FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™
VR 1.0
PT J
AU Rieman, BE
Peterson, JT
Myers, DL
AF Rieman, BE
Peterson, JT
Myers, DL
TI Have brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) displaced bull trout
(Salvelinus confluentus) along longitudinal gradients in central Idaho
streams?
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID CUTTHROAT TROUT; COMPETITIVE INTERACTIONS; CONSERVATION STRATEGY;
NORTH-AMERICA; HABITAT; FISH; TEMPERATURE; ABUNDANCE; FRAGMENTATION;
POPULATIONS
AB Invasions of non-native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) have the potential for upstream displacement or elimination of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) and other native species already threatened by habitat loss. We summarized the distribution and number of bull trout in samples from 12 streams with and without brook trout in central Idaho and used hierarchical regression analysis to consider whether brook trout have displaced bull trout along gradients of temperature and elevation. Brook trout generally were observed in higher numbers downstream of bull trout. Brook trout presence, number, and both temperature and elevation were important variables explaining the observed distributions and number of bull trout among streams. Our analyses support the hypothesis that brook trout have displaced bull trout, but results were highly variable and stream dependent. Although brook trout appeared to have displaced bull trout to higher elevations or colder temperatures, there was no clear influence on overall number of bull trout. Brook trout probably do influence bull trout populations and facilitate if not cause local extinctions, but threats probably vary strongly with environmental conditions. Bull trout in smaller streams could be more vulnerable than those in larger streams.
C1 Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise Aquat Sci Lab, Boise, ID 83702 USA.
Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
RP Rieman, BE (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise Aquat Sci Lab, 316 E Myrtle, Boise, ID 83702 USA.
EM brieman@fs.fed.us
RI Ebersole, Joseph/A-8371-2009
NR 57
TC 66
Z9 69
U1 2
U2 19
PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA
PI OTTAWA
PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD JAN
PY 2006
VL 63
IS 1
BP 63
EP 78
DI 10.1139/F05-206
PG 16
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 010XO
UT WOS:000235231400006
ER
PT J
AU Hossack, BR
Diamond, SA
Corn, PS
AF Hossack, BR
Diamond, SA
Corn, PS
TI Distribution of boreal toad populations in relation to estimated UV-B
dose in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE
LA English
DT Article
ID ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION EXPOSURE; AMPHIBIAN EMBRYOS; CLIMATE-CHANGE;
FOREST CANOPY; DECLINES; PATTERNS; WATERS; PERFORMANCE; CALIFORNIA;
MORTALITY
AB A recent increase in ultraviolet B radiation is one hypothesis advanced to explain suspected or documented declines of the boreal toad (Bufo boreas Baird and Girard, 1852) across much of the western USA, where some experiments have shown ambient UV-B can reduce embryo survival. We examined B. boreas occupancy relative to daily UV-B dose at 172 potential breeding sites in Glacier National Park, Montana, to assess whether UV-B limits the distribution of toads. Dose estimates were based on ground-level UV-B data and the effects of elevation, local topographic and vegetative features, and attenuation in the water column. We also examined temporal trends in surface UV-B and spring snowpack to determine whether populations are likely to have experienced increased UV-B exposure in recent decades. We found no support for the hypothesis that UV-B limits the distribution of populations in the park, even when we analyzed high-elevation ponds separately. Instead, toads were more likely to breed in water bodies with higher estimated UV-B doses. The lack of a detectable trend in surface UV-B since 1979, combined with earlier snow melt in the region and increasing forest density at high elevations, suggests B. boreas embryos and larvae likely have not experienced increased UV-B.
C1 US Geol Survey, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA.
US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA.
RP Hossack, BR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, 790 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA.
EM blake_hossack@usgs.gov
NR 58
TC 8
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 7
PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA
PI OTTAWA
PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0008-4301
J9 CAN J ZOOL
JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool.
PD JAN
PY 2006
VL 84
IS 1
BP 98
EP 107
DI 10.1139/Z05-184
PG 10
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 025RZ
UT WOS:000236285900012
ER
PT J
AU Garcia, MO
Caplan-Auerbach, J
De Carlo, EH
Kurz, MD
Becker, N
AF Garcia, MO
Caplan-Auerbach, J
De Carlo, EH
Kurz, MD
Becker, N
TI Geology, geochemistry and earthquake history of Lo'ihi Seamount,
Hawai'i's youngest volcano
SO CHEMIE DER ERDE-GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Review
DE Hawaii; Loihi; volcano; seamount; petrology; geochemistry; earthquakes
ID MAUNA-KEA VOLCANO; NOBLE-GAS SYSTEMATICS; HELIUM ISOTOPIC VARIATIONS;
DIVERSE BASALT TYPES; K-AR AGES; KILAUEA VOLCANO; EARTHS MANTLE;
HOT-SPOT; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM; SUBMARINE VOLCANO
AB A half-century of investigations are summarized here on the youngest Hawaiian volcano, Loihi Seamount. It was discovered in 1952 following an earthquake swarm. Surveying in 1954 determined it has an elongate shape, which is the meaning of its Hawaiian name. Loihi was mostly forgotten until two earthquake swarms in the 1970s led to a dredging expedition in 1978, which recovered young lavas. The recovery of young lavas motivated numerous expeditions to investigate the geology, geophysics, and geochemistry of this active volcano. Geophysical monitoring, including a realtime submarine observatory that continuously monitored Loihi's seismic activity for 3 months, captured some of the volcano's earthquake swarms. The 1996 swarm, the largest recorded in Hawaii, was preceded earlier in the year by at least one eruption and accompanied by the formation of a similar to 300-m deep pit crater, Pele's Pit. Seismic and petrologic data indicate that magma was stored in a similar to 8-9 km deep reservoir prior to the 1996 eruption.
Studies on Loihi have altered conceptual models for the growth of Hawaiian and other oceanic island volcanoes, and refined our understanding of mantle plumes. Petrologic and geochemical studies of Loihi lavas showed that the volcano taps a relatively primitive part of the Hawaiian plume, producing a wide range of magma compositions. These compositions have become progressively more silica-saturated with time, reflecting higher degrees of partial melting as the volcano drifts toward the center of the hotspot. Helium and neon isotopes in Loihi glasses are among the least radiogenic found at ocean islands, and may indicate a relatively deep and undegassed mantle source for the volcano. The north-south orientation of Loihi rift zones indicates that they may have formed beyond the gravitational influence of the adjacent older volcanoes. A new growth model indicates that Loihi is older, taller and more voluminous than previously thought. Seismic and bathymetric data have clarified the importance of landsliding in the early formation of ocean island volcanoes. However, a fuller understanding of Loihi's internal structure and eruptive behavior awaits installation of monitoring equipment on the volcano.
The presence of hydrothermal activity at Loihi was initially proposed based on nontronite deposits on dredged samples that indicated elevated temperatures (31 degrees C), water temperature, methane and He-3 anomalies, and clumps of benthic micro-organisms in the water column above the volcano in 1982. Submersible observations in 1987 confirmed a low temperature geothermal system (15-30 degrees C) prior to the 1996 formation of Pele's Pit. The sulfide mineral assemblage (wurtzite, pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite) deposited after the pit crater collapsed are consistent with hydrothermal fluids with temperatures >250 degrees C, although the highest measured temperature was similar to 200 degrees C. Vent temperatures decreased to similar to 60 degrees C during the 2004 dive season indicating a waning of the current phase of hydrothermal activity. (C) 2005 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
USGS, Alaska Sci Ctr, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Garcia, MO (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
EM mogarcia@hawaii.edu
OI Kurz, Mark/0000-0003-1745-2356
NR 160
TC 37
Z9 38
U1 5
U2 19
PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG
PI JENA
PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY
SN 0009-2819
J9 CHEM ERDE-GEOCHEM
JI Chem Erde-Geochem.
PY 2006
VL 66
IS 2
BP 81
EP 108
DI 10.1016/j.chemer.2005.09.002
PG 28
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 050KB
UT WOS:000238085100001
ER
PT B
AU Richmond, B
AF Richmond, Bruce
BE Smith, OP
TI Understanding shoreline change
SO Coastal Erosion Responses for Alaska, Workshop Proceedings
SE UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA SEA GRANT COLLEGE PROGRAM REPORT
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Workshop on Coastal Erosion Response for Alaska
CY JAN 04, 2006
CL Anchorage, AK
ID AIRBORNE TOPOGRAPHIC LIDAR
C1 US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA.
RP Richmond, B (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM
PI FAIRBANKS
PA UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS PO BOX 755040, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775-5040 USA
BN 978-1-56612-111-8
J9 UASGCP REP
PY 2006
BP 43
EP 47
PG 5
WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA BGP90
UT WOS:000249604100007
ER
PT B
AU Ruggiero, P
AF Ruggiero, Peter
BE Smith, OP
TI Coastal sediment budgets
SO Coastal Erosion Responses for Alaska, Workshop Proceedings
SE UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA SEA GRANT COLLEGE PROGRAM REPORT
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Workshop on Coastal Erosion Response for Alaska
CY JAN 04, 2006
CL Anchorage, AK
C1 US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA.
RP Ruggiero, P (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA.
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM
PI FAIRBANKS
PA UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS PO BOX 755040, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775-5040 USA
BN 978-1-56612-111-8
J9 UASGCP REP
PY 2006
BP 49
EP 53
PG 5
WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA BGP90
UT WOS:000249604100008
ER
PT J
AU Olsen, JB
Wuttig, K
Fleming, D
Kretschmer, EJ
Wenburg, JK
AF Olsen, Jeffrey B.
Wuttig, Klaus
Fleming, Douglas
Kretschmer, Eric J.
Wenburg, John K.
TI Evidence of partial anadromy and resident-form dispersal bias on a fine
scale in populations of Oncorhynchus mykiss
SO CONSERVATION GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE dispersal bias; Oncorhynchus mykiss; partial anadromy
ID RAINBOW-TROUT; FRESH-WATER; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; SALMON; STEELHEAD;
ADAPTATION; PATTERNS; TESTS
AB We examine sympatric anadromous (steelhead) and nonanadromous (resident) rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from neighboring locations to test three hypotheses: (1) the sympatric life history types are not genetically different; (2) fine-scale dispersal is the same for both sexes, and (3) fine-scale dispersal is the same for steelhead and resident individuals. Data from 13 microsatellite loci reveal no genetic difference between sympatric steelhead and resident O. mykiss but moderate population structure (F-ST=0.019-0.028) between adjacent samples, regardless of life history type. Our results provide further evidence of partial anadromy and suggest that geographic proximity and genetic history, more than migratory type, should be considered when identifying populations for use in restoration of local genetic diversity. We find evidence of resident-form dispersal bias on a fine spatial scale, however, we find no evidence that fine-scale dispersal varies by gender. Conservation strategies should aim to maintain resident and anadromous forms when they occur in sympatry, as they may be important in facilitating gene flow on small and large spatial scales, respectively.
C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Sport Fish, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA.
RP Olsen, JB (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
EM jeffrey_olsen@fws.gov
NR 34
TC 46
Z9 48
U1 1
U2 15
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1566-0621
J9 CONSERV GENET
JI Conserv. Genet.
PY 2006
VL 7
IS 4
BP 613
EP 619
DI 10.1007/s10592-005-9099-0
PG 7
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity
GA 086FU
UT WOS:000240660000013
ER
PT B
AU Breault, R
Cooke, M
AF Breault, R
Cooke, M
BE Calabrese, EJ
Kostecki, PT
Dragun, J
TI RESTORING AN URBAN RIVER
SO CONTAMINATED SOILS, SEDIMENTS AND WATER VOLUME 10: SUCCESSES AND
CHALLENGES
SE CONTAMINATED SOILS SERIES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 20th Annual International Conference on Soils, Sediments and Water
CY OCT 18-21, 2004
CL Amherst, MA
DE Neponset River; sediment; elements; PCBs; PISCES
AB The U.S. Geological Survey studied sediment and water quality, with an emphasis on polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), in the bottom sediment and water of the Neponset River. The USGS completed this study in cooperation with the Riverways Program of the Massachusetts Executive Office of Environmental Affairs Department of Fish and Game, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The major findings of this study were: human activities have adversely affected sediment quality in the Neponset River; with the exception of polyaromatic hydrocarbons and PCBs, contaminant concentrations are similar to those of other urban rivers; sediment contaminant levels may adversely affect aquatic life and human health; PCBs continue to be released into the Neponset River; and PCBs in the water may have toxic effects.
C1 US Geol Survey, 10 Bearfoot Rd, Northborough, MA 01532 USA.
RP US Geol Survey, 10 Bearfoot Rd, Northborough, MA 01532 USA.
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES
BN 0-387-28322-6
J9 CONTAM SOILS
PY 2006
BP 345
EP +
PG 3
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA BDL55
UT WOS:000234127600023
ER
PT J
AU Suryan, RM
Sato, F
Balogh, GR
Hyrenbach, KD
Sievert, PR
Ozaki, K
AF Suryan, Robert M.
Sato, Fumio
Balogh, Gregory R.
Hyrenbach, K. David
Sievert, Paul R.
Ozaki, Kivoaki
TI Foraging destinations and marine habitat use of short-tailed
albatrosses: A multi-scale approach using first-passage time analysis
SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 13th Annual Meeting of the North-Pacific-Marine-Science-Organization
(PICES)
CY OCT 14-24, 2004
CL Honolulu, HI
SP N Pacific Marine Sci Org
DE Bering Sea; Aleutian Islands; first-passage time; multi-scale habitat
use; Kuroshio-Oyashio Currents; short-tailed albatross
ID PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTIONS; BERING-SEA; SYMPATRIC ALBATROSSES;
SOUTHERN-OCEAN; WATER-MASSES; SCALE; SEABIRDS; ECOLOGY; PACIFIC;
BEHAVIOR
AB We used satellite telemetry, remotely sensed data (bathymetry, chlorophyll a (chl a), sea-surface temperature (SST), wind speed) and first-passage time (FPT) analysis to determine the distribution, movement patterns, and habitat associations of short-tailed albatrosses (Phoebastria albatrus) during the non-breeding season, 2002 and 2003. Satellite transmitters were deployed on birds immediately prior to their departure from a breeding colony at Torishima, Japan (n = 11), or at-sea in the Aleutian Islands (n = 3). Tracking durations ranged from 51 to 138 days for a total of 6709 locations after filtering (131 - 808 per bird). FPT (time required to transit a circle of given radius) revealed the location and spatial scale of area-restricted search (ARS) patterns along flight paths. On average, ARS occurred within 70 km radii. Consequently, the fit of the habitat use models increased at spatial scales beyond a 40 km FPT radius (R-2 = 0.31) and stabilized for scales of 70 km and larger (R-2 = 0.40-0.51). At all scales, wind speed, depth or depth gradient, and chl a or chl a gradient had a significant effect on FPT (i.e., residence time). FPT increased within regions of higher gradients of depth and chl a. In contrast, FPT decreased within regions of greater depth and wind speed, with a significant interaction of wind speed and depth at some scales. Sea-surface temperature or its interactions were only significant at large spatial scales (>= 160 km FPT radius). Albatrosses engaged in ARS activities primarily over the shelf break and slope, including Kuroshio and Oyashio regions off the western subarctic gyre. Occasionally, birds transited the northern boundary of the Kuroshio Extension while in-route to the Aleutian Islands and Bering Sea, but overall spent little time in the western gyre. In the Aleutian Islands, ARS occurred within straits, particularly along the central and western part of the archipelago. In the Bering Sea, ARS occurred along the northern continental shelf break, the Kamchatka Current region, and east of the Commander Islands. Non-breeding short-tailed albatross concentrate foraging in oceanic areas characterized by gradients in topography and water column productivity. This study provides an understanding of the foraging ecology for a highly migratory, imperiled seabird, and confirms the importance of shelf break and slope regions as hot spots for a variety of top marine predators in the North Pacific. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fisheries & Wildlife Res Unit, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
Yamashina Inst Ornithol, Abiko, Chiba 27011, Japan.
US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA.
Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
Point Reyes Bird Observ, Stinson Beach, CA 94970 USA.
Univ Massachusetts, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
RP Suryan, RM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fisheries & Wildlife Res Unit, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
EM rob.suryan@oregonstate.edu
NR 65
TC 60
Z9 64
U1 8
U2 34
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0967-0645
J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II
JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr.
PY 2006
VL 53
IS 3-4
BP 370
EP 386
DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.01.012
PG 17
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 066AO
UT WOS:000239201900009
ER
PT J
AU Piatt, JF
Wetzel, J
Bell, K
DeGange, AR
Balogh, GR
Drew, GS
Geernaert, T
Ladd, C
Byrd, GV
AF Piatt, John F.
Wetzel, Jennifer
Bell, Kevin
DeGange, Anthony R.
Balogh, Gregory R.
Drew, Gary S.
Geernaert, Tracee
Ladd, Carol
Byrd, G. Vernon
TI Predictable hotspots and foraging habitat of the endangered short-tailed
albatross (Phoebastria albatrus) in the North Pacific: Implications for
conservation
SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 13th Annual Meeting of the North-Pacific-Marine-Science-Organization
(PICES)
CY OCT 14-24, 2004
CL Honolulu, HI
SP N Pacific Marine Sci Org
DE short-tailed albatross; Phoebastria albatrus; hotspots; upwelling;
submarine canyon; Alaska
ID CENTRAL ALEUTIAN ISLANDS; SOUTHEASTERN BERING SEA; OCEANOGRAPHY;
CIRCULATION; SEABIRDS; FEATURES; EASTERN; PASSES; SHELF
AB The short-tailed albatross (Phoebastria albatrus) is a rare and endangered seabird that ranges widely over the northern North Pacific. Populations are slowly recovering but birds face several threats at sea, in particular the incidental capture of birds in long-line fisheries. Conservation efforts are hampered by a lack of information about the at-sea distribution of this species, especially knowledge of where it may predictably co-occur with long-line fishing effort. During 18 years of transiting the Aleutian Islands Unit of the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge on a research vessel, we observed short-tailed albatross on 65 occasions. They were consistently observed near Ingenstrem Rocks (Buldir Pass) in the western Aleutians and near Seguam Pass in the central Aleutians. Based on the oceanographic characteristics of the locations where we saw most of the birds, we hypothesized that short-tailed albatross "hotspots" were located where tidal currents and steep bottom topography generate strong vertical mixing along the Aleutian Archipelago. As a test of this hypothesis, we analyzed a database containing 1432 opportunistic observations of 2463 short-tailed albatross at sea in the North Pacific. These data showed that short-tailed albatross were closely associated with shelf-edge habitats throughout the northern Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea. In addition to Ingenstrem Rocks and Seguam Pass, important hotspots for short-tailed albatross in the Aleutians included Near Strait, Samalga Pass, and the shelf-edge south of Umnak/Unalaska islands. In the Bering Sea, hotspots were located along margins of Zhemchug, St. Matthews and Pervenets canyons. Because these short-tailed albatross hotspots are predictable, they are also protectable by regulation of threatening activities at local spatial scales. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
Alaska Maritime Natl Wildlife Refuge, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Homer, AK 99603 USA.
US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
USFWS, Anchorage Fish & Wildlife Field Off, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA.
Int Pacific Halibut Commiss, Seattle, WA 98145 USA.
Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Piatt, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
EM john_piatt@usgs.gov
RI Ladd, Carol/M-6159-2014;
OI Ladd, Carol/0000-0003-1065-430X; Drew, Gary/0000-0002-6789-0891
NR 62
TC 38
Z9 44
U1 3
U2 24
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0967-0645
J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II
JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr.
PY 2006
VL 53
IS 3-4
BP 387
EP 398
DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.01.008
PG 12
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 066AO
UT WOS:000239201900010
ER
PT J
AU Pederson, GT
Gray, ST
Fagre, DB
Graumlich, LJ
AF Pederson, Gregory T.
Gray, Stephen T.
Fagre, Daniel B.
Graumlich, Lisa J.
TI Long-duration drought variability and impacts on ecosystem services: A
case study from Glacier National Park, Montana
SO EARTH INTERACTIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE paleoclimatology; Glacier National Park; ecosystem services
ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; PACIFIC DECADAL OSCILLATION; RING BASED
RECONSTRUCTIONS; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; NORTH-AMERICA; MASS-BALANCE;
TIME-SERIES; PRECIPITATION; REGIMES; OCEAN
AB Instrumental climate records suggest that summer precipitation and winter snowpack in Glacier National Park ( Glacier NP), Montana, vary significantly over decadal to multidecadal time scales. Because instrumental records for the region are limited to the twentieth century, knowledge of the range of variability associated with these moisture anomalies and their impacts on ecosystems and physical processes are limited. The authors developed a reconstruction of summer ( June - August) moisture variability spanning A. D. 1540 - 2000 from a multispecies network of tree-ring chronologies in Glacier NP. Decadal-scale drought and pluvial regimes were defined as any event lasting 10 yr or greater, and the significance of each potential regime was assessed using intervention analysis. Intervention analysis prevents single intervening years of average or opposing moisture conditions from ending what was otherwise a sustained moisture regime. The reconstruction shows numerous decadal-scale shifts between persistent drought and wet events prior to the instrumental period ( before A. D. 1900). Notable wet events include a series of three long-duration, high-magnitude pluvial regimes spanning the end of the Little Ice Age ( A. D. 1770 - 1840). Though the late-nineteenth century was marked by a series of > 10 yr droughts, the single most severe dry event occurred in the early-twentieth century ( A. D. 1917 - 41). These decadal-scale dry and wet events, in conjunction with periods of high and low snowpack, have served as a driver of ecosystem processes such as forest fires and glacial dynamics in the Glacier NP region.
Using a suite of paleoproxy reconstructions and information from previous studies examining the relationship between climate variability and natural processes, the authors explore how such persistent moisture anomalies affect the delivery of vital goods and services provided by Glacier NP and surrounding areas. These analyses show that regional water resources and tourism are particularly vulnerable to persistent moisture anomalies in the Glacier NP area. Many of these same decadal-scale wet and dry events were also seen among a wider network of hydroclimatic reconstructions along a north - south transect of the Rocky Mountains. Such natural climate variability can, in turn, have enormous impacts on the sustainable provision of natural resources over wide areas. Overall, these results highlight the susceptibility of goods and services provided by protected areas like Glacier NP to natural climate variability, and show that this susceptibility will likely be compounded by the effects of future human-induced climate change.
C1 Montana State Univ, Big Sky Inst, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Clagier Field Stn, W Glacier, MT USA.
US Geol Survey, Desert Lab, Tucson, AZ USA.
RP Pederson, GT (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Big Sky Inst, 106 AJM Johnson Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
EM gpederson@montana.edu
RI Graumlich, Lisa/B-6830-2009; Graumlich, Lisa/A-1421-2012
OI Graumlich, Lisa/0000-0003-1239-1873
NR 90
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 4
U2 20
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1087-3562
J9 EARTH INTERACT
JI Earth Interact.
PY 2006
VL 10
AR 4
PG 28
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 096EI
UT WOS:000241359800001
ER
PT S
AU Chander, G
Micijevic, E
AF Chander, Gyanesh
Micijevic, Esad
BE Butler, JJ
Xiong, J
TI Absolute calibration accuracy of L4 TM and L5 TM sensor image pairs -
art. no. 62960D
SO Earth Observing Systems XI
SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
(SPIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XI
CY AUG 14-16, 2006
CL San Diego, CA
DE Landsat; TM; ETM; calibration; characterization; spectral bands;
detectors; gain; bias; look-up-table; IC; RSR; reflectance
ID RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION; LANDSAT
AB The Landsat suite of satellites has collected the longest continuous archive of multispectral data of any land-observing space program. From the Landsat program's inception in 1972 to the present, the Earth science user community has benefited from a historical record of remotely sensed data. However, little attention has been paid to ensuring that the data are calibrated and comparable from mission to mission. Launched in 1982 and 1984 respectively, the Landsat 4 (L4) and Landsat 5 (L5) Thematic Mappers (TM) are the backbone of an extensive archive of moderate resolution Earth imagery. To evaluate the "current" absolute accuracy of these two sensors, image pairs from the L5 TM and L4 TM sensors were compared. The approach involves comparing image statistics derived from large common areas observed eight days apart by the two sensors. The average percent differences in reflectance estimates obtained from the L4 TM agree with those from the L5 TM to within 15 percent. Additional work to characterize the absolute differences between the two sensors over the entire mission is in progress.
C1 USGS, SAIC, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
RP Chander, G (reprint author), USGS, SAIC, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
NR 7
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 0-8194-6375-2
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2006
VL 6296
BP D2960
EP D2960
AR 62960D
DI 10.1117/12.683240
PG 12
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
GA BFI34
UT WOS:000241988000012
ER
PT S
AU Micijevic, E
Chander, G
AF Micijevic, Esad
Chander, Gyanesh
BE Butler, JJ
Xiong, J
TI Stability of Landsat-4 Thematic Mapper outgassing models - art. no.
62960E
SO Earth Observing Systems XI
SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
(SPIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XI
CY AUG 14-16, 2006
CL San Diego, CA
DE Landsat; Thematic Mapper (TM); outgassing; icing; radiometry;
contamination; characterization; calibration
AB Oscillations in radiometric gains of the short wave infrared (SWIR) bands in Landsat-4 (L4) and Landsat-5 (L5) Thematic Mappers (TMs) are observed through an analysis of detector responses to the Internal Calibrator (IC) pulses. The oscillations are believed to be caused by an interference effect due to a contaminant film buildup on the window of the cryogenically cooled dewar that houses these detectors. This process of contamination, referred to as outgassing effects, has been well characterized using an optical thin-film model that relates detector responses to the accumulated film thickness and its growth rate. The current models for L4 TM are based on average detector responses to the second brightest IC lamp and have been derived from three data sets acquired during different times throughout the instrument's lifetime. Unlike in L5 TM outgassing characterization, it was found that the L4 TM responses to all three IC lamps can be used to provide accurate characterization and correction for outgassing effects. The analysis of single detector responses revealed an up to five percent difference in the estimated oscillating periods and also indicated a gradual variation of contaminant growth rate over the focal plane.
C1 USGS, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
RP Micijevic, E (reprint author), USGS, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 0-8194-6375-2
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2006
VL 6296
BP E2960
EP E2960
AR 62960E
DI 10.1117/12.683264
PG 11
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
GA BFI34
UT WOS:000241988000013
ER
PT S
AU Meyer, D
Chander, G
AF Meyer, David
Chander, Gyanesh
BE Butler, JJ
Xiong, J
TI Cross-calibration of MODIS with ETM plus and ALI sensors for long-term
monitoring of land surface processes - art. no. 62960H
SO Earth Observing Systems XI
SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
(SPIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XI
CY AUG 14-16, 2006
CL San Diego, CA
DE Landsat; TM; ETM; EO-1; ALI; Terra; MODIS; AM constellation;
calibration; characterization; spectral bands; detectors; gain; bias;
RSR; reflectance; data fusion; interoperability
ID LANDSAT-7 ETM+
AB Increasingly, data from multiple sensors are used to gain a more complete understanding of land surface processes at a variety of scales. Although higher-level products (e.g., vegetation cover, albedo, surface temperature) derived from different sensors can be validated independently, the degree to which these sensors and their products can be compared to one another is vastly improved if their relative spectro-radiometric responses are known. Most often, sensors are directly calibrated to diffuse solar irradiation or vicariously to ground targets. However, space-based targets are not traceable to metrological standards, and vicarious calibrations are expensive and provide a poor sampling of a sensor's full dynamic range. Cross-calibration of two sensors can augment these methods if certain conditions can be met: (1) the spectral responses are similar, (2) the observations are reasonably concurrent (similar atmospheric & solar illumination conditions), (3) errors due to misregistrations of inhomogeneous surfaces can be minimized (including scale differences), and (4) the viewing geometry is similar (or, some reasonable knowledge of surface bi-directional reflectance distribution functions is available).
This study explores the impacts of cross-calibrating sensors when such conditions are met to some degree but not perfectly. In order to constrain the range of conditions at some level, the analysis is limited to sensors where cross-calibration studies have been conducted (Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) on Landsat7 (1-7), Advance Land Imager (ALI) and Hyperion on Earth Observer-1 (EO-1)) and including systems having somewhat dissimilar geometry, spatial resolution & spectral response characteristics but are still part of the so-called "A.M. constellation" (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) aboard the Terra platform). Measures for spectral response differences and methods for cross calibrating such sensors are provided in this study. These instruments are cross calibrated using the Railroad Valley playa in Nevada. Best fit linear coefficients (slope and offset) are provided for ALI-to-MODIS and ETM+-to-MODIS cross calibrations, and root-mean-squared errors (RMSEs) and correlation coefficients are provided to quantify the uncertainty in these relationships. In theory, the linear fits and uncertainties can be used to compare radiance and reflectance products derived from each instrument.
C1 USGS, SAIC, Ctr Earth Resources Observ & Sci, EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
RP Meyer, D (reprint author), USGS, SAIC, Ctr Earth Resources Observ & Sci, EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
NR 8
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 4
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 0-8194-6375-2
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2006
VL 6296
BP H2960
EP H2960
AR 62960H
DI 10.1117/12.683567
PG 11
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
GA BFI34
UT WOS:000241988000016
ER
PT S
AU Stone, TC
Kieffer, HH
AF Stone, Thomas C.
Kieffer, Hugh H.
BE Butler, JJ
Xiong, J
TI Use of the Moon to support on-orbit sensor calibration for climate
change measurements - art. no. 62960Y
SO Earth Observing Systems XI
SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
(SPIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XI
CY AUG 14-16, 2006
CL San Diego, CA
DE on-orbit calibration; climate change; moon; irradiance
ID LUNAR; IRRADIANCE
AB Production of reliable climate datasets from multiple observational measurements acquired by remote sensing satellite systems available now and in the future places stringent requirements on the stability of sensors and consistency among the instruments and platforms. Detecting trends in environmental parameters measured at solar reflectance wavelengths (0.3 to 2.5 microns) requires on-orbit instrument stability at a level of 1% over a decade. This benchmark can be attained using the Moon as a radiometric reference. The lunar calibration program at the U.S. Geological Survey has an operational model to predict the lunar spectral irradiance with precision similar to 1%, explicitly accounting for the effects of phase, lunar librations, and the lunar surface photometric function. A system for utilization of the Moon by on-orbit instruments has been established. With multiple lunar views taken by a spacecraft instrument, sensor response characterization with sub-percent precision over several years has been achieved. Meteorological satellites in geostationary orbit (GEO) capture the Moon in operational images; applying lunar calibration to GEO visible-channel image archives has the potential to develop a climate record extending decades into the past. The USGS model and system can provide reliable transfer of calibration among instruments that have viewed the Moon as a common source. This capability will be enhanced with improvements to the USGS model absolute scale. Lunar calibration may prove essential to the critical calibration needs to cover a potential gap in observational capabilities prior to deployment of NPP/NPOESS. A key requirement is that current and future instruments observe the Moon.
C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
RP Stone, TC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
NR 12
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 0-8194-6375-2
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2006
VL 6296
BP Y2960
EP Y2960
AR 62960Y
DI 10.1117/12.678605
PG 9
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
GA BFI34
UT WOS:000241988000031
ER
PT J
AU Geist, EL
Bilek, SL
Arcas, D
Titov, VV
AF Geist, EL
Bilek, SL
Arcas, D
Titov, VV
TI Differences in tsunami generation between the December 26, 2004 and
March 28, 2005 Sumatra earthquakes
SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE
LA English
DT Article
DE 2004 Sumatra Earthquake; 2005 Sumatra Earthquake; tsunami; tsunami
generation; potential energy; slip distribution
ID TOKACHI-OKI EARTHQUAKE; ANDAMAN EARTHQUAKE; SOURCE PARAMETERS; LOCAL
TSUNAMIS; FAULT MODEL; WAVE-FORMS; HALF-SPACE; BODY WAVES; SLIP; RUPTURE
AB Source parameters affecting tsunami generation and propagation for the M-w > 9.0 December 26, 2004 and the M-w = 8.6 March 28, 2005 earthquakes are examined to explain the dramatic difference in tsunami observations. We evaluate both scalar measures (seismic moment, maximum slip, potential energy) and finite-source representations (distributed slip and far-field beaming from finite source dimensions) of tsunami generation potential. There exists significant variability in local tsunami runup with respect to the most readily available measure, seismic moment. The local tsunami intensity for the December 2004 earthquake is similar to other tsunamigenic earthquakes of comparable magnitude. In contrast, the March 2005 local tsunami was deficient relative to its earthquake magnitude. Tsunami potential energy calculations more accurately reflect the difference in tsunami severity, although these calculations are dependent on knowledge of the slip distribution and therefore difficult to implement in a real-time system. A significant factor affecting tsunami generation unaccounted for in these scalar measures is the location of regions of seafloor displacement relative to the overlying water depth. The deficiency of the March 2005 tsunami seems to be related to concentration of slip in the down-dip part of the rupture zone and the fact that a substantial portion of the vertical displacement field occurred in shallow water or on land. The comparison of the December 2004 and March 2005 Sumatra earthquakes presented in this study is analogous to previous studies comparing the 1952 and 2003 Tokachi-Oki earthquakes and tsunamis, in terms of the effect slip distribution has on local tsunamis. Results from these studies indicate the difficulty in rapidly assessing local tsunami runup from magnitude and epicentral location information alone.
C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA.
Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM egeist@usgs.gov
OI Titov, Vasily/0000-0002-1630-3829
NR 68
TC 31
Z9 32
U1 2
U2 12
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1880-5981
J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE
JI Earth Planets Space
PY 2006
VL 58
IS 2
BP 185
EP 193
PG 9
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 018MZ
UT WOS:000235769800012
ER
PT B
AU Dwyer, JL
AF Dwyer, John L.
BE Qu, JJ
Gao, W
Kafatos, M
Murphy, RE
Salomonson, VV
TI Remotely sensed data available from the US geological survey EROS data
center
SO Earth Science Satellite Remote Sensing: Data, Computational Processing,
and Tools, Vol 2
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 2nd Workshop of the Earth Science Satellite Remote Sensing
CY OCT 15-22, 2002
CL George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA
HO George Mason Univ
ID COVER CHARACTERISTICS DATABASE; DATA SET; LANDSAT
C1 USGS, Ctr EROS, SAIC, Land Proc DAAC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
RP Dwyer, JL (reprint author), USGS, Ctr EROS, SAIC, Land Proc DAAC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
OI Dwyer, John/0000-0002-8281-0896
NR 13
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES
BN 978-3-540-35630-1
PY 2006
BP 18
EP 51
DI 10.1007/978-3-540-37294-3_3
PG 34
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing
SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing
GA BFY54
UT WOS:000245437100003
ER
PT B
AU Dwyer, J
Schmidt, G
AF Dwyer, John
Schmidt, Gail
BE Qu, JJ
Gao, W
Kafatos, M
Murphy, RE
Salomonson, VV
TI The MODIS reprojection tool
SO EARTH SCIENCE SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING: DATA, COMPUTATIONAL PROCESSING,
AND TOOLS, VOL 2
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 2nd Workshop of the Earth Science Satellite Remote Sensing
CY OCT 15-22, 2002
CL George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA
HO George Mason Univ
C1 [Dwyer, John] USGS Ctr EROS, SAIC, Land Proc DAAC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
[Schmidt, Gail] USGS Ctr EROS, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
RP Dwyer, J (reprint author), USGS Ctr EROS, SAIC, Land Proc DAAC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
EM dwyer@usgs.gov
OI Dwyer, John/0000-0002-8281-0896
FU Science Applications International Corporation [1434-CR-97-CN-40274]
FX This work was made possible in part by Science Applications
International Corporation under U.S. Geological Survey contract
1434-CR-97-CN-40274.
NR 2
TC 24
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 2
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES
BN 978-3-540-35630-1
PY 2006
BP 162
EP +
DI 10.1007/978-3-540-37294-3_9
PG 2
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing
SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing
GA BFY54
UT WOS:000245437100009
ER
PT J
AU Osterkamp, WR
Toy, TJ
Lenart, MT
AF Osterkamp, WR
Toy, TJ
Lenart, MT
TI Development of partial rock veneers by root throw in a subalpine setting
SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS
LA English
DT Article
DE root throw; bioturbation; rock-fragment veneer; sediment yield;
pit/mound complex; hillslope stability
ID BOULDER DEPOSITS; GULLY GRAVURE; FRONT RANGE; COLORADO; FOREST;
DISTURBANCE; EVOLUTION; FRAGMENTS; PAVEMENTS; HISTORY
AB Rock veneers stabilize hillslope surfaces, occur especially in areas of immature soil, and form through a variety of process sets that includes root throw. Near Westcliffe, Colorado, USA, data were collected from a 20 X 500 in transect on the east slope of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains. Ages of pit/mound complexes with rock fragments exposed at the surface by root throw ranged from recent (freshly toppled tree) to unknown (complete tree decay). Calculations based on dimensions of the pit/mound complexes, estimated time of tree toppling, sizes of exposed rock fragments, and percentage rock covers at pit/mound complexes, as well as within the transect area, indicate that recent rates of root throw have resulted in only partial rock veneering since late Pleistocene deglaciation. Weathering of rock fragments prevents development of an extensive rock veneer and causes a balance, achieved within an estimated 700 years, between the rates of rock-fragment exposure by root throw and clast disintegration by chemical reduction. The estimated rate of rock-fragment reduction accounts for part of the fluvial sediment yields ob served for forested subalpine areas of western North America. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA.
Univ Denver, Dept Geog, Denver, CO 80208 USA.
Univ Arizona, Inst Study Planet Earth, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
RP Osterkamp, WR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1675 W Anklam Rd, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA.
EM wroster@usgs.gov
NR 49
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 3
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI CHICHESTER
PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND
SN 0197-9337
J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND
JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf.
PD JAN
PY 2006
VL 31
IS 1
BP 1
EP 14
DI 10.1002/esp.1222
PG 14
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 012YZ
UT WOS:000235378100001
ER
PT J
AU Godt, JW
Baum, RL
Chleborad, AF
AF Godt, JW
Baum, RL
Chleborad, AF
TI Rainfall characteristics for shallow landsliding in Seattle, Washington,
USA
SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS
LA English
DT Article
DE landslide; debris flow; rainfall threshold
ID TRIGGERED LANDSLIDES; MODEL; PROBABILITY; THRESHOLDS; PREDICTION;
INTENSITY
AB Shallow landsliding in the Seattle, Washington, area, has caused the occasional loss of human life and millions of dollars in damage to property. The effective management of the hazard requires an understanding of the rainfall conditions that result in landslides. We present an empirical approach to quantify the antecedent moisture conditions and rainstorm intensity and duration that have triggered shallow landsliding using 25 years of hourly rainfall data and a complementary record of landslide occurrence. Our approach combines a simple water balance to estimate the antecedent moisture conditions of hillslope materials and a rainfall intensity-duration threshold to identify periods when shallow landsliding can be expected. The water balance is calibrated with field-monitoring data and combined with the rainfall intensity-duration threshold using a decision tree. Results are cast in terms of a hypothetical landslide warning system. Two widespread landslide events are correctly identified by the warning scheme; however, it is less accurate for more isolated landsliding. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Godt, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,DFC MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM jgodt@usgs.gov
RI Namikawa, Laercio/C-5559-2013;
OI Namikawa, Laercio/0000-0001-7847-1804; Baum, Rex/0000-0001-5337-1970
NR 42
TC 97
Z9 99
U1 2
U2 15
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0197-9337
J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND
JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf.
PD JAN
PY 2006
VL 31
IS 1
BP 97
EP 110
DI 10.1002/esp.1237
PG 14
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 012YZ
UT WOS:000235378100007
ER
PT S
AU Choy, GL
McGarr, A
Kirby, SH
Boatwright, J
AF Choy, George L.
McGarr, Art
Kirby, Stephen H.
Boatwright, John
BE Abercrombie, R
McGarr, A
DiToro, G
Kanamori, H
TI An overview of the global variability in radiated energy and apparent
stress
SO EARTHQUAKES: RADIATED ENERGY AND THE PHYSICS OF FAULTING
SE Geophysical Monograph Book Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Radiated Energy and the Physics of Earthquake Faulting
CY JUN, 2005
CL Portland, ME
SP ECNP
ID EARTHQUAKE SOURCE PARAMETERS; SEISMIC ENERGY; WAVEFORM DATA; PLATE;
SLIP; DEFORMATION; LITHOSPHERE; CALIFORNIA; PATTERNS; FAULTS
AB A global study of radiated seismic energies ER and apparent stresses T. reveals systematic patterns. Earthquakes with the highest apparent stress occur in regions of intense deformation and rupture strong lithosphere. In oceanic settings, these are strike-slip earthquakes (tau(a) up to 27 MPa) occurring intraplate or at evolving ends of transform faults. At subduction zones and intracontinental settings, these are strike-slip earthquakes with T. up to 7 MPa. Normal-fault earthquakes exhibit a more complex pattern. Higher tau(a)'s (up to 5 MPa) are found for intraslab events at depths from 35 to 70 km that occur near zones of intense deformation such as a sharp slab bend or the juncture of colliding slabs. Lower tau(a)'s (< 1 MPa) are found for normal-fault earthquakes at the outer rise and outer trench wall or deep in flat warm slabs. The lowest average tau(a) (0.3 MPa) is found for thrust-fault earthquakes at subduction zones. The variation of average apparent stress with tectonics suggests a relationship with lithospheric strength and fault maturity. Mature faults, such as plate boundaries that have experienced large cumulative slip, appear to have low strength and tend to yield earthquakes with low apparent stresses. Immature faults, in contrast, are stronger and yield high apparent stresses because either they are the result of fresh-rock fracture or at least their cumulative fault slip is quite small. These results have implications of use to the seismic engineering community because E-R and its magnitude counterpart M-e are reliable indicators of the potential for damaging ground motion.
C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Choy, GL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
NR 39
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0065-8448
BN 978-0-87590-435-1
J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER
PY 2006
VL 170
BP 43
EP 57
DI 10.1029/170GM01
PG 15
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA BGB25
UT WOS:000245892400005
ER
PT S
AU Beeler, NM
AF Beeler, N. M.
BE Abercrombie, R
McGarr, A
DiToro, G
Kanamori, H
TI Inferring earthquake source properties from laboratory observations and
the scope of lab contributions to source physics
SO EARTHQUAKES: RADIATED ENERGY AND THE PHYSICS OF FAULTING
SE Geophysical Monograph Book Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Radiated Energy and the Physics of Earthquake Faulting
CY JUN, 2005
CL Portland, ME
SP ECNP
ID FRACTURE-SURFACE-ENERGY; STICK-SLIP FRICTION; APPARENT STRESS; DEPENDENT
FRICTION; ROCK FRICTION; FAULT; RUPTURE; MOTION; DROP; VELOCITY
AB I summarize implications of lab-measured high slip speed fault strength for earthquake source properties as could be inferred from radiated displacements. Source physics influence the radiated field through the magnitude of dissipative processes that reduce the energy available to be radiated. Based on the energy budget I conclude, as others have previously, that the static stress drop and a measure of efficiency, the ratio of apparent stress to static stress drop, are particularly useful for classifying source physics. For the limited laboratory experiments on known mechanisms of high speed strength loss, low temperature friction, flash weakening, bulk melting, and unexpected weakening associated with silica gel formation, I estimate the implied stress drop and efficiency, with reference to typical (MPa stress drops, 20% efficiency). Conventional friction produces typical stress drops and typical efficiencies, thus it can naturally explain source properties of typical earthquakes. Unexpected weakening produces large stress drops and typical efficiencies. This is not a likely mechanism to produce typical earthquakes but could be involved in exceptional events. Flash weakening produces high efficiency and is not a likely mechanism for producing typical earthquake source properties. Dynamic stress drops would be very large and on-fault effective shear fracture energies are negligible. Similar to flash weakening, bulk melting will produce large dynamic stress drops. Not enough is known at present to estimate efficiency; the on-fault effective shear fracture energy is relatively small.
C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Beeler, NM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
NR 93
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0065-8448
BN 978-0-87590-435-1
J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER
PY 2006
VL 170
BP 99
EP 119
DI 10.1029/170GM12
PG 21
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA BGB25
UT WOS:000245892400011
ER
PT J
AU Sedinger, JS
Ward, DH
Schamber, JL
Butler, WI
Eldridge, WD
Conant, B
Voelzer, JF
Chelgren, ND
Herzog, MP
AF Sedinger, JS
Ward, DH
Schamber, JL
Butler, WI
Eldridge, WD
Conant, B
Voelzer, JF
Chelgren, ND
Herzog, MP
TI Effects of El Nino on distribution and reproductive performance of Black
Brant
SO ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE arctic; Black Brant; Branta bernicla nigricans; breeding; demography; El
Nino; herbivore; population; robust design; sea surface temperature;
Zostera marina
ID LESSER SNOW GEESE; YUKON-KUSKOKWIM DELTA; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SURVIVAL
ESTIMATION; EELGRASS ABUNDANCE; BERNICLA-NIGRICANS; MARKED ANIMALS;
CLIMATE-CHANGE; CLUTCH SIZE; GROWTH
AB Climate in low-latitude wintering areas may influence temperate and high-latitude breeding populations of birds, but demonstrations of such relationships have been rare because of difficulties in linking wintering with breeding populations. We used long-term aerial surveys in Mexican wintering areas and breeding areas in Alaska, USA, to assess numbers of Black Brant (Branta bernicla nigricans; hereafter brant) on their principal wintering and breeding area in El Nino and non-El Nino years. We used Pollock's robust design to directly estimate probability of breeding and apparent annual survival of individually marked brant at the Tutakoke River (TR) colony, Alaska, in each year between 1988 and 2001. Fewer brant wintered in Mexico during every El Nino event since 1965. Fewer brant were observed on the principal breeding area following each El Nino since surveys began in 1985. Probability of breeding was negatively related to January sea surface temperature along the subtropical coast of North America during the preceding winter., Between 23% (five-year-olds or older) and 30% (three-year-olds) fewer brant nested in 1998 following the strong El Nino event in the winter of 1997-1998 than in non-El Nino years. This finding is consistent with life history theory, which predicts that longer-lived species preserve adult survival at the expense of reproduction. Oceanographic conditions off Baja California, apparently by their effect on Zostera marina (eelgrass), strongly influence winter distribution of brant geese and their reproduction (but not survival), which in turn affects ecosystem dynamics in Alaska.
C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA.
US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arlington, VA 22203 USA.
US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Portland, OR 97232 USA.
Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Sedinger, JS (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, 1000 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA.
EM jsedinger@cabnr.unr.edu
NR 56
TC 23
Z9 24
U1 6
U2 24
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA
SN 0012-9658
J9 ECOLOGY
JI Ecology
PD JAN
PY 2006
VL 87
IS 1
BP 151
EP 159
DI 10.1890/04-1013
PG 9
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 021XU
UT WOS:000236020000017
PM 16634306
ER
PT J
AU Kendall, WL
Conn, PB
Hines, JE
AF Kendall, WL
Conn, PB
Hines, JE
TI Combining multistate capture-recapture data with tag recoveries to
estimate demographic parameters
SO ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE bird bond recoveries; Branta canadensis; breeding; capture-resight;
fidelity; life history states; metapopulation; migration; multisite
studies; multistrata models; trade-off; wintering
ID BAND REPORTING RATES; TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; BREEDING PROPORTIONS;
MOVEMENT RATES; CANADA GEESE; MARK-RESIGHT; MODELS; DISPERSAL; SURVIVAL;
BIRDS
AB Matrix population models that allow an animal to occupy more than one state over time are important tools for population and evolutionary ecologists. Definition of state call vary, including location for metapopulation models and breeding state for life history models. For populations whose members can be marked and subsequently re-encountered, multistate mark-recapture models are available to estimate the survival and transition probabilities needed to construct population models. Multistate models have proved extremely useful in this context, but they often require a substantial amount of data and restrict estimation of transition probabilities to those areas or states subjected to formal sampling effort. At the same time, for many species, there are considerable tag recovery data provided by the public that could be modeled in order to increase precision and to extend inference to a greater number of areas or states. Here we present a statistical model for combining multistate capture-recapture data (e.g., from a breeding ground study) with multistate tag recovery data (e.g., from wintering grounds). We use this method to analyze data from a study of Canada Geese (Branta canadensis) in the Atlantic Flyway of North America. Our analysis produced marginal improvement in precision, due to relatively few recoveries, but we demonstrate how precision could be further improved with increases in the probability that a retrieved tag is reported.
C1 USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Biomath Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
RP Kendall, WL (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
EM William_Kendall@usgs.gov
NR 38
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 2
U2 21
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA
SN 0012-9658
J9 ECOLOGY
JI Ecology
PD JAN
PY 2006
VL 87
IS 1
BP 169
EP 177
DI 10.1890/05-0637
PG 9
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 021XU
UT WOS:000236020000019
PM 16634308
ER
PT J
AU Adams, AAY
Skagen, SK
Savidge, JA
AF Adams, AAY
Skagen, SK
Savidge, JA
TI Modeling post-fledging survival of Lark Buntings in response to
ecological and biological factors
SO ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE avian demography; Calamospiza melanocorys; drought; information theory;
joint model; Lark Bunting; Pawnee National Grassland, Colorado, USA;
post-fledging survival; program MARK; radiotelemetry
ID RADIO TRANSMITTERS; MYOTIS-AUSTRORIPARIUS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; FOREST
MANAGEMENT; MIGRATORY BIRDS; WOOD THRUSHES; NORTH-DAKOTA; POPULATION;
JUVENILE; MOVEMENTS
AB We evaluated the influences of several ecological, biological, and methodological factors on post-fledging survival of a shortgrass prairie bird, the Lark Bunting (Cal-amospiza melanocorys). We estimated daily post-fledging survival (n = 206, 82 broods) using radiotelemetry and color bands to track fledglings. Daily survival probabilities were best explained by drought intensity, time in season (quadratic trend), ages <= 3 d post-fledging, and rank given drought intensity. Drought intensity had a strong negative effect on survival. Rank was an important predictor of fledgling survival only during the severe drought of 2002 when the smallest fledglings had lower survival. Recently fledged young (ages : 3 d post-fledging) undergoing the transition from nest to surrounding habitat experienced markedly lower survival, demonstrating the vulnerable nature of this time period. Survival was greater in mid and late season than early season, corresponding to our assumptions of food availability. Neither mark type nor sex of attending parent influenced survival. The model-averaged product of the 22-d survival calculated using mean rank and median value of time in season was 0.360 +/- 0.08 in 2001 and 0.276 +/- 0.08 in 2002. Survival estimates that account for age, condition of young, ecological conditions, and other factors are important for parameterization of realistic population models. Biologists using population growth models to elucidate mechanisms of population declines should attempt to estimate species-specific of post-fledging survival rather than use generalized estimates.
C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
RP Adams, AAY (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM ayackel@cnr.colostate.edu
NR 64
TC 63
Z9 63
U1 2
U2 26
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA
SN 0012-9658
J9 ECOLOGY
JI Ecology
PD JAN
PY 2006
VL 87
IS 1
BP 178
EP 188
DI 10.1890/04-1922
PG 11
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 021XU
UT WOS:000236020000020
PM 16634309
ER
PT J
AU Ludington, S
Folger, H
Kotlyar, B
Mossotti, VG
Coombs, MJ
Hildenbrand, TG
AF Ludington, S
Folger, H
Kotlyar, B
Mossotti, VG
Coombs, MJ
Hildenbrand, TG
TI Regional surficial geochemistry of the Northern Great Basin
SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID LARGE-SCALE FRACTURES; UNITED-STATES; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; NEVADA;
DEPOSITS; GOLD; AMERICA; GRAVITY; GENESIS; OREGON
AB The regional distribution of arsenic and 20 other elements in stream-sediment samples in northern Nevada and southeastern Oregon was studied in order to gain new insights about the geologic framework and patterns of hydrotbermal mineralization in the area. Data were used from 10,261 samples that were originally collected during the National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) Hydrogeochemical and Stream Sediment Reconnaissance (HSSR) program in the 1970s. The data are available as U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-0227.
The data were analyzed using traditional dot maps and interpolation between data points to construct high-resolution raster images, which were correlated with geographic and geologic information using a geographic information system (GIS). Wavelength filters were also used to deconvolute the geochemical images into various textural components, in order to study features with dimensions of a few kilometers to dimensions of hundreds of kilometers.
The distribution of arsenic, antimony, gold, and silver is different from distributions of the other elements in that they show a distinctive high background in the southeast part of the area, generally in areas underlain by the pre-Mesozoic craton. Arsenic is an extremely mobile element and can be used to delineate structures that served as conduits for the circulation of metal-bearing fluids. It was used to delineate large crustal structures and is particularly good for delineation of the Battle Mountain-Eureka mineral trend and the Steens lineament, which corresponds to a post-Miocene fault zone. Arsenic distribution patterns also delineated the Black Rock structural boundary, northwest of which the basement apparently consists entirely of Miocene and younger crust.
Arsenic is also useful to locate district-sized hydrothermal systems and clusters of systems. Most important types of hydrothermal mineral deposit in the northern Great Basin appear to be strongly associated with arsenic; this is less so for low-sulfidation epithermal deposits.
In addition to individual elements, the distribution of factor scores that resulted from principal component studies of the data was used. The strongest factor is characterized by Fe, Ti, V, Cn, Ni, and Zn and is used to map the distribution of distinctive basalts that are high in Cu, Ni, and Zn and that appear to be related to the Steens Basalt. The other important factor is related to hydrothermal precious metal mineralization and is characterized by Sb, Ag, As, Ph, Au, and Zn. The map of the distribution of this factor is similar in appearance to the one for arsenic, and we used wavelength filters to remove regional variations in the background for this factor score. The resulting residual map shows a very strong association with the most significant precious metal deposits and districts in the region. This residual map also shows a number of areas that are riot associated with known mineral deposits, illustrating the utility of the method as a regional exploration tool. A number of these prospective areas are distant from known significant mineral deposits.
The deconvolution of the spatial wavelength structure of geochemical maps, combined with the use of large regional geochemical data sets and GIS, permits new possibilities for the use of stream-sediment geochernistry in the study of large-scale crustal features as well as the isolation of mineral-district scale anomalies.
C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Ludington, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,Mail Stop 901, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM slud@usgs.gov
NR 63
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 3
PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC
PI LITTLETON
PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA
SN 0361-0128
J9 ECON GEOL
JI Econ. Geol.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2006
VL 101
IS 1
BP 33
EP 57
DI 10.2113/101.1.33
PG 25
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 044QB
UT WOS:000237686200002
ER
PT J
AU Vander Wall, SB
Esque, T
Haines, D
Garnett, M
Waitman, BA
AF Vander Wall, Stephen B.
Esque, Todd
Haines, Dustin
Garnett, Megan
Waitman, Ben A.
TI Joshua tree (Yucca brevifolia) seeds are dispersed by seed-caching
rodents
SO ECOSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Joshua tree; scatter hoarding; seed caching; seed dispersal; Yucca
brevifolia
ID AGAVACEAE; MUTUALISM; CONSEQUENCES; DESERT
AB Joshua tree (Yucca brevifolia) is a distinctive and charismatic plant of the Mojave Desert. Although floral biology and seed production of Joshua tree and other yuccas are well understood, the fate of Joshua tree seeds has never been studied. We tested the hypothesis that Joshua tree seeds are dispersed by seed-caching rodents. We radioactively labelled Joshua tree seeds and followed their fates at five source plants in Potosi Wash, Clark County, Nevada, USA. Rodents made a mean of 30.6 caches, usually within 30 in of the base of source plants. Caches contained a mean of 5.2 seeds buried 3-30 mm deep. A variety of rodent species appears to have prepared the caches. Three of the 83 6 Joshua tree seeds (0.4%) cached germinated the following spring. Seed germination using rodent exclosures was nearly 15%. More than 82% of seeds in open plots were removed by granivores, and neither microsite nor supplemental water significantly affected germination. Joshua tree produces seeds in indehiscent pods or capsules, which rodents dismantle to harvest seeds. Because there is no other known means of seed dispersal, it is possible that the Joshua tree-rodent seed dispersal interaction is an obligate mutualism for the plant.
C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
Univ Nevada, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
US Geol Survey, Henderson, NV USA.
Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
RP Vander Wall, SB (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
EM sv@unr.edu
NR 21
TC 19
Z9 20
U1 3
U2 17
PU UNIVERSITE LAVAL
PI ST FOY
PA PAVILLON CHARLES-EUGENE MARCHAND, LOCAL 0166, ST FOY, QUEBEC G1K 7P4,
CANADA
SN 1195-6860
J9 ECOSCIENCE
JI Ecoscience
PY 2006
VL 13
IS 4
BP 539
EP 543
DI 10.2980/1195-6860(2006)13[539:JTYBSA]2.0.CO;2
PG 5
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 124CY
UT WOS:000243346000014
ER
PT J
AU Wheeler, RL
AF Wheeler, RL
TI Quaternary tectonic faulting in the Eastern United States
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Review
DE earthquake hazards; geologic faults; quaternary; paleoseismology;
paleoliquefaction
ID STABLE CONTINENTAL REGIONS; SEISMIC MOMENT ASSESSMENT; CAROLINA
COASTAL-PLAIN; NORTHERN NEW-JERSEY; SOUTH-CAROLINA; NEW-YORK;
PREHISTORIC EARTHQUAKE; ZONE; CHARLESTON; VIRGINIA
AB Paleoseismological study of geologic features thought to result from Quaternary tectonic faulting can characterize the frequencies and sizes of large prehistoric and historical earthquakes, thereby improving the accuracy and precision of seismic-hazard assessments. Greater accuracy and precision can reduce the likelihood of both underprotection and unnecessary design and construction costs. Published studies proposed Quaternary tectonic faulting at 31 faults, folds, seismic zones, and fields of earthquake-induced liquefaction phenomena in the Appalachian Mountains and Coastal Plain. Of the 31 features, seven are of known origin. Four of the seven have nontectonic origins and the other three features are liquefaction fields caused by moderate to large historical and Holocene earthquakes in coastal South Carolina, including Charleston; the Central Virginia Seismic Zone; and the Newbury, Massachusetts, area. However, the causal faults of the three liquefaction fields remain unclear. Charleston has the highest hazard because of large Holocene earthquakes in that area, but the hazard is highly uncertain because the earthquakes are uncertainly located. Of the 31 features, the remaining 24 are of uncertain origin. They require additional work before they can be clearly attributed either to Quaternary tectonic faulting or to nontectonic causes. Of these 24, 14 features, most of them faults, have little or no published geologic evidence of Quaternary tectonic faulting that could indicate the likely occurrence of earthquakes larger than those observed historically. Three more features of the 24 were suggested to have had Quaternary tectonic faulting, but paleoseismological and other studies of them found no evidence of large prehistoric earthquakes. The final seven features of uncertain origin require further examination because all seven are in or near urban areas. They are the Moodus Seismic Zone (Hartford, Connecticut), Dobbs Ferry fault zone and Mosholu fault (New York City), Lancaster Seismic Zone and the epicenter of the shallow Cacoosing Valley earthquake (Lancaster and Reading, Pennsylvania), Kingston fault (central New Jersey between New York and Philadelphia), and Everona fault-Mountain Run fault zone (Washington, D.C., and Arlington and Alexandria, Virginia). (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
RP US Geol Survey, POB 25046,MS 966, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
EM wheeler@usgs.gov
NR 117
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 6
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
J9 ENG GEOL
JI Eng. Geol.
PD JAN
PY 2006
VL 82
IS 3
BP 165
EP 186
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2005.10.005
PG 22
WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Geology
GA 003RE
UT WOS:000234698500004
ER
PT J
AU Day, RH
Doyle, TW
Draugelis-Dale, RO
AF Day, RH
Doyle, TW
Draugelis-Dale, RO
TI Interactive effects of substrate, hydroperiod, and nutrients on seedling
growth of Salix nigra and Taxodium distichum
SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
LA English
DT Article
DE baldcypress; black willow; hydrology; substrate; nutrients; forested
wetlands
ID NATURAL REGENERATION; LOUISIANA SWAMP; RIVER DELTA; BALDCYPRESS; SOIL;
SALINITY; BIOMASS; ALLOCATION; VEGETATION; SURVIVAL
AB The large river swamps of Louisiana have complex topography and hydrology, characterized by black willow (Salix nigra) dominance on accreting alluvial sediments and vast areas of baldcypress (Taxodium distichum) deepwater swamps with highly organic substrates. Seedling survival of these two wetland tree species is influenced by their growth rate in relation to the height and duration of annual flooding in riverine environments. This study examines the interactive effects of substrate, hydroperiod, and nutrients on growth rates of black willow and baldcypress seedlings. In a greenhouse experiment with a split-split-plot design, 1-year seedlings of black willow and baldcypress were subjected to two nutrient treatments (unfertilized versus fertilized), two hydroperiods (continuously flooded versus twice daily flooding/draining), and two substrates (sand versus commercial peat mix). Response variables included height, diameter, lateral branch count, biomass, and root:stem ratio. Black willow growth in height and diameter, as well as all biomass components, were significantly greater in peat substrate than in sand. Black willow showed a significant hydroperiod-nutrient interaction wherein fertilizer increased stem and root biomass under drained conditions, but flooded plants did not respond to fertilization. Baldcypress diameter and root biomass were higher in peat than in sand, and the same two variables increased with fertilization in flooded as well as drained treatments. These results can be used in Louisiana wetland forest models as inputs of seedling growth and survival, regeneration potential, and biomass accumulation rates of black willow and baldeypress. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
RP Day, RH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
EM richard_day@usgs.gov
NR 34
TC 11
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 17
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0098-8472
J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT
JI Environ. Exp. Bot.
PD JAN
PY 2006
VL 55
IS 1-2
BP 163
EP 174
DI 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2004.10.009
PG 12
WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences
SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 984RY
UT WOS:000233323200016
ER
PT J
AU Patton, CJ
AF Patton, CJ
TI Autonomous environmental water quality monitoring - The future of
continuous flow analysis
SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID SAMPLES
C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Patton, CJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver Fed Ctr, Bldg 95, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM cjpatton@usgs.gov
NR 12
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 5
PU CSIRO PUBLISHING
PI COLLINGWOOD
PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA
SN 1448-2517
J9 ENVIRON CHEM
JI Environ. Chem.
PY 2006
VL 3
IS 1
BP 1
EP 2
DI 10.1071/EN06003
PG 2
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences
SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 044VP
UT WOS:000237701400001
ER
PT J
AU Gao, N
Armatas, NG
Shanley, JB
Kamman, NC
Miller, EK
Keeler, GJ
Scherbatskoy, T
Holsen, TM
Young, T
McIlroy, L
Drake, S
Olsen, B
Cady, C
AF Gao, N
Armatas, NG
Shanley, JB
Kamman, NC
Miller, EK
Keeler, GJ
Scherbatskoy, T
Holsen, TM
Young, T
McIlroy, L
Drake, S
Olsen, B
Cady, C
TI Mass balance assessment for mercury in Lake Champlain
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID DISSOLVED GASEOUS MERCURY; ST-LAWRENCE-RIVER; FRESH-WATER LAKES; WET
DEPOSITION; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; FLUXES; METHYLMERCURY; MICHIGAN; VERMONT;
CATCHMENT
AB A mass balance model for mercury in Lake Champlain was developed in an effort to understand the sources, inventories, concentrations, and effects of mercury (Hg) contamination in the lake ecosystem. To construct the mass balance model, air, water, and sediment were sampled as a part of this project and other research/monitoring projects in the Lake Champlain Basin. This project produced a STELLA-based computer model and quantitative apportionments of the principal input and output pathways of Hg for each of 13 segments in the lake. The model Hg concentrations in the lake were consistent with measured concentrations. Specifically, the modeling identified surface water inflows as the largest direct contributor of Hg into the lake. Direct wet deposition to the lake was the second largest source of Hg followed by direct dry deposition. Volatilization and sedimentation losses were identified as the two major removal mechanisms. This study significantly improves previous estimates of the relative importance of Hg input pathways and of wet and dry deposition fluxes of Hg into Lake Champlain. It also provides new estimates of volatilization fluxes across different lake segments and sedimentation loss in the lake.
C1 St Lawrence Univ, Dept Chem, Canton, NY 13617 USA.
US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA.
Vermont Agcy Nat Resources, Dept Environm Conservat, Waterbury, VT 05671 USA.
Ecosyst Res Grp Ltd, Norwich, VT 05055 USA.
Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
Univ Vermont, Sch Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA.
Clarkson Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA.
SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Ctr Earth & Environ Sci, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA.
RP Gao, N (reprint author), St Lawrence Univ, Dept Chem, Canton, NY 13617 USA.
EM ngao@stlawu.edu
NR 49
TC 23
Z9 27
U1 3
U2 19
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD JAN 1
PY 2006
VL 40
IS 1
BP 82
EP 89
DI 10.1021/es050513b
PG 8
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 999WJ
UT WOS:000234421400020
PM 16433336
ER
PT J
AU Stamski, RE
Field, ME
AF Stamski, RE
Field, ME
TI Characterization of sediment trapped by macroalgae on a Hawaiian reef
flat
SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE fleshy algae; terrigenous mud; carbonate; coral reef; Molokai; Hawaii
ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; CORAL-REEF; PHASE-SHIFTS; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT;
COMMUNITY DYNAMICS; SOUTHERN MOLOKAI; ALGAE; MORTALITY; HERBIVORY;
RESPONSES
AB Reef researchers studying community shifts in the balance between corals and fleshy macroalgae have noted that algae are often covered with sediment. This study characterizes sediment trapping by macroalgae within a Hawaiian reef habitat and constrains the controls on this process. Sediment-laden macroalgae were sampled and macroalgal cover was assessed on a wide (similar to I km) reef flat off south-central Molokai. Macroalgae trapped a mean of 1.26 (+/- 0.91 SD) grams of sediment per gram of dry weight biomass and that sediment was dominantly terrigenous mud (59% by weight). It was determined that biomass, as a proxy for algal size, and morphology were not strict controls on the sediment trapping process. Over 300 metric tons of sediment were estimated to be retained by macroalgae across 5.75 km(2) of reef flat (54 g m(-2)), suggesting that this process is an important component of sediment budgets. In addition, understanding the character of sediment trapped by macroalgae may help constrain suspended sediment flux and has implications for nutrient dynamics in reef flat environments. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Earth Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
United State Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
RP Stamski, RE (reprint author), Monterey Bay Natl Marine Sanctuary, 299 Foam St, Monterey, CA 93940 USA.
EM becky.stamski@noaa.gov
NR 34
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 7
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0272-7714
J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S
JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci.
PD JAN
PY 2006
VL 66
IS 1-2
BP 211
EP 216
DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2005.08.010
PG 6
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 005AA
UT WOS:000234792800021
ER
PT S
AU Artemieva, IM
Thybo, H
Kaban, MK
AF Artemieva, Irina M.
Thybo, Hans
Kaban, Mikhail K.
BE Gee, DG
Stephenson, RA
TI Deep Europe today: geophysical synthesis of the upper mantle structure
and lithospheric processes over 3.5 Ga
SO EUROPEAN LITHOSPHERE DYNAMICS
SE Geological Society Memoirs
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID CENOZOIC RIFT SYSTEM; SOUTHEASTERN NORTH-SEA; CENTRAL FENNOSCANDIAN
SHIELD; TORNQUIST-TEISSEYRE ZONE; WAVE VELOCITY STRUCTURE; PANNONIAN
BASIN SYSTEM; MASSIF-CENTRAL FRANCE; 3-D GRAVITY ANALYSIS; DNIEPR-DONETS
BASIN; BALTIC SHIELD
AB We present a summary of geophysical models of the subcrustal lithosphere of Europe. This includes the results from seismic (reflection and refraction profiles, P- and S-wave tomography, mantle anisotropy), gravity, thermal, electromagnetic, elastic and petrological studies of the lithospheric mantle. We discuss major tectonic processes as reflected in the lithospheric structure of Europe, from Precambrian terrane accretion and subduction to Phanerozoic rifting, volcanism, subduction and continent-continent collision. The differences in the lithospheric structure of Precambrian and Phanerozoic Europe, as illustrated by a comparative analysis of different geophysical data, are shown to have both a compositional and a thermal origin. We propose an integrated model of physical properties of the European subcrustal lithosphere, with emphasis on the depth intervals around 150 and 250 km. At these depths, seismic velocity models, constrained by body-and surface-wave continent-scale tomography, are compared with mantle temperatures and mantle gravity anomalies. This comparison provides a framework for discussion of the physical or chemical origin of the major lithospheric anomalies and their relation to large-scale tectonic processes, which have formed the present lithosphere of Europe.
C1 [Artemieva, Irina M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Artemieva, Irina M.; Thybo, Hans] Univ Copenhagen, Inst Geol, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.
[Kaban, Mikhail K.] GFZ, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany.
RP Artemieva, IM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM irina@geol.ku.dk
RI Artemieva, Irina/C-2106-2013; Thybo, Hans/B-9292-2008
OI Artemieva, Irina/0000-0002-3207-2901; Thybo, Hans/0000-0002-3945-8065
NR 313
TC 62
Z9 63
U1 1
U2 1
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE
PI BATH
PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON,
ENGLAND
SN 0435-4052
BN 978-1-86239-212-0
J9 GEOL SOC MEM
PY 2006
VL 32
BP 11
EP 41
DI 10.1144/GSL.MEM.2006.032.01.02
PG 31
WC Geology
SC Geology
GA BKT56
UT WOS:000269198200003
ER
PT S
AU Burns, WM
Jordan, TE
Copeland, P
Kelley, SA
AF Burns, W. Matthew
Jordan, Teresa E.
Copeland, Peter
Kelley, Shari A.
BE Kay, SM
Ramos, VA
TI The case for extensional tectonics in the Oligocene-Miocene Southern
Andes as recorded in the Cura Mall in basin (36 degrees-38 degrees S)
SO EVOLUTION OF AN ANDEAN MARGIN: A TECTONIC AND MAGMATIC VIEW FROM THE
ANDES TO THE NEUQUEN BASIN (35 DEG - 39 DEG S LAT)
SE Geological Society of America Special Papers
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
DE Andes; Oligocene; Miocene; extension; basin analysis
ID NAZCA FARALLON; CHILEAN-ANDES; FLAT-SLAB; ARC; INVERSION; NEOGENE;
CONVERGENCE; MAGMATISM; ARGENTINA; EVOLUTION
AB The Cura Mallin basin is part of a chain of sedimentary basins that formed within the Andean volcanic arc between 33 and 43 S during the late Oligocene and early Miocene. Most previous studies of these basins have suggested that they are pull-apart-type basins, produced by strike-slip deformation of the Liquine-Ofqui fault zone and other structures, all of which are currently active. However, no direct evidence has been cited for a correlation between formation of the Oligocene-Miocene basins and concurrent strike-slip faulting. The Cura Mallin basin lies more than 100 km north of the modern Liquie-Ofqui fault zone and is one of the largest and best exposed of the Southern Andean Oligocene-Miocene basins, making it a promising study area for distinguishing between Oligocene-Miocene tectonic activity that produced the basin and subsequent tectonic activity. Stratigraphic and structural data presented here from the Cura Mallin basin and its surroundings include facies variations, stratal thickness patterns, internal and external structural features, (40)Ar/(39)Ar radiometric ages, and apatite and zircon fission-track ages. Based on the distribution of sedimentary facies and their relation to geologic structures, we conclude that the Cura Mallin basin formed as a result of normal faulting, with little or no significant strike-slip deformation in the area. Due to the lack of supporting evidence for interpretations of the other Oligocene-Miocene basins as pull-apart basins, we suggest that the entire chain of Oligocene-Miocene sedimentary basins formed in response to extensional tectonics on the Southern Andean margin.
C1 [Burns, W. Matthew; Jordan, Teresa E.] Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
[Copeland, Peter] Univ Houston, Dept Geosci, Houston, TX 77204 USA.
[Kelley, Shari A.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA.
RP Burns, WM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
EM wburns@usgs.gov
NR 55
TC 30
Z9 30
U1 0
U2 0
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC
PI BOULDER
PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA
SN 0072-1077
BN 978-0-8137-2407-2
J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP
PY 2006
VL 407
BP 163
EP 184
DI 10.1130/2006.2407(08)
PG 22
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology
GA BLY05
UT WOS:000271386900010
ER
PT J
AU Grauch, VJS
Hudson, MR
Minor, SA
Caine, JS
AF Grauch, V. J. S.
Hudson, Mark R.
Minor, Scott A.
Caine, Jonathan Saul
TI Sources of along-strike variation in magnetic anomalies related to
intrasedimentary faults: A case study from the Rio Grande Rift, USA
SO EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE magnetic anomalies; intrasedimentary faults; sedimentary basins;
aeromagnetic surveys; magnetic sources of faulted layers
AB Normal faults within sedimentary basins are commonly associated with subtle linear features in high-resolution, total magnetic intensity (TMI) data. Many of these anomalies arise from the tectonic juxtaposition of sedimentary units of differing magnetic properties. In detail, the anomalies can be quite variable in character, even along the strike of individual faults. To understand this variability, we examine the well-exposed San Ysidro Fault in the central Rio Grande Rift, USA, using detailed magnetic-property measurements, geophysical models based on geology, and Euler analysis. We find that along-strike anomaly variability arises mainly from ( I) multi-levelled magnetic contrasts at the fault that are variably sampled by uneven levels of erosion, and to a lesser extent from (2) magnetic susceptibilities that vary along strike within individual units, and (3) variable throw and dip of the fault that produces differences in the extents to which contrasting units are in contact. The multi-levelled magnetic contrasts arise from the juxtaposition of different strata across the fault at discrete depths. Locations of magnetic sources along the fault estimated from Euler analysis of the TMI data reflect the variations in depths to the shallowest sources along strike. Variations in clustering of the Euler solutions suggest that the sources have variable geometry (structural index). The results at the San Ysidro Fault demonstrate the important and complex role of multi-levelled magnetic sources in understanding anomalies associated with faulted geologic layers in general. The potential for multiple sources suggests that the use of simple model geometries to represent faults may not always be appropriate.
C1 [Grauch, V. J. S.; Hudson, Mark R.; Minor, Scott A.; Caine, Jonathan Saul] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Grauch, VJS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS 964, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM tien@usgs.gov
NR 15
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 4
PU CSIRO PUBLISHING
PI COLLINGWOOD
PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA
SN 0812-3985
J9 EXPLOR GEOPHYS
JI Explor. Geophys.
PY 2006
VL 37
IS 4
BP 372
EP 378
DI 10.1071/EG06372
PG 7
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA V24GR
UT WOS:000208399400011
ER
PT J
AU van Wagtendonk, JW
AF van Wagtendonk, Jan W.
BE Sugihara, NG
Wagtendonk, JWV
FitesKaufman, J
Shaffer, KE
Thode, AE
TI Fire as a Physical Process
SO FIRE IN CALIFORNIA'S ECOSYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID MORTALITY; SPREAD; FUELS
C1 US Geol Survey, El Portal, CA USA.
RP van Wagtendonk, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, El Portal, CA USA.
NR 52
TC 22
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS
PI BERKELEY
PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA
BN 978-0-520-93227-2
PY 2006
BP 38
EP 57
PG 20
WC Ecology; Forestry
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry
GA BXB15
UT WOS:000295575200005
ER
PT J
AU Sugihara, NG
van Wagtendonk, JW
Fites-Kaufman, J
AF Sugihara, Neil G.
van Wagtendonk, Jan W.
Fites-Kaufman, Joann
BE Sugihara, NG
Wagtendonk, JWV
FitesKaufman, J
Shaffer, KE
Thode, AE
TI Fire as an Ecological Process
SO FIRE IN CALIFORNIA'S ECOSYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID INFREQUENT DISTURBANCES; VEGETATION; MANAGEMENT
C1 [Sugihara, Neil G.] US Forest Serv, Mcclellan, CA USA.
[van Wagtendonk, Jan W.] US Geol Survey, El Portal, CA USA.
[Fites-Kaufman, Joann] US Forest Serv, Nevada City, CA USA.
RP Sugihara, NG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Mcclellan, CA USA.
NR 40
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 3
U2 12
PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS
PI BERKELEY
PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA
BN 978-0-520-93227-2
PY 2006
BP 58
EP 74
PG 17
WC Ecology; Forestry
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry
GA BXB15
UT WOS:000295575200006
ER
PT J
AU van Wagtendonk, JW
Fites-Kaufman, JA
AF van Wagtendonk, Jan W.
Fites-Kaufman, Jo Ann
BE Sugihara, NG
Wagtendonk, JWV
FitesKaufman, J
Shaffer, KE
Thode, AE
TI Sierra Nevada Bioregion
SO FIRE IN CALIFORNIA'S ECOSYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; CALIFORNIA INDIAN TRIBES; YOSEMITE-NATIONAL-PARK;
GIANT SEQUOIA FOREST; FIRE HISTORY; MANAGEMENT; PINE; ECOSYSTEMS;
SUCCESSION; MORTALITY
C1 [van Wagtendonk, Jan W.] US Geol Survey, El Portal, CA USA.
[Fites-Kaufman, Jo Ann] US Forest Serv, Nevada City, CA USA.
RP van Wagtendonk, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, El Portal, CA USA.
NR 122
TC 50
Z9 50
U1 2
U2 6
PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS
PI BERKELEY
PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA
BN 978-0-520-93227-2
PY 2006
BP 264
EP 294
PG 31
WC Ecology; Forestry
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry
GA BXB15
UT WOS:000295575200014
ER
PT J
AU Keeley, JE
AF Keeley, Jon E.
BE Sugihara, NG
Wagtendonk, JWV
FitesKaufman, J
Shaffer, KE
Thode, AE
TI South Coast Bioregion
SO FIRE IN CALIFORNIA'S ECOSYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; MEDITERRANEAN-CLIMATE SHRUBLANDS; NORTHERN
BAJA-CALIFORNIA; SAN-BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; FIRE REGIMES; SAGE SCRUB;
SEED-DISPERSAL; LIFE-HISTORY; POSTFIRE RECOVERY; PINUS-TORREYANA
C1 US Geol Survey, Three Rivers, CA USA.
RP Keeley, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Three Rivers, CA USA.
NR 244
TC 32
Z9 33
U1 1
U2 2
PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS
PI BERKELEY
PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA
BN 978-0-520-93227-2
PY 2006
BP 350
EP 390
PG 41
WC Ecology; Forestry
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry
GA BXB15
UT WOS:000295575200017
ER
PT J
AU Brooks, ML
Minnich, RA
AF Brooks, Matthew L.
Minnich, Richard A.
BE Sugihara, NG
Wagtendonk, JWV
FitesKaufman, J
Shaffer, KE
Thode, AE
TI Southeastern Deserts Bioregion
SO FIRE IN CALIFORNIA'S ECOSYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID MOJAVE DESERT; SONORAN DESERT; ANNUAL PLANTS; RIO-GRANDE; FIRE;
CALIFORNIA; VEGETATION; RAMOSISSIMA; INVASIONS; HABITATS
C1 [Brooks, Matthew L.] US Geol Survey, Henderson, NV USA.
[Minnich, Richard A.] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA.
RP Brooks, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Henderson, NV USA.
NR 61
TC 40
Z9 43
U1 1
U2 3
PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS
PI BERKELEY
PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA
BN 978-0-520-93227-2
PY 2006
BP 391
EP 414
D2 10.1525/california/9780520246058.001.0001
PG 24
WC Ecology; Forestry
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry
GA BXB15
UT WOS:000295575200018
ER
PT J
AU Klinger, RC
Brooks, ML
Randall, JM
AF Klinger, Robert C.
Brooks, Matthew L.
Randall, John M.
BE Sugihara, NG
Wagtendonk, JWV
FitesKaufman, J
Shaffer, KE
Thode, AE
TI Fire and Invasive Plant Species
SO FIRE IN CALIFORNIA'S ECOSYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID STARTHISTLE CENTAUREA-SOLSTITIALIS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CALIFORNIA
GRASSLAND; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; EXOTIC GRASSES; DISTURBANCE;
COMPETITION; MANAGEMENT; DIVERSITY; IMPACTS
C1 [Klinger, Robert C.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Brooks, Matthew L.] US Geol Survey, Henderson, NV USA.
[Randall, John M.] Nature Conservancy, Davis, CA USA.
RP Klinger, RC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
NR 155
TC 5
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 9
PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS
PI BERKELEY
PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA
BN 978-0-520-93227-2
PY 2006
BP 499
EP 519
PG 21
WC Ecology; Forestry
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry
GA BXB15
UT WOS:000295575200024
ER
PT J
AU Sugihara, NG
van Wagtendonk, JW
Fites-Kaufman, J
Shaffer, KE
Thode, AE
AF Sugihara, Neil G.
van Wagtendonk, Jan W.
Fites-Kaufman, JoAnn
Shaffer, Kevin E.
Thode, Andrea E.
BE Sugihara, NG
Wagtendonk, JWV
FitesKaufman, J
Shaffer, KE
Thode, AE
TI The Future of Fire in California's Ecosystems
SO FIRE IN CALIFORNIA'S ECOSYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
C1 [Sugihara, Neil G.] US Forest Serv, Mcclellan, CA USA.
[Shaffer, Kevin E.] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA.
[Thode, Andrea E.] No Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
[van Wagtendonk, Jan W.] US Geol Survey, El Portal, CA USA.
[Fites-Kaufman, JoAnn] US Forest Serv, Nevada City, CA USA.
RP Sugihara, NG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Mcclellan, CA USA.
NR 2
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 3
PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS
PI BERKELEY
PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA
BN 978-0-520-93227-2
PY 2006
BP 538
EP 543
PG 6
WC Ecology; Forestry
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry
GA BXB15
UT WOS:000295575200026
ER
PT S
AU Castro-Santos, T
Haro, A
AF Castro-Santos, Theodore
Haro, Alex
BE Shadwick, RE
Lauder, GV
TI BIOMECHANICS AND FISHERIES CONSERVATION
SO FISH BIOMECHANICS
SE Fish Physiology
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; COD GADUS-MORHUA; SHAD ALOSA-SAPIDISSIMA;
VERTICAL-SLOT FISHWAY; FRESH-WATER FISHES; STICKLEBACK
GASTEROSTEUS-ACULEATUS; HADDOCK MELANOGRAMMUS-AEGLEFINUS; WALLEYE
STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM; BRITISH-COLUMBIA POPULATIONS; PINK
ONCORHYNCHUS-GORBUSCHA
C1 [Castro-Santos, Theodore; Haro, Alex] USGS Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA USA.
RP Castro-Santos, T (reprint author), USGS Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA USA.
OI Haro, Alexander/0000-0002-7188-9172; Castro-Santos,
Theodore/0000-0003-2575-9120
NR 329
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 1546-5098
BN 978-0-08-047776-3; 978-0-12-350447-0
J9 FISH PHYSIOL
JI Fish Physiology
PY 2006
VL 23
BP 469
EP 523
DI 10.1016/S1546-5098(05)23012-1
PG 55
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA BCS60
UT WOS:000311287300013
ER
PT J
AU Hill, MS
Zydlewski, GB
Zydlewski, JD
Gasvoda, JM
AF Hill, MS
Zydlewski, GB
Zydlewski, JD
Gasvoda, JM
TI Development and evaluation of portable PIT tag detection units: PITpacks
SO FISHERIES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE passive integrated transponder; PIT; PIT tag; PITpack; steelhead trout;
tag loss
ID TECHNOLOGY; MOVEMENTS; FISH
AB Portable passive integrated transponder (PIT) technology has been used by biologists to study fish behavior non-invasively. However, the method's efficacy has not been evaluated rigorously. To address this, we evaluated the design and field application of three portable backpack PIT tag units (PITpacks) over three years in Abernathy Creek, Longview, WA. Specifically, we assessed options for PITpack design and construction, PIT tag loss and mortality in steelhead trout following the implantation of 23 mm PIT tags, field efficiency of PITpack surveys and the effect of approaching PITpacks on steelhead trout behavior. Our results indicate that antennas constructed of 14 gauge ribbon cable operated consistently when held at a 45 degrees angle to the water surface. Design modifications reduced equipment weight and made PITpacks easier to use. Read range of optimized PITpacks approached 90 cm off the antenna plane when the antenna and tag were submerged in water. Mortality was higher in 23 mm PIT tagged (1.8%) than in non-PIT tagged (0.5%) fish maintained in the same raceways. Tag loss was estimated to be 7.2%, peaked 4 weeks after implantation, and continued at a lesser rate throughout the 4-month study. Instream use of PITpacks resulted in a consistent survey efficiency of 38% in three separate trials. In addition, behavioral observations of tagged fish revealed minimal disturbance to fish approached by PITpacks. Results show that PITpacks can be applied in small streams to study individual fish behavior with only one collection and handling event (for tagging) and minor further disruption. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA.
US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
RP Hill, MS (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
EM mshill@uga.edu
NR 15
TC 38
Z9 41
U1 1
U2 17
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-7836
J9 FISH RES
JI Fish Res.
PD JAN
PY 2006
VL 77
IS 1
BP 102
EP 109
DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2005.08.001
PG 8
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 004QQ
UT WOS:000234767700014
ER
PT J
AU Criales, MM
Wang, JD
Browder, JA
Robblee, MB
Jackson, TL
Hittle, C
AF Criales, MM
Wang, JD
Browder, JA
Robblee, MB
Jackson, TL
Hittle, C
TI Variability in supply and cross-shelf transport of pink shrimp
(Farfantepenaeus duorarum) postlarvae into western Florida Bay
SO FISHERY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
ID PENAEUS-DUORARUM; TORTUGAS GROUNDS; VERTICAL MIGRATION; ENDOGENOUS
CONTROL; TIDAL CYCLES; RECRUITMENT; KEYS; AUSTRALIA; LARVAE; TEMPERATURE
AB The variability in the supply of pink shrimp (Farfante-penaeus duorarum) postlarvae and the transport mechanisms of planktonic stages were investigated with field data and simulations of transport. Postlarvae entering the nursery grounds of Florida Bay were collected for three consecutive years at channels that connect the Bay with the Gulf of Mexico, and in channels of the Middle Florida Keys that connect the southeastern margin of the Bay with the Atlantic Ocean. The influx of postlarvae in the Middle Florida Keys was low in magnitude and varied seasonally and among years. In contrast, the greater postlarval influx occurred at the northwestern border of the Bay, where there was a strong seasonal pattern with peaks in influx from July through September each year. Planktonic stages need to travel up to 150 km eastward between spawning grounds (northeast of Dry Tortugas) and nursery grounds (western Florida Bay) in about 30 days, the estimated time of planktonic development for this species. A Lagrangian trajectory model was developed to estimate the drift of planktonic stages across the SW Florida shelf. The model simulated the maximal distance traveled by planktonic stages under various assumptions of behavior. Simulation results indicated that larvae traveling with the instantaneous current and exhibiting a diel behavior travel up to 65 km and 75% of the larvae travel only 30 km. However, the eastward distance traveled increased substantially when a larval response to tides was added to the behavioral variable (distance increased to 200 km and 85% of larvae traveled 150 km). The question is, when during larval development, and where on the shallow SW Florida shelf, does the tidal response become incorporated into the behavior of pink shrimp.
C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, MBF, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, AMP, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
NOAA Fisheries, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
US Geol Survey, Ctr Water & Restorat Studies, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33315 USA.
RP Criales, MM (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, MBF, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM mcriales@rsmas.miami.edu
NR 58
TC 18
Z9 19
U1 1
U2 3
PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE
PI SEATTLE
PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA
SN 0090-0656
J9 FISH B-NOAA
JI Fish. Bull.
PD JAN
PY 2006
VL 104
IS 1
BP 60
EP 74
PG 15
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 999TZ
UT WOS:000234414700006
ER
PT J
AU Reynolds, R
Neff, J
Reheis, M
Lamothe, P
AF Reynolds, R
Neff, J
Reheis, M
Lamothe, P
TI Atmospheric dust in modem soil on aeolian sandstone, Colorado Plateau
(USA): Variation with landscape position and contribution to potential
plant nutrients
SO GEODERMA
LA English
DT Article
DE dust; soil chemistry; soil texture; magnetic properties; nutrients;
Colorado Plateau
ID WESTERN-NEGEV; GEOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE; PEDOGENIC PROCESSES; SOUTHERN
NEVADA; MOJAVE DESERT; SAHARAN DUST; ISRAEL; DEPOSITION; CALIFORNIA;
CLIMATE
AB Rock-derived nutrients in soils originate from both local bedrock and atmospheric dust, including dust from fardistant sources. Distinction between fine particles derived from local bedrock and from dust provides better understanding of the landscape-scale distribution and abundance of soil nutrients. Sandy surficial deposits over dominantly sandstone substrates, covering vast upland areas of the central Colorado Plateau, typically contain 5-40% silt plus clay, depending on geomorphic setting and slope (excluding drainages and depressions). Aeolian dust in these deposits is indicated by the presence of titanium-bearing magnetite grains that are absent in the sedimentary rocks of the region. Thus, contents of far-traveled aeolian dust can be estimated from magnetic properties that primarily reflect magnetite content, such as isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM). Isothermal remanent magnetization was measured on bulk sediment samples taken along two transects in surficial sediment down gentle slopes away from sandstone headwalls. One transect was in undisturbed surficial sediment, the other in a setting that was grazed by domestic livestock until 1974.
Calculation of far-traveled dust contents of the surficial deposits is based on measurements of the magnetic properties of rock, surficial deposits, and modem dust using a binary mixing model. At the undisturbed site, IRM-based calculations show a systematic down-slope increase in aeolian dust (ranging from 2% to 18% of the surface soil mass), similar to the down-slope increase in total fines (18-39% of surface soil mass). A combination of winnowing by wind during the past and down-slope movement of sediment likely accounts for the modem distribution of aeolian dust and associated nutrients. At the previously grazed site, dust also increases down slope (5-11%) in sediment with corresponding abundances of 13-25% fines. Estimates of the contributions of aeolian dust to the total soil nutrients range widely, depending on assumptions about grain-size partitioning of potential nutrients in weathered bedrock. Nevertheless, aeolian dust is important for this setting, contributing roughly 40-80% of the rock-derived nutrient stocks (P, K, Na, Mn, Zn, and Fe) in uppermost soil over most of the sampled slope at the undisturbed site, which shows no evidence of recent wind erosion. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Colorado, Environm Studies Program, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Reynolds, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM rreynolds@usgs.gov
RI Neff, Jason/A-1211-2012
NR 36
TC 42
Z9 44
U1 1
U2 8
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0016-7061
J9 GEODERMA
JI Geoderma
PD JAN
PY 2006
VL 130
IS 1-2
BP 108
EP 123
DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.01.012
PG 16
WC Soil Science
SC Agriculture
GA 003VJ
UT WOS:000234709500009
ER
PT S
AU Keller, GR
Hildenbrand, TG
Kucks, R
Webring, M
Briesacher, A
Rujawitz, K
Hittleman, AM
Roman, DR
Winester, D
Aldouri, R
Seeley, J
Rasillo, J
Torres, R
Hinze, WJ
Gates, A
Kreinovich, V
Salayandia, L
AF Keller, G. Randy
Hildenbrand, T. G.
Kucks, R.
Webring, M.
Briesacher, Allen
Rujawitz, Kristine
Hittleman, A. M.
Roman, Daniel R.
Winester, Daniel
Aldouri, R.
Seeley, John
Rasillo, Jorge
Torres, Roberto
Hinze, William J.
Gates, Ann
Kreinovich, Vladik
Salayandia, Leonardo
BE Sinha, AK
TI A community effort to construct a gravity database for the United States
and an associated Web portal
SO GEOINFORMATICS: DATA TO KNOWLEDGE
SE Geological Society of America Special Papers
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
DE gravity; geoinformatics; database; geophysics; data processing
ID ANOMALIES
AB Potential field data (gravity and magnetic measurements) are both useful and cost-effective tools for many geologic investigations. Significant amounts of these data are traditionally in the public domain. A new magnetic database for North America was released in 2002, and as a result, a cooperative effort between government agencies, industry, and universities to compile an upgraded digital gravity anomaly database, grid, and map for the conterminous United States was initiated and is the subject of this paper. This database is being crafted into a data system that is accessible through a Web portal. This data system features the database, software tools, and convenient access. The Web portal will enhance the quality and quantity of data contributed to the gravity database that will be a shared community resource. The system's totally digital nature ensures that it will be flexible so that it can grow and evolve as new data, processing procedures, and modeling and visualization tools become available. Another goal of this Web-based data system is facilitation of the efforts of researchers and students who wish to collect data from regions currently not represented adequately in the database. The primary goal of upgrading the United States gravity database and this data system is to provide more reliable data that support societal and scientific investigations of national importance. An additional motivation is the international intent to compile an enhanced North American gravity database, which is critical to understanding regional geologic features, the tectonic evolution of the continent, and other issues that cross national boundaries.
C1 [Keller, G. Randy] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA.
[Hildenbrand, T. G.; Kucks, R.; Webring, M.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Hildenbrand, T. G.; Kucks, R.; Webring, M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Briesacher, Allen; Rujawitz, Kristine] Natl Geospatial Intelligence Agcy, St Louis, MO USA.
[Hittleman, A. M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO USA.
[Roman, Daniel R.; Winester, Daniel] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD USA.
[Aldouri, R.; Seeley, John; Rasillo, Jorge; Torres, Roberto] Univ Texas El Paso, Pan Amer Ctr Earth & Environm Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA.
[Hinze, William J.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Gates, Ann; Kreinovich, Vladik; Salayandia, Leonardo] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Comp Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA.
RP Keller, GR (reprint author), Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA.
NR 30
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 0
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC
PI BOULDER
PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA
SN 0072-1077
BN 978-0-8137-2397-6
J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP
PY 2006
VL 397
BP 21
EP 34
DI 10.1130/2006.2397(02)
PG 14
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science,
Interdisciplinary Applications; Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Computer Science; Geology
GA BLX56
UT WOS:000271295900003
ER
PT S
AU Sikora, PJ
Ogg, JG
Gary, A
Cervato, C
Gradstein, F
Huber, BT
Marshall, C
Stein, JA
Wardlaw, B
AF Sikora, Paul J.
Ogg, James G.
Gary, Anthony
Cervato, Cinzia
Gradstein, Felix
Huber, Brian T.
Marshall, Charles
Stein, Jeffrey A.
Wardlaw, Bruce
BE Sinha, AK
TI An integrated chronostratigraphic data system for the twenty-first
century
SO GEOINFORMATICS: DATA TO KNOWLEDGE
SE Geological Society of America Special Papers
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
DE stratigraphy; chronostratigraphy; database; education; research
AB Research in stratigraphy is increasingly multidisciplinary and conducted by diverse research teams whose members can be widely separated. This developing distributed-research process, facilitated by the availability of the Internet, promises tremendous future benefits to researchers. However, its full potential is hindered by the absence of a development strategy for the necessary infrastructure. At a National Science Foundation workshop convened in November 2001, thirty quantitative stratigraphers and database specialists from both academia and industry met to discuss how best to integrate their respective chronostratigraphic databases. The main goal was to develop a strategy that would allow efficient distribution and integration of existing data relevant to the study of geologic time.
Discussions concentrated on three major themes: database standards and compatibility, strategies and tools for information retrieval and analysis of all types of global and regional stratigraphic data, and future directions for database integration and centralization of currently distributed depositories. The result was a recommendation to establish an integrated chronostratigraphic database, to be called Chronos, which would facilitate greater efficiency in stratigraphic studies (http://www.chronos.org/). The Chronos system will both provide greater ease of data gathering and allow for multidisciplinary synergies, functions of fundamental importance in a variety of research, including time scale construction, paleoenvironmental analysis, paleoclimatology and paleoceanography. Beyond scientific research, Chronos will also provide educational and societal benefits by providing an accessible source of information of general interest (e.g., mass extinctions) and concern (e.g., climatic change). The National Science Foundation has currently funded a three-year program for implementing Chronos.
C1 [Sikora, Paul J.; Gary, Anthony] Univ Utah, Energy & Geosci Inst, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA.
[Ogg, James G.] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Cervato, Cinzia] Iowa State Univ, Dept Geol & Atmospher Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
[Gradstein, Felix] Univ Oslo, Museum Geol & Paleontol, N-0562 Oslo, Norway.
[Huber, Brian T.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA.
[Marshall, Charles] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Stein, Jeffrey A.] BP Amer, Houston, TX 77253 USA.
[Wardlaw, Bruce] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Sikora, PJ (reprint author), Univ Utah, Energy & Geosci Inst, 423 Wakara Way,Suite 300, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA.
EM psikora@egi.utah.edu; jogg@purdue.edu; tgary@egi.utah.edu;
cinzia@iastate.edu; felix.gradstein@geolgi.uio.no;
huber.brian@nmnh.si.edu; mar-shall@eps.harvard.edu; SteinStop@aol.com;
bwardlaw@usgs.gov
OI Cervato, Cinzia/0000-0003-4643-1466; Ogg, James/0000-0001-5716-3511
NR 1
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC
PI BOULDER
PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA
SN 0072-1077
BN 978-0-8137-2397-6
J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP
PY 2006
VL 397
BP 53
EP 59
DI 10.1130/2006.2397(04)
PG 7
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science,
Interdisciplinary Applications; Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Computer Science; Geology
GA BLX56
UT WOS:000271295900005
ER
PT J
AU Aleinikoff, JN
Schenck, WS
Plank, MO
Srogi, LA
Fanning, CM
Kamo, SL
Bosbyshell, H
AF Aleinikoff, JN
Schenck, WS
Plank, MO
Srogi, LA
Fanning, CM
Kamo, SL
Bosbyshell, H
TI Deciphering igneous and metamorphic events in high-grade rocks of the
Wilmington Complex, Delaware: Morphology, cathodoluminescence and
backscattered electron zoning, and SHRIMP U-Pb geochronology of zircon
and monazite
SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
DE Wilmington Complex; U-Pb geochronology; SHRIMP; zircon; monazite
ID GRANULITE-FACIES METAMORPHISM; CENTRAL APPALACHIAN PIEDMONT;
NEW-ENGLAND; CENTRAL AUSTRALIA; REYNOLDS RANGE; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; AGES;
PENNSYLVANIA; OROGENY; PETROGENESIS
AB High-grade rocks of the Wilmington Complex, northern Delaware and adjacent Maryland and Pennsylvania, contain morphologically complex zircons that formed through both igneous and metamorphic processes during the development of an island-arc complex and suturing of the arc to Laurentia. The arc complex has been divided into several members, the protoliths of which include both intrusive and extrusive rocks. Metasedimentary rocks are interlayered with the complex and are believed to be the infrastructure upon which the arc was built.
In the Wilmington Complex rocks, both igneous and metamorphic zircons occur as elongate and equant forms. Chemical zoning, shown by cathodoluminescence (CL), includes both concentric, oscillatory patterns, indicative of igneous origin, and patchwork and sector patterns, suggestive of metamorphic growth. Metamorphic monazites are chemically homogeneous, or show oscillatory or spotted chemical zoning in backscattered electron images.
U-Pb geochronology by sensitive high resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) was used to date complexly zoned zircon and monazite. All but one member of the Wilmington Complex crystallized in the Ordovician between ca. 475 and 485 Ma; these rocks were intruded by a suite of gabbro-to-granite plutonic rocks at 434 +/- 5 Ma. Detrital zircons in metavolcanic and metasedimentary units were derived predominantly from 0.9 to 1.4 Ga (Grenvillian) basement, presumably of Laurentian origin. Amphibolite to granulite facies metamorphism of the Wilmington Complex, recorded by ages of metamorphic zircon (428 +/- 4 and 432 +/- 6 Ma) and monazite (429 +/- 2 and 426 +/- 3 Ma), occurred contemporaneously with emplacement of the younger platonic rocks. On the basis of varying CL zoning patterns and external morphologies, metamorphic zircons formed by different processes (presumably controlled by rock chemistry) at slightly different times and temperatures during prograde metamorphism. In addition, at least three other thermal episodes are recorded by monazite growth at 447 +/- 4, 411 +/- 3, and 398 +/- 3 Ma.
C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
Delaware Geol Survey, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
W Chester Univ, Dept Geol & Astron, W Chester, PA 19383 USA.
Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
Univ Toronto, Dept Geol, Jack Satterly Geochronol Lab, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada.
RP Aleinikoff, JN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 963, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
EM jaleinikoff@usgs.gov
RI Fanning, C. Mark/I-6449-2016
OI Fanning, C. Mark/0000-0003-3331-3145
NR 89
TC 98
Z9 101
U1 3
U2 19
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 0016-7606
J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL
JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2006
VL 118
IS 1-2
BP 39
EP 64
DI 10.1130/B25659.1
PG 26
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 002BY
UT WOS:000234587600003
ER
PT J
AU Bickford, ME
Wooden, JL
Bauer, RL
AF Bickford, ME
Wooden, JL
Bauer, RL
TI SHRIMP study of zircons from Early Archean rocks in the Minnesota River
Valley: Implications for the tectonic history of the superior province
SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
DE Minnesota River Valley; Archean; zircons; SHRIMP; geochronology; U-Pb
ID ABITIBI GREENSTONE-BELT; U-PB ZIRCON; SOUTHERN WEST GREENLAND; DETRITAL
ZIRCONS; SOUTHWESTERN MINNESOTA; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES;
CONTINENTAL-CRUST; WYOMING PROVINCE; ION-MICROPROBE; VOLCANIC ZONE
AB Interest in Palleoarchean to early Mesoarchean crust in North America has been sparked by the recent identification of ca. 3800-3500 Ma rocks on the northern margin of the Superior craton in the Assean Lake region of northern Manitoba and the Porpoise Cove terrane in northern Quebec. It has long been known that similarly ancient gneisses are exposed on the southern margin of the Superior craton in the Minnesota River Valley and in northern Michigan, but the ages of these rocks have been poorly constrained, because methods applied in the 1960s through late 1970s were inadequate to unravel the complexities of their thermotectonic history. Rocks exposed in the Minnesota River Valley include a complex of migmatitic granitic gneisses, schistose to gneissic amphibolite, metagabbro, and paragneisses. The best-known units are the Morton Gneiss and the Montevideo Gneiss. The complex of ancient gneisses is intruded by a major younger, weakly deformed granite body, the Sacred Heart granite. Regional geophysical anomalies that extend across the Minnesota River Valley have been interpreted as defining boundaries between distinct blocks containing the various gneissic units.
New sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) U-Pb data from complex zircons yielded the following ages: Montevideo Gneiss near Montevideo, 3485 +/- 10 Ma, granodiorite intrusion, 3385 +/- 8 Ma; Montevideo Gneiss at Granite Falls, 3497 +/- 9 Ma, metamorphic event, 3300-3350 Ma, matic intrusion, 3141 +/- 2 Ala, metamorphic overprint (rims), 2606 +/- 4 Ma; Morton Gneiss: 3524 +/- 9 Ma, granodiorite intrusion, 3370 +/- 8 Ma, metamorphic overprints (growth of rims), 3140 +/- 2 Ma and 2595 +/- 4 Ma; biotitegarnet paragneiss, 2619 +/- 20 Ma; and Sacred Heart granite, 2604 +/- 4 Ma. Zircons from a cordierite-bearing feldspar-biotite schist overlying the Morton Gneiss yielded well-defined age peaks at 3520, 3480, 3380, and 3140 Ma, showing detrital input from most of the older rock units; 2600 Ma rims on these zircons indicate metamorphism at this time. Zircons from a hypersthene-bearing biotite-garnet paragneiss, overlying the Montevideo Gneiss near Granite Falls, yielded ca. 2600 Ma ages, indicating zircon growth during high-grade metamorphism at this time. Despite some differences in the intensity of the 2600 Ma event between the Morton and Montevideo blocks, both blocks display similar thermochronologic relationships and ages, suggesting that their boundary is not a fundamental suture between two distinct Paleoarchean terranes.
Previously obtained zircon age data from the tonalitic gneiss at Watersmeet Dome in northern Michigan indicated formation at ca. 3500 Ma, whereas a granite body near Thayer was dated at 2745 +/- 65 Ma and leucogranite dikes are ca. 2600 Ma. Thus, these rocks and those in the Minnesota River Valley were formed in the late Paleoarchean and show a history of igneous activity and metamorphism in the Mesoarchean and Neoarchean. The occurrence of ancient crustal rocks on both the northern and southern margins of the ca. 2900-2700 Superior craton suggests that they are remnants of once more-extensive Paleoarchean crust that existed prior to formation of the Neoarchean Superior craton.
C1 Syracuse Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Heroy Geol Lab, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA.
Stanford Univ, US Geol Survey, Ion Probe Facil, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
Univ Missouri, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
RP Bickford, ME (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Heroy Geol Lab, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA.
EM mebickfo@syr.edu
NR 91
TC 35
Z9 35
U1 0
U2 7
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 0016-7606
J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL
JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2006
VL 118
IS 1-2
BP 94
EP 108
DI 10.1130/B25741.1
PG 15
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 002BY
UT WOS:000234587600006
ER
PT J
AU Colgan, JP
Dumitru, TA
McWilliams, M
Miller, EL
AF Colgan, JP
Dumitru, TA
McWilliams, M
Miller, EL
TI Timing of Cenozoic volcanism and Basin and Range extension in
northwestern Nevada: New constraints from the northern Pine Forest Range
SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
DE Basin and Range; Pine Forest Range; volcanism; geochronology;
fission-track dating
ID METAMORPHIC CORE COMPLEXES; ASH FLOW TUFFS; YELLOWSTONE HOTSPOT; OREGON;
UTAH; GEOCHRONOLOGY; DEFORMATION; MOUNTAINS; PATTERNS; FIELD
AB Eocene-middle Miocene volcanic rocks in the northern Pine Forest Range, Nevada, are ideally situated for reconstructing the timing and style of volcanism and extensional faulting in the northwesternmost part of the Basin and Range province. A conformable sequence of Cenozoic volcanic and sedimentary strata in the northern Pine Forest Range dips similar to 30 degrees W, and 11 new Ar-40/Ar-39 ages from this sequence define 3 major episodes of volcanic activity. Pre-Tertiary basement and older (ca. 38 Ma) Tertiary intrusive rocks are overlain unconformably by Oligocene (ca. 30-23 Ma) basalt flows and dacitic to rhyolitic ash-flow tuffs interbedded with fine-grained tuffaceous sedimentary rocks. Oligocene rocks are overlain by similar to 550 m of ca. 17-16 Ma basalt flows equivalent to the Steens Basalt in southern Oregon, and basalt flows are capped by a thin 16.3 Ma ignimbrite that likely is correlative with either the Idaho Canyon Tuff or the Tuff of Oregon Canyon. The northern Pine Forest Range is bounded to the east by a major down-to-the-east normal fault that dips similar to 40 degrees E with well-developed fault striations indicative of dip-slip motion. This fault initiated at an angle of similar to 70 degrees and was rotated similar to 30 degrees during uplift of the range. A suite of 17 apatite fission-track ages from the Pine Forest footwall block demonstrates that exhumation, uplift, and slip on the range-bounding fault began ca. 12-11 Ma and continued until at least 7 Ma, with moderate slip since then. The Pine Forest Range did not undergo significant extension before or during peak Oligocene and Miocene voleanism, and similar geologic relationships in nearby ranges suggest that a larger region of northwestern Nevada was also little extended during this interval. Basin and Range faulting in northwestern Nevada appears to have begun no earlier than 12 Ma, making it distinctly younger than deformation in much of central and southern Nevada, where peak extension occurred in the middle Miocene or earlier.
C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
RP Colgan, JP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 901, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM jeolgan@pangea.stanford.edu
RI McWilliams, Michael/A-9548-2011;
OI McWilliams, Michael/0000-0002-4107-7069; Colgan,
Joseph/0000-0001-6671-1436
NR 55
TC 38
Z9 38
U1 1
U2 8
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 0016-7606
EI 1943-2674
J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL
JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2006
VL 118
IS 1-2
BP 126
EP 139
DI 10.1130/B25681.1
PG 14
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 002BY
UT WOS:000234587600008
ER
PT J
AU Cole, RB
Nelson, SW
Layer, PW
Oswald, PJ
AF Cole, RB
Nelson, SW
Layer, PW
Oswald, PJ
TI Eocene volcanism above a depleted mantle slab window in southern Alaska
SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN
LA English
DT Review
DE Eocene; volcanism; Alaska; Talkeetna Mountains; slab window; adakite
ID BORDER RANGES FAULT; RIDGE-TRENCH ENCOUNTER; STRIKE-SLIP TECTONICS;
ISLAND-ARC; FORE-ARC; CHUGACH-MOUNTAINS; FRACTIONAL CRYSTALLIZATION;
METAMORPHIC COMPLEX; ACCRETIONARY PRISM; TRACE-ELEMENT
AB The Caribou Creek volcanic field lies along the continent-side edge of forearc basin rocks in south-central Alaska and consists of over 1000 m of shallow-dipping basalt and andesite lavas with minor mafic pyroclastic deposits. Dacite and rhyolite favas along with shallow intrusions form dome complexes with associated pyroclastic deposits that overlie and crosscut the basalt and intermediate lavas. The basalts are tholeiitic and strongly depleted in the light rare earth elements (La/Yb = 0.18-1.5), with concentrations of high field strength elements (e.g., Zr, Hf, Ti, Y) similar to mid-ocean-ridge basalt and with variable enrichment in fluid-mobile elements (e.g., Cs, Ba, and Pb). Intermediate and felsic rocks show enrichment in the rare earth elements and fluid-mobile elements plus Rb and K, but retain low La/Yb ratios (0.48-3.6). A few andesite and dacite samples are strongly depleted in the heavy rare earth elements and are geochemically similar to adakites (e.g., Sr/Y up to 52). Ten Ar-40/Ar-39 ages for the Caribou Creek volcanic rocks range from 49.4 +/- 2.2 to 35.6 +/- 0.2 Ma. An adakite-like tuff beneath the other volcanic rocks yields an age of 59.0 +/- 0.4 Ma.
Caribou Creek basalts were derived from mid-ocean-ridge-like depleted mantle that was emplaced beneath the southern margin of Alaska through a slab window following spreading ridge subduction. Caribou Creek volcanism was coeval with oblique subduction, oroclinal bending, and right-lateral strike-slip faulting in south-central Alaska, all of which could have induced crustal extension to allow adiabatic melting of the depleted mantle reservoir to form basaltic magmas. The basalts then evolved by fractional crystallization with moderate to high degrees of assimilation of Jurassic arc basement rocks to form the intermediate and felsic magmas. Enrichment of the basaltic parent magmas in fluid-mobile elements occurred by contamination from the Jurassic are rocks and/or by contamination with metasomatic mantle remnant from preceding subduction. High heat flow through the slab window induced partial melting of garnet-bearing matic parts of the Jurassic arc basement to form the adakite-like rocks. The Caribou Creek volcanic rocks demonstrate that slab windows can directly influence magmatism inboard of accretionary prism and forearc basin settings given a suitable deformation regime (e.g., crustal extension) and that the influence of a slab window on continental margin magmatism can be long-lived (> 20 m.y.).
C1 Allegheny Coll, Dept Geol, Meadville, PA 16335 USA.
US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
Univ Idaho, Dept Geol Sci, Moscow, ID 83644 USA.
RP Allegheny Coll, Dept Geol, Meadville, PA 16335 USA.
EM ron.cole@allegheny.edu; player@gi.alaska.edu; oswa8070@uidaho.edu
RI Layer, Paul/F-5465-2010
NR 134
TC 57
Z9 60
U1 1
U2 15
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 0016-7606
EI 1943-2674
J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL
JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2006
VL 118
IS 1-2
BP 140
EP 158
DI 10.1130/B25658.1
PG 19
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 002BY
UT WOS:000234587600009
ER
PT J
AU Kwoun, OI
Lu, Z
Neal, C
Wicks, C
AF Kwoun, OI
Lu, Z
Neal, C
Wicks, C
TI Quiescent deformation of the Aniakchak Caldera, Alaska, mapped by InSAR
SO GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE volcanic processes; deformation; SAR; interferometry
ID SATELLITE RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; ALEUTIAN ARC; VOLCANO; SURFACE
AB The 10-km-wide caldera of the historically active Aniakchak volcano, Alaska, subsides similar to 13 mm/yr, based on data from 19 European Remote Sensing Satellite (ERs-1 and ERS-2) interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) images from 1992 through 2002. The pattern of subsidence does not reflect the distribution of pyroclastic deposits from the last eruption in 1931 and therefore is not related to compaction of fragmental debris. Weighted least-squares inversion of the deformation maps indicates a relatively constant subsidence rate. Modeling the deformation with a Mogi point source locates the source of subsidence at similar to 4 km below the central caldera floor, which is consistent with the inferred depth of magma storage before the 1931 eruption. Magmatic CO2 and He have been measured at a warm soda spring within the caldera, and several sub-boiling fumaroles persist elsewhere in the caldera. These observations suggest that recent subsidence can be explained by the cooling or degassing of a shallow magma body (similar to 4 km deep), and/or the reduction of the pore-fluid pressure of a cooling hydrothermal system. Ongoing deformation of the volcano detected by InSAR, in combination with magmatic gas output from at least one warm spring, and infrequent low-level bursts of seismicity below the caldera, indicate that the volcanic system is still active and requires close attention for the timely detection of possible hazards.
C1 US Geol Survey, SAIC, EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
US Geol Survey, Earthquake & Volcano Hazards Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Kwoun, OI (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SAIC, EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
EM okwoun@usgs.gov; lu@usgs.gov; tneal@usgs.gov; cwicks@usgs.gov
NR 23
TC 25
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 3
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 0091-7613
J9 GEOLOGY
JI Geology
PD JAN
PY 2006
VL 34
IS 1
BP 5
EP 8
DI 10.1130/G22015.1
PG 4
WC Geology
SC Geology
GA 001ZV
UT WOS:000234582100004
ER
PT J
AU Surpless, KD
Graham, SA
Covault, JA
Wooden, JL
AF Surpless, KD
Graham, SA
Covault, JA
Wooden, JL
TI Does the Great Valley Group contain Jurassic strata? Reevaluation of the
age and early evolution of a classic forearc basin
SO GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Great Valley; detrital zircon; Buchia; biostratigraphy; Jurassic
ID DETRITAL ZIRCON PROVENANCE; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; TECTONIC EVOLUTION;
SACRAMENTO-VALLEY; NEVADAN OROGENY; SIERRA-NEVADA; STRATIGRAPHY;
CORDILLERA; OPHIOLITE; SEQUENCE
AB The presence of Cretaceous detrital zircon in Upper Jurassic strata of the Great Valley Group may require revision of the lower Great Valley Group chronostratigraphy, with significant implications for the Late Jurassic-Cretaceous evolution of the continental margin. Samples (n = 7) collected from 100 km along strike in the purported Tithonian strata of the Great Valley Group contain 20 Cretaceous detrital zircon grains, based on sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe age determinations. These results suggest that Great Valley Group deposition was largely Cretaceous, creating a discrepancy between biostratigraphy based on Buchia zones and chronostratigraphy based on radiometric age dates. These results extend the duration of the Great Valley Group basal unconformity, providing temporal separation between Great Valley forearc deposition and creation of the Coast Range Ophiolite. If Great Valley forearc deposition began in Cretaceous time, then sediment bypassed the developing forearc in the Late Jurassic, or the Franciscan subduction system did not fully develop until Cretaceous time. In addition to these constraints on the timing of deposition, pre-Mesozoic detrital zircon age signatures indicate that the Great Valley Group was linked to North America from its inception.
C1 Trinity Univ, Dept Geosci, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA.
Stanford Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Surpless, KD (reprint author), Trinity Univ, Dept Geosci, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA.
NR 36
TC 55
Z9 59
U1 1
U2 14
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 0091-7613
J9 GEOLOGY
JI Geology
PD JAN
PY 2006
VL 34
IS 1
BP 21
EP 24
DI 10.1130/G21940.1
PG 4
WC Geology
SC Geology
GA 001ZV
UT WOS:000234582100008
ER
PT B
AU Berarducci, A
AF Berarducci, Alan
BE Rasson, JL
Delipetrov, T
TI Airport geomagnetic surveys in the United States
SO GEOMAGNETICS FOR AERONAUTICAL SAFETY
SE NATO SECURITY THROUGH SCIENCE SERIES -- C
BS ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on New Data for the Magnetic Field in
the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia for Enhanced Flying and
Airport Safety
CY MAY 18-22, 2005
CL Ohrid, MACEDONIA
SP NATO
DE airport geomagnetic survey; compass rose survey; compass calibration pad
AB The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the United States military have requirements for design, location, and construction of compass calibration pads (compass roses), these having been developed through collaboration with US Geological Survey (USGS) personnel. These requirements arc detailed in the FAA Advisory Circular AC 150/5300-13, Appendix 4, and in various military documents, such as Handbook 1021/1, but the major requirement is that the range of declination measured within 75 meters of the center of a compass rose be less than or equal to 30 minutes of arc. The USGS Geomagnetism Group has developed specific methods for conducting a magnetic survey so that existing compass roses can be judged in terms of the needed standards and also that new sites can be evaluated for their suitability as potentially new compass roses. First, a preliminary survey is performed with a total-field magnetometer, with differences over the site area of less than 75nT being sufficient to warrant additional, more detailed surveying. Next, a number of survey points are established over the compass rose area and nearby, where declination is to be measured with all instrument capable of measuring declination to within I minute of arc, such as a Gurley transit magnetometer, DI Flux theodolite magnetometer, or Wild T-0. The data are corrected for diurnal and irregular effects of the magnetic field and declination is determined for each survey point, as well as declination range and average of the entire compass rose site. Altogether, a typical survey takes about four days to complete.
C1 US Geol Survey, Geomagnetism Program, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
RP Berarducci, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geomagnetism Program, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 966,Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
BN 978-1-4020-5024-4
J9 NATO SEC SCI
PY 2006
BP 247
EP 258
DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-5025-1_19
PG 12
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Engineering; Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA BGY72
UT WOS:000251385900019
ER
PT S
AU Chander, G
Scaramuzza, PL
AF Chander, Gyanesh
Scaramuzza, Pat L.
BE Mango, SA
Navalgund, RR
Yasuoka, Y
TI Cross-calibration of the Landsat-7 ETM+ and Landsat-5 TM with the
ResourceSat-1 (IRS-P6) AWiFS and LISS-III sensors - art. no. 64070E
SO GEOSS and NEXT - Generation Sensors and Missions
SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
(SPIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on GEOSS and Next-Generation Sensors and Missions
CY NOV 13-14, 2006
CL Goa, INDIA
SP SPIE, Int Soc Opt Engn, Indian Space Res Org, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, NASA, Natl Atmospher & Oceanic Adm, Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Natl Inst Oceanog, Natl Polar-Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Integrated Program Off Sci & Technol Corporat, Chinese Natl Comm Remote Sensing, Chinese Soc Oceanog, Council Sci & Ind Res, Dept Ocean Dev, Dept Sci & Technol, India Meteorol Dept, Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Indian Natl Ctr Ocean Informat Serv, NASA, Sci Mission Directorate, Natl Ctr Antarct Oceanog Res, Natl Environm Satellite, Data & Informat Serv, State Oceanic Adm
DE Landsat; TM; ETM; IRS-P6; ResourceSat-1; AWiFS; LISS-III; calibration;
characterization; spectral bands; RSR; reflectance
AB Increasingly, data from multiple sensors are used to gain a more complete understanding of land surface processes at a variety of scales. The Landsat suite of satellites has collected the longest continuous archive of multispectral data. The ResourceSat-1 Satellite (also called as IRS-P6) was launched into the polar sunsynchronous orbit on Oct 17, 2003. It carries three remote sensing sensors: the High Resolution Linear Imaging Self-Scanner (LISS-IV), Medium Resolution Linear Imaging Self-Scanner (LISS-III), and the Advanced Wide Field Sensor (AWiFS). These three sensors are used together to provide images with different resolution and coverage. To understand the absolute radiometric calibration accuracy of IRS-P6 AW`iFS and LISS-III sensors, image pairs from these sensors were compared to the Landsat-5 TM and Landsat-7 ETM+ sensors. The approach involved the calibration of nearly simultaneous surface observations based on image statistics from areas observed simultaneously by the two sensors.
C1 US Geol Survey, Ctr EROS, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
RP Chander, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr EROS, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
NR 3
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-6514-6
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2006
VL 6407
BP E4070
EP E4070
AR 64070E
DI 10.1117/12.693742
PG 12
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
GA BFW45
UT WOS:000245101600008
ER
PT J
AU Reed, BC
AF Reed, Bradley C.
TI Trend analysis of time-series phenology of North America derived from
satellite data
SO GISCIENCE & REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; DATA SET; VEGETATION INDEXES; MODIS;
CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; DISTURBANCE; RESPONSES; IMAGERY; AVHRR
AB Remote sensing information has been used in studies of the seasonal dynamics (phenology) of the land surface since the 1980s. While our understanding of remote sensing phenology is still in development, it is regarded as a key to understanding land-surface processes over large areas. Phenologic metrics, including start of season, end of season, duration of season, and seasonally integrated greenness, were derived from 8 km advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) data over North America spanning the years 1982-2003. Trend analysis was performed on annual summaries of the metrics to determine areas with increasing or decreasing growing season trends for the time period under study. Results show a trend toward earlier starts of season in limited areas of the mixed boreal forest, and a trend toward later end of season in well-defined areas of New England and southeastern Canada. Results in Saskatchewan, Canada, include a trend toward longer duration of season over a well-defined area, principally as a result of regional changes in land use practices. Changing seasonality appears to be an integrated response to a complex of factors, including climate change, but also, in many places, changes in land use practices.
C1 USGS Flafstaff Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
RP Reed, BC (reprint author), USGS Flafstaff Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
EM reed@usgs.gov
NR 33
TC 45
Z9 49
U1 1
U2 39
PU BELLWETHER PUBLISHING LTD
PI COLUMBIA
PA 8640 GUILFORD RD, STE 200, COLUMBIA, MD 21046 USA
SN 1548-1603
J9 GISCI REMOTE SENS
JI GISci. Remote Sens.
PD JAN-MAR
PY 2006
VL 43
IS 1
BP 24
EP 38
DI 10.2747/1548-1603.43.1.24
PG 15
WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing
SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing
GA 132HW
UT WOS:000243934900002
ER
PT J
AU Haitjema, HM
Hunt, RJ
Jankovic, I
de Lange, WJ
AF Haitjema, HM
Hunt, RJ
Jankovic, I
de Lange, WJ
TI Foreword: Ground water flow modeling with the analytic element method
SO GROUND WATER
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Middleton, WI 53562 USA.
SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
RIZA, NL-8200 AA Lelystad, Netherlands.
RP Haitjema, HM (reprint author), Indiana Univ, SPEA 439, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
EM Haitjema@indiana.edu; rjhunt@usgs.gov; ijankovic@eng.buffalo.edu;
w.dlange@riza.minvenw.nl
RI JANKOVIC, IGOR/E-5585-2015
OI JANKOVIC, IGOR/0000-0002-6443-7290
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 7
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0017-467X
J9 GROUND WATER
JI Ground Water
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2006
VL 44
IS 1
BP 1
EP 2
DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00144.x
PG 2
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Geology; Water Resources
GA 999XV
UT WOS:000234426000001
ER
PT J
AU Hunt, RJ
AF Hunt, RJ
TI Ground water modeling applications using the analytic element method
SO GROUND WATER
LA English
DT Review
ID HIGHLY HETEROGENEOUS FORMATIONS; BINARY CONDUCTIVITY DISTRIBUTION;
2-DIMENSIONAL ISOTROPIC MEDIA; PARTIALLY PENETRATING WELLS; THROUGH
LARGE NUMBERS; 3-DIMENSIONAL FLOW; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; NUMERICAL
SIMULATIONS; SUPERBLOCK APPROACH; MULTIAQUIFER FLOW
AB Though powerful and easy to use, applications of the analytic element method are not as widespread as finite-difference or finite-element models due in part to their relative youth. Although reviews that focus primarily on the mathematical development of the method have appeared in the literature, a systematic review of applications of the method is not available. An overview of the general types of applications of analytic elements in ground water modeling is provided in this paper. While not fully encompassing, the applications described here cover areas where the method has been historically applied (regional, two-dimensional steady-state models, analyses of ground water-surface water interaction, quick analyses and screening models, wellhead protection studies) as well as more recent applications (grid sensitivity analyses, estimating effective conductivity and dispersion in highly heterogeneous systems). The review of applications also illustrates areas where more method development is needed (three-dimensional and transient simulations).
C1 US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA.
RP Hunt, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA.
EM rjhunt@usgs.gov
NR 115
TC 20
Z9 22
U1 2
U2 21
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0017-467X
J9 GROUND WATER
JI Ground Water
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2006
VL 44
IS 1
BP 5
EP 14
DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00143.x
PG 10
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Geology; Water Resources
GA 999XV
UT WOS:000234426000002
PM 16405461
ER
PT J
AU Dripps, WR
Hunt, RJ
Anderson, MP
AF Dripps, WR
Hunt, RJ
Anderson, MP
TI Estimating recharge rates with analytic element models and parameter
estimation
SO GROUND WATER
LA English
DT Article
ID GROUNDWATER RECHARGE; DISTRIBUTED SINGULARITIES; INVERSE PROBLEM; CARBON
BALANCE; WATER FLOW
AB Quantifying the spatial and temporal distribution of recharge is usually a prerequisite for effective ground water flow modeling. In this study, an analytic element (AE) code (GFLOW) was used with a nonlinear parameter estimation code (UCODE) to quantify the spatial and temporal distribution of recharge using measured base flows as calibration targets. The ease and flexibility of AE model construction and evaluation make this approach well suited for recharge estimation. An AE flow model of an undeveloped watershed in northern Wisconsin was optimized to match median annual base flows at four stream gages for 1996 to 2000 to demonstrate the approach. Initial optimizations that assumed a constant distributed recharge rate provided good matches (within 5%) to most of the annual base flow estimates, but discrepancies of > 12% at certain gages suggested that a single value of recharge for the entire watershed is inappropriate. Subsequent optimizations that allowed for spatially distributed recharge zones based on the distribution of vegetation types improved the fit and confirmed that vegetation can influence spatial recharge variability in this watershed. Temporally, the annual recharge values varied > 2.5-fold between 1996 and 2000 during which there was an observed 1.7-fold difference in annual precipitation, underscoring the influence of nonclimatic factors on interannual recharge variability for regional flow modeling. The final recharge values compared favorably with more labor-intensive field measurements of recharge and results from studies, supporting the utility of using linked AE-parameter estimation codes for recharge estimation.
C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Earth & Geog Sci, Boston, MA 02125 USA.
US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA.
Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
RP Dripps, WR (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Earth & Geog Sci, 100 Morrisey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125 USA.
EM weston.dripps@umb.edu; rjhunt@usgs.gov; andy@geology.wisc.edu
NR 45
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 7
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0017-467X
J9 GROUND WATER
JI Ground Water
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2006
VL 44
IS 1
BP 47
EP 55
DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00115.x
PG 9
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Geology; Water Resources
GA 999XV
UT WOS:000234426000006
PM 16405465
ER
PT S
AU Friedel, MJ
AF Friedel, Michael J.
BE Baba, A
Howard, KWF
Gunduz, O
TI Predicting probable effects of urbanization on future ecological
integrity in the Upper Illinois River Basin, USA
SO Groundwater and Ecosystems
SE NATO Science Series IV Earth and Environmental Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Groundwater and Ecosystems
CY SEP 05-07, 2005
CL Canakkale, TURKEY
SP NATO Secur Through Sci Program
DE bed sediment; biotic indices; biotic integrity; ecological integrity;
Monte Carlo technique; probable effects; stochastic modeling;
uncertainty; urbanization; water quality
ID STREAMS
AB A study was undertaken to predict the probable effects that future urbanization may have on ecological integrity in the Upper Illinois River Basin (Chicago area), USA. Biotic indices and sediment trace-element concentrations for 43 streams, determined by Illinois State agencies and as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Quality Assessment program, were examined along an agricultural-to-urban land-use gradient. The relations found among biotic integrity, sediment chemistry, and urbanization were associated with annual samples collected from 1982 through 1993. Because these annual samples were from different tributary basins with different urban percentages and geologic settings, the trends along the gradient suggest the absence of bias. Analytical equations were fit to bivariate relations, and probability density functions fit to residuals for use with the Monte Carlo technique so that stochastic modeling could be performed. Stability of stochastic modeling required 1,500 Monte Carlo trials; reliability of stochastic modeling was evaluated by comparing statistical summaries of measured to simulated biotic indices, and future predictions approximately validated against an independent AIBI score for Long Run Creek. Stochastic modeling of future urbanization-induced changes in ecological integrity for basins (Big Rock Creek, Des Plaines River, Mill Creek, and Flag Creek) along an urban gradient (1990 percent urban land use of 1, 5, 10, and 87 percent) resulted in a broad range of probable biotic resource quality (excellent to very poor). Predictors used to simulate changes in basin ecological integrity from 1990 to 2000 and 2000 to 2010 included fish and invertebrate biotic indices, and streambed sediment nickel concentration. Using these predictors, the degradation of ecological integrity in tributary basins occurred at differential rates and with a probable distribution of likely outcomes. For example, the AIBI median predictions of ecological integrity from 1990 and 20 10 was 2 quality classes (good to poor) in the Big Rock Creek and Des Plaines tributary basins, and 1 quality class (poor to very poor) in the Mill Creek and Flag Creek tributary basins. A scale was devised for converting MBI scores to biotic resource quality classes for interchanging results with AIBI scores. This calibrated scale should be useful in more urbanized streams where it is not always possible to compute AIBI scores, and for comparison between biotic indices in other studies. Bed sediment nickel concentration was a useful predictor of ecological integrity and basin percent urban land use (and population density). Because the time and costs for determining nickel concentrations are much less than for determining biotic integrity scores, future studies could use this scale or other correlated variables as predictors.
C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
RP Friedel, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS964, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
NR 19
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 7
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1568-1238
BN 1-4020-4736-3
J9 NATO SCI S SS IV EAR
JI NATO Sci. Series IV Earth Environ. Sciences
PY 2006
VL 70
BP 71
EP 92
DI 10.1007/1-4020-4738-X_6
PG 22
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Geology; Water Resources
GA BEQ26
UT WOS:000238897300006
ER
PT S
AU Tipton, RC
Hartman, KJ
AF Tipton, Ronald C.
Hartman, Kyle J.
BE Waldman, JR
Limburg, KE
Strayer, DL
TI Distributional ecology of bay anchovy Anchoo mitchilli in the Hudson
River Estuary
SO Hudson River Fishes and their Environment
SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Hudson River Fishes and Their Environment
CY MAR 20-21, 2003
CL Poughkeepsie, NY
SP Amer Fisheries Soc
ID MID-CHESAPEAKE BAY; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; LIFE-HISTORY; FISH; PREDATION;
MORTALITY; DYNAMICS; LARVAE; ICHTHYOPLANKTON; SCYPHOMEDUSAE
AB Bay anchovy are the most abundant fish found along the U.S. Atlantic coast. This coupled with trophic position and importance to piscivores makes them ecologically vital. However, the anchovy's small size renders them vulnerable to impingement and entrainment at industrial water intakes. Therefore, knowledge of anchovy spatial distributions relative to such intakes is critical to understanding anthropogenic effects on this species. To evaluate the distributional ecology of bay anchovy in the Hudson River Estuary we conducted seasonal hydroacoustic surveys to define regional density and total abundance of larval, juvenile, and adult anchovy in the river from 1996-1998. Adults concentrated in the lower river during pre-spawning periods, utilizing the lower 50 kill during spawning. Adults dispersed within the river and then emigrated during fall and winter. Larvae and juveniles were in highest densities upriver of spawning locations, with a downriver shift in density distribution during fall. Few juveniles overwintered in the river. Abundance of all stages peaked in spawning season, 1997, when abundance of adults, juveniles, and larvae were estimated at 150 million, 3 billion, and 5.5 billion individuals, respectively. Distributional patterns suggest a panmictic population that includes the Hudson River Estuary and nearby coastal areas, but with possible age segregation. These findings suggest population impacts to anchovy within the River may be distributed on a more regional than a local scale.
C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Maryland Fishery Resources Off, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA.
RP Tipton, RC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Maryland Fishery Resources Off, 177 Admiral Cochrane Dr, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA.
NR 48
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 3
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0892-2284
BN 978-1-888569-82-7
J9 AM FISH S S
PY 2006
VL 51
BP 227
EP 249
PG 23
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA BFS93
UT WOS:000244447600013
ER
PT S
AU Tipton, RC
Hartman, KJ
AF Tipton, Ronald C.
Hartman, Kyle J.
