FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Mixson, TR Ginsberg, HS Campbell, SR Sumner, JW Paddock, CD AF Mixson, TR Ginsberg, HS Campbell, SR Sumner, JW Paddock, CD TI Detection of Ehrlichia chaffeensis in adult and nymphal Amblyomma americanum (Acari : Ixodidae) ticks from Long Island, New York SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE E. chaffeensis; A. americanum; prevalence; Long Island ID MOUNTAIN-SPOTTED-FEVER; LENGTH PCR TARGET; WHITE-TAILED DEER; LYME-DISEASE; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; UNITED-STATES; FIRE ISLAND; HARD-TICK; POPULATION; HUMANS AB The lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (L.), has increased in abundance in several regions of the northeastern United States, including areas of Long Island, NY. Adult and nymphal stage A. americanum collected from several sites on Long Island were evaluated for infection with Ehrlichia chaffeensis, the causative agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME), by using a nested polymerase chain reaction assay. Fifty-nine (12.5%) of 473 adults and eight of 113 pools of five nymphs each (estimated minimum prevalence of infection 1.4%) contained DNA of E. chaffeemis. These data, coupled with the documented expansion of lone star tick populations in the northeastern United States, confirm that E. chaffeea is is endemic to many areas of Long Island and that HME should be considered among the differential diagnoses of the many distinct tick-borne diseases that occur in this region. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Program Populat Biol Ecol & Evolut, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, US Geol Survey, S Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. Suffolk Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Arthropod Borne Dis Lab, Yaphank, NY 11980 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Act, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mixson, TR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1104 EP 1110 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-41.6.1104 PG 7 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 873JB UT WOS:000225274700014 PM 15605650 ER PT J AU Miller, JS Wooden, JL AF Miller, JS Wooden, JL TI Residence, resorption and recycling of zircons in Devils Kitchen rhyolite, Coso Volcanic field, California SO JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY LA English DT Article DE zircon geochronology; residence time; rhyolite; ion microprobe; California ID HIGH-SILICA RHYOLITES; U-PB ZIRCON; INYO-COUNTY; ION MICROPROBE; TIME SCALES; COMPOSITIONAL ZONATION; YELLOWSTONE CALDERA; MAGMATIC PROCESSES; RANGE; AGES AB Zircons from the Devils Kitchen rhyolite in the Pleistocene Coso Volcanic field, California have been analyzed by in situ Pb/U ion microprobe (SHRIMP-RG) and by detailed cathodoluminescence imaging. The zircons yield common-Pb-corrected and disequilibrium-corrected Pb-206/U-238 ages that predate a previously reported K-Ar sanidine age by up to 200 kyr, and the range of ages exhibited by the zircons is also approximately 200 kyr. Cathodoluminescence imaging indicates that zircons formed in contrasting environments. Most zircons are euhedral, and a majority of the zircons are weakly zoned, but many also have anhedral, embayed cores, with euhedral overgrowths and multiple internal surfaces that are truncated by later crystal zones. Concentrations of U and Th vary by two orders of magnitude within the zircon population, and by 10-20 times between zones within some zircon crystals, indicating that zircons were transferred between contrasting chemical environments. A zircon saturation temperature of similar to750degreesC overlaps within error a previously reported phenocryst equilibration temperature of 740 +/- 25degreesC. Textures in zircons indicative of repeated dissolution and subsequent regrowth are probably caused by punctuated heating by mafic magma input into rhyolite. The overall span of ages and large variation in U and Th concentrations, combined with calculated zircon saturation temperatures and resorption times, are most compatible with crystallization in magma bodies that were emplaced piecemeal in the crust at Coso over 200 kyr prior to eruption, and that were periodically rejuvenated or melted by subsequent basaltic injections. C1 San Jose State Univ, Dept Geol, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. Stanford Univ, US Geol Survey, Stanford USGS Microanalyt Ctr, Sch Earth Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Miller, JS (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, Dept Geol, 1 Washington Sq, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. EM jsmiller@email.sjsu.edu NR 52 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-3530 J9 J PETROL JI J. Petrol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 45 IS 11 BP 2155 EP 2170 DI 10.1093/petrology/egh051 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 862HZ UT WOS:000224482900002 ER PT J AU Izbekov, PE Eichelberger, JC Ivanov, BV AF Izbekov, PE Eichelberger, JC Ivanov, BV TI The 1996 eruption of Karymsky volcano, Kamchatka: Historical record of basaltic replenishment of an andesite reservoir SO JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Karymsky; Kamchatka; magma mixing; andesite; volcanic glass; plagioclase ID REDOUBT VOLCANO; MAGMA CHAMBERS; MAFIC MAGMA; PLAGIOCLASE; DACITE; CRYSTALLIZATION; ENTRAINMENT; CONSTRAINTS; EVOLUTION; GLASSES AB The simultaneous eruption in 1996 of andesite from Karymsky volcano and of basalt from the Academy Nauk vent 6 km away appears to provide a case of mafic recharge of an andesite reservoir for which the time of recharge is exactly known and direct samples of the recharging magma are available. The explosive phreato-magmatic eruption of basalt was terminated in less than 24 h, whereas andesite erupted continuously during the following 4 years. Detailed petrological study of volcanic ash, bombs and lavas of Karymsky andesite erupted during the period 1996-1999 provides evidence for basaltic replenishment at the beginning of the eruptive cycle, as well as a record of compositional variations within the Karymsky magma reservoir induced by basaltic recharge. Shortly after the beginning of the eruption the composition of the matrix glass of the Karymsky tephra became more mafic and then, within 2 months, gradually returned to its original state and remained almost constant for the following 3 years. Further evidence for basaltic replenishment is provided by the presence of xenocrysts of basaltic origin in the andesite of Karymsky. A conspicuous portion of the plagioclase phenocrysts in the Karymsky andesite has calcic cores, with compositions and textures resembling those of plagioclases in the Academy Nauk basalt. Similarly, the earlier portion of the andesite of the eruption sequence contains rare olivines, which occur as resorbed cores in pyroxenes. The composition of the olivine matches that of olivines in the Academy Nauk basalt. The sequence of events appears to be: (1) injection of basaltic magma into the Karymsky chamber with immediate, compensating expulsion of pre-existing chamber magma from the Karymsky central vent; (2) direct mixing of basaltic and andesitic magmas with dispersal of phenocrysts associated with the basalt throughout the andesite so that newly mixed magma appeared at the vent within 2 months; (3) re-establishment of thermal and chemical equilibrium within the reservoir involving crystallization in the new hybrid liquid, which returned the melt composition to 'normal', formed rims on inherited calcic plagioclase, and caused the resorption of dispersed olivine xenocrysts. Taken together, these findings indicate that the Karymsky magma reservoir was recharged by basalt at the onset of the 1996 eruptive cycle. The rapidity and thoroughness of mixing of the basalt with the pre-existing andesite probably reflects the modest contrast in temperature, viscosity, and density between the two magmas. C1 Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Inst Volcan Geol & Geochem, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683006, Russia. RP Izbekov, PE (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM pavel@gi.alaska.edu RI Izbekov, Pavel/B-5110-2010; Eichelberger, John/H-6199-2016 NR 48 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-3530 J9 J PETROL JI J. Petrol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 45 IS 11 BP 2325 EP 2345 DI 10.1093/petrology/egh059 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 862HZ UT WOS:000224482900009 ER PT J AU Barger, NN Ojima, DS Belnap, J Wang, SP Wang, YF Chen, ZZ AF Barger, NN Ojima, DS Belnap, J Wang, SP Wang, YF Chen, ZZ TI Changes in plant functional groups, litter quality, and soil carbon and nitrogen mineralization with sheep grazing in an Inner Mongolian Grassland SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Stipa grandis; Artemisia frigida; typical steppe ID TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; MIXED PRAIRIE; LIVESTOCK; TURNOVER; STEPPE AB This study reports on changes in plant functional group composition, litter quality, and soil C and N mineralization dynamics from a 9-year sheep grazing study in Inner Mongolia. Addressed are these questions: 1) How does increasing grazing intensity affect plant community composition? 2) How does increasing grazing intensity alter soil C and N mineralization dynamics? 3) Do changes in soil C and N mineralization dynamics relate to changes in plant community composition via inputs of the quality or quantity of litter? Grazing plots were set up near the Inner Mongolia Grassland Ecosystem Research Station (IMGERS) with 5 grazing intensities: 1.3, 2.71 4.0, 5.3, and 6.7 sheep ha(-1.)yr(-1). Plant cover was lower with increasing grazing intensity, which was primarily due to a dramatic decline in grasses, Carex duriuscula, and Artemisia frigida. Changes in litter mass and percentage organic C resulted in lower total C in the litter layer at 4.0 and 5.3 sheep ha(-1.)yr(-1) compared with 2.7 sheep ha(-1.)yr(-1). Total litter N was lower at 5.3 sheep ha(-1.)yr(-1) compared with 2.7 sheep ha(-1.)yr(-1). Litter C:N ratios, an index of litter quality, were significantly lower at 4.0 sheep ha(-1.)yr(-1) relative to 1.3 and 5.3 sheep ha(-1.)yr(-1). Cumulative C mineralized after 16 days decreased with increasing grazing intensity. In contrast, net N mineralization (NH4+ NO3-) after a 12-day incubation increased with increasing grazing intensity. Changes in C and N mineralization resulted in a narrowing Of CO2-C:net N-min ratios with increasing grazing intensity. Grazing explained 31% of the variability in the ratio Of CO2-C:net N-min. The ratio of CO2-C:net N-min was positively correlated with litter mass. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between litter mass and A. frigida cover. Results suggest that as grazing intensity increases, microbes become more C limited resulting in decreased microbial growth and demand for N. C1 Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Moab, UT 84532 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. RP Barger, NN (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM nichole.barger@colorado.edu RI Wang, Yanfen/C-6889-2013; Ojima, Dennis/C-5272-2016 NR 26 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 8 U2 34 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 57 IS 6 BP 613 EP 619 DI 10.2307/4004017 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 875IN UT WOS:000225413800007 ER PT J AU Puleo, JA Mouraenko, O Hanes, DM AF Puleo, JA Mouraenko, O Hanes, DM TI One-dimensional wave bottom boundary layer model comparison: Specific eddy viscosity and turbulence closure models SO JOURNAL OF WATERWAY PORT COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB Six one-dimensional-vertical wave bottom boundary layer models are analyzed based on different methods for estimating the turbulent eddy viscosity: Laminar, linear, parabolic, k-one equation turbulence closure, k-epsilon-two equation turbulence closure, and k-omega-two equation turbulence closure. Resultant velocity profiles, bed shear stresses, and turbulent kinetic energy are compared to laboratory data of oscillatory flow over smooth and rough beds. Bed shear stress estimates for the smooth bed case were most closely predicted by the k-omega model. Normalized errors between model predictions and measurements of velocity profiles over the entire computational domain collected at 15degrees intervals for one-half a wave cycle show that overall the linear model was most accurate. The least accurate were the laminar and k-epsilon models. Normalized errors between model predictions and turbulence kinetic energy profiles showed that the k-w model was most accurate. Based on these findings, when the smallest overall velocity profile prediction error is required, the processing requirements and error analysis suggest that the linear eddy viscosity model is adequate. However, if accurate estimates of bed shear stress and TKE are required then, of the models tested, the k-w model should be used. C1 Univ Delaware, Ctr Appl Coastal Res, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ Florida, Civil & Coastal Engn Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USGS, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Puleo, JA (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Ctr Appl Coastal Res, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM jpuleo@coastal.udel.edu; moleg@coastal.ufl.edu; dhanes@usgs.gov NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 7 U2 9 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-950X J9 J WATERW PORT C-ASCE JI J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Eng.-ASCE PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 130 IS 6 BP 322 EP 325 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(2004)130:6(322) PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 867JF UT WOS:000224838200005 ER PT J AU Piniak, GA Lipschultz, F AF Piniak, GA Lipschultz, F TI Effects of nutritional history on nitrogen assimilation in congeneric temperate and tropical scleractinian corals SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANEMONE AIPTASIA-PALLIDA; SYMBIOTIC SEA-ANEMONE; STYLOPHORA-PISTILLATA; REEF CORALS; ZOOXANTHELLATE CORAL; ANTHOPLEURA-ELEGANTISSIMA; POPULATION-DENSITY; FEEDING FREQUENCY; SKELETAL GROWTH; ASTRANGIA-DANAE AB The nutritional history of corals is known to affect metabolic processes such as inorganic nutrient uptake and photosynthesis, but little is known about how it affects assimilation efficiency of ingested prey items or the partitioning of prey nitrogen between the host and symbiont. The temperate scleractinian coral Oculina arbuscula and its tropical congener Oculina diffusa were acclimated to three nutritional regimes ( fed twice weekly, starved, starved with an inorganic nutrient supplement), then fed Artemia nauplii labeled with the stable isotope tracer N-15. Fed corals of both species had the lowest assimilation efficiencies (36 - 51% for O. arbuscula, 38 - 57% for O. diffusa), but were not statistically different from the other nutritional regimes. Fed and starved corals also had similar NH4+ excretion rates. This is inconsistent with decreased nitrogen excretion and reduced amino acid catabolism predicted by both the nitrogen recycling and conservation paradigms. In coral host tissue, similar to 90% of the ingested N-15 was in the TCA-insoluble ( protein and nucleic acids) and ethanol-soluble ( amino acids/low molecular weight compounds) within 4 h of feeding. The TCA-insoluble pool was also the dominant repository of the label in zooxanthellae of both species ( 40 - 53% in O. arbuscula, 50 - 60% in O. diffusa). However, nutritional history had no effect on the distribution of prey N-15 within the biochemical pools of the host or the zooxanthellae for either species. This result is consistent with the nitrogen conservation hypothesis, as preferential carbon metabolism would minimize the effects of starvation on nitrogen-containing biochemical pools. C1 Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. Bermuda Biol Stn Res, St Georges, Bermuda. RP Piniak, GA (reprint author), USGS Pacific Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM gpiniak@usgs.gov NR 68 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 145 IS 6 BP 1085 EP 1096 DI 10.1007/s00227-004-1410-y PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 868BT UT WOS:000224888100003 ER PT J AU Vann, CD Cronin, TM Dwyer, GS AF Vann, CD Cronin, TM Dwyer, GS TI Population ecology and shell chemistry of a phytal ostracode species (Loxoconcha matagordensis) in the Chesapeake Bay watershed SO MARINE MICROPALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ostracoda; paleoclimatology; ecology; minor elements; holocene; seagrass ID LATE QUATERNARY; TEMPERATURE; CRUSTACEA; CALCIFICATION; PALEOSALINITY; VARIABILITY; LAKE AB Population ecology and shell chemistry were studied in the phytal ostracode Loxoconcha matagordensis (Swain 1955) collected from Zostera marina seagrass beds in the Chesapeake Bay to provide seasonal constraints on shell secretion time for paleothermometry. Population density and age structure were defined by two main breeding cycles that occurred between 01 to 15 June and 02 to 16 August 2001. The time interval between breeding cycles was similar to2 months and total juvenile standing crop increased almost three-fold between the first and second breeding cycles. Dark brown over-wintered adults comprised the majority of the population between March and April 2001, while newly secreted translucent adults were predominant between June and September. Seasonal shell Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios were positively correlated with water temperature at both sites, with the strongest correlations occurring between June and September from newly secreted shells at Dameron Marsh. Old, dark brown shells contained 10% to 23% and 1% to 6% less Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca, respectively, than new shells. Because a fossil assemblage of L. matagordensis will contain similar to30% old shells (dark-brown), these results suggest that fossil Mg/Ca ratios yield an integrated late spring to summer temperature signal. Shell Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios of specimens of L. matagordensis collected from living Zostera were positively correlated, suggesting that temperature may influence both elemental ratios. Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios of fossil shells of the related species Loxoconcha sp. A obtained from four sediment cores were also studied and exhibited a weaker correlation between the two elemental ratios. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Dept Interior, US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Duke Univ, Div Earth & Ocean Sci, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Cronin, TM (reprint author), Dept Interior, US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM tcronin@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8398 EI 1872-6186 J9 MAR MICROPALEONTOL JI Mar. Micropaleontol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 53 IS 3-4 BP 261 EP 277 DI 10.1016/j.marmicro.2004.06.003 PG 17 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 884SV UT WOS:000226107400003 ER PT J AU McKee, PC Toneys, ML Hansen, MJ Holey, ME AF McKee, PC Toneys, ML Hansen, MJ Holey, ME TI Performance of two strains of lake trout stocked in the midlake refuge of Lake Michigan SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID LAMPREY PETROMYZON-MARINUS; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; GREAT-LAKES; ONTARIO; SURVIVAL AB To evaluate the performance of Seneca and Marquette strains of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush for restoring stocks in southern Lake Michigan, we compared relative abundance (fish per lift of 305 in of gill net), survival (slope of the decline in natural logarithms of relative abundance), growth (von Bertalanffy growth curves), and wounding rates by sea lamprey Petro-myzon marinus of the 1984 and 1985 year-classes captured at ages 3-16 in fall gill-net assessments on the Sheboygan Reef and the Milwaukee nearshore area during 1987-2000. Marquette strain lake trout Survived at a significantly higher rate than Seneca strain lake trout prior to age 3 but at similar rates after age 3. The 1984 year-class of lake trout survived at a significantly higher rate than the 1985 year-class of lake trout prior to age 3 but at similar rates after age 3. Emigration of lake trout from the Sheboygan Reef to the nearshore Milwaukee area was similar for the Marquette and Seneca strains but was higher for the 1984 year-class than the 1985 year-class. The mean relative abundance of the 1984 and 1985 year-classes of Marquette and Seneca strains of lake trout varied erratically with age but did not decline with age on the Sheboygan Reef and Milwaukee nearshore area. On the Sheboygan Reef, growth in length, expressed as asymptotic length (L.), differed significantly between the Marquette and Seneca strains of lake trout but did not differ significantly between the 1984 and 1985 year-classes. On the Sheboygan Reef, wounding rates by sea lampreys did not differ significantly between the Marquette and Seneca strains of lake trout among size-classes (633-734, 735-836, and greater than or equal to837 min) during 1994-2000. Our findings suggest that the performance of Marquette strain lake trout was superior to that of Seneca strain lake trout On the Sheboygan Reef in central Lake Michigan. C1 Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Lake Michigan Fisheries Work Unit, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Fishery Resources Off, New Franken, WI 54229 USA. RP McKee, PC (reprint author), Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Lake Michigan Fisheries Work Unit, 110 S Neenah St, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235 USA. EM mckeep@dnr.state.wi.us OI Hansen, Michael/0000-0001-8522-3876 NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 24 IS 4 BP 1101 EP 1111 DI 10.1577/M03-142.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 884JL UT WOS:000226080800001 ER PT J AU Young, SP Isely, JJ AF Young, SP Isely, JJ TI Temporal and spatial estimates of adult striped bass mortality from telemetry and transmitter return data SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID NATURAL MORTALITY; SUMMER MORTALITY; NORTH-CAROLINA; SOUTH-CAROLINA; WATER-QUALITY; SITE FIDELITY; FISH STOCKS; HABITAT USE; RESERVOIR; TEMPERATURE AB Estimates of total mortality, fishing mortality, and natural mortality in the fishery for the adult striped bass Morone saxatilis in J. Strom Thurmond Reservoir, South Carolina-Georgia, were determined front long-term radiotelemetry data and high-reward radio transmitter return data using catch curve analyses. Annual total mortality rates were 0.81 +/- 0.06 (mean +/- SE) for year 1 (July 1999-June 2000) and 0.42 +/- 0.04 for year 2 (July 2000-June 2001). We observed that the force of fishing was much greater than the force of natural death on total mortality in this fishery. Total exploitation of all implanted striped bass over the 2-year study period was 48%. Fishing mortality rates were 0.67 +/- 0.04 for year 1 and 0.33 +/- 0.02 for year 2, and natural mortality rates were 0.14 +/- 0.02 for year 1 and 0.09 +/- 0.02 for year 2. We also identified seasonal increases in total and fishing mortality rates from July to September. Fishing mortality was highest temporally and spatially during late spring and late summer near the tailrace below Richard B. Russell Dam owing to high angling pressure for striped bass while the fish were congregated in summer refugia. Natural mortality Occurred only during mid to late summer in the middle section of the reservoir. These deaths were attributed to striped bass's becoming trapped in unsuitable summer habitat in the lower and middle sections of the reservoir. Mean postsurgery growth from 15 harvested study fish at large for a mean of 1.16 +/- 0.81 years was estimated to be 1.71 +/- 0.73 kg/year. Internal implantation of telemetry devices appeared to have no negative effect on long-term growth, health, and survival of adult striped bass and did not bias mortality and survival estimates. C1 Clemson Univ, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Isely, JJ (reprint author), Clemson Univ, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM jisely@clemson.edu NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 24 IS 4 BP 1112 EP 1119 DI 10.1577/M03-120.