States is global, it may be accompanied by increasing nitrogen contamination in groundwater. Concentrated livestock provide both point sources in the confinement area and intense non-point sources as fields close to facilities are used for manure disposal. Regions where irrigated cropland is expanding, such as in Asia, may experience the greatest impact of this practice on groundwater nitrate. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Geol & Atmospher Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. US Geol Survey, Mounds View, MN 55112 USA. RP Burkart, MR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Geol & Atmospher Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mburkart@iastate.edu NR 34 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 21 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 2007 VL 56 IS 1 BP 59 EP 69 DI 10.2166/wst.2007.436 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 199ZY UT WOS:000248734900008 PM 17711000 ER PT J AU Erwin, RM Haramis, GM Perry, MC Watts, BD AF Erwin, R. Michael Haramis, G. Michael Perry, Matthew C. Watts, Bryan D. TI Waterbirds of the Chesapeake region: An introduction SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Erwin, R. Michael] Univ Virginia, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Erwin, R. Michael] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Haramis, G. Michael] BARC EAST, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Perry, Matthew C.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Watts, Bryan D.] Coll William & Mary, Ctr Conservat Biol, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. RP Erwin, RM (reprint author), Univ Virginia, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM rme5g@virginia.edu NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2007 VL 30 SI 1 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2007)030[0001:WOTCRA]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 272AZ UT WOS:000253831200001 ER PT J AU Perry, MC Wells-Berlin, AM Kidwell, DM Osenton, PC AF Perry, Matthew C. Wells-Berlin, Alicia M. Kidwell, David M. Osenton, Peter C. TI Temporal changes of populations and trophic relationships of wintering diving ducks in Chesapeake Bay SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the Estuarine-Research-Federation/Chesapeake-Research-Consortium CY 2005 CL Norfolk, VA SP Estuarine Res Federat, Chesapeake Res Consortium DE diving ducks; seaducks; bay ducks; SAV; food habits; trophic relationships; Chesapeake Bay ID FOOD-HABITS; SEA DUCKS; CANVASBACKS; WATERFOWL AB Population and trophic relationships among diving ducks in Chesapeake Bay are diverse and complex as they include five species of bay ducks (Aythya spp.), nine species of seaducks (Tribe Mergini), and the Ruddy Duck (Oxyura jamaicensis). Here we considered the relationships between population changes and diet over the past half century to assess the importance of prey changes to wintering waterfowl in the Bay. Food habits of 643 diving ducks collected from Chesapeake Bay during 1999-2006 were determined by analyses of their gullet (esophagus and proventriculus) and gizzard contents and compared to historical data (1885-1979) of 1,541 diving ducks. Aerial waterfowl surveys, in general, suggest that six species of seaducks were more commonly located in the meso- to polyhaline areas of the Bay, whereas five species of bay ducks and Ruddy Ducks were in the oligo- to mesohaline areas. Seaducks fed on a molluscan diet of Hooked Mussel (Ischadium recurvum), Amethyst Gemclam (Gemma gemma), and Dwarf Surfclam (Mulinia lateralis). Bay ducks and Ruddy Ducks fed more on Baltic Macoma (Macoma balthica), the adventive Atlantic Rangia (Rangia cuneata), and submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV). Mergansers were found over the widest salinity range in the Bay, probably because of their piscivorous diet. Each diving duck species appears to fill a unique foraging niche, although there is much overlap of selected prey. When current food habits are compared to historic data, only the Canvasback (Aythya valisineria) has had major diet changes, although SAV now accounts for less food volume for all diving duck species, except the Redhead (Aythya americana). Understanding the trophic-habitat relationships of diving ducks in coastal wintering areas will give managers a better understanding of the ecological effects of future environmental changes. Intensive restoration efforts on SAV and oyster beds should greatly benefit diving duck populations. C1 [Perry, Matthew C.; Wells-Berlin, Alicia M.; Kidwell, David M.; Osenton, Peter C.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Perry, MC (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beach Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM mperry@usgs.gov NR 50 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 7 U2 25 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2007 VL 30 SI 1 BP 4 EP 16 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2007)030[0004:TCOPAT]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 272AZ UT WOS:000253831200002 ER PT J AU Rattner, BA McGowan, PC AF Rattner, Barnett A. McGowan, Peter C. TI Potential hazards of environmental contaminants to avifauna residing in the Chesapeake Bay estuary SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the Estuarine-Research-Federation/Chesapeake-Research-Consortium CY 2005 CL Norfolk, VA SP Estuarine Res Federat, Chesapeake Res Consortium DE biomarkers; contaminants; pollution; reproduction; risk assessment; stressors ID CROWNED NIGHT-HERONS; OSPREYS PANDION-HALIAETUS; EASTERN-UNITED-STATES; BALD EAGLE EGGS; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; NYCTICORAX-NYCTICORAX; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; DELAWARE BAYS; NECROPSY DATA AB A search of the Contaminant Exposure and Effects-Terrestrial Vertebrates (CEE-TV) database revealed that 70% of the 839 Chesapeake Bay records deal with avian species. Studies conducted on waterbirds in the past 15 years indicate that organochlorine contaminants have declined in eggs and tissues, although p,p'-DDE, total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and coplanar PCB congeners may still exert sublethal and reproductive effects in some locations. There have been numerous reports of avian die-off events related to organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides. More contemporary contaminants (e.g., alkylphenols, ethoxylates, perfluorinated compounds, polybrominated diphenyl ethers) are detectable in bird eggs in the most industrialized portions of the Bay, but interpretation of these data is difficult because adverse effect levels are incompletely known for birds. Two moderate-sized oil spills resulted in the death of several hundred birds, and about 500 smaller spill events occur annually in the watershed. With the exception of lead, concentrations of cadmium, mercury, and selenium in eggs and tissues appear to be below toxic thresholds for waterbirds. Fishing tackle and discarded plastics, that can entangle and kill young and adults, are prevalent in nests in some Bay tributaries. It is apparent that exposure and potential effects of several classes of contaminants (e.g., dioxins, dibenzofurans, rodenticides, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, lead shot, and some metals) have not been systematically examined in the past 15 years, highlighting the need for toxicological evaluation of birds found dead, and perhaps an avian ecotoxicological monitoring program. Although oil spills, spent lead shot, some pesticides, and industrial pollutants occasionally harm Chesapeake avifauna, contaminants no longer evoke the population level effects that were observed in Ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) and Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) through the 1970s. C1 [Rattner, Barnett A.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [McGowan, Peter C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Rattner, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM brattner@usgs.gov NR 74 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 7 U2 32 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2007 VL 30 SI 1 BP 63 EP 81 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2007)030[0063:PHOECT]2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 272AZ UT WOS:000253831200007 ER PT J AU Wilke, AL Brinker, DF Watts, BD Traut, AH Boettcher, R McCann, JM Truitt, BR Denmon, PP AF Wilke, Alexandra L. Brinker, David F. Watts, Bryan D. Traut, Ashley H. Boettcher, Ruth McCann, James M. Truitt, Barry R. Denmon, Pamela P. TI American Oystercatchers in Maryland and Virginia, USA: Status and distribution SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the Estuarine-Research-Federation/Chesapeake-Research-Consortium CY 2005 CL Norfolk, VA SP Estuarine Res Federat, Chesapeake Res Consortium DE American Oystercatcher; conservation; distribution; Haematopus palliatus; status; Maryland; Virginia ID NESTING WATERBIRDS; BREEDING STATUS; NORTH-CAROLINA; ATLANTIC COAST; SUCCESS AB The conservation status of the American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus palliatus) along the Chesapeake Bay, coastal bays, and barrier island shorelines of Maryland and Virginia has been investigated in detail in recent years. The region supports approximately 700 breeding pairs with more than 80% occurring on the east coast of the Delmarva Peninsula and less than 20% occurring along the shorelines of the Chesapeake Bay. The number of breeding pairs in Maryland appears to have been stable or to have increased slightly during the past 20 years. The overall trend of the breeding population in Virginia is less clear, but recent evidence suggests that numbers on the barrier islands are increasing after more than two decades of a declining trend. The coastal bays and barrier islands typically support between 1,500 and 2,000 wintering birds with most occurring on the cast coast of the Virginia portion of the Delmarva Peninsula. The shorelines of both states together play an important role in supporting core breeding and wintering populations of the American Oystercatcher in the eastern United States. Throughout the region, oystercatchers are facing threats common to all coastal waterbird and shorebird species such as predation and overwash events. The threat of habitat loss to development, however, is not as alarming as in other areas of the species's breeding range due to a significant amount of habitat being in protective conservation ownership or being unfit for development and recreation purposes. Habitat loss attributed to sea level rise, barrier island dynamics, and the indirect effects of development, such as pollution and contaminants, may play more important roles in the stability of breeding and wintering habitat for the American Oystercatcher in Maryland and Virginia. C1 [Wilke, Alexandra L.; Truitt, Barry R.] Nature Conservancy, Nassawadox, VA 23413 USA. [Brinker, David F.; Traut, Ashley H.; McCann, James M.] Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Watts, Bryan D.] Coll William & Mary, Ctr Conservat Biol, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Denmon, Pamela P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Eastern Shore Virginia Natl Wildlife Refuge, Cape Charles, VA 23310 USA. [Boettcher, Ruth] Virginia Dept Game & Inland Fisheries, Painter, VA 23420 USA. RP Wilke, AL (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, Nassawadox, VA 23413 USA. EM awilke@tnc.org NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2007 VL 30 SI 1 BP 152 EP 162 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2007)030[0152:AOIMAV]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 272AZ UT WOS:000253831200013 ER PT J AU Erwin, RM Beck, RA AF Erwin, R. Michael Beck, Ruth A. TI Restoration of waterbird habitats in Chesapeake Bay: Great expectations or Sisyphus revisited? SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the Estuarine-Research-Federation/Chesapeake-Research-Consortium CY 2005 CL Norfolk, VA SP Estuarine Res Federat, Chesapeake Res Consortium DE waterbirds; Chesapeake Bay; restoration; coastal wetlands; islands ID REGION AB In the past half century, many waterbird populations in Chesapeake Bay have declined or shifted ranges, indicating major ecological changes have occurred. While many studies have focused on the problems associated with environmental degradation such as the losses of coastal wetlands and Submerged vegetation, a number of restoration efforts have been launched in the past few decades to reverse the "sea of despair." Most pertinent to waterbirds, restoration of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) beds, tidal wetland restoration, oyster reef restoration, and island creation/restoration have benefited a number of species. State and federal agencies and non-government agencies have formed partnerships to spawn many projects ranging in size from less than 0.5 ha to ca. 1,000 ha. While most SAV, wetland, and oyster reef projects have struggled to different degrees over the past ten to twenty years with inconsistent methods, irregular monitoring, and unknown reasons for failures, recent improvements in techniques and application of adaptive management have been made. The large dredge-material island projects at Hart-Miller Island near Baltimore, Poplar Island west of Tilghman Island, Maryland, and Craney Island in Portsmouth, Virginia have provided large outdoor "laboratories" for wildlife, fishery, and wetland habitat creation. All three have proven to be important for nesting waterbirds and migrant shorebirds and waterfowl; however nesting populations at all three islands have been compromised to different degrees by predators. Restoration success for waterbirds and other natural resources depends on: (1) establishing realistic, quantifiable objectives and performance criteria, (2) continued monitoring and management (e.g., predator control), (3) targeted research to determine causality, and (4) careful evaluation under an adaptive management regime. C1 [Erwin, R. Michael] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Beck, Ruth A.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Biol, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. RP Erwin, RM (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 291 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM rme5g@virginia.edu NR 40 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 20 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2007 VL 30 SI 1 BP 163 EP 176 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2007)030[0163:ROWHIC]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 272AZ UT WOS:000253831200014 ER PT J AU Lee, CK Taylor, JP Haukos, DA Andersen, MC AF Lee, Colin K. Taylor, John P. Haukos, David A. Andersen, Mark C. TI Winter survival of Northern Pintails in the Middle Rio Grande Valley, New Mexico SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Anas acuta; New Mexico; pintail; predation; survival; Rio Grande; waterfowl; wintering ecology ID PLAYA LAKES REGION; BODY-MASS; PHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITION; ANAS-PLATYRHYNCHOS; PREDATION RISK; SHOT MALLARDS; POPULATION; VULNERABILITY; CALIFORNIA; AMERICA AB In response to continued low population numbers of Northern Pintail (Anas acuta) in North America and to increase knowledge of the geographic variation in pintail survival rates, we estimated 126-day (27 October-2 March) survival for male and female pintails wintering in the Middle Rio Grande Valley, New Mexico, during 2001-2002 (SY1) and 2002-2003 (SY2). Sixty-nine adult male and female pintails were marked with radio-transmitters and tracked throughout the study period. Weekly relocation data in relation to study year, sex, time (week), body condition at capture, and hunting seasons were modeled using the known-fate procedure in Program MARK. Year, sex, time, and body condition covariates did not improve model performance in estimating survival, so we used the most parsimonious model to produce an overall winter survival estimate of 0.597 +/- 0.077 (95% C.I. = 0.442-0.735). Weekly survival estimates did not differ between hunting and nonhunting seasons. Male and female point estimates did not differ (chi(2)(1) = 0.209, P = 0.65). Our adult female survival estimate of 0.639 +/- 0.117 (95% C.I. = 0.396-0.827) was 5.5%-28.6% lower than published estimates for adult female pintails in 5 other geographic regions. No winter survival estimates for males in other geographic regions were available for direct comparison with our study. Although relatively small sample sizes may have contributed to the lack of statistical differences in weekly survival between years, sexes, and hunting seasons, as well as to the lack of influence of body condition, relatively abundant water and food resources and absence of hunting in a refuge setting contributed to consistent survival probabilities. Because our low survival estimates, relative to other geographic regions, cannot he attributed to hunting, we postulate that natural causes of mortality play a larger role in pintail survival in our study region than in other wintering regions. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88001 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bosque Apache Natl Wildlife Refuge, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Lee, CK (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bosque Apache Natl Wildlife Refuge, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM colin_lee@fws.gov NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD JAN PY 2007 VL 67 IS 1 BP 79 EP 85 DI 10.3398/1527-0904(2007)67[79:WSONPI]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 158JB UT WOS:000245786700011 ER PT J AU Pearl, CA Adams, MJ Wente, WH AF Pearl, Christopher A. Adams, Michael J. Wente, Wendy H. TI Characteristics of Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris) oviposition sites in northeastern Oregon, USA SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Columbia spotted frog; Rana luteiventris; amphibian; breeding; communal; habitat; oviposition; pond; ranid ID HABITAT; CHOICE; TEMPERATURE; BEHAVIOR; PRETIOSA; PALOUSE; FISH AB Several western ranid frogs possess a unique Strategy of breeding communally over a short temporal window and reusing oviposition sites between years. However, little is published on the characteristics of oviposition sites selected by these explosive breeders. The Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris) is native to northwestern North America and is of conservation concern in the southern portions of its range. As part of a study examining relationships between livestock grazing and R. luteiventris habitat, we assessed characteristics of the species' oviposition sites in 25 fishless ponds in northeastern Oregon. Oviposition sites were generally in shallow water (<25 cm) close to shore and tended to be in the northeastern portion of ponds. Oviposition sites were found more frequently over heavily vegetated substrates and in areas of less substrate slope and shade than random points in littoral zones. We did not quantify temperature differences within ponds, but the patterns we documented are consistent with preferential use of warmer microhabitats for oviposition. C1 USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Pearl, CA (reprint author), USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM christopher_pearl@usgs.gov NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD JAN PY 2007 VL 67 IS 1 BP 86 EP 91 DI 10.3398/1527-0904(2007)67[86:COCSFR]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 158JB UT WOS:000245786700012 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, GS Gilmore, DW Gutierrez, RJ AF Zimmerman, Guthrie S. Gilmore, Daniel W. Gutierrez, R. J. TI Integrating grouse habitat and forestry: an example using the ruffed grouse Bonasa umbellus in Minnesota SO WILDLIFE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Grouse Symposium CY SEP 26-OCT 03, 2005 CL Luchon, FRANCE DE basal area; Bonasa umbellus; drumming habitat; forest management; ruffed grouse; tree density; tree stocking guides ID DRUMMING SITES AB We quantified forest stand attributes at ruffed grouse Bonasa umbellus drumming display sites to develop tree stocking guides as a tool for guiding ruffed grouse management. We estimated tree density and basal area surrounding grouse drumming sites and compared these with unused sites. We used model selection to assess predictions about whether tree density and basal area surrounding drumming sites varied by site classification (primary drumming site, alternate site, unused site) or forest type. We plotted the predicted values from the best model on tree stocking guides, which are tools commonly used by forest managers. Tree density and basal area varied by site classification and by forest type. Our results show that stem density was higher and basal area lower at both primary and alternate drumming sites compared to unused sites in all forest types. We also found that grouse sites in aspen stands had a greater stem density and lower basal area than grouse sites in pine and spruce/fir stands. Incorporating these results into a tree stocking guide suggested that management for grouse in aspen stands should attempt to maintain stands with average stem density and basal area for this species. In contrast, foresters who are managing for conifers and also wish to maintain some grouse habitat should favour wider spacing of trees in stands. Wider spacing will encourage the development of dense understory vegetation favoured by grouse as well as enhance the growth of quality saw-logs. Our study describes a method for incorporating habitat data on ruffed grouse and other wildlife into tree stocking charts, which are commonly used to facilitate management of forest stands. C1 Residents Comm Protect Adirondacks, N Creek, NY 12853 USA. Univ Minnesota, Cloquet Forestry Ctr, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Zimmerman, GS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM Guthrie.Zimmerman@fws.gov; dgilmore@umn.edu; gutie012@umn.edu NR 31 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILDLIFE BIOLOGY PI RONDE PA C/O JAN BERTELSEN, GRENAAVEJ 14, KALO, DK-8410 RONDE, DENMARK SN 0909-6396 J9 WILDLIFE BIOL JI Wildlife Biol. PY 2007 VL 13 SU 1 BP 51 EP 58 DI 10.2981/0909-6396(2007)13[51:IGHAFA]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 198KH UT WOS:000248626500007 ER PT J AU Golden, HN Henry, JD Becker, EF Goldstein, MI Morton, JM Frost, D Poe, AJ AF Golden, Howard N. Henry, J. David Becker, Earl F. Goldstein, Michael I. Morton, John M. Frost, Dennis, Sr. Poe, Aaron J. TI Estimating wolverine Gulo gulo population size using quadrat sampling of tracks in snow SO WILDLIFE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Wolverine Research and Management CY JUN 13-15, 2005 CL Jokkmokk, SWEDEN DE Alaska; Gulo gulo; population estimation; sample-unit probability estimator; snow tracking; wolverine; Yukon AB Low densities and wide-ranging behaviour make wolverines Gulo gulo, difficult to monitor. We used quadrat sampling of tracks in snow to estimate wolverine populations. We conducted aerial surveys in upper Turnagain Arm and the Kenai Mountains (TAKM) in south-central Alaska and in Old Crow Flats (OCF) in northern Yukon during March 2004 following procedures for the sample-unit probability estimator (SUPE). This technique uses network sampling of tracks in snow in a stratified random system of quadrats or sample units. In TAKM, we sampled 87 (51%) out of 171 quadrats within a survey area of 4,340 km(2). The estimated density was 3.0 (+/- 0.4 SE) wolverines/1,000 km(2) with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 12.0%. In OCF, we sampled 96 (71%) out of 135 quadrats within a survey area of 3,375 km(2). The estimated density was 9.7 (+/- 0.6 SE) wolverines/1,000 km(2) with a CV of 6.5%. Our results indicated that the SUPE technique is an efficient method of obtaining precise estimates of wolverine population size under markedly different environmental conditions and population densities. We suggest that, where practical, it may be a less labour-intensive and more cost-effective technique for estimating wolverine abundance compared with techniques that do not use probability sampling of tracks. C1 Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. US Forest Serv, Alaska Reg Off, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. N Yukon Renewable Resources Council, Old Crow, YT Y0B 1N0, Canada. US Forest Serv, Girdwood, AK 99587 USA. RP Golden, HN (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, 333 Raspberry Rd, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. EM howard.golden@alaska.gov; David.Henry@pc.gc.ca; earl.beeker@alaska.gov; Goldstein.MI@gmail.com; john_m_morton@fws.gov; vgrrc@yknet.ca; apoe@fs.fed.us NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 12 PU WILDLIFE BIOLOGY PI RONDE PA C/O JAN BERTELSEN, GRENAAVEJ 14, KALO, DK-8410 RONDE, DENMARK SN 0909-6396 J9 WILDLIFE BIOL JI Wildlife Biol. PY 2007 VL 13 SU 2 BP 52 EP 61 DI 10.2981/0909-6396(2007)13[52:EWGGPS]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 226KS UT WOS:000250588600006 ER PT J AU Hansen, H Hess, SC Cole, D Banko, PC AF Hansen, Heidi Hess, Steven C. Cole, David Banko, Paul C. TI Using population genetic tools to develop a control strategy for feral cats (Felis catus) in Hawai ' i SO WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE SIZE; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPES; MICROSATELLITE DATA; BIASED DISPERSAL; DOMESTIC CATS; ERADICATION; ISLAND; L.; TOXOPLASMOSIS AB Population genetics can provide information about the demographics and dynamics of invasive species that is beneficial for developing effective control strategies. We studied the population genetics of feral cats on Hawai ' i Island by microsatellite analysis to evaluate genetic diversity and population structure, assess gene flow and connectivity among three populations, identify potential source populations, characterise population dynamics, and evaluate sex-biased dispersal. High genetic diversity, low structure, and high number of migrants per generation supported high gene flow that was not limited spatially. Migration rates revealed that most migration occurred out of West Mauna Kea. Effective population size estimates indicated increasing cat populations despite control efforts. Despite high gene flow, relatedness estimates declined significantly with increased geographic distance and Bayesian assignment tests revealed the presence of three population clusters. Genetic structure and relatedness estimates indicated male-biased dispersal, primarily from Mauna Kea, suggesting that this population should be targeted for control. However, recolonisation seems likely, given the great dispersal ability that may not be inhibited by barriers such as lava flows. Genetic monitoring will be necessary to assess the effectiveness of future control efforts. Management of other invasive species may benefit by employing these population genetic tools. C1 [Hess, Steven C.; Banko, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Kilauea Field Stat, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Hansen, Heidi; Cole, David] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Kilauea Field Stat, Hawaii Cooperat Studies Unit,PACRC,UH Hilo, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. RP Hess, SC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Kilauea Field Stat, POB 44, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. EM steve_hess@usgs.gov NR 73 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 13 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1035-3712 J9 WILDLIFE RES JI Wildl. Res. PY 2007 VL 34 IS 8 BP 587 EP 596 DI 10.1071/WR07043 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 241WX UT WOS:000251687600001 ER PT S AU Yankelevich, R Wojcicka, J Iorio, S Tinger, A AF Yankelevich, Rafael Wojcicka, Jadwiga Iorio, Stephen Tinger, Alfred BE Kim, SI Suh, TS TI On Board Imager based MammoSite treatment verification SO WORLD CONGRESS ON MEDICAL PHYSICS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2006, VOL 14, PTS 1-6 SE IFMBE Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP IUPSEM, IFMBE, IOMP, KSMP, KSMBE, AAPM, AFOMP, BMES, EFOMP, IAEA, AIMBE, IEEE EMB, WHO, SIEMENS, TomoTherapy, Philips, iba, Varian, CIVCO, Elekta, Samsung DE MammoSite (R); Brachytherapy; High Dose Rate; Partial Breast Irradiation; On Board Imager ID BREAST BRACHYTHERAPY APPLICATOR; INITIAL CLINICAL-EXPERIENCE; CANCER; THERAPY; MASTECTOMY; LUMPECTOMY AB Contemporary radiation oncology departments are often lacking a conventional simulator due to common use of virtual simulation and recent implementation of image guided radiation therapy. A MammoSite (R) program was developed using CT based planning, a Source Position Simulator (SPS) with a Simulator Wire and a linear accelerator based On Board Imager (OBI) for daily verification. After MammoSite (R) balloon implantation, the patient undergoes a CT study. The images are evaluated for tissue conformance, balloon symmetry, and balloon surface to skin distance according to the departmental procedure. Prior to the CT study the SPS is attached to the transfer tube that in turn is attached to the balloon catheter. The length from the indexer to the first dwell position is measured using the Simulator Wire with X-ray markers. After the CT study is performed, the data set is sent to both the Varian Eclipse treatment planning system (TPS) and to the Nucletron PLATO Brachytherapy Planning System. The reference digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs) of the anterior and lateral setup fields are created using Eclipse TPS and are immediately available on the OBI console via the Varian Vision integrated system. The source dwell position coinciding with the balloon center is identified in the CT dataset, followed by the offset calculation, catheter reconstruction, dose points placement and dwell time calculation. OBI fluoroscopy images are acquired and marked as initial. Prior to each treatment fraction balloon diameter and symmetry are evaluated using OBI fluoroscopy and tools available on the OBI console. Acquired images are compared with reference DRRs and/or initial OBI images. The whole process from initial evaluation to daily verification is filmless and does not undermine the precision of the procedure. This verification time does not exceed 10 minutes. The balloon diameter correlates well (within 1mm) between initial CT and OBI verification images. The balloon symmetry is defined with 1 min accuracy using existing OBI console tools. It is feasible to use OBI based simulation for the MammoSite (R) balloon placement evaluation, balloon integrity daily verification, and treatment dwell position coincidence with balloon center. This verification is a rapid process and is an alternative to the conventional simulator based technique. The introduced Simulator Wire with X-Ray Markers for the SPS is the recommended tool for the CT based MammoSite (R) procedure. C1 [Wojcicka, Jadwiga] York Canc Ctr, Apple Hill Med Ctr, 25 Monument Road, York, PA 17403 USA. [Yankelevich, Rafael; Iorio, Stephen; Tinger, Alfred] 21st Century Oncol, Ft Myers, FL USA. [Yankelevich, Rafael; Iorio, Stephen; Tinger, Alfred] North Westchester Hosp, Mt Kisco, NY USA. [Yankelevich, Rafael] 21st Century Oncol, NWHC, Mt Kisco, NY USA. RP Wojcicka, J (reprint author), York Canc Ctr, Apple Hill Med Ctr, 25 Monument Road, York, PA 17403 USA. EM ryankele@rtsx.com NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1680-0737 BN 978-3-540-36839-7 J9 IFMBE PROC PY 2007 VL 14 BP 1937 EP + PN 1-6 PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIM52 UT WOS:000260855900471 ER PT J AU Johnson, JR Grundy, WM Lemmon, MT Bell, JF Johnson, MJ Deen, R Arvidson, RE Farrand, WH Guinness, E Hayes, AG Herkenhoff, KE Seelos, F Soderblom, J Squyres, S AF Johnson, Jeffrey R. Grundy, William M. Lemmon, Mark T. Bell, James F., III Johnson, Miles J. Deen, Robert Arvidson, R. E. Farrand, W. H. Guinness, E. Hayes, Alexander G. Herkenhoff, K. E. Seelos, F. Soderblom, J. Squyres, S. TI Spectrophotometric properties of materials observed by Pancam on the Mars Exploration Rovers: 2. Opportunity SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID MERIDIANI-PLANUM; PHOTOMETRIC PROPERTIES; MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE; LIGHT-SCATTERING; BURNS FORMATION; SURFACE; DUST; SOIL; PATHFINDER; PARTICLES AB The Panoramic Camera (Pancam) on the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity acquired visible/near-infrared multispectral observations of soils and rocks under varying viewing and illumination geometries that were modeled using radiative transfer theory to improve interpretations of the microphysical and surface scattering nature of materials in Meridiani Planum. Nearly 25,000 individual measurements were collected of rock and soil units identified by their color and morphologic properties over a wide range of phase angles (0-150 degrees) at Eagle crater, in the surrounding plains, in Endurance crater, and in the plains between Endurance and Erebus craters through Sol 492. Corrections for diffuse skylight incorporated sky models based on observations of atmospheric opacity throughout the mission. Disparity maps created from Pancam stereo images allowed inclusion of local facet orientation estimates. Outcrop rocks overall exhibited the highest single scattering albedos (<= 0.9 at 753 nm), and most spherule-rich soils exhibited the lowest (<= 0.6 at 753 nm). Macroscopic roughness among outcrop rocks varied but was typically larger than spherule-rich soils. Data sets with sufficient phase angle coverage (resulting in well-constrained Hapke parameters) suggested that models using single-term and two-term Henyey-Greenstein phase functions exhibit a dominantly broad backscattering trend for most undisturbed spherule-rich soils. Rover tracks and other compressed soils exhibited forward scattering, while outcrop rocks were intermediate in their scattering behaviors. Some phase functions exhibited wavelength-dependent trends that may result from variations in thin deposits of airfall dust that occurred during the mission. C1 US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86004 USA. Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. MIT, Lincoln Lab, Boston, MA 02139 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 21218 USA. RP Johnson, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86004 USA. EM jrjohnson@usgs.gov RI Lemmon, Mark/E-9983-2010; Hayes, Alexander/P-2024-2014; Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015; Seelos, Frank/C-7875-2016; OI Lemmon, Mark/0000-0002-4504-5136; Hayes, Alexander/0000-0001-6397-2630; Seelos, Frank/0000-0001-9721-941X; Soderblom, Jason/0000-0003-3715-6407 NR 44 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD DEC 30 PY 2006 VL 111 IS E12 AR E12S16 DI 10.1029/2006JE002762 PG 39 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 124DE UT WOS:000243346700002 ER PT J AU Ruff, SW Christensen, PR Blaney, DL Farrand, WH Johnson, JR Michalski, JR Moersch, JE Wright, SP Squyres, SW AF Ruff, S. W. Christensen, P. R. Blaney, D. L. Farrand, W. H. Johnson, J. R. Michalski, J. R. Moersch, J. E. Wright, S. P. Squyres, S. W. TI The rocks of Gusev Crater as viewed by the Mini-TES instrument SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; MARS EXPLORATION ROVERS; SPIRIT ROVER; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; MARTIAN SURFACE; BASALTIC ROCKS; MOSSBAUER SPECTROMETER; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; PARTICLE-SIZE; MGS-TES AB The Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES) on board the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit is part of a payload designed to investigate whether a lake once existed in Gusev Crater. Mini-TES has observed hundreds of rocks along the rover's traverse into the Columbia Hills, yielding information on their distribution, bulk mineralogy, and the potential role of water at the site. Although dust in various forms produces contributions to the spectra, we have established techniques for dealing with it. All of the rocks encountered on the plains traverse from the lander to the base of the Columbia Hills share common spectral features consistent with an olivine-rich basaltic rock known as Adirondack Class. Beginning at the base of the West Spur of the Columbia Hills and across its length, the rocks are spectrally distinct from the plains but can be grouped into a common type called Clovis Class. These rocks, some of which appear as in-place outcrop, are dominated by a component whose spectral character is consistent with unaltered basaltic glass despite evidence from other rover instruments for significant alteration. The northwest flank of Husband Hill is covered in float rocks known as Wishstone Class with spectral features that can be attributed uniquely to plagioclase feldspar, a phase that represents more than half of the bulk mineralogy. Rare exceptions are three classes of basaltic "exotics" found scattered across Husband Hill that may represent impact ejecta and/or float derived from local intrusions within the hills. The rare outcrops observed on Husband Hill display distinctive spectral characteristics. The outcrop called Peace shows a feature attributable to molecular bound water, and the outcrop that hosts the rock called Watchtower displays a dominant basaltic glass component. Despite evidence from the rover's payload for significant alteration of some of the rocks, no unambiguous detection of crystalline phyllosilicates or other secondary silicates has been observed by Mini-TES. The mineralogical results supplied by Mini-TES provide no clear evidence that a lake once existed in Gusev Crater. C1 Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Ruff, SW (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM steve.ruff@asu.edu RI Moersch, Jeffrey/F-7189-2010; Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015 NR 73 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD DEC 30 PY 2006 VL 111 IS E12 AR E12S18 DI 10.1029/2006JE002747 PG 36 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 124DE UT WOS:000243346700001 ER PT J AU Swarzenski, PW Burnett, WC Greenwood, WJ Herut, B Peterson, R Dimova, N Shalem, Y Yechieli, Y Weinstein, Y AF Swarzenski, P. W. Burnett, W. C. Greenwood, W. J. Herut, B. Peterson, R. Dimova, N. Shalem, Y. Yechieli, Y. Weinstein, Y. TI Combined time-series resistivity and geochemical tracer techniques to examine submarine groundwater discharge at Dor Beach, Israel SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL CHANGES; COASTAL ZONE; RN-222; TRANSPORT; EXCHANGE; ESTUARY; INPUTS; OCEAN AB A high-resolution, stationary geophysical and geochemical survey was conducted at Dor Beach, Israel, to examine the shallow coastal hydrogeology and its control on the exchange of submarine groundwater with the shallow Mediterranean Sea. Time-series resistivity profiles using a new 56 electrode (112-m long) marine cable produced detailed profiles of the fresh water/salt water interface and the subtle response of this interface to tidal excursions and other forcing factors. Such information, when ground-truthed with representative pore water salinities and formation resistivity values, can provide unique information of the extent and rates of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD). Time-series Rn-222 measurements of the adjacent coastal water column complemented these geophysical techniques and were modeled to yield integrated advective flow rates across the sediment/water interface, which at Dor Beach ranged from about 0 to 30 cm day(-1) (mean = 7.1 cm d(-1)), depending on the tidal range. Such results suggest that the underlying hydrogeologic framework at Dor is favorable for substantial SGD. Extrapolating these SGD estimates across a 100-m wide coastal zone implies that the Rn-derived SGD rate would equal similar to 7.1 m(3) d(-1) per m of shoreline, and that the source of this discharging groundwater is a complex mixture of fresh groundwater derived from the upland Kurkar deposits, as well as locally recycled seawater. C1 US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. ETI, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Israel Oceanog & Limnol Res, IL-31080 Haifa, Israel. Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. Geol Survey Israel, IL-95501 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Swarzenski, PW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM pswarzen@usgs.gov NR 17 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 23 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 24 AR L24405 DI 10.1029/2006GL028282 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 120SN UT WOS:000243106300006 ER PT J AU ten Brink, US Al-Zoubi, AS Flores, CH Rotstein, Y Qabbani, I Harder, SH Keller, GR AF ten Brink, Uri S. Al-Zoubi, Abdallah S. Flores, Claudia H. Rotstein, Yair Qabbani, Isam Harder, Steve H. Keller, G. Randy TI Seismic imaging of deep low-velocity zone beneath the Dead Sea basin and transform fault: Implications for strain localization and crustal rigidity SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; CALIFORNIA; DEFORMATION; EARTHQUAKE; STRENGTH; ANDREAS; SHEAR; RIFT; FLOW AB New seismic observations from the Dead Sea basin (DSB), a large pull-apart basin along the Dead Sea transform (DST) plate boundary, show a low velocity zone extending to a depth of 18 km under the basin. The lower crust and Moho are not perturbed. These observations are incompatible with the current view of mid-crustal strength at low temperatures and with support of the basin's negative load by a rigid elastic plate. Strain softening in the middle crust is invoked to explain the isostatic compensation and the rapid subsidence of the basin during the Pleistocene. Whether the deformation is influenced by the presence of fluids and by a long history of seismic activity on the DST, and what the exact softening mechanism is, remain open questions. The uplift surrounding the DST also appears to be an upper crustal phenomenon but its relationship to a mid-crustal strength minimum is less clear. The shear deformation associated with the transform plate boundary motion appears, on the other hand, to cut throughout the entire crust. C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Al Balqa Appl Univ, Surveying & Geomat Dept, Salt 19117, Jordan. Geophys Inst Israel, Lod, Israel. Univ Texas, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. Nat Resources Author, Amman 11118, Jordan. RP ten Brink, US (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM utenbrink@usgs.gov RI ten Brink, Uri/A-1258-2008 OI ten Brink, Uri/0000-0001-6858-3001 NR 32 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 23 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 24 AR L24314 DI 10.1029/2006GL027890 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 120SN UT WOS:000243106300002 ER PT J AU Woodman, N Timm, RM AF Woodman, Neal Timm, Robert M. TI Characters and phylogenetic relationships of nectar-feeding bats, with descriptions of new Lonchophylla from western South America (Mammalia : Chiroptera : Phyllostomidae : Lonchophyllini) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article ID PERU AB The Neotropical Lonchophyllini (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) currently comprise four genera and thirteen species of nectar-feeding bats. These species often are separated into larger-bodied (eight species) and smaller-bodied (five species) forms to aid in identification. Our morphological and morphometrical analyses of the smaller Lonchophyllini revealed the existence of two distinctive, previously undescribed species of bats of the genus Lonchophylla from western South America. We describe a new form from Amazonian Peru as Lonchophylla pattoni and one from western Colombia as Lonchophylla cadenai. Phyllogenetic analysis of the Lonchophyllini based primarily on morphological characters indicates that these two new species are closely related to Lonchophylla thomasi. C1 Museum Natl Hist Nat, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, MRC, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Kansas, Museum Nat Hist, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Woodman, N (reprint author), Museum Natl Hist Nat, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, MRC, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM btimm@ku.edu NR 52 TC 9 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 10 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD DEC 22 PY 2006 VL 119 IS 4 BP 437 EP 476 DI 10.2988/0006-324X(2006)119[437:CAPRON]2.0.CO;2 PG 40 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 122GD UT WOS:000243212800001 ER PT J AU Singer, MB Dunne, T AF Singer, Michael Bliss Dunne, Thomas TI Modeling the influence of river rehabilitation scenarios on bed material sediment flux in a large river over decadal timescales SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SALMONID SPAWNING GRAVELS; SACRAMENTO VALLEY; HYDROLOGIC ALTERATION; RIPARIAN FORESTS; TRANSPORT; CALIFORNIA; HABITAT; ECOSYSTEMS; RESTORATION; DEPOSITION AB [ 1] A stochastic flood generator and calibrated sediment transport formulae were used to assess the decadal impact of major river rehabilitation strategies on two fraction bed material sediment flux and net storage, first-order indicators of aquatic riverine habitat, in a large river system. Model boundary conditions were modified to reflect the implementation of three major river rehabilitation strategies being considered in the Sacramento River Valley: gravel augmentation, setting back of levees, and flow alteration. Fifty 30-year model simulations were used to compute probabilities of the response in sediment flux and net storage to these strategies. Total annual average bed material sediment flux estimates were made at six gauged river cross sections, and similar to 60 km reach-scale sediment budgets were evaluated between them. Gravel augmentation to improve spawning habitat induced gravel accumulation locally and/or downstream, depending on the added mixture. Levee setbacks to recreate the river corridor reduced flow stages for most flows and hence lowered sediment flux. Flow alteration to mimic natural flow regimes systematically decreased total annual average flux, suggesting that high-magnitude low-frequency transport events do not affect long-term trends in bed material flux. The results indicate that each rehabilitation strategy reduces sediment transport in its target reaches and modulates imbalances in total annual bed material sediment budgets at the reach scale. Additional risk analysis is necessary to identify extreme conditions associated with variable hydrology that could affect rehabilitation over decades. Sensitivity analysis suggests that sorting of bed material sediment is the most important determinant of modeled transport and storage patterns. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Donald Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Singer, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 472, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM bliss@bren.ucsb.edu RI Dunne, Thomas/B-6374-2014 OI Dunne, Thomas/0000-0002-5281-6517 NR 56 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 21 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 12 AR W12415 DI 10.1029/2006WR004894 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 120UQ UT WOS:000243112100001 ER PT J AU Grunewald, ED Stein, RS AF Grunewald, Elliot D. Stein, Ross S. TI A new 1649-1884 catalog of destructive earthquakes near Tokyo and implications for the long-term seismic process SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID BOSO PENINSULA; KANTO DISTRICT; CENTRAL JAPAN; MAGNITUDE; SIMULATION; RUPTURE; MODEL; PART AB In order to assess the long-term character of seismicity near Tokyo, we construct an intensity-based catalog of damaging earthquakes that struck the greater Tokyo area between 1649 and 1884. Models for 15 historical earthquakes are developed using calibrated intensity attenuation relations that quantitatively convey uncertainties in event location and magnitude, as well as their covariance. The historical catalog is most likely complete for earthquakes M >= 6.7; the largest earthquake in the catalog is the 1703 M similar to 8.2 Genroku event. Seismicity rates from 80 years of instrumental records, which include the 1923 M = 7.9 Kanto shock, as well as interevent times estimated from the past similar to 7000 years of paleoseismic data, are combined with the historical catalog to define a frequency-magnitude distribution for 4.5 <= M <= 8.2, which is well described by a truncated Gutenberg-Richter relation with a b value of 0.96 and a maximum magnitude of 8.4. Large uncertainties associated with the intensity-based catalog are propagated by a Monte Carlo simulation to estimations of the scalar moment rate. The resulting best estimate of moment rate during 1649-2003 is 1.35 x 10(26) dyn cm yr(-1) with considerable uncertainty at the 1 sigma level: (-0.11, + 0.20) x 10(26) dyn cm yr(-1). Comparison with geodetic models of the interseismic deformation indicates that the geodetic moment accumulation and likely moment release rate are roughly balanced over the catalog period. This balance suggests that the extended catalog is representative of long-term seismic processes near Tokyo and so can be used to assess earthquake probabilities. The resulting Poisson (or time-averaged) 30-year probability for M >= 7.9 earthquakes is 7-11%. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Grunewald, ED (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, 397 Panama Mall,Mitchell Bldg 360, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM elliotg@pangea.stanford.edu NR 32 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 20 PY 2006 VL 111 IS B12 AR B12306 DI 10.1029/2005JB004059 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 120TO UT WOS:000243109100001 ER PT J AU Parsons, T AF Parsons, Tom TI M >= 7.0 earthquake recurrence on the San Andreas fault from a stress renewal model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; FAILURE; SLIP; ACCUMULATION; LITHOSPHERE; RUPTURE; COULOMB; SYSTEM; MANTLE; CRUST AB [ 1] Forecasting M >= 7.0 San Andreas fault earthquakes requires an assessment of their expected frequency. I used a three-dimensional finite element model of California to calculate volumetric static stress drops from scenario M >= 7.0 earthquakes on three San Andreas fault sections. The ratio of stress drop to tectonic stressing rate derived from geodetic displacements yielded recovery times at points throughout the model volume. Under a renewal model, stress recovery times on ruptured fault planes can be a proxy for earthquake recurrence. I show curves of magnitude versus stress recovery time for three San Andreas fault sections. When stress recovery times were converted to expected M >= 7.0 earthquake frequencies, they fit Gutenberg-Richter relationships well matched to observed regional rates of M <= 6.0 earthquakes. Thus a stress-balanced model permits large earthquake Gutenberg- Richter behavior on an individual fault segment, though it does not require it. Modeled slip magnitudes and their expected frequencies were consistent with those observed at the Wrightwood paleoseismic site if strict time predictability does not apply to the San Andreas fault. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Parsons, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM tparsons@usgs.gov RI Parsons, Tom/A-3424-2008; OI Parsons, Tom/0000-0002-0582-4338 NR 41 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 19 PY 2006 VL 111 IS B12 AR B12305 DI 10.1029/2006JB004415 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 120TM UT WOS:000243108900003 ER PT J AU Garcia-Garcia, A Orange, D Lorenson, T Radakovitch, O Tesi, T Miserocchi, S Berne, S Friend, PL Nittrouer, C Normand, A AF Garcia-Garcia, A. Orange, D. Lorenson, T. Radakovitch, O. Tesi, T. Miserocchi, S. Berne, S. Friend, P. L. Nittrouer, C. Normand, A. TI Shallow gas off the Rhone prodelta, Gulf of Lions SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE shallow gas; biogenic methane; flood deposits; Rhone prodelta; Gulf of Lions ID ANAEROBIC METHANE OXIDATION; WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN SEA; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; ORGANIC-CARBON; RIVER PLUME; PLEISTOCENE DEPOSITS; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; SULFATE REDUCTION; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; COASTAL ZONE AB Sediment cores acquired in 2004 off the Rhone prodelta show consistent anomalous methane concentrations of up to 87,440 ppm. Methane compositional and isotopic data support a biogenic origin, although there are a few sites that show strongly depleted delta C-13 values (-53%o PDB) suggesting a mixed source for the gas (biogenic and thermogenic). Anomalous methane concentrations (samples with more than 90 ppm) are discussed and integrated with organic carbon data, sedimentary rates and ADCP profiles. Highest gas concentrations were found directly off the river mouth (20-40 m water depth) and where the IFREMER models point to the thickest accumulation (> 2 m) in response to the Rhone flood event. In areas unaffected by the high flux of organic matter and rapid/thick flood deposition, or in between flood events, the conditions for methanogenesis and gas accumulation have not been met; in these areas, the physical and biological reworking of the surficial sediment may effectively oxidize and mineralize organic matter and limit bacterial methanogenesis in the sub-surface. We propose that in the Rhone prodelta flood deposits deliver significant amounts of terrigenous organic matter that can be rapidly buried, effectively removing this organic matter from aerobic oxidation and biological uptake and leading to the potential for methanogenesis with burial. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. AOA Geophys Inc, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. CEREGE, F-13545 Aix En Provence, France. CNR, ISMAR, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. IFREMER, F-29280 Plouzane, France. Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Southampton, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci, SOC, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. RP Garcia-Garcia, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM agarcia@es.ucsc.edu RI CNR, Ismar/P-1247-2014; Miserocchi, Stefano/P-7168-2015; tesi, tommaso/N-7525-2013; OI CNR, Ismar/0000-0001-5351-1486; Miserocchi, Stefano/0000-0002-6315-8919; tesi, tommaso/0000-0002-1283-9167; tesi, tommaso/0000-0002-1686-3375 NR 84 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 EI 1872-6151 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD DEC 18 PY 2006 VL 234 IS 1-4 BP 215 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2006.09.005 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 122UR UT WOS:000243253100013 ER PT J AU Soule, SA Fornari, DJ Perfit, MR Ridley, WI Reed, MH Cann, JR AF Soule, S. Adam Fornari, Daniel J. Perfit, Michael R. Ridley, W. Ian Reed, Mark H. Cann, Johnson R. TI Incorporation of seawater into mid-ocean ridge lava flows during emplacement SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE submarine; lava; mid-ocean ridge; seawater; vapor; thermochemical modeling ID DE-FUCA RIDGE; VOLCANIC GASES; OCEAN CRUST; SUBMARINE; VESICLES; BASALTS; RISE; ASSIMILATION; CONSTRAINTS; ERUPTION AB Evidence for the interaction between seawater and lava during emplacement on the deep seafloor can be observed in solidified flows at a variety of scales including rapid quenching of their outer crusts and the formation of lava pillars through the body of the flow. Recently, an additional interaction, incorporation of heated seawater (vapor) into the body of a flow, has been proposed. Large voids and vesicles beneath the surface crusts of mid-ocean ridge crest lobate and sheet lava flows and lava drips found within those cavities have been cited as evidence for this interaction. The voids resulting from this interaction contribute to the high porosity of the shallow ocean crust and play an important role in crustal permeability and hydrothermal circulation at mid-ocean ridges, and thus it is important to understand their origin. We analyze lava samples from the fast-spreading East Pacific Rise and intermediate-spreading Galapagos Spreading Center to characterize this process, identify the source of the vapor, and investigate the implications this would have on submarine lava flow dynamics. We find that lava samples that have interacted with a vapor have a zone of increased vesicularity on the underside of the lava crust and a coating of precipitate minerals (i.e., crystal fringe) that are distinct in form and composition from those crystallized from the melt. We use thermochemical modeling to simulate the reaction between the lava and a vapor and find that only with seawater can we reproduce the phase assemblage we observe within the crystal fringes present in the samples. Model results suggest that large-scale contamination of the lava by mass exchange with the vapor is unlikely, but we observe local enrichment of the lava in Cl resulting from the incorporation of a brine phase separated from the seawater. We suggest that high eruption rates are necessary for seawater incorporation to occur, but the mechanism by which seawater enters the flow has yet to be resolved. A persistent vapor phase may be important in inhibiting the collapse of lava flow roofs during natural waxing and waning of lava levels during emplacement allowing lava pathways to be maintained during long lived eruptions. In addition, we illustrate the potential for a persistent vapor layer to increase local flow rates within submarine flows by up to a factor of three, thereby influencing how lava is distributed across the ridge crest. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Geol & Geophys Dept, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Leeds, Sch Earth Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. RP Soule, SA (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Geol & Geophys Dept, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM ssoule@whoi.edu OI Soule, Adam/0000-0002-4691-6300 NR 63 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 252 IS 3-4 BP 289 EP 307 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.09.043 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 122UE UT WOS:000243251700005 ER PT J AU Caldwell, CA Swartzendruber, P Prestbo, E AF Caldwell, Colleen A. Swartzendruber, Philip Prestbo, Eric TI Concentration and dry deposition of mercury species in arid south central New Mexico (2001-2002) SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REACTIVE GASEOUS MERCURY; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; LAKE MICHIGAN; AMBIENT AIR; EMISSIONS; TRANSPORT; FATE AB This research was initiated to characterize atmospheric deposition of reactive gaseous mercury (RGM), particulate mercury (HgP; < 2.5 mu m), and gaseous elemental mercury (Hg-0) in the arid lands of south central New Mexico. Two methods were field-tested to estimate dry deposition of three mercury species. A manual speciation sampling train consisting of a KCl-coated denuder, 2.5 mu m quartz fiber filters, and gold-coated quartz traps and an ion-exchange membrane (as a passive surrogate surface) were deployed concurrently over 24-h intervals for an entire year. The mean 24-h atmospheric concentration for RGM was 6.8 pg m(-3) with an estimated deposition of 0.10 ng m(-2) h(-1). The estimated deposition of mercury to the passive surrogate surface was much greater (4.0 ng m(-2) h(-1)) but demonstrated a diurnal pattern with elevated deposition from late afternoon to late evening (1400 - 2200; 8.0 ng m(-2) h(-1)) and lowest deposition during the night just prior to sunrise (2200 - 0600; 1.7 ng m(-2) h(-1)). The mean 24-h atmospheric concentrations for HgP and Hg-0 were 1.52 pg m(-3) and 1.59 ng m(-3), respectively. Diurnal patterns were observed for RGM with atmospheric levels lowest during the night prior to sunrise (3.8 pg m(-3)) and greater during the afternoon and early evening (8.9 pg m(-3)). Discernible diurnal patterns were not observed for either HgP or Hg-0. The total dry deposition of Hg was 5.9 mu g m(-2) year(-1) with the contribution from the three species as follows: RGM (0.88 mu g m(-2) year(-1)), HgP (0.025 mu g m(-2) year(-1)), and Hg-0 (5.0 mu g m(-2) year(-1)). The annual wet deposition for total mercury throughout the same collection duration was 4.2 mu g m(-2) year(-1), resulting in an estimated total deposition of 10.1 mu g m(-2) year(-1) for Hg. On one sampling date, enhanced HgP (12 pg m(-3)) was observed due to emissions from a wildfire approximately 250 km to the east. C1 New Mexico State Univ, US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Frontier Geosci Inc, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. RP Caldwell, CA (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Box 30003,MSC 4901, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM ccaldwel@nmsu.edu RI Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011 NR 22 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 24 BP 7535 EP 7540 DI 10.1021/es0609957 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 116HP UT WOS:000242793400017 PM 17256491 ER PT J AU Nolan, BT Hitt, KJ AF Nolan, Bernard T. Hitt, Kerie J. TI Vulnerability of shallow groundwater and drinking-water wells to nitrate in the United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AQUIFER SUSCEPTIBILITY; RISK; CONTAMINATION; PROBABILITY; PESTICIDES; QUALITY AB Two nonlinear models were developed at the national scale to (1) predict contamination of shallow ground water (typically < 5 m deep) by nitrate from nonpoint sources and (2) to predict ambient nitrate concentration in deeper supplies used for drinking. The new models have several advantages over previous national-scale approaches. First, they predict nitrate concentration (rather than probability of occurrence), which can be directly compared with waterquality criteria. Second, the models share a mechanistic structure that segregates nitrogen (N) sources and physical factors that enhance or restrict nitrate transport and accumulation in ground water. Finally, data were spatially averaged to minimize small-scale variability so that the largescale influences of N loading, climate, and aquifer characteristics could more readily be identified. Results indicate that areas with high N application, high water input, well-drained soils, fractured rocks or those with high effective porosity, and lack of attenuation processes have the highest predicted nitrate concentration. The shallow groundwater model (mean square error or MSE=2.96) yielded a coefficient of determination (R-2) of 0.801, indicating that much of the variation in nitrate concentration is explained by the model. Moderate to severe nitrate contamination is predicted to occur in the High Plains, northern Midwest, and selected other areas. The drinking-water model performed comparably (MSE=2.00, R-2=0.767) and predicts that the number of users on private wells and residing in moderately contaminated areas (> 5 to <= 10 mg/L nitrate) decreases by 12% when simulation depth increases from 10 to 50 m. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 413, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Nolan, BT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 413, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM t.nolan@brgm.fr NR 35 TC 79 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 24 BP 7834 EP 7840 DI 10.1021/es060911u PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 116HP UT WOS:000242793400061 PM 17256535 ER PT J AU Reynolds-Hogland, MJ Mitchell, MS Powell, RA AF Reynolds-Hogland, Melissa J. Mitchell, Michael S. Powell, Roger A. TI Spatio-temporal availability of soft mast in clearcuts in the Southern Appalachians SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE clearcuts; habitat; timber harvesting; wildlife ID FOREST SUCCESSION; BLACK BEARS; DYNAMICS; REGENERATION; SELECTION; WILDLIFE; FIRE AB Soft mast is an important resource for many wild populations in the Southern Appalachians, yet the way clear-cutting affects availability of soft mast though time is not fully understood. We tested a theoretical model of temporal availability of soft mast in clearcuts using empirical data on percent cover and berry production of Gaylussacia, Vaccinium, and Rubus spp. plants in 100 stands that were clearcut (0-122 years old) in the Southern Appalachian Mountains. We modeled the relationship between soft mast availability and stand age, evaluated the effects of topography and forest type on soft mast, developed statistical models for predicting the spatio-temporal distribution of soft mast, and tested the hypothesis that percent cover of berry plants and berry production provided similar information about soft mast availability. We found temporal dynamics explained berry production better than it predicted percent plant cover, whereas topographic variables influenced percent plant cover more than they influenced berry production. Berry production and percent plant cover were highest in similar to 2-9-year-old stands. Percent plant cover was lowest in 10-69-year-old stands and intermediate in 70+-year-old stands. Three of our spatio-temporal models performed well during model testing and they were not biased by the training data, indicating the inferences about spatio-temporal availability of soft mast extended beyond our sample data. The methods we used to estimate the distribution of soft mast may be useful for modeling distributions of other resources. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, David Clark Labs 241, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Reynolds-Hogland, MJ (reprint author), 559 Grandview Dr, Stevensville, MT 59870 USA. EM meljor1@yahoo.com RI Mitchell, Michael/H-1117-2011 NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 237 IS 1-3 BP 103 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.09.035 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 122MK UT WOS:000243230900010 ER PT J AU Ullah, S Faulkner, SP AF Ullah, Sami Faulkner, Stephen P. TI Use of cotton gin trash to enhance denitrification in restored forested wetlands SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bottomland hardwood forests; cotton gin trash; denitrification; Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley; N2O : N-2 emission ratio; water quality; wetland restoration ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER-BASIN; NITROUS-OXIDE FLUXES; UNITED-STATES; SOILS; EMISSION; TEMPERATURE; PHOSPHORUS; RETENTION; GRASSLAND; BUFFER AB Lower Mississippi Valley (LMV) has lost about 80% bottomland hardwood forests, mainly to agriculture. This landscape scale alteration of the LMV resulted in the loss of nitrate (NO3) removal capacity of the valley, contributing to nitrogen (N)-enhanced eutrophication and potentially hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Restoration of hardwood forests in the LMV is a highly recommended practice to reduce NO3 load of the Mississippi River. However, restored bottomland forests take decades to develop characteristic ecological functions including denitrifier activity. One way to enhance denitrifier activity in restored wetland forests is to amend the soils with an available carbon (C) source. This research investigated the effects of cotton gin trash (CGT) amendment on denitrification rate and N2O:N-2 eMission ratio from a restored bottomland forest soils and compared it to those from an adjacent unamended natural forest soils. CGT amendment increased denitrification rates in the restored forest soils to the level of the natural forest soils. NO:N, emission ratios from the restored and natural forest soils were highly variable and were not significantly different from each other. These findings suggest that restoration of bottomland hardwood forests in the LMV will require organic carbon amendment to achieve enhanced denitrifier activity for NO3 removal while the restored forest is developing into a mature state over time. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Wetland Biogeochem Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USGS Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Ullah, S (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Geog, Global Environm & Climate Change Ctr, 610 Burnside Hall,805 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. EM sami.ullah@mcgill.ca NR 40 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 237 IS 1-3 BP 557 EP 563 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.09.075 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 122MK UT WOS:000243230900055 ER PT J AU Wang, A Freeman, JJ Jolliff, BL Chou, IM AF Wang, Alian Freeman, John J. Jolliff, Bradley L. Chou, I-Ming TI Sulfates on Mars: A systematic Raman spectroscopic study of hydration states of magnesium sulfates SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID X-RAY SPECTROMETER; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; PLANETARY SURFACES; MARTIAN METEORITE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; SULFURIC-ACID; GUSEV CRATER AB The martian orbital and landed surface missions, OMEGA on Mar Express and the two Mars Explorations Rovers, respectively, have yielded evidence pointing to the presence of magnesium sulfates on the martian surface. In situ identification of the hydration states of magnesium sulfates, as well as the hydration states of other Ca- and Fe- sulfates, will be crucial in future landed missions on Mars in order to advance our knowledge of the hydrologic history of Mars as well as the potential for hosting life on Mars. Raman spectroscopy is a technique well-suited for landed missions on the martian surface. In this paper, we report a systematic study of the Raman spectra of the hydrates of magnesium sulfate. Characteristic and distinct Raman spectral patterns were observed for each of the 11 distinct hydrates of magnesium sulfates, crystalline and non-crystalline. The unique Raman spectral features along with the general tendency of the shift of the position of the sulfate v, band towards higher wavenumbers with a decrease in the degree of hydration allow in situ identification of these hydrated magnesium sulfates from the raw Raman spectra of mixtures. Using these Raman spectral features, we have started the study of the stability field of hydrated magnesium sulfates and the pathways of their transformations at various temperature and relative humidity conditions. In particular we report on the Raman spectrum of an amorphous hydrate of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4 center dot 2H(2)O) that may have specific relevance for the martian surface. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Washington Univ, McDonnell Ctr Space Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Wang, A (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM alianw@levee.wustl.edu NR 72 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 2 U2 44 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 70 IS 24 BP 6118 EP 6135 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.05.022 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 121OF UT WOS:000243166200013 ER PT J AU Squyres, SW Arvidson, RE Bollen, D Bell, JF Bruckner, J Cabrol, NA Calvin, WM Carr, MH Christensen, PR Clark, BC Crumpler, L Des Marais, DJ d'Uston, C Economou, T Farmer, J Farrand, WH Folkner, W Gellert, R Glotch, TD Golombek, M Gorevan, S Grant, JA Greeley, R Grotzinger, J Herkenhoff, KE Hviid, S Johnson, JR Klingelhofer, G Knoll, AH Landis, G Lemmon, M Li, R Madsen, MB Malin, MC McLennan, SM McSween, HY Ming, DW Moersch, J Morris, RV Parker, T Rice, JW Richter, L Rieder, R Schroder, C Sims, M Smith, M Smith, P Soderblom, LA Sullivan, R Tosca, NJ Wanke, H Wdowiak, T Wolff, M Yen, A AF Squyres, S. W. Arvidson, R. E. Bollen, D. Bell, J. F., III Brueckner, J. Cabrol, N. A. Calvin, W. M. Carr, M. H. Christensen, P. R. Clark, B. C. Crumpler, L. Des Marais, D. J. d'Uston, C. Economou, T. Farmer, J. Farrand, W. H. Folkner, W. Gellert, R. Glotch, T. D. Golombek, M. Gorevan, S. Grant, J. A. Greeley, R. Grotzinger, J. Herkenhoff, K. E. Hviid, S. Johnson, J. R. Klingelhoefer, G. Knoll, A. H. Landis, G. Lemmon, M. Li, R. Madsen, M. B. Malin, M. C. McLennan, S. M. McSween, H. Y. Ming, D. W. Moersch, J. Morris, R. V. Parker, T. Rice, J. W., Jr. Richter, L. Rieder, R. Schroeder, C. Sims, M. Smith, M. Smith, P. Soderblom, L. A. Sullivan, R. Tosca, N. J. Waenke, H. Wdowiak, T. Wolff, M. Yen, A. TI Overview of the Opportunity Mars Exploration Rover mission to Meridiani Planum: Eagle crater to Purgatory ripple SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID HEMATITE MINERALIZATION; LANDING SITE; MINERALOGY; SPECTROMETER; ROCKS; WATER; CHEMISTRY; JAROSITE; STREAKS; SOILS AB The Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity touched down at Meridiani Planum in January 2004 and since then has been conducting observations with the Athena science payload. The rover has traversed more than 5 km, carrying out the first outcrop-scale investigation of sedimentary rocks on Mars. The rocks of Meridiani Planum are sandstones formed by eolian and aqueous reworking of sand grains that are composed of mixed fine-grained siliciclastics and sulfates. The siliciclastic fraction was produced by chemical alteration of a precursor basalt. The sulfates are dominantly Mg-sulfates and also include Ca-sulfates and jarosite. The stratigraphic section observed to date is dominated by eolian bedforms, with subaqueous current ripples exposed near the top of the section. After deposition, interaction with groundwater produced a range of diagenetic features, notably the hematite-rich concretions known as "blueberries." The bedrock at Meridiani is highly friable and has undergone substantial erosion by wind-transported basaltic sand. This sand, along with concretions and concretion fragments eroded from the rock, makes up a soil cover that thinly and discontinuously buries the bedrock. The soil surface exhibits both ancient and active wind ripples that record past and present wind directions. Loose rocks on the soil surface are rare and include both impact ejecta and meteorites. While Opportunity's results show that liquid water was once present at Meridiani Planum below and occasionally at the surface, the environmental conditions recorded were dominantly arid, acidic, and oxidizing and would have posed some significant challenges to the origin of life. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. NASA Ames SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Lockheed Martin Corp, Littleton, CO 80127 USA. New Mexico Museum Nat Hist & Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Honeybee Robot, New York, NY 10001 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Anorgan & Analyt Chem, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Harvard Univ, Bot Museum, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Geodet Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Niels Bohr Inst, Orsted Lab, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Malin Space Sci Syst, San Diego, CA 92191 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. DLR Inst Space Simulat, D-51170 Cologne, Germany. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Space Sci Inst, Martinez, GA 30907 USA. RP Squyres, SW (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, 428 Space Sci Bldg, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM squyres@astrosun.tn.cornell.edu RI Glotch, Timothy/B-6829-2008; Lemmon, Mark/E-9983-2010; Schroder, Christian/B-3870-2009; Moersch, Jeffrey/F-7189-2010; Smith, Michael/C-8875-2012; Madsen, Morten/D-2082-2011; Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015 OI Lemmon, Mark/0000-0002-4504-5136; Schroder, Christian/0000-0002-7935-6039; Madsen, Morten/0000-0001-8909-5111; NR 48 TC 79 Z9 82 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 111 IS E12 AR E12S12 DI 10.1029/2006JE002771 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 118LY UT WOS:000242945000001 ER PT J AU Soares, JE Berrocal, J Fuck, RA Mooney, WD Ventura, DBR AF Soares, Jose E. Berrocal, Jesus Fuck, Reinhardt A. Mooney, Walter D. Ventura, Dhebora B. R. TI Seismic characteristics of central Brazil crust and upper mantle: A deep seismic refraction study SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID PRECAMBRIAN LITHOSPHERE; TOCANTINS PROVINCE; POISSONS RATIO; FOLD BELT; ACCRETION; EVOLUTION; COMPLEX; MODEL AB A two-dimensional model of the Brazilian central crust and upper mantle was obtained from the traveltime interpretation of deep seismic refraction data from the Porangatu and Cavalcante lines, each approximately 300 km long. When the lines were deployed, they overlapped by 50 km, forming an E-W transect approximately 530 km long across the Tocantins Province and western Sao Francisco Craton. The Tocantins Province formed during the Neoproterozoic when the Sao Francisco, the Paranapanema, and the Amazon cratons collided, following the subduction of the former Goias ocean basin. Average crustal V-P and V-P/V-S ratios, Moho topography, and lateral discontinuities within crustal layers suggest that the crust beneath central Brazil can be associated with major geological domains recognized at the surface. The Moho is an irregular interface, between 36 and 44 km deep, that shows evidences of first-order tectonic structures. The 8.05 and 8.23 km s(-1) P wave velocities identify the upper mantle beneath the Porangatu and Cavalcante lines, respectively. The observed seismic features allow for the identification of (1) the crust has largely felsic composition in the studied region, (2) the absence of the mafic-ultramafic root beneath the Goias magmatic arc, and (3) block tectonics in the foreland fold-and-thrust belt of the northern Brasilia Belt during the Neoproterozoic. Seismic data also suggested that the Bouguer gravimetric discontinuities are mainly compensated by differences in mass distribution within the lithospheric mantle. Finally, the Goias-Tocantins seismic belt can be interpreted as a natural seismic alignment related to the Neoproterozoic mantle domain. C1 Univ Brasilia, Inst Geociencias, Dept Geol Geral & Aplicada, BR-70910900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Astron Geofis & Ciencias Atmosfer, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo, Brazil. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Soares, JE (reprint author), Univ Brasilia, Inst Geociencias, Dept Geol Geral & Aplicada, Minhocao Cent,Campus Univ Darci Ribeiro, BR-70910900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. EM soares@unb.br; berrocal@iag.usp.br; reinhardt@unb.br; mooney@usgs.gov; dhebora@unb.br NR 47 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 111 IS B12 AR B12302 DI 10.1029/2005JB003769 PG 31 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 118MV UT WOS:000242947300001 ER PT J AU Tollo, RP Aleinikoff, JN Borduas, EA Dickin, AP McNutt, RH Fanning, CM AF Tollo, Richard P. Aleinikoff, John N. Borduas, Elizabeth A. Dickin, Alan P. McNutt, Robert H. Fanning, C. Mark TI Grenvillian magmatism in the northern Virginia Blue Ridge: Petrologic implications of episodic granitic magma production and the significance of postorogenic A-type charnockite SO PRECAMBRIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE A-type; charnockite; SHRIMP; Grenville; Blue Ridge; Nd isotopes ID U-PB GEOCHRONOLOGY; TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS; ADIRONDACK HIGHLANDS; SHERMAN BATHOLITH; ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE; ZIRCON; PETROGENESIS; PROVINCE; ORIGIN; AUSTRALIA AB Grenvillian (1.2 to 1.0 Ga) plutonic rocks in northern Virginia preserve evidence of episodic, mostly granitic magmatism that spanned more than 150 million years (m.y.) of crustal reworking. Crystallization ages determined by sensitive high resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) U-Pb isotopic analyses of zircon and monazite, combined with results from previous studies, define three periods of magmatic activity at 1183-1144 Ma (Magmatic Interval I), 1120-1111 Ma (Magmatic Interval II), and 1078-1028 Ma (Magmatic Interval III). Magmatic activity produced dominantly tholeiitic plutons composed of (1) low-silica charnockite, (2) leucogranite, (3) non-leucocratic granitoid (with or without orthopyroxene (opx)), and (4) intermediate biotite-rich granitoid. Field, petrologic, geochemical, and geochronologic data indicate that charnockite and non-charnockitic granitoids were closely associated in both space and time, indicating that presence of opx is related to magmatic conditions, not metamorphic grade. Geochemical and Nd isotopic data, combined with results from experimental studies, indicate that leucogranites (Magmatic Intervals I and III) and non-leucocratic granitoids (Magmatic Intervals I and II) were derived from parental magmas produced by either a high degree of partial melting of isotopically evolved tonalitic sources or less advanced partial melting of dominantly tonalitic sources that also included a more mafic component. Post-orogenic, circa 1050 Ma low-silica charnockite is characterized by A-type compositional affinity including high FeOt/(FeOt + MgO), Ga/Al, Zr, Nb, Y, and Zn, and was derived from parental magmas produced by partial melting of potassic mafic sources in the lower crust. Linear geochemical trends defined by leucogranites, low-silica charnockite, and biotite-rich monzogranite emplaced during Magmatic Interval III reflect differences in source-related characteristics; these features do not represent an igneous fractionation sequence. A compositional gap between circa 1160 Ma magnesian low-silica charnockite and penecontemporaneous higher silica lithologies likewise precludes a fractionation relationship among plutons intruded during Magmatic Interval I. Correspondence in timing of magmatic activity between the Blue Ridge and neighboring Mesoproterozoic terranes underscores the widespread nature of Grenvillian processes in the region. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 George Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Geol, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Tollo, RP (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM rtollo@gwu.edu RI Fanning, C. Mark/I-6449-2016 OI Fanning, C. Mark/0000-0003-3331-3145 NR 88 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-9268 J9 PRECAMBRIAN RES JI Precambrian Res. PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 151 IS 3-4 BP 224 EP 264 DI 10.1016/j.precamres.2006.08.010 PG 41 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 121IR UT WOS:000243151800005 ER PT J AU Brownlee, D Tsou, P Aleon, J Alexander, CMO Araki, T Bajt, S Baratta, GA Bastien, R Bland, P Bleuet, P Borg, J Bradley, JP Brearley, A Brenker, F Brennan, S Bridges, JC Browning, ND Brucato, JR Bullock, E Burchell, MJ Busemann, H Butterworth, A Chaussidon, M Cheuvront, A Chi, MF Cintala, MJ Clark, BC Clemett, SJ Cody, G Colangeli, L Cooper, G Cordier, P Daghlian, C Dai, ZR D'Hendecourt, L Djouadi, Z Dominguez, G Duxbury, T Dworkin, JP Ebel, DS Economou, TE Fakra, S Fairey, SAJ Fallon, S Ferrini, G Ferroir, T Fleckenstein, H Floss, C Flynn, G Franchi, IA Fries, M Gainsforth, Z Gallien, JP Genge, M Gilles, MK Gillet, P Gilmour, J Glavin, DP Gounelle, M Grady, MM Graham, GA Grant, PG Green, SF Grossemy, F Grossman, L Grossman, JN Guan, Y Hagiya, K Harvey, R Heck, P Herzog, GF Hoppe, P Horz, F Huth, J Hutcheon, ID Ignatyev, K Ishii, H Ito, M Jacob, D Jacobsen, C Jacobsen, S Jones, S Joswiak, D Jurewicz, A Kearsley, AT Keller, LP Khodja, H Kilcoyne, ALD Kissel, J Krot, A Langenhorst, F Lanzirotti, A Le, L Leshin, LA Leitner, J Lemelle, L Leroux, H Liu, MC Luening, K Lyon, I MacPherson, G Marcus, MA Marhas, K Marty, B Matrajt, G McKeegan, K Meibom, A Mennella, V Messenger, K Messenger, S Mikouchi, T Mostefaoui, S Nakamura, T Nakano, T Newville, M Nittler, LR Ohnishi, I Ohsumi, K Okudaira, K Papanastassiou, DA Palma, R Palumbo, ME Pepin, RO Perkins, D Perronnet, M Pianetta, P Rao, W Rietmeijer, FJM Robert, F Rost, D Rotundi, A Ryan, R Sandford, SA Schwandt, CS See, TH Schlutter, D Sheffield-Parker, J Simionovici, A Simon, S Sitnitsky, I Snead, CJ Spencer, MK Stadermann, FJ Steele, A Stephan, T Stroud, R Susini, J Sutton, SR Suzuki, Y Taheri, M Taylor, S Teslich, N Tomeoka, K Tomioka, N Toppani, A Trigo-Rodriguez, JM Troadec, D Tsuchiyama, A Tuzzolino, AJ Tyliszczak, T Uesugi, K Velbel, M Vellenga, J Vicenzi, E Vincze, L Warren, J Weber, I Weisberg, M Westphal, AJ Wirick, S Wooden, D Wopenka, B Wozniakiewicz, P Wright, I Yabuta, H Yano, H Young, ED Zare, RN Zega, T Ziegler, K Zimmerman, L Zinner, E Zolensky, M AF Brownlee, Don Tsou, Peter Aleon, Jerome Alexander, Conel M. O'D. Araki, Tohru Bajt, Sasa Baratta, Giuseppe A. Bastien, Ron Bland, Phil Bleuet, Pierre Borg, Janet Bradley, John P. Brearley, Adrian Brenker, F. Brennan, Sean Bridges, John C. Browning, Nigel D. Brucato, John R. Bullock, E. Burchell, Mark J. Busemann, Henner Butterworth, Anna Chaussidon, Marc Cheuvront, Allan Chi, Miaofang Cintala, Mark J. Clark, B. C. Clemett, Simon J. Cody, George Colangeli, Luigi Cooper, George Cordier, Patrick Daghlian, C. Dai, Zurong D'Hendecourt, Louis Djouadi, Zahia Dominguez, Gerardo Duxbury, Tom Dworkin, Jason P. Ebel, Denton S. Economou, Thanasis E. Fakra, Sirine Fairey, Sam A. J. Fallon, Stewart Ferrini, Gianluca Ferroir, T. Fleckenstein, Holger Floss, Christine Flynn, George Franchi, Ian A. Fries, Marc Gainsforth, Z. Gallien, J. -P. Genge, Matt Gilles, Mary K. Gillet, Philipe Gilmour, Jamie Glavin, Daniel P. Gounelle, Matthieu Grady, Monica M. Graham, Giles A. Grant, P. G. Green, Simon F. Grossemy, Faustine Grossman, Lawrence Grossman, Jeffrey N. Guan, Yunbin Hagiya, Kenji Harvey, Ralph Heck, Philipp Herzog, Gregory F. Hoppe, Peter Hoerz, Friedrich Huth, Joachim Hutcheon, Ian D. Ignatyev, Konstantin Ishii, Hope Ito, Motoo Jacob, Damien Jacobsen, Chris Jacobsen, Stein Jones, Steven Joswiak, David Jurewicz, Amy Kearsley, Anton T. Keller, Lindsay P. Khodja, H. Kilcoyne, A. L. David Kissel, Jochen Krot, Alexander Langenhorst, Falko Lanzirotti, Antonio Le, Loan Leshin, Laurie A. Leitner, J. Lemelle, L. Leroux, Hugues Liu, Ming-Chang Luening, K. Lyon, Ian MacPherson, Glen Marcus, Matthew A. Marhas, Kuljeet Marty, Bernard Matrajt, Graciela McKeegan, Kevin Meibom, Anders Mennella, Vito Messenger, Keiko Messenger, Scott Mikouchi, Takashi Mostefaoui, Smail Nakamura, Tomoki Nakano, T. Newville, M. Nittler, Larry R. Ohnishi, Ichiro Ohsumi, Kazumasa Okudaira, Kyoko Papanastassiou, Dimitri A. Palma, Russ Palumbo, Maria E. Pepin, Robert O. Perkins, David Perronnet, Murielle Pianetta, P. Rao, William Rietmeijer, Frans J. M. Robert, Francois Rost, D. Rotundi, Alessandra Ryan, Robert Sandford, Scott A. Schwandt, Craig S. See, Thomas H. Schlutter, Dennis Sheffield-Parker, J. Simionovici, Alexandre Simon, Steven Sitnitsky, I. Snead, Christopher J. Spencer, Maegan K. Stadermann, Frank J. Steele, Andrew Stephan, Thomas Stroud, Rhonda Susini, Jean Sutton, S. R. Suzuki, Y. Taheri, Mitra Taylor, Susan Teslich, Nick Tomeoka, Kazu Tomioka, Naotaka Toppani, Alice Trigo-Rodriguez, Josep M. Troadec, David Tsuchiyama, Akira Tuzzolino, Anthony J. Tyliszczak, Tolek Uesugi, K. Velbel, Michael Vellenga, Joe Vicenzi, E. Vincze, L. Warren, Jack Weber, Iris Weisberg, Mike Westphal, Andrew J. Wirick, Sue Wooden, Diane Wopenka, Brigitte Wozniakiewicz, Penelope Wright, Ian Yabuta, Hikaru Yano, Hajime Young, Edward D. Zare, Richard N. Zega, Thomas Ziegler, Karen Zimmerman, Laurent Zinner, Ernst Zolensky, Michael TI Comet 81P/Wild 2 under a microscope SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CRYSTALLINE SILICATES; REFRACTORY INCLUSIONS; SOLAR NEBULA; KUIPER BELT; P/WILD 2; GRAINS; MINERALOGY; NUCLEUS; ORIGIN AB The Stardust spacecraft collected thousands of particles from comet 81P/Wild 2 and returned them to Earth for laboratory study. The preliminary examination of these samples shows that the nonvolatile portion of the comet is an unequilibrated assortment of materials that have both presolar and solar system origin. The comet contains an abundance of silicate grains that are much larger than predictions of interstellar grain models, and many of these are high-temperature minerals that appear to have formed in the inner regions of the solar nebula. Their presence in a comet proves that the formation of the solar system included mixing on the grandest scales. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. 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Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. CUNY, Kingsborough Community Coll, Brooklyn, NY 11235 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Brownlee, D (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM brownlee@astro.washington.edu RI Leitner, Jan/A-7391-2015; Hoppe, Peter/B-3032-2015; Jacobsen, Chris/E-2827-2015; Tomioka, Naotaka/B-1888-2011; Chi, Miaofang/Q-2489-2015; Khodja, Hicham/A-1869-2016; Yabuta, Hikaru/M-9041-2014; Kilcoyne, David/I-1465-2013; Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; UCLA, SIMS/A-1459-2011; Liu, Ming-Chang/D-1885-2010; Dworkin, Jason/C-9417-2012; Chaussidon, Marc/E-7067-2017; Zare, Richard/A-8410-2009; Jacobsen, Stein/B-1759-2013; Glavin, Daniel/D-6194-2012; Green, Simon/C-7408-2009; Appourchaux, Thierry/F-4692-2010; McKeegan, Kevin/A-4107-2008; Dai, Zurong/E-6732-2010; Bajt, Sasa/G-2228-2010; Gilmour, Jamie/G-7515-2011; Fallon, Stewart/G-6645-2011; Heck, Philipp/C-6092-2012; Cordier, Patrick/D-2357-2012; Taheri, Mitra/F-1321-2011; Alexander, Conel/N-7533-2013 OI Burchell, Mark/0000-0002-2680-8943; Ignatyev, Konstantin/0000-0002-8937-5655; Palumbo, MariaElisabetta/0000-0002-9122-491X; Busemann, Henner/0000-0002-0867-6908; Baratta, Giuseppe/0000-0002-3688-160X; Grady, Monica/0000-0002-4055-533X; Gilmour, Jamie/0000-0003-1990-8636; Brucato, John Robert/0000-0002-4738-5521; Rotundi, Alessandra/0000-0001-5467-157X; Browning, Nigel/0000-0003-0491-251X; Leitner, Jan/0000-0003-3655-6273; Hoppe, Peter/0000-0003-3681-050X; Jacobsen, Chris/0000-0001-8562-0353; Tomioka, Naotaka/0000-0001-5725-9513; Chi, Miaofang/0000-0003-0764-1567; Yabuta, Hikaru/0000-0002-4625-5362; Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; Dworkin, Jason/0000-0002-3961-8997; Glavin, Daniel/0000-0001-7779-7765; McKeegan, Kevin/0000-0002-1827-729X; Fallon, Stewart/0000-0002-8064-5903; Cordier, Patrick/0000-0002-1883-2994; Alexander, Conel/0000-0002-8558-1427 NR 26 TC 552 Z9 554 U1 13 U2 137 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 314 IS 5806 BP 1711 EP 1716 DI 10.1126/science.1135840 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 116WD UT WOS:000242833600041 PM 17170289 ER PT J AU Zolensky, ME Zega, TJ Yano, H Wirick, S Westphal, AJ Weisberg, MK Weber, I Warren, JL Velbel, MA Tsuchiyama, A Tsou, P Toppani, A Tomioka, N Tomeoka, K Teslich, N Taheri, M Susini, J Stroud, R Stephan, T Stadermann, FJ Snead, CJ Simon, SB Simionovici, A See, TH Robert, F Rietmeijer, FJM Rao, W Perronnet, MC Papanastassiou, DA Okudaira, K Ohsumi, K Ohnishi, I Nakamura-Messenger, K Nakamura, T Mostefaoui, S Mikouchi, T Meibom, A Matrajt, G Marcus, MA Leroux, H Lemelle, L Le, L Lanzirotti, A Langenhorst, F Krot, AN Keller, LP Kearsley, AT Joswiak, D Jacob, D Ishii, H Harvey, R Hagiya, K Grossman, L Grossman, JN Graham, GA Gounelle, M Gillet, P Genge, MJ Flynn, G Ferroir, T Fallon, S Ebel, DS Dai, ZR Cordier, P Clark, B Chi, MF Butterworth, AL Brownlee, DE Bridges, JC Brennan, S Brearley, A Bradley, JP Bleuet, P Bland, PA Bastien, R AF Zolensky, Michael E. Zega, Thomas J. Yano, Hajime Wirick, Sue Westphal, Andrew J. Weisberg, Mike K. Weber, Iris Warren, Jack L. Velbel, Michael A. Tsuchiyama, Akira Tsou, Peter Toppani, Alice Tomioka, Naotaka Tomeoka, Kazushige Teslich, Nick Taheri, Mitra Susini, Jean Stroud, Rhonda Stephan, Thomas Stadermann, Frank J. Snead, Christopher J. Simon, Steven B. Simionovici, Alexandre See, Thomas H. Robert, Francois Rietmeijer, Frans J. M. Rao, William Perronnet, Murielle C. Papanastassiou, Dimitri A. Okudaira, Kyoko Ohsumi, Kazumasa Ohnishi, Ichiro Nakamura-Messenger, Keiko Nakamura, Tomoki Mostefaoui, Smail Mikouchi, Takashi Meibom, Anders Matrajt, Graciela Marcus, Matthew A. Leroux, Hugues Lemelle, Laurence Le, Loan Lanzirotti, Antonio Langenhorst, Falko Krot, Alexander N. Keller, Lindsay P. Kearsley, Anton T. Joswiak, David Jacob, Damien Ishii, Hope Harvey, Ralph Hagiya, Kenji Grossman, Lawrence Grossman, Jeffrey N. Graham, Giles A. Gounelle, Matthieu Gillet, Philippe Genge, Matthew J. Flynn, George Ferroir, Tristan Fallon, Stewart Ebel, Denton S. Dai, Zu Rong Cordier, Patrick Clark, Benton Chi, Miaofang Butterworth, Anna L. Brownlee, Donald E. Bridges, John C. Brennan, Sean Brearley, Adrian Bradley, John P. Bleuet, Pierre Bland, Phil A. Bastien, Ron TI Report - Mineralogy and petrology of comet 81P/Wild 2 nucleus samples SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY DUST PARTICLES; CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITE; SOLAR-SYSTEM; COMPONENTS; PYROXENE; OLIVINE; MATRIX; GRAINS; ORIGIN; HALLEY AB The bulk of the comet 81P/Wild 2 ( hereafter Wild 2) samples returned to Earth by the Stardust spacecraft appear to be weakly constructed mixtures of nanometer-scale grains, with occasional much larger ( over 1 micrometer) ferromagnesian silicates, Fe-Ni sulfides, Fe-Ni metal, and accessory phases. The very wide range of olivine and low-Ca pyroxene compositions in comet Wild 2 requires a wide range of formation conditions, probably reflecting very different formation locations in the protoplanetary disk. The restricted compositional ranges of Fe-Ni sulfides, the wide range for silicates, and the absence of hydrous phases indicate that comet Wild 2 experienced little or no aqueous alteration. Less abundant Wild 2 materials include a refractory particle, whose presence appears to require radial transport in the early protoplanetary disk. C1 NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. JAXA ISAS, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CUNY, Kingsborough Community Coll, Dept Phys Sci, Brooklyn, NY 11235 USA. Univ Munster, Inst Planetol, D-48149 Munster, Germany. JAcobs Scerdrup, Engn Sci Contract Grp, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Osaka Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Ctr Spectrometrie Nucl & Spectrometrie Masse, F-91405 Orsay, France. Kobe Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Nada Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Ecole Normale Super Lyon, Lab Sci Terre, F-69007 Lyon, France. ARES JSC, Engn Sci Contract Barrios Technol, Houston, TX 77258 USA. Museum Natl Hist Nat, Lab Etude Mat Extraterr, LEME, F-75005 Paris, France. Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Div Sci, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Inst Mat Struct Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Kyushu Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Sci & Tech Lille, Lab Struct & Proprietes Etat Solide, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Source, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Jena, Inst Geosci, D-07749 Jena, Germany. Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Nat Hist Museum, Impact & Astromat Res Ctr, Dept Mineral, London SW7 5BD, England. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Geol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Univ Hyogo, Grad Sch Life Sci, Kamigori, Hyogo 6781297, Japan. Univ Jena, Inst Geosci, D-07749 Jena, Germany. Nat Hist Museum, Impact & Astromat Res Ctr, Dept Mineral, London SW7 5BD, England. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Geol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Univ Hyogo, Grad Sch Life Sci, Kamigori, Hyogo 6781297, Japan. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Impact & Astromat Res Ctr, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Dept Phys, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, New York, NY 10024 USA. Lockheed Martin Astronaut, Denver, CO 80201 USA. Open Univ, Planetary & Space Sci Res Inst, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Zolensky, ME (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM michael.e.zolensky@nasa.gov RI Dai, Zurong/E-6732-2010; Fallon, Stewart/G-6645-2011; Cordier, Patrick/D-2357-2012; Taheri, Mitra/F-1321-2011; Tomioka, Naotaka/B-1888-2011; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Fallon, Stewart/0000-0002-8064-5903; Cordier, Patrick/0000-0002-1883-2994; Tomioka, Naotaka/0000-0001-5725-9513; Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 35 TC 436 Z9 438 U1 9 U2 58 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 314 IS 5806 BP 1735 EP 1739 DI 10.1126/science.1135842 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 116WD UT WOS:000242833600047 PM 17170295 ER PT J AU Ridley, WI Perfit, MR Smith, MC Fornari, DJ AF Ridley, W. Ian Perfit, Michael R. Smith, Matthew C. Fornari, Daniel J. TI Magmatic processes in developing oceanic crust revealed in a cumulate xenolith collected at the East Pacific Rise, 9 degrees 50 ' N SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE ridge; xenolith; mid-ocean ridge basalt; syntexis; cumulate; crystal mush; geochemistry : mid-oceanic ridge processes; geochemistry : magma chamber processes; geochemistry : composition of the oceanic crust ID MIDOCEAN RIDGE BASALT; OMAN OPHIOLITE IMPLICATIONS; SIQUEIROS TRANSFORM-FAULT; FAST-SPREADING RIDGES; CHAMBER PROCESSES; MELT INCLUSIONS; GABBROIC XENOLITHS; TROODOS OPHIOLITE; TRANSITION ZONE; GORDA RIDGE AB The petrology and geochemistry of a xenolith, a fragment of a melt-bearing cumulate, within a recently erupted mid-ocean ridge (MOR) lava flow provide information on petrogenetic processes occurring within the newly forming oceanic crust beneath the northern East Pacific Rise (NEPR). The xenolith reveals important petrologic information about MOR magmatic systems concerning (1) melt distribution in a crystal-dominated mush; (2) melt-crystal reactions within the mush; (3) the chemistry of melts that have contributed to the cumulate lithology; and (4) the chemistry of axial melts that enter the axial magma system. The xenolith was enclosed within a moderately primitive, normal mid-ocean ridge basalt (NMORB) erupted in 1991 within the neovolcanic zone of the NEPR, at approximately 9 degrees 50'N. The sample is a matrix-dominated, cumulate olivine anorthosite, composed of anorthite (An(94-90)) and bytownite (An(89-70)), intergranular olivine (Fo(86 +/- 0.3)), minor sulfide and spinel, and intergranular glass. Marginal corrosion of plagioclase, and possibly olivine, and internal remelting of plagioclase indicate syntexis. It is surmised that the pore volume was eviscerated several times with moderately primitive basaltic melts and reduced by intergranular crystallization of forsteritic olivine. The presence of anorthite as a cumulate phase in the xenolith and the observation of anorthite xenocrysts in NMORB lavas, and as a cumulate phase in ophiolite gabbros, indicate that Ca-rich melts that are not a part of the NMORB lineage play an important role in the construction of the oceanic crust. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Ridley, WI (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM iridley@usgs.gov NR 81 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD DEC 12 PY 2006 VL 7 AR Q12O04 DI 10.1029/2006GC001316 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 118KS UT WOS:000242941800001 ER PT J AU Tembe, S Lockner, DA Solum, JG Morrow, CA Wong, TF Moore, DE AF Tembe, Sheryl Lockner, David A. Solum, John G. Morrow, Carolyn A. Wong, Teng-fong Moore, Diane E. TI Frictional strength of cuttings and core from SAFOD drillhole phases 1 and 2 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; HEAT-FLOW; GOUGES; SYSTEM AB We investigated the frictional properties of drill cuttings and core obtained from 1.85-3.1 km true vertical depth in the SAFOD scientific borehole in central California. Triaxial frictional sliding experiments were conducted on samples from primary lithologic units and significant shear zones, including the inferred active trace of the San Andreas fault. The samples were deformed at room temperature under constant effective normal stresses of 10, 40, and 80 MPa with axial shortening rates of 0.01-1.0 mm s(-1). The weakest samples were from shale, claystone, and siltstone units with friction coefficient mu=0.4-0.55. Stronger samples were from quartzo-feldspathic rocks with mu >= 0.6. Materials tested from two shear zones at 2560 and 3067 m measured depth had mu=0.4-0.55 and velocity strengthening behavior consistent with fault creep at depths <4 km. The coefficient of friction for bulk samples from the inferred trace of the San Andreas fault was similar to 0.6. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Tembe, S (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM stembe@ic.sunysb.edu; dlockner@usgs.gov; jsolum@usgs.gov; cmorrow@usgs.gov; teng-fong.wong@stonybrook.edu; dmoore@usgs.gov NR 15 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 12 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 23 AR L23307 DI 10.1029/2006GL027626 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 118KV UT WOS:000242942100005 ER PT J AU Golombek, MP Grant, JA Crumpler, LS Greeley, R Arvidson, RE Bell, JF Weitz, CM Sullivan, R Christensen, PR Soderblom, LA Squyres, SW AF Golombek, M. P. Grant, J. A. Crumpler, L. S. Greeley, R. Arvidson, R. E. Bell, J. F., III Weitz, C. M. Sullivan, R. Christensen, P. R. Soderblom, L. A. Squyres, S. W. TI Erosion rates at the Mars Exploration Rover landing sites and long-term climate change on Mars SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID MINI-TES EXPERIMENT; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; GUSEV CRATER; SPIRIT ROVER; OPPORTUNITY ROVER; MARTIAN HIGHLANDS; ATMOSPHERIC DUST; IMPACT CRATERS; MAADIM-VALLIS; EVOLUTION AB [1] Erosion rates derived from the Gusev cratered plains and the erosion of weak sulfates by saltating sand at Meridiani Planum are so slow that they argue that the present dry and desiccating environment has persisted since the Early Hesperian. In contrast, sedimentary rocks at Meridiani formed in the presence of groundwater and occasional surface water, and many Columbia Hills rocks at Gusev underwent aqueous alteration during the Late Noachian, approximately coeval with a wide variety of geomorphic indicators that indicate a wetter and likely warmer environment. Two-toned rocks, elevated ventifacts, and perched and undercut rocks indicate localized deflation of the Gusev plains and deposition of an equivalent amount of sediment into craters to form hollows, suggesting average erosion rates of similar to 0.03 nm/yr. Erosion of Hesperian craters, modification of Late Amazonian craters, and the concentration of hematite concretions in the soils of Meridiani yield slightly higher average erosion rates of 1-10 nm/yr in the Amazonian. These erosion rates are 2-5 orders of magnitude lower than the slowest continental denudation rates on Earth, indicating that liquid water was not an active erosional agent. Erosion rates for Meridiani just before deposition of the sulfate-rich sediments and other eroded Noachian areas are comparable with slow denudation rates on Earth that are dominated by liquid water. Available data suggest the climate change at the landing sites from wet and likely warm to dry and desiccating occurred sometime between the Late Noachian and the beginning of the Late Hesperian (3.7-3.5 Ga). C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. New Mexico Museum Nat hist & Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Golombek, MP (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM mgolombek@jpl.nasa.gov NR 90 TC 93 Z9 93 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD DEC 8 PY 2006 VL 111 IS E12 AR E12S10 DI 10.1029/2006JE002754 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 115TI UT WOS:000242756300004 ER PT J AU Kean, JW Smith, JD AF Kean, Jason W. Smith, J. Dungan TI Form drag in rivers due to small-scale natural topographic features: 2. Irregular sequences SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID WOODY BANK VEGETATION; BOUNDARY SHEAR-STRESS; FLOW AB [ 1] The size, shape, and spacing of small-scale topographic features found on the boundaries of natural streams, rivers, and floodplains can be quite variable. Consequently, a procedure for determining the form drag on irregular sequences of different-sized topographic features is essential for calculating near-boundary flows and sediment transport. A method for carrying out such calculations is developed in this paper. This method builds on the work of Kean and Smith ( 2006), which describes the flow field for the simpler case of a regular sequence of identical topographic features. Both approaches model topographic features as two-dimensional elements with Gaussian-shaped cross sections defined in terms of three parameters. Field measurements of bank topography are used to show that ( 1) the magnitude of these shape parameters can vary greatly between adjacent topographic features and ( 2) the variability of these shape parameters follows a lognormal distribution. Simulations using an irregular set of topographic roughness elements show that the drag on an individual element is primarily controlled by the size and shape of the feature immediately upstream and that the spatial average of the boundary shear stress over a large set of randomly ordered elements is relatively insensitive to the sequence of the elements. In addition, a method to transform the topography of irregular surfaces into an equivalently rough surface of regularly spaced, identical topographic elements also is given. The methods described in this paper can be used to improve predictions of flow resistance in rivers as well as quantify bank roughness. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Kean, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM jwkean@usgs.gov OI Kean, Jason/0000-0003-3089-0369 NR 14 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD DEC 6 PY 2006 VL 111 IS F4 AR F04010 DI 10.1029/2006JF000490 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 115SL UT WOS:000242754000002 ER PT J AU Kean, JW Smith, JD AF Kean, Jason W. Smith, J. Dungan TI Form drag in rivers due to small-scale natural topographic features: 1. Regular sequences SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY SHEAR-STRESS; WOODY BANK VEGETATION; BED ROUGHNESS; FLOW; SURFACES AB [ 1] Small-scale topographic features are commonly found on the boundaries of natural rivers, streams, and floodplains. A simple method for determining the form drag on these features is presented, and the results of this model are compared to laboratory measurements. The roughness elements are modeled as Gaussian-shaped features defined in terms of three parameters: a protrusion height, H; a streamwise length scale, sigma; and a spacing between crests, lambda. This shape is shown to be a good approximation to a wide variety of natural topographic bank features. The form drag on an individual roughness element embedded in a series of identical elements is determined using the drag coefficient of the individual element and a reference velocity that includes the effects of roughness elements further upstream. In addition to calculating the drag on each element, the model determines the spatially averaged total stress, skin friction stress, and roughness height of the boundary. The effects of bank roughness on patterns of velocity and boundary shear stress are determined by combining the form drag model with a channel flow model. The combined model shows that drag on small-scale topographic features substantially alters the near-bank flow field. These methods can be used to improve predictions of flow resistance in rivers and to form the basis for fully predictive ( no empirically adjusted parameters) channel flow models. They also provide a foundation for calculating the near-bank boundary shear stress fields necessary for determining rates of sediment transport and lateral erosion. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Kean, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM jwkean@usgs.gov OI Kean, Jason/0000-0003-3089-0369 NR 23 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD DEC 6 PY 2006 VL 111 IS F4 AR F04009 DI 10.1029/2006JF000467 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 115SL UT WOS:000242754000001 ER PT J AU Vasquez, EA Glenn, EP Guntenspergen, GR Brown, JJ Nelson, SG AF Vasquez, Edward A. Glenn, Edward P. Guntenspergen, Glenn R. Brown, J. Jed Nelson, Stephen G. TI Salt tolerance and osmotic adjustment of Spartina alterniflora (Poaceae) and the invasive M haplotype of Phragmites australis (Poaceae) along a salinity gradient SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE brackish marsh; halophyte; invasive species; osmotic adjustment; salinity tolerance; salt marsh ID COMMON REED; CATION ACCUMULATION; CRYPTIC INVASION; SOUTHERN ENGLAND; NORTH-AMERICA; TIDAL MARSHES; EXPANSION; PLANT; WETLANDS; ESTABLISHMENT AB An invasive variety of Phragmites australis (Poaceae, common reed), the M haplotype, has been implicated in the spread of this species into North American salt marshes that are normally dominated by the salt marsh grass Spartina alterniflora (Poaceae, smooth cordgrass). In some European marshes, on the other hand, Spartina spp. derived from S. alterniflora have spread into brackish P. australis marshes. In both cases, the non-native grass is thought to degrade the habitat value of the marsh for wildlife, and it is important to understand the physiological processes that lead to these species replacements. We compared the growth, salt tolerance, and osmotic adjustment of M haplotype P. australis and S. alterniflora along a salinity gradient in greenhouse experiments. Spartina alterniflora produced new biomass up to 0.6 M NaCl, whereas P. australis did not grow well above 0.2 M NaCl. The greater salt tolerance of S. alterniflora compared with P. australis was due to its ability to use Na+ for osmotic adjustment in the shoots. On the other hand, at low salinities P. australis produced more shoots per gram of rhizome tissue than did S. alterniflora. This study illustrates how ecophysiological differences can shift the competitive advantage from one species to another along a stress gradient. Phragmites australis is spreading into North American coastal marshes that are experiencing reduced salinities, while Spartina spp. are spreading into northern European brackish marshes that are experiencing increased salinities as land use patterns change on the two continents. C1 Environm Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Smyrna, DE 19977 USA. RP Glenn, EP (reprint author), Environm Res Lab, 2601 E Airport Dr, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. EM eglenn@ag.Arizona.edu NR 43 TC 71 Z9 79 U1 7 U2 45 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 93 IS 12 BP 1784 EP 1790 DI 10.3732/ajb.93.12.1784 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 117PX UT WOS:000242886400007 PM 21642124 ER PT J AU Fontaine, JJ Martin, TE AF Fontaine, J. J. Martin, T. E. TI Habitat selection responses of parents to offspring predation risk: An experimental test SO AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE habitat selection; breeding density; nest predation; nest initiation; song rate ID LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; BREEDING DENSITY; NEST PREDATION; REPRODUCTIVE DECISIONS; PUBLIC INFORMATION; SITE FIDELITY; SUCCESS; WARBLERS; CONSEQUENCES; POPULATIONS AB The ability of nest predation to influence habitat settlement decisions in birds is widely debated, despite its importance in limiting fitness. Here, we experimentally manipulated nest predation risk across a landscape and asked the question, do migratory birds assess and respond to variation in nest predation risk when choosing breeding habitats? We examined habitat preference by quantifying the density and settlement date of eight species of migratory passerines breeding in areas with and without intact nest predator communities. We found consistently more individuals nesting in areas with reduced nest predation than in areas with intact predator assemblages, although predation risk had no influence on settlement or breeding phenology. Additionally, those individuals occupying safer nesting habitats exhibited increased singing activity. These findings support a causal relationship between habitat choice and nest predation risk and suggest the importance of nest predation risk in shaping avian community structure and breeding activity. C1 Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Fontaine, JJ (reprint author), Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM fontaine.joseph@gmail.com; tom.martin@umontana.edu RI Fontaine, Joseph/F-6557-2010; Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Fontaine, Joseph/0000-0002-7639-9156; Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 NR 45 TC 82 Z9 85 U1 4 U2 41 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0003-0147 J9 AM NAT JI Am. Nat. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 168 IS 6 BP 811 EP 818 DI 10.1086/508297 PG 8 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 106UJ UT WOS:000242126900009 PM 17109323 ER PT J AU Waychunas, G Trainor, T Eng, P Catalano, J Brown, G Davis, J Rogers, J Bargar, J AF Waychunas, G. Trainor, T. Eng, P. Catalano, J. Brown, G. Davis, J. Rogers, J. Bargar, J. TI Surface complexation studied via combined grazing-incidence EXAFS and surface diffraction: arsenate on hematite (0001) and (10-12) (vol 386, pg 2255, 2006) SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, CARS, Argonne, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Environm Chem Div, Argonne, IL 60637 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Waychunas, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM gawaychunas@lbl.gov RI Catalano, Jeffrey/A-8322-2013 OI Catalano, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9311-977X NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 386 IS 7-8 BP 2255 EP 2255 DI 10.1007/s00216-006-0922-3 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 107AX UT WOS:000242144200040 ER PT J AU Drees, KP Neilson, JW Betancourt, JL Quade, J Henderson, DA Pryor, BM Maier, RM AF Drees, Kevin P. Neilson, Julia W. Betancourt, Julio L. Quade, Jay Henderson, David A. Pryor, Barry M. Maier, Raina M. TI Bacterial community structure in the hyperarid core of the Atacama Desert, Chile SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; NORTHERN CHILE; MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; SOIL; VEGETATION; LIFE; ECOSYSTEMS; WIDESPREAD; ARIDITY; RECORD AB Soils from the hyperarid Atacama Desert of northern Chile were sampled along an east-west elevational transect (23.75 to 24.70 degrees S) through the driest sector to compare the relative structure of bacterial communities. Analysis of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles from each of the samples revealed that microbial communities from the extreme hyperarid core of the desert clustered separately from all of the remaining communities. Bands sequenced from DGGE profiles of two samples taken at a 22-month interval from this core region revealed the presence of similar populations dominated by bacteria from the Gemmatimonadetes and Planctomycetes phyla. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Desert Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Anim Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Neilson, JW (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Shantz Bldg 38,Room 429, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jneilson@ag.arizona.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P42 ES004940] NR 39 TC 83 Z9 87 U1 6 U2 39 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 72 IS 12 BP 7902 EP 7908 DI 10.1128/AEM.01305-06 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 114QS UT WOS:000242681300061 PM 17028238 ER PT J AU Bull, KF McPhie, J AF Bull, K. F. McPhie, J. TI Facies architecture of the Early Devonian Ural Volcanics, New South Wales SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Devonian; facies architecture; felsic volcanic rocks; Lachlan Orogen; pyroclastics; submarine volcanism; Ural Volcanics ID IBERIAN PYRITE BELT; SULFIDE DEPOSITS; BACK-ARC; 1.9 GA; AUSTRALIA; ROCKS; EXPLORATION; QUEENSLAND; EVOLUTION; PUMICE AB The Ural Volcanics are a early Devonian, submarine, felsic lava-sill complex, exposed in the western central Lachlan Orogen, New South Wales. The Ural Volcanics and underlying Upper Silurian, deepwater, basin-fill sedimentary rocks make up the Rast Group, The Ural Range study area, centrally located in the Cargelligo 1:100000 map sheet area, was mopped at 1:10000 scale. Seventeen principal volcanic facies were identified in the study area, dominated by felsic coherent facies (rhyolite and dacite) and associated monomictic breccia and siltstone-matrix monomictic breccia facies. Subordinate volcaniclastic facies include the pumice-rich breccia facies association, rhyolite-dacite-siltstone breccia facies and flamme-siltstone breccia facies. The sedimentary facies association includes mixed-provenance and non-volcanic sandstone to conglomerate, black mudstone, micaceous quartz sandstone and foliated mudstone. The succession was derived from at least two intrabasinal volcanic centres. One, in the north, was largely effusive and intrusive, building a lava-sill complex. Another, in the south, was effusive, intrusive and explosive, generating lavas and moderate-volume (similar to 3 km(3)) pyroclastic facies. The presence of turbidites, marine fossils, very thick massive to graded volcaniclastic units and black mudstone, and the lack of large-scale cross-beds and erosional scours, provide evidence for deposition in a submarine environment below storm wave-base. The Ural Volcanics have potential for seafloor or sub-seafloor replacement massive sulfide deposits, although no massive sulfide prospects or related altered zones have yet been defined. Sparse, disseminated sulfides occur in sericite-altered, steeply dipping shear zones. C1 Univ Tasmania, CODES, SRC, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. Univ Tasmania, Sch Earth Sci, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP Bull, KF (reprint author), Alaska Volcano Observ, Alaska Div Geol & Geophys Surveys, 3354 Coll Rd, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. EM kate_bull@dnr.state.ak.us NR 36 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0812-0099 J9 AUST J EARTH SCI JI Aust. J. Earth Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 53 IS 6 BP 919 EP 945 DI 10.1080/08120090600686835 PG 27 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 135UZ UT WOS:000244180700003 ER PT J AU Koons, DN Rotella, JJ Willey, DW Taper, M Clark, RG Slattery, S Brook, RW Corcoran, RM Lovvorn, JR AF Koons, David N. Rotella, Jay J. Willey, David W. Taper, Mark Clark, Robert G. Slattery, Stuart Brook, Rodney W. Corcoran, Robin M. Lovvorn, James R. TI Lesser Scaup Population Dynamics: What Can Be Learned from Available Data? SO AVIAN CONSERVATION AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aythya affinis; boreal forest; demography; duck; Lesser Scaup; matrix model; population dynamics; prairie-parkland; sensitivity analysis; vital rates; waterfowl AB Populations of Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis) have declined markedly in North America since the early 1980s. When considering alternatives for achieving population recovery, it would be useful to understand how the rate of population growth is functionally related to the underlying vital rates and which vital rates affect population growth rate the most if changed (which need not be those that influenced historical population declines). To establish a more quantitative basis for learning about life history and population dynamics of Lesser Scaup, we summarized published and unpublished estimates of vital rates recorded between 1934 and 2005, and developed matrix life-cycle models with these data for females breeding in the boreal forest, prairie-parklands, and both regions combined. We then used perturbation analysis to evaluate the effect of changes in a variety of vital-rate statistics on finite population growth rate and abundance. Similar to Greater Scaup (Aythya marila), our modeled population growth rate for Lesser Scaup was most sensitive to unit and proportional change in adult female survival during the breeding and non-breeding seasons, but much less so to changes in fecundity parameters. Interestingly, population growth rate was also highly sensitive to unit and proportional changes in the mean of nesting success, duckling survival, and juvenile survival. Given the small samples of data for key aspects of the Lesser Scaup life cycle, we recommend additional research on vital rates that demonstrate a strong effect on population growth and size (e.g., adult survival probabilities). Our life-cycle models should be tested and regularly updated in the future to simultaneously guide science and management of Lesser Scaup populations in an adaptive context. C1 [Koons, David N.; Rotella, Jay J.; Willey, David W.; Taper, Mark] Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Clark, Robert G.] Canadian Wildlife Serv, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. [Slattery, Stuart] Inst Wetland & Waterfowl Res, Stonewall, MB, Canada. [Brook, Rodney W.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Peterborough, ON, Canada. [Corcoran, Robin M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington, DC USA. [Lovvorn, James R.] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Koons, DN (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. FU Ducks Unlimited's Institute for Wetland and Waterfowl Research FX J. J. Rotella was funded by a research grant from Ducks Unlimited's Institute for Wetland and Waterfowl Research. We thank Hal Caswell and Mark Lindberg for invigorating discussion about population modeling and those who collected and published the demographic data used in our analyses. We also thank Hannu Poysa and two anonymous reviewers for their comments on our manuscript. NR 93 TC 16 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 14 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1712-6568 J9 AVIAN CONSERV ECOL JI Avian Conserv. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 1 IS 3 AR 6 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Ornithology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA V21GE UT WOS:000208195300006 ER PT J AU White, TH Brown, GG Collazo, JA AF White, Thomas H., Jr. Brown, G. Gordon Collazo, Jaime A. TI Artificial Cavities and Nest Site Selection by Puerto Rican Parrots: a Multiscale Assessment SO AVIAN CONSERVATION AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amazona vittata; artificial cavities; nest site; predation; Puerto Rican Parrot; selection; simulation method; visibility ID CONSPECIFIC REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; BREEDING HABITAT SELECTION; HOUSE WRENS; TACHYCINETA-BICOLOR; TREE SWALLOWS; PREDATION; FOREST; BIRDS; CONCEALMENT; BEHAVIOR AB We examined nest site selection by Puerto Rican Parrots, a secondary cavity nester, at several spatial scales using the nest entrance as the central focal point relative to 20 habitat and spatial variables. The Puerto Rican Parrot is unique in that, since 2001, all known nesting in the wild has occurred in artificial cavities, which also provided us with an opportunity to evaluate nest site selection without confounding effects of the actual nest cavity characteristics. Because of the data limitations imposed by the small population size of this critically endangered endemic species, we employed a distribution-free statistical simulation approach to assess site selection relative to characteristics of used and unused nesting sites. Nest sites selected by Puerto Rican Parrots were characterized by greater horizontal and vertical visibility from the nest entrance, greater density of mature sierra palms, and a more westerly and leeward orientation of nest entrances than unused sites. Our results suggest that nest site selection in this species is an adaptive response to predation pressure, to which the parrots respond by selecting nest sites offering advantages in predator detection and avoidance at all stages of the nesting cycle. We conclude that identifying and replicating the "nest gestalt" of successful nesting sites may facilitate conservation efforts for this and other endangered avian species. C1 [White, Thomas H., Jr.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Puerto Rican Parrot Recovery Program, Washington, DC USA. [Brown, G. Gordon] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Collazo, Jaime A.] N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, BRD, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP White, TH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Puerto Rican Parrot Recovery Program, Washington, DC USA. FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S.D.A. Forest Service FX We thank the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the U.S.D.A. Forest Service for providing funding, access, and logistical support for this study. W. Abreu, G. Benitez, M. Lopez, and M. Toledo generously assisted with data collection. W. Arendt, F. Nunez-Garcia, S. Koenig, and J. Wunderle provided helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. We thank T. Nudds and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments that improved the final version. We also are grateful to Elizabeth Powles for the French translation of the abstract. NR 72 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 9 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1712-6568 J9 AVIAN CONSERV ECOL JI Avian Conserv. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 1 IS 3 AR 5 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Ornithology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA V21GE UT WOS:000208195300005 ER PT J AU Tirpak, JM Giuliano, WM Miller, CA Allen, TJ Bittner, S Buehler, DA Edwards, JW Harper, CA Igo, WK Normar, GW Seamster, M Stauffer, DF AF Tirpak, John M. Giuliano, William M. Miller, C. Allan Allen, Thomas J. Bittner, Steve Buehler, David A. Edwards, John W. Harper, Craig A. Igo, William K. Normar, Gary W. Seamster, M. Stauffer, Dean F. TI Ruffed grouse population dynamics in the central and southern Appalachians SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE brood; elasticity; fecundity; life stage analysis; sensitivity; survival ID SOUTHWESTERN VIRGINIA; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; ANIMAL POPULATIONS; HABITAT SELECTION; BONASA-UMBELLUS; SURVIVAL; SIZE; AGE; OWNERSHIP; DISPERSAL AB Ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus; hereafter grouse) populations in the central and southern Appalachians are in decline. However, limited information on the dynamics of these populations prevents the development of effective management strategies to reverse these trends. We used radiotelemetry data collected on grouse to parameterize 6 models of population growth to: (1) determine the pattern of growth in these populations, and (2) identify the demographic rates most important to growth. Trend estimates from population models were most similar to trend estimates derived from Breeding Bird Survey and Christmas Bird Count data when models incorporated either a reproductive or survival event. These events randomly increased fecundity or survival, respectively, to their empirical maxima on average once every 5 years. Reproductive events improved estimates on areas dominated by mixed mesophytic forest, while survival events characterized population growth on oak (Quercus spp.)-dominated sites. The finite rate of increase (lambda) was most sensitive to brood survival followed by adult and juvenile non-breeding survival on most sites. However, brood survival was low (< 0.35 female chicks/hen survived to week 5), and elasticity analyses indicated lambda responded more strongly to proportionate change in non-breeding and breeding survival rates of adults and juveniles than any reproductive variable. Life stage analyses corroborated this result. At baseline values, survival of adults and juveniles may be the main determinants of growth in these populations, and reproduction may not be adequate to compensate for these losses. Therefore, population growth above baseline levels may be regularly needed to restock these populations. Researchers have hypothesized that population dynamics may differ between mixed mesopytic and oak-dominated sites due to differences in forage quality and quantity. Thus, a potential mechanism for the increases in;. needed to sustain populations on mixed mesophytic forest sites is the greater fecundity observed during years with high oak or beech (Fagus grandifolia) mast abundance. The availability of this high quality forage allows hens to enter the breeding season in better condition and realize higher fertility. Alternatively, on oak-dominated sites, population growth increases may also be a product of higher non-breeding survival of birds in mast years, when birds do not need to range as far to forage and can limit their exposure to predators. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Fordham Univ, Louis Calder Ctr, Biol Field Stn, Armonk, NY 10504 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Calif Univ Penn, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, California, PA 15419 USA. W Virginia Div Wildlife Resources, Elkins, WV 26241 USA. Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Wildlife Div, Clear Spring, MD 21722 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. W Virginia Div Wildlife Resources, Lewisburg, WV 24901 USA. Virginia Dept Game & Inland Fisheries, Verona, VA 24482 USA. N Carolina Wildlife Resources Commiss, Providence, NC 27315 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Tirpak, JM (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 2524 S Frontage Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM tirpakj@missouri.edu NR 71 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 133 IS 3 BP 364 EP 378 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2006.06.014 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 116JC UT WOS:000242797500009 ER PT J AU Price, SJ Dorcas, ME Gallant, AL Klaver, RW Willson, JD AF Price, Steven J. Dorcas, Michael E. Gallant, Alisa L. Klaver, Robert W. Willson, John D. TI Three decades of urbanization: Estimating the impact of land-cover change on stream salamander populations SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Desmognathus fuscus; Eurycea cirrigera; land cover change; North Carolina; northern dusky salamander; southern two-lined salamander; urban sprawl ID DESMOGNATHUS-FUSCUS-FUSCUS; BROOK EXPERIMENTAL FOREST; HEADWATER STREAMS; UNITED-STATES; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; LANDSCAPE; BIOMASS; AMPHIBIANS AB Urbanization has become the dominant form of landscape disturbance in parts of the United States. Small streams in the Piedmont region of the eastern United States support high densities of salamanders and are often the first habitats to be affected by landscape-altering factors such as urbanization. We used US Geological Survey land cover data from 1972 to 2000 and a relation between stream salamanders and land cover, established from recent research, to estimate the impact of contemporary land-cover change on the abundance of stream salamanders near Davidson, North Carolina, a Piedmont locale that has experienced rapid urbanization during this time. Our analysis indicates that southern two-lined salamander (Eurycea cirrigera) populations have decreased from 32% to 44% while northern dusky salamanders (Desmognathus fuscus) have decreased from 21% to 30% over the last three decades. our results suggest that the widespread conversion of forest to urban land in small catchments has likely resulted in a substantial decline of populations of stream salamanders and could have serious effects on stream ecosystems. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Davidson Coll, Dept Biol, Davidson, NC 28035 USA. USGS Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Price, SJ (reprint author), Davidson Coll, Dept Biol, Davidson, NC 28035 USA. EM sjprice@davidson.edu; midorcas@davidson.edu; gallant@usgs.gov; bklaver@usgs.gov; willson@srel.edu NR 31 TC 44 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 133 IS 4 BP 436 EP 441 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2006.07.005 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 120NN UT WOS:000243091800004 ER PT J AU Stirling, M Petersen, M AF Stirling, Mark Petersen, Mark TI Comparison of the historical record of earthquake hazard with seismic-hazard models for New Zealand and the continental United States SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB We compare the historical record of earthquake hazard experienced at 78 towns and cities (sites) distributed across New Zealand and the continental United States with the hazard estimated from the national probabilistic seismic-hazard (PSH) models for the two countries. The two PSH models are constructed with similar methodologies and data. Our comparisons show a tendency for the PSH models to slightly exceed the historical hazard in New Zealand and westernmost continental United States interplate regions, but show lower hazard than that of the historical record in the continental United States intraplate region. Factors such as non-Poissonian behavior, parameterization of active fault data in the PSH calculations, and uncertainties in estimation of ground-motion levels from historical felt intensity data for the interplate regions may have led to the higher-than-historical levels of hazard at the interplate sites. In contrast, the less-than-historical hazard for the remaining continental United States (intraplate) sites may be largely due to site conditions not having been considered at the intraplate sites, and uncertainties in correlating ground-motion levels to historical felt intensities. The study also highlights the importance of evaluating PSH models at more than one region, because the conclusions reached on the basis of a solely interplate or intraplate study would be very different. C1 GNS Sci, Lower Hutt 6009, New Zealand. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80255 USA. RP Stirling, M (reprint author), GNS Sci, POB 30368, Lower Hutt 6009, New Zealand. NR 13 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 5 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 96 IS 6 BP 1978 EP 1994 DI 10.1785/0120050176 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 116SD UT WOS:000242821700002 ER PT J AU Cramer, CH AF Cramer, Chris H. TI Quantifying the uncertainty in site amplification modeling and its effects on site-specific seismic-hazard estimation in the upper Mississippi embayment and adjacent areas SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SHEAR-WAVE VELOCITY; GROUND-MOTION; MEMPHIS; ZONE; PROPAGATION; PREDICTION; EARTHQUAKE; SOILS; MAPS AB The Mississippi embayment, located in the central United States, and its thick deposits of sediments (over 1 km in places) have a large effect on earthquake ground motions. Several previous studies have addressed how these thick sediments might modify probabilistic seismic-hazard maps. The high seismic hazard associated with the New Madrid seismic zone makes it particularly important to quantify the uncertainty in modeling site amplification to better represent earthquake hazard in seismic-hazard maps. The methodology of the Memphis urban seismic-hazard-mapping project (Cramer et al., 2004) is combined with the reference profile approach of Toro and Silva (2001) to better estimate seismic hazard in the Mississippi embayment. Improvements over previous approaches include using the 2002 national seismic-hazard model, fully probabilistic hazard calculations, calibration of site amplification with improved nonlinear soil-response estimates, and estimates of uncertainty. Comparisons are made with the results of several previous studies, and estimates of uncertainty inherent in site-amplification modeling for the upper Mississippi embayment are developed. I present new seismic-hazard maps for the upper Mississippi embayment with the effects of site geology incorporating these uncertainties. C1 US Geol Survey, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. RP Cramer, CH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3890 Cent Ave, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. EM cramer@ceri.memphis.edu NR 36 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 96 IS 6 BP 2008 EP 2020 DI 10.1785/0120060037 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 116SD UT WOS:000242821700004 ER PT J AU Liu, PC Archuleta, RJ Hartzell, SH AF Liu, Pengcheng Archuleta, Ralph J. Hartzell, Stephen H. TI Prediction of broadband ground-motion time histories: Hybrid low/high-frequency method with correlated random source parameters SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID 1994 NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE; GREENS-FUNCTIONS; LOS-ANGELES; CALIFORNIA; RUPTURE; SIMULATION; FAULT; VELOCITY; MODELS; PROPAGATION AB We present a new method for calculating broadband time histories of ground motion based on a hybrid low-frequency/high-frequency approach with correlated source parameters. Using a finite-difference method we calculate low-frequency synthetics (< similar to 1 Hz) in a 3D velocity structure. We also compute broadband synthetics in a 1D velocity model using a frequency-wavenumber method. The low frequencies from the 3D calculation are combined with the high frequencies from the 1D calculation by using matched filtering at a crossover frequency of 1 Hz. The source description, common to both the 1D and 3D synthetics, is based on correlated random distributions for the slip amplitude, rupture velocity, and rise time on the fault. This source description allows for the specification of source parameters independent of any a priori inversion results. In our broadband modeling we include correlation between slip amplitude, rupture velocity, and rise time, as suggested by dynamic fault modeling. The method of using correlated random source parameters is flexible and can be easily modified to adjust to our changing understanding of earthquake ruptures. A realistic attenuation model is common to both the 3D and 1D calculations that form the low- and high-frequency components of the broadband synthetics. The value of Q is a function of the local shear-wave velocity. To produce more accurate high-frequency amplitudes and durations, the 1D synthetics are corrected with a randomized, frequency-dependent radiation pattern. The 1D synthetics are further corrected for local site and nonlinear soil effects by using a 1D nonlinear propagation code and generic velocity structure appropriate for the site's National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) site classification. The entire procedure is validated by comparison with the 1994 Northridge, California, strong ground motion data set. The bias and error found here for response spectral acceleration are similar to the best results that have been published by others for the Northridge rupture. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Crustal Studies, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Liu, PC (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Crustal Studies, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. NR 46 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 7 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 96 IS 6 BP 2118 EP 2130 DI 10.1785/0120060036 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 116SD UT WOS:000242821700012 ER PT J AU Atkinson, GM Boore, DM AF Atkinson, Gail M. Boore, David M. TI Earthquake ground-motion prediction equations for eastern North America SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID 26 JANUARY 2001; M-W 7.6; SOURCE SPECTRA; ROCK SITES; SOUTHEASTERN CANADA; SOURCE PARAMETERS; UNITED-STATES; FREQUENCY; AMPLIFICATION; ATTENUATION AB New earthquake ground-motion relations for hard-rock and soil sites in eastern North America (ENA), including estimates of their aleatory uncertainty (variability) have been developed based on a stochastic finite-fault model. The model incorporates new information obtained from ENA seismographic data gathered over the past 10 years, including three-component broadband data that provide new information on ENA source and path effects. Our new prediction equations are similar to the previous ground-motion prediction equations of Atkinson and Boore (1995), which were based on a stochastic point-source model. The main difference is that high-frequency amplitudes (f >= 5 Hz) are less than previously predicted (by about a factor of 1.6 within 100 km), because of a slightly lower average stress parameter (140 bars versus 180 bars) and a steeper near-source attenuation. At frequencies less than 5 Hz, the predicted ground motions from the new equations are generally within 25% of those predicted by Atkinson and Boore (1995). The prediction equations agree well with available ENA ground-motion data as evidenced by near-zero average residuals (within a factor of 1.2) for all frequencies, and the lack of any significant residual trends with distance. However, there is a tendency to positive residuals for moderate events at high frequencies in the distance range from 30 to 100 km (by as much as a factor of 2). This indicates epistemic uncertainty in the prediction model. The positive residuals for moderate events at < 100 km could be eliminated by an increased stress parameter, at the cost of producing negative residuals in other magnitude-distance ranges; adjustment factors to the equations are provided that may be used to model this effect. C1 Carleton Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Atkinson, GM (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. EM gmatkinson@aol.com; boore@usgs.gov NR 56 TC 259 Z9 266 U1 1 U2 30 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 96 IS 6 BP 2181 EP 2205 DI 10.1785/0120050245 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 116SD UT WOS:000242821700016 ER PT J AU Bakun, WH AF Bakun, William H. TI MMI attenuation and historical earthquakes in the Basin and Range province of western North America SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID 1989 LOMA-PRIETA; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; SIERRA-NEVADA; VALLEY EARTHQUAKE; SAN-FRANCISCO; MAGNITUDE; REGION; INTENSITY; MEXICO; MODEL AB Earthquakes in central Nevada (1932-1959) were used to develop a modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) attenuation model for estimating moment magnitude M for earthquakes in the Basin and Range province of interior western North America. M is 7.4-7.5 for the 26 March 1872 Owens Valley, California, earthquake, in agreement with Beanland and Clark's (1994) M 7.6 that was estimated from geologic field observations. M is 7.5 for the 3 May 1887 Sonora, Mexico, earthquake, in agreement with Natali and Sbar's (1982) M 7.4 and Suter's (2006) M 7.5, both estimated from geologic field observations. MMI at sites in California for earthquakes in the Nevada Basin and Range apparently are not much affected by the Sierra Nevada except at sites near the Sierra Nevada where MMI is reduced. This reduction in MMI is consistent with a shadow zone produced by the root of the Sierra Nevada. In contrast, MMI assignments for earthquakes located in the eastern Sierra Nevada near the west margin of the Basin and Range are greater than predicted at sites in California. These higher MMI values may result from critical reflections due to layering near the base of the Sierra Nevada. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Bakun, WH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 58 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 96 IS 6 BP 2206 EP 2220 DI 10.1785/0120060045 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 116SD UT WOS:000242821700017 ER PT J AU Love, MS Schroeder, DM Lenarz, B Cochrane, GR AF Love, Milton S. Schroeder, Donna M. Lenarz, Bill Cochrane, Guy R. TI Gimme shelter: The importance of crevices to some fish species inhabiting a deeper-water rocky outcrop in Southern California SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article ID HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS; ROCKFISH SEBASTES; SEA-FLOOR; ASSEMBLAGES; PATTERNS; REEF AB Federal law governing fisheries management recognizes the role habitat plays in structuring fish assemblages and achieving sustainable fisheries. However, in most instances it is not known which aspects of habitat are important to the lives of fish species. In 2004, we examined the importance of sheltering sites (crevices) to fishes living along low ledges in deeper waters off Anacapa Island, southern California. We found that patterns of fish-habitat relationships varied among the eight most abundant species. Three species, bocaccio (Sebastes paucispinis), vermilion (S. miniatus), and flag (S. rubivinctus) rock- fishes, had densities one to three orders of magnitude greater in the deep crevice habitat compared to low relief rock or shallow crevice habitats. Density and mean size of the two most abundant fishes, halfbanded (S. semicinctus) and squarespot (S. hopkinsi) rockfishes, generally increased as complexity of rock habitat increased. Not all species had the highest densities in deep crevice habitat. Greenspotted rockfish (S. chlorostictus) and blackeye goby (Rhinogobiops nicholsii) showed no significant difference in density among rock habitats. Pink seaperch (Zalembius rosaceus) were absent in the deep crevice habitat and abundant only in low relief rock habitats. Our study implies that it is not sufficient to distinguish only between soft and hard bottom types when using habitat to guide fisheries management strategies. Finer-scale investigations of fish-habitat relationships, paired with habitat mapping and groundtruthing, aid in the design and positioning of Marine Park Areas (MPAs) and are necessary to facilitate understanding of how a particular MPA may contribute to fisheries management. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. USGS Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP Love, MS (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM love@lifesci.ucsb.edu RI Bizzarro, Joseph/A-2988-2012 NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 47 BP 119 EP 126 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 136LC UT WOS:000244222600009 ER PT J AU Muhs, DR Budahn, JR AF Muhs, Daniel R. Budahn, James R. TI Reply to the discussion by F. Lagroix and S.K. Banerjee of "Geochemical evidence for the origin of late Quaternary loess in central Alaska" SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material ID KATABATIC WINDS; YUKON-TERRITORY; LUMINESCENCE; FAIRBANKS; EVOLUTION; SEDIMENT; EXAMPLE; RIVER; FLOW C1 US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Muhs, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS 980,Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM dmuhs@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4077 J9 CAN J EARTH SCI JI Can. J. Earth Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 43 IS 12 BP 1891 EP 1895 DI 10.1139/E06-129 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 149BB UT WOS:000245120500009 ER PT J AU Hard, JJ Elliott, DG Pascho, RJ Chase, DM Park, LK Winton, JR Campton, DE AF Hard, Jeffrey J. Elliott, Diane G. Pascho, Ronald J. Chase, Dorothy M. Park, Linda K. Winton, James R. Campton, Donald E. TI Genetic effects of ELISA-based segregation for control of bacterial kidney disease in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BROOD STOCK SEGREGATION; RENIBACTERIUM-SALMONINARUM; COHO SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; ATLANTIC SALMON; TRANSFERRIN GENOTYPES; SELECTION EXPERIMENTS; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; POVIDONE-IODINE; PACIFIC SALMON AB We evaluated genetic variation in ability of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) to resist two bacterial pathogens: Renibacterium salmoninarum, the agent of bacterial kidney disease (BKD), and Listonella anguillarum, an agent of vibriosis. After measuring R. salmoninarum antigen in 499 adults by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we mated each of 12 males with high or low antigen levels to two females with low to moderate levels and exposed subsets of their progeny to each pathogen separately. We found no correlation between R. salmoninarum antigen level in parents and survival of their progeny following pathogen exposure. We estimated high heritability for resistance to R. salmoninarum (survival h(2) = 0.890 +/- 0.256 (mean +/- standard error)) independent of parental antigen level, but low heritability for resistance to L. anguillarum (h(2) = 0.128 +/- 0.078). The genetic correlation between these survivals (r(A) = -0.204 +/- 0.309) was near zero. The genetic and phenotypic correlations between survival and antigen levels among surviving progeny exposed to R. salmoninarum were both negative (r(A) = -0.716 +/- 0.140; r(P) = -0.378 +/- 0.041), indicating that variation in antigen level is linked to survival. These results suggest that selective culling of female broodstock with high antigen titers, which is effective in controlling BKD in salmon hatcheries, will not affect resistance of their progeny. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. RP Hard, JJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM jeff.hard@noaa.gov RI Hard, Jeffrey/C-7229-2009 NR 76 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 12 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 63 IS 12 BP 2793 EP 2808 DI 10.1139/F06-163 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 132LV UT WOS:000243945200016 ER PT J AU Kannan, K Agusa, T Perrotta, E Thomas, NJ Tanabe, S AF Kannan, Kurunthachalam Agusa, Tetsuro Perrotta, Emily Thomas, Nancy J. Tanabe, Shinsuke TI Comparison of trace element concentrations in livers of diseased, emaciated and non-diseased southern sea otters from the California coast SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE sea otters; trace metals; cadmium; marine mammals; immune suppression ID ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; CADMIUM TOXICITY; METALS; EXPOSURE; ACCUMULATION; POPULATIONS; EXPRESSION; MORTALITY; PATHOLOGY; DISMUTASE AB Infectious diseases have been implicated as a cause of high rates of adult mortality in southern sea otters. Exposure to environmental contaminants can compromise the immuno-competence of animals, predisposing them to infectious diseases. In addition to organic pollutants, certain trace elements can modulate the immune system in marine mammals. Nevertheless, reports of occurrence of trace elements, including toxic heavy metals, in sea otters are not available. In this study, concentrations of 20 trace elements (V, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Mo, Ag, Cd, In, Sri, Sb, Cs, Ba, Hg, Tl, Pb, and Bi) were measured in livers of southern sea otters found dead along the central California coast (n = 80) from 1992 to 2002. Hepatic concentrations of trace elements were compared among sea otters that died from infectious diseases (n = 27), those that died from non-infectious causes (n = 26), and otters that died in emaciated condition with no evidence of another cause of death (n = 27). Concentrations of essential elements in sea otters varied within an order of magnitude, whereas concentrations of non-essential elements varied by two to five orders of magnitude. Hepatic concentrations of Cu and Cd were 10- to 100-fold higher in the sea otters in this study than concentrations reported for any other marine mammal species. Concentrations of Mn, Co, Zn, and Cd were elevated in the diseased and emaciated sea otters relative to the non-diseased sea otters. Elevated concentrations of essential elements such as Mn, Zn, and Co in the diseased/emaciated sea otters suggest that induction of synthesis of metallothionein and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme is occurring in these animals, as a means of protecting the cells from oxidative stress-related injuries. Trace element profiles in diseased and emaciated sea otters suggest that oxidative stress mediates the perturbation of essential-element concentrations. Elevated concentrations of toxic metals such as Cd, in addition to several other organic pollutants, may contribute to oxidative stress-meditated effects in sea otters. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY 12201 USA. SUNY Albany, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Albany, NY 12201 USA. Ehime Univ, CMES, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Kannan, K (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Empire State Plaza,POB 509, Albany, NY 12201 USA. EM kkannan@wadsworth.org RI Tanabe, Shinsuke/G-6950-2013 NR 35 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD DEC PY 2006 VL 65 IS 11 BP 2160 EP 2167 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.06.003 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 119NQ UT WOS:000243019400032 PM 16846630 ER PT J AU Helsel, DR AF Helsel, Dennis R. TI Fabricating data: How substituting values for nondetects can ruin results, and what can be done about it SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE nondetect; detection limit; censored data; statistics ID WATER-QUALITY DATA; CONTAMINANTS; LIMITS AB The most commonly used method in environmental chemistry to deal with values below detection limits is to substitute a fraction of the detection limit for each nondetect. Two decades of research has shown that this fabrication of values produces poor estimates of statistics, and commonly obscures patterns and trends in the data. Papers using substitution may conclude that significant differences, correlations, and regression relationships do not exist, when in fact they do. The reverse may also be true. Fortunately, good alternative methods for dealing with nondetects already exist, and are summarized here with references to original sources. Substituting values for nondetects should be used rarely, and should generally be considered unacceptable in scientific research. There are better ways. C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Helsel, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046,MS 964, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM dhelsel@usgs.gov NR 16 TC 141 Z9 142 U1 7 U2 66 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD DEC PY 2006 VL 65 IS 11 BP 2434 EP 2439 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.04.051 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 119NQ UT WOS:000243019400065 PM 16737727 ER PT J AU Thorne, D Langevin, CD Sukop, MC AF Thorne, Danny Langevin, Christian D. Sukop, Michael C. TI Addition of simultaneous heat and solute transport and variable fluid viscosity to SEAWAT SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE ground water flow modeling; solute transport modeling; heat transport modeling; seawater intrusion ID COUPLED GROUNDWATER-FLOW AB SEAWAT is a finite-difference computer code designed to simulate coupled variable-density ground water flow and solute transport. This paper describes a new version of SEAWAT that adds the ability to simultaneously model energy and solute transport. This is necessary for simulating the transport of heat and salinity in coastal aquifers for example. This work extends the equation of state for fluid density to vary as a function of temperature and/or solute concentration. The program has also been modified to represent the effects of variable fluid viscosity as a function of temperature and/or concentration. The viscosity mechanism is verified against an analytical solution, and a test of temperature-dependent viscosity is provided. Finally, the classic Henry-Hilleke problem is solved with the new code. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33315 USA. Georgetown Coll, Dept Math Phys & Comp Sci, Georgetown, KY 40324 USA. RP Sukop, MC (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Univ Pk, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM sukopm@fiu.edu OI Sukop, Michael/0000-0002-2142-6292 NR 20 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 32 IS 10 BP 1758 EP 1768 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2006.04.005 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 089CN UT WOS:000240857800019 ER PT J AU Haig, SM Beever, EA Chambers, SM Draheim, HM Dugger, BD Dunham, S Elliott-Smith, E Fontaine, JB Kesler, DC Knaus, BJ Lopes, IF Loschl, P Mullins, TD Sheffield, LM AF Haig, Susan M. Beever, Erik A. Chambers, Steven M. Draheim, Hope M. Dugger, Bruce D. Dunham, Susie Elliott-Smith, Elise Fontaine, Joseph B. Kesler, Dylan C. Knaus, Brian J. Lopes, Iara F. Loschl, Pete Mullins, Thomas D. Sheffield, Lisa M. TI Taxonomic considerations in listing subspecies under the US Endangered Species Act SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE distinct population segment; evolutionarily significant unit; IUCN Red List; nomenclature; taxonomy ID GENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; EVOLUTIONARY; DIFFERENTIATION; POPULATIONS; DIVERGENCE; SPECIATION; DIVERSITY AB The US. Endangered Species Act (ESA) allows listing of subspecies and other groupings below the rank of species. This provides the US. Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Marine Fisheries Service with a means to target the most critical unit in need of conservation. Although roughly one-quarter of listed taxa are subspecies, these management agencies are hindered by uncertainties about taxonomic standards during listing or delisting activities. In a review of taxonomic publications and societies, we found few subspecies lists and none that stated standardized criteria for determining subspecific taxa. Lack of criteria is attributed to a centuries-old debate over species and subspecies concepts. Nevertheless, the critical need to resolve this debate for ESA listings led us to propose that minimal biological criteria to define disjunct subspecies (legally or taxonomically) should include the discreteness and significance criteria of distinct population segments (as defined under the ESA). Our subspecies criteria are in stark contrast to that proposed by supporters of the phylogenetic species concept and provide a clear distinction between species and subspecies. Efforts to eliminate or reduce ambiguity associated with subspecies-level classifications will assist with ESA listing decisions. Thus, we urge professional taxonomic societies to publish and periodically update peer-reviewed species and subspecies lists. This effort must be paralleled throughout the world for efficient taxonomic conservation to take place. C1 USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Ecol Serv, Albuquerque, NM 87103 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Haig, SM (reprint author), US Natl Pk Serv Great Lakes Network, 2800 Lake Shore Dr E, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. EM susan_haig@usgs.gov RI Lopes, Iara/A-9425-2013; Fontaine, Joseph/M-9186-2013; OI Fontaine, Joseph/0000-0002-6515-7864; Knaus, Brian/0000-0003-1665-4343 NR 85 TC 86 Z9 91 U1 5 U2 54 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 20 IS 6 BP 1584 EP 1594 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00530.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 115HD UT WOS:000242724500008 PM 17181793 ER PT J AU Bahn, V O'Connor, RJ Krohn, WB AF Bahn, Volker O'Connor, Raymond J. Krohn, William B. TI Importance of spatial autocorrelation in modeling bird distributions at a continental scale SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID GEOGRAPHICAL ECOLOGY; RED HERRINGS; ABUNDANCE; CLASSIFICATION; COMPONENT; PATTERN; TREES; SINKS AB Spatial autocorrelation in species' distributions has been recognized as inflating the probability of a type I error in hypotheses tests, causing biases in variable selection, and violating the assumption of independence of error terms in models such as correlation or regression. However, it remains unclear whether these problems occur at all spatial resolutions and extents, and under which conditions spatially explicit modeling techniques are superior. Our goal was to determine whether spatial models were superior at large extents and across many different species. In addition, we investigated the importance of purely spatial effects in distribution patterns relative to the variation that could be explained through environmental conditions. We studied distribution patterns of 108 bird species in the conterminous United States using ten years of data from the Breeding Bird Survey. We compared the performance of spatially explicit regression models with non-spatial regression models using Akaike's information criterion. In addition, we partitioned the variance in species distributions into an environmental, a pure spatial and a shared component. The spatially-explicit conditional autoregressive regression models strongly outperformed the ordinary least squares regression models. In addition, partialling out the spatial component underlying the species' distributions showed that an average of 17% of the explained variation could be attributed to purely spatial effects independent of the spatial autocorrelation induced by the underlying environmental variables. We concluded that location in the range and neighborhood play an important role in the distribution of species. Spatially explicit models are expected to yield better predictions especially for mobile species such as birds, even in coarse-grained models with a large extent. C1 Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Bahn, V (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Biol, 1205 Doctor Penfield Ave,Stewart Biol Bldg, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. EM volker.bahn@gmx.net NR 64 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 21 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0906-7590 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD DEC PY 2006 VL 29 IS 6 BP 835 EP 844 DI 10.1111/j.2006.0906-7590.04621.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 128CL UT WOS:000243634500005 ER PT J AU Seitzinger, S Harrison, JA Bohlke, JK Bouwman, AF Lowrance, R Peterson, B Tobias, C Van Drecht, G AF Seitzinger, S. Harrison, J. A. Bohlke, J. K. Bouwman, A. F. Lowrance, R. Peterson, B. Tobias, C. Van Drecht, G. TI Denitrification across landscapes and waterscapes: A synthesis SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Review DE continental sheaf; denitrification; estuaries; lakes; nitrogen; oxygen minimum zones; rivers; sediments; soils ID CONTINENTAL-SHELF SEDIMENTS; COASTAL MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; ISOTOPE PAIRING TECHNIQUE; NITROUS-OXIDE PRODUCTION; TROPICAL NORTH PACIFIC; MASS-BALANCE APPROACH; NITRATE-RICH STREAMS; NEW-ENGLAND ESTUARY; SEASONAL-VARIATION AB Denitrification is a critical process regulating the removal of bioavailable nitrogen (N) from natural and human-altered systems. While it has been extensively studied in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine systems, there has been limited communication among denitrification scientists working in these individual systems. Here, we compare rates of denitrification and controlling factors across a range of ecosystem types. We suggest that terrestrial, freshwater, and marine systems in which denitrification occurs can be organized along a continuum ranging from (1) those in which nitrification and denitrification are tightly coupled in space and time to (2) those in which nitrate production and denitrification are relatively decoupled. In aquatic ecosystems, N inputs influence denitrification rates whereas hydrology and geomorphology influence the proportion of N inputs that are denitrified. Relationships between denitrification and water residence time and N load are remarkably similar across lakes, river reaches, estuaries, and continental shelves. Spatially distributed global models of denitrification suggest that continental shelf sediments account for the largest portion (44%) of total global denitrification, followed by terrestrial soils (22%) and oceanic oxygen minimum zones (OMZs; 14%). Freshwater systems (groundwater, lakes, rivers) account for about 20% and estuaries 1% of total global denitrification. Denitrification of land-based N sources is distributed somewhat differently. Within. watersheds, the amount of land-based N denitrified is generally highest in terrestrial soils, with progressively smaller amounts denitrified in groundwater, rivers, lakes and reservoirs, and estuaries. A number of regional exceptions to this general trend of decreasing denitrification in a downstream direction exist, including significant denitrification in continental shelves of N from terrestrial sources. Though terrestrial soils and groundwater are responsible for much denitrification at the watershed scale, per-area denitrification rates in soils and groundwater (kg N.km(-2).yr(-1)) are, on average, approximately one-tenth the per-area rates of denitrification in lakes, rivers, estuaries, continental shelves, or OMZs. A number of potential approaches to increase denitrification on the landscape, and thus decrease N export to sensitive coastal systems exist. However, these have not generally been widely tested for their effectiveness at scales required to significantly reduce N export at the whole watershed scale. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, NOAA CMER Program, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Netherlands Environm Assessment Agcy, NL-3720 AH Bilthoven, Netherlands. USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Earth Sci, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. RP Seitzinger, S (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, NOAA CMER Program, 71 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM sybil@marine.rutgers.edu RI Harrison, John/F-2280-2011; Bouwman, Lex/B-7053-2012; Bouwman, Lex/F-1444-2015 OI Bouwman, Lex/0000-0002-2045-1859 NR 189 TC 578 Z9 606 U1 55 U2 486 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 16 IS 6 BP 2064 EP 2090 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[2064:DALAWA]2.0.CO;2 PG 27 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 117CC UT WOS:000242849300004 PM 17205890 ER PT J AU Groffman, PM Altabet, MA Bohlke, JK Butterbach-Bahl, K David, MB Firestone, MK Giblin, AE Kana, TM Nielsen, LP Voytek, MA AF Groffman, Peter M. Altabet, Mark A. Bohlke, J. K. Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus David, Mark B. Firestone, Mary K. Giblin, Anne E. Kana, Todd M. Nielsen, Lars Peter Voytek, Mary A. TI Methods for measuring denitrification: Diverse approaches to a difficult problem SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Review DE denitrification; greenhouse effect; nitrate; nitric oxide; nitrogen; nitrous oxide; stable isotopes; water quality ID ISOTOPE PAIRING TECHNIQUE; NITROUS-OXIDE REDUCTION; MEASURING BENTHIC DENITRIFICATION; ACETYLENE-INHIBITION TECHNIQUE; LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF SEDIMENTS; INLET MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TROPICAL NORTH-PACIFIC; SOIL CORE METHOD; ANAEROBIC AMMONIUM OXIDATION AB Denitrification, the reduction of the nitrogen (N) oxides, nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-), to the gases nitric oxide (NO), nitrous oxide (N2O), and dinitrogen (NA is important to primary production, water quality, and the chemistry and physics of the atmosphere at ecosystem, landscape, regional, and global scales. Unfortunately, this process is very difficult to measure, and existing methods are problematic for different reasons in different places at different times. In this paper, we review the major approaches that have been taken to measure denitrification in terrestrial and aquatic environments and discuss the strengths, weaknesses, and future prospects for the different methods. Methodological approaches covered include (1) acetylene-based methods, (2) 15 N tracers, (3) direct N-2 quantification, (4) N-2:Ar ratio quantification, (5) mass balance approaches, (6) stoichiometric approaches, (7) methods based on stable isotopes, (8) in situ gradients with atmospheric environmental tracers, and (9) molecular approaches. Our review makes it clear that the prospects for improved quantification of denitrification vary greatly in different environments and at different scales. While current methodology allows for the production of accurate estimates of denitrification at scales relevant to water and air quality and ecosystem fertility questions in some systems (e.g., aquatic sediments, well-defined aquifers), methodology for other systems, especially upland terrestrial areas, still needs development. Comparison of mass balance and stoichiometric approaches that constrain estimates of denitrification at large scales with point measurements (made using multiple methods), in multiple systems, is likely to propel more improvement in denitrification methods over the next few years. C1 New York Bot Garden, Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Karlsruhe Res Ctr, Inst Meterol & Climate Res, Atmospher Environm Res, D-82467 Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Maryland, Horn Point Lab, Marine Estuarine Environm Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Aarhus Univ, Inst Biochem, Dept Microbiol Ecol, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. RP Groffman, PM (reprint author), New York Bot Garden, Inst Ecosyst Studies, Box AB, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. EM GroffmanP@ecostudies.org RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011; Nielsen, Lars Peter/J-7401-2013; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus/A-8081-2013 OI Nielsen, Lars Peter/0000-0002-7269-4860; NR 259 TC 371 Z9 391 U1 47 U2 414 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 16 IS 6 BP 2091 EP 2122 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[2091:MFMDDA]2.0.CO;2 PG 32 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 117CC UT WOS:000242849300005 PM 17205891 ER PT J AU Boyer, EW Alexander, RB Parton, WJ Li, CS Butterbach-Bahl, K Donner, SD Skaggs, RW Del Gross, SJ AF Boyer, Elizabeth W. Alexander, Richard B. Parton, William J. Li, Changsheng Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus Donner, Simon D. Skaggs, R. Wayne Del Gross, Stephen J. TI Modeling denitrification in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems at regional scales SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Review DE aquatic; denitrification; modeling; nitrogen cycle; regional; terrestrial ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; TEMPERATE FOREST SOILS; UNITED-STATES; LANDSCAPE-SCALE; RIVER-BASIN; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; NORTHEASTERN USA; WATERSHED-SCALE; NITRATE REDUCTION AB Quantifying where, when, and how much denitrification occurs on the basis of measurements alone remains particularly vexing at virtually all spatial scales. As a result, models have become essential tools for integrating current understanding of the processes that control denitrification with measurements of rate-control ling properties so that the permanent losses of N within landscapes can be quantified at watershed and regional scales. In this paper, we describe commonly used approaches for modeling denitrification and N cycling processes in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems based on selected examples from the literature. We highlight future needs for developing complementary measurements and models of denitrification. Most of the approaches described here do not explicitly simulate microbial dynamics, but make predictions by representing the environmental conditions where denitrification is expected to occur, based on conceptualizations of the N cycle and empirical data from field and laboratory investigations of the dominant process controls. Models of denitrification in terrestrial ecosystems include generally similar rate-controlling variables, but vary in their complexity of the descriptions of natural and human-related properties of the landscape, reflecting a range of scientific and management perspectives. Models of denitrification in aquatic ecosystems range in complexity from highly detailed mechanistic simulations of the N cycle to simpler source-transport models of aggregate N removal processes estimated with empirical functions, though all estimate aquatic N removal using first-order reaction rate or mass-transfer rate expressions. Both the terrestrial and aquatic modeling approaches considered here generally indicate that denitrification is an important and highly substantial component of the N cycle over large spatial scales. How, ever, the uncertainties of model predictions are large. Future progress will be linked to advances in field measurements, spatial databases, and model structures. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Assessment Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resources Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Boyer, EW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM boyer@nature.berkeley.edu RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; Boyer, Elizabeth/D-6617-2013; Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus/A-8081-2013 NR 153 TC 135 Z9 136 U1 11 U2 98 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 16 IS 6 BP 2123 EP 2142 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[2123:MDITAA]2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 117CC UT WOS:000242849300006 PM 17205892 ER PT J AU Wallenstein, MD Myrold, DD Firestone, M Voytek, M AF Wallenstein, Matthew D. Myrold, David D. Firestone, Mary Voytek, Mary TI Environmental controls on denitrifying communities and denitrification rates: Insights from molecular methods SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE denitrification; functional genes; microbial community composition; molecular techniques; N2O; nor; nirK; nirS; nor; nosZ; proximal and distal controls ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS; NITRATE-REDUCING COMMUNITY; REDUCTASE GENES NIRK; REAL-TIME PCR; NITRITE REDUCTASE; NITROUS-OXIDE; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; FOREST SOILS; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM AB The advent of molecular techniques has improved our understanding of the microbial communities responsible for denitrification and is beginning to address their role in controlling denitrification processes. There is a large diversity of bacteria, archaea, and fungi capable of denitrification, and their community composition is structured by long-term environmental drivers. The range of temperature and moisture conditions, substrate availability, competition, and disturbances have long-lasting legacies on denitrifier community structure. These communities may differ in physiology, environmental tolerances to pH and O-2, growth rate, and enzyme kinetics. Although factors such as O-2, pH, C availability, and NO3- pools affect instantaneous rates, these drivers act through the biotic community. This review summarizes the results of molecular investigations of denitrifier communities in natural environments and provides a framework for developing future research for addressing connections between denitrifier community structure and function. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Wallenstein, MD (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA USA. EM wallenstein@lifesci.ucsb.edu RI Wallenstein, Matthew/C-6441-2008; Myrold, David/E-1813-2011; Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011 OI Wallenstein, Matthew/0000-0002-6219-1442; Myrold, David/0000-0001-6418-226X; NR 73 TC 190 Z9 205 U1 21 U2 250 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 16 IS 6 BP 2143 EP 2152 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[2143:ECODCA]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 117CC UT WOS:000242849300007 PM 17205893 ER PT J AU Smith, LK Voytek, MA Bohlke, JK Harvey, JW AF Smith, Lesley K. Voytek, Mary A. Bohlke, John Karl Harvey, Judson W. TI Denitrification in nitrate-rich streams: Application of N-2 : Ar and N-15-tracer methods in intact cores SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE N-15; agriculture; denitrification; isotope ratio mass spectrometry; isotope tracer; membrane inlet mass spectrometry; Mississippi River Basin; sediment oxygen demand; streams ID CONTINENTAL-SHELF SEDIMENTS; ACETYLENE INHIBITION TECHNIQUE; ISOTOPE PAIRING TECHNIQUE; INLET MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GLOBAL NITROGEN-CYCLE; FRESH-WATER; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; DENITRIFYING ACTIVITY; SEASONAL-VARIATION AB Rates of benthic denitrification were measured using two techniques, membrane inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS) and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), applied to sediment cores from two NO3-rich streams draining agricultural land in the upper Mississippi River Basin. Denitrification was estimated simultaneously from measurements of N2:Ar (MIMS) and N-15[N-2] (IRMS) after the addition of low-level (NO3-)-N-15 tracer (N-15:N = 0.03- 0.08) in stream water overlying intact sediment cores. Denitrification rates ranged from about 0 to 4400 mu mol N.m(-2).h(-1) in Sugar Creek and from 0 to 1300 mu mol N.m(-2).h(-1) in Iroquois River, the latter of which possesses greater streamflow discharge and a more homogeneous streambed and water column. Within the uncertainties of the two techniques, there is good agreement between the MIMS and IRMS results, which indicates that the production of N-2 by the coupled process of nitrification/denitrification was relatively unimportant and surface-water NO3- was the dominant source of NO3- for benthic denitrification in these streams. Variation in stream NO3- concentration (from about 20 mu mol/L during low discharge to 1000 mu mol/L during high discharge) was a significant control of benthic denitrification rates, judging from the more abundant MIMS data. The interpretation that NO3- concentration directly affects denitrification rate was corroborated by increased rates of denitrification in cores amended with NO3-. Denitrification in Sugar Creek removed < 11% per day of the instream NO3- in late spring and removed roughly 15-20% in late summer. The fraction of NO3- removed in Iroquois River was less than that of Sugar Creek. Although benthic denitrification rates were relatively high during periods of high stream flow, when NO3- concentrations were also high, the increase in benthic denitrification could not compensate for the much larger increase in stream NO3- fluxes during high flow. Consequently, fractional NO3- losses were relatively low during high flow. C1 Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Smith, LK (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, UCB 449, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM mavoytek@usgs.gov RI Harvey, Judson/L-2047-2013 OI Harvey, Judson/0000-0002-2654-9873 NR 83 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 5 U2 46 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 16 IS 6 BP 2191 EP 2207 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[2191:DINSAO]2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 117CC UT WOS:000242849300011 PM 17205897 ER PT J AU Perlut, NG Strong, AM Donovan, TM Buckley, NJ AF Perlut, Noah G. Strong, Allan M. Donovan, Therese M. Buckley, Neil J. TI Grassland songbirds in a dynamic management landscape: Behavioral responses and management strategies SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Bobolink; Dolichonyx oryzivorus; fledglings per year; grassland management; hayfield; logistic exposure; nest success; New York; Passerculus sandwichensis; rotationally grazed pasture; Savannah; Sparrow; Vermont ID SIMULATED GROUND NESTS; SUCCESS; SASKATCHEWAN; SPARROWS; QUALITY AB In recent decades, earlier and more frequent harvests of agricultural grasslands have been implicated as a major cause of population declines in grassland songbirds. From 2002 to 2005, in the Champlain Valley of Vermont and New York, USA, we studied the reproductive success of Savannah Sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis) and Bobolinks (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) on four grassland treatments: (1) early-hayed fields cut before 11 June and again in early- to mid-July; (2) middle-hayed fields cut once between 21 June and 10 July; (3) late-hayed fields cut after 1 August; and (4) rotationally grazed pastures. Both the number of fledglings per female per year and nest success (logistic-exposure method) varied among treatments and between species. Although birds initiated nests earlier on early-hayed fields compared to others, haying caused 99% of active Savannah Sparrow and 100% of active Bobolink nests to fail. Both the initial cutting date and time between cuttings influenced renesting behavior. After haying, Savannah Sparrows generally remained on early-hayed fields and immediately renested (clutch completion 15.6 +/- 1.28 days post-haying; all values are reported as mean +/- SE), while Bobolinks abandoned the fields for at least two weeks (mean clutch completion 33 +/- 0.82 days post-haying). While female Savannah Sparrows fledged more offspring per year (1.28 +/- 0.16) than female Bobolinks (0.05 +/- 0.05), reproductive success on early-hayed fields was low. The number of fledglings per female per year was greater on middle-hayed fields (Savannah Sparrows, 3.47 +/- 0.42; Bobolinks, 2.22 +/- 0.26), and late-hayed fields (Savannah Sparrows, 3.29 +/- 0.30; Bobolinks, 2.79 +/- 0.18). Reproductive success was moderate on rotationally grazed pastures, where female Savannah Sparrows and female Bobolinks produced 2.32 +/- 0.25 and 1.79 +/- 0.33 fledgling per year, respectively. We simultaneously conducted cutting surveys throughout the Champlain Valley and found that 3-8% of hayfield habitat was cut by 1-4 June, 25-40% by 12-16 June, and 32-60% by 28 June-2 July. Thus, the majority of grassland habitat was cut during the breeding season; however, late-hayed fields served as high-quality reserves for late-nesting female Bobolinks that were displaced from previously bayed fields. For fields first cut in May, a 65-day interval between cuts could provide enough time for both species to successfully fledge young. C1 Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Dept Sci Biol, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. RP Perlut, NG (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 81 Carrigan Dr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM nperlut@uvm.edu NR 32 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 40 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 16 IS 6 BP 2235 EP 2247 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[2235:GSIADM]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 117CC UT WOS:000242849300015 PM 17205901 ER PT J AU Tinker, MT Doak, DF Estes, JA Hatfield, BB Hatfield, BB Staedler, MM Bodkin, JL AF Tinker, M. Tim Doak, Daniel F. Estes, James A. Hatfield, Brian B. Hatfield, Brian B. Staedler, Michelle M. Bodkin, James L. TI Incorporating diverse data and realistic complexity into demographic estimation procedures for sea otters SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE age-specitic survival; age structure; AIC; Enhydra lutris nereis; maximum likelihood; model averaging; model uncertainty; southern sea otter; spatially structured demographic model ID ENHYDRA-LUTRIS-NEREIS; ESTIMATING SURVIVAL RATES; AGE-STRUCTURE DATA; STATISTICAL-INFERENCE; UNGULATE POPULATION; MORTALITY PATTERNS; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; SPATIAL DYNAMICS; TIME-SERIES; MODEL AB Reliable information on historical and current population dynamics is central to understanding patterns of growth and decline in animal populations. We developed a maximum likelihood-based analysis to estimate spatial and temporal trends in age/sex-specific survival rates for the threatened southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis), using annual population censuses and the age structure of salvaged carcass collections. We evaluated a wide range of possible spatial and temporal effects and used model averaging to incorporate model uncertainty into the resulting estimates of key vital rates and their variances. We compared these results to current demographic parameters estimated in a telemetry-based study conducted between 2001 and 2004. These results show that survival has decreased substantially from the early 1996s to the present and is generally lowest in the north-central portion of the population's range. The greatest temporal decrease in survival was for adult females, and variation in the survival of this age/sex class is primarily responsible for regulating population growth and driving population trends. Our results can be used to focus future research on southern sea otters by highlighting the life history stages and mortality factors most relevant to conservation. More broadly, we have illustrated how the powerful and relatively straightforward tools of information-theoretic-based model fitting can be used to sort through and parameterize quite complex demographic modeling frameworks. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Ctr Ocean Hlth, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. US Geol Survey, San Simeon, CA 93452 USA. Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Sea Otter Res & Conservat, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Tinker, MT (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Ctr Ocean Hlth, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM tinker@biology.ucsc.edu RI Tinker, Martin/F-1277-2011 NR 83 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 24 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 16 IS 6 BP 2293 EP 2312 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[2293:IDDARC]2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 117CC UT WOS:000242849300019 PM 17205905 ER PT J AU Belant, JL Kielland, K Follmann, EH Adam, LG AF Belant, Jerrold L. Kielland, Knut Follmann, Erich H. Adam, Layne G. TI Interspecific resource partitioning in sympatric ursids SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Alaska; USA; American black bear; brown bear; diet; Oncorhynchus spp.; resource partitioning; salmon; Ursus americanus; Ursus arctos ID BEARS URSUS-MARITIMUS; BLACK BEARS; GRIZZLY BEARS; BODY-COMPOSITION; STABLE-ISOTOPES; POLAR BEARS; BROWN BEARS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; MOOSE MORTALITY; MINNESOTA AB The fundamental niche of a species is rarely if ever realized because the presence of other species restricts it to a narrower range of ecological conditions. The effects of this narrower range of conditions define how resources are partitioned. Resource partitioning has been inferred but not demonstrated previously for sympatric ursids. We estimated assimilated diet in relation to body condition (body fat and lean and total body mass) and reproduction for sympatric brown bears (Ursus arctos) and American black bears (U. americanus) in southcentral Alaska, 1998-2000. Based on isotopic analysis of blood and keratin in claws, salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) predominated in brown bear diets (> 53% annually) whereas black bears assimilated 0-25% salmon annually. Black bears did not exploit salmon during a year with below average spawning numbers, probably because brown bears deterred black bear access to salmon. Proportion of salmon in assimilated diet was consistent across years for brown bears and represented the major portion of their diet. Body size of brown bears in the study area approached mean body size of several coastal brown bear populations, demonstrating the importance of salmon availability to body condition. Black bears occurred at a comparable density (mass: mass), but body condition varied and was related directly to the amount of salmon assimilated in their diet. Both species gained most lean body mass during spring and all body fat during summer when salmon were present. Improved body condition (i.e., increased percentage body fat) from salmon consumption reduced catabolism of lean body mass during hibernation, resulting in better body condition the following spring. Further, black bear reproduction was directly related to body condition; reproductive rates were reduced when body condition was lower. High body fat content across years for brown bears was reflected in consistently high reproductive levels. We suggest that the fundamental niche of black bears was constrained by brown bears through partitioning of food resources, which varied among years. Reduced exploitation of salmon caused black bears to rely more extensively on less reliable or nutritious food sources (e.g., moose [Alces alces], berries) resulting in lowered body condition and subsequent reproduction. C1 Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Natl Pk Serv, Denali Natl Pk & Preserve, Denali Natl Pk, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Belant, JL (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Pictured Rocks Sci Ctr, Box 40, Munising, MI 49862 USA. EM Jerry_Belant@nps.gov NR 67 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 33 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 16 IS 6 BP 2333 EP 2343 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[2333:IRPISU]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 117CC UT WOS:000242849300022 PM 17205908 ER PT J AU Kumar, S Stohlgren, TJ Chong, GW AF Kumar, Sunil Stohlgren, Thomas J. Chong, Geneva W. TI Spatial heterogeneity influences native and nonnative plant species richness SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AIC; FRAGSTATS; landscape metrics; model selection; native and nonnative plant species richness; Rocky Mountains; spatial autocorrelation; spatial heterogeneity; spatial scales ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; CENTRAL GRASSLANDS; CANOPY STRUCTURE; REGIONAL-SCALE; DIVERSITY; PATTERN; FOREST; DISTURBANCE; VEGETATION AB Spatial heterogeneity may have differential effects on the distribution of native and nonnative plant species richness. We examined the effects of spatial heterogeneity on native and nonnative plant species richness distributions in the central part of Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA. Spatial heterogeneity around vegetation plots was characterized using landscape metrics, environmental/topographic variables ( slope, aspect, elevation, and distance from stream or river), and soil variables ( nitrogen, clay, and sand). The landscape metrics represented five components of landscape heterogeneity and were measured at four spatial extents ( within varying radii of 120, 240, 480, and 960 m) using the FRAGSTATS landscape pattern analysis program. Akaike's Information Criterion adjusted for small sample size (AIC(c)) was used to select the best models from a set of multiple linear regression models developed for native and nonnative plant species richness at four spatial extents and three levels of ecological hierarchy (i.e., landscape, land cover, and community). Both native and nonnative plant species richness were positively correlated with edge density, Simpson's diversity index and interspersion/juxtaposition index, and were negatively correlated with mean patch size. The amount of variation explained at four spatial extents and three hierarchical levels ranged from 30% to 70%. At the landscape level, the best models explained 43% of the variation in native plant species richness and 70% of the variation in nonnative plant species richness (240-m extent). In general, the amount of variation explained was always higher for nonnative plant species richness, and the inclusion of landscape metrics always significantly improved the models. The best models explained 66% of the variation in nonnative plant species richness for both the conifer land cover type and lodgepole pine community. The relative influence of the components of spatial heterogeneity differed for native and nonnative plant species richness and varied with the spatial extent of analysis and levels of ecological hierarchy. The study offers an approach to quantify spatial heterogeneity to improve models of plant biodiversity. The results demonstrate that ecologists must recognize the importance of spatial heterogeneity in managing native and nonnative plant species. C1 Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Kumar, S (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM sunil@nrel.colostate.edu RI Kumar, Sunil/A-6730-2009 NR 73 TC 107 Z9 108 U1 8 U2 93 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD DEC PY 2006 VL 87 IS 12 BP 3186 EP 3199 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[3186:SHINAN]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 120OL UT WOS:000243094300025 PM 17249242 ER PT J AU Flather, CH Stohlgren, TJ Jarnevich, C Barnett, D Kartesz, J AF Flather, Curtis H. Stohlgren, Thomas J. Jarnevich, Catherine Barnett, David Kartesz, John TI Plant species invasions along the latitudinal gradient in the United States: Reply SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID AREA RELATIONSHIP; SCALE-DEPENDENCE; RICHNESS; PATTERNS; NUMBER; R2; STATISTICS; FLORAS C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Inst Invas Species Sci, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ N Carolina, Biota N Amer Program, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Stohlgren, TJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM tom_stohlgren@usgs.gov RI Flather, Curtis/G-3577-2012 OI Flather, Curtis/0000-0002-0623-3126 NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD DEC PY 2006 VL 87 IS 12 BP 3213 EP 3217 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[3213:PSIATL]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 120OL UT WOS:000243094300028 ER PT J AU Guo, QF Shaffer, T Buhl, T AF Guo, Qinfeng Shaffer, Terry Buhl, Thomas TI Community maturity, species saturation and the variant diversity-productivity relationships in grasslands SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE biotic invasion; developmental stage; diversity gradient; ecosystem functioning; experiments; productivity; restoration ID EXPERIMENTAL PLANT-COMMUNITIES; EUROPEAN GRASSLANDS; ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION; BIODIVERSITY; RICHNESS; INVASION; EVENNESS; HISTORY; SCALE; MODEL AB Detailed knowledge of the relationship between plant diversity and productivity is critical for advancing our understanding of ecosystem functioning and for achieving success in habitat restoration efforts. However, effects and interactions of diversity, succession and biotic invasions on productivity remain elusive. We studied newly established communities in relation to preexisting homogeneous vegetation invaded by exotic plants in the northern Great Plains, USA, at four study sites for 3 years. We observed variant diversity-productivity relationships for the seeded communities (generally positive monotonic at three sites and non-monotonic at the other site) but no relationships for the resident community or the seeded and resident communities combined at all sites and all years. Community richness was enhanced by seeding additional species but productivity was not. The optimal diversity (as indicated by maximum productivity) changed among sites and as the community developed. The findings shed new light on ecosystem functioning of biodiversity under different conditions and have important implications for restoration. C1 US Geol Survey, No Prairie WRC, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Guo, QF (reprint author), USDA, So Res Stn, Eastern Forest Environm Risk Assessment Ctr, POB 2680, Asheville, NC 28802 USA. EM qguo@usgs.gov RI Guo, Qinfeng/A-8034-2009 NR 35 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 23 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 9 IS 12 BP 1284 EP 1292 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00980.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 107UQ UT WOS:000242196900002 PM 17118002 ER PT J AU Momen, B Lawrence, GB Nierzwicki-Bauer, SA Sutherland, JW Eichler, LW Harrison, JP Boylen, CW AF Momen, B. Lawrence, G. B. Nierzwicki-Bauer, S. A. Sutherland, J. W. Eichler, L. W. Harrison, J. P. Boylen, C. W. TI Trends in summer chemistry linked to productivity in lakes recovering from acid deposition in the adirondack region of New York SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE acid deposition; productivity; lake chemistry; summer chemistry; nitrogen; chorophylla; Adirondack lakes ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; STREAM CHEMISTRY; PHYTOPLANKTON RESPONSES; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; KILLARNEY-PARK; ACIDIFICATION; NITRATE; COMMUNITIES; MOUNTAINS AB The US Environmental Protection Agency established the Adirondack Effects Assessment Program (AEAP) to evaluate and monitor the status of biological communities in lakes in the Adirondack region of New York that have been adversely affected by acid deposition. This program includes chemical analysis of 30 lakes, sampled two to three times each summer. Results of trends analysis for lake chemistry and chlorophyll a (chlor a) are presented for 1994 to 2003, and a general comparison is made with recent results of the Adirondack Long-Term Monitoring (ALTM) Program, which included chemical analysis of all but two of these lakes (plus an additional 24 lakes) monthly, year-round for 1992-2004. Increases in pH were found in 25 of the 30 AEAP lakes (P < 0.05) and increases in acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC) were found in 12 of the 30 lakes (P < 0.05). Concentrations of both SO42- and Mg2+ decreased in 11 lakes (P < 0.05), whereas concentrations of NO3- decreased in 20 lakes (P < 0.05). Concentrations of NH4+ decreased in 10 lakes at a significance level of P < 0.05 and in three other lakes based on P < 0.1. Concentrations of inorganic and organic monomeric aluminum generally were below the reporting limit of 1.5 mu mol L-1, but decreases were detected in four and five lakes, respectively (P < 0.1). Concentrations of chlor a increased in seven lakes at a significance level of P < 0.05 and two lakes at a significance level of P < 0.1. A significant inverse correlation was also found between chlor a and NO3- concentrations in nine lakes at a significance level of P < 0.05 and two lakes at a significance level of P < 0.1. Results of AEAP analysis of lake chemistry were similar to those of the ALTM Program, although decreases in SO42- concentrations were more evident in the year-round ALTM record. Overall, the results suggest (a) a degree of chemical recovery from acidification during the summer, (b) an increase in phytoplankton productivity, and (c) a decreasing trend in NO3- concentrations resulting from the increased productivity. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resources Sci & LA, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Darrin Fresh Water Inst, New York, NY 12810 USA. New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Albany, NY 12233 USA. RP Momen, B (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resources Sci & LA, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM glawrenc@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD DEC PY 2006 VL 9 IS 8 BP 1306 EP 1317 DI 10.1007/s10021-006-0012-6 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 128IS UT WOS:000243652000008 ER PT J AU Docherty, DE Samuel, MD Nolden, CA Egstad, KF Griffin, KM AF Docherty, Douglas E. Samuel, Michael D. Nolden, Cherrie A. Egstad, Kristina F. Griffin, Kathryn M. TI West Nile virus antibody prevalence in wild mammals, southern Wisconsin SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; SEROLOGIC EVIDENCE; UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; SURVEILLANCE AB Twenty percent prevalence of West Nile virus antibody was found in free-ranging medium-sized Wisconsin mammals. No significant differences were noted in antibody prevalence with regard to sex, age, month of collection, or species. Our results suggest a similar route of infection in these mammals. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Geol Survey, Madison, WI USA. RP Samuel, MD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, 1630 Linden Dr,204 Russell Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mdsamuel@wisc.edu NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2006 VL 12 IS 12 BP 1982 EP 1984 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 109IR UT WOS:000242301900032 PM 17326959 ER PT J AU Bunnell, JE Tatu, CA Bushon, RN Stoeckel, DM Brady, AMG Beck, M Lerch, HE McGee, B Hanson, BC Shi, RH Orem, WH AF Bunnell, Joseph E. Tatu, Calin A. Bushon, Rebecca N. Stoeckel, Donald M. Brady, Amie M. G. Beck, Marisa Lerch, Harry E. McGee, Benton Hanson, Bradford C. Shi, Runhua Orem, William H. TI Possible linkages between lignite aquifers, pathogenic microbes, and renal pelvic cancer in northwestern Louisiana, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE leptospires; lignite aquifers; medical geology; natural water contamination; renal pelvic cancer ID BALKAN ENDEMIC NEPHROPATHY; URINARY-TRACT TUMORS; OCHRATOXIN; ELEMENTS; DISEASE; KIDNEY; ETIOLOGY; PCR AB In May and September, 2002, 14 private residential drinking water wells, one dewatering well at a lignite mine, eight surface water sites, and lignite from an active coal mine were sampled in five Parishes of northwestern Louisiana, USA. Using a geographic information system (GIS), wells were selected that were likely to draw water that had been in contact with lignite; control wells were located in areas devoid of lignite deposits. Well water samples were analyzed for pH, conductivity, organic compounds, and nutrient and anion concentrations. All samples were further tested for presence of fungi (cultures maintained for up to 28 days and colonies counted and identified microscopically) and for metal and trace element concentration by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry and atomic emission spectrometry. Surface water samples were tested for dissolved oxygen and presence of pathogenic leptospiral bacteria. The Spearman correlation method was used to assess the association between the endpoints for these field/laboratory analyses and incidence of cancer of the renal pelvis (RPC) based on data obtained from the Louisiana Tumor Registry for the five Parishes included in the study. Significant associations were revealed between the cancer rate and the presence in drinking water of organic compounds, the fungi Zygomycetes, the nutrients PO4 and NH3, and 13 chemical elements. Presence of human pathogenic leptospires was detected in four out of eight (50%) of the surface water sites sampled. The present study of a stable rural population examined possible linkages between aquifers containing chemically reactive lignite deposits, hydrologic conditions favorable to the leaching and transport of toxic organic compounds from the lignite into the groundwater, possible microbial contamination, and RPC risk. C1 USGS, Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Med, Shreveport, LA USA. Louisiana Geol Survey, Baton Rouge, LA USA. USGS, US Dept Interior, Eastern Energy Resources Team, Reston, VA USA. Univ Med & Farm Timisoara, Dept Immunol, Timisoara, Romania. USGS, Ohio Dist Microbiol Lab, Water Resources Discipline, Columbus, OH USA. USGS, Louisiana Dist, Water Resources Discipline, Ruston, LA USA. RP Bunnell, JE (reprint author), USGS, Natl Ctr 956, 12201 Sunrise Valley, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jbunnell@usgs.gov OI Stoeckel, Don/0000-0003-3772-171X NR 46 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0269-4042 J9 ENVIRON GEOCHEM HLTH JI Environ. Geochem. Health PD DEC PY 2006 VL 28 IS 6 BP 577 EP 587 DI 10.1007/s10653-006-9056-y PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources GA 114YT UT WOS:000242702300008 PM 17120101 ER PT J AU Daniels, ML Marion, JL AF Daniels, Melissa L. Marion, Jeffrey L. TI Visitor evaluations of management actions at a highly impacted Appalachian trail camping area SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE adaptive management; camping policies; campsite impacts; importance-performance; visitor preferences ID IMPORTANCE-PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS; WILDERNESS CAMPSITES; ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS; STANDARDS AB Protected area management involves balancing environmental and social objectives. This is particularly difficult at high-use/high-impact recreation sites, because resource protection objectives may require substantial site management or visitor regulation. This study examined visitors' reactions to both of these types of actions at Annapolis Rocks, Maryland, a popular Appalachian Trail camping area. We surveyed visitors before and after implementation of camping policies that included shifting camping to designated newly constructed campsites and prohibiting campfires. Survey results reveal that visitors were more satisfied with all social and environmental indicators after the changes were enacted. An Importance-Performance analysis also determined that management actions improved conditions for factors of greatest concern to campers prior to the changes. Posttreatment visitors were least satisfied with factors related to reduced freedom and to some characteristics of the constructed campsites. Although there was evidence of visitor displacement, the camping changes met management goals by protecting the camping area's natural resources and improving social conditions. C1 US Geol Survey, Dept Forestry 0324, Virginia Tech, Field Stn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Daniels, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Dept Forestry 0324, Virginia Tech, Field Stn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM jmarion@vt.edu NR 27 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1006 EP 1019 DI 10.1007/s00267-004-0368-3 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 107BW UT WOS:000242146700011 PM 17001509 ER PT J AU Bambic, DG Alpers, CN Green, PG Fanelli, E Silk, WK AF Bambic, Dustin G. Alpers, Charles N. Green, Peter G. Fanelli, Eileen Silk, Wendy K. TI Seasonal and spatial patterns of metals at a restored copper mine site. I. Stream copper and zinc SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE hydrology; copper; zinc; pH; water quality; restored mine site; seasonal variation; spatial variation ID SIERRA-NEVADA; WATER; CATCHMENTS; CALIFORNIA; CHEMISTRY; MOUNTAIN; SCOTLAND; DRAINAGE; IRON; PH AB Seasonal and spatial variations in metal concentrations and pH were found in a stream at a restored copper mine site located near a massive sulfide deposit in the Foothill copper-zinc belt of the Sierra Nevada, California. At the mouth of the stream, copper concentrations increased and pH decreased with increased streamflow after the onset of winter rain and, unexpectedly, reached extreme values 1 or 2 months after peaks in the seasonal hydrographs. In contrast, aqueous zinc and sulfate concentrations were highest during low-flow periods. Spatial variation was assessed in 400 m of reach encompassing an acidic, metal-laden seep. At this seep, pH remained low (2-3) throughout the year, and copper concentrations were highest. In contrast, the zinc concentrations increased with downstream distance. These spatial patterns were caused by immobilization of copper by hydrous ferric oxides in benthic sediments, coupled with increasing downstream supply of zinc from groundwater seepage. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. E Bay Municipal Util Dist, Oakland, CA 94607 USA. US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Bambic, DG (reprint author), Larry Walker Assiciates, 250 Lafayette Circle,Suite 200, Lafayette, CA 94549 USA. EM dustinb@lwa.com OI Alpers, Charles/0000-0001-6945-7365 NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 144 IS 3 BP 774 EP 782 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2006.02.019 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 094PX UT WOS:000241252600009 PM 16678951 ER PT J AU Kinney, CA Furlong, ET Zaugg, SD Burkhardt, MR Werner, SL Cahill, JD Jorgensen, GR AF Kinney, Chad A. Furlong, Edward T. Zaugg, Steven D. Burkhardt, Mark R. Werner, Stephen L. Cahill, Jeffery D. Jorgensen, Gretchen R. TI Survey of organic wastewater contaminants in biosolids destined for land application SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; SURFACE WATERS; K-D; PHARMACEUTICALS; SOIL; SLUDGE AB In this study, the presence, composition, and concentrations of organic wastewater contaminants (OWCs) were determined in solid materials produced during wastewater treatment. This study was undertaken to evaluate the potential of these solids, collectively referred to as biosolids, as a source of OWCs to soil and water in contact with soil. Nine different biosolid products, produced by municipal wastewater treatment plants in seven different states, were analyzed for 87 different OWCs. Fifty-five of the OWCs were detected in at least one biosolid product. The 87 different OWCs represent a diverse cross section of emerging organic contaminants that enter wastewater treatment plants and may be discharged without being completely metabolized or degraded. A minimum of 30 and a maximum of 45 OWCs were detected in any one biosolid. The biosolids used in this study are produced by several production methods, and the plants they originate from have differing population demographics, yet the percent composition of total OWC content, and of the most common OWCs, typically did not vary greatly between the biosolids tested. The summed OWC content ranged from 64 to 1811 mg/kg dry weight. Six biosolids were collected twice, 3-18 months apart, and the total OWC content of each biosolid varied by less than a factor of 2. These results indicate that the biosolids investigated in this study have OWC compositions and concentrations that are more similar than different and that biosolids are highly enriched in OWCs (as mass-normalized concentrations) when compared to effluents or effluent-impacted water. These results demonstrate the need to better describe the composition and fate of OWCs in biosolids since about 50% of biosolids are land applied and thus become a potentially ubiquitous nonpoint source of OWCs into the environment. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Eastern Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Cheney, WA 99004 USA. RP Furlong, ET (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM efurlong@usgs.gov RI Furlong, Edward/C-3999-2011 OI Furlong, Edward/0000-0002-7305-4603 NR 68 TC 187 Z9 199 U1 9 U2 136 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 23 BP 7207 EP 7215 DI 10.1021/es0603406 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 110GT UT WOS:000242367100021 PM 17180968 ER PT J AU Conn, KE Barber, LB Brown, GK Siegrist, RL AF Conn, Kathleen E. Barber, Larry B. Brown, Gregory K. Siegrist, Robert L. TI Occurrence and fate of organic contaminants during onsite wastewater treatment SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; JERSEY COASTAL-PLAIN; SURFACE-WATER; SEPTIC SYSTEM; CAPE-COD; GROUNDWATER; BEHAVIOR; CHEMICALS; SOIL; DICHLOROBENZENE AB Onsite wastewater treatment systems serve approximately 25% of the U. S. population. However, little is known regarding the occurrence and fate of organic wastewater contaminants (OWCs), including endocrine disrupting compounds, during onsite treatment. A range of OWCs including surfactant metabolites, steroids, stimulants, metalchelating agents, disinfectants, antimicrobial agents, and pharmaceutical compounds was quantified in wastewater from 30 onsite treatment systems in Summit and Jefferson Counties, CO. The onsite systems represent a range of residential and nonresidential sources. Eighty eight percent of the 24 target compounds were detected in one or more samples, and several compounds were detected in every wastewater sampled. The wastewater matrices were complex and showed unique differences between source types due to differences in water and consumer product use. Nonresidential sources generally had more OWCs at higher concentrations than residential sources. Additional aerobic biofilter- based treatment beyond the traditional anaerobic tank-based treatment enhanced removal for many OWCs. Removal mechanisms included volatilization, biotransformation, and sorption with efficiencies from < 1% to > 99% depending on treatment type and physicochemical properties of the compound. Even with high removal rates during confined unit onsite treatment, OWCs are discharged to soil dispersal units at loadings up to 20 mg/m(2)/d, emphasizing the importance of understanding removal mechanisms and efficiencies in onsite treatment systems that discharge to the soil and water environments. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Environm Sci & Engn Div, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Barber, LB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM lbbarber@usgs.gov NR 38 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 6 U2 46 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 23 BP 7358 EP 7366 DI 10.1021/es0605117 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 110GT UT WOS:000242367100042 PM 17180989 ER PT J AU Corsi, SR Geis, SW Loyo-Rosales, JE Rice, CP AF Corsi, Steven R. Geis, Steven W. Loyo-Rosales, Jorge E. Rice, Clifford P. TI Aquatic toxicity of nine aircraft deicer and anti-icer formulations and relative toxicity of additive package ingredients alkylphenol ethoxylates and 4,5-methyl-1H-benzotriazoles SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MITCHELL-INTERNATIONAL-AIRPORT; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; PROPYLENE-GLYCOL; RUNWAY DEICERS; DEICING FLUIDS; STORM WATER; NONYLPHENOL; INHIBITION; COMPONENTS; MILWAUKEE AB Characterization of the effects of aircraft deicer and anti-icer fluid (ADAF) runoff on aquatic organisms in receiving streams is a complex issue because the identities of numerous toxic additives are proprietary and not publicly available. Most potentially toxic and endocrine disrupting effects caused by ADAF are due to the numerous additive package ingredients which vary among manufacturers and types of ADAF formulation. Toxicity investigations of nine ADAF formulations indicate that endpoint concentrations for formulations of different manufacturers are widely variable. Type IV ADAF (anti-icers) are more toxic than Type I (deicers) for the four organisms tested (Vibrio fischeri, Pimephales promelas, Ceriodaphnia dubia, and Selenastrum capricornutum). Acute toxicity endpoint concentrations ranged from 347 to 7700 mg/L as ADAF for Type IV and from 1550 to 45 100 mg/L for Type I formulations. Chronic endpoint concentrations ranged from 70 to 1300 mg/L for Type IV and from 37 to 18 400 mg/L for Type I formulations. Alkylphenol ethoxylates and tolyltriazoles are two known classes of additives. Nonylphenol, nonylphenol ethoxylates, octylphenol, octylphenol ethoxylates, and 4,5methyl-1H-benzotriazoles were quantified in the nine ADAF formulations, and toxicity tests were conducted with nonylphenol ethoxylates and 4,5-methyl-1H-benzotriazoles. Toxicity units computed for glycol and these additives, with respect to toxicity of the ADAF formulations, indicate that a portion of ADAF toxicity can be explained by the known additives and glycols, but much of the toxicity is due to unidentified additives. C1 US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, Madison, WI 53718 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Corsi, SR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM srcorsi@usgs.gov NR 35 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 23 BP 7409 EP 7415 DI 10.1021/es0603608 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 110GT UT WOS:000242367100049 PM 17180996 ER PT J AU Boone, MD Bridges-Britton, CM AF Boone, Michelle D. Bridges-Britton, Christine M. TI Examining multiple sublethal contaminants on the gray treefrog (Hyla versicolor): Effects of an insecticide, herbicide, and fertilizer SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE carbaryl; ammonium nitrate; atrazine; amphibian ID AMPHIBIAN COMMUNITIES; LARVAL DENSITY; LEOPARD FROGS; UV-B; ATRAZINE; TOXICITY; PESTICIDE; EXPOSURE; CARBARYL; SURVIVAL AB We examined the single and interactive effects of an insecticide, an herbicide, and a fertilizer on gray treefrog (Hyla versicolor) tadpoles. Tadpoles were reared in mesocosms from hatching through metamorphosis and were exposed to the presence or absence of as many as three contaminants. Tadpoles did not appear to be more susceptible to single versus multiple contaminants, which may result from positive changes in food resources that compensate for the effects of other contaminants. C1 Miami Univ, Dept Zool, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Boone, MD (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Zool, 212 Pearson Hall, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM boonemd@muohio.edu NR 39 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 25 IS 12 BP 3261 EP 3265 DI 10.1897/06-235R.1 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 105RM UT WOS:000242050000023 PM 17220097 ER PT J AU Sallenger, AH Stockdon, HF Fauver, L Hansen, M Thompson, D Wright, CW Lillycrop, J AF Sallenger, Asbury H. Stockdon, Hilary F. Fauver, Laura Hansen, Mark Thompson, David Wright, C. Wayne Lillycrop, Jeff TI Hurricanes 2004: An overview of their characteristics and coastal change SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article ID AIRBORNE TOPOGRAPHIC LIDAR; BEACH CHANGES AB Four hurricanes battered the state of Florida during 2004, the most affecting any state since Texas endured four in 1884. Each of the storms changed the coast differently. Average shoreline change within the right front quadrant of hurricane force winds varied from I in of shoreline advance to 20 in of retreat, whereas average sand volume change varied from 11 to 66 m(3) m(-1) of net loss (erosion). These changes did not scale simply with hurricane intensity as described by the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. The strongest storm of the season, category 4 Hurricane Charley, had the least shoreline retreat. This was likely because of other factors like the storm's rapid forward speed and small size that generated a lower storm surge than expected. Two of the storms, Hurricanes Frances and Jeanne, affected nearly the same area on the Florida east coast just 3 wk apart. The first storm, Frances, although weaker than the second, caused greater shoreline retreat and sand volume erosion. As a consequence, Hurricane Frances may have stripped away protective beach and exposed dunes to direct wave attack during Jeanne, although there was significant dune erosion during both storms. The maximum shoreline change for all four hurricanes occurred during Ivan on the coasts of eastern Alabama and the Florida Panhandle. The net volume change across a barrier island within the Ivan impact zone approached zero because of massive overwash that approximately balanced erosion of the beach. These data from the 2004 hurricane season will prove useful in developing new ways to scale and predict coastal-change effects during hurricanes. C1 US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. USA, Engineer Dist Mobile, Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Tech Ctr Expertis, Mobile, AL 36602 USA. RP Stockdon, HF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM hstockdon@usgs.gov OI Stockdon, Hilary/0000-0003-0791-4676 NR 25 TC 45 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 22 PU ESTUARINE RESEARCH FEDERATION PI PORT REPUBLIC PA 2018 DAFFODIL, PO BOX 510, PORT REPUBLIC, MD 20676 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUARIES COASTS JI Estuaries Coasts PD DEC PY 2006 VL 29 IS 6A BP 880 EP 888 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 133JS UT WOS:000244009800002 ER PT J AU Cahoon, DR AF Cahoon, Donal R. TI A review of major storm impacts on coastal wetland elevations SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Review ID HIGH-PRECISION MEASUREMENTS; SEDIMENTATION-EROSION TABLE; SEA-LEVEL RISE; SURFACE ELEVATION; TREE MORTALITY; MARSH; SUSTAINABILITY; ACCRETION; DELTA AB Storms have long been recognized as agents of geomorphic change to coastal wetlands. A review of recent data on soil elevation dynamics before and after storms revealed that storms affected wetland elevations by storm surge, high winds, and freshwater flushing of the estuary (inferred). The data also indicate that measures of sediment deposition and erosion can often misrepresent the amount and even direction of elevation change because of storm influences on subsurface processes. Simultaneous influence on both surface and subsurface processes by storms means that soil elevation cannot always be accurately estimated from surface process data alone. Eight processes are identified as potentiatly influencing soil elevation: sediment deposition, sediment erosion, sediment compaction, soil shrinkage, root decomposition (following tree mortality from high winds), root growth (following flushing with freshwater, inferred), soil swelling, and lateral folding of the marsh root mat. Local wetland conditions (e.g., marsh health, tide height, groundwater level) and the physical characteristics of the storm (e.g., angle of approach, proximity, amount of rain, wind speed, and storm surge height) were apparently important factors determining the storm's effect on soil elevation. Storm effects on elevation were both permanent (on an ecological time scale) and short-lived, but even short-term changes have potentially important ecological consequences. Shallow soil subsidence or expansion caused by a storm must be considered when calculating local rates of relative sea level rise and evaluating storm effects on wetland stability. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Cahoon, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC E, Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dcahoon@usgs.gov NR 41 TC 105 Z9 106 U1 7 U2 49 PU ESTUARINE RESEARCH FEDERATION PI PORT REPUBLIC PA 2018 DAFFODIL, PO BOX 510, PORT REPUBLIC, MD 20676 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUARIES COASTS JI Estuaries Coasts PD DEC PY 2006 VL 29 IS 6A BP 889 EP 898 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 133JS UT WOS:000244009800003 ER PT J AU Proffit, CE Milbrandt, EC Travis, SE AF Proffit, C. Edward Milbrandt, Eric C. Travis, Steven E. TI Red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) reproduction and seedling colonization after Hurricane Charley: Comparisons of Charlotte Harbor and Tampa Bay SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article ID SALT-MARSH; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; NORTHERN AUSTRALIA; MUTATION-RATES; GROWTH; FOREST; FLORIDA; REGENERATION; DISTURBANCE; GENOTYPE AB Reproductive aspects of life history are known to be important in recovery following disturbance in many plant species although this has not been well studied in mangroves. Hurricane Charley devastated large areas of mangroves in Charlotte Harbor, Florida, in August 2004. We surveyed 6 forests in Charlotte Harbor (2002, 2003, and 2005) and 16 in Tampa Bay, Florida (2001, 2002, 2003, and 2005) for total numbers of reproducing trees and trees heterozygotic for albinism that produce both normal and albino propagulles. Tree size (estimated height and diameter at breast height) was also recorded for sentinel heterozygotic trees. Total number of reproducing trees km(-1) was used as an index of reproductive output of the population, and deviation from the 3:1 (normal:albino propagules) ratio on heterozygotic trees expected with 100% selfing was used to estimate outcrossing. Numbers of Rhizophora mangle reproducing trees km(-1) of shoreline in Charlotte Harbor were reduced by an order of magnitude following Hurricane Charley, while numbers of reproducing trees in Tampa Bay were similar to those of previous years. Reduced reproduction in Charlotte Harbor was accompanied by fewer new recruits in plots on Sanibel and Captiva Islands. Numbers of new recruits after the storm also tended to be fewer in plots where canopy loss was greater. More new recruits occurred in sites that had higher densities of pre-storm Rhizophora seedlings and greater relative dominance by Rhizophora. Outcrossing of sentinel trees was 2.5 times greater in Charlotte Harbor (mean site(-1) = 33.6 +/- 6.7%; with 17% of forest sites completely selfing) than in Tampa Bay (mean site(-1) = 13.4 +/- 4.7%; with 40% of sites completely selfing), although the implications for seedling recruitment of this difference are not known. C1 Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. Sanibel Captiva Conservat Fdn, Sanibel, FL 33957 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Proffit, CE (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, 5600 US 1 N, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. EM cproffit@fau.edu OI Milbrandt, Eric/0000-0003-1998-7055 NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 13 PU ESTUARINE RESEARCH FEDERATION PI PORT REPUBLIC PA 2018 DAFFODIL, PO BOX 510, PORT REPUBLIC, MD 20676 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUARIES COASTS JI Estuaries Coasts PD DEC PY 2006 VL 29 IS 6A BP 972 EP 978 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 133JS UT WOS:000244009800013 ER PT J AU Langtimm, CA Krohn, MD Reid, JP Stith, BM Beck, CA AF Langtimm, C. A. Krohn, M. D. Reid, J. P. Stith, B. M. Beck, C. A. TI Possible effects of the 2004 and 2005 hurricanes on manatee survival rates and movement SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article ID ADULT FLORIDA MANATEES; PROBABILITIES; LATIROSTRIS AB Prior research on manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) survival in northwest Florida, based on mark-resighting photo-identification data from 1982-1998, showed that annual adult apparent survival rate was significantly lower during years with extreme storms. Mechanisms that we proposed could have led to lower estimates included stranding, injury from debris, being fatally swept out to sea, or displacement into poorly monitored areas due to storm-generated longshore currents or storm-related loss of habitat. In 2004 and 2005, seven major hurricanes impacted areas of Florida encompassing three regional manatee subpopulations, enabling us to further examine some of these mechanisms. Data from a group of manatees tracked in southwest Florida with satellite transmitters during Hurricanes Charley, Katrina, and Wilma showed that these animals made no significant movement before and dining storm passage. Mark-resighting data are being collected to determine if survival rates were lower with the 2004 and 2005 storms. C1 US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. ASci, IAP World Serv, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. RP Langtimm, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, 2201 NW 40th Terrace, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. EM clangtimm@usgs.gov OI Reid, James/0000-0002-8497-1132 NR 19 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 14 PU ESTUARINE RESEARCH FEDERATION PI PORT REPUBLIC PA 2018 DAFFODIL, PO BOX 510, PORT REPUBLIC, MD 20676 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUARIES COASTS JI Estuaries Coasts PD DEC PY 2006 VL 29 IS 6A BP 1026 EP 1032 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 133JS UT WOS:000244009800020 ER PT J AU Swarzenski, PW Baskaran, M Rosenbauer, RJ Orem, WH AF Swarzenski, Peter W. Baskaran, Mark Rosenbauer, Robert J. Orem, William H. TI Historical trace element distribution in sediments from the Mississippi River delta SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; COASTAL MARINE ENVIRONMENTS; METAL CONCENTRATIONS; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; ACCUMULATION RATES; DISSOLVED VANADIUM; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; LOUISIANA SHELF; ORGANIC-MATTER; UNITED-STATES AB Five sediment cores were collected on the shelf of the inner Mississippi Bight in June 2003 for a suite of radionuclides to establish geochronologies and trace elements to examine patterns of contaminant deposition and accumulation. Core sites were chosen to reflect a matrix of variable water depths, proximity to the Mississippi River mouth as the primary source for terrigenous particles, and extent and duration of summertime water column hypoxia. The vertical distribution of Pu-239.240 and Pb-210(xs) (= Pb-210(total) - Ra-226) provided reliable geochronological age constraints to develop models for mass accumulation rates and historic trace element inputs and variations. Mass accumulation rates ranged from 0.27 to 0.87 g cm(-2) yr(-1) and were internally consistent using either Pb-210(xs) or Pu-239,Pu-240. Measured inventories of (CS)-C-137, Pu-239,Pu-240, and Ph-210(xs) were compared to atmospheric deposition rates to quantify potential sediment focusing or winnowing. Observed variability in calculated mass accumulation rates may be attributed foremost to site-specific proximity to the river mouth (i.e., sediment source), variability in water depth, and enhanced sediment focusing at the Mississippi River canyon site. Trace element concentrations were first normalized to A], and then Al-normallized enrichment factors (ANEF) were calculated based on preanthropogenic and crustal trace element abundances. These ANEFs were typically > 1 for V and Ba, while for most other elements studied, either no enrichment or depletion was observed. The enrichment of Ba may be related, in part, to the seasonal occurrence of oxygen-depleted subsurface waters off the Mississippi River delta, as well as being an ubiquitous by-product of the petroleum industry. C1 US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Geol, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP Swarzenski, PW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM pswarzen@usgs.gov OI Baskaran, Mark/0000-0002-2218-4328 NR 73 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU ESTUARINE RESEARCH FEDERATION PI PORT REPUBLIC PA 2018 DAFFODIL, PO BOX 510, PORT REPUBLIC, MD 20676 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD DEC PY 2006 VL 29 IS 6B BP 1094 EP 1107 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 200JO UT WOS:000248759900003 ER PT J AU Packett, CR Chambers, RM AF Packett, C. Rebekah Chambers, Randolph M. TI Distribution and nutrient status of Haplotypes of the marsh grass Phragmites australis along the Rappahannock River in Virginia SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article ID COMMON REED; SALT MARSHES; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; CRYPTIC INVASION; TIDAL MARSHES; SALINITY; EXPANSION; DYNAMICS; SULFIDE; POACEAE AB We compared the distribution and nutrient status of native haplotype F of Phragmites australis along the freshwater to mesohaline tidal marsh gradient of the Rappahannock River, Virginia, for comparison with the normative, invasive haplotype M. Using GIS analysis of aerial photography and GPS-based ground truthing, we identified 55 separate clones of native haplotype F comprising a total of 3.68 ha (range 0.002-0.734 ha), all found in tidal wetlands where surface water salinity was 0 psu. We identified 219 separate clones of the invasive haplotype M covering 68.3 ha along the same stretch of river (range 0.004-11.86 ha), found in wetlands where salinity ranged from 0 to I I psu. From 15 separate clones for each haplotype, average carbon content in leaves of the native was significantly higher than the invasive (43.90 +/- 0.08% versus 42.82 +/- 0.15%, F-1,F-28 = 20.938, p < 0.01), and nitrogen content was significantly lower (2.22 +/- 0.03% versus 2.58 +/- 0.07%, 171,21 11.972, p < 0.01). The average C:N:P ratio for leaf tissue was 1100:48:1 for haplotype F and 1084:56:1 for haplotype M. Relative to the native, the invasive haplotype forms larger stands distributed throughout a broader estuarine reach and incorporates more nitrogen in leaf tissue. From a management standpoint, native Phragmites protection should focus on deterring normative haplotype invasion through the minimization of both adjacent upland disturbance and nutrient enrichment in tidal freshwater marshes. C1 Coll William & Mary, Dept Biol, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. Coll William & Mary, Keck Environm Lab, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. RP Packett, CR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Black Water Natl Wildlife Refuge, 2145 Key Wallace Dr, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. EM Rebekah_Packett@fws.gov NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 14 PU ESTUARINE RESEARCH FEDERATION PI PORT REPUBLIC PA 2018 DAFFODIL, PO BOX 510, PORT REPUBLIC, MD 20676 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD DEC PY 2006 VL 29 IS 6B BP 1222 EP 1225 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 200JO UT WOS:000248759900013 ER PT J AU Stetter, SLP Rudstam, LG Thomson, JLS Parrish, DL AF Stetter, S. L. Parker Rudstam, L. G. Thomson, J. L. Stritzel Parrish, D. L. TI Hydroacoustic separation of rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) age groups in Lake Champlain SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE rainbow smelt; hydroacoustics; age-group separation; target strength ID SITU TARGET-STRENGTH; COD GADUS-MORHUA; ATLANTIC SALMON; FISH; TRANSDUCER; BEHAVIOR; NOISE; ERIE AB Separate assessment of young-of-year (YOY) and yearling-and-older (YAO) fish is desirable from both ecological and management perspectives. Acoustic assessments provide information on fish population size structure in the target strength (TS) distribution, but interpretation of TS distributions must be done carefully, as single age groups can produce multiple TS modes. We assessed the ability of in situ TS distributions to identify Lake Champlain rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) age groups in June, July, and September of 2001 using mobile and stationary surveys, knowledge of vertical distribution preferences, and predicted TS from trawl catches. YAO rainbow smelt (93-179 mm total length) had wide TS distributions between -60 and -35 dB in all 3 months with two modes at approximately -50 and -40 dB. Most stationary survey single-fish tracks attributed to YAO had targets in both TS modes and a wide TS range often over 15 dB. Between June and September, YOY rainbow smelt TS increased, but single-fish tracks were unimodal, and the TS range was smaller (6 dB). Overlap in TS attributed to YOY and YAO increased from no overlap in June (YOY TS -76 to -61 dB, 15-25 mm) to moderate overlap in July (-76 to -50 dB, 25-63 mm) to considerable overlap in September (-68 to -45 dB, 33-80 mm). In June and July, the TS distribution changed abruptly at the thermocline, indicating almost complete separation of the two groups. A more gradual TS transition was evident in September, indicating substantial overlap between YOY and YAO. Separate estimates can be obtained in September by decomposing TS overlap into components attributed to YOY and YAO rainbow smelt. However, this decomposition introduces additional uncertainty and an assessment in July or possibly August is preferable to obtain separate abundance estimates of YOY and YAO. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Biol Field Stn, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA. Univ Vermont, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Univ Vermont, US Geol Survey, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Stetter, SLP (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, POB 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM slps@u.washington.edu; lgr1@cornell.edu; Jennifer.S.Thomson@state.ma.us; Donna.Parrish@uvm.edu NR 34 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 82 IS 1-3 BP 176 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2006.06.014 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 111ZI UT WOS:000242494300020 ER PT J AU Wei, Z Moldowan, JM Jarvie, DM Hill, R AF Wei, Zhibin Moldowan, J. Michael Jarvie, Daniel M. Hill, Ronald TI The fate of diamondoids in coals and sedimentary rocks SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diamondoids; thermal maturity; coals; source rocks; oil cracking; vitrinite reflectance; diamondoid destruction ID ADAMANTANE; HYDROCARBONS AB Diamondoids were detected in the extracts of a series of coals and rocks varying in maturity, lithology, source input, and depositional environment. At the same maturity level, diamondoids are generally about a magnitude more abundant in source rocks than in coals. The concentrations of diamondoids are maturity dependent. However, while diamondoids become more abundant with the increasing thermal maturity, a diminution in diamondoid concentrations is observed at the maturity value of about R-o = 4.0% in both coals and rocks. The occurrence of diamantane destruction at 550 degrees C during pyrolysis suggests that diamondoids may be eventually destroyed at high temperatures in the Earth. Here we propose three main phases of diamondoid life in nature: diamondoid generation (phase I, R-o < 1.1%), diamondoid generation and enrichment (phase II, 1.1% <= R-o <= 4.0%), and diamondoid destruction (phase III, R-o > 4.0%). C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Humble Instruments & Serv Inc, Humbel Geochem Serv, Humble, TX 77347 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Wei, Z (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 16 TC 26 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 15 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD DEC PY 2006 VL 34 IS 12 BP 1013 EP 1016 DI 10.1130/G22840A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 113WZ UT WOS:000242630000006 ER PT J AU Hapke, CJ Green, KR AF Hapke, Cheryl J. Green, Krystal R. TI Coastal landslide material loss rates associated with severe climatic events SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coastal geomorphology; landslides; terrain modeling; El Nino ID ANALYTICAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY AB Deep-seated landslides along the California coast deliver large amounts of material to the nearshore littoral environment. Landslide movement, a combined result of slope base undercutting by waves and ground saturation, is highly episodic. Movement occurs primarily during periods of high rainfall and large waves, such as those associated with El Nino events. This analysis applies remote-sensing techniques to quantify the volumetric net loss rates at three specific landslide sites along the Big Sur coast over three approximately decadal time periods, two of which contained the largest El Nino events of the twentieth century. High-resolution historical terrain models were compared in order to provide surface-elevation change data for each landslide complex. To determine the material influx to the littoral system, the landslide complexes were divided into upper and lower slopes, and the surface-elevation change was converted to a volume loss. Some material lost from the upper slope was deposited at the slope base, not into the littoral system. We describe a method to calculate the net loss that omits the deposition volumes from the upper slope. Loss rates were found to be substantially higher during the periods in which El Nino events occurred. This is especially true during the period of the 1997-1998 El Nino, when 75% of the total material volume was lost, and loss rates were as much as sixteen times higher than during non-El Nino periods. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, US Geol Survey, Coastal Field Stn, Dept Geosci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Hapke, CJ (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, US Geol Survey, Coastal Field Stn, Dept Geosci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 11 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD DEC PY 2006 VL 34 IS 12 BP 1077 EP 1080 DI 10.1130/G22900A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 113WZ UT WOS:000242630000022 ER PT J AU Grotzinger, J Bell, J Herkenhoff, K Johnson, J Knoll, A McCartney, E McLennan, S Metz, J Moore, J Squyres, S Sullivan, R Ahronson, O ArvIdson, R Joliff, B Golombek, M Lewis, K Parker, T Soclerblom, J AF Grotzinger, J. Bell, J., III Herkenhoff, K. Johnson, J. Knoll, A. McCartney, E. McLennan, S. Metz, J. Moore, J. Squyres, S. Sullivan, R. Ahronson, O. ArvIdson, R. Joliff, B. Golombek, M. Lewis, K. Parker, T. Soclerblom, J. TI Sedimentary textures formed by aqueous processes, Erebus crater, Meridiani Planum, Mars SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mars; water; cross-lamination; shrinkage cracks; sedimentary structures ID BURNS FORMATION; ENVIRONMENT; DIAGENESIS; OUTCROPS; ORIGIN; FLOWS; SAND AB New observations at Erebus crater (Olympia outcrop) by the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity between sols 671 and 735 (a sol is a martian day) indicate that a diverse suite of primary and penecontemporaneous sedimentary structures is preserved in sulfate-rich bedrock. Centimeter-scale trough (festoon) cross-lamination is abundant, and is better expressed and thicker than previously described examples. Postdepositional shrinkage cracks in the same outcrop are interpreted to have formed in response to desiccation. Considered collectively, this suite of sedimentary structures provides strong support for the involvement of liquid water during accumulation of sedimentary rocks at Meridiani Planum. C1 CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Harvard Univ, Bot Museum, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Grotzinger, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Lewis, Kevin/E-5557-2012; OI Soderblom, Jason/0000-0003-3715-6407 NR 18 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 6 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD DEC PY 2006 VL 34 IS 12 BP 1085 EP 1088 DI 10.1130/G22985A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 113WZ UT WOS:000242630000024 ER PT J AU Hofstra, AH Wallace, AR AF Hofstra, Albert H. Wallace, Alan R. TI Introduction: Great Basin tectonics and metallogeny SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Reno, NV USA. RP Hofstra, AH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD DEC PY 2006 VL 2 IS 7 BP 352 EP 352 DI 10.1130/GES0207INT.1 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 167VP UT WOS:000246480900003 ER PT J AU Harden, JW Manies, KL Turetsky, MR Neff, JC AF Harden, Jennifer W. Manies, Kristen L. Turetsky, Merritt R. Neff, Jason C. TI Effects of wildfire and permafrost on soil organic matter and soil climate in interior Alaska SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE black spruce; boreal; carbon; combustion; fire emission; fire; fractal analysis; ground fuel; moss cover; organic mat; organic soil; peat; permafrost; soil; surface temperature ID BLACK SPRUCE FOREST; BOREAL FORESTS; FIRE; ECOSYSTEMS; SEVERITY; PATTERNS; MOISTURE AB The influence of discontinuous permafrost on ground-fuel storage, combustion losses, and postfire soil climates was examined after a wildfire near Delta Junction, AK in July 1999. At this site, we sampled soils from a four-way site comparison of burning (burned and unburned) and permafrost (permafrost and nonpermafrost). Soil organic layers (which comprise ground-fuel storage) were thicker in permafrost than nonpermafrost soils both in burned and unburned sites. While we expected fire severity to be greater in the drier site (without permafrost), combustion losses were not significantly different between the two burned sites. Overall, permafrost and burning had significant effects on physical soil variables. Most notably, unburned permafrost sites with the thickest organic mats consistently had the coldest temperatures and wettest mineral soil, while soils in the burned nonpermafrost sites were warmer and drier than the other soils. For every centimeter of organic mat thickness, temperature at 5 cm depth was about 0.5 degrees C cooler during summer months. We propose that organic soil layers determine to a large extent the physical and thermal setting for variations in vegetation, decomposition, and carbon balance across these landscapes. In particular, the deep organic layers maintain the legacies of thermal and nutrient cycling governed by fire and revegetation. We further propose that the thermal influence of deep organic soil layers may be an underlying mechanism responsible for large regional patterns of burning and regrowth, detected in fractal analyses of burn frequency and area. Thus, fractal geometry can potentially be used to analyze changes in state of these fire prone systems. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Harden, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 962, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jharden@usgs.gov RI Neff, Jason/A-1211-2012; Turetsky, Merritt/B-1255-2013; OI NEFF, JASON/0000-0002-8290-1472 NR 43 TC 78 Z9 82 U1 4 U2 50 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 12 IS 12 BP 2391 EP 2403 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01255.x PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 114IH UT WOS:000242659400012 ER PT J AU Williams, SD Wolfe, WJ Farmer, JJ AF Williams, SD Wolfe, WJ Farmer, JJ TI Sampling strategies for volatile organic compounds at three karst springs in Tennessee SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID WATER-QUALITY AB The influence of different sampling strategies on characterizing volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations and estimating VOC loads was evaluated at three karst springs in Tennessee. During a 6-month period, water samples for VOC analyses were collected weekly at all three springs and as frequently as every 20 min during storms at the two springs with variable water quality conditions. Total 6-month loads for selected VOCs were calculated, and VOC data were systematically subsampled to simulate and evaluate several potential sampling strategies. Results from the study indicate that sampling strategies for karst springs need to be developed on a site-specific basis. The use of fixed sampling intervals (as infrequently as quarterly or semiannually) produced accurate concentration and load estimates at one of the springs; however, additional sampling was needed to detect storm-related changes at a second spring located in a similar hydrogeologic setting. Continuous discharge data and high-frequency or flow-controlled sampling were needed at the third spring, which had the most variable flow and water quality conditions. The lack of continuous discharge data at the third spring would substantially affect load calculations, and the use of fixed sampling intervals would affect load calculations and the ability to detect pulses of high contaminant concentrations that might exceed toxicity levels for aquatic organisms. C1 US Geol Survey, Nashville, TN 37211 USA. RP Williams, SD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 640 Grassmere Pk,Suite 100, Nashville, TN 37211 USA. EM swilliam@usgs.gov OI Williams, Shannon/0000-0002-3141-1676 NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD WIN PY 2006 VL 26 IS 1 BP 53 EP 62 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2006.00044.x PG 10 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 010QT UT WOS:000235209900003 ER PT J AU Bradley, PM Landmeyer, JE AF Bradley, PM Landmeyer, JE TI Low-temperature MTBE biodegradation in aquifer sediments with a history of low, seasonal ground water temperatures SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID MINERALIZATION; MICROORGANISMS; DEGRADATION AB Sediments from two shallow, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE)-contaminated aquifers, with mean ground water temperatures similar to 10 degrees C, demonstrated significant mineralization of [U-C-14] MTBE to (CO2)-C-14 at incubation temperatures as low as 4 degrees C. These results indicate that microbial degradation can continue to contribute to the attenuation of MTBE in ground water under wintertime, low-temperature conditions. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. RP Bradley, PM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 720 Gracern Rd,Suite 129, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM pbradley@usgs.gov; jlandmey@usgs.gov NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD WIN PY 2006 VL 26 IS 1 BP 101 EP 105 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2006.00075.x PG 5 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 010QT UT WOS:000235209900008 ER PT J AU Andrews, JT Eberl, DD Kristjansdottir, GB AF Andrews, John T. Eberl, D. D. Kristjansdottir, Greta B. TI An exploratory method to detect tephras from quantitative XRD scans: examples from Iceland and east Greenland marine sediments SO HOLOCENE LA English DT Article DE tephra detection; X-ray diffraction; XRD; marine sediments; Iceland; Greenland; Holocene ID NORTH-ATLANTIC; LATE-QUATERNARY; HIGH-RESOLUTION; FAROE-ISLANDS; VARIABILITY; HORIZONS; TEPHROCHRONOLOGY; TERRESTRIAL; SCOTLAND; MARKERS AB Tephras, mainly from Iceland, are becoming increasingly important in interpreting leads and lags in the Holocene climate system across NW Europe. Here we demonstrate that Quantitative Phase Analysis of x-ray diffractograms of the < 2 mm of marine sediment fraction (ie, sand, silt and clay) from Iceland and East Greenland can detect peaks in volcanic glass concentrations (weight%) even though discrete tephra layers are not visible; thus it provides a rapid overview of the probable location of volcanic glass within sediment sequences. Experiments in spiking samples from Baffin Bay and an artificial mixture of minerals with known weight% fractions of an Icelandic tephra (Hekla 4) demonstrate a significant correlation (r(2) = 0.92 and 0.97) between known and estimated weight percentages, although the slope of the measured to observed weight% is around 0.65 and not 1.0 as expected. In core B997-321 PC off North Iceland we identify tephras from point counting in the > 150 pm fraction and identify these same peaks in XRD scans - two of these correlate geochemically and chronologically with Hekla 1104 and 3. At a distal site to the WNW of Iceland, on the East Greenland margin (core MD99-2317), the weight% of volcanic glass reaches values of 11% at about the time of the Saksunarvatn tephra. The XRD method identifies the presence of volcanic glass but not its elemental composition; hence it will assist in focusing attention on specific sections of sediment cores for subsequent geochemical fingerprinting of tephras. C1 Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Godwin Lab Palaeoclimate Res, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England. RP Andrews, JT (reprint author), Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Box 450, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM andrewsj@colorado.edu NR 38 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 9 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0959-6836 EI 1477-0911 J9 HOLOCENE JI Holocene PD DEC PY 2006 VL 16 IS 8 BP 1035 EP 1042 DI 10.1177/0959683606069384 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 127WP UT WOS:000243617300002 ER PT J AU Stofan, ER Lunine, JI Lopes, R Paganelli, F Lorenz, RD Wood, CA Kirk, R Wall, S Elachi, C Soderblom, LA Ostro, S Janssen, M Radebaugh, J Wye, L Zebker, H Anderson, Y Allison, M Boehmer, R Callahan, P Encrenaz, P Flamini, E Francescetti, G Girn, Y Hamilton, G Hensley, S Johnson, WTK Kelleher, K Muhleman, D Picardi, G Posa, F Roth, L Seu, R Shaffer, S Stiles, B Vetrella, S West, R AF Stofan, E. R. Lunine, J. I. Lopes, R. Paganelli, F. Lorenz, R. D. Wood, C. A. Kirk, R. Wall, S. Elachi, C. Soderblom, L. A. Ostro, S. Janssen, M. Radebaugh, J. Wye, L. Zebker, H. Anderson, Y. Allison, M. Boehmer, R. Callahan, P. Encrenaz, P. Flamini, E. Francescetti, G. Girn, Y. Hamilton, G. Hensley, S. Johnson, W. T. K. Kelleher, K. Muhleman, D. Picardi, G. Posa, F. Roth, L. Seu, R. Shaffer, S. Stiles, B. Vetrella, S. West, R. TI Mapping of Titan: Results from the first Titan radar passes SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE titan; geological processes; Saturn, satellites; satellites, surfaces ID CASSINI; SURFACE; METHANE; ORIGIN; MAPPER AB The first two swaths collected by Cassini's Titan Radar Mapper were obtained in October of 2004 (Ta) and February of 2005 (T3). The Ta swath provides evidence for cryovolcanic processes, the possible occurrence of fluvial channels and lakes, and some tectonic activity. The T3 swath has extensive areas of dunes and two large impact craters. We interpret the brightness variations in much of the swaths to result from roughness variations caused by fracturing and erosion of Titan's icy surface, with additional contributions from a combination of volume scattering and compositional variations. Despite the small amount of Titan mapped to date, the significant differences between the terrains of the two swaths suggest that Titan is geologically complex. The overall scarcity of impact craters provides evidence that the surface imaged to date is relatively young, with resurfacing by cryovolcanism, fluvial erosion, aeolian erosion, and likely atmospheric deposition of materials. Future radar swaths will help to further define the nature of and extent to which internal and external processes have shaped Titan's surface. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Proxemy Res, Rectortown, VA 20140 USA. Ist Fis Spazio Interplanetario, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. Observ Paris, DEMIRM, F-75014 Paris, France. Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, I-00198 Rome, Italy. Univ Naples, Dept Elect Engn, I-80125 Naples, Italy. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Info Com Dept, I-00184 Rome, Italy. Politecn Bari, INFM, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Interateneo Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Politecn Bari, INFM, I-70126 Bari, Italy. RP Stofan, ER (reprint author), Proxemy Res, POB 338, Rectortown, VA 20140 USA. EM ellen@proxemy.com RI Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016; Lopes, Rosaly/D-1608-2016 OI Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644; Lopes, Rosaly/0000-0002-7928-3167 NR 42 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD DEC PY 2006 VL 185 IS 2 BP 443 EP 456 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2006.07.015 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 125MP UT WOS:000243446300010 ER PT J AU Lerner, DT Davis, LK McCormick, SD Hirano, T Grau, EG AF Lerner, D. T. Davis, L. K. McCormick, S. D. Hirano, T. Grau, E. G. TI Effects of environmental estrogens an osmoregulatory homeostasis and endocrine responses of euryhaline teleosts SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA USA. EM dlerner@forwild.umass.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 46 SU 1 BP E83 EP E83 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V43YJ UT WOS:000202970100331 ER PT J AU Vajda, AM Lopez, EM Gray, JL Barber, LB Woodling, JD Norris, DO AF Vajda, A. M. Lopez, E. M. Gray, J. L. Barber, L. B. Woodling, J. D. Norris, D. O. TI Reproductive disruption of fishes by an endocrine-active wastewater effluent SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Colorado, US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM alan.vajda@colorado.edu RI Gray, James/I-8136-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 46 SU 1 BP E145 EP E145 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V43YJ UT WOS:000202970100580 ER PT J AU Von Biela, VR Burns, JM Gill, VA AF Von Biela, V. R. Burns, J. M. Gill, V. A. TI Differences in age at first reproduction of northern sea otters (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) in Alaska SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Alaska, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK USA. EM vanessavb@gmail.com RI Burns, Jennifer/C-4159-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 46 SU 1 BP E149 EP E149 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V43YJ UT WOS:000202970100595 ER PT J AU Bruch, RM Miller, G Hansen, MJ AF Bruch, Ronald M. Miller, Glenn Hansen, Michael J. TI Fecundity of Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens, Rafinesque) in Lake Winnebago, Wisconsin, USA SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Sturgeons CY MAY 09-SEP 13, 2005 CL Ramsar, IRAN SP Iranian Fisheries Res Org, Int Sturgeon Res Inst, World Sturgeon Conservat Soc, IUCN/SSC Sturgeon Specialist Grp, CITES, Minist Jihad Agr Iran, Iranian Fisheries Org, Shilat Trading Co, Imperial Caviar AB Sturgeon species are known for their relatively high fecundity, with some reported to carry as many as 7.7- million eggs. However, the fecundity of lake sturgeon ( Acipenser fulvescesn Rafinesque) has not been thoroughly studied, with limited information available primarily in gray literature and agency reports. Our objectives were to quantify ( 1) the fecundity and gonadosomatic index ( GSI) of female lake sturgeon in a winter F4 stage of development; 2) the average size and weight of F4 lake sturgeon eggs; and 3) relationships between lake sturgeon fecundity and fish weight, length, and age. Total length, weight, age, gonad weight, fecundity, egg diameter, and egg weight were sampled from 14 female lake sturgeon in an F4 stage of egg development in February 2005 from the Lake Winnebago System in Wisconsin. Mean fecundity was 383,529 eggs and the mean GSI was 22.9. Egg diameter averaged 2.74 mm and egg weight averaged 17.34 mg. Weight was the best predictor of fecundity ( r(2) = 0.66). Fecundity data for lake sturgeon larger than 35 kg are needed to allow better estimation of fecundity for larger fish. C1 Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Oshkosh, WI 54901 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. RP Bruch, RM (reprint author), Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, 625 E Cty Rd Y,Suite 700, Oshkosh, WI 54901 USA. EM ronald.bruch@dnr.state.wi.us OI Hansen, Michael/0000-0001-8522-3876 NR 9 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 22 SU 1 BP 116 EP 118 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2007.00938.x PG 3 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 189CI UT WOS:000247966100019 ER PT J AU Johnson, JH LaPan, SR Klindt, RM Schiavone, A AF Johnson, J. H. LaPan, S. R. Klindt, R. M. Schiavone, A. TI Lake sturgeon spawning on artificial habitat in the St Lawrence River SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACIPENSER-FULVESCENS; MICHIGAN; DRIFT AB In 1996, lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) spawning was documented for the third consecutive year on an artificially placed gravel bed in the St Lawrence River. Two distinct spawning periods were observed in 1996. Spawning initially commenced on 17 June, when water temperature reached 15 degrees C. A second spawning event was documented from 28 June to 1 July (16 degrees C). Sturgeon egg densities were monitored in three transects on egg trays, on the gravel surface, and within interstitial spaces in the gravel. Counts of developing eggs in the gravel bed during both spawning periods were used to estimate a total of 275 000 eggs on the study area (0.075 ha). Average egg density was highest in the transect with the highest water velocities. Lake sturgeon fry were first observed in the gravel on 24 June (15.5 degrees C), and first emergence from the gravel was documented on 28 June. Hatching following the second spawning event commenced on 3 July. Based on assessment of average embryo viability (61.6%) and egg-to-emergent fry survival (17.6%) an estimate of about 171 000 sturgeon eggs hatched, producing over 49 000 emergent fry. Current velocity, substrate particle size, depth of substrate, and maintenance of sediment-free interstitial spaces are important considerations in planning future spawning habitat enhancement projects. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunis Lab Aquat Sci, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Cape Vincent Fisheries Stn, Cape Vincent, NY USA. New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Watertown, NY USA. RP Johnson, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunis Lab Aquat Sci, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. EM jhjohnson@usgs.gov NR 16 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 17 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 22 IS 6 BP 465 EP 470 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2006.00812.x PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 104IK UT WOS:000241951900001 ER PT J AU Garver, KA Batts, WN Kurath, G AF Garver, Kyle A. Batts, William N. Kurath, Gael TI Virulence comparisons of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus U and M genogroups in sockeye salmon and rainbow trout SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID NEUTRALIZING MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; RABIES VIRUS; COMPARATIVE PATHOGENESIS; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; WATER TEMPERATURE; GENETIC DIVERSITY; FISH RHABDOVIRUS; GLYCOPROTEIN; PATHOGENICITY; DISEASES AB Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is an aquatic rhabdovirus that infects salmonids in the Pacific Northwest of the United States, Europe, and Asia. Isolates of IHNV have been phylogenetically classified into three major viral genogroups, designated U, M, and L. To characterize virulence of IHNV in the context of these three viral genogroups, seven strains of IHNV (three U genogroup strains, three M strains, and one L strain) were compared for their pathogenicity in juvenile sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka, kokanee (lacustrine sockeye salmon), and rainbow trout O. mykiss. Fish were waterborne-exposed to the different viral strains, and virulence was assessed by comparing mortality curves and final cumulative percent mortality (CPM) in both species of fish at 10 degrees C and 15 degrees C. In sockeye salmon and kokanee, the U genogroup virus types were extremely virulent, causing average CPMs of 69-100%, while the M genogroup virus types caused very little or no mortality (CPM = 0-4%). The endangered Redfish Lake sockeye salmon stock exhibited extreme differences in susceptibility to the U and M genogroups. Conversely, in two stocks of rainbow trout, the M genogroup virus types were more virulent, inducing average CPMs of 25-85%, while the U genogroup viruses caused lower mortality (CPM = 5-41%). In both fish species, the single L genogroup strain caused low to intermediate mortality (CPM = 13-53%). Viral glycoprotein sequence comparisons of the seven challenge strains revealed three amino acid sites (247, 256, and 270) that consistently differed between the U and M genogroups, possibly contributing to pathogenicity differences. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Discipline, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Pathobiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Kurath, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Discipline, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NW 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM gael_kurath@usgs.gov NR 54 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD DEC PY 2006 VL 18 IS 4 BP 232 EP 243 DI 10.1577/H05-038. PG 12 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 131HP UT WOS:000243860000003 PM 26599159 ER PT J AU Pinkney, AE Harshbarger, JC AF Pinkney, Alfred E. Harshbarger, John C. TI Tumor prevalence in mummichogs from the Delaware Estuary watershed SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID BULLHEAD AMEIURUS-NEBULOSUS; BROWN BULLHEAD; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; HEPATIC NEOPLASMS; TUCKAHOE RIVER; EXPOSURE; BIOMARKERS; MARYLAND; USA AB Mummichogs Fundulus heteroclitus were collected in 2002-2004 from six locations within the Delaware Estuary watershed and examined histopathologically. The objective was to compare the prevalence of skin and liver tumors in fish from locations with a range of sediment polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) based on available data. Fish were collected from (1) three locations within the industrialized Christina River subwatershed (Hershey Run, Newport Marsh [upriver and downriver]); (2) one location in the Motiva Enterprises refinery discharge canal to the Delaware River; (3) one location in the St. Jones River; and (4) one location in Blackbird Creek. Adult mummichogs (>= 70 mm; n = 21-30 fish per location) were seined and held for necropsy. No neoplastic skin lesions were diagnosed in any fish. No liver tumors were diagnosed in the St. Jones, Motiva, Newport Marsh upriver, or Newport Marsh downriver collections. One of 30 Blackbird Creek mummichogs had foci of hepatocellular alteration (a putative preneoplastic lesion) and one had hepatocellular carcinoma. There was a significant difference in hepatocellular carcinoma prevalence in Hershey Run mummichogs in 2002 (9 of 21 fish, or 43%) and in 2003 (3 of 29 fish, or 10%) compared with all other locations pooled (1 of 145 fish, or 0.7%). Hershey Run is contaminated with creosote from an adjacent Superfund site, where sediments were frequently reported to have total PAH concentrations greater than 100 mg of total PAH/kg and a maximum of 13,300 mg/kg. No other locations had reports of total PAHs higher than 11 mg/kg. In conclusion, liver neoplasia was associated with exposure to sediment containing high concentrations of PAHs derived from creosote. Studies that include tumor prevalence, biomarkers (e.g., DNA adducts and PAH metabolites in bile), and sediment and/or tissue chemistry are recommended to develop a weight of evidence for specific chemical classes. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20037 USA. RP Pinkney, AE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, 177 Admiral Cochrane Dr, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. EM Fred_Pinkney@fws.gov NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD DEC PY 2006 VL 18 IS 4 BP 244 EP 251 DI 10.1577/H05-053.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 131HP UT WOS:000243860000004 PM 26599160 ER PT J AU House, ML Hedrick, RP Winton, JR Fryer, JL AF House, M. L. Hedrick, R. P. Winton, J. R. Fryer, J. L. TI An isolate of Piscirickettsia salmonis from white seabass is fully virulent for coho salmon SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID RICKETTSIALES-LIKE ORGANISM; FARMED ATLANTIC SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; ATRACTOSCION-NOBILIS; DISEASE; SALAR; INFECTION; MORTALITY; AGENT; FISH AB The virulence of the WSB-98 isolate of Piscirickettsia salmonis from white seabass Atractoscion nobilis was compared with that of the American Type Culture Collection type strain LF-89, which was originally isolated from coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch in Chile. In controlled laboratory challenges of juvenile coho salmon, the isolate from white seabass exhibited virulence that was equal to or greater than that of LF-89. The cumulative percent mortality (CPM) was similar between groups of coho salmon receiving an intraperitoneal injection of WSB-98 at 10(4.5) tissue culture infectious dose with 50% endpoint (TCID50)/fish (CPM = 98%) or an injection of LF-89 at 10(4.8) TCID50/fish (CPM = 95%). The mean day to death of 9.3 d for WSB-98 and 18.6 d for LF-89, however, differed significantly (P < 0.0001) between the two isolates. The virulence of an isolate of P. salmonis from white seabass for a salmonid species is consistent with the hypothesis that nonsalmonids can serve as natural marine hosts for the bacterium and potential sources for infection of salmonids. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Biol Resources Discipline, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP House, ML (reprint author), NW Indian Fisheries Commiss, 6730 Martin Way E, Olympia, WA 98516 USA. EM mhouse@nwifc.org NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD DEC PY 2006 VL 18 IS 4 BP 252 EP 256 DI 10.1577/H05-056.1 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 131HP UT WOS:000243860000005 PM 26599161 ER PT J AU Smith, FA Betancourt, JL AF Smith, Felisa A. Betancourt, Julio L. TI Predicting woodrat (Neotoma) responses to anthropogenic warming from studies of the palaeomidden record SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Biennial Conference of the International-Biogeography-Society CY JAN 05-09, 2005 CL Shepherdstown, WV DE adaptation; body size; darwins; evolutionary change; global climate change; late Quaternary; temperature; western North America; woodrat middens ID QUATERNARY CLIMATE-CHANGE; BODY-SIZE; BERGMANNS RULE; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; RANGE SHIFTS; GREAT-BASIN; TAYLOR DOME; HOLOCENE; EVOLUTION AB Aim The influence of anthropogenic climate change on organisms is an area of great scientific concern. Increasingly there is recognition that abrupt climate transitions have occurred over the late Quaternary; studies of these shifts may yield insights into likely biotic responses to contemporary warming. Here, we review research undertaken over the past decade investigating the response of Neotoma (woodrats) body size and distribution to climate change over the late Quaternary (the last 40,000 years). By integrating information from woodrat palaeomiddens, historical museum specimens and field studies of modern populations, we identify potential evolutionary responses to climate change occurring over a variety of temporal and spatial scales. Specifically, we characterize climatic thresholds in the past that led to local species extirpation and/or range alterations rather than in situ adaptation, and apply them to anticipate potential biotic responses to anthropogenic climate change. Location Middens were collected at about 55 sites scattered across the western United States, ranging from about 34 to 46 degrees N and about 104 to 116 degrees W, respectively. Data for modern populations were drawn from studies conducted in Death Valley, California, Missoula, Montana and the Sevilleta LTER site in central New Mexico. Methods We analysed faecal pellets from midden series collected at numerous cave sites across the western United States. From these we estimated body mass using techniques validated in earlier studies. We compared body size fluctuations at different elevations in different regions and integrated these results with studies investigating temperature-body size tradeoffs in modern animals. We also quantify the rapidity of the size changes over the late Quaternary to estimate the evolutionary capacity of woodrats to deal with predicted rates of anthropogenic climate change over the next century. Results We find remarkable similarities across the geographical range to late Quaternary climate change. In the middle of the geographical range woodrats respond in accordance to Bergmann's rule: colder climatic conditions select for larger body size and warmer conditions select for smaller body size. Patterns are more complicated at range boundaries, and local environmental conditions influence the observed response. In general, woodrat body size fluctuates with approximately the same amplitude and frequency as climate; there is a significant and positive correlation between woodrat body size and generalized climate proxies (such as ice core records). Woodrats have achieved evolutionary rates of change equal to or greater than those needed to adapt in situ to anthropogenic climate change. Main conclusions In situ body size evolution is a likely outcome of climate change, and such shifts are part of a normal spectrum of adaptation. Woodrats appear to be subject to ongoing body size selection in response to fluctuating environmental conditions. Allometric considerations suggest that these shifts in body size lead to substantial changes in the physiology, life history and ecology of woodrats, and on their direct and indirect interactions with other organisms in the ecosystem. Our work highlights the importance of a finely resolved and long-term record in understanding biotic responses to climatic shifts. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. RP Smith, FA (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM fasmith@unm.edu NR 93 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0305-0270 EI 1365-2699 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 33 IS 12 BP 2061 EP 2076 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01631.x PG 16 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 104IG UT WOS:000241951500005 ER PT J AU Buynevich, IV Donnelly, JP AF Buynevich, I. V. Donnelly, J. P. TI Geological signatures of barrier breaching and overwash, southern Massachusetts, USA SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE storms; stratigraphy; ground-penetrating radar; Cape Cod AB Historical documents, aerial photography, sediment cores, and 30 km of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) profiles were used to assess the history of barrier breaching and overwash at several sites in southern Massachusetts. Historical charts dating back to the 1700s show a number of openings along the barriers, some of which persisted for decades. On the shorelines affected by extratropical northeast storms (e.g., 1898, 1978, 1991) the geomorphological features include gaps in dune belts, deflected tidal channels, and low marsh-fringe ridges landward of the inlet sites. On the south-facing shorelines exposed to hurricanes (1630s, 1760s, 1815, 1860s, 1938, 1944,1954-55, 1991) surficial indicators of breaching consist of small flood-tidal deltas and narrow segments of low elevation along the barriers. Most tidal channels owe their origin to storm surges overtopping and downcutting the foredune ridge and subsequent scouring of the overwash channels. The buildup of water in the bays often generates strong ebb-surge flow across the barrier that is capable of opening new channels. Even during a single tidal cycle, extreme storm surges (max. height > 4 in; wind speed > 160 km/hr) are capable of substantial erosion. In places where complete breaching does not occur, extensive overwash fans have been deposited in backbarrier wetlands. Many washovers; are attributed to intense storms dating back as early as A.D. 900. Where a freshwater lens is present in the shallow subsurface, GPR images confirmed many historical inlet positions and revealed a number of buried channels not present on the survey charts. Smaller features (width: 10-30 m; depth: 1-3 m) are likely ephemeral storm breachways or overwash channels, whereas historic inlets have greater cross-sectional areas (width: 100-600 m; depth: > 4 m). Although many ephemeral channels show no evidence of lateral migration, some appear to have moved tens of meters before closing. Geophysical surveys over the sites of largest inlets reveal complex patterns of channel migration and infilling. Historical and geological data suggest that channel-fill sequences may comprise up to 80% of the barrier lithosome. Given the widespread occurrence of breaching and overwash on retrograding barriers along the Massachusetts coast, identification and mapping of historic and pre-historic overwash and breaching sites along the barrier coasts should be an integral part of coastal hazard studies. C1 [Buynevich, I. V.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Donnelly, J. P.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Buynevich, IV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM ibuynevich@usgs.gov; jdonnelly@whoi.edu NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD WIN PY 2006 SI 39 BP 112 EP 116 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA V43UZ UT WOS:000202961300020 ER PT J AU Kulp, MA FitzGerald, D Penland, S Motti, J Brown, M Flocks, J Miner, M McCarty, P Mobley, C AF Kulp, M. A. FitzGerald, D. Penland, S. Motti, J. Brown, M. Flocks, J. Miner, M. McCarty, P. Mobley, C. TI Stratigraphic architecture of a transgressive tidal inlet-flood tidal delta system: Raccoon Pass, Louisiana SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE backbarrier deposits; Mississippi River delta; transgressive deposition AB Raccoon Pass is a wave-dominated, transgressive tidal inlet of the south-central Mississippi River delta plain. Its flood-tidal delta is building into Timbalier Bay, intercepting the longshore transport of sand and reworking flood delta deposits onshore as the shoreline translates landward. Vibracores and historical aerial photographs and maps have been used to document its evolution and stratigraphy. These data identify a complex arrangement of lithofacies in a dynamic setting reflecting inlet migration, spit formation, and washover deposition as a result of tidal, wave, and storm-generated currents. Despite nearly 3-km of landward translation and the complexity of shoreline processes, Raccoon Pass has remained relatively fixed in position as a result of incision into a buried, relict, fluvio-deltaic distributary system. C1 [Kulp, M. A.; Penland, S.; Motti, J.; Brown, M.; Miner, M.; McCarty, P.; Mobley, C.] Univ New Orleans, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [FitzGerald, D.] Boston Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Flocks, J.] USGS Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Kulp, MA (reprint author), Univ New Orleans, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. EM mkulp@uno.edu NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD WIN PY 2006 SI 39 BP 1731 EP 1736 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA V43VB UT WOS:000202961500104 ER PT J AU Scribner, K Sage, G Soiseth, C Thorsteinson, L Nielsen, J Knudsen, E AF Scribner, K. Sage, G. Soiseth, C. Thorsteinson, L. Nielsen, J. Knudsen, E. TI Coho salmon colonization in recently deglaciated streams in Glacier Bay, Alaska: implications for Pacific salmon restoration SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USGS, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Glacier Bay Natl Pk & Preserve, Gustavus, AK 99826 USA. USGS, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 69 SU C BP 227 EP 228 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 123XD UT WOS:000243329400021 ER PT J AU Gross, K Alcorn, S Murray, A Morrison, R Nowak, B AF Gross, K. Alcorn, S. Murray, A. Morrison, R. Nowak, B. TI In vitro interactions between Neoparamoeba spp. and salmonid leucocytes; the effect of parasite sonicate on anterior kidney leucocyte function SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amoebic gill disease; chemotaxis; leucocyte; Neoparamoeba spp.; phagocyte function; respiratory burst ID AMEBIC-GILL-DISEASE; CULTURED ATLANTIC SALMON; SALAR L; SEQUENTIAL PATHOLOGY; RESPIRATORY BURST; NEUTROPHILS; CARP; L.; MACROPHAGES; ACTIVATION AB Sonicated Neoparamoeba spp. (Nspp) did not affect the in vitro respiratory burst response of leucocytes isolated from Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha anterior kidneys (P > 0(.)05). Atlantic salmon and chinook salmon leucocytes pre-incubated with the parasites, however, responded to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) stimulation with a greater response compared to cells incubated with PMA on its own (P < 0(.)05). Sonicated Nspp was not chemo-attractive for anterior kidney leucocytes isolated from all three fish species. (c) 2006 The Authors Journal compilation (c) 2006 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. C1 Univ Tasmania, Sch Aquaculture, Tasmanian Aquaculture & Fisheries Inst, Launceston, Tas 7250, Australia. Aquafin CRC, Launceston, Tas 7250, Australia. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Gross, K (reprint author), Univ Tasmania, Sch Aquaculture, Tasmanian Aquaculture & Fisheries Inst, Locked Bag 1370, Launceston, Tas 7250, Australia. EM kagross@utas.edu.au NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 69 SU B BP 293 EP 300 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2006.01188.x PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 123XB UT WOS:000243329100011 ER PT J AU Hartman, KJ Janney, EC AF Hartman, Kyle J. Janney, Eric C. TI Relative persistence and dispersal of age-0 and age-1 largemouth bass stocked into two Ohio River embayments SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLORIDA LAKES; HOME RANGE AB In October of 1998 the West Virginia Division of Natural Resources stocked age-0 [mean total length (MTL) = 178 mm] and age-1 (MTL = 273 mm) hatchery-reared largemouth bass into two embayments of the Ohio River. Stocked fish were fitted with both an anchor tag and a visible implant elastomer mark. A multifaceted sampling approach was undertaken to (1) evaluate the persistence of stocked largemouth bass, (2) estimate fidelity of stocked largemouth bass to release sites, and (3) compare return rates of the two age classes. Although stocked largemouth bass comprised the majority (81%) of all bass captured in electrofishing surveys of the stocked embayments during fall 1998, catches declined rapidly during winter 1998, and by spring and summer 1999 stocked largemouth bass were virtually absent from electrofishing surveys. Creel surveys indicated no catch of stocked largemouth bass in the release sites after winter 1998. Electrofishing surveys, creel surveys, and angler call-ins all suggested stocked fish did not persist and either moved out of the stocked embayments or died. The results suggest that stocking advanced-size largemouth bass into these embayments only provided a limited and short-term enhancement of the fishery in those areas. C1 W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Wildlife & Fisheries Resources Program, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Hartman, KJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Klamath Field Stn, Klamath Falls, OR 97601 USA. EM hartman@wva.edu NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0270-5060 EI 2156-6941 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 21 IS 4 BP 627 EP 637 DI 10.1080/02705060.2006.9664124 PG 11 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 107WI UT WOS:000242201300010 ER PT J AU Quist, MC Bower, MR Hubert, WA Rahel, FJ AF Quist, Michael C. Bower, Michael R. Hubert, Wayne A. Rahel, Frank J. TI Spatial patterns of fish assemblage structure in a tributary system of the upper Colorado River basin SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STREAM FISHES; CONSERVATION; COMMUNITIES; GRADIENTS; EASTERN; ECOTONE; ORDER AB This study was conducted to describe the distributions of both native and normative fishes and to identify spatial patterns in fish assemblage structure of Muddy Creek in the upper Colorado River basin of Wyoming using data collected from 77 reaches during 1999-2004. Fish assemblages in high-elevation reaches were characterized by brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and represented a coldwater faunal zone. Reaches at lower elevations were characterized by warmwater fish species. The upper segment of the warmwater faunal zone contained four native (i.e., bluehead sucker [Catostomus discobolus], flannelmouth sucker [C. latipinnis], speckled dace [Rhinichthys osculus], roundtail chub [Gila robusta]) and two normative (i.e., white sucker [C. commersoni] and creek chub [Semotilus atromaculatus]) species. The lower segment of the warmwater faunal zone included species present in upstream segments and three additional notmative species (i.e., common carp [Cyprinus carpio], redside shiner [Richardsonius baleatus], and fathead minnow [Pimephales promelas]). Differences in fish assemblage structure between coldwater and warmwater faunal zones were likely due to physiological constraints of species adapted for either coldwater or warmwater habitats. Changes in fish assemblages over the warmwater faunal zone are due to introduction and naturalization of normative fishes and anthropogenic barriers preventing upstream movements and colonization by some of these species. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Quist, MC (reprint author), Death Valley Natl Pk, US Natl Pk Serv, Death Valley, CA 92328 USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 19 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 21 IS 4 BP 673 EP 680 DI 10.1080/02705060.2006.9664129 PG 8 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 107WI UT WOS:000242201300015 ER PT J AU Ramachandran, K Hyndman, RD Brocher, TM AF Ramachandran, K. Hyndman, R. D. Brocher, T. M. TI Regional P wave velocity structure of the Northern Cascadia Subduction Zone SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID JUAN-DE-FUCA; SOUTHERN VANCOUVER-ISLAND; WESTERN WASHINGTON; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; STRUCTURE BENEATH; PUGET LOWLAND; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SEATTLE BASIN; SILENT SLIP; EARTHQUAKES AB [ 1] This paper presents the first regional three-dimensional P wave velocity model for the Northern Cascadia Subduction Zone ( SW British Columbia and NW Washington State) constructed through tomographic inversion of first-arrival traveltime data from active source experiments together with earthquake traveltime data recorded at permanent stations. The velocity model images the structure of the subducting Juan de Fuca plate, megathrust, and the fore-arc crust and upper mantle. Beneath southern Vancouver Island the megathrust above the Juan de Fuca plate is characterized by a broad zone ( 25 - 35 km depth) having relatively low velocities of 6.4 - 6.6 km/s. This relative low velocity zone coincides with the location of most of the episodic tremors recently mapped beneath Vancouver Island, and its low velocity may also partially reflect the presence of trapped fluids and sheared lower crustal rocks. The rocks of the Olympic Subduction Complex are inferred to deform aseismically as evidenced by the lack of earthquakes within the low-velocity rocks. The fore-arc upper mantle beneath the Strait of Georgia and Puget Sound is characterized by velocities of 7.2 - 7.6 km/s. Such low velocities represent regional serpentinization of the upper fore-arc mantle and provide evidence for slab dewatering and densification. Tertiary sedimentary basins in the Strait of Georgia and Puget Lowland imaged by the velocity model lie above the inferred region of slab dewatering and densification and may therefore partly result from a higher rate of slab sinking. In contrast, sedimentary basins in the Strait of Juan de Fuca lie in a synclinal depression in the Crescent Terrane. The correlation of in-slab earthquake hypocenters M > 4 with P wave velocities greater than 7.8 km/s at the hypocenters suggests that they originate near the oceanic Moho of the subducting Juan de Fuca plate. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Geol Survey Canada, Pacific Geosci Ctr, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. RP Ramachandran, K (reprint author), Queens Univ, Dept Geol Sci & Geol Engn, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. EM ramachandran@geol.queensu.ca; hyndman@pgc.nrcan.gc.ca; brocher@usgs.gov OI Brocher, Thomas/0000-0002-9740-839X NR 74 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 111 IS B12 AR B12301 DI 10.1029/2005JB004108 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 115PG UT WOS:000242745600001 ER PT J AU Temsiripong, Y Woodward, AR Ross, JP Kubilis, PS Percival, HF AF Temsiripong, Yosapong Woodward, Allan R. Ross, James P. Kubilis, Paul S. Percival, H. Franklin TI Survival and growth of American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) hatchlings after artificial incubation and repatriation SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTH-CENTRAL FLORIDA; LAKE; EGG AB Hatchling American Alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) produced from artificially incubated wild eggs were returned to their natal areas (repatriated). We compared artificially incubated and repatriated hatchlings released within and outside the maternal alligator's home range with naturally incubated hatchlings captured and released within the maternal alligator's home range on Lake Apopka, Lake Griffin, and Orange Lake in Florida. We used probability of recapture and total length at approximately nine months after hatching as indices of survival and growth rates. Artificially incubated hatchlings released outside of the maternal alligator's home range had lower recapture probabilities than either naturally incubated hatchlings or artificially incubated hatchlings released near the original nest site. Recapture probabilities of other treatments did not differ significantly. Artificially incubated hatchlings were approximately 6% shorter than naturally incubated hatchlings at approximately nine months after hatching. We concluded that repatriation of hatchlings probably would not have long-term effects on populations because of the resiliency of alligator populations to alterations of early age-class survival and growth rates of the magnitude that we observed. Repatriation of hatchlings may be an economical alternative to repatriation of older juveniles for population restoration. However, the location of release may affect subsequent survival and growth. C1 Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, US Geol Survey, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Woodward, AR (reprint author), Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, 4005 S Main St, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. EM yosapong@srirachamoda.com; allan.woodward@myfwc.com NR 27 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 40 IS 4 BP 415 EP 423 DI 10.1670/0022-1511(2006)40[415:SAGOAA]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 119SR UT WOS:000243034100001 ER PT J AU Chalmers, RJ Loftin, CS AF Chalmers, Rebecca J. Loftin, Cynthia S. TI Wetland and microhabitat use by nesting Four-Toed Salamanders in Maine SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMIDACTYLIUM-SCUTATUM; METAPOPULATION AB Little is known of Four-Toed Salamander (Hemidactylium scutatum) habitat use, despite the species' extensive range and elevated conservation status. We investigated species-habitat relationships that predict H. scutatum nesting presence in Maine at wetland and microhabitat scales by comparing microhabitats with and without nests. We created logistic regression models, selected models with AIC, and evaluated models with reserve data. Wetlands with nests were best predicted by shoreline microhabitat of Sphagnum spp., wood substrate, water flow, blue-joint reed grass (Calamagrostis canadensis), meadowsweet (Spiraea alba), steeplebush (Spiraea tomentosa), sensitive fem (Onoclea sensibilis), and absence of sheep laurel (Kalmia angustifolia) or deciduous forest canopy. Within occupied wetlands, shoreline microhabitat where nests occurred was best distinguished from available, unoccupied shoreline microhabitat by steeper shore, greater near-shore and basin water depth, deeper nesting vegetation, presence of moss spp. and winterberry Ulex verticillata), and a negative association with S. alba, leatherleaf (Chamaedaphne calyculata), and K. angustifolia. These models of wetland and microhabitat use by H. scutatum may assist ecologists and managers in detecting and conserving this species. C1 Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, USGS Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Chalmers, RJ (reprint author), Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Resource Assessment Serv, MANTA, 580 Taylor Ave C-2, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. EM chalmersbecky@yahoo.com; cyndy_loftin@umenfa.maine.edu NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 40 IS 4 BP 478 EP 485 DI 10.1670/0022-1511(2006)40[478:WAMUBN]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 119SR UT WOS:000243034100008 ER PT J AU Lundquist, JD Flint, AL AF Lundquist, Jessica D. Flint, Alan L. TI Onset of snowmelt and streamflow in 2004 in the western United States: How shading may affect spring streamflow timing in a warmer world SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-RADIATION; NORTH-AMERICA; SIERRA-NEVADA; CLIMATE; CALIFORNIA; TERRAIN; SURFACE; RUNOFF AB Historic streamflow records show that the onset of snowfed streamflow in the western United States has shifted earlier over the past 50 yr, and March 2004 was one of the earliest onsets on record. Record high temperatures occurred throughout the western United States during the second week of March, and U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) stream gauges throughout the area recorded early onsets of streamflow at this time. However, a set of nested subbasins in Yosemite National Park, California, told a more complicated story. In spite of high air temperatures, many streams draining high-elevation basins did not start flowing until later in the spring. Temperatures during early March 2004 were as high as temperatures in late March 2002, when streams at all of the monitored Yosemite basins began flowing at the same time. However, the March 2004 onset occurred before the spring equinox, when the sun was lower in the sky. Thus, shading and solar radiation differences played a much more important role in 2004, leading to differences in streamflow timing. These results suggest that as temperatures warm and spring melt shifts earlier in the season, topographic effects will play an even more important role than at present in determining snowmelt timing. C1 NOAA, CIRES, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Lundquist, JD (reprint author), Univ Washington, 201 More Hall Box 352700, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jdlund@u.washington.edu NR 29 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 7 IS 6 BP 1199 EP 1217 DI 10.1175/JHM539.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 125IU UT WOS:000243436400002 ER PT J AU Raithel, CJ Ginsberg, HS Prospero, ML AF Raithel, Christopher J. Ginsberg, Howard S. Prospero, Ming Lee TI Population trends and flight behavior of the American burying beetle, Nicrophorus americanus (Coleoptera : Silphidae), on Block Island, RI SO JOURNAL OF INSECT CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE American burying beetle; endangered species; flight behavior; mark recapture; Nicrophorus americanus; population trends AB The endangered American burying beetle, Nicrophorus americanus, was monitored on Block Island, RI, USA, from 1991-2003 using mark-recapture population estimates of adults collected in pitfall traps. Populations increased through time, especially after 1994 when a program was initiated that provided carrion for beetle production. Beetle captures increased with increasing temperature and dew point, and decreased with increasing wind speed. Short distance movement was not related to wind direction, while longer distance flights tended to be downwind. Although many individuals flew considerable distances along transects, most recaptures were in traps near the point of release. These behaviors probably have counterbalancing effects on population estimates. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Coastal Field Stn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RI Dept Environm Management, Div Fish & Wildlife, W Kingston, RI 02892 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Ginsberg, HS (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Coastal Field Stn, Woodward Hall PLS, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM hginsberg@usgs.gov NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1366-638X J9 J INSECT CONSERV JI J. Insect Conserv. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 10 IS 4 BP 317 EP 322 DI 10.1007/s10841-006-9001-5 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Entomology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Entomology GA 113RS UT WOS:000242615600003 ER PT J AU O'Shea, TJ Poche, LB AF O'Shea, Thomas J. Poche, Lynn B., Jr. TI Aspects of underwater sound communication in Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE communication; Florida; manatees; Sirenia; Trichechus manatus latirostris; vocalizations ID WEST-INDIAN MANATEES; ACOUSTIC DETECTION; VOCALIZATIONS; CALLS; INUNGUIS; BEHAVIOR; SIRENIA; CAPTURE AB We recorded underwater vocalizations of captive and wild Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) to assess variability in acoustic structure of their sounds and to test hypotheses regarding the importance of specific acoustic traits in individual distinctiveness and in certain behavioral contexts. Manatees use vocalizations to maintain contact when in groups. The highest rates of vocalizing occur during antiphonal calling between females and calves. Vocalizations are complex, single-note calls with multiple harmonics, frequency modulations, nonharmonically related overtones, and other nonlinear elements. We measured 6 acoustic variables and found that individuals varied significantly in fundamental frequency, emphasized band, frequency range, and call contour (the overall pattern of complexity in frequency modulation). These traits did not vary within individuals on different dates or when manatees were alarmed and fleeing. Individual fundamental frequencies ranged from 1.75 to 3.90 kHz, and were negatively correlated with body size. Little sound energy occurred above 18 kHz in 502 call notes of 6 captive manatees sampled with a recording oscilloscope. Presence of harmonics and call duration differed by date and manatees emitted longer calls when fleeing disturbance. Call duration varied from 118 to 643 ms (geometric mean = 271 ms, 95% confidence limits = 264, 279 ms) in a sample of 479 vocalizations we recorded from 14 individuals. The maximum call duration recorded over the entire study was 900 ms. Females and calves responded only to each others' vocalizations when rejoining a group after brief separations, strongly suggesting individual recognition by sound. Structural complexity in the calls of manatees is similar to that in other sirenians, and may reflect their auditory capabilities and the unique physical properties of sound in shallow water. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Naval Res Lab, Underwater Sound Reference Detachment, Orlando, FL 32856 USA. RP O'Shea, TJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C Fort Collins, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM tom_o'shea@usgs.gov NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 32 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1061 EP 1071 DI 10.1644/06-MAMM-A-066R1.1 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 123TO UT WOS:000243318900001 ER PT J AU Henley, WF Grobler, PJ Neves, RJ AF Henley, William F. Grobler, Paul J. Neves, Richard J. TI Non-invasive method to obtain DNA from freshwater mussels (Bivalvia : Unionidae) SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Unionidae; genetics; integument; swabbing; mantle-clipping ID CONSERVATION; DIFFERENTIATION AB To determine whether DNA could be isolated from tissues obtained by brush-swabbing the mantle, viscera and foot, mantle-clips and swabbed cells were obtained from eight Quadrula pustulosa (Lea, 1831). DNA yields from clips and swabbings were 447.0 and 975.3 eta g/mu L, respectively. Furthermore, comparisons of sequences from the ND-1 mitochondrial gene region showed a 100% sequence agreement of DNA from cells obtained by clips and swabs. To determine the number of swabs needed to obtain adequate yields of DNA for analyses, the visceras and feet of 5 Q. pustulosa each were successively swabbed 2, 4 and 6 times. DNA yields from the 2, 4 and 6 swabbed mussel groups were 399.4, 833.8 and 852.6 ng/mu L, respectively. ND-1 sequences from the lowest yield still provided 846-901 bp for the ND-1 region. Nevertheless, to ensure adequate DNA yield from cell samples obtained by swabbing, we recommend that 4 swab-strokes of the viscera and foot be obtained. The use of integumental swabbing for collection of cells for determination of genetic relationships among freshwater mussels is noninvasive, when compared with tissue collection by mantle-clipping. Therefore, its use is recommended for freshwater mussels, especially state-protected or federally listed mussel species. C1 US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Tech, Freshwater Mollusk Conservat Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Limpopo, Dept Biodivers, Sch Mol & Life Sci, Sovenga, South Africa. RP Neves, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM mussel@vt.edu NR 9 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 25 IS 3 BP 975 EP 977 PG 3 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 116YM UT WOS:000242839700024 ER PT J AU Snyder, CD Johnson, ZB AF Snyder, C. D. Johnson, Z. B. TI Macroinvertebrate assemblage recovery following a catastrophic flood and debris flows in an Appalachian mountain stream SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE catastrophic disturbance; flood; debris flow; macroinvertebrates; taxon richness; density; trophic structure; Appalachian streams ID EXPERIMENTAL DISTURBANCE; INVERTEBRATE COMMUNITY; HEADWATER STREAMS; TERM RECOVERY; DESERT STREAM; INSECTS; RECOLONIZATION; EPHEMEROPTERA; STABILITY; RIVER AB In June 1995, heavy rains caused severe flooding and massive debris flows on the Staunton River, a 3(rd)-order stream in the Blue Ridge Mountains (Virginia, USA). Scouring caused the loss of the riparian zone and repositioned the stream channel of the lower 2.1 km of the stream. Between 1998 and 2001, we conducted seasonal macroinvertebrate surveys at sites on the Staunton River and on White Oak Canyon Run, a reference stream of similar size and geology that was relatively unaffected by the flood. Our study was designed to determine the extent to which flood-induced changes to the stream channel and riparian habitats caused long-term changes to macroinvertebrate community structure and composition. Sites within the impacted zone of the Staunton River supported diverse stable benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages 3 y after the flood despite dramatic and persistent changes in environmental factors known to be important controls on stream ecosystem function. However, significant differences in total macroinvertebrate density and trophic structure could be attributed to the flood. In autumn, densities of most feeding guilds, including shredders, were higher at impacted-zone sites than at all other sites, suggesting higher overall productivity in the impacted zone. Higher shredder density in the impacted zone was surprising in light of expected decreases in leaf-litter inputs because of removal of riparian forests. In contrast, in spring, we observed density differences in only one feeding guild, scrapers, which showed higher densities at impacted-zone sites than at all other sites. This result conformed to a priori expectations that reduced shading in the impacted zone would lead to increased light and higher instream primary production. We attribute the seasonal differences in trophic structure to the effects of increased temperatures on food quality and to the relationship between the timing of our sampling and the emergence patterns of important taxa. C1 US Geol Survey, Aquat Ecol Branch, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Coll SE, Dept Biol, Hobbs, NM 88240 USA. RP Snyder, CD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Aquat Ecol Branch, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM csnyder@usgs.gov; zjohnson@lec.edu NR 52 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 27 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 25 IS 4 BP 825 EP 840 DI 10.1899/0887-3593(2006)025[0825:MARFAC]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 109JY UT WOS:000242305300007 ER PT J AU Connally, NP Ginsberg, HS Mather, TN AF Connally, Neeta P. Ginsberg, Howard S. Mather, Thomas N. TI Assessing peridomestic entomological factors as predictors for Lyme disease SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ixodes scapularis; risk factors; entomologic risk; Lyme disease; Rhode Island ID IXODES-SCAPULARIS ACARI; GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; RISK-FACTORS; UNITED-STATES; NEW-YORK; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; DAMMINI ACARI; IXODIDAE; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY AB The roles of entomologic risk factors, including density of nymphal blacklegged ticks (Ixodes scapularis), prevalence of nymphal infection with the etiologic agent (Borrelia burgdorferi), and density of infected nymphs, in determining the risk of human Lyme disease were assessed at residences in the endemic community of South Kingstown, RI. Nymphs were sampled between May and July from the wooded edge around 51 and 47 residential properties in 2002 and 2003, respectively. Nymphs were collected from all residences sampled. Tick densities, infection rates, and densities of infected nymphs were all significantly higher around homes reporting Lyme disease histories in 2003, while only infection rates were significantly higher in 2002. However, densities of infected nymphs did not significantly predict the probability of Lyme disease at a residence (by logistic regression) in either year. There were no significant differences in entomologic risk factors between homes with state-confirmed Lyme disease histories and homes with self-reported cases (not reported to the state health department). Therefore, although entomologic risk factors tended to be higher at residences with cases of Lyme disease, entomological indices, in the absence of human behavior measures, were not useful predictors of Lyme disease at the scale of individual residences in a tick-endemic community. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Ctr Vector Borne Dis, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Coastal Field Stn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Connally, NP (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Ctr Vector Borne Dis, 9 E Alumni Ave,Suite 7, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 30733] NR 40 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI CORONA PA 1966 COMPTON AVE, CORONA, CA 92881 USA SN 1081-1710 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 31 IS 2 BP 364 EP 370 DI 10.3376/1081-1710(2006)31[364:APEFAP]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 125CB UT WOS:000243418000018 PM 17249354 ER PT J AU White, GC Kendall, WL Barker, RJ AF White, Gary C. Kendall, William L. Barker, Richard J. TI Multistate survival models and their extensions in Program MARK SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual Meeting of the Wildlife-Society CY SEP 18-22, 2004 CL Calgary, CANADA SP Wildlife Soc DE breeding probabilities; encounter histories; maximum likelihood estimation; multi-strata models; Program MARK ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; ESTIMATE TEMPORARY EMIGRATION; ROBUST DESIGN; BREEDING PROPORTIONS; MOVEMENT; ANIMALS; RESIGHT AB Program MARK provides > 100 models for the estimation of population parameters from mark-encounter data. The multistate model of Brownie et al. (1993) and Hestbecket al. (1991) allows animals to move between states with a probability of transition. The simplest multistate model is an extension of the Cormack-Jolly-Seber (CJS) live recapture model. Parameters estimated are state-specific survival rates and encounter probabilities and transition probabilities between states. The multistate model provides a valuable framework to evaluate important ecological questions. For example, estimation of state-specific survival and transition probabilities between the biological states of breeders and nonbreeders allows estimation of the cost of reproduction. Transitions between physical states, such as spatial areas, provide estimates needed for meta-population models. The basic multistate model uses only live recaptures, but 3 extensions are included in MARK. A multistate model with live and dead encounters is available, although the dead encounters are not state specific. Robust-design multistate models are also included in MARK, with both open and closed robust designs. These models assume that animals move between states only between primary sessions of the robust design. For the closed robust design, we can specify 12 different data types for the modeling of encounter probabilities during the primary session, including 6 versions of the closed model likelihood incorporating population size (N) directly in the likelihood, and 6 versions of the Huggins model in which N is estimated as a derived parameter outside the likelihood. One assumption that is generally necessary to estimate state-specific survival rates in the multistate model is that transitions take place immediately before encounter occasions. Otherwise, survival rates over the interval between encounter occasions are a mix of survival rates over multiple states. Advantages of using MARK to estimate the parameters of the various multistate models include flexibility of model specification to include group, time, and individual covariates, estimation of variance components, model averaging of parameter estimates, and Bayesian parameter estimation using Markov chain Monte Carlo procedures on the logit scale. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Univ Otago, Dept Math & Stat, Dunedin, New Zealand. RP White, GC (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM gwhite@cnr.colostate.edu NR 32 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 5 U2 53 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1521 EP 1529 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1521:MSMATE]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 136PH UT WOS:000244236100005 ER PT J AU Heisey, DM Patterson, BR AF Heisey, Dennis M. Patterson, Brent R. TI A review of methods to estimate cause-specific mortality in presence of competing risks SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Wildlife-Society CY 2004 CL Calgary, CANADA SP Wildlife Soc DE Canis latrans; Cox proportional hazards; coyote; cumulative incidence function; Kaplan-Meier; MICROMORT; product limit estimator; survival analysis ID SURVIVAL ANALYSIS; FAILURE PROBABILITIES; TRUNCATED DATA; REGRESSION; TELEMETRY; DEER AB Estimating cause-specific mortality is often of central importance for understanding the dynamics of wildlife populations. Despite such importance, methodology for estimating and analying cause-specific mortality has received little attention in wildlife ecology during the past 20 years. The issue of analyzing cause-specific, mutually exclusive events in time is not unique to wildlife. In fact, this general problem has received substantial attention in human biomedical applications within the context of biostatistical survival analysis. Here, we consider cause-specific mortality from a modem biostatistical perspective. This requires carefully defining what we mean by cause-specific mortality and then providing an appropriate hazard-based representation as a competing risks problem. This leads to the general solution of cause-specific mortality as the cumulative incidence function (CIF). We describe the appropriate generalization of the fully nonparametric staggered-entry Kaplan-Meier survival estimator to cause-specific mortality via the nonparametric CIF estimator (NPCIFE), which in many situations offers an attractive alternative to the Heisey-Fuller estimator. An advantage of the NPCIFE is that it lends itself readily to risk factors analysis with standard software for Cox proportional hazards model. The competing risks-based approach also clarifies issues regarding another intuitive but erroneous "cause-specific mortality" estimator based on the Kaplan-Meier survival estimator and commonly seen in the life sciences literature. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Wildlife Res & Dev Sect, Peterborough, ON K9J 8M5, Canada. RP Heisey, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM brent.patterson@mnr.gov.on.ca NR 40 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 48 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1544 EP 1555 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1544:AROMTE]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 136PH UT WOS:000244236100007 ER PT J AU O'Connell, AF Talancy, NW Bailey, LL Sauer, JR Cook, R Gilbert, AT AF O'Connell, Allan F., Jr. Talancy, Neil W. Bailey, Larissa L. Sauer, John R. Cook, Robert Gilbert, Andrew T. TI Estimating site occupancy and detection probability parameters for meso- and large mammals in a coastal ecosystem SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Cape Cod; detection probability; mammals; monitoring; multispecies; nondetection; presence-absence; site occupancy ID HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; CONSERVATION; CAPTURE; DESIGNS; MODELS AB Large-scale, multispecies monitoring programs are widely used to assess changes in wildlife populations but they often assume constant detectability when documenting species occurrence. This assumption is rarely met in practice because animal populations vary across time and space. As a result, detectability of a species can be influenced by a number of physical, biological, or anthropogenic factors (e.g., weather, seasonality, topography, biological rhythms, sampling methods). To evaluate some of these influences, we estimated site occupancy rates using species-specific detection probabilities for meso- and large terrestrial mammal species on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA. We used model selection to assess the influence of different sampling methods and major environmental factors on our ability to detect individual species. Remote cameras detected the most species (9), followed by cubby boxes (7) and hair traps (4) over a 13-month period. Estimated site occupancy rates were similar among sampling methods for most species when detection probabilities exceeded 0.15, but we question estimates obtained from methods with detection probabilities between 0. 05 and 0. 15, and we consider methods with lower probabilities unacceptable for occupancy estimation and inference. Estimated detection probabilities can be used to accommodate variation in sampling methods, which allows for comparison of monitoring programs using different protocols. Vegetation and seasonality produced species-specific differences in detectability and occupancy, but differences were not consistent within or among species, which suggests that our results should be considered in the context of local habitat features and life history traits for the target species. We believe that site occupancy is a useful state variable and suggest that monitoring programs for mammals using occupancy data consider detectability prior to making inferences about species distributions or population change. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Cape Cod Natl Seashore, Wellfleet, MA 02667 USA. N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP O'Connell, AF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM allan_o'connell@usgs.gov RI Bailey, Larissa/A-2565-2009 NR 54 TC 90 Z9 94 U1 4 U2 74 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1625 EP 1633 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1625:ESOADP]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 136PH UT WOS:000244236100015 ER PT J AU Herring, G Collazo, JA AF Herring, Garth Collazo, Jaime A. TI Lesser scaup winter foraging and nutrient reserve acquisition in east-central Florida SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Aythya affinis; body condition; Florida; lesser scaup; nutrient reserves; spring condition hypothesis; winter ID BODY-MASS; RADIO TRANSMITTERS; SPRING MIGRATION; ACTIVITY BUDGETS; DIVING DUCKS; SNOW GEESE; BEHAVIOR; CANVASBACKS; CALIFORNIA; FLIGHT AB Lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) populations have been declining since the late 1970s. One of the explanations to account for this decline, the spring-condition hypothesis (SCH), is based on the premise that scaup are limited by their ability to acquire or maintain nutrient reserves during migration to the breeding grounds, leading to an impairment of their reproductive potential. Available evidence suggests that endogenous reserves required for reproduction are obtained at a later stage of migration or after arrival at the breeding grounds, not wintering sites. However, only one study has addressed body-condition levels on a southern wintering site in the last decade, with results limited to the wintering grounds on the Mississippi Flyway. We documented foraging behavior, nutrient levels, and body mass of lesser scaup in east-central Florida, USA, where 62% of the Atlantic Flyway population overwinters, during the winters of 2002 and 2003. Diurnal foraging did not increase seasonally. Nocturnal foraging increased seasonally by 76% or 43 minutes per night in females and by 478% or 1.9 hours per night in males. Measures of body condition did not change seasonally during 2002 for either sex. Between early and later winter in 2003 corrected body mass (CBM) and lipid reserves of male scaup increased 77 g and 39 g, respectively. Our results suggest that lesser scaup maintain or may slightly improve their physiological condition in east-central Florida during winter. Lower body mass and differences in nutrient levels in east-central Florida, compared to a wintering site in Louisiana, likely stem from geographic variation and lower thermal requirements associated with the warmer Florida environment. Lesser scaup depart Florida with sufficient reserves to initiate spring migration, but they maximize nutrient reserves used during reproduction elsewhere during migration or on the breeding grounds. These results suggest that maintaining the ecological integrity of this wintering ground is critical in minimizing winter mortality and preventing it from becoming an ancillary factor in current declines. Future research should address understanding survival rates during spring migration and at critical staging areas to provide new insight into the ramifications of scaup leaving wintering habitats such as MINWR with lower body condition than at other wintering sites in other flyways. C1 N Carolina State Univ, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Herring, G (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. EM gherrin1@fau.edu NR 54 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1682 EP 1689 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1682:LSWFAN]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 136PH UT WOS:000244236100022 ER PT J AU Zimpfer, NL Conroy, MJ AF Zimpfer, Nathan L. Conroy, Michael J. TI Modeling movement and fidelity of American black ducks SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE adaptive harvest management; American black duck; Anas rubripes; fidelity; harvest; model; movement probability; population dynamics ID NULL HYPOTHESIS; SURVIVAL RATES; RECOVERY RATES; INFORMATION AB Spatial relationships among stocks of breeding waterfowl can be an important component of harvest management. Prediction and optimal harvest management under adaptive harvest management (AHM) requires information on the spatial relationships among breeding populations (fidelity and inter-year exchange), as well as rates of movements from breeding to harvest regions. We used band-recovery data to develop a model to estimate probabilities of movement for American black ducks (Anas rubripes) among 3 Canadian breeding strata and 6 harvest regions (3 in Canada, and 3 in the United States) over the period 1965-1998. Model selection criteria suggested that models containing area-, year-, and age-specific recovery rates with area- and sex-specific movement rates were the best for modeling movement. Movement by males to southern harvest areas was variable depending on the originating area. Males from the western breeding area predominantly moved to the Mississippi Flyway or southern Atlantic Flyway (Psi(ij) = 0.353, SE = 0.0187 and Psi(ij) = 0.473, SE = 0.037, respectively), whereas males that originated in the eastern and central breeding strata moved to the northern Atlantic flyway (Psi(ij) = 0.842, SE = 0.010 and Psi(ij) = 0.578, SE = 0.0222, respectively). We used combined recoveries and recaptures in Program MARK to estimate fidelity to the 3 Canadian breeding strata. Information criteria identified a model containing sex- and age-specific fidelity for black ducks. Estimates of fidelity were 0.9695 (SE = 0.0249) and 0.9554 (SE = 0.0434) for adult males and females, respectively. Estimates of fidelity for juveniles were slightly lower at 0.9210 (SE = 0.0931) and 0.8870 (SE = 0.0475) for males and females, respectively. These models have application to the development of spatially stratified black duck harvest management models for use in AHM. C1 Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30607 USA. RP Zimpfer, NL (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Off Migratory Bird Management, 11500 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM mconroy@uga.edu NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1770 EP 1777 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1770:MMAFOA]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 136PH UT WOS:000244236100032 ER PT J AU Vest, JL Kaminski, RM Afton, AD Vilella, FJ AF Vest, Josh L. Kaminski, Richard M. Afton, Alan D. Vilella, Francisco J. TI Body mass of lesser scaup during fall and winter in the Mississippi flyway SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Aythya affinis; body mass; fall migration; Mississippi Flyway; scaup; winter ID AYTHYA-AFFINIS; DIVING DUCKS; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; NUTRIENT RESERVES; ZEBRA MUSSELS; GREATER SCAUP; POPULATIONS; MALLARDS; WATERFOWL C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Lousiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Vest, JL (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM jlvest@cc.usu.edu NR 64 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1789 EP 1795 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1789:BMOLSD]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 136PH UT WOS:000244236100035 ER PT J AU Fellers, GM Kleeman, PM AF Fellers, Gary M. Kleeman, Patrick M. TI Diurnal versus nocturnal surveys for California red-legged frogs SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE anuran; California red-legged frog; endangered species; nocturnal surveys; Rana draytonii; survey technique ID LIMITED ATTENTION; CONSTRAINT C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Point Reyes Natl Seashore, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. RP Fellers, GM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Point Reyes Natl Seashore, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. EM gary_fellers@usgs.gov NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1805 EP 1808 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1805:DVNSFC]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 136PH UT WOS:000244236100038 ER PT J AU Siegal-Willott, J Estrada, A Bonde, R Wong, A Estrada, DJ Harr, K AF Siegal-Willott, Jessica Estrada, Amara Bonde, Robert Wong, Arthur Estrada, Daniel J. Harr, Kendal TI Electrocardiography in two subspecies of manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris and T-m. manatus) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE electrocardiogram; heart; manatee; mean electrical axis; sinus arrhythmia; Trichechus manatus ID WEST-INDIAN MANATEE; FLORIDA MANATEE; ELEPHANT; HEART AB Electrocardiographic (ECG) measurements were recorded ill two subspecies of awake, apparently healthy, wild manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris and T m. manatus) undergoing routine field examinations in Florida and Belize. Six unsedated juveniles (dependent and independent calves) and 6 adults were restrained in ventral recumbency for ECG measurements. Six lead ECGs were recorded for all manatees and the following parameters were determined: heart rate and rhythm; P, QRS, and T wave morphology, amplitude, and duration; and mean electrical axis (MEA). Statistical differences using a t-test for equality of means were determined. No statistical difference was seen based on sex or subspecies of manatees in the above measured criteria. Statistical differences existed in heart rate (P = 0.047), P wave duration (P = 0.019), PR interval (P = 0.025). and MEA (P = 0.021) between adult manatees and calves. Our findings revealed normal sinus rhythms, no detectable arrhythmias. prolonged PR and QT intervals, prolonged P wave duration. and small R wave amplitude as compared with cetacea and other marine mammals. This paper documents the techniques for and baseline recordings of ECGs In juvenile and adult free-living manatees. It also demonstrates that continual assessment of cardiac electrical activity in the awake manatee can be completed and can be used to aid veterinarians and biologists in routine health assessment, during procedures, and in detecting the presence of cardiac disease or dysfunction. C1 Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. US Geol Survey, FISC, Sirenia Project, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Jackson Field Lab, Jacksonville, FL 32221 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RP Siegal-Willott, J (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, POB 100125, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. OI Harr, Kendal/0000-0001-5390-3586; Bonde, Robert/0000-0001-9179-4376 NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 37 IS 4 BP 447 EP 453 DI 10.1638/05-086.1 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 124KS UT WOS:000243367300001 PM 17315428 ER PT J AU Fayer, R Santin, M Trout, JM DeStefano, S Koenen, K Kaur, T AF Fayer, Ronald Santin, Monica Trout, James M. DeStefano, Stephen Koenen, Kiana Kaur, Taranjit TI Prevalence of microsporidia, Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia spp. in beavers (Castor canadensis) in Massachusetts SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE beaver; genotype; molecular; survey; waterborne; zoonotic ID FECAL SAMPLES; ENTEROCYTOZOON-BIENEUSI; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; MAMMALS; GENOTYPES; HUMANS; CYSTS; WATER; DUODENALIS; CANADA AB Feces from 62 beavers (Castor canadensis) in Massachusetts were examined by fluorescence microscopy (IFA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Microsporidia species, Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia spp. between January 2002 and December 2004. PCR-positive specimens were further examined by gene sequencing. Protist parasites were detected in 6.4% of the beavers. All were subadults and kits. Microsporidia species were not detected. Giardia spp. was detected by IFA from four beavers; Cryptosporidium spp. was also detected by IFA from two of these beavers. However, gene sequence data for the ssrRNA gene from these two Cryptosporidium spp.-positive beavers were inconclusive in identifying the species. Nucleotide sequences of the TPI, ssrRNA, and P-giardin genes for Giardia spp. (deposited in GenBank) indicated that the four beavers were excreting Giardia duodenalis Assemblage B, the zoonotic genotype representing a potential source of waterborne Giardia spp. cysts. C1 USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Massachusetts, US Geol Survey, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Amherst, MA 01355 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Fayer, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 33 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 37 IS 4 BP 492 EP 497 DI 10.1638/06-013.1 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 124KS UT WOS:000243367300007 PM 17315434 ER PT J AU Stockdon, HF Lillycrop, WJ Howd, PA Wozencraft, JM AF Stockdon, Hilary F. Lillycrop, W. Jeff Howd, Peter A. Wozencraft, Jennifer M. TI The need for sustained and integrated high-resolution mapping of dynamic coastal environments SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GREENLAND ICE-SHEET; LASER ALTIMETRY; BEACH CHANGES; LIDAR SURVEYS; AIRBORNE; ACCURACY AB The coastal zone of the United States is a dynamic environment evolving in response to both natural processes and human activities. In order to protect coastal populations and resources, a detailed understanding of the physical setting and of the processes responsible for change is required. A sustained program of mapping coastal areas provides a means to establish baseline conditions, document change, and, in conjunction with models of physical processes, predict future behavior. Recent advances in mapping technology, including airborne lidars and hyperspectral imagers, allow for the rapid collection of high-resolution elevation data and land use information on a national scale. These rich data sets are critical to evaluating risk associated with coastal hazards, such as flooding during extreme storms. For example, coastal elevation data is a fundamental parameter in storm surge models that predict where flooding will occur, and land use maps serve as the foundation of assessments that identify the resources and populations that are most vulnerable. A comprehensive, national coastal mapping plan that is designed to collect, manage, and distribute these data, as well as to take advantage of recent progress in mapping technology, will provide a wealth of information for studying the processes of physical change, for determining areas vulnerable to coastal hazards, and for protecting and managing our coastal communities and resources. C1 US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, Reston, VA 20192 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Tech Ctr Expertis, Washington, DC 20314 USA. RP Stockdon, HF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, Reston, VA 20192 USA. OI Stockdon, Hilary/0000-0003-0791-4676 NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD WIN PY 2006 VL 40 IS 4 BP 90 EP 99 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 146YK UT WOS:000244970400013 ER PT J AU King, TL Switzer, JF Morrison, CL Eackles, MS Young, CC Lubinski, BA Cryan, P AF King, Tim L. Switzer, John F. Morrison, Cheryl L. Eackles, Michael S. Young, Colleen C. Lubinski, Barbara A. Cryan, Paul TI Comprehensive genetic analyses reveal evolutionary distinction of a mouse (Zapus hudsonius preblei) proposed for delisting from the US Endangered Species Act SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE control region; cytochrome b; microsatellite; phylogeography; subspecies; Zapus hudsonius ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MICROSATELLITE DNA; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS; SEQUENCE DATA; CONSERVATION; TREES; MARKERS; UNITS; DIFFERENTIATION AB Zapus hudsonius preblei, listed as threatened under the US Endangered Species Act (ESA), is one of 12 recognized subspecies of meadow jumping mice found in North America. Recent morphometric and phylogenetic comparisons among Z. h. preblei and neighbouring conspecifics questioned the taxonomic status of selected subspecies, resulting in a proposal to delist the Z. h. preblei from the ESA. We present additional analyses of the phylogeographic structure within Z. hudsonius that calls into question previously published data (and conclusions) and confirms the original taxonomic designations. A survey of 21 microsatellite DNA loci and 1380 base pairs from two mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) regions (control region and cytochrome b) revealed that each Z. hudsonius subspecies is genetically distinct. These data do not support the null hypothesis of a homogeneous gene pool among the five subspecies found within the southwestern portion of the species' range. The magnitude of the observed differentiation was considerable and supported by significant findings for nearly every statistical comparison made, regardless of the genome or the taxa under consideration. Structuring of nuclear multilocus genotypes and subspecies-specific mtDNA haplotypes corresponded directly with the disjunct distributions of the subspecies investigated. Given the level of correspondence between the observed genetic population structure and previously proposed taxonomic classification of subspecies (based on the geographic separation and surveys of morphological variation), we conclude that the nominal subspecies surveyed in this study do not warrant synonymy, as has been proposed for Z. h. preblei, Z. h. campestris, and Z. h. intermedius. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. USGS BRD, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP King, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM tlking@usgs.gov OI Cryan, Paul/0000-0002-2915-8894 NR 80 TC 30 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 15 IS 14 BP 4331 EP 4359 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.03080.x PG 29 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 105OZ UT WOS:000242042800005 PM 17107469 ER PT J AU Neville, HM Isaak, DJ Dunham, JB Thurow, RF Rieman, BE AF Neville, H. M. Isaak, D. J. Dunham, J. B. Thurow, R. F. Rieman, B. E. TI Fine-scale natal homing and localized movement as shaped by sex and spawning habitat in Chinook salmon: insights from spatial autocorrelation analysis of individual genotypes SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chinook salmon; dispersal; fine-scale genetic structure; movement; natal homing; spatial autocorrelation ID POPULATION GENETIC-STRUCTURE; CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; MALE SOCKEYE-SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; ATLANTIC SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; BIASED DISPERSAL; REPRODUCTIVE-BEHAVIOR; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; STRAYING PATTERNS AB Natal homing is a hallmark of the life history of salmonid fishes, but the spatial scale of homing within local, naturally reproducing salmon populations is still poorly understood. Accurate homing (paired with restricted movement) should lead to the existence of fine-scale genetic structuring due to the spatial clustering of related individuals on spawning grounds. Thus, we explored the spatial resolution of natal homing using genetic associations among individual Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in an interconnected stream network. We also investigated the relationship between genetic patterns and two factors hypothesized to influence natal homing and localized movements at finer scales in this species, localized patterns in the distribution of spawning gravels and sex. Spatial autocorrelation analyses showed that spawning locations in both sub-basins of our study site were spatially clumped, but the upper sub-basin generally had a larger spatial extent and continuity of redd locations than the lower sub-basin, where the distribution of redds and associated habitat conditions were more patchy. Male genotypes were not autocorrelated at any spatial scale in either sub-basin. Female genotypes showed significant spatial autocorrelation and genetic patterns for females varied in the direction predicted between the two sub-basins, with much stronger autocorrelation in the sub-basin with less continuity in spawning gravels. The patterns observed here support predictions about differential constraints and breeding tactics between the two sexes and the potential for fine-scale habitat structure to influence the precision of natal homing and localized movements of individual Chinook salmon on their breeding grounds. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Biol 314, Reno, NV 89557 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Neville, HM (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Biol 314, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM hneville@unr.nevada.edu RI Isaak, Dan/C-8818-2011 NR 86 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 15 IS 14 BP 4589 EP 4602 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.03082.x PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 105OZ UT WOS:000242042800021 PM 17107485 ER PT J AU St John, J Ransler, FA Quinn, TW Oyler-McCance, SJ AF St John, Judy Ransler, Findley A. Quinn, Thomas W. Oyler-McCance, Sara J. TI Characterization of microsatellite loci isolated in trumpeter swan (Cygnus buccinator) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE Cygnus buccinator; microsatellite; trumpeter swan AB Primers for 16 microsatellite loci were developed for the trumpeter swan (Cygnus buccinator), a species recovering from a recent population bottleneck. In a screen of 158 individuals, the 16 loci were found to have levels of variability ranging from two to seven alleles. No loci were found to be linked, although two loci repeatedly revealed significant departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Amplification in the closely related tundra swan (Cygnus columbianus) was successful for all except one locus. These microsatellite loci will be applicable for population genetic analyses and ultimately aid in management efforts. C1 Univ Denver, Dept Biol Sci, Rocky Mt Ctr Conservatr Genet & Systemat, Denver, CO 80208 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Oyler-McCance, SJ (reprint author), Univ Denver, Dept Biol Sci, Rocky Mt Ctr Conservatr Genet & Systemat, Denver, CO 80208 USA. EM sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD DEC PY 2006 VL 6 IS 4 BP 1083 EP 1085 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01441.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 107TG UT WOS:000242193300036 ER PT J AU Gregoire, C Joesten, PK AF Gregoire, C. Joesten, P. K. TI Use of borehole radar tomography to monitor steam injection in fractured limestone SO NEAR SURFACE GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Borehole radar tomography was used as part of a pilot study to monitor steam-enhanced remediation of a fractured limestone contaminated with volatile organic compounds at the former Loring Air Force Base, Maine, USA. Radar tomography data were collected using 100-MHz electric-dipole antennae before and during steam injection to evaluate whether cross-hole radar methods could detect changes in medium properties resulting from the steam injection. Cross-hole levelrun profiles, in which transmitting and receiving antennae are positioned at a common depth, were made before and after the collection of each full tomography data set to check the stability of the radar instruments. Before tomographic inversion, the levelrun profiles were used to calibrate the radar tomography data to compensate for changes in traveltime and antenna power caused by instrument drift. Observed changes in cross-hole radar traveltime and attenuation before and during steam injection were small. Slowness- and attenuation-difference tomograms indicate small increases in radar slowness and attenuation at depths greater than about 22 m below the surface, consistent with increases in water temperature observed in the boreboles used for the tomography. Based on theoretical modelling results, increases in slowness and attenuation are interpreted as delineating zones where steam injection heating increased the electrical conductivity of the limestone matrix and fluid. The results of this study show the potential of cross-hole radar tomography methods to monitor the effects of steam-induced beating in fractured rock environments. C1 Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Civil Engn, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. US Geol Survey, Branch Geophys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Gregoire, C (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Civil Engn, Kasteelpk Arenberg 40, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. EM c.gregoire@brrc.be NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC GEOSCIENTISTS & ENGINEERS PI 3990 DB, HOUTEN PA PO BOX 59, 3990 DB, HOUTEN, 00000, NETHERLANDS SN 1569-4445 EI 1873-0604 J9 NEAR SURF GEOPHYS JI Near Surf. Geophys. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 4 IS 6 BP 355 EP 365 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 116LY UT WOS:000242805600002 ER PT J AU Haskell, CA Tiffan, KF Rondorf, DW AF Haskell, Craig A. Tiffan, Kenneth F. Rondorf, Dennis W. TI Food habits of juvenile American shad and dynamics of zooplankton in the lower Columbia River SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CHINOOK SALMON; CONNECTICUT RIVER; FEEDING ECOLOGY; ABUNDANCE; LARVAE; FISH AB As many as 2.4 million adult American shad annually pass John Day Dam, Columbia River to spawn upriver, yet food web interactions of juvenile shad rearing in John Day Reservoir are unexplored. We collected zooplankton and conducted mid-water trawls in McNary (June-July) and John Day reservoirs (August-November) from 1994 through 1996 during the outmigration of subyearling American shad and Chinook salmon. Juvenile American shad were abundant and represented over 98% of the trawl catch in late summer. The five major taxa collected in zooplankton tows were Bosmina longirostris, Daphnia, cyclopoid copepods, rotifers, and calanoid copepods. We evaluated total crustacean zooplankton abundance and Daphnia biomass in relation to water temperature, flow, depth, diel period, and cross-sectional location using multiple regression. Differences in zooplankton abundance were largely due to differences in water temperature and flow. Spatial variation in total zooplankton abundance was observed in McNary Reservoir, but not in John Day Reservoir. Juvenile American shad generally fed on numerically abundant prey. despite being less preferred than larger bodied zooplankton. A decrease in cladoceran abundance and size in August coupled with large percentages of Daphnia in juvenile American shad stomachs indicated heavy planktivory. Smaller juvenile American shad primarily fed on Daphnia in August, but switched to more evasive copepods as the mean size of fish increased and Daphnia abundance declined. Because Daphnia are particularly important prey items for subyearling Chinook salmon in mainstem reservoirs in mid to late summer, alterations in the cladoceran food base is of concern for the management of outmigrating salmonids and other Columbia River fishes. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Haskell, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM Craig_Haskell@usgs.gov OI Tiffan, Kenneth/0000-0002-5831-2846 NR 41 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 9 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD WIN PY 2006 VL 80 IS 1 BP 47 EP 64 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 063IX UT WOS:000239013000006 ER PT J AU Acker, SA Franklin, JF Greene, SE Thomas, TB Van Pelt, R Bible, KJ AF Acker, Steven A. Franklin, Jerry F. Greene, Sarah E. Thomas, Ted B. Van Pelt, Robert Bible, Kenneth J. TI Two decades of stability and change in old-growth forest at Mount Rainier National Park SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN OLYMPIC MOUNTAINS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; CASCADE RANGE; WASHINGTON; OREGON AB We examined how composition and structure of old-growth and mature forests at Mount Rainier National Park changed between the mid-1970s and mid-1990s. We assessed whether the patterns of forest dynamics observed in lower elevation old-growth forests in the Pacific Northwest held true for the higher-elevation forests of the Park. We used measurements of tree recruitment, growth, and mortality on 18 permanent plots that spanned the range of forested environments in the Park. Similar to previous studies, there was little change in stand structure and composition, while a relatively large number of individual stems died or were recruited into the tree population. Most recruitment was of shade-tolerant tree species. Unlike some previous studies, in many stands recruitment of shade-tolerant individuals occurred without substantial mortality of shade-tolerant trees in the upper canopy. Habitat characteristics associated with old-growth forest changed little in most stands. One exception was a mature noble fir stand in which a brief episode of tree mortality, apparently due to drought and pathogens, increased similarity to old-growth structure. Plots in old-growth forest on the coldest and wettest sites in the Park had low similarity to the published definition of upper-slope old-growth forest at both the beginning and end of the study, suggesting that the existing definition may not apply at these environmental extremes. C1 Olymp Natl Pk, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Acker, SA (reprint author), Olymp Natl Pk, 600 E Pk Ave, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. EM steve_acker@nps.gov NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD WIN PY 2006 VL 80 IS 1 BP 65 EP 72 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 063IX UT WOS:000239013000007 ER PT J AU Nayegandhi, A Brock, JC Wright, CW O'Connell, MJ AF Nayegandhi, Amar Brock, John C. Wright, C. Wayne O'Connell, Michael J. TI Evaluating a small footprint, waveform-resolving lidar over coastal vegetation communities SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Silviscan 2005 Conference on Lidar Applications in Forest Assessment and Inventory CY SEP 29-OCT 01, 2005 CL Blacksburg, VA ID LASER ALTIMETER; CANOPY STRUCTURE; FOREST; DENSITY; BIOMASS; VOLUME AB NASA's Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL) is a raster-scanning, waveform-resolving, green-wavelength (532 nm) lidar designed to map near-shore bathymetry, topography, and vegetation structure simultaneously. The EAARL sensor records the time history of the return waveform within a small footprint (20 cm diameter) for each laser pulse, enabling characterization of vegetation canopy structure and "bare earth" topography under a variety of vegetation types. A collection of individual waveforms combined within a synthesized large footprint was used to define three metrics: canopy height (CH), canopy reflection ratio (CRR), and height of median energy (HOME). Bare Earth Elevation (BEE) metric was derived using the individual small-footprint waveforms, All four metrics were tested for reproducibility, which resulted in an average of 95 percent correspondence within two standard deviations of the mean. CH and BEE values were also tested for accuracy using ground-truth data. The results presented in this paper show that combining several individual small-footprint laser pulses to define a composite "large-footprint" waveform is a possible method to depict the vertical structure of a vegetation canopy. C1 US Geol Survey, ETI Profess Inc, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Instrumentat Sci Branch, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Nayegandhi, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, ETI Profess Inc, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM anayegandhi@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 72 IS 12 BP 1407 EP 1417 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 113YR UT WOS:000242634400011 ER PT J AU Tegmark, M Eisenstein, DJ Strauss, MA Weinberg, DH Blanton, MR Frieman, JA Fukugita, M Gunn, JE Hamilton, AJS Knapp, GR Nichol, RC Ostriker, JP Padmanabhan, N Percival, WJ Schlegel, DJ Schneider, DP Scoccimarro, R Seljak, U Seo, HJ Swanson, M Szalay, AS Vogeley, MS Yoo, J Zehavi, I Abazajian, K Anderson, SF Annis, J Bahcall, NA Bassett, B Berlind, A Brinkmann, J Budavari, T Castander, F Connolly, A Csabai, I Doi, M Finkbeiner, DP Gillespie, B Glazebrook, K Hennessy, GS Hogg, DW Ivezic, Z Jain, B Johnston, D Kent, S Lamb, DQ Lee, BC Lin, H Loveday, J Lupton, RH Munn, JA Pan, K Park, C Peoples, J Pier, JR Pope, A Richmond, M Rockosi, C Scranton, R Sheth, RK Stebbins, A Stoughton, C Szapudi, I Tucker, DL Vanden Berk, DE Yanny, B York, DG AF Tegmark, Max Eisenstein, Daniel J. Strauss, Michael A. Weinberg, David H. Blanton, Michael R. Frieman, Joshua A. Fukugita, Masataka Gunn, James E. Hamilton, Andrew J. S. Knapp, Gillian R. Nichol, Robert C. Ostriker, Jeremiah P. Padmanabhan, Nikhil Percival, Will J. Schlegel, David J. Schneider, Donald P. Scoccimarro, Roman Seljak, Uros Seo, Hee-Jong Swanson, Molly Szalay, Alexander S. Vogeley, Michael S. Yoo, Jaiyul Zehavi, Idit Abazajian, Kevork Anderson, Scott F. Annis, James Bahcall, Neta A. Bassett, Bruce Berlind, Andreas Brinkmann, Jon Budavari, Tamas Castander, Francisco Connolly, Andrew Csabai, Istvan Doi, Mamoru Finkbeiner, Douglas P. Gillespie, Bruce Glazebrook, Karl Hennessy, Gregory S. Hogg, David W. Ivezic, Zeljko Jain, Bhuvnesh Johnston, David Kent, Stephen Lamb, Donald Q. Lee, Brian C. Lin, Huan Loveday, Jon Lupton, Robert H. Munn, Jeffrey A. Pan, Kaike Park, Changbom Peoples, John Pier, Jeffrey R. Pope, Adrian Richmond, Michael Rockosi, Constance Scranton, Ryan Sheth, Ravi K. Stebbins, Albert Stoughton, Christopher Szapudi, Istvan Tucker, Douglas L. Vanden Berk, Daniel E. Yanny, Brian York, Donald G. TI Cosmological constraints from the SDSS luminous red galaxies SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Review ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; POWER-SPECTRUM ANALYSIS; CFA REDSHIFT SURVEY; MICROWAVE BACKGROUND ANISOTROPIES; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; COSMIC COMPLEMENTARITY; ACOUSTIC-OSCILLATIONS; INFLATIONARY UNIVERSE; EIGENMODE ANALYSIS AB We measure the large-scale real-space power spectrum P(k) using luminous red galaxies (LRGs) in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and use this measurement to sharpen constraints on cosmological parameters from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP). We employ a matrix-based power spectrum estimation method using Pseudo-Karhunen-Loeve eigenmodes, producing uncorrelated minimum-variance measurements in 20 k-bands of both the clustering power and its anisotropy due to redshift-space distortions, with narrow and well-behaved window functions in the range 0.01h/Mpc < k < 0.2h/Mpc. Results from the LRG and main galaxy samples are consistent, with the former providing higher signal-to-noise. Our results are robust to omitting angular and radial density fluctuations and are consistent between different parts of the sky. They provide a striking confirmation of the predicted large-scale Lambda CDM power spectrum. Combining only SDSS LRG and WMAP data places robust constraints on many cosmological parameters that complement prior analyses of multiple data sets. The LRGs provide independent cross-checks on Omega(m) and the baryon fraction in good agreement with WMAP. Within the context of flat Lambda CDM models, our LRG measurements complement WMAP by sharpening the constraints on the matter density, the neutrino density and the tensor amplitude by about a factor of 2, giving Omega(m)=0.24 +/- 0.02 (1 sigma), (95%) and r < 0.3 (95%). Baryon oscillations are clearly detected and provide a robust measurement of the comoving distance to the median survey redshift z=0.35 independent of curvature and dark energy properties. Within the Lambda CDM framework, our power spectrum measurement improves the evidence for spatial flatness, sharpening the curvature constraint Omega(tot)=1.05 +/- 0.05 from WMAP alone to Omega(tot)=1.003 +/- 0.010. Assuming Omega(tot)=1, the equation of state parameter is constrained to w=-0.94 +/- 0.09, indicating the potential for more ambitious future LRG measurements to provide precision tests of the nature of dark energy. All these constraints are essentially independent of scales k > 0.1h/Mpc and associated nonlinear complications, yet agree well with more aggressive published analyses where nonlinear modeling is crucial. C1 MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NYU, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Univ Chicago, Ctr Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetry Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Portsmouth, Inst Cosmol & Gravitat, Portsmouth P01 2EG, Hants, England. Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Abdus Salaam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Astron, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. S African Astron Observ, ZA-7935 Cape Town, South Africa. Univ Cape Town, Dept Appl Math, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. CSIC, Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Astron, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Gatan Inc, Pleasanton, CA 94588 USA. Univ Sussex, Sussex Astron Ctr, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Astron, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Tegmark, M (reprint author), MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Padmanabhan, Nikhil/A-2094-2012; Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; Glazebrook, Karl/N-3488-2015; OI Glazebrook, Karl/0000-0002-3254-9044; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898; Hogg, David/0000-0003-2866-9403; Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729 NR 184 TC 956 Z9 963 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2006 VL 74 IS 12 AR 123507 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.74.123507 PG 34 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 121QJ UT WOS:000243171800028 ER PT J AU Buratti, BJ Sotin, C Brown, RH Hicks, MD Clark, RN Mosher, JA McCord, TB Jaumann, R Baines, KH Nicholson, PD Momary, T Simonelli, DP Sicardy, B AF Buratti, B. J. Sotin, C. Brown, R. H. Hicks, M. D. Clark, R. N. Mosher, J. A. McCord, T. B. Jaumann, R. Baines, K. H. Nicholson, P. D. Momary, T. Simonelli, D. P. Sicardy, B. TI Titan: Preliminary results on surface properties and photometry from VIMS observations of the early flybys SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Titan; Saturnian satellites; Cassini mission ID MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; ROUGHNESS; SATELLITES; CURVE; LIGHT AB Cassini observations of the surface of Titan offer unprecedented views of its surface through atmospheric windows in the 1-5 mu m region. Images obtained in windows for which the haze opacity is low can be used to derive quantitative photometric parameters such as albedo and albedo distribution, and physical properties such as roughness and particle characteristics. Images from the early Titan flybys, particularly TO, Ta, and T5 have been analyzed to create albedo maps in the 2.01 and 2.73 mu m windows. We find the average normal reflectance at these two wavelengths to be 0.15 +/- 0.02 and 0.035 +/- 0.003, respectively. Titan's surface is bifurcated into two albedo regimes, particularly at 2.01 mu m. Analysis of these two regimes to understand the physical character of the surface was accomplished with a macroscopic roughness model. We find that the two types of surface have substantially different roughness, with the low-albedo surface exhibiting mean slope angles of similar to 18 degrees, and the high-albedo terrain having a much more substantial roughness with a mean slope angle of similar to 34 degrees. A single-scattering phase function approximated by a one-term Henyey-Greenstein equation was also fit to each unit. Titan's surface is back-scattering (g similar to 0.3-0.4), and does not exhibit substantially different backscattering behavior between the two terrains. Our results suggest that two distinct geophysical domains exist on Titan: a bright region cut by deep drainage channels and a relatively smooth surface. The two terrains are covered by a film or a coating of particles perhaps precipitated from the satellite's haze layer and transported by eolian processes. Our results are preliminary: more accurate values for the surface albedo and physical parameters will be derived as more data is gathered by the Cassini spacecraft and as a more complete radiative transfer model is developed from both Cassini orbiter and Huygens Lander measurements. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Nantes, F-44072 Nantes 3, France. Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, LPL, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Space Sci Inst, Winthrop, WA 98862 USA. DLR, Inst Planet Expl, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Observ Paris, F-92195 Meudon, France. RP Buratti, BJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mail Stop 183-501, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM bonnie.buratti@jpl.nasa.gov NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 54 IS 15 BP 1498 EP 1509 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2006.06.015 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 117YF UT WOS:000242908500002 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, S Le Mouelic, S Sotin, C Clenet, H Clark, RN Buratti, B Brown, RH McCord, TB Nicholson, PD Baines, KH AF Rodriguez, S. Le Mouelic, S. Sotin, C. Clenet, H. Clark, R. N. Buratti, B. Brown, R. H. McCord, T. B. Nicholson, P. D. Baines, K. H. CA VIMS Science Team TI Cassini/VIMS hyperspectral observations of the HUYGENS landing site on Titan SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Titan; satellites; near-infrared; spectro-imaging; VIMS ID VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; ATMOSPHERE; SURFACE; SPECTROSCOPY; AEROSOLS; DESCENT AB Titan is one of the primary scientific objectives of the NASA-ESA-ASI Cassini-Huygens mission. Scattering by haze particles in Titan's atmosphere and numerous methane absorptions dramatically veil Titan's surface in the visible range, though it can be studied more easily in some narrow infrared windows. The Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) instrument onboard the Cassini spacecraft successfully imaged its surface in the atmospheric windows, taking hyperspectral images in the range 0.4-5.2 mu m. On 26 October (TA flyby) and 13 December 2004 (TB flyby), the Cassini-Huygens mission flew over Titan at an altitude lower than 1200 km at closest approach. We report here on the analysis of VIMS images of the Huygens landing site acquired at TA and TB, with a spatial resolution ranging from 16 to 14.4 km/pixel. The pure atmospheric backscattering component is corrected by using both an empirical method and a first-order theoretical model. Both approaches provide consistent results. After the removal of scattering, ratio images reveal subtle surface heterogeneities. A particularly contrasted structure appears in ratio images involving the 1.59 and 2.03 mu m images north of the Huygens landing site. Although pure water ice cannot be the only component exposed at Titan's surface, this area is consistent with a local enrichment in exposed water ice and seems to be consistent with DISR/Huygens images and spectra interpretations. The images show also a morphological structure that can be interpreted as a 150 km diameter impact crater with a central peak. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nantes, UMR CNRS 6112, Lab Planetol & Geodynam, F-44322 Nantes 3, France. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. CALTECH, JPL, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Rodriguez, S (reprint author), Univ Nantes, UMR CNRS 6112, Lab Planetol & Geodynam, 2 Rue Houssinier,BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes 3, France. EM Sebastien.Rodriguez@univ-nantes.fr RI Clenet, Harold/B-7621-2016; Rodriguez, Sebastien/H-5902-2016 OI Clenet, Harold/0000-0002-6743-7798; Rodriguez, Sebastien/0000-0003-1219-0641 NR 28 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 54 IS 15 BP 1510 EP 1523 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2006.06.016 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 117YF UT WOS:000242908500003 ER PT J AU McCord, TB Hansen, GB Buratti, BJ Clark, RN Cruikshank, DP D'Aversa, E Griffith, CA Baines, EH Brown, RH Ore, CMD Filacchione, G Formisano, V Hibbitts, CA Jaumann, R Lunine, JI Nelson, RM Sotin, C AF McCord, T. B. Hansen, G. B. Buratti, B. J. Clark, R. N. Cruikshank, D. P. D'Aversa, E. Griffith, C. A. Baines, Ex. H. Brown, R. H. Ore, C. M. Dalle Filacchione, G. Formisano, V. Hibbitts, C. A. Jaumann, R. Lunine, J. I. Nelson, R. M. Sotin, C. CA VIMS Team TI Composition of Titan's surface from Cassini VIMS SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE satellites; Titan; surface; composition; Cassini; spectroscopy ID GALILEAN SATELLITES; ATMOSPHERE; IMAGES; MODEL; HAZE; SPECTROSCOPY; THOLINS; SPECTRA; OCEAN; WINDS AB Titan's bulk density along with Solar System formation models indicates considerable water as well as silicates as its major constituents. This satellite's dense atmosphere of nitrogen with methane is unique. Deposits or even oceans of organic compounds have been suggested to exist on Titan's solid surface due to Uv-induced photochemistry in the atmosphere. Thus, the composition of the surface is a major piece of evidence needed to determine Titan's history. However, studies of the surface are hindered by the thick, absorbing, hazy and in some places cloudy atmosphere. Ground-based telescope investigations of the integral disk of Titan attempted to observe the surface albedo in spectral windows between methane absorptions by calculating and removing the haze effects. Their results were reported to be consistent with water ice on the surface that is contaminated with a small amount of dark material, perhaps organic material like tholin. We analyze here the recent Cassini Mission's visual and infrared mapping spectrometer (VIMS) observations that resolve regions on Titan. VIMS is able to see surface features and shows that there are spectral and therefore likely compositional units. By several methods, spectral albedo estimates within methane absorption windows between 0.75 and 5 mu m were obtained for different surface units using VIMS image cubes from the Cassini-Huygens Titan T. encounter. Of the spots studied, there appears to be two compositional classes present that are associated with the lower albedo and the higher albedo materials, with some variety among the brighter regions. These were compared with spectra of several different candidate materials. Our results show that the spectrum of water ice contaminated with a darker material matches the reflectance of the lower albedo Titan regions if the spectral slope from 2.71 to 2.79 mu m in the poorly understood 2.8-mu m methane window is ignored. The spectra for brighter regions are not matched by the spectrum of water ice or unoxidized tholin, in pure form or in mixtures with sufficient ice or tholin present to allow the water ice or tholin spectral features to be discerned. We find that the 2.8-mu m methane absorption window is complex and seems to consist of two weak subwindows at 2.7 and 2.8 mu m that have unknown opacities. A ratio image at these two wavelengths reveals an anomalous region on Titan that has a reflectance unlike any material so far identified, but it is unclear how much the reflectances in these two subwindows pertain to the surface. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Space Sci Inst NW, Winthrop, WA 98862 USA. Univ Washington, Dept E&Sp Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrophys Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. CNR, Inst Fis Spazio Interplanterio, Rome, Italy. Univ Arizona, Dept Pl Sci & LPL, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. DLR, Inst Planet, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. Univ Nantes, F-44072 Nantes 3, France. RP McCord, TB (reprint author), Space Sci Inst NW, 22 Fiddler Rd, Winthrop, WA 98862 USA. EM mccordtb@aol.com RI Hibbitts, Charles/B-7787-2016; OI Hibbitts, Charles/0000-0001-9089-4391; Filacchione, Gianrico/0000-0001-9567-0055; D'Aversa, Emiliano/0000-0002-5842-5867 NR 37 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 54 IS 15 BP 1524 EP 1539 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2006.06.007 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 117YF UT WOS:000242908500004 ER PT J AU Nelson, RM Brown, RH Hapke, BW Smythe, WD Kamp, L Boryta, MD Leader, F Baines, KH Bellucci, G Bibring, JP Buratti, BJ Capaccioni, F Cerroni, P Clark, RN Combes, M Coradini, A Cruikshank, DP Drossart, P Formisano, V Jaumann, R Langevin, Y Matson, DL McCord, TB Mennella, V Nicholson, PD Sicardy, B Sotin, C AF Nelson, R. M. Brown, R. H. Hapke, B. W. Smythe, W. D. Kamp, L. Boryta, M. D. Leader, F. Baines, K. H. Bellucci, G. Bibring, J. -P. Buratti, B. J. Capaccioni, F. Cerroni, P. Clark, R. N. Combes, M. Coradini, A. Cruikshank, D. P. Drossart, P. Formisano, V. Jaumann, R. Langevin, Y. Matson, D. L. McCord, T. B. Mennella, V. Nicholson, P. D. Sicardy, B. Sotin, C. TI Photometric properties of Titan's surface from Cassini VIMS: Relevance to titan's hemispherical albedo dichotomy and surface stability SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Titan; Cassini; Satrunian satellites ID ATMOSPHERE; EMISSION; ORGANICS; IMAGES; EJECTA; MELT AB The Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) instrument on the Cassini Saturn Orbiter returned spectral imaging data as the spacecraft undertook six close encounters with Titan beginning 7 July, 2004. Three of these flybys each produced overlapping coverage of two distinct regions of Titan's surface. Twenty-four points were selected on approximately opposite hemispheres to serve as photometric controls. Six points were selected in each of four reflectance classes. On one hemisphere each control point was observed at three distinct phase angles. From the derived phase coefficients, preliminary normal reflectances were derived for each reflectance class. The normal reflectance of Titan's surface units at 2.0178 mu m ranged from 0.079 to 0.185 for the most absorbing to the most reflective units assuming no contribution from absorbing haze. When a modest haze contribution of tau = 0.1 is considered these numbers increase to 0.089-0.215. We find that the lowest three reflectance classes have comparable normal reflectance on either hemisphere. However, for the highest brightness class the normal reflectance is higher on the hemisphere encompassing longitude 14-65 degrees compared to the same high brightness class for the hemisphere encompassing 122-156 degrees longitude. We conclude that an albedo dichotomy observed in continental sized units on Titan is due not only to one unit having more areal coverage of reflective material than the other but the material on the brighter unit is intrinsically more reflective than the most reflective material on the other unit. This suggests that surface renewal processes are more widespread on Titan's more reflective units than on its less reflective units. We note that one of our photometric control points has increased in reflectance by 12% relative to the surrounding terrain from July of 2004 to April and May of 2005. Possible causes of this effect include atmospheric processes such as ground fog or orographic clouds; the suggestion of active volcanism cannot be ruled out. Several interesting circular features which resembled impact craters were identified on Titan's surface at the time of the initial Titan flyby in July of 2004. We traced photometric profiles through two of these candidate craters and attempted to fit these profiles to the photometric properties expected from model depressions. We find that the best-fit attempt to model these features as craters requires that they be unrealistically deep, approximately 70 km deep. We conclude that despite their appearance, these circular features are not craters, however, the possibility that they are palimpsests cannot be ruled out. We used two methods to test for the presence of vast expanses of liquids on Titan's surface that had been suggested to resemble oceans. Specular reflection of sunlight would be indicative of widespread liquids on the surface; we found no evidence of this. A large liquid body should also show uniformity in photometric profile; we found the profiles to be highly variable. The lack of specular reflection and the high photometric variability in the profiles across candidate oceans is inconsistent with the presence of vast expanses of flat-lying liquids on Titan's surface. While liquid accumulation may be present as small, sub-pixel-sized bodies, or in areas of the surface which still remain to be observed by VIMS, the presence of large ocean-sized accumulations of liquids can be ruled out. The Cassini orbital tour offers the opportunity for VIMS to image the same parts of Titan's surface repeatedly at many different illumination and observation geometries. This creates the possibility of understanding the properties of Titan's atmosphere and haze by iteratively adapting models to create a best fit to the surface reflectance properties. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, JPL, Pasadena, CA USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Mt San Antonio Coll, Walnut, CA USA. Univ Paris 11, Orsay, France. USGS, Denver, CO USA. Observ Paris, Meudon, France. NASA, AMES, Mountain View, CA USA. DLR, Inst Planetary Explorat, Berlin, Germany. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Nantes, F-44035 Nantes, France. RP Nelson, RM (reprint author), NASA, JPL, Pasadena, CA USA. EM robert.m.nelson@jpl.nasa.gov OI Capaccioni, Fabrizio/0000-0003-1631-4314; Cerroni, Priscilla/0000-0003-0239-2741; Bellucci, Giancarlo/0000-0003-0867-8679 NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 54 IS 15 BP 1540 EP 1551 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2006.06.014 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 117YF UT WOS:000242908500005 ER PT J AU Baines, KH Drossart, P Lopez-Valverde, MA Atreya, SK Sotin, C Momary, TW Brown, RH Buratti, BJ Clark, RN Nicholson, PD AF Baines, Kevin H. Drossart, Pierre Lopez-Valverde, Miguel A. Atreya, Sushil K. Sotin, Christophe Momary, Thomas W. Brown, Robert H. Buratti, Bonnie J. Clark, Roger N. Nicholson, Philip D. TI On the discovery of CO nighttime emissions on Titan by Cassini/VIMS: Derived stratospheric abundances and geological implications SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cassini; VIMS; Titan; CO; volcanism ID VOYAGER INFRARED OBSERVATIONS; SUBMILLIMETER HETERODYNE OBSERVATIONS; MIXED VERTICAL PROFILE; CARBON-MONOXIDE; ATMOSPHERE; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; SURFACE; CONSTITUENTS; HYDROCARBONS; MILLIMETER AB We present a quantitative analysis of CO thermal emissions discovered on the nightside of Titan by Baines et al. [2005. The atmospheres of Saturn and Titan in the near-infrared: First results of Cassini/VIMS. Earth, Moon, and Planets, 96, 119-147]. in Cassini/VIMS spectral imagery. We identify these emission features as the P and R branches of the 1-0 vibrational band of carbon monoxide (CO) near 4.65 mu m. For CH3D, the prominent Q branch of the nu(2) fundamental band of CH3D near 4.55 mu m is apparent. CO2 emissions from the strong nu(3) vibrational band are virtually absent, indicating a CO2 abundance several orders of magnitude less than CO, in agreement with previous investigations. Analysis of CO emission spectra obtained over a variety of altitudes on Titan's nightside limb indicates that the stratospheric abundance of CO is 32 +/- 15 ppm, and together with other recent determinations, suggests a vertical distribution of CO nearly constant at this value from the surface throughout the troposphere to at least the stratopause near 300 kin altitude. The corresponding total atmospheric content of CO in Titan is similar to 2.9 +/- 1.5 x 10(14) kg. Given the long lifetime of CO in the oxygen-poor Titan atmosphere (similar to 0.5-1.0 Gyr), we find a mean CO atmospheric production rate of 6 +/- 3 x 105 kg yr(-1). Given the lack of primordial heavy noble gases observed by Huygens [Niemann et al., 2005. The abundances of constituents of Titan's atmosphere from the GCMS on the Huygens probe. Nature, 438, 779-784], the primary source of atmospheric CO is likely surface emissions. The implied CO/CH4 mixing ratio of near-surface material is 1.8 +/- 0.9 X 10(-4), based on an average methane surface emission rate over the past 0.5Gyr of 1.3 x 10(-13) gm cm(-2) s(-1) as required to balance hydrocarbon haze production via methane photolysis [Wilson and Atreya, 2004. Current state of modeling the photochemistry of Titan's mutually dependent atmosphere and ionosphere. J. Geophys. Res. 109, E06002 Doi: 10.1029/2003JE002181]. This low CO/CH4 ratio is much lower than expected for the sub-nebular formation region of Titan and supports the hypothesis [e.g., Atreya et al., 2005. Methane on Titan: photochemical-meteorological-hydrogeochemical cycle. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 37, 735] that the conversion of primordial CO and other carbon-bearing materials into CH4-enriched clathrate-hydrates occurs within the deep interior of Titan via the release of hydrogen through the serpentinization process followed by Fischer-Tropsch catalysis. The time-averaged predicted emission rate of methane-rich surface materials is similar to 0.02km(3) yr(-1), a value significantly lower than the rate of silicate lava production for the Earth and Venus, but nonetheless indicative of significant active geological processes reshaping the surface of Titan. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Observ Paris, CNRS UMR 8109, LESIA, Meudon, France. Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18080 Granada, Spain. Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Nantes, UMR CNRS 6112, Fac Sci, Lab Planetol & Geodynam, F-44072 Nantes 03, France. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Baines, KH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, M-S 183-601,183-601,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM kbaines@aloha.jpl.nasa.gov; Pierre.Drossart@obspm.fr; valverde@iaa.es; atreya@umich.edu; sotin@chimie.univ-nantes.fr; momary@mail1.jpl.nasa.gov; rhb@lpl.arizona.edu; bonnie.buratti@jpl.nasa.gov; rclark@usgs.gov; nicholso@astro.cornell.edu OI Lopez-Valverde, M. A./0000-0002-7989-4267 NR 43 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 54 IS 15 BP 1552 EP 1562 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2006.06.020 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 117YF UT WOS:000242908500006 ER PT J AU Konisky, RA Burdick, DM Dionne, M Neckles, HA AF Konisky, Raymond A. Burdick, David M. Dionne, Michele Neckles, Hilary A. TI A regional assessment of salt marsh restoration and monitoring in the Gulf of Maine SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE estuary; monitoring protocol; regional assessment; salt marsh; tidal restoration ID TIDAL RESTORATION; NEW-ENGLAND; WATER-QUALITY; BAY ESTUARY; VEGETATION; DETERMINANTS; NETHERLANDS; MANAGEMENT AB We compiled salt marsh monitoring datasets from 36 complete or imminent restoration projects in the Gulf of Maine to assess regional monitoring and restoration practices. Data were organized by functional indicators and restoration project types (culvert replacement, excavation works, or ditch plugging) then pooled to generate mean values for indicators before restoration, after restoration, and at reference sites. Monitoring data were checked against the regional standards of a voluntary protocol for the Gulf of Maine. Data inventories showed that vegetation and salinity indicators were most frequently collected (89 and 78% of sites, respectively), whereas nekton, bird, and hydrologic measures were collected at only about half of the sites. Reference conditions were monitored at 72% of sites. Indicators were analyzed to see if project sites were degraded relative to reference areas and to detect ecological responses to restoration activities. Results showed that compared to reference areas, prerestoration sites had smaller tidal ranges, reduced salinity levels, greater cover of brackish plants species, and lower cover of halophyte plants. Following restoration, physical factors rebounded rapidly with increased flood and salinity levels after about one year, especially for culvert projects. Biological responses were less definitive and occurred over longer time frames. Plant communities trended toward recovered halophytes and reduced brackish species at 3+ years following restoration. Nekton and avian indicators were indistinguishable among reference, impacted, and restored areas. The protocol was successful in demonstrating restoration response for the region, but results were limited by regional inconsistencies in field practices and relatively few multiyear datasets. To improve future assessment capabilities, we encourage greater adherence to the standard protocol throughout the Gulf of Maine salt marsh restoration community. C1 Wells Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, Wells, ME 04090 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Jackson Estuarine Lab, Durham, NH 03824 USA. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. RP Konisky, RA (reprint author), Wells Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, 342 Laudholm Farm Rd, Wells, ME 04090 USA. EM rkonisky@wellsnerr.org NR 30 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 54 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 14 IS 4 BP 516 EP 525 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2006.00163.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 108KP UT WOS:000242239000005 ER PT J AU Mesa, MG Magie, CD AF Mesa, Matthew G. Magie, Cynthia D. TI Evaluation of energy expenditure in adult spring Chinook salmon migrating upstream in the Columbia River Basin: An assessment based on sequential proximate analysis SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE energetics; Chinook salmon; Columbia River; hydroelectric dams; proximate analysis; lipid; protein; passive integrated transponder tags ID SOCKEYE-SALMON; SALAR; COST AB The upstream migration of adult anadromous salmonids in the Columbia River Basin (CRB) has been dramatically altered and fish may be experiencing energetically costly delays at dams. To explore this notion, we estimated the energetic costs of migration and reproduction of Yakima River-bound spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha using a sequential analysis of their proximate composition (i.e., percent water, fat, protein, and ash). Tissues (muscle, viscera, and gonad) were sampled from fish near the start of their migration (Bonneville Dam), at a mid point (Roza Dam, 510km upstream from Bonneville Dam) and from fresh carcasses on the spawning grounds (about 100 km above Roza Dam). At Bonneville Dam, the energy reserves of these fish were remarkably high, primarily due to the high percentage of fat in the muscle (18-20%; energy content over I I U g(-1)). The median travel time for fish from Bonneville to Roza Dam was 27 d and ranged from 18 to 42 d. Fish lost from 6 to 17% of their energy density in muscle, depending on travel time. On average, fish taking a relatively long time for migration between dams used from 5 to 8% more energy from the muscle than faster fish. From the time they passed Bonneville Dam to death, these fish, depending on gender, used 95-99% of their muscle and 73-86% of their visceral lipid stores. Also, both sexes used about 32% of their muscular and very little of their visceral protein stores. However, we were unable to relate energy use and reproductive success to migration history. Our results suggest a possible influence of the CRB hydroelectric system on adult salmonid energetics. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Discipline, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Mesa, MG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Discipline, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501-A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM matt_mesa@usgs.gov NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 17 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 22 IS 10 BP 1085 EP 1095 DI 10.1002/rra.955 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 118BY UT WOS:000242918200002 ER PT J AU Zhou, GY Liu, SG Li, Z Zhang, DQ Tang, XL Zhou, CY Yan, JH Mo, JM AF Zhou, Guoyi Liu, Shuguang Li, Zhian Zhang, Deqiang Tang, Xuli Zhou, Chuanyan Yan, Junhua Mo, Jiangming TI Old-growth forests can accumulate carbon in soils SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-CARBON; CLIMATE-CHANGE C1 Chinese Acad Sci, S China Bot Garden, Guangzhou 510650, Peoples R China. US Geol Survey, SAIC, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Zhou, GY (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, S China Bot Garden, Guangzhou 510650, Peoples R China. EM gyzhou@scib.ac.cn NR 7 TC 176 Z9 255 U1 30 U2 160 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 314 IS 5804 BP 1417 EP 1417 DI 10.1126/science.1130168 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 110UF UT WOS:000242406100030 PM 17138894 ER PT J AU Lee, CJ Rasmussen, TJ AF Lee, Casey J. Rasmussen, T. J. TI Occurrence of organic wastewater compounds in effluent-dominated streams in Northeastern Kansas SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE wastewater; activated sludge; trickling filter; urbanization; detergent surfactants; DEET ID SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; PHARMACEUTICALS; ESTROGENICITY; HORMONES; RIVER; US AB Fifty-nine stream-water samples and 14 municipal wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) discharge samples in Johnson County, northeastern Kansas, were analyzed for 55 compounds collectively described as organic wastewater compounds (OWCs). Stream-water samples were collected upstream, in, and downstream from WWTF discharges in urban and rural areas during base-flow conditions. The effect of secondary treatment processes on OWC occurrence was evaluated by collecting eight samples from WWTF discharges using activated sludge and six from WWTFs samples using trickling filter treatment processes. Samples collected directly from WWTF discharges contained the largest concentrations of most OWCs in this study. Samples from trickling filter discharges had significantly larger concentrations of many OWCs (p-value < 0.05) compared to samples collected from activated sludge discharges. OWC concentrations decreased significantly in samples from WWTF discharges compared to stream-water samples collected from sites greater than 2000 m downstream. Upstream from WWTF discharges, base-flow samples collected in streams draining predominantly urban watersheds had significantly larger concentrations of cumulative OWCs (p-value=0.03), caffeine (p-value=0.01), and tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (p-value < 0.01) than those collected downstream from more rural watersheds. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RP Lee, CJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4821 Quail Crest Pl, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. EM cjlee@usgs.gov NR 23 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 5 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 371 IS 1-3 BP 258 EP 269 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.07.023 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 111DH UT WOS:000242431100026 PM 16935319 ER PT J AU Barnhardt, WA Sherrod, BL AF Barnhardt, Walter A. Sherrod, Brian L. TI Evolution of a Holocene delta driven by episodic sediment delivery and coseismic deformation, Puget Sound, Washington, USA SO SEDIMENTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE earthquake; ground-penetrating radar; Mount Rainier; multibeam bathymetry; Puget Sound delta ID GROUND-PENETRATING-RADAR; ICE-SHEET GLACIATION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; STRATIGRAPHY; SUBSIDENCE; LOWLAND AB Episodic, large-volume pulses of volcaniclastic sediment and coseismic subsidence of the coast have influenced the development of a late Holocene delta at southern Puget Sound. Multibeam bathymetry, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and vibracores were used to investigate the morphologic and stratigraphic evolution of the Nisqually River delta. Two fluvial-deltaic facies are recognized on the basis of CPR data and sedimentary characteristics in cores, which suggest partial emplacement from sediment-rich floods that originated on Mount Rainier. Facies S consists of stacked, sheet-like deposits of andesitic sand up to 4 m thick that are continuous across the entire width of the delta. Flat-lying, highly reflective surfaces separate the sand sheets and comprise important facies boundaries. Beds of massive, pumice- and charcoal-rich sand overlie one of the buried surfaces. Organic-rich material from that surface, beneath the massive sand, yielded a radiocarbon age that is time-correlative with a series of known eruptive events that generated lahars in the upper Nisqually River valley. Facies CF consists of linear sandbodies or palaeochannels incised into facies S on the lower delta plain. Radiocarbon ages of wood fragments in the sandy channel-fill deposits also correlate in time to lahar deposits in upstream areas. Intrusive, sand-filled dikes and sills indicate liquefaction caused by post-depositional ground shaking related to earthquakes. Continued progradation of the delta into Puget Sound is currently balanced by tidal-current reworking, which redistributes sediment into large fields of ebb- and flood-oriented bedforms. C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Barnhardt, WA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM wbarnhardt@usgs.gov NR 47 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0037-0746 J9 SEDIMENTOLOGY JI Sedimentology PD DEC PY 2006 VL 53 IS 6 BP 1211 EP 1228 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3091.2006.00809.x PG 18 WC Geology SC Geology GA 119GK UT WOS:000243000600002 ER PT J AU Fildani, A Normark, WR Kostic, S Parker, G AF Fildani, Andrea Normark, William R. Kostic, Svetlana Parker, Gary TI Channel formation by flow stripping: large-scale scour features along the Monterey East Channel and their relation to sediment waves SO SEDIMENTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cyclic steps; deep-water channel formation; flow stripping; megascours; numerical modeling; sediment waves; turbidity currents ID NAVY SUBMARINE FAN; TURBIDITY CURRENTS; ERODIBLE BED; CALIFORNIA BORDERLAND; PART 1; SAND; CANYON; RECONSTRUCTION; ENTRAINMENT; SUSPENSION AB The Monterey East system is formed by large-scale sediment waves deposited as a result of flows stripped from the deeply incised Monterey fan valley (Monterey Channel) at the apex of the Shepard Meander. The system is dissected by a linear series of steps that take the form of scour-shaped depressions ranging from 3.5 to 4.5 km in width, 3 to 6 km in length and from 80 to 200 m in depth. These giant scours are aligned downstream from a breech in the levee on the southern side of the Shepard Meander. The floor of the breech is only 150 m above the floor of the Monterey fan valley but more than 100 m. below the levee crests resulting in significant flow stripping. Numerical modeling suggests that the steps in the Monterey East system were created by Froude-supercritical turbidity currents stripped from the main flow in the Monterey channel itself. Froude-supercritical flow over an erodible bed can be subject to an instability that gives rise to the formation of cyclic steps, i.e. trains of upstream-migrating steps bounded upstream and downstream by hydraulic jumps in the flow above them. The flow that creates these steps may be net-erosional or net-depositional. In the former case it gives rise to trains of scours such as those in the Monterey East system, and in the latter case it gives rise to the familiar trains of upstream-migrating sediment waves commonly seen on submarine levees. The Monterey East system provides a unique opportunity to introduce the concept of cyclic steps in the submarine environment to study processes that might result in channel initiation on modern submarine fans. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Minnesota, St Anthony Falls Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. RP Fildani, A (reprint author), Chevron ETC, San Ramon, CA 94583 USA. EM andf@chevrontexaco.com RI Fildani, Andrea/E-5956-2011 NR 57 TC 109 Z9 109 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0037-0746 J9 SEDIMENTOLOGY JI Sedimentology PD DEC PY 2006 VL 53 IS 6 BP 1265 EP 1287 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3091.2006.00812.x PG 23 WC Geology SC Geology GA 119GK UT WOS:000243000600004 ER PT J AU Beveridge, C Kocurek, G Ewing, RC Lancaster, N Morthekai, P Singhvi, AK Mahan, SA AF Beveridge, Carrie Kocurek, Gary Ewing, Ryan C. Lancaster, Nicholas Morthekai, P. Singhvi, Ashok K. Mahan, Shannon A. TI Development of spatially diverse and complex dune-field patterns: Gran Desierto Dune Field, Sonora, Mexico SO SEDIMENTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aeolian; dune patterns; Gran Desierto; Mexico; quaternary; Sonora Desert ID DIRECTIONALLY VARYING FLOWS; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; SOUTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA; VEGETATION COVER; NORTH-AMERICA; SAND-SEA; DYNAMICS; DESERT; SIMULATIONS; ALIGNMENT AB The pattern of dunes within the Gran Desierto of Sonora, Mexico, is both spatially diverse and complex. Identification of the pattern components from remote-sensing images, combined with statistical analysis of their measured parameters demonstrate that the composite pattern consists of separate populations of simple dune patterns. Age-bracketing by optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) indicates that the simple patterns represent relatively short-lived aeolian constructional events since similar to 25 ka. The simple dune patterns consist of: (i) late Pleistocene relict linear dunes; (ii) degraded crescentic dunes formed at similar to 12 ka; (iii) early Holocene western crescentic dunes; (iv) eastern crescentic dunes emplaced at similar to 7 ka; and (v) star dunes formed during the last 3 ka. Recognition of the simple patterns and their ages allows for the geomorphic backstripping of the composite pattern. Palaeowind reconstructions, based upon the rule of gross bedform-normal transport, are largely in agreement with regional proxy data. The sediment state over time for the Gran Desierto is one in which the sediment supply for aeolian constructional events is derived from previously stored sediment (Ancestral Colorado River sediment), and contemporaneous influx from the lower Colorado River valley and coastal influx from the Bahia del Adair inlet. Aeolian constructional events are triggered by climatic shifts to greater aridity, changes in the wind regime, and the development of a sediment supply. The rate of geomorphic change within the Gran Desierto is significantly greater than the rate of subsidence and burial of the accumulation surface upon which it rests. C1 Univ Texas, Jackson Sch Geosci, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Div Earth & Ecosyst Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Phys Res Lab, Planetary & Geosci Div, Ahmadabad 380009, Gujarat, India. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Beveridge, C (reprint author), Univ Texas, Jackson Sch Geosci, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM garyk@mail.utexas.edu OI Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774 NR 48 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0037-0746 J9 SEDIMENTOLOGY JI Sedimentology PD DEC PY 2006 VL 53 IS 6 BP 1391 EP 1409 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3091.2006.00814.x PG 19 WC Geology SC Geology GA 119GK UT WOS:000243000600010 ER PT J AU Tan, ZX Lal, R Liu, SG AF Tan, Zhengxi Lal, Rattan Liu, Shuguang TI Using experimental and geospatial data to estimate regional carbon sequestration potential under no-till management SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE carbon sequestration rate; conventional tillage; cropland; no-till; soil organic carbon pool ID SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; LAND-USE; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; C SEQUESTRATION; IMPACTS; MATTER; CORN; MITIGATION; DYNAMICS AB Conservation management of croplands at the plot scale has demonstrated a great potential to mitigate the greenhouse effect through sequestration of atmospheric carbon (C) into soil. This study estimated the potential of soil to sequester C through the conversion of croplands from conventional tillage (CT) to no-till (NT) in the East Central United States between 1992 and 2012. This study used the baseline soil organic C (SOC) pool (SOCP) inventory and the empirical models that describe the relationships of the SOCP under CT and NT, respectively, to their baseline SOCP in the upper 30-cm depth of soil. The baseline SOCP were obtained from the State Soil Geographic database, and the cropland distribution map was generated from the 1992 National Land Cover Database. The results indicate that if all the croplands under CT in 1992 were converted to NT, the SOCP would increase by 16.8% by 2012, which results in a total C sink of 136 Tg after 20 years. A greater sequestration rate would occur in soils with lower baseline SOCP, but the sink strength would be weaker with increasing SOCP levels. The CT-induced C sources tend to become larger in soils with higher baseline levels, which can be significantly reduced by adopting NT. We conclude that baseline SOC contents are an indicator of C sequestration potential with NT practices. C1 Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. US Geol Survey, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Ctr Earth Resources Observat Sci, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Tan, ZX (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM ztan@usgs.gov RI daorui, han/G-3767-2011; Lal, Rattan/D-2505-2013; OI Tan, Zhengxi/0000-0002-4136-0921 NR 41 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 15 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 171 IS 12 BP 950 EP 959 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000235845.17826.10 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 117PT UT WOS:000242886000004 ER PT J AU Rathje, E Kayen, R Woo, KS AF Rathje, Ellen Kayen, Robert Woo, Kyu-Seok TI Remote sensing observations of landslides and ground deformation from the 2004 Niigata Ken Chuetsu earthquake SO SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS LA English DT Article DE case history; deformation; earthquake damage; landslide; remote sensing (IGC : C1/E6) AB In recent years, major developments in remote sensing have made it possible to use these technologies to document the effects of earthquakes. Specifically, high-resolution satellite imagery and three-dimensional laser scanning (LIDAR) can provide important observations of earthquake damage that supplement traditional observations from field reconnaissance. The 2004 Niigata Ken Chuetsu earthquake provided an opportunity to use remote sensing to document the distribution of landslides in the epicentral region through the use of high-resolution satellite imagery and to document the detailed three-dimensional geometries of several failures using LIDAR. The satellite imagery was acquired the day after the earthquake, but at very large acquisition angles that resulted in image distortion. Nonetheless, the satellite imagery accurately identified the landslide distribution in the epicentral region, although the total area of landslides was underestimated by about 25% as compared with traditional aerial reconnaissance because of the large acquisition angle for the satellite imagery. Terrestrial LIDAR was used to collect three-dimensional data at several failure sites, including two large rock slides and a railroad tunnel portal affected by ground deformation. The LIDAR data allowed for precise measurement of failure deformations and geometries, and provided digital terrain models that could be archived and used in future analyses. In the future, satellite imagery and LIDAR, as well as other remote sensing technologies, will play an increasing role in documenting and understanding the effects of earthquakes. C1 Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Rathje, E (reprint author), Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU JAPANESE GEOTECHNICAL SOC PI TOKYO PA SUGAYAMA BLDG 4F, KANDA AWAJI-CHO 2-23, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0063, JAPAN SN 0038-0806 J9 SOILS FOUND JI Soils Found. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 46 IS 6 BP 831 EP 842 DI 10.3208/sandf.46.831 PG 12 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 136VX UT WOS:000244253300012 ER PT J AU Manley, DG Radke, WR AF Manley, Donald G. Radke, William R. TI Velvet ants (Hymenoptera : Mutillidae) of the Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico, with descriptions of new species SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SYNONYMY AB Velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of the Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge were collected and studied over a 4-year period (1996 to 1999). The study resulted in the collection of at least 52 species in 6 genera. It also resulted in the discovery and description of the previously unknown male of Dasymutilla calorata Mickel, plus the discovery and description of 2 new species. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol Soils & Plant Sci, Pee Dee Res & Educ Ctr, Florence, SC 29506 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, San Bernardino Leslie Canyon Natl Wildlife Refuge, Douglas, AZ 85608 USA. RP Manley, DG (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol Soils & Plant Sci, Pee Dee Res & Educ Ctr, 2200 Pocket Rd, Florence, SC 29506 USA. EM dmanley@clemson.