BE Waldman, JR
Limburg, KE
Strayer, DL
TI Fine-scale distribution and abundance of pelagic fish near two Hudson
River power plants
SO Hudson River Fishes and their Environment
SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Hudson River Fishes and Their Environment
CY MAR 20-21, 2003
CL Poughkeepsie, NY
SP Amer Fisheries Soc
ID ANCHOA-MITCHILLI; BAY ANCHOVY; ICHTHYOPLANKTON; ESTUARY
AB Pelagic fish abundance and distribution was estimated acoustically at Bowline and Indian Point power plants on the Hudson River, New York, during July, August, and September 1996, in a study designed to determine size-specific spatial and temporal fish abundance and distribution with respect to environmental variables (i.e., photoperiod, depth strata, field). August yielded the greatest (P < 0.05) mean density of fish at both power plants. Fish were concentrated in Bowline's near-field (lagoon) region, thus increasing the potential for deleterious impingement and entrainment effects there. For all size classes, mean fish density,was greatest during darkness at both power plants. Generally, the two power plants exhibited similar trends in mean fish abundance with respect to water depth and photoperiod. During July and August mean fish, density was significantly higher between 1.5 and 4.5 m (depth strata one) of depth at both power plants. Bow-line's mean fish density was greater under near-field, shallow depth (depth strata one) darkness during July and August. Bowline's isolated and bathymetrically complex near-field lagoon concentrated pelagic fish compared to the river proper. Hydroacoustics were useful in providing a detailed map of fish distribution relative to each power plant over the course of a few days each month. Hydroacoustic monitoring could mitigate negative effects to pelagic fish at existing and proposed power plants, through sighting of power plant water intake structures or by providing a biological basis for modified production cycles.
C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Maryland Fishery Resources Off, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA.
RP Tipton, RC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Maryland Fishery Resources Off, 177 Admiral Cochrance Dr, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA.
NR 22
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0892-2284
BN 978-1-888569-82-7
J9 AM FISH S S
PY 2006
VL 51
BP 251
EP 272
PG 22
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA BFS93
UT WOS:000244447600014
ER
PT J
AU Day-Lewis, FD
Lane, JW
Gorelick, SM
AF Day-Lewis, FD
Lane, JW
Gorelick, SM
TI Combined interpretation of radar, hydraulic, and tracer data from a
fractured-rock aquifer near Mirror Lake, New Hampshire, USA
SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE fractured rocks; geophysical methods; groundwater flow; inverse
modeling; tracer tests
ID CRYSTALLINE ROCK; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; BOREHOLE RADAR; MASS-TRANSFER;
TRANSPORT; TOMOGRAPHY; RESOLUTION; UNCERTAINTY; BEDROCK; HEAD
AB An integrated interpretation of field experimental cross-hole radar, tracer, and hydraulic data demonstrates the value of combining time-lapse geophysical monitoring with conventional hydrologic measurements for improved characterization of a fractured-rock aquifer. Time-lapse difference-attenuation radar tomography was conducted during saline tracer experiments at the US Geological Survey Fractured Rock Hydrology Research Site near Mirror Lake, Grafton County, New Hampshire, USA. The presence of electrically conductive saline tracer effectively illuminates permeable fractures or pathways for geophysical imaging. The geophysical results guide the construction of three-dimensional numerical models of ground-water flow and solute transport. In an effort to explore alternative explanations for the tracer and tomographic data, a suite of conceptual models involving heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity fields and rate-limited mass transfer are considered. Calibration data include tracer concentrations, the arrival time of peak concentration at the outlet, and steady-state hydraulic head. Results from the coupled inversion procedure suggest that much of the tracer mass migrated outside the three tomographic image planes, and that solute is likely transported by two pathways through the system. This work provides basic and site-specific insights into the control of permeability heterogeneity on ground-water flow and solute transport in fractured rock.
C1 US Geol Survey, Geophys Branch, Off Ground Water, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
Bucknell Univ, Dept Geol, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA.
RP Day-Lewis, FD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geophys Branch, Off Ground Water, 11 Sherman Pl,Unit 5015, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
EM daylewis@usgs.gov
OI Day-Lewis, Frederick/0000-0003-3526-886X
NR 40
TC 32
Z9 32
U1 0
U2 13
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1431-2174
J9 HYDROGEOL J
JI Hydrogeol. J.
PD JAN
PY 2006
VL 14
IS 1-2
BP 1
EP 14
DI 10.1007/s10040-004-0372-y
PG 14
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Geology; Water Resources
GA 996XQ
UT WOS:000234209500001
ER
PT J
AU Turner, J
Albrechtsen, HJ
Bonell, M
Duguet, JP
Harris, B
Meckenstock, R
McGuire, K
Moussa, R
Peters, N
Richnow, HH
Sherwood-Lollar, B
Uhlenbrook, S
van Lanen, H
AF Turner, J
Albrechtsen, HJ
Bonell, M
Duguet, JP
Harris, B
Meckenstock, R
McGuire, K
Moussa, R
Peters, N
Richnow, HH
Sherwood-Lollar, B
Uhlenbrook, S
van Lanen, H
TI Future trends in transport and fate of diffuse contaminants in
catchments, with special emphasis on stable isotope applications
SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES
LA English
DT Article
DE agrochemical degradation; diffuse contamination; compound-specific
isotope; catchment hydrology; upscaling
ID CARBON; BIODEGRADATION; FRACTIONATION; GROUNDWATER; CHLORINE; BASIN
AB A summary is provided of the first of a series of proposed Integrated Science Initiative workshops supported by the UNESCO International Hydrological Programme. The workshop brought together hydrologists, environmental chemists, microbiologists, stable isotope specialists and natural resource managers with the purpose of communicating new ideas on ways to assess microbial degradation processes and reactive transport at catchment scales. The focus was on diffuse contamination at catchment scales and the application of compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) in the assessment of biological degradation processes of agrochemicals. Major outcomes were identifying the linkage between water residence time distribution and rates of contaminant degradation, identifying the need for better information on compound specific microbial degradation isotope fractionation factors and the potential of CSIA in identifying key degradative processes. In the natural resource management context, a framework was developed where CSIA techniques were identified as practically unique in their capacity to serve as distributed integrating indicators of process across a range of scales (micro to diffuse) of relevance to the problem of diffuse pollution assessment. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
C1 CSIRO, Land & Water, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia.
Tech Univ Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
UNESCO, Div Water Sci, Paris, France.
Eau Paris SAGEP 9, Paris, France.
Environm Agcy, Solihull, W Midlands, England.
GSF Forschungszentrum Umwelt & Gesundheit, Inst Grundwasserokol, Neuherberg, Germany.
Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
INRA, Lab Etud Interact Sol Agrosyst Hydrosyst, F-34060 Montpellier, France.
US Geol Survey, Atlanta, GA USA.
UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Leipzig, Germany.
Univ Toronto, Stable Isotope Lab, Toronto, ON, Canada.
UNESCO, IHE, Delft, Netherlands.
Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Wageningen, Netherlands.
RP Turner, J (reprint author), CSIRO, Land & Water, Private Bag 5, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia.
EM jeffrey.tumer@csiro.au
RI Uhlenbrook, Stefan/C-7468-2009; Meckenstock, Rainer/K-6894-2012;
Albrechtsen, Hans-Jorgen/J-1229-2014; McGuire, Kevin/E-7770-2010
OI Albrechtsen, Hans-Jorgen/0000-0003-3483-7709; McGuire,
Kevin/0000-0001-5751-3956
NR 26
TC 11
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 9
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1099-1085
J9 HYDROL PROCESS
JI Hydrol. Process.
PD JAN
PY 2006
VL 20
IS 1
BP 205
EP 213
DI 10.1002/hyp.6074
PG 9
WC Water Resources
SC Water Resources
GA 009MY
UT WOS:000235117400013
ER
PT J
AU Arnold, JM
Hatch, JJ
Nisbet, ICT
AF Arnold, JM
Hatch, JJ
Nisbet, ICT
TI Effects of egg size, parental quality and hatch-date on growth and
survival of Common Tern Sterna hirundo chicks
SO IBIS
LA English
DT Article
ID NESTLING GROWTH; ROSEATE TERNS; LAYING DATE; BODY-MASS; PERFORMANCE;
SUCCESS; GULL; AGE; PENGUIN; BIRDS
AB We examined the relative contributions of egg size, parental quality and hatch-date to growth and survival of second-hatched chicks (those chicks making the greatest contribution to differences in productivity among pairs) by exchanging clutches among nests of Common Terns Sterna hirundo matched for lay-date (range 13 May to 9 June). The mass of a second-laid egg in an exchanged clutch ranged from 17.70 to 23.80 g. Growth and survival were studied during three periods: early (days 0-3), middle (days 3-12) and late (days 12-25). Both egg mass and hatch-date were important predictors of hatchling mass (positive relationships), although there was no seasonal trend in egg mass. During the middle period, hatch-date was a significant predictor of mass gain and survival (inverse relationships). After controlling for hatch-date, other indices of parental quality made only small contributions to chick mass gain and survival. Our results suggest that although breeding early generally leads to greater overall survival of chicks, several important interactions among egg 'quality', parental quality and early laying may affect breeding success under specific conditions.
C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02125 USA.
ICT Nisbet & Co, N Falmouth, MA 02556 USA.
RP Arnold, JM (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
EM jmarnold@usgs.gov
NR 39
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 2
U2 17
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0019-1019
J9 IBIS
JI Ibis
PD JAN
PY 2006
VL 148
IS 1
BP 98
EP 105
DI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.2006.00487.x
PG 8
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 004GJ
UT WOS:000234739700010
ER
PT J
AU Johnson, JR
Staid, MI
Titus, TN
Becker, K
AF Johnson, JR
Staid, MI
Titus, TN
Becker, K
TI Shocked plagioclase signatures in Thermal Emission Spectrometer data of
Mars
SO ICARUS
LA English
DT Article
DE Mars, surface; impact processes; infrared observations
ID MARTIAN SURFACE; SPECTRAL EVIDENCE; MGS-TES; SPECTROSCOPY; METEORITES;
METAMORPHISM; ROCKS; CLASSIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; TERRESTRIAL
AB The extensive impact cratering record on Mars combined with evidence from SNC meteorites suggests that a significant fraction of the surface is composed of materials subjected to variable shock pressures. Pressure-induced structural changes in minerals during high-pressure shock events alter their thermal infrared spectral emission features, particularly for feldspars, in a predictable fashion. To understand the degree to which the distribution and magnitude of shock effects influence martian surface mineralogy, we used standard spectral mineral libraries supplemented by laboratory spectra of experimentally shocked bytownite feldspar [Johnson, J.R., Horz, F., Christensen, P., Lucey, P.G., 2002b. J. Geophys. Res. 107 (E10), doi:10.1029/2001JE001517] to deconvolve Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) data from six relatively large (> 50 km) impact craters on Mars. We used both TES orbital data and TES mosaics (emission phase function sequences) to study local and regional areas near the craters, and compared the differences between models using single TES detector data and 3 x 2 detector-averaged data. Inclusion of shocked feldspar spectra in the deconvolution models consistently improved the rms errors compared to models in which the spectra were not used, and resulted in modeled shocked feldspar abundances of > 15% in some regions. However, the magnitudes of model rms error improvements were within the noise equivalent rms errors for the TES instrument [Hamilton V., personal communication]. This suggests that while shocked feldspars may be a component of the regions studied, their presence cannot be conclusively demonstrated in the TES data analyzed here. If the distributions of shocked feldspars suggested by the models are real, the lack of spatial correlation to crater materials may reflect extensive aeolian mixing of martian regolith materials composed of variably shocked impact ejecta from both local and distant sources. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
RP Johnson, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
EM jrjohnson@usgs.gov
RI Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015
NR 77
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 1
U2 5
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0019-1035
J9 ICARUS
JI Icarus
PD JAN
PY 2006
VL 180
IS 1
BP 60
EP 74
DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2005.08.010
PG 15
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 000UR
UT WOS:000234488400005
ER
PT B
AU Chen, H
Chen, L
Albright, TP
Guo, QF
AF Chen, Hao
Chen, Lijun
Albright, Thomas P.
Guo, Qinfeng
BE Tsumoto, S
Clifton, CW
Zhong, N
Wu, XD
Liu, JM
Wah, BW
Cheung, YM
TI Improved logistic regression approach to predict the potential
distribution of invasive species using information theory and frequency
statistics
SO ICDM 2006: Sixth IEEE International Conference on Data Mining, Workshops
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 6th IEEE International Conference on Data Mining
CY DEC 18-22, 2006
CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE
DE logistic regression; information-theoretic approach; frequency
statistic; weighted average mode; invasive species
AB The Predictive models of the potential distribution of invasive species are important for managing the growing invasive species crises. However, for most species absence data are not available. Presented with the challenge of developing a model based on presence-only information, we developed an improved logistic regression approach using Information Theory and Frequency Statistics to produce a relative suitability map. Logistic regression model selection was based on Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC). Based on the weighted average model we provided the quantile statistics method to compartmentalize the relative habitat-suitability in native ranges. Finally, we used the model and the compartmentalize criterion developed in native ranges to "project" onto exotic ranges to predict the invasive species' potential distribution.
C1 Wuhan Univ, Sch Remote Sensing Informat Engn, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
Natl Geomat Ctr China, Beijing, Peoples R China.
Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
US Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND USA.
RP Chen, H (reprint author), Wuhan Univ, Sch Remote Sensing Informat Engn, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
NR 8
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC
PI LOS ALAMITOS
PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA
BN 978-0-7695-2702-4
PY 2006
BP 873
EP 877
PG 5
WC Computer Science, Information Systems
SC Computer Science
GA BFZ38
UT WOS:000245603100162
ER
PT S
AU Warren, E
Godsy, EM
Duff, JH
Triska, FJ
Jackman, AP
AF Warren, Ean
Godsy, E. Michael
Duff, John H.
Triska, Frank J.
Jackman, Alan P.
BE Jones, J
TI Nitrate reduction and microbial numbers in Upper Mississippi River
sediments, Pool 8, La Crosse, Wisconsin, USA
SO International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology, Vol 29,
Pt 3, Proceedings
SE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY -
PROCEEDINGS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 29th Congress of the
International-Association-of-Theoretical-and-Applied-Limnology
CY AUG 08-14, 2004
CL Lahti, FINLAND
SP Int Assoc Theoret & Appl Limnol
ID NITROGEN; BASIN; FLUX
C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Warren, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG
PI STUTTGART
PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY
SN 0368-0770
BN 3-510-54067-0
J9 INT VER THEOR ANGEW
PY 2006
VL 29
BP 1578
EP 1582
PN 3
PG 5
WC Limnology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA BER16
UT WOS:000239005000089
ER
PT S
AU Triska, FJ
Duff, JH
Warren, E
Godsy, EM
Jackman, AP
Avanzino, RJ
AF Triska, Frank J.
Duff, John H.
Warren, Ean
Godsy, E. M.
Jackman, Alan P.
Avanzino, Ronald J.
BE Jones, J
TI High and low flow nitrate distribution and its implications for nitrate
retention in Navigation Pool 8, Upper Mississippi River (UMR), and in a
high-nitrate tributary, the Root River, USA
SO International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology, Vol 29,
Pt 4, Proceedings
SE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY -
PROCEEDINGS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 29th Congress of the
International-Association-of-Theoretical-and-Applied-Limnology
CY AUG 08-14, 2004
CL Lahti, FINLAND
SP Int Assoc Theoret & Appl Limnol
DE nitrate; retention; denitrification; connectivity; pore water; Upper
Mississippi River
ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; NITROGEN; DENITRIFICATION; STREAM
C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Triska, FJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 439, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
NR 13
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG
PI STUTTGART
PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY
SN 0368-0770
BN 3-510-54068-9
J9 INT VER THEOR ANGEW
PY 2006
VL 29
BP 1729
EP 1735
PN 4
PG 7
WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA BFN29
UT WOS:000243245800006
ER
PT J
AU Knapp, EE
Keeley, JE
AF Knapp, EE
Keeley, JE
TI Heterogeneity in fire severity within early season and late season
prescribed burns in a mixed-conifer forest
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE
LA English
DT Article
DE fire ecology; landscape heterogeneity; prescribed fire; season of
burning
ID NORTHERN SIERRA-NEVADA; UPPER MONTANE FORESTS; GIANT SEQUOIA FOREST;
SOUTHERN CASCADES; NATIONAL-PARK; KLAMATH MOUNTAINS; CALIFORNIA;
REGIMES; USA; HISTORY
AB Structural heterogeneity in forests of the Sierra Nevada was historically produced through variation in fire regimes and local environmental factors. The amount of heterogeneity that prescription burning can achieve might now be more limited owing to high fuel loads and increased fuel continuity. Topography, woody fuel loading, and vegetative composition were quantified in plots within replicated early and late season burn units. Two indices of fire severity were evaluated in the same plots after the burns. Scorch height ranged from 2.8 to 25.4 m in early season plots and 3.1 to 38.5 m in late season plots, whereas percentage of ground surface burned ranged from 24 to 96% in early season plots and from 47 to 100% in late season plots. Scorch height was greatest in areas with steeper slopes, higher basal area of live trees, high percentage of basal area composed of pine, and more small woody fuel. Percentage of area burned was greatest in areas with less bare ground and rock cover ( more fuel continuity), steeper slopes, and units burned in the fall ( lower fuel moisture). Thus topographic and biotic factors still contribute to the abundant heterogeneity in fire severity with prescribed burning, even under the current high fuel loading conditions. Burning areas with high fuel loads in early season when fuels are moister may lead to patterns of heterogeneity in fire effects that more closely approximate the expected patchiness of historical fires.
C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA.
US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia & Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA.
RP Knapp, EE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 3644 Avtech Pkwy, Redding, CA 96002 USA.
EM eknapp@fs.fed.us
NR 57
TC 48
Z9 52
U1 0
U2 13
PU CSIRO PUBLISHING
PI COLLINGWOOD
PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA
SN 1049-8001
EI 1448-5516
J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE
JI Int. J. Wildland Fire
PY 2006
VL 15
IS 1
BP 37
EP 45
DI 10.1071/WF04068
PG 9
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA 018AW
UT WOS:000235736100005
ER
PT J
AU Hunter, ME
Omi, PN
Martinson, EJ
Chong, GW
AF Hunter, ME
Omi, PN
Martinson, EJ
Chong, GW
TI Establishment of non-native plant species after wildfires: effects of
fuel treatments, abiotic and biotic factors, and post-fire grass seeding
treatments
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE
LA English
DT Article
DE Colorado; New Mexico; ponderosa pine; prescribed fire; rehabilitation;
thinning
ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; NORTHERN ARIZONA; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS;
DIVERSITY; FIRE; DISTURBANCE; INVASIBILITY; RESTORATION; COMMUNITIES;
MANAGEMENT
AB Establishment and spread of non-native species following wildfires can pose threats to long-term native plant recovery. Factors such as disturbance severity, resource availability, and propagule pressure may influence where non-native species establish in burned areas. In addition, pre- and post-fire management activities may influence the likelihood of non-native species establishment. In the present study we examine the establishment of non-native species after wildfires in relation to native species richness, fire severity, dominant native plant cover, resource availability, and pre- and post-fire management actions (fuel treatments and post-fire rehabilitation treatments). We used an information-theoretic approach to compare alternative hypotheses. We analysed post-fire effects at multiple scales at three wildfires in Colorado and New Mexico. For large and small spatial scales at all fires, fire severity was the most consistent predictor of non-native species cover. Non-native species cover was also correlated with high native species richness, low native dominant species cover, and high seeded grass cover. There was a positive, but non-significant, association of non-native species with fuel-treated areas at one wildfire. While there may be some potential for fuels treatments to promote non-native species establishment, wildfire and post-fire seeding treatments seem to have a larger impact on non-native species.
C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
USGS, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Jackson, WY 83001 USA.
RP Hunter, ME (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM mhunter@cnr.colostate.edu
NR 46
TC 35
Z9 35
U1 0
U2 23
PU CSIRO PUBLISHING
PI COLLINGWOOD
PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA
SN 1049-8001
J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE
JI Int. J. Wildland Fire
PY 2006
VL 15
IS 2
BP 271
EP 281
DI 10.1071/WF05074
PG 11
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA 059VL
UT WOS:000238760200013
ER
PT J
AU Sah, JP
Ross, MS
Snyder, JR
Koptur, S
Cooley, HC
AF Sah, Jay P.
Ross, Michael S.
Snyder, James R.
Koptur, Suzanne
Cooley, Hillary C.
TI Fuel loads, fire regimes, and post-fire fuel dynamics in Florida Keys
pine forests
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE
LA English
DT Article
DE char height; fuel consumption; path analysis; pine rocklands; prescribed
fire; slash pine
ID TROPICAL FORESTS; ORGANIC-MATTER; SLASH PINE; GRASSLAND COMMUNITIES;
ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; BOREAL FOREST; PATH-ANALYSIS; BEHAVIOR; VEGETATION;
INTENSITY
AB In forests, the effects of different life forms on fire behavior may vary depending on their contributions to total fuel loads. We examined the distribution of fuel components before fire, their effects on fire behavior, and the effects of fire on subsequent fuel recovery in pine forests within the National Key Deer Refuge in the Florida Keys. We conducted a burning experiment in six blocks, within each of which we assigned 1-ha plots to three treatments: control, summer, and winter burn. Owing to logistical constraints, we burned only 11 plots, three in winter and eight in summer, over a 4-year period from 1998 to 2001. We used path analysis to model the effects of fuel type and char height, an indicator of fire intensity, on fuel consumption. Fire intensity increased with surface fuel loads, but was negatively related to the quantity of hardwood shrub fuels, probably because these fuels are associated with a moist microenvironment within hardwood patches, and therefore tend to resist fire. Winter fires were milder than summer fires, and were less effective at inhibiting shrub encroachment. A mixed seasonal approach is suggested for fire management, with burns applied opportunistically under a range of winter and summer conditions, but more frequently than that prevalent in the recent past.
C1 Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA.
Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Ochopee, FL USA.
Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA.
Everglades Natl Pk, Homestead, FL 33034 USA.
RP Sah, JP (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, Univ Pk, Miami, FL 33199 USA.
EM sahj@fiu.edu
RI Koptur, Suzanne/B-7809-2009
NR 77
TC 18
Z9 19
U1 4
U2 15
PU CSIRO PUBLISHING
PI COLLINGWOOD
PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA
SN 1049-8001
J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE
JI Int. J. Wildland Fire
PY 2006
VL 15
IS 4
BP 463
EP 478
DI 10.1071/WF05100
PG 16
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA 113TD
UT WOS:000242619400003
ER
PT J
AU Passy, SI
Ciugulea, I
Lawrence, GB
AF Passy, Sophia I.
Ciugulea, Ionel
Lawrence, Gregory B.
TI Diatom diversity in chronically versus episodically acidified Adirondack
streams
SO INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF HYDROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE algae; diversity; episodic acidification; periphyton; species richness
ID EXPERIMENTAL ACIDIFICATION; LAKES; ALUMINUM; ONTARIO; RESPONSES;
PROJECT; AREA; PH; MACROINVERTEBRATES; PHYTOPLANKTON
AB The relationship between algal species richness and diversity, and pH is controversial. Furthermore, it is still unknown how episodic stream acidification following atmospheric deposition affects species richness and diversity. Here we analyzed water chemistry and diatom epiphyton dynamics and showed their contrasting behavior in chronically vs. episodically acidic streams in the Adirondack region. Species richness and diversity were significantly higher in the chronically acidic brown water stream, where organic acidity was significantly higher and the ratio of inorganic to organic monomeric aluminum significantly lower. Conversely, in the episodically acidic clear water stream, the inorganic acidity and pH were significantly higher and the diatom communities were very species-poor. This suggests that episodic acidification in the Adirondacks may be more stressful for stream biota than chronic acidity. Strong negative linear relationships between species diversity, Eunotia exigua, and dissolved organic carbon against pH were revealed after the influence of non-linear temporal trends was partialled out using a novel way of temporal modeling.
C1 Univ Texas, Dept Biol, Arlington, TX 76019 USA.
Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA.
RP Passy, SI (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Biol, Box 19498, Arlington, TX 76019 USA.
EM sophia.passy@uta.edu
NR 37
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 3
U2 12
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 1434-2944
J9 INT REV HYDROBIOL
JI Int. Rev. Hydrobiol.
PY 2006
VL 91
IS 6
BP 594
EP 608
DI 10.1002/iroh.200610913
PG 15
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 124GL
UT WOS:000243356200007
ER
PT J
AU Wasserberg, G
Kotler, BP
Morris, DW
Abramsky, Z
AF Wasserberg, Gideon
Kotler, Burt P.
Morris, Douglas W.
Abramsky, Zvika
TI A specter of coexistence: Is centrifugal community organization haunted
by the ghost of competition?
SO ISRAEL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION
LA English
DT Article
DE centrifugal community organization; isoleg; asymmetric competition;
density dependent habitat selection; ghost of competition past
ID HABITAT SELECTION; PSAMMOPHILIC GERBILS; FIELD-TEST; PATTERNS; TESTS
AB In a centrifugally organized community species prefer the same habitat (called "core") but differ in their secondary habitat preferences. The first model of centrifugal community organization (CCO) predicted that optimally foraging, symmetrically competing species would share use of the core habitat at all density combinations. But one might also assume that the competition in the core habitat is asymmetrical, that is, that one of the species (the dominant) has a behavioral advantage therein. In this study, we asked how should habitat use evolve in a centrifugally organized community if its species compete asymmetrically in the core habitat? To address this question we developed an "isoleg model". The model predicts that in a centrifugally organized community, asymmetric competition promotes the use of the core habitat exclusively by the dominant species at most points in the state space. The separation of the core habitat use by the species ("the ghost of competition past") may be either complete or partial ("partial ghost"), and behavior at the stable competitive equilibrium between the species could determine whether coexistence should occur at the "complete-" or the "partial ghost" regions. This version of CCO should be a common feature of competitive systems.
C1 Univ Wisconsin, USGS Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Jacob Blaustein Inst Desert Res, Mitrani Dept Desert Ecol, IL-84990 Sede Boqer, Israel.
Lakehead Univ, Dept Biol, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada.
Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Life Sci, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel.
RP Wasserberg, G (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USGS Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildlife Ecol, 207 Russell Lab,1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM wasserberg@wisc.edu
RI Kotler, Burt/F-1381-2012; ABRAMSKY, ZVIKA/F-1123-2012
OI Kotler, Burt/0000-0003-2693-8788;
NR 24
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1565-9801
EI 2224-4662
J9 ISR J ECOL EVOL
JI Isr. J. Ecol. Evol.
PY 2006
VL 52
IS 2
BP 123
EP 140
DI 10.1560/IJEE_52_2_123
PG 18
WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
GA 176NO
UT WOS:000247092300003
ER
PT J
AU Miller, DA
Grand, JB
Fondell, TE
Anthony, M
AF Miller, DA
Grand, JB
Fondell, TE
Anthony, M
TI Predator functional response and prey survival: direct and indirect
interactions affecting a marked prey population
SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE alternative prey; Branta canadensis occidentalis; Haliaeetus
leucocephalus; mark-recapture; predator-prey interactions
ID REPRODUCTIVE SYNCHRONY; NEST PREDATION; ADAPTIVE VALUE; INTERFERENCE;
SUCCESS; DENSITIES; GROUSE
AB 1. Predation plays an integral role in many community interactions, with the number of predators and the rate at which they consume prey (i.e. their functional response) determining interaction strengths. Owing to the difficulty of directly observing predation events, attempts to determine the functional response of predators in natural systems are limited. Determining the forms that predator functional responses take in complex systems is important in advancing understanding of community interactions.
2. Prey survival has a direct relationship to the functional response of their predators. We employed this relationship to estimate the functional response for bald eagle Haliaeetus leucocepalus predation of Canada goose Branta canadensis nests. We compared models that incorporated eagle abundance, nest abundance and alternative prey presence to determine the form of the functional response that best predicted intra-annual variation in survival of goose nests.
3. Eagle abundance, nest abundance and the availability of alternative prey were all related to predation rates of goose nests by eagles. There was a sigmoidal relationship between predation rate and prey abundance and prey switching occurred when alternative prey was present. In addition, predation by individual eagles increased as eagle abundance increased.
4. A complex set of interactions among the three species examined in this study determined survival rates of goose nests. Results show that eagle predation had both prey- and predator-dependent components with no support for ratio dependence. In addition, indirect interactions resulting from the availability of alternative prey had an important role in mediating the rate at which eagles depredated nests. As a result, much of the within-season variation in nest survival was due to changing availability of alternative prey consumed by eagles.
5. Empirical relationships drawn from ecological theory can be directly integrated into the estimation process to determine the mechanisms responsible for variation in observed survival rates. The relationship between predator functional response and prey survival offers a flexible and robust method to advance our understanding of predator-prey interactions in many complex natural systems where prey populations are marked and regularly visited.
C1 US Geol Survey, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
RP Miller, DA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resources Ecol & Management, 339 Sci 2, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
EM millerda@iastate.edu
RI Miller, David/E-4492-2012
NR 38
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 2
U2 25
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0021-8790
J9 J ANIM ECOL
JI J. Anim. Ecol.
PD JAN
PY 2006
VL 75
IS 1
BP 101
EP 110
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2005.01025.x
PG 10
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 008MB
UT WOS:000235043700010
PM 16903047
ER
PT J
AU Berry, KH
Mack, J
Murphy, RW
Quillman, W
AF Berry, K. H.
Mack, J.
Murphy, R. W.
Quillman, W.
TI Introduction to the special issue on the changing Mojave Desert -
Preface
SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Moreno Valley, CA 92553 USA.
Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada.
Dept Army, Natl Training Ctr, Ft Irwin, CA 92310 USA.
RP Berry, KH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 22835 Calle San Juan de Los, Moreno Valley, CA 92553 USA.
EM kristin_berry@usgs.gov
RI Murphy, Robert/D-8586-2011
NR 13
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 2
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0140-1963
J9 J ARID ENVIRON
JI J. Arid. Environ.
PY 2006
VL 67
SU S
BP 5
EP 10
DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.09.016
PG 6
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 123WY
UT WOS:000243328700002
ER
PT J
AU Murphy, RW
Berry, KH
AF Murphy, R. W.
Berry, K. H.
TI Dedication: David Joseph Morafka - Preface
SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 Royal Ontario Museum, Ctr Biodivers & Conservat Biol, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada.
US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Moreno Valley, CA 92553 USA.
RP Murphy, RW (reprint author), Royal Ontario Museum, Ctr Biodivers & Conservat Biol, 100 Queens Pk, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada.
EM drbob@zoo.utoronto.ca
RI Murphy, Robert/D-8586-2011;
OI Murphy, Robert/0000-0001-8555-2338
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0140-1963
J9 J ARID ENVIRON
JI J. Arid. Environ.
PY 2006
VL 67
SU S
BP 11
EP 12
DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.09.017
PG 2
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 123WY
UT WOS:000243328700003
ER
PT J
AU Hereford, R
Webb, RH
Longpre, CI
AF Hereford, R.
Webb, R. H.
Longpre, C. I.
TI Precipitation history and ecosystem response to multidecadal
precipitation variability in the Mojave Desert region, 1893-2001
SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS
LA English
DT Article
DE Mojave Desert; precipitation variability; ENSO; PDO; desert ecosystem
ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SOUTHERN NEVADA; PLANT POPULATIONS; WINTER
ANNUALS; NORTH-AMERICA; EL-NINO; PACIFIC; ENSO; RAINFALL; OCEAN
AB Precipitation varied substantially in the Mojave Desert through the 20th century in a manner broadly similar to the other warm North American deserts. Episodes of drought and prolonged dry conditions (1893-1904, ca. 1942-1975, and 1999-present) alternated with relatively wet periods (1905-ca. 1941 and ca. 1976-1998), probably because of global-scale climate fluctuations. These are the El Nino-Southern Oscillation that affects interannual climate and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation that evidently causes decadal-scale variability such as prolonged dry and wet episodes. Studies done in the late 20th century demonstrate that precipitation fluctuations affected populations of perennial vegetation, annuals, and small herbivores. Landscape rephotography reveals that several species, particularly creosote bush, increased in size and density during the ca. 1976-1998 wet period. A brief, intense drought from 1989 to 1991 and the ongoing drought caused widespread mortality of certain species; for example, chenopods and perennial grasses suffered up to 100% mortality. Drought pruning, the shedding of above-ground biomass to reduce carbon allocation, increased substantially during drought. Overall, drought had the greatest influence on the Mojave Desert ecosystem. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
RP Hereford, R (reprint author), 1201 Pacific Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
EM rhereford@usgs.gov
NR 56
TC 84
Z9 86
U1 26
U2 108
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0140-1963
J9 J ARID ENVIRON
JI J. Arid. Environ.
PY 2006
VL 67
SU S
BP 13
EP 34
DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.09.019
PG 22
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 123WY
UT WOS:000243328700004
ER
PT J
AU Chaffee, MA
Berry, KH
AF Chaffee, M. A.
Berry, K. H.
TI Abundance and distribution of selected elements in soils, stream
sediments, and selected forage plants from desert tortoise habitats in
the Mojave and Colorado deserts, USA
SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS
LA English
DT Article
DE geochemistry; soils; sediments; plants; Gopherus agassizii;
contaminants; arsenic
ID RESPIRATORY-TRACT DISEASE; GOPHERUS-AGASSIZII; CONTINENTAL-CRUST;
CALIFORNIA
AB A baseline and background chemical survey was conducted in southeastern California, USA, to identify potential sources of toxicants in natural and anthropogenically-altered habitats of the threatened desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii). Soil, stream sediment, and plant samples were collected from six tortoise habitat study areas in the Mojave and Colorado deserts and analysed for up to 66 different elements. The chemical analyses provided new information on the abundances and distributions of selected elements in this region. Soil, stream-sediment, and plant analyses showed distinct variations in bulk chemistries from locality to locality. Variations were, in general, consistent with the many types of exposed rock units in the region, their highly variable bulk mineralogies, and chemical contents. Of elements in soils that might have been toxic to tortoises, only As seemed to be anomalous region-wide. Some soil and plant anomalies were clearly anthropogenic. In the Rand and Atolia mining districts, soil anomalies for As, An, Cd, Hg, Sb, and(or) W and plant anomalies for As, Sb, and(or) W extend as far as similar to 15 km outward from the present area of mining; soils containing found at least 6 km away from old piles of tailings. The anomalous anomalous Hg were concentrations of As and Hg may have been the source of elevated levels of these elements found in ill tortoises from the region. In the Goldstone mining district, soil anomalies extended several km from the mining area. These areas probably represented anthropogenic surface contamination of dust redistributed by wind, vehicles, and rainfall. One of two study areas transected by a paved road (Chemehuevi Valley) showed weakly elevated levels of Pb, which extended as far as similar to 22 m from the pavement edge and were probably related to vehicle exhaust. No soil or plant samples from historically used military areas (Goldstone, Goffs, Chemehuevi Valley, Chuckwalla Bench) contained anomalous concentrations of the elements As, Cu, Cr, Fe, Pb, or Zn that could be ascribed to military maneuvers, vehicles, or ordnance. For future studies, the distribution and abundance of elements in the tortoise forage plants need to be evaluated for the respective roles of dust and systemic uptake. Additional chemical data from tortoise necropsies and nutritional studies are needed to determine the effects of potentially toxic elements in tortoise habitats on their health. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 US Geol Survey, Geol Div, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
Western Ecol Res Ctr, Moreno Valley, CA 92553 USA.
RP Chaffee, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geol Div, Fed Ctr, MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM mchaffee@usgs.gov
NR 44
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 3
U2 24
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0140-1963
J9 J ARID ENVIRON
JI J. Arid. Environ.
PY 2006
VL 67
SU S
BP 35
EP 87
DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.09.018
PG 53
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 123WY
UT WOS:000243328700005
ER
PT J
AU Brooks, ML
Berry, KH
AF Brooks, M. L.
Berry, K. H.
TI Dominance and environmental correlates of alien annual plants in the
Mojave Desert, USA
SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS
LA English
DT Article
DE invasive; disturbance; diversity; fire; productivity; roads
ID CALIFORNIA; FIRE; GRASSES; COMMUNITIES; COMPETITION; VEGETATION;
DIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEM; PRECIPITATION; CHEATGRASS
AB Land managers are concerned about the negative effects of alien annual plants on native plants, threatened and endangered species such as the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii), and ecosystem integrity in the Mojave Desert. Management of alien plants is hampered by a lack of information regarding the dominance and environmental correlates of these species. The results of this study indicate that alien plant species comprised a small fraction of the total annual plant flora, but most of the annual plant community biomass. When rainfall was high in 1995, aliens comprised 6% of the flora and 66% of the biomass. When rainfall was low in 1999, aliens comprised 27% of the flora and 91% of the biomass. Bromus rubens, Schismus spp. (S. arabicus and S. barbatus), and Erodium cicutarium were the predominant alien species during both years, comprising 99% of the alien biomass. B. rubens was more abundant in relatively mesic microhabitats beneath shrub canopies and at higher elevations above 800-1000m, whereas Schismus spp. and E cicutarium were more abundant in the relatively and interspaces between shrubs, and, for Schismus spp., at lower elevations as well. Disturbance variables were more reliable indicators of alien dominance than were productivity or native plant diversity variables, although relationships often varied between years of contrasting rainfall. The strongest environmental correlates occurred between dirt road density and alien species richness and biomass of E. cicutarium, and between frequency and size of fires and biomass of B. rubens. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 US Dept Interior, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Las Vegas Field Stn, Henderson, NV 89074 USA.
Box Springs Field Stn, Moreno Valley, CA 92553 USA.
RP Brooks, ML (reprint author), US Dept Interior, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Las Vegas Field Stn, 160 N Stephanie, Henderson, NV 89074 USA.
EM matt_brooks@usgs.gov
NR 80
TC 40
Z9 40
U1 4
U2 32
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0140-1963
J9 J ARID ENVIRON
JI J. Arid. Environ.
PY 2006
VL 67
SU S
BP 100
EP 124
DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.09.021
PG 25
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 123WY
UT WOS:000243328700007
ER
PT J
AU Brooks, ML
Matchett, JR
Berry, KH
AF Brooks, M. L.
Matchett, J. R.
Berry, K. H.
TI Effects of livestock watering sites on alien and native plants in the
Mojave Desert, USA
SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS
LA English
DT Article
DE Bromus; disturbance; Erodium; grazing; invasive; Schismus
ID SAHELIAN WEST-AFRICA; DAILY GRAZING ORBITS; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; NUTRIENT
AVAILABILITY; NATIONAL-PARK; VEGETATION; SHEEP; SOIL; COMMUNITIES;
GRADIENTS
AB Increased livestock densities near artificial watering sites create disturbance gradients called piospheres. We studied responses of alien and native annual plants and native perennial plants within 9 piospheres in the Mojave Desert of North America. Absolute and proportional cover of alien annual plants increased with proximity to watering sites, whereas cover and species richness of native annual plants decreased. Not all alien species responded the same, as the alien forb Erodium cicutarium and the alien grass Schismus spp. increased with proximity to watering sites, and the alien annual grass Bromus madritensis ssp. rubens decreased. Perennial plant cover and species richness also declined with proximity to watering sites, as did the structural diversity of perennial plant cover classes. Significant effects were focused within 200m of the watering sites, suggesting that control efforts for alien annual plants and restoration efforts for native plants should optimally be focused within this central part of the piosphere gradient. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 US Dept Interior, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Las Vegas Field Stn, Henderson, NV 89074 USA.
Box Springs Field Stn, Moreno Valley, CA 92553 USA.
RP Brooks, ML (reprint author), US Dept Interior, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Las Vegas Field Stn, 160 N Stephanie, Henderson, NV 89074 USA.
EM mlbrooks@usgs.gov
NR 66
TC 39
Z9 40
U1 1
U2 29
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0140-1963
EI 1095-922X
J9 J ARID ENVIRON
JI J. Arid. Environ.
PY 2006
VL 67
SU S
BP 125
EP 147
DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.09.022
PG 23
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 123WY
UT WOS:000243328700008
ER
PT J
AU Brooks, ML
Matchett, JR
AF Brooks, M. L.
Matchett, J. R.
TI Spatial and temporal patterns of wildfires in the Mojave Desert,
1980-2004
SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS
LA English
DT Article
DE Bromus; disturbance; fire history; grass/fire cycle; invasive; Schismus
ID SONORAN DESERT; FIRE; INVASIONS
AB Fire has been historically infrequent in the Mojave Desert, and its increased prevalence caused by the invasion of non-native annual grasses is a major concern for land managers there. The most dramatic changes have occurred in middle elevation shrublands dominated by creosotebush (Larrea tridentata), Joshua tree (Yucca brevfolia), and/or blackbrush (Coleogyne ramossissima), where most of the fires occurred between 1980 and 2004. This zone is more susceptible than other areas of the Mojave Desert to increased fire size following years of high rainfall. Increases in fire size are likely related to the flush of non-native annual grasses, Bromus rubens in particular, that produces continuous fuelbeds following years of high rainfall. This dynamic also has occurred to some degree at lower elevations, but the background cover of native perennial fuels there is already very low, muting the effects of the ephemeral fuels. At elevations above the middle elevation shrublands, fire size does not vary with rainfall, indicating that native woody fuels dictate fire regimes. These results suggest that an invasive plant/fire regime cycle is currently establishing in the middle and possibly the low elevation shrublands of the Mojave Desert, but not at higher elevations. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 US Dept Interior, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Las Vegas Field Stn, Henderson, NV 89074 USA.
RP Brooks, ML (reprint author), US Dept Interior, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Las Vegas Field Stn, 160 N Stephanie, Henderson, NV 89074 USA.
EM matt_brooks@usgs.gov
NR 34
TC 95
Z9 100
U1 6
U2 30
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0140-1963
J9 J ARID ENVIRON
JI J. Arid. Environ.
PY 2006
VL 67
SU S
BP 148
EP 164
DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.09.027
PG 17
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 123WY
UT WOS:000243328700009
ER
PT J
AU Boarman, WI
Patten, MA
Camp, RJ
Collis, SJ
AF Boarman, W. I.
Patten, M. A.
Camp, R. J.
Collis, S. J.
TI Ecology of a population of subsidized predators: Common ravens in the
central Mojave Desert, California
SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS
LA English
DT Article
DE anthropogenic resource; corvid; Corvus corax; invasive species;
military; subsidized predator
ID TORTOISES; PATTERNS
AB Human subsidies have resulted in the rapid growth of populations of common ravens (Cortius corax) in the Mojave Desert. This is a management concern because ravens prey on threatened desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii). We conducted weekly counts for 29 months at 10 sites on the US Army's National Training Center, Fort Irwin, California to evaluate factors affecting the distribution of ravens. Raven abundance varied seasonally, diurnally, and with human abundance. It was greatest near resource subsidies, specifically the landfill and sewage ponds. Although other studies have documented heavy use of landfills by ravens, the use of sewage ponds had not been previously reported in the published literature. We suggest that raven management should focus on reducing access to anthropogenic resources. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92101 USA.
Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA.
Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Boarman, WI (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA.
EM boarman@cox.net
OI Camp, Richard/0000-0001-7008-923X
NR 32
TC 28
Z9 29
U1 4
U2 23
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0140-1963
J9 J ARID ENVIRON
JI J. Arid. Environ.
PY 2006
VL 67
SU S
BP 248
EP 261
DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.09.024
PG 14
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 123WY
UT WOS:000243328700014
ER
PT J
AU Petersen, MR
Bustnes, JO
Systad, GH
AF Petersen, MR
Bustnes, JO
Systad, GH
TI Breeding and moulting locations and migration patterns of the Atlantic
population of Steller's eiders Polysticta stelleri as determined from
satellite telemetry
SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ALASKA PENINSULA; HARLEQUIN DUCKS; NORTHERN NORWAY; HABITAT USE;
TRANSMITTERS; SURVIVAL; BEHAVIOR
AB This study was designed to determine the spring, summer, autumn, and early winter distribution, migration routes, and timing of migration of the Atlantic population of Steller's eiders Polysticta stelleri. Satellite transmitters were implanted in 20 eiders captured in April 2001 at Vadso, Norway, and their locations were determined from 5 May 2001 to 6 February 2002. Regions where birds concentrated from spring until returning to wintering areas included coastal waters from western Finnmark, Norway, to the eastern Taymyr Peninsula, Russia. Novaya Zemlya, Russia, particularly the Mollera Bay region, was used extensively during spring staging, moult, and autumn staging; regions of the Kola, Kanin, and Gydanskiy peninsulas, Russia, were used extensively during spring and moult migrations. Steller's ciders migrated across the Barents and Kara seas and along the Kara Sea and Kola Peninsula coastal waters to nesting, moulting, and wintering areas. The majority of marked eiders (9 of 15) were flightless in near-shore waters along the west side of Novaya Zemlya. Eiders were also flightless in northern Norway and along the Kanin and at Kola Peninsula coasts. We compare and contrast natural history characteristics of the Atlantic and Pacific populations and discuss evolutionary and ecological factors influencing their distribution.
C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Biol Res Off, Anchorage, AK USA.
Norwegian Inst Nat Res, Polar Environm Ctr, Div Arctic Ecol, N-9296 Tromso, Norway.
RP Petersen, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Biol Res Off, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK USA.
EM Margaret_Petersen@usgs.gov
NR 64
TC 30
Z9 31
U1 4
U2 24
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0908-8857
J9 J AVIAN BIOL
JI J. Avian Biol.
PD JAN
PY 2006
VL 37
IS 1
BP 58
EP 68
PG 11
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 010ZS
UT WOS:000235238000010
ER
PT J
AU Donahue, SW
Mcgee, ME
Harvey, KB
Vaughan, MR
Robbins, CT
AF Donahue, SW
Mcgee, ME
Harvey, KB
Vaughan, MR
Robbins, CT
TI Hibernating bears as a model for preventing disuse osteoporosis
SO JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS
LA English
DT Article
DE disuse osteoporosis; bone mechanical properties; bone remodeling; black
bear; aging; hibernation
ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; BLACK BEARS; URSUS-AMERICANUS; CANCELLOUS BONE;
CORTICAL BONE; SERUM MARKERS; MUSCLE; OSTEOPENIA; TISSUE; MASS
AB The hibernating bear is an excellent model for disuse osteoporosis in humans because it is a naturally occurring large animal model. Furthermore, bears and humans have similar lower limb skeletal morphology, and bears walk plantigrade like humans. Black bears (Ursus americanus) may not develop disuse osteoporosis during long periods of disuse (i.e. hibernation) because they maintain osteoblastic bone formation during hibernation. As a consequence, bone volume, mineral content, porosity, and strength are not adversely affected by annual periods of disuse. In fact, cortical bone bending strength has been shown to increase with age in hibernating black bears without a significant change in porosity. Other animals require remobilization periods 2-3 times longer than the immobilization period to recover the bone lost during disuse. Our findings support the hypothesis that black bears, which hibernate for as long as 5-7 months annually, have evolved biological mechanisms to mitigate the adverse effects of disuse on bone porosity and strength. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA.
Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn Engn Mech, Houghton, MI 49931 USA.
Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
Washington State Univ, Dept Zool, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
RP Donahue, SW (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, 309 Minerals & Mat Engn Bldg,1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA.
EM swdonahu@mtu.edu
OI McGee-Lawrence, Meghan/0000-0002-2728-5849
FU NIAMS NIH HHS [AR050420]
NR 46
TC 18
Z9 19
U1 2
U2 9
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0021-9290
J9 J BIOMECH
JI J. Biomech.
PY 2006
VL 39
IS 8
BP 1480
EP 1488
DI 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.03.030
PG 9
WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical
SC Biophysics; Engineering
GA 050RC
UT WOS:000238104600014
PM 15975583
ER
PT J
AU Pausas, JG
Keeley, JE
Verdu, M
AF Pausas, JG
Keeley, JE
Verdu, M
TI Inferring differential evolutionary processes of plant persistence
traits in Northern Hemisphere Mediterranean fire-prone ecosystems
SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE California; exaptation; fire ecology; fire and plant evolution;
Mediterranean basin; persistence traits; resprouting; sprouting; seeding
ID GENUS CEANOTHUS RHAMNACEAE; INDUCED SEED-GERMINATION; CORRELATED
EVOLUTION; CHARRED WOOD; PHYLOGENY; SMOKE; CALIFORNIA; VEGETATION;
BIOGEOGRAPHY; CONVERGENCE
AB 1 Resprouting capacity (R) and propagule-persistence (P) are traits that are often considered to have evolved where there are predictable crown fires. Because several indicators suggest a stronger selective pressure for such traits in California than in the Mediterranean Basin, we hypothesize that plant species should have evolved to become R+ and P+ more frequently in California than in the Mediterranean Basin.
2 To test this hypothesis we studied the phylogenetic association between R and P states in both California and the Mediterranean Basin using published molecular phylogenies.
3 The results suggest that R and P evolved differently in the two regions. The occurrence of the states differs significantly between regions for trait P, but not for trait R. The different patterns (towards R+ and P+ in California and towards R+ and P- in the Mediterranean Basin) are reflected in the higher abundance and the wider taxonomic distribution of species with both persistence traits (R+P+ species) in California.
4 The differential acquisition of fire persistence mechanisms at the propagule level (P+) supports the idea that fire selective pressures has been higher in California than in the Mediterranean Basin.
5 Our comparative phylogenetic-informed analysis contributes to an understanding of the differential role of the Quaternary climate in determining fire persistence traits in different Mediterranean-type ecosystems and, thus, to the debate on the evolutionary convergence of traits.
C1 CEAM, Valencia 46980, Spain.
Univ Alicante, Dept Ecol, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA.
Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
UV, CSIC, CIDE, Ctr Invest Sobre Desertif, Valencia 46470, Spain.
RP Pausas, JG (reprint author), CEAM, C Charles R Darwin 14,Park Tecnol, Valencia 46980, Spain.
EM pausas@gmail.com
RI Verdu, Miguel/C-4461-2008; Pausas, Juli/C-5794-2008
OI Verdu, Miguel/0000-0002-9778-7692; Pausas, Juli/0000-0003-3533-5786
NR 74
TC 51
Z9 52
U1 3
U2 28
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0022-0477
J9 J ECOL
JI J. Ecol.
PD JAN
PY 2006
VL 94
IS 1
BP 31
EP 39
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2005.01092.x
PG 9
WC Plant Sciences; Ecology
SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 994JU
UT WOS:000234028800004
ER
PT J
AU Hirsch, RM
Hamilton, PA
Miller, TL
AF Hirsch, RM
Hamilton, PA
Miller, TL
TI U.S. Geological Survey perspective on water-quality monitoring and
assessment
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
LA English
DT Article
C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 409, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
US Geol Survey, Richmond, VA 23228 USA.
US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 412, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Hirsch, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 409, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
EM rhirsch@usgs.gov; pahamilt@usgs.gov; tlimiller@usgs.gov
OI Hirsch, Robert/0000-0002-4534-075X
NR 15
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 4
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1464-0325
J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR
JI J. Environ. Monit.
PY 2006
VL 8
IS 5
BP 512
EP 518
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences
SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 041NF
UT WOS:000237462200002
PM 16688351
ER
PT J
AU Kucklick, JR
Krahn, MM
Becker, PR
Porter, BJ
Schantz, MM
York, GS
O'Hara, TM
Wise, SA
AF Kucklick, John R.
Krahn, Margaret M.
Becker, Paul R.
Porter, Barbara J.
Schantz, Michele M.
York, Geoffrey S.
O'Hara, Todd M.
Wise, Stephen A.
TI Persistent organic pollutants in Alaskan ringed seal (Phoca hispida) and
walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) blubber
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Environmental Specimen Bank Symposium
CY NOV 14-16, 2005
CL Charleston, SC
ID ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; TEMPORAL TRENDS; PCBS; RESIDUES
AB Since 1987, the Alaska Marine Mammal Tissue Archival Project (AMMTAP) has collected tissues from 18 marine mammal species. Specimens are archived in the National Institute of Standards and Technology's National Biomonitoring Specimen Bank (NIST-NBSB). AMMTAP has collected blubber, liver and/or kidney specimens from a number of ringed seals (Phoca hispida) from the areas near Nome and Barrow, Alaska and walruses (Odobenus rosmarus) from several locations in the Bering Sea. Thirty-three ringed seal and 15 walrus blubber samples from the NIST-NBSB were analyzed for persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The compounds determined included PCBs (28 congeners or congener groups), DDT and related compounds, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs), chlordanes, dieldrin, and mirex. POP concentrations in ringed seal blubber were significantly higher in Barrow than in Nome when statistically accounting for the interaction of age and gender; HCB, however, was not statistically different between the two locations. Unlike males, POP concentrations and age were not significantly correlated in females probably as a result of lactational loss. POP concentrations in walrus blubber were lower than in ringed seal blubber for Sigma PCBs, chlordanes, and HCHs, but higher for dieldrin and mirex. POP concentrations in ringed seals and walrus from Alaska provide further evidence that the western Arctic tends to have lower or similar POP concentrations compared to the eastern Canadian Arctic.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
US Geol Survey, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
RP Kucklick, JR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
EM john.kucklick@nist.gov
NR 22
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 12
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1464-0325
EI 1464-0333
J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR
JI J. Environ. Monit.
PY 2006
VL 8
IS 8
BP 848
EP 854
DI 10.1039/b602379g
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences
SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 071YO
UT WOS:000239640000011
PM 16896468
ER
PT J
AU Houser, JN
Mulholland, PJ
Maloney, KO
AF Houser, JN
Mulholland, PJ
Maloney, KO
TI Upland disturbance affects headwater stream nutrients and suspended
sediments during baseflow and stormflow
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
LA English
DT Article
ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; CATCHMENT LAND-USE; HUBBARD BROOK; VEGETATION
DISTURBANCE; PHOSPHORUS DYNAMICS; RIPARIAN ZONES; WATER-QUALITY; FOREST;
ECOSYSTEM; MATTER
AB Because catchment characteristics determine sediment and nutrient inputs to streams, upland disturbance can affect stream chemistry . Catchments at the Fort Benning Military Installation (near Columbus Georgia) experience a range of upland disturbance intensities due to; spatial variability in the intensity of military training. We used this disturbance gradient to investigate the effects of upland soil and vegetation disturbance on stream chemistry. During baseflow, mean total suspended sediment (TSS) concentration and mean inorganic suspended sediment (ISS) concentration increased with catchment disturbance intensity (TSS: R-2 = 0.7, p = 0.005, range = 4.0-10.1 mg L-1, ISS: R-2 = 0.71, p = 0.004, range 2.04-7.3 mg L-1); dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration (R-2 = 0.79, p = 0.001, range = 1.5-4.1 mg L-1) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentration (R-2 = 0.75, p = 0.008, range = 1.9-6.2 mu g L-1) decreased with increasing distur nitrate (NO3-), and dissolved bance intensity; and ammonia (NH4+) inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations were unrelated to disturbance intensity. The increase in TSS and ISS during storms was positively correlated with disturbance (R-2 = 0.78 and 0.78, p = 0.01 and 0.01, respectively); mean maximum change in SRP during storms increased with disturbance (r - 0.7, p = 0.04); and mean maximum change in NOT during storms was marginally correlated with disturbance (r = 0.58, p = 0.06). Soil characteristics were significant predictors of baseflow DOC, SRP, and Ca2+, but were not correlated with suspended sediment fractions, any nitrogen species, or pH. Despite the largely, intact riparian zones of these headwater streams, upland soil and vegetation disturbances had clear effects on stream chemistry during baseflow and stormflow conditions.
C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
RP Houser, JN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA.
EM Jhouser@usgs.gov
RI Mulholland, Patrick/C-3142-2012;
OI Houser, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3295-3132
NR 57
TC 30
Z9 31
U1 1
U2 27
PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY
PI MADISON
PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA
SN 0047-2425
J9 J ENVIRON QUAL
JI J. Environ. Qual.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2006
VL 35
IS 1
BP 352
EP 365
DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0102
PG 14
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 009BB
UT WOS:000235085000038
PM 16397111
ER
PT J
AU Henshel, DS
Sparks, DW
Simon, TP
Tosick, MJ
AF Henshel, DS
Sparks, DW
Simon, TP
Tosick, MJ
TI Age structure and growth of Semotilus atromaculatus(Mitchill) in
PCB-contaminated streams
SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE age structure; growth; PCBs; Semotilus atromaculatus; sex differences
ID FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS LINNAEUS; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL PCB; TROUT
SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; APOPTOTIC CELL-DEATH; LAKE TROUT; EMBRYONIC
VASCULATURE; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; FATHEAD MINNOW; THYROID STATUS;
RAINBOW-TROUT
AB Creek chub Semotilus atromaculatus from two PCB contaminated streams (Clear Creek and Richland Creek) at three locations and a reference stream (Little Indian Creek), Indiana, U.S.A., were examined to determine if age class structure and growth variables were correlated with in-situ PCB exposure. Approximately five to 15 fish were captured weekly during the spring spawning season and monthly thereafter for a 12 month period. Fish collected ranged from 25 to 267 mm total length (L(T)). Throughout the course of this study, no spawning activity was observed at either location in Clear Creek, although some very small young-of-the-year (YOY) creek chub fry were observed at the downstream location by late summer. Creek chub nests were observed in both Richland Creek and Little Indian Creek but YOY were common only in Little Indian Creek. Exposure to PCBs was shown to both enhance and decrease growth in varied laboratory tests; subtle but significant gender-specific differences in the growth of creek chub populations between the sites were observed. Creek chub up to 24 months in age from Clear Creek and Richland Creek were significantly larger (both L(T) and mass for males and L(T) for females) than reference site creek chub. This trend was reversed for creek chub aged >= 24 months as the reference site fish were consistently larger with reference males weighing significantly more. Older age classes of creek chub were missing in areas of higher PCB contamination. Female population growth rates and individual instantaneous growth rates were consistently higher at the reference site in comparison to the PCB-contaminated sites. Calculation of 'functional b'(as a condition factor) did indicate that growth enhancement in young males did occur at the most contaminated site and reductions in growth (mass relative to L(T)) occurred in females from all contaminated sites. Furthermore, long-term survivorship for females was reduced in the PCB-contaminated streams. All of these subtle alterations in growth would not have been observed if males and females had not been analysed separately. (c) 2006 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.
C1 Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bloomington, IN 47403 USA.
RP Henshel, DS (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
EM dhenshel@indiana.edu
RI Simon, Thomas/B-4075-2012;
OI Simon, Thomas/0000-0003-4393-4703
NR 50
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 8
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0022-1112
J9 J FISH BIOL
JI J. Fish Biol.
PD JAN
PY 2006
VL 68
IS 1
BP 44
EP 62
DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2005.00875.x
PG 19
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 008BW
UT WOS:000235016200005
ER
PT J
AU Chrosniak, LD
Smith, LN
McDonald, CG
Jones, BF
Flinn, JM
AF Chrosniak, LD
Smith, LN
McDonald, CG
Jones, BF
Flinn, JM
TI Effects of enhanced zinc and copper in drinking water on spatial memory
and fear conditioning
SO JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 7th Symposium on the Geochemistry of the Earths Surface (GES-7)
CY AUG 23-27, 2005
CL Aix en Provence, FRANCE
SP City Aix en Provence, Agence Natl Gest Dechets Radioactifs, Bur Rech Geolog & Minieres, Ctr Europeen Rech & Enseignement Geosci Environm, CNRS, Conseil Gen Bouches Rhone, Conseil Reg Reg PACA, Communaute Pays Aix, European Assco Geochem, Inst Natl Rech Agronom
DE zinc; copper; metals; memory; hippocampus; amygdala
ID SUPPLEMENTATION; SEDIMENT
AB Ingestion of enhanced zinc can cause memory impairments and copper deficiencies. This study examined the effect of zinc supplementation, with and without copper, on two types of memory. Rats raised pre- and post-natally on 10 mg/kg ZnCO3 or ZnSO4 in the drinking water were tested in a fear-conditioning experiment at I I months of age. Both zinc groups showed a maladaptive retention of fearful memories compared to controls raised on tap water. Rats raised on 10 mg/kg ZnCO3, 10 mg/kg ZnCO3 + 0.25 mg/kg CuCl2, or tap water, were tested for spatial memory ability at 3 months of age. Significant improvements in performance were found in the ZnCO3 + CuCl2 group compared to the ZnCO3 group, suggesting that some of the cognitive deficits associated with zinc supplementation may be remediated by addition of copper. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Psychol, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Chrosniak, LD (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Psychol, MS 3F5, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
EM lchrosni@gmu.edu
RI McDonald, Craig/H-7390-2013
NR 18
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0375-6742
J9 J GEOCHEM EXPLOR
JI J. Geochem. Explor.
PD JAN-MAR
PY 2006
VL 88
IS 1-3
SI SI
BP 91
EP 94
DI 10.1016/j.gexplo.2005.08.019
PG 4
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 016RX
UT WOS:000235638900022
ER
PT J
AU Wanty, RB
Berger, BR
AF Wanty, RB
Berger, BR
TI Geologic, hydrologic, and geochemical interpretations of mineral
deposits as analogs for understanding transport of environmental
contaminants
SO JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 7th Symposium on the Geochemistry of the Earths Surface (GES-7)
CY AUG 23-27, 2005
CL Aix en Provence, FRANCE
SP City Aix en Provence, Agence Natl Gest Dechets Radioactifs, Bur Rech Geolog & Minieres, Ctr Europeen Rech & Enseignement Geosci Environm, CNRS, Conseil Gen Bouches Rhone, Conseil Reg Reg PACA, Communaute Pays Aix, European Assco Geochem, Inst Natl Rech Agronom
DE geologic structure; contaminant geochemistry; transport; mineral
deposits
ID VANADIUM; FLOW
AB Base- and precious-metal mineral deposits comprise anomalous concentrations of metals and associated elements, which may be useful subjects for study as analogs for migration of environmental contaminants. In the geologic past, hydrothermal mineral deposits formed at the intersection of favorable geologic, hydrologic and geochemical gradients. In the present, weathering of these sulfide-rich deposits occurs as a result of the interplay between rates of oxygen supply versus rates of ground or surface-water flow. Transport and spatial dispersion of elements from a mineral deposit occurs as a function of competing rates of water flow versus rates of attenuation mechanisms such as adsorption, dilution, or (co)precipitation. In this paper we present several case studies from mineralized and altered sedimentary and crystalline aquifers in the western United States to illustrate the geologic control of ground-water flow and solute transport, and to demonstrate how this combined approach leads to a more complete understanding of the systems under study as well as facilitating some capability to predict major flow directions in aquifers. Published by Elsevier B.V
C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
RP Wanty, RB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 964 Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
EM rwanty@usgs.gov; bberger@usgs.gov
NR 15
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0375-6742
J9 J GEOCHEM EXPLOR
JI J. Geochem. Explor.
PD JAN-MAR
PY 2006
VL 88
IS 1-3
SI SI
BP 162
EP 165
DI 10.1016/j.gexplo.2005.08.029
PG 4
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 016RX
UT WOS:000235638900037
ER
PT J
AU Derry, LA
Pett-Ridge, JC
Kurtz, AC
Troester, JW
AF Derry, LA
Pett-Ridge, JC
Kurtz, AC
Troester, JW
TI Ge/Si and Sr-87/Sr-86 tracers of weathering reactions and hydrologic
pathways in a tropical granitoid system
SO JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 7th Symposium on the Geochemistry of the Earths Surface (GES-7)
CY AUG 23-27, 2005
CL Aix en Provence, FRANCE
SP City Aix en Provence, Agence Natl Gest Dechets Radioactifs, Bur Rech Geolog & Minieres, Ctr Europeen Rech & Enseignement Geosci Environm, CNRS, Conseil Gen Bouches Rhone, Conseil Reg Reg PACA, Communaute Pays Aix, European Assco Geochem, Inst Natl Rech Agronom
DE germanium; silica; Ge/Si; strontium isotopes; weathering reactions;
hydrograph separation
ID PUERTO-RICO; FOREST
AB Ge/Si and Sr-87/Sr-86 data from primary and secondary minerals, soil waters, and stream waters in a tropical granitoid catchment quantitatively reflect mineral alteration reactions that occur at different levels within the bedrock-saprolite-soil zone. Near the bedrock-saprolite interface, plagioclase to kaolinite reaction yields low Ge/Si and 87Sr/86Sr. Higher in the regolith column, biotite weathering and kaolinite dissolution drive Ge/Si and 87Sr/86Sr to high values. Data from streams at base flow sample the bedrock-saprolite interface zone, while at high discharge solutes are derived from upper saprolite-soil zone. Coupled Ge/Si and 87Sr/86Sr can be effective tools for quantifying the importance of specific weathering reactions, and for geochemical hydrograph separation. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
Boston Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
US Geol Survey, Caribbean Water Sci Ctr, Guaynabo, PR 00965 USA.
RP Derry, LA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
EM lad9@cornell.edu
RI Pett-Ridge, Julie/G-5842-2012;
OI Derry, Louis/0000-0001-7062-7333
NR 8
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 9
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0375-6742
J9 J GEOCHEM EXPLOR
JI J. Geochem. Explor.
PD JAN-MAR
PY 2006
VL 88
IS 1-3
SI SI
BP 271
EP 274
DI 10.1016/j.gexplo.2005.08.054
PG 4
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 016RX
UT WOS:000235638900062
ER
PT J
AU White, AF
Schulz, MS
Vivit, DV
Blum, AE
Stonestrom, DA
AF White, AF
Schulz, MS
Vivit, DV
Blum, AE
Stonestrom, DA
TI Controls on soil pore water solutes: An approach for distinguishing
between biogenic and lithogenic processes
SO JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 7th Symposium on the Geochemistry of the Earths Surface (GES-7)
CY AUG 23-27, 2005
CL Aix en Provence, FRANCE
SP City Aix en Provence, Agence Natl Gest Dechets Radioactifs, Bur Rech Geolog & Minieres, Ctr Europeen Rech & Enseignement Geosci Environm, CNRS, Conseil Gen Bouches Rhone, Conseil Reg Reg PACA, Communaute Pays Aix, European Assco Geochem, Inst Natl Rech Agronom
DE chemical weathering; mineral nutrient cycling; soil chronosequnece; soil
formation; lithogenic vs. biogenic processes
ID UNITED-STATES
AB Spatial and temporal variations in pore water compositions are characterized for a deep regolith profile developed on a marine terrace chronosequence near Santa Cruz California. Variations are resolved in terms of the dominance of either a lithogenic process, i.e. chemical weathering, or a biogenic process, i.e. plant nutrient cycling. The concept of elemental fractionation is introduced describing the extent that specific elements are mobilized and cycled as a result of these processes. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.
C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80803 USA.
RP White, AF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM afwhite@usgs.gov
RI Stonestrom, David/E-9125-2011;
OI Stonestrom, David/0000-0001-7883-3385; Schulz,
Marjorie/0000-0001-5597-6447
NR 4
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0375-6742
J9 J GEOCHEM EXPLOR
JI J. Geochem. Explor.
PD JAN-MAR
PY 2006
VL 88
IS 1-3
SI SI
BP 363
EP 366
DI 10.1016/j.gexplo.2005.08.076
PG 4
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 016RX
UT WOS:000235638900084
ER
PT J
AU Spencer, MK
Alley, RB
Fitzpatrick, JJ
AF Spencer, M. K.
Alley, R. B.
Fitzpatrick, J. J.
TI Developing a bubble number-density paleoclimatic indicator for glacier
ice
SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID FIRN-DENSIFICATION; TEMPERATURE-CHANGE; ANTARCTIC ICE; GRAIN-GROWTH; AIR
BUBBLES; CORE; GREENLAND; SHEET; TRANSITION; RECORD
AB Past accumulation rate can be estimated from the measured number-density of bubbles in an ice core and the reconstructed paleotemperature, using a new technique. Density increase and grain growth in polar firn are both controlled by temperature and accumulation rate, and the integrated effects are recorded in the number-density of bubbles as the firn changes to ice. An empirical model of these processes, optimized to fit published data on recently formed bubbles, reconstructs accumulation rates using recent temperatures with an uncertainty of 41 % (P < 0.05). For modern sites considered here, no statistically significant trend exists between mean annual temperature and the ratio of bubble number-density to grain number-density at the time of pore close-off; optimum modeled accumulation-rate estimates require an eventual similar to 2.02 +/- 0.08 (P < 0.05) bubbles per close-off grain. Bubble number-density in the GRIP (Greenland) ice core is qualitatively consistent with independent estimates for a combined temperature decrease and accumulation-rate increase there during the last 5 kyr.
C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci & EMS Earth, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
Penn State Univ, Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
US Geol Survey, Off Reg Director, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
RP Spencer, MK (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci & EMS Earth, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
EM spencer@essc.psu.edu
NR 58
TC 16
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 6
PU INT GLACIOL SOC
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND
SN 0022-1430
J9 J GLACIOL
JI J. Glaciol.
PY 2006
VL 52
IS 178
BP 358
EP 364
DI 10.3189/172756506781828638
PG 7
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 123IC
UT WOS:000243288600003
ER
PT J
AU Walder, JS
Trabant, DC
Cunico, M
Fountain, AG
Anderson, SP
Anderson, RS
Malm, A
AF Walder, Joseph S.
Trabant, Dennis C.
Cunico, Michelle
Fountain, Andrew G.
Anderson, Suzanne P.
Anderson, Robert S.
Malm, Andrew
TI Local response of a glacier to annual filling and drainage of an
ice-marginal lake
SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID FRACTURE-MECHANICS APPROACH; KENNICOTT GLACIER; JOKULHLAUPS; ICELAND;
ALASKA; DEFORMATION; PENETRATION; DISCHARGE; CREVASSES; FLOOD
AB Ice-marginal Hidden Creek Lake, Alaska, USA, outbursts annually over the course of 2-3 days. As the lake fills, survey targets on the surface of the 'ice dam' (the glacier adjacent to the lake) move obliquely to the ice margin and rise substantially. As the lake drains, ice motion speeds up, becomes nearly perpendicular to the face of the ice dam, and the ice surface drops. Vertical movement of the ice dam probably reflects growth and decay of a wedge of water beneath the ice dam, in line with established ideas about jokulhlaup mechanics. However, the distribution of vertical ice movement, with a narrow (50-100 m wide) zone where the uplift rate decreases by 90%, cannot be explained by invoking flexure of the ice dam in a fashion analogous to tidal flexure of a floating glacier tongue or ice shelf. Rather, the zone of large uplift-rate gradient is a fault zone: ice-dam deformation is dominated by movement along high-angle faults that cut the ice dam through its entire thickness, with the sense of fault slip reversing as the lake drains. Survey targets spanning the zone of steep uplift gradient move relative to one another in a nearly reversible fashion as the lake fills and drains. The horizontal strain rate also undergoes a reversal across this zone, being compressional as the lake fills, but extensional as the lake drains. Frictional resistance to fault-block motion probably accounts for the fact that lake level falls measurably before the onset of accelerated horizontal motion and vertical downdrop. As the overall fault pattern is the same from year to year, even though ice is lost by calving, the faults must be regularly regenerated, probably by linkage of surface and bottom crevasses as ice is advected toward the lake basin.
C1 US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA USA.
US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA.
Portland State Univ, Dept Geol, Portland, OR 97207 USA.
Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
St Olaf Coll, Dept Phys, Northfield, MN 55057 USA.
RP Walder, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Court, Vancouver, WA USA.
EM jswalder@usgs.gov
RI Anderson, Suzanne/F-4039-2014
OI Anderson, Suzanne/0000-0002-6796-6649
NR 35
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 6
PU INT GLACIOL SOC
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND
SN 0022-1430
J9 J GLACIOL
JI J. Glaciol.
PY 2006
VL 52
IS 178
BP 440
EP 450
DI 10.3189/172756506781828610
PG 11
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 123IC
UT WOS:000243288600012
ER
PT J
AU Dawson, HA
Reinhardt, UG
Savin, JF
AF Dawson, HA
Reinhardt, UG
Savin, JF
TI Use of electric or bubble barriers to limit the movement of Eurasian
ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus)
SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE fish barriers; Eurasian ruffe; electrical barriers; bubble barriers;
aquatic invasive species
ID STROBE LIGHT; FISH; RESPONSES; CURTAINS; BIOLOGY
AB Eurasian ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus) is an aquatic invasive species accidentally introduced via ballast water to the Great Lakes in the mid-1980s. Fish barrier technology is being studied to stop the spread of invasive fish species such as ruffe. Electrical barriers have been constructed, most notably in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, to prevent non-indigenous species such as ruffe from spreading into areas where they are currently absent. Information on the response of an invasive fish to barriers can help managers determine strategies to prevent the spread of these species via artificial waterways. In this laboratory study electrical barriers were set up to determine effectiveness of four electrical settings for repelling Eurasian ruffe measuring 10 cm or more in length. In separate tests, air-bubble curtains with two bubble sizes and densities were created to test this type of barrier in blocking movement of ruffe less than 10 cm in length. The most effective electrical settings found (5 ms, 6 Hz) repelled only about half of the attempted passes. When ruffe were offered food or shelter on the opposite side of the electrical barrier, neither food-starved nor shelter-deprived ruffe made significantly more attempts to cross the barrier. Ruffe were significantly repelled by all air-bubble curtains, but a large proportion of passes (4.5 passes per fish on average in the treatments) were still observed. Electrical barrier settings and air-bubble curtains used in this study were found ineffective at completely blocking the movement, but somewhat effective at inhibiting the passage of ruffe.
C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
Eastern Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Ypsilanti, MI 48197 USA.
US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
RP Dawson, HA (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 13 Nat Resources Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
EM dawsonhe@msu.edu
NR 23
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 3
U2 27
PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES
PI ANN ARBOR
PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA
SN 0380-1330
J9 J GREAT LAKES RES
JI J. Gt. Lakes Res.
PY 2006
VL 32
IS 1
BP 40
EP 49
DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2006)32[40:UOEOBB]2.0.CO;2
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 030LL
UT WOS:000236636000004
ER
PT J
AU Johnson, JH
Ross, RM
McKenna, JE
Lewis, GE
AF Johnson, JH
Ross, RM
McKenna, JE
Lewis, GE
TI Estimating the size of fish consumed by double-crested cormorants:
Considerations for better understanding cormorant-fish interactions
SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE double-crested cormorants; phalacrocorax auritus; diet; fish size
ID SHAGS PHALACROCORAX-ARISTOTELIS; LAKE-ONTARIO; MARINE MAMMALS; DIET;
OTOLITHS; LENGTH
AB We measured 926 smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu), 6,935 yellow perch (Perca flavescens), 6,416 rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris), and 4,852 pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus) otoliths recovered from double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) pellets to determine the sizes (total lengths) of these fish consumed by cormorants. Otoliths were recovered from cormorant pellets collected from 1993 to 2002 at six colonies along the eastern. Lake Ontario-St. Lawrence River corridor. Otolith length fish length regressions were used to estimate the length of fish species consumed by cormorants. Only 1.5% of these otoliths had no visible erosion, 33.3% had minor erosion, and 65.2% had moderate erosion. We found that the exclusive use of uneroded otoliths severely limited the sample size available for estimating fish size and likely would cause an overestimation of fish size. Species-specific differences were evident when using erosion criteria to determine fish size and could result in bias when estimating length, especially for species such as smallmouth bass whose otoliths possess a rostrum that is readily eroded. Using a random sample (n = 100) of all intact otoliths recovered in pellets provided a conservative estimate of fish length that was smaller than that derived from uneroded or minimally eroded otoliths. Annual variation in. the size of fish consumed by cormorants was more pronounced than seasonal variation for most species. We describe and recommend a new technique that incorporates both chick regurgitant and pellet samples for estimating the size of fish consumed by cormorants.
C1 US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Cortland, NY 13045 USA.
US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA.
RP Johnson, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA.
EM jhjohnson@usgs.gov
NR 21
TC 10
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 13
PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES
PI ANN ARBOR
PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA
SN 0380-1330
J9 J GREAT LAKES RES
JI J. Gt. Lakes Res.
PY 2006
VL 32
IS 1
BP 91
EP 101
DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2006)32[91:ETSOFC]2.0.CO;2
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 030LL
UT WOS:000236636000008
ER
PT J
AU Madenjian, CP
Holuszko, JD
Desorcie, TJ
AF Madenjian, Charles P.
Holuszko, Jeffrey D.
Desorcie, Timothy J.
TI Spring-summer diet of lake trout on Six Fathom Bank and Yankee Reef in
Lake Huron
SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE alewives; diet; Lake Huron; lake trout; rehabilitation; Six Fathom Bank;
Yankee Reef
ID EARLY MORTALITY SYNDROME; THIAMINE; MICHIGAN; ALEWIVES; RESTORATION;
SALMONINES; ONTARIO; GROWTH; FISH
AB We examined the stomach contents of 1,045 lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) caught on Six Fathom Batik and Yankee Reef two offshore reef complexes in Lake Huron, during late spring and early summer 1998-2003. Lake trout ranged it? total length from 213 to 858 nun, and in age from 2 to 14 years. In total, 742 stomachs contained food. On a wet-weight basis, alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) dominated the spring-summer diet of lake trout on both of these offshore reef complexes. Alewives accounted for 75 to 90% of lake trout diet, depending on the lake trout size category. Size of alewives found in lake trout stomachs increased with increasing lake trout size. Faster growth of juvenile lake trout on Six Fathom Bank and Yankee Reef than on Sheboygan Reef in Lake Michigan was attributed to greater availability of small alewives on the offshore reefs in Lake Huron. Our findings indicated that alewives inhabited Six Fathom Batik and Yankee Reef during spring and summer months. Thus, our study provided support for the contention that alewives may have interfered with natural reproduction by lake trout on these offshore reef complexes in Lake Huron.
C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
RP Madenjian, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
EM cmadenjian@usgs.gov
NR 23
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 1
U2 9
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0380-1330
J9 J GREAT LAKES RES
JI J. Gt. Lakes Res.
PY 2006
VL 32
IS 2
BP 200
EP 208
DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2006)32[200:SDOLTO]2.0.CO;2
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 065UL
UT WOS:000239185200002
ER
PT J
AU Stockwell, JD
Yule, DL
Gorman, OT
Isaac, EJ
Moore, SA
AF Stockwell, Jason D.
Yule, Daniel L.
Gorman, Owen T.
Isaac, Edmund J.
Moore, Seth A.
TI Evaluation of bottom trawls as compared to acoustics to assess adult
lake herring (Coregonus artedi) abundance in Lake Superior
SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Lake Herring; Coregonus artedi; stock assessment; recruitment; Lake
superior
ID GREAT-LAKES; TARGET-STRENGTH; FISH COMMUNITY; RAINBOW-SMELT;
RECRUITMENT; MIDWATER; DENSITY; SIZE
AB We compared density estimates from day bottom trawl tows against night midwater trawl tows and acoustic gear to test the hypothesis that adult lake herring ( ! 250 mm) are underestimated by day bottom trawl tows during the annual USGS spring fish community survey in Lake Superior. We,found average density at nine nearshore stations was significantly higher at night (21.3 adult fish/ha) compared to day (1.0 adultfish/ha; p = 0.0119). At nine offshore stations, no lake herring were captured during the day but density averaged 39.6 adultfish/ha at night. At a lakewide scale (n = 18 stations), precision (relative standard error) was much better using night midwater trawls and acoustic gear (37%) compared to day bottom trawls (100%). Moderate sample Size increases using the former methodology would likely bring precision within recommended levels (<= 30%) for stock-recruit data sets. Our results suggest that 1) population abundances of adult lake herring in Lake Superior are much higher than previously considered, 2) the annualspring fish community survey may not provide a relative index of abundance of adult lake herring, 3) night midwater trawls and acoustic gear are necessary for assessing adult lake herring abundance, and 4) previous studies using lake herring data from the annual spring fish community survey need to be re-evaluated in light of these results. Lake herring appear to become progressively more pelagic and less susceptible to bottom trawling as they mature. Day bottom trawls appear to be an adequate tool for estimating relative density of age-1 recruits, although this method still suffers from relatively poor precision.
C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Super Biol Stn, Ashland, WI 54806 USA.
RP Stockwell, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Super Biol Stn, 2800 Lakeshore Dr, Ashland, WI 54806 USA.
EM jstockwell@usgs.gov
NR 54
TC 32
Z9 32
U1 0
U2 9
PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES
PI ANN ARBOR
PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA
SN 0380-1330
J9 J GREAT LAKES RES
JI J. Gt. Lakes Res.
PY 2006
VL 32
IS 2
BP 280
EP 292
DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2006)32[280:EOBTAC]2.0.CO;2
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 065UL
UT WOS:000239185200007
ER
PT J
AU Halfman, JD
Dittman, DE
Owens, RW
Etherington, MD
AF Halfman, John D.
Dittman, Dawn E.
Owens, Randall W.
Etherington, Margaret D.
TI Storm-induced redistribution of deepwater sediments in Lake Ontario
SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE high-resolution seismic profiles; side scan sonar records; bottom
sediment mobilization; Lake Ontario
ID SURFICIAL SEDIMENTS; NEPHELOID LAYER; GREAT-LAKES; RESUSPENSION;
CIRCULATION; CARBONATE; SUPERIOR; IGNITION; FURROWS; AFRICA
AB High-resolution seismic reflection profiles, side-scan sonar profiles, and surface sediment analyses for grain size (% sand, silt & clay), total organic carbon content, and carbonate content along shore-perpendicular transects offshore of Olcott and Rochester in Lake Ontario were utilized to investigate cm-thick sands or absence of deepwater postglacial sediments in water depths of 130 to 165 m. These deepwater sands were observed as each transect approached and occupied the "sills," identified by earlier researchers, between the three deepest basins of the lake. The results reveal thin (0 to 5-cm) postglacial sediments, lake floor lineations, and sand-rich, organic, and carbonate poor sediments at the deepwater sites (> 130 m) along both transects at depths significantly below wave base, epilimnetic currents, and internal wave activity. These sediments are anomalous compared to shallower sediments observed in this study and deeper sediments reported by earlier research, and are interpreted to indicate winnowing and resuspension of the postglacial muds. We hypothesize that the mid-lake confluence of the two-gyre surface current system set up by strong storm events extends down to the lake floor when the lake is isothermal, and resuspends and winnows lake floor sediment at these locations. Furthermore, we believe that sedimentation is more likely to be influenced by bottom currents at these at these sites than in the deeper basins because these sites are located on bathymetric highs between deeper depositional basins of the lake, and the bathymetric constriction may intensify any bottom current activity at these sites.
C1 Hobart & William Smith Coll, Dept Geosci, Geneva, NY 14456 USA.
Hobart & William Smith Coll, Finger Lakes Inst, Geneva, NY 14456 USA.
US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Cortland, NY 13045 USA.
USGS, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY 13126 USA.
RP Halfman, JD (reprint author), Hobart & William Smith Coll, Dept Geosci, Geneva, NY 14456 USA.
EM halfman@hws.edu
OI Dittman, Dawn/0000-0002-0711-3732
NR 39
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 6
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0380-1330
J9 J GREAT LAKES RES
JI J. Gt. Lakes Res.
PY 2006
VL 32
IS 2
BP 348
EP 360
DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2006)32[348:SRODSI]2.0.CO;2
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 065UL
UT WOS:000239185200011
ER
PT J
AU Bronte, CR
McKee, PC
Holeyl, ME
AF Bronte, Charles R.
McKee, Patrick C.
Holeyl, Mark E.
TI Relative survival of lake trout stocked at different sizes and quality
in Lake Michigan
SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Lake trout; hatcheries; stocking; survival; size; Lake Michigan
ID REHABILITATION; RESTORATION; SUPERIOR; HISTORY; ONTARIO
AB Beginning in 1995, the size of yearling lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) stocked into the upper Great Lakes was increased based on the assumption that these fish would be healthier and survive better since natural mortality is thought to be inversely proportional to body size. We compared the post-release, relative survival of paired stockings of lake trout reared to 44 fishing (standard size) with larger fish reared to 22-26 fish/kg (enhanced size) in Lake Michigan. About 60,000 lake trout each of the standard and enhanced sizes for the 1994-1997 year classes were released as yearlings in spring near Clay Banks Reef, Wisconsin, and identified with coded-wire tags and an adipose fin-clip. Recaptures were made from 1997 to 2003 in four gill net surveys conducted in spring and fall near the release location. Comparisons of catch-per-unit of effort corrected for numbers stocked generally indicated no significant differences in relative survival of standard and enhanced lake trout. An autopsy-based assessment of overall fish health and condition indicated few measures where significantly different between standard and enhanced lake trout prior to stocking. Size differences between standard and enhanced fish remained statistically significant at all observed ages at recapture; however growth rates were the same for the two groups. Stocking numbers at certain sites on Lake Michigan were reduced concurrent with the change to larger yearlings with the expectation of increased survival, which did not occur; hence recruitment was essentially reduced in these areas for the restoration program.
C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Fishery Resources Off, New Franken, WI USA.
Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235 USA.
US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Jordan River Natl Fish Hatchery, Elmira, MI 49730 USA.
RP Bronte, CR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Fishery Resources Off, 2661 Scott Tower Dr, New Franken, WI USA.
NR 27
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 2
PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES
PI ANN ARBOR
PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA
SN 0380-1330
J9 J GREAT LAKES RES
JI J. Gt. Lakes Res.
PY 2006
VL 32
IS 2
BP 386
EP 394
DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2006)32[386:RSOLTS]2.0.CO;2
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 065UL
UT WOS:000239185200014
ER
PT J
AU Roseman, EF
Taylor, WW
Hayes, DB
Jones, AL
Francis, JT
AF Roseman, Edward F.
Taylor, William W.
Hayes, Daniel B.
Jones, Andrew L.
Francis, James T.
TI Predation on walleye eggs by fish on reefs in western Lake Erie
SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Lake Erie; walleye; egg predation; round goby; exotic species; reefs
ID WHITE PERCH; MORONE-AMERICANA; YELLOW PERCH; ROUND GOBY; TROUT EGGS;
SURVIVAL; LARVAE
AB We examined diets of fishes from gillnet and egg pump collections conducted on reefs in western Lake Erie during walleye (Sander vitreus) egg incubation periods from 1994-1999 and 2004 to assess incidence of walleye eggs in fish diets. We collected no potential egg predators in samples taken in 1994 but from 1995-1999 and in 2004 we caught 22 different species of fish on reefs in addition to spawning walleye. In most years, white perch (Morone americana) stomachs contained more walleye eggs than any other species on the reefs averaging 253 eggs per stomach. We also found lower numbers of walleye eggs in the stomachs of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus; 53 eggs/stomach), johnny darter (Etheostoma nigrum; 2 eggs/stomach), logperch (Percina caprodes; 10 eggs/stomach), quillback (Carpiodes cyprinus; 184 eggs/stomach), rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris; 3 eggs/stomach), round goby (Neogobius melanostomus; 4 eggs/stomach), sculpin (Cottidae; 21 eggs/stomach), silver chub (Macrhybopsis storeriana; 3 eggs/stomach), spottail shiner (Notropis hudsonius; 14 eggs/stomach), trout-perch (Percopsis omiscomaycus; 30 eggs/stomach), white sucker (Catastomus commersonii; 20 eggs/stomach), and yellow perch (Perca flavescens; 181 eggs/stomach). Similar to other studies of predation on walleye eggs, our results indicate that prolonged incubation periods increase the potential for egg loss due to predation.
C1 USGS, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Ohio Div Wildlife, Sandusky Fisheries Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA.
Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Novi, MI 48375 USA.
RP Roseman, EF (reprint author), USGS, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
EM eroseman@usgs.gov
OI Roseman, Edward/0000-0002-5315-9838
NR 30
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 1
U2 22
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0380-1330
J9 J GREAT LAKES RES
JI J. Gt. Lakes Res.
PY 2006
VL 32
IS 3
BP 415
EP 423
DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2006)32[415:POWEBF]2.0.CO;2
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 095HP
UT WOS:000241299100002
ER
PT J
AU Warner, D
Rudstam, LG
Benoit, H
Mills, EL
Johannsson, O
AF Warner, David
Rudstam, Lars G.
Benoit, Hugues
Mills, Edward L.
Johannsson, Ora
TI Changes in seasonal nearshore zooplankton abundance patterns in Lake
Ontario following establishment of the exotic predator Cercopagis pengoi
SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Cercopagis pengoi; Lake Ontario; zooplankton; seasonality
ID ALEWIFE ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; SMELT OSMERUS-MORDAX; RAINBOW SMELT;
FOOD-WEB; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; FISH COMMUNITY; BALTIC SEA; PREY; SIZE;
PLANKTIVORY
AB Cercopagis pengoi, a zooplanktivore first discovered in Lake Ontario in 1998, may reduce availability of prey for planktivorous fish. Cercoapgis pengoi is most abundant in late summer and fall. Therefore, we hypothesized that abundance of small zooplankton (bosminids and cyclopoids) species would decrease at that time. To determine if the establishment of C. pengoi was followed by changes in the zooplankton community, seasonal patterns in nearshore zooplankton collected from May to October 1995-2000 were examined. Early summer density of small zooplankton was similar in all years while late summer and fall densities were significantly lower in 1998-2000 than in 1995-1997. The declines of small zooplankton coincided seasonally with the peak in C. pengoi density. Other possible causes for the observed changes in small zooplankton are less likely. High levels of fish predation should have resulted in smaller zooplankton in 1998-2000 than in 1995-1997 and larger declines in Daphnia than other groups. This was not observed. There was no significant decline in chlorophyll-a concentrations or changes in temperature between 1995-1997 and 1998-2000. There re, the declines in density of small zooplankton were most likely the result of C. pengoi predation. The effect of C. pengoi establishment on alewives is increased competition for zooplankton prey but C. pengoi has replaced a portion of the zooplankton biomass and adult alewife diet formerly dominated by Diacyclops thomasi and Bosmina longirostris.
C1 USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
Cornell Univ, Biol Field Stn, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA.
Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Marine Fish Sect, Gulf Fisheries Ctr, Moncton, NB E1C 9B6, Canada.
Fisheries & Oceans Canada, GLLFAS Burlington, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada.
RP Warner, D (reprint author), USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
EM dmwarner@usgs.gov
RI Warner, David/C-8858-2009
NR 47
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 2
U2 8
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0380-1330
J9 J GREAT LAKES RES
JI J. Gt. Lakes Res.
PY 2006
VL 32
IS 3
BP 531
EP 542
DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2006)32[531:CISNZA]2.0.CO;2
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 095HP
UT WOS:000241299100011
ER
PT J
AU Holbrook, BV
Hrabik, TR
Branstrator, DK
Yule, DL
Stockwell, JD
AF Holbrook, Beth V.
Hrabik, Thomas R.
Branstrator, Donn K.
Yule, Dan L.
Stockwell, Jason D.
TI Hydroacoustic estimation of Zooplankton Biomass at two shoal complexes
in the Apostle Islands Region of Lake Superior
SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Lake Superior; zooplankton; hydroacoustic; backscatter; spatial analysis
ID PREY SELECTION; YELLOW PERCH; ACOUSTIC SCATTERING; SOUND-SCATTERING;
GAPE LIMITATION; PATCHINESS; RECRUITMENT; POPULATION; GROWTH; TROUT
AB Hydroacoustics can be used to assess zooplankton populations, however, backscatter must be scaled to be biologically meaningful. In this study, we used a general model to correlate site-specific hydroacoustic backscatter with zooplankton dry weight biomass estimated from net tows. The relationship between zooplankton dry weight and backscatter was significant (p < 0.001) and explained 76% of the variability in the dry weight data. We applied this regression to hydroacoustic data collected monthly in 2003 and 2004 at two shoals in the Apostle Island Region of Lake Superior. After applying the regression model to convert hydroacoustic backscatter to zooplankton dry weight biomass, we used geostatistics to analyze the mean and variance, and ordinary kriging to create spatial zooplankton distribution maps. The mean zooplankton dry weight biomass estimates from plankton net tows and hydroacoustics were not significantly different (p = 0.19) but the hydroacoustic data had a significantly lower coefficient of variation (p < 0.001). The maps of zooplankton distribution illustrated spatial trends in zooplankton dry weight biomass that were not discernable from the overall means.
C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Biol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA.
US Geol Survey Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Superior Biol Stn, Ashland, WI 54806 USA.
RP Holbrook, BV (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Biol, 207 Swenson Sci Bldg, Duluth, MN 55812 USA.
EM holb0028@d.umn.edu
NR 43
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 3
U2 15
PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES
PI ANN ARBOR
PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA
SN 0380-1330
J9 J GREAT LAKES RES
JI J. Gt. Lakes Res.
PY 2006
VL 32
IS 4
BP 680
EP 696
DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2006)32[680:HEOZBA]2.0.CO;2
PG 17
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 121QM
UT WOS:000243172100003
ER
PT J
AU Janssen, J
Jude, DJ
Edsall, TA
Paddock, RW
Wattrus, N
Toneys, M
Mckee, P
AF Janssen, John
Jude, David J.
Edsall, Thomas A.
Paddock, Robert W.
Wattrus, Nigel
Toneys, Mike
McKee, Pat
TI Evidence of lake trout reproduction at Lake Michigan's Mid-Lake Reef
Complex
SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Great Lakes; ROV; submersible; Salvelinus namaycush; spawning
ID GREAT-LAKES; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; NATURAL REPRODUCTION; SPAWNING
HABITAT; EGG DEPOSITION; RESTORATION; PREDATION; ONTARIO;
REHABILITATION; SURVIVAL
AB The Mid-Lake Reef Complex (MLRC), a large area of deep (> 40 m) reefs, was a major site where indigenous lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Lake Michigan aggregated during spawning. As part of an effort to restore Lake Michigan's lake trout, which were extirpated in the 1950s, yearling lake trout have been released over the MLRC since the mid-1980s and fall gill net censuses began to show large numbers of lake trout in spawning condition beginning about 1999. We report the first evidence of viable egg deposition and successful lake trout fry production at these deep reefs. Because the area's existing bathymetry and habitat were too poorly known for a priori selection of sampling sites, we used hydroacoustics to locate concentrations of large fish in the fall; fish were congregating around slopes and ridges. Subsequent observations via unmanned submersible confirmed the large fish to be lake trout. Our technological objectives were driven by biological objectives of locating where lake trout spawn, where lake trout fry were produced, and what fishes ate lake trout eggs and fry. The unmanned submersibles were equipped with a suction sampler and electroshocker to sample eggs deposited on the reef, draw out and occasionally catch emergent fry, and collect egg predators (slimy sculpin Cottus cognatus). We observed slimy sculpin to eat unusually high numbers of lake trout eggs. Our qualitative approaches are a first step toward quantitative assessments of the importance of lake trout spawning on the MLRC.
C1 Univ Wisconsin, Great Lakes WATER Inst, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA.
Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
United States Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
Univ Minnesota, Large Lakes Observat, Duluth, MN 55812 USA.
Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235 USA.
RP Janssen, J (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Great Lakes WATER Inst, 600 E Greenfield Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA.
EM jjanssen@uwm.edu
RI Wattrus, Nigel/K-7575-2012; Mensinger, Allen/B-7349-2013
OI Wattrus, Nigel/0000-0003-0014-6192;
NR 30
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 1
U2 11
PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES
PI ANN ARBOR
PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA
SN 0380-1330
J9 J GREAT LAKES RES
JI J. Gt. Lakes Res.
PY 2006
VL 32
IS 4
BP 749
EP 763
DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2006)32[749:EOLTRA]2.0.CO;2
PG 15
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 121QM
UT WOS:000243172100008
ER
PT J
AU Howe, EA
Marsden, JE
Bouffard, W
AF Howe, Eric A.
Marsden, J. Ellen
Bouffard, Wayne
TI Movement of sea lamprey in the Lake Champlain basin
SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Sea lamprey; Petromyzon marinus; Lake Champlain; mark-recapture
ID PETROMYZON-MARINUS PREDATION; TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; GREAT-LAKES;
LARVAL; HURON; POPULATIONS; SUPERIOR; MARK
AB Sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) are a nuisance aquatic species in the Great Lakes and Lake Champlain that have devastated native fish populations and hampered the restoration of sport fisheries. This study examined inter-basin movement of sea lamprey in Lake Champlain to identify tributaries that contribute parasitic-phase sea lamprey and provide information for prioritizing those tributaries for sea lamprey control. A total of 4,125 recently metamorphosed sea lamprey was captured in tributaries to Lake Champlain and marked using coded wire tags between the fall of 2001 and winter 2003. These sea lamprey migrated to the lake to prey on salmonids and other fishes and returned to tributaries to spawn about 12-18 months after migration. We recaptured 6 tagged sea lamprey from the lake from spring 2002 through winter 2004, and 35 from tributaries in spring 2003 and 2004. We noted no apparent trends in movement among basins. Sea lamprey were collected at distances up to 64 kin from their natal tributaries. Tributary contributions of parasites were significantly differentfrom expectations it? the 2002 parasitic-phase cohort (chi(2) = 9.668, p < 0.011, 3 df), suggesting differential survival rates among out-migrating transformers from different tributaries. Estimates of the lake-wide out-migrating transformer population for the 2002 and 2003 parasitic-phase cohorts were 269,139 55,610 (SD) and 111,807 +/- 23,511 (SD). Results from this study suggest that sea lamprey movement is not inhibited by causeways dividing sub-basins, but movement among sub-basins is somewhat constrained. This indicates that management efforts to control sea lamprey should continue to treat the lake as a single system.
C1 Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT USA.
US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lake Champlain Fish & Wildlife Resources Off, Essex Jct, VT 05452 USA.
RP Marsden, JE (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT USA.
EM Ellen.Marsden@uvm.edu
NR 37
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 3
U2 13
PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES
PI ANN ARBOR
PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA
SN 0380-1330
J9 J GREAT LAKES RES
JI J. Gt. Lakes Res.
PY 2006
VL 32
IS 4
BP 776
EP 787
DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2006)32[776:MOSLIT]2.0.CO;2
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 121QM
UT WOS:000243172100010
ER
PT J
AU Fine, JM
Sisler, SP
Vrieze, LA
Swink, WD
Sorensen, PW
AF Fine, Jared M.
Sisler, Sean P.
Vrieze, Lance A.
Swink, William D.
Sorensen, Peter W.
TI A practical method for obtaining useful quantities of pheromones from
sea lamprey and other fishes for identification and control
SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE pheromone; invasive fishes; sea laniprely; petromyzonol sulfate;
petromyzonamine disulfate; petromyzosterol disulfate
ID MIGRATORY PHEROMONE; BILE-ACIDS; GYMNOCEPHALUS-CERNUUS; MANAGEMENT;
RELEASE; WATER; SERUM
AB Pheromonally-mediated trapping is currently, being developed for use in sea lamprey control in the Laurentian Great Lakes. To identify, and test lamprey pheromones a practical procedure was needed to isolate relatively large quantities of pheromone from lamprey holding water. The present study developed such a technique. It employs Amberlite XAD7HP, an adsorbent resin which we found can extract over 80% of the sea lamprey migratory pheromone from larval holding water at low cost and with relative ease. This technique allowed us to collect tens of milligrams of all three components of the sea lamprey migratory pheromone, eventually permitting both identification and successful field testing. This technique might also be used to collect pheromones released by other species of fish.
C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
United States Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA.
RP Sorensen, PW (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, 300 Hodson Hall,1980 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
EM soren003@umn.edu
NR 23
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 14
PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES
PI ANN ARBOR
PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA
SN 0380-1330
J9 J GREAT LAKES RES
JI J. Gt. Lakes Res.
PY 2006
VL 32
IS 4
BP 832
EP 838
DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2006)32[832:APMFOU]2.0.CO;2
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 121QM
UT WOS:000243172100015
ER
PT J
AU Walder, JS
Watts, P
Waythomas, CF
AF Walder, JS
Watts, P
Waythomas, CF
TI Case study: Mapping tsunami hazards associated with Debris flow into a
reservoir
SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE
LA English
DT Article
ID WAVE; DEPOSITS
AB Debris-flow generated impulse waves (tsunamis) pose hazards in lakes, especially those used for hydropower or recreation. We describe a method for assessing tsunami-related hazards for the case in which inundation by coherent water waves, rather than chaotic splashing, is of primary concern. The method involves an experimentally based initial condition (tsunami source) and a Boussinesq model for tsunami propagation and inundation. Model results are used to create hazard maps that offer guidance for emergency planners and responders. An example application explores tsunami hazards associated with potential debris flows entering Baker Lake, a reservoir on the flanks of the Mount Baker volcano in the northwestern United States.
C1 Cascades Volcano Observ, US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
Appl Fluids Engn, Long Beach, CA 90803 USA.
US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
RP Walder, JS (reprint author), Cascades Volcano Observ, US Geol Survey, 1300 SE Cardinal Ct,Bldg 10,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
EM jswalder@usgs.gov; phil.watts@appliedfluids.com; chris@usgs.gov
NR 34
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 6
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 0733-9429
J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE
JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE
PD JAN
PY 2006
VL 132
IS 1
BP 1
EP 11
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2006)132:1(1)
PG 11
WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Water Resources
GA 999LL
UT WOS:000234390700001
ER
PT J
AU Becker, PH
Voigt, CC
Arnold, JM
Nagel, R
AF Becker, PH
Voigt, CC
Arnold, JM
Nagel, R
TI A non-invasive technique to bleed incubating birds without trapping: a
blood-sucking bug in a hollow egg
SO JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE artificial egg; blood-sucking bug; incubating birds; non-invasive
bleeding; Sterna hirundo
ID BLOOD-SAMPLING TECHNIQUE; TRANSPONDERS; VALIDATION
AB We describe a non-invasive technique to obtain blood samples from incubating birds without trapping and handling. A larval instar of the blood-sucking bug Dipetalogaster maximus (Heteroptera) was put in a hollowed artificial egg which was placed in a common tern (Sterna hirundo) nest. A gauze-covered hole in the egg allowed the bug to draw blood from the brood patch of breeding adults. We successfully collected 68 blood samples of sufficient amount (median=187 mu l). The daily success rate was highest during the early breeding season and averaged 34% for all trials. We could not detect any visible response by the incubating bird to the sting of the bug. This technique allows for non-invasive blood collection from bird species of various sizes without disturbance.
C1 Inst Vogelforsch Vogelwarte Helgoland, D-26386 Wilhelmshaven, Germany.
Leibniz Inst Zoo & Wildlife Res, D-10252 Berlin, Germany.
USGS Patuxent Wildlife Refuge, Laurel, MD USA.
RP Becker, PH (reprint author), Inst Vogelforsch Vogelwarte Helgoland, Vogelwarte 21, D-26386 Wilhelmshaven, Germany.
EM peter.becker@ifv.terramare.de; voigt@izw-berlin.de
NR 11
TC 24
Z9 28
U1 2
U2 16
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0021-8375
J9 J ORNITHOL
JI J. Ornithol.
PD JAN
PY 2006
VL 147
IS 1
BP 115
EP 118
DI 10.1007/s10336-005-0027-3
PG 4
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 996SS
UT WOS:000234195600014
ER
PT J
AU Zuellig, R
Kondratieff, B
Schmidt, JP
Durfee, R
Ruiter, D
Prather, IE
AF Zuellig, R
Kondratieff, B
Schmidt, JP
Durfee, R
Ruiter, D
Prather, IE
TI An annotated list of aquatic insects of Fort Sill, Oklahoma, excluding
Diptera with notes on several new state records
SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE Ephemeroptera; Plecoptera; Trichoptera; Odonata; Coleoptera;
Heteroptera; Neuroptera; Megaloptera; Fort sill; Oklahoma
ID NORTH-AMERICA; EPHEMEROPTERA; MEGALOPTERA; COLEOPTERA; SIALIDAE; REGION
AB Qualitative collections of aquatic insects were made at Fort Sill, Lawton, Oklahoma, between 2002 and 2004. Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera, Odonata, Coleoptera, aquatic Heteroptera, Neuroptera, and Megaloptera were targeted. Additional records are included from a survey that took place in 1999. More than 11,000 specimens from more than 290 collections were examined. Based on the current understanding of aquatic insect systematics, 276 taxa distributed over 9 orders, 46 families, and 141 genera were identified. Twenty-three of the 276 taxa, Plauditus texanus Wiersema, Tricorythodes allectus (Needham), Palmacorixa nana walleyi Hungerford, Climacia chapini Partin and Gurney, Oxyethira forcipata Mosely, Oxyethira janella Denning, Triaenodes helo Milne, Ylodes frontalis (Banks), Acilius fraternus Harris, Coptotomus loticus Hilsenhoff, Coptotomus venustus (Say), Desmopachria dispersa Crotch, Graphoderus liberus (Say), Hydrovatus pustulatus (Melsheimer), Hygrotus acaroides (LeConte), Liodessus flavicollis (LeConte), Uvarus texanus (Sharp), Gyrinus woodruffi Fall, Haliplus fasciatus Aube, Haliplus lewisii Crotch, Haliplus tortilipenis Brigham & Sanderson, Chaetarthria bicolor Sharp, Epimetopus costatus complex, and Hydrochus simplex LeConte are reported from Oklahoma for the first time. The three most diverse orders included Coleoptera (86 species), Odonata (67 species) and Trichoptera (59 species), and the remaining taxa were distributed among Hetemptera, (30 species), Ephemeroptera (21 species), Plecoptera (6 species), Megaloptera (4 species), and Neuroptera Q species). Based on previous published records, many of the species collected during this study were expected to be found at Fort Sill; however, 276 taxa of aquatic insects identified from such a small geographic area is noteworthy, especially when considering local climatic conditions and the relatively small size of Fort Sill (38,300 ha). Despite agricultural practices in Oklahoma, the dust bowl days, and the development of water-based recreation at Fort Sill, a high percentage of the total known aquatic insect fauna of Oklahoma can be found in a small geographic area.
C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Zuellig, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 415, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
NR 80
TC 3
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 1
PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC
PI LAWRENCE
PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0022-8567
J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC
JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc.
PD JAN
PY 2006
VL 79
IS 1
BP 34
EP 54
DI 10.2317/505.03.1
PG 21
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 016CW
UT WOS:000235599300005
ER
PT J
AU Barrows, FT
Lellis, WA
AF Barrows, FT
Lellis, WA
TI Effect of diet processing method and ingredient substitution on feed
characteristics and survival of larval walleye, Sander vitreus
SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID SWIM BLADDER INFLATION; INTENSIVE CULTURE; FRY
AB Two methods were developed for the production of larval fish diets. The first method, microextrusion marumerization (MEM), has been tested in laboratory feeding trials for many years and produces particles that are palatable and water stable. The second method, particle-assisted rotational agglomeration (PARA), produced diets that have lower density than diets produced by MEM. Each method was used to produce diets in the 250- to 400- and 400- to 700-mu m range and compared with a reference diet (Fry Feed Kyowa* [FFK]) for feeding larval walleye in two experiments. The effect of substituting 4% of the fish meal with freeze-dried artemia fines was also investigated. In the first experiment, 30-d survival was greater (P < 0.05) for fish fed a diet produced by PARA without Artemia (49.1.0%) than for fish fed the same diet produced by MEM (27.6%). The addition of Artemia to a diet produced by MEM did not increase survival of larval walleye. Fish fed the reference diet had 24.4% survival. In the second experiment, there was an effect of both processing method and Artemia supplementation, and an interaction of these effects, on survival. Fish fed a diet produced by PARA without Artemia supplementation had 48.4% survival, and fish fed the same diet produced by MEM had only 19.6% survival. Inclusion of 4% freeze-dried Artemia improved (P < 0.04) survival of fish fed MEM particles but not those fed PARA particles. Fish fed FFK had greater weight gain than fish fed other diets in both experiments. Data indicate that the PARA method of diet processing produces smaller, lower density particles than the MEM process and that diets produced by the PARA process support higher survival of larval walleye with low capital and operating costs.
C1 USDA ARS, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA.
US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Res & Dev Labs, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA.
RP Barrows, FT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, 3059 H Natl Fish Hatchery Rd, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA.
NR 17
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 6
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0893-8849
J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC
JI J. World Aquacult. Soc.
PY 2006
VL 37
IS 2
BP 154
EP 160
DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2006.00021.x
PG 7
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 050HZ
UT WOS:000238079400002
ER
PT J
AU Blanchong, JA
Samuel, MD
Goldberg, DR
Shadduck, DJ
Lehr, MA
AF Blanchong, JA
Samuel, MD
Goldberg, DR
Shadduck, DJ
Lehr, MA
TI Persistence of Pasteurella multocida in wetlands following avian cholera
outbreaks
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE avian cholera; environmental persistence; epizootiology; Pasteurella
multocida; wetlands
ID WATER; SURVIVAL; BOTULISM; REFUGE
AB Avian cholera, caused by Pasteurella multocida, affects waterhirds across North America and occurs worldwide among various avian species. Once an epizootic begins, contamination of the wetland environment likely facilitates the transmission of P. multocida to susceptible birds. To evaluate the ability of P. multocida serotype-1, the most common serotype associated with avian cholera in waterfowl in western and central North America, to persist in wetlands and to identify environmental factors associated with its persistence, we collected water and sediment samples identify 23 wetlands dining winters and springs of 1996-99. These samples were collected during avian cholera outbreaks and for up to 13 wk following initial sampling. We recovered P. multocida from sit wetlands that were sampled following the initial outbreaks, but no P. multocida was isolated later than 7 wk after the initial outbreak sampling. We found no significant relationship between the probability of recovery of P. multocida during resampling and the abundance of the bacterium recovered during initial sampling, the substrate from which isolates were collected, isolate virulence, or water quality conditions previously suggested to be related to the abundance or survival of P. multocida. Our results indicate that wetlands are unlikely to serve as a long-terra reservoir for P. multocida because the bacterium does not persist in wetlands for long time periods following avian cholera outbreaks.
C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA.
Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, Arcata, CA 95521 USA.
RP Blanchong, JA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Wildlife Ecol, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM jablanchong@wisc.edu
OI Goldberg, Diana/0000-0001-8540-8512
NR 29
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 2
U2 8
PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0090-3558
J9 J WILDLIFE DIS
JI J. Wildl. Dis.
PD JAN
PY 2006
VL 42
IS 1
BP 33
EP 39
PG 7
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 046MJ
UT WOS:000237815400004
PM 16699146
ER
PT J
AU Sepulveda, MS
Del Piero, F
Wiebe, JJ
Rauschenberger, HR
Gross, TS
AF Sepulveda, MS
Del Piero, F
Wiebe, JJ
Rauschenberger, HR
Gross, TS
TI Necropsy findings in American alligator late-stage embryos and
hatchlings from northcentral florida lakes contaminated with
organochlorine pesticides
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE Alligator mississippiensis; contaminants; embryos; hatchlings;
histopathology; necropsy; toxicology
ID CROCODILES CROCODYLUS-NILOTICUS; JUVENILE ALLIGATORS; STEROID
CONCENTRATIONS; ORGANOSOMATIC INDEXES; PHALLUS SIZE; BODY-SIZE;
MISSISSIPPIENSIS; MORTALITY; SEX; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN
AB Increased American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) embryo and neonatal mortality has been reported from several northcentral Florida lakes contaminated with old-use organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). However, a clear relationship among these contaminants and egg viability has not been established, suggesting the involvement of additional factors in these mortalities. Thus, the main objective of this study was to determine the ultimate cause of mortality of American alligator late-stage embryos and hatchlings through the conduction of detailed pathological examinations, and to evaluate better the role of OCPs in these mortalities. Between 2000 and 2001, 236 dead alligators were necropsied at or near hatching (after similar to 65 days of artificial incubation and up to 1 mo of age posthatch). Dead animals were collected from 18 clutches ranging in viability from 0% to 95%. Total OCP concentrations in yolk ranged from similar to 100 to 52,000 mu g/kg, wet weight. The most common gross findings were generalized edema (34%) and organ hyperemia (29%), followed by severe emaciation (14%) and gross deformities (3%). Histopathologic examination revealed lesions in 35% of the animals, with over half of the cases being pneumonia, pulmonary edema, and atelectasis. Within and across clutches, dead embryos and hatchlings compared with their live cohorts were significantly smaller and lighter. Although alterations in growth and development were not related to yolk OCPs, there was an increase in prevalence of histologic lesions in clutches with high OCPs. Overall, these results indicate that general growth retardation and respiratory abnormalities were a major contributing factor in observed mortalities and that contaminants may increase the susceptibility of animals to developing certain pathologic conditions.
C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
Univ Penn, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Kennett Sq, PA 19348 USA.
Univ Penn, Sch Vet Med, Dept Clin Studies, New Bolton Ctr, Kennett Sq, PA 19348 USA.
USGS BRD Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Ctr Aquat Resource Studies, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA.
US Fish & Wildlife Serv, N Florida Field Off, Jacksonville, FL 32216 USA.
RP Sepulveda, MS (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 195 Marsteller St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
EM mssepulv@purdue.edu
RI Sepulveda, Maria/P-3598-2014
FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P42ES07375]
NR 53
TC 8
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 2
PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0090-3558
J9 J WILDLIFE DIS
JI J. Wildl. Dis.
PD JAN
PY 2006
VL 42
IS 1
BP 56
EP 73
PG 18
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 046MJ
UT WOS:000237815400007
PM 16699149
ER
PT J
AU Blanchong, JA
Samuel, MD
Mack, G
AF Blanchong, JA
Samuel, MD
Mack, G
TI Multi-species patterns of avian cholera mortality in nebraska's
rainwater basin
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE avian cholera; Chen caerulescens caerulescens; epizootiology; lesser
snow geese; Nebraska; Pasteurella multocida; Rainwater Basin; waterfowl
ID LESSER SNOW; WATERFOWL; GEESE
AB Nebraska's Rainwater Basin (RWB) is a key spring migration area for millions of waterfowl and other avian species. Asian cholera has been endemic in the RWB since the 1970s and in some years tens of thousands of waterfowl have died from the disease. We evaluated patterns of avian cholera mortality in waterfowl species using the RWB during the last quarter of the 20th century. Mortality patterns changed between the years before (1976-1988) and coincident with (1989-1999) the dramatic increases in lesser snow goose abundance and mortality. Lesser snow geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens) have commonly been associated with mortality events in the RWB and are known to carry virulent strains of Pasteurella multocida, the agent causing avian cholera. Lesser snow geese appeared to be the species most affected by avian cholera during 1989-1999; however, mortality in several other waterfowl species was positively correlated with lesser snow goose mortality. Coincident with increased lesser snow goose mortality, spring avian cholera outbreaks were detected earlier and ended earlier compared to 1976-1988. Dense concentrations of lesser snow geese may facilitate intraspecific disease transmission through bird-to-bird contact and wetland contamination. Rates of interspecific avian cholera transmission within the waterfowl community, however, are difficult to determine.
C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA.
US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Rainwater Basin Wetlands Management Dist, Kearney, NE 68847 USA.
RP Blanchong, JA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Wildlife Ecol, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM jablanchong@wisc.edu
NR 27
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 3
U2 9
PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0090-3558
J9 J WILDLIFE DIS
JI J. Wildl. Dis.
PD JAN
PY 2006
VL 42
IS 1
BP 81
EP 91
PG 11
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 046MJ
UT WOS:000237815400009
PM 16699151
ER
PT J
AU Ward, MR
Stallknecht, DE
Willis, J
Conroy, MJ
Davidson, WR
AF Ward, MR
Stallknecht, DE
Willis, J
Conroy, MJ
Davidson, WR
TI Wild bird mortality and west nile virus surveillance: Biases associated
with detection, reporting, and carcass persistence
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE American crow; carcass; house sparrow; persistence; scavenging;
surveillance; West Nile virus
ID EARLY WARNING SYSTEM; SONGBIRD CARCASSES; SURVIVAL; DISAPPEARANCE
AB Surveillance targeting dead wild birds, in particular American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos), plays a critical role in West Nile virus (WNV) surveillance in the United States. Using crow decoy surrogates, detection and reporting of crow carcasses within urban and rural environments of DeKalb County, Georgia were assessed for potential biases that might occur in the county's WNV surveillance program. In each of two replicated trials, during July and September 2003, 400 decoys were labeled with reporting instructions and distributed along randomly chosen routes throughout designated urban and rural areas within DeKalb County. Information-theoretic methods were used to compare alternative models incorporating the effects of area and trial on probabilities of detection and reporting. The model with the best empirical support included the effects of area on both detection and reporting of decoys. The proportion of decoys detected in the urban area (0.605, SE = 0.024) was approximately twice that of the rural area (0.293, SE = 0.023), and the proportion of decoys reported in the urban area (0.273, SE = 0.023) was approximately three times that of the rural area (0.103, SE = 0.028). These results suggest that human density and associated factors can substantially influence dead crow detection and reporting and, thus, the perceived distribution of WNV. In a second and separate study, the persistence and fate of American crow and house sparrow (Passer domesticus) carcasses were assessed in urban and rural environments in Athens-Clarke, Madison, and Oconee counties, Georgia. Two replicated trials using 96 carcasses of each species were conducted during July and September 2004. For a portion of the carcasses, motion sensitive cameras were used to monitor scavenging species visits. Most carcasses (82%) disappeared or were decayed by the end of the 6-day study. Carcass persistence averaged 1.6 days in rural areas and 2.1 days in urban areas. We analyzed carcass persistence rates using a known-fate model framework in program MARK. Model selection based on Akaike's Information Criteria (AIC) indicated that the best model explaining carcass persistence rates included species and number of days of exposure; however, the model including area and number of days of exposure received approximately equal support. Model-averaged carcass persistence rates were higher for urban areas and for crow carcasses. Six mammalian and one avian species were documented scavenging upon carcasses. Dead wild birds could represent potential sources of oral WNV exposure to these scavenging species. Species composition of the scavenger assemblage was similar in urban and rural areas but "scavenging pressure" was greater in rural areas.
C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
DeKalb Cty Board Hlth, Div Environm Hlth, Decatur, GA 30030 USA.
Univ Georgia, USGS, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
RP Davidson, WR (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
EM rdavidso@vet.uga.edu
NR 22
TC 46
Z9 47
U1 0
U2 17
PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0090-3558
J9 J WILDLIFE DIS
JI J. Wildl. Dis.
PD JAN
PY 2006
VL 42
IS 1
BP 92
EP 106
PG 15
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 046MJ
UT WOS:000237815400010
PM 16699152
ER
PT J
AU Conroy, MJ
Beier, P
Quigley, H
Vaughan, MR
AF Conroy, MJ
Beier, P
Quigley, H
Vaughan, MR
TI Improving the use of science in conservation: Lessons from the Florida
panther
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE endangered species; Florida panther; multiple working hypotheses; peer
review; Puma concolor; recovery plans
ID MULTIPLE WORKING HYPOTHESES; GENETIC INTROGRESSION; RELIABLE KNOWLEDGE;
MANAGEMENT; ECOLOGY
AB In a companion article (Beier et al. 2006), we identified 2 sets of unreliable inferences that may compromise efforts to conserve the Florida panther (Puma concolor coryi). In spite of serious flaws in methodology and interpretation, these unreliable conclusions have appeared in prominent, peer-refereed scientific journals and have been repeatedly cited and miscited in support of panther conservation. Future editors and referees may reduce these errors by insisting on adherence to an Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion (IMPAD) format; checking improbable assertions attributed to earlier papers; and refusing to allow scientific inference in publication formats not subject to scientific peer review (e.g., editorials). We urge conservation biologists to view science as an adaptive process and to use the method of multiple working hypotheses (Chamberlin 1890) that are now a central feature of adaptive resource management (Walters 1986, Williams et al. 2002). We advocate a workshop approach, similar to that used for analysis of data for the northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis; Anderson et al. 1999), to deal with scientific disagreement where, as in the case with panthers, stakeholders have entrenched points of view. Finally, we recommend the creation of an independent Scientific Steering Committee to address long-term issues of future research and monitoring of Florida panthers.
C1 Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA.
Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
RP Conroy, MJ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
EM mconroy@uga.edu
RI Beier, Paul/K-9294-2013
OI Beier, Paul/0000-0002-4297-4343
NR 46
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 4
U2 25
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0022-541X
EI 1937-2817
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PY 2006
VL 70
IS 1
BP 1
EP 7
DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1:ITUOSI]2.0.CO;2
PG 7
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 038KH
UT WOS:000237217900001
ER
PT J
AU Koons, DN
Rockwell, RF
Grand, JB
AF Koons, DN
Rockwell, RF
Grand, JB
TI Population momentum: Implications for wildlife management
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE demography; elasticity; population growth rate; population momentum;
population size; sensitivity; transient dynamics
ID LIFE-HISTORY VARIATION; ELASTICITY ANALYSIS; GROWTH RATE;
SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; ET-AL; CONSERVATION; DYNAMICS; MAMMALS; MODEL;
RELIABILITY
AB Maintenance of sustainable wildlife populations is one of the primary purposes of wildlife management. Thus, it is important to monitor and manage population growth over time. Sensitivity analysis of the long-term (i.e., asymptotic) population growth rate to changes in the vital rates is commonly used in management to identify the vital rates that contribute most to population growth. Yet, dynamics associated with the longterm population growth rate only pertain to the special case when there is a stable age (or stage) distribution of individuals in the population. Frequently, this assumption is necessary because age structure is rarely estimated. However, management actions can greatly affect the age distribution of a population. For initially growing and declining populations, we instituted hypothetical management targeted at halting the growth or decline of the population, and measured the effects of a changing age structure on the population dynamics. When we changed vital rates, the age structure became unstable and population momentum caused populations to grow differently than that predicted by the longterm population growth rate. Interestingly, changes in fertility actually reversed the direction of short-term population growth, leading to longterm population sizes that were actually smaller or larger than that when fertility was changed. Population momentum can significantly affect population dynamics and will be an important factor in the use of population models for management.
C1 Auburn Univ, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Ornithol, New York, NY 10024 USA.
Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, USGS, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
RP Koons, DN (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
EM koons@demogr.mpg.de
NR 42
TC 28
Z9 31
U1 1
U2 18
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0022-541X
EI 1937-2817
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PY 2006
VL 70
IS 1
BP 19
EP 26
DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[19:PMIFWM]2.0.CO;2
PG 8
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 038KH
UT WOS:000237217900003
ER
PT J
AU Shadduck, DJ
Samuel, MD
Goldberg, DR
Shadduck, DJ
Creekmore, LH
AF Shadduck, DJ
Samuel, MD
Goldberg, DR
Shadduck, DJ
Creekmore, LH
TI Wetland environmental conditions associated with the risk of avian
cholera outbreaks and the abundance of Pasteurella multocida
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE avian cholera; environmental conditions; epizootiology; Pasteurella
multocida; waterfowl; wetlands
ID LESSER SNOW; WATER; GEESE; SURVIVAL; MORTALITY; NEBRASKA; CARRIERS;
BOTULISM; REFUGE; TESTS
AB Avian cholera is a significant infectious disease affecting waterfowl across North America and occurs worldwide among various avian species. Despite the importance of this disease, little is known about the factors that cause avian cholera outbreaks and what management strategies might be used to reduce disease mortality. Previous studies indicated that wetland water conditions may affect survival and transmission of Pasteurella multocida, the agent that causes avian cholera. These studies hypothesized that water conditions affect the likelihood that avian cholera outbreaks will occur in specific wetlands. To test these predictions, we collected data from avian cholera outbreak and non-outbreak (control) wetlands throughout North America (winter-spring 1995-1996 to 1998-1999) to evaluate whether water conditions were associated with outbreaks. Conditional logistic regression analysis on paired outbreak and non-outbreak wetlands indicated no significant association between water conditions and the risk of avian cholera outbreaks. For wetlands where avian cholera outbreaks occurred, linear regression showed that increased eutrophic nutrient concentrations (Potassium [K] nitrate [NO3], phosphorus [P], and phosphate [PO3]) were positively related to the abundance of P. multocida recovered from water and sediment samples. Wetland protein concentration and an El Nino event were also associated with P. multocida abundance. Our results indicate that wetland water conditions are not strongly associated with the risk of avian cholera outbreaks; however, some variables may play a role in the abundance of P. multocida bacteria and might be important in reducing the severity of avian cholera outbreaks.
C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA.
RP Shadduck, DJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM jablanchong@wisc.edu
OI Goldberg, Diana/0000-0001-8540-8512
NR 47
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 5
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0022-541X
EI 1937-2817
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PY 2006
VL 70
IS 1
BP 54
EP 60
DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[54:WECAWT]2.0.CO;2
PG 7
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 038KH
UT WOS:000237217900007
ER
PT J
AU Stafford, JD
Kaminski, RM
Reinecke, KJ
Manley, SW
AF Stafford, JD
Kaminski, RM
Reinecke, KJ
Manley, SW
TI Waste rice for waterfowl in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE carrying capacity; conservation planning; estimation; food resources;
foraging; Mississippi Alluvial Valley; rice; sampling; waterfowl
ID SACRAMENTO VALLEY; HARVESTED FIELDS; SMALL MAMMALS; CALIFORNIA; WINTER;
DETERIORATION; COMMUNITIES; SURVIVAL; SOYBEANS; MALLARDS
AB Flooded rice fields are important foraging habitats for waterfowl in the lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV). Waste rice previously was abundant in late autumn (140-492 kg/ha), but early planting and harvest dates in recent years may have increased losses of waste rice during autumn before waterfowl arrive. Research in Mississippi rice fields revealed waste-rice abundance decreased 79-99% during autumns 19951996 (Manley et al. 2004). To determine if this trend existed throughout the MAV we used multistage sampling (MSS) to estimate waste-rice abundance during September-December 2000-2002. Averaged over years, mean abundance of waste rice decreased 71% between harvest ((x) over bar = 271.0 kg/ha, CV = 13% n = 3 years) and late autumn ((x) over bar = 78.4 kg/ha, CV = 15% n = 3). Among 15 models formulated to explain variation in rice abundance among fields and across years, the best model indicated abundance of waste rice in late autumn differed between harvester types (i.e., conventional > stripper header) and was positively related to initial waste-rice abundance after harvest. Because abundance of waste rice in late autumn was less than previous estimates in all 3 years, we concluded that waterfowl conservationists have overestimated carrying capacity of rice fields for wintering waterfowl by 52-83% and recommend 325 duck-use days/ha (DUDs) as a revised estimate. We suggest monitoring advances in rice harvest dates to determine when new surveys are warranted and recommend increased management of moist-soil wetlands to compensate for decreased rice abundance.
C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA.
Ducks Unltd Inc, TriState Field Stn, Cape Girardeau, MO 63701 USA.
RP Stafford, JD (reprint author), Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Bellrose Waterfowl Res Lab, Forbes Biol Stn, Havana, IL 62644 USA.
EM stafford@inhs.uiuc.edu
RI Stafford, Joshua/H-4039-2011
NR 60
TC 44
Z9 53
U1 1
U2 14
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0022-541X
EI 1937-2817
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PY 2006
VL 70
IS 1
BP 61
EP 69
DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[61:WRFWIT]2.0.CO;2
PG 9
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 038KH
UT WOS:000237217900008
ER
PT J
AU Kinzel, PJ
Nelson, JM
Parker, RS
Davis, LR
AF Kinzel, PJ
Nelson, JM
Parker, RS
Davis, LR
TI Spring census of mid-continent sandhill cranes using aerial infrared
videography
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Grus canadensis; infrared; Mid-continent; Nebraska; Platte River;
populations; remote sensing; roosting; sandhill crane; videography
ID PLATTE RIVER; NEBRASKA
AB Aerial infrared videography was used to map spatial distributions of nocturnal sandhill crane (Grus canadensis) flocks and determine crane densities within roosts as an alternative to the currently used diurnal photo-corrected ocular transect method to estimate the size of the midcontinental population. The densities determined from samples taken over the course of a night show variability. Densities measured early in the night (2100 to 2300 hrs) were generally lower than those measured in the time period after midnight and up until cranes prepared to depart their roosts before sunrise. This suggests that cranes may be more active early in the night and possibly still settling into their roosts at this time. For this reason, densities and areas measured later at night and into the early morning were used to estimate population size. Our methods estimated that the annual crane populations along the central Platte River in Nebraska were higher than estimates from the ocular transect method, however both methods showed a similar trend with time. Our population size estimates likely were higher because our methodology provided synoptic imagery of crane roosts along the entire study reach when all cranes had returned to the river, and the nocturnal densities were higher than previous estimates using observations from late evening or early morning. In addition to providing a tool for estimating annual population size, infrared videography can be utilized over time to identify spatial changes in the roosting patterns that may occur as a result of riverine management activities.
C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
Davis Aviat, Kent, OH 44240 USA.
RP Kinzel, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
EM pjkinzel@usgs.gov
OI Kinzel, Paul/0000-0002-6076-9730
NR 23
TC 14
Z9 16
U1 2
U2 6
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0022-541X
EI 1937-2817
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PY 2006
VL 70
IS 1
BP 70
EP 77
DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[70:SCOMSC]2.0.CO;2
PG 8
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 038KH
UT WOS:000237217900009
ER
PT J
AU Shaffer, TL
Dahl, AL
Reynolds, RE
Baer, KL
Johnson, MA
Sargeant, GA
AF Shaffer, TL
Dahl, AL
Reynolds, RE
Baer, KL
Johnson, MA
Sargeant, GA
TI Determinants of mallard and gadwall nesting on constructed islands in
North Dakota
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Anas platyrhynchos; Anas strepera; breeding-pair density; constructed
islands; duck nesting; gadwall; landscape; mallard; nest density; North
Dakota; perennial grass cover
ID PRAIRIE POTHOLE REGION; MILLER LAKE ISLAND; DUCK; WATERFOWL; SUCCESS;
VEGETATION; HABITAT
AB Constructed islands with adequate nesting cover provide secure nesting sites for ducks because islands restrict access by mammalian predators. These islands are costly to construct and should be placed in areas that ensure the greatest use by nesting ducks. We studied mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) and gadwall (A. strepera) nesting on constructed islands in North Dakota in 1996 (n = 20) and 1997 (n = 22) to evaluate factors-particularly amount of perennial grass cover in the surrounding landscape and density of breeding pairs-that possibly influence numbers of initiated nests. We also examined effects of island characteristics, such as island vegetation, on numbers of nests. Numbers of mallard and gadwall nests on islands were negatively related to amounts of perennial grass cover in the surrounding uplands. Numbers of mallard nests were positively related to percentages of tall dense cover on islands. We found no effects of breeding-pair density on numbers of nests initiated by either species, possibly because breeding pairs were abundant on all study sites. Percent shrub cover on islands was a better predictor of island use than was percent tall dense cover. Island use by these species increased with island age and distance from mainland shore. Amounts of perennial cover in landscapes should be primary considerations in determining where to build islands. Our data suggest that use of islands by nesting mallards and gadwalls is greatest in landscapes with little perennial grass cover (i.e., high amounts of cropland). Other researchers documented a positive relation between nest success in upland covers and amount of perennial grass cover in the landscape. Therefore, islands constructed in landscapes with little perennial cover should provide greater gains in duck recruitment rates than islands constructed in landscapes with greater amounts of perennial grass cover.
C1 US Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA.
N Dakota Game & Fish Dept, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA.
US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Habitat & Populat Evaluat Team, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA.
US Bur Reclamat, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA.
N Dakota Game & Fish Dept, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA.
RP Shaffer, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA.
EM terry_shaffer@usgs.gov
NR 39
TC 4
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 7
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0022-541X
EI 1937-2817
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PY 2006
VL 70
IS 1
BP 129
EP 137
DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[129:DOMAGN]2.0.CO;2
PG 9
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 038KH
UT WOS:000237217900015
ER
PT J
AU Fletcher, RJ
Koford, RR
Seaman, DA
AF Fletcher, RJ
Koford, RR
Seaman, DA
TI Critical demographic parameters for declining songbirds breeding in
restored grasslands
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE brood parasitism; elasticity; grassland birds; habitat restoration; nest
predation; population projection models; renesting; survival
ID CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM; NEST PREDATION; POPULATION-GROWTH;
SEASONAL FECUNDITY; RADIO-TRANSMITTERS; BROOD PARASITISM; BIRD
POPULATIONS; MARKED ANIMALS; HABITAT; SURVIVAL
AB Land area occupied by tallgrass prairie has declined throughout the midcontinental United States during the past 2 centuries, and migratory birds breeding in these habitats have also experienced precipitous population declines. State and federal agencies have responded by restoring and reconstructing grassland habitats. To understand consequences of restoration for grassland bird populations, we combined demographic data collected over 4 breeding seasons (1999-2002) in northern Iowa, USA, with population projection models to estimate population growth rates of 2 declining migratory songbirds, dickcissels (Spiza americana) and bobolinks (Dolichonyx oryzivorus). To determine what parameters were critical for conservation of these species, we estimated relative contributions of nest predation, brood parasitism by brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater), annual survival, and renesting to population growth using elasticity analysis. Based on model simulations, the population growth rate for dickcissels was not high enough to be stable without immigration into the area (gimel < 1). For bobolinks, populations could only be stable (gimel = 1) if annual survival was relatively high (adult survival > 0.7, with juvenile survival between 0.2 and 0.5). Population growth rates were most sensitive to adult survival across a wide range of parameter estimates, whereas sensitivity to brood parasitism and renesting were consistently low. Elasticities associated with nest predation were highly variable and dependent on survival estimates. In the absence of changes in other demographic parameters, eliminating brood parasitism would not be enough to ensure stable populations of either species. Only management focused on increasing adult survival or decreasing nest predation could produce stable populations. Our results underscore the need for reliable adult survival estimates and conservation strategies focused throughout all phases of the annual cycle. In addition, our modeling approach provides an effective framework for investigating the importance of demographic parameters to population growth rates of birds that are influenced by nest predation, brood parasitism, and renesting. Although habitat restoration is one of the few alternatives for conserving communities in threatened landscapes, restoration strategies also need to have positive effects on population dynamics for species of concern, which has not been demonstrated in this grassland system.