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 884JL UT WOS:000226080800002 ER PT J AU Barwick, RD Kwak, TJ Noble, RL Barwick, DH AF Barwick, RD Kwak, TJ Noble, RL Barwick, DH TI Fish populations associated with habitat-modified piers and natural woody debris in Piedmont Carolina reservoirs SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID BLUEGILLS; ABUNDANCE; RIVER; PREY; LAKE AB A primary concern associated with reservoir shoreline residential development is reduction of littoral habitat complexity and diversity. One potential approach to compensate for this is the deployment of artificial-habitat modules under existing piers, but the benefit of this practice has not been demonstrated. To evaluate the effect of pier habitat modifications on fish Populations in two Piedmont Carolina reservoirs, we studied 77 piers located on forty-seven, 100-m transects that were modified using plastic "fish hab" modules augmented with brush (brushed habs), hab modules alone (habs), or left unaltered for reference purposes. We sampled fish from all piers and transects during April, July, and October 2001 using a boat-mounted electrofisher. With few exceptions, catch rates were higher at brushed-hab piers and piers with habs than at reference piers during all seasons. Similarly, during spring and Summer, fish abundance was generally higher on transects containing natural woody debris, brushed habs, and habs than on reference-developed transects; however, during fall, there were exceptions. Therefore, fish abundance associated with shorelines in these reservoirs appears to be related to the structural complexity of available habitat rather than structure composition. One year after installation, 92% of pier owners responding to a mail survey expressed satisfaction with pier modifications. Supplementing piers with habitat structures is recommended to enhance littoral habitat complexity for fishes in residentially developed reservoirs. C1 N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Duke Power MG03A3, Huntersville, NC 28078 USA. RP Barwick, RD (reprint author), N Carolina Wildlife Resources Commiss, 1721 Mail Serv Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. EM bob.barwick@earthlink.net NR 27 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 24 IS 4 BP 1120 EP 1133 DI 10.1577/M03-094.1 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 884JL UT WOS:000226080800003 ER PT J AU Garcia, AP Connor, WP Milks, DJ Rocklage, SJ Steinhorst, RK AF Garcia, AP Connor, WP Milks, DJ Rocklage, SJ Steinhorst, RK TI Movement and spawner distribution of hatchery fall Chinook salmon adults acclimated and released as yearlings at three locations in the Snake River basin SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; COLUMBIA RIVER; STEELHEAD TROUT; SURVIVAL; DENSITY AB As part of the supplementation program for fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the Snake River basin, yearlings from Lyons Ferry Hatchery were released at acclimation facilities stationed along the lower Clearwater River and the lower and upper reaches of the Snake River. The distance required for migration out of the release reach was greatest for juveniles released in the lower Clearwater River. The distance required for migration out of the release river was greatest for juveniles released in the upper Snake River. We captured and radio-tagged returning adults at Lower Granite Dam (the last dam encountered prior to entering the release reaches), monitored adult movements, and assessed the performance of acclimation facilities in terms of their ability to distribute adults to their corresponding release reaches. Adults from the lower Clearwater River acclimation group had the lowest frequency of movement, the most restricted spatial movement, and the highest observed rate of spawning in the intended reach. The upper Snake River acclimation facility distributed spawners to the intended river at the highest rate observed. Though differences in water flow and temperature during immigration were possible explanations for these findings, acclimation facility location provided the most plausible explanation. We conclude that acclimation facility location can affect prespawning movement and the spawning distribution of hatchery fall Chinook salmon in the Snake River basin. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ahsahka, ID 83520 USA. Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Dayton, WA 99328 USA. Nez Perce Tribe, Dept Fisheries Resource Management, Orofino, ID 83544 USA. Univ Idaho, Div Stat, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Garcia, AP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, POB 18, Ahsahka, ID 83520 USA. EM aaron-garcia@fws.gov NR 36 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 24 IS 4 BP 1134 EP 1144 DI 10.1577/M03-081.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 884JL UT WOS:000226080800004 ER PT J AU Keefer, ML Peery, CA Jepson, MA Tolotti, KR Bjornn, TC Stuehrenberg, LC AF Keefer, ML Peery, CA Jepson, MA Tolotti, KR Bjornn, TC Stuehrenberg, LC TI Stock-specific migration timing of adult spring-summer Chinook salmon in the Columbia River basin SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SOCKEYE-SALMON; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; PACIFIC SALMON; SNAKE RIVERS; FRESH-WATER; STEELHEAD; FISHERIES; RATES AB An understanding of the migration timing patterns of Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. and steelhead O. mykiss is important for managing complex mixed-stock fisheries and preserving genetic and life history diversity. We examined adult return timing for 3,3 17 radio-tagged fish from 38 stocks of Columbia River basin spring-smumer Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha over 5 years. Stock composition varied widely within and between years depending on the strength of influential populations. Most individual stocks migrated at similar times each year relative to overall runs, supporting the hypotheses that run timing is predictable, is at least partially due to genetic adaptation, and can be used to differentiate between some conspecific populations. Arrival timing of both aggregated radio-tagged stocks and annual runs was strongly correlated with river discharge; stocks arrived earlier at Bonneville Dam and at upstream dams in years with low discharge. Migration timing analyses identified many between-stock and between-year differences in anadromous salmonid return behavior and should aid managers interested in protection and recovery of evolutionarily significant populations. C1 Univ Idaho, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Resources Div, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Keefer, ML (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Resources Div, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM mkeefer@uidaho.edu NR 53 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 24 IS 4 BP 1145 EP 1162 DI 10.1577/M03-170.1 PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 884JL UT WOS:000226080800005 ER PT J AU Bartron, ML Swank, DR Rutherford, ES Scribner, KT AF Bartron, ML Swank, DR Rutherford, ES Scribner, KT TI Methodological bias in estimates of strain composition and straying of hatchery-produced steelhead in Lake Michigan tributaries SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; CHINOOK SALMON; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPES; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PINK SALMON; STOCK; WILD; IDENTIFICATION AB Steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss were first introduced into the Great Lakes in the late 1800s. Subsequently, natural recruitment of steelhead from spawning runs in streams across the basin has been regularly supplemented by hatchery production of strains derived from widely dispersed locales within the species' native range. Estimates of hatchery contributions to the spawning runs of naturalized populations may be underrepresented by observations of marked fish, as not all hatchery fish are marked prior to release. To assess the potential bias in estimates of the hatchery contribution to steelhead spawning runs in four major rivers in Michigan, we used scale pattern analysis (SPA) to identify nonmarked hatchery fish and multilocus genotype.,; to estimate the proportional contributions of each hatchery strain to spawning runs. The four hatchery strains currently stocked are significantly genetically distinct (mean F-ST = 0.077), making it possible to identify specific strains by use of likelihood-based assignment tests. The differences between direct (mark observations) and indirect (SPA and genetic analysis) estimates of hatchery contribution were mainly due to variations in the percentage of hatchery fish marked by states prior to release and the potential for confusion between certain marks and injuries. By combining direct and indirect assessment methodologies, we estimated that the percentage of hatchery fish returning to the four rivers ranged from 13% to 31% of total spawning runs. The large contribution of hatchery fish to nonstocked rivers differed significantly from expectations of strain-specific stocking rates across the Lake Michigan basin and for individual streams, indicating high amounts of straying into Michigan streams. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NE Fishery Ctr, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Bartron, ML (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 13 Nat Resources Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM meredith_bartron@fws.gov OI Rutherford, Edward/0000-0002-7282-6667 NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 24 IS 4 BP 1288 EP 1299 DI 10.1577/M03-083.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 884JL UT WOS:000226080800017 ER PT J AU Meka, JM AF Meka, JM TI The influence of hook type, angler experience, and fish size on injury rates and the duration of capture in an Alaskan catch-and-release rainbow trout fishery SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID LANDLOCKED ATLANTIC SALMON; MICROPTERUS-SALMOIDES; STRESS RESPONSES; LARGEMOUTH BASS; PLASMA-CORTISOL; BARBLESS HOOKS; CIRCLE HOOK; ROCK BASS; TRUTTA-L; MORTALITY AB Owing to concerns about the high incidence of past hooking injuries in Alagnak River rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, fish were captured with spin- and fly-fishing gear with barbed and barbless circle and "J" hooks to determine gear types contributing to injury. Landing and hook removal times were measured for a portion of fish captured, and the anatomical hooking location, hooking scar locations, bleeding intensity, angler experience, and fish size were recorded for all captured fish. Approximately 62% of fish captured experienced at least one new hooking injury, and 29% of fish had at least one past hooking injury. Small fish sustained higher new injury and bleeding rates, but large fish had higher past injury rates. Injury rates were higher for barbed J hooks, barbed J hooks took longer to remove, and fish caught by spin-fishing were injured more frequently than fish caught by fly-fishing. Fewer fly-fishing-caught fish were injured using circle hooks, and circle hooks tended to hook fish in only one location, generally in the jaw. Barbed J hooks were more efficient at landing fish, and J hooks were more efficient at landing fish than circle hooks. Novice anglers injured proportionally more fish than experienced anglers, primarily during hook removal. Landing time was positively correlated with fish size, and experienced anglers took longer to land fish than novices because they captured larger fish. These results suggest that a reduction in hooking injuries may be achieved by using circle hooks as an alternative to J hooks and barbless J hooks to reduce injury and handling time, yet catch efficiency for both methods would be reduced. Although fish Captured with barbless J hooks and circle hooks had fewer injuries, it is important to note that each hook type also caused significant injury, and angler education is recommended to promote proper hook removal techniques. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Meka, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd,MS701, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM julie_meka@usgs.gov NR 57 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 6 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 24 IS 4 BP 1309 EP 1321 DI 10.1577/M03-108.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 884JL UT WOS:000226080800019 ER PT J AU Lindstrom, JW Hubert, WA AF Lindstrom, JW Hubert, WA TI Ice processes affect habitat use and movements of adult cutthroat trout and brook trout in a Wyoming foothills stream SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID WINTER MOVEMENTS; ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKI; BULL TROUT; FALL; RIVER; FISH; AVAILABILITY; TEMPERATURE; MONTANA; ALBERTA AB Habitat use and movements of 25 adult Cutthroat trout Oncorhylnchus clarkii and 25 adult brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis from fall through winter 2002-2003 were assessed by means of radiotelemetry in a 7-km reach of a Rocky Mountains foothills stream. Temporal dynamics of winter habitat conditions were evaluated by regularly measuring the features of 30 pools and 5 beaver Castor canadensis ponds in the study reach. Groundwater inputs at three locations raised mean daily water temperatures in the stream channel during winter to 0.2-0.6degreesC and kept at least 250 in of the downstream channel free of ice, but the lack of surface ice further downstream led to the occurrence of frazil ice and anchor ice in pools and unstable habitat conditions for trout. Pools in segments that were not affected by groundwater inputs and beaver ponds tended to be stable and snow accumulated on the surface ice. Pools throughout the study reach tended to become more stable as snow accumulated. Both cutthroat trout and brook trout selected beaver ponds as winter progressed but tended to use lateral scour pools in proportion to their availability. Tagged fish not in beaver ponds selected lateral scour pools that were deeper than average and stable during winter. Movement frequencies by tagged fish decreased from fall through winter, but some individuals of both species moved during winter. Ice processes affected both the habitat use and movement patterns of cutthroat trout and brook trout in this foothills stream. C1 Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Hubert, WA (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM whubert@uwyo.edu NR 36 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 24 IS 4 BP 1341 EP 1352 DI 10.1577/M03-223.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 884JL UT WOS:000226080800022 ER PT J AU Brousseau, LJ Sclafani, M Smith, DR Carter, DB AF Brousseau, LJ Sclafani, M Smith, DR Carter, DB TI Acoustic-tracking and radio-tracking of horseshoe crabs to assess spawning behavior and subtidal habitat use in Delaware Bay SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID LIMULUS-POLYPHEMUS; BEACH CHARACTERISTICS; SITE SELECTION; ABUNDANCE; TELEMETRY; MOVEMENT; PATTERNS; ANIMALS AB This study used telemetry to determine spawning behavior and subtidal habitat use of horseshoe crabs Limulus polyphemus. We attached combined acoustic and radio transmitters to 12 gravid female horseshoe crabs at Ted Harvey Beach and 12 at North Bowers Beach (both on the western shore of Delaware Bay) over a 5-d period before peak spawning on the new moon. Horseshoe crabs were acoustically tracked and radio-tracked daily for 8 d during both high tides and during the incoming dominant (higher) high tide. All horseshoe crabs were relocated at least once, and 83% of females spawned from two to six times (x = 3.35, SE = 0.18). Of these females, 85% spawned on two to five consecutive nights (x = 3.31, SE = 0.59). Most (95%) females spawned on the beaches where they were initially tagged. Typically, the shoreline used by an individual for spawning ranged from 70 to 1,160 m (x = 351 m, SE = 38 m). Between spawning events, horseshoe crabs remained 50-715 m offshore(x= 299m,SE 57 m) from their established spawning beaches. Following the new moon, all but one (96%) moved out of range of our survey area, which extended approximately I km from the shoreline. Multistate mark-recapture models were used to estimate recapture probabilities and daily probabilities of spawning and departure from the vicinity of the spawning beaches. The probability of recapture by acoustic telemetry was high and estimated to be 0.95 (95% confidence interval, 0.73-0.99). Horseshoe crabs equipped with acoustic and radio transmitters have high rates of recapture, can be tracked continually, and can be relocated in both foreshore and inshore habitats. C1 Cornell Cooperat Extens, Marine Program, Centerport, NY 11721 USA. US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Delaware Dept Nat Resources & Environm Control, Dover, DE 19901 USA. RP Brousseau, LJ (reprint author), Cornell Cooperat Extens, Marine Program, 180 Little Neck Rd, Centerport, NY 11721 USA. EM lb66@cornell.edu NR 22 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 24 IS 4 BP 1376 EP 1384 DI 10.1577/1548-8675(2004)24<1376:AAROHC>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 884JL UT WOS:000226080800025 ER PT J AU Johnson, JH AF Johnson, JH TI Comparative survival and growth of Atlantic salmon from egg stocking and fry releases SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SALAR L; SCOTTISH STREAM; BROWN TROUT; TRUTTA; RIVER AB First summer survival and subsequent growth of Atlantic salmon Salina salar planted as eggs and fry in a tributary of Cayuga Lake, New York, were examined for 3 years. Atlantic salmon were planted in December 1999-2001 in 20 Whitlock-Vibert (W-V) egg incubators, each containing 300 eyed eggs. The following May, 500 fin-clipped Atlantic salmon fry were released in the same stream section. In autumn, a back-pack electroshocker was used to capture fry to assess survival and growth. Mean survival was significantly greater for fry (27.9%) than eggs (0.8%). In autumn, mean length was significantly greater for Atlantic salmon released as fry (90.1 mm) than those planted as eggs (76.2 mm), probably owing to accelerated growth in the hatchery caused by warmer water temperatures (i.e., hatchery, 9.4degreesC; stream, 5.1degreesC). Releasing Atlantic salmon fry in May was nearly I I times more costly in terms of hatchery effort than was releasing eggs in December. Although the survival of Atlantic salmon eggs in W-V incubators was low, when considering production costs, the use of egg plantings may warrant consideration under certain restoration or enhancement situations. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. RP Johnson, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. EM james_h_johnson@usgs.gov NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 24 IS 4 BP 1409 EP 1412 DI 10.1577/1548-8675(2004)24<1409:CSAGOA>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 884JL UT WOS:000226080800029 ER PT J AU Tiffan, KF Rondorf, DW Skalicky, JJ AF Tiffan, KF Rondorf, DW Skalicky, JJ TI Imaging fall Chinook salmon redds in the Columbia River with a dual-frequency identification sonar SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB We tested the efficacy of a dual-frequency identification sonar (DIDSON) for imaging and enumeration of fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynhus tshaivytscha redds in a spawning area below Bonneville Darn Oil the Columbia River The DIDSON uses sound to form near-video-quality images and has the advantages of imaging in zero-visibility water and possessing a greater detection range and field of view than underwater video Cameras. We Suspected that the large size and distinct morphology of a fall Chinook salmon redd Would facilitate acoustic imaging if the DIDSON was towed near the river bottom so as to east an acoustic shadow front the tailspill over the redd pocket. We tested this idea by observing 22 different redds with an underwater video camera. spatially referencing their locations, and then navigating to them while imaging theni with the DIDSON. All 22 redds Were Successfully imaged with the DIDSON. We Subsequently conducted redd searches along transects to compare the number of redds imaged by the DIDSON with the number observed using an underwater video camera. We Counted 117 redds with the DIDSON and 81 redds with the Underwater video camera. Only one of the redds observed with the Underwater video camera was not also documented by the DIDSON. In spite of the DIDSON's high cost, it may serve as a useful tool for enumerating fall Chinook salinon redds in conditions that are not conductive to Underwater videography. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Cook, WA 98605 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lower Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Tiffan, KF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM ken_tiffan@ugus.gov OI Tiffan, Kenneth/0000-0002-5831-2846 NR 13 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 24 IS 4 BP 1421 EP 1426 DI 10.1577/1548-8675(2004)24<1421:IFCSRI>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 884JL UT WOS:000226080800031 ER PT J AU Walsh, MG Winkelman, DL AF Walsh, MG Winkelman, DL TI Anchor and visible implant elastomer tag retention by hatchery rainbow trout stocked into an Ozark stream SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB As part of a study to evaluate the stocking of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in an Oklahoma Ozark stream, we tagged 2,542 hatchery-reared rainbow trout (123-366 mm total length) with individually nurnbered Floy FD-68B anchor tags and visible implant fluorescent elastomer (VIE) tags. We experimentally stocked double-marked rainbow trout into a small northeastern Oklahoma stream from November 2001 to March 2002 and resampled them monthly from December 2001 to October 2002 by electrofishing. Anchor tag retention was 91% through 6 months, and VIE tag retention was 96% through 6 months despite extensive handling of fish within 24 h of tagging. Based on the ease of application, high visibility, and high retention observed in this study, we recommend the use of VIE tags as a batch mark in similarly sized, similarly pigmented fish. The retention of VIE tags was slightly higher than that of anchor tags, and cost per fish was less for VIE than for anchor tags. However, VIE tags would have limited utility if numerous individual tags are necessary; therefore, we recommend anchor tags as individual marks in similarly sized salmonids. Retention for both tag types was relatively high and could be corrected for when estimating population parameters from tagging data. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Walsh, MG (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Warnell Sch Forest Resources 3 422, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM mgwalsh@smokey.forestry.uga.edu NR 16 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 24 IS 4 BP 1435 EP 1439 DI 10.1577/M03-246.1 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 884JL UT WOS:000226080800034 ER PT J AU Gaines, PC Martin, CD AF Gaines, PC Martin, CD TI Feasibility of dual-marking age-0 Chinook salmon for mark-recapture studies SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID MOVEMENTS AB We investigated the short-term mortality associated with the application of a dual mark on juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus rshowyrscha used in mark-recapture trials. Treatment groups were either spray-dyed with fluorescent pigments, stained with Bismarck brown, or marked with both. Acute mortality was greater for the spray-dyed-Bisniarck brown combination (0.48%) and the spray-dyed (0.13%) treatment groups than for the Bismarck brown or control groups. Daily mortality was less than 0.15% for marked treatment groups for 3 d after marking. Cumulative mortality was greatest for the spray-dyed (0.93%) and the spray-dyed-Bismarck brown (0.84%) groups. Significant differences in mortality were not detected among groups (P = 0.063) or within groups on a temporal scale (P = 0.124). Recognition of fluorescent pigments was 100% during the study. Bismarck brown staining did not obscure the fluorescent pigments, which were easily differentiated among colors. We conclude that our dual-marking technique provides researchers with a feasible method to differentially mass-mark fish with minimal mortality. Moreover, mark recognition is greatly enhanced. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Red Bluff Fish & Wildlife Off, Red Bluff, CA 96080 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Essex Jct, VT 05452 USA. RP Gaines, PC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Red Bluff Fish & Wildlife Off, 10950 Tyler Rd, Red Bluff, CA 96080 USA. EM phillip_gaines@fws.gov NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 24 IS 4 BP 1456 EP 1459 DI 10.1577/M03-195.1 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 884JL UT WOS:000226080800037 ER PT J AU Bettinger, JM Bettoli, PW AF Bettinger, JM Bettoli, PW TI Seasonal movement of brown trout in the Clinch River, Tennessee SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SALMO-TRUTTA-L; RAINBOW-TROUT; STREAM; TRANSMITTERS; WILD AB We used radiotelemetry to monitor the seasonal movements of trophy-size brown trout Salmo trutta in the Clinch River below Norris Dam, Tennessee, to determine whether establishing a special-regulation reach to reduce fishing mortality was a viable management option. Fifteen brown trout (size range. 430-573 mm total length) collected from the river were implanted with radio transmitters between November 1997 and May 1998. Forty-seven pet-cent of these fish died or expelled their transmitters within 50 d postsurgery. The range of movement for surviving brown trout was Significantly larger in fall (geometric mean range - 5,111 m) than in any other season. Four brown trout that were monitored for more than I year exhibited a limited range of movement (<2 km) during the winter, spring, and slimmer, but they made extensive movements (>5 km) during the fall season, presumably to spawn. Brown trout also moved more during the fall than in any other season. Harvest restrictions applied to a specific reach of the Clinch River Would reduce the exploitation of brown trout in that reach for most of the year but not during the fall, when many fish undertake extensive spawning migrations. C1 Tennessee Technol Univ, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Bettinger, JM (reprint author), S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, 1921 Boklen Rd, Eastover, SC 29044 USA. EM BettingerJ@dnr.sc.gov NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 24 IS 4 BP 1480 EP 1485 DI 10.1577/M03-144.