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 51 IS 4 BP 536 EP 541 DI 10.1894/0038-4909(2006)51[536:VAHMOT]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 130BL UT WOS:000243774000012 ER PT J AU Nichols, JD Williams, BK AF Nichols, James D. Williams, Byron K. TI Monitoring for conservation SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Review ID BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY; UNCERTAINTY; ABUNDANCE AB Human-mediated environmental changes have resulted in appropriate concern for the conservation of ecological systems and have led to the development of many ecological monitoring programs worldwide. Many programs that are identified with the purpose of 'surveillance' represent an inefficient use of conservation funds and effort. Here, we revisit the 1964 paper by Platt and argue that his recommendations about the conduct of science are equally relevant to the conduct of ecological monitoring programs. In particular, we argue that monitoring should not be viewed as a stand-alone activity, but instead as a component of a larger process of either conservation-oriented science or management. Corresponding changes in monitoring focus and design would lead to substantial increases in the efficiency and usefulness of monitoring results in conservation. C1 USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. USGS, Cooperat Res Unitd, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Nichols, JD (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM jnichols@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 394 Z9 415 U1 17 U2 176 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 21 IS 12 BP 668 EP 673 DI 10.1016/j.tree.2006.08.007 PG 6 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 116IA UT WOS:000242794600007 PM 16919361 ER PT J AU Knowles, S Hrubec, TC Smith, SA Bakal, RS AF Knowles, Susan Hrubec, Terry C. Smith, Stephen A. Bakal, Robert S. TI Hematology and plasma chemistry reference intervals for cultured shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum) SO VETERINARY CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acipenser; clinical chemistry; hematology; reference intervals; sturgeon ID HYBRID STRIPED BASS; X-MORONE-SAXATILIS; SERUM BIOCHEMICAL PROFILES; TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; ETHYLENEDIAMINE TETRAACETATE; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; FISH BLOOD; HEPARIN; RANGES AB Background: The shortnose sturgeon, Acipenser brevirostrum, is an imperiled species distributed along the Atlantic coast of North America. Interest in replenishing wild stocks with hatchery-reared fish has created a need for accurate hematologic and biochemical reference intervals to evaluate the, health of both fish raised in aquaculture systems and fish in the wild. Objectives: The objective of this study was to generate hematologic and biochemistry reference intervals for healthy shortnose sturgeon. Methods: Blood samples were collected in heparinized tubes from 77 shortnose sturgeon raised in flow-through aquaculture systems. Whole blood and plasma samples were analyzed for hematologic and biochemical variables using standard techniques. Reference intervals were calculated as the central 95% (percentile) of data. Results: Hematologic reference intervals (n=46) were as follows: PCV 26-46%, hemoglobin 5.7-8.7 g/dL, MCV 307-520 fL, MCH 65.9-107.1 pg, MCHC 15-30 g/dL, plasma proteins (refractometry) 2.8-6.0 g/dL, RBC count 0.65-1.09 X 10(6)/mu L, total WBC count 28,376-90,789/mu L, small lymphocytes 9063-56,656/mu L, large lymphocytes 2122-10,435/mu L, neutrophils 3758-33,592/mu L, monocytes 0-7137/mu L, eosinophils 0-1544/mu L, thrombocyte-like cells 6863-23,046/mu L, thrombocytes 32,205-122,179/mu L, and neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio 0.068-1.026. Plasma chemistry reference intervals (n=77) were as follows: total protein 2.7-5.3 g/dL, albumin 0.8-1.7 g/dL, globulins 1.8-3.7 mg/dL, creatinine 0-1.4 mg/dL, total bilirubin 0-0.1 mg/dL, alkaline phosphatase 47-497 U/L, aspartate aminotransferase 90-311 U/L, sodium 124-141 mmol/L, potassium 2.9-3.7 mmol/L, chloride 106-121 mmol/L, calcium 6.6-12.1 mg/dL, magnesium 1.6-2.3 mg/dL, phosphorus 5.1-8.1 mg/dL, glucose 37-74 mg/dL, cholesterol 42-133 mg/dL, and osmolality 232-289 mOsm/kg. Conclusion: Reference values reported here will be useful for the early detection, identification, and monitoring of disease and sublethal conditions in cultured shortnose sturgeon. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Aquat Med Lab, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. E Via Virginia Coll Osteopath Med, Dept Biomed Sci, Blacksburg, VA USA. Warm Springs Reg Fish Hlth Ctr, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Warm Springs, GA USA. RP Smith, SA (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Aquat Med Lab, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM stsmith7@vt.edu OI Knowles, Susan/0000-0002-0254-6491 NR 46 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC VETERINARY CLINICAL PATHOLOGY PI BATON ROUGE PA LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, SCHOOL VETERINARY MED, DEPT VETERINARY PATHOLOGY, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803 USA SN 0275-6382 J9 VET CLIN PATH JI Vet. Clin. Pathol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 434 EP 440 DI 10.1111/j.1939-165X.2006.tb00160.x PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 116HC UT WOS:000242792100008 PM 17123250 ER PT J AU Romano, MD Piatt, JF Roby, DD AF Romano, Marc D. Piatt, John F. Roby, Daniel D. TI Testing the junk-food hypothesis on marine birds: Effects of prey type on growth and development SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE chick growth; forage fish; Black-legged Kittiwake; lipid; Tufted Puffin ID KITTIWAKE RISSA-TRIDACTYLA; BLACK-LEGGED KITTIWAKES; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; PIGEON GUILLEMOTS; POSTNATAL-GROWTH; ENERGY DENSITY; FORAGE FISHES; HATCHING DATE; PUFFIN CHICKS AB The junk-food hypothesis attributes declines in productivity of marine birds and mammals to changes in the species of prey they consume and corresponding differences in nutritional quality of those prey. To test this hypothesis nestling Black-legged Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) and Tufted Puffins (Fratprcula cirrhata) were raised in captivity under controlled conditions to determine whether the type and quality of fish consumed by Young seabirds constrains their growth and development. Some nestlings were fed rations of Capelin (Mallotus villosus), Her ring (Clupea pallasi) or Sand Lance (Ammodyles hexapterus) and their growth was compared with nestlings raised on equal biomass rations of Walleye Pollock (Theragra chalcograma). Nestlings fed rations of herring, sand lance, or capelin experienced higher growth increments than nestlings fed pollock. The energy density of forage fish fed to nestlings had a marked effect on growth increments and could be expected to have an effect on pre- and post-fledging survival of nestlings in the wild. These results provide empirical support for the junk-food hypothesis. Received 25 March 2006, accepted 21 July 2006. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Alaska Sci Ctr, Marrowstone Marine Stn, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Romano, MD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resouces Div, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM MRomano@usgs.gov NR 43 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 20 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD DEC PY 2006 VL 29 IS 4 BP 407 EP 414 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2006)29[407:TTJHOM]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 126ZR UT WOS:000243554800001 ER PT J AU Lor, S Malecki, RA AF Lor, Socheata Malecki, Richard A. TI Breeding ecology and nesting habitat associations of five marsh bird species in western New York SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE American Bittern; Botaurus lentiginosus; Ixobrychus exilis; habitat; Least Bittern; nest success; Pied-billed Grebe; Podilymbus podiceps; Porzana carolina; Rallus limicola; Sora; Virginia Rail ID PIED-BILLED GREBES; VIRGINIA RAILS; SELECTION; SORAS; SIZE AB Nesting habitats and nest success of five species of marsh birds were studied during 1997 and 1998 at the Iroquois National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) and the adjacent Oak Orchard and Tonawanda State Wildlife Management Areas (WMA) located in western New York. Nest searches located 18 American Bittern (Botaurus lentiginosus), 117 Least Bittern (Ixobrychus exilis), 189 Pied-billed Grebe (Podilymbus podiceps), 23 Sora (Porzana carolina), and 72 Virginia Rail (Rallus limicola) nests. Average nest densities in 1998, our best nest searching year, ranged from 0.01/ha for Soras (N = 8) to 0.28/ha for Pied-billed Grebes (N = 160). Mayfield nest success estimates for Least Bittern were 80% (N = 16) in 1997 and 46% (N = 37) in 1998. Nest success estimates were 72% (N = 55) for Pied-billed Grebe, 43% (N = 6) for Sera, and 38% (N = 20) for Virginia Rail. Nests of all five species were located in >= 70% emergent vegetation with a mean water depth of 24-56 cm and an average vegetation height that ranged from 69-133 cm. Logistic regression models were developed for each species rising habitat variables at nest and random site locations. Each model was ranked with Akaike's Information Criterion for small sample size (AIC(c)). In general, our best models indicated that increased emergent vegetation and horizontal cover with shallow water depths improved the odds of encountering marsh bird nests in the wetlands of western New York. We suggest that managing wetlands as a complex, at different stages of succession, would best benefit marsh bird species. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14851 USA. Cornell Univ, US Geol Survey, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14851 USA. RP Lor, S (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM Socheata_Lor@fws.gov NR 40 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 5 U2 33 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD DEC PY 2006 VL 29 IS 4 BP 427 EP 436 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2006)29[427:BEANHA]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 126ZR UT WOS:000243554800003 ER PT J AU Jonsson, JE Afton, AD AF Jonsson, Jon Einar Afton, Alan D. TI Different time and energy budgets of Lesser Snow Geese in rice-prairies and coastal marshes in Southwest Louisiana SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE time budgets; Snow Geese; habitat suitability; rice-prairies; coastal marshes; energy budgets ID BARNACLE GEESE; INDIVIDUAL VARIATION; FORAGING EFFICIENCY; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; AGONISTIC BEHAVIOR; RESOURCE USE; FOOD; WINTER; SIZE; CAERULESCENS AB Many bird species use human-made habitats and an important issue is whether these are equally suitable foraging habitats as are historical, natural habitats. Historically, Lesser Snow Geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens; hereafter Snow Geese) wintered in coastal marshes in Louisiana but began using rice-prairies within the last 60 years. Time spent feeding was used as an indicator of habitat suitability and time and energy budgets of Snow Geese were compared between rice-prairies and coastal marshes in southwest Louisiana. Composite diets of Snow Geese have a lower energy density in the rice-prairies than in coastal marshes; thus, we predicted that Snow Geese would spend relatively more time feeding in rice-praires to obtain existence energy. However, time spent feeding was higher in coastal marshes and thus, not proportional to energy density of composite diets. Snow Geese in coastal marshes ingested less apparent metabolizable energy than did Snow Geese in rice-prairies. In rice-prairies, juveniles spent more time feeding than did adults; however, time spent feeding was similar between age classes in coastal marshes. Undeveloped foraging skills probably cause juvenile Snow Geese to forage less efficiently in coastal marshes than in rice-prairies. These findings are consistent with recent trends in Snow Goose numbers, which increased in rice-prairies but remained stable in coastal marshes. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Jonsson, JE (reprint author), Univ Iceland, Dept Biol, Oskju Natturufraedahus,Sturlugotu 7, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland. EM joneinar@hive.is RI Jonsson, Jon Einar/K-7482-2015 OI Jonsson, Jon Einar/0000-0003-1198-786X NR 51 TC 16 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD DEC PY 2006 VL 29 IS 4 BP 451 EP 458 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2006)29[451:DTAEBO]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 126ZR UT WOS:000243554800005 ER PT J AU Antolos, M Roby, DD Lyons, DE Anderson, SK Collis, K AF Antolos, Michelle Roby, Daniel D. Lyons, Donald E. Anderson, Scott K. Collis, Ken TI Effects of nest density, location, and timing on breeding success of Caspian Terns SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Caspian Tern; Sterna caspia; breeding ecology; coloniality; nest density; timing ID REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SEASONAL-VARIATION; HERRING GULL; COLONIALITY; PREDATION; COLONIES; QUALITY; BEHAVIOR; ECOLOGY; DECLINE AB One of the proposed benefits of colonial nesting in birds is the protection afforded against avian predators. This advantage may be counter-balanced by the negative effects of intraspecific aggression on breeding success. Effects of nest density, nest location within the colony, and timing of nest initiation on productivity of Caspian Terns (Sterna caspia) were investigated on Crescent Island in the mid-Columbia River, Washington, USA. In the absence of intense nest predation at the Crescent Island tern colony, it was hypothesized that nest density would be negatively associated with productivity. A rangefinder was used to determine spatial distribution of Caspian Tern nests, and these data used to calculate nest characteristics (nest density, nearest neighbor distance, and distance to colony edge) for a randomly-selected subset of nests monitored for nest chronology and productivity. Productivity did not differ between nests in high- and low-density areas of the colony, and was positively associated with earlier nest initiation. Early nests were more productive, were located in areas of higher nest density, and were further from the colony edge than late nests. The strong effect of timing may have been attributable to seasonal declines in prey resources for terns at this site. Our results suggest that Caspian Terns nesting at the highest densities observed in this study did not incur immediate reproductive costs, despite increased potential for encounters between chicks and aggressive conspecific adults. C1 Oregon State Univ, USGS Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Real Time Res Inc, Bend, OR 97702 USA. RP Antolos, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Long Marine Lab Ctr Ocean Hlth, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM kappes@biology.ucsc.edu RI Kappes, Michelle/B-7139-2008 NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 17 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD DEC PY 2006 VL 29 IS 4 BP 465 EP 472 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2006)29[465:EONDLA]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 126ZR UT WOS:000243554800007 ER PT J AU Bluso, JD Ackerman, JT Takekawa, JY Yee, JL AF Bluso, Jill D. Ackerman, Joshua T. Takekawa, John Y. Yee, Julie L. TI Sexing Forster's Terns using morphometric measurements SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Forster's Tern; Sterna forsteri; sexual size dimorphism; discriminant function analysis; sex differences; San Francisco Bay ID BLACK-LEGGED KITTIWAKES; SEXUAL SIZE DIMORPHISM; EXTERNAL MEASUREMENTS; DISCRIMINANT-ANALYSIS; LAUGHING GULLS AB Forster's Terns (Stemajarsteri), like most seabirds, are monomorphic and are difficult to sex without extensive behavioral observations or genetic sexing. We conducted the first morphological study and discriminant function analysis on Forster's Terns to develop a method to accurately identify their sex in the field. A sample of 84 terns from the San Francisco Bay estuary were captured or collected, measured, and the sex of 40 female and 44 male terns was confirmed by genetic analyses or via necropsy. Male Forster's Terns were larger than females for 7 of 9 morphological measurements, with head-bill length showing the least amount of overlap between the sexes, followed by culmen length and culmen depth at the gonys. Sexual size dimorphism was greatest with retrix R-6 length, followed by culmen width, and culmen depth. A discriminant function including only head-bilt length accurately sexed 82% of Forster's Terns, whereas a second discriminant function incorporating both head-bill length and culmen depth at the gonys increased sexing accuracy to 87%. When we used a 75% posterior probability or greater of accurately sexing Forster's Terns, we excluded only 18% of the sample that overlapped and accurately sexed 94% of the remaining individuals. Our results indicate that Forster's Terns can be accurately sexed in the field using only 2 morphological measurements. C1 Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Bluso, JD (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, 1 Harpst St, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM jdb64@humboldt.edu NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD DEC PY 2006 VL 29 IS 4 BP 512 EP 517 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2006)29[512:SFTUMM]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 126ZR UT WOS:000243554800014 ER PT J AU Wilcox, DA AF Wilcox, Douglas A. TI My last issue SO WETLANDS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Wilcox, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 2006 VL 26 IS 4 BP 887 EP 888 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[887:MLI]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 124LT UT WOS:000243370000001 ER PT J AU Bridgham, SD Megonigal, JP Keller, JK Bliss, NB Trettin, C AF Bridgham, Scott D. Megonigal, J. Patrick Keller, Jason K. Bliss, Norman B. Trettin, Carl TI The carbon balance of North American wetlands SO WETLANDS LA English DT Review DE carbon; methane; North America; plants; sedimentation; soil; wetlands ID CONTINENTAL WESTERN CANADA; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; SOUTHERN ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; FRESH-WATER WETLANDS; NEW-YORK-STATE; METHANE EMISSIONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ELEVATED CO2; ORGANIC-CARBON; PEAT ACCUMULATION AB We examine the carbon balance of North American wetlands by reviewing and synthesizing the published literature and soil databases. North American wetlands contain about 220 Pg C, most of which is in peat. They are a small to moderate carbon sink of about 49 Tg C yr(-1), although the uncertainty around this estimate is greater than 100%, with the largest unknown being the role of carbon sequestration by sedimentation in freshwater mineral-soil wetlands. We estimate that North American wetlands emit 9 Tg methane (CH4) yr(-1); however, the uncertainty of this estimate is also greater than 100%. With the exception of estuarine wetlands, CH4 emissions from wetlands may largely offset any positive benefits of carbon sequestration in soils and plants in terms of climate forcing. Historically, the destruction of wetlands through land-use changes has had the largest effects on the carbon fluxes and consequent radiative forcing of North American wetlands. The primary effects have been a reduction in their ability to sequester carbon (a small to moderate increase in radiative forcing), oxidation of their soil carbon reserves upon drainage (a small increase in radiative forcing), and reduction in CH4 emissions (a small to large decrease in radiative forcing). It is uncertain how global changes will affect the carbon pools and fluxes of North American wetlands. We will not be able to predict accurately the role of wetlands as potential positive or negative feedbacks to anthropogenic global change without knowing the integrative effects of changes in temperature, precipitation, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, and atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and sulfur on the carbon balance of North American wetlands. C1 Univ Oregon, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Eugene, OR 97493 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. USGS Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Ctr Forested Wetland Res, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Bridgham, SD (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Eugene, OR 97493 USA. EM bridgham@uoregon.edu NR 164 TC 309 Z9 344 U1 38 U2 350 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 2006 VL 26 IS 4 BP 889 EP 916 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[889:TCBONA]2.0.CO;2 PG 28 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 124LT UT WOS:000243370000002 ER PT J AU Karunaratne, LB Darby, PC Bennetts, RE AF Karunaratne, Laksiri B. Darby, Philip C. Bennetts, Robert E. TI The effects of wetland habitat structure on Florida apple snail density SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE apple snail; Pomacea paludosa; density; habitat; structure; wetland ID CRAYFISH PROCAMBARUS ALLENI; POMACEA-PALUDOSA SAY; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; WATER LEVELS; EVERGLADES; POPULATION; SURVIVAL AB Wetlands often support a variety of juxtaposed habitat patches (e.g., grass-, shrub- or tree-dominated) differentially suited to support the inhabiting fauna. The proportion of available habitat types has been affected by human activity and consequently has contributed to degrading habitat quality for some species. The Florida apple snail (Pomacea paludosa) has drawn attention as a critical prey item for wetlands wildlife and as an indicator of wetlands restoration success in peninsular Florida, USA. An apparent contradiction has evolved wherein this species appears intolerant of drying events, but these disturbances may be necessary to maintain suitable habitat structure for apple snails. We recently reported that assertions regarding intolerance to dry downs in this species were inaccurate. Here, we compared snail density in habitats with (wet prairie) and without (slough) emergent macrophytes, as well as evaluating the effects of structural attributes within the broad wet prairie habitat type. Snail densities were greater in prairies relative to sloughs (chi(2)=12.90, df=1, P=0.0003), often by a factor of two to three. Within wet prairie habitats, we found greater snail densities in Panicum hemitomon as compared to Eleocharis cellulosa (chi(2)=31.45, df=1, P=0.0001). Significantly fewer snails were found in dense E. cellulosa as compared to habitats with lower stem density (chi(2)=10.73, df=1, P=0.011). Our results indicate that wet prairie habitat supports greater snail densities than Nymphaea-dominated slough. Our results have implications for wetlands water management in that continuous inundation has been shown to convert wet prairie to slough habitat, and we suggest this should be avoided in support of apple snails and their predators. C1 Univ W Florida, Dept Biol, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. Florida & Caribbean Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Karunaratne, LB (reprint author), Univ W Florida, Dept Biol, 11000 Univ Pkwy, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. EM pdarby@uwf.edu NR 35 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 2006 VL 26 IS 4 BP 1143 EP 1150 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[1143:TEOWHS]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 124LT UT WOS:000243370000022 ER PT J AU Taylor, JP Smith, LM Haukos, DA AF Taylor, John P. Smith, Loren M. Haukos, David A. TI Evaluation of woody plant restoration in the Middle Rio Grande: Ten years after SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE cottonwood; Populus; Rio Grande valley; riparian restoration; salt cedar; Tamarix ID RIPARIAN RESTORATION; FREMONT COTTONWOOD; NATURAL SEEDFALL; NATIVE POPULUS; NEW-MEXICO; USA; ESTABLISHMENT; DISTURBANCE; FLOODPLAIN; VEGETATION AB Native riparian cottonwood (Populus deltoides) dominated habitats are declining throughout the southwestern United States and being replaced by the exotic salt cedar (Tamarix ramosissima, T. chinensis) dominated systems. Restoration efforts have often involved removing salt cedar and simulating or restoring overbank flooding timed with seed rain of cottonwood and willow (Salix spp.). Success is then often assessed by examining seedling densities of the native species and their known competitive superiority over salt cedar at this stage. We measured plots in the Middle Rio Grande Valley, New Mexico, USA that had been cleared of salt cedar a decade earlier, compared the initial seedling community to the established community, and determined variables important in predicting establishment of cottonwood. During the decade since establishment, the proportion of cottonwood and seep willow (Baccharis glutinosa) increased, while salt cedar and coyote willow (S. exigua) decreased. Proportion of community foliar volume changed little for salt cedar (17.0 to 17.6%), while it increased for cottonwood (25.5 to 63.3%). Cottonwood dominated (> 70%) the overstory. Initially established woody stem density (all species) was the only predictor of the percent of cottonwood canopy cover a decade later as declining coyote willow allowed for greater cottonwood growth. No abiotic variables were important in predictions of subsequent cottonwood community establishment, probably because these variables were similar among sites in this active floodplain. High initial cottonwood and salt cedar seedling densities were related to lower cottonwood foliar volume and smaller individual tree diameters a decade later. Low initial densities of cottonwood allowed individuals to grow rapidly to a greater height, dominating the canopy. Restoration biologists should therefore consider areas that have low initial cottonwood seedling densities as potentially very successful if their goal is to produce a stand of large cottonwoods in a relatively short time. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Wildlife & Fisheries Management Inst, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Texas Tech Univ, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Smith, LM (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Wildlife & Fisheries Management Inst, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM l.m.smith@ttu.edu NR 34 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 2006 VL 26 IS 4 BP 1151 EP 1160 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[1151:EOWPRI]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 124LT UT WOS:000243370000023 ER PT J AU Murray, DL Cox, EW Ballard, WB Whitlaw, HA Lenarz, MS Custer, TW Barnett, T Fuller, TK AF Murray, Dennis L. Cox, Eric W. Ballard, Warren B. Whitlaw, Heather A. Lenarz, Mark S. Custer, Thomas W. Barnett, Terri Fuller, Todd K. TI Pathogens, nutritional deficiency, and climate influences on a declining moose population SO WILDLIFE MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Review DE Alces alces; climate; disease; Fascioloides magna; liver fluke; Minnesota; moose; nutrition; parasitism; population viability ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; EMERGING INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA; BONE-MARROW FAT; ALCES-ALCES; SWEDISH MOOSE; LIFE-HISTORY; GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES; PARELAPHOSTRONGYLUS-TENUIS; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE AB Several potential proximate causes may be implicated in a recent (post-1984) decline in moose (Alces alces andersoni) numbers at their southern range periphery in northwest Minnesota, USA. These causes include deleterious effects of infectious pathogens, some of which are associated with white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), negative effects of climate change, increased food competition with deer or moose, legal or illegal hunting, and increased predation by gray wolves (Canis lupus) and black bears (Ursus americanus). Long-standing factors that may have contributed to the moose decline include those typically associated with marginal habitat such as nutritional deficiencies. We examined survival and productivity among radiocollared (n= 152) adult female and juvenile moose in northwest Minnesota during 1995-2000, and assessed cause of death and pathology through carcass necropsy of radiocollared and non-radiocollared animals. Aerial moose surveys suggested that hunting was an unlikely source of the numerical decline because the level of harvest was relatively low (i.e., approx. 15%/2 yr) and the population usually grew in years following a hunt. The majority of moose mortalities (up to 87% of radiocollared moose [n = 76] and up to 65% of non-radiocollared moose [n = 84]) were proximally related to pathology associated with parasites and infectious disease. Liver fluke (Fascioloides magna) infections apparently constituted the greatest single source of mortality and caused significant pathology in the liver, thoracic and peritoneal cavities, pericardial sac, and lungs. Mortality due to meningeal worm (Parelaphostrongylus tenuis) was less prevalent and was manifested through characteristic neurological disease. Several mortalities apparently were associated with unidentified infectious disease, probably acting in close association with malnutrition. Bone-marrow fat was lower for moose dying of natural causes than those dying of anthropogenic factors or accidents, implying that acute malnutrition contributed to moose mortality. Blood profiles from live-captured animals indicated that those dying in the subsequent 18 months were chronically malnourished. Relative to other populations, average annual survival rates for adult females (0.79 [0.74-0.84; 95% Cl]) and yearlings (0.64 [0.48-0.86]) were low, whereas those for calves (0.66 [0.53-081]) were high. Pregnancy (48%) and twinning (19%) rates were among the lowest reported for moose, with reproductive senescence among females being apparent as early as 8 years. Pregnancy status was related to indices of acute (i.e., bone-marrow fat) and chronic (i.e., blood condition indices) malnutrition. Opportunistic carcass recovery indicated that there likely were few prime-aged males (> 5 yr old) in the population. Analysis of protein content in moose browse and fecal samples indicated that food quality was probably adequate to support moose over winter, but the higher fecal protein among animals that died in the subsequent 18 months could be indicative of protein catabolism associated with malnutrition. Trace element analysis from moose livers revealed apparent deficiencies in copper and selenium, but there was limited evidence of direct association between trace element concentrations and moose disease, pathology, or mortality. Time-series analysis of regional moose counts (1961-2000) indicated that annual population growth rate was related negatively to mean summer temperature, with winter and summer temperatures increasing by an average of 6.8 and 2.1 C, respectively, during the 40-year period. This change may have increased moose thermoregulatory costs and disrupted their energy balance, and thereby reduced their fitness. Time-series analysis failed to show a relationship between annual population growth rate and moose or deer abundance, indicating that food limitation via resource competition was unlikely. Population viability analyses, using count data (1961-2000) and demographic data collected during this study, suggested that the northwest Minnesota moose population likely would not persist over the next 50 years. More broadly, we conclude that the southern distribution of moose may become restricted in areas where climate and habitat conditions are marginal, especially where deer are abundant and act as reservoir hosts for parasites. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Forest Wildlife Populat & Res Grp, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Murray, DL (reprint author), Trent Univ, Dept Biol, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. EM dennismurray@trentu.ca OI Custer, Thomas/0000-0003-3170-6519 NR 178 TC 46 Z9 60 U1 11 U2 106 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0084-0173 EI 1938-5455 J9 WILDLIFE MONOGR JI Wildl. Monogr. PD DEC PY 2006 IS 166 BP 1 EP 29 PG 29 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 135ED UT WOS:000244136000001 ER PT J AU Burkardt, N Ponds, PD AF Burkardt, Nina Ponds, Phadrea D. TI Using role analysis to plan for stakeholder involvement: A Wyoming case study SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE endangered species; grizzly bear management; negotiation; public participation; stakeholder analysis; Ursus arctos horribilis; Wyoming ID POLICY-MAKING AB Prior to implementing laws and policies regulating water, wildlife, wetlands, endangered species, and recreation, natural resource managers often solicit public input. Concomitantly, managers are continually seeking more effective ways to involve stakeholders. In the autumn of 1999, the Wyoming Game and Fish Department sought to develop a state management plan for its portion of the Yellowstone grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis) population if it was removed from the federal threatened species list. A key aspect of developing this plan was the involvement of federal, state, and local agencies, representatives from nongovernmental organizations, and citizens. Wyoming wildlife managers asked researchers from the United States Geological Survey to demonstrate how the Legal-institutional Analysis Model could be used to initiate this process. To address these needs, we conducted similar workshops fora group of state and federal managers or staffers and a broad group of stakeholders. Although we found similarities among the workshop groups, we also recorded differences in perspective between stakeholder groups. The managers group acknowledged the importance of varied stakeholders but viewed the grizzly bear planning process as one centered on state interests, influenced by state policies, and amenable to negotiation. The other workshops identified many stakeholders and viewed the decision process as diffuse, with many opportunities for entry into the process. These latter groups were less certain about the chance for a successful negotiation. We concluded that if these assumptions and differences were not reconciled, the public involvement effort was not likely to succeed. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Burkardt, N (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Nina_Burkardt@usgs.gov NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1306 EP 1313 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[1306:URATPF]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 134GM UT WOS:000244071500007 ER PT J AU Johnson, JB Wood, PB Edwards, JW AF Johnson, Joshua B. Wood, Petra Bohall Edwards, John W. TI Are external mine entrance characteristics related to bat use? SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Chiroptera; bats; gating; mines; surveys; West Virginia ID HABITAT SELECTION; MYOTIS-LUCIFUGUS; DWELLING BATS; EARED BAT; CAVE GATE; VESPERTILIONIDAE; CHIROPTERA; PATTERNS; VIRGINIA; BEHAVIOR AB Abandoned mines provide summer roosts, autumn swarming sites, and winter hibernacula for bats (Chiroptera). Although hibernacula selection has received considerable attention, few studies have examined the characteristics of mines used as summer roosts and autumn swarming sites. Abandoned mines are hazardous and often sealed to prevent human access. Alternatively, abandoned mines sometimes are gated to protect mine-roosting bats by deterring human entrance. However, gates and other mine entrance characteristics may affect bat presence and use. We examined the external characteristics of mines that could be measured safely and quickly to determine if they influenced bat species presence and relative frequency. We surveyed bats at 36 abandoned coal mine entrances during summer 2002 and 47 mine entrances (the same 36 as during summer and 11 additional mines) during autumn 2002 at New River Gorge National River and Gauley River National Recreation Area, West Virginia, USA. We captured 139 bats during summer and 1, 733 bats during autumn of 9 different species. During autumn, more bat species used mines with isolated entrances than those with multiple entrances. Our results indicate that gates do not affect bats in terms of presence or frequency of use as much as mine entrance shape and proximity to other portals. Mine entrance size and shape positively influenced bat activity, particularly that of little brown myotis (Myotis lucifugus) and eastern pipistrelle (Pipistrellus subflavus), which were among the most commonly captured species. Spatial proximity of entrances should be considered in bat management decisions concerning abandoned mines. C1 W Virginia Univ, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Wildlife & Fisheries Resources Program, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Johnson, JB (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Appalachian Lab, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. EM j-johnson3@juno.com NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 14 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1368 EP 1375 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[1368:AEMECR]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 134GM UT WOS:000244071500016 ER PT J AU Millsap, BA Allen, GT AF Millsap, Brian A. Allen, George T. TI Effects of falconry harvest on wild raptor populations in the United States: Theoretical considerations and management recommendations SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE demographics; falconry; harvest; maximum sustainable yield; modeling; raptors; United States ID SURVIVAL; BREEDERS; MODELS AB We used recent population data and a deterministic matrix model that accounted for important aspects of raptor population biology to evaluate the likely impact of falconry harvest (including take of different age classes) on wild raptor populations in the United States. The harvest rate at maximum sustainable yield (MS) ranged from 0.03 to 0.41 for the species examined. At least for peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus), harvest rate at MSY was greatest for nestlings and lowest for adults. The quality of demographic data for the species influenced MSY. For most species the state of current knowledge probably underestimates the capacity for allowed harvest because estimates of vital rates, particularly survival, are biased low, because emigration is not distinguished from survival. This is offset somewhat by biases that might overestimate sustainability inherent in MSY-based analyses and deterministic models. Taking these factors into consideration and recognizing the impracticality of monitoring raptor populations to determine actual effects of harvest, we recommend that falconry harvest rates for juvenile raptors in the United States not exceed one-half of the estimated MSY up to a maximum of 5%, depending on species-specific estimates of capacity to sustain harvest. Under this guideline, harvest rates of up to 5% of annual production are supported for northern goshawks (Accipter gentilis), Harris's hawks (Parabuteo unicinctus), peregrine falcons, and golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos); lower harvest rates are recommended for other species until better estimates of vital rates confirm greater harvest potential. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Millsap, BA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. EM Brian_A_Millsap@fws.gov NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1392 EP 1400 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[1392:EOFHOW]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 134GM UT WOS:000244071500019 ER PT J AU Reindl-Thompson, SA Shivik, JA Whitelaw, A Hurt, A Higgins, KF AF Reindl-Thompson, Sara A. Shivik, John A. Whitelaw, Alice Hurt, Aimee Higgins, Kenneth F. TI Efficacy of scent dogs in detecting black-footed ferrets at a reintroduction site in South Dakota SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material DE black-footed ferret; detection dog; Mustela nigripes; scent dog; spotlight survey ID VEGETATION AB Endangered black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) are difficult to monitor because of their nocturnal and fossorial habits, but land use and management are influenced by their potential presence. Detector dogs have been suggested as a method for determining ferret presence, although its efficacy has not been thoroughly investigated. We evaluated 2 dogs trained specifically for determining ferret presence in field evaluations conducted in black-tailed prairie dog (Gynomys ludovicianus) colonies at the Conata Basin reintroduction site in South Dakota, USA, during September and October 2003. We tested the dogs on 4 test colonies that had no record of ferret presence and 7 colonies known to have ferrets inhabiting them. One dog was 100% accurate at detecting presence and the other was between 57116 and 71% successful at detecting ferrets, with neither dog falsely indicating presence when ferrets were absent. For the 2 dogs, the mean time to detect ferrets on a prairie dog colony was 21 minutes and mean search rate was 26 halhour. The mean time to detection on the same sites was 208 minutes for spotlight surveys and mean search rate was 1.6 hal hour. Although spotlight surveys are necessary for identifying population demographics, well-trained detection dogs show promise for detecting ferret presence in prairie dog colonies. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pierre, SD 57501 USA. Utah State Univ, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Working Dogs Conservat Fdn, Three Forks, MT 59792 USA. S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Reindl-Thompson, SA (reprint author), USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Huron, SD 57350 USA. EM john.shivik@aphis.usda.gov NR 19 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1435 EP 1439 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[1435:EOSDID]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 134GM UT WOS:000244071500026 ER PT J AU McGowan, CP Simons, TR AF McGowan, Conor P. Simons, Theodore R. TI Effects of human recreation on the incubation behavior of American Oystercatchers SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AFRICAN BLACK OYSTERCATCHERS; HUMAN DISTURBANCE; NEST PREDATION; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; BREEDING SUCCESS; NORTH-CAROLINA; PARENTAL CARE; HYPOTHESIS; WATERBIRDS AB Human recreational disturbance and its effects on wildlife demographics and behavior is an increasingly important area of research. We monitored the nesting success of American Oystercatchers (Haematopus palliatus) in coastal North Carolina in 2002 and 2003. We also used video monitoring at nests to measure the response of incubating birds to human recreation. We counted the number of trips per hour made by adult birds to and from the nest, and we calculated the percent time that adults spent incubating. We asked whether human recreational activities (truck, all-terrain vehicle [ATV], and pedestrian traffic) were correlated with parental behavioral patterns. Eleven a priori models of nest survival and behavioral covariates were evaluated using Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) to see whether incubation behavior influenced nest survival. Factors associated with birds leaving their nests (n = 548) included ATV traffic (25%), truck traffic (17%), pedestrian traffic (4%), aggression with neighboring oystercatchers or paired birds exchanging incubation duties (26%), airplane traffic (1%) and unknown factors (29%). ATV traffic was positively associated with the rate of trips to and away from the nest (beta(1) = 0.749, P < 0.001) and negatively correlated with percent time spent incubating (beta(1) = -0.037, P = 0.025). Other forms of human recreation apparently had little effect on incubation behaviors. Nest survival models incorporating the frequency of trips by adults to and from the nest, and the percentage of time adults spent incubating, were somewhat supported in the AIC analyses. A low frequency of trips to and from the nest and, counter to expectations, low percent time spent incubating were associated with higher daily nest survival rates. These data suggest that changes in incubation behavior might be one mechanism by which human recreation affects the reproductive success of American Oystercatchers. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, N Carolina Coop, Fish & Wildlife Res Unit,US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP McGowan, CP (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 302 Anheuser Busch Nat Resource Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM cpm4h9@mizzou.edu NR 45 TC 33 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 118 IS 4 BP 485 EP 493 DI 10.1676/05-084.1 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 123QG UT WOS:000243309800006 ER PT J AU O'Brien, JJ Stahala, C Mori, GR Callaham, MA Bergh, CM AF O'Brien, Joseph J. Stahala, Caroline Mori, Gina R. Callaham, Mac A., Jr. Bergh, Chris M. TI Effects of prescribed fire on conditions inside a Cuban Parrot (Amazona leucocephala) surrogate nesting cavity on Great Abaco, Bahamas SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Cuban Parrots (Amazona leucocephala) on the island of Great Abaco in the Bahamas forage and nest in native pine forests. The population is unique in that the birds nest in limestone solution holes on the forest floor. Bahamian pine forests are fire-dependent with a frequent surface fire regime. The effects of fire on the parrots, especially while nesting, are not well known. We measured ambient conditions inside a cavity characteristic of the Cuban Parrot's Abaconian population as a prescribed fire passed over it. Cavity conditions were relatively benign; although temperatures immediately outside the cavity rose to > 800 degrees C, inside temperatures increased only 5 degrees C at 30 cm inside the entrance and 0.4 degrees C at the cavity floor (cavity depth was similar to 120 CM). CO2 levels briefly rose to 2,092 ppm as the flames passed, but dropped to nearly ambient levels approximately 15 min later. Smoke levels also were elevated only briefly, with 0.603 mg of total suspended particulates filtered from 0.1 m(3) of air. Smokey conditions lasted approximately 20 min. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Sci, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. The Nat Conservancy, Summerland Key, FL 33042 USA. RP O'Brien, JJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jjobrien@fs.fed.us NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 118 IS 4 BP 508 EP 512 DI 10.1676/05-118.1 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 123QG UT WOS:000243309800009 ER PT J AU Benson, AM Andres, BA Johnson, WN Savage, S Sharbaugh, SM AF Benson, Anna-Marie Andres, Brad A. Johnson, W. N. Savage, Susan Sharbaugh, Susan M. TI Differential timing of Wilson's Warbler migration in Alaska SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LATITUDE PASSERINE MIGRANTS; AUTUMN LANDBIRD MIGRANTS; SOUTHWESTERN IDAHO; STOPOVER ECOLOGY; SPRING MIGRATION; BIRDS; STRATEGIES; PUSILLA; ARIZONA AB We examined age- and sex-related differences in the timing of Wilson's Warbler (Wilsonia pusilla pileolata) migration at four locations in Alaska: Fairbanks, Tok, Mother Goose Lake, and Yakutat. We captured Wilson's Warblers with mist nets for >= 5 years during spring (northbound) and autumn (southbound) migration. In spring, males passed through our two northernmost sites-Tok and Fairbanks-earlier than females. During autumn, timing of adult migration did not differ by sex, but immatures passed through earlier than adults at all four sites. During previous studies of autumn passage sampled at lower latitudes, the lack of age-related differences in migration timing could be attributed to adults migrating faster than immatures (i.e., if immatures from higher latitudes began migration earlier than the adults, then the adults may have caught up to them at lower latitudes) or to the mixing of breeding populations from different locales. Autumn migration of adults and immatures netted at our two southernmost sites, both coastal locations, preceded migration at our two interior sites. These site-specific differences in the timing of autumn migration are likely the result of our coastal stations sampling birds that breed farther south and arrive earlier than birds breeding in more northerly regions of Alaska (and sampled at our interior stations). Early-arriving populations are likely able to complete their breeding season activities earlier and, subsequently, initiate their autumn migration earlier. C1 Alaska Bird Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99708 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Tetlin Natl Wildlife Refuge, Tok, AK 99780 USA. Alaska Peninsula Becharof Natl Wildlife Refuge Co, King Salmon, AK 99613 USA. RP Sharbaugh, SM (reprint author), Alaska Bird Observ, POB 80505, Fairbanks, AK 99708 USA. EM ssharbaugh@alaskabird.org NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 EI 1938-5447 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 118 IS 4 BP 547 EP 551 DI 10.1676/05-085.1 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 123QG UT WOS:000243309800014 ER PT J AU Ullah, S Faulkner, SP AF Ullah, Sami Faulkner, S. P. TI Denitrification potential of different land-use types in an agricultural watershed, lower Mississippi valley SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE bottomland hardwoods; denitrification; forested wetlands; NO(3) pollution control; wetlands restoration ID URBAN RIPARIAN ZONES; GULF-OF-MEXICO; RIVER-BASIN; WETLAND SOILS; FOREST SOILS; ORGANIC-CARBON; NITROGEN; NITRATE; AVAILABILITY; RESTORATION AB Expansion of agricultural land and excessive nitrogen (N) fertilizer use in the Mississippi River watershed has resulted in a three-fold increase in the nitrate load of the river since the early 1950s. One way to reduce this nitrate load is to restore wetlands at suitable locations between croplands and receiving waters to remove run-off nitrate through denitrification. This research investigated denitrification potential (DP) of different land uses and its controlling factors in an agricultural watershed in the lower Mississippi valley (LMV) to help identify sites with high DP for reducing run-off nitrate. Soil samples collected from seven land-use types of an agricultural watershed during spring, summer, fall and winter were incubated in the laboratory for DP determination. Low-elevation clay soils in wetlands exhibited 6.3 and 2.5 times greater DP compared to high-elevation silt loam and low-elevation clay soils in croplands, respectively DP of vegetated-ditches was 1.3 and 4.2 times that of un-vegetated ditches and cultivated soils, respectively. Soil carbon and nitrogen availability, bulk density, and soil moisture significantly affected DP. These factors were significantly influenced in turn by landscape position and land-use type of the watershed. It is evident from these results that low-elevation, fine-textured soils under natural wetlands are the best locations for mediating nitrate loss from agricultural watersheds in the LMV Landscape position and land-use types can be used as indices for the assessment/modeling of denitrification potential and identification of sites for restoration for nitrate removal in agricultural watersheds. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Wetland Biogeochem Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USGS, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Ullah, S (reprint author), McGill Univ, Global Environm & Climate Change Ctr, Dept Geog, 610 Burnside Hall,805 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. EM sami.ullah@mcgill.ca NR 53 TC 30 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD NOV 30 PY 2006 VL 28 IS 2 BP 131 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2006.05.007 PG 10 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 114XM UT WOS:000242698900005 ER PT J AU O'Connor, BL Hondzo, M Dobraca, D LaPara, TM Finlay, JC Brezonik, PL AF O'Connor, Ben L. Hondzo, Miki Dobraca, Dina LaPara, Timothy M. Finlay, Jacques C. Brezonik, Patrick L. TI Quantity-activity relationship of denitrifying bacteria and environmental scaling in streams of a forested watershed SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID DENITRIFICATION RATES; ACETYLENE INHIBITION; NITROGEN; ECOSYSTEMS; NITRATE; OXYGEN; CALIFORNIA; INTERFACE; REDUCTASE; SEDIMENT AB The spatial variability of subreach denitrification rates in streams was evaluated with respect to controlling environmental conditions, molecular examination of denitrifying bacteria, and dimensional analysis. Denitrification activities ranged from 0 and 800 ng-N g(sed)(-1) d(-1) with large variations observed within short distances (< 50 m) along stream reaches. A log-normal probability distribution described the range in denitrification activities and was used to define low (16% of the probability distribution), medium (68%), and high (16%) denitrification potential groups. Denitrifying bacteria were quantified using a competitive polymerase chain reaction (cPCR) technique that amplified the nirK gene that encodes for nitrite reductase. Results showed a range of nirK quantities from 10(3) to 10(7) gene-copy-number g(sed)(-1). A nonparametric statistical test showed no significant difference in nirK quantities among stream reaches, but revealed that samples with a high denitrification potential had significantly higher nirK quantities. Denitrification activity was positively correlated with nirK quantities with scatter in the data that can be attributed to varying environmental conditions along stream reaches. Dimensional analysis was used to evaluate denitrification activities according to environmental variables that describe fluid-flow properties, nitrate and organic material quantities, and dissolved oxygen flux. Buckingham's pi theorem was used to generate dimensionless groupings and field data were used to determine scaling parameters. The resulting expressions between dimensionless NO3- flux and dimensionless groupings of environmental variables showed consistent scaling, which indicates that the subreach variability in denitrification rates can be predicted by the controlling physical, chemical, and microbiological conditions. C1 Univ Minnesota, St Anthony Falls Lab, Minneapolis, MN USA. Natl Ctr Earth Surface Dynam, Minneapolis, MN USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Genet Cell Biol & Dev, Minneapolis, MN USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Civil Engn, Minneapolis, MN USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, Minneapolis, MN USA. Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. RP O'Connor, BL (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, St Anthony Falls Lab, Minneapolis, MN USA. EM boconnor@usgs.gov; mhondzo@umn.edu; dobr0028@umn.edu; lapar001@tc.umn.edu; jfinlay@umn.edu; brezonik@umn.edu RI Finlay, Jacques/B-6081-2011; LaPara, Timothy/F-9873-2012; OI Finlay, Jacques/0000-0002-7968-7030; Dobraca, Dina/0000-0002-7398-3736 NR 45 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD NOV 30 PY 2006 VL 111 IS G4 AR G04014 DI 10.1029/2006JG000254 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 115OH UT WOS:000242743100001 ER PT J AU Hardebeck, JL Michael, AJ AF Hardebeck, Jeanne L. Michael, Andrew J. TI Damped regional-scale stress inversions: Methodology and examples for southern California and the Coalinga aftershock sequence SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; FOCAL MECHANISMS; PLATE BOUNDARY; SLIP DATA; VELOCITY AB [ 1] We present a new focal mechanism stress inversion technique to produce regional-scale models of stress orientation containing the minimum complexity necessary to fit the data. Current practice is to divide a region into small subareas and to independently fit a stress tensor to the focal mechanisms of each subarea. This procedure may lead to apparent spatial variability that is actually an artifact of overfitting noisy data or nonuniquely fitting data that does not completely constrain the stress tensor. To remove these artifacts while retaining any stress variations that are strongly required by the data, we devise a damped inversion method to simultaneously invert for stress in all subareas while minimizing the difference in stress between adjacent subareas. This method is conceptually similar to other geophysical inverse techniques that incorporate damping, such as seismic tomography. In checkerboard tests, the damped inversion removes the stress rotation artifacts exhibited by an undamped inversion, while resolving sharper true stress rotations than a simple smoothed model or a moving-window inversion. We show an example of a spatially damped stress field for southern California. The methodology can also be used to study temporal stress changes, and an example for the Coalinga, California, aftershock sequence is shown. We recommend use of the damped inversion technique for any study examining spatial or temporal variations in the stress field. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hardebeck, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jhardebeck@usgs.gov RI Michael, Andrew/A-5059-2010; OI Michael, Andrew/0000-0002-2403-5019; Hardebeck, Jeanne/0000-0002-6737-7780 NR 16 TC 69 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD NOV 29 PY 2006 VL 111 IS B11 AR B11310 DI 10.1029/2005JB004144 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 115OZ UT WOS:000242744900002 ER EF