C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
RP Fletcher, RJ (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Avian Sci Ctr, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
EM Robert.fletcher@mso.umt.edu
OI Fletcher, Robert/0000-0003-1717-5707
NR 69
TC 41
Z9 42
U1 6
U2 34
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0022-541X
EI 1937-2817
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PY 2006
VL 70
IS 1
BP 145
EP 157
DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[145:CDPFDS]2.0.CO;2
PG 13
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 038KH
UT WOS:000237217900017
ER
PT J
AU Winter, M
Johnson, DH
Shaffer, JA
Donovan, TM
Svedarsky, WD
AF Winter, M
Johnson, DH
Shaffer, JA
Donovan, TM
Svedarsky, WD
TI Patch size and landscape effects on density and nesting success of
grassland birds
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE bird density bobolink; clay-colored sparrow; Dolichonyx oryzivorus;
landscape composition; nest success; Passerculus sandwichensis; patch
size; replication; Savannah sparrow; Spizella pallida; variability
ID BOBOLINKS DOLICHONYX-ORYZIVORUS; NORTHERN TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; BREEDING
BIRDS; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; AREA SENSITIVITY; MIGRATORY BIRDS;
NEW-YORK; ABUNDANCE; PREDATION; EDGE
AB Current management recommendations for grassland birds in North America emphasize providing large patches of grassland habitat within landscapes that have few forest or shrubland areas. These Bird Conservation Areas are being proposed under the assumption that large patches of habitat in treeless landscapes will maintain viable populations of grassland birds. This assumption requires that patch size and landscape features affect density and nesting success of grassland birds, and that these effects are consistent among years and regions and across focal species. However, these assumptions have not yet been validated for grassland birds, and the relative importance of local vegetation structure, patch size, and landscape composition on grassland bird populations is not well known. In addition, factors influencing grassland bird nesting success have been investigated mostly in small-scale and short-duration studies. To develop management guidelines for grassland birds, we tested the spatial and temporal repeatability of the influence of patch size and landscape composition on density and nesting success of 3 grassland passerines, after controlling for local-scale vegetation structure, climate, and - when analyzing nest success bird density. We conducted our study during 4 years (1998-2001) in 44 study plots that were set up in 3 regions of the northern tallgrass prairie in Minnesota and North Dakota, USA. In these study plots we measured density and nesting success of clay-colored sparrows (Spizella pallida), Savannah sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis), and bobolinks (Dolichonyx oryzivorus). Statistical models indicated that density was influenced by patch size, landscape, region, and local vegetation structure more so than by local vegetation structure alone. Both magnitude and direction of the response of density to patch size varied among regions, years, and species. In contrast, the direction of landscape effects was consistent among regions, years, and between Savannah sparrows and bobolinks. In each species, this landscape effect was independent of patch size. Nesting success was not clearly influenced by patch size or landscape composition, and none of the factors that influenced avian density also influenced nesting success in any of the 3 species. General statements on "optimal habitat" for grassland birds should therefore be viewed cautiously. Instead, long-term studies in different regions as well as a deeper understanding of the local system are needed to determine which factors are most important for grassland birds in a particular area.
C1 SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA.
US Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA.
US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA.
Univ Vermont, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Burlington, VT 05405 USA.
Univ Minnesota, NW Res & Outreach Ctr, Crookston, MN 56716 USA.
RP Winter, M (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
EM mw267@cornell.edu
NR 80
TC 69
Z9 72
U1 9
U2 55
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0022-541X
EI 1937-2817
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PY 2006
VL 70
IS 1
BP 158
EP 172
DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[158:PSALEO]2.0.CO;2
PG 15
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 038KH
UT WOS:000237217900018
ER
PT J
AU Thatcher, BS
Krementz, DG
Woodrey, MS
AF Thatcher, BS
Krementz, DG
Woodrey, MS
TI Henslow's sparrow winter-survival estimates and response to prescribed
burning
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Ammodramus henslowii; coastal plain; Henslow's sparrow; pine savanna;
prescribed burning; radiotelemetry; survival; winter
ID FLORIDA GRASSHOPPER; RADIO-TRANSMITTERS; BACHMANS SPARROWS; MARKED
ANIMALS; COASTAL-PLAIN; SITE FIDELITY; FIRE; CONSERVATION; LIMITATION;
FREQUENCY
AB Wintering Henslow's sparrow (Ammodramus henslowii) populations rely on lands managed with prescribed burning, but the effects of various burn regimes on their overwinter survival are unknown. We studied wintering Henslow's sparrows in coastal pine savannas at the Mississippi Sandhill Crane National Wildlife Refuge, Jackson County, Mississippi, USA, during January and February 2001 and 2002. We used the known-fate modeling procedure in program MARK to evaluate the effects of burn age (1 or 2 growing seasons elapsed), burn season (growing, dormant), and calendar year on the survival rates of 83 radiomarked Henslow's sparrows. We found strong evidence that Henslow's sparrow survival rates differed by burn age (with higher survival in recently burned sites) and by year (with lower survival rates in 2001 likely because of drought conditions). We found some evidence that survival rates also differed by burn season (with higher survival in growing-season sites), although the effects of burn season were only apparent in recently burned sites. Avian predation was the suspected major cause of mortality (causing 6 of 14 deaths) with 1 confirmed loggerhead shrike (Lanius ludovicianus) depredation. Our results indicated that recently burned savannas provide high-quality wintering habitats and suggested that managers can improve conditions for wintering Henslow's sparrows by burning a large percentage of savannas each year.
C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA.
US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Jackson, MS 39213 USA.
RP Thatcher, BS (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
EM thatcher@utk.edu
NR 56
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 3
U2 9
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0022-541X
EI 1937-2817
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PY 2006
VL 70
IS 1
BP 198
EP 206
DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[198:HSWEAR]2.0.CO;2
PG 9
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 038KH
UT WOS:000237217900022
ER
PT J
AU Telesco, DJ
Van Manen, FT
AF Telesco, DJ
Van Manen, FT
TI Do black bears respond to military weapons training?
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE American black bear; discrete choice model; habitat use; habituation;
military training; spatiotemporal response; Ursus americanus
ID RESOURCE SELECTION; STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES; HABITAT SELECTION; JET
AIRCRAFT; TRIANGULATION; ERROR; MOVEMENTS
AB The primary function of military training areas is to support military missions, however, management of natural resources that is compatible with that function has become a focal issue on many military installations. We investigated the relationship between black bear (Ursus americanus) habitat use and weapons-firing exercises at 3 spatial scales on the western portion of U.S. Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune (Camp Lejeune), North Carolina. in 2000 and 2001, we collected 1,494 telemetry locations for 14 bears (6 males, 8 females). We used spatial contours of human auditory disturbance levels based on the noise generated from firing activities to establish high-, medium-, and low-disturbance noise zones for each firing range. We used the multinomial logit form of discrete choice analysis to examine whether bears exhibited a spatial (i.e., general avoidance of areas associated with military activity) or temporal response (i.e., avoidance of military training areas but only when firing exercises occurred). Except for small areas near the firing positions, differences in bear use among the 3 noise zone areas was mostly a function of the prevalence of selected vegetation types and not a response to military activity. Our temporal analysis further suggested that bears did not respond to weapons exercises; the distance of bears to the nearest high-disturbance noise zone was not associated with the occurrence of weapons exercises.
C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
Univ Tennessee, So Appalachian Field Branch, Dept Forestry, US Geol Survey, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
RP Telesco, DJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
EM vanmanen@utk.edu
NR 44
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 5
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0022-541X
EI 1937-2817
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PY 2006
VL 70
IS 1
BP 222
EP 230
DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[222:DBBRTM]2.0.CO;2
PG 9
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 038KH
UT WOS:000237217900025
ER
PT J
AU Beier, P
Vaughan, MR
Conroy, MJ
Quigley, H
AF Beier, P
Vaughan, MR
Conroy, MJ
Quigley, H
TI Evaluating scientific inferences about the Florida panther
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE demography; endangered species; Florida panther; genetic restoration;
habitat use; Puma concolor coryi; reliability; scientific inference
ID CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; HABITAT USE; EXTINCTION; RECOVERY; MOVEMENT;
GENETICS
AB At the request of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC), we provide an independent assessment of the reliability of the scientific literature used to support conservation of Florida panthers (Puma concolor coryi). We independently reached similar conclusions about unreliable scientific inferences before discussing the issues with each other or with others. Although a quarter-century of research supports many published conclusions, 2 sets of unreliable inferences may compromise efforts to conserve the species. The first is a set of 4 unreliable inferences that underlie the Panther Habitat Evaluation Model (PHEM), used by agencies to evaluate projects that may affect panther habitat. Specifically, the following assertions are unreliable: 1) panthers are forest obligates, 2) panthers require large (> 500 ha) forest patches, 3) panthers are reluctant to cross 90-m gaps of nonforest habitat, and 4) the value of potential panther habitat declines linearly with distance to a population core in south Florida, USA. These assertions are unreliable because the analyses excluded (without mention or rationale) almost half the available data, compared used habitats to an inappropriate set of available habitats, made inferences about habitat preference without any data on available habitats, were based only on panther locations during daytime, ignored telemetry error, or suffered from other flaws. The second is a set of 2 unreliable inferences about panther demography prior to the genetic restoration effort initiated in 1995. Inferences that neonate survival was >= 0.84 and that the panther population was demographically vigorous prior to 1995 are flawed because the survival analysis ignored mortality during the first 4 months and because other inferences were based on numbers of births and deaths in samples of convenience rather than appropriate vital rates. These faulty inferences about panther demography brought unwarranted credibility to challenges of the genetic restoration program. Faulty inferences of both sets were repeated in subsequent scientific and popular articles; in several instances, previously published work was mis-cited. In its current (2002-2005) version, PHEM is unreliable and should not be used in decisions about panther habitat. Biologists should obtain better demographic estimates and fully analyze how the introgression program has affected these rates.
C1 No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
Wildlife Conservat Soc, Global Carnivore Program, Bronx, NY 10460 USA.
RP Beier, P (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
EM paul.beier@nau.edu
RI Beier, Paul/K-9294-2013
OI Beier, Paul/0000-0002-4297-4343
NR 38
TC 20
Z9 21
U1 3
U2 25
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0022-541X
EI 1937-2817
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PY 2006
VL 70
IS 1
BP 236
EP 245
DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[236:ESIATF]2.0.CO;2
PG 10
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 038KH
UT WOS:000237217900027
ER
PT J
AU Roberts, CW
Pierce, BL
Braden, AW
Lopez, RR
Silvy, NJ
Frank, PA
Ransom, D
AF Roberts, CW
Pierce, BL
Braden, AW
Lopez, RR
Silvy, NJ
Frank, PA
Ransom, D
TI Comparison of camera and road survey estimates for white-tailed deer
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Florida Key deer; infrared-triggered cameras; Odocoileus virginianus
clavium; population density; road surveys; white-tailed deer
ID FLORIDA-KEY DEER; TRIGGERED CAMERAS; DENSITIES; ABUNDANCE; WILDLIFE
AB Wildlife managers require reliable, cost-effective, and accurate methods for conducting population surveys in making wildlife management decisions. Traditional methods such as spotlight counts, drive counts, strip counts (aerial, thermal, infrared) and mark-recapture techniques can be expensive, labor-intensive, or limited to habitats with high visibility. Convenience sampling designs are often used to circumvent these problems, creating the potential for unknown bias in survey results. Infrared-triggered cameras (ITCs) are a rapidly developing technology that may provide a viable alternative to wildlife managers because they can be economically used with alternative sampling designs. We evaluated population-density estimates from unbaited ITCs and road surveys for the endangered Florida Key deer (Odocoileus virginianus clavium) on No Name Key, Florida, USA (461-ha island). Road surveys (n = 253) were conducted along a standardized 4-km route each week at sunrise In = 90), sunset (n = 93), and nighttime (n = 70) between January 1998 and December 2000 (total deer observed = 4,078). During this same period, 11 ITC stations (1 camera/42 ha) collected 8,625 exposures, of which 5,511 registered deer (64% of photographs). Study results found a difference (P < 0.001) between methods with road-survey population estimates lower (76 deer) than ITC estimates (166 deer). In comparing the proportion of marked deer between the 2 methods, we observed a higher (P < 0.001) proportion from road surveys (0.266) than from ITC estimates (0.146). Spatial analysis of deer observations also revealed the sample area coverage to be incongruent between the 2 methods; approximately 79% of all deer observations were on urban roads comprising 63% of the survey route. Lower road-survey estimates are attributed to 1) urban deer behavior resulting in a high proportion of marked deer observations, and 2) inadequate sample area coverage. We suggest that ITC estimates may provide an alternative to road surveys for estimating white-tailed deer densities, and may alleviate sample bias generated by convenience sampling, particularly on small, outer islands where habitat and/or lack of infrastructure (i.e., roads) precludes the use of other methods.
C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Big Pine Key, FL 33043 USA.
RP Roberts, CW (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
EM roel@tamu.edu
NR 46
TC 24
Z9 30
U1 6
U2 49
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0022-541X
EI 1937-2817
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PY 2006
VL 70
IS 1
BP 263
EP 267
DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[263:COCARS]2.0.CO;2
PG 5
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 038KH
UT WOS:000237217900030
ER
PT J
AU Thomas, DL
Taylor, EJ
AF Thomas, DL
Taylor, EJ
TI Study designs and tests for comparing resource use and availability II
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Review
DE availability; food selection; habitat selection; preference; resource
selection; use; weighted distributions
ID HABITAT USE; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SITE SELECTION; HOME-RANGE; DAY-ROOSTS;
SPACE USE; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE; STATISTICAL
TECHNIQUES; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS
AB We review 87 articles published in the Journal of Wildlife Management from 2000 to 2004 to assess the current state of practice in the design and analysis of resource selection studies. Articles were classified into 4 study designs. In design 1, data are collected at the population level because individual animals are not identified. Individual animal selection may be assessed in designs 2 and 3. In design 2, use by each animal is recorded, but availability (or nonuse) is measured only at the population level. Use and availability (or unused) are measured for each animal in design 3. In design 4, resource use is measured multiple times for each animal, and availability (or nonuse) is measured for each use location. Thus, use and availability measures are paired for each use in design 4. The 4 study designs were used about equally in the articles reviewed. The most commonly used statistical analyses were logistic regression (40%) and compositional analysis (25%). We illustrate 4 problem areas in resource selection analyses: pooling of relocation data across animals with differing numbers of relocations, analyzing paired data as though they were independent, tests that do not control experiment wise error rates, and modeling observations as if they were independent when temporal or spatial correlations occurs in the data. Statistical models that allow for variation in individual animal selection rather than pooling are recommended to improve error estimation in population-level selection. Some researchers did not select appropriate statistical analyses for paired data, or their analyses were not well described. Researchers using one-resource-at-a-time procedures often did not control the experiment wise error rate, so simultaneous inference procedures and multivariate assessments of selection are suggested. The time interval between animal relocations was often relatively short but existing analyses for temporally or spatially correlated data were not used. For studies that used logistic regression, we identified the data type employed: single sample, case control (used-unused), use-availability, or paired use-availability. It was not always clear whether studies intended to compare use to nonuse or use to availability. Despite the popularity of compositional analysis, we do not recommend it for multiple relocation data when use of one or more resources is low. We illustrate that resource selection models are part of a broader collection of statistical models called weighted distributions and recommend some promising areas for future development.
C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Math Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
Natl Wildlife Refuge Syst Alaska, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
RP Thomas, DL (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Math Sci, POB 756660, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
EM ffdlt@uaf.edu
NR 125
TC 139
Z9 154
U1 13
U2 108
PU WILDLIFE SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PY 2006
VL 70
IS 2
BP 324
EP 336
DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[324:SDATFC]2.0.CO;2
PG 13
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 045AD
UT WOS:000237714100002
ER
PT J
AU Sawyer, H
Nielson, RM
Lindzey, F
McDonald, LL
AF Sawyer, H
Nielson, RM
Lindzey, F
McDonald, LL
TI Winter habitat selection of mule deer before and during development of a
natural gas field
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE generalized linear model (GLM); Global Positioning System (GPS); habitat
selection; mule deer; natural gas development; negative binomial;
Odocoileus hennionus; resource selection probability function (RSPF);
Wyoming
ID RESOURCE SELECTION; NORTHWEST COLORADO; ELK; MIGRATION; RESPONSES; ROADS
AB Increased levels of natural gas exploration, development, and production across the Intermountain West have created a variety of concerns for mule deer (Oclocoileus hemionus) populations, including direct habitat loss to road and well-pad construction and indirect habitat losses that may occur if deer use declines near roads or well pads. We examined winter habitat selection patterns of adult female mule deer before and during the first 3 years of development in a natural gas field in western Wyoming. We used global positioning system (GPS) locations collected from a sample of adult female mule deer to model relative frequency or probability of use as a function of habitat variables. Model coefficients and predictive maps suggested mule deer were less likely to occupy areas in close proximity to well pads than those farther away. Changes in habitat selection appeared to be immediate (i.e., year 1 of development), and no evidence of well-pad acclimation occurred through the course of the study; rather, mule deer selected areas farther from well pads as development progressed. Lower predicted probabilities of use within 2.7 to 3.7 km of well pads suggested indirect habitat losses may be substantially larger than direct habitat losses. Additionally, some areas classified as high probability of use by mule deer before gas field development changed to areas of low use following development, and others originally classified as low probability of use were used more frequently as the field developed. If areas with high probability of use before development were those preferred by the deer, observed shifts in their distribution as development progressed were toward less-preferred and presumably less-suitable habitats.
C1 Western Ecosyst Technol Inc, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA.
Western Ecosyst Technol Inc, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA.
USGS, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
RP Sawyer, H (reprint author), Western Ecosyst Technol Inc, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA.
EM hsawyer@west-inc.com
NR 38
TC 130
Z9 134
U1 13
U2 99
PU WILDLIFE SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PY 2006
VL 70
IS 2
BP 396
EP 403
DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[396:WHSOMD]2.0.CO;2
PG 8
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 045AD
UT WOS:000237714100009
ER
PT J
AU Thomas, DL
Johnson, D
Griffith, B
AF Thomas, DL
Johnson, D
Griffith, B
TI A Bayesian random effects discrete-choice model for resource selection:
Population-level selection inference
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Bayesian; caribou; discrete-choice; habitat; random effects; resource
selection
ID HABITAT SELECTION; HOME-RANGE; VEGETATION; FIT
AB Modeling the probability of use of land units characterized by discrete and continuous measures, we present a Bayesian random-effects model to assess resource selection. This model provides simultaneous estimation of both individual- and population-level selection. Deviance information criterion (DIC), a Bayesian alternative to AIC that is sample-size specific, is used for model selection. Aerial radiolocation data from 76 adult female caribou (Rangifer tarandus) and calf pairs during 1 year on an Arctic coastal plain calving ground were used to illustrate models and assess population-level selection of landscape attributes, as well as individual heterogeneity of selection. Landscape attributes included elevation, NDVI (a measure of forage greenness), and land cover-type classification. Results from the first of a 2-stage model-selection procedure indicated that there is substantial heterogeneity among cow-calf pairs with respect to selection of the landscape attributes. In the second stage, selection of models with heterogeneity included indicated that at the population-level, NDVI and land cover class were significant attributes for selection of different landscapes by pairs on the calving ground. Population-level selection coefficients indicate that the pairs generally select landscapes with higher levels of NDVI, but the relationship is quadratic. The highest rate of selection occurs at values of NDVI less than the maximum observed. Results for land cover-class selections coefficients indicate that wet sedge, moist sedge, herbaceous tussock tundra, and shrub tussock tundra are selected at approximately the same rate, while alpine and sparsely vegetated landscapes are selected at a lower rate. Furthermore, the variability in selection by individual caribou for moist sedge and sparsely vegetated landscapes is large relative to the variability in selection of other land cover types. The example analysis illustrates that, while sometimes computationally intense, a Bayesian hierarchical discrete-choice model for resource selection can provide managers with 2 components of population-level inference: average population selection and variability of selection. Both components are necessary to make sound management decisions based on animal selection.
C1 Univ Alaska, Dept Math & Stat, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
Univ Alaska, Dept Math & Stat, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
Univ Alaska, Inst Arct Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
Univ Alaska, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
RP Thomas, DL (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Dept Math & Stat, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
EM ffdlt@uaf.edu
NR 42
TC 41
Z9 42
U1 5
U2 52
PU WILDLIFE SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PY 2006
VL 70
IS 2
BP 404
EP 412
DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[404:ABREDM]2.0.CO;2
PG 9
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 045AD
UT WOS:000237714100010
ER
PT J
AU Gregg, MA
Dunbar, MR
Crawford, JA
Pope, MD
AF Gregg, MA
Dunbar, MR
Crawford, JA
Pope, MD
TI Total plasma protein and renesting by greater sage-grouse
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE age; blood chemistry; Centrocercus urophasianus; dietary protein;
greater sage-grouse; maternal condition; nest initiation date; nest
predation; nutrition; renesting; total plasma protein
ID SOUTH-CENTRAL WASHINGTON; YEARLING BLUE GROUSE; CAPTIVE RED GROUSE;
DIETARY-PROTEIN; SOUTHEASTERN IDAHO; LAGOPUS-LAGOPUS; FOOD SELECTION;
EGG-PRODUCTION; RUFFED GROUSE; GROWING CHICK
AB Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) population declines have been attributed to reduced productivity. Although renesting by sage-grouse may contribute significantly to annual productivity during some years, little information is available on this aspect of sage-grouse reproductive ecology. We investigated the relationship between total plasma protein, age of hen, time of first nest initiation, and time of first nest loss on occurrence of renesting. We captured, assigned age, extracted blood, and radiomarked prelaying, female sage-grouse on 4 study areas during 1999-2004. We monitored radiomarked females from mid-April through June to identify period of nest initiation (early, mid, or late), nest loss (early or late), and renesting activity. We only considered hens that were available to renest (n = 143) for analysis, and we censored those that nested successfully or died during their first nest attempt. Depredation and abandonment accounted for 85% (122/143) and 15% (21/143) of the unsuccessful first nests, respectively. The proportion of hens renesting was 34% (48/143) across all study areas and years. Akaike's Information Criterion model selection indicated that occurrence of renesting varied by age, nest initiation period, nest loss period, and total plasma protein. The best model had low predictive power for any given hen (r(2) = 0.296), but validation of the best model indicated that our predictor variables were important for distinguishing renesting status and likely explained substantial temporal and spatial variation in renesting rates. A greater proportion of adults than yearlings renested, and hens that nested early in the nesting season and lost nests early during incubation were the most likely to renest. Hens that renested had greater total plasma protein levels than non-renesting hens independent of age, nest initiation period, and nest loss period. Because sage-grouse depend on exogenous sources of protein for reproduction, land management practices that promote high-quality, prelaying hen habitat could increase dietary protein intake and sage-grouse renesting rates.
C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lakeview, OR 97630 USA.
Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Gregg, MA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sheldon Hart Mt Natl Wildlife Refuge Complex, Lakeview, OR 97630 USA.
EM mike-gregg@fws.gov
NR 65
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 6
PU WILDLIFE SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PY 2006
VL 70
IS 2
BP 472
EP 478
DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[472:TPPARB]2.0.CO;2
PG 7
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 045AD
UT WOS:000237714100017
ER
PT J
AU Grear, DA
Samuel, MD
Langenberg, JA
Keane, D
AF Grear, DA
Samuel, MD
Langenberg, JA
Keane, D
TI Demographic patterns and harvest vulnerability of chronic wasting
disease infected white-tailed deer in Wisconsin
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE chronic wasting disease (CWD); disease prevalence; epidemiology; harvest
vulnerability; Odocoileus virginianus; prion; transmissible spongiform
encephalopathy (TSE); white-tailed deer; Wisconsin
ID TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES; ROCKY-MOUNTAIN ELK; RANGING
MULE DEER; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS; PRION
TRANSMISSION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DYNAMICS; ORGANIZATION; PREVALENCE
AB Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal disease of white-tailed deer (Oclocoileus virginianus) caused by transmissible protease-resistant prions. Since the discovery of CWD in southern Wisconsin in 2001, more than 20,000 deer have been removed from a > 2,500-km(2) disease eradication zone surrounding the three initial cases. Nearly all deer removed were tested for CWD infection and sex, age, and harvest location were recorded. Our analysis used data from a 310-km(2) core study area where disease prevalence was higher than surrounding areas. We found no difference in harvest rates between CWD infected and noninfected deer. Our results show that the probability of infection increased with age and that adult males were more likely to be infected than adult females. Six fawns tested positive for CWD, five fawns from the core study area, including the youngest (5 months) free-ranging cervid to test positive. The increase in male prevalence with age is nearly twice the increase found in females. We concluded that CWD is not randomly distributed among deer and that differential transmission among sex and age classes is likely driving the observed patterns in disease prevalence. We discuss alternative hypotheses for CWD transmission and spread and, in addition, discuss several possible nonlinear relationships between prevalence and age. Understanding CWD transmission in free-ranging cervid populations will be essential to the development of strategies to manage this disease in areas where CWD is found, as well as for surveillance strategies in areas where CWD threatens to spread.
C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
Wisconsin Vet Diagnost Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
RP Grear, DA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM dagrear@wisc.edu
RI Grear, Daniel/B-3365-2011;
OI Grear, Daniel/0000-0002-5478-1549
NR 47
TC 54
Z9 54
U1 6
U2 22
PU WILDLIFE SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PY 2006
VL 70
IS 2
BP 546
EP 553
DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[546:DPAHVO]2.0.CO;2
PG 8
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 045AD
UT WOS:000237714100026
ER
PT J
AU Oakleaf, JK
Murray, DL
Oakleaf, JR
Bangs, EE
Mack, CM
Smith, DW
Fontaine, JA
Jimenez, MD
Meier, TJ
Niemeyer, CC
AF Oakleaf, John K.
Murray, Dennis L.
Oakleaf, James R.
Bangs, Edward E.
Mack, Curt M.
Smith, Douglas W.
Fontaine, Joseph A.
Jimenez, Michael D.
Meier, Thomas J.
Niemeyer, Carter C.
TI Habitat selection by recolonizing wolves in the Northern Rocky Mountains
of the United States
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Canis lupus; corridors; dispersal; habitat selection; Northern Rocky
Mountains; recovery; wolves
ID GRAY WOLF RESTORATION; CANIS-LUPUS; HOME-RANGE; MINNESOTA; POPULATION;
DISPERSAL; AVAILABILITY; CONSERVATION; PREDICTION; WISCONSIN
AB Gray wolf (Canis lupus) populations have persisted and expanded in northwest Montana since 1986, while reintroduction efforts in Idaho and Yellowstone have further bolstered the regional population. However, rigorous analysis of either the availability of wolf habitat in the entire region, or the specific habitat requirements of local wolves, has yet to be conducted. We examined wolf-habitat relationships in the northern Rocky Mountains of the U.S. by relating landscape/habitat features found within wolf pack home ranges (n = 56) to those found in adjacent non-occupied areas (n = 56). Logistic regression revealed that increased forest cover, lower human population density, higher elk density, and lower sheep density were the primary factors related to wolf occupation. Similar factors promoted wolf pack persistence. Further, our analysis indicated that relatively large tracts of suitable habitat remain unoccupied in the Rocky Mountains, suggesting that wolf populations likely will continue to increase in the region. Analysis of the habitat linkage between the 3 main wolf recovery areas indicates that populations in central Idaho and northwest Montana have higher connectivity than either of the 2 recovery areas to the Greater Yellowstone recovery area. Thus, for the northern Rocky Mountains to function as a metapopulation for wolves, it will be necessary that dispersal corridors to the Yellowstone ecosystem be established and conserved.
C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
Wyoming Geog Informat Sci Ctr, Laramie, WY 82070 USA.
US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Helena, MT 59601 USA.
Nez Perce Tribe, McCall, ID 83638 USA.
Yellowstone Natl Pk, Yellowstone Ctr Resources, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA.
US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Boise, ID 83709 USA.
RP Oakleaf, JK (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
EM john_oakleaf@fws.gov
NR 64
TC 41
Z9 44
U1 7
U2 72
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0022-541X
EI 1937-2817
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PY 2006
VL 70
IS 2
BP 554
EP 563
DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[554:HSBRWI]2.0.CO;2
PG 10
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 045AD
UT WOS:000237714100027
ER
PT J
AU Lueders, AS
Kennedy, PL
Johnson, DH
AF Lueders, Andrea S.
Kennedy, Patricia L.
Johnson, Douglas H.
TI Influences of management regimes on breeding bird densities and habitat
in mixed-grass prairie: An example from North Dakota
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE bird populations; bison; breeding birds; cattle; distance sampling;
grassland birds; Great Plains; large herbivores; mixed-grass prairie
ID VEGETATION; ABUNDANCE; FIRE
C1 Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Discipline, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr,Dept Fisheries Wildli, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
RP Lueders, AS (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Union, OR 97883 USA.
EM andrea.lueders@oregonstate.edu
RI Kennedy, Patricia/I-4902-2015
OI Kennedy, Patricia/0000-0002-2090-1821
NR 29
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 2
U2 17
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0022-541X
EI 1937-2817
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PY 2006
VL 70
IS 2
BP 600
EP 606
DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[600:IOMROB]2.0.CO;2
PG 7
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 045AD
UT WOS:000237714100034
ER
PT S
AU Rosen, MR
Rowe, TG
Goodbred, SL
Shipley, DO
Arufe, JA
AF Rosen, Michael R.
Rowe, Timothy G.
Goodbred, Steven L.
Shipley, Douglas O.
Arufe, Jorge A.
BE Hughes, RM
Wang, L
Seelbach, PW
TI Importance of land use, streamflow, and water quality on stream toxicity
in the Lake Tahoe and Truckee River watersheds
SO LANDSCAPE INFLUENCES ON STREAM HABITATS AND BIOLOGICAL ASSEMBLAGES
SE American Fisheries Society Symposium
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on Influences of Landscape on Stream Habitat and Biological
Communities
CY AUG 25-26, 2004
CL Madison, WI
ID SEMIPERMEABLE-MEMBRANE DEVICES; SEDIMENT; SPMDS; CONTAMINANTS; RESIDUES;
PCDDS; PCDFS; PCBS; FISH
AB Rapid urbanization in the southwest United States has increased concern about water quality of streams and its impact on aquatic biota. One way to estimate potential toxicity impacts is to deploy passive samplers that accumulate many organic contaminants associated with anthropogenic landscapes. Semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) use a lipid to mimic bioaccumulation of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs), including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides, and industrial compounds. We investigated effects of land use and strearnflow on the presence of HOCs and potential toxicity in the Truckee River and Lake Tahoe watersheds of Nevada and California. We used SPMDs during August/ September 2002 and 2003 base flows and during March 2003 high flows. We employed two complementary toxicity tests to assess potential toxicity to aquatic organisms. The fluoroscan (pyrene index) is designed to assess PAH concentrations. The CYP1A test measures the toxicity of aryl hydrocarbon receptor type compounds, which include PAHs, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and dioxins. A relatively strong correlation (r = 0.79) between the pyrene index and CYPIA in our data indicated that PAHs were the dominant group of organic contaminants sequestered by our SPMDs. Due to its low-density urbanization, SPMD extracts from the Lake Tahoe watershed generally had less toxicity than those deployed in the Truckee River watershed. Samples from the Truckee River and its tributaries near Reno/Sparks had the highest toxicity, owing to dense residential development and light industry. Higher percentages of urban and agricultural land use correlated with increased toxicity of SPMD extracts, although urban land use had a much greater influence. Strearnflow was a less important factor than land use, and only flows greater than 5 ml/s correlated with toxicity. Toxicity decreased with higher flows, probably due to dilution. Toxicity of SPMD extracts at all sites during both high and low flows significantly correlated with percent urban land use (R'= 0.32). Generally, toxicity did not correlate with dissolved oxygen, pH, or temperature, but did with specific conductance (R(2) = 0.27) when samples influenced by geothermal water were excluded.
C1 US Geol Survey, Nevada Water Sci Ctr, Carson City, NV 89701 USA.
RP Rosen, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Nevada Water Sci Ctr, 2730 N Deer Run Rd, Carson City, NV 89701 USA.
EM mrosen@usgs.gov
NR 48
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 3
U2 9
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0892-2284
BN 1-888569-76-X
J9 AM FISH S S
JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp.
PY 2006
VL 48
BP 129
EP 149
PG 21
WC Fisheries; Limnology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA BFB89
UT WOS:000240912900007
ER
PT S
AU Gresswell, RE
Torgersen, CE
Bateman, DS
Guy, TJ
Hendricks, SR
Wofford, JEB
AF Gresswell, Robert E.
Torgersen, Christian E.
Bateman, Douglas S.
Guy, Troy J.
Hendricks, Steven R.
Wofford, J. E. B.
BE Hughes, RM
Wang, L
Seelbach, PW
TI A spatially explicit approach for evaluating relationships among coastal
cutthroat trout, habitat, and disturbance in small Oregon streams
SO Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages
SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on Influences of Landscape on Stream Habitat and Biological
Communities
CY AUG 25-26, 2004
CL Madison, WI
ID AQUATIC RESOURCES; HEADWATER STREAMS; PACIFIC SALMON; USA; FISH;
CONSERVATION; RANGE; WASHINGTON; ECOSYSTEMS; MORPHOLOGY
AB Small stream systems are complex networks that form a physicochemical template governing the persistence of aquatic species such as coastal cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii. To gain new insight into these interactions, we initiated an integrated program of landscape-scale sampling that is focused on fine- and broad-scale relationships among upslope landscape characteristics, physical stream habitat, and the spatial patterns of cutthroat trout abundance. Our sample of 40 catchments (500-1,000 ha) represented approximately 15% of the 269 barrier-isolated catchments in western Oregon that support populations of cutthroat trout. Because data were collected in a spatially contiguous manner throughout each catchment, it was possible to collect biological and geographic information necessary to assess the spatial structure of cutthroat trout abundance. Results underscore the influence of the physical habitat template at a variety of spatial scales. For example, cutthroat trout move throughout the accessible portions of small streams. Some cutthroat trout congregate in areas of suitable habitat and form local populations that may exhibit unique genetic attributes. At times, some cutthroat trout move into larger downstream portions of the network where they may contribute to the genetic character of anadromous or local potamodromous assemblages. Results underscore the advantages of viewing habitats that are critical to the fitness and persistence of cutthroat trout populations as matrices of physical sites that are linked by movement. It is apparent that human activities that impede movement among suitable habitat patches can have unanticipated consequences for metapopulations of cutthroat trout and may ultimately affect their persistence.
C1 USGS, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
RP Gresswell, RE (reprint author), USGS, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 229 AJM Johnson Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
NR 53
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0892-2284
BN 1-888569-76-X
J9 AM FISH S S
PY 2006
VL 48
BP 457
EP 471
PG 15
WC Fisheries; Limnology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA BFB89
UT WOS:000240912900022
ER
PT S
AU Torgersen, CE
Baxter, CV
Li, HRW
McIntosh, BA
AF Torgersen, Christian E.
Baxter, Colden V.
Li, Hiram W.
McIntosh, Bruce A.
BE Hughes, RM
Wang, L
Seelbach, PW
TI Landscape influences on longitudinal patterns of river fishes: Spatially
continuous analysis of fish-habitat relationships
SO Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages
SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on Influences of Landscape on Stream Habitat and Biological
Communities
CY AUG 25-26, 2004
CL Madison, WI
ID GREAT-PLAINS STREAM; CHINOOK SALMON; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; WATER
TEMPERATURE; MOUNTAIN STREAM; WESTERN OREGON; BROWN TROUT; ASSEMBLAGES;
ABUNDANCE; SCALE
AB Longitudinal analysis of the distribution and abundance of river fishes provides a context-specific characterization of species responses to riverscape heterogeneity. We examined spatially continuous longitudinal profiles (35-70 km) of fish distribution and aquatic habitat (channel gradient, depth, temperature, and water velocity) for three northeastern Oregon rivers. We evaluated spatial patterns of river fishes and habitat using multivariate analysis to compare gradients in fish assemblage structure among rivers and at multiple spatial scales. Spatial structuring of fish assemblages exhibited a generalized pattern of cold- and coolwater fish assemblage zones but was variable within thermal zones, particularly in the warmest river. Landscape context (geographic setting and thermal condition) influenced the observed relationship between species distribution and channel gradient. To evaluate the effect of spatial extent and geographical context on observed assemblage patterns and fish-habitat relationships, we performed multiple ordinations on subsets of our data from varying lengths of each river and compared gradients in assemblage structure within and among rivers. The relative associations of water temperature increased and channel morphology decreased as the spatial scale of analysis increased. The crossover point where both variables explained equal amounts of variation was useful for identifying transitions between coal- and coldwater fish assemblages. Spatially continuous analysis of river fishes and their habitats revealed unexpected ecological patterns and provided a unique perspective on fish distribution that emphasized the importance of habitat heterogeneity and spatial variability in fish-habitat relationships.
C1 Univ Washington, USGS, FRESC Cascadia Field Stn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Torgersen, CE (reprint author), Univ Washington, USGS, FRESC Cascadia Field Stn, 344 Bloedel Hall, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
NR 72
TC 37
Z9 43
U1 0
U2 18
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0892-2284
BN 1-888569-76-X
J9 AM FISH S S
PY 2006
VL 48
BP 473
EP 492
PG 20
WC Fisheries; Limnology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA BFB89
UT WOS:000240912900023
ER
PT S
AU McKenna, JE
McDonald, RP
Castiglione, C
Morrison, SS
Kowalski, KP
Passino-Reader, DR
AF McKenna, James E., Jr.
McDonald, Richard P.
Castiglione, Chris
Morrison, Sandy S.
Kowalski, Kurt P.
Passino-Reader, Dora R.
BE Hughes, RM
Wang, L
Seelbach, PW
TI A broadscale fish-habitat model development process: Genesee basin, New
York
SO Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages
SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on Influences of Landscape on Stream Habitat and Biological
Communities
CY AUG 25-26, 2004
CL Madison, WI
ID NEURAL-NETWORKS; GAP ANALYSIS; LAKE-ONTARIO; STREAM FISH; DIVERSITY;
ECOLOGY; BOX
AB We describe a methodology for developing species-habitat models using available fish and stream habitat data from New York State, focusing on the Genesee basin. Electrofishing data from the New York Department of Environmental Conservation were standardized and used for model development and testing. Four types of predictive models (multiple linear regression, stepwise multiple linear regression, linear discriminant analysis, and neural network) were developed and compared for 11 fish species. Predictive models used as many as 25 habitat variables and explained 35-91% of observed species abundance variability. Omission rates were generally low, but commission rates varied widely. Neural network models performed best for all species, except for rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum, and brown trout Salmo trutta. Linear discriminant functions generally performed poorly. The species-environment models we constructed performed well and have potential applications to management issues.
C1 US Geol Survey, Cortland, NY 13045 USA.
RP McKenna, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA.
OI Kowalski, Kurt/0000-0002-8424-4701
NR 46
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0892-2284
BN 1-888569-76-X
J9 AM FISH S S
PY 2006
VL 48
BP 533
EP 554
PG 22
WC Fisheries; Limnology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA BFB89
UT WOS:000240912900026
ER
PT S
AU Iverson, RM
AF Iverson, R. M.
BE Evans, SG
Mugnozza, GS
Strom, A
Hermanns, RL
TI Forecasting runout of rock and debris avalanches
SO Landslides from Massive Rock Slope Failure
SE NATO Science Series IV Earth and Environmental Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Massive Rock Slope Failure - New
Models for Hazard Assessment
CY JUN 16-21, 2002
CL Celano, ITALY
SP NATO, GeoForsch Zentrum, Univ Rome, Italian Sci Inst & Local Adm
ID FLUIDIZED GRANULAR MASSES; MOUNT-RAINIER; FLOW SLIDES; DYNAMICS; MODEL
AB Physically based mathematical models and statistically based empirical equations each may provide useful means of forecasting runout of rock and debris avalanches. This paper compares the foundations, strengths, and limitations of a physically based model and a statistically based forecasting method, both of which were developed to predict runout across three-dimensional topography. The chief advantage of the physically based model results from its ties to physical conservation laws and well-tested axioms of soil and rock mechanics, such as the Coulomb friction rule and effective-stress principle. The output of this model provides detailed information about the dynamics of avalanche runout, at the expense of high demands for accurate input data, numerical computation, and experimental testing. In comparison, the statistical method requires relatively modest computation and no input data except identification of prospective avalanche source areas and a range of postulated avalanche volumes. Like the physically based mode 1, the statistical method yields maps of predicted runout, but it provides no information on runout dynamics. Although the two methods differ significantly in their structure and objectives, insights gained from one method can aid refinement of the other.
C1 US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
RP Iverson, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1300 SE Cardinal Ct 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
NR 22
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 2
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1568-1238
BN 1-4020-4035-0
J9 NATO SCI S SS IV EAR
JI NATO Sci. Series IV Earth Environ. Sciences
PY 2006
VL 49
BP 197
EP 209
PG 13
WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Geology
GA BEZ26
UT WOS:000240248900011
ER
PT S
AU Reid, ME
Brien, DL
AF Reid, M. E.
Brien, D. L.
BE Evans, SG
Mugnozza, GS
Strom, A
Hermanns, RL
TI Assessing massive flank collapse at stratovolcanoes using 3-D slope
stability analysis
SO LANDSLIDES FROM MASSIVE ROCK SLOPE FAILURE
SE NATO Science Series IV-Earth and Environmental Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Massive Rock Slope Failure - New
Models for Hazard Assessment
CY JUN 16-21, 2002
CL Celano, ITALY
SP NATO, GeoForsch Zentrum, Univ Rome, Italian Sci Inst & Local Adm
ID MOUNT-RAINIER; CASITA-VOLCANO; WASHINGTON; NICARAGUA; MODEL;
DEFORMATION; DIMENSIONS; AVALANCHE; MUDFLOW
AB Massive rock failures pose one of the greatest hazards at stratovolcanoes; more than 20,000 fatalities have resulted worldwide from historical volcano edifice collapses. Although numerous processes can destabilize an edifice, gravitational instability is strongly influenced by the interplay of topography, variable potential failure surfaces, and the three-dimensional (3-D) distributions of rock strength and pore-fluid pressure. We have developed a 3-D slope stability analysis that can search digital topography and determine the locations of minimum stability and the volumes of potential failures. We use this 3-D method to conduct preliminary stability analyses of three stratovolcanoes that have had large rock failures: Mount St. Helens and Mount Rainier in the USA and Volcan Casita in Nicaragua. For the relatively uniform Mount St. Helens edifice, a 3-D analysis using topography alone provides a good predictor of the location and volume of the catastrophic 1980 collapse. At Mount Rainier, both topography and a 3-D distribution of weaker, hydrothermally altered rocks are needed to adequately characterize future hazard. For Casita, the location of the smaller, yet devastating, 1998 failure is predicted using topography and a reconnaissance interpretation of strength based on the distribution of fumarolic activity.
C1 [Reid, M. E.; Brien, D. L.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Reid, ME (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM mreid@usgs.gov
NR 35
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1568-1238
BN 1-4020-4035-0
J9 NATO SCI S SS IV EAR
JI NATO Sci. Series IV Earth Environ. Sciences
PY 2006
VL 49
BP 445
EP +
PG 3
WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Geology
GA BEZ26
UT WOS:000240248900024
ER
PT S
AU Schuster, RL
AF Schuster, R. L.
BE Evans, SG
Mugnozza, GS
Strom, A
Hermanns, RL
TI Impacts of landslide dams on mountain valley morphology
SO LANDSLIDES FROM MASSIVE ROCK SLOPE FAILURE
SE NATO Science Series IV-Earth and Environmental Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Massive Rock Slope Failure - New
Models for Hazard Assessment
CY JUN 16-21, 2002
CL Celano, ITALY
SP NATO, GeoForsch Zentrum, Univ Rome, Italian Sci Inst & Local Adm
ID KARAKORAM HIMALAYA; NORTHERN PAKISTAN
AB Landslide dams can influence mountain-valley morphology significantly in the vicinity of the dam sites, as well as upstream and downstream. The effects are: (1) impoundment of lakes that results in changes in stream gradients, (2) deposition of lacustrine and deltaic sediments in these impoundments that causes changes in surficial morphology and geologic materials upstream from the dams, (3) diversion of stream channels at and near the dam sites, (4) formation of avulsively-shifting channels downstream from the dams by the introduction of high sediment loads from erosion of landslide deposits or sediments in the landslide-dammed lakes, and (5) secondary landslide activity along the shores of the impounded lakes due to rapid drawdown when the dams fail. Often, by construction of channel spillways or outlet tunnels, human remedial efforts affect the longevity of landslide dams and their impoundments, and thus influence the long-term effects of these natural features on mountain-valley morphology.
C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Schuster, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,Mail Stop 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM rschuster@usgs.gov
NR 70
TC 4
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1568-1238
BN 1-4020-4035-0
J9 NATO SCI S SS IV EAR
JI NATO Sci. Series IV Earth Environ. Sciences
PY 2006
VL 49
BP 591
EP 616
PG 26
WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Geology
GA BEZ26
UT WOS:000240248900031
ER
PT J
AU Alexander, RB
Smith, RA
AF Alexander, Richard B.
Smith, Richard A.
TI Trends in the nutrient enrichment of US rivers during the late 20th
century and their relation to changes in probable stream trophic
conditions
SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID WATER-QUALITY; TEMPERATE STREAMS; CONSTITUENT LOADS; UNITED-STATES;
NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS; CHLOROPHYLL; FLUX
AB We estimated trends in concentrations of total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) and the related change in the probabilities of trophic conditions from 1975 to 1994 at 250 nationally representative riverine monitoring locations in the U.S. with drainage areas larger than about 1,000 km(2). Statistlcally significant (p < 0.05) declines were detected in TP and TN concentrations at 44% and 37% of the monitoring sites, and significant increases were detected at 3% and 9% of the sites, respectively. We used a statistical model to assess changes in the probable trophic-state classification of the sites after adjusting for climate-related variability in nutrient concentrations. The probabilistic assessment accounts for current knowledge of the trophic response of streams to nutrient enrichment, based on a recently proposed definition of "eutrophic," "mesotrophic," and "oligotrophic" conditions in relation to total nutrient concentrations. Based on these trophic definitions, we found that the trophic state improved at 25% of the monitoring sites and worsened at fewer than 5% of the sites; about 70% of the sites were unchanged. Improvements in trophic-state related to declines in TP were more common in predominantly forested and shrub-grassland watersheds, whereas the trophic state of predominantly agricultural sites was unchanged. Despite the declines in TP concentrations at many sites, about 50% of all monitoring sites, and more than 60% of the sites in predominantly agricultural and urban watersheds, were classified as eutrophic in 1994 based on TP concentrations. Contemporaneous reductions in major nutrient sources to streams, related to wastewater treatment upgrades, phosphate detergent bans, and declines in some agricultural sources, may have contributed to the declines in riverine nutrient concentrations and associated improvements in trophic conditions.
C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 413, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Alexander, RB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 413, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
NR 37
TC 44
Z9 53
U1 7
U2 28
PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY
PI WACO
PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA
SN 0024-3590
J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR
JI Limnol. Oceanogr.
PD JAN
PY 2006
VL 51
IS 1
BP 639
EP 654
PN 2
PG 16
WC Limnology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 095GR
UT WOS:000241296700024
ER
PT J
AU Welch, AH
Stollenwerk, KG
Breit, GN
Foster, AL
Yount, JC
Whitney, JW
Uddin, MN
Alam, MM
Islam, MS
AF Welch, Alan H.
Stollenwerk, Kenneth G.
Breit, George N.
Foster, Andrea L.
Yount, James C.
Whitney, John W.
Uddin, M. Nehal
Alam, Md Mahmud
Islam, Md Samsul
BE Naidu, R
Smith, E
Owens, G
Bhattacharya, P
Nadebaum, P
TI Attenuation of arsenic in Bangladesh sediments Implications for
groundwater development
SO MANAGING ARSENIC IN THE ENVIRONMENT: FROM SOIL TO HUMAN HEALTH
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID NATURAL-WATERS; OXIDATION; CARBONATE; IRON; BIRNESSITE; SURFACES;
AS(III)
C1 [Welch, Alan H.] US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV USA.
[Stollenwerk, Kenneth G.; Yount, James C.; Whitney, John W.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
[Breit, George N.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Foster, Andrea L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Uddin, M. Nehal; Alam, Md Mahmud; Islam, Md Samsul] Geol Survey Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
RP Welch, AH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV USA.
NR 38
TC 2
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU CSIRO PUBLISHING
PI COLLINGWOOD
PA 150 OXFORD STREET, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VIC 3066, AUSTRALIA
BN 978-0-643-09351-5
PY 2006
BP 363
EP 377
PG 15
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA BVM06
UT WOS:000291852600021
ER
PT J
AU Kanouse, S
La Peyre, MK
Nyman, JA
AF Kanouse, Sarai
La Peyre, Megan K.
Nyman, J. Andrew
TI Nekton use of Ruppia maritima and non-vegetated bottom habitat types
within brackish marsh ponds
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE brackish marsh; nekton habitat; Ruppia maritima L.; Louisiana submerged
aquatic vegetation; SAV; SAV biomass; habitat location
ID SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION; DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS; FISH ASSEMBLAGES;
CHESAPEAKE BAY; SEAGRASS BEDS; LOUISIANA; ESTUARY; WATER; EELGRASS; EDGE
AB Nekton (fishes and decapod crustaceans) use of brackish submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) habitat has been largely overlooked in comparison to fresh and marine SAV habitats. This study was designed to examine nekton use of brackish marsh SAV habitat and non-vegetated bottom. Specifically, we examined the effects of habitat location (defined by SAV distance from marsh edge) and complexity (defined by SAV biomass) on nekton community density, biomass, and diversity in shallow water brackish marsh ponds, which contained monospecific beds of Ruppia maritima L. Three habitat types were investigated: (1) inner-pond SAV (SAV habitat > 1 m from marsh edge), (2) near marsh-edge SAV (SAV habitat < 1 m from marsh edge), and (3) non-vegetated bottom. We tested the null hypotheses that nekton density, biomass, and diversity were unrelated to habitat type or habitat characteristics. Ninety-six quantitative samples were taken with a 1 m 2 throw trap between September 2001 and July 2002. Using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), a significant habitat type by season interaction was found (Wilks' lambda = 0.32, F-24,F-259 = 4.21, p < 0.0001) for nekton density, biomass, and diversity. Simple linear regression showed a positive relationship between SAV and nekton biomass (p < 0.0001); however, distance of the vegetated habitat from the marsh edge did not significantly influence SAV or nekton biomass. SAV biomass, but not location, appears to be a dominant factor that influences nekton use within these small brackish marsh ponds. This study highlights some of the intricacies associated with the identification and use of broad scale habitat classification for management purposes. Although brackish marsh SAV habitat types support higher densities of nekton compared to non-vegetated habitat, variation within this gross classification indicates a wide range of habitat 'value' that needs to be considered for management purposes.
C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources,US Geol Survey, Louisiana Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
RP La Peyre, MK (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources,US Geol Survey, Louisiana Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
EM mlapey@lsu.edu
RI Nyman, John/D-3903-2009
NR 34
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 6
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PY 2006
VL 327
BP 61
EP 69
DI 10.3354/meps327061
PG 9
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
GA 151VO
UT WOS:000245319100006
ER
PT J
AU Stevens, PW
Montague, CL
Sulak, KJ
AF Stevens, Philip W.
Montague, Clay L.
Sulak, Kenneth J.
TI Fate of fish production in a seasonally flooded saltmarsh
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE saltmarsh impoundment; outwelling hypothesis; trophic relay; wading
birds
ID ORGANIC-CARBON FLUXES; INDIAN RIVER LAGOON; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA;
FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; CHESAPEAKE-BAY; STRIPED BASS;
ECOSYSTEM; GROWTH; FOOD
AB Although saltmarshes are thought to enhance the productivity of open estuarine waters, the mechanism by which energy transfer occurs has been debated for decades. One possible mechanism is the transfer of saltmarsh production to estuarine waters by vagile fishes and invertebrates. Monthly estimates of fish standing stock, net fish ingress, and predation were used to develop a biomass budget to estimate annual production of fishes and the relative yield to predatory fish, birds, and direct migration to the estuary. Annual production of saltmarsh fishes was estimated to be 31.0 g m(-2) saltmarsh, which falls within the range of previously reported values for estuarine fish communities. The relative yields were 12 to 20% to piscivorous fishes, 8 to 13% to piscivorous birds, and 18 to 29% to export. Annual export of fish biomass was 5.6 g fish m(-2) saltmarsh, representing about 1 to 2% of saltmarsh primary production. Saltmarsh fishes convert marsh production to high-quality vagile biomass (fishes concentrate energy, protein, and nutrients as body mass) and move this readily useable production to the estuary, providing an efficient link between saltmarshes and estuarine predators.
C1 Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
US Geol Survey, Ctr Aquat Resource Studies, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA.
RP Stevens, PW (reprint author), Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, 1481 Mkt Circle, Port Charlotte, FL 33953 USA.
EM philip.stevens@myfwc.com
NR 63
TC 20
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 7
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PY 2006
VL 327
BP 267
EP 277
DI 10.3354/meps327267
PG 11
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
GA 151VO
UT WOS:000245319100023
ER
PT J
AU Jodice, PGR
Roby, DD
Turco, KR
Suryan, RM
Irons, DB
Piatt, JF
Shultz, MT
Roseneau, DG
Kettle, AB
Anthony, JA
AF Jodice, Patrick G. R.
Roby, Daniel D.
Turco, Kathy R.
Suryan, Robert M.
Irons, David B.
Piatt, John F.
Shultz, Michael T.
Roseneau, David G.
Kettle, Arthur B.
Anthony, Jill A.
TI Assessing the nutritional stress hypothesis: relative influence of diet
quantity and quality on seabird productivity
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE nutritional stress hypothesis; junk-food hypothesis; black-legged
kittiwake; diet provisioning rate; productivity; Alaska
ID BLACK-LEGGED KITTIWAKES; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; PACIFIC SAND LANCE;
STELLER SEA LIONS; RISSA-TRIDACTYLA; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; REPRODUCTIVE
SUCCESS; BREEDING FAILURE; FOOD ABUNDANCE; FORAGE FISHES
AB Food availability comprises a complex interaction of factors that integrates abundance, taxonomic composition, accessibility, and quality of the prey base. The relationship between food availability and reproductive performance can be assessed via the nutritional stress (NSH) and junkfood (JFH) hypotheses. With respect to reproductive success, NSH posits that a deficiency in any of the aforementioned metrics can have a deleterious effect on a population via poor reproductive success. JFH, a component of NSH, posits specifically that it is a decline in the quality of food (i.e. energy density and lipid content) that leads to poor reproductive success. We assessed each in relation to reproductive success in a piscivorous seabird, the black-legged kittiwake Rissa tridactyla. We measured productivity, taxonomic composition, frequency, size, and quality of meals delivered to nestlings from 1996 to 1999 at 6 colonies in Alaska, USA, 3 each in Prince William Sound and Lower Cook Inlet. Productivity varied widely among colony-years. Pacific herring Clupea pallasi, sand lance Ammodytes hexapterus, and capelin Mallotus villosus comprised ca. 80 % of the diet among colonyyears, and each was characterized by relatively high energy density. Diet quality for kittiwakes in this region therefore remained uniformly high during this study. Meal delivery rate and meal size were quite variable among colony-years, however, and best explained the variability in productivity. Parent kittiwakes appeared to select prey that were energy dense and that maximized the biomass provisioned to broods. While these results fail to support JFH, they do provide substantial support for NSH.
C1 Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alaska Maritime Natl Wildlife Refuge, Homer, AK 99603 USA.
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
RP Jodice, PGR (reprint author), Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA.
EM pjodice@clemson.edu
NR 46
TC 24
Z9 25
U1 3
U2 20
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PY 2006
VL 325
BP 267
EP 279
DI 10.3354/meps325267
PG 13
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
GA 116LZ
UT WOS:000242805700023
ER
PT J
AU Kuffner, IB
Walters, LJ
Becerro, MA
Paul, VJ
Ritson-Williams, R
Beach, KS
AF Kuffner, Ilsa B.
Walters, Linda J.
Becerro, Mikel A.
Paul, Valerie J.
Ritson-Williams, Raphael
Beach, Kevin S.
TI Inhibition of coral recruitment by macroalgae and cyanobacteria
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE allelopathy; coral-algae interactions; Dictyota spp.; Lyngbya spp.;
phase shift
ID BENTHIC CYANOBACTERIA; SCLERACTINIAN CORAL; POCILLOPORA-DAMICORNIS;
LARVAL METAMORPHOSIS; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; JUVENILE CORALS;
CLIMATE-CHANGE; ALGAL BIOMASS; DICTYOTA SPP.; PHASE-SHIFTS
AB Coral recruitment, is a key process in the maintenance and recovery of coral reef ecosystems. While intense competition between coral and algae is often assumed on reefs that have undergone phase shifts from coral to algal dominance, data examining the competitive interactions involved, particularly during the larval and immediate post-settlement stage, are scarce. Using a series of field and outdoor seawater table experiments, we tested the hypothesis that common species of macroalgae and cyanobacteria inhibit coral recruitment. We examined the effects of Lyngbya spp., Dictyota spp., Lobophora variegata (J. V. Lamouroux) Womersley, and Chondrophycus poiteaui (J. V. Lamouroux) Nam (formerly Laurencia poiteaui) on the recruitment success of Porites astreoides larvae. All species but C. poiteaui caused either recruitment inhibition or avoidance behavior in P. astreoides larvae, while L. confervoides and D. menstrualis significantly increased mortality rates of P. astreoides recruits. We also tested the effect of some of these macrophytes on larvae of the gorgonian octocoral Briareum asbestinum. Exposure to Lyngbya majuscula reduced survival and recruitment in the octocoral larvae. Our results provide evidence that algae and cyanobacteria use tactics beyond space occupation to inhibit coral recruitment. On reefs experiencing phase shifts or temporary algal blooms, the restocking of adult coral populations may be slowed due to recruitment inhibition, thereby perpetuating reduced coral cover and limiting coral community recovery.
C1 US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA.
Smithsonian Marine Stn Ft Pierce, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA.
Univ Tampa, Dept Biol, Tampa, FL 33606 USA.
RP Kuffner, IB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
EM ikuffner@usgs.gov
RI Becerro, Mikel/A-5325-2008; Kuffner, Ilsa/A-6416-2008;
OI Kuffner, Ilsa/0000-0001-8804-7847; Becerro, Mikel/0000-0002-6047-350X
NR 55
TC 146
Z9 154
U1 11
U2 85
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PY 2006
VL 323
BP 107
EP 117
DI 10.3354/meps323107
PG 11
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
GA 103XY
UT WOS:000241921700010
ER
PT J
AU Travis, SE
Sheridan, P
AF Travis, Steven E.
Sheridan, Pete
TI Genetic structure of natural and restored shoalgrass Halodule wrightii
populations in the NW Gulf of Mexico
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE seagrass; Halodule wrightii; genetic structure; clonal reproduction;
genetic diversity; amplified length polymorphism; Gulf of Mexico
ID SEAGRASS POSIDONIA-OCEANICA; AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; ZOSTERA-MARINA
L; GALVESTON BAY; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; F-STATISTICS; DIVERSITY;
EELGRASS; RESTORATION; TEXAS
AB The decline of seagrass communities worldwide has sparked an urgent need for effective restoration strategies, which require a working knowledge of population genetic structure. Halodule wrighti is a common seagrass of the Caribbean region that is being restored to areas of the Gulf of Mexico, yet little is known of its population genetics. This study provides an assessment of individual, clonal and population effects on the genetic structure of 4 natural H. wrightii populations occupying 170 km. of coastline in and around Galveston Bay, Texas, for comparison with 7 restored populations ranging in age from 2 to 7 yr. By using molecular markers, in the form of amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), we found considerable variation in clonal richness at the population scale (from 0.54 to 0.82), with the restored populations occupying an intermediate to high position within this range. Replicate sampling within individual seagrass beds of 3 to 5 m diameter generally revealed higher levels of clonal richness, elevated by 4 to 22 % over that at the population scale, suggesting that seed recruitment is more important at the local scale than at distances of > 10 m. Genetic diversity was 2 to 3 times less than that expected for a widespread, outcrossing species like H. wrightii, although a 170 % increase in the frequency of variable markers relative to the mean for all other populations was noted for a volunteer population that had recruited from a mixture of donor materials planted at a nearby restoration site. Within the spatial extent of this study, natural populations adhered to a model of isolation-by-distance, whereas donor materials from these same natural populations were undergoing a rapid genetic convergence within a restored site where they had been planted together.
C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, US Dept Commerce, Panama City Beach, FL 32408 USA.
RP Travis, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
EM steven_travis@usgs.gov
NR 60
TC 7
Z9 10
U1 3
U2 18
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
EI 1616-1599
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PY 2006
VL 322
BP 117
EP 127
DI 10.3354/meps322117
PG 11
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
GA 098JD
UT WOS:000241515900010
ER
PT J
AU Grober-Dunsmore, R
Bonito, V
Frazer, TK
AF Grober-Dunsmore, Rikki
Bonito, Victor
Frazer, Thomas K.
TI Potential inhibitors to recovery of Acropora palmata populations in St.
John, US Virgin Islands
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE coral reefs; elkhorn coral; corallivorous snails; resheeting;
recruitment
ID CARIBBEAN CORAL-REEFS; DIADEMA-ANTILLARUM; CORALLIOPHILA-ABBREVIATA;
HERMODICE-CARUNCULATA; MASS MORTALITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ELKHORN CORAL;
WHITE POX; DYNAMICS; DISEASE
AB Populations of Acropora palmata in the Caribbean were decimated in the 1970s and 1980s, with little apparent signs of recovery until the late 1990s. Here, we document an increase in A. palmata colonies between 2001 and 2003 at 8 of 11 monitoring sites in waters adjacent to the island of St. John, US Virgin Islands. The shallow waters along the NW coast of the island exhibited the greatest increase in colony abundance, perhaps due to greater larval supply and/or conditions that favor settlement and subsequent survivorship. Of concern, however, is the lack of survival of large colonies (at all sites), which are most frequently affected by stressors (e.g. Coralliophila abbreviata, damselfishes, active disease) and are most likely to be remnants (colonies with discontinuous, living coral-tissue over an existing coral framework). Predation by C. abbreviata and active coral disease may directly contribute to the development of these remnant colonies. In addition, we recorded damage to colonies attributed to damselfishes and raise the possibility that these territorial reef-inhabitants act as vectors in the transmission of coral disease. While the incidence of disease around St. John is generally low, it may persist as a ubiquitous, chronic stress. Finally, because stressors are more prevalent on large colonies and in high-density stands, they have the potential to inhibit the recovery of A. palmata populations to their historic condition.
C1 Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Biol Resources Div, US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA.
Univ Florida, Dept Fisheries & Aqua Sci, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA.
RP Grober-Dunsmore, R (reprint author), Natl Marine Protected Areas Ctr, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
EM rikki.dunsmore@noaa.gov
NR 49
TC 18
Z9 20
U1 2
U2 22
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PY 2006
VL 321
BP 123
EP 132
DI 10.3354/meps321123
PG 10
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
GA 095BH
UT WOS:000241282700011
ER
PT J
AU Rainbow, PS
Poirier, L
Smith, BD
Brix, KV
Luoma, SN
AF Rainbow, P. S.
Poirier, L.
Smith, B. D.
Brix, K. V.
Luoma, S. N.
TI Trophic transfer of trace metals from the polychaete worm Nereis
diversicolor to the polychaete N-virens and the decapod crustacean
Palaemonetes varians
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE trace metals; trophic availability; assimilation efficiency;
accumulation pattern; Nereis; Palaemonetes
ID THAIS-CLAVIGERA GASTROPODA; COPEPOD ACARTIA-SPINICAUDA; ESTUARINE
SEDIMENTS; ELEGANS CRUSTACEA; SUBCELLULAR COMPARTMENTALIZATION;
ASSIMILATION EFFICIENCIES; AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES; HEDISTE-DIVERSICOLOR;
ZINC FLUX; CADMIUM
AB Diet is an important exposure route for the uptake of trace metals by aquatic invertebrates, with trace metal trophic transfer depending on 2 stages-assimilation and subsequent accumulation by the predator. This study investigated the trophic transfer of trace metals from the sediment-dwelling polychaete worm Nereis diversicolor from metal-rich estuarine sediments in southwestern UK to 2 predators -another polychaete N. virens (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Fe) and the decapod crustacean Palaemonetes varians (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Fe, Ag, As, Mn). N. virens showed net accumulation of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd from the prey; accumulation increased with increasing prey concentration, but a coefficient of trophic transfer decreased with increasing prey concentration, probably because a higher proportion of accumulated metal in the prey is bound in less trophically available (insoluble) detoxified forms. The trace metal accumulation patterns of P. varians apparently restricted significant net accumulation of metals from the diet of N. diversicolor to just Cd. There was significant mortality of the decapods fed on the diets of metal-rich worms. Metal-rich invertebrates that have accumulated metals from the rich historical store in the sediments of particular SW England estuaries can potentially pass these metals along food chains, with accumulation and total food chain transfer depending on the metal assimilation efficiencies and accumulation patterns of the animal at each trophic level. This trophic transfer may be significant enough to have ecotoxicological effects.
C1 Nat Hist Museum, Dept Zool, London SW7 5BD, England.
Univ Nantes, Lab Ecotoxicol, Grp SMAB, UPRES EA 2160, F-44322 Nantes 3, France.
EcoTox, Jacksonville, FL 32256 USA.
Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Rainbow, PS (reprint author), Nat Hist Museum, Dept Zool, Cromwell Rd, London SW7 5BD, England.
EM p.rainbow@nhm.ac.uk
NR 46
TC 27
Z9 30
U1 0
U2 15
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PY 2006
VL 321
BP 167
EP 181
DI 10.3354/meps321167
PG 15
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
GA 095BH
UT WOS:000241282700015
ER
PT J
AU Edwards, MS
Estes, JA
AF Edwards, Matthew S.
Estes, James A.
TI Catastrophe, recovery and range limitation in NE Pacific kelp forests: a
large-scale perspective
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE biogeography; El Nino; generality; giant kelp; La Nina; scale
ID EL-NINO; MACROCYSTIS-PYRIFERA; GIANT-KELP; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA;
NORTHEAST PACIFIC; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; SPATIAL SCALES; RECRUITMENT;
PATTERNS; ECOLOGY
AB The 1997-98 El Nino was one of the strongest on record and resulted in widespread losses of the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera (Agardh) along the west coast of North America. Drawing on a rich history of studies that have shown abnormally large waves and warm nutrient-poor water associated with El Ninos to negatively impact giant kelp populations at some locations in southern and Baja California, we examined (1) how these impacts scale up when considered across the species' geographic range in the NE Pacific Ocean and (2) if these impacts are generalizable over broad spatial scales. Working at 56 sites in 14 study locations over a 3 yr period (1997 to 2000), we examined how giant kelp populations were impacted by and recovered following the 1997-98 El Niho over a similar to 1500 km span along the west coast of North America. Our results indicate that while nearly all giant kelp disappeared from the southern one-third of the species' range along the coast of Baja California, Mexico, and heavy losses occurred throughout the central one-third of the species' range in southern California, USA, only minor impacts were observed throughout the northern one-third of the species' range in central California. Further, although highly variable among regions, these impacts were similar and generalizable among locations within each region. Our results also suggest that, as has been observed in local-scale studies, this large-scale variability in giant kelp mortality was driven by large-scale patterns in ocean temperature (nutrient concentration) and wave intensity. Recovery following El Niho, in contrast, was variable at multiple spatial scales and although not directly tested here, presumably influenced by numerous factors such as proximity to upwelling areas, competition with other algae, grazing, and propagule availability. Further, variability in the rates of recovery among locations resulted in a generally slow recovery of giant kelp throughout most of Baja California, and residual large-scale impacts of the El Niho were still evident 2 yr after the El Niho ended. As global climate change may lead to increases in the frequency and intensity of El Ninos, our findings have broad implications for the ways in which ecosystems might be expected to respond to them and provide a measure by which their impacts to giant kelp ecosystems may be compared among events.
C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
US Geol Survey, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
RP Edwards, MS (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA.
EM edwards@sciences.sdsu.edu
NR 53
TC 36
Z9 37
U1 4
U2 40
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PY 2006
VL 320
BP 79
EP 87
DI 10.3354/meps320079
PG 9
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
GA 092NC
UT WOS:000241102800007
ER
PT J
AU Loher, T
Seitz, A
AF Loher, Timothy
Seitz, Andy
TI Seasonal migration and environmental conditions of Pacific halibut
Hippoglossus stenolepis, elucidated from pop-up archival transmitting
(PAT) tags
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE Pacific halibut; Hippoglossus stenolepis; Gulf of Alaska; seasonal
migration; behavior; archival tags
ID FLOUNDER PARALICHTHYS-DENTATUS; SOLE SOLEA-SOLEA; WINTER FLOUNDER;
MATING SYSTEM; EYED FLOUNDER; NORTH; SETTLEMENT; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS;
BEHAVIOR
AB Pop-up archival transmitting (PAT) tags were used to study the fall migration of halibut in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA). We tagged 6 Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis on summer feeding grounds in the eastern GOA and another 6 in the western GOA from June 13 to August 6, 2002. The tags were programed to be released from the fish on January 15, 2003, at the height of the winter spawning season: 10 tags successfully detached, transmitted archived environmental data (depth and temperature), and generated accurate latitude-longitude coordinates shortly after pop-up; 2 tags deployed off SE Alaska were lost. The tags revealed that 6 fish had moved a considerable distance (> 200 km) between tagging and pop-up, and all of these had moved northward to some extent. The longest of the observed migrations was from the southern Alaska Peninsula to Yakutat Bay, a linear displacement of 1153 km; 4 fish showed little evidence of geographic displacement, exhibiting migrations that ranged only from 30 to 69 km. Although 2 fish had moved inshore by the end of the tagging period, all other fish had moved offshore regardless of their overall migration distance. The precise timing of offshore movements varied, beginning as early as August and as late as January. These observations generally corroborate conventional tagging, indicating migration of halibut toward winter spawning grounds in the northern GOA, and movement of fish to deep water in fall. However, no single stereotypic migration behavior was apparent, and a variety of vertical movement patterns and temperature profiles were observed. Halibut spent most time in waters of 5 to 7 degrees C, but experienced temperatures ranging from 2.6 to 11.6 degrees C. Depth observations ranged from 0 to 736 m, with summertime activity concentrated in depths from 0 to 400 m, and halibut that exhibited offshore movement were typically observed at 300 to 700 m by mid-winter. Vertical movement (short-period changes in depth) varied among fish and over time, with some fish displaying little vertical activity, others displaying short periods of activity, and still others displaying considerable activity throughout their time at liberty.
C1 Int Pacific Halibut Commiss, Seattle, WA 98145 USA.
US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
RP Loher, T (reprint author), Int Pacific Halibut Commiss, POB 95009, Seattle, WA 98145 USA.
EM tim@iphc.washington.edu
NR 43
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 1
U2 4
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PY 2006
VL 317
BP 259
EP 271
DI 10.3354/meps317259
PG 13
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
GA 075PB
UT WOS:000239896600023
ER
PT J
AU Brock, JC
Yates, KK
Halley, RB
Kuffner, IB
Wright, CW
Hatcher, BG
AF Brock, John C.
Yates, Kimberly K.
Halley, Robert B.
Kuffner, Ilsa B.
Wright, C. Wayne
Hatcher, Bruce G.
TI Northern Florida reef tract benthic metabolism scaled by remote sensing
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Review
DE coral reefs; benthic metabolism; remote sensing; lidar; northern Florida
reef tract
ID BISCAYNE-NATIONAL-PARK; CORAL-REEF; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; CARBON-DIOXIDE;
ZOOXANTHELLATE CORAL; MONTASTREA-ANNULARIS; MARINE ENVIRONMENTS; SOUTH
FLORIDA; PHASE-SHIFTS; COASTAL ZONE
AB Holistic rates of excess organic carbon production (E) and calcification for a 0.5 km(2) segment of the backreef platform of the northern Florida reef tract (NFRT) were estimated by combining biotope mapping using remote sensing with community metabolic rates determined with a benthic incubation system. The use of ASTER multispectral satellite imaging for the spatial scaling of benthic metabolic processes resulted in errors in E and net calcification (G) of 48 and 431% respectively, relative to estimates obtained using AISA hyperspectral airborne scanning. At 19 and 125%, the E and G errors relative to the AISA-based estimates were less pronounced for an analysis that used IKONOS multispectral satellite imagery to spatially extrapolate the chamber process measurements. Our scaling analysis indicates that the holistic calcification rate of the backreef platform of the northern Florida reef tract is negligible at 0.07 g CaCO3 m(-2) d(-1). All of the mapped biotopes in this reef zone are net heterotrophic, resulting in an estimated holistic excess production rate of -0.56 g C m(-2) d(-1), and an overall gross primary production to respiration ratio of 0.85. Based on our finding of ubiquitous heterotrophy, we infer that the backreef platform of the NFRT is a sink for external inputs of suspended particulate organic matter. Further, our results suggest that the inward advection of inorganic nutrients is not a dominant forcing mechanism for benthic biogeochemical function in the NFRT. We suggest that the degradation of the northern Florida reef tract may parallel the community phase shifts documented within other reef systems polluted by organic detritus.
C1 US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA.
Univ Coll Cape Breton, Sydney, NSW B1P 6L2, Australia.
RP Brock, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
EM john_brock@usgs.gov
RI Kuffner, Ilsa/A-6416-2008;
OI Kuffner, Ilsa/0000-0001-8804-7847
NR 111
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 14
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PY 2006
VL 312
BP 123
EP 139
DI 10.3354/meps312123
PG 17
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
GA 047ZX
UT WOS:000237918300010
ER
PT J
AU Muniz-Salazar, R
Talbot, SL
Sage, GK
Ward, DH
Cabello-Pasini, A
AF Muniz-Salazar, R
Talbot, SL
Sage, GK
Ward, DH
Cabello-Pasini, A
TI Genetic structure of eelgrass Zostera marina meadows in an embayment
with restricted water flow
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE small structure; microsatellites; Zostera marina; San Quintin Bay;
bottleneck; barriers
ID SAN-QUINTIN BAY; RECENT POPULATION BOTTLENECKS; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA;
BAJA-CALIFORNIA; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; FINITE POPULATION; NORTH PACIFIC;
F-STATISTICS; WEST ARM; DIFFERENTIATION
AB Genetic structure of the seagrass Zostera marina in a coastal lagoon with restricted water flow, and with heterogeneous water residence times and oceanographic characteristics, was assessed using 8 polymorphic microsatellite loci. Analyses of genetic differentiation (theta) and Bayesian clustering suggested that the Z. marina population in San Quintin Bay (SQB) is genetically substructured, with at least 4 genetically different groups; (1) West Head, (2) Mouth, (3) East Arm, and (4) East Head. The greatest theta value was observed between the most distant sites (theta = 0.095). The lowest values were found among sites closest to the mouth of the coastal lagoon (theta = 0.000 to 0.009). The maximum likelihood approach showed that the sites at the mouth have a mixed pattern of gene flow without a unidirectional pattern. In contrast, there was a clear pattern of asymmetrical gene flow from the mouth towards the West Head. These results suggested that the restriction of water flow at the heads, current pattern, and the distance between sites can reduce genetic flow and promote genetic differences within Z. marina meadows in small water embayments such as SQB. Though the population is genetically substructured and a 14% decline in cover has been detected, this study did not show evidence of a recent genetic bottleneck. In contrast, mouth sites have experienced a recent expansion in their population size, and also perhaps a recent influx of rare alleles from genetically distinct immigrants.
C1 Univ Autonoma Baja California, Inst Invest Oceanol, Ensenada 22800, Baja California, Mexico.
US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
RP Univ Autonoma Baja California, Inst Invest Oceanol, AP 453, Ensenada 22800, Baja California, Mexico.
EM ramusal@uabc.mx
RI Talbot, Sandra/C-9433-2011
NR 70
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 4
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
EI 1616-1599
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PY 2006
VL 309
BP 107
EP 116
DI 10.3354/meps309107
PG 10
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
GA 035RU
UT WOS:000237020200009
ER
PT J
AU Rainbow, PS
Poirier, L
Smith, BD
Brix, KV
Luoma, SN
AF Rainbow, PS
Poirier, L
Smith, BD
Brix, KV
Luoma, SN
TI Trophic transfer of trace metals: subcellular compartmentalization in a
polychaete and assimilation by a decapod crustacean
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE trace metals; trophic availability; assimilation efficiency; Nereis
diversicolor; fractionation; Palaenionetes varians
ID MARINE FOOD-CHAINS; NEREIS-DIVERSICOLOR; 2 BIVALVES;
HEDISTE-DIVERSICOLOR; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; HEAVY-METALS; CADMIUM; CD;
ZN; DETOXIFICATION
AB The chemical form of accumulated trace metal in prey is important in controlling the bioavailability of dietary metal to a predator. This study investigated the trophic transfer of radio-labelled Ag, Cd and Zn from the polychaete worm Nereis diversicolor to the decapod crustacean Palaemonetes varians. We used 2 populations of worms with different proportions of accumulated metals in different subcellular fractions as prey, and loaded the worms with radiolabelled metals either from sediment or from solution. Accumulated radiolabelled metals were fractionated into 5 components: metal-rich granules (MRG), cellular debris, organelles, metallothionein-like proteins (MTLP), and other (heat-sensitive) proteins (HSP), Assimilation efficiencies (AE) of the metals by P. varians were measured from the 4 categories of prey (i.e. 2 populations, radiolabelled from sediment or solution). There were significant differences for each metal between the AEs from the different prey categories, confirming that origin of prey and route of uptake of accumulated trace metal will cause intraspecific differences in subsequent metal assimilation. Correlations were sought between AEs and selected fractions or combinations of fractions of metals in the prey-MRG, Trophically Available Metal (TAM = MTLP + HSP + organelles) and total protein (MTLP + HSP). TAM explained 28% of the variance in AEs for Ag, but no consistent relationships emerged between AEs and TAM or total protein when the metals were considered separately. AEs did, however, show significant positive regressions with both TAM and total protein when the 3 metals were considered together, explaining only about 21% of the variance in each case. A significant negative relationship was observed between MRG and AE for all metals combined. The predator (P. varians) can assimilate dietary metal from a range of the fractions binding metals in the prey (N. diversicolor), with different assimilation efficiencies summated across these fractions. TAM and/or total protein may represent an approximate minimum for trophic availability but neither of these alone is a fully accurate predictor.
C1 Nat Hist Museum, Dept Zool, London SW7 5BD, England.
Univ Nantes, UPRES EA 2160, Grp Substances Marines Activite Biol, Lab Ecotoxicol,SMAB, F-44322 Nantes 3, France.
EcoTox, Key Biscayne, FL 33149 USA.
Univ Miami, RSMAS, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Rainbow, PS (reprint author), Nat Hist Museum, Dept Zool, Cromwell Rd, London SW7 5BD, England.
EM p.rainbow@nhm.ac.uk
NR 23
TC 32
Z9 33
U1 3
U2 13
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PY 2006
VL 308
BP 91
EP 100
DI 10.3354/meps308091
PG 10
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
GA 023QO
UT WOS:000236141500008
ER
PT J
AU Gall, AE
Roby, DD
Irons, DB
Rose, IC
AF Gall, AE
Roby, DD
Irons, DB
Rose, IC
TI Differential response in chick survival to diet in least and crested
auklets
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE auklets; Bering Sea; chick survival; anadyr current; Aethia spp.;
Neocalanus spp.; climate change
ID SOUTHEASTERN BERING SEA; ST-LAWRENCE-ISLAND; NORTH PACIFIC; INTERANNUAL
VARIATION; NEOCALANUS-PLUMCHRUS; COLONY ATTENDANCE; PELAGIC ECOSYSTEM;
BREEDING BIOLOGY; PARAKEET AUKLETS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA
AB Least auklets Aethia pusilla and crested auklets A. cristatella are abundant planktivorous seabirds found throughout the Bering Sea and are inextricably linked to the secondary productivity of this northern marine ecosystem. We assessed the relationship between productivity and diet in least and crested auklets by examining breeding chronology, daily survival rates (DSR) of chicks, and nestling diet composition at 2 mixed colonies on St. Lawrence Island in the northern Bering Sea during the 2000 to 2002 breeding seasons. Nestlings of both least and crested auklets hatched earlier, had higher survival rates, and were fed more of the large, oceanic copepod Neocalanus cristatus in 2002 compared to the 2 yr of lower chick survival. In contrast, during the year of lowest DSR for both auklet species (2001), the small copepod Calanus marshallae was more prevalent in the diet of least auklets and the mid-sized copepod N, flemingeri was more prevalent in the diet of crested auklets compared to the other 2 yr. The prevalence of oceanic copepods in meals fed to chicks explained much of the annual variation in DSR in least auklets. Interannual differences in timing of nest initiation, nest survival, and diet of least and crested auklets may be associated with the strength of the cold, nutrient-rich Anadyr Current, which passes in close proximity to St. Lawrence Island and has important influences on zooplankton productivity and distribution. Auklet productivity and diet composition may serve as key indicators in the overall effort to monitor the impact of climate change on the productivity of the Bering Sea.
C1 ABR Inc, Environm Res & Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99708 USA.
Oregon State Univ, USGS Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
RP Gall, AE (reprint author), ABR Inc, Environm Res & Serv, POB 80410, Fairbanks, AK 99708 USA.
EM agall@abrinc.com
NR 56
TC 10
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 6
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
EI 1616-1599
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PY 2006
VL 308
BP 279
EP 291
DI 10.3354/meps308279
PG 13
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
GA 023QO
UT WOS:000236141500023
ER
PT J
AU Rogers, CS
Miller, J
AF Rogers, CS
Miller, J
TI Permanent 'phase shifts' or reversible declines in coral cover? Lack of
recovery of two coral reefs in St. John, US Virgin Islands
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE Caribbean reefs; recovery; coral diseases; hurricanes; overfishing;
monitoring
ID ALTERNATIVE STABLE STATES; DIADEMA-ANTILLARUM; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE;
JUVENILE CORALS; MASS MORTALITY; SALT RIVER; MACROALGAE; ECOSYSTEMS;
CROIX; DEGRADATION
AB Caribbean coral reefs have changed dramatically in the last 3 to 4 decades, with significant loss of coral cover and increases in algae. Here we present trends in benthic cover from 1989 to 2003 at 2 reefs (Lameshur Reef and Newfound Reef) off St. John, US Virgin Islands (USVI). Coral cover has declined in the fore-reef zones at both sites, and no recovery is evident. At Lameshur Reef, Hurricane Hugo (1989) caused significant physical damage and loss of coral. We suggest that macroalgae rapidly colonized new substrate made available by this storm and have hindered or prevented growth of adult corals, as well as settlement and survival of new coral recruits. Overfishing of herbivorous fishes in the USVI and loss of shelter for these fishes because of major storms has presumably reduced the levels of herbivory that formerly controlled algal abundance. Coral cover declined at Newfound Reef from 1999 to 2000, most likely because of coral diseases. The trends that we have documented, loss of coral followed by no evidence of recovery, appear similar to findings from other studies in the Caribbean. We need to focus on functional shifts in the resilience of coral reefs that result in their inability to recover from natural and human-caused stressors.
C1 US Geol Survey, Caribbean Field Stn, St John, VI 00830 USA.
Natl Pk Serv, St John, VI 00830 USA.
RP Rogers, CS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Caribbean Field Stn, 1300 Cruz Bay Creek, St John, VI 00830 USA.
EM caroline_rogers@usgs.gov
NR 58
TC 72
Z9 77
U1 2
U2 31
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PY 2006
VL 306
BP 103
EP 114
DI 10.3354/meps306103
PG 12
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
GA 014YQ
UT WOS:000235518100009
ER
PT J
AU Jodice, PGR
Roby, DD
Suryan, RM
Irons, DB
Turco, KR
Brown, ED
Thedinga, JF
Visser, GH
AF Jodice, PGR
Roby, DD
Suryan, RM
Irons, DB
Turco, KR
Brown, ED
Thedinga, JF
Visser, GH
TI Increased energy expenditure by a seabird in response to higher food
abundance
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE daily energy expenditure; DEE; doubly labeled water; food availability;
black-legged kittiwake; Pacific herring; Prince William Sound; Alaska
ID BLACK-LEGGED KITTIWAKES; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; FIELD METABOLIC-RATES;
RISSA-TRIDACTYLA; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; BROOD SIZE; BODY WATER;
ENERGETICS; AVAILABILITY; ALASKA
AB Variability in forage fish abundance strongly affects seabird behavior and reproductive success, although details of this relationship are unclear. During 1997 and 1998, we measured (1) daily energy expenditure (DEE) of 80 parent black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla at 2 colonies in Prince William Sound, Alaska (North Icy Bay and Shoup Bay), (2) abundance of surface-schooling forage fishes within the foraging range of each colony, and (3) diet composition, energy delivery rates to nestlings, and reproductive success of kittiwakes at these same colonies. Female DEE was highest at North Icy Bay in 1998, while male DEE did not differ by colony year. Abundances of Pacific herring Clupea pallasi and sand lance Ammodytes hexapterus were highest near North Icy Bay in 1998 and nearly equal in density, although Age 1+ herring comprised the majority of the diet there. Energy delivery rates to nestlings, nestling growth rates, and productivity were also highest at North Icy Bay in 1998. We suggest that female kittiwakes responded to the increased abundance of Age 1+ herring near North Icy Bay in 1998 by increasing their DEE, which in turn positively affected reproductive success. Given that adult kittiwakes have been shown to suffer decreased survival as a response to increased energy expenditure during brood rearing, the positive correlation we observed between increased abundance of a high quality food source, parental effort, and productivity is consistent with maximizing lifetime reproductive success. The lack of a response in male DEE suggests that brood-rearing roles in kittiwakes differ between genders.
C1 Oregon State Univ, USGS Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
Univ Groningen, Ctr Isotope Res, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands.
RP Jodice, PGR (reprint author), Clemson Univ, USGS S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, G27 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA.
EM pjodice@clemson.edu
NR 52
TC 30
Z9 32
U1 5
U2 11
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PY 2006
VL 306
BP 283
EP 293
DI 10.3354/meps306283
PG 11
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
GA 014YQ
UT WOS:000235518100025
ER
PT J
AU Arzuaga, X
Harmel, E
Wassenberg, DDM
DiGiulio, RT
Elskus, AA
AF Arzuaga, Xabier
Harmel, Eleana
Wassenberg, Deena D. M.
DiGiulio, Richard T.
Elskus, Adria A.
TI Resistance to PCB induced CYPIA activity and reactive oxygen species
(ROS) production in contaminated killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus)
populations
SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Biol, Lexington, KY USA.
Univ Kentucky, Grad Ctr Toxicol, Lexington, KY USA.
Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC USA.
Univ Maine, Field Stn, USGS, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Lab, Orono, ME USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0141-1136
J9 MAR ENVIRON RES
JI Mar. Environ. Res.
PY 2006
VL 62
SU S
BP S454
EP S455
PG 2
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Toxicology
GA 062PU
UT WOS:000238957800311
ER
PT J
AU Garcia-Reyero, N
Barber, D
Gross, T
Denslow, N
AF Garcia-Reyero, Nathalia
Barber, David
Gross, Timothy
Denslow, Nancy
TI Modeling of gene expression pattern alteration by p,p '-DDE and dieldrin
in largemouth bass
SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 13th International Symposium on Pollutant Responses in Marine Organisms
(PRIMO 13)
CY JUN 19-23, 2005
CL Alessandria, ITALY
DE p,p '-DDE; dieldrin; endocrine disruptors; largemouth bass; real-time
PCR
ID RECEPTOR
AB In this study, largemouth bass (LMB) were subchronically exposed to p,p'-DDE or dieldrin in their diet to evaluate the effect of exposure on expression of genes involved in reproduction and steroid homeostasis. Using real-time PCR, we detected a different gene expression pattern for each OCP, suggesting that they each affect LMB in a different way. We also detected a different expression pattern among sexes, suggesting that sexes are affected differently by OCPs perhaps reflecting the different adaptive responses of each sex to dysregulation caused by OCP exposure. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Florida, CEHT, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
USGS Ctr Aquat Resource Studies, Gainesville, FL USA.
RP Denslow, N (reprint author), Univ Florida, CEHT, 471 Mowry Rd, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
EM ndenslow@ufl.edu
FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P42 ES 07375, P42 ES007375, R01 ES015449]
NR 8
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0141-1136
J9 MAR ENVIRON RES
JI Mar. Environ. Res.
PY 2006
VL 62
SU S
BP S415
EP S419
DI 10.1016/j.marenvres.2006.04.049
PG 5
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Toxicology
GA 062PU
UT WOS:000238957800288
PM 16707152
ER
PT J
AU Reyero, NG
Johnson, K
Barber, D
Kroll, K
Sepulveda, M
Gross, T
Denslow, N
AF Reyero, Natalia G.
Johnson, Kevin
Barber, David
Kroll, Kevin
Sepulveda, Maria
Gross, Timothy
Denslow, Nancy
TI Modeling of gene expression pattern alteration by p,p '-DDE and dieldrin
in largemouth bass
SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 USGS Ctr Aquat Resource Studies, Gainesville, FL USA.
Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN USA.
Univ Florida, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0141-1136
J9 MAR ENVIRON RES
JI Mar. Environ. Res.
PY 2006
VL 62
SU S
BP S440
EP S440
PG 1
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Toxicology
GA 062PU
UT WOS:000238957800293
ER
PT J
AU Jay, CV
Heide-Jorgensen, MP
Fischbach, AS
Jensen, MV
Tessler, DF
Jensen, AV
AF Jay, CV
Heide-Jorgensen, MP
Fischbach, AS
Jensen, MV
Tessler, DF
Jensen, AV
TI Comparison of remotely deployed satellite radio transmitters on walruses
SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID ODOBENUS-ROSMARUS; MOVEMENTS; MIGRATION; TRACKING; WHALES
C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
Danish Polar Ctr, Greenland Inst Nat Resources, DK-1401 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
Mikkels Vaerksted, DK-4571 Grevinge, Denmark.
RP Jay, CV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4230 Univ Dr,Suite 201, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
EM chad_jay@usgs.gov
NR 14
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 5
PU SOC MARINE MAMMALOGY
PI LAWRENCE
PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0824-0469
J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI
JI Mar. Mamm. Sci.
PD JAN
PY 2006
VL 22
IS 1
BP 226
EP 236
PG 11
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
GA 007BL
UT WOS:000234942300018
ER
PT S
AU Hill, DP
AF Hill, David P.
BE Troise, C
DeNatale, G
Kilburn, CRJ
TI Unrest in Long Valley Caldera, California, 1978-2004
SO MECHANISMS OF ACTIVITY AND UNREST AT LARGE CALDERAS
SE Geological Society Special Publication
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID BENEATH MAMMOTH MOUNTAIN; EASTERN CALIFORNIA; TELESEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY;
EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE; MAGMATIC UNREST; DEFORMATION; REGION; BASIN; FLUID;
VOLCANISM
AB Long Valley Caldera and the Mono-Inyo Domes volcanic field in eastern California lie in a left-stepping offset along the eastern escarpment of the Sierra Nevada, at the northern end of the Owens Valley and the western margin of the Basin and Range Province. Over the last 4 Ma, this volcanic field has produced multiple volcanic eruptions, including the caldera-forming eruption at 760 000 a BP and the recent Mono-Inyo Domes eruptions 500-660 a BP and 250 a BP. Beginning in the late 1970s, the caldera entered a sustained period of unrest that persisted through the end of the century without culminating in an eruption. The unrest has included recurring earthquake swarms; tumescence of the resurgent dome by nearly 80 cm; the onset of diffuse magmatic carbon dioxide emissions around the flanks of Mammoth Mountain on the southwest margin of the caldera; and other indicators of magma transport at mid- to upper-crustal depths. Although we have made substantial progress in understanding the processes driving this unrest, many key questions remain, including the distribution, size, and relation between magma bodies within the mid-to-upper crust beneath the caldera, Mammoth Mountain, and the Inyo Mono volcanic chain, and how these magma bodies are connected to the roots of the magmatic system in the lower crust or upper mantle.
C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Hill, DP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM hill@usgs.gov
NR 62
TC 47
Z9 47
U1 0
U2 0
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE
PI BATH
PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON,
ENGLAND
SN 0305-8719
BN 978-1-86239-211-3
J9 GEOL SOC SPEC PUBL
JI Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ.
PY 2006
VL 269
BP 1
EP 24
DI 10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.269.01.02
PG 24
WC Geology
SC Geology
GA BKV62
UT WOS:000269410000002
ER
PT J
AU Hatfield, JS
AF Hatfield, JS
TI The genetic basis of hair whorl, handedness, and other phenotypes
SO MEDICAL HYPOTHESES
LA English
DT Article
ID SEXUAL ORIENTATION; LATERAL PREFERENCE; HOMOSEXUAL-MEN; BIRTH-ORDER; 4
INDEXES; SCHIZOPHRENIA; AUTISM; MECHANISM; WOMEN
AB Evidence is presented that RHD, RHCE, and other RH genes, may be interesting candidates to consider when searching for the genetic basis of hair whorl rotation (i.e., clockwise or counterclockwise), handedness (i.e., right handed, left handed or ambidextrous), speech laterality (i.e., right brained or left brained), speech dyslexia (e.g., stuttering), sexual orientation (i.e., heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual, or transsexual), schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and autism spectrum disorder. Such evidence involves the need for a genetic model that includes maternal immunization to explain some of the empirical results reported in the literature. The complex polymorphisms present among the maternally immunizing RH genes can then be used to explain other empirical results. Easily tested hypotheses are suggested, based upon genotypic (but not phenotypic) frequencies of the RH genes. In particular, homozygous dominant individuals are expected to be less common or tacking entirety among the alternative phenotypes. If it is proven that RH genes are involved in brain architecture, it will have a profound effect upon our understanding of the development and organization of the asymmetrical vertebrate brain and may eventually Lead to a better understanding of the developmental processes which occur to produce the various alternative phenotypes discussed here. In addition, if RH genes are shown to be involved in the production of these phenotypes, then the evolutionary studies can be performed to demonstrate the beneficial effect of the recessive alleles of RHD and RHCE, and why human evolution appears to be selecting for the recessive alleles even though an increase in the frequency of such alleles may imply lower average fecundity among some individuals possessing them. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
RP Hatfield, JS (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
EM jhatfietd@usgs.gov
NR 32
TC 13
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 12
PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE
PI EDINBURGH
PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE,
LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND
SN 0306-9877
J9 MED HYPOTHESES
JI Med. Hypotheses
PY 2006
VL 66
IS 4
BP 708
EP 714
DI 10.1016/j.mehy.2005.10.010
PG 7
WC Medicine, Research & Experimental
SC Research & Experimental Medicine
GA 024KS
UT WOS:000236194500006
PM 16337093
ER
PT J
AU Plumlee, GS
Morman, SA
Ziegler, TL
AF Plumlee, Geoffrey S.
Morman, Suzette A.
Ziegler, Thomas L.
TI The toxicological geochemistry of earth materials: An overview of
processes and the interdisciplinary methods used to understand them
SO MEDICAL MINERAOLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY
SE REVIEWS IN MINERALOGY & GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Review
ID COAL-WORKERS PNEUMOCONIOSIS; HUMAN-MALIGNANT MESOTHELIOMA; GLASS-FIBER
DISSOLUTION; SIMULATED LUNG FLUID; MINING COMMUNITY; NEW-ORLEANS;
ASBESTOS; LEAD; EXPOSURE; BIOAVAILABILITY
C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
RP Plumlee, GS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 973, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
EM gplumlee@usgs.gov
NR 178
TC 66
Z9 67
U1 5
U2 17
PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMERICA
PI CHANTILLY
PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA
SN 1529-6466
J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM
PY 2006
VL 64
BP 5
EP 57
DI 10.2138/rmg.2006.64.2
PG 53
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy
GA BFQ56
UT WOS:000243857200002
ER
PT S
AU Huang, X
Gordon, T
Rom, WN
Finkelman, RB
AF Huang, Xi
Gordon, Terry
Rom, William N.
Finkelman, Robert B.
BE Sahai, N
Schoonen, MAA
TI Interaction of iron and calcium minerals in coals and their roles in
coal dust-induced health and environmental problems
SO MEDICAL MINERAOLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY
SE Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry
LA English
DT Review
ID PROGRESSIVE MASSIVE FIBROSIS; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; OCCUPATIONAL
RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; WORKERS SIMPLE PNEUMOCONIOSIS; ACUTE LUNG INJURY;
UNITED-STATES; FLY-ASH; BIOAVAILABLE IRON; OXIDATIVE STRESS;
EPITHELIAL-CELLS
AB Epidemiological studies using pollutant gases (e.g., SO(2)) and particle characteristics (e.g., elemental carbon) indicate that products of fossil fuel combustion are important contributors to particulate matter (PM)-associated hospital admissions and mortality. Coal is one of the world's most important fossil fuels, providing 40% of electricity worldwide. Besides individuals exposed to PM in ambient air, coal mining can cause adverse health effects in workers exposed to coal dusts at the workplace. Among the respiratory diseases, coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) has received the most attention because of its clear occupational association. The field of CWP research is one of the few areas in occupational health in which considerable epidemiological data are available. This offers a good opportunity to focus on the relationship between epidemiological data and physico-chemical and/or biological characteristics of coals. The objective of this review is to assess whether some physico-chemical parameters play a role in the observed regional differences in the prevalence of CWP among various coalmine regions. We mainly concentrate on the chemical interaction of two minerals, pyrite (FeS(2)) and calcite (CaCO(3)) in the coals and their role in causing occupational lung diseases (e.g., pneumoconiosis) and other environmental problems (e.g., acid mine drainage). Therefore, understanding the chemical interaction of the two minerals in the coal may lead to the identification of the causal components in coal dusts as well as in PM. Examples from U.S.A. coals are used to illustrate the chemical interaction and geological distribution of iron and calcium minerals in various coalmine regions and how the differences in levels of these types of minerals contribute to the observed regional differences in the prevalence of CWP. Molecular mechanisms leading to the CWP development are also discussed, particular in the aspects of oxidative stress and inflammation.
C1 NYU, Sch Med, Dept Environm Med, New York, NY 10016 USA.
US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Huang, X (reprint author), NYU, Sch Med, Dept Environm Med, 550 1St Ave,PHL Room 802, New York, NY 10016 USA.
EM huangx02@med.nyu.edu
RI Banks, Tamara/G-3007-2012
NR 193
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 3
U2 15
PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER
PI CHANTILLY
PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA
SN 1529-6466
BN 978-0-939950-76-8
J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM
PY 2006
VL 64
BP 153
EP 178
DI 10.2138/rmg.2006.64.6
PG 26
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy
GA BFQ56
UT WOS:000243857200006
ER
PT J
AU Smith, RL
Baumgartner, LK
Miller, DN
Repert, DA
Bohlke, JK
AF Smith, RL
Baumgartner, LK
Miller, DN
Repert, DA
Bohlke, JK
TI Assessment of nitrification potential in ground water using short term,
single-well injection experiments
SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ANAEROBIC AMMONIUM OXIDATION; SEWAGE-CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER; GRADIENT
TRACER TESTS; PUSH-PULL TESTS; NATURAL-GRADIENT; SANDY AQUIFER;
CAPE-COD; GRAVEL AQUIFER; NITRATE CONTAMINATION; BACTERIOPHAGE PRD1
AB Nitrification was measured within a sand and gravel aquifer on Cape Cod, MA, using a series of single-well injection tests. The aquifer contained a wastewater-derived contaminant plume, the core of which was anoxic and contained ammonium. The study was conducted near the downgradient end of the ammonium zone, which was characterized by inversely trending vertical gradients of oxygen (270 to 0 mu M) and ammonium (19 to 625 mu M) and appeared to be a potentially active zone for nitrification. The tests were conducted by injecting a tracer solution (ambient ground water + added constituents) into selected locations within the gradients using multilevel samplers. After injection, the tracers moved by natural ground water flow and were sampled with time from the injection port. Rates of nitrification were determined from changes in nitrate and nitrite concentration relative to bromide. Initial tests were conducted with N-15-enriched ammonium; subsequent tests examined the effect of adding ammonium, nitrite, or oxygen above background concentrations and of adding difluoromethane, a nitrification inhibitor. In situ net nitrate production exceeded net nitrite production by 3- to 6- fold and production rates of both decreased in the presence of difluoromethane. Nitrification rates were 0.02-0.28 mu mol (L aquifer)(-1) h(-1) with in situ oxygen concentrations and up to 0.81 mu mol (L aquifer)(-1) h(-1) with non-limiting substrate concentrations. Geochemical considerations indicate that the rates derived from single-well injection tests yielded overestimates of in situ rates, possibly because the injections promoted small-scale mixing within a transport-limited reaction zone. Nonetheless, these tests were useful for characterizing ground water nitrification in situ and for comparing potential rates of activity when the tracer cloud included non-limiting ammonium and oxygen concentrations.
C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80302 USA.
US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA.
RP Smith, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80302 USA.
EM rlsmith@usgs.gov
RI Smith, Richard/A-6733-2008;
OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-3829-0125; Miller, Daniel/0000-0003-3476-487X
NR 75
TC 28
Z9 29
U1 1
U2 14
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0095-3628
J9 MICROB ECOL
JI Microb. Ecol.
PD JAN
PY 2006
VL 51
IS 1
BP 22
EP 35
DI 10.1007/s00248-004-0159-7
PG 14
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Microbiology
GA 008SL
UT WOS:000235060900004
PM 16382283
ER
PT J
AU Sancay, RH
Bati, Z
Edwards, LE
Ertug, KI
AF Hayrettin Sancay, R.
Bati, Zuhtu
Edwards, Lucy E.
Ertug, Kaya I.
TI A new species of Pentadinium from eastern Anatolia, Turkey, Pentadinium
galileoi
SO MICROPALEONTOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
AB The new gonyaulacoid dinoflagellate Pentadinium galileoi Sancay et al., sp. nov. from the Oligocene-Lower Miocene sediments of Eastern Anatolia has been identified. It is spherical, chordate with prominant discoidal cingulum and distally furcate apical, sulcal, and antapical processes. It has a type P (3 '') archeopyle, and periarcheopyle is larger than endoarcheopyle. Tabulation is distinct and it has a formula of 1pr, 3-4', 6 '',6c, 6''', 1p, 1''''. Wall structure is granular in intraplate areas, and it has gonal spines at apex, posterior intercalary, and antapex. Processes at gonal positions may be on a variably developed antapical 'skirt' formed by extended septa (2-3 pm), minute bifurcate spines intergonally and along cingulum at plate intersections. Periphragm and endophragm appressed except at cingular area and at septa. The size of the cysts ranges between 73-89 mu m with an avarage of 84 mu m.
C1 Turkish Petr Corp, Res Ctr, Ankara, Turkey.
US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA.
RP Sancay, RH (reprint author), Turkish Petr Corp, Res Ctr, Ankara, Turkey.
EM hsancay@petrol.tpao.gov.tr; bati@petrol.tpao.gov.tr; leedwards@usgs.gov;
kertug@petrol.tpao.gov.tr
NR 19
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 1
PU MICROPALEONTOLOGY PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA AMER MUSEUM NAT HISTORY 79TH ST AT CENTRAL PARK WEST, NEW YORK, NY 10024
USA
SN 0026-2803
J9 MICROPALEONTOLOGY
JI Micropaleontology
PY 2006
VL 52
IS 6
BP 537
EP 543
PG 7
WC Paleontology
SC Paleontology
GA 165OG
UT WOS:000246314200003
ER
PT J
AU Miller, MP
Bellinger, MR
Forsman, ED
Haig, SM
AF Miller, MP
Bellinger, MR
Forsman, ED
Haig, SM
TI Effects of historical climate change, habitat connectivity, and
vicariance on genetic structure and diversity across the range of the
red tree vole (Phenacomys longicaudus) in the Pacific Northwestern
United States
SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE interpolation; mitochondrial control region; Phenacomys longicaudus;
phylogeography; Pleistocene glaciation; spatial genetic analysis
ID NORTHERN SPOTTED OWLS; BIOGEOGRAPHIC PATTERNS; WILLAMETTE VALLEY;
PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; OREGON; DNA; POPULATIONS; AMERICA; BARRIERS; RODENTIA
AB Phylogeographical analyses conducted in the Pacific Northwestern United States have often revealed concordant patterns of genetic diversity among taxa. These studies demonstrate distinct North/South genetic discontinuities that have been attributed to Pleistocene glaciation. We examined phylogeographical patterns of red tree voles (Phenacomys longicaudus) in western Oregon by analysing mitochondrial control region sequences for 169 individuals from 18 areas across the species' range. Cytochrome b sequences were also analysed from a subset of our samples to confirm the presence of major haplotype groups. Phylogenetic network analyses suggested the presence of two haplotype groups corresponding to northern and southern regions of P. longicaudus' range. Spatial genetic analyses (samova and Genetic Landscape Shapes) of control region sequences demonstrated a primary genetic discontinuity separating northern and southern sampling areas, while a secondary discontinuity separated northern sampling areas into eastern and western groups divided by the Willamette Valley. The North/South discontinuity likely corresponds to a region of secondary contact between lineages rather than an overt barrier. Although the Cordilleran ice sheet (maximum similar to 12 000 years ago) did not move southward to directly affect the region occupied by P. longicaudus, climate change during glaciation fragmented the forest landscape that it inhabits. Signatures of historical fragmentation were reflected by positive associations between latitude and variables such as Tajima's D and patterns associated with location-specific alleles. Genetic distances between southern sampling areas were smaller, suggesting that forest fragmentation was reduced in southern vs. northern regions.
C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Miller, MP (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
EM mark.miller@usu.edu
RI Miller, Mark/A-5488-2011;
OI Bellinger, M. Renee/0000-0001-5274-9572
NR 58
TC 71
Z9 73
U1 2
U2 10
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0962-1083
J9 MOL ECOL
JI Mol. Ecol.
PD JAN
PY 2006
VL 15
IS 1
BP 145
EP 159
DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02765.x
PG 15
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology;
Evolutionary Biology
GA 994KD
UT WOS:000234029800013
PM 16367837
ER
PT S
AU Meyer, D
Chander, G
AF Meyer, David
Chander, Gyanesh
BE Smith, WL
Larar, AM
Aoki, T
Rattan, R
TI Cross-calibration of AM constellation sensors for long term monitoring
of land surface processes - art. no. 64050Z
SO Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Remote Sensing
Technology, Techniques, and Applications
SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
(SPIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Remote
Sensing Technology, Techniques, and Applications
CY NOV 13-16, 2006
CL Goa, INDIA
SP SPIE, ISRO, JAXA, NASA, NOAA, Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Natl Inst Oceanog, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Integrated Program Off, Sci & Technol Corp
DE landsat; TM; ETM; Terra; MODIS; ASTER; AM constellation; calibration;
characterization; spectral bands; detectors; gain; bias; RSR;
reflectance; data fusion; interoperability
ID BAND RADIOMETRIC STABILITY; LANDSAT-7-ETM+
AB Data from multiple sensors must be used together to gain a more complete understanding of land surface processes at a variety of scales. Although higher-level products derived from different sensors (e.g., vegetation cover, albedo, surface temperature) can be validated independently, the degree to which these sensors and their products can be compared to one another is vastly improved if their relative spectro-radiometric responses are known. Most often, sensors are directly calibrated to diffuse solar irradiation or vicariously to ground targets. However, space-based targets are not traceable to metrological standards, and vicarious calibrations are expensive and provide a poor sampling of a sensor's full dynamic range. Cross-calibration of two sensors can augment these methods if certain conditions can be met: (1) the spectral responses are similar, (2) the observations are reasonably concurrent (similar atmospheric & solar illumination conditions), (3) errors due to misregistrations of inhomogeneous surfaces can be minimized (including scale differences), and (4) the viewing geometry is similar (or, some reasonable knowledge of surface bi-directional reflectance distribution functions is available).
This study extends on a previous study of Terra/MODIS and Landsat/ETM+ cross calibration by including the Terra/ASTER and EO-1/ALI sensors, exploring the impacts of cross-calibrating sensors when conditions described above are met to some degree but not perfectly. Measures for spectral response differences and methods for cross calibrating such sensors are provided in this study. These instruments are cross calibrated using the Railroad Valley playa in Nevada. Best fit linear coefficients (slope and offset) are provided for ALIto-MODIS and ETM+-to-MODIS cross calibrations, and root-mean-squared errors (RMSEs) and correlation coefficients are provided to quantify the uncertainty in these relationships. Due to problems with direct calibration of ASTER data, linear fits were developed between ASTER and ETM+ to assess the impacts of spectral bandpass differences between the two systems. In theory, the linear fits and uncertainties can be used to compare radiance and reflectance products derived from each instrument.
C1 USGS, EROS, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
RP Meyer, D (reprint author), USGS, EROS, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-6512-2
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2006
VL 6405
BP Z4050
EP Z4050
AR 64050Z
DI 10.1117/12.694127
PG 11
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
GA BFZ50
UT WOS:000245645300025
ER
PT J
AU Overton, CT
Schmitz, RA
Casazza, ML
AF Overton, CT
Schmitz, RA
Casazza, ML
TI Linking landscape characteristics to mineral site use by band-tailed
pigeons in western Oregon: Coarse-filter conservation with fine-filter
tuning
SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE band-tailed pigeon; multi-scale analysis; Oregon; Patagioenas fasciata
Say; wildlife-habitat relationships
ID BIODIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES; RANGE
AB Mineral sites are scarce resources of high ion concentration used heavily by the Pacific Coast subpopulation of band-tailed pigeons. Over 20% of all known mineral sites used by band-tailed pigeons in western Oregon, including all hot springs, have been abandoned. Prior investigations have not analyzed stand or landscape level habitat composition in relation to band-tailed pigeon use of mineral sites. We used logistic regression models to evaluate the influence of habitat types, identified from Gap Analysis Program (GAP) products at two spatial scales, on the odds of mineral site use in Oregon (n = 69 currently used and 20 historically used). Our results indicated that the odds of current use were negatively associated with non-forested terrestrial and private land area around mineral sites. Similarly, the odds of current mineral site use were positively associated with forested and special status (GAP stewardship codes I and 2) land area. The most important variable associated with the odds of mineral site use was the amount of non-forested land cover at either spatial scale. Our results demonstrate the utility of meso-scale geographic information designed for regional, coarse-filter approaches to conservation in fine-filter investigation of wildlife-habitat relationships. Adjacent landcover and ownership status explain the pattern of use for known mineral sites in western Oregon. In order for conservation and management activities for band-tailed pigeons to be successful, mineral sites need to be addressed as important and vulnerable resources. Management of band-tailed pigeons should incorporate the potential for forest management activities and land ownership patterns to influence the risk of mineral site abandonment.
C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA.
RP Overton, CT (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
EM coverton@usgs.gov
OI casazza, Mike/0000-0002-5636-735X
NR 37
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 3
PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOCIATION
PI ROCKFORD
PA 320 SOUTH THIRD STREET, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA
SN 0885-8608
J9 NAT AREA J
JI Nat. Areas J.
PD JAN
PY 2006
VL 26
IS 1
BP 38
EP 46
DI 10.3375/0885-8608(2006)26[38:LLCTMS]2.0.CO;2
PG 9
WC Ecology; Forestry
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry
GA 002ME
UT WOS:000234614800005
ER
PT J
AU Reed, CC
Larson, DL
Larson, JL
AF Reed, CC
Larson, DL
Larson, JL
TI Canada thistle biological control agents on two South Dakota wildlife
refuges
SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE biocontrol; Canada thistle; Ceutorhynchus litura; Cirsium arvense;
Rhinocyllus conicus
ID CIRSIUM-ARVENSE; CURCULIONIDAE; BIOCONTROL; COLEOPTERA; FIELD
AB We monitored populations of Canada thistle biocontrol agents Cassida rubiginosa, Ceutorhynchus litura, Larinus (= Hadroplantus) planus, Urophora cardui, Orellia (= Terellia) ruficauda, and Rhinocyllus conicus on Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) at two national wildlife refuges in South Dakota from 1999 through 2003. C. litura, U. cardui, O. ruficauda, and R. conicus were present on both refuges. Agent populations were low except for C. litura, which was present in up to 90% of stems in some plots. C. litura infestation did not reduce thistle flowering, stem length, or over-winter survival. There was no change in thistle stem numbers over the study period and no difference in stem numbers in areas of high C. litura populations compared to areas of low C. litura populations. Our results suggest that insect biological control agents are inadequate for reduction of Canada thistle in southern South Dakota.
C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Field Stn, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, USGS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
RP Reed, CC (reprint author), 508 Wisconsin St, San Francisco, CA 94107 USA.
EM reedx012@umn.edu
OI Larson, Diane/0000-0001-5202-0634
NR 15
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 16
PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOCIATION
PI ROCKFORD
PA 320 SOUTH THIRD STREET, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA
SN 0885-8608
J9 NAT AREA J
JI Nat. Areas J.
PD JAN
PY 2006
VL 26
IS 1
BP 47
EP 52
DI 10.3375/0885-8608(2006)26[47:CTBCAO]2.0.CO;2
PG 6
WC Ecology; Forestry
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry
GA 002ME
UT WOS:000234614800006
ER
PT J
AU Greene, HG
Murai, LY
Watts, P
Maher, NA
Fisher, MA
Paull, CE
Eichhubl, P
AF Greene, HG
Murai, LY
Watts, P
Maher, NA
Fisher, MA
Paull, CE
Eichhubl, P
TI Submarine landslides in the Santa Barbara Channel as potential tsunami
sources
SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
LA English
DT Review
ID WESTERN TRANSVERSE RANGES; CALIFORNIA CONTINENTAL BORDERLAND; NEW-GUINEA
TSUNAMI; COAL-OIL-POINT; ART. NO. 2236; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; UNDERWATER
LANDSLIDES; FLUID-FLOW; WAVE TRANSFORMATION; COASTAL CALIFORNIA
AB Recent investigations using the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institutes (MBARI) Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) "Ventana" and "Tiburon" and interpretation of MBARI's EM 300 30 kHz multibeam bathymetric data show that the northern flank of the Santa Barbara Basin has experienced massive slope failures. Of particular concern is the large (130km(2)) Goleta landslide complex located off Coal Oil Point near the town of Goleta, that measures 14.6-km long extending from a depth of 90 in to nearly 574 m deep and is 10.5 km wide. We estimate that approximately 1.75 km(3) has been displaced by this slide during the Holocene. This feature is a complex compound submarine landslide that contains both surfical slump blocks and mud flows in three distinct segments. Each segment is composed of a distinct head scarp, down-dropped head block and a slide debris lobe. The debris lobes exhibit hummocky topography in the central areas that appear to result from compression during down slope movement. The toes of the western and eastern lobes are well defined in the multibeam image, whereas the toe of the central lobe is less distinct. Continuous seismic reflection profiles show that many buried slide debris lobes exist and comparison of the deformed reflectors with ODP Drill Site 149, Hole 893 sue-est that at least 200 000 years of failure have occurred in the area (Fisher et al., 2005a). Based on our interpretation of the multibeam bathymetry and seismic reflection profiles we modeled the potential tsunami that may have been produced from one of the three surfical lobes of the Goleta slide. This model shows that a 10 m high wave could have run ashore along the cliffs of the Goleta shoreline.
Several other smaller (2 km(2) and 4 km 2) slides are located on the northern flank of the Santa Barbara Basin, both to the west and east of Goleta slide and on the Conception fan along the western flank of the basin. One slide, named the Gaviota slide, is 3.8 km(2), 2.6 km long and 1.7 km wide. A distinct narrow sear extends from near the eastern head wall of this slide for over 2 km eastward toward the Goleta slide and may represent either an incipient failure or a remnant of a previous failure. Push cores collected within the main head sear of this slide consisted of hydrogen sulfide bearing mud, possibly suggesting active fluid seepage and a vibra-core penetrated similar to 50cm of recent sediment overlying colluvium or landslide debris confirming the age of similar to 300 years as proposed by Lee et al. (2004). However, no seeps or indications of recent movement were observed during our ROV investigation within this narrow head sear indicating that seafloor in the sear is draped with mud.
C1 Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA.
Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA.
Appl Fluids Engn Inc, Long Beach, CA 90803 USA.
AOA Geophys Inc, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA.
United States Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
RP Greene, HG (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, 7700 Sandholdt Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA.
EM greene@mbari.org
RI Eichhubl, Peter/A-2600-2009
OI Eichhubl, Peter/0000-0002-2729-776X
NR 134
TC 39
Z9 40
U1 6
U2 20
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1561-8633
J9 NAT HAZARD EARTH SYS
JI Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.
PY 2006
VL 6
IS 1
BP 63
EP 88
PG 26
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences;
Water Resources
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
GA 024IU
UT WOS:000236189500007
ER
PT J
AU Biavati, G
Godt, JW
McKenna, JP
AF Biavati, G.
Godt, J. W.
McKenna, J. P.
TI Drainage effects on the transient, near-surface hydrologic response of a
steep hillslope to rainfall: implications for slope stability, Edmonds,
Washington, USA
SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SEATTLE; MODEL
AB Shallow landslides on steep (>25 degrees) hillsides along Puget Sound have resulted in occasional loss of life and costly damage to property during intense or prolonged rainfall. As part of a larger project to assess landslide hazards in the Seattle area, the U.S. Geological Survey instrumented two coastal bluff sites in 2001 to observe the subsurface hydrologic response to rainfall. The instrumentation at one of these sites, near Edmonds, Washington, consists of two rain gauges, two water-content probes that measure volumetric water content at eight depths between 0.2 and 2.0 m, and two tensiometer nests that measure soil-water suction at six depths ranging from 0.2 to 1.5 m. Measurements from these instruments are used to test one- and two-dimensional numerical models of infiltration and groundwater flow. Capillary-rise tests, performed in the laboratory on soil sample from the Edmonds site, are used to define the soil hydraulic properties for the wetting process. The field observations of water content and suction show an apparent effect of porosity variation with depth on the hydraulic response to rainfall. Using a range of physical properties consistent with our laboratory and field measurements, we perform sensitivity analyses to investigate the effects of variation in physical and hydraulic properties of the soil on rainfall infiltration, pore-pressure response, and, hence, slope stability. For a two-layer-system in which the hydraulic conductivity of the upper layer is at least 10 times greater than the conductivity of the lower layer, and the infiltration rate is greater than the conductivity of the lower layer, a perched water table forms above the layer boundary potentially destabilizing the upper layer of soil. Two-dimensional modeling results indicate that the addition of a simple trench drain to the same two-layer slope has differing effects on the hydraulic response depending on the initial pressure head conditions. For slope-parallel flow conditions, pressure head is significantly reduced near the drain; however, for transient, vertical infiltration in a partially saturated soil, conditions consistent with those observed during monitoring at the Edmonds site, the drain decreases the thickness of a perched water table by a small amount.
C1 Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Sci Terra & Geol Ambientali, I-40126 Bologna, Italy.
US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Biavati, G (reprint author), Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Sci Terra & Geol Ambientali, I-40126 Bologna, Italy.
EM biavati@geomin.unibo.it
RI Verbist, Koen/B-3029-2009
NR 31
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 10
PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS
PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU
PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY
SN 1561-8633
J9 NAT HAZARD EARTH SYS
JI Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.
PY 2006
VL 6
IS 3
BP 343
EP 355
PG 13
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences;
Water Resources
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
GA 058NJ
UT WOS:000238671400002
ER
PT J
AU Waythomas, CF
Watts, P
Walder, JS
AF Waythomas, C. F.
Watts, P.
Walder, J. S.
TI Numerical simulation of tsunami generation by cold volcanic mass flows
at Augustine Volcano, Alaska
SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID ART. NO. 2236; DEBRIS AVALANCHE; IMPULSE WAVES; UNDERWATER LANDSLIDES;
ERUPTIONS; DEPOSITS; CALIFORNIA; MOBILITY
AB Many of the world's active volcanoes are situated on or near coastlines. During eruptions, diverse geophysical mass flows, including pyroclastic flows, debris avalanches, and lahars, can deliver large volumes of unconsolidated debris to the ocean in a short period of time and thereby generate tsunamis. Deposits of both hot and cold volcanic mass flows produced by eruptions of Aleutian arc volcanoes are exposed at many locations along the coastlines of the Bering Sea, North Pacific Ocean, and Cook Inlet, indicating that the flows entered the sea and in some cases may have initiated tsunamis. We evaluate the process of tsunami generation by cold granular subaerial volcanic mass flows using examples from Augustine Volcano in southern Cook Inlet. Augustine Volcano is the most historically active volcano in the Cook Inlet region, and future eruptions, should they lead to debris-avalanche formation and tsunami generation, could be hazardous to some coastal areas. Geological investigations at Augustine Volcano suggest that as many as 12-14 debris avalanches have reached the sea in the last 2000 years, and a debris avalanche emplaced during an A.D. 1883 eruption may have initiated a tsunami that was observed about 80 km east of the volcano at the village of English Bay (Nanwalek) on the coast of the southern Kenai Peninsula. Numerical simulation of mass-flow motion, tsunami generation, propagation, and inundation for Augustine Volcano indicate only modest wave generation by volcanic mass flows and localized wave effects. However, for east-directed mass flows entering Cook Inlet, tsunamis are capable of reaching the more populated coastlines of the southwestern Kenai Peninsula, where maximum water amplitudes of several meters are possible.
C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK USA.
Appl Fluids Engn Inc, Long Beach, CA USA.
US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
RP Waythomas, CF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK USA.
EM chris@usgs.gov
NR 54
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 8
PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION
PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU
PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY
SN 1561-8633
J9 NAT HAZARD EARTH SYS
JI Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.
PY 2006
VL 6
IS 5
BP 671
EP 685
PG 15
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences;
Water Resources
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
GA 097PT
UT WOS:000241461100001
ER
PT J
AU da Luz, BR
AF da Luz, Beatriz Ribeiro
TI Attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy of plant leaves: a tool for
ecological and botanical studies
SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST
LA English
DT Article
DE cuticle; identification of plants; chemistry of leaf surface; thermal
infrared; Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy; attenuated
total reflectance (ATR)
ID TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; FT-IR SPECTROSCOPY; CUTICULAR WAXES;
MAGNOLIA-GRANDIFLORA; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; EPICUTICULAR WAX; LEAF
WAXES; SURFACE; POLYSACCHARIDES; CELLULOSE
AB Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectra of plant leaves display complex absorption features related to organic constituents of leaf surfaces. The spectra can be recorded rapidly, both in the field and in the laboratory, without special sample preparation.
This paper explores sources of ATR spectral variation in leaves, including compositional, positional and temporal variations. Interspecific variations are also examined, including the use of ATR spectra as a tool for species identification.
Positional spectral variations generally reflected the abundance of cutin and the epicuticular wax thickness and composition. For example, leaves exposed to full sunlight commonly showed more prominent cutin- and wax-related absorption features compared with shaded leaves. Adaxial vs. abaxial leaf surfaces displayed spectral variations reflecting differences in trichome abundance and wax composition. Mature vs. young leaves showed changes in absorption band position and intensity related to cutin, polysaccharide, and possibly amorphous silica development on and near the leaf surfaces.
Provided that similar samples are compared (e.g. adaxial surfaces of mature, sun-exposed leaves) same-species individuals display practically identical ATR spectra. Using spectral matching procedures to analyze an ATR database containing 117 individuals, including 32 different tree species, 83% of the individuals were correctly identified.
C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biosci, Dept Ecol, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil.
US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP da Luz, BR (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biosci, Dept Ecol, R Matao,Travessa 14, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil.
EM beatrizrluz@gmail.com
NR 43
TC 53
Z9 53
U1 6
U2 19
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0028-646X
J9 NEW PHYTOL
JI New Phytol.
PY 2006
VL 172
IS 2
BP 305
EP 318
DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01823.x
PG 14
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA 085LU
UT WOS:000240606400013
PM 16995918
ER
PT J
AU Beauchamp, VB
Stromberg, JC
Stutz, JC
AF Beauchamp, VB
Stromberg, JC
Stutz, JC
TI Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with Populus-Salix stands in a
semiarid riparian ecosystem
SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST
LA English
DT Review
DE arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; nonmetric multidimensional scaling;
Populus fremontii; riparian; river; semiarid
ID WIDE HYDROLOGIC GRADIENT; SAN-PEDRO RIVER; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; VASCULAR
PLANTS; OLD-FIELD; MOLECULAR-IDENTIFICATION; SPECIES COMPOSITION;
SEASONAL DYNAMICS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; GLOMUS-MOSSEAE
AB This study examined the activity, species richness, and species composition of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) community of Populus-Salix stands on the Verde River (Arizona, USA), quantified patterns of AMF richness and colonization along complex floodplain gradients, and identified environmental variables responsible for structuring the AMF community.
Samples from 61 Populus-Salix stands were analyzed for AMF and herbaceous composition, AMF colonization, gravimetric soil moisture, soil texture, per cent organic matter, pH, and concentrations of nitrate, bicarbonate phosphorus and exchangeable potassium.
AMF species richness declined with stand age and distance from and elevation above the channel and was positively related to perennial species cover and richness and gravimetric soil moisture. Distance from and elevation above the active channel, forest age, annual species cover, perennial species richness, and exchangeable potassium concentration all played a role in structuring the AMF community in this riparian area.
Most AMF species were found across a wide range of soil conditions, but a subset of species tended to occur more often in hydric areas. This group of riparian affiliate AMF species includes several not previously encountered in the surrounding Sonoran desert.
C1 Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
Arizona State Univ, Dept Appl Biol Sci, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA.
US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
RP Beauchamp, VB (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
EM vanessa_beauchamp@usgs.gov
NR 101
TC 36
Z9 39
U1 6
U2 23
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0028-646X
J9 NEW PHYTOL
JI New Phytol.
PY 2006
VL 170
IS 2
BP 369
EP 380
DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01668.x
PG 12
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA 025EN
UT WOS:000236248200018
PM 16608461
ER
PT S
AU Jenkins, C
Flocks, J
Kulp, M
AF Jenkins, Chris
Flocks, Jim
Kulp, Mark
BE Rothwell, RG
TI Integration of the stratigraphic aspects of very large sea-floor
databases using information processing
SO NEW TECHNIQUES IN SEDIMENT CORE ANALYSIS
SE Geological Society Special Publication
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
AB Information-processing methods are described that integrate the stratigraphic aspects of large and diverse collections of sea-floor sample data. They efficiently convert common types of sea-floor data into database and GIS (geographical information system) tables, visual core logs, stratigraphic fence diagrams and sophisticated stratigraphic statistics. The input data are held in structured documents, essentially written core logs that are particularly efficient to create from raw input datasets. Techniques are described that permit efficient construction of regional databases consisting of hundreds of cores. The sedimentological observations in each core are located by their downhole depths (metres below sea floor-mbsf) and also by a verbal term that describes the sample 'situation' - a special fraction of the sediment or position in the core. The main processing creates a separate output event for each instance of top, bottom and situation, assigning top-base mbsf values from numeric or, where possible, from word-based relative locational information such as 'core catcher' in reference to sampler device, and recovery or penetration length. The processing outputs represent the sub-bottom as a sparse matrix of over 20 sediment properties of interest, such as grain size, porosity and colour. They can be plotted in a range of core-log programs including an in-built facility that better suits the requirements of sea-floor data. Finally, a suite of stratigraphic statistics are computed, including volumetric grades, overburdens, thicknesses and degrees of layering.
C1 [Jenkins, Chris] Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Flocks, Jim] USGS Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
[Kulp, Mark] Univ New Orleans, PIES, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA.
RP Jenkins, C (reprint author), Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, 1560 30th St, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM chris.jenkins@colorado.edu
NR 14
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 1
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE
PI BATH
PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON,
ENGLAND
SN 0305-8719
BN 978-1-86239-210-6
J9 GEOL SOC SPEC PUBL
JI Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ.
PY 2006
VL 267
BP 229
EP 240
DI 10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.267.01.17
PG 12
WC Geology
SC Geology
GA BKT49
UT WOS:000269182200017
ER
PT S
AU Duke, MB
Gaddis, LR
Taylor, GJ
Schmitt, HH
AF Duke, Michael B.
Gaddis, Lisa R.
Taylor, G. Jeffrey
Schmitt, Harrison H.
BE Jolliff, BL
Wieczorek, MA
TI Development of the moon
SO NEW VIEWS OF THE MOON
SE Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry
LA English
DT Review
ID SPACE SOLAR-POWER; POLAR HYDROGEN DEPOSITS; GAMMA-RAY SPECTROMETER;
LUNAR SOUTH-POLE; PYROCLASTIC DEPOSITS; MARE BASALTS; COLD TRAP;
CLEMENTINE; SURFACE; OXYGEN
C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
US Geol Survey, Astrol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
RP Duke, MB (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
EM mduke@mines.edu
NR 177
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 2
U2 4
PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER
PI CHANTILLY
PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA
SN 1529-6466
BN 0-939950-72-3
J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM
JI Rev. Mineral. Geochem.
PY 2006
VL 60
BP 597
EP 655
DI 10.2138/rmg.2006.60.6
PG 59
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy
GA BEY45
UT WOS:000240126800007
ER
PT J
AU Snyder, CD
Young, JA
Stout, BM
AF Snyder, Craig D.
Young, John A.
Stout, Ben M., III
TI Aquatic habitats of Canaan Valley, West Virginia: Diversity and
environmental threats
SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
ID BEAVER CASTOR-CANADENSIS; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; SOUTH-CAROLINA; STREAMS;
PONDS; ACIDIFICATION; POPULATIONS; COMMUNITIES; MANAGEMENT; PIEDMONT
AB We conducted surveys of aquatic habitats during the spring and summer of 1995 in Canaan Valley, WV, to describe the diversity of aquatic habitats in the valley and identify issues that may threaten the viability of aquatic species. We assessed physical habitat and water chemistry of 126 ponds and 82 stream sites, and related habitat characteristics to landscape variables such as geology and terrain. Based on our analyses, we found two issues likely to affect the viability of aquatic populations in the valley. The first issue was acid rain and the extent to which it potentially limits the distribution of aquatic and semi-aquatic species, particularly in headwater portions of the watershed. We estimate that nearly 46%, or 56 kilometers of stream, had pH levels that would not support survival and reproduction of Salvelinuw fontinalis (brook trout), one of the most acid-tolerant fishes in the eastern US. The second issue was the influence of Castor canadensis (beaver) activity. In the Canaan Valley State Park portion of the valley, beaver have transformed 4.7 kilometers of stream (approximately 17% of the total) to pond habitat through their dam building. This has resulted in an increase in pond habitat, a decrease in stream habitat, and a fragmented stream network (i.e., beaver ponds dispersed among stream reaches). In addition, beaver have eliminated an undetermined amount of forested riparian area through their foraging activities. Depending on the perspective, beaver-mediated changes can be viewed as positive or negative. Increases in pond habitat may increase habitat heterogeneity with consequent increases in biological diversity. In contrast, flooding associated with beaver activity may eliminate lowland wetlands and associated species, create barriers to fish dispersal, and possibly contribute to low dissolved oxygen levels in the Blackwater River. We recommend that future management strategies for the wildlife refuge be viewed in the context of these two issues, and that the responses of multiple assemblages be incorporated in the design of refuge management plans.
C1 US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA.
Wheeling Jesuit Univ, Dept Biol, Wheeling, WV 26003 USA.
RP Snyder, CD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA.
EM csnyder@usgs.gov
NR 28
TC 4
Z9 5
U1 5
U2 13
PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST
PI STEUBEN
PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA
SN 1092-6194
J9 NORTHEAST NAT
JI Northeast. Nat
PY 2006
VL 13
IS 3
BP 333
EP 352
DI 10.1656/1092-6194(2006)13[333:AHOCVW]2.0.CO;2
PG 20
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 097PK
UT WOS:000241460200003
ER
PT J
AU Julian, JT
Snyder, CD
Young, JA
AF Julian, James T.
Snyder, Craig D.
Young, John A.
TI The use of artificial impoundments by two amphibian species in the
Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area
SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
ID FISH; SALAMANDER; PREDATORS; PONDS; COLONIZATION; AVOIDANCE; COMMUNITY;
CHOICE; FROGS
AB We compared breeding activity of Ambystoma maculatum (Spotted Salamander) and Rana sylvatica (Wood Frog) in artificial impoundments to patterns in natural wetlands over a three-year period in the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area. Rana sylvatica were 5.6 times more likely to use natural bodies of water for breeding than artificial impoundments, while A. maculattan were 2.7 times more likely to use natural bodies of water. Both species were approximately 9 times more likely to breed in fishless bodies of water than in waters with predatory fish. Ambystoma maculatum were 6 times more likely to breed in wetlands with more stable seasonal hydroperiods, while R. sylvatica were only 2 times more likely to do so. We conclude that the high likelihood of fish presence in impoundments was the primary explanation for why both species were less likely to use impoundments than natural wetlands, while the tendency of A. maculatum to avoid natural wetlands with shorter hydroperiods explained why differences in use between pond types was more pronounced for R. sylvatica.