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 884JL UT WOS:000226080800040 ER PT J AU Huntington, TG AF Huntington, TG TI Climate change, growing season length, and transpiration: Plant response could alter hydrologic regime SO PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE transpiration; CO2; growing season length; temperature; climate change ID UNITED-STATES; NEW-ENGLAND; NORTH-AMERICA; TRENDS; PRECIPITATION; 20TH-CENTURY; INCREASE; EUROPE; COVER; DATES C1 US Geol Survey, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. RP Huntington, TG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 196 Whitten Rd, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. EM thunting@usgs.gov OI Huntington, Thomas/0000-0002-9427-3530 NR 31 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 10 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 1435-8603 J9 PLANT BIOLOGY JI Plant Biol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 6 IS 6 BP 651 EP 653 DI 10.1055/s-2004-830353 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 878VN UT WOS:000225675400001 PM 15570468 ER PT J AU Kery, M Matthies, D AF Kery, M Matthies, D TI Reduced fecundity in small populations of the rare plant Gentianopsis ciliate (Gentianaceae) SO PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fecundity; Gentianopsis ciliata; habitat fragmentation; rare species; population size; reproduction ID GENTIANELLA-GERMANICA GENTIANACEAE; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; GENETIC-VARIATION; SALVIA-PRATENSIS; PNEUMONANTHE L; PRIMULA-VERIS; FLOWER SIZE; EXTINCTION; FITNESS AB Habitat destruction is the main cause for the biodiversity crisis. Surviving populations are often fragmented, i.e., small and isolated from each other. Reproduction of plants in small populations is often reduced, and this has been attributed to inbreeding depression, reduced attractiveness for pollinators, and reduced habitat quality in small populations. Here we present data on the effects of fragmentation on the rare, self-compatible perennial herb Gentianopsis ciliata (Gentianaceae), a species with very small and presumably well-dispersed seeds. We studied the relationship between population size, plant size, and the number of flowers produced in 63 populations from 1996 - 1998. In one of the years, leaf and flower size and the number of seeds produced per fruit was studied in a subset of 25 populations. Plant size, flower size, and the number of seeds per fruit and per plant increased with population size, whereas leaf length and the number of flowers per plant did not. The effects of population size on reproduction and on flower size remained significant if the effects were adjusted for differences in plant size, indicating that they could not be explained by differences in habitat quality. The strongly reduced reproduction in small populations may be due to pollination limitation, while the reduced flower size could indicate genetic effects. C1 Univ Zurich, Inst Umweltwissensch, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Kery, M (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Inst Umweltwissensch, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. EM marc.kery@vogelwarte.ch NR 54 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 11 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 1435-8603 J9 PLANT BIOLOGY JI Plant Biol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 6 IS 6 BP 683 EP 688 DI 10.1055/s-2004-830331 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 878VN UT WOS:000225675400005 PM 15570472 ER PT J AU Robinson, GR Kapo, KE AF Robinson, GR Kapo, KE TI A GIS analysis of suitability for construction aggregate recycling sites using regional transportation network and population density features SO RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING LA English DT Article DE recycled aggregate; RAP; RPCC; weights of evidence (WofE); weighted logistic regression (WLR); Maryland; Virginia AB Aggregate is used in road and building construction to provide bulk, strength, support, and wear resistance. Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and reclaimed Portland cement concrete (RPCC) are abundant and available sources of recycled aggregate. In this paper, current aggregate production operations in Virginia, Maryland, and the District of Columbia are used to develop spatial association models for the recycled aggregate industry with regional transportation network and population density features. The cost of construction aggregate to the end user is strongly influenced by the cost of transporting processed aggregate from the production site to the construction site. More than 60% of operations recycling aggregate in the mid-Atlantic study area are located within 4.8 km (3 miles) of an interstate highway. Transportation corridors provide both sites of likely road construction where aggregate is used and an efficient means to move both materials and on-site processing equipment back and forth from various work sites to the recycling operations. Urban and developing areas provide a high market demand for aggregate and a ready source of construction debris that may be processed into recycled aggregate. Most aggregate recycling operators in the study area are sited in counties with population densities exceeding 77 people/km(2) (200 people/mile(2)). No aggregate recycling operations are sited in counties with less than 19 people/km(2) (50 people/mile(2)), reflecting the lack of sufficient long-term sources of construction debris to be used as an aggregate source, as well as the lack of a sufficient market demand for aggregate in most rural areas to locate a recycling operation there or justify the required investment in the equipment to process and produce recycled aggregate. Weights of evidence analyses (WofE), measuring correlation on an area-normalized basis, and weighted logistic regression (WLR), are used to model the distribution of RAP and RPCC operations relative to transportation network and population distribution data. The models can be used on a regional scale to quickly map the relative site suitability for a RAP or RPCC aggregate recycling operation in a particular area based on transportation network and population parameters. The results can be used to identify general areas to be further evaluated on a site-specific basis using more detailed marketplace information. As transportation or population features change due to planning or actual development, the models can be easily revised to reflect these changes. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP Robinson, GR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 954 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA USA. EM grobinso@usgs.gov NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-3449 J9 RESOUR CONSERV RECY JI Resour. Conserv. Recycl. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 42 IS 4 BP 351 EP 365 DI 10.1016/j.resconrec.2004.04.009 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 864JP UT WOS:000224630100004 ER PT J AU Burnham, KP Anderson, DR AF Burnham, KP Anderson, DR TI Multimodel inference - understanding AIC and BIC in model selection SO SOCIOLOGICAL METHODS & RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE AIC; BIC; model averaging; model selection; multimodel inference ID GENERALIZED LINEAR-MODELS; INFORMATION CRITERION; BAYES FACTORS; SMALL SAMPLES; CHOICE; PREDICTIONS; REGRESSION; LIKELIHOOD AB The model selection literature has been generally poor at reflecting the deep foundations of the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and at making appropriate comparisons to the Bayesian information criterion (BIC). There is a clear philosophy a sound criterion based in information theory, and a rigorous statistical foundation for AIC. AIC can be justified as Bayesian using a "savvy" prior on models that is a function of sample Size and the number of model parameters. Furthermore, BIC can be derived as a non-Bayesian result. Therefore, arguments about using AIC versus BIC for model selection cannot be from a Bayes versus frequentist perspective. The philosophical context of what is assumed about reality, approximating models, and the intent of model-based inference should determine whether AIC or BIC is used. Various facets of such multimodel inference are presented here, particularly methods of model averaging. C1 Colorado State Univ, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, BRD, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Burnham, KP (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, BRD, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009 NR 51 TC 2349 Z9 2386 U1 39 U2 468 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0049-1241 J9 SOCIOL METHOD RES JI Sociol. Methods. Res. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 33 IS 2 BP 261 EP 304 DI 10.1177/0049124104268644 PG 44 WC Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods; Sociology SC Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences; Sociology GA 865MD UT WOS:000224706300004 ER PT J AU Hardiman, JM Johnson, BM Martinez, PJ AF Hardiman, JM Johnson, BM Martinez, PJ TI Do predators influence the distribution of age-0 kokanee in a Colorado reservoir? SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE SOCKEYE-SALMON; DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATIONS; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; ANTIPREDATION WINDOW; TROPHIC INTERACTIONS; FORAGING MODEL; LAKE-MICHIGAN; HABITAT USE; ZOOPLANKTON; FISH AB Seasonal changes in reservoir conditions such as productivity, light, and temperature create spatiotemporal variation in habitat that may segregate or aggregate predators and prey, producing implications for the distribution, growth, and survival of fishes. We used hydroacoustics to document the diel vertical distribution of age-0 kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka relative to environmental gradients at Blue Mesa Reservoir, Colorado, during May-August of 2002. Temperature, light, and zooplankton density profiles were examined relative to foraging conditions for kokanee and their primary predator, lake trout Salvelinus namaycush. Age-0 kokanee displayed large diel vertical migrations in May despite the lack of an energetic advantage before reservoir stratification. Age-0 kokanee minimized near-surface foraging at this time, perhaps to avoid predation by visual predators, such as lake trout, in the well-fit surface waters. Strong reservoir stratification in midsummer appeared to provide a thermal refuge from lake trout that the kokanee exploited. By August vertical migrations were shallow and most kokanee remained in the epilimnion throughout the day. Although the energetic implications of the late-summer strategy are unclear, it appears that kokanee were responding to changes in their predator environment. A robust model for kokanee diel vertical migration across a range of systems should include a predator avoidance component. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. Colorado Div Wildlife, Grand Junction, CO 81505 USA. RP Hardiman, JM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, 1474 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jhardiman@usgs.gov NR 56 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 133 IS 6 BP 1366 EP 1378 DI 10.1577/T03-1234.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 869FZ UT WOS:000224970100006 ER PT J AU Keefer, ML Peery, CA Bjornn, TC Jepson, MA Stuehrenberg, LC AF Keefer, ML Peery, CA Bjornn, TC Jepson, MA Stuehrenberg, LC TI Hydrosystem, dam, and reservoir passage rates of adult Chinook salmon and Steelhead in the Columbia and Snake Rivers SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SOCKEYE-SALMON; ATLANTIC SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; ELECTROMYOGRAM TELEMETRY; UPSTREAM MIGRATION; RADIO TRANSMITTERS; RETURN MIGRATION; SWIM SPEEDS; ENERGY USE; SALAR L. AB We assessed upstream migration rates of more than 12,000 radio-tagged adult Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and steelhead O. mykiss past a series of dams and reservoirs on the Columbia and Snake rivers. Most fish passed each dam in less than 2 d. Migration behavior in reservoirs and through multiple dam-reservoir reaches varied within and between years and between species. Within years, spring-summer Chinook salmon migrated more rapidly as water temperature and date of migration increased; between years, spring-summer Chinook salmon migrated fastest in low-discharge years. Steelhead migrations slowed dramatically when summer water temperatures peaked within each year, then increased as rivers cooled in fall. Mean summer temperatures explained more between-year variation in steelhead passage rates than did differences in discharge. Fall Chinook salmon migration rates also slowed during periods of warm water. Protracted passage times within the hydrosystem were most likely for fish from all runs that fell back over and reascended dams and for steelhead that sought thermal refugia by straying temporarily into coldwater tributaries. C1 Univ Idaho, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Resources Div, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. RP Keefer, ML (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Resources Div, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM mkeefer@uidaho.edu NR 65 TC 65 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 37 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 133 IS 6 BP 1413 EP 1439 DI 10.1577/T03-223.1 PG 27 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 869FZ UT WOS:000224970100009 ER PT J AU McCallum, HI Kuris, A Harvell, CD Lafferty, KD Smith, GW Porter, J AF McCallum, HI Kuris, A Harvell, CD Lafferty, KD Smith, GW Porter, J TI Does terrestrial epidemiology apply to marine systems? SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Review ID PARASITE POPULATION INTERACTIONS; ABALONE HALIOTIS-CRACHERODII; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; MASS MORTALITY; IMPACT; PATHOGEN; EPIZOOTIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION; ECOSYSTEMS; CALIFORNIA AB Most of epidemiological theory has been developed for terrestrial systems, but the significance of disease in the ocean is now being recognized. However, the extent to which terrestrial epidemiology can be directly transferred to marine systems is uncertain. Many broad types of disease-causing organism occur both on land and in the sea, and it is clear that some emergent disease problems in marine environments are caused by pathogens moving from terrestrial to marine systems. However, marine systems are qualitatively different from terrestrial environments, and these differences affect the application of modelling and management approaches that have been developed for terrestrial systems. Phyla and body plans are more diverse in marine environments and marine organisms have different life histories and probably different disease transmission modes than many of their terrestrial counterparts. Marine populations are typically more open than terrestrial ones, with the potential for long-distance dispersal of larvae. Potentially, this might enable unusually rapid propagation of epidemics in marine systems, and there are several examples of this. Taken together, these differences will require the development of new approaches to modelling and control of infectious disease in the ocean. C1 Univ Queensland, Dept Zool & Entomol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol & Geol, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP McCallum, HI (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Dept Zool & Entomol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. EM Hmccallum@zen.uq.edu.au RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009; McCallum, Hamish/E-1638-2013 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593; McCallum, Hamish/0000-0002-3493-0412 NR 75 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 19 IS 11 BP 585 EP 591 DI 10.1016/j.tree.2004.08.009 PG 7 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 870DB UT WOS:000225033100007 ER PT J AU Engesgaard, P Hojberg, AL Hinsby, K Jensen, KH Laier, T Larsen, F Busenberg, E Plummer, LN AF Engesgaard, P Hojberg, AL Hinsby, K Jensen, KH Laier, T Larsen, F Busenberg, E Plummer, LN TI Transport and time lag of chlorofluorocarbon gases in the unsaturated zone, Rabis Creek, Denmark SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; ENVIRONMENTAL TRACERS; SANDY AQUIFER; COASTAL-PLAIN; POROUS-MEDIA; WATER; AGE; FLOW; AIR; SIMULATION AB Transport of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) gases through the unsaturated zone to the water table is affected by gas diffusion, air-water exchange (solubility), sorption to the soil matrix, advective-dispersive transport in the water phase, and, in some cases, anaerobic degradation. In deep unsaturated zones, this may lead to a time lag between entry of gases at the land surface and recharge to groundwater. Data from a Danish field site were used to investigate how time lag is affected by variations in water content and to explore the use of simple analytical solutions to calculate time lag. Numerical simulations demonstrate that either degradation or sorption of CFC-11 takes place, whereas CFC-12 and CFC-113 are nonreactive. Water flow did not appreciably affect transport. An analytical solution for the period with a linear increase in atmospheric CFC concentrations (approximately early 1970s to early 1990s) was used to calculate CFC profiles and time lags. We compared the analytical results with numerical simulations. The time lags in the 15-m-deep unsaturated zone increase from 4.2 to 5.2 and 6.1 yr and from 3.4 to 3.9 yr for CFC-11 and CFC-12, when simulations change from use of an exponential to a linear increase in atmospheric concentrations. The CFC concentrations at the water table before the early 1990s can be estimated by displacing the atmospheric input function by these fixed time lags. A sensitivity study demonstrates conditions under which a time lag in the unsaturated zone becomes important. The most critical parameter is the tortuosity coefficient. The analytical approach is valid for the low range of tortuosity coefficients (tau = 0.1-0.4) and unsaturated zones greater than approximately 20 m in thickness. In these cases the CFC distribution may still be from either the exponential or linear In other cases, the use of numerical models, as described in our work and elsewhere, is an option. C1 Univ Copenhagen, Inst Geol, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark. Geol Survey Denmark & Greenland, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. Tech Univ Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. USGS, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Engesgaard, P (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Inst Geol, Oster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark. EM pe@geol.ku.dk RI Hojberg, Anker Lajer/F-3036-2011; Hinsby, Klaus/C-1806-2008; Jensen, Karsten/E-3469-2015; OI Hojberg, Anker Lajer/0000-0003-3460-6046; Hinsby, Klaus/0000-0003-1190-4550; Jensen, Karsten/0000-0003-4020-0050; Plummer, L. Niel/0000-0002-4020-1013 NR 37 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 15 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 3 IS 4 BP 1249 EP 1261 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 904BD UT WOS:000227469200021 ER PT J AU Hamilton, SJ Buhl, KJ AF Hamilton, SJ Buhl, KJ TI Selenium in water, sediment, plants, invertebrates, and fish in the blackfoot river drainage SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE hazard assessment; Idaho; phosphate mining; Selenium ID SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY; COAL FLY-ASH; ENVIRONMENTAL-HAZARD; AQUATIC ORGANISMS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; HEAVY-METALS; CALIFORNIA; ACCUMULATION; BLUEGILLS; BIOACCUMULATION AB Nine stream sites in the Blackfoot River watershed in southeastern Idaho were sampled in September 2000 for water, surficial sediment, aquatic plants, aquatic invertebrates, and fish. Selenium was measured in these aquatic ecosystem components, and a hazard assessment was performed on the data. Water quality characteristics such as pH, hardness, and specific conductance were relatively uniform among the nine sites examined. Selenium was elevated in water, sediment, aquatic plants, aquatic invertebrates, and fish from several sites suggesting deposition in sediments and food web cycling through plants and invertebrates. Selenium was elevated to concentrations of concern in water at eight sites (> 5 mug/L), sediment at three sites (> 2 mug/g), aquatic plants at four sites (> 4 mug/g), aquatic invertebrates at five sites (> 3 mug/g), and fish at seven sites (> 4 mug/g in whole body). The hazard assessment of selenium in the aquatic environment suggested low hazard at Sheep Creek, moderate hazard at Trail Creek, upper Slug Creek, lower Slug Creek, and lower Blackfoot River, and high hazard at Angus Creek, upper East Mill Creek, lower East Mill Creek, and Dry Valley Creek. The results of this study are consistent with results of a previous investigation and indicate that selenium concentrations from the phosphate mining area of southeastern Idaho were sufficiently elevated in several ecosystem components to cause adverse effects to aquatic resources in the Blackfoot River watershed. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Field Res Stn, Yankton, SD 57078 USA. RP Hamilton, SJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Field Res Stn, 31247 436th Ave, Yankton, SD 57078 USA. EM karen_faerber@usgs.gov NR 82 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 12 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 159 IS 1-4 BP 2 EP 34 PG 32 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 873SF UT WOS:000225300500002 ER PT J AU Campbell, DH Muths, E Turk, JT Corn, PS AF Campbell, DH Muths, E Turk, JT Corn, PS TI Sensitivity to acidification of subalpine ponds and lakes in north-western Colorado SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE atmospheric deposition; lakes; ponds; acidification ID ACIDIC DEPOSITION; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; AMBYSTOMA-TIGRINUM; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; CHEMISTRY; SULFATE AB Although acidifying deposition in western North America is lower than in many parts of the world, many high-elevation ecosystems there are extremely sensitive to acidification. Previous studies determined that the Mount Zirkel Wilderness Area (MZWA) has the most acidic snowpack and aquatic ecosystems that are among the most sensitive in the region. In this study, spatial and temporal variability of ponds and lakes in and near the MZWA were examined to determine their sensitivity to acidification and the effects of acidic deposition during and after snowmelt. Within the areas identified as sensitive to acidification based on bedrock types, there was substantial variability in acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC), which was related to differences in hydrological flowpaths that control delivery of weathering products to surface waters. Geological and topographic maps were of limited use in predicting acid sensitivity because their spatial resolution was not fine enough to capture the variability of these attributes for lakes and ponds with small catchment areas. Many of the lakes are sensitive to acidification (summer and autumn ANC < 100 mueq L-1), but none of them appeared to be threatened immediately by episodic or chronic acidification. In contrast, 22 ponds had minimum ANC < 30 mueq L-1, indicating that they are extremely sensitive to acidic deposition and could be damaged by episodic acidification, although net acidity (ANC < 0) was not measured in any of the ponds during the study. The lowest measured pH value was 5(.)4, and pH generally remained less than 6(.)0 throughout early summer in the most sensitive ponds, indicating that biological effects of acidification are possible at levels of atmospheric deposition that occurred during the study. The aquatic chemistry of lakes was dominated by atmospheric deposition and biogeochemical processes in soils and shallow ground water, whereas the aquatic chemistry of ponds was also affected by organic acids and biogeochemical processes in the water column and at the sediment-water interface. These results indicate that conceptual and mechanistic acidification models that have been developed for lakes and streams may be inadequate for predicting acidification in less-understood systems such as ponds. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO USA. Water Dipper Inc, Denver, CO USA. US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT USA. Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Campbell, DH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 415, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM dhcampbe@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD OCT 30 PY 2004 VL 18 IS 15 BP 2817 EP 2834 DI 10.1002/hyp.1496 PG 18 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 866AU UT WOS:000224746100005 ER PT J AU Kinner, DA Stallard, RF AF Kinner, DA Stallard, RF TI Identifying storm flow pathways in a rainforest catchment using hydrological and geochemical modelling SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE tropics; hydrology; flowpaths; TOPMODEL; end-member chemical mixing ID SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; SOILWATER END-MEMBERS; TROPICAL CATCHMENT; STREAMWATER CHEMISTRY; HEADWATER CATCHMENT; DISTRIBUTED MODELS; TOPMODEL; UNCERTAINTY; PERMEAMETER AB The hydrological model TOPMODEL is used to assess the water balance and describe flow paths for the 9(.)73 ha Lutz Creek Catchment in Central Panama. Monte Carlo results are evaluated based on their fit to the observed hydrograph, catchment-averaged soil moisture and stream chemistry. TOPMODEL, with a direct-flow mechanism that is intended to route water through rapid shallow-soil flow, matched observed chemistry and discharge better than the basic version of TOPMODEL and provided a reasonable fit to observed soil moisture and wet-season discharge at both 15-min and daily time-steps. The improvement of simulations with the implementation of a direct-flow component indicates that a storm flow path not represented in the original version of TOPMODEL plays a primary role in the response of Lutz Creek Catchment. This flow path may be consistent with the active and abundant pipeflow that is observed or delayed saturation overland flow. The 'best-accepted' simulations from 1991 to 1997 indicate that around 41% of precipitation becomes direct flow and around 10% is saturation overland flow. Other field observations are needed to constrain evaporative and groundwater losses in the model and to characterize chemical end-members posited in this paper. Published in 2004 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, WRD, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Kinner, DA (reprint author), Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM dakinner@usgs.gov RI Stallard, Robert/H-2649-2013 OI Stallard, Robert/0000-0001-8209-7608 NR 53 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 13 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD OCT 30 PY 2004 VL 18 IS 15 BP 2851 EP 2875 DI 10.1002/hyp.1498 PG 25 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 866AU UT WOS:000224746100007 ER PT J AU Belchansky, GI Douglas, DC Alpatsky, IV Platonov, NG AF Belchansky, GI Douglas, DC Alpatsky, IV Platonov, NG TI Spatial and temporal multiyear sea ice distributions in the Arctic: A neural network analysis of SSM/I data, 1988-2001 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Review DE SSM/I; ERS; Okean; passive microwave; multiyear; sea ice ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; CLIMATE MODEL SENSITIVITY; SENSOR MICROWAVE IMAGER; PASSIVE-MICROWAVE; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; FRAM STRAIT; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; SURFACE TEMPERATURES; POLAR AMPLIFICATION AB [1] Arctic multiyear sea ice concentration maps for January 1988 - 2001 were generated from SSM/I brightness temperatures (19H, 19V, and 37V) using modified multiple layer perceptron neural networks. Learning data for the neural networks were extracted from ice maps derived from Okean and ERS satellite imagery to capitalize on the stability of active radar multiyear ice signatures. Evaluations of three learning algorithms and several topologies indicated that networks constructed with error back propagation learning and 3-20-1 topology produced the most consistent and physically plausible results. Operational neural networks were developed specifically with January learning data, and then used to estimate daily multiyear ice concentrations from daily-averaged SSM/I brightness temperatures during January. Monthly mean maps were produced for analysis by averaging the respective daily estimates. The 14-year series of January multiyear ice distributions revealed dense and persistent cover in the central Arctic surrounded by expansive regions of highly fluctuating interannual cover. Estimates of total multiyear ice area by the neural network were intermediate to those of other passive microwave algorithms, but annual fluctuations and trends were similar among all algorithms. When compared to Radarsat estimates of multiyear ice concentration in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas ( 1997 - 1999), average discrepancies were small (0.9 - 2.5%) and spatial coherency was reasonable, indicating the neural network's Okean and ERS learning data facilitated passive microwave inversion that emulated backscatter signatures. During 1988 - 2001, total January multiyear ice area declined at a significant linear rate of - 54.3 x 10(3) km(2) yr(-1) (- 1.4% yr(-1)). The most persistent and extensive decline in multiyear ice concentration (-3.3% yr(-1)) occurred in the southern Beaufort and Chukchi Seas. In autumn 1996, a large multiyear ice recruitment of over 10 6 km 2 ( mostly in the Siberian Arctic) fully replenished the previous 8-year decline in total area, but it was followed by an accelerated and compensatory decline during the subsequent 4 years. Seventy-five percent of the interannual variation in January multiyear sea ice area was explained by linear regression on two atmospheric parameters: the previous winter's (JFM) Arctic Oscillation index as a proxy to melt duration and the previous year's average sea level pressure gradient across the Fram Strait as a proxy to annual ice export. Consecutive year changes ( 1994 - 2001) in January multiyear ice volume were significantly correlated with duration of the intervening melt season (R-2 = 0.73, -80.0 km(3) d(-1)), emphasizing a large thermodynamic influence on the Arctic's mass sea ice balance during summers with anomalous melt durations. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Ecol, Space Monitoring & Ecoinformat Syst Sector, Moscow 119071, Russia. US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau Field Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Russian Acad Sci, Inst Ecol, Space Monitoring & Ecoinformat Syst Sector, Leninsky Prospect 33, Moscow 119071, Russia. EM belchans@eimb.ru; david_douglas@usgs.gov NR 108 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT 30 PY 2004 VL 109 IS C10 AR C10017 DI 10.1029/2004JC002388 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 868AB UT WOS:000224883100005 ER PT J AU Gartner, JW AF Gartner, JW TI Estimating suspended solids concentrations from backscatter intensity measured by acoustic Doppler current profiler in San Francisco Bay, California SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE suspended solids concentration; acoustic backscatter intensity; acoustic Doppler current profiler; San Francisco Bay, California ID SEDIMENT CONCENTRATION; FIELD; SIZE; ENVIRONMENT; SUSPENSION; WATER AB The estimation of mass concentration of suspended solids is one of the properties needed to understand the characteristics of sediment transport in bays and estuaries. However, useful measurements or estimates of this property are often problematic when employing the usual methods of determination from collected water samples or optical sensors. Analysis of water samples tends to undersample the highly variable character of suspended solids, and optical sensors often become useless from biological fouling in highly productive regions. Acoustic sensors, such as acoustic Doppler current profilers that are now routinely used to measure water velocity, have been shown to hold promise as a means of quantitatively estimating suspended solids from acoustic backscatter intensity, a parameter used in velocity measurement. To further evaluate application of this technique using commercially available instruments, profiles of suspended solids concentrations are estimated from acoustic backscatter intensity recorded by 1200- and 2400-kHz broadband acoustic Doppler current profilers located at two sites in San Francisco Bay, California. ADCP backscatter intensity is calibrated using optical backscatterance data from an instrument located at a depth close to the ADCP transducers. In addition to losses from spherical spreading and water absorption, calculations of acoustic transmission losses account for attenuation from suspended sediment and correction for nonspherical spreading in the near field of the acoustic transducer. Acoustic estimates of suspended solids consisting of cohesive and noncohesive sediments are found to agree within about 8-10% (of the total range of concentration) to those values estimated by a second optical backscatterance sensor located at a depth further from the ADCP transducers. The success of this approach using commercially available Doppler profilers provides promise that this technique might be appropriate and useful under certain conditions in spite of some theoretical limitations of the method. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights. reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Water Resources Div, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Gartner, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Water Resources Div, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jgartner@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 94 Z9 99 U1 4 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD OCT 30 PY 2004 VL 211 IS 3-4 BP 169 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2004.07.001 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 867OL UT WOS:000224851800001 ER PT J AU Grippa, M Mognard, N Le Toan, T Josberger, EG AF Grippa, M Mognard, N Le Toan, T Josberger, EG TI Siberia snow depth climato logy derived from SSM/I data using a combined dynamic and static algorithm SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; snow depth; snow metamorphism; microwave radiometry ID DENSE MEDIA AB One of the major challenges in determining snow depth (SD) from passive microwave measurements is to take into account the spatiotemporal variations of the snow grain size. Static algorithms based on a constant snow grain size cannot provide accurate estimates of snow pack thickness, particularly over large regions where the snow pack is subjected to big spatial temperature variations. A recent dynamic algorithm that accounts for the dependence of the microwave scattering on the snow grain size has been developed to estimate snow depth from the Special Sensor Microwave/imager (SSM/I) over the Northern Great Plains (NGP) in the US. In this paper, we develop a combined dynamic and static algorithm to estimate snow depth from 13 years of SSM/I observations over Central Siberia. This region is characterised by extremely cold surface air temperatures and by the presence of permafrost that significantly affects the ground temperature. The dynamic algorithm is implemented to take into account these effects and it yields accurate snow depths early in the winter, when thin snowpacks combine with cold air temperatures to generate rapid crystal growth. However, it is not applicable later in the winter when the grain size growth slows. Combining the dynamic algorithm to a static algorithm, with a temporally constant but spatially varying coefficient, we obtain reasonable snow depth estimates throughout the entire snow season. Validation is carried out by comparing the satellite snow depth monthly averages to monthly climatological data. We show that the location of the snow depth maxima and minima is improved when applying the combined algorithm, since its dynamic portion explicitly incorporate the thermal gradient through the snowpack. The results obtained are presented and evaluated for five different vegetation zones of Central Siberia. Comparison with in situ measurements is also shown and discussed. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Etud Spatiales BIOsphere, F-31401 Toulouse 9, France. US Geol Survey, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. RP Grippa, M (reprint author), Ctr Etud Spatiales BIOsphere, 18 Edouard Belin bpi 2801, F-31401 Toulouse 9, France. EM manuela.grippa@cesbio.cnes.fr NR 28 TC 29 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD OCT 30 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 1-2 BP 30 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2004.06.012 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 859UW UT WOS:000224294400003 ER PT J AU Hauksson, E Oppenheimer, D Brocher, TM AF Hauksson, E Oppenheimer, D Brocher, TM TI Imaging the source region of the 2003 San Simeon earthquake within the weak Franciscan subduction complex, central California SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; SEISMICITY; FAULT; TECTONICS; BENEATH; FLUIDS; RANGES AB Data collected from the 2003 Mw6.5 San Simeon earthquake sequence in central California and a 1986 seismic refraction experiment demonstrate that the weak Franciscan subduction complex suffered brittle failure in a region without significant velocity contrast across a slip plane. Relocated hypocenters suggest a spatial relationship between the seismicity and the Oceanic fault, although blind faulting on a nearby, unknown fault is an equally plausible alternative. The aftershock volume is sandwiched between the Nacimiento and Oceanic faults and is characterized by rocks of low compressional velocity (Vp) abutted to the east and west by rocks of higher Vp. This volume of inferred Franciscan rocks is embedded within the larger Santa Lucia anticline. Pore fluids, whose presence is implied by elevated Vp/Vs values, may locally decrease normal stress and limit the aftershock depth distribution between 3 to 10 km within the hanging wall. The paucity of aftershocks along the mainshock rupture surface may reflect either the absence of a damage zone or an almost complete stress drop within the low Vp or weak rock matrix surrounding the mainshock rupture. C1 CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hauksson, E (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM hauksson@gps.caltech.edu OI Brocher, Thomas/0000-0002-9740-839X; Oppenheimer, David/0000-0002-6569-3640; Hauksson, Egill/0000-0002-6834-5051 NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 29 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 20 AR L20607 DI 10.1029/2004GL021049 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 867ZK UT WOS:000224881400004 ER PT J AU Fayer, R Lindsay, D Olson, ME Appelbee, A Measures, L Cole, RA Dubey, JP Thomas, NJ Miller, M Conrad, P Gardner, I Kreuder, C Mazet, J Jessup, D Dodd, E Harris, M Ames, J Worcester, K Paradies, D Grigg, M Lewis, EJ Trout, JM Xiao, L Howard, DW Palmer, R Ludwig, K Tyler, SS AF Fayer, R Lindsay, D Olson, ME Appelbee, A Measures, L Cole, RA Dubey, JP Thomas, NJ Miller, M Conrad, P Gardner, I Kreuder, C Mazet, J Jessup, D Dodd, E Harris, M Ames, J Worcester, K Paradies, D Grigg, M Lewis, EJ Trout, JM Xiao, L Howard, DW Palmer, R Ludwig, K Tyler, SS TI Zoonotic protozoa in the marine environment: a threat to aquatic mammals and public health SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Conference of the World-Association-for-the-Advancement-of-Veterinary-Parasitology CY AUG 10-14, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP World Assoc Advancement Vet Parasitol DE Toxoplasma; Giardia; Cryptosporidium; shellfish; oysters; mussels; pinnipeds; seals; whales; sea; otters; epidemiology; detection ID ENHYDRA-LUTRIS-NEREIS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM OOCYSTS; OYSTERS CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; CHESAPEAKE BAY; GIARDIASIS; WATER AB This collection of abstracts provides an account of four presentations at the 19th International Conference of the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP) (held in New Orleans, LA, USA from 10-14 August 2003) in a symposium session on zoonotic protozoan parasites found in the marine environment and chaired by Ronald Fayer and David Lindsay. The focus was on three genera of parasites of veterinary and public health concern-Toxoplasma, Giardia, and Ctyptosporiditan with emphasis on their epidemiology in the marine environment. C1 USDA, Anim Waste Pathogen Lab, Agr Res Stn, ANRI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA. Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Maurice Lamontagne Inst, Mont Joli, PQ G5H 3Z4, Canada. NWHC, USGS, Madison, WI USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA USA. CDFG, Santa Cruz, CA USA. Water Qual Board, San Luis Obispo, CA USA. Stanford Med Sch, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP Fayer, R (reprint author), USDA, Anim Waste Pathogen Lab, Agr Res Stn, ANRI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rfayer@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Mazet, Jonna/B-4811-2012; Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD OCT 28 PY 2004 VL 125 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 131 EP 135 DI 10.1016/vetpar.2004.05.009 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 866QW UT WOS:000224789000009 ER PT J AU Basagaoglu, H Green, CT Meakin, P McCoy, BJ AF Basagaoglu, H Green, CT Meakin, P McCoy, BJ TI Lattice-Boltzmann simulation of coalescence-driven island coarsening SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BUBBLY SUSPENSIONS; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; GROWTH; DYNAMICS; EQUATION; MODEL; FILMS; KINETICS; SYSTEMS; AGGREGATION AB A two-dimensional lattice-Boltzmann model (LBM) with fluid-fluid interactions was used to simulate first-order phase separation in a thin fluid film. The intermediate asymptotic time dependence of the mean island size, island number concentration, and polydispersity were determined and compared with the predictions of the distribution-kinetics model. The comparison revealed that the combined effects of growth, coalescence, and Ostwald ripening control the phase transition process in the LBM simulations. However, the overall process is dominated by coalescence, which is independent of island mass. As the phase transition advances, the mean island size increases, the number of islands decrease, and the polydispersity approaches unity, which conforms to the predictions of the distribution-kinetics model. The effects of the domain size on the intermediate asymptotic island size distribution, scaling form of the island size distribution, and the crossover to the long-term asymptotic behavior were elucidated. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Basagaoglu, H (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 22 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 16 BP 7987 EP 7995 DI 10.1063/1.1804158 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 861ZF UT WOS:000224456500051 PM 15485261 ER PT J AU Romero-Brey, I Batts, WN Bandin, I Winton, JR Dopazo, CP AF Romero-Brey, I Batts, WN Bandin, I Winton, JR Dopazo, CP TI Molecular characterization of birnaviruses isolated from wild marine fishes at the Flemish Cap (Newfoundland) SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE wild fishes; birnavirus; aquabirnavirus; IPNV ID PANCREATIC NECROSIS VIRUS; HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA VIRUS; GENOME SEGMENT-A; BURSAL DISEASE VIRUS; AQUATIC BIRNAVIRUSES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; FINE-STRUCTURE; NORTH-SEA AB Several isolates of aquatic birnaviruses were recovered from different species of wild fish caught in the Flemish Cap, a Newfoundland fishery close to the Atlantic coast of Canada. The nucleotide sequence of a region of the NS gene was identical among the isolates and was most similar to the Dry Mills and West Buxton reference strains of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV). Phylogenetic analysis of the sequence of a region of the VP2 gene demonstrated that the isolates were most closely aligned with the American strains of IPNV serotype A1. Electron microscopy of virus structures clarified and concentrated from cultures of infected chinook salmon embryo (CHSE-214) cells revealed a majority of typical IPNV-Iike icosahedral particles, as well as a low proportion of type I tubules having a diameter of approximately 55 nm and a variable length of up to 2 mum. The tubules could be propagated in cell cultures, but always in the presence of low proportions of icosahedral particles. Cloning of selected isolates by serial dilution yielded preparations with a high proportion of the tubular structures with a density in CsCl gradients of approximately 1.30 g cm(-3). poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the material in the band was composed of the IPNV pVP2 and VP2 proteins. C1 Univ Santiago de Compostela, Unidade Ictiopatoloxia, Dept Microbioloxia & Parasitoloxia, Inst Acuicultura, Santiago De Compostela 15782, Spain. US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Dopazo, CP (reprint author), Univ Santiago de Compostela, Unidade Ictiopatoloxia, Dept Microbioloxia & Parasitoloxia, Inst Acuicultura, Santiago De Compostela 15782, Spain. EM mpdopazo@usc.es RI Dopazo, Carlos/K-6186-2014; Bandin, Isabel/K-6542-2014 OI Bandin, Isabel/0000-0002-1947-5933 NR 61 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD OCT 21 PY 2004 VL 61 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.3354/dao061001 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 883WC UT WOS:000226045400001 PM 15584405 ER PT J AU Rhodes, MW Kator, H Kaattari, I Gauthier, D Vogelbein, W Ottinger, CA AF Rhodes, MW Kator, H Kaattari, I Gauthier, D Vogelbein, W Ottinger, CA TI Isolation and characterization of mycobacteria from striped bass Morone saxatilis from the Chesapeake Bay SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Mycobacteriosis; fish disease; striped bass; Morone saxatilis; Mycobacterium marinum; Mycobacterium shottsii ID NONTUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIA; DECONTAMINATION METHODS; MORAY EELS; SP-NOV.; TRIPLEX; IDENTIFICATION; LESIONS; FISH; FORTUITUM; RECOVERY AB Mycobacteriosis in striped bass Morone saxatilis of Chesapeake Bay, USA, was first diagnosed in 1997 based on the presence of granulomatous inflammation and acid-fast bacteria in skin and spleen. To confirm histopathology, bacteriological detection and identification of mycobacteria were begun using splenic tissue from fish with and without skin ulcerations. On the basis of initial studies using a variety of selective and nonselective media, decontamination, homogenization and incubation conditions, a simple and quantitative recovery method using aseptic necropsy of splenic tissue was developed. Optimal recovery was obtained by spread-plating homogenates on Middlebrook 7H10 agar with incubation for 3 mo at 23degreesC. Mycobacteria were recovered from 76% (n = 149/196) of fish examined, Mycobacterial densities exceeded 104 colony forming units (.) g tissue(-1) in 38% Of samples (n = 63/168) that were examined using a quantitative approach. The most frequently recovered mycobacterium, present in 57% (n = 109/192) of characterized samples, was the recently named new species Mycobacterium shottsii, Polyinfections of M shottsii and other mycobacteria were observed in 25% of samples (n = 47/192) with densities of M. shottsii usually I or more orders of magnitude higher than co-isolate(s). Other mycobacteria recovered included isolates that, based on phenotypic traits, resembled M interjectum, M. marinum, M scrofulaceum, M. szulgai and M triplex. M marinum, commonly associated with fish mycobacteriosis and human disease, was recovered infrequently (3%, n = 6/192). The presence of multiple mycobacterial types occurring at high densities suggests that a variety of mycobacteria could be causative agents of mycobacteriosis in striped bass from the Chesapeake Bay. Striped bass is the major recreational fish species in the Chesapeake Bay, and the significance of the current epizootic to human health and the potential adverse effects on fish stocks are not known. C1 Coll William & Mary, Dept Environm & Aquat Anim Hlth, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Rhodes, MW (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Environm & Aquat Anim Hlth, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM martha@vims.edu OI Ottinger, Christopher/0000-0003-2551-1985 NR 50 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 3 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD OCT 21 PY 2004 VL 61 IS 1-2 BP 41 EP 51 DI 10.3354/dao061041 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 883WC UT WOS:000226045400005 PM 15584409 ER PT J AU Turnipseed, AA Anderson, DE Burns, S Blanken, PD Monson, RK AF Turnipseed, AA Anderson, DE Burns, S Blanken, PD Monson, RK TI Airflows and turbulent flux measurements in mountainous terrain Part 2: Mesoscale effects SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE ameriflux; complex terrain; mountain circulations; rotor winds; lee-side convergence zone; mountain waves; stationarity; energy balance ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; WATER-VAPOR; INTERMITTENT TURBULENCE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; BOREAL FOREST; GRAVITY-WAVES; CIRCULATIONS; AIRCRAFT; SURFACE; ATMOSPHERE AB The location of the Niwot Ridge Ameriflux site within the rocky mountains subjects it to airflows which are common in mountainous terrain. In this study, we examine the effects of some of these mesoscale features on local turbulent flux measurements', most notably, the formation of valley/mountain flows and mountain lee-side waves. The valley/mountain flows created local non-stationarities in the wind flow caused by the passage of a lee-side convergence zone (LCZ) in which upslope and downslope flows met in the vicinity of the measurement tower. During June-August, 2001, possible lee-side convergences were flagged for similar to26% of all half-hour daytime flux measurement periods. However, there was no apparent loss of flux during these periods. On some relatively stable, summer nights, turbulence (designated via a,,), and scalar fluctuations (temperature and CO2, for example) exhibited periodicities that appeared congruent with passage of low frequency gravity waves (tau similar to 20 min). Spectral peaks at 0.0008 Hz (20 min) in both vertical velocity and scalar spectra were observed and indicated that 25-50% of the total scalar covariances were accounted for by the low frequency waves. During some periods of strong westerly winds (predominantly in winter), large mountain gravity waves were observed to form. Typically, the flux tower resided within a region of downslope "shooting flow", which created high turbulence, but had no detrimental effect on local flux measurements based on valid turbulence statistics and nearly complete energy budget closure. Periodically, we found evidence for re-circulating, rotor winds in the simultaneous time series of wind data from the Ameriflux tower site and a second meteorological site situated 8 km upslope and to the West. Only 14% of the half-hour time periods that we examined for a 4 month period in the winter of 2000-2001 indicated the possible existence of rotor winds. On average, energy budget closure was similar to20% less during periods with rotor occurrence compared to those without. Results from this study demonstrate that the potential exists for relatively rare, yet significant influences of mesoscale wind flow patterns on the local half-hour flux measurements at this site. Occurrence of these events could be detected through examination of normal turbulence statistical parameters. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Environm Populat & Organism Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Turnipseed, AA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Environm Populat & Organism Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM turnip@ucar.edu RI Burns, Sean/A-9352-2008; OI Burns, Sean/0000-0002-6258-1838; BLANKEN, PETER/0000-0002-7405-2220 NR 44 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD OCT 20 PY 2004 VL 125 IS 3-4 BP 187 EP 205 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2004.04.007 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 864HR UT WOS:000224625100002 ER PT J AU Peters, DPC Pielke, RA Bestelmeyer, BT Allen, CD Munson-McGee, S Havstad, KM AF Peters, DPC Pielke, RA Bestelmeyer, BT Allen, CD Munson-McGee, S Havstad, KM TI Cross-scale interactions, nonlinearities, and forecasting catastrophic events SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SPREAD; VARIABILITY; VEGETATION; ECOSYSTEMS; FEEDBACKS; DYNAMICS; ECOLOGY; DISEASE; MODELS AB Catastrophic events share characteristic nonlinear behaviors that are often generated by cross-scale interactions and feedbacks among system elements. These events result in surprises that cannot easily be predicted based on information obtained at a single scale. Progress on catastrophic events has focused on one of the following two areas: nonlinear dynamics through time without an explicit consideration of spatial connectivity [Holling, C. S. (1992) EcoL Monogr. 62, 447-502] or spatial connectivity and the spread of contagious processes without a consideration of cross-scale interactions and feedbacks [Zeng, N., Neeling, J. D., Lau, L. M. & Tucker, C. J. (1999) Science 286, 1537-1540]. These approaches rarely have ventured beyond traditional disciplinary boundaries. We provide an interdisciplinary, conceptual, and general mathematical framework for understanding and forecasting nonlinear dynamics through time and across space. We illustrate the generality and usefulness of our approach by using new data and recasting published data from ecology (wildfires and desertification), epidemiology (infectious diseases), and engineering (structural failures). We show that decisions that minimize the likelihood of catastrophic events must be based on cross-scale interactions, and such decisions will often be counterintuitive. Given the continuing challenges associated with global change, approaches that cross disciplinary boundaries to include interactions and feedbacks at multiple scales are needed to increase our ability to predict catastrophic events and develop strategies for minimizing their occurrence and impacts. Our framework is an important step in developing predictive tools and designing experiments to examine cross-scale interactions. C1 New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Ecol Sci Ctr, Jemez Mt Field Stn, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Peters, DPC (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Box 30003,MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM debpeter@nmsu.edu RI Pielke, Roger/A-5015-2009 NR 50 TC 217 Z9 227 U1 7 U2 83 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 19 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 42 BP 15130 EP 15135 DI 10.1073/pnas.0403822101 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 865FT UT WOS:000224688700029 PM 15469919 ER PT J AU Petersen, MD Rastogi, BK Schweig, ES Harmsen, SC Gomberg, JS AF Petersen, MD Rastogi, BK Schweig, ES Harmsen, SC Gomberg, JS TI Sensitivity analysis of seismic hazard for the northwestern portion of the state of Gujarat, India SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IAGA-IASPEI Joint Scientific Assembly CY AUG, 2001 CL Hanoi, VIETNAM SP IAGA, IASPEI DE seismic hazard; magnitude; Gujarat, India ID 7.7 BHUJ EARTHQUAKE; 26 JANUARY 2001; DEFORMATION; REGIONS AB We test the sensitivity of seismic hazard to three fault source models for the northwestern portion of Gujarat, India. The models incorporate different characteristic earthquake magnitudes on three faults with individual recurrence intervals of either 800 or 1600 years. These recurrence intervals imply that large earthquakes Occur on one of these faults every 266-533 years, similar to the rate of historic large earthquakes in this region during the past two centuries and for earthquakes in intraplate environments like the New Madrid region in the central United States. If one assumes a recurrence interval of 800 years for large earthquakes on each of three local faults, the peak ground accelerations (PGA; horizontal) and 1-Hz spectral acceleration ground motions (5% damping) are greater than 1 g over a broad region for a 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years' hazard level. These probabilistic PGAs at this hazard level are similar to median deterministic ground motions. The PGAs for 10% in 50 years' hazard level are considerably lower, generally ranging between 0.2 g and 0.7 g across northwestern Gujarat. Ground motions calculated from our models that consider fault interevent times of 800 years are considerably higher than other published models even though they imply similar recurrence intervals. These higher ground motions are mainly caused by the application of intraplate attenuation relations, which account for less severe attenuation of seismic waves when compared to the crustal interplate relations used in these previous studies. For sites in Bhuj and Ahmedabad, magnitude (M) 7 3/4 earthquakes contribute most to the PGA and the 0.2- and 1-s spectral acceleration ground motion maps at the two considered hazard levels. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USGS MS966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Petersen, MD (reprint author), USGS MS966, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM mpetersen@usgs.gov NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD OCT 18 PY 2004 VL 390 IS 1-4 BP 105 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.tecto.2003.06.004 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 870JI UT WOS:000225053000008 ER PT J AU Petersen, MD Dewey, J Hartzell, S Mueller, C Harmsen, S Frankel, AD Rukstales, K AF Petersen, MD Dewey, J Hartzell, S Mueller, C Harmsen, S Frankel, AD Rukstales, K TI Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis for Sumatra, Indonesia and across the Southern Malaysian Peninsula SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IAGA/IASPEI Joint Scientific Meeting CY AUG 18-30, 2001 CL HANOI, VIETNAM DE seismic hazard; Sumatra, Indonesia; Southern Malaysian Peninsula ID CORAL MICROATOLLS; GROUND-MOTION; FORE-ARC; FAULT; EARTHQUAKE; SLIP; DEFORMATION; SYSTEM AB The ground motion hazard for Sumatra and the Malaysian peninsula is calculated in a probabilistic framework, using procedures developed for the US National Seismic Hazard Maps. We constructed regional earthquake source models and used standard published and modified attenuation equations to calculate peak ground acceleration at 2% and 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years for rock site conditions. We developed or modified earthquake catalogs and declustered these catalogs to include only independent earthquakes. The resulting catalogs were used to define four source zones that characterize earthquakes in four tectonic environments: subduction zone interface earthquakes, subduction zone deep intraslab earthquakes, strike-slip transform earthquakes, and intraplate earthquakes. The recurrence rates and sizes of historical earthquakes on known faults and across zones were also determined from this modified catalog. In addition to the source zones, our seismic source model considers two major faults that are known historically to generate large earthquakes: the Sumatran subduction zone and the Sumatran transform fault. Several published studies were used to describe earthquakes along these faults during historical and pre-historical time, as well as to identify segmentation models of faults. Peak horizontal ground accelerations were calculated using ground motion prediction relations that were developed from seismic data obtained from the crustal interplate environment, crustal intraplate environment, along the subduction zone interface, and front deep intraslab earthquakes. Most of these relations, however, have not been developed for large distances that are needed for calculating the hazard across the Malaysian peninsula, and none were developed for earthquake ground motions generated in an interplate tectonic environment that are propagated into an intraplate tectonic environment. For the interplate and intraplate crustal earthquakes, we have applied ground-motion prediction relations that are consistent with California (interplate) and India (intraplate) strong motion data that we collected for distances beyond 200 km. For the subduction zone equations, we recognized that the published relationships at large distances were not consistent with global earthquake data that we collected and modified the relations to be compatible with the global subduction zone ground motions. In this analysis, we have used alternative source and attenuation models and weighted them to account for our uncertainty in which model is most appropriate for Sumatra or for the Malaysian peninsula. The resulting peak horizontal ground accelerations for 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years range from over 100% g to about 10% g across Sumatra and generally less than 20% g across most of the Malaysian peninsula. The ground motions at 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years are typically about 60% of the ground motions derived for a hazard level at 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years. The largest contributors to hazard are from the Sumatran faults. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, USGM MS966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP US Geol Survey, USGM MS966, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM mpetersen@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 EI 1879-3266 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD OCT 18 PY 2004 VL 390 IS 1-4 BP 141 EP 158 DI 10.1016/j.tecto.2004.03.026 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 870JI UT WOS:000225053000011 ER PT J AU Tanner, JG Shedlock, KM AF Tanner, JG Shedlock, KM TI Seismic hazard maps of Mexico, the Caribbean, and Central and South America SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IAGA-IASPEI Joint Scientific Assembly CY AUG, 2001 CL Hanoi, VIETNAM SP IAGA, IASPEI DE seismic hazard; plate boundary; peak ground acceleration; ground motion ID EARTHQUAKES; SUBDUCTION AB The growth of megacities in seismically active regions around the world often includes the construction of seismically unsafe buildings and infrastructures due to an insufficient knowledge of existing seismic hazard and/or economic constraints. Minimization of the loss of life, property damage, and social and economic disruption due to earthquakes depends on reliable estimates of seismic hazard. We have produced a suite of seismic hazard estimates for Mexico, the Caribbean, and Central and South America. One of the preliminary maps in this suite served as the basis for the Caribbean and Central and South America portion of the Global Seismic Hazard Map (GSHM) published in 1999, which depicted peak ground acceleration (pga) with a 10% chance of exceedance in 50 years for rock sites. Herein we present maps depicting pga and 0.2 and 1.0 s spectral accelerations (SA) with 50%, 10%, and 2% chances of exceedance in 50 years for rock sites. The seismicity catalog used in the generation of these maps adds 3 more years of data to those used to calculate the GSH Map. Different attenuation functions (consistent with those used to calculate the U.S. and Canadian maps) were used as well. These nine maps are designed to assist in global risk mitigation by providing a general seismic hazard framework and serving as a resource for any national or regional agency to help focus further detailed studies required for regional/local needs. The largest seismic hazard values in Mexico, the Caribbean, and Central and South America generally occur in areas that have been, or are likely to be, the sites of the largest plate boundary earthquakes. High hazard values occur in areas where sit allow-to-intermediate seismicity occurs frequently. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA. RP Shedlock, KM (reprint author), Natl Sci Fdn, 4201 Wilson Blvd,Room 785, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. EM kshedloc@nsf.gov NR 29 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD OCT 18 PY 2004 VL 390 IS 1-4 BP 159 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.tecto.2004.03.033 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 870JI UT WOS:000225053000012 ER PT J AU Squillace, PJ Moran, MJ Price, CV AF Squillace, PJ Moran, MJ Price, CV TI VOCs in shallow groundwater in new residential/commercial areas of the United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATER; QUALITY AB The quality of shallow groundwater in urban areas was investigated by sampling 518 monitoring wells between 1996 and 2002 as part of the National Water-Duality Assessment Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. Well networks were installed primarily in new residential/commercial areas less than about 30 years old (17 studies) and in small towns (2 studies) by randomly locating as many as 30 monitoring wells in each study area. The median well depth was 10 m. Based on samples with age-date information, almost all groundwater was recharged after 1950. Samples were analyzed for 53 volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Concentrations ranged from about 0.001 to 1000 mug/L (median 0.04), with less than 1% of the samples exceeding a Maximum Contamination Level or Drinking Water Advisory established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Using uncensored concentration data, at least one VOC was detected in 88% of the samples, and at least two VOCs were detected in 69% of the samples. Chloroform, toluene, and perchloroethene were the three most frequently detected VOCs. Dissolved oxygen concentration, estimated recharge index, and land-use were significant variables in logistic regression models that explained the presence of the commonly detected VOCs. Dissolved oxygen concentration was the most important explanatory variable in logistic regression models for 6 of the 14 most frequently detected VOCs. Bromodichloromethane, chloroform, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane had a positive correlation with dissolved oxygen; in contrast, dichloroethane, benzene, and toluene had a negative correlation with dissolved oxygen. C1 US Geol Survey, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. RP Squillace, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1608 Mt View Rd, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. EM pjsquill@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 20 BP 5327 EP 5338 DI 10.1021/es0349756 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 862VO UT WOS:000224519500016 PM 15543733 ER PT J AU Chen, LM Driscoll, CT Gbondo-Tugbawa, S Mitchell, MJ Murdoch, PS AF Chen, LM Driscoll, CT Gbondo-Tugbawa, S Mitchell, MJ Murdoch, PS TI The application of an integrated biogeochemical model (PnET-BGC) to five forested watersheds in the Adirondack and Catskill regions of New York SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Interrelationships between Atmospheric Deposition and Landscape Features of Forest Catchments in Regulating Surface Water Biogeochemistry CY MAY 29-JUN 02, 2001 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Geophys Union DE acidic deposition; modelling; Adirondacks; Catskills; acid neutralizing capacity ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FORESTS; BROOK EXPERIMENTAL FOREST; LAND-USE HISTORY; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; HUNTINGTON FOREST; DECIDUOUS STANDS; TURKEY LAKES AB PnET-BGC is an integrated biogeochemical model formulated to simulate the response of soil and surface waters in northern forest ecosystems to changes in atmospheric deposition and land disturbances. In this study, the model was applied to five intensive study sites in the Adirondack and Catskill regions of New York. Four were in the Adirondacks: Constable Pond, an acid-sensitive watershed; Arbutus Pond, a relatively insensitive watershed; West Pond, an acid-sensitive watershed with extensive wetland coverage; and Willy's Pond, an acid-sensitive watershed with a mature forest. The fifth was Catskills: Biscuit Brook, an acid-sensitive watershed. Results indicated model-simulated surface water chemistry generally agreed with the measured data at all five sites. Model-simulated internal fluxes of major elements at the Arbutus watershed compared well with previously published measured values. In addition, based on the simulated fluxes, element and acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) budgets were developed for each site. Sulphur budgets at each site indicated little retention of inputs of sulphur. The sites also showed considerable variability in retention of NO3-. Land-disturbance history and in-lake processes were found to be important in regulating the output of NO3- via surface waters. Deposition inputs of base cations were generally similar at these sites. Various rates of base cation outputs reflected differences in rates of base cation supply at these sites. Atmospheric deposition was found to be the largest source of acidity, and cation exchange, mineral weathering and in-lake processes served as sources of ANC. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. TAMS Consultants Inc, Bloomfield, NJ 07003 USA. SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Chen, LM (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 220 Hinds Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. EM lchen05@syr.edu RI Driscoll, Charles/F-9832-2014; OI Driscoll, Charles/0000-0003-2692-2890 NR 61 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 18 IS 14 BP 2631 EP 2650 DI 10.1002/hyp.5571 PG 20 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 864AB UT WOS:000224603800003 ER PT J AU Pardo, LH Kendall, C Pett-Ridge, J Chang, CCY AF Pardo, LH Kendall, C Pett-Ridge, J Chang, CCY TI Evaluating the source of streamwater nitrate using delta N-15 and delta O-18 in nitrate in two watersheds in New Hampshire, USA SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Interrelationships between Atmospheric Deposition and Landscape Features of Forest Catchments in Regulating Surface Water Biogeochemistry CY MAY 29-JUN 02, 2001 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Geophys Union DE N-15; O-18; nitrate; nitrogen saturation ID NITROGEN DEPOSITION GRADIENT; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; HUBBARD-BROOK; SOIL-NITROGEN; NITROBACTER-AGILIS; FOLIAR CHEMISTRY; NEW-ENGLAND; N-15; OXYGEN AB The natural abundance of nitrogen and oxygen isotopes in nitrate can be a powerful tool for identifying the source of nitrate in streamwater in forested watersheds, because the two main sources of nitrate, atmospheric deposition and microbial nitrification, have distinct delta(18)O values. Using a simple mixing model, we estimated the relative fractions in streamwater derived from these sources for two forested watersheds with markedly different streamwater nitrate outputs. In this study, we monitored delta(15)N and delta(18)O of nitrate biweekly in atmospheric deposition and in streamwater for 20 months at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA (moderate nitrogen export), and monthly in streamwater at the Bowl Research Natural Area, New Hampshire, USA (high nitrogen export). For rain, delta(18)O values ranged from +47 to +77parts per thousand (mean: +58parts per thousand) and delta(15)N from -5 to +1parts per thousand (mean: -3parts per thousand); for snow, delta(18)O values ranged from +52 to +75parts per thousand (mean: +67parts per thousand) and delta(15)N from -3 to +2parts per thousand (mean: -1parts per thousand). Streamwater nitrate, in contrast to deposition, had delta(18)O values between +12 and +33parts per thousand (mean: +18parts per thousand) and delta(15)N between -3 and +6parts per thousand (mean: 0parts per thousand). Since nitrate produced by nitrification typically has delta(18)O values ranging from -5 to +15parts per thousand, our field data suggest that most of the nitrate lost from the watersheds in streamflow was nitrified within the catchment. Our results confirm the importance of microbial nitrogen transformations in regulating nitrogen losses from forested ecosystems and suggest that hydrologic storage may be a factor in controlling catchment nitrate losses. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pardo, LH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, POB 968, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. EM lpardo@fs.fed.us NR 64 TC 82 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 38 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 18 IS 14 BP 2699 EP 2712 DI 10.1002/hyp.5576 PG 14 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 864AB UT WOS:000224603800007 ER PT J AU Beaty, BB Neves, RJ AF Beaty, BB Neves, RJ TI Use of a natural river water flow-through culture system for rearing juvenile freshwater mussels (Bivalvia : Unionidae) and evaluation of the effects of substrate size, temperature, and stocking density SO AMERICAN MALACOLOGICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Unionidae; freshwater mussels; Villosa iris; flow-through aquaculture; juvenile mussels ID RAINBOW MUSSELS; SURVIVAL; SEDIMENT; GROWTH AB The feasibility of rearing juvenile freshwater mussels using a culture system supplied with natural river water was investigated. Newly transformed juvenile rainbow mussels (Villosa iris) were reared for approximately 90 days in a flow-through culture system designed to simulate a stream channel. A total of 755 juveniles were reared to at least 90 days old over the course of 3 years. Juveniles were placed in containers partially filled with sieved river substrate, providing both a feeding medium and some protection from physical disturbance. Substrate size and depth were evaluated for influences on growth and survival of juveniles. Juvenile mussels in smaller substrate (< 120 mu m) grew slightly larger than those in larger substrate (between 120 and 600 pm) during one trial (reaching 2.22 mm vs. 1.97 mm in length, respectively [p < 0.10] from a starting size of approximately 0.30 mm), with no difference in survival. Substrate depth, 5 mm or 20 mm, had no effect on either survival or growth. In all experiments, most juveniles were found in the loose, flocculent layer of sediment brought in by the river water. The season when rearing of juveniles was begun had a significant effect on growth and survival of the mussels. Growth and survival were best when rearing was initiated in June and declined as rearing began later in the summer. Differences in water temperature of the culture system explained much of this variation. Separate laboratory experiments suggested that juvenile mussels stopped growing at temperatures below 15 degrees C. When growth data were normalized for degree-days above 15 C, most of the variability in growth was explained (R-2 = 0.88, p < 0.001). The use of an in situ culture system with river water was shown to be feasible, but seasonal variables must be accommodated. C1 Nature Conservancy, Clinch Valley Program, Abingdon, VA 24210 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Beaty, BB (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, Clinch Valley Program, 146 E Main St, Abingdon, VA 24210 USA. EM bbeaty@tnc.org; mussel@vt.edu NR 16 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER MALACOLOGICAL SOC, INC PI WILMINGTON PA DELAWARE MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY, BOX 3937, WILMINGTON, DE 19807-0937 USA SN 0740-2783 J9 AM MALACOL BULL JI Am. Malacol. Bull. PD OCT 14 PY 2004 VL 19 IS 1-2 BP 15 EP 23 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 945AV UT WOS:000230473600002 ER PT J AU Griffiths, PG Webb, RH Melis, TS AF Griffiths, PG Webb, RH Melis, TS TI Frequency and initiation of debris flows in Grand Canyon, Arizona SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article DE debris flows; mass wasting; geomorphology; Grand Canyon; Colorado river ID COLORADO RIVER AB Debris flows from 740 tributaries transport sediment into the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, Arizona, creating rapids that control its longitudinal profile. Debris flows mostly occur when runoff triggers failures in colluvium by a process termed "the fire hose effect.'' Debris flows originate from a limited number of geologic strata, almost exclusively shales or other clay-rich, fine-grained formations. Observations from 1984 through 2003 provide a 20 year record of all debris flows that reached the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, and repeat photography provides a 100 year record of debris flows from 147 tributaries. Observed frequencies are 5.1 events/year from 1984 to 2003, and historic frequencies are 5.0 events/year from 1890 to 1983. Logistic regression is used to model historic frequencies based on drainage basin parameters observed to control debris flow initiation and transport. From 5 to 7 of the 16 parameters evaluated are statistically significant, including drainage area, basin relief, and the height of and gradient below debris flow source areas, variables which reflect transport distance and potential energy. The aspect of the river channel, which at least partially reflects storm movement within the canyon, is also significant. Model results are used to calculate the probability of debris flow occurrence at the river over a century for all 740 tributaries. Owing to the variability of underlying geomorphic controls, the distribution of this probability is not uniform among tributaries of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon. C1 US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Griffiths, PG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1675 W Anklam Rd, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. EM pggriffiths@usgs.gov; rhwebb@usgs.gov; tsmelis@usgs.gov NR 47 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD OCT 13 PY 2004 VL 109 IS F4 AR F04002 DI 10.1029/2003JF000077 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 863RJ UT WOS:000224579100001 ER PT J AU Rostad, CE Leenheer, JA AF Rostad, CE Leenheer, JA TI Factors that affect molecular weight distribution of Suwannee river fulvic acid as determined by electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE fulvic acid; mass spectrometry; electrospray ionization; molecular weight ID PRESSURE CHEMICAL-IONIZATION; RESONANCE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; CHROMATOGRAPHY; FRAGMENTATION; RESOLUTION AB Effects of methylation, molar response, multiple charging, solvents, and positive and negative ionization on molecular weight distributions of aquatic fulvic acid were investigated by electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry. After preliminary analysis by positive and negative modes, samples and mixtures of standards were derivatized by methylation to minimize ionization sites and reanalyzed. Positive ionization was less effective and produced more complex spectra than negative ionization. Ionization in methanol/water produced greater response than in acetonitrile/water. Molar response varied widely for the selected free acid standards when analyzed individually and in a mixture, but after methylation this range decreased. After methylation, the number average molecular weight of the Suwannee River fulvic acid remained the same while the weight average molecular weight decreased. These differences are probably indicative of disaggregation of large aggregated ions during methylation. Since the weight average molecular weight decreased, it is likely that aggregate formation in the fulvic acid was present prior to derivatization, rather than multiple charging in the mass spectra. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Rostad, CE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,Bldg 95,MS 408, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM cerostad@usgs.gov NR 22 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD OCT 11 PY 2004 VL 523 IS 2 BP 269 EP 278 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2004.06.065 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 858BK UT WOS:000224164900017 ER PT J AU Hagstrum, JT Atwater, BF Sherrod, BL AF Hagstrum, JT Atwater, BF Sherrod, BL TI Paleomagnetic correlation of late Holocene earthquakes among estuaries in Washington and Oregon SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE estuarine mud; Pacific Northwest; paleomagnetism; paleosecular variation; paleoseismology; geomagnetism and paleomagnetism : paleomagnetic secular variation; geomagnetism and paleomagnetism : paleomagnetism applied to geologic processes; seismology : paleoseismology ID 1700 CASCADIA EARTHQUAKE; SUBDUCTION ZONE; NORTH-AMERICA; PUGET-SOUND; FORE-ARC; TSUNAMI; MAGNETIZATION; DEFORMATION; RUPTURE; RECORDS AB Paleomagnetic directions of estuarine mud provide additional evidence that individual earthquakes, or rapid series of earthquakes, caused widespread coseismic land-level changes during the past 2000 years in western Washington and Oregon. Most of the paleomagnetic measurements were made on mud dating from the first decades after coseismic subsidence from plate-boundary earthquakes at the Cascadia subduction zone. Mud deposited soon after the A. D. 1700 Cascadia earthquake has similar remanent directions among all five sites (k = 171) sampled along 80 km of Pacific coast between Grays Harbor and the mouth of the Columbia River. Likewise, internally consistent directions were obtained along this stretch of coast from mud deposited soon after a plate-boundary earthquake ( or earthquake series) in A. D. 340-410 and soon after another such event in A. D. 680-720. Also analyzed were remanent magnetizations of mud deposited shortly before ( or shortly after) land-level changes from seismicity in the North America plate beneath Puget Sound. A mean direction for sites on the Snohomish River delta, near Everett, from the time of an earthquake on the Seattle fault in A. D. 900-930 is statistically identical (95% confidence level) to a mean direction in mud that was uplifted in A. D. 800-1000 at potentially correlative sites near Tacoma and Olympia. The paleomagnetic direction from Everett for the upper-plate earthquake of A. D. 900-930 differs substantially from that for a plate-boundary earthquake in A. D. 810-1190. This difference implies that the upper-plate earthquake preceded the plate-boundary earthquake by a century or two on the basis of comparisons of their paleomagnetic poles with a previously reconstructed path of geomagnetic paleosecular variation in western North America. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Hagstrum, JT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jhag@usgs.gov; atwater@u.washington.edu; bsherrod@usgs.gov NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD OCT 5 PY 2004 VL 5 AR Q1001 DI 10.1029/2004GC000736 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 897WV UT WOS:000227037700001 ER PT J AU Watrud, LS Lee, EH Fairbrother, A Burdick, C Reichman, JR Bollman, M Storm, M King, G Van de Water, PK AF Watrud, LS Lee, EH Fairbrother, A Burdick, C Reichman, JR Bollman, M Storm, M King, G Van de Water, PK TI Evidence for landscape-level, pollen-mediated gene flow from genetically modified creeping bentgrass with CP4 EPSPS as a marker SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID STRATEGIES; DISPERSAL; TRAITS AB Sampling methods and results of a gene flow study are described that will be of interest to plant scientists, evolutionary biologists, ecologists, and stakeholders assessing the environmental safety of transgenic crops. This study documents gene flow on a landscape level from creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.), one of the first wind-pollinated, perennial, and highly outcrossing transgenic crops being developed for commercial use. Most of the gene flow occurred within 2 km in the direction of prevailing winds. The maximal gene flow distances observed were 21 km and 14 km in sentinel and resident plants, respectively, that were located in primarily nonagronomic habitats. The selectable marker used in these studies was the CP4 EPSPS gene derived from Agrobacterium spp. strain CP4 that encodes 5-enol-pyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase and confers resistance to glyphosate herbicide. Evidence for gene flow to 75 of 138 sentinel plants of A. stolonifera and to 29 of 69 resident Agrostis plants was based on seedling progeny survival after spraying with glyphosate in greenhouse assays and positive TraitChek, PCR, and sequencing results. Additional studies are needed to determine whether introgression will occur and whether it will affect the ecological fitness of progeny or the structure of plant communities in which transgenic progeny may become established. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Off Res & Dev, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Dynamac Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Watrud, LS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Off Res & Dev, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM watrud.lidia@epa.gov NR 41 TC 159 Z9 169 U1 3 U2 32 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 5 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 40 BP 14533 EP 14538 DI 10.1073/pnas.0405154101 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 860UR UT WOS:000224369600041 PM 15448206 ER PT J AU Aluru, N Jorgensen, EH Maule, AG Vijayan, MM AF Aluru, N Jorgensen, EH Maule, AG Vijayan, MM TI PCB disruption of the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal axis involves brain glucocorticoid receptor downregulation in anadromous Arctic charr SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Salvelinus alpinus; hsp90; hsp70; cortisol production; fish; salmonids; neurotoxicity ID RAINBOW-TROUT HEPATOCYTES; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; SALVELINUS-ALPINUS; CORTISOL; RESPONSES; DYNAMICS; CONTAMINANTS; METABOLISM; GROWTH; LIVER AB We examined whether brain glucocorticoid receptor (GR) modulation by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) was involved in the abnormal cortisol response to stress seen in anadromous Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). Fish treated with Aroclor 1254 (0, 1, 10, and 100 mg/kg body mass) were maintained for 5 mo without feeding in the winter to mimic their seasonal fasting cycle, whereas a fed group with 0 and 100 mg/kg Aroclor was maintained for comparison. Fasting elevated plasma cortisol levels and brain GR content but depressed heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) and interrenal cortisol production capacity. Exposure of fasted fish to Aroclor 1254 resulted in a dose-dependent increase in brain total PCB content. This accumulation in fish with high PCB dose was threefold higher in fasted fish compared with fed fish. PCBs depressed plasma cortisol levels but did not affect in vitro interrenal cortisol production capacity in fasted charr. At high PCB dose, the brain GR content was significantly lower in the fasted fish and this corresponded with a lower brain hsp70 and hsp90 content. The elevation of plasma cortisol levels and upregulation of brain GR content may be an important adaptation to extended fasting in anadromous Arctic charr, and this response was disrupted by PCBs. Taken together, the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal axis is a target for PCB impact during winter emaciation in anadromous Arctic charr. C1 Univ Waterloo, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Norwegian Coll Fishery Sci, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. US Geol Survey, Biol Res Discipline, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Vijayan, MM (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. EM mvijayan@uwaterloo.ca RI Aluru, Neelakanteswar/A-7237-2009 NR 33 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6119 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-REG I JI Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 287 IS 4 BP R787 EP R793 DI 10.1152/ajpregu.00091.2004 PG 7 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 854ES UT WOS:000223884500013 PM 15205182 ER PT J AU Horncastle, VJ Hellgren, EC Mayer, PM Engle, DM Leslie, DM AF Horncastle, VJ Hellgren, EC Mayer, PM Engle, DM Leslie, DM TI Differential consumption of eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana) by avian and mammalian guilds: Implications for tree invasion SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID POSTDISPERSAL SEED PREDATION; OLD-FIELDS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; BLUESTEM PRAIRIE; DISPERSAL; FOREST; VEGETATION; RODENTS; MICROHABITAT; COMMUNITIES AB Increased abundance and distribution of eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginianus), a native species in the Great Plains, has been associated with changes in ecosystem functioning and landscape cover. Knowledge of the main consumers and dispersal agents of eastern red cedar cones is essential to understanding the invasive spread of the species. We examined animal removal of cedar cones in three habitats (tallgrass prairie, eastern red cedar and woodland-prairie margins) in the Cross Timbers ecoregion using three exclosure treatments during autumn and winter. Exclosure treatments excluded study trees from ungulates, from terrestrial rodents and ungulates or from neither (control). Loss of cones from branches varied by a habitat-time interaction, but was not affected by exclosure type. Loss of cones from containers located under experimental trees varied by a habitat-treatment-time interaction. In December and January, Cone Consumption from containers in no-exclosure treatments was highest in margins, followed by tallgrass prairie and eastern red cedar habitats. We Conclude birds consumed the majority of cones from branches and small and medium-sized mammals Consumed cones on the ground. Both birds and mammals likely contribute to the spread of eastern red cedar but at different scales. Limiting invasion of eastern red cedar in forests may require early detection and selective removal of pioneer seedlings in cross timbers and other habitats that attract a high diversity or density of frugivores. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. US EPA, ORD, NRMRI, Ada, OK 74820 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Hellgren, EC (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM ehellgr@okstate.edu OI Hellgren, Eric/0000-0002-3870-472X NR 46 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 16 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 152 IS 2 BP 255 EP 267 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2004)152[0255:DCOERC]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 861FW UT WOS:000224402500006 ER PT J AU Szymanski, J Shuey, JA Oberhauser, K AF Szymanski, J Shuey, JA Oberhauser, K TI Population structure of the endangered Mitchell's Satyr, Neonympha mitchellii mitchellii (French): Implications for conservation SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID PIERID BUTTERFLIES; RECAPTURE DATA; NYMPHALIDAE; DISPERSAL; LEPIDOPTERA; MOVEMENTS; BEHAVIOR AB Basic ignorance about the ecology and life history of the endangered Mitchell's satyr butterfly, Neonympha mitchellii mitchellii, is impeding conservation efforts. To assist with recovery, we examined Mitchell's satyr butterfly population structure using mark-release-recapture techniques at two sites in southwestern Michigan in 1997 and 1998. During the single annual flight period spanning 2 to 3 wk from mid June to late July, the sex ratio changed over time, with Males predominating early in the flight period and females in the latter half of the season. Scott's Method 1 and recapture decay plotting showed average residence times of 1.4 to 5.3 d. Males were more catchable than females, a probable consequence of behavioral differences between the sexes. Males were commonly found patrolling through the vegetation in search of mates, whereas females were rarely observed in undisturbed flight. Daily population estimates were obtained by the jolly stochastic method and total brood size and flight area population densities were calculated using estimated residence rates. All population size estimates were low. Total brood size estimates ranged from 164 to 372. Peak daily flight area density ranged between 70 and 159 butterflies per ha. Adult movement was limited. Maximum range estimates were 290 m and 420 m at the two sites. Average movement distances were 37 m and 33 m. Male butterflies moved significantly greater distances than females. Remnants of a metapopulation structure are apparent, but the data are insufficient to differentiate between an extinction-recolonization structure and a source-sink structure. Butterfly movements between habitat patches within occupied sites occur, albeit rarely. Short residence times, low density and sedentary behavior make extant populations vulnerable to environmental stochasticity and human disturbance. Conservation actions need to consider the implications of these important life history traits if we are to reduce local extinction probabilities and recover Mitchell's satyr butterfly. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Endangered Species, Onalaska, WI 54650 USA. Nature Conservancy, Indiana Chapter, Indianapolis, IN 46208 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol 100, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Szymanski, J (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Endangered Species, 555 Lester Ave, Onalaska, WI 54650 USA. EM Jennifer_Szymanski@fws.gov; JShuey@tnc.org; karen.s.oberhauser-1@tc.umn.edu NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 152 IS 2 BP 304 EP 322 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2004)152[0304:PSOTEM]2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 861FW UT WOS:000224402500010 ER PT J AU Barko, VA Palmer, MW Herzog, DP Ickes, BS AF Barko, VA Palmer, MW Herzog, DP Ickes, BS TI Influential environmental gradients and spatiotemporal patterns of fish assemblages in the unimpounded Upper Mississippi river SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SIMILARITY INDEXES; LARVAL FISHES; COMMUNITIES; DIVERSITY; STREAM; RECRUITMENT; ECOSYSTEMS; STABILITY; HABITATS; RECOVERY AB We investigated variation of fish assemblages in response to environmental factors using Long Term Resource Monitoring Program data. Data were collected from 1993 to 2000 from five physical habitats in the unimpounded upper Mississippi River. We captured 89 species composing 18 families. Of these, 26% were fluvial specialists, 25% were fluvial dependent and 49% were generalists. The numerically dominant component of the adult fish assemblage (species accounting for >10% of total catch) accounted for 50% of the assemblage and was comprised of only three species: gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum; 25%), common carp (Cyprinus carpio, 15%) and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus, 10%). The dominant component of the YOY fish assemblage was comprised of only two species, which accounted for 76% of the total catch: freshwater drum (Aplodinotus grunniens; 39%) and gizzard shad (37%). We used a cross-validation multivariate approach to explore how adult and young-of-the-year (YOY) assemblages varied with respect. to physical habitat and environmental gradients. Furthermore, we were interested how the fish assemblages changed over time. Partial canonical correspondence analyses (pCCA) demonstrated significant effects of physical habitats. Such effects differed between young-of-the-year and adult fishes. The four main environmental gradients influencing overall assemblage structure for both age groups were river elevation, water velocity, conductivity, and depth of gear deployment. Morisita's index revealed similar adult assemblage structure over time. However, the YOY assemblage present in 1995 was dissimilar from assemblages present during the other years. We speculate this is a lag effect from the backwater spawning episodes (floodpulse) that occurred with the 500-y flood in 1993. Shannon-Weiner diversity and Camargo's evenness indices were low, but stable across years for the adult assemblage, but varied across years for the YOY assemblage. C1 Missouri Dept Conservat, Open Rivers & Wetlands Field Stn, Jackson, MO 63755 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Bot, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. US Geol Survey, Upper MW Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Missouri Dept Conservat, Open Rivers & Wetlands Field Stn, 3815 E Jackson Blvd, Jackson, MO 63755 USA. RI Palmer, Michael/A-2519-2008; OI Ickes, Brian/0000-0001-5622-3842 NR 61 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 152 IS 2 BP 369 EP 385 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2004)152[0369:IEGASP]2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 861FW UT WOS:000224402500015 ER PT J AU Weckerly, F McFarland, K Ricca, M Meyer, K AF Weckerly, F McFarland, K Ricca, M Meyer, K TI Roosevelt elk density and social segregation: Foraging behavior and females avoiding larger groups of males SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; SEXUAL SEGREGATION; HABITAT SEGREGATION; BODY-SIZE; MAMMALIAN HERBIVORES; FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSE; CERVUS-ELAPHUS; BIGHORN SHEEP; NUBIAN IBEX; SOAY SHEEP AB Intersexual social segregation at small spatial scales is prevalent in ruminants that are sexually dimorphic in body size. Explaining social segregation, however, from hypotheses of how intersexual size differences affects the foraging process of males and females has had mixed results. We studied whether body size influences on forage behavior, intersexual social incompatibility or both might influence social segregation in a population of Roosevelt elk (Cervus elaphus roosevelti) that declined 40% over 5 y. Most males and females in the population occurred in the same forage patches, meadows, but occupied different parts of meadows and most groups were overwhelming comprised of one sex. The extent of segregation varied slightly with changing elk density. Cropping rate, our surrogate of forage ingestion, of males in mixed-sex groups differed from males in male-only groups at high, but not low, elk density. In a prior study of intersexual social interactions it was shown that females avoided groups containing greater than or equal to6 males. Therefore, we predicted that females should avoid parts of meadows where groups of males greater than or equal to6 were prevalent. Across the 5 y of study this prediction held because less than or equal to5% of all females were found in parts of meadows where median aggregation sizes of males were greater than or equal to6. Social segregation was coupled to body size influences on forage ingestion at high density and social incompatibility was coupled to social segregation regardless of elk density. C1 SW Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. Humboldt State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. USGS, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USGS, Western Ecol Res Ctr, N Palm Springs, CA 92258 USA. RP Weckerly, F (reprint author), SW Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM fw11@txstate.edu NR 44 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 152 IS 2 BP 386 EP 399 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2004)152[0386:REDASS]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 861FW UT WOS:000224402500016 ER PT J AU Borchardt, MA Haas, NL Hunt, RJ AF Borchardt, MA Haas, NL Hunt, RJ TI Vulnerability of drinking-water wells in La Crosse, Wisconsin, to enteric-virus contamination from surface water contributions SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; HEPATITIS-A VIRUS; BANK FILTRATION; NORWALK VIRUS; CHLORINE; ENTEROVIRUSES; INACTIVATION; GROUNDWATER; POLIOVIRUS; TRANSPORT AB Human enteric viruses can contaminate municipal drinking-water wells, but few studies have examined the routes by which viruses enter these wells. In the present study, the objective was to monitor the municipal wells of La Crosse, Wisconsin, for enteric viruses and determine whether the amount of Mississippi River water infiltrating the wells was related to the frequency of virus detection. From March 2001 to February 2002, one river water site and four wells predicted by hydrogeological modeling to have variable degrees of surface water contributions were sampled monthly for enteric viruses, microbial indicators of sanitary quality, and oxygen and hydrogen isotopes. O-18/O-16 and H-2/H-1 ratios were used to determine the level of surface water contributions. All samples were collected prior to chlorination at the wellhead. By reverse transcription-PCR (RTPCR), 24 of 48 municipal well water samples (50%) were positive for enteric viruses, including enteroviruses, rotavirus, hepatitis A virus (HAV), and noroviruses. Of 12 river water samples, 10 (83%) were virus positive by RT-PCR. Viable enteroviruses were not detected by cell culture in the well samples, although three well samples were positive for culturable HAV. Enteroviruses detected in the wells by RT-PCR were identified as several serotypes of echoviruses and group A and group B coxsackieviruses. None of the well water samples was positive for indicators of sanitary quality, namely male-specific and somatic coliphages, total coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli, and fecal enterococci. Contrary to expectations, viruses were found in all wells regardless of the level of surface water contributions. This result suggests that there were other unidentified sources, in addition to surface water, responsible for the contamination. C1 Marshfield Med Res Fdn, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Microbiol, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI USA. RP Borchardt, MA (reprint author), Marshfield Med Res Fdn, 1000 N Oak Ave, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. EM borchardt.mark@mcrf.mfldclin.edu NR 63 TC 76 Z9 80 U1 5 U2 21 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 70 IS 10 BP 5937 EP 5946 DI 10.1128/AEM.70.10.5937-5946.2004 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 860PT UT WOS:000224356200031 PM 15466536 ER PT J AU Curtis, GP Fox, P Kohler, M Davis, JA AF Curtis, GP Fox, P Kohler, M Davis, JA TI Comparison of in situ uranium K-D values with a laboratory determined surface complexation model SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MINERAL ASSEMBLAGES; NATURAL ATTENUATION; SORPTION BEHAVIOR; ADSORPTION; TRANSPORT; AQUIFER; IRON; U(VI); REDUCTION; SEDIMENTS AB Reactive solute transport simulations in groundwater require a large number of parameters to describe hydrologic and chemical reaction processes. Appropriate methods for determining chemical reaction parameters required for reactive solute transport simulations are still under investigation. This work compares U(VI) distribution coefficients (i.e. KD values) measured under field conditions with K-D values calculated from a surface complexation model developed in the laboratory. Field studies were conducted in an alluvial aquifer at a former U mill tailings site near the town of Naturita, CO, USA, by suspending approximately 10 g samples of Naturita aquifer background sediments (NABS) in 17-5. 