C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, Penn State Cooperat Wetlands Ctr, University Pk, PA 16801 USA.
US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA.
RP Julian, JT (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, Penn State Cooperat Wetlands Ctr, 304 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16801 USA.
EM jjulian@usgs.gov
NR 28
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 8
PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST
PI STEUBEN
PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA
SN 1092-6194
J9 NORTHEAST NAT
JI Northeast. Nat
PY 2006
VL 13
IS 4
BP 459
EP 468
DI 10.1656/1092-6194(2006)13[459:TUOAIB]2.0.CO;2
PG 10
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 131CK
UT WOS:000243845400001
ER
PT J
AU Mohler, JW
Morrison, P
Haas, J
AF Mohler, Jerre W.
Morrison, Patricia
Haas, Jeff
TI The mussels of Muddy Creek on Erie National Wildlife Refuge
SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
AB A qualitative mussel survey was performed on Muddy Creek, a tributary to French Creek in Crawford County, PA, within the boundaries of the Erie National Wildlife Refuge. Riffle-run-pool sequences were sampled at 20 locations in the study area using visual and tactile timed-search techniques. Live specimens represented by 22 species were encountered at a rate of 54 individuals per person-hour and included the federally-endangered Pleurobema clava (clubshell) and Epioblasma torulosa rangiana (northern riffleshell) as well as four Pennsylvania state-imperiled species. Evidence of recruitment in the clubshell population was found in excavated quadrats and by hand-collecting. Brillouin diversity indices ranged from 0.35-2.88 over the study area, with a mean (SD) of 1.67 (0.59). The three most abundant species were Actinonaias ligamentina, Amblema plicata, and Lasmigona costata, while the three most rare were Anodontoides fierussacianus, E. torulosa rangiana, and Villosa fabalis. The high diversity of mussels along with the presence of federally listed and state-imperiled species warrants a pro-active approach to future protection of the aquatic resources of Muddy Creek.
C1 NE Fishery Ctr, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lamar, PA 16848 USA.
Ohio River Isl Natl Wildlife Refuge, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Parkersburg, WV 26101 USA.
Sequoyah Natl Wildlife Refuge, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Vian, OK 74962 USA.
RP Mohler, JW (reprint author), NE Fishery Ctr, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lamar, PA 16848 USA.
EM jerre_mohler@fws.gov
NR 12
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 7
PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST
PI STEUBEN
PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA
SN 1092-6194
J9 NORTHEAST NAT
JI Northeast. Nat
PY 2006
VL 13
IS 4
BP 569
EP 582
DI 10.1656/1092-6194(2006)13[569:TMOMCO]2.0.CO;2
PG 14
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 131CK
UT WOS:000243845400011
ER
PT J
AU Lee, H
Ryan, H
Kayen, RE
Haeussler, PJ
Dartnell, P
Hampton, MA
AF Lee, Homa
Ryan, Holly
Kayen, Robert E.
Haeussler, Peter J.
Dartnell, Peter
Hampton, Monty A.
TI Varieties of submarine failure morphologies of seismically-induced
landslides in Alaskan fjords
SO NORWEGIAN JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 2nd International Symposium on Submarine Mass Novements and Their
Consequences
CY SEP 05-07, 2005
CL Oslo, NORWAY
ID HAWAIIAN RIDGE
AB The Great Alaska Earthquake of 1964 caused major damage and 43 deaths in the coastal communities of Seward and Valdez. Most of these losses were caused by tsunamis that occurred immediately after the earthquake and were most likely induced by local submarine landslides. Recent NOAA multibeam bathymetric surveys near Seward and Valdez provide detailed information about the morphology of landslide deposits in both areas. High-resolution (chirp) surveys were conducted by the USGS, and sediment samples were taken over apparent landslide debris. Landslide deposits near Seward typically take the form of a series of large and small blocks lying directly off the front of the town, although there are indications of sandy and muddy debris flows occurring off river deltas. Near Valdez, landslide morphologies include at least three forms: a field of large blocks (up to 40 m high), an intricate series of gullies, channels, and talus near the fjord-head delta and a broad debris lobe that apparently flowed half-way down the cord and stopped. The 1964 landslide tsunamis may have been composites resulting from a number of landslide events.
C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Lee, H (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM hjlee@usg.gov
OI Haeussler, Peter/0000-0002-1503-6247
NR 17
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 1
U2 3
PU GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY NORWAY
PI TRONDHEIM
PA C/O NGU, 7491 TRONDHEIM, NORWAY
SN 0029-196X
J9 NORW J GEOL
JI Norw. J. Geol.
PY 2006
VL 86
IS 3
BP 221
EP 230
PG 10
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 109HY
UT WOS:000242300000008
ER
PT S
AU Martini, M
Butman, B
Ware, J
Frye, D
AF Martini, Marinna
Butman, Bradford
Ware, Jonathan
Frye, Dan
GP IEEE
TI Field tests of acoustic telemetry for a portable coastal observatory
SO OCEANS 2006, VOLS 1-4
SE OCEANS-IEEE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Oceans 2006 Conference
CY SEP 18-22, 2006
CL Boston, MA
AB Long-term field tests of a low-cost acoustic telemetry system were carried out at two sites in Massachusetts Bay. At each site, an acoustic Doppler current profiler mounted on a bottom tripod was fitted with an acoustic modem to transmit data to a surface buoy; electronics mounted on the buoy relayed these data to shore via radio modem. The mooring at one site (24 m water depth) was custom-designed for the telemetry application, with a custom designed small buoy, a flexible electro-mechanical buoy to mooring joint using a molded chain connection to the buoy, quick-release electro-mechanical couplings, and dual hydrophones suspended 7 m above the bottom. The surface buoy at the second site (33 m water depth) was a U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) channel buoy fitted with telemetry electronics and clamps to hold the hydrophones. The telemetry was tested in several configurations for a period of about four years. The custom-designed buoy and mooring provided nearly error-free data transmission through the acoustic link under a variety of oceanographic conditions for 261 days at the 24 m site. The electro mechanical joint, cables and couplings required minimal servicing and were very reliable, lasting 862 days deployed before needing repairs. The acoustic communication results from the USCG buoy were poor, apparently due to the hard cobble bottom, noise from the all-steel buoy, and failure of the hydrophone assembly. Access to the USCG buoy at sea required ideal weather.
C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Martini, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 0197-7385
BN 978-1-4244-0114-7
J9 OCEANS-IEEE
PY 2006
BP 857
EP 862
PG 6
WC Engineering, Ocean
SC Engineering
GA BGC33
UT WOS:000246002100155
ER
PT J
AU Palacios, MG
Martin, TE
AF Palacios, MG
Martin, TE
TI Incubation period and immune function: a comparative field study among
coexisting birds
SO OECOLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
DE blood parasites; development; immunocompetence; life history; passerines
ID SPARROWS PASSER-DOMESTICUS; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; BARN SWALLOWS;
EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; DEVELOPMENTAL RATES; SIBLING COMPETITION;
ALTRICIAL BIRDS; BLOOD PARASITES; AVIAN HEMATOZOA; PIED FLYCATCHER
AB Developmental periods are integral components of life history strategies that can have important fitness consequences and vary enormously among organisms. However, the selection pressures and mechanisms causing variation in length of developmental periods are poorly understood. Particularly puzzling are prolonged developmental periods, because their selective advantage is unclear. Here we tested the hypotheses that immune function is stronger in species that are attacked at a higher rate by parasites and that prolonged embryonic development allows the development of this stronger immune system. Through a comparative field study among 12 coexisting passerine bird species, we show that species with higher blood parasite prevalence mounted stronger cellular immune responses than species with lower prevalence. These results provide support for the hypothesis that species facing greater selection pressure from parasites invest more in immune function. However, species with longer incubation periods mounted weaker cellular immune responses than species with shorter periods. Therefore, cellular immune responses do not support the hypothesis that longer development time enhances immunocompentence. Future studies should assess other components of the immune system and test alternative causes of variation in incubation periods among bird species.
C1 Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
RP Palacios, MG (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50010 USA.
EM mgp@iastate.edu
RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011; Palacios, Maria/I-6140-2012
OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867;
NR 61
TC 31
Z9 31
U1 0
U2 16
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0029-8549
J9 OECOLOGIA
JI Oecologia
PD JAN
PY 2006
VL 146
IS 4
BP 505
EP 512
DI 10.1007/s00442-005-0220-3
PG 8
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 995ZX
UT WOS:000234145300001
PM 16217680
ER
PT J
AU Dyni, JR
AF Dyni, JR
TI Oil shale developments in the United States
SO OIL SHALE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Dyni, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
NR 0
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 5
PU ESTONIAN ACADEMY PUBLISHERS
PI TALLINN
PA ESTONIA BLVD 7, TALLINN 10143, ESTONIA
SN 0208-189X
J9 OIL SHALE
JI Oil Shale
PY 2006
VL 23
IS 2
BP 97
EP 98
PG 2
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA 056FJ
UT WOS:000238506600001
ER
PT J
AU Kvenvolden, KA
AF Kvenvolden, KA
TI Organic geochemistry - A retrospective of its first 70 years
SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY MAR 13-17, 2005
CL San Diego, CA
SP Amer Chem Soc
AB Organic geochemistry had its origin in the early part of the 20th century when organic chemists and geologists realized that detailed information on the organic materials in sediments and rocks was scientifically interesting and of practical importance. The generally acknowledged "father" of organic geochemistry is Alfred E. Treibs (1899-1983), who discovered and described, in 1936, porphyrin pigments in shale, coal, and crude oil, and traced the source of these molecules to their biological precursors. Thus, the year 1936 marks the beginning of organic geochemistry. However, formal organization of organic geochemistry dates from 1959 when the Organic Geochemistry Division (OGD) of The Geochemical Society was founded in the United States, followed 22 years later (1981) by the establishment of the European Association of Organic Geochemists (EAOG). Organic geochemistry (1) has its own journal, Organic Geochemistry (beginning in 1979) which, since 1988, is the official journal of the EAOG, (2) convenes two major conferences [International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry (IMOG), since 1962, and Gordon Research Conferences on Organic Geochemistry (GRC), since 1968] in alternate years, and (3) is the subject matter of several textbooks. Organic geochemistry is now a widely recognized geoscience in which organic chemistry has contributed significantly not only to geology (i.e., petroleum geochemistry, molecular stratigraphy) and biology (i.e., biogeochemistry), but also to other disciplines, such as chemical oceanography, environmental science, hydrology, biochemical ecology, archaeology, and cosmochemistry. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Mat Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
RP Kvenvolden, KA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM kkvenvolden@usgs.gov
NR 11
TC 7
Z9 9
U1 4
U2 29
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0146-6380
J9 ORG GEOCHEM
JI Org. Geochem.
PY 2006
VL 37
IS 1
BP 1
EP 11
DI 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2005.09.001
PG 11
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 006ES
UT WOS:000234879000001
ER
PT J
AU Greenwood, PF
Leenheer, JA
McIntyre, C
Berwick, L
Franzmann, PD
AF Greenwood, PF
Leenheer, JA
McIntyre, C
Berwick, L
Franzmann, PD
TI Bacterial biomarkers thermally released from dissolved organic matter
SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID TRAP MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GREAT-SALT-LAKE; INTACT BACTERIOHOPANEPOLYOLS;
CHEMICAL DEGRADATION; OXYGEN SEQUESTRATION; HYDROUS PYROLYSIS; SYSTEM
PYROLYSIS; CLOSED-SYSTEM; OIL-SHALE; GENERATION
AB Hopane biomarker products were detected using microscale sealed vessel (MSSV) pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of dissolved organic matter from natural aquatic systems colonised by bacterial populations. MSSV pyrolysis can reduce the polyhydroxylated alkyl side chain of bacteriohopanepolyols, yielding saturated hopane products which are more amenable to GC-MS detection than their functionalised precursors. This example demonstrates how the thermal conditions of MSSV pyrolysis can reduce the biologically-inherited structural functionality of naturally occurring organic matter such that additional structural fragments can be detected using GC methods. This approach complements traditional analytical pyrolysis methods by providing additional speciation information useful for establishing the structures and source inputs of recent or extant organic material. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 Curtin Univ Technol, CRC Water Qual & Treatment, Dept Appl Chem, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
CSIRO, Petr Resources, N Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia.
CSIRO Land & Water, Floreat, WA 6014, Australia.
RP Greenwood, PF (reprint author), Curtin Univ Technol, CRC Water Qual & Treatment, Dept Appl Chem, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
RI Greenwood, Paul/B-1050-2011; McIntyre, Cameron/D-1222-2016
OI McIntyre, Cameron/0000-0001-8517-9836
NR 49
TC 17
Z9 18
U1 1
U2 11
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0146-6380
J9 ORG GEOCHEM
JI Org. Geochem.
PY 2006
VL 37
IS 5
BP 597
EP 609
DI 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2005.12.009
PG 13
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 047JS
UT WOS:000237876200005
ER
PT J
AU Wiley, JW
AF Wiley, JW
TI The ecology, behavior, and conservation of a west indian corvid, the
white-necked crow (Corvus leucognaphalus)
SO ORNITOLOGIA NEOTROPICAL
LA English
DT Review
DE behavior; breeding; conservation; corvid; Corpus leucognaphalus;
Dominican Republic; ecology; extinction; extirpation; Haiti; Hispaniola;
Puerto Rico; vocalization; white-necked crow
ID NILE-VIRUS TRANSMISSION; COMMON RAVENS; AMERICAN CROWS; SOUTHWESTERN
IDAHO; NORTHWESTERN CROW; BREEDING BIOLOGY; ANTIPREDATOR BEHAVIOR;
SEROLOGIC EVIDENCE; SEXUAL DIMORPHISM; CANARY-ISLANDS
AB The White-necked Crow (Corvus leucognaphalus) formerly inhabited St. Croix, Puerto Rico, and Hispaniola. It survives only in Hispaniola, where populations are declining for some of the same reasons primarily responsible for its extirpation from Puerto Rico: habitat fragmentation and loss, and shooting. Egg and chick depredation by the Pearly-eyed Thrasher (Margarops fuscatus) was also important in the extirpation of the Puerto Rico population. I studied the crow in the Dominican Republic intermittently from 1974 to 2004. The species occupies a wide range of habitats, including wet coastal and montane forest, pine forest, cactus forest, mangrove swamp, and palm savanna. Its vocal behavior is complex and diverse, more like that of ravens than of crows. White-necked Crows fed on a wide variety of plant and animal matter. Foraging crows selected plant materials in 76.4% of my observations, whereas animals made up 51.6% of the food items delivered to nestlings. Core activity areas of three breeding pairs averaged 9.8 +/- 3.7 ha, whereas their average territory size was 5.5 +/- 5.2 ha. Nest budding began in late January. Nests were bulky structures placed high in trees. Eggs were incubated 18-22 days and the nestling period was 35-44 days.
C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA.
RP Wiley, JW (reprint author), Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Maryland Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 1120 Trigg Hall, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA.
EM jwwiley@mail.umes.edu
NR 143
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 3
U2 9
PU NEOTROPICAL ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY, USGS PATUXENT WILDLIFE RESEARCH
CENTER
PI ATHENS
PA UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA, WARNELL SCHOOL OF FOREST RESOURCES, ATHENS, GA
USA
SN 1075-4377
J9 ORNITOL NEOTROP
JI ORNITOL. NEOTROP.
PY 2006
VL 17
IS 1
BP 105
EP 146
PG 42
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 019IF
UT WOS:000235828100010
ER
PT J
AU Gleffe, JD
Collazo, JA
Groom, MJ
Miranda-Castro, L
AF Gleffe, JD
Collazo, JA
Groom, MJ
Miranda-Castro, L
TI Avian reproduction and the conservation value of shaded coffee
plantations
SO ORNITOLOGIA NEOTROPICAL
LA English
DT Article
DE agroecosystem; avian reproduction; Caribbean; conservation; Puerto Rico;
shaded coffee plantation
ID NEST PREDATION; BIRD POPULATIONS; PLANTED SHADE; SUN COFFEE; FOREST;
MEXICO; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS; SYSTEMS
AB Shaded coffee plantations have been heralded for their conservation value to avifauna. Most studies emphasize benefits to Neotropical migrants. Less is known about how resident species use plantations. It has been hypothesized that in Puerto Rico shaded coffee plantations served as a refuge for resident forest avifauna during periods of widespread deforestation, lowering extinction rates. Implicit in this hypothesis is that shaded coffee plantations harbor breeding populations. Accordingly, we report on reproductive activity and productivity of resident avifauna in plantations and compared them with similar data from secondary forests in Puerto Rico from 1997 to 1999. We found 253 nests in coffee plantations and 97 in secondary forests. Some of the most common nesting species were the endemics Todus mexicanus (53), Chlorostilbon maugaeus (27), Melanerpes portoricensis (16), and Anthracothorax viridis (12). Predation and nest abandonment each accounted for 38% of nest failures. The likelihood of nest success did not differ between secondary forest and coffee plantations for vireos, tanagers and hummingbirds. Similarly, the average number of young per nest attempt did not differ between habitat types for four species with sufficient data. Although the fate of fledglings (e.g., dispersal, survival) was not assessed, our findings lend support to the refugia hypothesis because the composition of resident species found nesting in shaded coffee plantations and secondary forests and their productivity were similar. The production capacity of shaded coffee plantations, however, is dependent on nesting substrates provided by the shade vegetation layer, not the understory or coffee trees.
C1 N Carolina State Univ, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
Univ Washington, Bothell, WA 98011 USA.
US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Branch Habitat Restorat, Partners Fish & Wildlife Program, Arlington, VA 22203 USA.
RP Collazo, JA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
EM Jaime_Collazo@ncsu.edu
NR 47
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 5
U2 25
PU NEOTROPICAL ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY, USGS PATUXENT WILDLIFE RESEARCH
CENTER
PI ATHENS
PA UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA, WARNELL SCHOOL OF FOREST RESOURCES, ATHENS, GA
USA
SN 1075-4377
J9 ORNITOL NEOTROP
JI ORNITOL. NEOTROP.
PY 2006
VL 17
IS 2
BP 271
EP 282
PG 12
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 050TH
UT WOS:000238110900010
ER
PT J
AU Vilella, FJ
Hengstenberg, DW
AF Vilella, Francisco J.
Hengstenberg, Derek W.
TI Broad-winged Hawk (Buteo platypterus brunnescens) movements and habitat
use in a moist limestone forest of Puerto Rico
SO ORNITOLOGIA NEOTROPICAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Broad-wing; Buteo platypterus brunnescens; dispersal; endangered; hawk;
homerange; habitat use; island; karst forest; movements; Puerto Rico
ID SPANISH IMPERIAL EAGLES; RED-SHOULDERED HAWKS; HOME-RANGE; SOUTHERN
CALIFORNIA; AVAILABILITY DATA; PRAIRIE FALCONS; DISPERSAL; BEHAVIOR;
SELECTION; TERRITORIES
AB The Broad-winged Hawk (Buteo plapterus brunnescens) is an endemic, non-migratory subspecies of the highly migratory nominate form. Broad-winged Hawks inhabit the interior montane forests of Puerto Rico and are listed as endangered. We studied the Broad-winged Hawk in Rio Abajo Forest and surrounding lands during 2001 and 2002. Adult and juvenile Broad-winged Hawks were trapped using a modified bal-chatri trap and a dho-gaza net. Nestlings were taken by hand from the nest. We collected morphometric measurements and radio-tagged eight Broad-winged Hawks. We obtained 884 locations from radio-tagged hawks and mapped territories of unmarked Broad-winged Hawk breeding pairs by direct observation from limestone hilltops. Telemetry locations per hawk averaged 105 (10-277) overall, with an average of 3.5 locations per bird per week. Transmitter life ranged from 31 to 464 days and averaged 218 days. Adult annual home range (95% kernel) averaged 213.1 ha, and ranged from 62.9-446.1 ha. Juvenile annual home range averaged 130.7 ha, and ranged from 48.2-250.9 ha. We recorded Broad-winged Hawks perched in 16 different tree species at an average height of 10.4 m. Tree species most frequently used as perches were Hibiscus elatus and Tectona grandis. Analysis indicated disproportional use of habitat by Broad-winged Hawks (P < 0.001). In our study area radio-tagged Broad-winged Hawks selected four of six available habitat associations. These included seasonal evergreen forest, montane forest, montane evergreen shrub, and regenerating forest. We identified three areas of high Broad-winged Hawk use in the periphery of Rio Abajo Forest that should be considered for protection or acquisition. We documented reduced dispersal by Broad-winged Hawk juveniles and suggest this is an adaptive response to insular conditions. Accepted 20 June 2006.
C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div,Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res U, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
RP Vilella, FJ (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div,Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res U, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
EM fvilella@cfr.msstate.edu; derek_hengstenberg@hotmail.com
NR 67
TC 4
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 12
PU NEOTROPICAL ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY, USGS PATUXENT WILDLIFE RESEARCH
CENTER
PI ATHENS
PA UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA, WARNELL SCHOOL OF FOREST RESOURCES, ATHENS, GA
USA
SN 1075-4377
J9 ORNITOL NEOTROP
JI ORNITOL. NEOTROP.
PY 2006
VL 17
IS 4
BP 563
EP 579
PG 17
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 117VF
UT WOS:000242900700007
ER
PT J
AU Nichols, DJ
Ott, HL
AF Nichols, Douglas J.
Ott, Henry L.
TI Neotypes for Paleocene species in the Momipites-Caryapollenites pollen
lineage
SO PALYNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE neotypes; taxonomy; pollen; Momipites; Caryapollenites; Paleocene
AB Neotypes are designated herein for certain Paleocene species of juglandaceous pollen that were originally described in 1978. The microscope slides bearing the holotypes have been lost, eliminating the possibility of designating lectotypes and necessitating, instead, the designation of neotype specimens to stabilize the nomenclature of the species, which are biostratigraphically significant. The species for which neotypes are designated are Momipites wyomingensis, Momipites waltmanensis, Momipites ventifluminis, Momipites actinus, Momipites anellus, Momipites leffingwellii, Caryapollenites prodromus, Caryapollenites imparalis, Caryapollenites inelegans, and Caryapollenites wodehousei.
C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Nichols, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 939,Box 25046 DFC, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM nichols@usgs.gov; hankott@msn.com
NR 13
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER ASSOC STRATIGRAPHIC PALYNOLOGISTS FOUNDATION
PI COLLEGE STATION
PA C/O VAUGHN M BRYANT, JR, PALNOLOGY LABORATORY, TEXAS A & M UNIV, COLLEGE
STATION, TX 77843-4352, UNITED STATES
SN 0191-6122
J9 PALYNOLOGY
JI Palynology
PY 2006
VL 30
BP 33
EP 41
DI 10.2113/gspalynol.30.1.33
PG 9
WC Plant Sciences; Paleontology
SC Plant Sciences; Paleontology
GA 125BB
UT WOS:000243415400002
ER
PT J
AU Nichols, DJ
Matsukawa, M
Ito, M
AF Nichols, D. J.
Matsukawa, M.
Ito, M.
TI An application of North American palynostratigraphy to East Asia: The
ages of some strata in the Tetori area of Japan
SO PALYNOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
Tokyo Gakugei Univ, Koganei, Tokyo 184, Japan.
Chiba Univ, Chiba 263, Japan.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ASSOC STRATIGRAPHIC PALYNOLOGISTS FOUNDATION
PI COLLEGE STATION
PA C/O VAUGHN M BRYANT, JR, PALNOLOGY LABORATORY, TEXAS A & M UNIV, COLLEGE
STATION, TX 77843-4352, UNITED STATES
SN 0191-6122
J9 PALYNOLOGY
JI Palynology
PY 2006
VL 30
BP 224
EP 225
PG 2
WC Plant Sciences; Paleontology
SC Plant Sciences; Paleontology
GA 125BB
UT WOS:000243415400040
ER
PT J
AU Hobbelen, PHF
Koolhaas, JE
van Gestel, CAM
AF Hobbelen, PHF
Koolhaas, JE
van Gestel, CAM
TI Effects of heavy metals on the litter consumption by the earthworm
Lumbricus rubellus in field soils
SO PEDOBIOLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
DE heavy metals; Lumbricus rubellus; litter consumption; bioavailability
ID DENDRODRILUS-RUBIDUS; BIOMARKER RESPONSES; CONTAMINATED SOILS;
EISENIA-FOETIDA; ORGANIC-MATTER; ZINC; COPPER; CADMIUM; ACCUMULATION;
POPULATIONS
AB Aim of this study was to determine effects of heavy metals on litter consumption by the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus in National Park the "Brabantsche Biesbosch", the Netherlands. Adult L. rubellus were collected from 12 polluted and from one unpolluted field site. Earthworms collected at the unpolluted site were kept in their native soil and in soil from each of the 12 Biesbosch sites. Earthworms collected in the Biesbosch were kept in their native soils. Non-polluted poplar (Populus sp.) titter was offered as a food source and litter consumption and earthworm biomass were determined after 54 days. Cd, Cu and Zn concentrations were determined in soil, pore water and 0.01 M CaCl(2) extracts of the soil and in earthworms. In spite of low available metal concentrations in the polluted soils, Cd, Cu and Zn concentrations in L. rubellus were increased. The litter consumption rate per biomass was positively related to internal Cd and Zn concentrations of earthworms collected from the Biesbosch and kept in native soil. A possible explanation is an increased demand for energy, needed for the regulation and detoxification of heavy metals. Litter consumption per biomass of earthworms from the reference site and kept in the polluted Biesbosch soils, was not related to any of the determined soil characteristics and metal concentrations. (c) 2005 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
C1 Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, Dept Anim Ecol, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands.
RP Hobbelen, PHF (reprint author), USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA.
EM phobbeten@usgs.gov
OI van Gestel, Kees/0000-0002-5651-0208
NR 43
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 14
PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG
PI JENA
PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY
SN 0031-4056
J9 PEDOBIOLOGIA
JI Pedobiologia
PY 2006
VL 50
IS 1
BP 51
EP 60
DI 10.1016/j.pedobi.2005.10.004
PG 10
WC Ecology; Soil Science
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture
GA 011BB
UT WOS:000235241500006
ER
PT J
AU Williams, MW
Knauf, M
Caine, N
Liu, F
Verplanck, PL
AF Williams, MW
Knauf, M
Caine, N
Liu, F
Verplanck, PL
TI Geochemistry and source waters of rock glacier outflow, Colorado Front
Range
SO PERMAFROST AND PERIGLACIAL PROCESSES
LA English
DT Article
DE rock glacier; chemistry; isotopes; deuterium excess; flowpaths
ID HIGH-ELEVATION CATCHMENT; GREEN LAKES VALLEY; MODELING STREAMWATER
CHEMISTRY; MOUNTAIN-NATIONAL-PARK; SOILWATER END-MEMBERS; HYDROGRAPH
SEPARATION; NITROGEN TRANSFORMATIONS; ALPINE ENVIRONMENT;
CONCEPTUAL-MODEL; SOLUTE CONTENT
AB We characterize the seasonal variation in the geochemical and isotopic content of the outflow of the Green Lake 5 rock glacier (RG5), located in the Green Lakes Valley of the Colorado Front Range, USA. Between June and August, the geochemical content of rock glacier outflow does not appear to differ substantially from that of other surface waters in the Green Lakes Valley. Thus, for this alpine ecosystem at this time of year there does not appear to be large differences in water quality among rock glacier outflow, glacier and blockslope discharge, and discharge from small alpine catchments. However, in September concentrations of Mg2+ in the outflow of the rock glacier increased to more than 900 mu eq L-1 compared to values of less than 40 mu eq L-1 at all the other sites, concentrations of Ca2+ were greater than 4,000 mu eq L-1 compared to maximum values of less than 200 mu eq L-1 at all other sites, and concentrations of SO42- reached 7,000 mu eq L-1, compared to maximum concentrations below 120 mu eq L-1 at the other sites. Inverse geochemical modelling suggests that dissolution of pyrite, epidote, chlorite and minor calcite as well as the precipitation of silica and goethite best explain these elevated concentrations of solutes in the outflow of the rock glacier. Three component hydrograph separation using end-member mixing analysis shows that melted snow comprised an average of 30% of RG5 outflow, soil water 32%, and base flow 38%. Snow was the dominant source water in June, soil water was the dominant water source in July, and base flow was the dominant source in September. Enrichment of 6180 from -10 parts per thousand in the outflow of the rock glacier compared to -20 parts per thousand. in snow and enrichment of deuterium excess from + 17.5 parts per thousand. in rock glacier outflow compared to +11 parts per thousand in snow, suggests that melt of internal ice that had undergone multiple melt/freeze episodes was the dominant source of base flow. Copyright (C) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Calif, Merced, CA USA.
US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
RP Williams, MW (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Campus Box 450, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM markw@snobear.colorado.edu
NR 80
TC 59
Z9 59
U1 0
U2 21
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI CHICHESTER
PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND
SN 1045-6740
J9 PERMAFROST PERIGLAC
JI Permafrost Periglacial Process.
PD JAN-MAR
PY 2006
VL 17
IS 1
BP 13
EP 33
DI 10.1002/ppp.535
PG 23
WC Geography, Physical; Geology
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 025CR
UT WOS:000236243400002
ER
PT J
AU Osterkamp, TE
Jorgenson, JC
AF Osterkamp, TE
Jorgenson, JC
TI Warming of permafrost in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska
SO PERMAFROST AND PERIGLACIAL PROCESSES
LA English
DT Article
DE permafrost; climate change; Alaska
ID CLIMATE
AB Permafrost borehole temperatures were measured in 1985, 1998, and 2004 on Barter Island near the village of Kaktovik and in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (Arctic NWR) north of the Brooks Range. These measurements indicate that the century-long warming documented for the central and western Arctic has also occurred in the region near Barter Island and in the northern Arctic NWR. At Kaktovik, the warming occurred during the second quarter of the 20th century or earlier and its magnitude exceeded 0.8 degrees C. A more recent warming (since the mid to late 1980s) similar to that in the central and western Arctic is also occurring on Barter Island and in the northern Arctic NWR. Near Kaktovik, the permafrost warmed about 2 to 3 degrees C from 1985 to 2004. In the northern Arctic NWR, on a line extending southward from Tapkaurak Point, it warmed about 1.5 to 2 degrees C from 1985 to 1998. If air temperatures warm 5 degrees C over the next century, as predicted, some of the permafrost in the northern Arctic NWR would be expected to thaw. Copyright (C) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK USA.
US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks, AK USA.
RP Osterkamp, TE (reprint author), 833 Highway WW, St Clair, MO 63077 USA.
EM tomeo@yhti.net
NR 8
TC 26
Z9 28
U1 1
U2 17
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI CHICHESTER
PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND
SN 1045-6740
J9 PERMAFROST PERIGLAC
JI Permafrost Periglacial Process.
PD JAN-MAR
PY 2006
VL 17
IS 1
BP 65
EP 69
DI 10.1002/ppp.538
PG 5
WC Geography, Physical; Geology
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 025CR
UT WOS:000236243400005
ER
PT S
AU Orndorff, RC
Weary, DJ
Harrison, RW
AF Orndorff, Randall C.
Weary, David J.
Harrison, Richard W.
BE Harmon, RS
Wicks, CM
TI The role of sandstone in the development of an Ozark karst system,
south-central Missouri
SO PERSPECTIVES ON KARST GEOMORPHOLOGY, HYDROLOGY, AND GEOCHEMISTRY
SE Geological Society of America Special Papers
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America
CY NOV 04, 2003
CL Seattle, WA
SP Geol Soc Amer
DE Ozark Plateaus Province; Salem Plateau; Missouri; geologic mapping;
speleogenesis
ID MORPHOLOGY; CAVES
AB Cave, spring, and sinkhole development in the Ozarks of south-central Missouri is placed in a geologic framework through detailed geologic mapping. Geologic mapping shows that initial dissolution and inception of cave development is concentrated just beneath sandstone beds within Upper Cambrian and Lower Ordovician dolostone. Although rocks of the Ozarks have systematic and pervasive vertical joints, the development of karst conduits is controlled by bedding planes and stratigraphic variability. In the Salem Plateau of south-central Missouri, sinkholes occur in the lower part of the Ordovician Roubidoux Formation, where sinkholes are rimmed with and contain sandstone that has collapsed into voids in the underlying Ordovician Gasconade Dolomite. Cave diving by the Ozark Cave Diving Alliance into Alley Spring, a large (average flow 3.7 m(3)/s) spring along the Jacks Fork in the Ozark National Scenic Riverways, shows that although the spring discharges from the middle part of the Gasconade, the source of water is a cave passage just beneath the Gunter Sandstone Member of the Gasconade Dolomite. Artesian conditions cause the upward movement of groundwater from cavernous dolostone beneath the sandstone aquitards to the large springs. We hypothesize that sandstone, which is largely impermeable due to silica cementation, acts as a confining unit where hydraulic pressure, combined with mixing of water of differing chemistry, increases dissolution in the underlying dolostone beds.
C1 [Orndorff, Randall C.; Weary, David J.; Harrison, Richard W.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Orndorff, RC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
NR 19
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 3
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC
PI BOULDER
PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA
SN 0072-1077
BN 978-0-8137-2404-1
J9 GEOL S AM S
PY 2006
VL 404
BP 31
EP 38
DI 10.1130/2006.2404(04)
PG 8
WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA BLW14
UT WOS:000271201000005
ER
PT S
AU Cunningham, KJ
Renken, RA
Wacker, MA
Zygnerski, MR
Robinson, E
Shapiro, AM
Wingard, GL
AF Cunningham, Kevin J.
Renken, Robert A.
Wacker, Michael A.
Zygnerski, Michael R.
Robinson, Edward
Shapiro, Allen M.
Wingard, G. Lynn
BE Harmon, RS
Wicks, CM
TI Application of carbonate cyclostratigraphy and borehole geophysics to
delineate porosity and preferential flow in the karst limestone of the
Biscayne aquifer, SE Florida
SO PERSPECTIVES ON KARST GEOMORPHOLOGY, HYDROLOGY, AND GEOCHEMISTRY
SE Geological Society of America Special Papers
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America
CY NOV 04, 2003
CL Seattle, WA
SP Geol Soc Amer
DE carbonate cyclostratigraphy; borehole geophysics; karst; hydrogeology;
Florida
ID FORAMINIFERAL ASSEMBLAGES; PERMEABILITY; USA
AB Combined analyses of cores, borehole geophysical logs, and cyclostratigraphy produced a new conceptual hydrogeologic framework for the triple-porosity (matrix, touching-vug, and conduit porosity) karst limestone of the Biscayne aquifer in a 0.65 km(2) study area, SE Florida. Vertical lithofacies successions, which have recurrent stacking patterns, fit within high-frequency cycles. We define three ideal high-frequency cycles as: (1) upward-shallowing subtidal cycles, (2) upward-shallowing paralic cycles, and (3) aggradational subtidal cycles. Digital optical borehole images, tracers, and flow meters indicate that there is a predictable vertical pattern of porosity and permeability within the three ideal cycles, because the distribution of porosity and permeability is related to lithofacies. Stratiform zones of high permeability commonly occur just above flooding surfaces in the lower part of upward-shallowing subtidal and paralic cycles, forming preferential groundwater flow zones. Aggradational subtidal cycles are either mostly high-permeability zones or leaky, low-permeability units. In the study area, groundwater flow within stratiform high-permeability zones is through a secondary pore system of touching-vug porosity principally related to molds of burrows and pelecypods and to interburrow vugs. Movement of a dye-tracer pulse observed using a borehole fluid-temperature tool during a conservative tracer test indicates heterogeneous permeability. Advective movement of the tracer appears to be most concentrated within a thin stratiform flow zone contained within the lower part of a high-frequency cycle, indicating a distinctly high relative permeability for this zone. Borehole flow-meter measurements corroborate the relatively high permeability of the flow zone. Identification and mapping of such high-permeability flow zones is crucial to conceptualization of karst groundwater flow within a cyclostratigraphic framework. Many karst aquifers are included in cyclic platform carbonates. Clearly, a cyclostratigraphic approach that translates carbonate aquifer heterogeneity into a consistent framework of correlative units will improve simulation of karst groundwater flow.
C1 [Cunningham, Kevin J.; Renken, Robert A.; Wacker, Michael A.; Zygnerski, Michael R.] US Geol Survey, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33315 USA.
RP Cunningham, KJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33315 USA.
OI Cunningham, Kevin/0000-0002-2179-8686
NR 52
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 6
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC
PI BOULDER
PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA
SN 0072-1077
BN 978-0-8137-2404-1
J9 GEOL S AM S
PY 2006
VL 404
BP 191
EP 208
DI 10.1130/2006.2404(16)
PG 18
WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA BLW14
UT WOS:000271201000017
ER
PT J
AU Gellis, AC
Webb, RMT
McIntyre, SC
Wolfe, WJ
AF Gellis, Allen C.
Webb, Rick M. T.
McIntyre, Sherwood C.
Wolfe, William J.
TI Land-use effects on erosion, sediment yields, and reservoir
sedimentation: A case study in the Lago Loiza Basin, Puerto Rico
SO PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE erosion; reservoir sedimentation; land use; Puerto Rico
ID SOIL-EROSION; MANAGEMENT
AB Lago Loiza impounded in 1953 to supply San Juan, Puerto Rico, with drinking water; by 1994, it had lost 47% of its capacity. To characterize sedimentation in Lago Loiza, a study combining land-use history, hillslope erosion rates, and subbasin sediment yields was conducted. Sedimentation rates during the early part of the reservoir's operation (19531963) were slightly higher than the rates during 1964-1990. In the early history of the reservoir, cropland comprised 48% of the basin and erosion rates were high. Following economic shifts during the 1960s, cropland was abandoned and replaced by forest, which increased from 7.6% in 1950 to 20.6% in 1987. These land-use changes follow a pattern similar to the northeastern United States. Population in the Lago Loiza Basin increased 77% from 1950 to 1990, and housing units increased 194%. Sheetwash erosion measured from 1991 to 1993 showed construction sites had the highest sediment concentration (61,400 ppm), followed by cropland (47,400 ppm), pasture (3510 ppm), and forest (2050 ppm). This study illustrates how a variety of tools and approaches can be used to understand the complex interaction between land use, upland erosion, fluvial sediment transport and storage, and reservoir sedimentation.
C1 US Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD 21237 USA.
US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
RP Gellis, AC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 8987 Yellow Brick Rd, Baltimore, MD 21237 USA.
NR 89
TC 11
Z9 12
U1 4
U2 15
PU V H WINSTON & SON INC
PI PALM BEACH
PA 360 SOUTH OCEAN BLVD, PH-B, PALM BEACH, FL 33480 USA
SN 0272-3646
J9 PHYS GEOGR
JI Phys. Geogr.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2006
VL 27
IS 1
BP 39
EP 69
DI 10.2747/0272-3646.27.1.39
PG 31
WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences,
Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology;
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 068VW
UT WOS:000239403600002
ER
PT J
AU St-Laurent, F
Derr, JS
Freund, FT
AF St-Laurent, France
Derr, John S.
Freund, Friedemann T.
TI Earthquake lights and the stress-activation of positive hole charge
carriers in rocks
SO PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF THE EARTH
LA English
DT Article
DE earthquake lights; seismo-electromagnetic phenomena; positive hole
(p-hole); p-type semiconductor; solid state plasma
ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; EMISSION; QUEBEC
AB Earthquake-related luminous phenomena (also known as earthquake lights) may arise from (1) the stress-activation of positive hole (p-hole) charge carriers in igneous rocks and (2) the accumulation of high charge carrier concentrations at asperities in the crust where the stress rates increase very rapidly as an earthquake approaches. It is proposed that, when a critical charge carrier concentration is reached, the p-holes form a degenerated solid state plasma that can break out of the confined rock volume and propagate as a rapidly expanding charge cloud. Upon reaching the surface the charge cloud causes dielectric breakdown at the air-rock interface, i.e. corona discharges, accompanied by the emission of light and high frequency electromagnetic radiation. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
San Jose State Univ, Dept Phys, San Jose, CA 95192 USA.
US Geol Survey, Albuquerque Seismol Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87198 USA.
RP Freund, FT (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM france.st-laurent@csmb.qc.ca; derr@usgs.gov; ffreund@mail.arc.nasa.gov
NR 23
TC 32
Z9 32
U1 2
U2 6
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1474-7065
J9 PHYS CHEM EARTH
JI Phys. Chem. Earth
PY 2006
VL 31
IS 4-9
BP 305
EP 312
DI 10.1016/j.pce.2006.02.003
PG 8
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences;
Water Resources
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
GA 062AY
UT WOS:000238917900024
ER
PT J
AU Davis, JA
Curtis, GP
Wilkins, MJ
Kohler, M
Fox, P
Naftz, DL
Lloyd, JR
AF Davis, James A.
Curtis, Gary P.
Wilkins, Michael J.
Kohler, Matthias
Fox, Patricia
Naftz, David L.
Lloyd, Jonathan R.
TI Processes affecting transport of uranium in a suboxic aquifer
SO PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF THE EARTH
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 10th International Conference on Chemistry and Migration of Actinides
and Fission Products
CY SEP 18-23, 2005
CL Avignon, FRANCE
SP Commissariat Energie Atom, CNRS
DE uranium; sorption; reduction; bacteria; sediments; iron
ID SURFACE COMPLEXATION MODEL; REDUCTION; ADSORPTION; SEDIMENTS; BACTERIA;
SORPTION; ACETATE; FE(III); SITE
AB At the Naturita site in Colorado, USA, groundwaters were sampled and analyzed for chemical composition and by culture and culture-independent microbiological techniques. In addition, sediments were extracted with a dilute sodium carbonate solution to determine quantities of labile uranium within the sediments. Samples from the upgradient portion of the contaminated aquifer, where very little dissolved Fe(II) is found in the groundwater, have uranium content that is controlled by U(VI) adsorption and few metal-reducing bacteria are observed. In the extreme downgradient portion of the aquifer, where dissolved Fe(II) is observed, uranium content of the sediments includes significant quantities of reduced U(IV) and diverse populations of Fe(III)-reducing bacteria were present in the subsurface with the potential of reducing U(VI) to U(IV). (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England.
Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA.
RP Davis, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS465, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM jadavis@usgs.gov
RI Wilkins, Michael/A-9358-2013
NR 23
TC 19
Z9 20
U1 1
U2 7
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1474-7065
J9 PHYS CHEM EARTH
JI Phys. Chem. Earth
PY 2006
VL 31
IS 10-14
BP 548
EP 555
DI 10.1016/j.pce.2006.04.005
PG 8
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences;
Water Resources
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
GA 082KR
UT WOS:000240386200009
ER
PT S
AU Yanko-Hombach, V
Koral, H
Avsar, N
Motnenko, I
McGann, M
AF Yanko-Hombach, Valentina
Koral, Hayrettin
Avsar, Niyazi
Motnenko, Irena
McGann, Mary
BE Dilek, Y
Pavlides, S
TI Geomorphological, depositional, and foraminiferal indicators of late
Quaternary tectonic uplift in Iskenderun Bay, Turkey
SO POSTCOLLISIONAL TECTONICS AND MAGMATISM IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION AND
ASIA
SE Geological Society of America Special Papers
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 4th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology
CY APR, 2004
CL Thessaloniki, GREECE
DE Iskenderun Bay; late Quaternary foraminifera; lithotypes; tectonics;
sedimentation rate
ID BENTHIC EPIPHYTIC FORAMINIFERA; SOUTHEASTERN TURKEY; MEDITERRANEAN-SEA;
HEAVY-METALS; MARMARA SEA; BLACK-SEA; GULF; COLLISION; SEDIMENTS;
HOLOCENE
AB Iskenderun Bay is a major shallow embayment in the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea, where the African and Anatolian Plates converge. This tectonically active basin was investigated for oceanographic, sedimentological, geochemical, and foraminiferal parameters. On the basis of the data acquired, the distribution of living and fossil foraminifera in 284 grab and 54 gravity core samples was determined, the basin floor bathymetry of the bay constructed, radiocarbon ages of sediments and fossils ascertained, and depositional environments reconstructed. It has been discovered that for the last 13.5 k.y., water masses were stratified and sedimentation was discontinuous within the basin, which is characterized by irregular sea bottom morphology. The sedimentation rate was very slow, varying in time and space from 0 to 0.012 cm yr(-1). The foraminiferal distributions were spatially varied and discontinuous and indicate a reversal from deep to shallow marine conditions in the cores. These irregularities were attributed to active tectonics in the bay and a major tectonic uplift of the bay since the late Pleistocene.
C1 [Yanko-Hombach, Valentina; Motnenko, Irena] Avalon Inst Appl Sci, Charleswood Technol Ctr, 3227 Roblin Blvd, Winnipeg, MB R3R 0C2, Canada.
[Koral, Hayrettin] Istanbul Univ, Dept Geol, TR-34850 Adana, Turkey.
[Avsar, Niyazi] Cukurova Univ, Dept Geolog Engn, TR-01330 Adana, Turkey.
[McGann, Mary] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Yanko-Hombach, V (reprint author), Avalon Inst Appl Sci, Charleswood Technol Ctr, 3227 Roblin Blvd, Winnipeg, MB R3R 0C2, Canada.
EM valyan@avalon-institute.org; hkoral@istanbul.edu.tr;
avsarn@mail.cu.edu.tr; irmot@avalon-institute.org; mmcgann@usgs.gov
RI Yanko-Hombach, Valentina/J-7341-2015
OI Yanko-Hombach, Valentina/0000-0003-4933-5066
FU EU [AVI CT92-0007]
FX This study was supported by an EU grant (AVICENNE Program, AVI
CT92-0007). Our special thanks to the officers and crew of the R/V
Koca Piri Reis for their assistance and data acquisition. D.
Basso, E. Meric, and S. Spezzafferri are gratefully acknowledged for
their collaboration during cruises AVI-2 and AVI-4. M. Ergin, University
of Ankara, Turkey, and C. Ioakeim, Institute of Geology and Mineral
Exploration, Greece, are gratefully acknowledged for their scientific
review of the manuscript. We sincerely thank J.C. Vogel, Quaternary
Dating Research Unit, South Africa, and N. Kovalyukh and V. Skripkin,
Kiev Radiocarbon Laboratory, Ukraine, for radiocarbon analysis
andconstructive discussion of obtained results. We thank J. Kronfeld,
Tel Aviv University, Israel, for his comments and criticism.
NR 86
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC
PI BOULDER
PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA
SN 0072-1077
J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP
PY 2006
VL 409
BP 591
EP 614
DI 10.1130/2006.2409(27)
PG 24
WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA BLX22
UT WOS:000271264900027
ER
PT J
AU Ascher, JS
Ganibino, P
Droege, S
AF Ascher, JS
Ganibino, P
Droege, S
TI Adventive Hylaeus (Spatulariella Popov) in the New World (Hymenoptera :
Apoidea : Colletidae)
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, New York, NY 10024 USA.
USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP Ascher, JS (reprint author), Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, New York, NY 10024 USA.
EM ascher@amnh.org
RI Ascher, John/D-1554-2014
NR 5
TC 2
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON
PI WASHINGTON
PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA
SN 0013-8797
J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH
JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash.
PD JAN
PY 2006
VL 108
IS 1
BP 237
EP 239
PG 3
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 001WA
UT WOS:000234572200025
ER
PT J
AU Condie, SA
Sherwood, CR
AF Condie, Scott A.
Sherwood, Christopher R.
TI Sediment distribution and transport across the continental shelf and
slope under idealized wind forcing
SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Review
DE sediment transport; shelf; upwelling; downwelling; settling;
resuspension; deposition
ID COORDINATE OCEAN MODELS; SOUTH-EASTERN AUSTRALIA; PRESSURE-GRADIENT
FORCE; SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; UPWELLING CIRCULATION; INNER SHELF; BOTTOM;
PARTICLES; DYNAMICS; FLUXES
AB Resuspension, transport, and deposition of sediments over the continental shelf and slope are complex processes and there is still a need to understand the underlying spatial and temporal dynamical scales. As a step towards this goal, a two-dimensional slice model (zero gradients in the alongshore direction) based on the primitive flow equations and a range of sediment classes has been developed. The circulation is forced from rest by upwelling or downwelling winds, which are spatially uniform. Results are presented for a range of wind speeds and sediment settling speeds. Upwelling flows carry fine sediments (low settling speeds) far offshore within the surface Ekman layer, and significant deposition eventually occurs beyond the shelf break. However, coarser sediments quickly settle out of the deeper onshore component of the circulation, which can lead to accumulation of bottom sediments within the coastal zone. Downwelling flows are more effective at transporting coarse sediments off the shelf. However, strong vertical mixing at the shelf break ensures that some material is also carried into the surface Ekman layer and returned onshore. The concentrations and settling fluxes of coarse sediments decrease offshore and increase with depth under both upwelling and downwelling conditions, consistent with trends observed in sediment trap data. However, finer sediments decrease with depth (upwelling) or reach a maximum around the depth of the shelf break (downwelling). It is shown that under uniform wind conditions, suspended sediment concentrations and settling fluxes decay offshore over a length scale of order tau(s)/rho f/w(s)\, where tau(s) is the wind stress, rho the water density, f the Coriolis parameter, and w(s) is the sediment settling velocity. This scaling applies to both upwelling and downwelling conditions, provided offshore transport is dominated by wind-driven advection, rather than horizontal diffusion. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Condie, SA (reprint author), CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
EM scott.condie@csiro.au; csherwood@usgs.gov
RI Condie, Scott/C-2953-2012
NR 56
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 5
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0079-6611
J9 PROG OCEANOGR
JI Prog. Oceanogr.
PY 2006
VL 70
IS 2-4
BP 255
EP 270
DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2005.07.003
PG 16
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 093LO
UT WOS:000241170000010
ER
PT J
AU Suryan, RM
Irons, DB
Brown, ED
Jodice, PGR
Roby, DD
AF Suryan, RM
Irons, DB
Brown, ED
Jodice, PGR
Roby, DD
TI Site-specific effects on productivity of an upper trophic-level marine
predator: Bottom-up, top-down, and mismatch effects on reproduction in a
colonial seabird
SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Review
DE bottom-up; top-down; match/mismatch; forage fish abundance; seabird
reproduction; predator-prey relationships
ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; BLACK-LEGGED KITTIWAKES; SOUTHEASTERN BERING SEA;
RISSA-TRIDACTYLA; CLUPEA-PALLASI; NORTH-SEA; GEOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE;
COMMUNITY REGULATION; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; BREEDING FAILURE
AB We investigated the relative roles of bottom-up and top-down factors in limiting productivity of an upper trophic level marine predator. Our primary working hypothesis was that the reproductive success of black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) a piscivorous, colonial-nesting seabird, was most limited by the abundance, distribution, and species composition of surface-schooling forage fishes. A secondary working hypothesis was that reproductive loss to kittiwake nest predators was greatest during years of reduced prey availability. We report on a broad-scale, integrated study of kittiwakes and their prey in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Our study spanned five breeding seasons (1995-1999) and focused on three colonies that differed in size (ranging from ca. 220 to ca. 7000 breeding pairs) and proximity to each other (50-135 km apart). Kittiwakes in PWS encountered a variety of aquatic habitats, creating a complex foraging environment for breeding birds. We measured kittiwake reproductive success and foraging activities, while simultaneously measuring the abundance of surface schooling forage fishes throughout the foraging range of breeding kittiwakes. The abundance of primary prey species for kittiwakes (Pacific herring Clupea pallasi, Pacific sand lance Ammodytes hexapterus, and capelin Mallotus villosus) varied both annually and regionally, with no one region consistently having the greatest abundance of prey. Likewise, kittiwake reproductive success varied considerably among colonies and years.
We found that bottom-up, top-down, timing mismatch, and colony-specific effects were all important to kittiwake productivity. Although bottom-up effects appeared to be strongest, they were not evident in some cases until other effects, such as geographic location (proximity of colony to prey concentrations) and top-down predation, were considered. Important bottom-up effects on kittiwake reproductive success were not only total prey abundance and distribution, but also species, age composition, and chronology of prey occurrence (match/mismatch of timing with critical brood-rearing periods); these effects varied by colony.
Top-down effects of predation on kittiwake nest contents (independent of prey abundance) confounded seabird-forage fish relationships. Ultimately, when confounding factors were minimized, non-linear asymptotic relationships were identified between kittiwakes and their prey, with an asymptotic threshold of fish school surface area density of ca. 5 m(2) /km(2), beyond which top-down, physiological, or phylogenetic constraints likely restrict further reproductive output. The integrated approach of our investigations provided a more thorough understanding of the mechanisms underlying predator-prey relationships in the complex marine environment. However, such mechanistic theories can only be tested and refined through long-term research and monitoring of much greater duration than the 5-year study reported herein. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, USGS Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
RP Suryan, RM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, USGS Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
EM rob.suryan@oregonstate.edu
NR 90
TC 22
Z9 25
U1 4
U2 34
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0079-6611
J9 PROG OCEANOGR
JI Prog. Oceanogr.
PY 2006
VL 68
IS 2-4
BP 303
EP 328
DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2006.02.006
PG 26
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 040DQ
UT WOS:000237359600011
ER
PT J
AU Amoroso, L
AF Amoroso, L
TI Age calibration of carbonate rind thickness in late Pleistocene soils
for surficial deposit age estimation, Southwest USA
SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE carbonate rinds; rock coatings; surface age; chronosequence; carbonate
cutan
ID PEDOGENIC CARBONATE; DESERT SOILS; MOJAVE-DESERT; CALIFORNIA; NEVADA;
COATINGS; PLATEAU; HISTORY; VALLEY; BASIN
AB Carbonate rinds have been used for cross-correlation of landforms as well as a quantitative indicator of soil age. Using the measured rind thickness of clasts found within a deposit, whose age has been independently determined, allows the construction of a calibrated surface-age proxy. Measurements were taken at sites within the Mojave Desert, the northwestern Sonoran Desert, the southern Great Basin, and the western Colorado Plateau. These sites are all within about 300 km of the intersection of the borders of the states of California, Arizona, and Nevada. In the study area, elevation varied from 200 to 1200 in, MAP was from 95 to 195 mm, and MAT was from 18.4 degrees to 23.3 degrees C. The 2 calibrated proxy, while not accounting for the effects of parent material or climate on rind development, does show a strong correlation (R 0.74, P < 0.05) between carbonate rind thickness and surface age for deposits of late to middle Pleistocene age. The calibrated chronosequence, rind thickness = 0.0889 + 0.0079 [surface age]), is in general valid over a large region of southwestern United States. This statistical relation suggests that parent material, climate, and elevation may not be as strong a control on carbonate accumulation as is age for younger soils. Published by University of Washington.
C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
RP Amoroso, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
EM lamoroso@usgs.gov
NR 35
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 4
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0033-5894
J9 QUATERNARY RES
JI Quat. Res.
PD JAN
PY 2006
VL 65
IS 1
BP 172
EP 178
DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2005.06.003
PG 7
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 003PF
UT WOS:000234693400017
ER
PT J
AU Argyilan, EP
Forman, SL
Johnston, JW
Wilcox, DA
AF Argyilan, EP
Forman, SL
Johnston, JW
Wilcox, DA
TI Optically stimulated luminescence dating of late holocene raised
strandplain sequences adjacent to Lakes Michigan and Superior, Upper
Peninsula, Michigan, USA (vol 63, pg 122, 2005)
SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH
LA English
DT Correction
C1 Indiana Univ NW, Dept Geosci, Gary, IN 46408 USA.
Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA.
Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
US Geol Survey, Dept Interior, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
RP Argyilan, EP (reprint author), Indiana Univ NW, Dept Geosci, 3400 Broadway,Marram 243, Gary, IN 46408 USA.
EM eargyila@iun.edu
NR 1
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 4
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0033-5894
J9 QUATERNARY RES
JI Quat. Res.
PD JAN
PY 2006
VL 65
IS 1
BP 187
EP 187
DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2005.07.001
PG 1
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 003PF
UT WOS:000234693400019
ER
PT J
AU Ochs, M
Davis, JA
Olin, M
Payne, TE
Tweed, CJ
Askarieh, MM
Altmann, S
AF Ochs, M.
Davis, J. A.
Olin, M.
Payne, T. E.
Tweed, C. J.
Askarieh, M. M.
Altmann, S.
TI Use of thermodynamic sorption models to derive radionuclide K-d values
for performance assessment: selected results and recommendations of the
NEA sorption project
SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 10th International Conference on Chemistry and Migration of Actinides
and Fission Products
CY SEP 18-23, 2005
CL Avignon, FRANCE
SP Commissariat Energie Atom, CNRS
DE radioactive waste; sorption models; K-d value; uncertainty; surface
complexation
ID SURFACE COMPLEXATION; MONTMORILLONITE; ADSORPTION; TITRATION; ZN; NI
AB For the safe final disposal and/or long-term storage of radioactive wastes, deep or near-surface underground repositories are being considered world-wide. A central safety feature is the prevention, or sufficient retardation, of radionuclide (RN) migration to the biosphere. To this end, radionuclide sorption is one of the most important processes. Decreasing the uncertainty in radionuclide sorption may contribute significantly to reducing the overall uncertainty of a performance assessment (PA).
For PA, sorption is typically characterised by distribution coefficients (K-d values). The conditional nature of Kd requires different estimates of this parameter for each set of geochemical conditions of potential relevance in a RN's migration pathway. As it is not feasible to measure sorption for every set of conditions, the derivation of K-d for PA must rely on data derived from representative model systems. As a result, uncertainty in Kd is largely caused by the need to derive values for conditions not explicitly addressed in experiments.
The recently concluded NEA Sorption Project [1] showed that thermodynamic sorption models (TSMs) are uniquely suited to derive K-d as a function of conditions, because they allow a direct coupling of sorption with variable solution chemistry and mineralogy in a thermodynamic framework. The results of the project enable assessment of the suitability of various TSM approaches for PA-relevant applications as well as of the potential and limitations of TSMs to model RN sorption in complex systems.
C1 BMG Engn Ltd, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland.
US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
Univ Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia.
United Kingdom Nirex Ltd, Harwell OX11 0RH, Oxon, England.
ANDRA, F-92298 Chatenay Malabry, France.
RP Ochs, M (reprint author), BMG Engn Ltd, Ifangstr 11, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland.
EM michael.ochs@bmgeng.ch
RI Payne, Timothy/F-2545-2010
OI Payne, Timothy/0000-0002-3502-7567
NR 28
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 8
PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH
PI BERLIN
PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 0033-8230
J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA
JI Radiochim. Acta
PY 2006
VL 94
IS 9-11
BP 779
EP 785
DI 10.1524/ract.2006.94.9.779
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA 149FY
UT WOS:000245133700041
ER
PT J
AU Aldridge, CL
Boyce, MS
AF Aldridge, CL
Boyce, MS
TI Silver sagebrush community associations in southeastern Alberta, Canada.
SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID SOUTH-CENTRAL WASHINGTON; GREATER SAGE-GROUSE; BROOD HABITAT USE;
MANAGEMENT; PREDATION; SELECTION; PAPER; NESTS
C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada.
RP Aldridge, CL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
EM cameron_aldridge@usgs.gov
RI Aldridge, Cameron /F-4025-2011; Boyce, Mark/A-2620-2014;
OI Boyce, Mark/0000-0001-5811-325X; Aldridge, Cameron/0000-0003-3926-6941
NR 22
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 4
PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT
PI LAKEWOOD
PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA
SN 1550-7424
J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG
JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag.
PD JAN
PY 2006
VL 59
IS 1
BP 107
EP 108
DI 10.2111/05-101R1.1
PG 2
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 006NV
UT WOS:000234905100013
ER
PT J
AU Coplen, TB
Brand, WA
Gehre, M
Groning, M
Meijer, HAJ
Toman, B
Verkouteren, RM
AF Coplen, Tyler B.
Brand, Willi A.
Gehre, Matthias
Groning, Manfred
Meijer, Harro A. J.
Toman, Blaza
Verkouteren, R. Michael
TI After two decades a second anchor for the VPDB delta C-13 scale
SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID ORGANIC REFERENCE MATERIALS
C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07701 Jena, Germany.
UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Labor Stabile Isotope, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
IAEA, Isotope Hydrol Lab, A-1400 Vienna, Austria.
Univ Groningen, CIO, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands.
NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Coplen, TB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 431 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
EM tbcoplen@usgs.gov
RI Meijer, Harro/A-5787-2012; Brand, Willi/D-2043-2009
NR 9
TC 86
Z9 86
U1 1
U2 23
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0951-4198
J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP
JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom.
PY 2006
VL 20
IS 21
BP 3165
EP 3166
DI 10.1002/rcm.2727
PG 2
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy
GA 099WD
UT WOS:000241627000001
PM 17016833
ER
PT B
AU Leahy, PP
AF Leahy, P. Patrick
BE Birch, EL
Wachter, SM
TI Natural Hazards Science-A Matter of Public Safety
SO REBUILDING URBAN PLACES AFTER DISASTER: LESSONS FROM HURRICANE KATRINA
SE City in the Twenty-First Century
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
C1 [Leahy, P. Patrick] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA.
RP Leahy, PP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA.
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV PENNSYLVANIA PRESS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 3905 SPRUCE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA
BN 978-0-8122-1980-7
J9 CITY 21ST CENTURY
PY 2006
BP 78
EP 86
PG 9
WC Architecture; Urban Studies
SC Architecture; Urban Studies
GA BLD89
UT WOS:000269989900006
ER
PT S
AU Constantz, J
Su, GW
Hatch, C
AF Constantz, J
Su, GW
Hatch, C
BE Hubbs, SA
TI Heat as a ground-water tracer at the Russian River RBF facility, Sonoma
County, California
SO RIVERBANK FILTRATION HYDROLOGY
SE NATO Science Series IV-Earth and Environmental Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT NATO Advanced Reseaech Workshop on Riverbank Filtration Hydrology
CY SEP, 2004
CL Bratislava, SLOVAKIA
SP NATO, Public Diplomacy Div
DE heat; temperature; water levels; hydraulic conductivity; infiltration;
streambed clogging
ID TEMPERATURE-DEPTH PROFILES; STREAMFLOW; DURATION; BENEATH
AB Temperature is routinely collected as a water quality parameter, but only recently utilized as an environmental tracer of stream exchanges with ground water (Stonestrom and Constantz, 2003). In this paper, water levels and seasonal temperatures were used to estimate streambed hydraulic conductivities and water fluxes. Temperatures and water levels were analyzed from 3 observation wells near the Russian River RBF facility, north of Forestville, Sonoma County, CA. In addition, 9 shallow piezometers were installed in 3 cross-sections across the stream near a pair of collector wells at the RBF facility. Hydraulic conductivities and fluxes were estimated by matching simulated ground-water temperatures to the observed ground-water temperatures with an inverse modeling approach. Using temperature measurements in the shallow piezometers from 0.1 to 1.0 m below the channel, estimates of infiltration indicated a distinct area of streambed clogging near one of the RBF collector wells. For the deeper observation wells, temperature probes were located at depths between 3.5 m to 7.1 m below the channel. Estimated conductivities varied over an order of magnitude, with anisotropies of 5 (horizontal to vertical hydraulic conductivity) generally providing the best fit to observed temperatures.
C1 US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
Univ Calif, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
RP US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
NR 20
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 8
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1568-1238
BN 1-4020-3936-0
J9 NATO SCI S SS IV EAR
JI NATO Sci. Series IV Earth Environ. Sciences
PY 2006
VL 60
BP 243
EP +
PG 3
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Geology; Water Resources
GA BDZ48
UT WOS:000236349900011
ER
PT J
AU Geist, EL
Titov, VV
Synolakis, CE
AF Geist, EL
Titov, VV
Synolakis, CE
TI Tsunami: Wave of change
SO SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN
LA English
DT Article
C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Geist, EL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RI Synolakis, Costas/B-3197-2008;
OI Synolakis, Costas/0000-0003-0140-5379; Titov, Vasily/0000-0002-1630-3829
NR 1
TC 40
Z9 40
U1 1
U2 9
PU SCI AMERICAN INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 415 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 0036-8733
J9 SCI AM
JI Sci.Am.
PD JAN
PY 2006
VL 294
IS 1
BP 56
EP 63
PG 8
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 994KH
UT WOS:000234030200032
PM 16468434
ER
PT S
AU Horowitz, AJ
AF Horowitz, Arthur J.
BE Rowan, JS
Duck, RW
Werritty, A
TI The effect of the "Great Flood of 1993" on subsequent suspended sediment
concentrations and fluxes in the Mississippi River Basin, USA
SO Sediment Dynamics and the Hydromorphology of Fluvial Systems
SE IAHS PUBLICATION
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on Sediment Dynamics and the Hydromorphology of Fluvial
Systems
CY JUL 02-07, 2006
CL Dundee, SCOTLAND
SP Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Commiss Continental Eros
DE Mississippi River Basin; suspended sediment concentration; suspended
sediment fluxes
ID TRACE-ELEMENT FLUXES; RATING CURVES
AB During the spring/summer of 1993, the upper Midwestern USA experienced unusually heavy precipitation (200-350% above normal). More than 500 gauging stations in the region were simultaneously above flood stage, and nearly 150 major rivers and tributaries over-topped their banks. This was one of the costliest floods in the history of the USA, and came to be known as the "Great Flood of 1993". An examination of the long-term daily sediment record for the Mississippi River at Thebes, Illinois (representing the middle, or lower part of the upper basin), indicates that the flood had a severe and long-lasting impact on subsequent suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) and annual suspended sediment fluxes in the basin. At Thebes, pre-1993 (1981-1992) median discharge and SSC were about 5400 m(3) s(-1) and 304 mg L-1, respectively; whereas, post-1993 (1994-2004) median discharge and SSC were about 5200 m(3) s(-1) and 189 mg L-1, respectively. Clearly, the 1993 flood removed substantial amounts of "stored" bed sediment and/or readily erodible flood plain deposits, eliminating, a major source of SSC for the Thebes site. Examination of additional, but discontinuous sediment records (covering the period from 1981-2004) for other sites in the basin indicates that current post-flood declines in SSC and suspended sediment fluxes range from a low of about 10% to a high of about 36%.
C1 US Geol Survey, Peachtree Business Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA.
RP Horowitz, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Peachtree Business Ctr, Suite 130,3039 Amwiler Rd, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA.
NR 18
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 0
PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES
PI WALLINGFORD
PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND
SN 0144-7815
BN 978-1-901502-68-8
J9 IAHS-AISH P
PY 2006
VL 306
BP 110
EP 119
PG 10
WC Geology; Water Resources
SC Geology; Water Resources
GA BGM80
UT WOS:000248525200014
ER
PT J
AU Cramer, CH
Gomberg, JS
Schweig, ES
Waldron, BA
Tucker, K
AF Cramer, CH
Gomberg, JS
Schweig, ES
Waldron, BA
Tucker, K
TI First USGS urban seismic hazard maps predict the effects of soils
SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SHEAR-WAVE VELOCITY; MEMPHIS
C1 US Geol Survey, Memphis, TN 38152 USA.
Univ Memphis, Ground Water Inst, Memphis, TN 38152 USA.
Memphis State Univ, Ctr Earthquake Res & Informat, Memphis, TN 38152 USA.
RP Cramer, CH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3890 Cent Ave, Memphis, TN 38152 USA.
EM cramer@usgs.gov
NR 11
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 1
PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI EL CERRITO
PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA
SN 0895-0695
J9 SEISMOL RES LETT
JI Seismol. Res. Lett.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2006
VL 77
IS 1
BP 23
EP 29
DI 10.1785/gssrl.77.1.23
PG 7
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 012BD
UT WOS:000235312300004
ER
PT J
AU Safak, E
AF Safak, E
TI Time-domain representation of frequency-dependent foundation impedance
functions
SO SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
DE soil-structure interaction; foundation impedance functions; seismic
response; discrete-time filters
ID IDENTIFICATION
AB Foundation impedance functions provide a simple means to account for soil-structure interaction (SSI) when studying seismic response of structures. Impedance functions represent the dynamic stiffness of the soil media surrounding the foundation. The fact that impedance functions are frequency dependent makes it difficult to incorporate SSI in standard time-history analysis software. This paper introduces a simple method to convert frequency-dependent impedance functions into time-domain filters. The method is based on the least-squares approximation of impedance functions by ratios of two complex polynomials. Such ratios are equivalent, in the time-domain, to discrete-time recursive filters, which are simple finite-difference equations giving the relationship between foundation forces and displacements. These filters can easily be incorporated into standard time-history analysis programs. Three examples are presented to show the applications of the method. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA.
RP Safak, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA.
EM safak@usgs.gov
NR 10
TC 15
Z9 24
U1 2
U2 8
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0267-7261
J9 SOIL DYN EARTHQ ENG
JI Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng.
PD JAN
PY 2006
VL 26
IS 1
BP 65
EP 70
DI 10.1016/j.soildyn.2005.08.004
PG 6
WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Geology
GA 002KX
UT WOS:000234611400006
ER
PT J
AU Fetzer, R
Eskelsen, JM
Huston, M
Gussman, C
Crouse, D
Helverson, R
AF Fetzer, R
Eskelsen, JM
Huston, M
Gussman, C
Crouse, D
Helverson, R
TI Riverbank stabilization of lead contaminated soils using native plant
vegetative caps
SO SOIL & SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION
LA English
DT Article
DE lead; restoration; stabilization; capping; revegetation
AB Hamburg is a small borough located in Berks County, Pennsylvania. During the 1940s and 1950s, crushed automobile battery casings, containing high levels of lead, were used as fill in and around Hamburg. Several of the fill areas were along the eastern bank of the Schuylkill River and the Schuylkill River Canal. To reduce exposure to human and ecological receptors, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) initiated actions at several of the fill areas. Remediation actions at three of these fill areas, the Berry Property, the Hamburg Playground City, Playground, and the Port Clinton Avenue site, utilized native plants, slope stabilization, and soil caps.
The Berry Property consisted of a flat, wooded area adjacent to the river. The Hamburg Playground consisted of a steep wooded slope between the river and the parking lot for the municipal park. The Port Clinton Avenue site consisted of flat and sloped, wooded, and old-field areas between the canal and Port Chilton Avenue. At each of the three sites, some of the contaminated soils were excavated and the remainder was graded and capped. The clean soil cap was then covered with an erosion control mat, seeded with native grasses, and planted with native shrubs. At the Hamburg Playground and Port Clinton Avenue site, the existing trees and much of the existing vegetation were maintained to preserve the slope stability and the natural environment. Great care was taken to ensure community access to the municipal park. Some of the important considerations included retaining the existing trees, dealing with invasive species, maintaining the plants during a drought, and channeling storm-water runoff. The work was coordinated with the Hamburg Borough Council, the Schuylkill River Greenway Association, and the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP).
The actions resulted in a stabillized slope with channelized storm water to control erosion and protect the river a clean soil and plant cover that eliminates exposure to human and animal receptors, and an aesthetically pleasing and usable area that meets the needs of the community and the local conservation/environmental organization.
C1 Lockheed Martin Co REAC, Edison, NJ 08837 USA.
US EPA Reg II, Bethlehem, PA USA.
US EPA, Environm Response Team, Edison, NJ USA.
US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Edison, NJ USA.
EarthTech Inc, Richmond, VA USA.
Tetra Tech EMI, Boothwyn, PA USA.
RP Gussman, C (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Co REAC, 2890 Woodbridge Ave,Bay F Annex, Edison, NJ 08837 USA.
EM christopher.d.gussman@lmco.com
NR 5
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 8
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1532-0383
J9 SOIL SEDIMENT CONTAM
JI Soil. Sediment. Contam.
PY 2006
VL 15
IS 2
BP 217
EP 230
DI 10.1080/15320380500506412
PG 14
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 021JV
UT WOS:000235980400007
ER
PT J
AU Gagnon, P
Michener, W
Freeman, M
Box, JB
AF Gagnon, P
Michener, W
Freeman, M
Box, JB
TI Unionid habitat and assemblage composition in coastal plain tributaries
of Flint River (Georgia)
SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; BIVALVIA; ABUNDANCE;
COMMUNITIES; UNIONACEA; SEDIMENT; MICHIGAN; STREAMS; FISH
AB Effective conservation of mussels in streams of the lower Flint River basin, southwest Georgia, requires more rigorous understanding of mussel-habitat associations and factors shaping assemblage composition in stream reaches. We surveyed mussels and habitat conditions at 46 locations, and used regression, correlation and multivariate direct gradient analysis (Canonical Correspondence Analyses) to identify species-habitat relationships and characteristic species-assemblage types in Flint basin streams. Riparian wetland and catchment forest cover, average mid-channel depth, and drainage network position accounted for 49% of the variability in mussel species richness, 36% of the variability in unionid abundance, and 32% of the variability observed in Shannon-Wiener diversity across survey sites. Species were grouped into four assemblage types based on their habitat associations: large-river-riffle associates, slackwater associates, habitat generalists, and stream-run associates. Results are broadly concordant with anecdotal reports of mussel-habitat relationships and provide insight into the habitat conservation needs of mussels.
C1 Jones Ecol Res Ctr, Newton, GA 31770 USA.
Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, LTER Network Off, Albuquerque, NM USA.
Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
RP Gagnon, P (reprint author), Jones Ecol Res Ctr, Route 2,Box 2324, Newton, GA 31770 USA.
EM jmaluap@yahoo.com
NR 47
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 10
PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST
PI STEUBEN
PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA
SN 1528-7092
J9 SOUTHEAST NAT
JI Southeast. Nat.
PY 2006
VL 5
IS 1
BP 31
EP 52
DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2006)5[31:UHAACI]2.0.CO;2
PG 22
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 037MU
UT WOS:000237151800005
ER
PT J
AU Harveson, PM
Lopez, RR
Silvy, NJ
Frank, PA
AF Harveson, PM
Lopez, RR
Silvy, NJ
Frank, PA
TI Comparison of survival estimates using age-specific mortality and
radiotelemetry data for Florida key deer
SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
ID RATES
AB Obtaining reliable survival estimates is important in the management of wildlife populations, particularly for the construction of Computer simulation models. Many methods for estimating survival (e.g., radiotelemetry) are cost-prohibitive or time consuming. Life tables can provide survival estimates using data routinely collected by some management agencies. We calculated annual survival for Odocoileus virginianus clavium (Key deer) using age-specific mortality data. We compared our life-table estimates to those calculated from radiotelemetry data. Key deer survival estimates derived from life tables were similar to rates calculated from radiocollared deer. The only exception was for yearling/adult females on north Big Pine Key, where the life-table estimate was only slightly outside of the 95% confidence interval for the radiotelemetry estimate. Our results suggest that life tables based on age-specific mortality data can be a useful tool in estimating survival for Key deer. Comparing survival estimates from both methods allowed Lis to evaluate potential biases due to violation of assumptions associated with life-table calculations. While wildlife managers should be aware of the potential biases, age-specific mortality data may provide an adequate and cost-effective alternative for estimating survival.
C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Big Pine Key, FL 33043 USA.
RP Harveson, PM (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
EM harveson@tamu.edu
NR 23
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 4
PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST
PI STEUBEN
PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA
SN 1528-7092
J9 SOUTHEAST NAT
JI Southeast. Nat.
PY 2006
VL 5
IS 1
BP 149
EP 156
DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2006)5[149:COSEUA]2.0.CO;2
PG 8
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 037MU
UT WOS:000237151800015
ER
PT J
AU Pilarczyk, MM
Stewart, PM
Shelton, DN
Blalock-Herod, HN
Williams, JD
AF Pilarczyk, Megan M.
Stewart, Paul M.
Shelton, Douglas N.
Blalock-Herod, Holly N.
Williams, James D.
TI Current and recent historical freshwater mussel assemblages in the gulf
coastal plains
SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
ID UNITED-STATES; CONSERVATION STATUS; UNIONIDAE; BIVALVIA; ALABAMA;
TENNESSEE; RIVER
AB This study qualitatively surveyed freshwater mussel assemblages at 24 sites in the Choctawhatchee, Yellow, and Conecuh-Escambia river drainages of southeastern Alabama and northwest Florida in 2004. A specific focus of the study was to determine the current status of seven narrowly endemic candidate species: Margaritifera marrianae, Fusconaia escambia, Hamiota australis, Pleurobema strodeanum, Ptychobranchusjonesi, Quincuncina burkei, and Villosa choctawensis. Presence- absence analysis was used to compare 2004 data to recent historical records from the 1990s. There was no significant difference between the number of taxa found in the 1990s and in 2004. There was, however, a significant decrease from the 1990s to 2004 in the number of candidate species found at a site and the number of sites at which candidate species were found.
C1 Troy Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Troy, AL 36082 USA.
Alabama Malacol Res Ctr, Mobile, AL 36695 USA.
US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Stockton, CA 95205 USA.
US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA.
RP Stewart, PM (reprint author), Troy Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Troy, AL 36082 USA.
EM mstewart@troy.edu
NR 39
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 2
U2 7
PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST
PI STEUBEN
PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA
SN 1528-7092
J9 SOUTHEAST NAT
JI Southeast. Nat.
PY 2006
VL 5
IS 2
BP 205
EP 226
DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2006)5[205:CARHFM]2.0.CO;2
PG 22
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 068YB
UT WOS:000239409700002
ER
PT J
AU Meyers, JM
Pike, DA
AF Meyers, J. Michael
Pike, David A.
TI Herpetofaunal diversity of Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge,
North Carolina
SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
ID SPECIES RICHNESS; BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS; ANIMAL COMMUNITIES; BUFFER
ZONES; AMPHIBIANS; HABITATS; DECLINE; COLONIZATION; SALAMANDERS;
COMPETITION
AB In the past century, habitat alteration and fragmentation have increased dramatically, which increases the need for improving our understanding of how species and biological communities react to these modifications. A national strategy on biological diversity has focused attention on how these habitat modifications affect species, especially herpetofauna (i.e., changes in species richness, community evenness and similarity, and dominant/rare species). As part of this strategy, we surveyed Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge, a coastal, mixed second-growth forested swamp (MFS) and pocosin wetland (PW), in North Carolina for amphibians and reptiles from September 2000 to August 2001. We randomly selected three sites (3 x 3 km) in two major habitat types (MFS, PW) and completed random surveys and trapping using transects, quadrats, nighttime aural road surveys, drift fences, canal transects, coverboards, incidental captures, and evening road surveys. We also collected herpetofauna opportunistically throughout the refuge to establish an updated species list. For analysis, we used Shannon-Weiner species diversity (H'), evenness (J'), species richness and species detectability (COMDYN4), and community percent similarity index to determine herpetofaunal community differences. We estimated 39 species in MFS and 32 species in PW (P < 0.10). Species detectability was similar between habitats (0.84 to 0.86). More reptilian species (+ 31 %) inhabited MFS than PW, but estimated amphibian species richness was identical (17 spp.). H' was higher (P < 0.0001) for PW (2.6680) than for MFS (2.1535) because of lower Y in the latter (0.6214 vs. 0.8010). Dominance of three Rana species caused lower Y and H' in MFS. Similarity between the communities was 56.6%; we estimated 22-24 species in common for each habitat (95% Cl = 18 to 31 spp.). We verified 49 of the 52 herpetofaunal species on the refuge that were known to exist in the area. Restoration of natural water flows may affect herpetofaunal diversity, which may be monitored during a restoration project. Currently, the refuge retains historical levels of herpetofaunal diversity for the region.
C1 Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
RP Meyers, JM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
EM jmeyers@warnell.uga.edu
RI Pike, David/B-2032-2012
OI Pike, David/0000-0002-6121-5449
NR 55
TC 5
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 11
PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST
PI STEUBEN
PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA
SN 1528-7092
J9 SOUTHEAST NAT
JI Southeast. Nat.
PY 2006
VL 5
IS 2
BP 235
EP 252
DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2006)5[235:HDOARN]2.0.CO;2
PG 18
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 068YB
UT WOS:000239409700004
ER
PT J
AU Waddle, JH
Mazzotti, FJ
Rice, KG
AF Waddle, J. Hardin
Mazzotti, Frank J.
Rice, Kenneth G.
TI Changes in abundance of Gopher Tortoise burrows at Cape Sable, Florida
SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
ID SLASH PINE FLATWOODS; COASTAL SCRUB; POLYPHEMUS; POPULATION
AB The southernmost population of Gopherus polyphemus (Gopher Tortoises) occurs at Cape Sable, FL. The burrows of this population were surveyed in 1979 using strip transects to estimate Gopher Tortoise burrow density. We present data from a 1990 strip-transect survey and a 2001 line-transect survey of burrows for comparison. We found a significantly lower density of active burrows and a significantly higher density of abandoned burrows in 2001 compared to 1979 and 1990, but the overall density of burrows did not differ significantly over time. The distribution of burrow widths in 2001 was not significantly different from the 1982 distribution, and the bimodal pattern suggests that reproduction has occurred at the site. The 76% decline of active burrows at the site suggests that Gopher Tortoises have been subject to mortality. Reduction of habitat quality and tropical storms are possible explanations for the apparent decline in the Gopher Tortoise population at Cape Sable, but more monitoring is required to understand the long-term trends in this coastal population.
C1 Univ Florida, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
Univ Florida, FLREC, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA.
US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Ctr Water & Restorat Studies, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA.
RP Waddle, JH (reprint author), Univ Florida, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 110485, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
EM hardin_waddle@usgs.gov
RI Waddle, Hardin/D-3845-2009
OI Waddle, Hardin/0000-0003-1940-2133
NR 20
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 10
PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST
PI STEUBEN
PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA
SN 1528-7092
J9 SOUTHEAST NAT
JI Southeast. Nat.
PY 2006
VL 5
IS 2
BP 277
EP 284
DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2006)5[277:CIAOGT]2.0.CO;2
PG 8
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 068YB
UT WOS:000239409700007
ER
PT J
AU Rosen, DJ
Carter, R
Bryson, CT
AF Rosen, David J.
Carter, Richard
Bryson, Charles T.
TI The recent spread of Cyperus entrerianus (Cyperaceae) in the
Southeastern United States and its invasive potential in bottomland
hardwood forests
SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
AB Cyperus entrerianus, a native of temperate South America, has become a tenacious weed in the southeastern United States. Herbarium and field studies revealed records of C. entrerianus from an additional 39 counties in the southeastern United States, increasing the number of counties where it is known by 118%. Vegetation sampling at two southeast Texas bottomland hardwood stands showed that C. entrerianits is capable of invading the understory of a mature forest with old-growth characteristics and that native herbaceous species richness and aerial cover are negatively correlated with increasing aerial cover of C. entrerianus. Life-history characteristics of C. entrerianus suggest it will continue to spread and could alter both herbaceous and woody plant dynamics in bottomland forests of the southeastern United States.
C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
Valdosta State Univ, Dept Biol, Herbarium, Valdosta, GA 31698 USA.
USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38766 USA.
RP Rosen, DJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 17629 El Camino Real,Suite 211, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
EM david_rosen@fws.gov
NR 19
TC 6
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 1
PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST
PI STEUBEN
PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA
SN 1528-7092
J9 SOUTHEAST NAT
JI Southeast. Nat.
PY 2006
VL 5
IS 2
BP 333
EP 344
DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2006)5[333:TRSOCE]2.0.CO;2
PG 12
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 068YB
UT WOS:000239409700014
ER
PT J
AU Finney, ST
Isely, JJ
Cooke, DW
AF Finney, Sam T.
Isely, J. Jeffery
Cooke, Douglas W.
TI Upstream migration of two pre-spawning shortnose sturgeon passed
upstream of Pinopolis Dam, Cooper River, South Carolina
SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; ACIPENSER-BREVIROSTRUM; ATLANTIC STURGEONS;
CHINOOK SALMON; LIFE-HISTORY; MOVEMENTS; HABITATS; MASSACHUSETTS;
MORTALITY; STEELHEAD
AB Two shortnose sturgeon were artificially passed above the Pinopolis Lock and Dam into the Santee-Cooper Lakes in order to simulate the use of a fish-passage mechanism. Movement patterns and spawning behavior were studied to determine the potential success of future shortnose sturgeon migrations if and when a fish-migration bypass structure is installed. In addition to movement patterns, water temperature was monitored in areas that shortnose sturgeons utilized. Shortnose sturgeon migrated through a large static system to a known shortnose sturgeon spawning area more than 160 km upstream where water temperatures were consistent with known shortnose sturgeon spawning temperatures. No specific movement patterns in the reservoir system were recorded during downstream migrations.
C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Aquaculture Fisheries & Wildlife, Clemson, SC 29634 USA.
US Geol Survey, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA.
Dennis Wildlife Ctr, S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Bonneau, SC 29431 USA.
RP Finney, ST (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Aquaculture Fisheries & Wildlife, Clemson, SC 29634 USA.
EM sam_finney@fws.gov
NR 22
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 14
PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST
PI STEUBEN
PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA
SN 1528-7092
J9 SOUTHEAST NAT
JI Southeast. Nat.
PY 2006
VL 5
IS 2
BP 369
EP 375
DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2006)5[369:UMOTPS]2.0.CO;2
PG 7
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 068YB
UT WOS:000239409700019
ER
PT J
AU Storey, CM
Porter, BA
Freeman, MC
Freeman, BJ
AF Storey, Casey M.
Porter, Brady A.
Freeman, Mary C.
Freeman, Byron J.
TI Analysis of spawning behavior, habitat, and season of the federally
threatened Etheostoma scotti, Cherokee darter (Osteichthyes : Percidae)
SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
ID STREAM; FISH
AB Etheostoma scotti (Cherokee darter) is a member of the subgenus Ulocentra and a federally threatened endemic to the Etowah River system, GA. Field observations of spawning behavior of the Cherokee darter were made at five stream sites to identify spawning season and habitat over two field seasons. Cherokee darters primarily spawn in pool habitats between mid-March and early June, at temperatures between 11 and 18 degrees C. Egg deposition was typically on large gravel substrate, but ranged from gravel to bedrock in size and included woody debris. Spawning occurred in a variety of depths (0.09-0.59 m) and velocities (0-0.68 m/s).
C1 Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
Duquesne Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA.
US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
Univ Georgia, Georgia Museum Nat Hist, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
CH2M HiLL Inc, Atlanta, GA 30346 USA.
RP Storey, CM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
EM casey.storey@CH2M.com
NR 22
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST
PI STEUBEN
PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA
SN 1528-7092
J9 SOUTHEAST NAT
JI Southeast. Nat.
PY 2006
VL 5
IS 3
BP 413
EP 424
DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2006)5[413:AOSBHA]2.0.CO;2
PG 12
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 096FU
UT WOS:000241363800003
ER
PT J
AU Gregory, CJ
Carthy, RR
Pearlstine, LG
AF Gregory, Christopher J.
Carthy, Raymond R.
Pearlstine, Leonard G.
TI Survey and monitoring of species at risk at Camp Blanding Training Site,
northeastern Florida
SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
AB We studied the presence and distribution of 19 species at risk in northeastern Florida at the Camp Blanding Training Site (CBTS) during 2000-2001, seven years after the first major baseline surveys of CBTS were conducted. Much of the training conducted at CBTS deals with light infantry exercises, but the site is also used for mining, silviculture, hunting, fishing, emergency logistical support, and entertainment purposes. CBTS contains more than 2000 species of plants and animals in 14 natural communities, each impacted to various degrees by past and current land management. Adaptive management plans for species may be ineffective without continual feedback and the flexibility for change. Here we summarize and discuss the results of our surveys, compare these results with those of past surveys, identify differences between the surveys, and discuss the importance of systematic protocols and study design for CBTS environmental managers.
C1 Univ Florida, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat,Florida Cooperat F, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA.
RP Gregory, CJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat,Florida Cooperat F, POB 10485, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
EM phd2be@ufl.edu
NR 30
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 1
PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST
PI STEUBEN
PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA
SN 1528-7092
J9 SOUTHEAST NAT
JI Southeast. Nat.
PY 2006
VL 5
IS 3
BP 473
EP 498
DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2006)5[473:SAMOSA]2.0.CO;2
PG 26
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 096FU
UT WOS:000241363800009
ER
PT J
AU Dusek, RJ
Richardson, D
Egstad, KF
Heisey, DM
AF Dusek, Robert J.
Richardson, David
Egstad, Kristina F.
Heisey, Dennis M.
TI Evaluating red-cockaded woodpeckers for exposure to West Nile virus and
blood parasites
SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
AB A marked decline in the Picoides borealis (Red-cockaded Woodpecker [RCW]) population at Noxubee National Wildlife Refuge, MS, was observed in 2002. Demographic changes - including absence of hatch-year birds, decreases in size of known groups, and loss of known groups-were identified during annual fall surveys and are uncharacteristic of RCW populations. In 2003, a serosurvey of 28 adult RCWs was conducted to investigate the presence of West Nile virus (WNV) exposure in the population, possibly providing insight into whether WNV may have been responsible for this decline. Blood smears were also examined from these birds for blood parasites. We found no evidence of West Nile virus exposure or blood parasites in any of the RCWs sampled. Further monitoring of the RCW population and WNV activity in other species at Noxubee NWR is recommended to further evaluate the potential role of WNV and blood parasites in their decline.
C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA.
US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Noxubee Natl Wildlife Refuge, Brooksville, MS 39739 USA.
RP Dusek, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA.
EM rdusek@usgs.gov
OI Dusek, Robert/0000-0001-6177-7479
NR 16
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST
PI STEUBEN
PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA
SN 1528-7092
J9 SOUTHEAST NAT
JI Southeast. Nat.
PY 2006
VL 5
IS 3
BP 561
EP 565
DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2006)5[561:ERWFET]2.0.CO;2
PG 5
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 096FU
UT WOS:000241363800016
ER
PT J
AU Smith, LL
Steen, DA
Stober, JM
Freeman, MC
Golladay, SW
Conner, LM
Cochrane, J
AF Smith, Lora L.
Steen, David A.
Stober, Jonathan M.
Freeman, Mary C.
Golladay, Steve W.
Conner, L. Mike
Cochrane, Jessica
TI The vertebrate fauna of Ichauway, Baker County, GA
SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
ID WATER-QUALITY; SOUTHEASTERN; GEORGIA; FORESTS
AB Less than 4% of the once extensive Pinus palustris (longleaf pine) ecosystem remains today. Although longleaf pine habitats are recognized for their high species diversity, few published accounts document the vertebrate faunas of remaining tracts. Here we report on the vertebrate species richness of lchauway, an 11,300-ha property in Baker County, GA. The property includes ca. 7300 ha of longleaf pine with native ground cover, along with more than 30 seasonal wetlands and ca. 45 km of riparian habitat associated with Ichawaynochaway Creek, Big Cypress Creek, and the Flint River. The fauna includes 61 species of fish, 31 amphibians, 53 reptiles, 191 birds, and 41 mammals. Despite the relative isolation of the property from other natural ecosystems, the vertebrate fauna of lchauway is remarkably diverse and may offer an example of reference conditions to guide restoration of longleaf pine forests, associated seasonal wetlands, and riparian areas elsewhere in the southeastern US.
C1 Joseph W Jones Ecol Res Ctr, Newton, GA 39870 USA.
Univ Georgia, Sch Forest Resources, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
RP Smith, LL (reprint author), Joseph W Jones Ecol Res Ctr, Route 2,Box 2324, Newton, GA 39870 USA.
EM lora.smith@jonesctr.org
NR 37
TC 22
Z9 24
U1 2
U2 12
PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST
PI STEUBEN
PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA
SN 1528-7092
J9 SOUTHEAST NAT
JI Southeast. Nat.
PY 2006
VL 5
IS 4
BP 599
EP 620
DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2006)5[599:TVFOIB]2.0.CO;2
PG 22
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 127UW
UT WOS:000243612800003
ER
PT J
AU Hightower, JE
Nesnow, C
AF Hightower, Joseph E.
Nesnow, Cynthia
TI Distribution and abundance of American eels in the White Oak River
estuary, North Carolina
SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
ID FRESH-WATER EELS; ANGUILLA-ROSTRATA; POPULATION-SIZE; NOVA-SCOTIA; TIDAL
CREEK; HOME RANGE; GROWTH; SEX; AGE; MOVEMENTS
AB Apparent widespread declines in abundance of Anguilla rostrata (American eel) have reinforced the need for information regarding its life history and status. We used commercial eel pots and crab (peeler) pots to examine the distribution, condition, and abundance of American eels within the White Oak River estuary, NC, during summers of 2002-2003. Catch of American eels per overnight set was 0.35 (SE = 0.045) in 2002 and 0.49 (SE = 0.044) in 2003. There was not a significant linear relationship between catch per set and depth in 2002 (P = 0.3 1, depth range 0.9-3.4 m) or 2003 (P = 0. 18, depth range 0.6-3.4 m). American eels from the White Oak River were in good condition, based on the slope of a length-weight relationship (3.41) compared to the median slope (3.15) from other systems. Estimates of population density from grid sampling in 2003 (300 mm and larger: 4.0-13.8 per ha) were similar to estimates for the Hudson River estuary, but substantially less than estimates from other (smaller) systems including tidal creeks within estuaries. Density estimates from coastal waters can be used with harvest records to examine whether overfishing has contributed to the recent apparent declines in American eel abundance.
C1 N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, Dept Zool, N Carolina Cooperat Fisheries & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
RP Hightower, JE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, Dept Zool, N Carolina Cooperat Fisheries & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
EM jhightower@ncsu.edu
NR 43
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 14
PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST
PI STEUBEN
PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA
SN 1528-7092
EI 1938-5412
J9 SOUTHEAST NAT
JI Southeast. Nat.
PY 2006
VL 5
IS 4
BP 693
EP 710
DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2006)5[693:DAAOAE]2.0.CO;2
PG 18
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 127UW
UT WOS:000243612800010
ER
PT J
AU Ugarte, CA
Brandt, LA
Melvin, S
Mazzotti, FJ
Rice, KG
AF Ugarte, Cristina A.
Brandt, Laura A.
Melvin, Stefani
Mazzotti, Frank J.
Rice, Kenneth G.
TI Hurricane impacts to tree islands in Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee
National Wildlife Refuge, Florida
SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
ID SOUTH FLORIDA; ANDREW; FOREST; HUGO
AB Tree islands-small, wetland forest communities imbedded in a matrix of freshwater marsh-characterize Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge in South Florida. The establishment and spread of invasive exotic plant species were hypothesized to alter tree-island communities and prolong recovery times from hurricane disturbances. During the fall of 2004, two hurricanes, Frances and Jeanne, caused damage to these tree islands. We examined the spatial extent of damage to tree islands and tree species across the Refuge by sampling 74 islands. Each tree island was assigned an overall damage rating based on both the openness of the canopy and the type and quantity of damage received. Distance from the eye-wall of the hurricanes, tree-island size, average tree height on the island, and relative abundance of invasive exotic plants were examined as predictors of damage. Over 85% of the sampled tree islands had damage, with most of the damage occurring in the center of the Refuge. Most tree islands were found to have moderate damage, (i.e., snapped large branches and less than 50% canopy cover removed). Persea palustris (swamp bays) had more snapped trunks than Ilex cassine (dahoon holly) and Myrica cerifera (wax myrtle). Islands with larger trees had heavier damage than islands with shrubs or smaller trees. Fifty-eight percent of the tree islands sampled had either Lygodium microphyllum (lygodium) and/or Melaleuca quinquenervia (melaleuca). The only island with severe damage had abundant lygodium that appeared to have caused the entire canopy to collapse. These hurricanes present a unique opportunity to investigate recovery patterns of tree islands in an ecosystem impacted by invasive exotics. They also provide an opportunity to examine patterns of spread and recruitment of lygodium and melaleuca.
C1 Univ Florida, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Homestead, FL 33034 USA.
US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arthur R Marshall Loxahatchee Natl Wildlie Refuge, Baynton Beach, FL 33437 USA.
Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA.
Univ Florida, Ctr Water & Restorat Studies, US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA.
RP Ugarte, CA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Everglades Natl Pk Field Stn,4001 State Rd 9336, Homestead, FL 33034 USA.
EM caugarte@ifas.ufl.edu
NR 18
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 7
PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST
PI STEUBEN
PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA
SN 1528-7092
J9 SOUTHEAST NAT
JI Southeast. Nat.
PY 2006
VL 5
IS 4
BP 737
EP 746
DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2006)5[737:HITTII]2.0.CO;2
PG 10
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 127UW
UT WOS:000243612800013
ER
PT S
AU Seal, RR
AF Seal, Robert R., II
BE Vaughan, DJ
TI Sulfur isotope geochemistry of sulfide minerals
SO SULFIDE MINERALOLGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY
SE Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry
LA English
DT Review
ID FLOOR HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; MASS-INDEPENDENT SULFUR; ILMENITE-SERIES
GRANITOIDS; VALLEY-TYPE DEPOSITS; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; PB-AG DEPOSITS;
STABLE-ISOTOPE; ION MICROPROBE; SULFATE REDUCTION; LASER MICROPROBE
C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Seal, RR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 954 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
EM rseal@usgs.gov
NR 203
TC 114
Z9 125
U1 2
U2 41
PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER
PI CHANTILLY
PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA
SN 1529-6466
BN 0-939950-73-1
J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM
PY 2006
VL 61
BP 633
EP 677
DI 10.2138/rmg.2006.61.12
PG 45
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy
GA BFD04
UT WOS:000241098200012
ER
PT S
AU Payne, TE
Davis, JA
Ochs, M
Olin, M
Tweed, CJ
Altmann, S
Askarieh, MM
AF Payne, T. E.
Davis, J. A.
Ochs, M.
Olin, M.
Tweed, C. J.
Altmann, S.
Askarieh, M. M.
BE Lutzenkirchen, J
TI Comparative evaluation of surface complexation models for radionuclide
sorption by diverse geologic materials
SO SURFACE COMPLEXATION MODELLING
SE Interface Science and Technology
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID NEPTUNIUM(V) SORPTION; MONTMORILLONITE; ADSORPTION; OXIDE; TITRATION;
HEMATITE; ZN; NI
C1 [Payne, T. E.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia.
[Davis, J. A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Ochs, M.] BMG Engn Ltd, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland.
[Olin, M.] Univ Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
[Tweed, C. J.] Future Energy Solut, Harwell OX11 0QJ, Oxon, England.
[Altmann, S.] ANDRA, F-92298 Chatenay Malabry, France.
[Askarieh, M. M.] United Kingdom Nirex Ltd, Didcot OX11 0RH, Oxon, England.
RP Payne, TE (reprint author), Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia.
NR 31
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 1573-4285
BN 978-0-08-046778-8
J9 INTERFACE SCI TECHNO
PY 2006
VL 11
BP 605
EP 633
PG 29
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA BCU32
UT WOS:000311431200023
ER
PT S
AU Hill, MC
AF Hill, Mary C.
BE Webb, B
Hirata, R
Kruse, E
Vrba, J
TI Using models to manage systems subject to sustainability indicators
SO Sustainability of Groundwater Resources and its Indicators
SE IAHS PUBLICATION
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on Groundwater Resources Sustainability Indicators
CY APR 06-07, 2005
CL Foz do Iguaco, BRAZIL
SP Int Assoc Hydrol Sci
DE analytical; data analysis; flow; groundwater; models; numerical;
sensitivity analysis; sustainability; transport; uncertainty
AB Mathematical and numerical models can provide insight into sustainability indicators using relevant simulated quantities, which are referred to here as predictions. To be useful, many concerns need to be considered. Four are discussed here: (a) mathematical and numerical accuracy of the model; (b) the accuracy of the data used in model development, (c) the information observations provide to aspects of the model important to predictions of interest as measured using sensitivity analysis; and (d) the existence of plausible alternative models for a given system. The four issues are illustrated using examples from conservative and transport modelling, and using conceptual arguments. Results suggest that ignoring these issues can produce misleading conclusions.
C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Hill, MC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA.
RI Hirata, Ricardo/D-8610-2012
OI Hirata, Ricardo/0000-0001-9683-1244
NR 13
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES
PI WALLINGFORD
PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND
SN 0144-7815
BN 978-1-901502-43-5
J9 IAHS-AISH P
PY 2006
VL 302
BP 53
EP 58
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources
GA BGO59
UT WOS:000249033800007
ER
PT J
AU Reisenbichler, RR
Hayes, MC
Rubin, SP
Wetzel, LA
Baker, BM
AF Reisenbichler, RR
Hayes, MC
Rubin, SP
Wetzel, LA
Baker, BM
TI PEPA-1* genotype affects return rate for hatchery Steelhead
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; GENETIC-DIVERGENCE; NATURAL-SELECTION;
SALMO-GAIRDNERI; WILD STEELHEAD; COHO SALMON; POPULATIONS; SURVIVAL;
ALLOZYME; RIVER
AB Allozymes continue to be useful as genetic markers in a variety of studies; however, their utility often hinges on the selective neutrality of the allelic variation. Our study tested for neutrality between the two most common alleles (*100 and *110) at the cytosol nonspecific dipeptidase locus (PEPA-1*) in steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss from Dworshak National Fish Hatchery in Idaho. We tested for differential growth and survival among fish with the *100/100, *100/110, and *110/110 genotypes rearing in a hatchery or a natural stream. We repeated the study for two year-classes, using heterozygous (*100/110) adults to make the experimental crosses. This design avoided differences in family contribution among genotypes because each cross produced all three genotypes. We divided the progeny from each family into two groups. One group was reared in a hatchery for I year and then released for migration to the sea and subsequent return to the hatchery as adults. The other group was released into a natural stream and monitored for 3 years. We found no significant differences in size or survival among PEPA-1* genotypes for either the naturally reared fish or the hatchery-reared fish immediately prior to release as smolts. For females, survival to returning adult also was similar among genotypes; however, hatchery-reared males with the *110/110 genotype returned at a higher rate than did males with the *100/100 genotype; heterozygous males were intermediate. These results indicate that selection occurs at the PEPA-1* locus or at one or more loci tightly linked to it. The finding of nearly equal frequencies for these two alleles in the source population suggests that selection differentials among genotypes reverse or vary from year to year; otherwise, steady directional selection would drive the *100 allele to low frequencies or extinction. Locus PEPA-1* seems inappropriate for genetic marks in studies of steelhead that span the full life cycle and probably should be avoided for any portion of the life cycle. Inferences about gene flow and population structure from studies that are substantially influenced by PEPA-1* allele frequencies might be misleading.
C1 US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA.
RP Reisenbichler, RR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM reg_reisenbichler@usgs.gov
OI HAYES, MICHAEL/0000-0002-9060-0565
NR 48
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0002-8487
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD JAN
PY 2006
VL 135
IS 1
BP 28
EP 39
DI 10.1577/T04-222.1
PG 12
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 013AH
UT WOS:000235381500003
ER
PT J
AU Henne, JP
Ware, KM
Wayman, WR
Bakal, RS
Horvath, A
AF Henne, JP
Ware, KM
Wayman, WR
Bakal, RS
Horvath, A
TI Synchronous hermaphroditism and self-fertilization in a captive
shortnose sturgeon
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID SHOVELNOSE STURGEON; MISSOURI; SEX
AB The shortnose sturgeon Acipenser brevirostrum is a federally listed endangered fish species endemic to the East Coast of North America, where captive fish are cultured for recovery efforts. During routine evaluations of broodfish for spawning potential, a single hermaphroditic shortnose sturgeon was discovered. Motile sperm and approximately 7,600 eggs were manually stripped from the individual simultaneously. Eggs were fertilized with the fish's own sperm (self-fertilized) and with the sperm of two unrelated males (cross-fertilized). Both self- and cross-fertilization procedures were successful. Viable fry hatched from 9% of the eggs produced by self-fertilization and from 2% of those produced by cross-fertilization. Fry survival through 180 d posthatch was 1% in the self-fertilization treatment and 11% in the cross-fertilization treatment. Endoscopic evaluation of gonads confirmed the presence of ovotestes with discrete regions of active testicular and ovarian tissues. The present account provides empirical evidence including gross anatomical and histological photodocumentation that advances knowledge of this rare condition in a fish species threatened with extinction.
C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bears Bluff Natl Fish Hatchery, Wadmalaw Isl, SC 29487 USA.
US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Warm Springs Reg Fisheries Ctr, Warm Springs, GA 31830 USA.
Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Aquaculture Res Stn, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA.
RP Henne, JP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bears Bluff Natl Fish Hatchery, POB 69, Wadmalaw Isl, SC 29487 USA.
EM James_Henne@fws.gov
RI Horvath, Akos/F-8248-2013; Horvath, Akos/N-3946-2014
OI Horvath, Akos/0000-0001-9760-2478
NR 15
TC 4
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0002-8487
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD JAN
PY 2006
VL 135
IS 1
BP 55
EP 60
DI 10.1577/T05-067.1
PG 6
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 013AH
UT WOS:000235381500006
ER
PT J
AU Madenjian, CP
O'Connor, DV
Pothoven, SA
Schneeberger, PJ
Rediske, RR
O'Keefe, JP
Bergstedt, RA
Argyle, RL
Brandt, SB
AF Madenjian, CP
O'Connor, DV
Pothoven, SA
Schneeberger, PJ
Rediske, RR
O'Keefe, JP
Bergstedt, RA
Argyle, RL
Brandt, SB
TI Evaluation of a lake whitefish bioenergetics model
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPHIC TRANSFER EFFICIENCY; TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; LAURENTIAN
GREAT-LAKES; COREGONUS-CLUPEAFORMIS; LABORATORY EVALUATION; CHINOOK
SALMON; YELLOW PERCH; MICHIGAN; PCBS; FISH
AB We evaluated the Wisconsin bioenergetics model for lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis in the laboratory and in the field. For the laboratory evaluation, lake whitefish were fed rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax in four laboratory tanks during a 133-d experiment. Based on a comparison of bioenergetics model predictions of lake whitefish food consumption and growth with observed consumption and growth, we concluded that the bioenergetics model furnished significantly biased estimates of both food consumption and growth. On average, the model overestimated consumption by 61% and underestimated growth by 16%. The source of the bias was probably an overestimation of the respiration rate. We therefore adjusted the respiration component of the bioenergetics model to obtain a good fit of the model to the observed consumption and growth in our laboratory tanks. Based on the adjusted model, predictions of food consumption over the 133-d period fell within 5% of observed consumption in three of the four tanks and within 9% of observed consumption in the remaining tank. We used polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) as a tracer to evaluate model performance in the field. Based on our laboratory experiment, the efficiency with which lake whitefish retained PCBs from their food (gamma) was estimated at 0.45. We applied the bioenergetics model to Lake Michigan lake whitefish and then used PCB determinations of both lake whitefish and their prey from Lake Michigan to estimate gamma in the field. Application of the original model to Lake Michigan lake whitefish yielded a field estimate of 0.28, implying that the original formulation of the model overestimated consumption in Lake Michigan by 61%. Application of the bioenergetics model with the adjusted respiration component resulted in a field gamma estimate of 0.56, implying that this revised model underestimated consumption by 20%.
C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA.
Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Marquette Fisheries Res Stn, Marquette, MI 49885 USA.
Grand Valley State Univ, Annis Water Resources Inst, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA.
US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA.
NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
RP Madenjian, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
EM cmadenjian@usgs.gov
OI Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422
NR 37
TC 53
Z9 53
U1 2
U2 25
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0002-8487
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD JAN
PY 2006
VL 135
IS 1
BP 61
EP 75
DI 10.1577/T04-215.1
PG 15
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 013AH
UT WOS:000235381500007
ER
PT J
AU Kocovsky, PM
Carline, RF
AF Kocovsky, PM
Carline, RF
TI Influence of landscape-scale factors in limiting brook trout populations
in Pennsylvania streams
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID EPISODIC ACIDIFICATION; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; FISH
COMMUNITIES; STANDING STOCK; WATER-QUALITY; NEW-YORK; HABITAT; ALUMINUM;
CONSERVATION
AB Landscapes influence the capacity of streams to produce trout through their effect on water chemistry and other factors at the reach scale. Trout abundance also fluctuates over time; thus, to thoroughly understand how spatial factors at landscape scales affect trout populations, one must assess the changes in populations over time to provide a context for interpreting the importance of spatial factors. We used data from the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission's fisheries management database to investigate spatial factors that affect the capacity of streams to support brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis and to provide models useful for their management. We assessed the relative importance of spatial and temporal variation by calculating variance components and comparing relative standard errors for spatial and temporal variation. We used binary logistic regression to predict the presence of harvestable-length brook trout and multiple linear regression to assess the mechanistic links between landscapes and trout populations and to predict population density. The variance in trout density among streams was equal to or greater than the temporal variation for several streams, indicating that differences among sites affect population density. Logistic regression models correctly predicted the absence of harvestable-length brook trout in 60% of validation samples. The r(2)-value for the linear regression model predicting density was 0.3, indicating low predictive ability. Both logistic and linear regression models supported buffering capacity against acid episodes as an important mechanistic link between landscapes and trout populations. Although our models fail to predict trout densities precisely, their success at elucidating the mechanistic links between landscapes and trout populations, in concert with the importance of spatial variation, increases our understanding of factors affecting brook trout abundance and will help managers and private groups to protect and enhance populations of wild brook trout.
C1 Penn State Univ, Merkle Lab 113, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Merkle Lab 114, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
RP Kocovsky, PM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Erie Biol Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA.
EM pkocovsky@usgs.gov
NR 60
TC 13
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0002-8487
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD JAN
PY 2006
VL 135
IS 1
BP 76
EP 88
DI 10.1577/T04-175.1
PG 13
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 013AH
UT WOS:000235381500008
ER
PT J
AU Lupes, SC
Davis, MW
Olla, BL
Schreck, CB
AF Lupes, SC
Davis, MW
Olla, BL
Schreck, CB
TI Capture-related stressors impair immune system function in sableflsh
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; DISCARD MORTALITY; TEMPERATURE;
DISEASE; FISH; AIR; MECHANISMS; LEUKOCYTES; EXPOSURE; DURATION
AB The sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria is a valuable North Pacific Ocean species that, when not targeted in various commercial fisheries, is often a part of discarded bycatch. Predictions of the survival of discarded fish are dependent on understanding how a fish responds to stressful conditions. Our objective was to describe the immunological health of sablefish exposed to capture stressors. In laboratory experiments designed to simulate the capture process, we subjected sablefish to various stressors that might influence survival: towing in a net, hooking, elevated seawater and air temperatures, and air exposure time. After stress was imposed, the in vitro mitogen-stimulated proliferation of sablefish leukocytes was used to evaluate the function of the immune system in an assay we validated for this species. The results demonstrated that regardless of fishing gear type, exposure to elevated seawater temperature, or time in air, the leukocytes from stressed sablefish exhibited significantly diminished proliferative responses to the T-cell mitogen, concanavalin A, or the B-cell mitogen, lipopolysaccharide. There was no difference in the immunological responses associated with seawater or air temperature. The duration and severity of the capture stressors applied in our study were harsh enough to induce significantly elevated levels of plasma cortisol and glucose, but there was no difference in the magnitude of levels among stressor treatments. These data suggest that immunological suppression occurs in sablefish subjected to capture-related stressors. The functional impairment of the immune system after capture presents a potential reason why delayed mortality is possible in discarded sablefish. Further studies are needed to determine whether delayed mortality in discarded sablefish can be caused by increased susceptibility to infectious agents resulting from stressor-mediated immunosuppression.
C1 Oregon State Univ, Oregon Cooperat Fish Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries Wildlife, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Serv, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
RP Lupes, SC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA.
EM slupes@usgs.gov
NR 45
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0002-8487
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD JAN
PY 2006
VL 135
IS 1
BP 129
EP 138
DI 10.1577/T04-198.1
PG 10
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 013AH
UT WOS:000235381500012
ER
PT S
AU Richmond, BM
Jaffe, BE
Gelfenbaum, G
Morton, RA
AF Richmond, Bruce M.
Jaffe, Bruce E.
Gelfenbaum, Guy
Morton, Robert A.
BE Scheffers, A
Kelletat, D
TI Geologic impacts of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami on Indonesia, Sri
Lanka, and the Maldives
SO TSUNAMIS, HURRICANES AND NEOTECTONICS: AS DRIVING MECHANISMS IN COASTAL
EVOLUTION
SE ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GEOMORPHOLOGIE SUPPLEMENT SERIES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 1st International Tsunami Field Symposium
CY MAR 02-06, 2006
CL Bonaire, NETHERLANDS
AB The December 26, 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was generated by a large submarine earthquake (magnitude similar to 9.1) with an epicenter located under the seafloor in the eastern Indian Ocean near northern Sumatra, Indonesia. The resulting tsunami was measured globally and had significant geologic impacts throughout the Indian Ocean basin. Observations of tsunami impacts, such as morphologic change, sedimentary deposits, and water-level measurements, are used to reconstruct tsunamogenic processes. Data from Sumatra, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives provide a synoptic view of tsunami characteristics from a wide range of coastal environments both near- and far-field from the tsunami origin. Impacts to the coast as a result of the tsunami varied depending upon the height of the wave at impact, orientation of the coast with regard to direction of wave approach, and local topography, bathymetry, geology, and vegetation cover. Tsunami deposits were observed in all the countries visited and can be generally characterized as relatively thin sheets (< 80 cm), mostly of sand.
C1 US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
RP Richmond, BM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
EM brichmond@usgs.gov; bjaffe@usgs.gov; ggelfenbaum@usgs.gov;
rmorton@usgs.gov
OI Jaffe, Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920
NR 21
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 2
U2 6
PU GEBRUDER BORNTRAEGER
PI STUTTGART
PA JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D-70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY
SN 0044-2798
J9 Z GEOMORPHOL SUPP
PY 2006
VL 146
BP 235
EP 251
PG 17
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA BFU13
UT WOS:000244618800012
ER
PT J
AU Schwartz, CC
Haroldson, MA
Gunther, KA
Moody, D
AF Schwartz, CC
Haroldson, MA
Gunther, KA
Moody, D
TI Distribution of grizzly bears in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem in
2004
SO URSUS
LA English
DT Article
DE distribution; grizzly bear; kernel density; range analysis; Ursus
arctos; Yellowstone ecosystem
AB The US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) proposed delisting the Yellowstone grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis) in November 2005. Part of that process required knowledge of the most current distribution of the species. Here, we update an earlier estimate of occupied range (1990-2000) with data through 2004. We used kernel estimators to develop distribution maps of occupied habitats based on initial sightings of unduplicated females (n = 481) with cubs of the year, locations of radiomarked bears (n = 170), and spatially unique locations of conflicts, confrontations, and mortalities (n = 1,075). Although each data set was constrained by potential sampling bias, together they provided insight into areas in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) currently occupied by grizzly bears. The current distribution of 37,258 km(2) (1990-2004) extends beyond the distribution map generated with data from 1990-2000 (34,416 km(2)). Range expansion is particularly evident in parts of the Caribou-Targhee National Forest in Idaho and north of Spanish Peaks on the Gallatin National Forest in Montana.
C1 Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Interagcy Grizzly Bear Study Team,Forestry Sci La, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
Bear Management Off, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA.
Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Trophy Game Sect, Lander, WY 82520 USA.
RP Schwartz, CC (reprint author), Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Interagcy Grizzly Bear Study Team,Forestry Sci La, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
EM chuck_schwartz@usgs.gov; mark_haroldson@usgs.gov; kerry_gunther@nps.gov;
dave.moody@wgf.state.wy.us
NR 7
TC 13
Z9 14
U1 9
U2 17
PU INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR BEAR RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT (IBA)
PI KNOXVILLE
PA UNIV, TENNESSEE, 274 ELLINGTON HALL, KNOXVILLE, TN 379996 USA
SN 1537-6176
J9 URSUS
JI Ursus
PY 2006
VL 17
IS 1
BP 63
EP 66
DI 10.2192/1537-6176(2006)17[63:DOGBIT]2.0.CO;2
PG 4
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 037ES
UT WOS:000237130100007
ER
PT S
AU Siebert, L
Alvarado, GE
Vallance, JW
de Vries, BV
AF Siebert, Lee
Alvarado, Guillermo E.
Vallance, James W.
de Vries, Benjamin van Wyk
BE Rose, WI
Bluth, GJS
Carr, MJ
Ewert, JW
Patino, LC
Vallance, JW
TI Large-volume volcanic edifice failures in Central America and associated
hazards
SO VOLCANIC HAZARDS IN CENTRAL AMERICA
SE Geological Society of America Special Papers
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
DE volcano collapse; debris avalanche; hazards; Central America
ID DEBRIS AVALANCHE DEPOSITS; CASITA-VOLCANO; AUGUSTINE VOLCANO;
MOUNT-RAINIER; EL SALVADOR; COSTA-RICA; COLLAPSE; GUATEMALA; ARC;
NICARAGUA
AB Edifice-collapse phenomena have, to date, received relatively little attention in Central America, although similar to 40 major collapse events (>= 0.1 km(3)) from about two dozen volcanoes are known or inferred in this volcanic arc. Volcanoes subjected to gravitational failure are concentrated at the arc's western and eastern ends. Failures correlate positively with volcano elevation, substrate elevation, edifice height, volcano volume, and crustal thickness and inversely with slab descent angle. Collapse orientations are strongly influenced by the direction of slope of the underlying basement, and hence are predominately perpendicular to the arc (preferentially to the south) at its extremities and display more variable failure directions in the center of the arc.
The frequency of collapse events in Central America is poorly constrained because of the lack of precise dating of deposits, but a collapse interval of similar to 1000-2000 yr has been estimated during the Holocene. These high-impact events fortunately occur at low frequency, but the proximity of many Central American volcanoes to highly populated regions, including some of the region's largest cities, requires evaluation of their hazards. The primary risks are from extremely mobile debris avalanches and associated lahars, which in Central America have impacted now-populated areas up to similar to 50 km from a source volcano. Lower probability risks associated with volcanic edifice collapse derive from laterally directed explosions and tsunamis. The principal hazards of the latter here result from potential impact of debris avalanches into natural or man-made lakes. Much work remains on identifying and describing debris-avalanche deposits in Central America. The identification of potential collapse sites and assessing and monitoring the stability of intact volcanoes is a major challenge for the next decade.
C1 [Siebert, Lee] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Global Volcanism Program, Washington, DC 20013 USA.
[Alvarado, Guillermo E.] Inst Costarricense Elect, San Jose, Costa Rica.
[Vallance, James W.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
[de Vries, Benjamin van Wyk] Univ Clermont Ferrand, Lab Magmas & Volcans, Observ Phys Globe, Clermont Ferrand, France.
RP Siebert, L (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Global Volcanism Program, MRC 119, Washington, DC 20013 USA.
NR 100
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 2
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC
PI BOULDER
PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA
SN 0072-1077
BN 978-0-8137-2412-6
J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP
PY 2006
VL 412
BP 1
EP 26
DI 10.1130/2006.2412(01)
PG 26
WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA BMG35
UT WOS:000272286100002
ER
PT S
AU Harris, AJL
Vallance, JW
Kimberly, P
Rose, WI
Matias, O
Bunzendahl, E
Flynn, LP
Garbeil, H
AF Harris, Andrew J. L.
Vallance, James W.
Kimberly, Paul
Rose, William I.
Matias, Otoniel
Bunzendahl, Elly
Flynn, Luke P.
Garbeil, Harold
BE Rose, WI
Bluth, GJS
Carr, MJ
Ewert, JW
Patino, LC
Vallance, JW
TI Downstream aggradation owing to lava dome extrusion and rainfall runoff
at Volcan Santiaguito, Guatemala
SO VOLCANIC HAZARDS IN CENTRAL AMERICA
SE Geological Society of America Special Papers
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
DE Santiaguito; lava dome; extrusion; lahar; aggradation
AB Persistent lava extrusion at the Santiaguito dome complex (Guatemala) results in continuous lahar activity and river bed aggradation downstream of the volcano. We present a simple method that uses vegetation indices extracted from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data to map impacted zones. Application of this technique to a time series of 21 TM images acquired between 1987 and 2000 allow us to map, measure, and track temporal and spatial variations in the area of lahar impact and river aggradation.
In the proximal zone of the fluvial system, these data show a positive correlation between extrusion rate at Santiaguito (E), aggradation area 12 months later (A(prox)), and rainfall during the intervening 12 months (Rain(12)): A(prox) = 3.92 + 0.50 E + 0.31 ln(Rain(12)) (r(2) = 0.79). This describes a situation in which an increase in sediment supply (extrusion rate) and/or a means to mobilize this sediment (rainfall) results in an increase in lahar activity (aggraded area). Across the medial zone, we find a positive correlation between extrusion rate and/or area of proximal aggradation and medial aggradation area (A(med)): A(med) = 18.84 - 0.05 A(prox) - 6.15 Rain(12) (r(2) = 0.85). Here the correlation between rainfall and aggradation area is negative. This describes a situation in which increased sediment supply results in an increase in lahar activity but, because it is the zone of transport, an increase in rainfall serves to increase the transport efficiency of rivers flowing through this zone. Thus, increased rainfall flushes the medial zone of sediment.
These quantitative data allow us to empirically define the links between sediment supply and mobilization in this fluvial system and to derive predictive relationships that use rainfall and extrusion rates to estimate aggradation area 12 months hence.
C1 [Harris, Andrew J. L.; Flynn, Luke P.; Garbeil, Harold] Univ Hawaii, Sch Oceanog & Earth Sci Technol, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Vallance, James W.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
[Kimberly, Paul] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA.
[Rose, William I.; Bunzendahl, Elly] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Geol Engn & Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA.
[Matias, Otoniel] INSIVUMEH, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
RP Harris, AJL (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Sch Oceanog & Earth Sci Technol, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, 2525 Correa Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
EM harris@higp.hawaii.edu
NR 21
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 1
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC
PI BOULDER
PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA
SN 0072-1077
BN 978-0-8137-2412-6
J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP
PY 2006
VL 412
BP 85
EP 104
DI 10.1130/2006.2412(05)
PG 20
WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA BMG35
UT WOS:000272286100006
ER
PT S
AU Scott, W
Gardner, C
Devoli, G
Alvarez, A
AF Scott, William
Gardner, Cynthia
Devoli, Graziella
Alvarez, Antonio
BE Rose, WI
Bluth, GJS
Carr, MJ
Ewert, JW
Patino, LC
Vallance, JW
TI The AD 1835 eruption of Volcan Cosiguina, Nicaragua: A guide for
assessing local volcanic hazards
SO VOLCANIC HAZARDS IN CENTRAL AMERICA
SE Geological Society of America Special Papers
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
DE Nicaragua; Cosiguina; historical eruption; tephra; pyroclastic flow;
hazards
AB The January 1835 eruption of Volcan Cosiguina in northwestern Nicaragua was one of the largest and most explosive in Central America since Spanish colonization. We report on the results of reconnaissance stratigraphic studies and laboratory work aimed at better defining the distribution and character of deposits emplaced by the eruption as a means of developing a preliminary hazards assessment for future eruptions. On the lower flanks of the volcano, a basal tephra-fall deposit comprises either ash and fine lithic lapilli or, locally, dacitic pumice. An overlying tephra-fall deposit forms an extensive blanket of brown to gray andesitic scoria that is 35-60 cm thick at 5-10 km from the summit-caldera rim, except southwest of the volcano, where it is considerably thinner. The scoria fall produced the most voluminous deposit of the eruption and underlies pyroclastic-surge and -flow deposits that chiefly comprise gray andesitic scoria. In northern and southeastern sectors of the volcano, these flowage deposits form broad fans and valley fills that locally reach the Gulf of Fonseca. An arcuate ridge 2 km west of the caldera rim and a low ridge east of the caldera deflected pyroclastic flows northward and southeastward. Pyroclastic flows did not reach the lower west and southwest flanks, which instead received thick, fine-grained, accretionary-lapilli-rich ashfall deposits that probably derived chiefly from ash clouds elutriated from pyroclastic flows. We estimate the total bulk volume of erupted deposits to be similar to 6 km(3). Following the eruption, lahars inundated large portions of the lower flanks, and erosion of deposits and creation of new channels triggered rapid alluviation. Pre-1835 eruptions are poorly dated; however, scoria-fall, pyroclastic-flow, and lahar deposits record a penultimate eruption of smaller magnitude than that of 1835. It occurred a few centuries earlier-perhaps in the fifteenth century. An undated sequence of thick tephra-fall deposits on the west flank of the volcano records tens of eruptions, some of which were greater in magnitude than that of 1835. Weathering evidence suggests this sequence is at least several thousand years old. The wide extent of pyroclastic flows and thick tephra fall during 1835, the greater magnitude of some previous Holocene eruptions, and the location of Cosiguina on a peninsula limit the options to reduce risk during future unrest and eruption.
C1 [Scott, William; Gardner, Cynthia] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
[Devoli, Graziella; Alvarez, Antonio] Inst Nicaraguense Estudios Terr INETER, Managua, Nicaragua.
RP Scott, W (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Court, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
NR 19
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 0
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC
PI BOULDER
PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA
SN 0072-1077
BN 978-0-8137-2412-6
J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP
PY 2006
VL 412
BP 167
EP 187
DI 10.1130/2006.2412(09)
PG 21
WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA BMG35
UT WOS:000272286100010
ER
PT S
AU Alvarado, GE
Carr, MJ
Turrin, BD
Swisher, CC
Schmincke, HU
Hudnut, KW
AF Alvarado, Guillermo E.
Carr, Michael J.
Turrin, Brent D.
Swisher, Carl C., III
Schmincke, Hans-Ulrich
Hudnut, Kenneth W.
BE Rose, WI
Bluth, GJS
Carr, MJ
Ewert, JW
Patino, LC
Vallance, JW
TI Recent volcanic history of Irazu volcano, Costa Rica: Alternation and
mixing of two magma batches, and pervasive mixing
SO VOLCANIC HAZARDS IN CENTRAL AMERICA
SE Geological Society of America Special Papers
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
DE Costa Rica; Irazu volcano; magma mixing and commingling; magma batches;
recent stratigraphy; (40)Ar/(39)Ar dating; hazards
ID U-SERIES SYSTEMATICS; CENTRAL-AMERICA; TRACE-ELEMENT; LAVAS;
GEOCHEMISTRY; NICARAGUA; ANDESITES; GENESIS; ROCKS; ARC
AB (40)Ar/(39)Ar dates, field observations, and geochemical data are reported for Irazu volcano, Costa Rica. Volcanism dates back to at least 854 ka, but has been episodic with lava shield construction peaks at ca. 570 ka and 136-0 ka. The recent volcanic record on Irazu volcano comprises lava flows and a variety of Strombolian and phreatomagmatic deposits, with a long-term trend toward more hydrovolcanic deposits. Banded scorias and hybridized rocks reflect ubiquitous magma mixing and commingling. Two distinct magma batches have been identified. One magma type or batch, Haya, includes basalt with higher high field strength (HFS) and rare-earth element contents, suggesting a lower degree melt of a subduction modified mantle source. The second batch, Sapper, has greater enrichment of large ion lithophile elements (LILE) relative to HFS elements and rare-earth elements, suggesting a higher subduction signature. The recent volcanic history at Irazu records two and one half sequences of the following pattern: eruptions of the Haya batch; eruptions of the Sapper batch; and finally, an unusually clear unconformity, indicating a pause in eruptions. In the last two sequences, strongly hybridized magma erupted after the eruption of the Haya batch. The continuing presence of two distinct magma batches requires two active magma chambers. The common occurrence of hybrids is evidence for a small, nearer to the surface chamber for mixing the two batches. Estimated pre-eruptive temperatures based on two-pyroxene geothermometry range from similar to 1000-1176 degrees C in basalts to 922 degrees C in hornblende andesites. Crystallization occurred mainly between 4.6 and 3 kb as measured by different geobarometers. Hybridized rocks show intermediate pressures and temperatures. High silica magma occurs in very small volumes as banded scorias but not as lava flows. Although eruptions at Irazu are not often very explosive, the pervasiveness of magma mixing presents the danger of larger, more explosive hybrid eruptions.
C1 [Carr, Michael J.; Turrin, Brent D.; Swisher, Carl C., III] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA.
[Hudnut, Kenneth W.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA.
[Schmincke, Hans-Ulrich] Leibniz Inst Marine Sci, IfM GEOMAR, D-24148 Kiel, Germany.
EM galvaradoi@ice.go.cr; carr@rutgers.edu; bturrin@rci.rutgers.edu;
cswish@rci.rutgers.edu; h-u.schmincke@t-online.de; hudnut@usgs.gov;
carr@rutgers.edu
NR 52
TC 14
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 1
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC
PI BOULDER
PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA
SN 0072-1077
BN 978-0-8137-2412-6
J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP
PY 2006
VL 412
BP 259
EP 276
DI 10.1130/2006.2412(14)
PG 18
WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA BMG35
UT WOS:000272286100015
ER
PT S
AU Insinga, D
Calvert, AT
Lanphere, MA
Morra, V
Perrotta, A
Sacchi, M
Scarpati, C
Saburomaru, J
Fedele, L
AF Insinga, Donatella
Calvert, Andrew T.
Lanphere, Marvin A.
Morra, Vincenzo
Perrotta, Annamaria
Sacchi, Marco
Scarpati, Claudio
Saburomaru, James
Fedele, Lorenzo
BE DeVivo, B
TI The Late-Holocene evolution of the Miseno area (south-western Campi
Flegrei) as inferred by stratigraphy, petrochemistry and Ar-40/Ar-39
geochronology
SO VOLCANISM IN THE CAMPANIA PLAIN: VESUVIUS, CAMPI FLEGREI AND IGNIMBRITES
SE Developments in Volcanology
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID NEAPOLITAN YELLOW TUFF; EASTERN TYRRHENIAN SEA; MAGMATIC SYSTEM; LEVEL
CHANGE; CALDERA; ERUPTION; VOLCANISM; RESTLESS; DEFORMATION; CONSTRAINTS
AB This study on terrestrial and marine successions increases the understanding of the Late-Holocene volcanological and stratigraphical evolution of the south-western part of Campi Flegrei caldera.
Stratigraphic data derived from field studies of two major tuff vents located along the coastal zone, namely Porto Miseno and Capo Miseno, clearly indicate that the Porto Miseno tuff ring slightly predates the Capo Miseno tuff cone. Ar-40/Ar-39 step-heating experiments, carried out on fresh sanidine separates from pumice samples, yielded a plateau age of 5090 +/- 140 yr BP for Capo Miseno and 6490 +/- 510 yr BP for Porto Miseno vent, thus confirming field observations.
The volcanoclastic input derived from this recent and intense eruptive activity played a major role in the inner-shelf stratigraphic evolution of the Porto Miseno Bay deposits that have been drilled up to 40 m depth off the crater rim. The cored succession is characterised by transgressive marine deposits (mostly volcanic sand) with two intercalated peat layers (t(1) and t(2)), dated at 3560 +/- 40 yr BP and 7815 +/- 55 yr BP (C-14), respectively, interbedded with a 1-5 m thick pumice layer (tephra C). Peat layers have been chronostratigraphically correlated with two widespread paleosols onland while petrochemical analyses allowed us to correlate tephra C with the Capo Miseno tuff cone deposits.
The results presented in this study imply a Late-Holocene volcanic activity that is also well preserved in the marine record in this sector of the caldera where a new chronostratigraphic reconstruction of the eruptive events is required in order to better evaluate the hazard assessment of the area.
C1 [Insinga, Donatella; Sacchi, Marco] CNR, IAMC, I-80133 Naples, Italy.
[Calvert, Andrew T.; Lanphere, Marvin A.; Saburomaru, James] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Morra, Vincenzo; Fedele, Lorenzo] Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Terra, I-80138 Naples, Italy.
[Perrotta, Annamaria; Scarpati, Claudio] Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Geofis & Vulcanol, I-80134 Naples, Italy.
RP Insinga, D (reprint author), CNR, IAMC, Calata Pta Massa, I-80133 Naples, Italy.
EM donatella.insinga@iamc.cnr.it
RI Morra, Vincenzo/H-6125-2011; Sacchi, Marco/F-7517-2013;
OI Morra, Vincenzo/0000-0002-3310-8603; Sacchi, Marco/0000-0003-2386-1156;
Insinga, Donatella Domenica/0000-0002-2147-0146
NR 59
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1871-644X
BN 978-0-08-048166-1
J9 DEV VOLCANO
PY 2006
VL 9
BP 97
EP 124
PG 28
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology
GA BCN94
UT WOS:000310804400007
ER
PT S
AU Fedele, L
Tarzia, M
Belkin, HE
De Vivo, B
Lima, A
Lowenstern, JB
AF Fedele, Luca
Tarzia, Maurizio
Belkin, Harvey E.
De Vivo, Benedetto
Lima, Annamaria
Lowenstern, Jacob B.
BE DeVivo, B
TI Magmatic-hydrothermal fluid interaction and mineralization in
alkali-syenite nodules from the Breccia Museo pyroclastic deposit,
Naples, Italy
SO VOLCANISM IN THE CAMPANIA PLAIN: VESUVIUS, CAMPI FLEGREI AND IGNIMBRITES
SE Developments in Volcanology
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID RARE-EARTH-ELEMENTS; MT-SOMMA-VESUVIUS; CAMPI-FLEGREI; SYSTEM H2O-NACL;
SILICATE MELT; INCLUSION; EVOLUTION; VAPOR; XENOLITHS; IMMISCIBILITY
AB The Breccia Museo, a pyroclastic flow that crops out in the Campi Flegrei volcanic complex (Naples, Italy), contains alkali-syenite (trachyte) nodules with enrichment in Cl and incompatible elements (e.g., U, Zr, Th, and rare-earth elements). Zircon was dated at similar to 52 ka, by U-Th isotope systematics using a SHRIMP. Scanning electron microscope and electron microprobe analysis of the constituent phases have documented the mineralogical and textural evolution of the nodules of feldspar and mafic accumulations on the magma chamber margins. Detailed electron microprobe data are given for alkali and plagioclase feldspar, salite to ferrosalite clinopyroxene, pargasite, ferropargasite, magnesio-hastingsite hornblende amphibole, biotite mica, Cl-rich scapolite, and a member (probable davyne-type) of the cancrinite group. Detailed whole rock, major and minor element data are also presented for selected nodules. A wide variety of common and uncommon accessory minerals were identified such as zircon, baddeleyite, zirconolite, pollucite, sodalite, titanite, monazite, cheralite, apatite, titanomagnetite and its alteration products, scheelite, ferberite, uraninite/thorianite, uranpyrochlore, thorite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, and galena. Scanning electron microscope analysis of opened fluid inclusions identified halite, sylvite, anhydrite, tungstates, carbonates, silicates, sulfides, and phosphates; most are probably daughter minerals. Microthermometric determinations on secondary fluid inclusions hosted by alkali feldspar define a temperature regime dominated by hypersaline aqueous fluids. Fluid-inclusion temperature data and mineral-pair geothermometers for coexisting feldspars and hornblende and plagioclase were used to construct a pressure-temperature scenario for the development and evolution of the nodules. We have compared the environment of porphyry copper formation and the petrogenetic environment constructed for the studied nodules. The suite of ore minerals observed in the nodules supports a potential for mineralization, which is similar to that observed in the alkaline volcanic systems of southern Italy (Pantelleria, Pontine Archipelago, Mt. Somma-Vesuvius).
C1 [Fedele, Luca; Tarzia, Maurizio; De Vivo, Benedetto; Lima, Annamaria] Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Terra, I-80134 Naples, Italy.
[Belkin, Harvey E.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Lowenstern, Jacob B.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Fedele, L (reprint author), Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Terra, Via Mezzocannone 8, I-80134 Naples, Italy.
EM lufedele@unina.it
NR 81
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1871-644X
BN 978-0-08-048166-1
J9 DEV VOLCANO
PY 2006
VL 9
BP 125
EP 161
PG 37
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology
GA BCN94
UT WOS:000310804400008
ER
PT S
AU Piochi, M
De Vivo, B
Ayuso, RA
AF Piochi, M.
De Vivo, B.
Ayuso, R. A.
BE DeVivo, B
TI The magma feeding system of Somma-Vesuvius (Italy) strato-volcano: new
inferences from a review of geochemical and Sr, Nd, Pb and O isotope
data
SO VOLCANISM IN THE CAMPANIA PLAIN: VESUVIUS, CAMPI FLEGREI AND IGNIMBRITES
SE Developments in Volcanology
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID 1944 ERUPTION; MT. VESUVIUS; HISTORICAL LAVAS; FLUID INCLUSION; MOUNT
VESUVIUS; CONSTRAINTS; EVOLUTION; ROCKS; CHAMBER; BEHAVIOR
AB A large database of major, trace and isotope (Sr, Nd, Pb, O) data exists for rocks produced by the volcanic activity of Somma-Vesuvius volcano. Variation diagrams strongly suggest a major role for evolutionary processes such as fractional crystallization, contamination, crystal trapping and magma mixing, occurring after magma genesis in the mantle. Most mafic magmas are enriched in LILE (Light Ion Lithophile Elements; K, Rb, Ba), REE (Ce, Sm) and Y, show small Nb-Ta negative anomalies, and have values of Nb/Zr at about 0.15. Enrichments in LILE, REE, Nb and Ta do not correlate with Sr isotope values or degree of both K enrichment and silica undersaturation. The results indicate mantle source heterogeneity produced by slab-derived components beneath the volcano. However, the Sr isotope values of Somma-Vesuvius increase from 0.7071 up to 0.7081 with transport through the uppermost 11-12 km of the crust. The Sr isotope variation suggests that the crustal component affected the magmas during ascent through the lithosphere to the surface. Our new geochemical assessment based on chemical, isotopic and fluid inclusion data points to the existence of three main levels of magma storage. Two of the levels are deep and may represent long-lived reservoirs; the uppermost crustal level probably coincides with the volcanic conduit. The deeper level of magma storage is deeper than 12 km and fed the 1944 AD eruption. The intermediate level coincides with the seismic discontinuity detected by Zollo et al. (1996) at about 8 km. This intermediate level supplies magmas with Sr-87/Sr-86 values between 0.7071 and 0.7074, and delta O-18 <8 parts per thousand that typically erupted both during inter-plinian (i.e. 1906 AD) and sub-plinian (472 AD, 1631 AD) events. The shallowest level of magma storage at about 5 km was the site of magma chambers for the Pompei and Avellino plinian eruptions. New investigations are necessary to verify the proposed magma feeding system.
C1 [Piochi, M.] Osserv Vesuviano, Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Naples, Italy.
[De Vivo, B.] Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Terra, Naples, Italy.
[Ayuso, R. A.] US Geol Survey, MS Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA 22092 USA.
RP Piochi, M (reprint author), Osserv Vesuviano, Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Naples, Italy.
EM piochi@ov.ingv.it
NR 87
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1871-644X
BN 978-0-08-048166-1
J9 DEV VOLCANO
PY 2006
VL 9
BP 181
EP 202
PG 22
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology
GA BCN94
UT WOS:000310804400010
ER
PT S
AU Bohrson, WA
Spera, FJ
Fowler, SJ
Belkin, HE
De Vivo, B
Rolandi, G
AF Bohrson, Wendy A.
Spera, Frank J.
Fowler, Sarah J.
Belkin, Harvey E.
De Vivo, Benedetto
Rolandi, Giuseppe
BE DeVivo, B
TI Petrogenesis of the Campanian Ignimbrite: implications for crystal-melt
separation and open-system processes from major and trace elements and
Th isotopic data
SO VOLCANISM IN THE CAMPANIA PLAIN: VESUVIUS, CAMPI FLEGREI AND IGNIMBRITES
SE Developments in Volcanology
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID CAMPI FLEGREI CALDERA; ENERGY-CONSTRAINED ASSIMILATION; LAACHER SEE
TEPHRA; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; FRACTIONAL CRYSTALLIZATION; MAGMATIC
PROCESSES; PHLEGREAN FIELDS; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; PHLEGRAEAN FIELDS; ERUPTIVE
DYNAMICS
AB The Campanian Ignimbrite is a large-volume trachytic to phonolitic ignimbrite that was deposited at similar to 39.3 ka and represents one of a number of highly explosive volcanic events that have occurred in the region near Naples, Italy. Thermodynamic modeling using the MELTS algorithm reveals that major element variations are dominated by crystal-liquid separation at 0.15 GPa. Initial dissolved H2O content in the parental melt is similar to 3 wt.% and the magmatic system fugacity of oxygen was buffered along QFM + 1. Significantly, MELTS results also indicate that the liquid line of descent is marked by a large change in the proportion of melt (from 0.46 to 0.09) at similar to 884 degrees C, which leads to a discontinuity in melt composition (i.e., a compositional gap) and different thermodynamic and transport properties of melt and magma across the gap. Crystallization of alkali feldspar and plagioclase dominates the phase assemblage at this pseudo-invariant point temperature of similar to 884 degrees C. Evaluation of the variations in the trace elements Zr, Nb, Th, U, Rb, Sm, and Sr using a mass balance equation that accounts for changing bulk mineral-melt partition coefficients as crystallization occurs indicates that crystal-liquid separation and open-system processes were important. Th isotope data yield an apparent isochron that is similar to 20 kyr younger than the age of the deposit, and age-corrected Th isotope data indicate that the magma body was an open system at the time of eruption. Because open-system behavior can profoundly change isotopic and elemental characteristics of a magma body, these Th results illustrate that it is critical to understand the contribution that open-system processes make to magmatic systems prior to assigning relevance to age or timescale information derived from such systems. Fluid-magma interaction has been proposed as a mechanism to change isotopic and elemental characteristics of magma bodies, but an evaluation of the mass and thermal constraints on such a process suggests large-scale interaction is unlikely. In the case of the magma body associated with the Campanian Ignimbrite, the most likely source of the open-system signatures is assimilation of partial melts of compositionally heterogeneous basement composed of cumulates and intrusive equivalents of volcanic activity that has characterized the Campanian region for over 300 kyr.
C1 [Bohrson, Wendy A.] Cent Washington Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA.
[Spera, Frank J.; Fowler, Sarah J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Spera, Frank J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Crustal Studies, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Belkin, Harvey E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[De Vivo, Benedetto; Rolandi, Giuseppe] Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Terra, I-80134 Naples, Italy.
RP Bohrson, WA (reprint author), Cent Washington Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA.
EM bohrson@geology.cwu.edu
NR 81
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 1
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1871-644X
BN 978-0-08-048166-1; 978-0-44-452175-0
J9 DEV VOLCANO
PY 2006
VL 9
BP 249
EP 288
PG 40
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology
GA BCN94
UT WOS:000310804400014
ER
PT J
AU Dzurisin, D
AF Dzurisin, Daniel
BA Dzurisin, D
BF Dzurisin, D
TI The modern volcanologist's tool kit
SO VOLCANO DEFORMATION: GEODETIC MONITORING TECHNIQUES
SE Springer Praxis Books
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
C1 US Geol Survey, David A Johnston Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
RP Dzurisin, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, David A Johnston Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Court, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
BN 978-3-540-49302-0
J9 SPRINGER-PRAX BOOKS
PY 2006
BP 1
EP 31
D2 10.1007/978-3-540-49302-0
PG 31
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology
GA BLQ38
UT WOS:000270796100003
ER
PT J
AU Tilling, RI
AF Tilling, Robert I.
BA Dzurisin, D
BF Dzurisin, D
TI Volcano Deformation Geodetic Monitoring Techniques Foreword
SO VOLCANO DEFORMATION: GEODETIC MONITORING TECHNIQUES
SE Springer Praxis Books
LA English
DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter
ID LONG-VALLEY-CALDERA; MOUNT-ST-HELENS; SATELLITE RADAR INTERFEROMETRY;
SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; MEDICINE LAKE
VOLCANO; 1906 SAN-FRANCISCO; CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE; FLUID-DRIVEN
CRACK; ELASTIC HALF-SPACE
C1 [Tilling, Robert I.] US Geol Survey, Los Altos Hills, CA 94022 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
BN 978-3-540-49302-0
J9 SPRINGER-PRAX BOOKS
PY 2006
BP XIII
EP +
D2 10.1007/978-3-540-49302-0
PG 30
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology
GA BLQ38
UT WOS:000270796100001
ER
PT J
AU Dzurisin, D
AF Dzurisin, Daniel
BA Dzurisin, D
BF Dzurisin, D
TI Classical surveying techniques
SO VOLCANO DEFORMATION: GEODETIC MONITORING TECHNIQUES
SE Springer Praxis Books
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
C1 US Geol Survey, David A Johnston Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
RP Dzurisin, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, David A Johnston Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Court, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
BN 978-3-540-49302-0
J9 SPRINGER-PRAX BOOKS
PY 2006
BP 33
EP 80
DI 10.1007/978-3-540-49302-0_2
D2 10.1007/978-3-540-49302-0
PG 48
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology
GA BLQ38
UT WOS:000270796100004
ER
PT J
AU Dzurisin, D
AF Dzurisin, Daniel
BA Dzurisin, D
BF Dzurisin, D
TI Continuous monitoring with in situ sensors
SO VOLCANO DEFORMATION: GEODETIC MONITORING TECHNIQUES
SE Springer Praxis Books
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
C1 US Geol Survey, David A Johnston Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
RP Dzurisin, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, David A Johnston Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Court, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
BN 978-3-540-49302-0
J9 SPRINGER-PRAX BOOKS
PY 2006
BP 81
EP 109
DI 10.1007/978-3-540-49302-0_3
D2 10.1007/978-3-540-49302-0
PG 29
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology
GA BLQ38
UT WOS:000270796100005
ER
PT J
AU Dzurisin, D
AF Dzurisin, Daniel
BA Dzurisin, D
BF Dzurisin, D
TI The Global Positioning System: A multipurpose tool
SO VOLCANO DEFORMATION: GEODETIC MONITORING TECHNIQUES
SE Springer Praxis Books
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
C1 US Geol Survey, David A Johnston Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
RP Dzurisin, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, David A Johnston Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Court, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
BN 978-3-540-49302-0
J9 SPRINGER-PRAX BOOKS
PY 2006
BP 111
EP 152
DI 10.1007/978-3-540-49302-0_4
D2 10.1007/978-3-540-49302-0
PG 42
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology
GA BLQ38
UT WOS:000270796100006
ER
PT J
AU Dzurisin, D
Lu, Z
AF Dzurisin, Daniel
Lu, Zhong
BA Dzurisin, D
BF Dzurisin, D
TI Interferometric synthetic-aperture radar (InSAR)
SO VOLCANO DEFORMATION: GEODETIC MONITORING TECHNIQUES
SE Springer Praxis Books
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
C1 [Dzurisin, Daniel] US Geol Survey, David A Johnston Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
[Lu, Zhong] US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
RP Dzurisin, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, David A Johnston Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Court, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
NR 0
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 2
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
BN 978-3-540-49302-0
J9 SPRINGER-PRAX BOOKS
PY 2006
BP 153
EP 194
DI 10.1007/978-3-540-49302-0_5
D2 10.1007/978-3-540-49302-0
PG 42
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology
GA BLQ38
UT WOS:000270796100007
ER
PT J
AU Thompson, RA
Schilling, SP
AF Thompson, Ren A.
Schilling, Steve P.
BA Dzurisin, D
BF Dzurisin, D
TI Photogrammetry
SO VOLCANO DEFORMATION: GEODETIC MONITORING TECHNIQUES
SE Springer Praxis Books
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
C1 [Thompson, Ren A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Schilling, Steve P.] US Geol Survey, David A Johnston Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
RP Thompson, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,Denver Fed Ctr,MS 913, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
BN 978-3-540-49302-0
J9 SPRINGER-PRAX BOOKS
PY 2006
BP 195
EP 221
DI 10.1007/978-3-540-49302-0_6
D2 10.1007/978-3-540-49302-0
PG 27
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology
GA BLQ38
UT WOS:000270796100008
ER
PT J
AU Lisowski, M
AF Lisowski, Michael
BA Dzurisin, D
BF Dzurisin, D
TI Analytical volcano deformation source models
SO VOLCANO DEFORMATION: GEODETIC MONITORING TECHNIQUES
SE Springer Praxis Books
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
C1 US Geol Survey, David A Johnston Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
RP Lisowski, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, David A Johnston Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Court, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
NR 0
TC 23
Z9 24
U1 1
U2 2
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
BN 978-3-540-49302-0
J9 SPRINGER-PRAX BOOKS
PY 2006
BP 279
EP 304
DI 10.1007/978-3-540-49302-0_8
D2 10.1007/978-3-540-49302-0
PG 26
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology
GA BLQ38
UT WOS:000270796100010
ER
PT J
AU Roeloffs, EA
Linde, AT
AF Roeloffs, Evelyn A.
Linde, Alan T.
BA Dzurisin, D
BF Dzurisin, D
TI Borehole observations of continuous strain and fluid pressure
SO VOLCANO DEFORMATION: GEODETIC MONITORING TECHNIQUES
SE Springer Praxis Books
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
C1 [Roeloffs, Evelyn A.] US Geol Survey, David A Johnston Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
[Linde, Alan T.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA.
RP Roeloffs, EA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, David A Johnston Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Court, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
NR 0
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
BN 978-3-540-49302-0
J9 SPRINGER-PRAX BOOKS
PY 2006
BP 305
EP 322
DI 10.1007/978-3-540-49302-0_9
D2 10.1007/978-3-540-49302-0
PG 18
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology
GA BLQ38
UT WOS:000270796100011
ER
PT J
AU Fournier, RO
AF Fournier, Robert O.
BA Dzurisin, D
BF Dzurisin, D
TI Hydrothermal systems and volcano geochemistry
SO VOLCANO DEFORMATION: GEODETIC MONITORING TECHNIQUES
SE Springer Praxis Books
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
C1 [Fournier, Robert O.] US Geol Survey, Portola Valley, CA 94028 USA.
NR 0
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
BN 978-3-540-49302-0
J9 SPRINGER-PRAX BOOKS
PY 2006
BP 323
EP 341
DI 10.1007/978-3-540-49302-0_10
D2 10.1007/978-3-540-49302-0
PG 19
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology
GA BLQ38
UT WOS:000270796100012
ER
PT J
AU Dzurisin, D
AF Dzurisin, Daniel
BA Dzurisin, D
BF Dzurisin, D
TI Challenges and opportunities for the 21st century
SO VOLCANO DEFORMATION: GEODETIC MONITORING TECHNIQUES
SE Springer Praxis Books
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
C1 US Geol Survey, David A Johnston Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
RP Dzurisin, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, David A Johnston Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Court, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
BN 978-3-540-49302-0
J9 SPRINGER-PRAX BOOKS
PY 2006
BP 343
EP 362
DI 10.1007/978-3-540-49302-0_11
D2 10.1007/978-3-540-49302-0
PG 20
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology
GA BLQ38
UT WOS:000270796100013
ER
PT J
AU Friedman, JM
Auble, GT
Andrews, ED
Kittel, G
Madole, RF
Griffin, ER
Allred, TM
AF Friedman, JM
Auble, GT
Andrews, ED
Kittel, G
Madole, RF
Griffin, ER
Allred, TM
TI Transverse and longitudinal variation in woody riparian vegetation along
a montane river
SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
DE Populus angustifolia; recurrence interval; inundation; tributary; flood;
channel change; gradient analysis
ID PLAINS COTTONWOOD; FLOODPLAIN FOREST; SPECIES RICHNESS; PATTERNS;
CHANNEL; STREAMS; MOUNTAINS; USA; ESTABLISHMENT; WASHINGTON
AB This study explores how the relationship between flow and riparian vegetation varies along a montane river. We mapped occurrence of woody riparian plant communities along 58 km of the San Miguel River in southwestern Colorado. We determined the recurrence interval of inundation for each plant community by combining step-backwater hydraulic modeling at 4 representative reaches with Log-Pearson analysis of 4 stream gaging stations. Finally, we mapped bottomland surficial geology and used a Geographic Information System to overlay the coverages of geology and vegetation. Plant communities were distinctly arrayed along the hydrologic gradient. The Salix exigua Nuttall (sand-bar willow) community occurred mostly on surfaces with a recurrence interval of inundation shorter than 2.2 years; the Betula occidentalis Hooker (river birch) community peaked on sites with recurrence intervals of inundation between 2.2 and 4.6 years. The hydrologic position occupied by communities dominated by Populus angustifolia James (narrowleaf cottonwood) was strongly related to age of trees and species composition of understory shrubs. The fraction of riparian vegetation on surfaces historically inundated by the river decreased in the upstream direction from almost 100% near Uravan to < 50% along the South Fork of the San Miguel River. In upstream reaches much of the physical disturbance necessary to maintain riparian vegetation is provided by valley-side processes including debris flows, floods from minor tributaries, landslides, and beaver activity. Where valley-side processes are important, prediction of riparian vegetation change based on alterations of river flow will be incomplete.
C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
NatureServe, Boulder, CO 80302 USA.
US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80304 USA.
Allred Restorat Inc, Orem, UT 84057 USA.
RP Friedman, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
OI Friedman, Jonathan/0000-0002-1329-0663
NR 51
TC 18
Z9 20
U1 2
U2 13
PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV
PI PROVO
PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA
SN 1527-0904
J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST
JI West. North Am. Naturalist
PD JAN
PY 2006
VL 66
IS 1
BP 78
EP 91
DI 10.3398/1527-0904(2006)66[78:TALVIW]2.0.CO;2
PG 14
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 015DA
UT WOS:000235530900007
ER
PT J
AU Chong, GW
Otsuki, Y
Stohlgren, TJ
Guenther, D
Evangelista, P
Villa, C
Waters, A
AF Chong, GW
Otsuki, Y
Stohlgren, TJ
Guenther, D
Evangelista, P
Villa, C
Waters, A
TI Evaluating plant invasions from both habitat and species perspectives
SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
DE invasive species; cheatgrass; Bromus tectorum; tamarisk; Tamarix spp.;
normative species; exotic species; Grand Staircase-Escalante National
Monument; multiscale sampling; modified-Whittaker plots; biological soil
crusts
ID BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; CENTRAL GRASSLANDS; RIPARIAN ZONES; GLOBAL CHANGE;
INVASIBILITY; DIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES; CLASSIFICATION; ECOLOGY; SEARCH
AB We present an approach to quantitatively assess normative plant invasions at landscape scales from both habitat and species perspectives. Our case study included 34 normative species found in 142 plots (0.1 ha) in 14 vegetation types within the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, Utah. A plot invasion index, based on normative species richness and cover, showed that only 16 of 142 plots were heavily invaded. A species invasive index, based on frequency, cover, and number of vegetation types invaded, showed that only 7 of 34 plant species were highly invasive. Multiple regressions using habitat characteristics (moisture index, elevation, soil P, native species richness, maximum crust development class, bare ground, and rock) explained 60% of variation in normative species richness and 46% of variation in Donnative species cover. Three mesic habitats (aspen, wet meadow, and perennial riparian types) were particularly invaded (31 of 34 normative species studied were found in these types). Species -specific logistic regression Models for the 7 most invasive species correctly predicted occurrence 89% of the time on average (from 80% for Bromus tectorum, a habitat generalist, to 93% for Tamarix spp., a habitat specialist). Even with such a modest sampling intensity (< 0.1% of the landscape), this multiscale sampling scheme was effective at evaluating habitat vulnerability to invasion and the occurrence of the 7 most invasive normative species. This approach could be applied in other natural areas to develop strategies to document invasive species and invaded habitats.
C1 Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
RP Chong, GW (reprint author), Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Box 173492, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
RI Evangelista, Paul/F-4801-2011; Evangelista, Paul/D-2315-2016
NR 56
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 14
PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV
PI PROVO
PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA
SN 1527-0904
J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST
JI West. North Am. Naturalist
PD JAN
PY 2006
VL 66
IS 1
BP 92
EP 105
DI 10.3398/1527-0904(2006)66[92:EPIFBH]2.0.CO;2
PG 14
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 015DA
UT WOS:000235530900008
ER
PT S
AU Cahoon, DR
Hensel, PF
Spencer, T
Reed, DJ
McKee, KL
Saintilan, N
AF Cahoon, Donald R.
Hensel, Philippe F.
Spencer, Tom
Reed, Denise J.
McKee, Karen L.
Saintilan, Neil
BE Verheven, JTA
Beltman, B
Bobbink, R
Whigham, DF
TI Coastal wetland vulnerability to relative sea-level rise: Wetland
elevation trends and process controls
SO WETLANDS AND NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
SE Ecological Studies-Analysis and Synthesis
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 7th INTECOL International Wetland Conference
CY JUL 25-30, 2004
CL Utrecht, NETHERLANDS
SP Utrecht Univ, Landscape Ecol Grp, Int & Natl Sci Comm
ID HIGH-PRECISION MEASUREMENTS; SEDIMENTATION-EROSION TABLE; SALT-MARSH;
SURFACE ELEVATION; VERTICAL ACCRETION; MANGROVE FORESTS; SUBSIDENCE;
TRANSPORT; DYNAMICS; DELTA
C1 [Cahoon, Donald R.; Hensel, Philippe F.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA.
[Spencer, Tom] Univ Cambridge, Dept Geog, Cambridge, England.
[Reed, Denise J.] Univ New Orleans, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Orleans, LA USA.
[McKee, Karen L.] Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, US Geolog Survey, Lafayette, CA USA.
[Saintilan, Neil] Dept Environ & Conservat, Sci Policy div, Rivers & Wetland Unit, Sydney, NSW 1232, Australia.
RP Cahoon, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA.
EM don_cahoon@usgs.gov; philippe_hensel@usgs.gov; ts111@hermes.cam.ac.uk;
djreed@uno.edu; karen_mckee@usgs.gov;
neil.saintilan@environment.nsw.gov.au
NR 54
TC 95
Z9 98
U1 5
U2 53
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 0070-8356
BN 3-540-33186-7
J9 ECOL STUD-ANAL SYNTH
JI Ecol. Stud.
PY 2006
VL 190
BP 271
EP +
PG 5
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources
GA BFN79
UT WOS:000243354900012
ER
PT S
AU Middleton, B
Grootjans, A
Jensen, K
Venterink, HO
Margoczi, K
AF Middleton, Beth
Grootjans, Ab
Jensen, Kai
Venterink, Harry Olde
Margoczi, Katalin
BE Bobbink, R
Beltman, B
Verhoeven, JTA
Whigham, DF
TI Fen management and research perspectives: An overview
SO WETLANDS: FUNCTIONING, BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION, AND RESTORATION
SE Ecological Studies-Analysis and Synthesis
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 7th INTECOL International Wetland Conference
CY JUL 25-30, 2004
CL Utrecht, NETHERLANDS
SP Utrecht Univ, Landscape Ecol Grp, Int & Natl Sci Comm
ID FRESH-WATER WETLANDS; SOIL SEED BANK; DORMANCY CYCLES; SEDGE MEADOW;
DUNE SLACK; RESTORATION; VEGETATION; WET; GERMINATION; NETHERLANDS
C1 USGS, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
RP Middleton, B (reprint author), USGS, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
EM beth_middleton@usgs.gov; a.p.grootjans@biol.rug.nl;
kjensen@iangbot.uni-hamburg.de; harry.oldeventerink@ethz.ch;
margoczi@bio.u-szeged.hu
RI olde Venterink, Harry/K-9547-2015
OI olde Venterink, Harry/0000-0002-8963-1153
NR 84
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 6
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 0070-8356
BN 3-540-33188-3
J9 ECOL STUD-ANAL SYNTH
JI Ecol. Stud.
PY 2006
VL 191
BP 247
EP +
PG 5
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Water Resources
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water
Resources
GA BFN82
UT WOS:000243355500011
ER
PT S
AU Eble, CF
Grady, WC
Pierce, BS
AF Eble, Cortland F.
Grady, William C.
Pierce, Brenda S.
BE Greb, SF
DiMichele, WA
TI Compositional characteristics and inferred origin of three Late
Pennsylvanian coal beds from the northern Appalachian Basin
SO WETLANDS THROUGH TIME
SE Geological Society of America Special Papers
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
DE coal; Appalachian; palynology; petrography; geochemistry
ID PALEOCLIMATE CONTROLS; PEAT FORMATION; USA
AB The Pittsburgh, Redstone, and Sewickley coal beds all occur in the Late Pennsylvanian Pittsburgh Formation of the Monongahela Group in the northern Appalachian Basin. The goal of this study is to compare and contrast the palynology, petrography, and geochemistry of the three coals, specifically with regard to mire formation, and the resulting impacts on coal composition and occurrence. Comparisons between thick (>1.0 m) and thin (<0.3 m) columns of each coal bed are made as well to document any changes that occur between more central and more peripheral areas of the three paleomires.
The Pittsburgh coal bed, which is thick (>1m) and continuous over a very large area (over 17,800 km(2)), consists of a rider coal zone (several benches of coal intercalated with clastic partings) and a main coal. The main coal contains two widespread bone coal, fusain, and carbonaceous shale partings that divide it into three parts: the breast coal at the top, the brick coal in the middle, and the bottom coal at the base. Thymospora thiessenii, a type of tree fern spore, is exceptionally abundant in the Pittsburgh coal and serves to distinguish it palynologically from the Redstone and Sewickley coal beds. Higher percentages of Crassispora kosankei (produced by Sigillaria, a lycopod tree), gymnosperm pollen, and inertinite are found in association with one of the extensive partings, but not in the other. There is little compositional difference between the thin and thick Pittsburgh columns that were analyzed.
The Redstone coal bed is co-dominated by tree fern and calamite spores and contains no Thymospora thiessenii. Rather, Laevigatosporites minimus, Punctatisporites minutus, and Punctatisporites parvipunctatus are the most common tree fern representatives in the Redstone coal. Endosporites globiformis, which does not occur in the Pittsburgh coal, is commonly found near the base of the coal bed, and in and around inorganic partings. In this respect, Endosporites mimics the distribution of Crassispora kosankei in the Pittsburgh coal. Small fern spores are also more abundant in the Redstone coal bed than they are in the Pittsburgh coal. Overall, the Redstone coal bed contains more vitrinite, ash, and sulfur than the Pittsburgh coal. The distribution of the Redstone coal is much more podlike, indicating strong paleotopographic control on its development. Compositionally, there are major differences between the thin and thick Redstone columns, with higher amounts of Endosporites globiformis, gymnosperm pollen, inertinite, ash, and sulfur occurring in the thin column.
The Sewickley coal bed is palynologically similar to the Redstone coal in that it is co-dominated by tree fern and calamite spores, with elevated percentages of small fern spores. Tree fern species distribution is different, however, with Thymospora thiessenii and T. pseudothiessenii being more prevalent in the Sewickley. The distribution of Crassispora kosankei in the Sewickley coal bed is similar to that in the Pittsburgh coal, i.e., more abundant at the base of the bed and around inorganic partings. By contrast, Endosporites is only rarely seen in the Sewickley coal. The Sewickley is more laterally continuous than the Redstone coal, but not nearly as thick and continuous as the Pittsburgh coal. Overall, the vitrinite content of the Sewickley coal is between that of the Pittsburgh (lowest) and Redstone (highest). Ash yields and sulfur contents are typically higher than in the Pittsburgh or Redstone. The thin and thick Sewickley columns are palynologically and petrographically very similar; ash and sulfur are both higher in the thin column.
C1 [Eble, Cortland F.] Univ Kentucky, Kentucky Geol Survey, Lexington, KY 40506 USA.
[Grady, William C.] W Virginia Geol & Econ Survey, Morgantown, WV USA.
[Pierce, Brenda S.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA.
RP Eble, CF (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Kentucky Geol Survey, Lexington, KY 40506 USA.
EM Eble@uky.edu; Grady@geo.wvu.edu; BPierce@usgs.gov
NR 35
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 1
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC
PI BOULDER
PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA
SN 0072-1077
BN 978-0-8137-2399-0
J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP
PY 2006
VL 399
BP 197
EP 222
DI 10.1130/2006.2399(10)
PG 26
WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA BMA33
UT WOS:000271647100011
ER
PT J
AU Estes, JA
AF Estes, James A.
BE Estes, JA
Demaster, DP
Doak, DF
Williams, TM
Brownell, RL
TI WHALES, WHALING, AND OCEAN ECOSYSTEMS Introduction
SO WHALES, WHALING, AND OCEAN ECOSYSTEMS
LA English
DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter
ID PACIFIC-OCEAN; SEA OTTERS; COLLAPSE; WOLVES
C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
RP Estes, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
NR 26
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS
PI BERKELEY
PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA
BN 978-0-52093-320-0
PY 2006
BP 1
EP 4
PG 4
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
GA BXG76
UT WOS:000296087600002
ER
PT J
AU Doak, DF
Estes, JA
Williams, TM
Brownell, RL
DeMaster, DP
AF Doak, D. F.
Estes, J. A.
Williams, T. M.
Brownell, R. L., Jr.
DeMaster, D. P.
BE Estes, JA
Demaster, DP
Doak, DF
Williams, TM
Brownell, RL
TI WHALES, WHALING, AND OCEAN ECOSYSTEMS PREFACE
SO WHALES, WHALING, AND OCEAN ECOSYSTEMS
LA English
DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter
C1 [Doak, D. F.; Williams, T. M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[DeMaster, D. P.] NMFS, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA.
[Estes, J. A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Brownell, R. L., Jr.] NMFS, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA.
RP Doak, DF (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS
PI BERKELEY
PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA
BN 978-0-52093-320-0
PY 2006
BP XV
EP XVI
PG 2
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
GA BXG76
UT WOS:000296087600001
ER
PT J
AU Doak, DF
Williams, TM
Estes, JA
AF Doak, Daniel F.
Williams, Terrie M.
Estes, James A.
BE Estes, JA
Demaster, DP
Doak, DF
Williams, TM
Brownell, RL
TI Great Whales as Prey Using Demography and Bioenergetics to Infer
Interactions in Marine Mammal Communities
SO WHALES, WHALING, AND OCEAN ECOSYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID STELLER SEA LIONS; KILLER WHALE; ORCINUS-ORCA; POPULATIONS; PREDATION;
MODELS; ALASKA
C1 [Doak, Daniel F.; Estes, James A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
RP Doak, DF (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
NR 39
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS
PI BERKELEY
PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA
BN 978-0-52093-320-0
PY 2006
BP 231
EP 244
PG 14
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
GA BXG76
UT WOS:000296087600019
ER
PT J
AU Springer, AM
van Vliet, GB
Piatt, JF
Danner, EM
AF Springer, Alan M.
van Vliet, Gus B.
Piatt, John F.
Danner, Eric M.
BE Estes, JA
Demaster, DP
Doak, DF
Williams, TM
Brownell, RL
TI Whales and Whaling in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea
Oceanographic Insights and Ecosystem Impacts
SO WHALES, WHALING, AND OCEAN ECOSYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; PELAGIC FOOD WEBS; WALLEYE POLLOCK;
BALEEN WHALES; ESCHRICHTIUS-ROBUSTUS; BALAENA-MYSTICETUS; KILLER WHALES;
POPULATION-STRUCTURE; HUMPBACK WHALES; MARINE MAMMALS
C1 [Springer, Alan M.] Univ Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA.
[Piatt, John F.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA.
[Danner, Eric M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
RP Springer, AM (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA.
NR 122
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 1
PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS
PI BERKELEY
PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA
BN 978-0-52093-320-0
PY 2006
BP 245
EP 261
PG 17
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
GA BXG76
UT WOS:000296087600020
ER
PT J
AU Estes, JA
DeMaster, DP
Brownell, RL
Doak, DF
Williams, TM
AF Estes, J. A.
DeMaster, D. P.
Brownell, R. L., Jr.
Doak, D. F.
Williams, T. M.
BE Estes, JA
Demaster, DP
Doak, DF
Williams, TM
Brownell, RL
TI Retrospection and Review
SO WHALES, WHALING, AND OCEAN ECOSYSTEMS
LA English
DT Review; Book Chapter
ID SEQUENTIAL MEGAFAUNAL COLLAPSE; HYPOTHESIS
C1 [Estes, J. A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[DeMaster, D. P.] NMFS, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA.
[Brownell, R. L., Jr.] NMFS, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA.
RP Estes, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
NR 5
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS
PI BERKELEY
PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA
BN 978-0-52093-320-0
PY 2006
BP 388
EP 393
PG 6
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
GA BXG76
UT WOS:000296087600032
ER
PT J
AU Schwartz, CC
Haroldson, MA
White, GC
Harris, RB
Cherry, S
Keating, KA
Moody, D
Servheen, C
AF Schwartz, Charles C.
Haroldson, Mark A.
White, Gary C.
Harris, Richard B.
Cherry, Steve
Keating, Kim A.
Moody, Dave
Servheen, Christopher
TI Temporal, spatial, and environmental influences on the demographics of
grizzly bears in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
SO WILDLIFE MONOGRAPHS
LA English
DT Review
DE Akaike's information criterion; demography; density dependence; Greater
Yellowstone Ecosystem; grizzly bear; population regulation;
precautionary principle; reproduction; sexually selective infanticide;
source-sink dynamics; survival; Ursus arctos
ID OF-THE-YEAR; CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; NATIONAL-PARK; URSUS-ARCTOS;
POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SURVIVAL RATES; LARGE HERBIVORES; STABLE-ISOTOPES;
CUTTHROAT TROUT; LARGE MAMMALS
AB During the past 2 decades, the grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) population in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) has increased in numbers and expanded in range. Understanding temporal, environmental, and spatial variables responsible for this change is useful in evaluating what likely influenced grizzly bear demographics in the GYE and where future management efforts might benefit conservation and management. We used recent data from radio-marked bears to estimate reproduction (1983-2002) and survival (1983-2001); these we combined into models to evaluate demographic vigor (lambda [gimel]). We explored the influence of an array of individual, temporal, and spatial covariates on demographic vigor.
We identified an important relationship between gimel and where a bear resides within the GYE. This potential for a source-sink dynamic in the GYE, coupled with concerns for managing sustainable mortality, reshaped our thinking about how management agencies might approach longterm conservation of the species. Consequently, we assessed the current spatial dynamic of the GYE grizzly bear population. Throughout, we followed the information-theoretic approach. We developed suites of a priori models that included individual, temporal, and spatial covariates that potentially affected reproduction and survival. We selected our best approximating models using Akaike's information criterion (AlC) adjusted for small sample sizes and overdispersion (AlCc or QAIC(c), respectively).
We provide recent estimates for reproductive parameters of grizzly bears based on 108 adult (> 3 years old) females observed for 329 bear-years. We documented production of 104 litters with cub counts for 102 litters. Mean age of females producing their first litter was 5.81 years and ranged from 4 to 7 years. Proportion of nulliparous females that produced cubs at age 4-7 years was 9.8, 29.4, 56.4, and 100%, respectively. Mean ( SE) litter size (n = 102) was 2.0 +/- 0.1. The proportion of litters of 1, 2, and 3 cubs was 0.18, 0.61, and 0.22, respectively. Mean yearling litter size (n = 57) was 2.0 +/- 0.1. The proportion of litters containing 1, 2, 3, and 4 yearlings was 0.26, 0.51, 0.21, and 0.02, respectively. The proportion of radio-marked females accompanied by cubs varied among years from 0.05 to 0.60; the mean was 0.316 +/- 0.03. Reproductive rate was estimated as 0.318 female cubs/female/year. We evaluated the probability of producing a litter of 0-3 cubs relative to a suite of individual and temporal covariates using multinomial logistic regression. Our best models indicated that reproductive output, measured as cubs per litter, was most strongly influenced by indices of population size and whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) cone production. Our data suggest a possible density-de pendent response in reproductive output, although perinatal mortality could have accounted for the correlation.
We analyzed survival of cubs and yearlings using radiotelemetry of 49 unique female bears observed with 65 litters containing 137 dependent young. We documented 42 deaths: 32 cubs, 5 yearlings, and 5 that could have died as a cub or yearling. Using a nest survival estimator coded in Program MARK, our best model indicated that cub and yearling survival were most affected by residency in the GYE. Survival was highest for cubs and yearlings living outside Yellowstone National Park (YNP) but within the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Grizzly Bear Recovery Zone (RZ). Cubs and yearlings living inside YNP had lower survival rates, and those living outside the RZ had the lowest survival rates. Survival rates were negatively related to a population index, suggesting density dependence. Survival improved with higher whitebark pine seed production, greater winter severity, larger litter size, and higher female (mother's) age. We tested theories of sexually selective infanticide, but results were equivocal.
We investigated factors influencing survival of subadult and adult grizzly bears using data from 323 radio-marked bears monitored for 5,989 months. Telemetry records were converted into monthly encounter histories, and survival was estimated using known fate data type in Program MARK. Bears were grouped into a study sample and conflict (bears specifically trapped because of conflict with humans) sample according to circumstance of capture and monitoring, with data from both contributing to survival estimates. A censored (C) data set included 69 documented mortalities but censored 22 bears with unknown fate. A second, assumed dead (AD), data set considered these 22 bears as mortalities.
Most known mortalities (85.5%) were human caused, with 26 and 43 from the study and conflict samples, respectively. Mean annual survival, (S) over bar (CF), for study sample female bears using C and AD data sets were (S) over bar (CF)=0.950 (95% Cl = 0.898-0.976) and (S) over bar (AD F) = 0.922 (95% CI = 0.857-0.995). Process standard deviation (SD) for study sample female bears was estimated at SDC = 0.013 and SDAD = 0.034. Our best models indicated that study sample bears survived better than conflict sample bears, females survived better than males, survival was lowest during autumn, and survival increased during years with good whitebark pinecone production. Bears with a higher proportion of annual locations outside the RZ exhibited poorer survival than individuals located more frequently inside YNP, the RZ, or both. Indices of winter severity, ungulate biomass, and population size, plus individual covariates, including presence of dependent young, prior conflicts with humans, and age class, were not important predictors of survival in our models. We documented a trend of increased survival through the study that was offset in recent years by lower survival of bears located more frequently outside the RZ. This result suggests that efforts to reduce female mortality initiated in 1983 were successful, and similar measures outside the RZ would improve the prospect for continued growth and expansion of the GYE grizzly bear population.
To estimate sustainable mortality of the population, we produced trajectories of the GYE grizzly bear population under a range of survival rates of independent females (> 2 years old) using an individual-based, stochastic simulation program and demographic data from radio-marked bears. We incorporated yearly (process) variation in survival rates as estimated from data after removing sampling variation. We summarized trajectories by mean gimel and by probability of gimel > 1, both within a 10-year period, and examined sensitivity of results by altering our initial assumptions to reflect uncertainty. Because process variation of female survival was low, gimel decreased stochastically only slightly from that expected under a completely deterministic model. Uncertainty about mean cub and yearling survival rates was considerable, but because, was relatively insensitive to these parameters, incorporating this uncertainty also lowered resulting trajectories only slightly. Uncertainty about independent female survival had a much larger effect on probability of population decline despite having little effect on expected gimel. Under our current understanding of the GYE grizzly bear population dynamics, gimel was independent of male survival rate; variation in male mortality produced only short-term effects on abundance and long-term effects on sex ratio. The appropriate mortality target for independent female bears depends on the risk of a population decline (i.e., gimel > 1) that managers and the public are willing to accept. For the chance of a population decline to be <= 5% under conditions applying during 1983-2002, annual mortality of independent females would have to be <= 10%. Projections are useful only if viewed over a relatively short time frame because they were based solely on mean 1983-2002 conditions and because small samples make it difficult for managers to know the true mortality rate.
To further explore the implications of geographic structure in female survival, we built an array of deterministic models using estimates of reproduction and survival from our best models. We calculated deterministic estimates of, incorporating our residency covariate plus changes in whitebark pinecone production and winter severity. A source-sink dynamic is suggested for the GYE, with gimel >= 1 inside YNP and the RZ but, < 1 outside the RZ. Such a source-sink dynamic requires new discussions about population management, mortality thresholds, and elimination of anthropogenic foods on the edge of the ecosystem. To enhance future management, we present food and population monitoring guidelines that should be considered in light of our findings.
C1 Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Interagcy Grizzky Bear Study Team,Forestry Sci La, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
Montana State Univ, Wildlife Biol Program, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
Montana State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Trophy Game Sect, Lander, WY 82520 USA.
Montana State Univ, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman, MT 59812 USA.
RP Schwartz, CC (reprint author), Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Interagcy Grizzky Bear Study Team,Forestry Sci La, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
EM chuck_schwartz@usgs.gov
NR 211
TC 78
Z9 79
U1 13
U2 106
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0084-0173
EI 1938-5455
J9 WILDLIFE MONOGR
JI Wildl. Monogr.
PY 2006
IS 161
BP 1
EP 68
PG 68
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 045DA
UT WOS:000237721600001
ER
PT J
AU Engeman, R
Woolard, JW
Perry, ND
Witmer, G
Hardin, S
Brashears, L
Smith, H
Muiznieks, B
Constantin, B
AF Engeman, Richard
Woolard, John W.
Perry, Neil D.
Witmer, Gary
Hardin, Scott
Brashears, Lawrence
Smith, Henry
Muiznieks, Britta
Constantin, Bernice
TI Rapid assessment for a new invasive species threat: the case of the
Gambian giant pouched rat in Florida
SO WILDLIFE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID CRICETOMYS-GAMBIANUS; MANAGEMENT; POPULATIONS; PARADIGM
AB The Gambian giant pouched rat (Cricetomys gambianus) is a large rodent that has established a breeding population in the Florida Keys. Should it successfully disperse to mainland Florida, it could continue spreading through much of North America where significant negative ecological and agricultural consequences could result. We rapidly developed the information for implementing an efficient and successful eradication program before dispersal to the mainland occurs. This included development of monitoring and indexing methods and their application to define the animal's range, the development of baits attractive to Gambian giant pouched rats, efficacy testing of toxicants, and development of bait-delivery devices that exclude native animals. Gambian giant pouched rats appeared confined to the western two-thirds of Grassy Key, but have dispersed across a soil-filled causeway west to Crawl Key. We identified preferred habitat characteristics and potential dispersal pathways. We developed photographic and tracking tile methods for detecting and indexing Gambian giant pouched rats, both of which work well in the face of high densities of non-target species. We identified a commercial anticoagulant bait and we developed a zinc phosphide (an acute toxicant) bait matrix that were well accepted and effective for controlling Gambian giant pouched rats. We also developed a bait station for delivering toxic bait to Gambian giant pouched rats without risk to native species. We consider that the criteria are met for a successful eradication to commence.
C1 Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA.
USDA, Wildlife Serv, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA.
Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA.
Florida Dept Environm Protect, Florida Pk Serv, Hobe Sound, FL 33455 USA.
US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Key Largo, FL 33037 USA.
RP Engeman, R (reprint author), Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA.
EM richard.m.engeman@aphis.usda.gov
NR 35
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 8
PU CSIRO PUBLISHING
PI COLLINGWOOD
PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA
SN 1035-3712
J9 WILDLIFE RES
JI Wildl. Res.
PY 2006
VL 33
IS 6
BP 439
EP 448
DI 10.1071/WR06014
PG 10
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 090PU
UT WOS:000240964000001
ER
PT J
AU Burn, DM
Webber, MA
Udevitz, MS
AF Burn, DM
Webber, MA
Udevitz, MS
TI Application of airborne thermal imagery to surveys of Pacific walrus
SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
DE Odobenus rosmarus divergens; Pacific walrus; remote sensing; thermal
imagery
ID ODOBENUS-ROSMARUS DIVERGENS; POPULATION; ALASKA; ICE
AB We conducted tests of airborne thermal imagery of Pacific walrus to determine if this technology can be used to detect walrus groups on sea ice and estimate the number of walruses present in each group. In April 2002 we collected thermal imagery of 3 7 walrus groups in the Bering Sea at spatial resolutions ranging from 1-4 m. We also collected high-resolution digital aerial photographs of the same groups. Walruses were considerably warmer than the background environment of ice, snow, and seawater and were easily detected in thermal imagery. We found a significant linear relation between walrus group size and the amount of heat measured by the thermal sensor at all 4 spatial resolutions tested. This relation can be used in a double-sampling framework to estimate total walrus numbers from a thermal survey of a sample of units within an area and photographs from a subsample of the thermally detected groups. Previous methods used in visual aerial surveys of Pacific walrus have sampled only a small percentage of available habitat, resulting in population estimates with low precision. Results of this study indicate that an aerial survey using a thermal sensor can cover as much as 4 times the area per hour of flight time with greater reliability than visual observation.
C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marine Mammals Management Off, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
RP Burn, DM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marine Mammals Management Off, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
EM douglas_burn@fws.gov
OI Udevitz, Mark/0000-0003-4659-138X
NR 17
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 9
PU WILDLIFE SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA
SN 0091-7648
J9 WILDLIFE SOC B
JI Wildl. Soc. Bull.
PY 2006
VL 34
IS 1
BP 51
EP 58
DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[51:AOATIT]2.0.CO;2
PG 8
WC Biodiversity Conservation
SC Biodiversity & Conservation
GA 046FR
UT WOS:000237797300009
ER
PT J
AU Homyack, JA
Harrison, DJ
Litvaitis, JA
Krohn, WB
AF Homyack, Jessica A.
Harrison, Daniel J.
Litvaitis, John A.
Krohn, William B.
TI Quantifying densities of snowshoe hares in Maine using pellet plots
SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
DE density; Lepus americanus; Maine; pellet count; regression; snowshoe
hare
ID HABITAT USE; POPULATION-DENSITY; BASICS RIGHT; VEGETATION; INDEXES; NEED
AB Population densities are costly and logistically infeasible to measure directly across the broad geographic ranges of many wildlife species. For snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus), a keystone species in northern boreal forest, indirect approaches for estimating population densities based on fecal pellet densities have been developed for boreal forest in northwestern Canada and in conifer-dominated montane forest in Idaho. Previous authors cautioned against applying these estimates across the geographic range of hares without further testing, but no published relationships for estimating densities from pellet counts are available for the mixed conifer-deciduous forests of the southeastern portion of the hare's range in North America. Thus, we estimated pellet and hare densities in 12 forested stands, 4 sampled twice during 198 11983 and 8 sampled once during 2000-2002. Mark-recapture estimated densities of snowshoe hares from eastern and western Maine during 1981-1983 were linearly related to pellet densities to 15,000 pellets/ha/month (1.5 hares/ha) (Adj. r(2) = 0.87, n = 8, P < 0.001) and accurately predicted densities of hares ((x) over bar= 7 % greater) estimates than actually observed at higher pellet densities sampled in northern Maine during 2000-2002.
C1 Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA.
Univ Maine, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Orono, ME 04469 USA.
Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
RP Homyack, JA (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
EM jhomyack@vt.edu
NR 34
TC 17
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 12
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1938-5463
J9 WILDLIFE SOC B
JI Wildl. Soc. Bull.
PY 2006
VL 34
IS 1
BP 74
EP 80
DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[74:QDOSHI]2.0.CO;2
PG 7
WC Biodiversity Conservation
SC Biodiversity & Conservation
GA 046FR
UT WOS:000237797300012
ER
PT J
AU Berdeen, JB
Otis, DL
AF Berdeen, JB
Otis, DL
TI Effects of subcutaneous transmitter implants on mourning doves
SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
DE mortality; mourning dove; radiotelemetry; recovery rate; South Carolina;
subcutaneous transmitter implant; survival; weight; Zenaida macroura
ID RADIOTRANSMITTER ATTACHMENT TECHNIQUES; BLUE-WINGED TEAL; MALLARDS;
SURVIVAL; FLIGHT; VULNERABILITY; PIGEONS; LOADS; AGE
AB An important assumption of telemetry studies is that radiomarking does not negatively affect study animals. To test this assumption for mourning doves (Zenaida macroura), we evaluated whether subcutaneous transmitter implants (STI) would affect bird weight in cage studies and hunting mortality in field studies. At three weeks post-implantation, caged adult birds in the sham surgery and control groups gained and STI birds lost weight. Males gained and females lost weight. When percent weight change (PWC) for caged adult and juveniles were pooled the trends were similar, suggesting a STI treatment effect. In the field study, 16.3%, of observed mortalities of STI birds during July-November 1998-2000 occurred during the first 3 days post-release. The overall 45-day summer period survival rate was relatively high, 0.9446 (95% Cl = 0.8907-0.9986), when birds were entered into the population at-risk on the fourth day post-release. Although most observed mortalities were hunting-related (62.7%), similar direct recovery rates (P = 0.186) for STI (14.7%) and leg-banded birds (9.2%) suggests that implanted radios did not increase a bird's vulnerability to hunting mortality in the year of marking. However, the difference between the direct recovery rates of the 2 cohorts may be large enough to be biologically significant. Further research is needed to determine whether STI birds are especially susceptible to hunting mortality.
C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Aquaculture Fisheries & Wildlife, Clemson, SC 29634 USA.
Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA.
RP Berdeen, JB (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Wetland Wildlife Populat & Res Grp, Bemidji, MN 56601 USA.
EM jim.berdeen@dnr.state.mn.us
NR 46
TC 2
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 5
PU WILDLIFE SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA
SN 0091-7648
J9 WILDLIFE SOC B
JI Wildl. Soc. Bull.
PY 2006
VL 34
IS 1
BP 93
EP 103
DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[93:EOSTIO]2.0.CO;2
PG 11
WC Biodiversity Conservation
SC Biodiversity & Conservation
GA 046FR
UT WOS:000237797300014
ER
PT J
AU Steenhof, K
Bates, KK
Fuller, MR
Kochert, MN
McKinley, JO
Lukacs, PM
AF Steenhof, Karen
Bates, Kirk K.
Fuller, Mark R.
Kochert, Michael N.
McKinley, James O.
Lukacs, Paul M.
TI Effects of radiomarking on prairie falcons: Attachment failures provide
insights about survival
SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
DE attachment techniques; backpack; Falco mexicanus; harness; prairie
falcon; radiotelemetry; radio transmitters; reproduction; satellite
telemetry; survival
ID BALD EAGLES; SATELLITE TRANSMITTERS; RADIO TRANSMITTERS; MARKED ANIMALS;
SPOTTED OWLS; REPRODUCTION; HARNESS; FLIGHT; RADIOTRANSMITTERS;
PERFORMANCE
AB From 1999-2002, we attached satellite-received platform transmitter terminals (PTTs) to 40 adult female prairie falcons (Falco mexicanus) on their nesting grounds in the Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area (NCA) in southwest Idaho. We used 3 variations of a backpack harness design that had been used previously on raptors. Each radiomarked falcon also received a color leg band with a unique alphanumeric code. We monitored survival of birds using radiotelemetry and searched for marked birds on their nesting grounds during breeding seasons after marking. Because 6 falcons removed their harnesses during the first year, we were able to compare survival rates of birds that shed PTTs with those that retained them. We describe a harness design that failed prematurely as well as designs that proved successful for long-term PTT attachment. We resighted 21 marked individuals on nesting areas 1-5 years after they were radiomarked and documented 13 mortalities of satellite-tracked falcons. We used a Cormack-Jolly-Seber model to estimate apparent survival probability based on band resighting and telemetry data. Platform transmitter terminals had no short-term effects on falcons or their nesting success during the nesting season they were marked, but birds that shed their transmitters increased their probability of survival. Estimated annual survival for birds that shed their transmitters was 87% compared to 49% for birds wearing transmitters. We discuss possible reasons for differences in apparent survival rates and offer recommendations for future marking of falcons.
C1 US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA.
Boise State Univ, Raptor Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA.
Colorado State Univ, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Steenhof, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA.
EM karen_steenhof@usda.gov
NR 58
TC 35
Z9 38
U1 2
U2 26
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1938-5463
J9 WILDLIFE SOC B
JI Wildl. Soc. Bull.
PY 2006
VL 34
IS 1
BP 116
EP 126
DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[116:EOROPF]2.0.CO;2
PG 11
WC Biodiversity Conservation
SC Biodiversity & Conservation
GA 046FR
UT WOS:000237797300017
ER
PT J
AU Martin, KW
Leslie, DM
Payton, ME
Puckette, WL
Hensley, SL
AF Martin, KW
Leslie, DM
Payton, ME
Puckette, WL
Hensley, SL
TI Impacts of passage manipulation on cave climate: Conservation
implications for cave-dwelling bats
SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
DE cave climate; cave conservation; cave gating; cave protection; gray
bats; Mytosis grisescens; Oklahoma
ID BIG-EARED BAT; HABITAT SELECTION; MYOTIS-SODALIS; BEHAVIOR; DECLINE
AB Human disturbance has caused declines in populations of many cave-dwelling bats and other cave-obligate organisms. Cave gating has been used to eliminate human disturbance, but few studies have assessed its impact on internal cave climate, We recorded ambient (air) and substrate (rock) temperatures at specified distances within the entrances of 3 gated and 3 open-passage caves in northeastern Oklahoma during summers 1999 and 2000 and winters 1999-2000 and 2000-2001. No differences occurred in ambient and substrate temperatures at any distance or season between gated and open-passage caves. We also monitored long-term (6 weeks) and seasonal (summer and winter) climate variables at specific distances inside 2 caves (OK-13 and OK-220) before and after modifications of their cave passages/entrances. Ambient and substrate temperatures before and after cave manipulation differed in only 1 of 12 observations in summer but in 9 of 12 observations in winter. We also monitored cave climate 7 days immediately before and after passage modification. Differences occurred at all 8 observations and at 4 of 12 observations before and after entrance and passage manipulation at OK-13 and OK-220, respectively. Airflow did not differ when monitored 7 days before and 7 days after instillation of an internal gate system in the passage of cave OK-220. Our data indicate that caves with modified entrances and passages show no changes in ambient and substrate temperatures in summer and only slight changes in winter. Although temperature changes during winter were statistically different, we posit that their biological implications on endemic cave fauna are minimal.
C1 Rogers State Univ, Dept Math & Sci, Claremont, OK 74017 USA.
Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA.
Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Stat, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA.
Poteau Publ Sch, Poteau, OK 74953 USA.
US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ozark Plateau Natl Wildlife Refuge, Tulsa, OK 74127 USA.
RP Martin, KW (reprint author), Rogers State Univ, Dept Math & Sci, Claremont, OK 74017 USA.
EM kmartin@rsu.edu
NR 32
TC 5
Z9 7
U1 6
U2 24
PU WILDLIFE SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA
SN 0091-7648
J9 WILDLIFE SOC B
JI Wildl. Soc. Bull.
PY 2006
VL 34
IS 1
BP 137
EP 143
DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[137:IOPMOC]2.0.CO;2
PG 7
WC Biodiversity Conservation
SC Biodiversity & Conservation
GA 046FR
UT WOS:000237797300020
ER
PT J
AU Penny, EJ
Kaminski, RM
Reinecke, KJ
AF Penny, EJ
Kaminski, RM
Reinecke, KJ
TI A new device to estimate abundance of moist-soil plant seeds
SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
DE Mississippi; moist-soil management; moist-soil plants; sampling methods;
seed abundance; wetlands
ID YIELD; MANAGEMENT; VALLEY
AB Methods to sample the abundance of moist-soil seeds efficiently and accurately are critical for evaluating management practices and determining food availability. We adapted a portable, gasoline-powered vacuum to estimate abundance of seeds on the surface of a moist-soil wetland in east-central Mississippi and evaluated the sampler by simulating conditions that researchers and managers may experience when sampling moist-soil areas for seeds. We measured the percent recovery of known masses of seeds by the vacuum sampler in relation to 4 experimentally controlled factors (i.e., seed-size class, sample mass, soil moisture class, and vacuum time) with 2-4 levels per factor. We also measured processing time of samples in the laboratory. Across all experimental factors, seed recovery averaged 88.4% and varied little (CV = 0.68%, n = 474). Overall, mean time to process a sample was 30.3 +/- 2.5 min (SE, n = 417). Our estimate of seed recovery rate (88%) may be used to adjust estimates for incomplete seed recovery, or project-specific correction factors may be developed by investigators. Our device was effective for estimating surface abundance of moist-soil plant seeds after dehiscence and before habitats were flooded.
C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA.
RP Penny, EJ (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
EM epenny@ducks.org
NR 27
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 3
PU WILDLIFE SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA
SN 0091-7648
J9 WILDLIFE SOC B
JI Wildl. Soc. Bull.
PY 2006
VL 34
IS 1
BP 186
EP 190
DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[186:ANDTEA]2.0.CO;2
PG 5
WC Biodiversity Conservation
SC Biodiversity & Conservation
GA 046FR
UT WOS:000237797300028
ER
PT J
AU Baker, BW
AF Baker, BW
TI Efficacy of tail-mounted transmitters for beaver
SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
DE beaver; Castor canadensis; radiotelemetry; radiotransmitter; Rocky
Mountain National Park; telemetry; transmitter
ID RADIO TRANSMITTERS; CASTOR-CANADENSIS; SEX
AB In 2001, I attached tail-mounted transmitters to 41 beaver (Castor canadensis) captured in Rocky Mountain National Park to evaluate if the transmitters (Rothmeyer et al. 2002) would be suitable to conduct long-term life history research. Twenty-one of the transmitters became detached from the tail without evidence of beaver mortality. I was unable to recover and determine the outcome for 9 transmitters because signals originated from the inside of active beaver lodges. Antennas were intact on 7 detached transmitters but were missing and likely chewed off on 11 others. In conclusion, tail-mounted transmitters for beaver were of limited success in this life history study and are not recommended for long-term monitoring without significant modifications to the original design.
C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
RP Baker, BW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
EM bruce_baker@usgs.gov
NR 10
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 4
PU WILDLIFE SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA
SN 0091-7648
J9 WILDLIFE SOC B
JI Wildl. Soc. Bull.
PY 2006
VL 34
IS 1
BP 218
EP 222
DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[218:EOTTFB]2.0.CO;2
PG 5
WC Biodiversity Conservation
SC Biodiversity & Conservation
GA 046FR
UT WOS:000237797300035
ER
PT J
AU Kreger, MD
Hatfield, JS
Estevez, I
Gee, GF
Clugston, DA
AF Kreger, MD
Hatfield, JS
Estevez, I
Gee, GF
Clugston, DA
TI Behavioral profiles of the captive juvenile whooping crane as an
indicator of post-release survival
SO ZOO BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Grus americana; whooping crane; reintroduction; predation; hand rearing;
parent rearing
ID STURNUS-VULGARIS; GRUS-AMERICANA; VIGILANCE; PREDATION; SANDHILL
AB Predation by bobcats (Lynx rufus) is the major cause of mortality in captive-reared whooping cranes (Grus americana) released into the wild to establish a nonmigratory flock in Florida. This study investigated whether rearing methods (parent-rea ring, hand-rearing, or hand-rearing with exercise) of cranes, and behaviors observed in birds either before or shortly after release in the wild, are associated with survival after release. Rearing methods did not affect survival first year post-release, which was 55 +/-8% in 2 yr (1999 and 2000). Logistic regression revealed, however, that foraging bouts (+), walking bouts (-), and body weight (-) before release, and nonvigilant bouts (-) after release were significantly associated with survival. These results suggest that post-release survival of whooping cranes might be increased by rearing techniques that promote foraging. Zoo Biol 25:11-24, 2006. (C) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Sci Author, Arlington, VA 22203 USA.
USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA.
Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Orono, ME USA.
RP Kreger, MD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Sci Author, 4401 N Fairfax Dr,Room 750, Arlington, VA 22203 USA.
EM Michael_Kreger@fws.gov
NR 47
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 7
U2 17
PU WILEY-LISS
PI HOBOKEN
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA
SN 0733-3188
J9 ZOO BIOL
JI Zoo Biol.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2006
VL 25
IS 1
BP 11
EP 24
DI 10.1002/zoo.20075
PG 14
WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology
SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology
GA 021CO
UT WOS:000235960800002
ER
PT J
AU Lim, BK
Engstrom, MD
Genoways, HH
Catzeflis, FM
Fitzgerald, KA
Peters, SL
Djosetro, M
Brandon, S
Mitro, S
AF Lim, BK
Engstrom, MD
Genoways, HH
Catzeflis, FM
Fitzgerald, KA
Peters, SL
Djosetro, M
Brandon, S
Mitro, S
TI Results of the Alcoa foundation-Suriname expeditions. XIV. Mammals of
Brownsberg Nature Park, Suriname
SO ANNALS OF CARNEGIE MUSEUM
LA English
DT Article
DE biodiversity; inventory; Mammalia; Operation Gwamba; new country
records; Suriname; transect survey
ID EATING BATS ARTIBEUS; IWOKRAMA FOREST; SPECIES STATUS; FRENCH-GUIANA;
GENUS; DIFFERENTIATION; DIDELPHIDAE; GUYANA; MARSUPIALIA; CHIROPTERA
AB An inventory of mammals in the vicinity of Brownsberg Nature Park, Suriname, incorporated a number of different sampling methods including examining museum voucher specimens, an animal-rescue operation, transect Surveys, camera photo-traps, and interviews with local inhabitants. We document a total of 125 mammal species present in the Park. These include tell opossums, five pilosans, four armadillos, 58 bats, eight monkeys, 13 carnivores, one tapir, four artiodactyls, and 22 rodents. Nine of these species are reported for the first time from Suriname: one mouse opossum (Marmosops pinheiroi); one naked-backed moustached bat (Pieronotus gymnonotus); four fruit-eating bats (Artibeus bogolellsis, A. gnomus, A. obscurus, and A. planirostris); two evening bats (Eptesicus chiriquinus and Myotis riparius):and one arboreal rice rat (Oecomys auyantepui). There are 191 indigenous non-marine mammals presently known from Suriname.
C1 Royal Ontario Museum, Ctr Biodivers & Conservat Biol, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada.
Univ Nebraska, State Museum, Sect Mammals, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA.
Univ Montpellier 2, UMR 5554, Lab Paleontol, Inst Sci Evolut, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France.
US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA.
Univ Toronto, Fac Forestry, Toronto, ON M5S 3B3, Canada.
Stichting Natuurbehoud Suriname, Dept Res, Paramaribo, Surinam.
RP Lim, BK (reprint author), Royal Ontario Museum, Ctr Biodivers & Conservat Biol, 100 Queens Pk, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada.
EM burtonl@rom.on.ca
RI Lim, Burton/A-1148-2011
OI Lim, Burton/0000-0002-0884-0421
NR 56
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 9
PU CARNEGIE MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY
PI PITTSBURGH
PA 4400 FORBES AVE, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213 USA
SN 0097-4463
J9 ANN CARNEGIE MUS
JI Ann. Carnegie Mus.
PD DEC 30
PY 2005
VL 74
IS 4
BP 225
EP 274
DI 10.2992/0097-4463(2005)74[225:ROTAFE]2.0.CO;2
PG 50
WC Paleontology; Zoology
SC Paleontology; Zoology
GA 009MF
UT WOS:000235115400002
ER
PT J
AU Arnadottir, T
Jonsson, S
Pollitz, FF
Jiang, WP
Feigl, KL
AF Arnadottir, T
Jonsson, S
Pollitz, FF
Jiang, WP
Feigl, KL
TI Postseismic deformation following the June 2000 earthquake sequence in
the south Iceland seismic zone
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
LA English
DT Article
ID TRIGGERED FAULT SLIP; 17 AUGUST 1999; CRUSTAL DEFORMATION; REYKJANES
PENINSULA; TRANSIENT RHEOLOGY; PLATE BOUNDARY; MOJAVE-DESERT;
SW-ICELAND; NE ICELAND; MANTLE
AB [1] We observe postseismic deformation on two spatiotemporal scales following M-w = 6.5 earthquakes in the south Iceland seismic zone on 17 and 21 June 2000. We see a rapidly decaying deformation transient lasting no more than 2 months and extending about 5 km away from the two main shock ruptures. This local, month-scale transient is captured by several radar interferograms and is also observed at a few campaign GPS sites located near the faults. A slower transient with a characteristic timescale of about a year is detected only by GPS measurements. The month-scale deformation pattern has been explained by poroelastic rebound due to postearthquake pore pressure changes. In contrast, the year-scale deformation can be explained by either afterslip at 8 - 14 km depth or viscoelastic relaxation of the lower crust and upper mantle in response to the coseismic stress changes. The optimal viscoelastic models have lower crustal viscosities of 0.5 - 1 x 10(19) Pa s and upper mantle viscosity of similar to 3 x 10(18) Pa s. Because of the limitations of our GPS campaign data, we consider both afterslip and viscoelastic relaxation as plausible mechanisms explaining the deformation field. Both types of postseismic deformation models suggest that the areas of large coseismic stress increase east of the 17 June and west of the 21 June ruptures continue to be loaded by the postseismic deformation.
C1 Nord Volcanol Ctr, Inst Earth Sci, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
ETH, Inst Geophys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
CNRS, Dept Terr & Planetary Dynam, F-31400 Toulouse, France.
RP Arnadottir, T (reprint author), Nord Volcanol Ctr, Inst Earth Sci, Nat Sci Bldg,Sturlugata 7, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
EM thora1@hi.is; sj@erdw.ethz.ch; fpollitz@usgs.gov; wpjiang@whu.edu.cn;
feigl@dtp.obs-mip.fr
RI Arnadottir, Thora/C-7183-2013; Jonsson, Sigurjon/G-4353-2015
OI Arnadottir, Thora/0000-0002-8275-8813; Jonsson,
Sigurjon/0000-0001-5378-7079
NR 55
TC 22
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9313
EI 2169-9356
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth
PD DEC 30
PY 2005
VL 110
IS B12
AR B12308
DI 10.1029/2005JB003701
PG 13
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 001BI
UT WOS:000234507100002
ER
PT J
AU Titus, TN
AF Titus, TN
TI Thermal infrared and visual observations of a water ice lag in the Mars
southern summer
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID MARTIAN POLAR CAPS; SEASONAL CAP; TES; EMISSIVITY; BEHAVIOR; ALBEDO; CO2
AB We present thermal infrared and visual evidence for the existence of water ice lags in the early southern summer. The observed H2O-ice lags lay in and near a chasma and appears to survive between 6-8 sols past the sublimation of the CO2. Possible sources of the H2O that compose the lag are (1) atmospheric H2O that is incorporated into the seasonal cap during condensation, (2) cold trapping of atmospheric water vapor onto the surface of the cap in the spring, or (3) a combination of the 2 processes where water is released from the sublimating cap only to be transported back over the cap edge and cold trapped. We refer to this later process as the "Houben" effect which may enrich the amount of water contained in the seasonal cap at 85 degrees S by as much as a factor of 15. This phenomenon, which has already been identified for the northern retreating cap, may present an important water transport mechanism in the Southern Hemisphere.
C1 US Geol Survey, Branch Astrogeol, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
RP Titus, TN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Branch Astrogeol, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
EM ttitus@usgs.gov
NR 13
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD DEC 23
PY 2005
VL 32
IS 24
AR L24204
DI 10.1029/2005GL024211
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 999BS
UT WOS:000234364300005
ER
PT J
AU Durham, WB
Stern, LA
Kubo, T
Kirby, SH
AF Durham, WB
Stern, LA
Kubo, T
Kirby, SH
TI Flow strength of highly hydrated Mg- and Na-sulfate hydrate salts, pure
and in mixtures with water ice, with application to Europa
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS
LA English
DT Article
ID INFRARED MAPPING SPECTROMETER; SUBSURFACE OCEAN; GEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE;
SULFURIC-ACID; THERMAL STATE; SHELL; DEFORMATION; SURFACE; ROCKS; CRUST
AB We selected two Europan-ice-shell candidate highly hydrated sulfate salts for a laboratory survey of ductile flow properties: MgSO4 center dot 7H(2)O (epsomite) and Na2SO4 center dot 10H(2)O (mirabilite), called MS7 and NS10, respectively. Polycrystalline samples in pure form and in mixtures with water ice I were tested using our cryogenic high-pressure creep apparatus at temperatures 232 <= T <= 294 K, confining pressures P = 50 and 100 MPa, and strain rates 4 x 10(-8) <= (epsilon)over dot <= 7 x 10(-5) s(-1). Grain size of NS10 samples was >100 mu m. The flow strength sigma of pure MS7 was over 100 times that of polycrystalline ice I at comparable conditions; that of pure NS10 over 20 times that of ice. In terms of the creep law (epsilon)over dot = A sigma(n) e(-Q/RT,) where R is the gas constant, we determine parameter values of A = 10(12.1) MPa-n s(-1), n = 5.4, and Q = 128 kJ/mol for pure NS10. Composites of ice I and NS10 of volume fraction phi(NS10) have flow strength sigma(c) = [phi(NS10)sigma(J)(NS10) + (1 - phi(NS10))sigma(J)(iceI)](1/J) where J approximate to -0.5, making the effect on the flow of ice with low volume fractions of NS10 much like that of virtually undeformable hard rock inclusions. Being much stronger and denser than ice, massive sulfate inclusions in the warmer, ductile layer of the Europan ice shell are less likely to be entrained in convective ice flow and more likely to be drawn to the base of the ice shell by gravitational forces and eventually expelled. With only smaller, dispersed sulfate inclusions, at probable sulfate phi < 0.2, the shell may be treated rheologically as pure, polycrystalline ice, with boundary conditions perhaps influenced by the high density and low thermal conductivity of the hydrated salts.
C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-201, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
EM durham1@llnl.gov
NR 48
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9097
EI 2169-9100
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets
PD DEC 21
PY 2005
VL 110
IS E12
AR E12010
DI 10.1029/2005JE002475
PG 10
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 999CQ
UT WOS:000234366700001
ER
PT J
AU Coupe, RH
Welch, HL
Pell, AB
Thurman, EM
AF Coupe, RH
Welch, HL
Pell, AB
Thurman, EM
TI Herbicide and degradate flux in the Yazoo River Basin
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 9th Symposium on the Chemistry and Fate of Modern Pesticides
CY AUG 15-19, 2004
CL Vail, CO
DE herbicides; Yazoo River Basin; Mississippi; degradates
ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER; SURFACE WATERS; PESTICIDES; BEHAVIOR; SCALE
AB During 1996 - 1997, water samples were collected from five sites in the Yazoo River Basin and analysed for 14 herbicides and nine degradates. These included acetochlor, alachlor, atrazine, cyanazine, fluometuron, metolachlor, metribuzin, molinate, norflurazon, prometryn, propanil, propazine, simazine, trifluralin, three degradates of fluometuron, two degradates of atrazine, one degradate of cyanazine, norflurazon, prometryn, and propanil. Fluxes generally were higher in 1997 than in 1996 due to a greater rainfall in 1997 than 1996. Fluxes were much larger from streams in the alluvial plain ( an area of very productive farmland) than from the Skuna River in the bluff hills ( an area of small farms, pasture, and forest). Adding the flux of the atrazine degradates to the atrazine flux increased the total atrazine flux by an average of 14.5%. The fluometuron degradates added about 10% to the total fluometuron flux, and adding the norflurazon degradate flux to the norflurazon flux increased the flux by 82% in 1996 and by 171% in 1997.
C1 US Geol Survey, Jackson, MS 39208 USA.
US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA.
RP Coupe, RH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 308 S Airport Rd, Jackson, MS 39208 USA.
EM rhcoupe@usgs.gov
RI Thurman, Earl/B-5131-2011
NR 25
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 5
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0306-7319
J9 INT J ENVIRON AN CH
JI Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem.
PD DEC 20
PY 2005
VL 85
IS 15
BP 1127
EP 1140
DI 10.1080/03067310500273351
PG 14
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences
SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 988AT
UT WOS:000233564500003
ER
PT J
AU Dietze, JE
Scribner, EA
Meyer, MT
Kolpin, DW
AF Dietze, JE
Scribner, EA
Meyer, MT
Kolpin, DW
TI Occurrence of antibiotics in water from 13 fish hatcheries, 2001-2003
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 9th Symposium on the Chemistry and Fate of Modern Pesticides
CY AUG 15-19, 2004
CL Vail, CO
DE antibiotics; fish hatchery; ormetoprim; oxytetracycline;
sulphadimethoxine
ID RESISTANCE; OXYTETRACYCLINE
AB A 2- year study of extensive and intensive fish hatcheries was conducted to assess the general temporal occurrence of antibiotics in aquaculture. Antibiotics were detected in 15% of the water samples collected during the 2001 - 2002 collection period and in 31% of the samples during the 2003 collection period. Antibiotics were detected more frequently in samples from the intensive hatcheries ( 17 and 39%) than in samples from the extensive hatcheries ( 14 and 4%) during the 2001 - 2002 and 2003 collection periods, respectively. The maximum ormetoprim, oxytetracycline, and sulphadimethoxine concentrations were higher in samples from the intensive hatcheries ( 12, 10, and 36 mu g/L-1), respectively, than in samples from the extensive hatcheries (< 0.05, 0.31, and 1.2 mu gL(-1)), respectively. Sulphadimethoxine persisted for a longer period of time ( up to 48 days) than ormetoprim ( up to 28 days) and oxytetracycline ( less than 20 days).
C1 US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA.
US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA.
RP Dietze, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4821 Quail Crest Pl, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA.
EM juliec@usgs.gov
OI Dietze, Julie/0000-0002-5936-5739; Meyer, Michael/0000-0001-6006-7985
NR 13
TC 17
Z9 19
U1 1
U2 10
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0306-7319
J9 INT J ENVIRON AN CH
JI Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem.
PD DEC 20
PY 2005
VL 85
IS 15
BP 1141
EP 1152
DI 10.1080/03067310500273682
PG 12
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences
SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 988AT
UT WOS:000233564500004
ER
PT J
AU Kiage, LM
Walker, ND
Balasubramanian, S
Babin, A
Barras, J
AF Kiage, LM
Walker, ND
Balasubramanian, S
Babin, A
Barras, J
TI Applications of Radarsat-1 synthetic aperture radar imagery to assess
hurricane-related flooding of coastal Louisiana
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
ID WATER-LEVEL CHANGES; ERS-1 SAR DATA; AMAZON FLOODPLAIN; BOUNDARY
DELINEATION; FORESTED WETLANDS; VEGETATION; PLAIN; PATTERNS; AREAS;
CYCLE
AB The Louisiana coast is subjected to hurricane impacts including flooding of human settlements, river channels and coastal marshes, and salt water intrusion. Information oil the extent of flooding is often required quickly for emergency relief, repairs of infrastructure, and production of flood risk maps. This study investigates the feasibility of using Radarsat-1 SAR imagery to detect flooded areas in coastal Louisiana after Hurricane Lili, October 2002. Arithmetic differencing and multi-temporal enhancement techniques were employed to detect flooding and to investigate relationships between backscatter and water level changes. Strong positive correlations (R-2=0.7-0.94) were observed between water level and SAR backscatter within marsh areas proximate to Atchafalaya Bay. Although variations in elevation and vegetation type did influence and complicate the radar signature at individual sites, multi-date differences in backscatter largely reflected the patterns of flooding within large marsh areas. Preliminary analyses show that SAR imagery was not useful ill mapping urban flooding in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina's landfall on 29 August 2005.
C1 Louisiana State Univ, Inst Coastal Studies, Earth Scan Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geog & Anthropol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
US Geol Survey, US Dept Interior, Baton Rouge, LA 70894 USA.
RP Louisiana State Univ, Inst Coastal Studies, Earth Scan Lab, Howe Russell Geosci Complex, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
EM lkiagel@lsu.edu
NR 52
TC 26
Z9 28
U1 4
U2 9
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0143-1161
EI 1366-5901
J9 INT J REMOTE SENS
JI Int. J. Remote Sens.
PD DEC 20
PY 2005
VL 26
IS 24
BP 5359
EP 5380
DI 10.1080/01431160500442438
PG 22
WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
GA 003AK
UT WOS:000234653800001
ER
PT J
AU Monteiller, V
Got, JL
Virieux, J
Okubo, P
AF Monteiller, V
Got, JL
Virieux, J
Okubo, P
TI An efficient algorithm for double-difference tomography and location in
heterogeneous media, with an application to the Kilauea volcano
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
LA English
DT Article
ID EAST RIFT-ZONE; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; EARTHQUAKE LOCATIONS; SOUTH FLANK;
CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; SEISMIC VELOCITY; HAYWARD FAULT; HAWAII; CALIFORNIA;
BENEATH
AB Improving our understanding of crustal processes requires a better knowledge of the geometry and the position of geological bodies. In this study we have designed a method based upon double-difference relocation and tomography to image, as accurately as possible, a heterogeneous medium containing seismogenic objects. Our approach consisted not only of incorporating double difference in tomography but also partly in revisiting tomographic schemes for choosing accurate and stable numerical strategies, adapted to the use of cross-spectral time delays. We used a finite difference solution to the eikonal equation for travel time computation and a Tarantola-Valette approach for both the classical and double-difference three-dimensional tomographic inversion to find accurate earthquake locations and seismic velocity estimates. We estimated efficiently the square root of the inverse model's covariance matrix in the case of a Gaussian correlation function. It allows the use of correlation length and a priori model variance criteria to determine the optimal solution. Double-difference relocation of similar earthquakes is performed in the optimal velocity model, making absolute and relative locations less biased by the velocity model. Double-difference tomography is achieved by using high-accuracy time delay measurements. These algorithms have been applied to earthquake data recorded in the vicinity of Kilauea and Mauna Loa volcanoes for imaging the volcanic structures. Stable and detailed velocity models are obtained: the regional tomography unambiguously highlights the structure of the island of Hawaii and the double-difference tomography shows a detailed image of the southern Kilauea caldera-upper east rift zone magmatic complex.
C1 Univ Savoie, Lab Geophys Interne & Tectonophys, F-73376 Le Bourget Du Lac, France.
Geosci Azur, F-06560 Valbonne, France.
US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA.
RP Monteiller, V (reprint author), Univ Savoie, Lab Geophys Interne & Tectonophys, F-73376 Le Bourget Du Lac, France.
EM got@univ-savoie.fr
RI VIRIEUX, Jean/A-4178-2011
NR 43
TC 35
Z9 35
U1 0
U2 13
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9313
EI 2169-9356
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth
PD DEC 16
PY 2005
VL 110
IS B12
AR B12306
DI 10.1029/2004JB003466
PG 22
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 998CN
UT WOS:000234295700001
ER
PT J
AU Forrest, MJ
Ledesma-Vazquez, J
Ussler, W
Kulongoski, JT
Hilton, DR
Greene, HG
AF Forrest, MJ
Ledesma-Vazquez, J
Ussler, W
Kulongoski, JT
Hilton, DR
Greene, HG
TI Gas geochemistry of a shallow submarine hydrothermal vent associated
with the El Requeson fault zone, Bahia Concepcion, Baja California Sur,
Mexico
SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Bahia Concepcion; El Requeson fault zone; shallow water hydrothermal
activity; hydrothermal gas geochemistry; stable isotope ratios;
extensional tectonics
ID SEDIMENTARY ORGANIC-MATTER; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; HELIUM-ISOTOPES; NATURAL
GASES; MOLECULAR NITROGEN; MAGMATIC ORIGIN; UNITED-STATES; VOLCANIC ARC;
TIME-SERIES; CARBON
AB We investigated hydrothermal gas venting associated with a coastal fault zone along the western margin of Bahia Concepcion, B.C.S., Mexico. Copious discharge of geothermal liquid (approximate to 90 degrees C) and gas is occurring in the intertidal and shallow subtidal zones (to a depth of 13 m) through soft sediments and fractures in rocks along a similar to 750 m linear trend generally sub-parallel to an onshore fault near Punta Santa Barbara. Hydrothermal activity shows negative correlation with tidal height; temperatures in the area of hydrothermal activity were up to 11.3 degrees C higher at low tide than at high tide (measured tidal range approximate to 120 cm). Gas samples were collected using SCUBA and analyzed for chemical composition and stable isotope values. The main components of the gas are N-2 (approximate to 53%; 534 mmol/mol), CO2 (approximate to 43%; 435 mmol/mol), and CH4 (approximate to 2.2%; 22 mmol/mol). The delta(13)C values of the CH4 (mean= -34.3 parts per thousand), and the ratios of CH4 to C2H6 (mean= 89), indicate that the gas is thermogenic in origin. The carbon stable isotopes and the delta(15)N of the N-2 in the gas (mean= 1.7 parts per thousand) suggest it may be partially derived from the thermal alteration of algal material in immature sedimentary organic matter. The He isotope ratios (He-3/He-4= 1.32 R-A) indicate a significant mantle component (16.3%) in the gas. Here, we suggest the name El Requeson fault zone for the faults that likely formed as a result of extension in the region during the late Miocene, and are currently serving as conduits for the observed hydrothermal. activity. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA.
UABC, Fac Ciencias Marinas, Ensenada 22800, Baja California, Mexico.
MBARI, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA.
Scripps Inst Oceanog, Fluids & Volatiles Lab, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, San Diego, CA 92123 USA.
RP Forrest, MJ (reprint author), Moss Landing Marine Labs, 8272 Moss Landing Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA.
EM mjforrest@ucsd.edu
RI Hilton, David/B-7611-2008; LEDESMA-VAZQUEZ, JORGE/L-3494-2014;
OI Kulongoski, Justin/0000-0002-3498-4154
NR 86
TC 19
Z9 22
U1 2
U2 9
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0009-2541
J9 CHEM GEOL
JI Chem. Geol.
PD DEC 15
PY 2005
VL 224
IS 1-3
BP 82
EP 95
DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.07.015
PG 14
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 995QL
UT WOS:000234118800006
ER
PT J
AU Matmon, A
Shaked, Y
Porat, N
Enzel, Y
Finkel, R
Lifton, N
Boaretto, E
Agnon, A
AF Matmon, A
Shaked, Y
Porat, N
Enzel, Y
Finkel, R
Lifton, N
Boaretto, E
Agnon, A
TI Landscape development in an hyperarid sandstone environment along the
margins of the Dead Sea fault: Implications from dated rock falls
SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE cliff retreat; cosmogenic isotopes; optically stimulated lumincscence;
Timna; Dead Sea rift
ID COSMOGENIC NUCLIDE PRODUCTION; SOUTHERN ARAVA VALLEY; PRODUCTION-RATES;
EROSION RATES; GEOMAGNETIC-FIELD; SCALING FACTORS; BE-10; AL-26;
EARTHQUAKES; INSITU
AB In this study, we explored the spatial and temporal relations between boulders and their original in-situ locations on sandstone bedrock cliffs. This was accomplished by combining field observations with dating methods using cosmogenic isotopes (Be-10 and C-14) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL). Our conclusions bear both on the landscape evolution and cliff retreat process in the hyperarid region of Timna and on the methodology of estimating exposure ages using cosmogenic isotopes.
We recognize three discrete rock fall events, at 31 ka, 15 ka, and 4 ka. In this hyperarid region, the most plausible triggering mechanism for rock fall events is strong ground acceleration caused by earthquakes generated by the nearby Dead Sea fault (DSF). Our record, however, under represents the regional earthquake record implying that ongoing development of detachment cracks prior to the triggering event might be slower than the earthquake cycle.
Cliff retreat rates calculated using the timing of rock fall events and estimated thickness of rock removed in each event range between 0.14 m ky(-1) and 2 m ky(-1). When only full cycles are considered, we derive a more realistic range of 0.4 m ky(-1) to 0.7 in ky(-1). These rates are an order of magnitude faster than the calculated rate of surface lowering in the area. We conclude that sandstone cliffs at Timna retreat through episodic rock fall events that preserve the sharp, imposing, landscape characteristic to this region and that ongoing weathering of the cliff faces is minor.
A 10%-20% difference in the Be-10 concentrations in samples from matching boulder and cliff faces that have identical exposure histories and are located only a few meters apart indicates that cosmogenic nuclide production rates are sensitive to shielding and vary spatially over short distances. However, uncertainties associated with age calculations yielded boulder and matching cliff face ages that are similar within 1 sigma. The use of external constraints in the form of field relations and OSL dating helped to establish each pair's age. The agreement between calculated C-14 and Be-10 ages indicates that the accumulation of Be-10 at depth by the capture of slow deep-penetrating muons was properly accounted for in the study. (C) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel.
US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
Geol Survey Israel, IL-95501 Jerusalem, Israel.
Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Environm Sci & Energy Res, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel.
RP Matmon, A (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel.
EM arimatmon@cc.huji.ac.il
RI Lifton, Nathaniel/M-2017-2015
OI Lifton, Nathaniel/0000-0002-6976-3298
NR 59
TC 29
Z9 30
U1 1
U2 6
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0012-821X
J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT
JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.
PD DEC 15
PY 2005
VL 240
IS 3-4
BP 803
EP 817
DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2005.06.059
PG 15
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 995VH
UT WOS:000234132000020
ER
PT J
AU Griffin, ER
Kean, JW
Vincent, KR
Smith, JD
Friedman, JM
AF Griffin, ER
Kean, JW
Vincent, KR
Smith, JD
Friedman, JM
TI Modeling effects of bank friction and woody bank vegetation on channel
flow and boundary shear stress in the Rio Puerco, New Mexico
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE
LA English
DT Article
ID BED; TRANSPORT; SEDIMENTS; RIVER; LOAD
AB [1] We have applied a physically based model for steady, horizontally uniform flow to calculate reach-averaged velocity and boundary shear-stress distributions in a natural stream with woody vegetation on the channel banks. The model calculates explicitly the form drag on woody plant stems and includes the effects of vegetation on the boundary shear stress, velocity, and turbulence fields. Average channel shapes, bed gradients, and shrub characteristics were determined for four long, internally similar reaches covering an 81-km segment of the lower Rio Puerco, in north-central New Mexico. Hydraulic geometries for each of three flow events were determined from reach-average channel shapes, slopes, and measured silt-line heights above the bed. Model results show that friction on the lateral boundaries reduced the boundary shear stress in the center of the Rio Puerco channel by as much as 20%. In reaches with moderate to dense bank shrubs, perimeter-averaged boundary shear stresses were reduced by almost 40% during near bankfull flows. Model-calculated discharges for all three flow events indicate there was a loss of about 40% of the upstream discharge through the 81-km river segment. Infiltration rates estimated from discharge losses during the quasi-steady peak flows and areas of the bed and banks suggest rates of flow loss into the silty sand of the upper banks are about 8 times greater than rates of loss into the clayey silt-covered bed and lower banks.
C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RP Griffin, ER (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
EM egriffin@usgs.gov
OI Friedman, Jonathan/0000-0002-1329-0663; Kean, Jason/0000-0003-3089-0369
NR 38
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf.
PD DEC 14
PY 2005
VL 110
IS F4
AR F04023
DI 10.1029/2005JF000322
PG 15
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 998BZ
UT WOS:000234294300001
ER
PT J
AU Walker, DA
Elvebakk, A
Talbot, SS
Daniels, FJA
AF Walker, DA
Elvebakk, A
Talbot, SS
Daniels, FJA
TI The Second International Workshop on Circumpolar Vegetation
Classification and Mapping: a tribute to Boris A. Yurtsev
SO PHYTOCOENOLOGIA
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID ARCTIC VEGETATION; COMMUNITIES; CLIMATE; ALASKA
C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
Univ Tromso, Dept Biol, N-9037 Tromso, Norway.
US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
Univ Munster, Inst Plant Ecol, D-48143 Munster, Germany.
RP Walker, DA (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
EM ffdaw@uaf.edu; arve.elvebakk@lb.uit.no; stephen_talbot@fws.gov;
daniels@uni-muenster.de
NR 39
TC 3
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 2
PU GEBRUDER BORNTRAEGER
PI STUTTGART
PA JOHANNESSTR 3A, D-70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY
SN 0340-269X
J9 PHYTOCOENOLOGIA
JI Phytocoenologia
PD DEC 13
PY 2005
VL 35
IS 4
BP 715
EP 725
DI 10.1127/0340-269X/2005/0035-0715
PG 11
WC Plant Sciences; Ecology
SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 997TS
UT WOS:000234271700001
ER
PT J
AU Talbot, SS
Talbot, SL
Daniels, FJA
AF Talbot, SS
Talbot, SL
Daniels, FJA
TI Comparative phytosociological investigation of subalpine alder thickets
in southwestern Alaska and the North Pacific
SO PHYTOCOENOLOGIA
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 2nd International Workshop on Circumpolar Vegetation Classification and
Mapping
CY JUN 02-06, 2004
CL Tromso, NORWAY
DE Beringia; classification; northern boreal; ordination; Sambuco-Alnetum
viridis; syntaxonomy
ID CLASSIFICATION
AB We present the first vegetation analysis of subalpine alder (Alnus viridis) thickets in southwestern Alaska. The data are primarily from mesic, hilly and mountainous sites ranging from the westernmost tip of the Alaska Peninsula to the northern Kenai Peninsula, spanning 1,000 km on an E-W gradient and 700 kin on a N-S gradient. 127 releves from 18 sites represent the range of structural and compositional variation in the matrix of vegetation and landform diversity. Data were analyzed by multivariate and traditional Braun-Blanquet methods. One association is distinguished, Sainbuco, racemosi-Alnetum viridis ass. nov. with three new sub associations, oplopanacetosum horridi, typicum, and rubetosum spectabilis with the latter subdivided into four variants. These phytocoena are well- differentiated, although they form a syntaxonomical continuum. The composition and structure of these communities are described and interpreted in relation to complex environmental factors; these are analyzed using Jancey's ranking on F-values. Community composition is primarily related to elevation, longitude, soil moisture, and latitude. Phytogeographic comparison of southwestern Alaska alder communities with those elsewhere in the North Pacific suggests a close floristic relationship to those of southcentral, southeastern Alaska and coastal British Columbia, Canada. All these communities belong to the same association, while those of the eastern and southern parts of the Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia belong to a different association. Syntaxonomy of the 4 major communities is discussed. Within the Northern Hemisphere, vascular plant species of southwestern Alaska alder thickets primarily occur in Fast Asia and North America, 36%; while 26% are circumpolar, and 22% are restricted to North America. From a latitudinal perspective, the distribution of vascular plant species within these alder thickets peaks in the high-subarctic, low-subarctic, and temperate latitudinal zones, with low representation of arctic species.
C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Nat Resources, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
Alaska Sci Ctr, Biol Sci Off, US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
Univ Munster, Inst Plant Ecol, D-48143 Munster, Germany.
RP Talbot, SS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Nat Resources, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
EM stephen_talbot@fws.gov; sandy_talbot@usgs.gov; daniels@uni-muenster.de
RI Talbot, Sandra/C-9433-2011
NR 49
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 3
PU GEBRUDER BORNTRAEGER
PI STUTTGART
PA JOHANNESSTR 3A, D-70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY
SN 0340-269X
J9 PHYTOCOENOLOGIA
JI Phytocoenologia
PD DEC 13
PY 2005
VL 35
IS 4
BP 727
EP 759
DI 10.1127/0304-269X/2005/0035-0727
PG 33
WC Plant Sciences; Ecology
SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 997TS
UT WOS:000234271700002
ER
PT J
AU Cohn, TA
Lins, HF
AF Cohn, TA
Lins, HF
TI Nature's style: Naturally trendy
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID HURST PHENOMENON; TIME-SERIES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PERSISTENCE
AB Hydroclimatological time series often exhibit trends. While trend magnitude can be determined with little ambiguity, the corresponding statistical significance, sometimes cited to bolster scientific and political argument, is less certain because significance depends critically on the null hypothesis which in turn reflects subjective notions about what one expects to see. We consider statistical trend tests of hydroclimatological data in the presence of long-term persistence (LTP). Monte Carlo experiments employing FARIMA models indicate that trend tests which fail to consider LTP greatly overstate the statistical significance of observed trends when LTP is present. A new test is presented that avoids this problem. From a practical standpoint, however, it may be preferable to acknowledge that the concept of statistical significance is meaningless when discussing poorly understood systems.
C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA.
RP US Geol Survey, MS 415, Reston, VA USA.
EM tacohn@usgs.gov; hlins@usgs.gov
NR 29
TC 173
Z9 173
U1 2
U2 23
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD DEC 8
PY 2005
VL 32
IS 23
AR L23402
DI 10.1029/2005GL024476
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 997LN
UT WOS:000234247000006
ER
PT J
AU Tomasko, MG
Archinal, B
Becker, T
Bezard, B
Bushroe, M
Combes, M
Cook, D
Coustenis, A
de Bergh, C
Dafoe, LE
Doose, L
Doute, S
Eibl, A
Engel, S
Gliem, F
Grieger, B
Holso, K
Howington-Kraus, E
Karkoschka, E
Keller, HU
Kirk, R
Kramm, R
Kuppers, M
Lanagan, P
Lellouch, E
Lemmon, M
Lunine, J
McFarlane, E
Moores, J
Prout, GM
Rizk, B
Rosiek, M
Rueffer, P
Schroder, SE
Schmitt, B
See, C
Smith, P
Soderblom, L
Thomas, N
West, R
AF Tomasko, MG
Archinal, B
Becker, T
Bezard, B
Bushroe, M
Combes, M
Cook, D
Coustenis, A
de Bergh, C
Dafoe, LE
Doose, L
Doute, S
Eibl, A
Engel, S
Gliem, F
Grieger, B
Holso, K
Howington-Kraus, E
Karkoschka, E
Keller, HU
Kirk, R
Kramm, R
Kuppers, M
Lanagan, P
Lellouch, E
Lemmon, M
Lunine, J
McFarlane, E
Moores, J
Prout, GM
Rizk, B
Rosiek, M
Rueffer, P
Schroder, SE
Schmitt, B
See, C
Smith, P
Soderblom, L
Thomas, N
West, R
TI Rain, winds and haze during the Huygens probe's descent to Titan's
surface
SO NATURE
LA English
DT Article
ID AGGREGATE PARTICLES; ATMOSPHERE; AEROSOLS; SIMULATION; AMMONIA; ENTRY;
MODEL; ICE
AB The irreversible conversion of methane into higher hydrocarbons in Titan's stratosphere implies a surface or subsurface methane reservoir. Recent measurements from the cameras aboard the Cassini orbiter fail to see a global reservoir, but the methane and smog in Titan's atmosphere impedes the search for hydrocarbons on the surface. Here we report spectra and high-resolution images obtained by the Huygens Probe Descent Imager/Spectral Radiometer instrument in Titan's atmosphere. Although these images do not show liquid hydrocarbon pools on the surface, they do reveal the traces of once flowing liquid. Surprisingly like Earth, the brighter highland regions show complex systems draining into flat, dark lowlands. Images taken after landing are of a dry riverbed. The infrared reflectance spectrum measured for the surface is unlike any other in the Solar System; there is a red slope in the optical range that is consistent with an organic material such as tholins, and absorption from water ice is seen. However, a blue slope in the near-infrared suggests another, unknown constituent. The number density of haze particles increases by a factor of just a few from an altitude of 150 km to the surface, with no clear space below the tropopause. The methane relative humidity near the surface is 50 per cent.
C1 Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
Observ Paris, LESIA, F-92195 Meudon, France.
Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, Lab Planetol Grenoble, F-38041 Grenoble, France.
Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany.
Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
Ist Fis Spazio Interplanetario, Ist Nazl Astrofis, ARTOV, I-00133 Rome, Italy.
Univ Bern, Dept Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP See, C (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, 1629 E Univ Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
EM csee@lpl.arizona.edu
RI Lemmon, Mark/E-9983-2010; Schmitt, Bernard/A-1064-2009; Schroder,
Stefan/D-9709-2013
OI Lemmon, Mark/0000-0002-4504-5136; Schmitt, Bernard/0000-0002-1230-6627;
Schroder, Stefan/0000-0003-0323-8324
NR 31
TC 330
Z9 332
U1 7
U2 61
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 0028-0836
J9 NATURE
JI Nature
PD DEC 8
PY 2005
VL 438
IS 7069
BP 765
EP 778
DI 10.1038/nature04126
PG 14
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 990XX
UT WOS:000233777800037
PM 16319829
ER
PT J
AU Sankaran, M
Hanan, NP
Scholes, RJ
Ratnam, J
Augustine, DJ
Cade, BS
Gignoux, J
Higgins, SI
Le Roux, X
Ludwig, F
Ardo, J
Banyikwa, F
Bronn, A
Bucini, G
Caylor, KK
Coughenour, MB
Diouf, A
Ekaya, W
Feral, CJ
February, EC
Frost, PGH
Hiernaux, P
Hrabar, H
Metzger, KL
Prins, HHT
Ringrose, S
Sea, W
Tews, J
Worden, J
Zambatis, N
AF Sankaran, M
Hanan, NP
Scholes, RJ
Ratnam, J
Augustine, DJ
Cade, BS
Gignoux, J
Higgins, SI
Le Roux, X
Ludwig, F
Ardo, J
Banyikwa, F
Bronn, A
Bucini, G
Caylor, KK
Coughenour, MB
Diouf, A
Ekaya, W
Feral, CJ
February, EC
Frost, PGH
Hiernaux, P
Hrabar, H
Metzger, KL
Prins, HHT
Ringrose, S
Sea, W
Tews, J
Worden, J
Zambatis, N
TI Determinants of woody cover in African savannas
SO NATURE
LA English
DT Article
ID TREE-GRASS COEXISTENCE; QUANTILE REGRESSION; FIRE; VEGETATION;
MECHANISMS; STABILITY; SYSTEMS
AB Savannas are globally important ecosystems of great significance to human economies. In these biomes, which are characterized by the co-dominance of trees and grasses, woody cover is a chief determinant of ecosystem properties(1-3). The availability of resources ( water, nutrients) and disturbance regimes ( fire, herbivory) are thought to be important in regulating woody cover(1,2,4,5), but perceptions differ on which of these are the primary drivers of savanna structure. Here we show, using data from 854 sites across Africa, that maximum woody cover in savannas receiving a mean annual precipitation (MAP) of less than similar to 650 mm is constrained by, and increases linearly with, MAP. These arid and semi-arid savannas may be considered 'stable' systems in which water constrains woody cover and permits grasses to coexist, while fire, herbivory and soil properties interact to reduce woody cover below the MAP-controlled upper bound. Above a MAP of similar to 650 mm, savannas are 'unstable' systems in which MAP is sufficient for woody canopy closure, and disturbances ( fire, herbivory) are required for the coexistence of trees and grass. These results provide insights into the nature of African savannas and suggest that future changes in precipitation(6) may considerably affect their distribution and dynamics.
C1 Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
CSIR, Div Forest Sci & Technol, ZA-001 Pretoria, South Africa.
Forest Serv, USDA, Commanche Natl Grassland, Springfield, CO 81073 USA.
US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7625, Lab Ecol,Ecole Normale Super, F-75230 Paris, France.
UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Sekt Okosyst Anal, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5557,Microbial Ecol Lab, USC INRA 1193, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
CSIRO Plant Ind, CSIRO Ctr Environm & Life Sci, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia.
Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Anal, S-22362 Lund, Sweden.
Univ Dar Es Salaam, Dept Bot, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.
Port Elizabeth Technikon, Dept Agr & Game Management, ZA-6000 Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
Ctr Suivi Ecol, Dakar, Senegal.
Univ Nairobi, Dept Range Management, Nairobi, Kenya.
Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
Univ Cape Town, Dept Bot, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa.
Univ Zimbabwe, Inst Environm Studies, Harare, Zimbabwe.
CESBIO, F-31401 Toulouse, France.
Univ Pretoria, Mammal Res Inst, ZA-002 Pretoria, South Africa.
Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Resource Ecol Grp, NL-6708 PD Wageningen, Netherlands.
Univ Botswana, Harry Oppenheimer Okavango Res Ctr, Maun, Botswana.
Univ Potsdam, Inst Biochem & Biol Plant Ecol & Nat Conservat, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany.
Kruger Natl Pk, Sci Serv, ZA-1350 Skukuza, South Africa.
RP Sankaran, M (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM mahesh@nrel.colostate.edu
RI Caylor, Kelly/B-7734-2008; Mitchard, Edward/C-6346-2009; Augustine,
David/H-6167-2011; Higgins, Steven/A-5138-2012; Ludwig,
Fulco/N-7732-2013; Noojipady, Praveen/B-2511-2010;
OI Scholes, Robert/0000-0001-5537-6935; Hanan, Niall/0000-0002-9130-5306;
Ardo, Jonas/0000-0002-9318-0973; Caylor, Kelly/0000-0002-6466-6448;
Higgins, Steven/0000-0001-5695-9665; Sea, William/0000-0001-6631-6735
NR 30
TC 679
Z9 699
U1 79
U2 322
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 0028-0836
J9 NATURE
JI Nature
PD DEC 8
PY 2005
VL 438
IS 7069
BP 846
EP 849
DI 10.1038/nature04070
PG 4
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 990XX
UT WOS:000233777800049
PM 16341012
ER
PT J
AU Fend, SV
AF Fend, SV
TI Rhynchelmis aleutensis n. sp (Clitellata : Lumbriculidae) from Adak
Island, Alaska
SO ZOOTAXA
LA English
DT Article
DE Clitellata; Oligochaeta; Lumbriculidae; Rhynchelmis; taxonomy; Aleutian
Islands
AB A new lumbriculid worm, Rhynchelmis aleutensis, is described from streams on Adak Island, Alaska. The new species does not resemble other Alaskan or Siberian Rhynchelmis species. The paired spermathecal diverticula and the morphology of the male pores and atria suggest that it is more closely related to a species group known only from the western United States, south of Canada. The latter group has been associated with Sutroa Eisen, 1888.
C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Fend, SV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,M-S 465, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM svfend@usgs.gov
NR 16
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU MAGNOLIA PRESS
PI AUCKLAND
PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND
SN 1175-5326
EI 1175-5334
J9 ZOOTAXA
JI Zootaxa
PD DEC 8
PY 2005
IS 1093
BP 45
EP 53
PG 9
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 991YE
UT WOS:000233850000004
ER
PT J
AU Tinti, E
Spudich, P
Cocco, M
AF Tinti, E
Spudich, P
Cocco, M
TI Earthquake fracture energy inferred from kinematic rupture models on
extended faults
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
LA English
DT Article
ID 1979 IMPERIAL-VALLEY; SAN-ANDREAS SYSTEM; STRONG-MOTION DATA;
SLIP-WEAKENING DISTANCE; DYNAMIC STRESS DROP; 1984 MORGAN-HILL; 1992
LANDERS; HETEROGENEOUS DISTRIBUTION; PUNCHBOWL FAULT; SURFACE-ENERGY
AB [1] We estimate fracture energy on extended faults for several recent earthquakes by retrieving dynamic traction evolution at each point on the fault plane from slip history imaged by inverting ground motion waveforms. We define the breakdown work (W-b) a s the excess of work over some minimum traction level achieved during slip. W-b is equivalent to "seismological" fracture energy (G) in previous investigations. Our numerical approach uses slip velocity as a boundary condition on the fault. We employ a three-dimensional finite difference algorithm to compute the dynamic traction evolution in the time domain during the earthquake rupture. We estimate W-b by calculating the scalar product between dynamic traction and slip velocity vectors. This approach does not require specifying a constitutive law and assuming dynamic traction to be collinear with slip velocity. If these vectors are not collinear, the inferred breakdown work depends on the initial traction level. We show that breakdown work depends on the square of slip. The spatial distribution of breakdown work in a single earthquake is strongly correlated with the slip distribution. Breakdown work density and its integral over the fault, breakdown energy, scale with seismic moment according to a power law ( with exponent 0.59 and 1.18, respectively). Our estimates of breakdown work range between 4 X 10(5) and 2 X 10(7) J/m(2) for earthquakes having moment magnitudes between 5.6 and 7.2. We also compare our inferred values with geologic surface energies. This comparison might suggest that breakdown work for large earthquakes goes primarily into heat production.
C1 Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, I-00143 Rome, Italy.
US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Tinti, E (reprint author), Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Via Vigna Murata 605, I-00143 Rome, Italy.
EM tinti@ingv.it; spudich@usgs.gov; cocco@ingv.it
RI Cocco, Massimo/G-6872-2012;
OI Tinti, Elisa/0000-0002-6942-3592
NR 42
TC 90
Z9 92
U1 3
U2 9
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9313
EI 2169-9356
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth
PD DEC 7
PY 2005
VL 110
IS B12
AR B12303
DI 10.1029/2005JB003644
PG 25
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 997MO
UT WOS:000234249800002
ER
PT J
AU Manning, AH
Solomon, DK
AF Manning, AH
Solomon, DK
TI An integrated environmental tracer approach to characterizing
groundwater circulation in a mountain block
SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; FRONT RECHARGE; THERMAL REGIMES; NOBLE-GASES;
HEAT-FLOW; SYSTEMS; WATER; TERRAIN; MODEL; HE-3
AB [1] The subsurface transfer of water from a mountain block to an adjacent basin ( mountain block recharge (MBR)) is a commonly invoked mechanism of recharge to intermountain basins. However, MBR estimates are highly uncertain. We present an approach to characterize bulk fluid circulation in a mountain block and thus MBR that utilizes environmental tracers from the basin aquifer. Noble gas recharge temperatures, groundwater ages, and temperature data combined with heat and fluid flow modeling are used to identify clearly improbable flow regimes in the southeastern Salt Lake Valley, Utah, and adjacent Wasatch Mountains. The range of possible MBR rates is reduced by 70%. Derived MBR rates (5.5 - 12.6 X 10(4) m(3) d(-1)) are on the same order of magnitude as previous large estimates, indicating that significant MBR to intermountain basins is plausible. However, derived rates are 50 - 100% of the lowest previous estimate, meaning total recharge is probably less than previously thought.
C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
RP Manning, AH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046,Mail Stop 964, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM amanning@usgs.gov
RI Solomon, Douglas/C-7951-2016
OI Solomon, Douglas/0000-0001-6370-7124
NR 50
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 2
U2 22
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0043-1397
J9 WATER RESOUR RES
JI Water Resour. Res.
PD DEC 6
PY 2005
VL 41
IS 12
AR W12412
DI 10.1029/2005WR004178
PG 19
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water
Resources
GA 997NF
UT WOS:000234251600002
ER
PT J
AU Pelletier, JD
Harrington, CD
Whitney, JW
Cline, M
DeLong, SB
Keating, G
Ebert, KT
AF Pelletier, JD
Harrington, CD
Whitney, JW
Cline, M
DeLong, SB
Keating, G
Ebert, KT
TI Geomorphic control of radionuclide diffusion in desert soils
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
AB Diffusion is a standard model for the vertical migration of radionuclides in soil profiles. Here we show that diffusivity values inferred from fallout Cs-137 profiles in soils on the Fortymile Wash alluvial fan, Nye County, Nevada, have a strong inverse correlation with the age of the geomorphic surface. This result suggests that radionuclide-bound particles are predominantly transported by infiltration rather than by bulk-mixing processes such as wetting/drying, freeze/thaw, and bioturbation. Our results provide a preliminary basis for using soil-geomorphic mapping, point-based calibration data, and the diffusion model to predict radionuclide transport in desert soils within a pedotransfer-function approach.
C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
RP Pelletier, JD (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Gould Simpson Bldg,1040 E 4th St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
EM jon@geo.arizona.edu
OI DeLong, Stephen/0000-0002-0945-2172
NR 13
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD DEC 2
PY 2005
VL 32
IS 23
AR L23401
DI 10.1029/2005GL024347
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 993EI
UT WOS:000233935800006
ER
PT J
AU Robinson, LF
Adkins, JF
Keigwin, LD
Southon, J
Fernandez, DP
Wang, SL
Scheirer, DS
AF Robinson, LF
Adkins, JF
Keigwin, LD
Southon, J
Fernandez, DP
Wang, SL
Scheirer, DS
TI Radiocarbon variability in the western North Atlantic during the last
deglaciation
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID DEEP-SEA CORALS; MILLENNIAL-SCALE CHANGES; CAL KYR BP; GLACIAL MAXIMUM;
SOUTHERN-OCEAN; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE;
INTERMEDIATE WATER; AGE CALIBRATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE
AB We present a detailed history of glacial to Holocene radiocarbon in the deep western North Atlantic from deep-sea corals and paired benthic-planktonic foraminifera. The deglaciation is marked by switches between radiocarbon-enriched and -depleted waters, leading to large radiocarbon gradients in the water column. These changes played an important role in modulating atmospheric radiocarbon. The deep-ocean record supports the notion of a bipolar seesaw with increased Northem-source deep-water formation linked to Northern Hemisphere warming and the reverse. In contrast, the more frequent radiocarbon variations in the intermediate/deep ocean are associated with roughly synchronous changes at the poles.
C1 CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, McLean Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
Univ Calif Irvine, Earth Syst Sci Dept, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Robinson, LF (reprint author), CALTECH, MS 100-23,1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM laurar@gps.caltech.edu
RI Stott, Lowell/J-9460-2012;
OI Robinson, Laura/0000-0001-6811-0140
NR 47
TC 165
Z9 166
U1 1
U2 45
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
EI 1095-9203
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD DEC 2
PY 2005
VL 310
IS 5753
BP 1469
EP 1473
DI 10.1126/science.1114832
PG 5
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 990PU
UT WOS:000233756500037
PM 16322451
ER
PT J
AU Lay, T
Kanamori, H
Ammon, CJ
Nettles, M
Ward, SN
Aster, R
Beck, SL
Bilek, SL
Brudzinski, MR
Butler, R
DeShon, HR
Ekstrom, G
Satake, K
Sipkin, S
AF Lay, T
Kanamori, H
Ammon, CJ
Nettles, M
Ward, SN
Aster, R
Beck, SL
Bilek, SL
Brudzinski, MR
Butler, R
DeShon, HR
Ekstrom, G
Satake, K
Sipkin, S
TI Response to Comment on "The great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake of 26
December 2004"
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID ALTIMETRY
AB We support the revised estimate of tsunami source length (similar to 800 km) obtained by Neetu et at. Sea-level monitoring with a high sampling rate, good azimuthal coverage, and real-time access, along with detailed bathymetry data around the stations, would improve source region estimation from tsunami arrival times.
C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
CALTECH, Seismol Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA.
New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Geophys Res Ctr, Socorro, NM 87801 USA.
Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA.
IRIS Consortium, Washington, DC 20005 USA.
Geol Survey Japan, Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan.
US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Lay, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
EM thorne@pmc.ucsc.edu
RI Brudzinski, Michael/A-8301-2011; Satake, Kenji/E-2312-2011; Nettles,
Meredith/A-8638-2012; Ekstrom, Goran/C-9771-2012; Aster,
Richard/E-5067-2013
OI Satake, Kenji/0000-0002-3368-3085; Ekstrom, Goran/0000-0001-6410-275X;
Aster, Richard/0000-0002-0821-4906
NR 7
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
EI 1095-9203
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD DEC 2
PY 2005
VL 310
IS 5753
DI 10.1126/science.1119662
PG 1
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 990PU
UT WOS:000233756500023
ER
PT J
AU Legates, DR
Lins, HF
McCabe, GJ
AF Legates, DR
Lins, HF
McCabe, GJ
TI Comments on "Evidence for global runoff increase related to climate
warming" by Labat et al.
SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES
LA English
DT Article
ID UNITED-STATES; TEMPERATURE
AB We have examined the evidence presented by Labat et al. and found that (1) their claims for a 4% increase in global runoff arising from a I degrees C increase in air temperature and (2) that their article provides the "first experimental data-based evidence demonstrating the link between the global warming and the intensification of the global hydrological cycle" are not supported by the data presented. Our conclusions are based on the facts that (1) their discharge records exhibit non-climatic influences and trends, (2) their work cannot refute previous studies finding no relation between air temperature and runoff, (3) their conclusions cannot explain relations before 1925, and (4) the statistical significance of their results hinges on a single data point that exerts undue influence on the slope of the regression line. We argue that Labat et al. have not provided sufficient evidence to support their claim for having detected increases in global runoff resulting from climate warming. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Delaware, Ctr Climate Res, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Legates, DR (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Ctr Climate Res, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
EM legates@udel.edu
NR 10
TC 39
Z9 39
U1 0
U2 8
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0309-1708
J9 ADV WATER RESOUR
JI Adv. Water Resour.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 28
IS 12
BP 1310
EP 1315
DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.04.006
PG 6
WC Water Resources
SC Water Resources
GA 982SX
UT WOS:000233183000004
ER
PT J
AU Tan, ZX
Lal, R
AF Tan, ZX
Lal, R
TI Carbon sequestration potential estimates with changes in land use and
tillage practice in Ohio, USA
SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE alfisols; carbon sequestration; carbon sequestration potential;
conventional tillage; cropland; forestland; no-till; reforestation; soil
organic carbon
ID ORGANIC-CARBON; SOIL; MANAGEMENT; CROPLAND; BUDGET; MATTER; BULK
AB Soil C sequestration through changes in land use and management is one of the important strategies to mitigate the global greenhouse effect. This study was conducted to estimate C sequestration potential of the top 20 cm depth of soil for two scenarios in Ohio, USA: (1) with reforestation of both current cropland and grassland where SOC pools are less than the baseline SOC pool under current forest; (2) with the adoption of NT on all current cropland. Based on Ohio Soil Survey Characterization Database and long-term experimental data of paired conservation tillage (CT) versus no-till (NT), we specified spatial variations of current SOC pools and C sequestration potentials associated with soil taxa within each major land resource area (MLRA). For scenario 1, there would be 4.56 Mha of cropland having an average SOC sequestration capacity of 1.55 kg C m(-2) and 0.80 Mha of grassland with that of 1.35 kg C m(-2). Of all potential area, 73% are associated with Alfisols and 15% with Mollisols, but the achievable potential could vary significantly with individual MLRAs. Alternately, an average SOC sequestration rate of 62 g C m(-2) year(-1) was estimated with conversion from CT to NT for cultivated Alfisols, by which a cumulative increase of 71 Tg C resulted from reforestation of cropland could be realized in 25 years. Soils with lower antecedent C contents have higher C sequestration rates. In comparison with the results obtained at the state scale, the estimates of SOC sequestration potentials taxonomically associated with each specific MLRA may be more useful to the formulation of C credit trading programs. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
RP Tan, ZX (reprint author), USGS, Natl Ctr EROS, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
EM ztan@usgs.gov
RI daorui, han/G-3767-2011; Lal, Rattan/D-2505-2013;
OI Tan, Zhengxi/0000-0002-4136-0921
NR 37
TC 42
Z9 60
U1 2
U2 35
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-8809
J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON
JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ.
PD DEC 1
PY 2005
VL 111
IS 1-4
BP 140
EP 152
DI 10.1016/j.agee.2005.05.012
PG 13
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 978VX
UT WOS:000232902200014
ER
PT J
AU Hofmeister, EK
Porter, R
AF Hofmeister, Erik K.
Porter, Rob
TI Chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar) show moderate susceptibility to WNV
and may play a role in the maintenance of WNV at enzootic sites in the
western US
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Hofmeister, Erik K.] USGS NWHC, Madison, WI USA.
[Porter, Rob] Wisconsin Vet Diagnost Lab, Madison, WI USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE
PI MCLEAN
PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA
SN 0002-9637
J9 AM J TROP MED HYG
JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 73
IS 6
SU S
MA 271
BP 90
EP 90
PG 1
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
GA V44GA
UT WOS:000202990000271
ER
PT J
AU Byers, JA
Wiseman, PA
Jones, L
Roffe, TJ
AF Byers, JA
Wiseman, PA
Jones, L
Roffe, TJ
TI A large cost of female mate sampling in pronghorn
SO AMERICAN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
DE energy cost; mate sampling; pronghorn
ID GOOD GENES; MATING PREFERENCES; SEVERE WINTER; CHOICE; EVOLUTION;
PERFORMANCE; ENERGETICS; MORTALITY; SELECTION; BENEFITS
AB We measured the energy cost of mate sampling by female pronghorn (Antilocapra americana), a species for which there are no apparent direct benefits of mate choice and for which the sampling tactic most closely resembles best-of-n or comparative Bayes. We used Global Positioning System collars to record the position of individuals at 10-min intervals during the 2 weeks preceding estrus in females that actively sampled and in females that did not sample. The difference in the 2-week energy costs of these two classes of females was 8,200 (+/- 2,300) kJ, or roughly one-half of the energy cost of a single day. This value, expressed as the fraction of total yearly energy expenditure, is 59 times the value reported for a lekking bird. Our finding calls into question the common assumption in models of mate search that the cost of search is negligible as well as the common assumption that the cost of sampling must be small when there are only indirect benefits of female choice.
C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Biol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Bison Range, Moiese, MT 59824 USA.
US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA.
RP Byers, JA (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Biol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
EM jbyers@uidaho.edu; avsh1586@uidaho.edu; lee_c_jones@fws.gov;
tjroffe@montana.edu
NR 42
TC 66
Z9 66
U1 2
U2 25
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 0003-0147
J9 AM NAT
JI Am. Nat.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 166
IS 6
BP 661
EP 668
DI 10.1086/497401
PG 8
WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
GA 988FF
UT WOS:000233576600006
PM 16475083
ER
PT J
AU Smith, KG
AF Smith, KG
TI An exploratory assessment of Cuban Treefrog (Osteopilus septentrionalis)
tadpoles as predators of native and nonindigenous tadpoles in Florida
SO AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA
LA English
DT Article
ID BUFO-MARINUS ANURA; AQUATIC PREDATORS; TOAD; BUFONIDAE; INVASIONS;
TOXICITY; LARVAE; EGGS
C1 US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA.
RP Smith, KG (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 569 Dabney Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
EM kgs@utk.edu
RI Smith, Kevin/A-5044-2010
NR 24
TC 5
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 16
PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS
PI LEIDEN
PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS
SN 0173-5373
J9 AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA
JI Amphib. Reptil.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 26
IS 4
BP 571
EP 575
DI 10.1163/156853805774806313
PG 5
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 994WQ
UT WOS:000234062300021
ER
PT J
AU Bohlke, JK
Sturchio, NC
Gu, BH
Horita, J
Brown, GM
Jackson, WA
Batista, J
Hatzinger, PB
AF Bohlke, JK
Sturchio, NC
Gu, BH
Horita, J
Brown, GM
Jackson, WA
Batista, J
Hatzinger, PB
TI Perchlorate isotope forensics
SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Letter
ID FRACTIONATION; NITRATE; WATER; CHLORINE; REDUCTION; EXCHANGE; ORIGIN;
SYSTEM
AB Perchlorate has been detected recently in a variety of soils, waters, plants, and food products at levels that may be detrimental to human health. These discoveries have generated considerable interest in perchlorate source identification. In this study, comprehensive stable isotope analyses (Cl-37/Cl-35 and O-18/O-17/O-16) of perchlorate from known synthetic and natural sources reveal systematic differences in isotopic characteristics that are related to the formation mechanisms. In addition, isotopic analyses of perchlorate extracted from groundwater and surface water demonstrate the feasibility of identifying perchlorate sources in contaminated environments on the basis of this technique. Both natural and synthetic sources of perchlorate have been identified in water samples from some perchlorate occurrences in the United States by the isotopic method.
C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA.
Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37381 USA.
Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37381 USA.
Texas Tech Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.
Univ Nevada, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA.
Shaw Environm, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 USA.
RP Bohlke, JK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
EM jkbohlke@usgs.gov
RI Jackson, William/B-8999-2009; Gu, Baohua/B-9511-2012
OI Gu, Baohua/0000-0002-7299-2956
NR 35
TC 48
Z9 57
U1 2
U2 31
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0003-2700
J9 ANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Chem.
PD DEC 1
PY 2005
VL 77
IS 23
BP 7838
EP 7842
DI 10.1021/ac051360d
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA 991BA
UT WOS:000233785900053
PM 16316196
ER
PT J
AU Lombardi, AM
Akinci, A
Malagnini, L
Mueller, CS
AF Lombardi, AM
Akinci, A
Malagnini, L
Mueller, CS
TI Uncertainty analysis for seismic hazard in Northern and Central Italy
SO ANNALS OF GEOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE seismic hazard; uncertainty analysis; Italy
ID RESPONSE SPECTRA; ORANGE COUNTIES; UNITED-STATES; LOS-ANGELES;
EARTHQUAKE; CALIFORNIA; VENTURA; MODEL
AB In this study we examine uncertainty and parametric sensitivity of Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) and 1-Hz Spectral Acceleration (1-Hz SA) in probabilistic seismic hazard maps (10% probability of exceedance in 50 years) of Northern and Central Italy. The uncertainty in hazard is estimated using a Monte Carlo approach to randomly sample a logic tree that has three input-variables branch points representing alternative values for b-value, maximum magnitude (M-max) and attenuation relationships. Uncertainty is expressed in terms of 95% confidence band and Coefficient Of Variation (COV). The overall variability of ground motions and their sensitivity to each parameter of the logic tree are investigated. The largest values of the overall 95% confidence band are around 0.15 for PGA in the Friuli and Northern Apennines regions and around 0.35 g for 1-Hz SA in the Central Apennines. The sensitivity analysis shows that the largest contributor to seismic hazard variability is un-certainty in the choice of ground-motion attenuation relationships, especially in the Friuli Region (similar to 0.10 g) for PGA and in the Friuli and Central Apennines regions (similar to 0.15 g) for 1-Hz SA. This is followed by the variability of the b-value: its main contribution is evident in the Friuli and Central Apennines regions for both 1-Hz SA (similar to 0.15 g) and PGA (similar to 0.10 g). We observe that the contribution of M-max to seismic hazard variability is negligible, at least for 10% exceedance in 50-years hazard. The overall COV map for PGA shows that the uncertainty in the hazard is larger in the Friuli and Northern Apennine regions, around 20-30%. than the Central Apennines and Northwestern Italy. around 10-20%. The overall uncertainty is larger for the 1-Hz SA map and reaches 50-60% in the Central Apennines and Western Alps.
C1 Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, I-00143 Rome, Italy.
US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Lombardi, AM (reprint author), Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Via Vigna Murata 605, I-00143 Rome, Italy.
EM lombardi@mgv.it
NR 29
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 1
PU EDITRICE COMPOSITORI BOLOGNA
PI BOLOGNA
PA VIA STALINGRADO 97/2, I-40128 BOLOGNA, ITALY
SN 1593-5213
J9 ANN GEOPHYS-ITALY
JI Ann. Geophys.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 48
IS 6
BP 853
EP 865
PG 13
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 034BE
UT WOS:000236898600001
ER
PT J
AU De Carlo, EH
Tomlinson, MS
Anthony, SS
AF De Carlo, EH
Tomlinson, MS
Anthony, SS
TI Trace elements in streambed sediments of small subtropical streams on
O'ahu, Hawai'i: Results from the USGS NAWQA program
SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; METAL POLLUTION; HEAVY-METALS; RIVER;
WATER; HONOLULU; VOLCANO; SPAIN
AB Data are presented for trace element concentrations determined in the <63 mu m fraction of streambed sediment samples collected at 24 sites on the island of O'ahu, Hawaii. Sampling sites were classified as urban, agricultural, mixed (urban/ agricultural), or forested based on their dominant land use, although the mixed land use at selected sampling sites consisted of either urban and agricultural or forested and agricultural land uses. Forest dominated sites were used as reference sites for calculating enrichment factors.
Trace element concentrations were compared to concentrations from studies conducted in the conterminous United States using identical methods and to aquatic-life guidelines provided by the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment. A variety of elements including Pb, Cr, Cu and Zn exceeded the aquatic-life guidelines in selected samples. All of the Cr and Zn values and 16 of 24 Cu values exceeded their respective guidelines. The potential toxicity of elements exceeding guidelines, however, should be considered in the context of strong enrichments of selected trace elements attributable to source rocks in Hawai'i, as well as in the context of the abundance of fine-grained sediment in the streambed of O'ahu streams.
Statistical methods including cluster analysis, Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to evaluate differences and elucidate relationships between trace elements and sites. Overall, trace element distributions and abundances can be correlated to three principal sources of elements. These include basaltic rocks of the volcanic edifice (Fe, Al, Ni, Co, Cr, V and Cu), carbonate/seawater derived elements (Mg, Ca, Na and Sr), and elements enriched owing to anthropogenic activity (P, Sn, Cd, Sn, Ba and Pb). Anthropogenic enrichment gradients were observed for Ba, Cd, Pb, Sn and Zn in the four streams in which sediments were collected upstream and downstream.
The findings of this study are generally similar to but differ slightly from previous work on sediments and suspended particulate matter in streams, from two urban watersheds of O'ahu, Hawai'i. Inter-element associations in the latter were often stronger and indicated a mixture of anthropogenic, agricultural and basaltic sources of trace elements. Some elements fell into different statistical categories in the two Studies, owing in part to differences in study design and the hydro-geological constraints on the respective study areas. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, SOEST, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
US Geol Survey, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA.
RP De Carlo, EH (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, SOEST, 1000 Pope Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
EM edecarlo@soest.hawaii.edu
OI Tomlinson, Michael/0000-0003-2870-9858
NR 62
TC 19
Z9 20
U1 4
U2 12
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0883-2927
J9 APPL GEOCHEM
JI Appl. Geochem.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 20
IS 12
BP 2157
EP 2188
DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2005.08.005
PG 32
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 993VU
UT WOS:000233984300001
ER
PT J
AU Neumann, K
Lyons, WB
Graham, EY
Callender, E
AF Neumann, K
Lyons, WB
Graham, EY
Callender, E
TI Historical backcasting of metal concentrations in the Chattahoochee
River, Georgia: Population growth and environmental policy
SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID TRACE-METAL; SURFACE WATERS; FRESH-WATER; ZINC; LEAD; SEDIMENTS; TRENDS;
DIAGENESIS; SYSTEMS; INPUTS
AB The impact of increasing urbanization on the quality of a river system has been investigated by examining the current concentration of trace metals in the Chattahoochee River south of Atlanta, GA, and comparing these to previously published historical sediment data from reservoirs along the river. The lack of historical data for dissolved metal concentrations prior to similar to 1980 requires an approach using these historic metal data from sediment cores. Core data are combined with current Suspended load and dissolved metal data to "backcast" dissolved metal concentrations in the metro-Atlanta portion of the Chattahoochee River. The data suggest that the per capita input of dissolved trace metals have actually decreased since the 1920s, but anthropogenic inputs of metal are still a substantial water quality issue. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Ball State Univ, Dept Geol, Muncie, IN 47306 USA.
Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
Ohio State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
Univ Alabama, Dept Geol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA.
US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Neumann, K (reprint author), Ball State Univ, Dept Geol, Muncie, IN 47306 USA.
EM kneumann@bsu.edu
NR 39
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 2
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0883-2927
J9 APPL GEOCHEM
JI Appl. Geochem.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 20
IS 12
BP 2315
EP 2324
DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2005.07.005
PG 10
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 993VU
UT WOS:000233984300009
ER
PT J
AU Rabeni, CF
Doisy, KE
Zweig, LD
AF Rabeni, CF
Doisy, KE
Zweig, LD
TI Stream invertebrate community functional responses to deposited sediment
SO AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE deposited sediment; benthic invertebrates; functional groups; tolerance;
trophic; habit; Missouri
ID BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; INSECT COMMUNITIES; RIVER; ECOLOGY; HABITAT;
MICRODISTRIBUTION; SILTATION; DYNAMICS; TRAITS; SIZE
AB We investigated functional responses of benthic invertebrates to deposited sediment in four Missouri USA streams. In each stream, invertebrates were sampled along continuums of deposited sediment (particles < 2 mm in size) from 0 to 100% surface cover in reaches of fairly homogeneous substrate composition, current velocity, and water depths. Correlations, graphical representations, and the cumulative response curves of feeding and habit groups provided strong empirical support for distinct community functional changes due to deposited sediment. Feeding groups were more sensitive to deposited sediment than habit groups. Densities of all the feeding groups decreased significantly with increasing deposited sediment, while relative densities of gatherers increased significantly. Taxa richness also decreased significantly for all the feeding groups except for the shredders. Increases in deposited sediment were related to significant density decreases for only the clingers and sprawlers in the habit group, resulting in significant increases in the relative densities of both burrowers and climbers. Clingers, sprawlers, and swimmers also showed significant decreases in taxa richness.
C1 Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Sch Nat Resources, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
RP Rabeni, CF (reprint author), Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 302 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
EM RabeniC@missouri.edu
NR 39
TC 69
Z9 73
U1 2
U2 39
PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG
PI BASEL
PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 1015-1621
J9 AQUAT SCI
JI Aquat. Sci.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 67
IS 4
BP 395
EP 402
DI 10.1007/s00027-005-0793-2
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 992ER
UT WOS:000233867700002
ER
PT J
AU Cummins, KW
Wilzbach, MA
AF Cummins, KW
Wilzbach, MA
TI The inadequacy of the fish-bearing criterion for stream management
SO AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE fishless streams; headwater streams; intermittent streams; functional
groups; road decommissioning
ID HEADWATER STREAMS; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS;
INVERTEBRATES; COMMUNITIES; DETRITUS; LINKAGES; EXPORT; TROUT; RIVER
AB Dependence on the fish-bearing and non-fish-bearing designation in determining the regulation of stream management is questioned. The importance of intermittent, ephemeral, and very small first order channels as suppliers of invertebrates and detritus to permanently flowing, receiving streams that support juvenile salmonids warrant their protection during timber harvest. Small gravel bed roads serve many of the same functions as the small intermittent and ephemeral headwater channels. Therefore, many could be managed like small stream channels and eligible for exclusion from road decommissioning actions. Among the invertebrates inhabiting headwater streams, many have specific adaptations to low and seasonal flows. Given these considerations, it is clear that criteria other than the presence or absence of juvenile salmonids need to be considered in managing forested watersheds.
C1 Humboldt State Univ, Inst River Ecosyst, Arcata, CA 95521 USA.
Humboldt State Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Calif Cooperat Fish Res Unit, Arcata, CA 95521 USA.
RP Cummins, KW (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Inst River Ecosyst, Arcata, CA 95521 USA.
EM kwc7002@humboldt.edu
NR 43
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 2
U2 10
PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG
PI BASEL
PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 1015-1621
J9 AQUAT SCI
JI Aquat. Sci.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 67
IS 4
BP 486
EP 491
DI 10.1007/s00027-005-0782-5
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 992ER
UT WOS:000233867700009
ER
PT J
AU Brown, RJ
McIntyre, C
AF Brown, RJ
McIntyre, C
TI New prey species documented for northern pike (Esox lucius): Bald eagle
(Haliaeetus leucocephalus)
SO ARCTIC
LA English
DT Letter
ID INTERIOR ALASKA
C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA.
Natl Pk Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA.
RP Brown, RJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 101 12th Ave,Room 110, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA.