1-cm diameter wells for periods of 3 to 15 months. Adsorbed U(VI) on these samples was determined by extraction with a pH 9.45 NaHCO3/Na2CO3 solution. In wells where the chemical conditions in groundwater were nearly constant, adsorbed U concentrations for samples taken after 3 months of exposure to groundwater were indistinguishable from samples taken after 15 months. Measured in situ K-D values calculated from the measurements of adsorbed and dissolved U(VI) ranged from 0.50 to 10.6 mL/g and the K-D values decreased with increasing groundwater alkalinity, consistent with increased formation of soluble U(VI)-carbonate complexes at higher alkalinities. The in situ K-D values were compared with K-D values predicted from a surface complexation model (SCM) developed under laboratory conditions in a separate study. A good agreement between the predicted and measured in situ K-D values was observed. The demonstration that the laboratory derived SCM can predict U(VI) adsorption in the field provides a critical independent test of a submodel used in a reactive transport model. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Water Resources Div, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Environm Sci & Engn Div, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Curtis, GP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Water Resources Div, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM gpcurtis@usgs.gov NR 46 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 19 IS 10 BP 1643 EP 1653 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.03.004 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 853OF UT WOS:000223836200011 ER PT J AU Winger, PV Lasier, PJ AF Winger, PV Lasier, PJ TI Sediment quality in freshwater impoundments at Savannah National Wildlife Refuge SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACID SULFATE SOILS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; ORGANIC-MATTER; ACUTE TOXICITY; SALT MARSHES; PORE-WATER; METALS; TRACE; CONTAMINANTS; ESTUARINE AB Freshwater impoundments at Savannah National Wildlife Refuge (NWR), South Carolina, provide an important habitat for wildlife species, but degraded sediment quality in the Savannah River downstream of the discharge from two impoundments have caused concern about potential contaminant problems within the impoundments. The quality of sediments from five impoundments (impoundments no. 1, 2, 6, 7, and 17) on the NWR was evaluated using physical and chemical characterization, contaminant concentrations (metals, organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), and toxicity testing. Survival of Hyalella azteca (freshwater amphipod) exposed for 28 days to solid-phase sediments was not significantly different from controls, but growth was significantly decreased at several sites. Survival in 96-hour exposures to sediment pore water was significantly decreased at most sites. Factors contributing to the toxic responses were low pH (3.7 to 4.1), ammonia (20 mg/L), and increased concentrations of cations in the pore water. The excess of simultaneously extracted metals over the acid volatile sulfides in the sediments was also typical of sites displaying decreased sediment quality. Elemental concentrations in pore water were negatively correlated with pH, and the highest concentrations were observed in impoundment no. 7. The acidic nature of the sediment in this impoundment was exacerbated by recent draining, burning, and disking, which allowed oxidation of the previously anoxic wetland sediment. Sediment disturbance and mixing of vegetation into the sediments by disking may also have contributed to the formation of ammonia caused by microbial decomposition of the fragmented organic matter. Contaminants were not detected in sediments from the impoundments, but releases of acidic water with increased levels of sediment cations from the impoundments may have contributed to the degraded sediment conditions previously observed in the river. The practice of dewatering sediments for vegetation control may exacerbate the acidification of vulnerable sediments within impoundments of this NWR. C1 Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Winger, PV (reprint author), Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM winger@usgs.gov NR 41 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 47 IS 3 BP 304 EP 313 DI 10.1007/s0244-004-3088-z PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 856OL UT WOS:000224054400004 PM 15386124 ER PT J AU Saiki, MK Martin, BA May, TW AF Saiki, MK Martin, BA May, TW TI Reproductive status of western mosquitofish inhabiting selenium-contaminated waters in the Grassland Water District, Merced County, California SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HOLBROOKI GIRARD 1859; SAN-JOAQUIN RIVER; AGRICULTURAL DRAINWATER; TOXICITY THRESHOLDS; FISH; POPULATIONS; BLUEGILLS; RESPONSES; EGGS AB This study was implemented to determine if western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) populations in the Grassland Water District suffer from impaired reproduction because of seleniferous inflows of agricultural drainwater from the Grassland Bypass Project. During June to July 2001, laboratory trials with pregnant female fish collected from two seleniferous treatment sites exposed to selenium-laden drainwater and two nonseleniferous reference sites yielded fry that averaged >96% survival at birth. In addition, none of the newborn fry exhibited evidence of teratogenesis, a typical consequence of selenium toxicity. Chemical analysis of postpartum female fish and their newborn fry indicated that mosquitofish from seleniferous sites accumulated relatively high body burdens of selenium (3.96 to 17.5 mug selenium/g in postpartum female fish and 5.35 to 29.2 mug selenium/g in their fry), whereas those from nonseleniferous sites contained lower body burdens (0.40 to 2.72 mug selenium/g in postpartum female fish and 0.61 to 4.68 mug selenium/g in their fry). Collectively, these results strongly suggest that mosquitofish inhabiting selenium-contaminated waters are not experiencing adverse reproductive effects at current levels of selenium exposure. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Dixon Duty Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia Ecol Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Saiki, MK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Dixon Duty Stn, 6924 Tremont Rd, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM michael_saiki@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 47 IS 3 BP 363 EP 369 DI 10.1007/s00244-2051-3 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 856OL UT WOS:000224054400010 PM 15386130 ER PT J AU Reynolds, KD Skipper, SL Cobb, GP McMurry, ST AF Reynolds, KD Skipper, SL Cobb, GP McMurry, ST TI Relationship between DDE concentrations and laying sequence in eggs of two passerine species SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CROWNED NIGHT-HERONS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; PROTHONOTARY WARBLERS; GULL EGGS; SIBLING EMBRYOS; CINCLUS-CINCLUS; SELENIUM LEVELS; HEAVY-METAL; NEW-YORK AB Passerine eggs make useful biomonitors of environmental pollutants. Among passerines, it is not known whether organochlorine contaminants in eggs within the same clutch are independent observations or follow a laying order effect. Intraclutch variation of DDE (1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis[(p-chlorophenyl)]ethylene) concentrations was studied in eggs collected from prothonotary warblers (Protonotaria citrea) and European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) nesting on National Priority List sites in lower Alabama and central Colorado, respectively. All 209 eggs collected for this study contained detectable levels of DDE. Mean concentration of DDE across all prothonotary warbler eggs (mean 8.71 mug/g +/- 1.19, n = 20) was almost two orders of magnitude greater than mean concentrations of DDE in all starling eggs (mean 0.70 mug/g 0.06, n = 189). In both species, there was a large amount of variability among individual eggs of the same clutch and no significant relationship between laying order and DDE concentration. Variation among eggs laid in the same sequential order was high and effectively masked any potential trends in laying order effect. We hypothesized that the variability was caused by the spatial heterogeneity of DDE on our study sites, the nature of egg development within a female passerine, or a combination of these factors. Investigators focusing on lipophilic contaminants should exercise caution when making inferences about contaminant concentrations in an entire clutch of passerine eggs after the collection and analysis of a single egg because our data show that DDE levels in a single egg collected for analysis do not consistently reflect DDE levels in the eggs remaining in the nest. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Rocky Mt Arsenal Natl Wildlife Refuge, Commerce City, CO USA. RP Reynolds, KD (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, Box 41163, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. EM kevin.reynolds@tiehh.ttu.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES04696] NR 59 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 47 IS 3 BP 396 EP 401 DI 10.1007/s00244-004-3157-3 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 856OL UT WOS:000224054400014 PM 15386134 ER PT J AU Jones-Lepp, TL Alvarez, DA Petty, JD Huckins, JN AF Jones-Lepp, TL Alvarez, DA Petty, JD Huckins, JN TI Polar organic chemical integrative sampling and liquid chromatography-electrospray/ion-trap mass spectrometry for assessing selected prescription and illicit drugs in treated sewage effluents SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT BACTERIA; WASTE-WATER; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; CONTAMINANTS; PHARMACEUTICALS; METABOLITES AB The purpose of the research presented in this paper was twofold: (1) to demonstrate the coupling of two state-of-the-art techniques: a time-weighted polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) and microliquid chromatography-electrospray/ion-trap mass spectrometry and (2) to assess the ability of these methodologies to detect six drugs (azithromycin, fluoxetine, omeprazole, levothyroxine, methamphetamine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine [MDMA]) in a real-world environment, e.g., waste water effluent. In the effluent from three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), azithromycin was detected at concentrations ranging from 15 to 66 ng/L, which is equivalent to a total annual release of 1 to 4 kg into receiving waters. Detected and confirmed in the effluent from two WWTPs were two illicit drugs, methamphetamine and MDMA, at 2 and 0.5 ng/L, respectively. Although the ecotoxicologic significance of drugs in environmental matrices, particularly water, has not been closely examined, it can only be surmised that these substances have the potential to adversely affect biota that are continuously exposed to them even at very low levels. The potential for chronic effects on human health is also unknown but of increasing concern because of the multiuse character of water, particularly in densely populated, arid areas. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Jones-Lepp, TL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 944 E Harmon, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM jones-lepp.tammy@epa.gov NR 26 TC 134 Z9 139 U1 4 U2 61 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 47 IS 4 BP 427 EP 439 DI 10.1007/s00244-004-3146-6 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 866DK UT WOS:000224753800001 PM 15499492 ER PT J AU Fisher, DJ McGee, BL Wright, DA Yonkos, LT Ziegler, GP Turley, SD AF Fisher, DJ McGee, BL Wright, DA Yonkos, LT Ziegler, GP Turley, SD TI The effects of sieving and spatial variability of estuarine sediment toxicity samples on sediment chemistry SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACID VOLATILE SULFIDE; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; METHYLMERCURY; ETHYLATION; CADMIUM AB In 1998, we conducted a field-validation study of the chronic 28-day whole-sediment toxicity test with Leptocheirus plumulosus in Baltimore Harbor, MD, an area where this amphipod is indigenous. This study included an evaluation of the effect of sieving on sediment chemical concentrations and the use of field replicates, or separate grabs from the same site, which provided an estimation of within-site chemical and toxicologic variability. Six stations in Baltimore Harbor, MD, were included in this evaluation. Chemical analysis of two separate unsieved field replicates from the six sites indicated that, overall, the chemical concentrations of replicates within each site were similar, especially for metals. Organic contaminants particularly total PCBs, had the highest variability between replicates. Chemical variability did not appear to be related to differences in organic carbon content or grain size or to variability in toxicologic end points. Results supported the use of composite samples in sediment toxicity tests. In addition, in most cases, sieving had little effect on sediment chemistry. For the metals and trace elements, only selenium showed a substantial change after sieving, with some samples increasing after sieving and others decreasing. Concentrations of acid-volatile sulfide (AVS) increased 194.6% at one station after sieving, although in most other cases, AVS and simultaneously extracted metals remained relatively unchanged. As expected, concentrations of organics generally decreased after sieving, but in the majority of cases this decrease was small (i.e., coefficient of variation less than or equal to25%). Total benzene hexachloride and total chlordanes had the greatest changes, whereas polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations decreased at only two stations after sieving. Concentrations of polyaromatic hydrocarbons showed little change after sieving. These changes in sediment chemistry due to sieving must be viewed in the larger context of the potentially confounding effects that indigenous organisms may have on the interpretation of test results from whole-sediment toxicity tests. C1 Univ Maryland, Wye Res & Educ Ctr, Queenstown, MD 21658 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Studies, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. RP Fisher, DJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Wye Res & Educ Ctr, POB 169, Queenstown, MD 21658 USA. EM df49@umail.umd.edu NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 47 IS 4 BP 448 EP 455 DI 10.1007/s00244-003-0221-3 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 866DK UT WOS:000224753800003 PM 15499494 ER PT J AU Sedgwick, JA AF Sedgwick, JA TI Site fidelity, territory fidelity, and natal philopatry in willow flycatchers (Empidonax traillii) SO AUK LA English DT Article ID BREEDING AREA FIDELITY; SEX-BIASED PHILOPATRY; COLLARED FLYCATCHER; INDIGO BUNTINGS; REPRODUCTIVE CONSEQUENCES; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; HABITAT SELECTION; ACCIPITER-NISUS; MATE FIDELITY; PARUS-MAJOR AB I investigated the causes and consequences of adult breeding-site fidelity, territory fidelity, and natal philopatry in Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii) in southeastern Oregon over a 10-year period, testing the general hypothesis that fidelity and dispersal distances are influenced by previous breeding performance. Willow Flycatchers adhered to the generally observed tendencies of passerine birds for low natal philopatry and high breeding-site fidelity. Site fidelity (return to the study area) of adult males (52.0%) and females (51.3%), and median dispersal distances between seasons (16 m vs. 19 m) were similar. Previous breeding performance and residency (age-experience), but not study-site quality, explained site fidelity in females. Site fidelity of females rearing 4-5 young (64.4%) exceeded that of unsuccessful females (40.0%), breeding dispersal was less (successful: 15 m; unsuccessful: 33 in), and novice residents were more site-faithful than former residents. Probability of site fidelity was higher for previously successful females (odds ratio = 4.76), those with greater seasonal fecundity (odds ratio = 1.58), novice residents (odds ratio = 1.41), and unparasitized females (odds ratio = 2.76). Male site fidelity was not related to residency, site quality, or previous breeding performance. Territory fidelity (return to the previous territory) in females was best explained by previous breeding performance, but not by site quality or residency. Previously successful females were more likely to return to their territory of the previous season than either unsuccessful (odds ratio = 14.35) or parasitized birds (odds ratio = 6.38). Male territory fidelity was not related to residency, site quality, or previous breeding performance. Natal philopatry was low (7.8%) and similar for males and females. Site quality appeared to influence philopatry, given that no birds reared at a low-quality study site returned there to breed, and birds reared there dispersed farther than birds reared at two other study sites. My results partially support the hypothesis that site fidelity is an adaptive response: (1) previously successful females that switched territories underperformed those that did not switch (P = 0.01); and (2) previously unsuccessful females that switched territories outperformed those that did not switch, but not significantly (P = 0.22). Received 24 January 2003, accepted 6 April 2004. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Sedgwick, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM jim_sedgwick@usgs.gov RI Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009 NR 89 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD OCT PY 2004 VL 121 IS 4 BP 1103 EP 1121 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[1103:SFTFAN]2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 866EL UT WOS:000224756500010 ER PT J AU Hartzell, S Bonilla, LF Williams, RA AF Hartzell, S Bonilla, LF Williams, RA TI Prediction of nonlinear soil effects SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID STRONG GROUND-MOTION; 1994 NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE; SEDIMENT RESPONSE; SITE RESPONSE; CALIFORNIA; SIMULATION; BEHAVIOR; WASHINGTON; MAGNITUDE; SEATTLE AB Mathematical models of soil nonlinearity in common use and recently developed nonlinear codes are compared to investigate the range of their predictions. We consider equivalent linear formulations with and without frequency-dependent moduli and damping ratios and nonlinear formulations for total and effective stress. Average velocity profiles to 150 in depth with midrange National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program site classifications (13, BC, C, D, and E) in the top 30 in are used to compare the response of a wide range of site conditions from rock to soft soil. Nonlinear soil models are compared using the amplification spectrum, calculated as the ratio of surface ground motion to the input motion at the base of the velocity profile. Peak input motions from 0.1g to 0.9g are considered. For site class 13, no significant differences exist between the models considered in this article. For site classes BC and C, differences are small at low input motions (0.1g to 0.2g), but become significant at higher input levels. For site classes D and E the overdamping of frequencies above about 4 Hz by the equivalent linear solution with frequency-independent parameters is apparent for the entire range of input motions considered. The equivalent linear formulation with frequency-dependent moduli and damping ratios under damps relative to the nonlinear models considered for site class C with larger input motions and most input levels for site classes D and E. At larger input motions the underdamping for site classes D and E is not as severe as the overdamping with the frequency-independent formulation, but there are still significant differences in the time domain. A nonlinear formulation is recommended for site classes D and E and for site classes BC and C with input motions greater than a few tenths of the acceleration of gravity. The type of nonlinear formulation to use is driven by considerations of the importance of water content and the availability of laboratory soils data. Our average amplification curves from a nonlinear effective stress formulation compare favorably with observed spectral amplification at class D and E sites in the Seattle area for the 2001 Nisqually earthquake. C1 Denver Fed Ctr, US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. BERSSIN, SARG, DEI, IRSN,Inst Radioprotect & Surete Nucl, F-92262 Fontenay Aux Roses, France. RP Hartzell, S (reprint author), Denver Fed Ctr, US Geol Survey, Box 25046 MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RI Bonilla, Luis Fabian/K-5092-2012 NR 68 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 5 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 94 IS 5 BP 1609 EP 1629 DI 10.1785/012003256 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 868ZW UT WOS:000224952900003 ER PT J AU Erickson, D McNamara, DE Benz, HM AF Erickson, D McNamara, DE Benz, HM TI Frequency-dependent Lg Q within the continental United States SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK-STATE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; WAVE ATTENUATION; NORTH-AMERICA; SHEAR-WAVES; PROPAGATION; MAGNITUDE; SCATTERING; AFRICA; CRUST AB Frequency-dependent crustal attenuation (1/Q) is determined for seven distinct physiographic/tectonic regions of the continental United States using high-quality Lg waveforms recorded on broadband stations in the frequency band 0.5 to 16 Hz. Lg attenuation is determined from time-domain amplitude measurements in one-octave frequency bands centered on the frequencies 0.75, 1.0, 3.0, 6.0, and 12.0 Hz. Modeling errors are determined using a delete-j jackknife resampling technique. The frequency-dependent quality factor is modeled in the form of Q = Q(0)f(eta). Regions were initially selected based on tectonic provinces but were eventually limited and adjusted to maximize ray path coverage in each area. Earthquake data was recorded on several different networks and constrained to events occurring within the crust (<40 krn depth) and at least m(b) 3.5 in size. A singular value decomposition inversion technique was applied to the data to simultaneously solve for source and receiver terms along with Q for each region at specific frequencies. The lowest crustal Q was observed in northern and southern California where Q is described by the functions Q = 152(+/-37)f(0.72(+/- 0.16)) and Q = 105(+/-26)f(0.67(+/-0.16)), respectively. The Basin and Range Province, Pacific Northwest, and Rocky Mountain states also display lower Q and a strong frequency dependence characterized by the functions Q = 200(+/-40)f(0.68(+/-0.12)), Q = 152(+/-49)f(0.76(+/- 0.18)), and Q = 166(+/-37)f(0.61(+/-0.14)), respectively. In contrast, in the central and northeast United States Q functions are Q = 640(+/- 225)f(0.0344(+/- 0.22)) and Q = 650(+/- 143)f(0.36(+/- 0.14)), respectively, show a high crustal Q and a weaker frequency dependence. These results improve upon previous Lg modeling by subdividing the United States into smaller, distinct tectonic regions and using significantly more data that provide improved constraints on frequency-dependent attenuation and errors. A detailed attenuation map of the continental United States can provide significant input into hazard map mitigation. Both scattering and intrinsic attenuation mechanisms are likely to play a comparable role in the frequency