NR 7
TC 2
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 5
PU ARCTIC INST N AMER
PI CALGARY
PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER,
CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA
SN 0004-0843
J9 ARCTIC
JI Arctic
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 58
IS 4
BP 437
EP 437
PG 1
WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography
GA 996QJ
UT WOS:000234189000012
ER
PT J
AU Beaty, DW
Clifford, SM
Borg, LE
Catling, DC
Craddock, RA
Des Marais, DJ
Farmer, JD
Frey, HV
Haberle, RM
McKay, CP
Newsom, HE
Parker, TJ
Segura, T
Tanaka, KL
AF Beaty, DW
Clifford, SM
Borg, LE
Catling, DC
Craddock, RA
Des Marais, DJ
Farmer, JD
Frey, HV
Haberle, RM
McKay, CP
Newsom, HE
Parker, TJ
Segura, T
Tanaka, KL
TI Key science questions from the second conference on early Mars:
Geologic, hydrologic, and climatic evolution and the implications for
life
SO ASTROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Review
DE early Mars; noachian; volatiles; habitability; water; geologic evolution
ID MARTIAN IMPACT CRATERS; CARBON-DIOXIDE CLOUDS; HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION;
EARLY DIFFERENTIATION; TERRESTRIAL PLANETS; METEORITE ALH84001; FLUVIAL
PROCESSES; GREENHOUSE GASES; ANCIENT OCEANS; LATE MAGMATISM
AB In October 2004, more than 130 terrestrial and planetary scientists met in Jackson Hole, WY, to discuss early Mars. The first billion years of martian geologic history is of particular interest because it is a period during which the planet was most active, after which a less dynamic period ensued that extends to the present day. The early activity left a fascinating geological record, which we are only beginning to unravel through direct observation and modeling. In considering this time period, questions outnumber answers, and one of the purposes of the meeting was to gather some of the best experts in the field to consider the current state of knowledge, ascertain which questions remain to be addressed, and identify the most promising approaches to addressing those questions. The purpose of this report is to document that discussion. Throughout the planet's first billion years, planetary-scale processes-including differentiation, hydrodynamic escape, volcanism, large impacts, erosion, and sedimentation-rapidly modified the atmosphere and crust. How did these processes operate, and what were their rates and interdependencies? The early environment was also characterized by both abundant liquid water and plentiful sources of energy, two of the most important conditions considered necessary for the origin of life. Where and when did the most habitable environments occur? Did life actually occupy them, and if so, has life persisted on Mars to the present? Our understanding of early Mars is critical to understanding how the planet we see today came to be.
C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
CALTECH, Mars Program Off, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA.
Northrop Grumman, Redondo Beach, CA USA.
Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
Univ Bristol, Dept Earth Sci, Bristol, Avon, England.
Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA.
Arizona State Univ, Tucson, AZ USA.
Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA.
RP Beaty, DW (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mail Stop 301-345,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM David.Beaty@jpl.nasa.gov
RI Catling, David/D-2082-2009;
OI Catling, David/0000-0001-5646-120X
NR 159
TC 12
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 14
PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC
PI NEW ROCHELLE
PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA
SN 1531-1074
J9 ASTROBIOLOGY
JI Astrobiology
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 5
IS 6
BP 663
EP 689
DI 10.1089/ast.2005.5.663
PG 27
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics;
Geology
GA 998WY
UT WOS:000234351800001
PM 16379524
ER
PT J
AU Rathbun, GB
Rathbun, CD
AF Rathbun, Galen B.
Rathbun, Carolyn D.
TI Noki or dassie-rat (Petromus typicus) feeding ecology and petrophily
SO BELGIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE diet; dassie-rat; feeding; namibia; noki; Petromus; petrophily;
rupicolus
AB The noki or dassie-rat (Petromus typcus) is a rupicolous diurnal herbivore that is endemic to the southwestern and biogeographical zone of Africa. It is the only representative of the hystricognath family petromuridae. During our study of the social structure of nokis, we gathered data on their feeding behaviours during four periods totaling nearly seven months from 2000 through 2003.
Nokis fed on a wide variety of plants with a preference for fresh leaves and stems, fruits, and flowers when available. They also ate a wide variety of city leaves and stems. Relatively few plants and plant parts were avoided. There was no indication that food was cached or stored. There was no evidence that nokis and rock hyraxes (Procavia capensis) competed for food resources, despite often feeding together. We speculate that a previously undescribed and unusual noki behaviour (the "tail-stand") is associated with coprophagy.
In hot and and regions of Australia, some herbivorous mammals feed on the rich flora in rocky areas that is associated with unique water regimes often found in these habitats. A similar relationship may partially explain why nokis are endemic to rocky habitats in the southwestern arid zone of Africa. Other features contributing to the adaptive syndrome include their phylogeny and historical zoogeography, a need for dietary water, a low metabolic rate, a flexible and diverse diet, and all unusual Suite of behaviours associated with digestion. The result is an obligate petrophile.
C1 [Rathbun, Galen B.] Calif Acad Sci San Francisco, Dept Ornithol & Mammal, Cambria, CA 93428 USA.
[Rathbun, Galen B.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Piedras Blancas Field Stn, San Simeon, CA 93452 USA.
RP Rathbun, GB (reprint author), Calif Acad Sci San Francisco, Dept Ornithol & Mammal, POB 202, Cambria, CA 93428 USA.
EM grathbun@calacademy.org
NR 17
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 2
PU SOC ROYALE ZOOLOGIQUE BELGIQUE
PI DIEPENBEEK
PA C/O PROF DR E SCHOCKAERT, DEPT SBG, LIMBURGS UNIV CENTRUM, B-3590
DIEPENBEEK, BELGIUM
SN 0777-6276
J9 BELG J ZOOL
JI Belg. J. Zool.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 135
SU S
BP 69
EP 75
PG 7
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA V54VT
UT WOS:000203706900012
ER
PT J
AU Dorazio, RM
Jelks, HL
Jordan, F
AF Dorazio, RM
Jelks, HL
Jordan, F
TI Improving removal-based estimates of abundance by sampling a population
of spatially distinct subpopulations
SO BIOMETRICS
LA English
DT Article
DE depletion sampling; empirical bayes; okaloosa darter; removal sampling
ID COUNTS
AB A statistical modeling framework is described for estimating the abundances of spatially distinct subpopulations of animals surveyed using removal sampling. To illustrate this framework, hierarchical models are developed using the Poisson and negative-binomial distributions to model variation in abundance among subpopulations and using the beta distribution to model variation in capture probabilities. These models are fitted to the removal counts observed in a survey of a federally endangered fish species. The resulting estimates of abundance have similar or better precision than those computed using the conventional approach of analyzing the removal counts of each subpopulation separately. Extension of the hierarchical models to include spatial covariates of abundance is straightforward and may be used to identify important features of an animal's habitat or to predict the abundance of animals at unsampled locations.
C1 US Geol Survey, FLorida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA.
Loyola Univ, Dept Biol Sci, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA.
RP Dorazio, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, FLorida Integrated Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71 St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA.
EM bdorazio@usgs.gov; howard_jelks@usgs.gov; jordan@loyno.edu
NR 16
TC 36
Z9 36
U1 0
U2 16
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0006-341X
EI 1541-0420
J9 BIOMETRICS
JI Biometrics
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 61
IS 4
BP 1093
EP 1101
DI 10.1111/j.1541-0420.2005.00360.x
PG 9
WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational
Biology; Mathematics
GA 994WP
UT WOS:000234062200027
PM 16401283
ER
PT J
AU Bennett, JP
Wetmore, CM
AF Bennett, JP
Wetmore, CM
TI Lichens of the US national parks
SO BRYOLOGIST
LA English
DT Article
DE databases; lichen distributions; lichen floras; national parks; North
American Lichen Checklist; Physcia aipolia; type localities
ID CONTINENTAL UNITED-STATES; 5TH CHECKLIST; ALLIED FUNGI; CANADA
AB Over 26, 100 records of lichens present in 144 U.S. national park units were assembled from various sources into a database and analyzed. Within these 144 park units 2,435 species and 375 genera are reported, representing 63% and 74% of the North American flora, respectively. The park units are located in 41 states and Washington, D.C. The average number of species in a park is 104, but the median is 60, indicating there are many parks with a small number of species and a few with high numbers. Isle Royale National Park has the most species, 611, and twelve parks have only one species reported. The number of records of lichens present ranged from one for 25 parks, to 1,623 for Isle Royale. Physcia aipolia is the most frequently observed species, being found in 65 parks. One fourth of the park units are classified cultural resource parks, while the remainder are considered natural resource parks. This study was based on 453 sources, including literature citations, park reports and collections in the University of Minnesota Herbarium.
C1 Univ Wisconsin, Nelson Inst Environm Studies, US Geol Survey, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
RP Bennett, JP (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Nelson Inst Environm Studies, US Geol Survey, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM jpbennet@wisc.edu; wetmore@umn.edu
NR 11
TC 4
Z9 5
U1 2
U2 7
PU AMER BRYOLOGICAL LICHENOLOGICAL SOCIETY INC
PI OMAHA
PA C/O DR ROBERT S EGAN, SEC.-TRES., ABLS, UNIV NEBRASKA OMAHA, DEPT
BIOLOGY, OMAHA, NE 68182-0040 USA
SN 0007-2745
J9 BRYOLOGIST
JI Bryologist
PD WIN
PY 2005
VL 108
IS 4
BP 544
EP 553
DI 10.1639/0007-2745(2005)108[0544:LOTUSN]2.0.CO;2
PG 10
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA 007BM
UT WOS:000234942400011
ER
PT J
AU Cao, TQ
Petersen, MD
Frankel, AD
AF Cao, TQ
Petersen, MD
Frankel, AD
TI Model uncertainties of the 2002 update of California seismic hazard maps
SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE; GROUND-MOTION; UNITED-STATES; EARTHQUAKES
AB In this article we present and explore the source and ground-motion model uncertainty and parametric sensitivity for the 2002 update of the California probabilistic seismic hazard maps. Our approach is to implement a Monte Carlo simulation that allows for independent sampling from fault to fault in each simulation. The source-distance dependent characteristics of the uncertainty maps of seismic hazard are explained by the fundamental uncertainty patterns from four basic test cases, in which the uncertainties from one-fault and two-fault systems are studied in detail. The California coefficient of variation (COV, ratio of the standard deviation to the mean) map for peak ground acceleration (10% of exceedance in 50 years) shows lower values (0.1-0.15) along the San Andreas fault system and other class A faults than along class B faults (0.2-0.3). High COV values (0.4-0.6) are found around the Garlock, Anacapa-Dume, and Palos Verdes faults in southern California and around the Maacama fault and Cascadia subduction zone in northern California.
C1 Calif Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA.
US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Cao, TQ (reprint author), Calif Geol Survey, 801 K St,MS 12-32, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA.
NR 32
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 1
PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI EL CERRITO
PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA
SN 0037-1106
J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM
JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 95
IS 6
BP 2040
EP 2057
DI 10.1785/0120050017
PG 18
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 999SZ
UT WOS:000234412100002
ER
PT J
AU Brocher, TA
AF Brocher, TA
TI Empirical relations between elastic wavespeeds and density in the
earth's crust
SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID SANTA-CLARA VALLEY; WAVE VELOCITIES; POISSONS RATIO; STRONG-MOTION;
P-WAVE; CALIFORNIA; ROCKS; ARC; EARTHQUAKE; MANTLE
AB A compilation of compressional-wave (V-p) and shear-wave (V-s) velocities and densities for a wide variety of common lithologies is used to define new nonlinear, multivalued, and quantitative relations between these properties for the Earth's crust. Wireline borehole logs, vertical seismic profiles, laboratory measurements, and seismic tomography models provide a diverse dataset for deriving empirical relations between crustal V-p and V-s. The proposed V-s as a function of V-p relations fit Vs and Vp borehole logs in Quaternary alluvium and Salinian Granites as well as laboratory measurements over a 7-km/sec-wide range in V-p. The relations derived here are very close to those used to develop a regional 3D velocity model for southern California, based on pre-1970 data, and thus provide support for that model. These data, and these relations, show a rapid increase in V-s as V-p increases to 3.5 km/sec leading to higher shear-wave velocities in young sedimentary deposits than commonly assumed. These relations, appropriate for active continental margins where earthquakes are prone to occur, suggests that amplification of strong ground motions by shallow geologic deposits may not be as large as predicted by some earlier models.
C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Brocher, TA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
OI Brocher, Thomas/0000-0002-9740-839X
NR 40
TC 352
Z9 367
U1 10
U2 41
PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI EL CERRITO
PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA
SN 0037-1106
J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM
JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 95
IS 6
BP 2081
EP 2092
DI 10.1785/0120050077
PG 12
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 999SZ
UT WOS:000234412100005
ER
PT J
AU Brocher, TM
AF Brocher, TM
TI A regional view of urban sedimentary basins in Northern California based
on oil industry compressional-wave velocity and density logs
SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID LOS-ANGELES BASIN; GROUND-MOTION; SEISMIC-WAVES; EARTHQUAKE; VALLEY;
AMPLIFICATION; WASHINGTON; SEATTLE
AB Compressional-wave (sonic) and density logs from 119 oil test wells provide knowledge of the physical properties and impedance contrasts within urban sedimentary basins in northern California, which is needed to better understand basin amplification. These wire-line logs provide estimates of sonic velocities and densities for primarily Upper Cretaceous to Pliocene elastic rocks between 0.1- and 5.6-km depth to an average depth of 1.8 km. Regional differences in the sonic velocities and densities in these basins largely 1reflect variations in the lithology, depth of burial, porosity, and grain size of the strata, but not necessarily formation age. For example, Miocene basin filling strata west of the Calaveras Fault exhibit higher sonic velocities and densities than older but finer-grained and/or higher-porosity rocks of the Upper Cretaceous Great Valley Sequence. As another example, hard Eocene sandstones west of the San Andreas Fault have much higher impedances than Eocene strata, mainly higher-porosity sandstones and shales, located to the east of this fault, and approach those expected for Franciscan Complex basement rocks. Basement penetrations define large impedence contrasts at the sediment/basement contact along the margins of several basins, where Quaternary, Pliocene, and even Miocene deposits directly overlie Franciscan or Salinian basement rocks at depths as much as 1.7 km. In contrast, in the deepest, geographic centers of the basins, such logs exhibit only a modest impedance contrast at the sediment/basement contact at depths exceeding 2 km. Prominent (up to 1 km/sec) and thick (up to several hundred meters) velocity and density reversals in the logs refute the common assumption that velocities and densities increase monotonically with depth.
C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Brocher, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM brocher@usgs.gov
OI Brocher, Thomas/0000-0002-9740-839X
NR 69
TC 20
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 1
PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI EL CERRITO
PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA
SN 0037-1106
J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM
JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 95
IS 6
BP 2093
EP 2114
DI 10.1785/0120050025
PG 22
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 999SZ
UT WOS:000234412100006
ER
PT J
AU Langston, CA
Bodin, P
Powell, C
Withers, M
Horton, S
Mooney, W
AF Langston, CA
Bodin, P
Powell, C
Withers, M
Horton, S
Mooney, W
TI Bulk sediment Q(p) and Q(s), in the Mississippi embayment, central
United States
SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID EARTHQUAKE WAVE-PROPAGATION; MADRID SEISMIC ZONE; CONVERTED PHASES;
GROUND MOTION; BODY WAVES; SCATTERING; ATTENUATION; SEPARATION;
RESONANCE; VELOCITY
AB We have estimated P-wave and S-wave anelastic attenuation coefficients for the thick, unconsolidated sediments of the Mississippi embayment, central United States, using the spectral distance decay of explosion P and Rayleigh waves. The sediment-trapped P wave, P-sed, is observed to ranges of 80 km at 10 Hz, and 1-Hz Rayleigh waves are observed out to 130 km from a 5000-lb borehole explosion in the northern part of the embayment. Rayleigh waves of 4 Hz are seen to distances of 3 km from a smaller 50-lb explosion. Analysis of the group velocity and amplitude-distance decay of both waves yields an average Q(s) of 100 and Q(p) of 200 for embayment sediments that are independent of frequency. Scatter in the Q estimates comes from interference of multiple P-wave reverberations and Rayleigh-wave modes. The attenuation model is self-consistent in that it is the same as obtained by the analysis of synthetic seismograms using the inferred Q-values. Inferred Q(p) and Q(s) values are more than three times higher than previous estimates and imply that unconsolidated sediments of the embayment do not significantly attenuate small-strain earthquake ground motions. These estimates represent a lower bound to Q of the sediments since significant scattering is observed in the waveform data that contributes to the distance decay of wave amplitude. Higher Q values also imply that the unconsolidated sediments of the embayment will form an efficient wave guide for surface waves radiated from shallow earthquakes or large earthquakes that rupture into the sediments, producing high-amplitude, long-duration wave trains that should be considered in earthquake hazard assessments.
C1 Univ Memphis, Ctr Earthquake Res & Informat, Memphis, TN 38152 USA.
US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Langston, CA (reprint author), Univ Memphis, Ctr Earthquake Res & Informat, Memphis, TN 38152 USA.
NR 41
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 2
PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI EL CERRITO
PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA
SN 0037-1106
J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM
JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 95
IS 6
BP 2162
EP 2179
DI 10.1785/0120050047
PG 18
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 999SZ
UT WOS:000234412100011
ER
PT J
AU Holzer, TL
Noce, TE
Bennett, MJ
Tinsley, JC
Rosenberg, LI
AF Holzer, TL
Noce, TE
Bennett, MJ
Tinsley, JC
Rosenberg, LI
TI Liquefaction at Oceano, California, during the 2003 San Simeon
earthquake
SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID RESISTANCE
AB The 2003 M 6.5 San Simeon, California, earthquake caused liquefaction-induced lateral spreading at Oceano at an unexpectedly large distance from the seismogenic rupture. We conclude that the liquefaction was caused by ground motion that was enhanced by both rupture directivity in the mainshock and local site amplification by unconsolidated fine-grained deposits. Liquefaction occurred in sandy artificial fill and undisturbed eolian sand and fluvial deposits. The largest and most damaging lateral spread was caused by liquefaction of artificial fill; the head of this lateral spread coincided with the boundary between the artificial fill and undisturbed eolian sand deposits. Values of the liquefaction potential index, in general, were greater than 5 at liquefaction sites, the threshold value that has been proposed for liquefaction hazard mapping. Although the mainshock ground motion at Oceano was not recorded, peak ground acceleration was estimated to range from 0.25 and 0.28g on the basis of the liquefaction potential index and aftershock recordings. The estimates fall within the range of peak ground acceleration values associated with the modified Mercalli intensity = VII reported at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) "Did You Feel It?" web site.
C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
Cty Govt Ctr, San Luis Obispo Cty Planning & Bldg Dept, San Luis Obispo, CA 93408 USA.
RP Holzer, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
NR 24
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 3
PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI EL CERRITO
PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA
SN 0037-1106
J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM
JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 95
IS 6
BP 2396
EP 2411
DI 10.1785/0120050078
PG 16
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 999SZ
UT WOS:000234412100025
ER
PT J
AU Bacon, SN
Jayko, AS
McGeehin, JP
AF Bacon, SN
Jayko, AS
McGeehin, JP
TI Holocene and latest pleistocene oblique dextral faulting on the southern
Inyo Mountains fault, Owens Lake Basin, California
SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID RADIOCARBON AGE CALIBRATION; EASTERN CALIFORNIA; SHEAR ZONE; STRAIN
ACCUMULATION; RANGE PROVINCE; THRUST FAULT; VALLEY; KINEMATICS;
MAGNITUDE; SEDIMENT
AB The Inyo Mountains fault (IMF) is a more or less continuous range-front fault system, with discontinuous late Quaternary activity, at the western base of the Inyo Mountains in Owens Valley, California. The southern section of the IMF trends similar to N20 degrees-40 degrees W for at least 12 km at the base of and within the range front near Keeler in Owens Lake basin. The southern IMF cuts across a relict early Pliocene alluvial fan complex, which has formed shutter ridges and northeast-facing scarps, and which has dextrally offset, well-developed drainages indicating long-term activity. Numerous fault scarps along the mapped trace are northeast-facing, mountain-side down, and developed in both bedrock and younger alluvium, indicating latest Quaternary activity. Latest Quaternary multiple- and single-event scarps that cut alluvium range in height from 0.5 to 3.0 m. The penultimate event on the southern IMF is bracketed between 13,310 and 10,590 cal years B.P., based on radiocarbon dates from faulted alluvium and fissure-fill stratigraphy exposed in a natural wash cut. Evidence of the most recent event is found at many sites along the mapped fault, and, in particular, is seen in an similar to 0.5-m northeast-facing scarp and several right-stepping en echelon similar to 0.5-m-deep depressions that pond fine sediment on a younger than 13,3 10 cal years B.P. alluvial fan. A channel that crosses transverse to this scarp is dextrally offset 2.3 +/- 0.8 m, providing a poorly constrained oblique slip rate of 0.1-0.3 m/k.y. The identified tectonic geomorphology and sense of displacement demonstrate that the southern IMF accommodates predominately dextral slip and should be integrated into kinematic fault models of strain distribution in Owens Valley.
C1 Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA.
US Geol Survey, Bishop, CA 93514 USA.
US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Bacon, SN (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA.
EM sbacon@dri.edu; ajayko@usgs.gov; mcgeehin@usgs.gov
NR 47
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 5
PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI EL CERRITO
PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA
SN 0037-1106
J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM
JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 95
IS 6
BP 2472
EP 2485
DI 10.1785/0120040228
PG 14
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 999SZ
UT WOS:000234412100030
ER
PT J
AU Fisher, MA
Langenheim, VE
Sorlien, CC
Dartnell, P
Sliter, RW
Cochrane, GR
Wong, FL
AF Fisher, MA
Langenheim, VE
Sorlien, CC
Dartnell, P
Sliter, RW
Cochrane, GR
Wong, FL
TI Recent deformation along the offshore Malibu Coast, Dume, and related
faults west of Point Dume, southern California
SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID OAK-RIDGE FAULT; ANGELES METROPOLITAN REGION; 1994 NORTHRIDGE
EARTHQUAKE; APPALACHIAN THRUST BELT; VENTURA BASIN; LOS-ANGELES;
TRANSVERSE-RANGES; CROSS-SECTION; SEISMIC RISK; ACTIVE FOLD
AB Offshore faults west of Point Dume, southern California, are part of an important regional fault system that extends for about 206 km, from near the city of Los Angeles westward along the south flank of the Santa Monica Mountains and through the northern Channel Islands. This boundary fault system separates the western Transverse Ranges, on the north, from the California Continental Borderland, on the south. Previous research showed that the fault system includes many active fault strands; consequently, the entire system is considered a serious potential earthquake hazard to nearby Los Angeles. We present an integrated analysis of multichannel seismic- and high-resolution seismic-reflection data and multibeam-bathymetric information to focus on the central part of the fault system that lies west of Point Dume. We show that some of the main offshore faults have cumulative displacements of 3-5 km, and many faults are currently active because they deform the seafloor or very shallow sediment layers. The main offshore fault is the Dume fault, a large north-dipping reverse fault. In the eastern part of the study area, this fault offsets the seafloor, showing Holocene displacement. Onshore, the Malibu Coast fault dips steeply north, is active, and shows left-oblique slip. The probable offshore extension of this fault is a large fault that dips steeply in its upper part but flattens at depth. High-resolution seismic data show that this fault deforms shallow sediment making up the Hueneme fan complex, indicating Holocene activity. A structure near Sycamore knoll strikes transversely to the main faults and could be important to the analysis of the regional earthquake hazard because the structure might form a boundary between earthquake-rupture segments.
C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Crustal Studies, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
RP Fisher, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middle Field Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
NR 38
TC 9
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 1
PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI EL CERRITO
PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA
SN 0037-1106
J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM
JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 95
IS 6
BP 2486
EP 2500
DI 10.1785/0120050042
PG 15
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 999SZ
UT WOS:000234412100031
ER
PT J
AU Stephenson, WJ
Louie, JN
Pullammanappallil, S
Williams, RA
Odum, JK
AF Stephenson, WJ
Louie, JN
Pullammanappallil, S
Williams, RA
Odum, JK
TI Blind shear-wave velocity comparison of ReMi and MASW results with
boreholes to 200m in Santa Clara Valley: Implications for earthquake
ground-motion assessment
SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID RAYLEIGH-WAVES; QUATERNARY ALLUVIUM; PROFILES; MICROTREMOR; ANISOTROPY
AB Multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) and refraction micro-tremor (ReMi) are two of the most recently developed surface acquisition techniques for determining shallow shear-wave velocity. We conducted a blind comparison of MASW and ReMi results with four boreholes logged to at least 260 m for shear velocity in Santa Clara Valley, California, to determine how closely these surface methods match the downhole measurements. Average shear-wave velocity estimates to depths of 30, 50, and 100 in demonstrate that the surface methods as implemented in this study can generally match borehole results to within 15% to these depths. At two of the boreholes, the average to 100 in depth was within 3%. Spectral amplifications predicted from the respective borehole velocity profiles similarly compare to within 15% or better from 1 to 10 Hz with both the MASW and ReMi surface-method velocity profiles. Overall, neither surface method was consistently better at matching the borehole velocity profiles or amplifications. Our results suggest MASW and ReMi surface acquisition methods can both be appropriate choices for estimating shear-wave velocity and can be complementary to each other in urban settings for hazards assessment.
C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
Univ Nevada, Mackay Sch Earth Sci & Engn, Nevada Seismol Lab, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
Optim LLC, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
RP Stephenson, WJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS 966, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
EM wstephens@usgs.gov; louie@seismo.unr.edu; satish@optimsoftware.com
NR 26
TC 52
Z9 52
U1 0
U2 3
PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI EL CERRITO
PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA
SN 0037-1106
J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM
JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 95
IS 6
BP 2506
EP 2516
DI 10.1785/0120040240
PG 11
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 999SZ
UT WOS:000234412100033
ER
PT J
AU Harris, A
Dehn, J
Patrick, M
Calvari, S
Ripepe, M
Lodato, L
AF Harris, A
Dehn, J
Patrick, M
Calvari, S
Ripepe, M
Lodato, L
TI Lava effusion rates from hand-held thermal infrared imagery: an example
from the June 2003 effusive activity at Stromboli
SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Forward Looking InfraRed (FLIR); effusion rate; Stromboli
ID MOUNT-ETNA; FLOW; MECHANISMS; VOLCANO; KRAFLA; BUDGET; SPACE
AB A safe, easy and rapid method to calculate lava effusion rates using hand-held thermal image data was developed during June 2003 at Stromboli Volcano ( Italy). We used a Forward Looking Infrared Radiometer (FLIR) to obtain images of the active lava flow field on a daily basis between May 31 and June 16, 2003. During this time the flow field geometry and size ( where flows typically a few hundred meters long were emplaced on a steep slope) meant that near-vertical images of the whole flow field could be captured in a single image obtained from a helicopter hovering, at an altitude of 750 m and similar to 1 km off shore. We used these images to adapt a thermally based effusion rate method, previously applied to low and high spatial resolution satellite data, to allow automated extraction of effusion rates from the hand-held thermal infrared imagery. A comparison between a thermally-derived (0.23 - 0.87 m(3) s(-1)) and dimensionally-derived effusion rate (0.56 m(3) s(-1)) showed that the thermally-derived range was centered on the expected value. Over the measurement period, the mean effusion rate was 0.38 +/- 0.25 m(3) s(-1), which is similar to that obtained during the 1985 - 86 effusive eruption and the time-averaged supply rate calculated for normal (non-effusive) Strombolian activity. A short effusive pulse, reaching a peak of similar to 1.2 m(3) s(-1), was recorded on June 3, 2003. One explanation of such a peak would be an increase in driving pressure due to an increase in the height of the magma contained in the central column. We estimate that this pulse would require the magma column to attain a height of similar to 190 m above the effusive vent, which is approximately the elevation difference between the vent and the floor of the NE crater. Our approach gives an easy-to-apply method that has the potential to provide effusion rate time series with a high temporal resolution.
C1 Univ Hawaii, HIGP SOEST, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, I-95123 Catania, Italy.
Univ Florence, Dipartimento Sci Terra, I-50121 Florence, Italy.
RP Harris, A (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, HIGP SOEST, 2525 Correa Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
EM harris@higp.hawaii.edu
RI Calvari, Sonia/A-3465-2013;
OI Calvari, Sonia/0000-0001-8189-5499; Ripepe,
Maurizio/0000-0002-1787-5618; Patrick, Matthew/0000-0002-8042-6639
NR 25
TC 46
Z9 46
U1 0
U2 6
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0258-8900
J9 B VOLCANOL
JI Bull. Volcanol.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 68
IS 2
BP 107
EP 117
DI 10.1007/s00445-005-0425-7
PG 11
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 994GL
UT WOS:000234019100002
ER
PT J
AU McHugh, P
Budy, P
AF McHugh, P
Budy, P
TI An experimental evaluation of competitive and thermal effects on brown
trout (Salmo trutta) and Bonneville cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus
clarkii utah) performance along an altitudinal gradient
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID INTRODUCED RAINBOW-TROUT; BROOK TROUT; TEMPERATURE TOLERANCE; ABIOTIC
FACTORS; NORTH-AMERICA; STREAM; GROWTH; RIVER; PATTERNS; COLORADO
AB Temperature-mediated competition (i.e., dominance shifts between species depending on temperature) may explain the segregation of salmonid species along altitudinal stream gradients. We evaluated this hypothesis for exotic brown trout (Salmo trutta) and native Bonneville cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii utah) by rearing them in experimental sympatry and allopatry using enclosures constructed at six sites spaced along a 45-km segment of a mountain stream. For both species, we compared condition and growth between allopatric and sympatric treatment groups. We found that brown trout negatively affected cutthroat trout performance, whereas cutthroat trout failed to impart an effect in the reverse direction, regardless of temperature. Thus, we documented asymmetric competition between these species but found little evidence indicating that its outcome was influenced by temperature. Brown trout - cutthroat trout segregation is therefore unlikely to be due to temperature-mediated competition. Instead, brown trout may have displaced cutthroat trout from downstream areas through competition or other mechanisms, while abiotic factors preclude their (brown trout) invasion of upper elevations. Given the magnitude of effect observed in our study, we recommend that brown trout receive greater consideration in cutthroat trout conservation.
C1 Utah State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Dept Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources, US Geol Survey,Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
RP McHugh, P (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Dept Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources, US Geol Survey,Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
EM pam@cc.usu.edu
RI Budy, Phaedra/B-2415-2012
NR 49
TC 38
Z9 38
U1 2
U2 19
PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA
PI OTTAWA
PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 62
IS 12
BP 2784
EP 2795
DI 10.1139/F05-184
PG 12
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 991FZ
UT WOS:000233799100011
ER
PT J
AU Andersen, DC
AF Andersen, DC
TI Characterizing flow regimes for floodplain forest conservation: an
assessment of factors affecting sapling growth and survivorship on three
cold desert rivers
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE
FORESTIERE
LA English
DT Article
ID EASTERN SIERRA-NEVADA; SAN-PEDRO RIVER; RIPARIAN VEGETATION;
POPULUS-DELTOIDES; INSTREAM FLOW; GREEN RIVER; TREE GROWTH; NORTHWEST
COLORADO; WATER; RESPONSES
AB I analyzed annual height growth and survivorship of Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii S. Watson) saplings on three floodplains in Colorado and Utah to assess responses to interannual variation in flow regime and summer precipitation. Mammal exclosures, supplemented with an insecticide treatment at one site, were used to assess flow regime - herbivore interactions. Multiple regression analyses on data collected over 7-11 years indicated that growth of continuously injury-free saplings was positively related to either peak discharge or the maximum 30-day discharge but was not related to interannual decline in the late-summer river stage (Delta W-MIN) or precipitation. Growth was fastest where Delta W-MIN was smallest and depth to the late-summer water table moderate (<= 1.5 m). Survivorship increased with Delta W-MIN where the water table was at shallow depths. Herbivory reduced long-term height growth and survivorship by up to 60% and 50%, respectively. The results support the concept that flow history and environmental context determine whether a particular flow will have a net positive or negative influence on growth and survivorship and suggest that the flow regime that best promotes sapling growth and survival along managed rivers features a short spring flood pulse and constant base flow, with no interannual variation in the hydrograph. Because environmental contexts vary, interannual variation may be necessary for best overall stand performance.
C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, US Bur Reclamat, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
RP Andersen, DC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, US Bur Reclamat, D-8220,POB 25007, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
EM doug_andersen@usgs.gov
RI Andersen, Douglas/A-4563-2013
NR 63
TC 11
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 5
PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA
PI OTTAWA
PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0045-5067
J9 CAN J FOREST RES
JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 35
IS 12
BP 2886
EP 2899
DI 10.1139/X05-203
PG 14
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA 010XK
UT WOS:000235231000013
ER
PT J
AU Whitman, RL
Byers, SE
Shively, DA
Ferguson, DM
Byappanahalli, M
AF Whitman, RL
Byers, SE
Shively, DA
Ferguson, DM
Byappanahalli, M
TI Occurrence and growth characteristics of Escherichia coli and
enterococci within the accumulated fluid of the northern pitcher plant
(Sarracenia purpurea L.)
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE indicator bacteria; environmental occurrence; microcosm; pitcher plant
fluid; temperate bog
ID INDICATOR BACTERIA; CLADOPHORA CHLOROPHYTA; NEARSHORE WATER;
LAKE-MICHIGAN; SAND; SURVIVAL; SEAWATER; SOIL; COMMUNITIES; ENVIRONMENT
AB Sarracenia purpurea L., a carnivorous boa plant (also known as the pitcher plant), represents an excellent model of a well-defined, self-contained ecosystem: the individual pitchers of the plant serve as a microhabitat for a variety of micro- and macro-organisms. Previously, fecal indicator bacteria (Escherichia coli and enterococci) were shown as incidental contaminants in pitcher fluid: however, whether their occurrence in pitcher fluid is incidental or common has not been established. The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence, distribution, and growth potential of E. coli and enterococci in pitcher plant fluid from a protected bog in northwest Indiana. Escherichia coli and enterococci were recovered in pitcher fluids (n = 43 plants), with mean densities (log CFU mL(-1)) of 1.28 +/- 0.23 and 1.97 +/- 0.27, respectively. In vitro experiments showed that E. coli growth in fluid not containing insects or indigenous organisms was directly proportional to the fluid concentration (growth was 10-fold in 24 h in 100% fluid); however, in the presence of other indigenous organisms. E. coli and enterococci were only Sustained for 5 days at 26 degrees C. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis showed that the plant Enterococcus faecalis isolates were genetically distinct from the human isolates; identical PFGE patterns were observed among plant isolates that fell into one of six clonal groups. These findings suggest that (i) E. coli and enterococci Occurrence in pitcher plants is rather common in the bog studied, although their originating source is unclear, and (ii) the pitcher fluid contains adequate nutrients, especially carbon and energy sources, to promote the growth of indicator bacteria; however, under natural conditions, the biotic factors (e.g., competition for nutrients) may restrict their growth.
C1 US Geol Survey, Porter, IN 46304 USA.
Orangen Cty Publ Hlth Lab, Water Qual Dept, Newport Beach, CA 92660 USA.
RP Byappanahalli, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn,1100 N Mineral Springs, Porter, IN 46304 USA.
EM byappan@usgs.gov
OI Shively, Dawn/0000-0002-6119-924X
NR 41
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 2
U2 7
PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA
PI OTTAWA
PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0008-4166
J9 CAN J MICROBIOL
JI Can. J. Microbiol.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 51
IS 12
BP 1027
EP 1037
DI 10.1139/W05-091
PG 11
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;
Immunology; Microbiology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;
Immunology; Microbiology
GA 014LY
UT WOS:000235482900004
PM 16462861
ER
PT J
AU Liu, JX
Shao, GF
Zhu, HZ
Liu, SG
AF Liu, Jinxun
Shao, Guofan
Zhu, Huazhong
Liu, Shuguang
TI A neural network approach for enhancing information extraction from
multispectral image data
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
ID CLASSIFICATION
AB A back-propagation artificial neural network ( ANN) was applied to classify multispectral remote sensing imagery data. The classification procedure included four steps: (i) noisy training that adds minor random variations to the sampling data to make the data more representative and to reduce the training sample size; (ii) iterative or multi-tier classification that reclassifies the unclassified pixels by making a subset of training samples from the original training set, which means the neural model can focus on fewer classes; (iii) spectral channel selection based on neural network weights that can distinguish the relative importance of each channel in the classification process to simplify the ANN model; and (iv) voting rules that adjust the accuracy of classification and produce outputs of different confidence levels. The Purdue Forest, located west of Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, was chosen as the test site. The 1992 Landsat thematic mapper imagery was used as the input data. High-quality airborne photographs of the same time period were used for the ground truth. A total of 11 land use and land cover classes were defined, including water, broadleaved forest, coniferous forest, young forest, urban and road, and six types of cropland-grassland. The experiment indicated that the back-propagation neural network application was satisfactory in distinguishing different land cover types at US Geological Survey levels II-III. The single-tier classification reached an overall accuracy of 85%, and the multi-tier classification an overall accuracy of 95%. For the whole test region, the final output of this study reached an overall accuracy of 87%.
C1 USGS, Natl Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada.
Univ Toronto, Program Planning, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada.
Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA.
Chinese Ecosyst Res Network, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
RP Liu, JX (reprint author), USGS, Natl Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
EM jxliu@usgs.gov
NR 13
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 3
U2 7
PU CANADIAN AERONAUTICS SPACE INST
PI KANATA
PA 350 TERRY FOX DR, STE 104, KANATA, ON K2K 2W5, CANADA
SN 1712-7971
J9 CAN J REMOTE SENS
JI Can. J. Remote Sens.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 31
IS 6
BP 432
EP 438
PG 7
WC Remote Sensing
SC Remote Sensing
GA 107ZY
UT WOS:000242210700002
ER
PT J
AU Seidelmann, PK
Archinal, BA
A'Hearn, MF
Cruikshank, DP
Hilton, JL
Keller, HU
Oberst, J
Simon, JL
Stooke, P
Tholen, DJ
Thomas, PC
AF Seidelmann, PK
Archinal, BA
A'Hearn, MF
Cruikshank, DP
Hilton, JL
Keller, HU
Oberst, J
Simon, JL
Stooke, P
Tholen, DJ
Thomas, PC
TI Report of the IAU/IAG Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and
Rotational Elements: 2003
SO CELESTIAL MECHANICS & DYNAMICAL ASTRONOMY
LA English
DT Article
DE asteroids; cartographic coordinates; comets; planets; rotation axes;
rotation periods; satellites; shapes; sizes
ID RADAR OBSERVATIONS
AB Every three years the IAU/IAG Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements revises tables giving the directions of the north poles of rotation and the prime meridians of the planets, satellites, and asteroids. This report introduces a system of cartographic coordinates for asteroids and comets. A topographic reference surface for Mars is recommended. Tables for the rotational elements of the planets and satellites and size and shape of the planets and satellites are not included, since there were no changes to the values. They are available in the previous report (Celest. Mech. Dyn. Astron., 82, 83-110, 2002), a version of which is also available on a web site.
C1 Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA.
US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA.
MPI Aeron, Katlenburg Lindau, Germany.
DLR Berlin Adlershof, Berlin, Germany.
Inst Mecan Celeste, Paris, France.
Univ Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA.
RP Seidelmann, PK (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA.
NR 12
TC 16
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 3
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0923-2958
J9 CELEST MECH DYN ASTR
JI Celest. Mech. Dyn. Astron.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 91
IS 3-4
BP 203
EP 215
DI 10.1007/s10569-004-3115-4
PG 13
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics
GA 954OE
UT WOS:000231163600001
ER
PT J
AU Lee, L
Helsel, D
AF Lee, L
Helsel, D
TI Statistical analysis of water-quality data containing multiple detection
limits: S-language software for regression on order statistics
SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE geochemistry; S; censored data
AB Trace contaminants in water, including metals and organics, often are measured at sufficiently low concentrations to be reported only as values below the instrument detection limit. Interpretation of these "less thans" is complicated when multiple detection limits occur. Statistical methods for multiply censored, or multiple-detection limit, datasets have been developed for medical and industrial statistics, and can be employed to estimate summary statistics or model the distributions of trace-level environmental data.
We describe S-language-based software tools that perform robust linear regression on order statistics (ROS). The ROS method has been evaluated as one of the most reliable procedures for developing summary statistics of multiply censored data. It is applicable to any dataset that has 0 to 80% of its values censored. These tools are a part of a software library, or add-on package, for the R environment for statistical computing. This library can be used to generate ROS models and associated summary statistics, plot modeled distributions, and predict exceedance probabilities of water-quality standards. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Lee, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM rclee@usgs.gov
NR 12
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 3
U2 18
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0098-3004
J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK
JI Comput. Geosci.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 31
IS 10
BP 1241
EP 1248
DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2005.03.012
PG 8
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences,
Multidisciplinary
SC Computer Science; Geology
GA 983LJ
UT WOS:000233232800005
ER
PT J
AU Riley, SPD
Busteed, GT
Kats, LB
Vandergon, TL
Lee, LFS
Dagit, RG
Kerby, JL
Fisher, RN
Sauvajot, RM
AF Riley, SPD
Busteed, GT
Kats, LB
Vandergon, TL
Lee, LFS
Dagit, RG
Kerby, JL
Fisher, RN
Sauvajot, RM
TI Effects of urbanization on the distribution and abundance of amphibians
and invasive species in southern California streams
SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE amphibian declines; California newts; California treefrogs; crayfish;
exotic species; Pacific treefrogs; urban streams
ID WILDFIRE-INDUCED SEDIMENTATION; LANDSCAPE COMPOSITION; PACIFIC
TREEFROGS; LEGGED FROG; FRESH-WATER; FLOW REGIME; UV-B; HABITAT;
DECLINES; CLIMATE
AB Urbanization negatively affects natural ecosystems in many ways, and aquatic systems in particular Urbanization is also cited as one of the potential contributors to recent dramatic declines in amphibian populations. 1,From 2000 to 2002 we determined the distribution and abundance of native amphibians and exotic predators and characterized stream habitat and invertebrate communities in 35 streams in an urbanized landscape north of Los Angeles (U.S.A.). We measured watershed development as the percentage of area within each watershed occupied by urban land uses. Streams in more developed watersheds often bad exotic crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) and fish, and had fewer native species such as California newts (Taricha torosa) and California treefrogs (Hyla cadaverina). These effects seemed particularly evident above 8% development a result coincident with other urban stream studies that show negative impacts beginning at 10-15% urbanization. For Pacific treefrogs (H. regilla), the most widespread native amphibian, abundance was lower in the presence of exotic crayfish, although direct urbanization effects were not found. Benthic macroinvertebrate communities were also less diverse in. urban streams, especially for sensitive species. Faunal community changes in urban streams may be related to changes in physical stream habitat, such as fewer pool and more run habitats and increased water depth and flow, leading to more permanent streams. Variation in stream permanence was particularly evident in 2002 a dry year when many natural streams were dry but urban streams were relatively unchanged. Urbanization has significantly altered stream habitat in this region and may. enhance invasion by axotic species and negatively affect diversity and abundance of native amphibians.
C1 Natl Pk Serv, Santa Monica Mt Natl Recreat Area, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA.
Pepperdine Univ, Dept Biol, Malibu, CA 90263 USA.
Resource Conservat Dist Santa Monica Mt, Topanga, CA 90290 USA.
US Geol Survey, San Diego Field Stn, San Diego, CA 92123 USA.
RP Riley, SPD (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Santa Monica Mt Natl Recreat Area, 401 W Hillcrest Dr, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA.
EM seth_riley@nps.gov
NR 45
TC 81
Z9 91
U1 7
U2 93
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0888-8892
J9 CONSERV BIOL
JI Conserv. Biol.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 19
IS 6
BP 1894
EP 1907
DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005-00295.x
PG 14
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 993ET
UT WOS:000233938100030
ER
PT J
AU Christiansen, LB
Hurwitz, S
Saar, MO
Ingebritsen, SE
Hsieh, PA
AF Christiansen, LB
Hurwitz, S
Saar, MO
Ingebritsen, SE
Hsieh, PA
TI Seasonal seismicity at western United States volcanic centers
SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE seasonality; earthquake triggering; pore-fluid pressure; seismic
activity; volcano
ID LONG-VALLEY CALDERA; REMOTELY TRIGGERED SEISMICITY; DENALI FAULT
EARTHQUAKE; LANDERS EARTHQUAKE; CRACK GROWTH; CALIFORNIA; DEFORMATION;
TRANSIENT; SYSTEM; ALASKA
AB We examine 20-yr data sets of seismic activity from 10 volcanic areas in the western United States for annual periodic signals (seasonality), focusing on large calderas (Long Valley caldera and Yellowstone) and stratovolcanoes (Cascade Range). We apply several statistical methods to test for seasonality in the seismic catalogs. In 4 of the 10 regions, statistically significant seasonal modulation of seismicity (>90% probability) occurs, such that there is an increase in the monthly seismicity during a given portion of the year. In five regions, seasonal seismicity is significant in the upper 3 km of the crust. Peak seismicity occurs in the summer and autumn in Mt. St. Helens, Hebgen Lake/Madison Valley, Yellowstone Lake, and Mammoth Mountain. In the eastern south moat of Long Valley caldera (LVC) peak seismicity occurs in the winter and spring. We quantify the possible external forcing mechanisms that could modulate seasonal seismicity. Both snow unloading and groundwater recharge can generate large stress changes of >5 kPa at seismogenic depths and may thus contribute to seasonality. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol & Geophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
RP Christiansen, LB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM lchristi@usgs.gov
RI Saar, Martin/F-3542-2014
OI Saar, Martin/0000-0002-4869-6452
NR 52
TC 39
Z9 39
U1 1
U2 10
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0012-821X
J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT
JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.
PD DEC 1
PY 2005
VL 240
IS 2
BP 307
EP 321
DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2005.09.012
PG 15
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 000NX
UT WOS:000234470100010
ER
PT J
AU Stewart, JH
AF Stewart, JH
TI Eolian deposits in the Neoproterozoic Big Bear Group, San Bernardino
Mountains, California, USA
SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS
LA English
DT Article
DE eolian deposits; Neoproterozoic; San Bernardino, Mountains, California,
USA
ID UNITED-STATES; GRAND-CANYON; AUSTRALIA; LAURENTIA; ORIGIN; DUNES;
STRATIFICATION; GEOCHRONOLOGY; SUPERGROUP; PROVENANCE
AB Strata interpreted to be eolian are recognized in the Neoproterozoic Big Bear Group in the San Bernardino Mountains of southern California, USA. The strata consist of medium- to large-scale (30 cm to > 6 m) cross-stratified quartzite considered to be eolian dune deposits and interstratified thinly laminated quartzite that are problematically interpreted as either eolian translatent climbing ripple laminae, or as tidal-flat deposits. High index ripples and adhesion structures considered to be eolian are associated with the thinly laminated and cross-stratified strata. The eolian strata are in a succession that is characterized by flaser bedding, aqueous ripple marks, mudcracks, and interstratified small-scale cross-strata that are suggestive of a tidal environment containing local fluvial deposits. The eolian strata may have formed in a near-shore environment inland of a tidal flat.
The Neoproterozoic Big Bear Group is unusual in the western United States and may represent a remnant of strata that were originally more widespread and part of the hypothetical Neoproterozoic supercontinent of Rodinia. The Big Bear Group perhaps is preserved only in blocks that were downdropped along Neoproterozoic extensional faults. The eolian deposits of the Big Bear Group may have been deposited during and conditions that preceded worldwide glacial events in the late Neoproterozoic. Possibly similar pre-glacial and events are recognized in northern Mexico, northeast Washington, Australia, and northwest Canada. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Stewart, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM stewart@usgs.gov
NR 61
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0012-8252
J9 EARTH-SCI REV
JI Earth-Sci. Rev.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 73
IS 1-4
BP 47
EP 62
DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2005.07.012
PG 16
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 000PD
UT WOS:000234473400006
ER
PT J
AU Stevens, CH
Stone, P
AF Stevens, CH
Stone, P
TI Interpretation of the Last Chance thrust, Death Valley region,
California, as an Early Permian decollement in a previously undeformed
shale basin
SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS
LA English
DT Article
DE California; Death Valley; Permian; Keeler basin; decollement; thrust
fault; tectonics
ID EAST-CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; PALEOZOIC CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; SOUTHERN
CORDILLERA; SIERRA-NEVADA; MOJAVE DESERT; EVOLUTION; FAULT; MAGNITUDE;
TECTONICS; RANGE
AB The Last Chance thrust, discontinuously exposed over an area of at least 2500 km(2) near the south end of the Cordilleran foreland thrust belt in the Death Valley region of east-central California, is controversial because of its poorly constrained age and its uncertain original geometry and extent. We interpret this thrust to be Early Permian in age, to extend throughout a sedimentary basin in which deep-water Mississippian shale overlain by Pennsylvanian and earliest Permian limestone turbidites accumulated, to represent about 30 km of eastward displacement, and to be related to convergence on a northeast-trending segment of the Early Permian continental margin. Last Chance deformation occurred between the times of the Antler and Sonoma orogenies of Late Devonian-Early Mississippian and Late Permian ages, respectively, and followed Early to Middle Pennsylvanian truncation of the continental mar-in by transform faulting.
In the western part of the Mississippian shale basin in east-central California, the originally recognized exposures of the Last Chance thrust show Neoproterozoic and early Paleozoic strata above lower-plate Mississippian shale. Farther east, faults subparallel to bedding above, below, and within the Mississippian shale are interpreted to mark the thrust zone and to represent a regional decollement. At the eastern margin of the basin, upper-plate thrust slices of deep-water, late Paleozoic strata are interpreted to have piled up against the margin of the Mississippian carbonate shelf to form a large antiformal stack above the Lee Flat thrust, which we regard as the easternmost exposure of the Last Chance thrust. Thrust loading depressed the western part of the shelf, creating a new sedimentary basin in which about 3.5 km of younger Early Permian deep-water strata were deposited against the antiformal stack. Later, probably in the Late Permian, other thrusts, including the Inyo Crest thrust, which was subsequently overlapped by Early to Middle(?) Triassic marine strata, cut across the Last Chance thrust.
We interpret the Last Chance thrust as similar in many ways to Appalachian-type decollements in which the zone of thrusting is localized along a shale interval. The Last Chance thrust, however, has been dismembered during later geologic events so that its original geometry has been obscured. Our model may have unrecognized analogs in other structurally complex shale basins in which the initial deformation was along a major shale unit. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA 95192 USA.
US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Stevens, CH (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA 95192 USA.
EM stevens@geosun.sjsu.edu
NR 47
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 2
U2 10
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0012-8252
J9 EARTH-SCI REV
JI Earth-Sci. Rev.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 73
IS 1-4
BP 79
EP 101
DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2005.04.005
PG 23
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 000PD
UT WOS:000234473400008
ER
PT J
AU Stevens, CH
Stone, P
AF Stevens, CH
Stone, P
TI Structure and regional significance of the Late Permian(?) Sierra
Nevada-Death Valley thrust system, east-central California
SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS
LA English
DT Article
DE California; Death Valley; Sierra Nevada; thrust fault; Permian; Sonoma
orogeny; Morrison orogeny; tectonics
ID CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; TRIASSIC PLUTONISM; MOJAVE DESERT; ROOF PENDANTS;
RANGE; ROCKS; TRUNCATION; CORDILLERA; ALLOCHTHON; MAGNITUDE
AB An imbricate system of north-trending, east-directed thrust faults of late Early Permian to middle Early Triassic (most likely Late Permian) age forms a belt in east-central California extending from the Mount Morrison roof pendant in the eastern Sierra Nevada to Death Valley. Six major thrust faults typically with a spacing of 15-20 km, original dips probably of 25-35 degrees, and stratigraphic throws of 2-5 km compose this structural belt, which we call the Sierra Nevada-Death Valley thrust system. These thrusts presumably merge into a decollement at depth, perhaps at the contact with crystalline basement, the position of which is unknown. We interpret the deformation that produced these thrusts to have been related to the initiation of convergent plate motion along a southeast-trending continental margin segment probably formed by Pennsylvanian transform truncation. This deformation apparently represents a period of tectonic transition to full-scale convergence and arc magmatism along the continental margin beginning in the Late Triassic in central California. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA 95192 USA.
US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Stevens, CH (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA 95192 USA.
EM stevens@geosun.sjsu.edu
NR 42
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 6
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0012-8252
J9 EARTH-SCI REV
JI Earth-Sci. Rev.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 73
IS 1-4
BP 103
EP 113
DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2005.04.006
PG 11
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 000PD
UT WOS:000234473400009
ER
PT J
AU Luckow, HG
Pavlis, TL
Serpa, LF
Guest, B
Wagner, DL
Snee, L
Hensley, TM
Korjenkov, A
AF Luckow, HG
Pavlis, TL
Serpa, LF
Guest, B
Wagner, DL
Snee, L
Hensley, TM
Korjenkov, A
TI Late Cenozoic sedimentation and volcanism during transtensional
deformation in Wingate Wash and the Owlshead Mountains, Death Valley
SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS
LA English
DT Article
DE Death Valley structure; transtension; Wingate Wash; Owlshead Mountains;
argon geochronology; tectonics
ID CALIFORNIA; BASIN; INTERCALIBRATION; STANDARDS; REGION
AB New 1 :24,000 scale mapping, geochemical analyses of volcanic rocks, and Ar/Ar and tephrochronology analyses of the Wingate Wash, northern Owlshead Mountain and Southern Panamint Mountain region document a complex structural history constrained by syntectonic volcanism and sedimentation. In this study, the region is divided into five structural domains with distinct, but related, histories: (1) The southern Panamint domain is a structurally intact, gently south-tilted block dominated by a middle Miocene volcanic center recognized as localized hypabyssal intrusives surrounded by proximal facies pyroclastic rocks. This Miocene volcanic sequence is an unusual alkaline volcanic assemblage ranging from trachybasalt to rhyolite, but dominated by trachyandesite. The volcanic rocks are overlain in the southwestern Panamint Mountains by a younger (Late Miocene?) fanglomerate sequence. (2) An upper Wingate Wash domain is characterized by large areas of Quaternary cover and complex overprinting of older structure by Quaternary deformation. Quaternary structures record similar to N-S shortening concurrent with similar to E-W extension accommodated by systems of strike-slip and thrust faults. (3) A central Wingate Wash domain contains a complex structural history that is closely tied to the stratigraphic evolution. In this domain, a middle Miocene volcanic package contains two distinct assemblages; a lower sequence dominated by alkaline pyroclastic rocks similar to the southern Panamint sequence and an upper basaltic sequence of alkaline basalt and basanites. This volcanic sequence is in turn overlain by a coarse clastic sedimentary sequence that records the unroofing of adjacent ranges and development of similar to N-S trending, west-tilted fault blocks. We refer to this sedimentary sequence as the Lost Lake assemblage. (4) The lower Wingate Wash/northern Owlshead domain is characterized by a gently north-dipping stratigraphic sequence with an irregular unconformity at the base developed on granitic basement. The unconformity is locally overlain by channelized deposits of older Tertiary(?) red conglomerate, some of which predate the onset of extensive volcanism, but in most of the area is overlain by a moderately thick package of Middle Miocene trachybasalt, trachyandesitic, ash flows, lithic tuff, basaltic cinder, basanites, and dacitic pyroclastic, debris, and lahar flows with localized exposures of sedimentary rocks. The upper part of the Miocene stratigraphic sequence in this domain is comprised of coarse grained-elastic sediments that are apparently middle Miocene based on Ar/Ar dating of interbedded volcanic rocks. This sedimentary sequence, however, is lithologically indistinguishable from the structurally adjacent Late Miocene Lost Lake assemblage and a stratigraphically overlying Plio-Pleistocene alluvial fan; a relationship that handicaps tracing structures through this domain. This domain is also structurally complex and deformed by a series of northwest-southeast-striking, east-dipping, high-angle oblique, sinistral, normal faults that are cut by left-lateral strike-slip faults.
The contact between the southern Panamint domain and the adjacent domains is a complex fault system that we interpret as a zone of Late Miocene distributed sinistral slip that is variably overprinted in different portions of the mapped area. The net sinistral slip across the Wingate Wash fault system is estimated at 7-9 km, based on offset of Proterozoic Crystal Springs Formation beneath the middle Miocene unconformity to as much as 15 kin based on offset volcanic facies in Middle Miocene rocks. To the south of Wingate Wash, the northern Owlshead Mountains are also cut by a sinistral, northwest-dipping, oblique normal fault, (referred to as the Filtonny Fault) with significant slip that separates the Lower Wingate Wash and central Owlshead domains. The Filtonny Fault may represent a young conjugate fault to the dextral Southern Death Valley fault system and may be the northwest-dipping fault imaged by COCORP studies. Similarly, younger deformation in upper Wingate Wash is probably broadly related to distributed dextral shear along the Panamint Valley fault system. Earlier deformation (Late Miocene?) is more difficult to constrain because of overprinting but appears to be dominated by an E-W extension recognized by a NNW-striking, northeast-dipping, sinistral-oblique normal faults, similar to N-S striking normal faults that splay in the northern Owlshead Mountains and include the large west-tilted fault blocks of the northern Owlshead Mountains. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ New Orleans, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA.
Calif Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA.
US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
Inst Seismol NAS, Bishkek 720060, Kyrgyzstan.
RP Luckow, HG (reprint author), Univ New Orleans, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA.
EM lsnee@USGS.GOV
NR 42
TC 8
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0012-8252
J9 EARTH-SCI REV
JI Earth-Sci. Rev.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 73
IS 1-4
BP 177
EP 219
DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2005.07.013
PG 43
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 000PD
UT WOS:000234473400013
ER
PT J
AU Calzia, JP
Ramo, OT
AF Calzia, JP
Ramo, OT
TI Miocene rapakivi granites in the southern Death Valley region,
California, USA
SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS
LA English
DT Article
DE rapakivi granite; Death Valley; California; petrology; geochemistry;
isotope geology
ID EASTERN MOJAVE DESERT; A-TYPE GRANITES; SIERRA-NEVADA; CALC-ALKALINE;
UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; MOUNTAINS; EVOLUTION; ANORTHOSITE;
MAGMATISM
AB Rapakivi granites in the southern Death Valley region, California, include the 12.4-Ma granite of Kingston Peak, the ca. 10.6-Ma Little Chief stock, and the 9.8-Ma Shoshone pluton. All of these granitic rocks are texturally zoned from a porphyritic rim facies, characterized by rapakivi textures and miarolitic cavities, to an equigranular aplite core. These granites crystallized from anhydrous and peraluminous to metaluminous magmas that were more oxidized and less alkalic than type rapakivi granites from southern Finland. Chemical and isotope (Nd-Sr-Pb) data suggest that rapakivi granites of the southern Death Valley region were derived by partial melting of lower crustal rocks (possibly including Mesozoic plutonic component) with some mantle input as well; they were ernplaced at shallow crustal levels (4 km) in an actively extending orogen. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
Dept Geol, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
RP Calzia, JP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM jpcalzia@usgs.gov
NR 74
TC 16
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 7
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0012-8252
J9 EARTH-SCI REV
JI Earth-Sci. Rev.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 73
IS 1-4
BP 221
EP 243
DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2005.07.006
PG 23
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 000PD
UT WOS:000234473400014
ER
PT J
AU Knott, JR
Sarna-Wojcicki, AM
Machette, MN
Klinger, RE
AF Knott, JR
Sarna-Wojcicki, AM
Machette, MN
Klinger, RE
TI Upper Neogene stratigraphy and tectonics of Death Valley - a review
SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS
LA English
DT Article
DE Neogene; stratigraphy; tectonics; tephrochronology
ID ROCK-VARNISH; CALIFORNIA; BASIN; FAULT; SLIP; DISPLACEMENT; DEFORMATION;
CHRONOLOGY; INSIGHTS; DEPOSITS
AB New tephrochronologic, soil-stratigraphic and radiometric-dating studies over the last 10 years have generated a robust numerical stratigraphy for Upper Neogene sedimentary deposits throughout Death Valley. Critical to this improved stratigraphy are correlated or radiometrically-dated tephra beds and tuffs that range in age from > 3.58 Ma to < 1.1 ka. These tephra beds and tuffs establish relations among the Upper Pliocene to Middle Pleistocene sedimentary deposits at Furnace Creek basin, Nova basin, Ubehebe-Lake Rogers basin, Copper Canyon, Artists Drive, Kit Fox Hills, and Confidence Hills. New geologic formations have been described in the Confidence Hills and at Mormon Point. This new geochronology also establishes maximum and minimum ages for Quaternary alluvial fans and Lake Manly deposits. Facies associated with the tephra. beds show that similar to 3.3 Ma the Furnace Creek basin was a northwest-southeast-trending lake flanked by alluvial fans. This paleolake extended from the Furnace Creek to Ubehebe. Based on the new stratigraphy, the Death Valley fault system can be divided into four main fault zones: the dextral, Quaternary-age Northern Death Valley fault zone; the dextral, pre-Quaternary Furnace Creek fault zone; the oblique-normal Black Mountains fault zone; and the dextral Southern Death Valley fault zone. Post -3.3 Ma geometric, structural, and kinematic changes in the Black Mountains and Towne Pass fault zones led to the break up of Furnace Creek basin and uplift of the Copper Canyon and Nova basins. Internal kinematics of northern Death Valley are interpreted as either rotation of blocks or normal slip along the northeast-southwest-trending Towne Pass and Tin Mountain fault zones within the Eastern California shear zone. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Geol Sci, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA.
US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
US Bur Reclamat, Tech Serv Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Knott, JR (reprint author), Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Geol Sci, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA.
EM jknott@fullerton.edu; asarna@usgs.gov; machette@usgs.gov;
rklinger@do.usbr.gov
NR 79
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 1
U2 18
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0012-8252
J9 EARTH-SCI REV
JI Earth-Sci. Rev.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 73
IS 1-4
BP 245
EP 270
DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2005.07.004
PG 26
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 000PD
UT WOS:000234473400015
ER
PT J
AU Jayko, AS
AF Jayko, AS
TI Late Quaternary denudation, Death and Panamint Valleys, eastern
California
SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS
LA English
DT Article
DE Death Valley; alluvial fans; Quaternary; denudation rates; arid
processes; Panamint Valley
ID DRAINAGE BASINS; ALLUVIAL FANS; SIERRA-NEVADA; OWENS VALLEY; CHRONOLOGY;
RATES; FAULT; DEPOSITS; CORE
AB Late Quaternary denudation rates are constrained from alluvial falls and tributary watersheds in central Death and Panamint Valleys. preliminary results suggest that the denudation rate is in part a function of the mean watershed elevation. Rainfall increases semi-logarithmically with higher elevation to about 2500 m where it becomes limited by the regional average maximum moisture content of the air mass. The fail volumes show a power-law relation to the watershed areas. The fail volumes ranged from about 250,000 to 4000 km(3) and the watershed areas range from about 60,000 to 2000 km(2). The upper limit of the denudation rates estimated from small Death Valley falls restricted to the east side of the basin along the Black Mountain frontal scarp range between about 0.03 to 0.18 mm/yr. The maximum is made by assuming most of the elastic accumulation in these fans followed the last highstand of Lake Manly around 24,000 yr which is the least conservative condition. The upper limit of the denudation rates from the Panamint fans range from 0.04 to 0.20 mm/yr assuming the accumulation mainly postdates OIS-4 similar to 60,000 yr or OIS-2 similar to 20,000 yr based oil the presence or absence of inset shorelines from the last glacial-pluvial maximum. The greater denudation rate associated with the higher mean watershed elevations can mainly be attributed to the greater rainfall at higher elevation. Denudation rates are about a third or less of the Neogene dip-slip rates reported from nearby active faults consistent with relief increasing during dryer periods. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 US Geol Survey, White Mt Res Stn, Bishop, CA 93514 USA.
RP Jayko, AS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, White Mt Res Stn, 3000 E Line St, Bishop, CA 93514 USA.
EM ajayko@usgs.gov
NR 61
TC 13
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 7
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0012-8252
J9 EARTH-SCI REV
JI Earth-Sci. Rev.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 73
IS 1-4
BP 271
EP 289
DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2005.04.009
PG 19
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 000PD
UT WOS:000234473400016
ER
PT J
AU Messina, P
Stoffer, P
Smith, WC
AF Messina, P
Stoffer, P
Smith, WC
TI Macropolygon morphology, development, and classification on North
Panamint and Eureka playas, Death Valley National Park CA
SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS
LA English
DT Article
DE GIS; GPS; surficial processes; Quaternary; desiccation fissures; playa
ID COUNTY
AB Panamint and Eureka playas, both located within Death Valley National Park, exhibit a host of surficial features including fissures, pits, mounds, and plant-covered ridges, representing topographic highs and lows that vary Lip to 2 m of relief from the playa surface. Aerial photographs reveal that these linear strands often converge to form polygons, ranging in length from several meters to nearly a kilometer. These features stand Out in generally dark contrast to the brighter intervening expanse of flat, plant-free, desiccated mud of the typical playa surface.
Ground-truth mapping of playa features with differential GPS (Global Positioning System) was conducted in 1999 (North Panamint Valley) and 2002 (Eureka Valley). High-resolution digital maps reveal that both playas possess macropolygons of similar scale and geometry, and that fissures may be categorized into one of two genetic groups: (1) shore-parallel or playa-interior desiccation and shrinkage; and (2) tectonic-induced cracks. Early investigations of these features in Eureka Valley concluded that their origin may have been related to agricultural activity by paleo-Indian communities. Although human artifacts are abundant at each locale, there is no evidence to support the inference that surface features reported on Eureka Playa are anthropogenic in origin.
Our assumptions into the genesis of polygons on playas is based on our fortuitous experience of witnessing a fissure in the process of fort-nation on Panamint Playa after a flash flood (May 1999); our observations revealed a paradox that saturation of the upper playa crusts contributes to the establishment of some desiccation features. Follow-tip visits to the same feature over 2 yrs' time are a foundation for insight into the evolution and possible longevity of these features. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 San Jose State Univ, Dept Geol, San Jose, CA 95192 USA.
US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Earth Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
RP Messina, P (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, Dept Geol, San Jose, CA 95192 USA.
EM pmessina@geosun.sjsu.edu
NR 21
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0012-8252
J9 EARTH-SCI REV
JI Earth-Sci. Rev.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 73
IS 1-4
BP 309
EP 322
DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2005.04.011
PG 14
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 000PD
UT WOS:000234473400018
ER
PT J
AU Church, SE
Cox, DP
Wooden, JL
Tingley, JV
Vaughn, RB
AF Church, SE
Cox, DP
Wooden, JL
Tingley, JV
Vaughn, RB
TI Base- and precious-metal deposits in the Basin and Range of Southern
California and Southern Nevada - Metallogenic implications of lead
isotope studies
SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS
LA English
DT Article
DE lead isotope; lead-zinc deposits; Basin and Range; metallogeny
ID DEATH-VALLEY-REGION; ACCESSORY MINERALS; UNITED-STATES; ORE GENESIS;
ROCKS; BATHOLITH; MOUNTAINS; EVOLUTION; AREA; USA
AB Southern California and southern Nevada contain abundant lead-zinc deposits with strikingly different characteristics. On the west, the Darwin Terrane contains abundant Jurassic and Cretaceous intrusions surrounded by lead-zinc skarn and replacement deposits rich in pyrite and manganese minerals. The Tecopa Terrane is east of the Darwin Terrane and contains some lead deposits that are hosted by the Proterozoic Noonday Dolomite. These lead deposits have no consistent relation to igneous rocks; they contain mainly galena, and are devoid of pyrite and manganese minerals. Other skarn and vein deposits in the Ivanpah and Tecopa districts are more closely associated with igneous rocks. Mississippi Valley type lead-zinc deposits are present still farther to the east in the Goodsprings Terrane in Nevada. These deposits are hosted by breccias formed below the Mississippian-Pennsylvanian unconformity and are unrelated to igneous rocks.
Deposits in the Darwin Terrane have lead isotopic signatures that lie along a mantle-sediment mixing line indicating that they formed in a continental arc setting analogous to that for the plutons in the Sierra Nevada batholith [Chen, J.H. and Tilton, G.R., 1991. Application of lead and strontium isotopic relationships to the petrogenesis of granitoid rocks, central Sierra Nevada batholith, California. Geological Society of America Bulletin 103, 439-447]. Encroachment of this continental arc on the North American continent in the eastern part of the Darwin Terrane resulted in a lead isotopic signature that is like that of the strongly contaminated plutons [Chen, J.H. and Tilton, G.R., 1991. Application of lead and strontium isotopic relationships to the petrogenesis of granitoid rocks, central Sierra Nevada batholith, California. Geological Society of America Bulletin 103, 439-447]. Many deposits from the Inyo Mountains on east side of the Owens Valley have lead isotopic signatures that reflect this encroachment. To the east in the Tecopa Terrane, encroachment of the continental arc on the Mojave crust resulted in partial melting of 1.7 Ga amphibolite and granulite facies rocks to produce the plutons and mineral deposits associated with plutons in this terrane. Lead from deposits in this terrane hosted in the Proterozoic Noonday Dolomite and associated rocks have a lead isotope signature that reflects hydrothermal circulation of fluids in the Mojave supracrustal rocks. The boundary between the Darwin Terrane and the Tecopa Terrane lies just west of the Ash Valley-Panamint Range Fault and is bounded by the Towne Fault on the north and the Garlock Fault on the south.
Lead isotopic data from the Goodsprings district in southwestem Nevada, east of the Tecopa Terrane, form a 1.45 Ga linear array that is indicative of Mississippi Valley type mineralization. Although we have no independent evidence of the timing of the tectonic events that formed these deposits, it is likely that all formed as a result of the Mesozoic collision of the Panthalassen crust with the North American continent. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
RP Church, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046,MS 973, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
NR 60
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 2
U2 8
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0012-8252
J9 EARTH-SCI REV
JI Earth-Sci. Rev.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 73
IS 1-4
BP 323
EP 346
DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2005.04.012
PG 24
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 000PD
UT WOS:000234473400019
ER
PT J
AU Brown, DG
Johnson, KM
Loveland, TR
Theobald, DM
AF Brown, DG
Johnson, KM
Loveland, TR
Theobald, DM
TI Rural land-use trends in the conterminous United States, 1950-2000
SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 87th Annual Meeting of the Ecological-Society-of-America
CY AUG, 2002
CL Tuscon, AZ
SP Ecol Soc Amer
DE agriculture; demography; dispersed development; land-use change
ID DEMOGRAPHIC-CHANGE; CLEAN BREAK; POPULATION; COVER; PATTERNS;
MANAGEMENT; WISCONSIN; MIGRATION; DYNAMICS; COUNTIES
AB In order to understand the magnitude, direction, and geographic distribution of land-use changes, we evaluated land-use trends in U.S. counties during the latter half of the 20th century. Our paper synthesizes the dominant spatial and temporal trends in population, agriculture, and urbanized land uses, using a variety of data sources and;in ecoregion classification as a frame of reference. A combination of increasing attractiveness of nonmetropolitan areas in the period 1970-2000, decreasing household size, and decreasing density,of settlement has resulted in important trends in the patterns of developled land. By 2000, the area of low-density, exurban development beyond the urban fringe occupied nearly 15 times the area of higher density urbanized development. Efficiency gains, mechanization, and agglomeration of agricultural concerns has resulted in data that show cropland area to be stable throughout the Corn Belt and parts of the West between 1950 and 2000, but decreasing by about 22% east of the Mississippi River. We use a regional case study of the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions to focus in more detail on the land-cover changes resulting from these dynamics. Dominating were land-cover changes associated with the timber practices in the forested plains ecoregions and urbanization in the piedmont ecoregions. Appalachian ecoregions show the slowest rates of land-cover change. The dominant trends of tremendous exurban growth, throughout the United States, and conversion and abandonment of agricultural lands, especially in the eastern United States, have important implications because they affect large areas of the country, the functioning of ecological systems, and the potential for restoration.
C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
Loyola Univ, Dept Sociol, Chicago, IL 60626 USA.
USGS, Eros Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Brown, DG (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
EM danbrown@umich.edu
RI Brown, Daniel/L-8089-2013
OI Brown, Daniel/0000-0001-6023-5950
NR 54
TC 342
Z9 347
U1 14
U2 134
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA
SN 1051-0761
J9 ECOL APPL
JI Ecol. Appl.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 15
IS 6
BP 1851
EP 1863
DI 10.1890/03-5220
PG 13
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 992BL
UT WOS:000233858900002
ER
PT J
AU Bowker, MA
Belnap, J
Davidson, DW
Phillips, SL
AF Bowker, MA
Belnap, J
Davidson, DW
Phillips, SL
TI Evidence for micronutrient limitation of biological soil crusts:
importance to arid-lands restoration
SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE Collema; cryptobiotic soils; desertification; lichens; manganese;
micronutrient limitation; mosses; restoration; semi-arid desert; soil
crusts and arid-land restoration; soil nutrients; zinc
ID COLORADO PLATEAU; NITROGEN-FIXATION; DESERT; AUSTRALIA; LICHENS;
DEGRADATION; VEGETATION; ORGANISMS; STEPPE
AB Desertification is a global problem, costly to national economies and human societies. Restoration of biological soil crusts (BSCs) may have an important role to play in the reversal of desertification due to their ability to decrease erosion and enhance soil fertility. To determine if there is evidence that lower fertility may hinder BSC recolonization, we investigated the hypothesis that BSC abundance is driven by soil nutrient concentrations. At a regional scale (north and central Colorado Plateau, USA), moss and lichen cover aid richness are correlated With a complex water-nutrient availability gradient and have approximately six-fold higher cover and approximately two-fold higher species richness on sandy soils than on shale-derived soils. At a microscale, mosses and. lichens are overrepresented in microhabitats under the north sides of shrub canopies, where water and nutrients are more available. At two spatial scales, and at the individual species and community levels, our data are consistent with the hypothesis that distributions of BSC organisms are determined largely by soil fertility. The micronutrients Mn and Zn figured prominently and consistently in the various analyses, strongly suggesting that these elements are previously unstudied limiting factors in BSC development. Structural-equation modeling of our data is most consistent with the hypothesis of causal relationships between the availability of micronutrients and the abundance of the two major nitrogen (N) fixers of BSCs. Specifically, higher Mn availability may determine greater Collema tenax abundance, and both Mn and Zn may limit Collema coccophorum; alternative causal hypotheses were less consistent with the data.. We propose experimental trials- of micronutrient addition to promote the restoration of BSC function on disturbed lands. Arid lands, where BSCs are most prevalent, cover similar to 40% of the terrestrial surface of the earth; thus the information gathered in this study is potentially useful in many places worldwide.
C1 US Geol Survey, Moab, UT 84532 USA.
Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
RP Bowker, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2290 SW Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA.
EM mab86@dana.ucc.nau.edu
NR 46
TC 57
Z9 67
U1 2
U2 51
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA
SN 1051-0761
J9 ECOL APPL
JI Ecol. Appl.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 15
IS 6
BP 1941
EP 1951
DI 10.1890/04-1959
PG 11
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 992BL
UT WOS:000233858900009
ER
PT J
AU Kennedy, TA
Finlay, JC
Hobbie, SE
AF Kennedy, TA
Finlay, JC
Hobbie, SE
TI Eradication of invasive Tamarix ramosissima along a desert stream
increases native fish density
SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE biological invasion; crayfish; desert springbrook; ecosystem
restoration; food web; mosquitofish; pupfish; screw snail; speckled
dace; stable isotope; Tamarix
ID CARBON-ISOTOPE RATIOS; CRAYFISH PROCAMBARUS-CLARKII; STABLE-CARBON;
FOOD-WEB; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; WATER VELOCITY; UNITED-STATES; RIVER;
ECOLOGY; DELTA-N-15
AB Spring ecosystems of the western United States have high conservation value, particularly because of the highly endemic, and often endangered, fauna that they support. Refuges now protect these habitats from many of the human impacts that once threatened them, but invasive species often persist. Invasive saltcedar is ubiquitous along streams, rivers, and spring ecosystems of the western United States, yet the impact of salcedar invasion on these ecosystems, or ecosystem I response to its removal, have rarely been quantified. Along Jackrabbit Spring, a springbrook in Nevada that supports populations of two endangered fish (Ash Meadows pupfish and Ash Meadows speckled dace) as well as several exotic aquatic consumers, we quantified the response of aquatic consumers to large-scale saltcedar removal and identified the mechanism underlying consumer response to the removal. Clearing saltcedar from, the riparian zone increased densities of native pupfish and exotic screw snails, but decreased the density of exotic crayfish. Positive effects of saltcedar removal on pupfish and snails occurred because saltcedar heavily shades the stream, greatly reducing the availability of algae for herbivores. This was confirmed by analyses of potential organic matter sources and consumer C-13: pupfish and snails, along with native dace and exotic mosquitofish, relied heavily on algae-derived carbon and not saltcedar-derived carbon. By contrast, crayfish delta(13)C values mirrored algae delta(13)C during summer, but in winter indicated reliance on allochthonous saltcedar litter that dominated organic inputs in saltcedar reaches and on algae-derived carbon where saltcedar was absent. The seasonal use of saltcedar by crayfish. likely explains its negative response to saltcedar removal. Clearing saltcedar effectively restored the springbrook of Jackrabbit Spring to the conditions characteristic of native vegetation sites. Given the high conservation value of spring ecosystems and the potential conservation benefits of saltcedar removal that this research highlights, eradicating saltcedar from spring ecosystems of the western United States should clearly be a management priority.
C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
RP Kennedy, TA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
EM tkennedy@usgs.gov
RI Finlay, Jacques/B-6081-2011;
OI Finlay, Jacques/0000-0002-7968-7030; Hobbie, Sarah/0000-0001-5159-031X
NR 55
TC 27
Z9 28
U1 4
U2 44
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA
SN 1051-0761
J9 ECOL APPL
JI Ecol. Appl.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 15
IS 6
BP 2072
EP 2083
DI 10.1890/04-1533
PG 12
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 992BL
UT WOS:000233858900019
ER
PT J
AU Keeley, JE
Baer-Keeley, M
Fotheringham, CJ
AF Keeley, JE
Baer-Keeley, M
Fotheringham, CJ
TI Alien plant dynamics following fire in Mediterranean-climate California
shrublands
SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE annuals; colonization; disturbance; diversity; invasive species;
metapopulatiots; structural equation modeling
ID COASTAL SAGE SCRUB; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; EXOTIC GRASSES; GRASSLAND;
REGIMES; DISTURBANCE; SUCCESSION; DIVERSITY; INVASION; NITROGEN
AB Over 75 species of alien plants Were recorded during the first five years alter fire in. southern California shrublands, most of which were European annuals. Both cover and richness of aliens varied between years and plant association. Alien cover was lowest in the first postfire year in all plant associations and remained low during succession in chaparral but increased in sage scrub. Alien cover and richness were significantly correlated with year (time since disturbance) and with precipitation in both coastal and interior sage scrub associations. Hypothesized. factors determining alien dominance were tested with structural equation modeling. Models that included nitrogen deposition and distance from the coast were not significant, but with those variables removed we obtained a significant model that gave an R-2 = 0.60 for the response variable of fifth year alien dominance. Factors directly affecting alien dominance were (1) woody canopy closure and (2) alien seed banks. Significant indirect effects were (3) fire intensity, (4) fire history, (5) prefire stand structure, (6) aridity, and (7) community type. According to this model the most critical factor influencing aliens is the rapid return of the shrub and subshrub canopy. Thus, in these communities a single functional type (woody plants) appears to the most critical element controlling alien invasion and persistence. Fire history is an important indirect factor because it affects both prefire stand structure and postfire alien seed banks. Despite being fire-prone ecosystems, these shrublands are not adapted to fire per se, but rather to a particular fire regime. Alterations in the fire regime produce a very different selective environment, and high fire frequency changes the selective regime to favor aliens. This study does not support the widely held belief that prescription burning is a viable management practice for controlling alien species on semiarid landscapes.
C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA.
Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
RP Keeley, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA.
EM Jon_Keeley@usgs.gov
NR 66
TC 75
Z9 79
U1 7
U2 54
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA
SN 1051-0761
J9 ECOL APPL
JI Ecol. Appl.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 15
IS 6
BP 2109
EP 2125
DI 10.1890/04-1222
PG 17
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 992BL
UT WOS:000233858900022
ER
PT J
AU Gorresen, PM
Willig, MR
Strauss, RE
AF Gorresen, PM
Willig, MR
Strauss, RE
TI Multivariate analysis of scale-dependent associations between bats and
landscape structure
SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE Atlantic forest; bats; correlation; habitat fragmentation; landscape
scale; matrix-simulation approach; meta-analysis; null model; Paraguay;
permutation; phyllostomid bats; species-specific responses
ID SPECIES RICHNESS; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; LATITUDINAL GRADIENTS;
DIVERSITY; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY; BIRDS; PRODUCTIVITY; OCCUPANCY; RESPONSES
AB The assessment of biotic responses to habitat disturbance and fragmentation generally has been limited to analyses at a single spatial scale. Furthermore, methods to compare responses between scales have lacked the ability to discriminate among patterns related to the identity, strength, or direction of associations of biotic variables with landscape attributes. We present. an examination of the relationship of population- and community-level characteristics of phyllostomid bats with habitat features that were measured at multiple spatial scales in Atlantic rain forest of eastern Paraguay. We used a matrix of partial correlations between each biotic response variable (i.e., species abundance, species richness, and evenness) and a suite of landscape characteristics to represent the multifaceted associations of bats with spatial structure. Correlation matrices can correspond based on either the strength (i.e., magnitude) or direction (i.e., sign) of association. Therefore, a simulation model independently evaluated correspondence in the magnitude and sign of correlations among scales, and results were combined via a meta-analysis to provide an overall test of significance. Our approach detected both species-specific differences in response. to landscape structure and scale dependence in those responses. This matrix-simulation approach has broad applicability to ecological situations in which multiple intercorrelated factors contribute to patterns in space or time.
C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci & Museum, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.
RP Gorresen, PM (reprint author), USGS Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Kilauea Field Stn, POB 44, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA.
EM marcos_gorresen@usgs.gov
NR 51
TC 47
Z9 49
U1 3
U2 31
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA
SN 1051-0761
J9 ECOL APPL
JI Ecol. Appl.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 15
IS 6
BP 2126
EP 2136
DI 10.1890/04-0532
PG 11
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 992BL
UT WOS:000233858900023
ER
PT J
AU Scherer, RD
Muths, E
Noon, BR
Corn, PS
AF Scherer, RD
Muths, E
Noon, BR
Corn, PS
TI An evaluation of weather and disease as causes of decline in two
populations of boreal toads
SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE amphibian declines; Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis; boreal toads; Bufo
boreas; capture-recapture; chytrid fungus; demographic parameters;
marking effect; model selection; weather; wildlife disease
ID AMPHIBIAN DECLINES; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; MARKED ANIMALS; MORTALITY;
MOUNTAIN; SURVIVAL; CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS; COLORADO; MARKING
AB Two populations of boreal toads (Bufo boreas) experienced drastic declines in abundance in the late 1990s. Evidence supported the hypothesis of disease (the chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) as the cause of these declines, but other hypotheses had not been evaluated. We used an 11-year capture-recapture data set to evaluate weather and disease as causes of these declines. We developed sets of mathematical models that reflected hypothesized-relationships between several weather variables and annual survival rates of adult males in these populations. In addition; models that reflected the possibility that the declines were caused by an introduced fungus were developed. All models were fit to the data and were evaluated using a model selection criterion (QAIC(c)). Our analysis provided strong support for the hypothesis of an introduced fungus and little support for the hypothesis that weather conditions caused the declines. Our results also suggest a strong, negative "marking effect" on survival rates of boreal toads. Model-averaged estimates of survival rate are presented.
C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59807 USA.
RP Scherer, RD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Wagar Bldg 136, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM scherer@cnr.colostate.edu
NR 37
TC 41
Z9 46
U1 0
U2 22
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1051-0761
EI 1939-5582
J9 ECOL APPL
JI Ecol. Appl.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 15
IS 6
BP 2150
EP 2160
DI 10.1890/05-0431
PG 11
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 992BL
UT WOS:000233858900025
ER
PT J
AU Converse, SJ
Iverson, JB
Savidge, JA
AF Converse, SJ
Iverson, JB
Savidge, JA
TI Demographics of an ornate box turtle population experiencing minimal
human-induced disturbances
SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE climate; commercial harvest; demographics; human disturbance; ornate box
turtle; population growth rate; survival; temporal process variance;
Terrapene ornata ornata
ID LONG-LIVED ORGANISMS; TERRAPENE-ORNATA; SEX DETERMINATION; MARKED
ANIMALS; TERRESTRIAL MOVEMENTS; GROWTH-RATE; CONSERVATION; CAROLINA;
SURVIVAL; RECAPTURE
AB Human-induced disturbances may threaten the viability of many turtle populations, including populations of North American box turtles. Evaluation of the potential impacts of these disturbances can be aided by long-term studies of populations subject to minimal human activity. In such a population of ornate box turtles (Terrapene ornata ornata) in western Nebraska, we examined survival rates and population growth rates from 1981-2000 based on mark-recapture data. The average annual apparent survival rate of adult males was 0.883 (SE = 0.021) and of adult females was 0.932 (SE = 0.014). Minimum winter temperature was the best of five climate variables as a predictor of adult survival. Survival rates were highest in years with low minimum winter temperatures, Suggesting that global warming pay result in declining survival. We estimated an average adult population growth rate ((lambda) over cap) of 1.006 (SE = 0.065), with an estimated temporal process variance ((lambda) over cap (2)) of 0.029 (95% CI = 0.005-0.176). Stochastic simulations suggest that this mean and temporal process variance would result in a 58% probability of a population decrease over a 20-year period. This research provides evidence that, unless unknown density-dependent mechanisms are operating in the adult age class, significant human disturbances, such Is commercial harvest or turtle mortality on roads, represent a potential risk to box turtle populations.
C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
Earlham Coll, Dept Biol, Richmond, IN 47374 USA.
RP Converse, SJ (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
EM sconverse@usgs.gov
OI Converse, Sarah J/0000-0002-3719-5441
NR 69
TC 33
Z9 36
U1 2
U2 19
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA
SN 1051-0761
J9 ECOL APPL
JI Ecol. Appl.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 15
IS 6
BP 2171
EP 2179
DI 10.1890/04-0431
PG 9
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 992BL
UT WOS:000233858900027
ER
PT J
AU Burkett, VR
Wilcox, DA
Stottlemyer, R
Barrow, W
Fagre, D
Baron, J
Price, J
Nielsen, JL
Allen, CD
Peterson, DL
Ruggerone, G
Doyle, T
AF Burkett, VR
Wilcox, DA
Stottlemyer, R
Barrow, W
Fagre, D
Baron, J
Price, J
Nielsen, JL
Allen, CD
Peterson, DL
Ruggerone, G
Doyle, T
TI Nonlinear dynamics in ecosystem response to climatic change: Case
studies and policy implications
SO ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY
LA English
DT Review
DE nonlinear dynamics; thresholds; ecosystems; climate change; natural
resource management
ID GLACIER-NATIONAL-PARK; CHINESE TALLOW TREE; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA;
SUB-ARCTIC QUEBEC; SEBIFERUM L ROXB; SALMON O-NERKA; SAPIUM-SEBIFERUM;
SOCKEYE-SALMON; LAKE-LEVEL; VEGETATION DYNAMICS
AB Many biological, hydrological, and geological processes are interactively linked in ecosystems. These ecological phenomena normally vary within bounded ranges, but rapid, nonlinear changes to markedly different conditions can be triggered by even small differences if threshold values arc exceeded. Intrinsic and extrinsic ecological thresholds can lead to effects that cascade among systems, precluding accurate modeling and prediction of system response to climate change. Ten case studies from North America illustrate how charges in climate can lead to rapid, threshold-type responses within ecological communities;, the case studies also highlight the role of human activities that alter the rate or direction of system response to climate change. Understanding and anticipating nonlinear dynamics are important aspects of adaptation planning since responses of biological resources to changes in the physical climate system are not necessarily proportional and sometimes, as in the case of complex ecological systems, inherently nonlinear. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
US Geol Survey, Glacier Natl Pk Headquaters, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA.
US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Chico, CA 95929 USA.
US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Jemez Mt Field Stn, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA.
US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA USA.
Nat Resources Consultants Inc, Seattle, WA 98119 USA.
RP Burkett, VR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
EM virginia_burkett@usgs.gov
RI Baron, Jill/C-5270-2016
OI Baron, Jill/0000-0002-5902-6251
NR 258
TC 108
Z9 113
U1 2
U2 64
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1476-945X
EI 1476-9840
J9 ECOL COMPLEX
JI Ecol. Complex.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 2
IS 4
BP 357
EP 394
DI 10.1016/j.ecocom.2005.04.010
PG 38
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 987NF
UT WOS:000233523900003
ER
PT J
AU Thullen, JS
Sartoris, JJ
Nelson, SM
AF Thullen, JS
Sartoris, JJ
Nelson, SM
TI Managing vegetation in surface-flow wastewater-treatment wetlands for
optimal treatment performance
SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 87th Canadian Chemistry Conference and Exhibition
CY JUN 01, 2004
CL London, CANADA
DE treatment wetland sustainability; wetland plant management; constructed
treatment wetlands; free water surface wetland; Schoenoplectus spp;
hummocks; mosquito management; hemi-marsh; water quality; wetland
hydraulics
ID CONSTRUCTED TREATMENT WETLANDS; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; EMERGENT
MACROPHYTES; ARTIFICIAL WETLANDS; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; TREATMENT
SYSTEMS; NUTRIENT REMOVAL; AQUATIC PLANTS; FRESH-WATER; LEAF-LITTER
AB Constructed wetlands that mimic natural marshes have been used as low-cost alternatives to conventional secondary or tertiary wastewater treatment in the U.S. for at least 30 years. However, the general level of understanding of internal treatment processes and their relation to vegetation and habitat quality has not grown in proportion to the popularity of these systems. We have studied internal processes in surface-flow constructed wastewater-treatment wetlands throughout the southwestern U.S. since 1990. At any given time, the water quality, hydraulics, water temperature, soil chemistry, available oxygen, microbial communities, macroinvertebrates, and vegetation each greatly affect the treatment capabilities of the wetland. Inside the wetland, each of these components plays a functional role and the treatment outcome depends upon how the various components interact. Vegetation plays a uniquely important role in water treatment due to the large number of functions it supports, particularly with regard to nitrogen transformations. However, it has been our experience that vegetation management is critical for achieving and sustaining optimal treatment function. Effective water treatment function and good wildlife quality within a surface-flow constructed wetland depend upon the health and sustainability of the vegetation. We suggest that an effective tool to manage and sustain healthy vegetation is the use of hummocks, which are shallow emergent plant beds within the wetland, positioned perpendicular to the water flow path and surrounded by water sufficiently deep to limit further emergent vegetation expansion. In this paper. we describe the use of a hummock configuration, in conjunction with seasonal water level fluctuations, to manage the vegetation and maintain the treatment function of wastewater-treatment wetlands on a sustainable basis. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
Bur Reclamat, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Thullen, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25007,D-8220, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM joan_thullen@usgs.gov
NR 82
TC 60
Z9 66
U1 4
U2 39
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0925-8574
J9 ECOL ENG
JI Ecol. Eng.
PD DEC 1
PY 2005
VL 25
IS 5
BP 583
EP 593
DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2005.07.013
PG 11
WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering
GA 001ZL
UT WOS:000234581100010
ER
PT J
AU Wintzer, AP
Motta, PJ
AF Wintzer, AP
Motta, PJ
TI Diet-induced phenotypic plasticity in the skull morphology of
hatchery-reared Florida largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides
floridanus
SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH
LA English
DT Article
DE anatomy; Centrarchidae; fisheries; geometric morphometrics; levers
ID PREY USE; GEOPHAGUS-BRASILIENSIS; NEOTROPICAL CICHLIDS; FEEDING
BIOMECHANICS; COTTID FISHES; BODY SHAPE; PATTERNS; PISCES; JAW; CAPTURE
AB Hatchery-reared Florida largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides floridanus, feed on inert pellet food while their wild counterparts capture elusive prey. Differences in levels of prey elusivity often mandate the use of alternate methods of prey capture. This study examines whether elusivity-based variation in prey capture translates to a phenotypic change during skull development, and if this change results in a functional difference in the feeding mechanism. The developmental pattern of the skull was conserved between hatchery and wild bass until 80-99 mm TL. At this point, wild bass quickly developed morphological changes of the jaw apparatus including a more fusiform head and elongated jaw structures. Natural development in hatchery bass, however, was retarded at this size. Post-release, the skulls of hatchery fish converged towards those of wild bass by 135 mm TL. Despite variation in skull development, no theoretical advantage in food capture was found between these two groups.
C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Stockton, CA 95205 USA.
Univ S Florida, Dept Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA.
RP Wintzer, AP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 4001 N Wilson Way, Stockton, CA 95205 USA.
EM alpa@wintzer.us
RI Rohlf, F/A-8710-2008
NR 42
TC 19
Z9 20
U1 2
U2 9
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0906-6691
J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH
JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 14
IS 4
BP 311
EP 318
DI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2005.00105.x
PG 8
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 982EW
UT WOS:000233141700002
ER
PT J
AU Grenne, T
Slack, JF
AF Grenne, T
Slack, JF
TI Geochemistry of jasper beds from the Ordovician Lokken ophiolite,
Norway: Origin of proximal and distal siliceous exhalites
SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; EAST PACIFIC RISE; RARE-EARTH-ELEMENTS; DE-FUCA
RIDGE; HYDROTHERMAL PLUME PARTICLES; CENTRAL NORWEGIAN CALEDONIDES; SI
OXYHYDROXIDE DEPOSITS; MASSIVE SULFIDE DEPOSITS; WESTERN WOODLARK BASIN;
NORTH CLEFT SEGMENT
AB Stratiform beds of jasper (hematitic chert), composed essentially of SiO2 (69-95 wt %) and Fe2O3 (3-25 wt %), can be traced several kilometers along strike in the Ordovician Lokken ophiolite, Norway. These siliceous beds are closely associated with volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits and are interpreted as sea-floor gels that were deposited by fallout from hydrothermal plumes in silica-rich seawater, in which plume-derived Fe oxyhydroxide particles promoted flocculation and rapid settling of large (similar to 200 mu m) colloidal particles of silica-iron oayhydroxide.
Concentrations of chalcophile elements in the jasper beds are at the parts per million level implying that sulfide particle fallout was insignificant and that the Si-Fe gel-forming plumes were mainly derived from intermediate- (100 degrees-250 degrees C) to high-temperature (> 250 degrees C) white smoker-type vents with high Fe/S ratios. The interpreted setting is similar to that of the Lau basin, where high-temperature (280 degrees-334 degrees C) white smoker venting alternates or overlaps with sulfide mound-forming black smoker venting. Ratios of Al, Sc, Th, Hf, and REE to iron are very low and show that the detrital input was < 0.1 percent of the bulk jasper. Most jasper beds are enriched in U, V, P, and Mo relative to the North American Shale Composite, reflecting a predominantly seawater source, whereas REE distribution patterns (positive Eu and negative Ce anomalies) reflect variable mixing of hydrothermal solutions with oxic seawater at dilution ratios of similar to 10(2) to 10(4).
Trace element variations in the gel precursor to the jasper are thought to have been controlled by coprecipitation and/or adsorption by Fe oxyhydroxide particles that formed by the oxidation of hydrothermal Fe2+ within the variably seawater-diluted hydrothermal plume(s). Thick jasper layers near the Hoydal VMS orebody show distinct positive As/Fe and Sb/Fe anomalies that are attributed to near-vent rapid settling of Si-Fe particles derived from As- and Sb-rich hydrothermal fluids prior to extensive mixing with seawater in the buoyant plume. Particles that formed later in the highly diluted nonbuoyant plume formed relatively As and Sb poor distal jasper. The large particle sizes and accordingly high settling rates of the particles, together with mass-balance calculations based on modern vent field data, suggest that individual meter-thick jasper beds formed within a plume lifetime of 200 years or less. The lack of thick jasper beds near the Lokken VMS orebody, which is larger than the Hpydal orebody by more than two orders of magnitude probably reflects a shift to anoxic conditions during Lokken mineralization. This environment limited oxidation of iron in the hydrothermal plume and formation of the ferric oxyhydroxides necessary for the flocculation of silica and sea-floor deposition of the gel precursor of the jasper beds.
Distal pyritic and iron-poor cherts are more common than jasper in ancient VMS-hosting sequences. The origin of these other types of siliceous exhalite is enigmatic but at least in some cases involved sulfidation, reduction to magnetite, or dissolution of the original ferric iron in precursor Si-rich gels, either by hydrothermal or diagenetic processes.
C1 Geol Survey Norway, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Grenne, T (reprint author), Geol Survey Norway, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
EM tor.grenne@ngu.no
NR 94
TC 18
Z9 20
U1 1
U2 11
PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC
PI LITTLETON
PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA
SN 0361-0128
J9 ECON GEOL
JI Econ. Geol.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 100
IS 8
BP 1511
EP 1527
DI 10.2113/100.8.1511
PG 17
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 036NW
UT WOS:000237078800002
ER
PT J
AU Allen, CR
Gunderson, L
Johnson, AR
AF Allen, CR
Gunderson, L
Johnson, AR
TI The use of discontinuities and functional groups to assess relative
resilience in complex systems
SO ECOSYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE cross-scale; discontinuities; function; resilience; scale;
textural-discontinuity hypothesis
ID ECOLOGICAL RESILIENCE; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; SCALE; ECOSYSTEMS;
EXTINCTIONS; EXPLANATION; INVASIONS; LANDSCAPE; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS
AB It is evident when the resilience of a system has been exceeded and the system qualitatively changed. However, it is not clear how to measure resilience in a system prior to the demonstration that the capacity for resilient response has been exceeded. We argue that self-organizing human and natural systems are structured by a relatively small set of processes operating across scales in time and space. These structuring processes should generate a discontinuous distribution of structures and frequencies, where discontinuities mark the transition from one scale to another. Resilience is not driven by the identity of elements of a system, but rather by the functions those elements provide, and their distribution within and across scales. A self-organizing system that is resilient should maintain patterns of function within and across scales despite the turnover of specific elements ( for example, species, cities). However, the loss of functions, or a decrease in functional representation at certain scales will decrease system resilience. It follows that some distributions of function should be more resilient than others. We propose that the determination of discontinuities, and the quantification of function both within and across scales, produce relative measures of resilience in ecological and other systems. We describe a set of methods to assess the relative resilience of a system based upon the determination of discontinuities and the quantification of the distribution of functions in relation to those discontinuities.
C1 Clemson Univ, USGS S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA.
Emory Univ, Dept Environm Studies, Atlanta, GA USA.
Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA.
RP Allen, CR (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 103 Miller Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA.
EM callen3@unlnotes.unl.edu
NR 32
TC 74
Z9 75
U1 4
U2 68
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1432-9840
J9 ECOSYSTEMS
JI Ecosystems
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 8
IS 8
BP 958
EP 966
DI 10.1007/s10021-005-0147-x
PG 9
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 992HC
UT WOS:000233874000008
ER
PT J
AU Feist, GW
Webb, MAH
Gundersen, DT
Foster, EP
Schreck, CB
Maule, AG
Fitzpatrick, MS
AF Feist, GW
Webb, MAH
Gundersen, DT
Foster, EP
Schreck, CB
Maule, AG
Fitzpatrick, MS
TI Evidence of detrimental effects of environmental contaminants on growth
and reproductive physiology of white sturgeon in impounded areas of the
Columbia River
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
LA English
DT Article
DE endocrine-disrupting chemicals; growth; PCBs; pesticides; reproductive
physiology; sex steroids; white sturgeon
ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS;
ACIPENSER-TRANSMONTANUS; RAINBOW-TROUT; COHO SALMON; POTENTIAL
PRODUCTION; SEX; PROFILES; FISH; DIFFERENTIATION
AB This study sought to determine whether wild white sturgeon from the Columbia River (Oregon) were exhibiting signs of reproductive endocrine disruption. Fish were sampled in the free-flowing portion of the river (where the population is experiencing reproductive success) and from three reservoirs behind hydroelectric dams (where fish have reduced reproductive success). All of the 18 pesticides and almost all of the 28 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) that were analyzed in livers and gonads were detected in at least some of the tissue samples. Metabolites of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) [p,p'-dichlotodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and p,p'-1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chloropheny!)ethane (DDD)] were consistently found at relatively high levels in fish. Some males and immature females showed elevated plasma vitellogenin; however, concentrations were not correlated with any of the pesticides or PCBs analyzed. Negative correlations were found between a number of physiologic parameters and tissue burdens of toxicants. Plasma triglycerides and condition factor were negatively correlated with total DDT (DDD + DDE + DDT), total pesticides (all pesticides detected - total DDT), and PCBs. In males, plasma androgens and gonad size were negatively correlated with total DDT, total pesticides, and PCBs. Fish residing in the reservoir behind the oldest dam had the highest contaminant loads and incidence of gonadal abnormalities, and the lowest triglycerides, condition factor, gonad size, and plasma androgens. These data suggest that endocrine-disrupting chemicals may be accumulating behind dams over time. Overall, results of this study indicate that exposure to environmental contaminants may be affecting both growth and reproductive physiology of sturgeon in some areas of the Columbia River.
C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
Pacific Univ, Environm Sci Program, Forest Grove, OR USA.
Oregon Dept Environm Qual, Portland, OR USA.
Oregon State Univ, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Corvallis, OR USA.
US Geol Survey, Columbia River Res Lab, Biol Resources Div, Cook, WA USA.
RP Feist, GW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
EM feistg@onid.orst.edu
NR 34
TC 37
Z9 44
U1 2
U2 21
PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233,
RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA
SN 0091-6765
J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP
JI Environ. Health Perspect.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 113
IS 12
BP 1675
EP 1682
DI 10.1289/ehp.8072
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health; Toxicology
GA 989ZP
UT WOS:000233713200035
PM 16330346
ER
PT J
AU Vondracek, B
Blann, KL
Cox, CB
Nerbonne, JF
Mumford, KF
Nerbonne, BA
Sovell, LA
Zimmerman, JKH
AF Vondracek, B
Blann, KL
Cox, CB
Nerbonne, JF
Mumford, KF
Nerbonne, BA
Sovell, LA
Zimmerman, JKH
TI Land use, spatial scale, and stream systems: Lessons from an
agricultural region
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE water quality; habitat; riparian buffers; fish; macroinvertebrates
ID WATER-QUALITY; FISH COMMUNITIES; RIPARIAN FOREST; UNITED-STATES;
ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; WISCONSIN STREAMS; LIVESTOCK IMPACTS; BIOTIC
INTEGRITY; HABITAT QUALITY; DRIFTLESS AREA
AB We synthesized nine studies that examined the influence of land use at different spatial scales in structuring biotic assemblages and stream channel characteristics in southeastern Minnesota streams. Recent studies have disagreed about the relative importance of catchment versus local characteristics in explaining variation in fish assemblages. Our synthesis indicates that both riparian- and catchment-scale land use explained significant variation in water quality, channel morphology, and fish distribution and density. Fish and macroinvertebrate assemblages can be positively affected by increasing the extent of perennial riparian and upland vegetation. Our synthesis is robust; more than 425 stream reaches were examined in an area that includes a portion of three ecoregions. Fishes ranged from coldwater to warmwater adapted. We suggest that efforts to rehabilitate stream system form and function over the long term should focus on increasing perennial vegetation in both riparian areas and uplands and on managing vegetation in large, contiguous blocks.
C1 Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
Sustainable Conservat, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA.
Higher Educ Consortium Urban Affairs, St Paul, MN 55114 USA.
Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30307 USA.
Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Metro Reg Fisheries, St Paul, MN 55106 USA.
Minnesota Pollut Control Agcy, Div Environm Outcomes, Rivers & Streams Monitoring Unit, St Paul, MN 55155 USA.
Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
RP Vondracek, B (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 1980 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
EM bvondrac@umn.edu
NR 99
TC 41
Z9 41
U1 8
U2 34
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0364-152X
J9 ENVIRON MANAGE
JI Environ. Manage.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 36
IS 6
BP 775
EP 791
DI 10.1007/s00267-005-0039-z
PG 17
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 985QC
UT WOS:000233392000001
PM 16206018
ER
PT J
AU Leis, SA
Engle, DM
Leslie, DM
Fehmi, JS
AF Leis, SA
Engle, DM
Leslie, DM
Fehmi, JS
TI Effects of short- and long-term disturbance resulting from military
maneuvers on vegetation and soils in a mixed prairie area
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE community dynamics; intermediate disturbance hypothesis; military
disturbance; mixed-grass prairie; richness; soil carbon; vehicular
tracking
ID PLANT-SPECIES DIVERSITY; DETRENDED CORRESPONDENCE-ANALYSIS; TALLGRASS
PRAIRIE; INTERMEDIATE DISTURBANCE; ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; COMMUNITY
STRUCTURE; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; GRASSLAND SOILS; ORGANIC-MATTER;
NORTH-AMERICA
AB Loss of grassland species resulting from activities such as off-road vehicle use increases the need for models that predict effects of anthropogenic disturbance. The relationship of disturbance by military training to plant species richness and composition on two soils (Foard and Lawton) in a mixed prairie area was investigated. Track cover (cover of vehicle disturbance to the soil) and soil organic carbon were selected as measures of short- and long-term disturbance, respectively. Soil and vegetation data, collected in 1-m(2) quadrats, were analyzed at three spatial scales (60, 10, and 1 m(2)). Plant species richness peaked at intermediate levels of soil organic carbon at the 10-m(2) and 1-m(2) spatial scales on both the Lawton and Foard soils, and at intermediate levels of track cover at all three spatial scales on the Foard soil. Species composition differed across the disturbance gradient on the Foard soil but not on the Lawton soil. Disturbance increased total plant species richness on the Foard soil. The authors conclude that disturbance up to intermediate levels can be used to maintain biodiversity by enriching the plant species pool.
C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA.
Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA.
USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Ecol Proc Branch, Champaign, IL 61822 USA.
RP Leis, SA (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, 368 N Agr Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA.
EM sherry.leis@mdc.mo.gov
OI Fehmi, Jeffrey/0000-0003-0618-9740
NR 91
TC 15
Z9 17
U1 1
U2 19
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0364-152X
J9 ENVIRON MANAGE
JI Environ. Manage.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 36
IS 6
BP 849
EP 861
DI 10.1007/s00267-004-0373-6
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 985QC
UT WOS:000233392000006
PM 16215649
ER
PT J
AU Frimpong, E
Sutton, TM
Engel, BA
Simon, TP
AF Frimpong, E
Sutton, TM
Engel, BA
Simon, TP
TI Spatial-scale effects on relative importance of physical habitat
predictors of stream health
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE scale; habitat; predictive models; stream health; biotic integrity; fish
ID SOIL LOSS EQUATION; RIPARIAN ZONES; LAND-USE; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION;
BIOTIC INTEGRITY; FISH COMMUNITIES; FOREST ECOREGION; NORTHERN LAKES;
WATER-QUALITY; ECOLOGY
AB A common theme in recent landscape studies is the comparison of riparian and watershed land use as predictors of stream health. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of reach-scale habitat and remotely assessed watershed-scale habitat as predictors of stream health over varying spatial extents. Stream health was measured with scores on a fish index of biotic integrity (IBI) using data from 95 stream reaches in the Eastern Corn Belt Plain (ECBP) ecoregion of Indiana. Watersheds hierarchically nested within the ecoregion were used to regroup sampling locations to represent varying spatial extents. Reach habitat was represented by metrics of a qualitative habitat evaluation index, whereas watershed variables were represented by riparian forest, geomorphology, and hydrologic indices. The importance of reach- versus watershed-scale variables was measured by multiple regression model adjusted-R-2 and best subset comparisons in the general linear statistical framework. Watershed models had adjusted-R-2 ranging from 0.25 to 0.93 and reach models had adjusted-R-2 ranging from 0.09 to 0.86. Better-fitting models were associated with smaller spatial extents. Watershed models explained about 15% more variation in IBI scores than reach models on average. Variety of surficial geology contributed to decline in model predictive power. Results should be interpreted bearing in mind that reach habitat was qualitatively measured and only fish assemblages were used to measure stream health. Riparian forest and length-slope (LS) factor were the most important watershed-scale variables and mostly positively correlated with IBI scores, whereas substrate and riffle-pool quality were the important reach-scale variables in the ECBP.
C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bloomington Field Off, Bloomington, IN 47403 USA.
RP Sutton, TM (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 715 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
EM tsutton@purdue.edu
RI Sutton, Trent/E-9281-2010; Simon, Thomas/B-4075-2012;
OI Simon, Thomas/0000-0003-4393-4703
NR 71
TC 23
Z9 25
U1 2
U2 20
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0364-152X
J9 ENVIRON MANAGE
JI Environ. Manage.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 36
IS 6
BP 899
EP 917
DI 10.1007/s00267-004-0357-6
PG 19
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 985QC
UT WOS:000233392000010
PM 16261278
ER
PT J
AU Sorensen, JA
Kallemeyn, LW
Sydor, M
AF Sorensen, JA
Kallemeyn, LW
Sydor, M
TI Relationship between mercury accumulation in young-of-the-year yellow
perch and water-level fluctuations
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID FISH; DEPOSITION; MINNESOTA; LAKES
AB A three-year(2001-2003) monitoring effort of 14 northeastern Minnesota lakes was conducted to document relationships between water-level fluctuations and mercury bioaccumulation in young-of-the-year (YOY) yellow perch (Perca flavescens) collected in the fall of each year at fixed locations. Six of those lakes are located within or adjacent to Voyageurs National Park and are influenced by dams on the outlets of Rainy and Namakan lakes. One site on Sand Point Lake coincides with a location that has nine years of previous monitoring suitable for addressing the same issue over a longer time frame. Mean mercury concentrations in YOY yellow perch at each sampling location varied significantly from year to year. For the 12-year monitoring site on Sand Point Lake, values ranged from 38 ng gww(-1) in 1998 to 200 ng gww(-1) in 2001. For the 14-lake study, annual mean concentrations ranged by nearly a factor of 2, on average, for each lake over the three years of record. One likely factor responsible for these wide variations is that annual water-level fluctuations are strongly correlated with mercury levels in YOY perch for both data sets.
C1 Univ Minnesota, Environm Phys Lab, Duluth, MN 55812 USA.
US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Int Falls Biol Stn, Int Falls, MN 56649 USA.
RP Sorensen, JA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Environm Phys Lab, 10 Univ Dr, Duluth, MN 55812 USA.
EM jsorense@d.umn.edu
NR 21
TC 43
Z9 45
U1 1
U2 30
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD DEC 1
PY 2005
VL 39
IS 23
BP 9237
EP 9243
DI 10.1021/es050471r
PG 7
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 989ZK
UT WOS:000233712700039
PM 16382948
ER
PT J
AU Hoffman, DJ
Spalding, MG
Frederick, PC
AF Hoffman, DJ
Spalding, MG
Frederick, PC
TI Subchronic effects of methylmercury on plasma and organ biochemistries
in great egret nestlings
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE great egret; mercury; chicks; subchronic; oxidative stress
ID LOONS GAVIA-IMMER; OXIDATIVE STRESS; SOUTHERN FLORIDA; WADING BIRDS;
ARDEA-ALBUS; GLUTATHIONE METABOLISM; MERCURY CONTAMINATION; METHYL
MERCURY; AQUATIC BIRDS; SELENIUM
AB In recent years. high concentrations of mercury have been found in wading birds in Florida, USA. Great egret (Ardea alba) chicks (2 weeks old) were dosed orally daily with the equivalent of 0, 0.5. or 5 mu g/g Hg as methylmercury chloride in the diet for up to 12 weeks. Weakness of the legs or paralysis occurred in all hi-h-dosed birds. Geometric mean blood Hg concentrations were 0.17, 10.3, and 78.5 mu g/g (wet wt), respectively. Mercury concentrations for organs (mu g/g wet wt), including brain (0.22, 3.4, and 35, respectively), liver (0.34, 15.1, 138, respectively), and kidney (0.28, 8.1, and 120, respectively), increased ill a dose-dependent manner. Total glutathione (GSH) peroxidase activity was significantly lower in the plasma, brain, liver, and kidney of the high-dosed group. Plasma aspartate aminotransferase activity increased with mercury treatment, whereas lactate dehydrogenase activity decreased. Four other plasma chemistries were decreased significantly in the high-dosed group and included uric acid, total protein, albumin, and inorganic phosphorus. Lipid peroxidation increased in liver (low and high dose) and brain (high dose). Tissue changes in concentrations of reduced thiols included decreased total thiols and protein-bound thiols in liver, decreased protein-bound thiols in kidney, and increased GSH in kidney and brain. Activities of GSH S-transferase and oxidized glutathione reductase increased in liver. In kidney, GSH S-transferase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities increased with mercury dose. These findings, including apparent compensatory changes, are compared to other Hg studies where oxidative stress was reported in egrets, herons, and diving ducks in the field and mallards in the laboratory.
C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
RP US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, BARC-E Bldg 308, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
EM david_hoffman@usgs.gov
NR 46
TC 32
Z9 33
U1 1
U2 11
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0730-7268
EI 1552-8618
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 24
IS 12
BP 3078
EP 3084
DI 10.1897/04-570.1
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 989ZU
UT WOS:000233713700011
PM 16445088
ER
PT J
AU Ganju, NK
Schoellhamer, DH
Bergamaschi, BA
AF Ganju, NK
Schoellhamer, DH
Bergamaschi, BA
TI Suspended sediment fluxes in a tidal wetland: Measurement, controlling
factors, and error analysis
SO ESTUARIES
LA English
DT Article
ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; SALT-MARSH; SEA-LEVEL; DEPOSITION; TRANSPORT;
ESTUARY; SURFACE; FLOW
AB Suspended sediment fluxes to and from tidal wetlands are of increasing concern because of habitat restoration efforts, wetland sustainability as sea level rises, and potential contaminant accumulation. We measured water and sediment fluxes through two channels on Browns Island, at the landward end of San Francisco Bay, United States, to determine the factors that control sediment fluxes on and off the island. In situ instrumentation was deployed between October 10 and November 13, 2003. Acoustic Doppler current profilers and the index velocity method were employed to calculate water fluxes. Suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) were determined with optical sensors and cross-sectional water sampling. All procedures were analyzed for their contribution to total error in the flux measurement. The inability to dose the water balance and determination of constituent concentration were identified as the main sources of error; total error was 27% for net sediment flux. The water budget for the island was computed with an unaccounted input of 0.20 m(3) s(-1) (22% of mean inflow), after considering channel flow, change in water storage, evapotranspiration, and precipitation. The net imbalance may be a combination of groundwater seepage, overland flow, and flow through minor channels. Change of island water storage, caused by local variations in water surface elevation, dominated the tidally averaged water flux. These variations were mainly caused by wind and barometric pressure change, which alter regional water levels throughout the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta. Peak instantaneous ebb flow was 35% greater than peak flood flow, indicating an ebb-dominant system, though dominance varied with the spring-neap cycle. SSC were controlled by wind-wave resuspension adjacent to the island and local tidal currents that mobilized sediment from the channel bed. During neap tides sediment was imported onto the island but during spring tides sediment was exported because the main channel became ebb dominant. Over the 34-d monitoring period 14,000 kg of suspended sediment were imported through the two channels. The water imbalance may affect the sediment balance if the unmeasured water transport pathways are capable of transporting large amounts of sediment. We estimate a maximum of 29800 kg of sediment may have been exported through unmeasured pathways, giving a minimum net import of 11,200 kg. Sediment flux measurements provide insight on tidal to fortnightly marsh sedimentation processes, especially in complex systems where sedimentation is spatially and temporally variable.
C1 US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA.
RP Ganju, NK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Placer Hall,6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA.
EM nganju@usgs.gov
RI Ganju, Neil/P-4409-2014;
OI Bergamaschi, Brian/0000-0002-9610-5581; Ganju, Neil/0000-0002-1096-0465
NR 32
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 1
U2 17
PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION
PI LAWRENCE
PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0160-8347
J9 ESTUARIES
JI Estuaries
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 28
IS 6
BP 812
EP 822
DI 10.1007/BF02696011
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 002US
UT WOS:000234637800002
ER
PT J
AU Whelan, KRT
Smith, TJ
Cahoon, DR
Lynch, JC
Anderson, GH
AF Whelan, KRT
Smith, TJ
Cahoon, DR
Lynch, JC
Anderson, GH
TI Groundwater control of mangrove surface elevation: Shrink and swell
varies with soil depth
SO ESTUARIES
LA English
DT Article
ID HIGH-PRECISION MEASUREMENTS; SEDIMENTATION-EROSION TABLE; WATER STORAGE;
WETLAND; MARSH; PEAT; DISPERSAL; ACCRETION; GROWTH
AB We measured monthly soil surface elevation change and determined its relationship to groundwater changes at a mangrove forest site along Shark River, Everglades National Park, Florida. We combined the use of an original design, surface elevation table with new rod-surface elevation tables to separately track changes in the mid zone (0-4 m), the shallow root zone (0-0.35 m), and the full sediment profile (0-6 m) in response to site hydrology (daily river stage and daily groundwater piezometric pressure). We calculated expansion and contraction for each of the four constituent soil zones (surface [accretion and erosion; above 0 m], shallow zone [0-0.35 m], middle zone [0.35-4 m], and bottom zone [4-6 m]) that comprise the entire soil column. Changes in groundwater pressure correlated strongly with changes in soil elevation for the entire profile (Adjusted R-2 = 0.90); this relationship was not proportional to the depth of the soil profile sampled. The change in thickness of the bottom soil zone accounted for the majority (R-2 = 0.63) of the entire soil profile expansion and contraction. The influence of hydrology on specific soil zones and absolute elevation change must be considered when evaluating the effect of disturbances, sea level rise, and water management decisions on coastal wetland systems.
C1 S Florida Caribbean Inventory & Monitoring Networ, Natl Pk Serv, Miami, FL 33157 USA.
Florida Int Univ, Florida Sci Ctr, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA.
US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Homestead, FL 33034 USA.
RP Whelan, KRT (reprint author), S Florida Caribbean Inventory & Monitoring Networ, Natl Pk Serv, 18001 Old Cutler Rd Suite 419, Miami, FL 33157 USA.
EM Kevin_R_Whelan@nps.gov
NR 33
TC 46
Z9 48
U1 4
U2 28
PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION
PI LAWRENCE
PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0160-8347
J9 ESTUARIES
JI Estuaries
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 28
IS 6
BP 833
EP 843
DI 10.1007/BF02696013
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 002US
UT WOS:000234637800004
ER
PT J
AU Sumner, DM
Belaineh, G
AF Sumner, DM
Belaineh, G
TI Evaporation, precipitation, and associated salinity changes at a humid,
subtropical estuary
SO ESTUARIES
LA English
DT Article
ID LOSSES; SYSTEM; RATIO
AB The distilling effect of evaporation and the diluting effect of precipitation on salinity at two estuarine sites in the humid subtropical setting of the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, were evaluated based on daily evaporation computed with an energy-budget method and measured precipitation. Despite the larger magnitude of evaporation (about 1,580 min yr(-1)) compared to precipitation (about 1,180 min yr(-1)) between February 2002 and January 2004, the variability of monthly precipitation induced salinity changes was more than twice the variability of evaporation induced changes. Use of a constant, mean value of evaporation, along with measured values of daily precipitation, were sufficient to produce simulated salinity changes that contained little monthly (root-mean-square error = 0.33%. mo(-1) and 0.52%o mo(-1) at the two sites) or cumulative error (< 1 parts per thousand yr(-1)) compared to simulations that used computed daily values of evaporation. This result indicates that measuring the temporal variability in evaporation may not be critical to simulation of salinity within the lagoon. Comparison of evaporation and precipitation induced salinity changes with measured salinity changes indicates that evaporation and precipitation explained only 4% of the changes in salinity within a flow-through area of the lagoon; surface water and ocean inflows probably accounted for most of the variability in salinity at this site. Evaporation and precipitation induced salinity changes explained 61% of the variability in salinity at a flow-restricted part of the lagoon.
C1 US Geol Survey, Altamonte Springs, FL 32714 USA.
St Johns River Water Management Dist, Dept Water Resources, Palatka, FL 32178 USA.
RP Sumner, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 224 W Cent Pkwy Suite 1006, Altamonte Springs, FL 32714 USA.
EM dmsumner@usgs.gov
NR 40
TC 19
Z9 20
U1 3
U2 13
PU ESTUARINE RESEARCH FEDERATION
PI PORT REPUBLIC
PA 2018 DAFFODIL, PO BOX 510, PORT REPUBLIC, MD 20676 USA
SN 0160-8347
J9 ESTUARIES
JI Estuaries
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 28
IS 6
BP 844
EP 855
DI 10.1007/BF02696014
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 002US
UT WOS:000234637800005
ER
PT J
AU Jennings, CA
Will, TA
Reinert, TR
AF Jennings, CA
Will, TA
Reinert, TR
TI Efficacy of a high- and low-frequency ultrasonic probe for measuring
ovary volume and estimating fecundity of striped bass Morone saxatilis
in the Savannah River Estuary
SO FISHERIES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE ultrasonic imaging; striped bass; fecundity; linear array probe; curved
array probe; ultrasound frequency
ID ATLANTIC SALMON; DETERMINE SEX; ULTRASONOGRAPHY; MATURATION; DIAGNOSIS;
SALAR; TOOL; L.
AB Over the past few decades, ultrasonography has been used intermittently as a non-invasive, diagnostic tool for evaluating a variety of conditions in aquatic organisms. There has been a recent upsurge in scientific articles in which ultrasound images were used as a diagnostic tool, and the predominant use was to evaluate gender and other reproductive issues. Ultrasonography equipment is available in a variety of configurations, but we are unaware of any published literature that evaluates the efficacy of the various probe types for diverse uses (e.g., anatomical and physiological examinations). In this paper, we compare striped bass ovary volume and fecundity data based on ultrasonic images produced by probes with different frequencies and array types and offer considerations for determining which frequency or array type best facilitates various potential applications. Both the 3.5/5.0 MHz and the 6.0/8.0 MHz probes were equally effective in determining striped bass sex, but not for determining ovary volume. The 3.5/5.0 MHz curved array probe offered the best resolution of female striped bass ovaries. However, ovary area measurements had to be performed in the field because the curved images were incompatible with the image analysis software used in the lab. The 6.0/8.0 MHz linear array probe provided only partial images of ovaries in striped bass > 850 mm, and estimates of ovary area were based on several scanned and recorded images. However, the 6.0/8.0 MHz linear array probe has the advantage of a field scan, which can be recorded and later calibrated to computer image analysis software in the lab. Careful consideration of the type of animal and parts of its anatomy to be imaged as well as the image acquisition and processing circumstances should be undertaken to ensure that the ultrasonic imaging technology used is appropriate to the task. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
RP Jennings, CA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
EM jennings@uga.edu
NR 24
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-7836
J9 FISH RES
JI Fish Res.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 76
IS 3
BP 445
EP 453
DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2005.07.016
PG 9
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 980FY
UT WOS:000233001000012
ER
PT J
AU Troutman, BM
AF Troutman, BM
TI Scaling of flow distance in random self-similar channel networks
SO FRACTALS-COMPLEX GEOMETRY PATTERNS AND SCALING IN NATURE AND SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE random self-similar network; recursive replacement tree; branching
process; drainage basin allometry; width function; Horton-Strahler
ordering
ID SIMILAR RIVER NETWORKS; WIDTH FUNCTION; TREES; LAWS; MODELS
AB Natural river channel networks have been shown in empirical studies to exhibit power-law scaling behavior characteristic of self-similar and self-affine structures. Of particular interest is to describe how the distribution of distance to the outlet changes as a function of network size. In this paper, networks are modeled as random self-similar rooted tree graphs and scaling of distance to the root is studied using methods in stochastic branching theory. In particular, the asymptotic expectation of the width function (number of nodes as a function of distance to the outlet) is derived tinder conditions on the replacement generators. It is demonstrated further that; the branching number describing rate of growth of node distance to the outlet is identical to the length ratio under a Horton-Strahler ordering scheme as order gets large, again tinder certain restrictions on the generators. These results are discussed in relation to drainage basin allometry and an application to an actual drainage network is presented.
C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
RP Troutman, BM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,Mail Stop 413, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
EM troutman@usgs.gov
NR 30
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 4
PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD
PI SINGAPORE
PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE
SN 0218-348X
J9 FRACTALS
JI Fractals-Complex Geom. Patterns Scaling Nat. Soc.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 13
IS 4
BP 265
EP 282
DI 10.1142/S0218348X05002945
PG 18
WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Mathematics; Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 996HQ
UT WOS:000234165400002
ER
PT J
AU Booth, RK
Hotchkiss, SC
Wilcox, DA
AF Booth, RK
Hotchkiss, SC
Wilcox, DA
TI Discoloration of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tape as a proxy for
water-table depth in peatlands: validation and assessment of seasonal
variability
SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE hydrological indicator; reducing conditions; water depth; wetlands
ID NETHERLANDS; VEGETATION; WISCONSIN; MAXIMUM; MIRES
AB 1. Discoloration of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tape has been used in peatland ecological and hydrological studies as an inexpensive way to monitor changes in water-table depth and reducing conditions.
2. We investigated the relationship between depth of PVC tape discoloration and measured water-table depth at monthly time steps during the growing season within nine kettle peatlands of northern Wisconsin. Our specific objectives were to: (1) determine if PVC discoloration is an accurate method of inferring water-table depth in Sphagnum-dominated kettle peatlands of the region; (2) assess seasonal variability in the accuracy of the method; and (3) determine if systematic differences in accuracy occurred among microhabitats, PVC tape colour and peatlands.
3. Our results indicated that PVC tape discoloration can be used to describe gradients of water-table depth in kettle peatlands. However, accuracy differed among the peatlands studied, and was systematically biased in early spring and late summer/autumn. Regardless of the month when the tape was installed, the highest elevations of PVC tape discoloration showed the strongest correlation with midsummer (around July) water-table depth and average water-table depth during the growing season.
4. The PVC tape discoloration method should be used cautiously when precise estimates are needed of seasonal changes in the water-table.
C1 Univ Wisconsin, Inst Environm Studies, Ctr Climat Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
RP Booth, RK (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Inst Environm Studies, Ctr Climat Res, 1153 Atmos Ocn & Space Sci Bldg,1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM rkbooth@wisc.edu
RI Booth, Robert/G-5563-2010
NR 21
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 3
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0269-8463
J9 FUNCT ECOL
JI Funct. Ecol.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 19
IS 6
BP 1040
EP 1047
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2005.01048.x
PG 8
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 994JR
UT WOS:000234028500018
ER
PT J
AU Jaisi, DP
Kukkadapu, RK
Eberl, DD
Dong, HL
AF Jaisi, DP
Kukkadapu, RK
Eberl, DD
Dong, HL
TI Control of Fe(III) site occupancy on the rate and extent of microbial
reduction of Fe(III) in nontronite
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Article
ID HYDROUS FERRIC-OXIDE; DIOCTAHEDRAL SMECTITES; MOSSBAUER-SPECTROSCOPY;
CLAY-MINERALS; STRUCTURAL FE(III); CRYSTAL-CHEMISTRY; ELECTRON-TRANSFER;
IRON REDUCTION; GREEN RUST; DISSOLUTION
AB A quantitative study was performed to understand how Fe(III) site occupancy controls Fe(III) bioreduction in nontronite by Shewanella putrefaciens CN32. NAu-1 and NAu-2 were nontronites and contained Fe(III) in different structural sites with 16 and 23% total iron (w/w), respectively, with almost all iron as Fe(III). Mossbauer spectroscopy showed that Fe(III) was present in the octahedral site in NAu-1 (with a small amount of goethite), but in both the tetrahedral and the octahedral sites in NAu-2. Mossbauer data further showed that the octahedral Fe(III) in NAu-2 existed in at least two environments- trans (M1) and cis (M2) sites. The microbial Fe(III) reduction in NAu-1 and NAu-2 was studied in batch cultures at a nontronite concentration of 5 mg/mL in bicarbonate buffer with lactate as the electron donor. The unreduced and bioreduced nontronites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Mossbauer spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In the presence of an electron shuttle, anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS), the extent of bioreduction was 11%-16% for NAu-1 but 28%-32% for NAu-2. The extent of reduction in the absence of AQDS was only 5%-7% for NAu-1 but 14%-18% for NAu-2. The control experiments with heat killed cells and without cells did not show any appreciable reduction (< 2%). The extent of reduction in experiments performed with a dialysis membrane to separate cells from clays (without AQDS) was 2%-3% for NAu-1 but 5%-7% for NAu-2, suggesting that cells probably released an electron shuttling compound and/or Fe(III) chelator. The reduction rate was also faster in NAu-2 than that in NAu-1. Mossbauer data of the bioreduced nontronite materials indicated that the Fe(III) reduction in NAu-1 was mostly from the presence of goethite, whereas the reduction in NAu-2 was due to the presence of the tetrahedral and trans-octahedral Fe(III) in the structure. The measured aqueous Fe(II) was negligible. As a result of bioreduction, the average nontronite particle thickness remained nearly the same (from 2.1 to 2.5 nm) for NAu-1, but decreased significantly from 6 to 3.5 nm for NAu-2 with a concomitant change in crystal size distribution. The decrease in crystal size suggests reductive dissolution of nontronite NAu-2, which was supported by aqueous solution chemistry (i.e., aqueous Si). These data suggest that the more extensive Fe(III) bioreduction in NAu-2 was due to the presence of the tetrahedral and the trans-octahedral Fe(III), which was presumed to be more reducible. The biogenic Fe(II) was not associated with biogenic solids or in the aqueous solution. We infer that it may be either adsorbed onto surfaces of nontronite particles/bacteria or in the structure of nontronite. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that natural nontronite clays were capable of supporting cell growth even in medium without added nutrients, possibly due to presence of naturally existing nutrients in the nontronite clays. These results suggest that crystal chemical environment of Fe(III) is an important determinant in controlling the rate and extent of microbial reduction of Fe(III) in nontronite. Copyright (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd.
C1 Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA.
Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RP Dong, HL (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA.
EM dongh@muohio.edu
NR 57
TC 73
Z9 77
U1 3
U2 27
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
EI 1872-9533
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD DEC 1
PY 2005
VL 69
IS 23
BP 5429
EP 5440
DI 10.1016/j.gca.2005.07.008
PG 12
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 999TP
UT WOS:000234413700004
ER
PT J
AU Schoonmaker, A
Kidd, WSF
Bradley, DC
AF Schoonmaker, A
Kidd, WSF
Bradley, DC
TI Foreland-forearc collisional granitoid and mafic magmatism caused by
lower-plate lithospheric slab breakoff: The Acadian of Maine, and other
orogens
SO GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Acadian orogeny; lithospheric slab breakoff; foredeep magmatism; outer
trench slope normal faults; Papuan orogeny
ID PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; NORTHERN APPALACHIANS; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; CONSTRAINTS;
GEOCHEMISTRY; DELAMINATION; BELT
AB During collisional convergence, failure in extension of the lithosphere of the lower plate due to slab pull will reduce the thickness or completely remove lower-plate lithosphere and cause decompression melting of the asthenospheric mantle; magmas from this source may subsequently provide enough heat for substantial partial melting of crustal rocks under or beyond the toe of the collisional accretionary system. In central Maine, United States, this type of magmatism is first apparent in the Early Devonian West Branch Volcanics and equivalent mafic volcanics, in the slightly younger voluminous mafic/silicic magmatic event of the Moxie Gabbro-Katahdin batholith and related ignimbrite volcanism, and in other Early Devonian granitic plutons. Similar lower-plate collisional sequences with mafic and related silicic magmatism probably caused by slab breakoff are seen in the Miocene-Holocene Papuan orogen, and the Hercynian-Alleghenian belt. Magmatism of this type is significant because it gives evidence in those examples of whole-lithosphere extension. We infer that normal fault systems in outer trench slopes of collisional orogens in general, and possibly those of oceanic subduction zones, may not be primarily due to flexural bending, but are also driven by whole-lithosphere extension due to slab pull. The Maine Acadian example suggests that slab failure and this type of magmatism may be promoted by preexisting large margin-parallel faults in the lower plate.
C1 Univ Vermont, Dept Geol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA.
Univ Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA.
US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
RP Schoonmaker, A (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Geol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA.
NR 37
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 5
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 0091-7613
J9 GEOLOGY
JI Geology
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 33
IS 12
BP 961
EP 964
DI 10.1130/G21832.1
PG 4
WC Geology
SC Geology
GA 991XV
UT WOS:000233849100011
ER
PT J
AU Andrews, DJ
Harris, RA
AF Andrews, DJ
Harris, RA
TI The wrinkle-like slip pulse is not important in earthquake dynamics
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID DISSIMILAR MATERIALS; MATERIAL INTERFACE; RUPTURE; FAULT; ZONE
AB A particular solution for slip on an interface between different elastic materials, the wrinkle-like slip pulse, propagates in only one direction with reduced normal compressive stress. More general solutions, and natural earthquakes, need not share those properties. In a 3D dynamic model with a drop in friction and heterogeneous initial stress, the wrinkle-like slip pulse is only a small part of the solution. Rupture propagation is determined primarily by the potential stress drop, not by the wrinkle-like slip pulse. A 2D calculation with much finer resolution shows that energy loss to friction might not be significantly reduced in the wrinkle-like slip pulse.
C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Andrews, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM jandrews@usgs.gov; harris@usgs.gov
RI Harris, Ruth/C-4184-2013
OI Harris, Ruth/0000-0002-9247-0768
NR 11
TC 26
Z9 27
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD DEC 1
PY 2005
VL 32
IS 23
AR L23303
DI 10.1029/2005GL023996
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 993EH
UT WOS:000233935700004
ER
PT J
AU Cushing, GE
Titus, TN
Christensen, PR
AF Cushing, GE
Titus, TN
Christensen, PR
TI THEMIS VIS and IR observations of a high-altitude Martian dust devil
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID MARS PATHFINDER
AB The Mars Odyssey Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) imaged a Martian dust devil in both visible and thermal-infrared wavelengths on January 30, 2004. We believe this is the first documented infrared observation of an extraterrestrial dust devil, and the highest to be directly observed at more than 16 kilometers above the equatorial geoid of Mars. This dust devil measured over 700 meters in height and 375 meters across, and the strongest infrared signature was given by atmospheric dust absorption in the 9-micron range (THEMIS IR band 5). In addition to having formed in the extremely low-pressure environment of about 1 millibar, this dust devil is of particular interest because it was observed at 16: 06 local time. This is an unusually late time of day to find dust devils on Mars, during a period when rapid surface cooling typically reduces the boundary-layer turbulence necessary to form these convective vortices. Understanding the mechanisms for dust-devil formation under such extreme circumstances will help to constrain theories of atmospheric dynamics, and of dust lifting and transport mechanisms on Mars.
C1 US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
RP Cushing, GE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
EM gcushing@usgs.gov
NR 16
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD DEC 1
PY 2005
VL 32
IS 23
AR L23202
DI 10.1029/2005GL024478
PG 3
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 993EH
UT WOS:000233935700007
ER
PT J
AU Harris, RA
Day, SM
AF Harris, RA
Day, SM
TI Material contrast does not predict earthquake rupture propagation
direction
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID DISSIMILAR MATERIALS; DYNAMIC RUPTURE; FAULT RUPTURE; SLIP-PULSE;
PARKFIELD; CALIFORNIA; SIMULATION; INTERFACE; ZONE
AB Earthquakes often occur on faults that juxtapose different rocks. The result is rupture behavior that differs from that of an earthquake occurring on a fault in a homogeneous material. Previous 2D numerical simulations have studied simple cases of earthquake rupture propagation where there is a material contrast across a fault and have come to two different conclusions: 1) earthquake rupture propagation direction can be predicted from the material contrast, and 2) earthquake rupture propagation direction cannot be predicted from the material contrast. In this paper we provide observational evidence from 70 years of earthquakes at Parkfield, CA, and new 3D numerical simulations. Both the observations and the numerical simulations demonstrate that earthquake rupture propagation direction is unlikely to be predictable on the basis of a material contrast.
C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA.
RP Harris, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM harris@usgs.gov; day@moho.sdsu.edu
RI Harris, Ruth/C-4184-2013
OI Harris, Ruth/0000-0002-9247-0768
NR 25
TC 42
Z9 43
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD DEC 1
PY 2005
VL 32
IS 23
AR L23301
DI 10.1029/2005GL023941
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 993EH
UT WOS:000233935700003
ER
PT J
AU Applegate, D
AF Applegate, D
TI A year of living dangerously
SO GEOTIMES
LA English
DT News Item
C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA.
RP Applegate, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA.
EM applegate@usgs.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 USA
SN 0016-8556
J9 GEOTIMES
JI Geotimes
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 50
IS 12
BP 19
EP 21
PG 3
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 990TO
UT WOS:000233766300019
ER
PT J
AU Mazerolle, MJ
Huot, M
Gravel, M
AF Mazerolle, MJ
Huot, M
Gravel, M
TI Behavior of amphibians on the road in response to car traffic
SO HERPETOLOGICA
LA English
DT Article
DE automobile; field experiment; frogs; headlights; highway mortality;
movement; salamanders
ID ANTIPREDATOR BEHAVIOR; RANA-PIPIENS; MORTALITY; FROGS; POPULATIONS;
MAMMALS; INFORMATION; REDUCTION; MOVEMENTS; SIRTALIS
AB Nocturnal car traffic often results in amphibian casualties, especially during rain), nights. The behavior of amphibians presumably influences their vulnerability to mortality oil the road, but this hypothesis remains untested. We investigated the behavioral response of individuals of six species of amphibians on roads when confronted by an approaching vehicle. We first conducted a field study consisting of 50 night-driving surveys over 4 yr during which we recorded the behavior (i.e., moving, or immobile) of frogs, toads, tree frogs, and salamanders encountered oil a 20-km stretch of road. In in effort to tease apart the effects of headlights and the sound of motors on amphibian behavior, we carried out a field experiment oil a test road where we exposed individuals to different car-associated stimuli. Here, we tested the hypothesis that simultaneous exposure to headlights and the sound of a car motor would elicit a stronger response than exposure to a single stimulus or a control. Based oil the observations of the 2767 individuals in the field survey, immobility was the most common response to the approach of a car (mean probability of 0.82 of remaining immobile); the response differed across species bot depended oil the season of the survey (May-June vs. July-September). Similarly, the 91 individuals included in the field experiment were more likely to move (hiring the control treatment than during any of the car-associated treatments. The combined stimuli elicited the strongest response, followed by the headliglits-only and the motor-only treatments. Spring peepers (Pseudacris crucifer) tended to move more often than the other species we tested in the field experiment, which suggests they spend less time on the road and are less vulnerable to traffic mortality than other species. Both the field survey and field experiment consistently, indicated that amphibians tend to remain immobile at the approach of a vehicle. This behavior highlights the vulnerability of amphibians to road traffic and should be considered in measures to mitigate road impacts.
C1 Univ Laval, Ctr Rech Biol Forestiere, Ste Foy, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada.
Univ Moncton, Dept Biol, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada.
RP USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
EM mmazerolle@usgs.gov
OI Huot, Matthieu/0000-0002-7750-5715; Mazerolle, Marc/0000-0002-0486-0310
NR 49
TC 38
Z9 41
U1 4
U2 30
PU HERPETOLOGISTS LEAGUE
PI EMPORIA
PA EMPORIA STATE UNIV, DIVISION BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 1200 COMMERCIAL ST,
EMPORIA, KS 66801-5087 USA
SN 0018-0831
EI 1938-5099
J9 HERPETOLOGICA
JI Herpetologica
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 61
IS 4
BP 380
EP 388
DI 10.1655/04-79.1
PG 9
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 987KS
UT WOS:000233517400005
ER
PT J
AU Anderson, L
Abbott, MB
Finney, BP
Edwards, ME
AF Anderson, L
Abbott, MB
Finney, BP
Edwards, ME
TI Palaeohydrology of the Southwest Yukon Territory, Canada, based on
multiproxy analyses of lake sediment cores from a depth transect
SO HOLOCENE
LA English
DT Article
DE lake-level; effective moisture; palaeoclimate; palaeolimnology; carbon
isotopes; nitrogen isotopes; Yukon Territory; Canada; Holocene
ID VEGETATION HISTORY; CENTRAL ALASKA; NORTH PACIFIC; WHITE-RIVER; CLIMATE;
CALCITE; POLLEN; COAST; BP; RECONSTRUCTIONS
AB Lake-level variations at Marcella Lake, a small, hydrologically closed lake in the southwestern Yukon Territory, document changes in effective moisture since the early Holocene. Former water levels, driven by regional palaeohydrology, were reconstructed by multiproxy analyses of sediment cores from four sites spanning shallow to deep water. Marcella Lake today is thermally stratified, being protected from wind by its position in a depression. It is alkaline and undergoes bio-induced calcification. Relative accumulations of calcium carbonate and organic matter at the sediment-water interface depend on the location of the depositional site relative to the thermocline. We relate lake-level fluctuations to down-core stratigraphic variations in composition, geochemistry, sedimentary structures and to the occurrence of unconformities in four cores based on observations of modern limnology and sedimentation processes. Twenty-four AMS radiocarbon dates on macrofossils and pollen provide the lake-level chronology. Prior to 10 000 cal. BP water levels were low, but then they rose to 3 to 4 m below modern levels. Between 7500 and 5000 cal. BP water levels were 5 to 6 m below modern but rose by 4000 cal. BP. Between 4000 and 2000 cal. BP they were higher than modern. During the last 2000 years, water levels were either near or 1 to 2 m below modern levels. Marcella Lake water-level fluctuations correspond with previously documented palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic changes and provide new, independent effective moisture information. The improved geochronology and quantitative water-level estimates are a framework for more detailed studies in the southwest Yukon.
C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Geosci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA.
Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
Univ Southampton, Sch Geog, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England.
RP Anderson, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Box 25046 MS-980, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
EM land@usgs.gov
NR 53
TC 30
Z9 30
U1 0
U2 19
PU HODDER ARNOLD, HODDER HEADLINE PLC
PI LONDON
PA 338 EUSTON ROAD, LONDON NW1 3BH, ENGLAND
SN 0959-6836
J9 HOLOCENE
JI Holocene
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 15
IS 8
BP 1172
EP 1183
DI 10.1191/0959683605hl889rp
PG 12
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 992ZI
UT WOS:000233922100007
ER
PT J
AU Helsel, DR
AF Helsel, DR
TI Insider censoring: Distortion of data with nondetects
SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE detection limit; statistics; censoring; less-than; nondetect
AB Environmental data often include low-level concentrations below reporting limits. These data may be reported as " 0.5 survey(-1)), unless a removal design is used.
4. We found that an optimal removal design will generally be the most efficient, but we suggest it may be less robust to assumption violations than a standard design.
5. Our results suggest that for a rare species it is more efficient to survey more sampling units less intensively, while for a common species fewer sampling units should be surveyed more intensively.
6. Synthesis and applications. Reliable inferences can only result from quality data. To make the best use of logistical resources, study objectives must be clearly defined; sampling units must be selected, and repeated surveys timed appropriately; and a sufficient number of repeated surveys must be conducted. Failure to do so may compromise the integrity of the study. The guidance given here on study design issues is particularly applicable to studies of species occurrence and distribution, habitat selection and modelling, metapopulation studies and monitoring programmes.
C1 Proteus Wildlife Res Consultants, Dunedin, New Zealand.
US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
RP Mackenzie, DI (reprint author), Proteus Wildlife Res Consultants, POB 5193, Dunedin, New Zealand.
EM darryl@proteus.co.nz
OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167
NR 38
TC 461
Z9 483
U1 28
U2 244
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0021-8901
EI 1365-2664
J9 J APPL ECOL
JI J. Appl. Ecol.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 42
IS 6
BP 1105
EP 1114
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2005.01098.x
PG 10
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 987JW
UT WOS:000233515200011
ER
PT J
AU DuBey, R
Caldwell, C
Gould, WR
AF DuBey, R
Caldwell, C
Gould, WR
TI Effects of temperature, photoperiod, and Myxobolus cerebralis infection
on growth, reproduction, and survival of Tubifex tubifex lineages
SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
ID WATER TEMPERATURE; WHIRLING DISEASE; TUBIFICIDAE; MULLER; TROUT;
OLIGOCHAETA; POPULATIONS; CULTURES; RELEASE; BIOLOGY
AB Tubifex tubifex is the definitive host for Myxobolus cerebralis, the causative agent of whirling disease in salmonid fish. Several mitochondrial lineages of T. tubifex exhibit resistance to M. cerebralis infection. Release of the triactinomyxon form of the parasite from T. tubifex varies with water temperature; however, little is known about the interactive effects of temperature and photoperiod on the susceptibility of T. tubifex lineages to M. cerebralis infection. In addition, the environmental effects on the growth, reproduction, and survival of T. tubifex lineages are unknown. Monocultures of lineages III and VI were subjected to infection (0 and 500 myxospores per worm), a range of temperatures (5, 17, and 27 degrees C), and various diurnal photoperiods (12:12, 14:10, and 16:8 dark : light) over a 70-d period by using a split-split plot experimental design. Lineage VI resisted infection by M. cerebralis at all temperatures, whereas lineage III exhibited infection levels of 4.3% at 5 degrees C, 3.3% at 17 degrees C, and 0% at 27 degrees C. Lineage VI exhibited significantly higher adult survival, weighed more initially, gained more weight, and had higher natality (production of immature tubificids) than did lineage III regardless of temperature, photoperiod, or infection treatment. There was no detectable effect of lineage, infection, or photoperiod on cysting. Both lineages III and VI cysted at 5 degrees C but not at 17 degrees C or 27 degrees C. Competition between lineage VI and other lineages for resources may serve to decrease the overall infection levels among T. tubifex populations, thereby reducing both triactinomyxon production and the occurrence of whirling disease among susceptible salmonids.
C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA.
New Mexico State Univ, US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA.
New Mexico State Univ, Univ Stat Ctr, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA.
RP DuBey, R (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Sci, Box 30003,MSC 4901, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA.
EM rdubey@nmsu.edu
NR 28
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 17
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0899-7659
J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH
JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 17
IS 4
BP 338
EP 344
DI 10.1577/H04-061.1
PG 7
WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences
SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences
GA 995MG
UT WOS:000234103800005
ER
PT J
AU Williams, CJ
Moffitt, CM
AF Williams, CJ
Moffitt, CM
TI Estimation of pathogen prevalence in pooled samples using maximum
likelihood methods and open-source software
SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
ID PARATUBERCULOSIS; POPULATIONS; INFECTION; HERDS
AB We provide the computer program code to estimate pathogen prevalence and calculate confidence intervals for estimates based on maximum likelihood methods for the open-source statistical and graphics package R and a commercially licensed statistical package, the Statistical Analysis System (SAS). We correct a previously published SAS program to allow use of newer versions of the SAS software and provide a second SAS program that will work in either version of SAS. All of the programs allow users to calculate prevalence from any number of pooled samples representing different numbers of individuals, and two of these programs allow users to make estimates from data pools that are entirely test-positive or test-negative.
C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
Univ Idaho, Dept Stat, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
RP Moffitt, CM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
EM cmoffitt@uidaho.edu
NR 22
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 2
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0899-7659
J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH
JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 17
IS 4
BP 386
EP 391
DI 10.1577/H04-066.1
PG 6
WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences
SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences
GA 995MG
UT WOS:000234103800011
ER
PT J
AU Wynne, JJ
Pleytez, W
AF Wynne, JJ
Pleytez, W
TI Sensitive ecological areas and species inventory of Actun Chapat Cave,
VACA Plateau, Belize
SO JOURNAL OF CAVE AND KARST STUDIES
LA English
DT Article
ID CENTRAL-AMERICA; SANDFLIES DIPTERA; CONSERVATION; PSYCHODIDAE; MEXICO;
ENVIRONMENT; BATS
AB Cave ecosystems are considered one of the most poorly studied and fragile systems on Earth. Belize caves are no exception. This paper represents the first effort to synthesize information on both invertebrate and vertebrate observations from a Belize cave. Based on limited field research and a review of literature, we identified two ecologically sensitive areas, and developed a species inventory list containing 41 vertebrate and invertebrate morphospecies in A cum Chapat, Vaca Plateau, west-central Belize. Actun Chapat contains two ecologically sensitive areas: (1) a large multiple species bat roost, and (2) a subterranean pool containing troglobites and stygobites. The inventory list is a product of sporadic research conducted between 1973 and 2001. Ecological research in this cave system remains incomplete. An intensive systematic ecological survey of Actun Chapat with data collection over multiple seasons using a suite of survey techniques will provide a more complete inventory list. To minimize human disturbance to the ecologically sensitive areas, associated with ecotourism, we recommend limited to no access in the areas identified as "sensitive."
C1 US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
Chechem Ha Caving Adventures, Benque Viejo, Cayo, Belize.
RP Wynne, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
EM jwynne@usgs.gov
NR 45
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 4
PU NATL SPELEOLOGICAL SOC
PI HUNTSVILLE
PA 2813 CAVE AVE, HUNTSVILLE, AL 35810-4431 USA
SN 1090-6924
J9 J CAVE KARST STUD
JI J. Cave Karst Stud.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 67
IS 3
BP 148
EP 157
PG 10
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 004HI
UT WOS:000234742200002
ER
PT J
AU Simenstad, C
Tanner, C
Crandell, C
White, J
Cordell, J
AF Simenstad, C
Tanner, C
Crandell, C
White, J
Cordell, J
TI Challenges of habitat restoration in a heavily urbanized estuary:
Evaluating the investment
SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE sustainability; strategic planning; landscape; solmon recovery;
Oncorhynchus
ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS; RIVER DISCHARGE; PACIFIC SALMON; ECOLOGY; DELTA;
RISK
AB Wetland restoration in urban estuaries involves unique challenges, risks, and uncertainties that often cause both the proponents and the public to question their investment. In certain cases, recovery of damaged natural resources or other legal obligations (e.g., Native American treaty rights) mandate urban restoration, but non-regulatory restoration in urban settings may often be viewed as particularly counterproductive. Limited opportunities for siting, size, and design options often result in less than optimum restoration of habitat functions within the urban landscape. In addition, persistent sources of contaminants and invasive species may threaten the sustainability of a restoring site's performance. This may be especially true when fish and wildlife resources are drawn to a restoration site that has evolved into an attractive nuisance. Conversely, strategic restoration in urban estuaries can easily offset many of these constraints, when rare, quality patches in the disturbed landscape (a) contribute high ecological function in proportion to their size or complexity, (b) remove blockages for mobile or migratory fish and wildlife, (c) provide public exposure and appreciation for the value of restoration and protection, and (d) enhance the quality of the urban landscape. We examine a decade of estuarine intertidal restoration in the Duwamish River estuary, one of the Pacific Northwest's most heavily industrialized, to illustrate the "value-added" contribution that may be attainable within such challenging settings. Despite intense port and other commercial development, and a long history of watershed and estuarine modification and contamination, completion of eleven restoration sites and plans for two more in the near future has enhanced the ecological and societal values of this estuary. We illustrate this both by evidence of fish and wildlife utilization and by public involvement and investment in a broad spectrum of restoration initiatives above and beyond regulatory mandates. The potential contribution of restoration to the recovery of threatened/endangered Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) is of particular interest. Our observations suggest that acceptable performance depends on strategic planning at the landscape scale, unusual institutional commitment, and acknowledgement that rehabilitation must often be the acceptable substitute for restoration.
C1 Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Wetland Ecosyst Team, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Puget Sound Program, Lacey, WA 98503 USA.
Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Ctr Urban Hort, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
Nature Conservancy, Seattle, WA 98101 USA.
RP Simenstad, C (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Wetland Ecosyst Team, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM simenstd@u.washington.edu; curtis_tanner@fws.gou;
crandell@u.washington.edu; jwhite@tnc.org; jcordell@u.washington.edu
NR 42
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 8
U2 47
PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0749-0208
J9 J COASTAL RES
JI J. Coast. Res.
PD WIN
PY 2005
SI 40
BP 6
EP 23
PG 18
WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences,
Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology
GA 908LA
UT WOS:000227787300002
ER
PT J
AU deFrance, SD
Keefer, DK
AF deFrance, SD
Keefer, DK
TI Quebrada Tacahuay, southern Peru: A Late Pleistocene site preserved by a
debris flow
SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID EL-NINO EVENTS; ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES; ANDES; HUAYNAPUTINA; ERUPTION;
HISTORY; RECORD; BP
AB Here we describe the properties of a debris flow apparently generated by a warm phase El Ni (n) over baro event that buried an intermittently occupied Late Pleistocene forager site located in the southern coastal desert of Peru. Although the event deposited roughly one meter of sediment over the initial occupation, our analyses of debris flow dynamics and data from large-scale archaeological investigations indicate that the earliest anthropogenic deposits at the site of Quebrada Tacahuay were preserved intact as a result of the burial episode; there is no evidence that the debris flow scoured or disturbed the cultural deposits. The event that buried the oldest archaeological contexts at Quebrada Tacahuay differs from other flood events that are characterized by turbulent, fast-moving floodwaters. Our data on debris flow dynamics and our results from excavation have implications for identifying, investigating, and interpreting other deeply buried archaeological sites both in the central Andes and in other geographic regions.
C1 Univ Florida, Dept Anthropol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP deFrance, SD (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Anthropol, POB 117305, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
EM sdef@anthro.ufl.edu; dkeefer@usgs.gov
NR 56
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 4
PU JOURNAL FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY
PI BOSTON
PA BOSTON UNIV 675 COMMONWEALTH AVE, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA
SN 0093-4690
J9 J FIELD ARCHAEOL
JI J. Field Archaeol.
PD WIN
PY 2005
VL 30
IS 4
BP 385
EP 399
PG 15
WC Archaeology
SC Archaeology
GA 033FW
UT WOS:000236833300002
ER
PT J
AU McGowan, CP
Simons, TR
AF McGowan, CP
Simons, TR
TI A method for trapping breeding adult American Oystercatchers
SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE American Oystercatcher; decoy; Haematopus palliatus; leg-hold noose-mat;
shorebird trapping
ID CAPTURE
AB We present an efficient and effective method for trapping adult, breeding American Oystercatchers (Haematopus palliatus) that minimizes disturbance to nesting birds and the risk of trapping injuries. We used a remote controlled mechanical decoy to lure territorial adults to a leg-hold noose-mat trap. We trapped 25 birds over two seasons and were successful on 54% of our trapping attempts in 2003. We only trapped birds before the breeding season or between nesting attempts to reduce nest-site disturbance.
C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, USGS Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
RP Simons, TR (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, USGS Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
EM tsimons@ncsu.edu
NR 14
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 2
PU ASSOC FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS
PI STATESBORO
PA GEORGIA SOUTHERN UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, STATESBORO, GA 30460-8042 USA
SN 0273-8570
J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL
JI J. Field Ornithol.
PD WIN
PY 2005
VL 76
IS 1
BP 46
EP 49
PG 4
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 886OX
UT WOS:000226239300007
ER
PT J
AU Winter, M
Shaffer, JA
Johnson, DH
Donovan, TM
Svedarsky, WD
Jones, PW
Euliss, BR
AF Winter, M
Shaffer, JA
Johnson, DH
Donovan, TM
Svedarsky, WD
Jones, PW
Euliss, BR
TI Habitat and nesting of Le Conte's Sparrows in the northern tallgrass
prairie
SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Ammodramus leconteii; bird density; cowbird parasitism; habitat ecology;
Le Conte's Sparrow; nesting biology; patch size
ID SHARP-TAILED SPARROWS; BIRD COMMUNITIES; GRASSLAND BIRDS; SUCCESS;
LANDSCAPE; BIOLOGY; FIELDS; SIZE; AREA
AB Little is known about the breeding biology of the Le Conte's Sparrow (Ammodranuis leconteh), probably because of its secretive nature. We provide new information on several aspects of Le Conte's Sparrow breeding biology, including rates of nest parasitism by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrusater) and potential factors affecting breeding densities and nesting success of the species. Our study was conducted in the tallgrass prairie of northwestern Minnesota and southeastern North Dakota during 1998-2002. Breeding densities varied among years, but this variation was not clearly linked to climatic patterns. Vegetation had some influence on densities of Le Conte's Sparrows; densities were highest in grasslands with moderate amounts of bare ground. Prairie patch size and the percentage of shrubs and trees in the landscape had no recognizable influence on density. Nesting Success was highly variable among sites and years and increased slightly with distance from trees. Rates of nest parasitism were low (1 of 50 nests parasitized), and clutch sizes were similar to those of other studies of Le Conte's Sparrows.
C1 SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA.
US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA.
Univ Vermont, US Geol Survey, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Burlington, VT 05405 USA.
Univ Minnesota, NW Res & Outreach Ctr, Crookston, MN 56716 USA.
Nat Resources Committee, South Burlington 05403, VT USA.
RP Winter, M (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ornithol Lab, 159 Sapsucker Woods Rd, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA.
EM mw267@cornell.edu
NR 56
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 3
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0273-8570
EI 1557-9263
J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL
JI J. Field Ornithol.
PD WIN
PY 2005
VL 76
IS 1
BP 61
EP 71
PG 11
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 886OX
UT WOS:000226239300009
ER
PT J
AU Koronkiewicz, TJ
Paxton, EH
Sogge, MK
AF Koronkiewicz, TJ
Paxton, EH
Sogge, MK
TI A technique to produce aluminum color bands for avian research
SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Empidonax traillii; leg injuries; metal bands; Willow Flycatcher
ID LEG BANDS
AB We developed a technique to produce metal (aluminum) color bands, in response to concerns about leg injuries caused by celluloid-plastic color bands applied to Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillil). The technique involves color-anodized aluminum bands (unnumbered blanks and federal numbered bands), with auto pin-striping tape and flexible epoxy sealant, to create a variety of solid, half- and triple-split colors. This allows for hundreds of unique, high-contrast color combinations. During six consecutive years of application, these colored metal bands have resisted color fade compared to conventional celluloid-plastic bands, and have reduced leg injuries in the flycatcher. Although not necessarily warranted for all color-banding studies, these metal bands may provide a lower-impact option for studies of species known to be impacted by plastic color bands.
C1 No Arizona Univ, USGS SW Biol Sci Ctr, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
RP Sogge, MK (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, USGS SW Biol Sci Ctr, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, POB 5614, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
EM mark_sogge@usgs.gov
OI Paxton, Eben/0000-0001-5578-7689
NR 7
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 8
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0273-8570
EI 1557-9263
J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL
JI J. Field Ornithol.
PD WIN
PY 2005
VL 76
IS 1
BP 94
EP 97
PG 4
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 886OX
UT WOS:000226239300013
ER
PT J
AU Paukert, CP
Ward, DL
Sponholtz, PJ
Hilwig, KD
AF Paukert, CP
Ward, DL
Sponholtz, PJ
Hilwig, KD
TI Effects of repeated hoopnetting and handling on bonytail chub
SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID GRAND-CANYON; GILA-CYPHA; ARIZONA
AB We evaluated the effects of repeated hoopnet sampling and subsequent handling on the endangered bonytail chub (Gila elegans) to determine if these sampling techniques cause increased mortality or reduce fish growth. A total of 327 bonytail chub was tagged with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags and placed in a 0.04 ha pond on July 2003. These fish were sampled with hoop nets during four, three-day sampling events, two in fall (September-October 2003) and two in spring (June 2004). Fish were measured and weighed with the time required to complete all steps for processing an individual fish being recorded, Individual fish were handled from one to eight times during the study, with > 95% recaptured five or fewer times. Fish that were recaptured multiple times grew less in length (P < 0.001) and weight (P < 0.001) than fish that were not recaptured. Fish recaptured up to five times grew only 12.8% of their initial weight compared to fish not recaptured which grew 29.7% of their initial weight.
C1 Kansas State Univ, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Res Branch, Phoenix, AZ 85023 USA.
US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arizona Fisheries Resource Off, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
SWCA Environm Consultants, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
RP Paukert, CP (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Biol, 205 Leasure Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
EM cpaukert@ksu.edu
NR 18
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 2
PU OIKOS PUBL INC
PI LA CROSSE
PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA
SN 0270-5060
J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL
JI J. Freshw. Ecol.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 20
IS 4
BP 649
EP 653
DI 10.1080/02705060.2005.9664787
PG 5
WC Ecology; Limnology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 982ER
UT WOS:000233141200005
ER
PT J
AU Lipsey, TSB
Hubert, WA
Rahel, FJ
AF Lipsey, TSB
Hubert, WA
Rahel, FJ
TI Relationships of elevation, channel slope, and stream width to
occurrences of native fishes at the Great Plains-Rocky Mountains
interface
SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID TROUT
AB Environmental gradients occur with upstream progression from plains to mountains and affect the occurrence of native warmwater fish species, but the relative importance of various environmental gradients are not defined. We assessed the relative influences of elevation, channel slope, and stream width on the occurrences of 15 native warmwater fish species among 152 reaches scattered across the North Platte River drainage of Wyoming at the interface of the Great Plains and Rocky Mountains. Most species were collected in reaches that were lower in elevation, had lower channel slopes, and were wider than the medians of the 152 sampled reaches. Several species occurred over a relatively narrow range of elevation, channel slope, or stream width among the sampled reaches, but the distributions of some species appeared to extend beyond the ranges of the sampled reaches. We identified competing logistic-regression models that accounted for the occurrence of individual species using the information-theoretic approach. Linear logistic-regression models accounted for patterns in the data better than curvilinear models for all species. The highest ranked models included channel slope for seven species, elevation for six species, stream width for one species, and both channel slope and stream width for one species. Our results suggest that different environmental gradients may affect upstream boundaries of different fish species at the interface of the Great Plains and Rocky Mountains in Wyoming.
C1 Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
RP Hubert, WA (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
EM whubert@uwyo.edu
NR 20
TC 9
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 3
PU OIKOS PUBL INC
PI LA CROSSE
PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA
SN 0270-5060
J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL
JI J. Freshw. Ecol.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 20
IS 4
BP 695
EP 705
PG 11
WC Ecology; Limnology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 982ER
UT WOS:000233141200011
ER
PT J
AU Laudon, MC
Vondracek, B
Zimmerman, JKH
AF Laudon, MC
Vondracek, B
Zimmerman, JKH
TI Prey selection by trout in a spring-fed stream: Terrestrial versus
aquatic invertebrates
SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID GAMMARUS-PSEUDOLIMNAEUS; VALLEY-CREEK; PRODUCTION DYNAMICS; ATLANTIC
SALMON; CUTTHROAT TROUT; RAINBOW-TROUT; DIET OVERLAP; BROOK TROUT; BROWN
TROUT; FOOD WEBS
AB We evaluated the prey sources that contributed to the diets of brown trout (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Valley Creek, Minnesota during the summer of 2003. We collected drift before dawn and in the afternoon on five dates in June, July, and August 2003 in three sequential riffles. Immediately following drift sampling, we collected brown and rainbow trout, 13 - 20 cm in length, in pools immediately below the riffles where drift was collected. Terrestrial invertebrates numerically comprised about 3% of the drift across times and dates but made up approximately 10% by number of the overall diet of brown and rainbow trout. Trout were size-selective, preferring larger invertebrates by both length (7.0 - 12.9 mm.) and biomass. Gammarus pseudolimnaeus made up about 75% of the diet of brown trout and about 60% of the diet of rainbow trout based on biomass. Diet overlap was > 60% for both trout in relation to total individuals, length, and biomass of invertebrate prey.
C1 Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
Univ Minnesota, Water Resource Sci Program, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
RP Vondracek, B (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, 1980 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
EM bvondrac@unm.edu
NR 49
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 2
U2 12
PU OIKOS PUBL INC
PI LA CROSSE
PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA
SN 0270-5060
J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL
JI J. Freshw. Ecol.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 20
IS 4
BP 723
EP 733
DI 10.1080/02705060.2005.9664796
PG 11
WC Ecology; Limnology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 982ER
UT WOS:000233141200014
ER
PT J
AU Tiemann, JS
Gillette, DP
Wildhaber, ML
Edds, DR
AF Tiemann, JS
Gillette, DP
Wildhaber, ML
Edds, DR
TI Effects of lowhead dams on the ephemeropterans, plecopterans, and
trichopterans group in a North American river (vol 20, pg 519, 2005)
SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Correction
AB We assessed the effects of lowhead dams on the EPT group (ephemeropterans, plecopterans, and trichopterans) by sampling habitat and macroinvertebrates monthly from November 2000 to October 2001 at eight gravel bars centered around two lowhead dams on the Neosho River, Lyon County, Kansas. Sites included a reference and treatment site upstream and downstream from each dam. Percent EPT was greater at reference sites than upstream treatment sites, and was positively correlated with stream velocity and %gravel in the substrate, but negatively correlated with substrate compaction and %boulder in the substrate. These results are similar to those for large dams and suggest that differences in habitat around these lowhead dams are unfavorable for EPT taxa, a finding important to the conservation and restoration of biotic integrity in riverine ecosystems.
C1 Emporia State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Emporia, KS 66801 USA.
US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA.
Emporia State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Emporia, KS 66801 USA.
RP Tiemann, JS (reprint author), Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Ctr Biodivers, Champaign, IL 61820 USA.
EM jtiemann@inhs.uiuc.edu
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 10
PU OIKOS PUBL INC
PI LA CROSSE
PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA
SN 0270-5060
J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL
JI J. Freshw. Ecol.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 20
IS 4
BP 800
EP 800
PG 1
WC Ecology; Limnology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 982ER
UT WOS:000233141200030
ER
PT J
AU Gunzburger, MS
Travis, J
AF Gunzburger, MS
Travis, J
TI Critical literature review of the evidence for unpalatability of
amphibian eggs and larvae
SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY
LA English
DT Review
ID PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTIONS; AMBYSTOMA-TIGRINUM-NEBULOSUM; AQUATIC INSECT
PREDATORS; DIFFERENTIAL PREDATION; PSEUDACRIS-TRISERIATA; TIGER
SALAMANDERS; NOTOPHTHALMUS-VIRIDESCENS; EXPERIMENTAL POPULATIONS;
RELATIVE PALATABILITIES; OVIPOSITION BEHAVIOR
AB We examined 142 papers, which contained 603 separate predator-prey trials, to investigate whether unpalatability is an important defense against predation for amphibian eggs and larvae. Although unpalatability is often cited as an antipredator defense, it was rarely demonstrated that 89% of the trials that we reviewed found prey to be palatable. The most extensively studied taxa, the genera Bufo and Rana, were diagnosed unpalatable at rates comparable to all other taxa. Diagnoses of unpalatability were not always consistent for a prey species across different predators and were influenced by experimental method. Despite these limitations and our conservative definition of unpalatability, several patterns emerged. First, across all taxonomic groups, eggs and hatchlings were unpalatable more often than mobile larval stages. Second, species that breed in temporary ponds were more likely to be palatable to fish predators than those that breed in permanent habitats. Third, fish and caudates were more likely to find amphibian prey unpalatable than insect predators. We conclude that unpalatability is rare, but when it occurs, it is a property of an ensemble (predator, prey, and alternative prey) and a life-history stage in a particular circumstance but is not a species-specific attribute. We suggest methods of experimentation that could strengthen future research on the palatability of amphibian eggs and larvae.
C1 US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA.
Florida State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
RP Gunzburger, MS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA.
EM margaret_gunzburger@usgs.gov
NR 158
TC 49
Z9 53
U1 2
U2 13
PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES
PI ST LOUIS
PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST
LOUIS, MO 63103 USA
SN 0022-1511
EI 1937-2418
J9 J HERPETOL
JI J. Herpetol.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 39
IS 4
BP 547
EP 571
DI 10.1670/1-05A.1
PG 25
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 001ZH
UT WOS:000234580700004
ER
PT J
AU Weir, LA
Royle, JA
Nanjappa, P
Jung, RE
AF Weir, LA
Royle, JA
Nanjappa, P
Jung, RE
TI Modeling anuran detection and site occupancy on North American Amphibian
Monitoring Program (NAAMP) routes in Maryland
SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID BREEDING BIRD SURVEY; DATA QUALITY; COUNT DATA; LANDSCAPE; ABUNDANCE;
FROG; RICHNESS; INDEX; RATES
AB One of the most fundamental problems in monitoring animal populations is that of imperfect detection. Although imperfect detection can be modeled, studies examining patterns in occurrence often ignore detection and thus fail to properly partition variation in detection from that of occurrence. In this study, we used anuran calling survey data collected on North American Amphibian Monitoring Program routes in eastern Maryland to investigate factors that influence detection probability and site occupancy for 10 anuran species. In 2002, 17 calling survey routes in eastern Maryland were surveyed to collect environmental and species data nine or more times. To analyze these data, we developed models incorporating detection probability and site occupancy. The results suggest that, for more than half of the 10 species, detection probabilities vary most with season (i.e., day-of-year), air temperature, time, and moon illumination, whereas site occupancy may vary by the amount of palustrine forested wetland habitat. Our results suggest anuran calling surveys should document air temperature, time of night, moon illumination, observer skill, and habitat change over time, as these factors can be important to model-adjusted estimates of site occupancy. Our study represents the first formal modeling effort aimed at developing an analytic assessment framework for NAAMP calling survey data.
C1 USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
RP Weir, LA (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
EM lweir@usgs.gov
OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167
NR 49
TC 86
Z9 87
U1 0
U2 34
PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES
PI ST LOUIS
PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST
LOUIS, MO 63103 USA
SN 0022-1511
J9 J HERPETOL
JI J. Herpetol.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 39
IS 4
BP 627
EP 639
PG 13
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 001ZH
UT WOS:000234580700013
ER
PT J
AU Wu, ZJ
Li, YM
Wang, YP
Adams, MJ
AF Wu, ZJ
Li, YM
Wang, YP
Adams, MJ
TI Diet of introduced Bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana): Predation on and diet
overlap with native frogs on Daishan Island, China
SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID RED-LEGGED FROGS; CALIFORNIA; COMPETITION; AMPHIBIANS; VALLEY; AURORA;
RIVER
AB We examined diet of introduced Bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) and three native frog species (Rana limnocharis, Rana nigromaculata, and Bufo bufo gargarizans) co-occurring at a group of ponds on Daishan Island, east of China, to gain insight into the nature of potential interactions between Bullfrogs and native frog species. For postmetamorphic Bullfrogs, aquatic prey items dominated volumetrically. Prey size, diet volume and volumetric percentage of native frogs in diet increased with Bullfrog body size. The number and volumetric percentage of native frogs in the diet were not different for female and male Bullfrogs, and both were higher for adults than for juveniles. Diet overlap between males and juveniles was higher than that between males and females and between females and juveniles. Diet overlap with each native frog species of male Bullfrogs was lower than that of female Bullfrogs and juvenile Bullfrogs. We did not exam effects of Bullfrogs on native frogs but our results suggest that the primary threat posed by juvenile Bullfrogs to native frogs on Daishan Island is competition for food, whereas the primary threat posed by male Bullfrogs is direct predation. Female Bullfrogs may threaten native frogs by both competition and predation. These differences among Bullfrog groups may be attributed to differences in body size and microhabitat use.
C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China.
Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China.
US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Li, YM (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, 25 Beisihuanxi Rd, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China.
EM liym@ioz.ac.cn
NR 31
TC 35
Z9 50
U1 1
U2 16
PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES
PI ST LOUIS
PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST
LOUIS, MO 63103 USA
SN 0022-1511
J9 J HERPETOL
JI J. Herpetol.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 39
IS 4
BP 668
EP 674
DI 10.1670/78-05N.1
PG 7
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 001ZH
UT WOS:000234580700021
ER
PT J
AU Gunzburger, MS
AF Gunzburger, MS
TI Differential predation on tadpoles influences the potential effects of
hybridization between Hyla cinerea and Hyla gratiosa
SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID LARVAL FITNESS COMPONENTS; RANA-PIPIENS COMPLEX; ELECTROPHORETIC
ANALYSIS; TREE FROGS; EVOLUTION; POPULATIONS; TREEFROGS; BEHAVIOR;
HYBRIDS; ZONE
AB Long-term effects of hybridization and introgression are influenced by performance of hybrids in habitats of parental species. The treefrogs Hyla cinerea and Hyla gratiosa, which typically breed in permanent and temporary habitats, respectively, have occasionally hybridized throughout the Southeastern United States. To predict in which of the parental habitats effects of hybridization might be strongest, I performed experiments to evaluate predation on tadpoles of H. cinerea, H. gratiosa, and F, hybrids with predators typical of the breeding habitats of the parental species. Hybrid tadpoles had lower survival with sunfish than odonate naiad (dragonfly) predators and tended to increase hiding behavior in response to sunfish predation. Tadpoles of H. gratiosa also had higher survival with odonates than sunfish, but H. cinerea had similar survival with both predator types. These results suggest that hybrids are most likely to survive and return to breed in temporary habitats used by H. gratiosa. Thus, hybridization and introgression might be more likely to have adverse effects on populations of H. gratiosa than H. cinerea.
C1 US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA.
Florida State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
RP Gunzburger, MS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA.
EM margaret_gunzburger@usgs.gov
NR 28
TC 4
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 6
PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES
PI ST LOUIS
PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST
LOUIS, MO 63103 USA
SN 0022-1511
J9 J HERPETOL
JI J. Herpetol.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 39
IS 4
BP 682
EP 687
DI 10.1670/226-04N.1
PG 6
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 001ZH
UT WOS:000234580700024
ER
PT J
AU Weyandt, SE
Van den Bussche, RA
Hamilton, MJ
Leslie, DM
AF Weyandt, SE
Van den Bussche, RA
Hamilton, MJ
Leslie, DM
TI Unraveling the effects of sex and dispersal: Ozark big-eared bat
(Corynorhinus townsendii ingens) conservation genetics
SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Corynorhinas; geographic structure; microsatellites; mitochondrial DNA;
Oklahoma; philopatry
ID PLECOTUS-TOWNSENDII; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE;
SEASONAL-VARIATION; FORAGING ACTIVITY; NYCTALUS-NOCTULA; GLEANING BAT;
MIGRATION; MYOTIS; CAVES
AB The Ozark big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii ingens) is federally listed as endangered and is found in only a small number of caves in eastern Oklahoma and northwestern Arkansas. Previous studies suggested site fidelity of females to maternity caves; however, males are solitary most of the year, and thus specific information on their behavior and roosting patterns is lacking. Population genetic variation often provides the necessary data to make inferences about gene flow or mating behavior within that population. We used 2 types of molecular data: DNA sequences from the mitochondrial D loop and alleles at 5 microsatellite loci. Approximately 5% of the population, 24 males and 39 females (63 individuals), were sampled. No significant differentiation between 5 sites was present in nuclear microsatellite variation, but distribution of variation in maternally inherited markers differed among sites. This suggests limited dispersal of female Ozark big-eared bats and natal philopatry. Areas that experience local extinctions are unlikely to be recolonized by species that show strong site fidelity. These results provide a greater understanding of the population dynamics of Ozark big-eared bats and highlight the importance of cave protection relative to maintaining genetic integrity during recovery activities for this listed species.
C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA.
Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA.
RP Univ Chicago, Comm Evolutionary Biol, 1025 E 57th St,Culver Hall 402, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
EM weyandt@uchicago.edu
NR 58
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 2
U2 10
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA
SN 0022-2372
EI 1545-1542
J9 J MAMMAL
JI J. Mammal.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 86
IS 6
BP 1136
EP 1143
DI 10.1644/04-MAMM-F-067R1.1
PG 8
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 001FR
UT WOS:000234519500008
ER
PT J
AU Horncastle, VJ
Hellgren, EC
Mayer, PM
Ganguli, AC
Engle, DM
Leslie, DM
AF Horncastle, VJ
Hellgren, EC
Mayer, PM
Ganguli, AC
Engle, DM
Leslie, DM
TI Implications of invasion by Juniperus virginiana on small mammals in the
Southern Great Plains
SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE community; cross timbers; eastern red cedar; invasion; Juniperus
virginiana; old-field vegetation; small mammals; tallgrass prairie
ID WHITE-FOOTED MICE; PEROMYSCUS-LEUCOPUS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; OLD-FIELD;
HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; VEGETATION STRUCTURE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS;
BLUESTEM PRAIRIE; TREE INVASION; FOREST
AB Changes in landscape cover in the Great Plains are resulting from the range expansion and invasion of eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana). By altering the landscape and local vegetation, red cedar is changing the structure and function of habitat for small mammals. We examined effects of invasion by eastern red cedar on small mammals in 3 plant communities (tallgrass prairie, old field, and cross-timbers forest) in the cross-timbers ecoregion in Oklahoma. We sampled small mammals seasonally from May 2001 to August 2002 by using Sherman live traps and mark-recapture techniques on 3.24-ha, 450-trap grids in each plant community. We sampled vegetation in two hundred twenty-five 12 x 12-m cells within each grid. The structure of the small-mammal community differed among the 3 habitat types, with higher species diversity and richness in the tallgrass-prairie and old-field sites. Overall, the small-mammal community shifted along a gradient of increasing eastern red cedar. In the old-field and tallgrass-prairie plots, occurrence of grassland mammals decreased with increasing red cedar, whereas only 1 woodland mammal species increased. In the cross-timbers forest site, percent woody cover (<1 m in height), rather than cover of red cedar, was the most important factor affecting woodland mammal species. Examination of our data suggests that an increase in overstory cover from 0% to 30% red cedar can change a species-rich prairie community to a depauperate community dominated by 1 species, Peromyscus leucopus. Losses in species diversity and changes in mammal distribution paralleled those seen in avian communities invaded by eastern red cedar. Our results highlight ecological effects of invasion by eastern red cedar on diversity and function at multiple trophic levels.
C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA.
Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA.
US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA.
Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA.
RP Hellgren, EC (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA.
EM hellgren@siu.edu
RI Ganguli, Amy/J-3342-2014;
OI Ganguli, Amy/0000-0003-3960-1404; Hellgren, Eric/0000-0002-3870-472X
NR 68
TC 17
Z9 20
U1 3
U2 17
PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0022-2372
J9 J MAMMAL
JI J. Mammal.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 86
IS 6
BP 1144
EP 1155
DI 10.1644/05-MAMM-A-015R1.1
PG 12
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 001FR
UT WOS:000234519500009
ER
PT J
AU Wiley, JW
Garrido, OH
AF Wiley, JW
Garrido, OH
TI Taxonomic status and biology of the Cuban Black-Hawk, Buteogallus
anthracinus guadlachii (Aves : Accipitridae)
SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Common Black-Hawk; Buteogallus anthracinus; Cuban Black-Hawk;
Buteogallus gundlachii; Buteogallus subtilis; ecology; taxonomy
AB We recalculate the taxonomic status of the Cuban population of the Common Black-Hawk (Buleogallus anthracinus) based on our examination of additional specimens, nests, eggs, and voice data. Buteogallus a. gundlachii is smaller than mainland populations of anthracinus and differs from mainland birds in plumage coloration and pattern. The common (alarm) call of gundlachii is a series of three or four notes, differing from that of mainland anthracinus, whose call consists of 9-24 notes. In the Isla de Pinos, Cuba, we observed grundlachii eating two species of land crabs (71.4%), centipedes (7.1%), lizards (10.7%), mammals (7.1%), and a bird (3.6%). We consider Buleogallus gundlachii Cabanis 1854 (1855), the Cuban Black-Hawk, to he a full species, endemic to Cuba, Isla de Pinos, and many of the cays of the Cuban Archipelago.
C1 Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, USGS Maryland Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA.
RP Wiley, JW (reprint author), Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, USGS Maryland Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 1120 Trigg Hall, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA.
EM jwwiley@mail.umes.edu
NR 67
TC 4
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 3
PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC
PI HASTINGS
PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA
SN 0892-1016
J9 J RAPTOR RES
JI J. Raptor Res.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 39
IS 4
BP 351
EP 364
PG 14
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 015MZ
UT WOS:000235556800001
ER
PT J
AU Hengstenberg, DW
Vilella, FJ
AF Hengstenberg, DW
Vilella, FJ
TI Nesting ecology and behavior of Broad-winged Hawks in moist karst
forests of Puerto Rico
SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Broad-wing Hawk; Buteo platypterus brunnescens; endangered; nest
success; prey delivery; habitat model; karst forest; Puerto Rico
ID BREEDING BIOLOGY; SUCCESS; BIRDS; FALCONS; RAIN
AB The Puerto Rican Broad-winged Hawk (Buteo platypterus brunnescens) is an endemic and endangered subspecies inhabiting upland montane forests of Puerto Rico. The reproductive ecology, behavior, and nesting habitat of the Broad-winged Hawk were studied in Rio Abajo Forest, Puerto Rico, from 2001-02. We observed 158 courtship displays by Broad-winged Hawks. Also, we recorded 25 territorial interactions between resident Broad-winged Hawks and intruding Red-tailed Hawks (Buteo jamaicensis jamaicensis). Broad-winged Hawks displaced intruding Red-tailed Hawks from occupied territories (P = 0.009). Mayfield nest survival was 0.67 across breeding seasons (0.81 in 2001, N = 6; 0.51 in 2002, N = 4), and pairs averaged 1.1 young per nest (years combined). The birds nested in mixed species limber plantations and mature secondary forest. Nests were placed in the upper reaches of large trees emerging from the canopy. Nest tree DBH, understory stem density, and distance: to karst cliff wall correctly classified (77.8%) nest. sites.
C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, USGS Biol Resources Div, Cooperat Res Units, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
RP Vilella, FJ (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, USGS Biol Resources Div, Cooperat Res Units, MS 9691, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
EM fvilella@cfr.msstate.edu
NR 61
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 7
PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC
PI HASTINGS
PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA
SN 0892-1016
J9 J RAPTOR RES
JI J. Raptor Res.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 39
IS 4
BP 404
EP 416
PG 13
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 015MZ
UT WOS:000235556800006
ER
PT J
AU Jensen, WJ
Gregory, MS
Baldassarre, GA
Vilella, FJ
Bildstein, KL
AF Jensen, WJ
Gregory, MS
Baldassarre, GA
Vilella, FJ
Bildstein, KL
TI Raptor abundance and distribution in the Llanos wetlands of Venezuela
SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Neotropics; Venezuela; Llanos; savanna; wetlands; roadside surveys
ID ATLANTIC RAIN-FOREST; CONSERVATION STATUS; HABITS; UGANDA; ROUTES; BIRDS
AB The Llanos of Venezuela is a 275 000-km(2) freshwater wetland long recognized as an important habitat for waterbirds. However, little information exists oil the raptor community of the region. We conducted raptor surveys in the Southwestern and Western Llanos during 2000-02 and detected 28 species representing 19 genera. Overall, areas of the Llanos that we sampled contained 52% of all raptor species and more than 70% of the kites, buteos, and subbuteos known to inhabit Venezuela. Regional differences ill the mean number per route for four of the 14 most common species, the Crested Caracara (Caracara plancus), Black-collared Hawk (Busarellus nigricollis), American Kestrel (Fatro sparverius), and Osprey (Pandion haliaetus), were significant (P < 0.0018) in relation to the wet, or dry seasons. Of the 14 less common species, six were detected in only one season (wet or dry). The Southwestern and Western regions of the Llanos support a rich raptor community composed primarily of nonmigratory wetland-dependent and upland-terrestrial species.
C1 SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA.
USGS Biol Resources Div, Cooperat Res Units, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
Acopian Ctr Conservat Learning, Hawk Mt Sanctuary, Orwigsburg, PA 17961 USA.
RP Jensen, WJ (reprint author), SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, 1 Forestry Dr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA.
EM wjjensen@syr.edu
NR 42
TC 4
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 8
PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC
PI HASTINGS
PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA
SN 0892-1016
J9 J RAPTOR RES
JI J. Raptor Res.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 39
IS 4
BP 417
EP 428
PG 12
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 015MZ
UT WOS:000235556800007
ER
PT J
AU Delin, GN
Herkelrath, WN
AF Delin, GN
Herkelrath, WN
TI Use of soil moisture probes to estimate ground water recharge at an oil
spill site
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
DE recharge; infiltration; vadose zone; soil moisture; time domain
reflectometry; ground water
ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; PREFERENTIAL FLOW; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY;
SANDY SOIL; FIELD; ZONE
AB Soil moisture data collected using an automated data logging system were used to estimate ground water recharge at a crude oil spill research site near Bemidji, Minnesota. Three different soil moisture probes were tested in the laboratory as well as the field conditions of limited power supply and extreme weather typical of northern Minnesota: a self-contained reflectometer probe, and two time domain reflectometry (TDR) probes, 30 and 50 cm. long. Recharge was estimated using an unsaturated zone water balance method. Recharge estimates for 1999 using the laboratory calibrations were 13 to 30 percent greater than estimates based on the factory calibrations. Recharge indicated by the self-contained probes was 170 percent to 210 percent greater than the estimates for the TDR probes regardless of calibration method. Results indicate that the anomalously large recharge estimates for the self-contained probes are not the result of inaccurate measurements of volumetric moisture content, but result from the presence of crude oil, or bore-hole leakage. Of the probes tested, the 50 cm long TDR probe yielded recharge estimates that compared most favorably to estimates based on a method utilizing water table fluctuations. Recharge rates for this probe represented 24 to 27 percent of 1999 precipitation. Recharge based on the 30 cm. long horizontal TDR probes was 29 to 37 percent of 1999 precipitation. By comparison, recharge based on the water table fluctuation method represented about 29 percent of precipitation.
C1 US Geol Survey, Mounds View, MN 55112 USA.
US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Delin, GN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2280 Woodale Dr, Mounds View, MN 55112 USA.
EM delin@usgs.gov
NR 31
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 14
PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC
PI MIDDLEBURG
PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA
SN 1093-474X
J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS
JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 41
IS 6
BP 1259
EP 1277
DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03799.x
PG 19
WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water
Resources
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA 002MH
UT WOS:000234615100001
ER
PT J
AU Liston, SE
Trexler, JC
AF Liston, SE
Trexler, JC
TI Spatiotemporal patterns in community structure of macroinvertebrates
inhabiting calcareous periphyton mats
SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE epiphyton; eutrophication; Everglades; habitat structure; infauna;
microhabitat; power analysis; refuge; spatial autocorrelation; wetland
monitoring
ID FLORIDA EVERGLADES; HABITAT SELECTION; STREAM; COMPLEXITY; ABUNDANCE;
GRADIENT; BIOMASS
AB Calcareous floating periphyton mats in the southern Everglades provide habitat for a diverse macroinvertebrate community that has not been well characterized. Our study described this community in an oligotrophic marsh, compared it with the macroinvertebrate community associated with adjacent epiphytic algae attached to macrophytes in the water column, and detected spatial patterns in density and community structure. The floating periphyton mat (floating mat) and epiphytic algae in the water column (submerged epiphyton) were sampled at 4 sites (similar to 1 km apart) in northern Shark River Slough, Everglades National Park (ENP), in the early (July) and late (November) wet season. Two perpendicular 90-m transects were established at each site and similar to 100 samples were taken in a nested design. Sites were located in wet-prairie spikerush-dominated sloughs with similar water depths and emergent macrophyte communities. Floating mats were sampled by taking cores (6-cm diameter) that were sorted under magnification to enumerate infauna retained on a 250-mu m-mesh sieve and with a maximum dimension > 1 mm. Our results showed that floating mats provide habitat for a macroinvertebrate community with higher densities (no. animals/g ash-free dry mass) of Hyalella azteca, Dasyhelea spp., and Cladocera, and lower densities of Chironomidae and Planorbella spp. than communities associated with submerged epiphyton. Densities of the most common taxa increased 3 X to 15 X from early to late wet season, and community differences between the 2 habitat types became more pronounced. Floating-mat coverage and estimated floating-mat biomass increased 20 to 30% and 30 to 110%, respectively, at most sites in the late wet season. Some intersite variation was observed in individual taxa, but no consistent spatial pattern in any taxon was detected at any scale (from 0.2 m to 3 km). Floating mats and their resident macroinvertebrate communities are important components in the Everglades food web. This community should be included in environmental monitoring programs because degradation and eventual loss of the calcareous periphyton mat is associated with P enrichment in this ecosystem.
C1 Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA.
RP Liston, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Natl Pk Field Stn,40001 State Rd 9336, Homestead, FL 33034 USA.
EM shawn_liston@usgs.gov; trexlerj@fiu.edu
NR 32
TC 20
Z9 21
U1 2
U2 10
PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC
PI LAWRENCE
PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0887-3593
J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC
JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 24
IS 4
BP 832
EP 844
DI 10.1899/04-067.1
PG 13
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 991UJ
UT WOS:000233839300009
ER
PT J
AU Collinge, SK
Johnson, WC
Ray, C
Matchett, R
Grensten, J
Cully, JF
Gage, KL
Kosoy, MY
Loye, JE
Martin, AP
AF Collinge, SK
Johnson, WC
Ray, C
Matchett, R
Grensten, J
Cully, JF
Gage, KL
Kosoy, MY
Loye, JE
Martin, AP
TI Landscape structure and plague occurrence in black-tailed prairie dogs
on grasslands of the western USA
SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Colorado; disease; grasslands; habitat fragmentation; landscape context;
Montana; plague; prairie dogs; rodents; urbanization
ID CYNOMYS-LUDOVICIANUS; BUTTERFLY DIVERSITY; SYLVATIC PLAGUE;
CONSERVATION; FRAGMENTATION; BIODIVERSITY; HABITAT; PATTERNS; COLONIES;
WILDLIFE
AB Landscape structure influences the abundance and distribution of many species, including pathogens that cause infectious diseases. Black-tailed prairie dogs in the western USA have declined precipitously over the past 100 years, most recently due to grassland conversion and their susceptibility to sylvatic plague. We assembled and analyzed two long-term data sets on plague occurrence in black-tailed prairie dogs to explore the hypotheses that plague occurrence is associated with colony characteristics and landscape context. Our two study areas (Boulder County, Colorado, and Phillips County, Montana) differed markedly in degree of urbanization and other landscape characteristics. In both study areas, we found associations between plague occurrence and landscape and colony characteristics such as the amount of roads, streams and lakes surrounding a prairie dog colony, the area covered by the colony and its neighbors, and the distance to the nearest plague-positive colony. Logistic regression models were similar between the two study areas, with the best models predicting positive effects of proximity to plague-positive colonies and negative effects of road, stream and lake cover on plague occurrence. Taken together, these results suggest that roads, streams and lakes may serve as barriers to plague in black-tailed prairie dog colonies by affecting movement of or habitat quality for plague hosts or for fleas that serve as vectors for the pathogen. The similarity in plague correlates between urban and rural study areas suggests that the correlates of plague are not altered by uniquely urban stressors.
C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Colorado, Environm Studies Program, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Bur Land Management, Malta Field Off, Malta, MT 59538 USA.
US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Charles M Russell Natl Wildlife Refuge, Lewistown, MT 59457 USA.
Kansas State Univ, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
Ctr Dis Control, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA.
Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Collinge, SK (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 334 UCB,RAmaley N122, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM sharon.collinge@colorado.edu
OI RAY, CHRIS/0000-0002-7963-9637
NR 45
TC 64
Z9 64
U1 3
U2 37
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0921-2973
J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL
JI Landsc. Ecol.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 20
IS 8
BP 941
EP 955
DI 10.1007/s10980-005-4617-5
PG 15
WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology
GA 980RR
UT WOS:000233036400004
ER
PT J
AU Baum, RL
Coe, JA
Godt, JW
Harp, EL
Reid, ME
Savage, WZ
Schulz, WH
Brien, DL
Chleborad, AF
McKenna, JP
Michael, JA
AF Baum, RL
Coe, JA
Godt, JW
Harp, EL
Reid, ME
Savage, WZ
Schulz, WH
Brien, DL
Chleborad, AF
McKenna, JP
Michael, JA
TI Regional landslide-hazard assessment for Seattle, Washington, USA
SO LANDSLIDES
LA English
DT Article
DE landslide susceptibility; rainfall thresholds; LIDAR; Landslide
Probability; Deterministic Landslide Modeling
ID STABILITY
AB Landslides are a widespread, frequent, and costly hazard in Seattle and the Puget Sound area of Washington State, USA. Shallow earth slides triggered by heavy rainfall are the most common type of landslide in the area; many transform into debris flows and cause significant property damage or disrupt transportation. Large rotational and translational slides, though less common, also cause serious property damage. The hundreds of landslides that occurred during the winters of 1995-96 and 1996-97 stimulated renewed interest by Puget Sound communities in identifying landslide-prone areas and taking actions to reduce future landslide losses. Informal partnerships between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the City of Seattle, and private consultants are focusing on the problem of identifying and mapping areas of landslide hazard as well as characterizing temporal aspects of the hazard. We have developed GIS-based methods to map the probability of landslide occurrence as well as empirical rainfall thresholds and physically based methods to forecast times of landslide occurrence. Our methods for mapping landslide hazard zones began with field studies and physically based models to assess relative slope stability, including the effects of material properties, seasonal groundwater levels, and rainfall infiltration. We have analyzed the correlation between historic landslide occurrence and relative slope stability to map the degree of landslide hazard. The City of Seattle is using results of the USGS studies in storm preparedness planning for emergency access and response, planning for development or redevelopment of hillsides, and municipal facility planning and prioritization. Methods we have developed could be applied elsewhere to suit local needs and available data.
C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Baum, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM baum@usgs.gov
OI Baum, Rex/0000-0001-5337-1970; Coe, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0842-9608
NR 71
TC 49
Z9 53
U1 4
U2 39
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
J9 LANDSLIDES
JI Landslides
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 2
IS 4
BP 266
EP 279
DI 10.1007/s10346-005-0023-y
PG 14
WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Geology
GA 996VP
UT WOS:000234203600004
ER
PT J
AU Scott, WE
AF Scott, WE
TI Sudden collapse
SO NATURAL HISTORY
LA English
DT Letter
C1 US Geol Survey, David A Johnston Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA USA.
RP Scott, WE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, David A Johnston Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY
PI NEW YORK
PA ATTN: LIBRARY SERIALS UNIT CENTRAL PK WEST AT 79TH ST, NEW YORK, NY
10024-5192 USA
SN 0028-0712
J9 NAT HIST
JI Nat. Hist.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 114
IS 10
BP 12
EP 12
PG 1
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 993BM
UT WOS:000233927700002
ER
PT J
AU Hornsby, BS
Ruiz, AM
Castleberry, SB
Castleberry, NL
Ford, WM
Wood, PB
AF Hornsby, BS
Ruiz, AM
Castleberry, SB
Castleberry, NL
Ford, WM
Wood, PB
TI Fall movements of Allegheny woodrats in harvested and intact stands in
West Virginia
SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE foraging; home range; movement rate; Neotoma magister; radiotelemetry;
timber harvesting
ID HOME-RANGE
AB Populations of the Allegheny woodrat (Neotoma magister) have experienced declines over the last 30 years, particularly in the northern and western parts of their range. Although relatively untested, silvicultural practices that alter forest structure and composition have been hypothesized as having negative impacts on Allegheny woodrat habitat and populations. To investigate the effects of timber harvesting on Allegheny woodrats in the Allegheny Mountains of West Virginia, we compared home range size and foraging movements between woodrats adjacent to a harvested stand to those in an intact forest stand during fall 1997 using radio telemetry. Mean home range size of all woodrats combined was 0.65 (+/- 0.20) ha. Mean home range, movement rate, and maximum distance traveled from the den did not differ between the harvested and intact stands or between sex or age classes. Home range and foraging movements in fall were considerably smaller than those documented from. summer in Previous studies. It is likely that home range and foraging movements are affected less by surrounding habitat alterations in fall and winter than in summer because of limited movements away from the outcrop and reliance on cached foods.
C1 Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
Loganville High Sch, Loganville, GA 30052 USA.
US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA.
W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.
W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.
RP Castleberry, SB (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
EM scastle@forestry.uga.edu
NR 18
TC 1
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 3
PU SOC AMER FORESTERS
PI BETHESDA
PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA
SN 0742-6348
J9 NORTH J APPL FOR
JI North. J. Appl. For.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 22
IS 4
BP 281
EP 284
PG 4
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA 004BB
UT WOS:000234725900010
ER
PT J
AU Nelson, PH
AF Nelson, PH
TI Permeability, porosity, and pore-throat size - A three-dimensional
perspective
SO PETROPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE permeability estimation; pore-throat size; porosity; siliciclastic
formations
AB Two-dimensional plots of permeability and porosity data usually exhibit scatter and have patterns that are lithology dependent. However, if three-dimensional plots of permeability, porosity, and pore-throat size are made, the origin of scatter in the two-dimensional permeability-porosity plots becomes apparent-it is the absence of information provided by pore-throat size. The purpose of this short note is to provide a graphical reminder of the dual dependence of permeability upon porosity and pore-throat size.
C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Nelson, PH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 939,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM pnelson@usgs.gov
NR 8
TC 4
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 5
PU SOCEITY PETROPHYSICISTS & WELL LOG ANALYSTS-SPWLA
PI HOUSTON
PA 8866 GULF FREEWAY, STE 320, HOUSTON, TX 77017 USA
SN 1529-9074
J9 PETROPHYSICS
JI Petrophysics
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 46
IS 6
BP 452
EP 455
PG 4
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Petroleum
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering
GA 040NO
UT WOS:000237385800005
ER
PT J
AU Duda, KA
Abrams, M
AF Duda, KA
Abrams, M
TI ASTER and USGS EROS disaster response: Emergency imaging after Hurricane
Katrina
SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
C1 USGS, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Duda, KA (reprint author), USGS, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
EM duda@usgs.gov; Michael.J.Abrams@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 3
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA
SN 0099-1112
J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S
JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 71
IS 12
BP 1346
EP 1350
PG 5
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing;
Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
GA 994TU
UT WOS:000234054900001
ER
PT J
AU Fink, W
Dohm, JM
Tarbell, MA
Hare, TM
Baker, VR
AF Fink, W
Dohm, JM
Tarbell, MA
Hare, TM
Baker, VR
TI Next-generation robotic planetary reconnaissance missions: A paradigm
shift
SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE tier-scalable mission autonomy; multi-tier exploration; multi-agents;
mission redundancy and safety; astrobiology; robotic planetary
exploration
ID MARS; EXPLORATION; REGION
AB A fundamentally new scientific mission concept for remote planetary surface and subsurface reconnaissance will soon replace the engineering and safety constrained mission designs of the past, allowing for optimal acquisition of geologic, paleohydrologic, paleoclimatic, and possible astrobiologic information of Mars and other extraterrestrial targets. Traditional missions have performed local ground-level reconnaissance through rovers and immobile landers, or global mapping performed by an orbiter. The former is safety and engineering constrained, affording limited detailed reconnaissance of a single site at the expense of a regional understanding, while the latter returns immense datasets, often overlooking detailed information of local and regional significance. A "tier-scalable" paradigm integrates multi-tier (orbit double left right arrow atmosphere double left right arrow ground) and multi-agent (orbiter double left right arrow blimps double left right arrow rovers/sensorwebs) hierarchical mission architectures, not only introducing mission redundancy and safety, but enabling and optimizing intelligent, unconstrained, and distributed science-driven exploration of prime locations on Mars and elsewhere, allowing for increased science return, and paving the way towards fully autonomous robotic missions. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 CALTECH, Visual & Autonomous Explorat Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
RP Fink, W (reprint author), CALTECH, Visual & Autonomous Explorat Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM wfink@autonomy.caltech.edu
RI Dohm, James/A-3831-2014;
OI Hare, Trent/0000-0001-8842-389X
NR 17
TC 45
Z9 46
U1 0
U2 3
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0032-0633
J9 PLANET SPACE SCI
JI Planet Space Sci.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 53
IS 14-15
BP 1419
EP 1426
DI 10.1016/j.pss.2005.07.013
PG 8
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 000CY
UT WOS:000234439700002
ER
PT J
AU Stohlgren, TJ
Crosier, C
Chong, GW
Guenther, D
Evangelista, P
AF Stohlgren, TJ
Crosier, C
Chong, GW
Guenther, D
Evangelista, P
TI Life-history habitat matching in invading non-native plant species
SO PLANT AND SOIL
LA English
DT Article
DE Colorado; environmental matching; exotic plant species; life cycles;
species-environment relationships; Utah
ID BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; CENTRAL GRASSLANDS; ANNUAL GRASSES; DIVERSITY;
CALIFORNIA; VEGETATION; INVASIBILITY; LANDSCAPE; COMPETITION; PATTERNS
AB We briefly reviewed the literature on habitat matching in invading non-native plant species. Then we hypothesized that the richness and cover of native annual and perennial plant species integrate complex local information of vegetation and soils that would help to predict invasion success by similarly adapted non-native plant species. We tested these 'life-history habitat matching' relationships in 603 0.1-ha plots, including 294 plots in Colorado, which were relatively high for the cover of native perennial plant species, and for 309 0.1-ha plots in southern Utah, which were relatively high in the cover of native annual plant species. We found strong positive relationships between the richness and foliar cover for both native and non-native species, whether they were annual or perennial species (0.34 > r(2) < 0.53; P < 0.0001). We also found significant positive relationships between the cover of native annual species at a site and the richness (r(2) = 0.13; P < 0.0001) and the foliar cover (r(2) = 0.06; P < 0.0001) of non-native annual species. The proportion of non-native annual species in the flora of a plot also increased significantly with the foliar cover of native annual species. Conversely, the richness and cover of non-native annual species were significantly negatively associated with the foliar cover of native perennial species (r(2) = 0.05 and 0.06, respectively; P < 0.0001). The cover of non-native annual or perennial species was not significantly correlated with soil texture variables, %N, or %C. We conclude that there may be a high degree of life-history habitat matching by non-native annual species in these study sites. Information on native annual and perennial species richness and cover may help characterize the complex soils, climate, and disturbance environment in which similarly adapted non-native plant species establish and gain foliar cover.
C1 Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Stohlgren, TJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM tom_stohlgren@USGS.gov
RI Evangelista, Paul/F-4801-2011; Evangelista, Paul/D-2315-2016
NR 49
TC 10
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 11
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0032-079X
J9 PLANT SOIL
JI Plant Soil
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 277
IS 1-2
BP 7
EP 18
DI 10.1007/s11104-005-4893-5
PG 12
WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science
SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences
GA 987OR
UT WOS:000233527700002
ER
PT J
AU Verreault, J
Muir, DCG
Norstrom, RJ
Stirling, I
Fisk, AT
Gabrielsen, GW
Derocher, AE
Evans, TJ
Dietz, R
Sonne, C
Sandala, GM
Gebbink, W
Riget, FF
Born, EW
Taylor, MK
Nagy, J
Letcher, RJ
AF Verreault, J
Muir, DCG
Norstrom, RJ
Stirling, I
Fisk, AT
Gabrielsen, GW
Derocher, AE
Evans, TJ
Dietz, R
Sonne, C
Sandala, GM
Gebbink, W
Riget, FF
Born, EW
Taylor, MK
Nagy, J
Letcher, RJ
TI Chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminants and metabolites in polar bears
(Ursus maritimus) from Alaska, Canada, East Greenland, and Svalbard:
1996-2002
SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Canadian arctic; polar bears; Ursus maritimus; Arctic; chlorinated
hydrocarbon contaminants; metabolites; geographical trends; temporal
comparisons
ID MARINE FOOD-CHAINS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCB; PERSISTENT ORGANIC
POLLUTANTS; OC EXPOSURE IMPAIR; METHYL SULFONE PCB; TEMPORAL TRENDS;
ORGANOCHLORINE CONTAMINANTS; GEOGRAPHICAL-DISTRIBUTION;
GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; THYROID-HORMONES
AB A suite of chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminants (CHCs) including organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and by-products, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and methyl sulfone (MeSO2) PCB and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) metabolites were determined in adipose tissue of 107 adult and sub-adult polar bears, almost exclusively females, sampled between 1996 and 2002 from populations spanning Arctic and Subarctic regions of Alaska, Canada, East Greenland, and Svalbard. The East Greenland and Svalbard populations of polar bears were distinguished by higher proportions of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDT)-related compounds, nonachlors, oxychlordane, and higher-chlorinated and persistent PCB congeners (hepta- to nona-chlorinated). Conversely, Alaska, the westernmost population of the North American Arctic, was characterized by higher proportions of relatively volatile compounds such as hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and pentachlorobenzene (PnCBz), lower-chlorinated PCB congeners (tri- to penta-chlorinated), and lower proportions of oxychlordane. Geometric mean (GM) with 95% confidence limits (CL) Sigma HCH concentrations were highest in Alaska male polar bear fat samples (GM 593; CL 363-909 ng g(-1) lipid weight), Sigma DDT concentration were highest in East Greenland female samples (GM 309; CL 249-490 ng g(-1) l.w.), and Sigma 42PCB (GM 5972; CL 4637-9129 ng g(-1) l.w.) and IMeSO2-PCB (GM 198; CL 162-279 ng g(-1) l.w.) concentrations were highest in female samples collected from Svalbard. The distribution of Sigma-chlordane-related compounds (Sigma CHL), Sigma CBz, mirex, and dieldrin was relatively uniform among the populations of polar bears investigated. The present 1996-2002 data of female polar bear fat samples was compared to spatial assessments of female polar bear fat samples collected between 1989 and 1993 from comparable populations. The two-point temporal comparisons showed a general decrease for age-adjusted mean concentrations of Sigma CHL, p,p'-DDE, 142PCB, Sigma MeSO2-PCB and 3-MeSO2-p,p'-DDE over a period of approximately 10 years. However, concentrations of dieldrin were comparatively unchanged. Comparisons of present 2001-2002 concentrations in fat of female polar bears from Western Hudson Bay showed great consistency with temporal trends (1991-1999) previously reported for the same region, i.e. the apparent non-decreasing trend of Sigma CHL, beta-HCH, Sigma HCH and dieldrin, and the apparent declining trend for Sigma PCB. However, present concentrations of alpha-HCH and Sigma CBz were elevated, and Sigma DDT was notably lower in Western Hudson Bay samples compared to the last measurements in fat samples collected in 1999, which was not in accord with reported temporal trends for this region. As a result of their relatively high degree of contamination, East Greenland and Svalbard polar bears are at higher health risk of contaminant exposure among Arctic and Subarctic populations. In addition to continued biomonitoring, further research on health and population status is needed to evaluate the impact from chronic exposure of polar bear populations to CHCs and their metabolites. Crown Copyright (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Windsor, Great Lakes Inst Environm Res, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada.
Norwegian Polar Res Inst, NO-9296 Tromso, Norway.
Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada.
Carleton Univ, Ctr Analyt & Environm Chem, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Ottawa, ON T6B 2X3, Canada.
Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
Natl Environm Res Inst, Dept Arct Environm, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
Greenland Inst Nat Resources, DK-3900 Nuuk, Greenland.
Govt Nunavut, Dept Sustainable Dev, Iqaluit, NU, Canada.
Govt NW Terr, Dept Resources Wildlife & Econ Dev, Inuvik, NT X0E 0T0, Canada.
RP Letcher, RJ (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Environm Canada, Raven Rd, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada.
EM Robert.letcher@ec.gc.ca
RI Derocher, Andrew/J-4469-2012; Sonne, Christian/I-7532-2013; Riget,
Frank/J-3245-2013; Dietz, Rune/L-4640-2013; Gebbink, Wouter/M-9121-2014;
Dietz, Rune/F-9154-2015;
OI Derocher, Andrew/0000-0002-1104-7774; Sonne,
Christian/0000-0001-5723-5263; Muir, Derek/0000-0001-6631-9776
NR 69
TC 86
Z9 93
U1 5
U2 39
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0048-9697
EI 1879-1026
J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON
JI Sci. Total Environ.
PD DEC 1
PY 2005
VL 351
SI SI
BP 369
EP 390
DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.10.031
PG 22
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 998MG
UT WOS:000234322300015
PM 16115663
ER
PT J
AU Fotheringham, CJ
Keeley, JE
AF Fotheringham, CJ
Keeley, JE
TI NO news is no new news
SO SEED SCIENCE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Letter
ID INDUCED SEED-GERMINATION; NITRIC-OXIDE; SMOKE; OXIDATION
AB In the paper 'NO News', Preston et al. (2004) make a number of erroneous assumptions regarding nitrogen oxide chemistry. These authors also present some very significant misinterpretations of previous research into the effects of various nitrogen oxides on germination of post-fire followers. Methodological differences between the study by Preston et al. (2004) and previous work are also problematic, such as using NO-donors in solution versus the use of direct application of various nitrogen oxides in the gaseous phase. A closer review of these studies, with the proper understanding of nitrogen oxide chemistry, and interpretations of the available literature, would lead to the conclusion that, contrary to the authors' assertions, the Preston et al. (2004) study supports, rather than refutes, earlier findings by Keeley and Fotheringham (1997, 1998a, b, 2000).
C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA.
US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr Sequoia Natl Pk, Three Rivers, CA USA.
RP Fotheringham, CJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA.
EM seajay@ucla.edu
NR 9
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 1
PU CABI PUBLISHING
PI WALLINGFORD
PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, NOSWORTHY WAY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON,
ENGLAND
SN 0960-2585
J9 SEED SCI RES
JI Seed Sci. Res.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 15
IS 4
BP 367
EP 371
DI 10.1079/SSR2005227
PG 5
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA 996AQ
UT WOS:000234147200011
ER
PT J
AU Littlefield, CD
Johnson, DH
AF Littlefield, CD
Johnson, DH
TI Habitat preferences of migrant and wintering northern harriers in
northwestern Texas
SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
AB We studied habitat preferences of northern harriers (Circus cyaneus) ill 4 counties Of the Southern High Plains of northwestern Texas from October 1989 to May 1995. Harriers generally arrived in late July and departed in April. They hunted over a variety of habitats in the study area but mainly in Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) grasslands and vegetated playa basins. CRP grasslands, playa basins, and shortgrass prairie Were used disproportionately to their availability, Whereas winter wheat was used less than its availability Brown harriers (adult females Or subadults of either Sex) foraged in CRP about as often its adult males but more frequently ill playas and prairies, whereas adult males foraged more ill winter wheat. As underground water sources for irrigation continue to be depleted, agricultural practices are likely to change. Depending oil how the land is used after irrigation ceases, harriers might benefit if CRP grasslands, vegetated playas, and shortgrass prairies persist. If dominant land rise reverts to livestock grazing, however, the harrier population will be negatively affected.
C1 USGS No Priarie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA.
Biores Ranch, Rodeo, NM 88056 USA.
RP Johnson, DH (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, USGS No Priarie Wildlife Res Ctr, 204 Hodson Hall,1980 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
EM Douglas_H_Johnson@usgs.gov
NR 12
TC 4
Z9 6
U1 2
U2 10
PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS
PI SAN MARCOS
PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS,
TX 78666 USA
SN 0038-4909
J9 SOUTHWEST NAT
JI Southw. Natural.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 50
IS 4
BP 448
EP 452
DI 10.1894/0038-4909(2005)050[0448:HPOMAW]2.0.CO;2
PG 5
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 000XQ
UT WOS:000234496100005
ER
PT J
AU Bowers, JE
AF Bowers, JE
TI New evidence for persistent or transient seed banks in three Sonoran
Desert cacti
SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
ID FEROCACTUS-WISLIZENI CACTACEAE; PACHYCEREUS-PRINGLEI;
CARNEGIEA-GIGANTEA; GERMINATION RESPONSES; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; TRIOECIOUS
CACTUS; OPUNTIA-RASTRERA; TEMPERATURE; SIZE; DISPERSAL
AB Seedlings of Ferocaclus wislizeni and Mammillaria grahamii, 2 common cactus species ill tire northern Sonoran Desert, emerged under protective cages that had been left in place for 6 years after all initial sowing of numerous Carnegiea gigantea and E wislizeni seeds. because no seeds were sown in the interim, Mammillaria and Ferocactus seedlings must have emerged from persistent seed banks. Mammillaria seeds evidently survived in or oil the soil as long as 6 years, forming a long-term persistent seed bank, and Ferocactus seeds apparently survived tip to 3 years, forming a short-term persistent seed bank. No Carnegiea seedlings emerged, confirming that this species has a transient seed bank This is the first evidence for a between-year seed bank in M, grahamii and the first confirmation of a between-year seed bank in F wislizeni.
C1 US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA.
RP Bowers, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1675 W Anklam Rd, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA.
EM jebowers@usgs.gov
NR 46
TC 11
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 13
PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS
PI SAN MARCOS
PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS,
TX 78666 USA
SN 0038-4909
J9 SOUTHWEST NAT
JI Southw. Natural.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 50
IS 4
BP 482
EP 487
DI 10.1894/0038-4909(2005)050[0482:NEFPOT]2.0.CO;2
PG 6
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 000XQ
UT WOS:000234496100011
ER
PT J
AU Shankar, V
Orciari, LA
De Mattos, C
Kuzmin, IV
Pape, WJ
O'Shea, TJ
Rupprecht, CE
AF Shankar, V
Orciari, LA
De Mattos, C
Kuzmin, IV
Pape, WJ
O'Shea, TJ
Rupprecht, CE
TI Genetic divergence of rabies viruses from bat species of Colorado, USA
SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE rabies virus; bats; Colorado
ID UNITED-STATES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE; SEQUENCES
AB Molecular epidemiological studies have linked many cryptic human rabies cases in the United States with exposure to rabies virus (RV) variants associated with insectivorous bats. In Colorado, bats accounted for 98% of all reported animal rabies cases between 1977 and 1996. The genetic divergence of RV was investigated in bat and terrestrial animal specimens that were submitted for rabies diagnosis to the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE), Colorado, USA. RV isolates from animal specimens across the United States were also included in the analysis. Phylogenetic analyses were performed on partial nucleoprotein (N) gene sequences, which revealed seven principal clades. RV associated with the colonial big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus, an bats of the genus Myotis were found to segregate into two distinct clades (I and IV). Clade I was harbored by E. fuscus and Myotis species, but was also identified in terrestrial animals such as domestic cats and striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis). Clade IV was divided into subclades IVA, IVB, and IVC; IVA was identified in E. fuscus, and Myotis species bats, and also in a fox; subclades IVB and IVC circulated predominantly in E. fuscus. Clade II was formed by big free-tailed bat (Nyctinomops macrotis) and striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) samples. Clade III included RVs that are maintained by generally solitary, migratory bats such as the silver-haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans) and bats of the genus Lasiurus. Big brown bats were found to harbor this RV variant. None of the Colorado specimens segregated with clades V and VII that harbor RVs associated with terrestrial animals. Different species of bats had the same RV variant, indicating active inter-species rabies transmission. In Colorado, animal rabies occurs principally in bats, and the identification of bat RVs in cat, gray fox Urocyon cinereoargenteus), and striped skunks demonstrated the importance of rabies spillover from bats to domestic and terrestrial wildlife species.
C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
Colorago Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA.
US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA.
RP Shankar, V (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept State Hlth Serv, L-238-2,1100 W 49th St, Austin, TX 78756 USA.
EM vbs2@cdc.gov
NR 28
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 4
PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC
PI NEW ROCHELLE
PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA
SN 1530-3667
J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT
JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis.
PD WIN
PY 2005
VL 5
IS 4
BP 330
EP 341
DI 10.1089/vbz.2005.5.330
PG 12
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
GA 004UP
UT WOS:000234778200004
PM 16417429
ER
PT J
AU Nevers, MB
Whitman, RL
AF Nevers, MB
Whitman, RL
TI Nowcast modeling of Escherichia coli concentrations at multiple urban
beaches of southern Lake Michigan
SO WATER RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE indicator bacteria; beach closures; water quality; monitoring; Indiana
ID FECAL INDICATOR BACTERIA; WATER-QUALITY; HUNTINGTON-BEACH; NEARSHORE
WATER; ENTEROCOCCI; CALIFORNIA; SAND; POLLUTION; SEAWATER; SUNLIGHT
AB Predictive modeling for Escherichia coli concentrations at effluent-dominated beaches may be a favorable alternative to current, routinely criticized monitoring standards. The ability to model numerous beaches simultaneously and provide real-time data decreases cost and effort associated with beach monitoring. In 2004, five Lake Michigan beaches and the nearby Little Calumet River outfall were monitored for E coli 7 days a week; on nine occasions, samples were analyzed for coliphage to indicate a sewage source. Ambient lake, river, and weather conditions were measured or obtained from independent monitoring sources. Positive tests for coliphage analysis indicated sewage was present in the river and on bathing beaches following heavy rainfall. Models were developed separately for days with prevailing onshore and offshore winds due to the strong influence of wind direction in determining the river's impact on the beaches. Using regression modeling, it was determined that during onshore winds, E coli could be adequately predicted using wave height, lake chlorophyll and turbidity, and river turbidity (R-2 = 0.635, N = 94); model performance decreased for offshore winds using wave height, wave period, and precipitation (R 2 = 0.320, N = 124). Variation was better explained at individual beaches. Overall, the models only failed to predict E coli levels above the EPA closure limit (235 CFU/100 ml) on five of eleven occasions, indicating that the model is a more reliable alternative to the monitoring approach employed at most recreational beaches. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Porter, IN 46304 USA.
RP Nevers, MB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1100 N Mineral Springs Rd, Porter, IN 46304 USA.
EM mnevers@usgs.gov
OI Nevers, Meredith/0000-0001-6963-6734
NR 30
TC 88
Z9 88
U1 1
U2 23
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0043-1354
J9 WATER RES
JI Water Res.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 39
IS 20
BP 5250
EP 5260
DI 10.1016/j.watres.2005.10.012
PG 11
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources
GA 000EB
UT WOS:000234442600040
PM 16310242
ER
PT J
AU Gilbert, AT
Servello, FA
AF Gilbert, AT
Servello, FA
TI Insectivory versus piscivory in Black Terns: Implications for food
provisioning and growth of chicks
SO WATERBIRDS
LA English
DT Article
DE Black Tern; Chlidonias niger; foraging; insectivory; piscivory; Maine;
chicks
ID STERNA-HIRUNDO; COMMON TERN; BREEDING SUCCESS; SANDWICH TERNS; ROSEATE
TERN; BROOD SIZE; EFFICIENCY; MAINE; DIET; CONSEQUENCES
AB The Black Tern (Chlidonias niger) is known for insectivory in their breeding range, but they are piscivorous in winter and feed some fish to chicks. Fish have potentially high value for chick provisioning because of their larger mass, but the relative value of fish and insect diets for chick growth is unknown. In 1999-2000, we documented use of fish and insects for provisioning chicks at four Black Tern colonies in Maine and examined chick growth rates at two colonies (Douglas Pond and Carlton Pond) that differed in fish and insect use. Deliveries of fish and insects to broods were documented using video cameras and observations from blinds, while concurrently measuring chick growth in nest enclosures. Fish rise was substantial (> 25% of deliveries) at three Of four colonies. Fish comprised 29% of items and 56% of metabolizable energy delivered to chicks at Douglas Pond compared to 13% of items and 22% of metabolizeable energy at Carlton Pond. Food delivery rate was inversely related to the proportion of large fish in brood diets at Douglas and Carlton Ponds and increased with brood age at Carlton Pond only, apparently due to high insect use. Chick growth rate did not vary with respect to fish and insect composition of diets. It is concluded that adults were able to raise chicks through age 12 d at comparable growth rates with insect- or fish-dominated diets. Use of fish may be more energy efficient for adults, and the capability to use both fish and insects may reduce potential variability in food availability during the breeding season.
C1 Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA.
RP Gilbert, AT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 196 Whitten Rd, Augusta, ME 04330 USA.
EM agilbert@usgs.gov
NR 46
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 9
PU WATERBIRD SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA
SN 1524-4695
J9 WATERBIRDS
JI Waterbirds
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 28
IS 4
BP 436
EP 444
DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2005)28[436:IVPIBT]2.0.CO;2
PG 9
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 003NP
UT WOS:000234689200006
ER
PT J
AU Newbrey, JL
Bozek, MA
Niemuth, ND
AF Newbrey, JL
Bozek, MA
Niemuth, ND
TI Effects of lake characteristics and human disturbance on the presence of
piscivorous birds in Northern Wisconsin, USA
SO WATERBIRDS
LA English
DT Article
DE habitat; human disturbance; lacustrine; lake characteristics; northern
Wisconsin; piscivorous birds; species richness
ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; FISH; REPRODUCTION; ABUNDANCE; RICHNESS; DENSITY;
AREA
AB Despite Current anthropogenic alterations to riparian areas and littoral zones of lakes, little information is available on how human-induced alterations affect lacustrine habitat use by many piscivorous birds in northern Wisconsin, USA. The influence of lake characteristics and human disturbance on species richness and the presence of seven species of piscivorous birds was determined on 98 lakes located primarily in Vilas and Oneida counties, Wisconsin. Lakes were surveyed for species presence using shoreline perimeter surveys with total searching time standardized to two, one-hour surveys per lake. Piscivorous bird species richness was highest on large lakes with high pH levels. Using logistic regression, many species were found to be present on lakes possessing characteristics associated with high abundances of fish, including lake surface area, pH, and water clarity. At least one of these variables was included in the final models for species richness and presence of the Common Merganser (Mergus merganser), Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias), and Ring-billed Gull (Larus delawarensis). Three species avoided lakes possessing characteristics associated with high levels of human disturbance; the Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) was not found on lakes with low percentages of macrophytes, the Common Merganser was absent on lakes with low water clarity, and the Common Loon (Gavia immer) was not present on lakes with many cottages. Many species of piscivorous birds were widespread regardless of the degree of human development, indicating that habituation to humans may have occurred. In addition, density-dependent factors may have precluded identification of optimal lake characteristics for some species due to habitat saturation.
C1 Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Wisconsin Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA.
US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Habitat & Populat Evaluat Team, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA.
RP Newbrey, JL (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA.
EM jennifer.newbrey@ndsu.edu
NR 35
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 4
U2 19
PU WATERBIRD SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA
SN 1524-4695
J9 WATERBIRDS
JI Waterbirds
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 28
IS 4
BP 478
EP 486
DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2005)28[478:EOLCAH]2.0.CO;2
PG 9
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 003NP
UT WOS:000234689200011
ER
PT J
AU Coleman, JTH
Richmond, ME
Rudstam, LG
Mattison, PM
AF Coleman, JTH
Richmond, ME
Rudstam, LG
Mattison, PM
TI Foraging location and site fidelity of the double-crested cormorant on
Oneida Lake, New York
SO WATERBIRDS
LA English
DT Article
DE Double-crested Cormorant; Phalacrocorax auritus; foraging; radio
tracking; CIS; repeated measures; kernel home range; compositional
analysis; site fidelity; Oneida Lake
ID SHAGS PHALACROCORAX-ARISTOTELIS; YELLOW PERCH; FEEDING LOCATIONS;
LITTORAL FISHES; EASTERN BASIN; ZEBRA MUSSELS; HABITAT USE; POPULATION;
RANGE; PREDATION
AB We studied the foraging behavior of the Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) on Oneida Lake, NewYork, by monitoring the activities of 27 radio-tagged birds in July and August of 1999 and 2000. A total of 224 locations were obtained of cormorants actively diving, and presumed foraging, at the time of detection. A geographic information system was used to examine foraging distances front the nesting island, the water depth and type of substrate at preferred foraging sites, and to estimate kernel home ranges for analysis of individual foraging site fidelity. An explanatory model was developed to determine parameters affecting the distance to cormorant foraging sites. The mean distance to foraging locations of tagged cormorants from the colony site was 2,920 m (SE 180 m, max = 14,190 m), and 52% of the locations were within 2,000 m of the nesting island. No cormorant was observed making daily foraging trips to outside water bodies. Mean foraging distance was greater during morning than in the afternoon, and there was a significant effect of the time of day on distance. There was no significant effect of sex date, a seasonal measure on distance to foraging location. Individual cormorants exhibited fidelity to specific foraging sites. Most cormorants foraged in close proximity to the nesting island much of the time, while those detected further from the island tended to return repeatedly to the same locations. Ninety percent of the foraging locations were in water depths <= 7.5 m, and most were in water 2.5-5 m deep. Compositional analysis of habitat use revealed a preference for these depths, along with substrates of cobble with rubble, and silt with clay.
C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Cornell Biol Field Stn, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA.
RP Coleman, JTH (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
EM jtc14@cornell.edu
NR 73
TC 21
Z9 22
U1 5
U2 12
PU WATERBIRD SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA
SN 1524-4695
J9 WATERBIRDS
JI Waterbirds
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 28
IS 4
BP 498
EP 510
DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2005)28[498:FLASFO]2.0.CO;2
PG 13
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 003NP
UT WOS:000234689200013
ER
PT J
AU Ferguson, LM
Jodice, PGR
Post, W
Sanders, FI
AF Ferguson, LM
Jodice, PGR
Post, W
Sanders, FI
TI Reddish egret extends its breeding range along the north American
Atlantic coast into South Carolina
SO WATERBIRDS
LA English
DT Article
DE Reddish Egret; Egretta rufescens; breeding range; South Carolina; Cape
Romain National Wildlife Refuge
AB We report the northernmost breeding record of the Reddish Egret (Egretta rufescens) along the North American Atlantic Coast. Nesting activity was first seen in late May 2004, and on 6 July, 2004 a nest was discovered with two young chicks on Marsh Island, a barrier island located within Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge, South Carolina, USA. Reddish Egret nestlings were last observed within 1 m of the nest on 30 July 2004. This represents a northward extension of ca. 450 km in the breeding range of this species and, for the U.S. Atlantic Coast, the only recorded instance of nesting north of Florida.
C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA.
Clemson Univ, USGS, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA.
Charleston Museum, Charleston, SC 29403 USA.
S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Santee Coastal Reserve, McClellanville, SC 29458 USA.
RP Ferguson, LM (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA.
EM lfergus@clemson.edu
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 8
PU WATERBIRD SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA
SN 1524-4695
J9 WATERBIRDS
JI Waterbirds
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 28
IS 4
BP 525
EP 526
DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2005)28[525:REEIBR]2.0.CO;2
PG 2
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 003NP
UT WOS:000234689200017
ER
PT J
AU Davis, SM
Gaiser, EE
Loftus, WF
Huffman, AE
AF Davis, SM
Gaiser, EE
Loftus, WF
Huffman, AE
TI Southern marl prairies conceptual ecological model
SO WETLANDS
LA English
DT Article
DE Everglades; marl prairie; conceptual ecological model; ecosystem
restoration; periphyton; Cape Sable seaside sparrow; wetland plant
communities; American alligator; marsh fish populations
ID FLORIDA EVERGLADES; PERIPHYTON MATS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ALLIGATOR
NESTS; ENRICHMENT; PHOSPHORUS; CRAYFISH; WETLAND
AB About 190,000 ha of higher-elevation marl prairies flank either side of Shark River Slough in the southern Everglades. Water levels typically drop below the ground surface each year in this landscape. Consequently, peat soil accretion is inhibited, and substrates consist either of calcitic marl produced by algal periphyton mats or exposed limestone bedrock. The southern marl prairies support complex mosaics of wet prairie, sawgrass sawgrass (Cladium jamaicense), tree islands, and tropical hammock communities and a high diversity of plant species. However, relatively short hydroperiods and annual dry downs provide stressful conditions for aquatic fauna, affecting survival in the dry season when surface water is absent. Here, we present a conceptual ecological model developed for this landscape through scientific concensus, use of empirical data, and modeling. The two major societal drivers affecting the southern marl prairies are water management practices and agricultural and urban development. These drivers lead to five groups of ecosystem stressors: loss of spatial extent and connectivity, shortened hydroperiod and increased drought severity, extended hydroperiod and drying pattern reversals, introduction and spread of non-native trees, and introduction and spread of non-native fishes. Major ecological attributes include periphyton mats, plant species diversity and community mosaic, Cape Sable seaside sparrow (Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis), marsh fishes and associated aquatic fauna prey base, American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis), and wading bird early dry season foraging. Water management and development are hypothesized to have a negative effect on the ecological attributes of the southern marl prairies in the following ways. Periphyton mats have decreased in cover in areas where hydroperiod has been significantly reduced and changed in community composition due to inverse responses to increased nutrient availability. Plant species diversity and community mosaics have changed due to shifting gradients to more terrestrial or more aquatic communities, displacement of native communities by non-natives, expansion of woody plants, high-intensity dry season fires, tree-island burnout, and reduced microtopography resulting from alligator population decline. Cape Sable seaside sparrow populations are threatened by nest destruction resulting from extended hydroperiods, drying pattern reversals, and high intensity dry season fires, as well as by the expansion of woody plants into graminoid wetland habitats. Populations of marsh fishes and associated aquatic fauna that constitute the aquatic prey base for higher vertebrates have decreased in density and changed in species composition and size structure due to loss of wetland spatial extent, shortened hydroperiod, increased drought severity, loss of aquatic drought refugia in solution holes and alligator holes, and spread of exotic fishes. American alligator populations have declined in the Rocky Glades, and alligator holes have filled with sediment, as a result of shortened hydroperiod and increased drought severity. Habitat options for wading birds to forage during the early dry season and during unusually wet years have been reduced due to loss of spatial extent and shortened hydroperiod.
C1 S Florida Water Management Dist, W Palm Beach, FL 33406 USA.
Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA.
US Geol Survey, Homestead, FL 33034 USA.
RP Davis, SM (reprint author), S Florida Water Management Dist, W Palm Beach, FL 33406 USA.
NR 55
TC 29
Z9 31
U1 4
U2 25
PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0277-5212
J9 WETLANDS
JI Wetlands
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 25
IS 4
BP 821
EP 831
DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2005)025[0821:SMPCEM]2.0.CO;2
PG 11
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 996RT
UT WOS:000234192800003
ER
PT J
AU Davis, SM
Childers, DL
Lorenz, JJ
Wanless, HR
Hopkins, TE
AF Davis, SM
Childers, DL
Lorenz, JJ
Wanless, HR
Hopkins, TE
TI A conceptual model of ecological interactions in the mangrove estuaries
of the Florida Everglades
SO WETLANDS
LA English
DT Article
DE Everglades; South Florida; ecosystem restoration; conceptual ecological
model; mangrove forest; tidal creeks; estuaries; salinity gradients;
water management; sea-level rise; estuarine geomorphology; fish
communities; wood stork; roseate spoonbill; American crocodile
ID L. SEEDLING DEVELOPMENT; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; CROCODYLUS-ACUTUS; BAY;
PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; ALLIGATOR; WATER
AB A brackish water ecotone of coastal bays and lakes, mangrove forests, salt marshes, tidal creeks, and upland hammocks separates Florida Bay, Biscayne Bay, and the Gulf of Mexico from the freshwater Everglades. The Everglades mangrove estuaries are characterized by salinity gradients that vary spatially with topography and vary seasonally and inter-annually with rainfall, tide, and freshwater flow from the Everglades. Because of their location at the lower end of the Everglades drainage basin, Everglades mangrove estuaries have been affected by upstream water management practices that have altered the freshwater heads and flows and that affect salinity gradients. Additionally, interannual variation in precipitation patterns, particularly those caused to El Nino events, control freshwater inputs and salinity dynamics in these estuaries. Two major external drivers on this system are water management activities and global climate change. These drivers lead to two major ecosystem stressors: reduced freshwater flow volume and duration, and sea-level rise. Major ecological attributes include mangrove forest production, soil accretion, and resilience; coastal lake submerged aquatic vegetation; resident mangrove fish populations; wood stork (Mycteria americana) and roseate spoonbill (Platelea ajaja) nesting colonies; and estuarine crocodilian populations. Causal linkages between stressors and attributes include coastal transgression, hydroperiods, salinity gradients, and the "white zone" freshwater/estuarine interface. The functional estuary and its ecological attributes, as influenced by sea level and freshwater flow, must be viewed as spatially dynamic, with a possible near-term balancing of transgression but ultimately a long-term continuation of inland movement. Regardless of the spatio-temporal timing of this transgression, a salinity gradient supportive of ecologically functional Everglades mangrove estuaries will be required to maintain the integrity of the South Florida ecosystem.
C1 S Florida Water Management Dist, W Palm Beach, FL 33406 USA.
Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA.
Natl Audobon Soc, Tavernier, FL 33070 USA.
Univ Miami, Dept Geol Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Vero Beach, FL 32960 USA.
RP Davis, SM (reprint author), S Florida Water Management Dist, 3301 Gun Club Rd, W Palm Beach, FL 33406 USA.
NR 59
TC 46
Z9 49
U1 9
U2 77
PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0277-5212
J9 WETLANDS
JI Wetlands
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 25
IS 4
BP 832
EP 842
DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2005)025[0832:ACMOEI]2.0.CO;2
PG 11
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 996RT
UT WOS:000234192800004
ER
PT J
AU Browder, JA
Alleman, R
Markley, S
Ortner, P
Pitts, PA
AF Browder, JA
Alleman, R
Markley, S
Ortner, P
Pitts, PA
TI Biscayne Bay conceptual ecological model
SO WETLANDS
LA English
DT Article
DE Biscayne Bay; seagrass; dolphins; manatees; fish; pink shrimp; water
quality; coastal wetlands; freshwater inflow
ID PERKINSUS-MARINUS DISEASE; WATER CANAL DISCHARGE; FLORIDA; SALINITY;
EPIZOOTIOLOGY; CONTAMINANTS; OYSTERS; FIELD
AB Biscayne Bay is a naturally clear-water bay that spans the length of Miami-Dade County, Florida, USA. It is bordered on the east by barrier islands that include Miami Beach and is an almost completely urban bay in the north and a relatively natural bay in the south. Planned water management changes in the next few years may decrease freshwater flows to the bay from present sources, while offering reclaimed wastewater in return. In addition, a project is planned to restore the former diffuse freshwater flow to the bay through many small creeks crossing coastal wetlands by redistributing the water that now flows into the bay through several large canals. To guide a science-based, adaptive-management approach to water-management planning, a conceptual ecological model of Biscayne Bay was developed based upon a series of open workshops involving researchers familiar with Biscayne Bay. The CEM model relates ecological attributes of the bay to outside forcing functions, identified as water management, watershed development, and sea-level rise. The model depicts the effects of these forcing functions on the ecological attributes of the bay through four stressors. The hypothesized pathways of these effects include salinity patterns, water quality, sediment contaminant concentrations, and physical impacts. Major research questions were identified with regard to uncertainties explicit in the model. The issues addressed include, for example (1) the quantitative relationship between upstream water management, rainfall, and flow into Biscayne Bay; (2) the salinity gradient required to restore the historical estuarine fish community; (3) the potential effect of freshwater inputs on benthic habitats; (4) the effect of introduced nutrient and contaminant loads, including the effects of reclaimed wastewater.
C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
S Florida Water Management Dist, W Palm Beach, FL 33406 USA.
Miami Dade Cty Dept Environm Resources Management, Miami, FL 33130 USA.
NOAA, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Vero Beach, FL 32960 USA.
RP Browder, JA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
NR 88
TC 15
Z9 16
U1 3
U2 21
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0277-5212
EI 1943-6246
J9 WETLANDS
JI Wetlands
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 25
IS 4
BP 854
EP 869
DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2005)025[0854:BBCEM]2.0.CO;2
PG 16
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 996RT
UT WOS:000234192800006
ER
PT J
AU Gould, WR
Smallidge, ST
Thompson, BC
AF Gould, WR
Smallidge, ST
Thompson, BC
TI Mark-resight superpopulation estimation of a wintering elk Cervus
elaphus canadensis herd
SO WILDLIFE BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE aerial surveys; Cervus elaphus canadensis; detection; elk; helicopter;
mark-resight; population estimation; superpopulation
ID POPULATION-SIZE; WILDLIFE POPULATIONS; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; BASICS RIGHT;
MULE DEER; SURVIVAL; COLORADO; DENSITY; NEED
AB We executed four mark-resight helicopter surveys during the winter months January-February for each of the three years 1999-2001 at 7- 10 day intervals to estimate population size of a wintering elk Cervus elaphus canadensis herd in northern New Mexico. We counted numbers of radio-collared and uncollared elk on a simple random sample of quadrats from the study area. Because we were unable to survey the entire study area, we adopted a superpopulation approach to estimating population size, in which the total number of collared animals within and proximate to the entire study area was determined from an independent fixed-wing aircraft. The total number of collared animals available on the quadrats surveyed was also determined and facilitated detectability estimation. We executed superpopulation estimation via the joint hypergeometric estimator using the ratio of marked elk counted to the known number extant as an estimate of effective detectability. Superpopulation size estimates were approximately four times larger than previously suspected in the vicinity of the study area. Despite consistent survey methodology, actual detection rates varied within winter periods, indicating that multiple resight flights are important for improved estimator performance. Variable detectability also suggests that reliance on mere counts of observed individuals in our area may not accurately reflect abundance.
C1 New Mexico State Univ, Univ Stat Ctr, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA.
USGS Biol Resources, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA.
RP Gould, WR (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Univ Stat Ctr, Box 30001, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA.
EM wgould@nmsu.edu; ssmallid@nmsu.edu; bcthompson@state.nm.us
NR 35
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 9
PU WILDLIFE BIOLOGY
PI RONDE
PA C/O JAN BERTELSEN, GRENAAVEJ 14, KALO, DK-8410 RONDE, DENMARK
SN 0909-6396
J9 WILDLIFE BIOL
JI Wildlife Biol.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 11
IS 4
BP 341
EP 349
DI 10.2981/0909-6396(2005)11[341:MSEOAW]2.0.CO;2
PG 9
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 994VR
UT WOS:000234059800008
ER
PT J
AU Burch, JW
Adams, LG
Follmann, EH
Rexstad, EA
AF Burch, JW
Adams, LG
Follmann, EH
Rexstad, EA
TI Evaluation of wolf density estimation from radiotelemetry data
SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
DE Alaska; Canis lupus; Denali National Park; density; home range;
radiotelemetry; wolf
ID HOME-RANGE; POPULATION-DENSITY; WOLVES; SIZE; SIMULATION; TELEMETRY
AB Density estimation of wolves (Canis lupus) requires a count of individuals and an estimate of the area those individuals inhabit. With radiomarked wolves, the count is straightforward but estimation of the area is more difficult and often given inadequate attention. The population area, based on the mosaic of pack territories, is influenced by sampling intensity similar to the estimation of individual home ranges. If sampling intensity is low, population area will be underestimated and wolf density will be inflated. Using data from studies in Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska, we investigated these relationships using Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate effects of radiolocation effort and number of marked packs on density estimation. As the number of adjoining pack home ranges increased, fewer relocations were necessary to define a given percentage of population area. We present recommendations for monitoring wolves via radiotelemetry.
C1 Natl Pk Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
RP Burch, JW (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, 201 First Ave, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
EM john_burch@nps.gov
OI Rexstad, Eric/0000-0002-4323-8161
NR 39
TC 9
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 17
PU WILDLIFE SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA
SN 0091-7648
J9 WILDLIFE SOC B
JI Wildl. Soc. Bull.
PD WIN
PY 2005
VL 33
IS 4
BP 1225
EP 1236
DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[1225:EOWDEF]2.0.CO;2
PG 12
WC Biodiversity Conservation
SC Biodiversity & Conservation
GA 033HA
UT WOS:000236836500005
ER
PT J
AU Sawyer, H
Lindzey, F
McWhirter, D
AF Sawyer, H
Lindzey, F
McWhirter, D
TI Mule deer and pronghorn migration in western Wyoming
SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
DE Antilocapra americana; bottleneck; migration; mule deer; Odocoileus
hemionus; pronghorn; seasonal range; Wyoming
ID SOUTHEASTERN IDAHO; HABITAT; MOVEMENT; PATTERNS; BEHAVIOR
AB Migratory mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) populations rely on seasonal ranges to meet their annual nutritional and energetic requirements. Because seasonal ranges often occur great distances apart and across a mix of vegetation types and land ownership, maintaining migration corridors to and from these ranges can be difficult, especially if managers do not have detailed information on mule deer and pronghorn seasonal movements. We captured, radiomarked, and monitored mule deer (n=171) and pronghorn (n=34) in western Wyoming to document seasonal distribution patterns and migration routes. Mule deer and pronghorn migrated 20-158 km and 116-258 km, respectively, between seasonal ranges. These distances represented the longest recorded migrations for either species. We identified a number of bottlenecks along the migration routes of mule deer and pronghorn, but the most critical appeared to be the 1.6-km-wide Trapper's Point bottleneck, which was used by both mule deer and pronghorn during their spring and autumn migrations. Housing developments and roadways apparently have reduced the effective width of this bottleneck to < 0.8 km. We estimate 2,500-3,500 mule deer and 1,500-2,000 pronghorn move through the bottleneck twice a year during spring and autumn migrations. Identification and protection of migration corridors and bottlenecks will be necessary to maintain mule deer and pronghorn populations throughout their range.
C1 Western EcoSyst Technol Inc, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA.
Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Cody, WY 82414 USA.
RP Sawyer, H (reprint author), Western EcoSyst Technol Inc, 2003 Cent Ave, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA.
EM hsawyer@west-inc.com
NR 33
TC 56
Z9 60
U1 2
U2 39
PU WILDLIFE SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA
SN 0091-7648
J9 WILDLIFE SOC B
JI Wildl. Soc. Bull.
PD WIN
PY 2005
VL 33
IS 4
BP 1266
EP 1273
DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[1266:MDAPMI]2.0.CO;2
PG 8
WC Biodiversity Conservation
SC Biodiversity & Conservation
GA 033HA
UT WOS:000236836500009
ER
PT J
AU Chouinard, MD
Kaminski, RM
Gerard, PD
Dinsmore, SJ
AF Chouinard, MD
Kaminski, RM
Gerard, PD
Dinsmore, SJ
TI Experimental evaluation of duck nesting structures in Prairie Parkland
Canada
SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
DE Anas platyrhynchos; Canada; ducklings; mallard; Manitoba; nest
structure; nest success; Prairie Parkland Region
ID FEMALE MALLARDS; BASKETS; SUCCESS; OVERWATER; SURVIVAL; DAKOTA; BROODS
AB Overwater nesting structures for ducks have been used primarily to increase mallard (Alias platyrhynchos) production where success of ground-nesting hens was low (< 15%), such as in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) in North America. However, managers have inquired about recommended numbers of nest structures for small wetlands (i.e., < 2 ha) based on cluck-production and benefit-cost evaluations, but such data were not available. Therefore, we conducted an experiment in the PPR in Manitoba, Canada, in 2001 and 2002 to test the effects of different treatment numbers of nest structures/wetland (I, 2, or 4) and wetland area (<= 0.4 or 0.45-1.5 ha) on use of structures by nesting ducks, nest success, and number of ducklings produced, as well as to evaluate cost-benefits of the structures. Across duck species, mean use of structures by nesting hens increased 56% between years (F-1,F-107=14.29, P < 0.001); however, by year 2 use did not differ among treatment numbers of structures and averaged 78% (t(157)=-0-1 5-1.08, P > 0.28). Apparent nest success averaged 99% across treatment numbers of structures in 2001, but it did not differ among treatments (F-2,F-72=0.93, P=0.40) and decreased to all overall 48% in 2002, largely due to egg predation by corvids. Mean number of ducklings departing structures did not vary between years (F-1,F-54=238, P=0.13), but treatment number of structures influenced mean number of ducklings (pooled over 2001 and 2002) exiting structures (F-2,F-54=4.54, P=0.02). Mean numbers of ducklings departing 1 and 2 structures/wetland did not differ (t(54)=0.29, P=0.77; pooled; (x) over bar =4.61 ducklings), but each respective mean was nearly twice that from 4 structures/wetland (t(54)=2.26-2.51, P < 0.03). Neither wetland area nor any interactions influenced any analysis (F-1-2,F-54-157=0-1.11, P >= 0.33). We concluded that 2 structures/wetland was cost-effective ($2.16/fledged duck [U.S]) for consideration among other management strategies to increase nest success of mallards in the PPR; however, managers should monitor duckling production from structures to determine whether our initial recommendation from a single study area warrants change.
C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
Mississippi State Univ, Expt Stat Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
RP Chouinard, MD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ruby Lake Natl Wildlife Refuge, Ruby Valley, NV 89833 USA.
EM matt_chouinard@fws.gov
NR 41
TC 3
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 4
PU WILDLIFE SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA
SN 0091-7648
J9 WILDLIFE SOC B
JI Wildl. Soc. Bull.
PD WIN
PY 2005
VL 33
IS 4
BP 1321
EP 1329
DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[1321:EEODNS]2.0.CO;2
PG 9
WC Biodiversity Conservation
SC Biodiversity & Conservation
GA 033HA
UT WOS:000236836500015
ER
PT J
AU Bales, SL
Hellgren, EC
Leslie, DM
Hemphill, J
AF Bales, SL
Hellgren, EC
Leslie, DM
Hemphill, J
TI Dynamics of a recolonizing population of black bears in the Ouachita
Mountains of Oklahoma
SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
DE age structure; black bear; Oklahoma; population dynamics;
recolonization; reproduction; survival; Ursus americanus
ID SURVIVAL; ARKANSAS; EXPANSION; DISPERSAL; ECOLOGY
AB Understanding how populations expand to recolonize former habitats is important to restoration efforts in wildlife management and conservation. Translocation of black bears (Ursus americanus) to Arkansas in the 1950s and 1960s has led to recolonization of former bear range in Oklahoma, with substantial increases in distribution and abundance of the species in Oklahoma over the last 15 years. We studied demographics of black bears in southeastern Oklahoma from May 2001 to November 2002 to provide insight into characteristics of recolonizing populations of large carnivores. We trapped 51 black bears (22 M, 29 F) 77 times and radiocollared 25 female bears. Sex ratios of adults and cubs were skewed toward females, and the age structure was younger than observed in other unharvested populations. Survival of adult females was estimated at 0.9 +/- 0.1, and fertility was estimated at 0.77 female young/female/year. Density on the study area was estimated at 0.21 bears/km(2) and the current finite growth rate (lambda) of the study population was estimated to be 1.11/year. Demographic characteristics of the Oklahoma population of black bears were similar to those of other recolonizing populations of large carnivores.
C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA.
Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA.
Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA.
Oklahoma Dept Wildlife Conservat, Hodgen, OK 74939 USA.
RP Bales, SL (reprint author), Oklahoma Dept Wildlife Conservat, USDA, 100,Suite 203, Stillwater, OK 74074 USA.
EM hellgren@siu.edu
OI Hellgren, Eric/0000-0002-3870-472X
NR 38
TC 31
Z9 32
U1 2
U2 26
PU WILDLIFE SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA
SN 0091-7648
J9 WILDLIFE SOC B
JI Wildl. Soc. Bull.
PD WIN
PY 2005
VL 33
IS 4
BP 1342
EP 1351
DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[1342:DOARPO]2.0.CO;2
PG 10
WC Biodiversity Conservation
SC Biodiversity & Conservation
GA 033HA
UT WOS:000236836500018
ER
PT J
AU Brongo, LL
Mitchell, MS
Grand, JB
AF Brongo, LL
Mitchell, MS
Grand, JB
TI Effects of trapping with bait on bait-station indices to black bear
abundance
SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
DE bait-station index; black bears; mark-recapture; North Carolina;
relative abundance; southern Appalachians; Ursus americanus
AB Indices of relative abundance allow managers and researchers to examine changes in Population size over time or compare relative population sizes in different areas. In the Pisgah Bear Sanctuary, bait-station surveys were conducted in most years from 1983 to 2000 to follow trends over time in the black bear (Ursus americanus) population. Baited bear trapping also took place in the sanctuary during those years, and some trap lines coincided with bait-station lines. Because the same baits were used for both trapping and bait station lines, we hypothesized that visitation rates of bears to bait stations established in proximity to baited trap lines would differ from rates at bait stations that were not associated with baited trap lines. We modeled probability of bait stations being visited by bears on trapped and untrapped lines to estimate the effect baited trapping had on visitation rates. We found that population trends inferred from bait-station visits in areas that also were trapped with bait were biased high and that bias increased over time. Bears may have become habituated to the bait on trap lines and incorporated it as a regular food source. Bait-station indices should not be conducted near research sites that employ similar bait when both produce a tangible reward for the animals.
C1 Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
Auburn Univ, US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
RP Brongo, LL (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, 108 M White Smith Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
EM llbrongo@yahoo.com
RI Mitchell, Michael/H-1117-2011
NR 10
TC 1
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 6
PU WILDLIFE SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA
SN 0091-7648
J9 WILDLIFE SOC B
JI Wildl. Soc. Bull.
PD WIN
PY 2005
VL 33
IS 4
BP 1357
EP 1361
DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[1357:EOTWBO]2.0.CO;2
PG 5
WC Biodiversity Conservation
SC Biodiversity & Conservation
GA 033HA
UT WOS:000236836500020
ER
PT J
AU Wear, BJ
Eastridge, R
Clark, JD
AF Wear, BJ
Eastridge, R
Clark, JD
TI Factors affecting settling, survival, and viability of black bears
reintroduced to Felsenthal National Wildlife Refuge, Arkansas
SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
DE black bear; Felsenthal; poaching; population model; reintroduction;
Ursus americanus; White River
ID TRANSLOCATION; ERROR; TRIANGULATION; POPULATION; TELEMETRY; DYNAMICS
AB We used radiotelemetry and population modeling techniques to examine factors related to population establishment of black bears (Ursus americanus) reintroduced to Felsenthal National Wildlife Refuge (NWR), Arkansas. Our objectives were to determine whether settling (i.e., establishment of a home range at or near the release site), survival, recruitment, and population viability were related to age class of reintroduced bears, presence of cubs, time since release, or number of translocated animals. We removed 23 adult female black bears with 56 cubs from their winter dens at White River NWR and transported them 160 km to man-made den structures at Felsenthal NWR during spring 2000-2002. Total movement and average circuity of adult females decreased from I month, 6 months, and 1 year post-emergence (F-2,F-14 =19.7, P < 0.001 and F-2,F-14 =5.76, P=0.015, respectively). Mean first-year post-release survival of adult female bears was 0.624 (SE=0.110, SEinterannual = 0.144), and the survival rate of their Cubs was 0.750 (SE=0.088, SEinterannual=0.109). The homing rate (i.e., the proportion of bears that returned to White River NWR) was 13%. Annual survival for female bears that remained at the release site and survived > 1-year post-release increased to 0.909 (SE=0.097, SEinterannual=0.067; Z=3.5, P < 0.001). Based on stochastic population growth simulations, the average annual growth rate (lambda) was 1.093 (SD=0.053) and the probability of extinction with no additional stockings ranged from 0.56-1.30%. The bear population at Felsenthal NWR is at or above the number after which extinction risk declines dramatically, although additional releases of bears could significantly decrease time to Population reestablishment. Poaching accounted for at least 3 of the 8 adult mortalities that we documented; illegal kills Could be a significant impediment to Population re-establishment at Felsenthal NWR should poaching rates escalate.
C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
Arkansas Game & Fish Commiss, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA.
Univ Tennessee, US Geol Survey, So Appalachian Res Branch, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
RP Wear, BJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, 274 Ellington Plant Sci Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
EM jclark1@utk.edu
NR 58
TC 18
Z9 19
U1 6
U2 25
PU WILDLIFE SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA
SN 0091-7648
J9 WILDLIFE SOC B
JI Wildl. Soc. Bull.
PD WIN
PY 2005
VL 33
IS 4
BP 1363
EP 1374
DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[1363:FASSAV]2.0.CO;2
PG 12
WC Biodiversity Conservation
SC Biodiversity & Conservation
GA 033HA
UT WOS:000236836500021
ER
PT J
AU Springborn, EG
Meyers, JM
AF Springborn, EG
Meyers, JM
TI Home range and survival of breeding painted buntings on Sapelo Island,
Georgia
SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
DE Georgia; home range; maritime shrub; movement; painted bunting;
Passerina ciris; pine-oak forest; Sapelo Island; wetlands
ID RADIO TRANSMITTERS; WOOD THRUSHES; HABITAT; TELEMETRY; TRACKING; DESIGN;
SINKS
AB The southeastern United States population of the painted bunting (Passerina ciris) has decreased approximately 75% from 1966-1996 based on Breeding Bird Survey trends. Partners in Flight guidelines recommend painted bunting conservation as a high priority with a need for management by state and federal agencies. Basic information on home range and survival of breeding painted buntings will provide managers with required habitat types and estimates of land areas necessary to maintain minimum population sizes for this species. We radiotracked after-second-year male and after-hatching-year female buntings on Sapelo Island, Georgia, during the breeding seasons (late April-early August) of 1997 and 1998. We used the animal movement extension in ArcView to determine fixed-kernel home range in an unmanaged maritime shrub and managed 60-80-year-old pine (Pinus spp.)-oak Quercus spp.) forest. Using the Kaplan-Meier method, we estimated an adult breeding season survival of 1.00 for males (n = 36) and 0.94 (SE = 0.18)for females(n=27). Painted bunting home ranges were smaller in unmanaged maritime shrub (female: kernel (x) over bar = 3.5 ha [95% CI: 2.5-4.51; male: kernel (x) over bar = 3.1 ha [95% CI: 2.3-3.9]) compared to those in managed pine-oak forests (female: kernel (x) over bar = 4.7 ha [95% CI: 2.8-6.6]; male: kernel (x) over bar = 7.0 ha [95% CI: 4.9-9.1]). Buntings nesting in the managed pine-oak forest flew long distances (>= 300 m) to forage in salt marshes, freshwater wetlands, and moist forest clearings. In maritime shrub buntings occupied a compact area and rarely moved long distances. The painted bunting population of Sapelo Island requires conservation of maritime shrub as potential optimum nesting habitat and management of nesting habitat in open-canopy pine-oak sawtimber forests by periodic prescribed fire (every 4-6 years) and timber thinning within a landscape that contains salt marsh or freshwater wetland openings within 700 m of those forests.
C1 Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
RP Springborn, EG (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
EM jmeyers@smokey.forestry.uga.edu
NR 44
TC 9
Z9 10
U1 3
U2 7
PU WILDLIFE SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA
SN 0091-7648
J9 WILDLIFE SOC B
JI Wildl. Soc. Bull.
PD WIN
PY 2005
VL 33
IS 4
BP 1432
EP 1439
DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[1432:HRASOB]2.0.CO;2
PG 8
WC Biodiversity Conservation
SC Biodiversity & Conservation
GA 033HA
UT WOS:000236836500029
ER
PT J
AU Ostermann-Kelm, SD
Rubin, ES
Groom, JD
DeForge, JR
Wagner, G
Sorensen, P
Torres, SG
Jorgensen, MC
Byard, AJ
Ryder, O
AF Ostermann-Kelm, SD
Rubin, ES
Groom, JD
DeForge, JR
Wagner, G
Sorensen, P
Torres, SG
Jorgensen, MC
Byard, AJ
Ryder, O
TI Flawed model has serious conservation implications: Response to Turner
et al.
SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Editorial Material
DE bighorn sheep; habitat modeling; habitat selection; mountain sheep; Ovis
canadensis; Peninsular bighorn sheep; Peninsular Ranges; urbanization
ID DESERT BIGHORN SHEEP; MOUNTAIN SHEEP; HABITAT; CALIFORNIA; SELECTION
AB Turner et al. (2004) developed a habitat selection model for a population of desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) in the Peninsular Ranges of southern California that is listed as a threatened and endangered population by the state of California and the federal government, respectively. We are concerned that the recent publication of an article by Turner et al. (2004) could be detrimental to the management and recovery of bighorn sheep in the Peninsular Ranges because it lends credibility to a flawed analysis of bighorn sheep habitat-use patterns. The model attempts to extrapolate conclusions from a limited subset of bighorn sheep data that is not representative of the study area and was not gathered in a manner conducive to the analysis methods used by the authors, The authors classified habitat pixels as "active" or "inactive" based on the presence-absence of bighorn sheer) observations without considering monitoring intensity. Turner et al. (2004) also failed to consider the implications of basing their model almost entirely on a bighorn sheep subpopulation known to have atypical habitat selection patterns. This subpopulation in the northwestern Santa Rosa Mountains frequently used food and water sources within hillside urban areas. Because the Turner et al. (2004) model was developed using data primarily from this atypical subpopulation, the model has low external validity and is unlikely to accurately predict habitat selection by other bighorn sheep subpopulations in the Peninsular Ranges. Furthermore, with the NW subpopulation used in model development now excluded from urban areas, the Turner et al. (2004) model is unlikely to accurately predict habitat selection patterns of even this subpopulation. We suggest the Turner et al. (2004) model is at best only applicable to this subpopulation between the years 1994-1998.
C1 Univ Calif Davis, Grad Grp Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
Zool Soc San Diego, Conservat & Res Endangered Species, Escondido, CA 92027 USA.
US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Carlsbad Fish & Wildlife Off, Carlsbad, CA 92009 USA.
Bighorn Inst, Palm Desert, CA 92261 USA.
US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Imperial Natl Wildlife Refuge, Yuma, AZ 85365 USA.
Calif Dept Fish & Game, Resource Assessment Program, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA.
RP Ostermann-Kelm, SD (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Grad Grp Ecol, 1 Shields Ave,1126 Haring Hall, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
EM sdostermann@ucdavis.edu
NR 32
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 3
PU WILDLIFE SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA
SN 0091-7648
J9 WILDLIFE SOC B
JI Wildl. Soc. Bull.
PD WIN
PY 2005
VL 33
IS 4
BP 1456
EP 1464
DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[1456:FMHSCI]2.0.CO;2
PG 9
WC Biodiversity Conservation
SC Biodiversity & Conservation
GA 033HA
UT WOS:000236836500033
ER
PT J
AU Miller, MR
Takekawa, JY
Fleskes, JR
Orthmeyer, DL
Casazza, ML
Haukos, DA
Perry, WM
AF Miller, MR
Takekawa, JY
Fleskes, JR
Orthmeyer, DL
Casazza, ML
Haukos, DA
Perry, WM
TI Flight speeds of Northern Pintails during migration determined using
satellite telemetry
SO WILSON BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
ID BRENT GEESE; TRANSMITTER LOADS; SPRING MIGRATION; AUTUMN MIGRATION; BIRD
MIGRATION; CANADA GEESE; BODY DRAG; WIND; PERFORMANCE; BEHAVIOR
AB Speed (km/hr) during flight is one of several factors determining the rate of migration (km/ day) and flight range of birds. We attached 26-g, back-mounted satellite-received radio tags (platform transmitting terminals; PTTs) to adult female Northern Pintails (Anas acuta) during (1) midwinter 2000-2003 in the northern Central Valley of California, (2) fall and winter 2002-2003 in the Playa Lakes Region and Gulf Coast of Texas, and (3) early fall 2002-2003 in south-central New Mexico. We tracked tagged birds after release and, in several instances, obtained multiple locations during single migratory flights (flight paths). We used data from 17 PTT-tagged hens along 21 migratory flight paths to estimate groundspeeds during spring (n = 19 flights) and fall (n = 2 flights). Pintails migrated at an average groundspeed of 77 +/-4 (SE) km/hr (range for individual flight paths = 40-122 km/hr), which was within the range of estimates reported in the literature for migratory and local flights of waterfowl (42-116 km/hr); further, groundspeed averaged 53 +/- 6 km/hr in headwinds and 82 +/- 4 km/hr in tailwinds. At a typical, but hypothetical, flight altitude of 1,460 m (850 millibars standard pressure), 17 of the 21 flight paths occurred in tailwinds with an average airspeed of 55 +/- 4 km/hr, and 4 occurred in headwinds with an average airspeed of 71 +/- 4 km/hr. These adjustments in airspeed and groundspeed in response to wind suggest that pintails migrated at airspeeds that on average maximized range and conserved energy, and fell within the range of expectations based on aerodynamic and energetic theory.
C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA.
US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA.
Texas Tech Univ, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.
RP Miller, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 6924 Tremont Rd, Dixon, CA 95620 USA.
EM michael_r_miller@usgs.gov
OI casazza, Mike/0000-0002-5636-735X
NR 58
TC 8
Z9 9
U1 2
U2 12
PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC
PI WACO
PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA
SN 0043-5643
J9 WILSON BULL
JI Wilson Bull.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 117
IS 4
BP 364
EP 374
DI 10.1676/04-114.1
PG 11
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 995MI
UT WOS:000234104000005
ER
PT J
AU McGowan, CP
Schulte, SA
Simons, TR
AF McGowan, CP
Schulte, SA
Simons, TR
TI Resightings of marked American Oystercatchers banded as chicks
SO WILSON BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
AB Since 2000, we have been banding American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus) chicks at Cape Lookout and Cape Hatteras national seashores as part of a long-term demographic study. Between 2000 and 2002, we banded 23 chicks. We report on resightings of eight chicks that returned to the Outer Banks of North Carolina in the summers of 2003 and 2004. These are the first records of American Oystercatcher chicks resighted near their natal areas in their 2nd and 3rd years. The 3-year-old birds appeared to be paired and acted territorial, whereas the 2nd-year birds were observed alone or in groups and did not exhibit territorial behavior. Our observations suggest that the American Oystercatcher's life history is similar to that of the Eurasian Oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus).
C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, N Carolina Coop Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
RP McGowan, CP (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 302 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
EM cpm4h9@mizzou.edu
NR 14
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 4
PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC
PI WACO
PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA
SN 0043-5643
J9 WILSON BULL
JI Wilson Bull.
PD DEC
PY 2005
VL 117
IS 4
BP 382
EP 385
DI 10.1676/04-112.1
PG 4
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 995MI
UT WOS:000234104000007
ER
PT J
AU Grotzinger, JP
Arvidson, RE
Bell, JF
Calvin, W
Clark, BC
Fike, DA
Golombek, M
Greeley, R
Haldemann, A
Herkenhoff, KE
Jolliff, BL
Knoll, AH
Malin, M
McLennan, SM
Parker, T
Soderblom, L
Sohl-Dickstein, JN
Squyres, SW
Tosca, NJ
Watters, WA
AF Grotzinger, JP
Arvidson, RE
Bell, JF
Calvin, W
Clark, BC
Fike, DA
Golombek, M
Greeley, R
Haldemann, A
Herkenhoff, KE
Jolliff, BL
Knoll, AH
Malin, M
McLennan, SM
Parker, T
Soderblom, L
Sohl-Dickstein, JN
Squyres, SW
Tosca, NJ
Watters, WA
TI Stratigraphy and sedimentology of a dry to wet eolian depositional
system, Burns formation, Meridiani Planum, Mars
SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Mars; Meridiani; sedimentology; environmental history; stratigraphy;
eolian
ID UNIDIRECTIONAL WATER FLOWS; AEOLIAN DUNE SANDS; WHITE-SANDS; BED
CONFIGURATIONS; NEW-MEXICO; SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY; INTERDUNE DEPOSITS;
OPPORTUNITY ROVER; BOUNDING SURFACES; LANDING SITE
AB Outcrop exposures of sedimentary rocks at the Opportunity landing site (Meridiani Planum) form a set of genetically related strata defined here informally as the Burns formation. This formation call be subdivided into lower, middle, and upper units which, respectively, represent eolian dune, eolian sand sheer, and mixed eolian sand sheet and interdune facies associations. Collectively, these three units are at least 7 m thick and define a "wetting-upward" Succession which records a progressive increase in the influence of groundwater and, ultimately, surface water in controlling primary depositional processes.
The Burns lower unit is interpreted as a dry dune field (though grain composition indicates an evaporitic source), whose preserved record of large-scale cross-bedded sandstones indicates either superimposed bedforms of variable size or reactivation of lee-side slip faces by episodic (possibly seasonal) changes in wind direction. The boundary between the lower and middle units is a significant eolian deflation surface. This surface is interpreted to record eolian erosion down to the capillary fringe of the water table, where increased resistance to wind-induced erosion was promoted by increased sediment cohesiveness in the capillary fringe. The overlying Burns middle unit is characterized by fine-scale planar-laminated to low-angle-stratified sandstones. These sandstones accumulated during lateral migration of eolian impact ripples over the flat to gently undulating sand sheet surface. In terrestrial settings, sand sheets may form ail intermediate environment between dune fields and interdune or playa surfaces. The contact between the middle and upper units of the Burns formation is interpreted as a diagenetic front, where recrystallization in the phreatic or capillary zones may have occurred, The upper unit of the Burns formation contains a mixture of sand sheet facies and interdune facies. Interdune facies include wavy bedding, irregular lamination with convolute bedding and possible small tepee or salt-ridge structures, and cm-scale festoon cross-lamination indicative of shallow subaqueous flows marked by current velocities of a few tens of cm/s. Most likely, these currents were gravity-driven, possibly unchannelized flows resulting from the flooding of interdune/playa surfaces. However, evidence for lacustrine sedimentation, including mudstones or in situ bottom-growth evaporites, has not been observed so far at Eagle and Endurance craters.
Mineralogical and elemental data indicate that the eolian sandstones of the lower and middle units, as well as the subaqueous and eolian deposits of the Burns upper unit, were derived from an evaporitic source. This indirectly points to a temporally equivalent playa where lacustrine evaporites or ground-water-generated efflorescent crusts were deflated to provide a source of sand-sized particles that were entrained to form eolian dunes and sand sheets. This process is responsible for the development of sulfate eolianites at White Sands, New Mexico, and could have provided a prolific flux of sulfate sediment at Meridiani. Though evidence for surface water in the Burns formation is mostly limited to the upper unit, the associated sulfate eolianites provide strong evidence for the critical role of groundwater in controlling sediment production and stratigraphic architecture throughout the formation. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA.
Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89501 USA.
Lockheed Martin Corp, Littleton, CO 80127 USA.
CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
Harvard Univ, Bot Museum, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
Malin Space Sci Syst Inc, San Diego, CA 92191 USA.
SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
RP Grotzinger, JP (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM grotz@gps.caltech.edu
RI Fike, David/D-3634-2011
OI Fike, David/0000-0003-2848-0328
NR 98
TC 269
Z9 273
U1 14
U2 76
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0012-821X
J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT
JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.
PD NOV 30
PY 2005
VL 240
IS 1
BP 11
EP 72
DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2005.09.039
PG 62
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 990BJ
UT WOS:000233717900002
ER
PT J
AU McLennan, SM
Bell, JF
Calvin, WM
Christensen, PR
Clark, BC
de Souza, PA
Farmer, J
Farrand, WH
Fike, DA
Gellert, R
Ghosh, A
Glotch, TD
Grotzinger, JP
Hahn, B
Herkenhoff, KE
Hurowitz, JA
Johnson, JR
Johnson, SS
Jolliff, B
Klingelhofer, G
Knoll, AH
Learner, Z
Malin, MC
McSween, HY
Pocock, J
Ruff, SW
Soderblom, LA
Squyres, SW
Tosca, NJ
Watters, WA
Wyatt, MB
Yen, A
AF McLennan, SM
Bell, JF
Calvin, WM
Christensen, PR
Clark, BC
de Souza, PA
Farmer, J
Farrand, WH
Fike, DA
Gellert, R
Ghosh, A
Glotch, TD
Grotzinger, JP
Hahn, B
Herkenhoff, KE
Hurowitz, JA
Johnson, JR
Johnson, SS
Jolliff, B
Klingelhofer, G
Knoll, AH
Learner, Z
Malin, MC
McSween, HY
Pocock, J
Ruff, SW
Soderblom, LA
Squyres, SW
Tosca, NJ
Watters, WA
Wyatt, MB
Yen, A
TI Provenance and diagenesis of the evaporite-bearing Burns formation,
Meridiani Planum, Mars
SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Mars; Meridiani Planum; diagenesis; geochemistry; sedimentology;
provenance
ID OPPORTUNITY ROVER; TERRA-MERIDIANI; MARTIAN SURFACE; EOLIAN DUNE;
WHITE-SANDS; NEW-MEXICO; SPECTROMETER; INTERDUNE; HEMATITE; ORIGIN
AB Impure reworked evaporitic sandstones, preserved on Meridiani Planum, Mars, are mixtures of roughly equal amounts of altered siliciclastic debris, of basaltic provenance (40 +/- 10% by mass), and chemical constituents, dominated by evaporitic minerals (jarosite, Mg-,, Ca-sulfates +/- chlorides +/- Fe-, Na-sulfates), hematite and possibly secondary silica (60 10%). These chemical constituents and their relative abundances are not an equilibrium evaporite assemblage and to a substantial degree have been reworked by aeolian and subaqueous transport. Ultimately they formed by evaporation of acidic waters derived from interaction with olivine-bearing basalts and subsequent diagenetic alteration. The rocks experienced an extended diagenetic history, with at least two and up to four distinct episodes of cementation, including stratigraphically restricted zones of recrystallization and secondary porosity, non-randomly distributed, highly spherical millimeter-scale hematitic concretions, millimeter-scale crystal molds, interpreted to have resulted from dissolution of a highly soluble evaporite mineral, elongate to sheet-like vugs and evidence for minor synsedimentary deformation (convolute and contorted bedding, possible teepee structures or salt ridge features). Other features that may be diagenetic, but more likely are associated with relatively recent meteorite impact, are meter-scale fracture patterns, veins and polygonal fractures on rock surfaces that cut across bedding. Crystallization of minerals that originally filled the molds, early cement and sediment deformation occurred syndepositionally or during early diagenesis. All other diagenetic features are consistent with formation during later diagenesis in the phreatic (fluid saturated) zone or capillary fringe of a groundwater table under near isotropic hydrological conditions such as those expected during periodic groundwater recharge. Textural evidence suggests that rapidly formed hematitic concretions post-date the primary mineral now represented by crystal molds and early pore-filling cements but pre-date secondary moldic and vug porosity. The second generation of cements followed formation of secondary porosity. This paragenetic sequence is consistent with an extended history of syndepositional through post-depositional diagenesis in the presence of a slowly fluctuating, chemically evolving, but persistently high ionic strength groundwater system. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
Lockheed Martin Corp, Littleton, CO 80127 USA.
Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Anorgan & Analyt Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
Space Sci Inst, Vitoria, Brazil.
MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA.
Harvard Univ, Bot Museum, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
Malin Space Sci Syst, San Diego, CA 92191 USA.
CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP McLennan, SM (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
EM scott.mclennan@sunysb.edu
RI Hurowitz, Joel/A-8862-2008; Glotch, Timothy/B-6829-2008; de Souza,
Paulo/B-8961-2008; Fike, David/D-3634-2011; Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015
OI de Souza, Paulo/0000-0002-0091-8925; Fike, David/0000-0003-2848-0328;
NR 69
TC 299
Z9 301
U1 8
U2 70
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0012-821X
EI 1385-013X
J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT
JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.
PD NOV 30
PY 2005
VL 240
IS 1
BP 95
EP 121
DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2005.09.041
PG 27
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 990BJ
UT WOS:000233717900004
ER
PT J
AU Knoll, AH
Carr, M
Clark, B
Marais, DJD
Farmer, JD
Fischer, WW
Grotzinger, JP
McLennan, SM
Malin, M
Schroder, C
Squyres, S
Tosca, NJ
Wdowiak, T
AF Knoll, AH
Carr, M
Clark, B
Marais, DJD
Farmer, JD
Fischer, WW
Grotzinger, JP
McLennan, SM
Malin, M
Schroder, C
Squyres, S
Tosca, NJ
Wdowiak, T
TI An astrobiological perspective on Meridiani Planum
SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Mars; Meridiani Planum; astrobiology; environmental history;
microbiology
ID MARTIAN METEORITE ALH84001; EARLY MARS; LOW-TEMPERATURES;
TERRA-MERIDIANI; WATER; LIFE; PH; SURFACE; HEMATITE; BACTERIA
AB Sedimentary rocks exposed in the Meridiani Planum region of Mars record aqueous and eolian deposition in ancient dune and interdune playa-like environments that were arid, acidic, and oxidizing. On Earth, microbial populations have repeatedly adapted to low pH and both episodic and chronic water limitation, suggesting that, to a first approximation, the Meridiani plain may have been habitable during at least part of the interval when deposition and early diagenesis took place. On the other hand, the environmental conditions inferred for Meridiani deposition would have posed a challenge for prebiotic chemical reactions thought to have played a role in the origin of life on Earth. Orbital observations suggest that the combination of sulfate minerals and hematite found in Meridiani rocks may be unusual on the martian surface; however, there is reason to believe that acidity, aridity, and oxidizing conditions were broadly distributed on ancient Mars. When these conditions were established and how much environmental heterogeneity existed on early Mars remain to be determined. Because sulfates and iron oxides can preserve detailed geochemical records of environmental history as well as chemical, textural and microfossil signatures of biological activity, Meridiani Planum is an attractive candidate for Mars sample return. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
Ma Lockheed Martin Corp, Littleton, CO 80127 USA.
NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
Malin Space Sci Syst, San Diego, CA 92191 USA.
Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Anorgan & Analyt Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA.
RP Knoll, AH (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
EM aknoll@oeb.harvard.edu
RI Schroder, Christian/B-3870-2009
OI Schroder, Christian/0000-0002-7935-6039
NR 94
TC 78
Z9 80
U1 1
U2 11
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0012-821X
EI 1385-013X
J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT
JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.
PD NOV 30
PY 2005
VL 240
IS 1
BP 179
EP 189
DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2005.09.045
PG 11
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 990BJ
UT WOS:000233717900008
ER
PT J
AU Major, JJ
Yamakoshi, T
AF Major, JJ
Yamakoshi, T
TI Decadal-scale change of infiltration characteristics of a tephra-mantled
hillslope at Mount St Helens, Washington
SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES
LA English
DT Article
DE Mount St Helens; hydrology; runoff; infiltration; geomorphology;
volcano; tephra
ID WESTERN OREGON; 1980 ERUPTION; EROSION; RAINFALL; RUNOFF
AB The cataclysmic 1980 eruption of Mount St Helens radically reduced the infiltration characteristics of similar to 60000 ha of rugged terrain and dramatically altered landscape hydrology. Two decades of erosional, biogenic, cryogenic, and anthropogenic activity have modified the infiltration characteristics of much of that devastated landscape and modulated the hydrological impact of the eruption. We assessed infiltration and runoff characteristics of a segment of hillslope thickly mantled with tephra, but now revegetated primarily with grasses and other plants, to evaluate hydrological modifications due to erosion and natural turbation. Eruptive disturbance reduced infiltration capacity of the hillslope by as much as 50-fold. Between 1980 and 2000, apparent infiltration capacities of plots on the hillslope increased as much as ten fold, but remain approximately three to five times less than the probable pre-eruption capacities. Common regional rainfall intensities and snowmelt rates presently produce little surface runoff; however, high-magnitude, low-frequency storms and unusually rapid snowmelt can still induce broad infiltration-excess overland flow. After 20 years, erosion and natural mechanical turbation have modulated, but not effaced, the hydrological perturbation caused by the cataclysmic eruption. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
Publ Works Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
RP Major, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
EM jjmajor@usgs.gov
OI Major, Jon/0000-0003-2449-4466
NR 21
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 10
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI CHICHESTER
PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND
SN 0885-6087
J9 HYDROL PROCESS
JI Hydrol. Process.
PD NOV 30
PY 2005
VL 19
IS 18
BP 3621
EP 3630
DI 10.1002/hyp.5863
PG 10
WC Water Resources
SC Water Resources
GA 991UW
UT WOS:000233840600010
ER
PT J
AU Fisher, MA
Normark, WR
Greene, HG
Lee, HJ
Sliter, RW
AF Fisher, MA
Normark, WR
Greene, HG
Lee, HJ
Sliter, RW
TI Geology and tsunamigenic potential of submarine landslides in Santa
Barbara Channel, Southern California
SO MARINE GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE mass wasting; landslide; tsunami; structural controls
ID WESTERN TRANSVERSE RANGES; OAK-RIDGE FAULT; 13 AUGUST 1978; VENTURA
BASIN; CONTINENTAL BORDERLAND; SLOPE-STABILITY; EARTHQUAKE; TECTONICS;
ROTATION; PACIFIC
AB A large submarine landslide complex and four small landslides developed under the Santa Barbara Channel, suggesting a potential hazard from landslide-generated tsunamis. We integrate offshore stratigraphy and geologic structure, multibeam bathymetric information, and several kinds of seismic-reflection data to understand how and when the submarine landslides formed. Seismic-reflection data show that mass failure along the slope began at least 200 ka ago. Landslides appear as zones of poor reflectivity having an irregular upper surface, and these zones alternate vertically with strong parallel reflections. The emplacement ages of two of the three main landslide lobes are well established at 8 and 10 ka. The source material for the youngest part of the landslide complex was sediment of probable late Pleistocene and Holocene age that accumulated in a shelfedge delta. Directly under this delta, growth of faults and anticlines was particularly intense and tended to oversteepen the deltaic deposits. These active structures also formed migration pathways and reservoirs for aqueous and hydrocarbon fluids from the deep basin. Tsunami deposits have been described from a low-lying area near Santa Barbara, and numerical modeling of tsunamis generated by hypothetical landslides in Santa Barbara Channel indicates a moderate to severe threat [Borrero, J.C., Dolan, J.F. and Synolakis, C.E., 2001. Tsunamis within the eastern Santa Barbara Channel. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28(4): 643646.], involving wave runups of 2-20 m, for a range of assumed landslide volumes. Inundation from these waves, however, is expected to be highly focused so that only narrow (10-km) sections of the shoreline would be affected. Crown Copyright (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA.
RP Fisher, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 999,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM mfisher@usgs.gov
NR 54
TC 24
Z9 25
U1 1
U2 11
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0025-3227
J9 MAR GEOL
JI Mar. Geol.
PD NOV 30
PY 2005
VL 224
IS 1-4
BP 1
EP 22
DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2005.07.012
PG 22
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography
SC Geology; Oceanography
GA 004AA
UT WOS:000234723200001
ER
PT J
AU Gallo, K
Li, L
Reed, B
Eidenshink, J
Dwyer, J
AF Gallo, K
Li, L
Reed, B
Eidenshink, J
Dwyer, J
TI Multi-platform comparisons of MODIS and AVHRR normalized difference
vegetation index data
SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE AVHRR; MODIS; VIIRS; normalized difference vegetation index; composite;
data continuity
ID SATELLITE DATA; UNITED-STATES; VALIDATION; SENSORS
AB The relationship between AVHRR-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values and those of future sensors is critical to continued long-term monitoring of land surface properties. The follow-on operational sensor to the AVHRR, the Visible/Infrared Imager/Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), will be very similar to the NASA Earth Observing System's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor. NDVI data derived from visible and near-infrared data acquired by the MODIS (Terra and Aqua platforms) and AVHRR (NOAA-16 and NOAA-17) sensors were compared over the same time periods and a variety of land cover classes within the conterminous United States. The results indicate that the 16-day composite NDVI values are quite similar over the composite intervals of 2002 and 2003, and linear relationships exist between the NDVI values from the various sensors. The composite AVHRR NDVI data included water and cloud masks and adjustments for water vapor as did the MODIS NDVI data. When analyzed over a variety of land cover types and composite intervals, the AVHRR derived NDVI data were associated with 89% or more of the variation in the MODIS NDVI values. The results suggest that it may be possible to successfully reprocess historical AVHRR data sets to provide continuity of NDVI products through future sensor systems. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA.
USGS EROS, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
RP Gallo, K (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM kgallo@usgs.gov
RI Gallo, Kevin P./F-5588-2010;
OI Dwyer, John/0000-0002-8281-0896
NR 20
TC 57
Z9 71
U1 3
U2 24
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0034-4257
J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON
JI Remote Sens. Environ.
PD NOV 30
PY 2005
VL 99
IS 3
BP 221
EP 231
DI 10.1016/j.rse.2005.08.014
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic
Technology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
GA 986VT
UT WOS:000233478500001
ER
PT J
AU Verdin, J
Funk, C
Senay, G
Choularton, R
AF Verdin, J
Funk, C
Senay, G
Choularton, R
TI Climate science and famine early warning
SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE climate; Africa; food security; Ethiopia
ID AFRICA; MODEL; RAINFALL; SYSTEM; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURE; INDEX
AB Food security assessment in sub-Saharan Africa requires simultaneous consideration of multiple socio-economic and environmental variables. Early identification of populations at risk enables timely and appropriate action. Since large and widely dispersed populations depend on rainfed agriculture and pastoralism, climate monitoring and forecasting are important inputs to food security analysis. Satellite rainfall estimates (RFE) fill in gaps in station observations, and serve as input to drought index maps and crop water balance models. Gridded rainfall time-series give historical context, and provide a basis for quantitative interpretation of seasonal precipitation forecasts. RFE are also used to characterize flood hazards, in both simple indices and stream flow models. In the future, many African countries are likely to see negative impacts on subsistence agriculture due to the effects of global warming. Increased climate variability is forecast, with more frequent extreme events. Ethiopia requires special attention. Already facing a food security emergency, troubling persistent dryness has been observed in some areas, associated with a positive trend in Indian Ocean sea surface temperatures. Increased African capacity for rainfall observation, forecasting, data management and modelling applications is urgently needed. Managing climate change and increased climate variability require these fundamental technical capacities if creative coping strategies are to be devised.
C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Climate Hazards Grp, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
Chemon Int Inc, Famine Early Warning Syst Network, Washington, DC 20036 USA.
RP Verdin, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
EM verdin@usgs.gov
NR 52
TC 114
Z9 114
U1 7
U2 49
PU ROYAL SOCIETY
PI LONDON
PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND
SN 0962-8436
J9 PHILOS T ROY SOC B
JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci.
PD NOV 29
PY 2005
VL 360
IS 1463
BP 2155
EP 2168
DI 10.1098/rstb.2005.1754
PG 14
WC Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
GA 986CS
UT WOS:000233427400015
PM 16433101
ER
PT J
AU Dinehart, RL
Burau, JR
AF Dinehart, RL
Burau, JR
TI Repeated surveys by acoustic Doppler current profiler for flow and
sediment dynamics in a tidal river
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE ADCP; velocity; backscatter intensity; suspended sediment; tidal river
ID CONFLUENCE; TURBULENCE; CHANNEL
AB A strategy of repeated surveys by acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) was applied in a tidal river to map velocity vectors and suspended-sediment indicators. The Sacramento River at the junction with the Delta Cross Channel at Walnut Grove, California, was surveyed over several tidal cycles in the Fall of 2000 and 2001 with a vessel-mounted ADCP. Velocity profiles were recorded along flow-defining survey paths, with surveys repeated every 27 min through a diurnal tidal cycle. Velocity vectors along each survey path were interpolated to a three-dimensional Cartesian grid that conformed to local bathymetry. A separate array of vectors was interpolated onto a grid from each survey. By displaying interpolated vector grids sequentially with computer animation, flow dynamics of the reach could be studied in three-dimensions as flow responded to the tidal cycle. Velocity streamtraces in the grid showed the upwelling of flow from the bottom of the Sacramento River channel into the Delta Cross Channel. The sequential display of vector grids showed that water in the canal briefly returned into the Sacramento River after peak flood tides, which had not been known previously.
In addition to velocity vectors, ADCP data were processed to derive channel bathymetry and a spatial indicator for suspended-sediment concentration. Individual beam distances to bed, recorded by the ADCP, were transformed to yield bathymetry accurate enough to resolve small bedforms within the study reach. While recording velocity, ADCPs also record the intensity of acoustic backscatter from particles suspended in the flow. Sequential surveys of backscatter intensity were interpolated to grids and animated to indicate the spatial movement of suspended sediment through the study reach. Calculation of backscatter flux through cross-sectional grids provided a first step for computation of suspended-sediment discharge, the second step being a calibrated relation between backscatter intensity and sediment concentration. Spatial analyses of ADCP data showed that a strategy of repeated surveys and flow-field interpolation has the potential to simplify computation of flow and sediment discharge through complex waterways.
The use of trade, product, industry, or firm names in this report is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement of products by the US Government. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA.
RP Dinehart, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA.
EM rldine@usgs.gov
NR 29
TC 47
Z9 52
U1 4
U2 21
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-1694
J9 J HYDROL
JI J. Hydrol.
PD NOV 25
PY 2005
VL 314
IS 1-4
BP 1
EP 21
DI 10.1016/j.hydrol.2005.03.019
PG 21
WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA 993IV
UT WOS:000233948700001
ER
PT J
AU Langevin, C
Swain, E
Wolfert, M
AF Langevin, C
Swain, E
Wolfert, M
TI Simulation of integrated surface-water/ground-water flow and salinity
for a coastal wetland and adjacent estuary
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE surface water; ground water; wetlands; variable density; everglades
ID GROUND-WATER; FLORIDA; MODEL; BAY
AB The SWIFT2D surface-water flow and transport code, which solves the St Venant equations in two dimensions, was coupled with the SEAWAT variable-density ground-water code to represent hydrologic processes in coastal wetlands and adjacent estuaries. A sequentially coupled time-lagged approach was implemented, based on a variable-density form of Darcy's Law, to couple the surface and subsurface systems. The integrated code also represents the advective transport of salt mass between the surface and subsurface. The integrated code was applied to the southern Everglades of Florida to quantify flow and salinity patterns and to evaluate effects of hydrologic processes. Model results confirm several important observations about the coastal wetland: (1) the coastal embankment separating the wetland from the estuary is overtopped only during tropical storms, (2) leakage between the surface and subsurface is locally important in the wetland, but submarine ground-water discharge does not contribute large quantities of freshwater to the estuary, and (3) coastal wetland salinities increase to near seawater values during the dry season, and the wetland flushes each year with the onset of the wet season. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 US Geol Survey, Miami, FL 33178 USA.
RP Langevin, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 9100 NW 36th St,Suite 107, Miami, FL 33178 USA.
EM langevin@usgs.gov; edswain@usgs.gov; mwolfert@usgs.gov
NR 63
TC 53
Z9 56
U1 3
U2 13
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-1694
J9 J HYDROL
JI J. Hydrol.
PD NOV 25
PY 2005
VL 314
IS 1-4
BP 212
EP 234
DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.04.015
PG 23
WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA 993IV
UT WOS:000233948700017
ER
PT J
AU Pollitz, FF
Nyst, M
Nishimura, T
Thatcher, W
AF Pollitz, FF
Nyst, M
Nishimura, T
Thatcher, W
TI Coseismic slip distribution of the 1923 Kanto earthquake, Japan
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
LA English
DT Article
ID PERMANENT DEFORMATION; TRIPLE JUNCTION; BOSO PENINSULA; DISTRICT;
TRANSIENT; GEOMETRY; BASIN
AB [1] The slip distribution associated with the 1923 M = 7.9 Kanto, Japan, earthquake is reexamined in light of new data and modeling. We utilize a combination of first-order triangulation, second-order triangulation, and leveling data in order to constrain the coseismic deformation. The second-order triangulation data, which have not been utilized in previous studies of 1923 coseismic deformation, are associated with only slightly smaller errors than the first-order triangulation data and expand the available triangulation data set by about a factor of 10. Interpretation of these data in terms of uniform-slip models in a companion study by Nyst et al. shows that a model involving uniform coseismic slip on two distinct rupture planes explains the data very well and matches or exceeds the fit obtained by previous studies, even one which involved distributed slip. Using the geometry of the Nyst et al. two-plane slip model, we perform inversions of the same geodetic data set for distributed slip. Our preferred model of distributed slip on the Philippine Sea plate interface has a moment magnitude of 7.86. We find slip maxima of similar to 8 - 9 m beneath Odawara and similar to 7 - 8 m beneath the Miura peninsula, with a roughly 2: 1 ratio of strike-slip to dip-slip motion, in agreement with a previous study. However, the Miura slip maximum is imaged as a more broadly extended feature in our study, with the high-slip region continuing from the Miura peninsula to the southern Boso peninsula region. The second-order triangulation data provide good evidence for similar to 3 m right-lateral strike slip on a 35-km-long splay structure occupying the volume between the upper surface of the descending Philippine Sea plate and the southern Boso peninsula.
C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
Geog Survey Inst, Geog & Crustal Dynam Res Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050811, Japan.
RP Pollitz, FF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM fpollitz@usgs.gov
RI Nishimura, Takuya/G-2789-2013
NR 22
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9313
EI 2169-9356
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth
PD NOV 23
PY 2005
VL 110
IS B11
AR B11408
DI 10.1029/2005JB003638
PG 16
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 988WU
UT WOS:000233633000001
ER
PT J
AU Stehman, SV
Sohl, TL
Loveland, TR
AF Stehman, SV
Sohl, TL
Loveland, TR
TI An evaluation of sampling strategies to improve precision of estimates
of gross change in land use and land cover
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
ID UNITED-STATES; TROPICAL DEFORESTATION; DESIGN; IMAGES; AREA
AB Statistical sampling offers a cost-effective, practical alternative to complete-coverage mapping for the objective of estimating gross change in land cover over large areas. Because land cover change is typically rare, the sampling strategy must take advantage of design and analysis tools that enhance precision. Using two populations of land cover change in the eastern United States, we demonstrate that the choice of sampling unit size and use of a survey sampling regression estimator can significantly improve precision with only a minor increase in cost.
C1 SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA.
Sci Applicat Int Corp, USGS, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
US Geol Survey, USGS, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
RP Stehman, SV (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, 320 Bray Hall, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA.
EM svstehma@syr.edu
OI Sohl, Terry/0000-0002-9771-4231
NR 25
TC 29
Z9 30
U1 1
U2 7
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0143-1161
J9 INT J REMOTE SENS
JI Int. J. Remote Sens.
PD NOV 20
PY 2005
VL 26
IS 22
BP 4941
EP 4957
DI 10.1080/01431160500222632
PG 17
WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
GA 999RD
UT WOS:000234407300005
ER
PT J
AU Kean, JW
Smith, JD
AF Kean, JW
Smith, JD
TI Generation and verification of theoretical rating curves in the
Whitewater River basin, Kansas
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE
LA English
DT Article
ID HIGH-GRADIENT STREAMS; OF-CONCEPT EXPERIMENT; DISCHARGE; CHANNELS; FLOW
AB A new method for generating stage-discharge relations (rating curves) for geomorphically stable channels is presented and applied to two streams in the Whitewater River basin, Kansas. The approach converts measurements of stage into discharge using a fluid mechanically based model. The model does not use empirical roughness coefficients, such as Manning coefficients, but rather determines channel roughness from field measurements of the (1) channel geometry, (2) the physical roughness of the bed, banks, and floodplain, and (3) the vegetation density on the banks and floodplain. These measurements are used to calculate explicitly the drag on the small-scale topographic features on the boundary, the drag on the stems and branches of woody vegetation, and the friction on the bed, banks, and floodplain. The theoretical rating curves produced by the model for two study reaches, which are near U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamflow-gauging stations, are in good agreement with direct measurements of discharge made by the USGS. Our method has the potential of providing accurate estimates of stream flows less expensively than conventional gauging methods. In addition, the method can be used to obtain more accurate discharge estimates than conventional indirect methods for determining discharge, which are based on estimates of Manning's coefficient.
C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RP Kean, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
EM jwkean@usgs.gov
OI Kean, Jason/0000-0003-3089-0369
NR 32
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf.
PD NOV 18
PY 2005
VL 110
IS F4
AR F04012
DI 10.1029/2004JF000250
PG 17
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 988IR
UT WOS:000233587800002
ER
PT J
AU Milly, PCD
Dunne, KA
Vecchia, AV
AF Milly, PCD
Dunne, KA
Vecchia, AV
TI Global pattern of trends in streamflow and water availability in a
changing climate
SO NATURE
LA English
DT Article
AB Water availability on the continents is important for human health(1,2), economic activity(3), ecosystem function(4) and geophysical processes(5). Because the saturation vapour pressure of water in air is highly sensitive to temperature, perturbations in the global water cycle are expected to accompany climate warming(6). Regional patterns of warming-induced changes in surface hydroclimate are complex and less certain than those in temperature, however, with both regional increases and decreases expected in precipitation and runoff. Here we show that an ensemble of 12 climate models exhibits qualitative and statistically significant skill in simulating observed regional patterns of twentieth-century multidecadal changes in streamflow. These models project 10-40% increases in runoff in eastern equatorial Africa, the La Plata basin and high-latitude North America and Eurasia, and 10-30% decreases in runoff in southern Africa, southern Europe, the Middle East and mid-latitude western North America by the year 2050. Such changes in sustainable water availability would have considerable regional-scale consequences for economies as well as ecosystems.
C1 US Geol Survey, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
US Geol Survey, Bismarck, ND 58503 USA.
RP Milly, PCD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
EM cmilly@usgs.gov
NR 13
TC 771
Z9 810
U1 35
U2 325
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 0028-0836
J9 NATURE
JI Nature
PD NOV 17
PY 2005
VL 438
IS 7066
BP 347
EP 350
DI 10.1038/nature04312
PG 4
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 984JR
UT WOS:000233300200046
PM 16292308
ER
PT J
AU Yi, CX
Monson, RK
Zhai, ZQ
Anderson, DE
Lamb, B
Allwine, G
Turnipseed, AA
Burns, SP
AF Yi, CX
Monson, RK
Zhai, ZQ
Anderson, DE
Lamb, B
Allwine, G
Turnipseed, AA
Burns, SP
TI Modeling and measuring the nocturnal drainage flow in a high-elevation,
subalpine forest with complex terrain
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID TURBULENT FLUX MEASUREMENTS; ORDER CLOSURE MODELS; PLANT CANOPIES;
CARBON SEQUESTRATION; ARBITRARY STRUCTURE; DRAG COEFFICIENT; WIND
PROFILES; CO2 ADVECTION; AIR-FLOWS; VEGETATION
AB [1] The nocturnal drainage flow of air causes significant uncertainty in ecosystem CO2, H2O, and energy budgets determined with the eddy covariance measurement approach. In this study, we examined the magnitude, nature, and dynamics of the nocturnal drainage flow in a subalpine forest ecosystem with complex terrain. We used an experimental approach involving four towers, each with vertical profiling of wind speed to measure the magnitude of drainage flows and dynamics in their occurrence. We developed an analytical drainage flow model, constrained with measurements of canopy structure and SF6 diffusion, to help us interpret the tower profile results. Model predictions were in good agreement with observed profiles of wind speed, leaf area density, and wind drag coefficient. Using theory, we showed that this one-dimensional model is reduced to the widely used exponential wind profile model under conditions where vertical leaf area density and drag coefficient are uniformly distributed. We used the model for stability analysis, which predicted the presence of a very stable layer near the height of maximum leaf area density. This stable layer acts as a flow impediment, minimizing vertical dispersion between the subcanopy air space and the atmosphere above the canopy. The prediction is consistent with the results of SF6 diffusion observations that showed minimal vertical dispersion of nighttime, subcanopy drainage flows. The stable within-canopy air layer coincided with the height of maximum wake-to-shear production ratio. We concluded that nighttime drainage flows are restricted to a relatively shallow layer of air beneath the canopy, with little vertical mixing across a relatively long horizontal fetch. Insight into the horizontal and vertical structure of the drainage flow is crucial for understanding the magnitude and dynamics of the mean advective CO2 flux that becomes significant during stable nighttime conditions and are typically missed during measurement of the turbulent CO2 flux. The model and interpretation provided in this study should lead to research strategies for the measurement of these advective fluxes and their inclusion in the overall mass balance for CO2 at this site with complex terrain.
C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
Washington State Univ, Lab Atmospher Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
RP Yi, CX (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM yic@colorado.edu
RI Burns, Sean/A-9352-2008; Yi, Chuixiang/A-1388-2013
OI Burns, Sean/0000-0002-6258-1838;
NR 59
TC 50
Z9 50
U1 0
U2 14
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD NOV 16
PY 2005
VL 110
IS D22
AR D22303
DI 10.1029/2005JD006282
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 988IN
UT WOS:000233587300008
ER
PT J
AU Caputo, MC
Nimmo, JR
AF Caputo, MC
Nimmo, JR
TI Quasi-steady centrifuge method for unsaturated hydraulic properties
SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID EVAPORATION METHOD; SOIL
AB [1] We have developed the quasi-steady centrifuge (QSC) method as a variation of the steady state centrifuge method that can be implemented simply and inexpensively with greater versatility in terms of sample size and other features. It achieves these advantages by somewhat relaxing the criterion for steadiness of flow through the sample. This compromise entails an increase in measurement uncertainty but to a degree that is tolerable in most applications. We have tested this new approach with an easily constructed apparatus to establish a quasi-steady flow of water in unsaturated porous rock samples spinning in a centrifuge, obtaining measurements of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity and water retention that agree with results of other methods. The QSC method is adaptable to essentially any centrifuge suitable for hydrogeologic applications, over a wide range of sizes and operating speeds. The simplified apparatus and greater adaptability of this method expands the potential for exploring situations that are common in nature but have been the subject of few laboratory investigations.
C1 CNR, IRSA, I-70123 Bari, Italy.
US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Caputo, MC (reprint author), CNR, IRSA, Via F De Blasio 5, I-70123 Bari, Italy.
EM maria.caputo@ba.irsa.cnr.it
NR 11
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 7
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0043-1397
J9 WATER RESOUR RES
JI Water Resour. Res.
PD NOV 16
PY 2005
VL 41
IS 11
AR W11504
DI 10.1029/2005WR003957
PG 5
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water
Resources
GA 988JH
UT WOS:000233589900005
ER
PT J
AU Chiou, CT
Schmedding, DW
Manes, M
AF Chiou, CT
Schmedding, DW
Manes, M
TI Improved prediction of octanol-water partition coefficients from
liquid-solute water solubilities and molar volumes
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID FREE-ENERGY RELATIONSHIPS; MOLECULAR-SURFACE AREA; HENRYS LAW CONSTANTS;
AQUEOUS SOLUBILITY; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS;
CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHODS; HYDROPHOBIC POLLUTANTS; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS;
CHEMICALS
AB A volume-fraction-based solvent-water partition model for dilute solutes, in which the partition coefficient shows a dependence on solute molar volume ((V) over bar), is adapted to predict the octanol-water partition coefficient (K-ow) from the liquid or supercooled-liquid solute water solubility (S-w) or vice versa. The established correlation is tested for a wide range of industrial compounds and pesticides (e.g., halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons, alkylbenzenes, halogenated benzenes, ethers, esters, PAHs, PCBs, organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates, and amides-ureas-triazines), which comprise a total of 215 test compounds spanning about 10 orders of magnitude in S-w and 8.5 orders of magnitude in K-ow. Except for phenols and alcohols, which require special considerations of the K-ow data, the correlation predicts the K-ow within 0.1 log units for most compounds, much independent of the compound type or the magnitude in K-ow. With reliable S-w and (V) over bar data for compounds of interest, the correlation provides an effective means for either predicting the unavailable log K-ow values or verifying the reliability of the reported log K-ow data.
C1 US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
Kent State Univ, Dept Chem, Kent, OH 44242 USA.
RP Chiou, CT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Box 25046,Mail Stop 408, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM ctchiou@usgs.gov
RI Chiou, Cary/C-3203-2013
NR 74
TC 33
Z9 33
U1 2
U2 31
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD NOV 15
PY 2005
VL 39
IS 22
BP 8840
EP 8846
DI 10.1021/es050729d
PG 7
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 984IS
UT WOS:000233297100043
PM 16323784
ER
PT J
AU Amrani, A
Lewan, MD
Aizenshtat, Z
AF Amrani, A
Lewan, MD
Aizenshtat, Z
TI Stable sulfur isotope partitioning during simulated petroleum formation
as determined by hydrous pyrolysis of Ghareb Limestone, Israel
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Article
ID ORGANIC-MATTER; GEOCHEMICAL CORRELATION; LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS;
SEDIMENTARY-ROCKS; CARBON ISOTOPES; OIL SHALES; RICH; KEROGEN; BASIN;
TRANSFORMATIONS
AB Hydrous pyrolysis experiments at 200 to 365 degrees C were carried out on a thermally immature organic-rich limestone containing Type-IIS kerogen from the Ghareb Limestone in North Negev, Israel. This work focuses on the thermal behavior of both organic and inorganic sulfur species and the partitioning of their stable sulfur isotopes among organic and inorganic phases generated during hydrous pyrolyses. Most of the sulfur in the rock (85%) is organic sulfur. The most dominant sulfur transformation is cleavage of organic-bound sulfur to form H(2)S((gas)). Up to 70% of this organic sulfur is released as H(2)S((gas)) that is isotopically lighter than the sulfur in the kerogen. Organic sulfur is enriched by up to 2 parts per thousand in (34)S during thermal maturation compared with the initial delta(34)S values. The delta(34)S values of the three main organic fractions (kerogen, bitumen and expelled oil) are within 1 parts per thousand of one another. No thermochemical sulfate reduction or sulfate formation was observed during the experiments. The early released sulfur reacted with available iron to form secondary pyrite and is the Most (34)S depleted phase, which is 21 parts per thousand lighter than the bulk organic sulfur. The large isotopic fractionation for the early formed H(2)S is a result of the system not being in equilibrium. As partial pressure of H(2)S(gas) increases, retro reactions with the organic sulfur in the closed system may cause isotope exchange and isotopic homogenization. Part of the delta(34)S-enriched secondary pyrite decomposes above 300 degrees C resulting in a corresponding decrease in the delta(34)S of the remaining pyrite. These results are relevant to interpreting thermal maturation processes and their effect on kerogen-oil-H(2)S-pyrite correlations. In particular, the use of pyrite-kerogen delta(34)S relations in reconstructing diagenetic conditions of thermally mature rocks is questionable because formation of secondary pyrite during thermal maturation can mask the isotopic signature and quantity of the original diagenetic pyrite. The main transformations of kerogen to bitumen and bitumen to oil can be recorded by using both sulfur content and delta(34)S of each phase including the H(2)S((gas)). H(2)S generated in association with oil should be isotopically lighter or similar to oil. It is concluded that small isotopic differentiation obtained between organic and inorganic sulfur species suggests closed-system conditions. Conversely, open-system conditions may cause significant isotopic discrimination between the oil and its source kerogen. The magnitude of this discrimination is suggested to be highly dependent on the availability of iron in a source rock resulting in secondary formation of pyrite. Copyright (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd.
C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Casali Inst Appl Chem, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel.
Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Organ Chem, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel.
US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
RP Aizenshtat, Z (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Casali Inst Appl Chem, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel.
EM zeev@vms.huji.ac.il
NR 55
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 2
U2 15
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD NOV 15
PY 2005
VL 69
IS 22
BP 5317
EP 5331
DI 10.1016/j.gca.2005.06.026
PG 15
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 999UZ
UT WOS:000234417400011
ER
PT J
AU Barth, GR
Hill, MC
AF Barth, GR
Hill, MC
TI Parameter and observation importance in modelling virus transport in
saturated porous media - investigations in a homogenous system
SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE reactive transport; sorption; virus; sensitivity; parameter estimation
ID FIELD TRACER TESTS; SANDY AQUIFER; GROUNDWATER; WATER; MICROORGANISMS;
BACTERIOPHAGE; MICROSPHERE; PERSISTENCE; MOVEMENT; SOILS
AB This paper evaluates the importance of seven types of parameters to virus transport: hydraulic conductivity, porosity, dispersivity, sorption rate and distribution coefficient (representing physical-chemical filtration), and in-solution and adsorbed inactivation (representing virus inactivation). The first three parameters relate to subsurface transport in general while the last four, the sorption rate, distribution coefficient, and in-solution and adsorbed inactivation rates, represent the interaction of viruses with the porous medium and their ability to persist. The importance of four types of observations to estimate the virus-transport parameters are evaluated: hydraulic heads, flow, temporal moments of conservative-transport concentrations, and virus concentrations. The evaluations are conducted using one- and two-dimensional homogeneous simulations, designed from published field experiments, and recently developed sensitivity-analysis methods. Sensitivity to the transport-simulation time-step size is used to evaluate the importance of numerical solution difficulties. Results suggest that hydraulic conductivity, porosity, and sorption are most important to virus-transport predictions. Most observation types provide substantial information about hydraulic conductivity and porosity; only virus-concentration observations provide information about sorption and inactivation. The observations are not sufficient to estimate these important parameters uniquely. Even with all observation types, there is extreme parameter correlation between porosity and hydraulic conductivity and between the sorption rate and insolution inactivation. Parameter estimation was accomplished by fixing values of porosity and insolution inactivation. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 SS Papadopulos & Associates Inc, Boulder, CO 80302 USA.
US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RP Barth, GR (reprint author), SS Papadopulos & Associates Inc, 1877 Broadway Suite 703, Boulder, CO 80302 USA.
EM gbarth@sspa.com
NR 41
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-7722
J9 J CONTAM HYDROL
JI J. Contam. Hydrol.
PD NOV 15
PY 2005
VL 80
IS 3-4
BP 107
EP 129
DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2005.06.012
PG 23
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
GA 984HC
UT WOS:000233292500002
PM 16202474
ER
PT J
AU Orange, D
Garcia-Garcia, A
Lorenson, T
Nittrouer, C
Milligan, T
Miserocchi, S
Langone, L
Correggiari, A
Trincardi, F
AF Orange, D
Garcia-Garcia, A
Lorenson, T
Nittrouer, C
Milligan, T
Miserocchi, S
Langone, L
Correggiari, A
Trincardi, F
TI Shallow gas and flood deposition on the Po Delta
SO MARINE GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International ComDelta Symposium on Comparing Mediterranean and Black
Sea Prodeltas
CY OCT 26-28, 2003
CL Aix en Provence, FRANCE
DE shallow gas; biogenic methane; flood deposits; flocculated fraction; Po
delta; Adriatic Sea
ID ANAEROBIC METHANE OXIDATION; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; ORGANIC-CARBON; EEL
RIVER; SULFATE REDUCTION; ADRIATIC SEA; SEDIMENTS; CALIFORNIA;
TRANSPORT; MARINE
AB Sediment cores acquired on the Po delta, northwestern Adriatic Sea, in water depths of 10 to 25 m yielded anomalous concentrations of methane up to 41,300 ppm. Of the 19 unique sites analyzed 5 sites (9 cores) had more than 90 ppm of CH(4) and of those, 3 sites (4 cores) had more than 13,800 ppm methane. Compositional and isotopic analyses of the gas support a bacterial origin. Anomalous methane concentrations were found in kasten, gravity, and box cores; where more than one core type was acquired at a single location, all cores contained anomalous methane. Despite the regional high productivity in the Adriatic, all of the highest gas concentrations were found in the region associated with the thickest accumulation of recent flood deposits off the most active channel of the Po delta (Po di Pila). Cores acquired in this region contain primary sedimentary structures that indicate rapid burial of thick (> 10 cm) flood deposits and a relative lack of bioturbation down to the base of the flood layer. We propose that in the Po delta, flood deposits deliver significant amounts of terrigenous organic matter that can be rapidly buried on the prodelta, effectively removing this organic matter from aerobic oxidation and biological uptake, and leading to the potential for methanogenesis with burial. In areas unaffected by this high flux of organic matter and rapid/thick flood deposition, or in between flood events, our data indicate that the conditions for methanogenesis and gas accumulation have not been met. We suggest that in these areas, the physical and biological reworking of the surficial sediment between flood events may effectively oxidize and mineralize organic matter (derived from both marine and terrestrial sources) and limit bacterial methanogenesis in the subsurface. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 AOA Geophys Inc, Marine Geosci Div, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA.
Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
Bedford Inst Oceanog, Habitat Ecol Sect, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada.
CNR, Ist Geol Marina, ISMAR, I-40129 Bologna, Italy.
RP Orange, D (reprint author), AOA Geophys Inc, Marine Geosci Div, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA.
EM Dan_Orange@aoageophysics.com
RI Langone, Leonardo/D-8139-2011; Correggiari, Annamaria/I-6628-2013;
Correggiari, Annamaria/J-3413-2013; CNR, Ismar/P-1247-2014; Miserocchi,
Stefano/P-7168-2015;
OI Correggiari, Annamaria/0000-0001-9820-5423; CNR,
Ismar/0000-0001-5351-1486; Miserocchi, Stefano/0000-0002-6315-8919;
Trincardi, Fabio/0000-0002-8476-8804
NR 84
TC 20
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0025-3227
J9 MAR GEOL
JI Mar. Geol.
PD NOV 15
PY 2005
VL 222
BP 159
EP 177
DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2005.06.040
PG 19
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography
SC Geology; Oceanography
GA 987LX
UT WOS:000233520500009
ER
PT J
AU Rowan, LC
Mars, JC
Simpson, CJ
AF Rowan, LC
Mars, JC
Simpson, CJ
TI Lithologic mapping of the Mordor, NT, Australia ultramafic complex by
using the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer
(ASTER)
SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Mordor Australia; ultramafic complex; rocks; Advanced Spaceborne Thermal
Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER); spectral reflectance;
emittance; multispectral data; lithologic mapping; remote sensing
ID IMAGING SPECTROMETER DATA; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; IMAGES; MINERALS;
SURFACE
AB Spectral measurements made in the Mordor Pound, NT, Australia study area using the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER), in the laboratory and in situ show dominantly Al-OH and ferric-iron VNIR-SWIR absorption features in felsic rock spectra and ferrous-iron and Fe,Mg-OH features in the mafic-ultramafic rock spectra. ASTER ratio images, matched-filter, and spectral-angle mapper processing (SAM) were evaluated for mapping the lithologies. Matched-filter processing in which VNIR+SNVIR image spectra were used for reference resulted in 4 felsic classes and 4 mafic-ultramafic classes based on Al-OH or Fc.Mg-OH absorption features and, in some, subtle reflectance differences related to differential weathering and vegetation. These results were similar to those obtained by match-filter analysis of HyMap data from a previous study, but the units were more clearly demarcated in the HyMap image.
ASTER TIR spectral emittance data and laboratory emissivity measurements document a wide wavelength range of Si-O spectral features, which reflect the lithological diversity of the Mordor ultramafic complex and adjacent rocks. SAM processing of the spectral emittance data distinguished 2 classes representing the mafic-ultramafic rocks and 4 classes comprising the quartzose to intermediate composition rocks. Utilization of the complementary attributes of the spectral reflectance and spectral emittance data resulted in discrimination of 4 mafic-ultramafic categories; 3 categories of alluvial-colluvial deposits; and a significantly more completely mapped quartzite unit than could be accomplished by using either data set alone. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA USA.
Colin J Simpson & Associates, Torrens, ACT 2607, Australia.
RP Rowan, LC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, MS 954, Reston, VA USA.
EM lrowan@usgs.gov; jmars@usgs.gov; simpsons@webone.com.au
NR 28
TC 100
Z9 109
U1 1
U2 15
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0034-4257
J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON
JI Remote Sens. Environ.
PD NOV 15
PY 2005
VL 99
IS 1-2
BP 105
EP 126
DI 10.1016/j.rse.2004.11.021
PG 22
WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic
Technology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
GA 984EV
UT WOS:000233286200011
ER
PT J
AU Hubbard, BE
Crowley, JK
AF Hubbard, BE
Crowley, JK
TI Mineral mapping on the Chilean-Bolivian Altiplano using co-orbital ALI,
ASTER and Hyperion imagery: Data dimensionality issues and solutions
SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE ALI; ASTER; Hyperion; EO-1; terra; volcanoes; Central Andes; mineral
mapping; multispectral and hyperspectral dimensionality
ID SPACEBORNE THERMAL EMISSION; REFLECTION RADIOMETER ASTER; PLAYA
EVAPORITE MINERALS; IMAGING SPECTROMETER; AVIRIS DATA; CALIFORNIA;
PERFORMANCE; AIRBORNE; CUPRITE; NEVADA
AB Hyperspectral data coverage from the EO-1 Hyperion sensor was useful for calibrating Advanced Land Imager (ALI) and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) images of a volcanic terrane area of the Chilean-Bolivian Altiplano. Following calibration, the ALI and ASTER datasets were co-registered and joined to produce a 13-channel reflectance cube spanning the Visible to Short Wave Infrared (0.4-2.4 mu m). Eigen analysis and comparison of the Hyperion data with the ALI+ASTER reflectance data, as well as mapping results using various ALI+ASTER data subsets, provided insights into the information dimensionality of all the data. In particular, high spectral resolution, low signal-to-noise Hyperion data were only marginally better for mineral mapping than the merged 13-channel, low spectral resolution, high signal-to-noise ALI+ASTER dataset. Neither the Hyperion nor the combined ALI+ASTER datasets had sufficient information dimensionality for mapping the diverse range of surface materials exposed on the Altiplano. However, it is possible to optimize the use of the multispectral data for mineral-mapping purposes by careful data subsetting, and by employing other appropriate image-processing strategies. Published by Elsevier Inc.
C1 US Geol Survey, Eastern Mineral Resources, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Hubbard, BE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Mineral Resources, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,Mail Stop 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
EM bhubbard@usgs.gov
NR 38
TC 52
Z9 61
U1 2
U2 18
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0034-4257
J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON
JI Remote Sens. Environ.
PD NOV 15
PY 2005
VL 99
IS 1-2
BP 173
EP 186
DI 10.1016/j.rse.2005.04.027
PG 14
WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic
Technology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
GA 984EV
UT WOS:000233286200015
ER
PT J
AU Kargel, JS
Abrams, MJ
Bishop, MP
Bush, A
Hamilton, G
Jiskoot, H
Kaab, A
Kieffer, HH
Lee, EM
Paul, F
Rau, F
Raup, B
Shroder, JF
Soltesz, D
Stainforth, D
Stearns, L
Wessels, R
AF Kargel, JS
Abrams, MJ
Bishop, MP
Bush, A
Hamilton, G
Jiskoot, H
Kaab, A
Kieffer, HH
Lee, EM
Paul, F
Rau, F
Raup, B
Shroder, JF
Soltesz, D
Stainforth, D
Stearns, L
Wessels, R
TI Multispectral imaging contributions to global land ice measurements from
space
SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Review
DE ASTER; glacier monitoring; cryosphere; GLIMS; Glacier Land Ice
Measurements from Space
ID SWISS GLACIER INVENTORY; SURGE-TYPE GLACIERS; CLIMATE-CHANGE;
MASS-BALANCE; ASTER DATA; SATELLITE IMAGERY; WEST ANTARCTICA;
GREENHOUSE-GAS; SHELF COLLAPSE; GREENLAND
AB Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) is an international consortium established to acquire satellite images of the world's glaciers.. analyse them for glacier extent and changes, and assess change data for causes and implications for people and the environment. Although GLIMS is making use of multiple remote-sensing systems, ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and reflection Radiometer) is optimized for many needed observations, including mapping of glacier boundaries and material facies, and tracking of surface dynamics., such as flow vector fields and supraglacial lake development. Software development by GLIMS is geared toward mapping clean-ice and debris-covered glaciers; terrain classification emphasizing snow, ice, water, and admixtures of ice with rock debris; multitemporal change analysis, visualization of images and derived data; and interpretation and archiving of derived data. A global glacier database has been designed at the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC, Boulder, Colorado); parameters are compatible with and expanded from those of the World Glacier Inventory (WGI). These technology efforts are summarized here, but will be presented in detail elsewhere. Our presentation here pertains to one broad question: How can ASTER and other satellite multispectral data be used to map, monitor, and characterize the state and dynamics of glaciers and to understand their responses to 20th and 21st century climate change? Our sampled results are not yet glaciologically or climatically representative. Our early results, while indicating complexity, are generally consistent with the glaciology community's conclusion that climate change is spurring glacier responses around the world (mainly retreat). Whether individual glaciers are advancing or retreating, the aggregate average of glacier change must be climatic in origin, as nonclimatic variations average out. We have discerned regional spatial patterns in glaciological response behavior; these patterns are best attributed to climate-change variability and to regional differences in glacier size and response times. In many cases, glacier length changes under-represent the magnitude of glacier ablation, because thinning (sometimes without immediate length changes) is also important. An expanded systematic, uniform analysis of many more glaciers is needed to isolate the glacier response components due to climatic and nonclimatic perturbations, to produce quantitative measures of regional variation in glacier changes, and to predict future regional glacier trends relevant to water resources, glaciological hazards, and global sea level. This comprehensive assessment (to be completed in stages) is expected to lend a critically needed filter to identify successful climate models that explain recent glacier changes and change patterns (and hence, are apt to describe future changes) and to eliminate unsuccessful models. (C) 2005 Elsevier lnc. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
Univ Nebraska, Omaha, NE 68182 USA.
Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada.
Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME 04469 USA.
Univ Lethbridge, Dept Geog, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada.
Univ Zurich, Dept Geog, Glaciol & Geomorphodynam Grp, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
Celestial Reasonings, Carson City, NV USA.
Univ Freiburg, Inst Phys Geog, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany.
Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Oxford, Oxford, England.
US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK USA.
RP Kargel, JS (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
EM kargel@hwr.arizona.edu
RI Hamilton, Gordon/G-1679-2011; Kaab, Andreas/A-3607-2012
NR 152
TC 137
Z9 145
U1 8
U2 93
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0034-4257
EI 1879-0704
J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON
JI Remote Sens. Environ.
PD NOV 15
PY 2005
VL 99
IS 1-2
BP 187
EP 219
DI 10.1016/j.rse.2005.07.004
PG 33
WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic
Technology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
GA 984EV
UT WOS:000233286200016
ER
PT J
AU Striegl, RG
Aiken, GR
Dornblaser, MM
Raymond, PA
Wickland, KP
AF Striegl, RG
Aiken, GR
Dornblaser, MM
Raymond, PA
Wickland, KP
TI A decrease in discharge-normalized DOC export by the Yukon River during
summer through autumn
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; ARCTIC-OCEAN; DISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST;
CLIMATE-CHANGE; ALASKA; MATTER; TUNDRA; FLUX; CO2
AB Climate warming is having a dramatic effect on the vegetation distribution and carbon cycling of terrestrial subarctic and arctic ecosystems. Here, we present hydrologic evidence that warming is also affecting the export of dissolved organic carbon and bicarbonate (DOC and HCO3-) at the large basin scale. In the 831,400 km(2) Yukon River basin, water discharge (Q) corrected DOC export significantly decreased during the growing season from 1978 - 80 to 2001 - 03, indicating a major shift in terrestrial to aquatic C transfer. We conclude that decreased DOC export, relative to total summer through autumn Q, results from increased flow path, residence time, and microbial mineralization of DOC in the soil active layer and groundwater. Counter to current predictions, we argue that continued warming could result in decreased DOC export to the Bering Sea and Arctic Ocean by major subarctic and arctic rivers, due to increased respiration of organic C on land.
C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA.
RP Striegl, RG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM rstriegl@usgs.gov
RI Raymond, Peter/C-4087-2009;
OI Raymond, Peter/0000-0002-8564-7860; Wickland,
Kimberly/0000-0002-6400-0590
NR 28
TC 169
Z9 172
U1 2
U2 43
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD NOV 12
PY 2005
VL 32
IS 21
AR L21413
DI 10.1029/2005GL024413
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 985CU
UT WOS:000233354500009
ER
PT J
AU Nakano, M
Kumagai, H
AF Nakano, M
Kumagai, H
TI Waveform inversion of volcano-seismic signals assuming possible source
geometries (vol 32, art no L12302, 2005)
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Correction
C1 Natl Res Inst Earth Sci & Disaster Prevent, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050006, Japan.
Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Environm Studies, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
RP Nakano, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM mnakano@usgs.gov; kumagai@bosai.go.jp
NR 1
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD NOV 11
PY 2005
VL 32
IS 21
AR L21312
DI 10.1029/2005GL024848
PG 1
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 985CS
UT WOS:000233354300010
ER
PT J
AU Grimm, V
Revilla, E
Berger, U
Jeltsch, F
Mooij, WM
Railsback, SF
Thulke, HH
Weiner, J
Wiegand, T
DeAngelis, DL
AF Grimm, V
Revilla, E
Berger, U
Jeltsch, F
Mooij, WM
Railsback, SF
Thulke, HH
Weiner, J
Wiegand, T
DeAngelis, DL
TI Pattern-oriented modeling of agent-based complex systems: Lessons from
ecology
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Review
ID INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL; NATURAL BEECH FORESTS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION;
SIMULATION-MODEL; MULTIAGENT MODEL; UNCERTAINTY; SPREAD; RABIES
AB Agent-based complex systems are dynamic networks of many interacting agents; examples include ecosystems, financial markets, and cities. The search for general principles underlying the internal organization of such systems often uses bottom-up simulation models such as cellular automata and agent-based models. No general framework for designing, testing, and analyzing bottom-up models has yet been established, but recent advances in ecological modeling have come together in a general strategy we call pattern-oriented modeling. This strategy provides a unifying framework for decoding the internal organization of agent-based complex systems and may lead toward unifying algorithmic theories of the relation between adaptive behavior and system complexity.
C1 UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Dept Okol Syst Anal, D-04301 Leipzig, Germany.
CSIC, Spanish Council Sci Res, Estac Biol Donana, Dept Appl Biol, E-41013 Seville, Spain.
Zentrum Marine Tropenokol, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
Univ Potsdam, Inst Biochem & Biol, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany.
Netherlands Inst Ecol, Ctr Limnol, NL-3631 AC Nieuwersluis, Netherlands.
Humboldt State Univ, Lang Railsback & Associates, Arcata, CA 95521 USA.
Humboldt State Univ, Dept Math, Arcata, CA 95521 USA.
Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Dept Ecol, Bot Sect, DK-1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Univ Miami, US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
RP Grimm, V (reprint author), UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Dept Okol Syst Anal, PF 500 136, D-04301 Leipzig, Germany.
EM volker.grimm@ufz.de
RI Revilla, Eloy/B-5100-2008; Mooij, Wolf/C-2677-2008; Thulke,
Hans-Hermann/I-6923-2013; Weiner, Jacob/E-1839-2011; Wiegand,
Thorsten/H-5877-2016; CSIC, EBD Donana/C-4157-2011;
OI Revilla, Eloy/0000-0001-5534-5581; Mooij, Wolf/0000-0001-5586-8200;
Thulke, Hans-Hermann/0000-0002-7670-2231; Weiner,
Jacob/0000-0002-0736-7943; Wiegand, Thorsten/0000-0002-3721-2248; CSIC,
EBD Donana/0000-0003-4318-6602; Railsback, Steven/0000-0002-5923-9847;
Jeltsch, Florian/0000-0002-4670-6469
NR 39
TC 764
Z9 790
U1 42
U2 387
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD NOV 11
PY 2005
VL 310
IS 5750
BP 987
EP 991
DI 10.1126/science.1116681
PG 5
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 984YN
UT WOS:000233343400034
PM 16284171
ER
PT J
AU Ricciardi, KL
Pinder, GF
Belitz, K
AF Ricciardi, KL
Pinder, GF
Belitz, K
TI Comparison of the lognormal and beta distribution functions to describe
the uncertainty in permeability
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE permeability; distribution; uncertainty; variability; beta distribution;
lognormal distribution
AB The permeability of a single hydrostratigraphic unit is associated with considerable uncertainty due to measurement errors and significant spatial variability. Historically this uncertainty is characterized by a lognormal distribution. This distribution is generally heavy tailed, so using this distribution to describe the permeability has the limitation that all positive values of permeability for a given hydrostratigraphic unit have positive (not zero) probability of occurrence. The beta distribution, with its bounded domain, is explored as an alternative to the lognormal distribution in describing the uncertainty of permeability.
The lognormal distribution and the beta distribution are both fit to the historic data provided by Jan Law in 1944 that was used to generalize the statement that the uncertainty in the permeability follows a lognormal distribution. The lognormal distribution and the beta distribution are also fit to an extensive permeability data set taken from regions within the Dakota Sandstone that have been shown to represent a single hydrostratigraphic unit. The results of this curve fitting exercise indicate that the beta distribution is a viable alternative to the lognormal distribution to characterize the uncertainty in permeability. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Math, Boston, MA 02125 USA.
Univ Vermont, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Burlington, VT 05405 USA.
US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, San Diego, CA 92123 USA.
RP Ricciardi, KL (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Math, Boston, MA 02125 USA.
EM ricciard@math.umb.edu; pinder@uvm.edu; kbelitz@usgs.gov
NR 10
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-1694
J9 J HYDROL
JI J. Hydrol.
PD NOV 10
PY 2005
VL 313
IS 3-4
BP 248
EP 256
DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.03.007
PG 9
WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA 979PL
UT WOS:000232957200012
ER
PT J
AU Bjerklie, DM
Dingman, SL
Bolster, CH
AF Bjerklie, DM
Dingman, SL
Bolster, CH
TI Comparison of constitutive flow resistance equations based on the
Manning and Chezy equations applied to natural rivers
SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID DISCHARGE; CHANNELS; STREAMS
AB [1] A set of conceptually derived in-bank river discharge - estimating equations ( models), based on the Manning and Chezy equations, are calibrated and validated using a database of 1037 discharge measurements in 103 rivers in the United States and New Zealand. The models are compared to a multiple regression model derived from the same data. The comparison demonstrates that in natural rivers, using an exponent on the slope variable of 0.33 rather than the traditional value of 0.5 reduces the variance associated with estimating flow resistance. Mean model uncertainty, assuming a constant value for the conductance coefficient, is less than 5% for a large number of estimates, and 67% of the estimates would be accurate within 50%. The models have potential application where site-specific flow resistance information is not available and can be the basis for ( 1) a general approach to estimating discharge from remotely sensed hydraulic data, ( 2) comparison to slope-area discharge estimates, and ( 3) large-scale river modeling.
C1 US Geol Survey, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA.
ARS, USDA, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA.
Univ New Hampshire, Dept Earth Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
RP Bjerklie, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 101 Pitkin St, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA.
EM dmbjerkl@usgs.gov
NR 19
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 1
U2 12
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0043-1397
J9 WATER RESOUR RES
JI Water Resour. Res.
PD NOV 10
PY 2005
VL 41
IS 11
AR W11502
DI 10.1029/2004WR003776
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water
Resources
GA 985EB
UT WOS:000233358000001
ER
PT J
AU Parsons, T
AF Parsons, T
TI A hypothesis for delayed dynamic earthquake triggering (vol 32, art no
L04302, 2005)
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Correction
C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Parsons, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM tparsons@usgs.gov
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD NOV 9
PY 2005
VL 32
IS 21
AR L21310
DI 10.1029/2005GL024781
PG 1
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 985CP
UT WOS:000233354000009
ER
PT J
AU Onderdonk, NW
Minor, SA
Kellogg, KS
AF Onderdonk, NW
Minor, SA
Kellogg, KS
TI Taking apart the Big Pine fault: Redefining a major structural feature
in southern California
SO TECTONICS
LA English
DT Article
ID WESTERN TRANSVERSE RANGES; ROTATION; BASIN
AB New mapping along the Big Pine fault trend in southern California indicates that this structural alignment is actually three separate faults, which exhibit different geometries, slip histories, and senses of offset since Miocene time. The easternmost fault, along the north side of Lockwood Valley, exhibits left-lateral reverse Quaternary displacement but was a north dipping normal fault in late Oligocene to early Miocene time. The eastern Big Pine fault that bounds the southern edge of the Cuyama Badlands is a south dipping reverse fault that is continuous with the San Guillermo fault. The western segment of the Big Pine fault trend is a north dipping thrust fault continuous with the Pine Mountain fault and delineates the northern boundary of the rotated western Transverse Ranges terrane. This redefinition of the Big Pine fault differs greatly from the previous interpretation and significantly alters regional tectonic models and seismic risk estimates. The outcome of this study also demonstrates that basic geologic mapping is still needed to support the development of geologic models.
C1 Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Geol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA.
US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
Univ Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
RP Onderdonk, NW (reprint author), Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Geol Sci, 5151 State Univ Dr, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA.
EM nate.onderdonk@calstatela.edu
NR 25
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0278-7407
EI 1944-9194
J9 TECTONICS
JI Tectonics
PD NOV 9
PY 2005
VL 24
IS 6
AR TC6002
DI 10.1029/2005TC001817
PG 11
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 985DY
UT WOS:000233357600001
ER
PT J
AU Waite, GP
Schutt, DL
Smith, RB
AF Waite, GP
Schutt, DL
Smith, RB
TI Models of lithosphere and asthenosphere anisotropic structure of the
Yellowstone hot spot from shear wave splitting
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
LA English
DT Article
ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; MANTLE DEFORMATION MODELS; SNAKE RIVER PLAIN;
SEISMIC ANISOTROPY; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; VOLCANIC FIELD; NORTH-AMERICA;
GREAT-BASIN; P-WAVE; BENEATH
AB [1] Teleseismic shear wave splitting measured at 56 continuous and temporary seismographs deployed in a 500 km by 600 km area around the Yellowstone hot spot indicates that fast anisotropy in the mantle is parallel to the direction of plate motion under most of the array. The average split time from all stations of 0.9 s is typical of continental stations. There is little evidence for plume-induced radial strain, suggesting that any contribution of gravitationally spreading plume material is undetectably small with respect to the plate motion velocity. Two stations within Yellowstone have splitting measurements indicating the apparent fast anisotropy direction (phi) is nearly perpendicular to plate motion. These stations are similar to 30 km from stations with phi parallel to plate motion. The 70 degrees rotation over 30 km suggests a shallow source of anisotropy; however, split times for these stations are more than 2 s. We suggest melt-filled, stress-oriented cracks in the lithosphere are responsible for the anomalous phi orientations within Yellowstone. Stations southeast of Yellowstone have measurements of phi oriented NNW to WNW at high angles to the plate motion direction. The Archean lithosphere beneath these stations may have significant anisotropy capable of producing the observed splitting.
C1 Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
RP US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM gwaite@usgs.gov
RI Waite, Gregory/B-7082-2009; Schutt, Derek /C-1697-2008;
OI Schutt, Derek /0000-0002-4504-5662; Waite, Gregory/0000-0002-7092-8125
NR 85
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9313
EI 2169-9356
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth
PD NOV 8
PY 2005
VL 110
IS B11
AR B11304
DI 10.1029/2004JB003501
PG 19
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 985DR
UT WOS:000233356800001
ER
PT J
AU Doyle, MW
Stanley, EH
Strayer, DL
Jacobson, RB
Schmidt, JC
AF Doyle, MW
Stanley, EH
Strayer, DL
Jacobson, RB
Schmidt, JC
TI Effective discharge analysis of ecological processes in streams
SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID FLOW; RETENTION; TRANSPORT; ECOSYSTEM; PERSPECTIVE; DISTURBANCE;
METABOLISM; MAGNITUDE; FREQUENCY; RIVERS
AB Discharge is a master variable that controls many processes in stream ecosystems. However, there is uncertainty of which discharges are most important for driving particular ecological processes and thus how flow regime may influence entire stream ecosystems. Here the analytical method of effective discharge from fluvial geomorphology is used to analyze the interaction between frequency and magnitude of discharge events that drive organic matter transport, algal growth, nutrient retention, macroinvertebrate disturbance, and habitat availability. We quantify the ecological effective discharge using a synthesis of previously published studies and modeling from a range of study sites. An analytical expression is then developed for a particular case of ecological effective discharge and is used to explore how effective discharge varies within variable hydrologic regimes. Our results suggest that a range of discharges is important for different ecological processes in an individual stream. Discharges are not equally important; instead, effective discharge values exist that correspond to near modal flows and moderate floods for the variable sets examined. We suggest four types of ecological response to discharge variability: discharge as a transport mechanism, regulator of habitat, process modulator, and disturbance. Effective discharge analysis will perform well when there is a unique, essentially instantaneous relationship between discharge and an ecological process and poorly when effects of discharge are delayed or confounded by legacy effects. Despite some limitations the conceptual and analytical utility of the effective discharge analysis allows exploring general questions about how hydrologic variability influences various ecological processes in streams.
C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53760 USA.
Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA.
US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA.
Utah State Univ, Dept Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
RP Doyle, MW (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog, CB 3220, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
EM mwdoyle@email.unc.edu; ehstanley@wisc.edu; strayerd@ecostudies.org;
robb_jacobson@usgs.gov; jschmidt@cnr.usu.edu
RI Strayer, David/H-3788-2011
NR 44
TC 75
Z9 76
U1 4
U2 35
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0043-1397
J9 WATER RESOUR RES
JI Water Resour. Res.
PD NOV 8
PY 2005
VL 41
IS 11
AR W11411
DI 10.1029/2005WR004222
PG 16
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water
Resources
GA 985EA
UT WOS:000233357900006
ER
PT J
AU Savage, JC
Svarc, JL
Yu, SB
AF Savage, JC
Svarc, JL
Yu, SB
TI Postseismic relaxation and transient creep
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
LA English
DT Article
ID 1999 CHI-CHI; CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE; LANDERS EARTHQUAKE;
INTERNAL-FRICTION; ACOUSTIC-EMISSION; HECTOR MINE; DEFORMATION; TAIWAN;
AFTERSHOCKS; ROCKS
AB Postseismic deformation has been observed in the epicentral area following the 1992 Landers (M = 7.3), 1999 Chi-Chi (M = 7.6), 1999 Hector Mine (M = 7.1), 2002 Denali (M = 7.9), 2003 San Simeon (M = 6.5), and 2004 Parkfield (M = 6.0) earthquakes. The observations consist of repeated GPS measurements of the position of one monument relative to another (separation similar to 100 km). The early observations (t < 0.1 year) are well fit by the function a ' + c ' log(t), where t is the time after the earthquake and a ' and c ' are constants chosen to fit the data. Because a log(t) time dependence is characteristic of transient (primary) creep, the early postseismic response may be governed by transient creep as Benioff proposed in 1951. That inference is provisional as the stress conditions prevailing in postseismic relaxation are not identical to the constant stress condition in creep experiments. The observed logarithmic time dependence includes no characteristic time that might aid in identifying the micromechanical cause.
C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
Acad Sinica, Inst Earth Sci, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
RP US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM jasavage@usgs.gov; jsvarc@usgs.gv; yusb@earth.sinica.edu.tw
NR 44
TC 32
Z9 33
U1 8
U2 11
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9313
EI 2169-9356
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth
PD NOV 4
PY 2005
VL 110
IS B11
AR B11402
DI 10.1029/2005JB003687
PG 14
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 982MS
UT WOS:000233163200003
ER
PT J
AU Johnson, JB
Harris, AJL
Hoblitt, RP
AF Johnson, JB
Harris, AJL
Hoblitt, RP
TI Thermal observations of gas pistoning at Kilauea Volcano
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
LA English
DT Article
ID STROMBOLI VOLCANO; ACOUSTIC OBSERVATIONS; DEGASSING EXPLOSIONS; KARYMSKY
VOLCANO; EREBUS VOLCANO; LAVA FLOWS; ERUPTIONS; HAWAII; DYNAMICS; TREMOR
AB Data acquired by three continuously recording thermal infrared thermometers situated on the north rim of Pu'u'O'o Crater at Kilauea Volcano during 2002 revealed episodes of periodic thermal pulses originating from a degassing vent on the crater floor. These thermal pulses are interpreted as gas release (jetting events) associated with gas pistoning, a mechanism observed previously at both Mauna Ulu and Pu`u`O`o. During a 35-day-long period spanning June and July 2002, gas pistoning was frequently the dominant mode of gas release, with as many as several hundred pulses occurring in uninterrupted series. On other days, degassing alternated between periods of quasi-continuous gas jetting and intervals of gas pistoning that contained a few to a few dozen pulses. Characteristic time intervals between pistoning events ranged from 2 up to 7 min. We identify three types of pistoning. Type 1 involves emission of lava, followed by gas jetting and drain back; type 2 is the same but the elevated position of the vent does not allow postjet drain back; and type 3 involves gas jetting only with no precursory lava flow. To explain gas pistoning, we apply a model whereby a stagnant cap of degassed magma develops in the conduit below the vent. Gas bubbles rise through the magma column and collect under the cap. The collective buoyancy of these bubbles pushes the cap upward. When the cap reaches the surface, it erupts from the vent as a lava flow. Unloading of the conduit magma in this way results in an abrupt pressure drop (i.e., the overburden felt by the bubbles is reduced), causing explosive gas expansion in the form of gas jetting from the vent. This terminates the event and lava drains back into the conduit to start the cycle anew. In the case where there is no surface lava emission or drain back, the cap instead pushes into and spreads out within a subsurface cavity. Again, this unloads the conduit magma and terminates in explosive gas release. Once gas is expelled, lava in the cavity is free to drain back. We hypothesize that pistoning is a stable mode of degassing for low-viscosity basaltic magmas with appropriate conduit geometries and volatile supply rates.
C1 Univ New Hampshire, Dept Earth Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Manoa, HI 96822 USA.
US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA.
RP Johnson, JB (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Earth Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
EM jeff.johnson@unh.edu; harris@higp.hawaii.edu; rhoblitt@usgs.gov
NR 47
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9313
EI 2169-9356
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth
PD NOV 3
PY 2005
VL 110
IS B11
AR B11201
DI 10.1029/2005JB003944
PG 12
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 982MQ
UT WOS:000233163000001
ER
PT J
AU Pool, DR
AF Pool, DR
TI Variations in climate and ephemeral channel recharge in southeastern
Arizona, United States
SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID DESERT VADOSE ZONES; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; EL-NINO; AMERICAN SOUTHWEST;
TUCSON BASIN; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; ENSO; PACIFIC
AB Significant variations in interannual and decadal recharge rates are likely in alluvial basins of the semiarid southwestern United States on the basis of decadal variations in climate and precipitation and correlation of El Nino with high rates of winter precipitation and streamflow. A better understanding of the magnitude of recharge variations in semiarid and arid regions would reduce water budget uncertainty. Variability of ephemeral channel recharge with climate in southeastern Arizona was investigated through analysis of hydrologic monitoring near three ephemeral streams in southeastern Arizona during the middle to late 1990s and by relating the results to long-term hydrologic and climatic trends. The analysis used precipitation, streamflow, water levels in wells, estimates of groundwater storage change from repeat gravity surveys, and two climatic indicators of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Southern Oscillation index, and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Results indicate that variations in winter recharge are related to ENSO. El Nino conditions correspond with a greater probability of high rates of winter precipitation, streamflow, and recharge. La Nina conditions are almost exclusively associated with below-average recharge. Rates of recharge along Rillito Creek near Tucson during 1977-1998, a period of frequent El Nino conditions and positive PDO values, were 3 times recharge rates during 1941-1957, a period dominated by La Nina conditions and low PDO values. Quantification of recharge variability with decadal climate cycles should improve estimates of rates of aquifer drainage and replenishment in the region. Similar methods are applicable to other regions where thick unsaturated zones can accept significant periodic recharge.
C1 US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
RP Pool, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 520 North Pk, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
EM drpool@usgs.gov
NR 43
TC 36
Z9 36
U1 0
U2 16
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0043-1397
J9 WATER RESOUR RES
JI Water Resour. Res.
PD NOV 2
PY 2005
VL 41
IS 11
AR W11403
DI 10.1029/2004WR003255
PG 25
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water
Resources
GA 982NC
UT WOS:000233164200001
ER
PT J
AU Easton, RM
Jones, JO
Lenz, AC
Ferrusquia-Villafranca, I
Mancini, EA
Wardlaw, BR
Edwards, LE
Pratt, MR
AF Easton, RM
Jones, JO
Lenz, AC
Ferrusquia-Villafranca, I
Mancini, EA
Wardlaw, BR
Edwards, LE
Pratt, MR
TI North American commission on stratigraphic nomenclature
SO AAPG BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
C1 Ontario Geol Survey, Precambrian Geosci Sect, Sudbury, ON P3E 6B5, Canada.
Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geol, Mexico City 45100, DF, Mexico.
Univ Alabama, Dept Geol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA.
US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Geol Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada.
RP Easton, RM (reprint author), Ontario Geol Survey, Precambrian Geosci Sect, 933 Ramsey Lake Rd, Sudbury, ON P3E 6B5, Canada.
EM mike.easton@ndm.gov.on.co; adenz@uwa.ca; kresla@prodigy.net.mx;
emancini@wgs.geo.ua.edu; bwardlaw@usgs.gov; leedward@usgs.gov;
brian.pratt@usask.ca
OI Easton, Robert Michael/0000-0001-6550-0004
NR 13
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST
PI TULSA
PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74119-3604 USA
SN 0149-1423
J9 AAPG BULL
JI AAPG Bull.
PD NOV
PY 2005
VL 89
IS 11
BP 1459
EP 1464
DI 10.1306/05230505015
PG 6
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 980QK
UT WOS:000233033000003
ER
PT J
AU Taft, OW
Haig, SM
AF Taft, OW
Haig, SM
TI The value of agricultural wetlands as invertebrate resources for
wintering shorebirds
SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE invertebrate abundance; Dunlin; Killdeer; oligochaetes; wetland
landscape; wintering waterbirds
ID RICE FIELDS; CONSERVATION IMPLICATIONS; WATERBIRD COMMUNITIES; MOVEMENT
PATTERNS; WILLAMETTE-VALLEY; MANAGED WETLANDS; PLAYA WETLANDS;
CALIFORNIA; OREGON; PREDATION
AB Agricultural landscapes have received little recognition for the food resources they provide to wintering waterbirds. In the Willamette Valley of Oregon, modest yet significant populations of wintering shorebirds (Charadriiformes) regularly use hundreds of dispersed wetlands on agricultural lands. Benthic invertebrates are a critical resource for the survival of overwintering shorebirds, yet the abundance of invertebrate resources in agricultural wetlands such as these has not been quantified. To evaluate the importance of agricultural wetlands to a population of wintering shorebirds, the density, biomass, and general community composition of invertebrates available to birds were quantified at a sample of Willamette Valley sites during a wet (1999-2000) and a dry winter (2000-2001). Invertebrate densities ranged among wetlands from 173 to 1925 (mean S.E.: 936 +/- 106) individuals/m(2) in the wet winter, and from 214 to 3484 (1028 +/- 155) individuals/m2 in the dry winter. Total invertebrate estimated biomass among wetlands ranged from 35 to 652 (mean S.E.: 364 +/- 35) mg/m(2) in the wet winter, and from 85 to 1405 (437 +/- 62) mg/m(2) in the dry winter. These estimates for food abundance were comparable to that observed in some other important freshwater wintering regions in North America. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 Oregon State Univ, USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Taft, OW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
EM oriane_taft@usgs.gov
NR 43
TC 20
Z9 26
U1 1
U2 18
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-8809
J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON
JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ.
PD NOV 1
PY 2005
VL 110
IS 3-4
BP 249
EP 256
DI 10.1016/j.agee.2005.04.012
PG 8
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 967OI
UT WOS:000232100300012
ER
PT J
AU Bain, DJ
Brush, GS
AF Bain, DJ
Brush, GS
TI Early chromite mining and agricultural clearance: Opportunities for the
investigation of agricultural sediment dynamics in the Eastern Piedmont
(USA)
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID COON CREEK BASIN; FLOODPLAIN SEDIMENTS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; MINE TAILINGS;
RIVER SYSTEM; LAND-USE; EROSION; SOILS; WISCONSIN; MARYLAND
AB Many flood plains in the Eastern Piedmont (USA) are buried under deposits of sediment resulting from European agricultural clearance. Classic radioisotopic dating techniques cover temporal periods too short (Cs-137, Pb-210) or too long (C-14) to reliably date sediments deposited during periods of local European activity (1660-1900). Moreover, many potential biomarkers, such as pollen, degrade in oxic flood plain sediments. In the Baltimore, Maryland (USA) region, early chromite mining (1820-1880) occurred during periods of rapid agricultural clearance. Use of chromium (Cr) chemostratigraphic profiles in flood plain sediments tied to historical mining activity can provide improved precision in overbank accumulation rates and timing. Sediment cores were collected from the Red Run basin, which is part of the Baltimore Ecosystem Study, an urban Long-Term Ecological Research site. Trace metal chemostratigraphic profiles were measured and peaks in Cr concentration tied to historic mining activity. Dates from Cr chemostratigraphic profiles were combined with Cs-137 dating to reconstruct flood plain sedimentation rates. Red Run early sedimentation rates (1820-1880) were higher (0.45-1.19 cm/yr) than more recent (1880-1963) rates (0.08-0.46 cm/yr). This indicates that Piedmont flood plain vertical sediment accumulation might have peaked before the peak in agricultural clearance, earlier than assumed by regional models. The Cr chemostratigraphy is applicable to a wider region including much of the Maryland and Pennsylvania (USA) Piedmont.
C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
RP Bain, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 420, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM djbain@usgs.gov
RI Brush, Grace S./A-3288-2010; Bain, Daniel/G-3055-2013
OI Brush, Grace S./0000-0003-1280-5933;
NR 65
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE
PI NEW HAVEN
PA YALE UNIV, PO BOX 208109, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA
SN 0002-9599
J9 AM J SCI
JI Am. J. Sci.
PD NOV
PY 2005
VL 305
IS 9
BP 957
EP 981
DI 10.2475/ajs.305.9.957
PG 25
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 024FO
UT WOS:000236181100003
ER
PT J
AU Shahar, A
Bassett, WA
Mao, HK
Chou, IM
Mao, W
AF Shahar, A
Bassett, WA
Mao, HK
Chou, IM
Mao, W
TI The stability and Raman spectra of ikaite, CaCO3 center dot 6H(2)O, at
high pressure and temperature
SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST
LA English
DT Article
ID CALCIUM-CARBONATE HEXAHYDRATE; DIAMOND-ANVIL CELL; SOLUBILITY; MANTLE;
CACO3; PHASE; TUFA
AB Raman analyses of single crystals of ikaite, CaCO3-6H(2)O, synthesized in a diamond-anvil cell at ambient temperature yield spectra from 0.14 to 4.08 GPa; the most intense peaks are at 228 and 1081 cm(-1) corresponding to E-g (external) and A(1g) (internal) modes of vibrations in CO32 ions, respectively. These are in good agreement with Raman spectra previously published for ikaite in powder form at ambient temperature and pressure. Visual observations of a sample consisting initially of a mixture of calcite + water in a hydrothermal diamond-anvil cell yielded a P-T phase diagram up to 2 GPa and 120 degrees C; the boundary for the reaction ikaite <-> aragonite + water has a positive slope and is curved convexly toward the aragonite + water field similar to typical melt curves. This curvature can be explained in terms of the Clapeyron equation for a boundary between a solid phase and a more compressible liquid phase or largely liquid phase assemblage.
C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA.
US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Shahar, A (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
EM ashahar@ess.ucla.edu
RI Mao, Wendy/D-1885-2009;
OI Shahar, Anat/0000-0002-0794-2717
NR 26
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 1
U2 10
PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0003-004X
J9 AM MINERAL
JI Am. Miner.
PD NOV-DEC
PY 2005
VL 90
IS 11-12
BP 1835
EP 1839
DI 10.2138/am.2005.1783
PG 5
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy
GA 986YS
UT WOS:000233486200016
ER
PT J
AU Varanka, D
AF Varanka, D
TI Natural mapping and art: A student's exploratory study with J M Blaut
SO ANTIPODE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Critical Geography
CY JAN, 2005
CL Mexico City, MEXICO
C1 US Geol Survey, Rolla, MO USA.
RP Varanka, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Rolla, MO USA.
EM dvaranka@usgs.gov
OI Varanka, Dalia/0000-0003-2857-9600
NR 35
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0066-4812
J9 ANTIPODE
JI Antipode
PD NOV
PY 2005
VL 37
IS 5
BP 1003
EP 1010
DI 10.1111/j.0066-4812.2005.00548.x
PG 8
WC Geography
SC Geography
GA 982DT
UT WOS:000233138800015
ER
PT J
AU Palandri, JL
Rosenbauer, RJ
Kharaka, YK
AF Palandri, JL
Rosenbauer, RJ
Kharaka, YK
TI Ferric iron in sediments as a novel CO2 mineral trap: CO2-SO2 reaction
with hematite
SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID DEEP SALINE AQUIFERS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SEA-FLOOR; SEQUESTRATION;
DISPOSAL; PRECIPITATION; GASES; 100-DEGREES-C; KINETICS; SIDERITE
AB Thermodynamic simulations of reactions among SO2-bearing Co-2-dominated gas, water and mineral phases predict that Fe-III in sediments should be converted almost entirely to dissolved Fell and siderite (FeCO3), and that SO2 should simultaneously be oxidized to dissolved sulfate. The reactions are however, subject to kinetic constraints which may result in deviation from equilibrium and the precipitation of other metastable mineral phases. To test the prediction, a laboratory experiment was carried out in a well stirred hydrothermal reactor at 150 degrees C and 300 bar with hematite, 1.0 m NaCl, 0.5 m NaOH, SO2 in quantity sufficient to reduce much of the iron, and excess CO2. The experiment produced stable siderite and metastable pyrite and elemental S. Changes in total dissolved Fe are consistent with nucleation of pyrite at similar to 17 h, and nucleation of siderite at similar to 600 h. Dissolution features present on elemental S at the conclusion of the experiment suggest nucleation early in the experiment. The experiment did not reach equilibrium after similar to 1400 h, as indicated by coexistence of hematite with metastable pyrite and elemental sulfur. However, the results confirm that Fe-III can be used to trap CO2 in siderite if partly oxidized S, as SO2, is present to reduce the Fe with CO2 in the gas phase. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Palandri, JL (reprint author), Univ Oregon 1272, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA.
EM palandri@efn.org
NR 27
TC 53
Z9 54
U1 2
U2 18
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0883-2927
J9 APPL GEOCHEM
JI Appl. Geochem.
PD NOV
PY 2005
VL 20
IS 11
BP 2038
EP 2048
DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2005.06.005
PG 11
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 981CU
UT WOS:000233065600004
ER
PT J
AU Farber, E
Vengosh, A
Gavrieli, I
Marie, A
Bullen, TD
Mayer, B
Holtzman, R
Segal, M
Shavit, U
AF Farber, E
Vengosh, A
Gavrieli, I
Marie, A
Bullen, TD
Mayer, B
Holtzman, R
Segal, M
Shavit, U
TI Management scenarios for the Jordan River salinity crisis
SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID DEAD-SEA LEVEL; BASIN; DROP
AB Recent geochemical and hydrological findings show that the water quality of the base flow of the Lower Jordan River, between the Sea of Galilee and the Dead Sea, is dependent upon the ratio between surface water flow and groundwater discharge. Using water quality data, mass-balance calculations, and actual flow-rate measurements, possible management scenarios for the Lower Jordan River and their potential affects on its salinity are investigated. The predicted scenarios reveal that implementation of some elements of the Israel-Jordan peace treaty will have negative effects on the Jordan River water salinity. It is predicted that removal of sewage effluents dumped into the river (similar to 13 MCM/a) will significantly reduce the river water's flow and increase the relative proportion of the saline groundwater flux into the river. Under this scenario, the Cl content of the river at its southern point (Abdalla Bridge) will rise to almost 7000 mg/L during the summer. In contrast, removal of all the saline water (16.5 MCM/a) that is artificially discharged into the Lower Jordan River will significantly reduce its Cl concentration, to levels of 650-2600 and 3000-3500 mg/L in the northern and southern areas of the Lower Jordan River, respectively. However, because the removal of either the sewage effluents or the saline water will decrease the river's discharge to a level that could potentially cause river desiccation during the summer months, other water sources must be allocated to preserve in-stream flow needs and hence the river's ecosystem. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, IL-84106 Beer Sheva, Israel.
Geol Survey Israel, IL-95501 Jerusalem, Israel.
Al Quds Univ, Dept Appl Earth & Environm Sci, Jerusalem, Israel.
US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
Univ Calgary, Dept Geol & Geophys, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel.
RP Vengosh, A (reprint author), Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, POB 653, IL-84106 Beer Sheva, Israel.
EM avnerv@bgu.ac.il
RI Mayer, Bernhard/G-6444-2012; Holtzman, Ran/G-7630-2012
OI Holtzman, Ran/0000-0003-0826-6826
NR 19
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 10
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0883-2927
J9 APPL GEOCHEM
JI Appl. Geochem.
PD NOV
PY 2005
VL 20
IS 11
BP 2138
EP 2153
DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2005.07.007
PG 16
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 981CU
UT WOS:000233065600011
ER
PT J
AU Buckler, DR
Mayer, FL
Ellersieck, MR
Asfaw, A
AF Buckler, DR
Mayer, FL
Ellersieck, MR
Asfaw, A
TI Acute toxicity value extrapolation with fish and aquatic invertebrates
SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID RISK-ASSESSMENT
AB Assessment of risk posed by an environmental contaminant to an aquatic community requires estimation of both its magnitude of occurrence (exposure) and its ability to cause harm (effects). Our ability to estimate effects is often hindered by limited toxicological information. As a result, resource managers and environmental regulators are often faced with the need to extrapolate across taxonomic groups in order to protect the more sensitive members of the aquatic community. The goals of this effort were to 1) compile and organize an extensive body of acute toxicity data, 2) characterize the distribution of toxicant sensitivity across taxa and species, and 3) evaluate the utility of toxicity extrapolation methods based upon sensitivity relations among species and chemicals. Although the analysis encompassed a wide range of toxicants and species, pesticides and freshwater fish and invertebrates were emphasized as a reflection of available data. Although it is obviously desirable to have high-quality acute toxicity values for as many species as possible, the results of this effort allow for better use of available information for predicting the sensitivity of untested species to environmental contaminants. A software program entitled "Ecological Risk Analysis" (ERA) was developed that predicts toxicity values for sensitive members of the aquatic community using species sensitivity distributions. Of several methods evaluated, the ERA program used with minimum data sets comprising acute toxicity values for rainbow trout, bluegill, daphnia, and mysids provided the most satisfactory predictions with the least amount of data. However, if predictions must be made using data for a single species, the most satisfactory results were obtained with extrapolation factors developed for rainbow trout (0.412), bluegill (0.331), or scud (0.041). Although many specific exceptions occur, our results also support the conventional wisdom that invertebrates are generally more sensitive to contaminants than fish are.
C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA.
US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA.
Univ Missouri, Agr Expt Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
RP Buckler, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA.
EM dbuckler@usgs.gov
NR 9
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 8
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0090-4341
J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX
JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
PD NOV
PY 2005
VL 49
IS 4
BP 546
EP 558
DI 10.1007/s00244-004-0151-8
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 978ET
UT WOS:000232857100012
PM 16205993
ER
PT J
AU Morris, JM
Nimick, DA
Farag, AM
Meyer, JS
AF Morris, JM
Nimick, DA
Farag, AM
Meyer, JS
TI Does biofilm contribute to diel cycling of Zn in High Ore Creek,
Montana?
SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE biofilm; diel metal cycling; photosynthesis; zinc
ID SORPTION; WATERS; FATE; ZINC
AB Concentrations of metals cycle daily in the water column of some mining-impacted streams in the Rocky Mountains of the western USA. We hypothesized that biofilm in High Ore Creek, Montana, USA, sorbs and releases Zn on a diel cycle, and this uptake-and-release cycle controls the total and dissolved (0.45-mu m filtered) Zn concentrations. We collected water samples from three sites (upstream, middle and downstream at 0, 350 and 650 m, respectively) along a 650-m reach of High Ore Creek during a 47-h period in August 2002 and from the upstream and downstream sites during a 24-h period in August 2003; we also collected biofilm samples at these sites. In 2002 and 2003, total and dissolved Zn concentrations did not exhibit a diel cycle at the upstream sampling site, which was similar to 30 m downstream from a settling pond through which the creek flows. However, total and dissolved Zn concentrations exhibited a diel cycle at the middle and downstream sampling sites, with the highest Zn concentrations occurring at dawn and the lowest Zn concentrations occurring during late afternoon (> 2-fold range of concentrations at the downstream site). Based on (1) concentrations of Zn in biofilm at the three sites and (2) results of streamside experiments that demonstrated Zn uptake and release by naive biofilm during the light and dark hours of a photocycle, respectively, we conclude that Zn uptake in photosynthetic biofilms could contribute a large percentage to the cycling of Zn concentrations in the water column in High Ore Creek.
C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
US Geol Survey, Helena, MT USA.
US Geol Survey, Jackson, WY USA.
RP Meyer, JS (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
EM meyerj@uwyo.edu
OI Nimick, David/0000-0002-8532-9192
NR 21
TC 29
Z9 31
U1 0
U2 11
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-2563
J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY
JI Biogeochemistry
PD NOV
PY 2005
VL 76
IS 2
BP 233
EP 259
DI 10.1007/s10533-005-4774-2
PG 27
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology
GA 983OQ
UT WOS:000233242400003
ER
PT J
AU Goddard, JHR
Torchin, ME
Kuris, AM
Lafferty, KD
AF Goddard, JHR
Torchin, ME
Kuris, AM
Lafferty, KD
TI Host specificity of Sacculina carcini, a potential biological control
agent of introduced European green crab Carcinus maenas in California
SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE biological control; Carcinus maenas; Hemigrapsus nudus; Hemigrapsus
oregonensis; host response; host specificity; Pachygrapsus crassipes;
Sacculina carcini
ID PARASITIC BARNACLE; MARINE PESTS; LIFE-CYCLE; SHORE CRAB; RHIZOCEPHALA;
CIRRIPEDIA; IMPACTS; THOMPSON; LARVAE; BIOCONTROL
AB The European green crab, Carcinus maenas, is an introduced marine predator established on the west coast of North America. We conducted laboratory experiments on the host specificity of a natural enemy of the green crab, the parasitic barnacle Sacculina carcini, to provide information on the safety of its use as a possible biological control agent. Four species of non-target, native California crabs (Hemigrapsus oregonensis, H. nudus, Pachygrapsus crassipes and Cancer magister) were exposed to infective larvae of S. carcini. Settlement by S. carcini on the four native species ranged from 33 to 53%, compared to 79% for green crabs. Overall, cyprid larvae tended to settle in higher numbers on individual green crabs than on either C. magister or H. oregonensis. However, for C. magister this difference was significant for soft-shelled, but not hard-shelled individuals. Up to 29% of the native crabs arrested early infections by melanizing the rootlets of the parasite. Most native and green crabs settled on by S. carcini became infected, especially when settled on by > 3 cyprids. Infected green crabs died at more than twice the rate of uninfected green crabs. In contrast to green crabs, all infected native crabs died without producing an externa (reproductive sac). At high settlement intensities, infected native crabs frequently exhibited neurological symptoms (twitching, loss of movement) before death. These results indicate that use of S. carcini as a biological control agent could result in the death of native crabs. The magnitude of this effect would be proportional to the density of infected green crabs in the environment and the probability that cyprids would contact native crabs in the wild. Potential benefits of biological control should be assessed in relation to these potential non-target effects.
C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, US Geol Survey, Inst Marine Sci, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
RP Lafferty, KD (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, US Geol Survey, Inst Marine Sci, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
EM lafferty@lifesci.ucsb.edu
RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009
OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593
NR 54
TC 21
Z9 22
U1 21
U2 71
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1387-3547
J9 BIOL INVASIONS
JI Biol. Invasions
PD NOV
PY 2005
VL 7
IS 6
BP 895
EP 912
DI 10.1007/s10530-003-2981-0
PG 18
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 980RI
UT WOS:000233035500002
ER
PT J
AU Schumacher, BD
Parrish, JD
AF Schumacher, BD
Parrish, JD
TI Spatial relationships between an introduced snapper and native
goatfishes on Hawaiian reefs
SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE coral reef fishes; goatfishes (Mullidae); habitat use patterns; Lutjanus
kasmira; spatial competition
ID INVASION RESISTANCE; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; SHELTER SPACE;
COMPETITION; GROWTH; ECOLOGY; SIZE
AB It has been suggested that the introduced blueline snapper (Lutjanus kasmira, Family: Lutjanidae) may adversely affect populations of native fishery species in Hawai'i through competition for spatial or dietary resources, or through predation on young fish. We studied the habitat use patterns of L. kasmira and several native reef fish species using direct observation by SCUBA divers. Habitat use patterns of the yellowtail goatfish (Mulloidichthys vanicolensis, Family: Mullidae) were most similar to those of L. kasmira. Both species were primarily found low in the water column and were closely associated with areas of vertical relief. Individual M. vanicolensis were found higher in the water column when L. kasmira were present, but L. kasmira were not similarly affected by M. vanicolensis. This finding suggests asymmetrical competition for shelter, in which the dominant L. kasmira displaces M. vanicolensis farther into the water column. This displacement from the protection of the reef could increase the vulnerability of M. vanicolensis to predators and fishers.
C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, US Geol Survey, Dept Zool, Hawaii Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
RP Schumacher, BD (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, US Geol Survey, Dept Zool, Hawaii Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
EM schumach@hawaii.edu
NR 34
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 8
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1387-3547
J9 BIOL INVASIONS
JI Biol. Invasions
PD NOV
PY 2005
VL 7
IS 6
BP 925
EP 933
DI 10.1007/s10530-004-2983-6
PG 9
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 980RI
UT WOS:000233035500004
ER
PT J
AU Burger, M
Jackson, LE
Lundquist, EJ
Louie, DT
Miller, RL
Rolston, DE
Scow, KM
AF Burger, M
Jackson, LE
Lundquist, EJ
Louie, DT
Miller, RL
Rolston, DE
Scow, KM
TI Microbial responses and nitrous oxide emissions during wetting and
drying of organically and conventionally managed soil under tomatoes
SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS
LA English
DT Article
DE microbial respiration; carbon dioxide efflux; denitrification; acetylene
block; phospholipid fatty acids
ID FATTY-ACID PROFILES; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; SUBSURFACE BACTERIA; FARMING
SYSTEMS; COMMUNITIES; BIOMASS; CARBON; DENITRIFICATION; DYNAMICS; CYCLE
AB The types and amounts of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) inputs, as well as irrigation management are likely to influence gaseous emissions and microbial ecology of agricultural soil. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) efflux, with and without acetylene inhibition, inorganic N, and microbial biomass C were measured after irrigation or simulated rainfall in two agricultural fields under tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum). The two fields, located in the California Central Valley, had either a history of high organic matter (OM) inputs ("organic" management) or one of low OM and inorganic fertilizer inputs ("conventional" management). In microcosms, where short-term microbial responses to wetting and drying were studied, the highest CO2 efflux took place at about 60% water-filled pore space (WFPS). At this moisture level, phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) indicative of microbial nutrient availability were elevated and a PLFA stress indicator was depressed, suggesting peak microbial activity. The highest N2O efflux in the organically managed soil (0.94 mg N2O-N m(-2) h(-1)) occurred after manure and legume cover crop incorporation, and in the conventionally managed soil (2.12 mg N2O-N m(-2) h(-1)) after inorganic N fertilizer inputs. Elevated N2O emissions occurred at a WFPS > 60% and lasted < 2 days after wetting, probably because the top layer (0-150 mm) of this silt loam soil dried quickly. Therefore, in these cropping systems, irrigation management might control the duration of elevated N2O efflux, even when C and inorganic N availability are high, whereas inorganic N concentrations should be kept low during times when soil moisture cannot be controlled.
C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
Lake Cty Winegrape Commiss, Lakeport, CA 95453 USA.
US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA.
RP Burger, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
EM mburger@ucdavis.edu
RI Jackson, Louise/A-3562-2010
NR 37
TC 56
Z9 59
U1 5
U2 60
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0178-2762
J9 BIOL FERT SOILS
JI Biol. Fertil. Soils
PD NOV
PY 2005
VL 42
IS 2
BP 109
EP 118
DI 10.1007/s00374-005-0007-z
PG 10
WC Soil Science
SC Agriculture
GA 977YZ
UT WOS:000232840700004
ER
PT J
AU Svancara, LK
Brannon, R
Scott, JM
Groves, CR
Noss, RF
Pressey, RL
AF Svancara, LK
Brannon, R
Scott, JM
Groves, CR
Noss, RF
Pressey, RL
TI Policy-driven versus evidence-based conservation: A review of political
targets and biological needs
SO BIOSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE biodiversity; conservation goals; conservation targets; policy; science
ID BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; SELECTION ALGORITHMS; RESERVE SELECTION;
PROTECTED AREAS; UNITED-STATES; SOUTH-AFRICA; POPULATION; HABITAT;
EXTINCTION; LANDSCAPES
AB "How much is enough?" is a question that conservationists, scientists, and policymakers have struggled with for years in conservation planning. To answer this question, and to ensure the long-term protection of biodiversity, many have sought to establish quantitative targets or goals based on the percentage of area in a country or region that is conserved. In recent years, policy-driven targets have frequently been faulted for their lack of biological foundation. lit this manuscript, we reviewed 159 articles reporting or proposing 222 conservation targets and assessed differences between policy-driven and evidence-based approaches. Our findings suggest that the average percentages of area recommended for evidence-based targets were nearly three times as high as those recommended in policy-driven approaches. Implementing a minimalist, policy-driven approach to conservation could result in unanticipated decreases in species numbers and increases in the number of endangered species.
C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
Natl Pk Serv, Upper Columbia Basin Network, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
Univ Idaho, Dept Conservat Social Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA.
Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA.
RP Svancara, LK (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
EM leonab@uidaho.edu
RI Pressey, Bob/C-8370-2013
OI Pressey, Bob/0000-0003-2740-0330
NR 50
TC 119
Z9 121
U1 10
U2 52
PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0006-3568
J9 BIOSCIENCE
JI Bioscience
PD NOV
PY 2005
VL 55
IS 11
BP 989
EP 995
DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0989:PVECAR]2.0.CO;2
PG 7
WC Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
GA 983SR
UT WOS:000233252900013
ER
PT J
AU Casazza, TL
Ross, SW
Necaise, AM
Sulak, KJ
AF Casazza, TL
Ross, SW
Necaise, AM
Sulak, KJ
TI Reproduction and mating behavior of the Atlantic flyingfish, Cheilopogon
melanurus (exocoetidae), off north Carolina
SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID CORYPHAENA-HIPPURUS; UNITED-STATES; GULF COASTS; ABUNDANCE; FISH
AB The reproductive biology of Cheilopogon melanurus (Valenciennes, 1847) was examined off North Carolina during the summers of 1991-1992 and 1999-2003. Specimens were collected using a small mesh neuston net and dip nets. A spawning event, the first observation of mating behavior for this species, was recorded off Cape Fear, North Carolina, on 19 August 2003. It was considered to be a spawning event due to: 1) unusual coloration of both sexes, 2) unusual swimming behavior of both sexes, and 3) ready release of gametes by both sexes upon capture. The spawning event occurred in the presence of small clumps of floating Sargassum, but the fish did not appear to use the algae. Over all collections, female gonadosomatic indices were highest in June and July, but mature females were collected each month (June, July, and August). The overall female to male sex ratio did not vary significantly from 1:1. Number of ova increased with increasing fish size, but the relationship was not strong. Our data indicate a spawning season of at least June through August off North Carolina due to high female gonadosomatic indices, large egg diameters, presence of egg filaments, presence of spent females in July and August, and presence of small juveniles (<= 25 mm) in July and August. This is the first report of single pair spawning for this family; other species reportedly spawn in large aggregations.
C1 Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA.
US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Ctr Aquat Resources Studies, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA.
RP Casazza, TL (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, 5600 Marvin K Moss Lane, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA.
EM casazzat@uncw.edu
NR 35
TC 3
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 6
PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI
PI MIAMI
PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA
SN 0007-4977
J9 B MAR SCI
JI Bull. Mar. Sci.
PD NOV
PY 2005
VL 77
IS 3
BP 363
EP 375
PG 13
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 990LG
UT WOS:000233743900003
ER
PT J
AU Lewicki, JL
Bergfeld, D
Cardellini, C
Chiodini, G
Granieri, D
Varley, N
Werner, C
AF Lewicki, JL
Bergfeld, D
Cardellini, C
Chiodini, G
Granieri, D
Varley, N
Werner, C
TI Comparative soil CO2 flux measurements and geostatistical estimation
methods on Masaya volcano, Nicaragua
SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE carbon dioxide; soil gas; accumulation chamber method; geostatistics;
Masaya volcano; volcano monitoring; emission rates
ID MAMMOTH MOUNTAIN; CARBON-DIOXIDE; EMISSION RATES; TRANSPORT MECHANISMS;
GAS PLUME; CALIFORNIA; SPECTROSCOPY; RELEASE
AB We present a comparative study of soil CO2 flux (F-CO2) measured by five groups (Groups 1-5) at the IAVCEI-CCVG Eighth Workshop on Volcanic Gases on Masaya volcano, Nicaragua. Groups 1-5 measured F-CO2 using the accumulation chamber method at 5-m spacing within a 900 m2supercript stop grid during a morning (AM) period. These measurements were repeated by Groups 1-3 during an afternoon (PM) period. Measured F-CO2 ranged from 218 to 14,719 g m(-2) day(-1). The variability of the five measurements made at each grid point ranged from +/- 5 to 167%. However, the arithmetic means of fluxes measured over the entire grid and associated total CO2 emission rate estimates varied between groups by only +/- 22%. All three groups that made PM measurements reported an 8-19% increase in total emissions over the AM results. Based on a comparison of measurements made during AM and PM times, we argue that this change is due in large part to natural temporal variability of gas flow, rather than to measurement error. In order to estimate the mean and associated CO2 emission rate of one data set and to map the spatial F-CO2 distribution, we compared six geostatistical methods: arithmetic and minimum variance unbiased estimator means of uninterpolated data, and arithmetic means of data interpolated by the multiquadric radial basis function, ordinary kriging, multi-Gaussian kriging, and sequential Gaussian simulation methods. While the total CO2 emission rates estimated using the different techniques only varied by +/- 4.4%, the F-CO2 maps showed important differences. We suggest that the sequential Gaussian simulation method yields the most realistic representation of the spatial distribution of F-CO2, but a variety of geostatistical methods are appropriate to estimate the total CO2 emission rate from a study area, which is a primary goal in volcano monitoring research.
C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Sci Terra, I-06100 Perugia, Italy.
Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Osservatorio Vesuviano, Naples, Italy.
Univ Colima, Fac Ciencias, Colima, Mexico.
Inst Geol & Nucl Sci, Taupo, New Zealand.
RP Lewicki, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM jllewicki@lbl.gov
RI Chiodini, Giovanni/A-2744-2013; Varley, Nick/A-5591-2013; Chiodini,
Giovanni/K-3557-2014; Granieri, Domenico/F-4058-2010; Cardellini,
Carlo/J-8799-2015
OI Varley, Nick/0000-0001-9626-4024; Chiodini,
Giovanni/0000-0002-0628-8055; Granieri, Domenico/0000-0003-2831-723X;
Cardellini, Carlo/0000-0003-4125-3058
NR 35
TC 37
Z9 37
U1 4
U2 10
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0258-8900
J9 B VOLCANOL
JI Bull. Volcanol.
PD NOV
PY 2005
VL 68
IS 1
BP 76
EP 90
DI 10.1007/s00445-005-0423-9
PG 15
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 987DV
UT WOS:000233499500006
ER
PT J
AU Bunnell, DB
Miller, TJ
AF Bunnell, DB
Miller, TJ
TI An individual-based modeling approach to spawning-potential per-recruit
models: an application to blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) in Chesapeake
Bay
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID NATURAL MORTALITY; STOCK ASSESSMENT; GROWTH; SIZE; POPULATIONS;
SURVIVAL; CANNIBALISM; TEMPERATURE; ABUNDANCE; DYNAMICS
AB An individual-based modeling approach to estimate biological reference points for blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus) in Chesapeake Bay offered several advantages over conventional models: (i) known individual variation in size and growth rate could be incorporated, (ii) the underlying discontinuous growth pattern could be simulated, and (iii) the complexity of the fishery, where vulnerability is based on size, shell status (e.g., soft, hard), maturity, and sex could be accommodated. Across a range of natural mortality (M) scenarios (0.375-1.2 center dot year(-1)), we determined the exploitation fraction (mu) and fishing mortality (F) that protected 20% of the spawning potential of an unfished population, the current target. As M increased, mu(20%) and F-20% decreased. Assuming that M = 0.9 center dot year(-1), our models estimated mu(20%) = 0.45, which is greater than field-based estimates of mu in 64% of the years since 1990. Hence, the commercial fishery has likely contributed to the recent population decline in Chesapeake Bay. Comparisons of our results with conventional per-recruit approaches indicated that incorporating the complexity of the fishery was the most important advantage in our individual-based modeling approach.
C1 Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA.
RP Bunnell, DB (reprint author), USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
EM dbunnell@usgs.gov
RI Miller, Thomas/C-2129-2008;
OI Miller, Thomas/0000-0001-8427-1614; Bunnell, David/0000-0003-3521-7747
NR 39
TC 19
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 6
PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA
PI OTTAWA
PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD NOV
PY 2005
VL 62
IS 11
BP 2560
EP 2572
DI 10.1139/F05-153
PG 13
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 991FS
UT WOS:000233798300015
ER
PT J
AU Alvarez, DA
Stackelberg, PE
Petty, JD
Huckins, JN
Furlong, ET
Zaugg, SD
Meyer, MT
AF Alvarez, DA
Stackelberg, PE
Petty, JD
Huckins, JN
Furlong, ET
Zaugg, SD
Meyer, MT
TI Comparison of a novel passive sampler to standard water-column sampling
for organic contaminants associated with wastewater effluents entering a
New Jersey stream
SO CHEMOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
DE POCIS; pharmaceuticals; wastewater; agricultural chemicals; hydrophilic
contaminants
ID SEMIPERMEABLE-MEMBRANE DEVICES; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PHARMACEUTICAL
COMPOUNDS; IN-SITU; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; SURFACE-WATER;
GROUNDWATER
AB Four water samples collected using standard depth and width water-column sampling methodology were compared to an innovative passive, in situ, sampler (the polar organic chemical integrative sampler or POCIS) for the detection of 96 organic wastewater-related contaminants (OWCs) in a stream that receives agricultural, municipal, and industrial wastewaters. Thirty-two OWCs were identified in POCIS extracts whereas 9 24 were identified in individual water-column samples demonstrating the utility of POCIS for identifying contaminants whose occurrence are transient or whose concentrations are below routine analytical detection limits. Overall, 10 OWCs were identified exclusively in the POCIS extracts and only six solely identified in the water-column samples, however, repetitive water samples taken using the standard method during the POCIS deployment period required multiple trips to the sampling site and an increased number of samples to store, process, and analyze. Due to the greater number of OWCs detected in the POCIS extracts as compared to individual water-column samples, the ease of performing a single deployment as compared to collecting and processing multiple water samples, the greater mass of chemical residues sequestered, and the ability to detect chemicals which dissipate quickly, the passive sampling technique offers an efficient and effective alternative for detecting OWCs in our waterways for wastewater contaminants. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 US Geol Survey, CERC, Columbia, MO 65201 USA.
US Geol Survey, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA.
US Geol Survey, BRD Cent Reg Off, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA.
RP Alvarez, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, CERC, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA.
EM dalvarez@usgs.gov
RI Furlong, Edward/C-3999-2011;
OI Furlong, Edward/0000-0002-7305-4603; Meyer, Michael/0000-0001-6006-7985
NR 29
TC 116
Z9 121
U1 6
U2 60
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0045-6535
J9 CHEMOSPHERE
JI Chemosphere
PD NOV
PY 2005
VL 61
IS 5
BP 610
EP 622
DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.03,023
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 980EU
UT WOS:000232997800002
PM 16219498
ER
PT J
AU Work, TM
Rameyer, RA
AF Work, TM
Rameyer, RA
TI Characterizing lesions in corals from American Samoa
SO CORAL REEFS
LA English
DT Article
DE coral; pathology; lesion; fungi; algae; protozoa
ID DISEASE; MORTALITY; GROWTH; AGENT; FORM
AB The study of coral disease has suffered from an absence of systematic approaches that are commonly used to determine causes of diseases in animals. There is a critical need to develop a standardized and portable nomenclature for coral lesions in the field and to incorporate more commonly available biomedical tools in coral disease surveys to determine the potential causes of lesions in corals. We characterized lesions in corals from American Samoa based on gross and microscopic morphology and classified them as discoloration, growth anomalies, or tissue loss. The most common microscopic finding in corals manifesting discoloration was the depletion of zooxanthellae, followed by necrosis, sometimes associated with invasive algae or fungi. The most common microscopic lesion in corals manifesting tissue loss was cell necrosis often associated with algae, fungi, or protozoa. Corals with growth anomaly had microscopic evidence of hyperplasia of gastrovascular canals, followed by necrosis associated with algae or metazoa (polychaete worms). Several species of apparently normal corals also had microscopic changes, including the presence of bacterial aggregates or crustacea in tissues. A single type of gross lesion (e.g., discoloration) could have different microscopic manifestations. This phenomenon underlines the importance of using microscopy to provide a more systematic description of coral lesions and to detect potential pathogens associated with these lesions.
C1 US Geol Survey, Honolulu Field Stn, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA.
RP Work, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Honolulu Field Stn, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 300 Ala Moana Blvd,Room 5-231, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA.
EM thierry_work@usgs.gov
RI Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015
OI Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090
NR 21
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 4
U2 10
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0722-4028
J9 CORAL REEFS
JI Coral Reefs
PD NOV
PY 2005
VL 24
IS 3
BP 384
EP 390
DI 10.1007/s00338-005-0018-0
PG 7
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 992VX
UT WOS:000233913200006
ER
PT J
AU Keeley, JE
Fotheringham, CJ
Baer-Keeley, M
AF Keeley, JE
Fotheringham, CJ
Baer-Keeley, M
TI Factors affecting plant diversity during post-fire recovery and
succession of mediterranean-climate shrublands in California, USA
SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE colonization; core-satellite; dispersal; diversity; growth form;
heterogeneity; meta-populations; residual species; resource availability
ID SPECIES-DIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES; FIRE; MAINTENANCE; ABUNDANCE; RICHNESS;
NICHE; ESTABLISHMENT; COEXISTENCE; HYPOTHESIS
AB Plant community diversity measured as species richness, is typically highest in the early post-fire years in California shrublands. However, this generalization is overly simplistic and the present study demonstrates that diversity is determined by a complex of temporal and spatial effects. Ninety sites distributed across southern California were studied for 5 years after a series of fires. Characteristics of the disturbance event, in this case fire severity, call alter post-fire diversity, both decreasing and increasing diversity, depending on life form. Spatial variability in resource availability is an important factor explaining patterns of diversity, and there is a complex interaction between landscape features and life form. Temporal variability in resource availability affects diversity, and the diversity peak in the immediate post-fire year (or two) appears to be driven by factors different from subsequent diversity peaks. Early post-fire diversity is influenced by life-history specialization, illustrated by species that spend the bulk of their life cycle as a dormant seed bank, which is then triggered to germinate by fire. Resource fluctuations, precipitation in particular, may be associated with subsequent post-fire diversity peaks. These later peaks in diversity comprise a flora that is compositionally different from the immediate post-fire flora, and their presence may be due to mass effects from population expansion of local populations in adjacent burned areas.
C1 Natl Pk Serv, Sequoia Natl Pk, Resources Div, Three Rivers, CA USA.
Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA.
RP Keeley, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Sequoia Natl Pk, 47050 Generals Hwy, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA.
EM jon_keeley@usgs.gov
NR 54
TC 33
Z9 34
U1 1
U2 18
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1366-9516
J9 DIVERS DISTRIB
JI Divers. Distrib.
PD NOV
PY 2005
VL 11
IS 6
BP 525
EP 537
DI 10.1111/j.1366-9516.2005.00200.x
PG 13
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 988BF
UT WOS:000233565700006
ER
PT J
AU Brune, JN
Smith, KD
Zeng, YH
AF Brune, JN
Smith, KD
Zeng, YH
TI Precarious rock evidence for seismic shaking during and prior to the
1992 M-L 5.6 Little Skull Mountain, Nevada, earthquake
SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA
LA English
DT Article
ID BALANCED ROCKS; GROUND-MOTION; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; TECTONIC STRESS;
CONSTRAINTS; WAVE; METHODOLOGY; AFTERSHOCKS; SEQUENCE; STATION
AB The 29 June 1992 Richter local magnitude (M-L) 5.6 Little Skull Mountain earthquake, 20 km southeast of Yucca Mountain, caused rockfalls on steep slopes of Little Skull Mountain, while some semi-precarious rocks remained in place. The observation that ground motion was sufficient to cause rockfalls and yet leave semi-precarious rocks untoppled offers both upper- and lower-bound estimates of the history of ground motion at Little Skull Mountain. A ground-motion synthesis code, used in Yucca Mountain probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA), was applied to assess the spatial distribution of peak ground acceleration around Little Skull Mountain with respect to the surface attenuation and evidence for ground shaking during the earthquake. Instrumental records for the earthquake, rockfalls, remaining precarious rocks, intensity values estimated from damage to local facilities, and scaling of ground motions based on a recent M-L 4.4 Little Skull Mountain aftershock were compared with model predictions. Predicted peak accelerations based on a kappa value of similar to 20 ms (used in the Yucca Mountain PSHA) are too high to be consistent with this evidence of ground shaking. This suggests some ground-motion predictions conducted for the Yucca Mountain PSHA may need to be re-examined, and may be too conservative.
C1 Univ Nevada, Nevade Seismol Lab, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
US Geol Survey, Cent Reg Geol Hazards Team, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Brune, JN (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Nevade Seismol Lab, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
NR 45
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INSTITUTE
PI OAKLAND
PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA
SN 8755-2930
J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA
JI Earthq. Spectra
PD NOV
PY 2005
VL 21
IS 4
BP 967
EP 985
DI 10.1193/1.2103187
PG 19
WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological
SC Engineering
GA 991LX
UT WOS:000233816600003
ER
PT J
AU Celsi, R
Wolfinbarger, M
Wald, D
AF Celsi, R
Wolfinbarger, M
Wald, D
TI The effects of earthquake measurement concepts and magnitude anchoring
on individuals' perceptions of earthquake risk
SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA
LA English
DT Article
ID EXPLORATION
AB The purpose of this research is to explore earthquake risk perceptions in California. Specifically, we examine the risk beliefs, feelings, and experiences of lay, professional, and expert individuals to explore how risk is perceived and how risk perceptions are formed relative to earthquakes. Our results indicate that individuals tend to perceptually underestimate the degree that earthquake (EQ) events may affect them. This occurs in large part because individuals' personal felt experience of EQ events are generally overestimated relative to experienced magnitudes. An important finding is that individuals engage in a process of "cognitive anchoring" of their felt EQ experience towards the reported earthquake magnitude size. The anchoring effect is moderated by the degree that individuals comprehend EQ magnitude measurement and EQ attenuation. Overall, the results of this research provide us with a deeper understanding of EQ risk perceptions, especially as they relate to individuals' understanding of EQ measurement and attenuation concepts.
C1 Calif State Univ Long Beach, Coll Business Adm, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA.
US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA.
RP Celsi, R (reprint author), Calif State Univ Long Beach, Coll Business Adm, 1250 Bellflower Blvd, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA.
OI Wald, David/0000-0002-1454-4514
NR 34
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 5
U2 6
PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INSTITUTE
PI OAKLAND
PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA
SN 8755-2930
J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA
JI Earthq. Spectra
PD NOV
PY 2005
VL 21
IS 4
BP 987
EP 1008
DI 10.1193/1.2099047
PG 22
WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological
SC Engineering
GA 991LX
UT WOS:000233816600004
ER
PT J
AU Holzer, TL
Scawthorn, C
Rojahn, C
AF Holzer, TL
Scawthorn, C
Rojahn, C
TI Coordinating NEHRP post-earthquake investigations - Exercising the plan
SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA
LA English
DT Article
AB Three exercises of The Plan to Coordinate NEHRP Post-Earthquake Investigations were developed and implemented in late 2003 and early 2004 in order to test the Plan itself via realistic scenarios, and for the NEHRP agencies to learn how to coordinate post-earthquake investigations. The exercises were selected to cover a range of seismic activity and consequences, and were based on scenario events: (1) a Hayward Fault M-w 7 event without foreshocks; (2) a New Madrid seismic zone M-w 7 event with foreshocks, and (3) a Puerto Rico Mw 8 subduction event on the Puerto Rican Trench accompanied by a tsunami affecting the eastern seaboard of the United States. Each exercise consisted of a four-hour telephone conference call with a Web-based electronic link and post-exercise evaluations fed back to participants. Evaluation of the exercises found the Plan to be adequate, with implementation of the Plan by the NEHRP agencies improving with each exercise. Based on the exercises, recommendations were provided that a Plan coordinator should be designated within USGS, an annual exercise of the Plan should be conducted in different regions of the United States, a permanent NEHRP electronic link should be created, and coordination of post-earthquake data collection, preservation, archiving, and dissemination should be greatly improved.
C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
Kyoto Univ, Dept Urban Management, Kyoto 6068501, Japan.
Scawthorn Porter Assoc, Berkeley, CA 94708 USA.
Appl Technol Council, Redwood City, CA USA.
RP Holzer, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INSTITUTE
PI OAKLAND
PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA
SN 8755-2930
J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA
JI Earthq. Spectra
PD NOV
PY 2005
VL 21
IS 4
BP 1043
EP 1062
DI 10.1193/1.2087707
PG 20
WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological
SC Engineering
GA 991LX
UT WOS:000233816600007
ER
PT J
AU Belnap, J
Phillips, SL
Sherrod, SK
Moldenke, A
AF Belnap, J
Phillips, SL
Sherrod, SK
Moldenke, A
TI Soil biota can change after exotic plant invasion: does this affect
ecosystem processes?
SO ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE decomposition; desert grassland; ecological legacy; microarthropods;
nitrogen; nutrient cycles; phosphorus; rangeland
ID MACROARTHROPOD COMMUNITIES; HABITAT RELATIONSHIPS; DIVERSITY;
BIODIVERSITY; NITROGEN; LITTER; COMPETITION; SUCCESSION; VEGETATION;
GRASSLAND
AB Invasion of the exotic annual grass Bromus tectorum into stands of the native perennial grass Hilaria jamesii significantly reduced the abundance of soil biota, especially microarthropods and nematodes. Effects of invasion on active and total bacterial and fungal biomass were variable, although populations generally increased after 50+ years of invasion. The invasion of Bromus also resulted in a decrease in richness and a species shift in plants, microarthropods, fungi, and nematodes. However, despite the depauperate soil fauna at the invaded sites, no effects were seen on cellulose decomposition rates, nitrogen mineralization rates, or vascular plant growth. When Hilaria was planted into soils from riot-invaded, recently invaded, and historically invaded sites (all currently or once dominated by Hilaria), germination and survivorship were not affected. In contrast, aboveground Hilaria biomass was significantly. greater in recently invaded soils than in the other two soils. We attributed the Hilaria response to differences in soil nutrients present before the invasion, especially soil nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, as these nutrients were elevated in the soils that produced the greatest Hilaria biomass. Our data suggest that it is not soil biotic richness per se that determines soil process rates or plant productivity, but instead that either (1) the presence of a few critical soil food web taxa can keep ecosystem function high, (2) nutrient loss is very slow in this ecosystem, and/or (3) these processes are microbially driven. However, the presence of Bromus may reduce key soil nutrients over time and thus may eventually suppress native plant success.
C1 USGS Canyonlands Field Stn, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA.
Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
Univ Denver, Dept Biol Sci, Denver, CO 80210 USA.
Oregon State Univ, Dept Entomol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Belnap, J (reprint author), USGS Canyonlands Field Stn, SW Biol Sci Ctr, 2290 S Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA.
EM Jayne_Belnap@usgs.gov
NR 36
TC 78
Z9 83
U1 8
U2 81
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA
SN 0012-9658
J9 ECOLOGY
JI Ecology
PD NOV
PY 2005
VL 86
IS 11
BP 3007
EP 3017
DI 10.1890/05-0333
PG 11
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 986AB
UT WOS:000233419600017
ER
PT J
AU Campbell, NR
Barton, PB
AF Campbell, NR
Barton, PB
TI Environment of ore deposition in the Creede mining district, San Juan
mountains, Colorado: Part VI. Maximum duration for mineralization of the
OH vein
SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID AR-40/AR-39 GEOCHRONOLOGY; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM; THERMAL HISTORY; MAGMA
SYSTEM; SPHALERITE; FLUID; MINERALOGY; INCLUSION; GEYSERS; ISOTOPE
AB The rate at which ore deposits form is one of the least well established parameters in all of economic geology However, increased detail in sampling, improved technology of dating, and sophistication in modeling are reducing the uncertainties and establishing that ore formation, at least for the porphyry copper-skarn-epithermal base and precious metals deposit package, may take place in surprisingly brief intervals. This contribution applies another approach to examine the duration of mineralization.
The degree to which compositional gradients within single crystals has flattened through solid-state diffusion offers a measure of the thermal dose (that is temperature combined with time) that the crystals have been subjected to since deposition. Here we examine the steepness of gradients in iron content within individual single sphalerite crystals from the epithermal silver-lead-zinc deposit in the OH vein at Creede, Colorado. Two initial textures are considered: growth-banded crystals and compositionally contrasting overgrowths that succeed crosscutting dissolution or fractured surfaces. The model used estimates the maximum possible time by assuming a perfectly sharp original compositional step, and it asks how long it would take at a known temperature for the gradient measured today to have formed. Applying the experimentally determined diffusion rates of Mizuta (1988a) to compositional gradients (ranging from 0.4-2.2 mol % FeS/mu m) measured by the electron microprobe in 2-mu m steps on banded sphalerite formed early in the paragenetic history yields a maximum duration of less than similar to 10,000 yr. Sphalerite from a solution unconformity in a position midway through the paragenetic sequence is indistinguishable from instantaneous deposition, supporting the conclusion of rapid ore formation. While this formation interval seems very brief, it is consistent with less well constrained estimates using entirely different criteria.
C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Barton, PB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
EM pbarton@usgs.gov
NR 68
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 7
PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC
PI LITTLETON
PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA
SN 0361-0128
J9 ECON GEOL
JI Econ. Geol.
PD NOV
PY 2005
VL 100
IS 7
BP 1313
EP 1324
PG 12
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 020QR
UT WOS:000235925500002
ER
PT J
AU Circone, S
Kirby, SH
Stern, LA
AF Circone, S
Kirby, SH
Stern, LA
TI Thermal regulation of methane hydrate dissociation: Implications for gas
production models
SO ENERGY & FUELS
LA English
DT Article
ID PRESERVATION; PRESSURE; WATER
AB Thermal self-regulation of methane hydrate dissociation at pressure, temperature conditions along phase boundaries, illustrated by experiment in this report, is a significant effect with potential relevance to gas production from gas hydrate. In surroundings maintained at temperatures above the ice melting point, the temperature in the vicinity of dissociating methane hydrate will decrease because heat flow is insufficient to balance the heat absorbed by the endothermic reaction: CH(4)(.)nH(2)O (s) = CH(4) (g) + nH(2)O (1). Temperature decreases until either all of the hydrate dissociates or a phase boundary is reached. At pressures above the quadruple point, the temperature-limiting phase boundary is that of the dissociation reaction itself. At lower pressures, the minimum temperature is limited by the H(2)O solid/liquid boundary. This change in the temperature-limiting phase boundary constrains the pressure, temperature conditions of the quadruple point for the CH(4)-H(2)O system to 2.55 +/- 0.02 MPa and 272.85 +/- 0.03 K. At pressures below the quadruple point, hydrate dissociation proceeds as the liquid H(2)O produced by dissociation freezes. In the laboratory experiments, dissociation is not impeded by the formation of ice byproduct per se; instead rates are proportional to the heat flow from the surroundings. This is in contrast to the extremely slow dissociation rates observed when surrounding temperatures are below the H(2)O solid/liquid boundary, where no liquid water is present. This "anomalous" or "self" preservation behavior, most pronounced near 268 K, cannot be accessed when surrounding temperatures are above the H(2)O solid/liquid boundary.
C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Stern, LA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM lstern@usgs.gov
NR 19
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 8
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0887-0624
J9 ENERG FUEL
JI Energy Fuels
PD NOV-DEC
PY 2005
VL 19
IS 6
BP 2357
EP 2363
DI 10.1021/ef0500437
PG 7
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA 985ZW
UT WOS:000233419100020
ER
PT J
AU Gadomski, DM
Parsley, MJ
AF Gadomski, DM
Parsley, MJ
TI Vulnerability of young white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus, to
predation in the presence of alternative prey
SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES
LA English
DT Article
DE northern pikeminnow; prickly sculpins; larvae; juveniles; cover;
recruitment
ID SQUAWFISH PTYCHOCHEILUS-OREGONENSIS; BLUEGILL LEPOMIS-MACROCHIRUS;
JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; NORTHERN SQUAWFISH; COLUMBIA RIVER; YELLOW
PERCH; BEHAVIOR; SIZE; MORPHOLOGY; TURBIDITY
AB We conducted laboratory trials to test the vulnerability of young white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus, to predation when an alternative prey was available. In trials with two species of predators, we observed two feeding patterns. When equal numbers of white sturgeon and goldfish, Carassius auratus, were available, prickly sculpins, Cottus asper, ingested more white sturgeon. Conversely, northern pikeminnow, Ptychocheilus oregonensis, ate more juvenile coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, than white sturgeon in three out of four sets of trials, but ate more white sturgeon in one set of trials. White sturgeon size and the availability of cover did not affect the proportions of prey species ingested. Our results indicate that predation may be affecting survival of white sturgeon larvae and juveniles in the wild and could be one factor limiting recruitment of young-of-the-year white sturgeon in some locations.
C1 US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA.
RP Gadomski, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook Underwood Rd,5501A, Cook, WA 98605 USA.
EM dena_gadomski@usgs.gov
NR 34
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 18
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0378-1909
J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH
JI Environ. Biol. Fishes
PD NOV
PY 2005
VL 74
IS 3-4
BP 389
EP 396
DI 10.1007/s10641-005-3038-2
PG 8
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 990GW
UT WOS:000233732200014
ER
PT J
AU Renken, RA
Cunningham, KJ
Zygnerski, MR
Wacker, MA
Shapiro, AM
Harvey, RW
Metge, DW
Osborn, CL
Ryan, JN
AF Renken, RA
Cunningham, KJ
Zygnerski, MR
Wacker, MA
Shapiro, AM
Harvey, RW
Metge, DW
Osborn, CL
Ryan, JN
TI Assessing the vulnerability of a municipal well field to contamination
in a karst aquifer
SO ENVIRONMENTAL & ENGINEERING GEOSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE karst aquifers; ground-water tracers; pathogens; well field protection
ID DISCRETE FRACTURE NETWORK; TRANSPORT MODEL; CALIBRATION; VALIDATION;
ROCK; FLOW
AB Proposed expansion of extractive lime-rock mines near the Miami-Dade County Northwest well field and Everglades wetland areas has garnered intense scrutiny by government, public, environmental stakeholders, and the media because of concern that mining will increase the risk of pathogen contamination. Rock mines are excavated to the same depth as the well field's primary producing zone. The underlying karst Biscayne aquifer is a triple-porosity system characterized by (1) a matrix of interparticle porosity and separate vug porosity; (2) touching-vug porosity that forms preferred, stratiform passageways; and, less commonly, (3) conduit porosity formed by thin solution pipes, bedding-plane vugs, and cavernous vugs. Existing ground-water flow and particle tracking models do not provide adequate information regarding the ability of the aquifer to limit the advective movement of pathogens and other contaminants. Chemical transport and colloidal mobility properties have been delineated using conservative and microsphere-surrogate tracers for Cryptosporidium parvum. Forced-gradient tests were executed by introducing conservative tracers into injection wells located 100 m (328 ft) from a municipal-supply well. Apparent mean advective velocity between the wells is one to two orders of magnitude greater than previously measured. Touching-vug, stratiform flow zones are efficient pathways for tracer movement at the well field. The effective porosity for a continuum model between the point of injection and tracer recovery ranges from 2 to 4 percent and is an order of magnitude smaller than previously assumed. Existing well-field protection zones were established using porosity estimates based on specific yield. The effective, or kinematic, porosity of a Biscayne aquifer continuum model is lower than the total porosity, because high velocities occur along preferential flow paths that result in faster times of travel than can be represented with the ground-water flow equation. Tracer tests indicate that the relative ease of contaminant movement to municipal supply wells is much greater than previously considered.
C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33315 USA.
US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Renken, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3110 SW 9th Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33315 USA.
RI Ryan, Joseph/H-7025-2012; Harvey, Ronald/C-5783-2013;
OI Harvey, Ronald/0000-0002-2791-8503; Cunningham,
Kevin/0000-0002-2179-8686
NR 56
TC 20
Z9 21
U1 1
U2 9
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 1078-7275
J9 ENVIRON ENG GEOSCI
JI Environ. Eng. Geosci.
PD NOV
PY 2005
VL 11
IS 4
BP 319
EP 331
DI 10.2113/11.4.319
PG 13
WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Geosciences,
Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Geology
GA 990CR
UT WOS:000233721300005
ER
PT J
AU Katz, B
Copeland, R
Greenhalgh, T
Ceryak, R
Zwanka, W
AF Katz, B
Copeland, R
Greenhalgh, T
Ceryak, R
Zwanka, W
TI Using multiple chemical indicators to assess sources of nitrate and age
of groundwater in a karstic spring basin
SO ENVIRONMENTAL & ENGINEERING GEOSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE groundwater hydrology; geochemistry; springs; nitrate; herbicides
ID OZARK PLATEAUS PROVINCE; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; WATER-FLOW; CONTAMINATION;
AQUIFER; TRACERS; HE-3; USA; ARKANSAS; OKLAHOMA
AB Human health and ecological concerns have arisen due to a steady increase in nitrate-N concentrations during the past 40 years in Fannin Springs (0.3-4.7 mg/L), a regional discharge point with an average flow of >2.8 m(3)/second (>100 ft(3)/second) for water from the karstic Upper Floridan aquifer (UFA). Multiple chemical indicators (major dissolved species, N-15 and O-18 of nitrate, dissolved gases, 78 pesticides and degradates, and 67 organic compounds typically found in domestic and industrial waste-water) and transient tracers (H-3/He-3, chlorofluorocarbons [CFCs], sulfur hexafluoride [SF6]) were analyzed in water samples from nine wells along three transects and in spring water to assess groundwater age and potential contaminant sources. Land use is predominantly agricultural (52 percent) and forest (31 percent) in the 320 kM(2) (124 mi(2)) spring basin, which was delineated from a potentiometric-surface map of the UFA using high-resolution water-level data. Nitrate-N concentrations were highly variable in the oxic UFA and ranged from <0.02 to 4.7 mg/L. delta(15)N-NO3 values (3.4-9.9 per mil) indicated that nitrate contamination originated from inorganic sources (synthetic fertilizer) and organic sources (manure spreading or waste disposal). Higher nitrate concentrations and the younger age of spring water relative to water from upgradient wells indicate better communication with N sources at the surface. Apparent ages of groundwater correlated positively with well depth (P < 0.05) and were younger in water from wells nearer to the spring (<8 years) compared with other wells (10-50 years). Most transient tracer concentrations were consistent with binary mixing curves representing mixtures of water recharged during the past 10 years and older water (recharged before 1940). Young water mixing fractions ranged from 0.07 to 0.90. Trace levels of herbicides found in groundwater and spring water were indicative of applications for vegetative control in agricultural and other land-use types.
C1 US Geol Survey, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA.
Florida Geol Survey, Tallahassee, FL 32304 USA.
Suwannee River Water Management Dist, Live Oak, FL 32060 USA.
RP Katz, B (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2010 Levy Ave, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA.
NR 60
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 7
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 1078-7275
J9 ENVIRON ENG GEOSCI
JI Environ. Eng. Geosci.
PD NOV
PY 2005
VL 11
IS 4
BP 333
EP 346
DI 10.2113/11.4.333
PG 14
WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Geosciences,
Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Geology
GA 990CR
UT WOS:000233721300006
ER
EF