range considered in the study. C1 Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80225 USA. RP Erickson, D (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM drericks@uwyo.edu NR 25 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 94 IS 5 BP 1630 EP 1643 DI 10.1785/012003218 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 868ZW UT WOS:000224952900004 ER PT J AU Savage, WZ AF Savage, WZ TI An exact solution for effects of topography on free Rayleigh waves SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID GROUND MOTION; SH-WAVES; CALIFORNIA; STRESSES; VALLEYS; RIDGES; SV AB An exact solution for the effects of topography on Rayleigh wave amplification is presented. The solution is obtained by incorporating conformal mapping into complex-variable stress functions developed for free Rayleigh wave propagation in an elastic half-space with a flat upper surface. Results are presented for free Rayleigh wave propagation across isolated symmetric ridges and valleys. It is found for wavelengths that are comparable to ridge widths that horizontal Rayleigh wave amplitudes are amplified at ridge crests and that vertical amplitudes are strongly reduced near ridge crests relative to horizontal and vertical amplitudes of free Rayleigh waves in the flat case. Horizontal amplitudes are strongly deamplified at valley bottoms relative to those for the flat case for Rayleigh wavelengths comparable to valley widths. Wave amplitudes in the symmetric ridges and valleys asymptotically approach those for the flat case with increased wavelengths, increased ridge and valley widths, and with horizontal distance from and depth below the isolated ridges and valleys. Also, prograde particle motion is predicted near crests of narrow ridges and near the bottoms of narrow valleys. Finally, application of the theory at two sites known for topographic wave amplification gives a predicted surface wave amplification ratio of 3.80 at the ridge center for a frequency of 1.0 Hz at Robinwood Ridge in northern California and a predicted surface wave amplification ratio of 1.67 at the ridge center for the same frequency at the Cedar Hill Nursery site at Tarzana in southern California. C1 Denver Fed Ctr, US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Denver Fed Ctr, US Geol Survey, MS 966,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM savage@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 94 IS 5 BP 1706 EP 1727 DI 10.1785/012003200 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 868ZW UT WOS:000224952900009 ER PT J AU Imanishi, K Takeo, M Ellsworth, WL Ito, H Matsuzawa, T Kuwahara, Y Iio, Y Horiuchi, S Ohmi, S AF Imanishi, K Takeo, M Ellsworth, WL Ito, H Matsuzawa, T Kuwahara, Y Iio, Y Horiuchi, S Ohmi, S TI Source parameters and rupture velocities of microearthquakes in western Nagano, Japan, determined using stopping phases SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID HIGH-FREQUENCY RADIATION; EARTHQUAKE SOURCE PARAMETERS; FAULT PLANE; STRESS DROP; PREFECTURE EARTHQUAKE; SCALING RELATIONS; APPARENT STRESS; JOINT INVERSION; SITE RESPONSE; GEODETIC DATA AB We use an inversion method based on stopping phases (Imanishi and Takeo, 2002) to estimate the source dimension, ellipticity, and rupture velocity of microearthquakes and investigate the scaling relationships between source parameters. We studied 25 earthquakes, ranging in size from M 1.3 to M 2.7, that occurred between May and August 1999 at the western Nagano prefecture, Japan, which is characterized by a high rate of shallow earthquakes. The data consist of seismograms recorded in an 800-m borehole and at 46 surface and 2 shallow borehole seismic stations whose spacing is a few kilometers. These data were recorded with a sampling frequency of 10 kHz. In particular, the 800-m-borehole data provide a wide frequency bandwidth with greatly reduced ground noise and coda wave amplitudes compared with surface recordings. High-frequency stopping phases appear in the body waves in Hilbert transform pairs and are readily detected on seismograms recorded in the 800-m borehole. After correcting both borehole and surface data for attenuation, we also measure the rise time, which is defined as the interval from the arrival time of the direct wave to the timing of the maximum amplitude in the displacement pulse. The differential time of the stopping phases and the rise times were used to obtain source parameters. We found that several microearthquakes propagated unilaterally, suggesting that all microearthquakes cannot be modeled as a simple circular crack model. Static stress drops range from approximately 0.1 to 2 MPa and do not vary with seismic moment. It seems that the breakdown in stress drop scaling seen in previous studies using surface data is simply an artifact of attenuation in the crust. The average value of rupture velocity does not depend on earthquake size and is similar to those reported for moderate and large earthquakes. It is likely that earthquakes are self-similar over a wide range of earthquake size and that the dynamics of small and large earthquakes are similar. C1 AIST, Geol Survey Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Earthquake Res Inst, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130032, Japan. Natl Res Inst Earth Sci & Disaster Prevent, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050006, Japan. RP AIST, Geol Survey Japan, 1-1 Higashi 1 Chome, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan. EM imani@ni.aist.go.jp RI Imanishi, Kazutoshi/M-3183-2016; OI Imanishi, Kazutoshi/0000-0002-3346-0009; Matsuzawa, Takanori/0000-0003-0440-251X NR 71 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 94 IS 5 BP 1762 EP 1780 DI 10.1785/012003085 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 868ZW UT WOS:000224952900013 ER PT J AU McNutt, SR Marzocchi, W AF McNutt, SR Marzocchi, W TI Simultaneous earthquake swarms and eruption in Alaska, fall 1996: Statistical significance and inference of a large aseismic slip event SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID KATMAI NATIONAL-PARK; PAVLOF VOLCANO; OCEAN LOAD; POSSIBLE MODULATION; TECTONIC STRESSES; SOLID EARTH; SEISMICITY; TREMOR; DEFORMATION; SUBDUCTION AB In the fall of 1996 the Alaska Volcano Observatory recorded an unprecedented level of seismic and volcanic activity. The following were observed: (1) a swarm at Iliamna Volcano (August 1996 to mid-1997); (2) an eruption at Pavlof Volcano (September 1996 to December 1996); (3) a swarm at Martin/Mageik volcanoes (October 1996); (4) a swarm at Strandline Lake, which continued for several years (1996-1999); and (5) deformation of Mt. Peulik (inflation begins after October 1996 and ends in fall 1998), based on interpretation of interferometric synthetic aperture radar data. The number of monitored volcanic areas in 1996 was thirteen. We conducted two formal statistical tests to determine the likelihood of four of these events occurring randomly in the same time interval. The tests are based on different conceptual probabilistic models (classical and Bayesian) that embrace a wide range of realistic tectonic models. The first test considered only the areas in which swarms or eruptions occurred (7 of 13 if Strandline Lake is included; 6 of 12 otherwise), by comparing the real catalog with 10,000 synthetic catalogs under the assumption that the sites are independent. The second method is a hierarchical Bayesian model in which the probability of a swarm at each of the 13 (or 12) areas is different but the parent population is the same. We found that the likelihood of the swarms and eruption occurring nearly simultaneously by chance alone is small for a wide range of probabilistic schemes and, consequently, for different tectonic scenarios. Therefore, we conclude that the events may be related to a single process. We speculate that a widespread deformation pulse or strain transient occurred, mainly in the east half of the arc, and may be the most likely candidate for causing such nearly simultaneous events. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Bologna, INGV Osservatorio Vesuviano, Dipartimento Fis, Settore Geofis, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. RP Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, POB 757320, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM steve@giseis.alaska.edu; warner@ov.ingv.it RI Marzocchi, Warner/J-9299-2012 OI Marzocchi, Warner/0000-0002-9114-1516 NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 94 IS 5 BP 1831 EP 1841 DI 10.1785/012003030 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 868ZW UT WOS:000224952900018 ER PT J AU Amoroso, L Pearthree, PA Arrowsmith, JR AF Amoroso, L Pearthree, PA Arrowsmith, JR TI Paleoseismology and neotectonics of the Shivwits section of the Hurricane Fault, northwestern Arizona SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; CENTRAL IDAHO; RELAY RAMPS; SCARP; SEGMENTATION; RUPTURE; DISPLACEMENT; BEHAVIOR; EXAMPLES; PROFILES AB The Shivwits section of the Hurricane Fault in northwestern Arizona has been largely ignored in evaluating the seismic hazard posed to the rapidly growing populations of southwestern Utah. To assess this hazard, we conducted studies along the Shivwits section using field observations and geomorphic modeling to understand the Quaternary tectonism of this portion of the Hurricane Fault. We have found evidence that it ruptured with up to 2 to 3 m of vertical displacement per event and likely produced similar toM 7 earthquakes. Our results suggest that the slip rate along the southern Hurricane Fault has not decreased during the Quaternary. The Moriah Knoll basalt, offset 150 to 200 m along the Hurricane Fault, yielded a maximum long-term slip rate of 0.15 to 0.25 mm/yr, estimated using a new Ar-40/Ar-39 age of 0.85+/-0.06 Ma. The late Quaternary slip rates on alluvial fan surfaces offset 2 to 7.4 m were estimated using pedogenic carbonate rind thickness as a calibrated proxy for age. These observations yielded slip rates of similar to0.05 to 0.3 mm/yr. Paleoseismic trench investigations showed that two surface-rupturing events occurred in the past 15-78 k.y. A radiocarbon sample from a most-recent event (MRE) fissure yielded a calibrated age of 8900-10,400 years B.P.; the penultimate event was likely greater than or equal to10 k.y. before the most recent event. Slip-rate estimates using the Moriah Knoll basalt (similar to0.15-0.24 mm/yr; 850 ka), surface offset (similar to0.05-0.3 mm/yr; < 100 ka), morphologic modeling (similar to0.06-0.21 mm/yr; <100 ka), and observations from the trench (similar to0.06-0.34 mm/yr; 15-75 ka) suggest that there has been no detectable change in slip rate in the past 1 million years or so. This implies a constant deformation rate for this portion of the Colorado Plateau Margin; therefore, Basin and Range extension is actively encroaching. C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Arizona Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85701 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Amoroso, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 94 IS 5 BP 1919 EP 1942 DI 10.1785/012003241 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 868ZW UT WOS:000224952900025 ER PT J AU Yokose, H Lipman, PW AF Yokose, H Lipman, PW TI Emplacement mechanisms of the South Kona slide complex, Hawaii Island: sampling and observations by remotely operated vehicle Kaiko SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE South Kona slide; Mauna Loa; Hawaii Island; submarine slide; hyaloclastite; picrite; A'a lava ID VESICLE-DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS; MAUNA-LOA VOLCANO; LANDSLIDES; PAHOEHOE; BASALT; LAVA; CRYSTALLIZATION; EVOLUTION; KILAUEA; TSUNAMI AB Emplacement of a giant submarine slide complex, offshore of South Kona, Hawaii Island, was investigated in 2001 by visual observation and in-situ sampling on the bench scarp and a megablock, during two dives utilizing the Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) Kaiko and its mother ship RN Kairei. Topography of the bench scarp and megablocks were defined in 3-D perspective, using high-resolution digital bathymetric data acquired during the cruise. Compositions of 34 rock samples provide constraints on the landslide source regions and emplacement mechanisms. The bench scarp consists mainly of highly fractured, vesiculated, and oxidized a'a lavas that slumped from the subaerial flank of ancestral Mauna Loa. The megablock contains three units: block facies, matrix facies, and draped sediment. The block facies contains hyaloclastite interbedded with massive lava, which slid from the shallow submarine flank of ancestral Mauna Loa, as indicated by glassy groundmass of the hyaloclastite, low oxidation state, and low sulfur content. The matrix facies, which directly overlies the block facies and is similar to a lahar deposit, is thought to have been deposited from the water column immediately after the South Kona slide event. The draped sediment is a thin high-density turbidite layer that may be a distal facies of the Alika-2 debris-avalanche deposit; its composition overlaps with rocks from subaerial Mauna Loa. The deposits generated by the South Kona slide vary from debris avalanche deposit to turbidite. Spatial distribution of the deposits is consistent with deposits related to large landslides adjacent to other Hawaiian volcanoes and the Canary Islands. C1 Kumamoto Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Earth Sci, Kumamoto 8608555, Japan. US Geol Survey, Volcan Hazards Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Yokose, H (reprint author), Kumamoto Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Earth Sci, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 8608555, Japan. EM yokose@sci.kumamoto-u.ac.jp NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 66 IS 7 BP 569 EP 584 DI 10.1007/s00445-004-0339-9 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 865WG UT WOS:000224734300001 ER PT J AU Adams, J Takekawa, JY Carter, HR AF Adams, J Takekawa, JY Carter, HR TI Stable foraging areas and variable chick diet in Cassin's auklets (Ptychoramphus aleuticus) off southern California SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SANTA-BARBARA CHANNEL; EUPHAUSIID NYCTIPHANES-SIMPLEX; EL-NINO; INTERANNUAL VARIATION; MONTEREY BAY; WEST-COAST; LA-NINA; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS; NORTHEAST PACIFIC AB Planktivorous seabirds readily respond to changes in marine ecosystems and have the ability to integrate information regarding variability in abundance, availability, and community composition of key prey resources. We studied the foraging and breeding ecology of the Cassin's auklet, Ptychoramphus aleuticus (Pallas, 1811), off southern California during three breeding seasons (1999-2001), when large intra- and inter-annual variability occurred in local oceanographic conditions during a prolonged La Nina event. Radio-marked parents used consistent core foraging areas within 30 km of their colony, aggregated in shelf waters (<200 m depth), and occasionally foraged in deeper waters. Parents delivered primarily euphausiids, pelagic larval-juvenile fishes, and minor amounts of cephalopods and other crustaceans. Whereas the euphausiid Thysanoessa spinifera Holmes, 1900 was most important during 1999 and 2001, Euphausia pacifica Hansen, 1911 replaced adult T. spinifera in 2000 after an anomalous eastward inflection of the California Current occurred near the auklets' foraging area. Differences in chick diets, however, did not significantly influence fledging success and growth among first chicks, but the proportion of pairs successfully fledging an alpha chick and initiating a second clutch was exceptional in 1999 (63%) and 2000 (75%), and less in 2001 (7%). We suggest that dietary composition was influenced by modified prey availability driven in part by fluctuations in regional upwelling and circulation. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Adams, J (reprint author), Moss Landing Marine Labs, 8272 Moss Landing Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM josh_adams@usgs.gov NR 85 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 EI 1480-3283 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 82 IS 10 BP 1578 EP 1595 DI 10.1139/Z04-140 PG 18 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 887LU UT WOS:000226308400005 ER PT J AU Quist, MC Hubert, WA Isaak, DJ AF Quist, MC Hubert, WA Isaak, DJ TI Fish assemblage structure and relations with environmental conditions in a Rocky Mountain watershed SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; CUTTHROAT TROUT; RIVER-BASIN; CONSERVATION STRATEGY; ABSAROKA MOUNTAINS; HABITAT GRADIENTS; SPECIES RICHNESS; UNITED-STATES; LIFE-HISTORY; STREAM AB Fish and habitat were sampled from 110 reaches in the Salt River basin (Idaho and Wyoming) during 1996 and 1997 to assess patterns in fish assemblage structure across a Rocky Mountain watershed. We identified four distinct fish assemblages using cluster analysis: (1) allopatric cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki (Richardson, 1836)); (2) cutthroat trout - brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchell, 1814)) - Paiute sculpin (Cottus beldingi Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1891); (3) cutthroat trout - brown trout (Salmo trutta L., 1758) - mottled sculpin (Cottus bairdi Girard, 1850); and (4) Cyprinidae-Catostomidae. The distribution of fish assemblages was explained by thermal characteristics, stream geomorphology, and local habitat features. Reaches with allopatric cutthroat trout and the cutthroat trout - brook trout - Paiute sculpin assemblage were located in high-elevation, high-gradient streams. The other two fish assemblages were generally located in low-elevation streams. Associations between habitat gradients, locations of reaches in the watershed, and occurrence of species were further examined using canonical correspondence analysis. The results suggest that stream geomorphology, thermal conditions, and local habitat characteristics influence fish assemblage structure across a Rocky Mountain watershed, and they provide information on the ecology of individual species that can guide conservation activities. C1 Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Quist, MC (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM mcquist@uwyo.edu RI Isaak, Dan/C-8818-2011 NR 61 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 11 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 82 IS 10 BP 1554 EP 1565 DI 10.1139/Z04-134 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 887LU UT WOS:000226308400002 ER PT J AU Blum, AE Eberl, DD AF Blum, AE Eberl, DD TI Measurement of clay surface areas by polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) sorption and its use for quantifying illite and smectite abundance SO CLAYS AND CLAY MINERALS LA English DT Article DE clay; illite; intercalation; montmorillonite; polyvinylpyrrolidone; PVP; quantitative mineralogy; smectite; surface area ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SIMULTANEOUS ADSORPTION; THICKNESS DISTRIBUTION; FUNDAMENTAL PARTICLES; NA-MONTMORILLONITE; EXCHANGED CATION; POLY(VINYLPYRROLIDONE); MIXTURES; ALUMINA; SILICA AB A new method has been developed for quantifying smectite abundance by sorbing polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) on smectite particles dispersed in aqueous solution. The sorption density of PVP-55K on a wide range of smectites, illites and kaolinites is similar to0.99 mg/m(2), which corresponds to similar to0.72 g of PVP-55K per gram of montmorillonite. Polyvinylpyrrolidone sorption on smectites is independent of layer charge and solution pH. PVP sorption on SiO2, Fe2O3 and ZnO normalized to the BET surface area is similar to the sorption densities on smectites. gamma-Al2O3, amorphous Al(OH)(3) and gibbsite have no PVP sorption over a wide range of pH, and sorption of PVP by organics is minimal. The insensitivity of PVP sorption densities to mineral layer charge, solution pH and mineral surface charge indicates that PVP sorption is not localized at charged sites, but is controlled by more broadly distributed sorption mechanisms such as Van der Waals' interactions and/or hydrogen bonding. Smectites have very large surface areas when dispersed as single unit-cell-thick particles (similar to725 m(2)/g) and usually dominate the total surface areas of natural samples in which smectites are present. In this case, smectite abundance is directly proportional to PVP sorption. In some cases, however, the accurate quantification of smectite abundance by PVP sorption may require minor corrections for PVP uptake by other phases, principally illite and kaolinite. Quantitative XRD can be combined with PVP uptake measurements to uniquely determine the smectite concentration in such samples. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Blum, AE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM aeblum@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 24 PU CLAY MINERALS SOCIETY PI AURORA PA PO BOX 460130, AURORA, CO 80046-0130 USA SN 0009-8604 J9 CLAY CLAY MINER JI Clay Clay Min. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 52 IS 5 BP 589 EP 602 DI 10.1346/CCMN.2004.0520505 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Soil Science SC Chemistry; Geology; Mineralogy; Agriculture GA 864KG UT WOS:000224631800005 ER PT J AU O'Connell, AF Gilbert, AT Hatfield, JS AF O'Connell, AF Gilbert, AT Hatfield, JS TI Contribution of natural history collection data to biodiversity assessment in national parks SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; herbaria; museums; national parks; natural history collections; search effort; specimens ID RICHNESS ESTIMATION METHODS; CONSERVATION; BUTTERFLIES AB There has been mounting interest in the use of museum and herbaria collections to assess biodiversity; information is often difficult to locate and access, however, and few recommendations are available for effectively using natural history collections. As part of an effort to inventory vertebrates and vascular plants in U. S. national parks, we searched manually and by computer for specimens originating within or adjacent to 14 parks throughout the northeastern United States. We compared the number of specimens located to collection size to determine whether there was any effect on detection rate of specimens. We evaluated the importance of park characteristics (e.g., age since establishment, size, theme [natural vs. cultural]) for influencing the number of specimens found in a collection. We located >31,000 specimens and compiled associated records (hereafter referred to as specimens) from 78 collections; >9000 specimens were park-significant, originating either within park boundaries or in the local township where the park was located. We found >2000 specimens by means of manual searches, which cost $0.001-0.15 per specimen searched and $0.81-151.95 per specimen found. Collection effort appeared relatively uniform between 1890 and 1980, with low periods corresponding to significant sociopolitical events. Detection rates for specimens were inversely related to collection size. Although specimens were most often located in collections within the region of interest, specimens can be found anywhere, particularly in large collections international in scope, suggesting that global searches will be necessary to evaluate historical biodiversity. Park characteristics indicated that more collecting effort occurred within or adjacent to larger parks established for natural resources than in smaller historical sites. Because many institutions have not yet established electronic databases for collections, manual searches can be useful for retrieving specimens. Our results show that thorough, systematic searching of natural history collections for park-significant specimens can provide a historical perspective on biodiversity for park managers. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP O'Connell, AF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM oconnell@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 18 IS 5 BP 1254 EP 1261 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00336.x PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 856UX UT WOS:000224071800011 ER PT J AU Driscoll, MJL Donovan, TM AF Driscoll, MJL Donovan, TM TI Landscape context moderates edge effects: Nesting success of wood thrushes in central New York SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FOREST FRAGMENTATION; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; ARTIFICIAL NESTS; MIGRATORY BIRDS; PREDATION RATES; HABITAT; METAANALYSIS; HYPOTHESIS; ECOTONES; SCALE AB Despite two decades of research into the effects of habitat fragmentation and edges on nesting birds, critical information about how edges affect the success of natural nests of Neotropical migratory songbirds breeding in heterogeneous landscapes is still missing. We studied abundance and nesting success in Wood Thrushes (Hylocichla mustelina) breeding across a heterogeneous landscape in central New York from 1998 to 2000 to test the hypothesis that edge effects on nesting passerines are stronger in fragmented than contiguous landscapes. We monitored nests to estimate nesting success in edge and interior habitats in both fragmented and contiguously forested landscapes. In contiguous landscapes, daily survival rate did not differ between edge nests (0.963) and interior nests (0.968) (chi(2)= 0.19, p = 0.66). In contrast, in fragmented landscapes, daily survival estimates were higher in interior (0.971) than edge (0.953) nests (chi(2)= 3.1, p = 0.08). Our study supports the hypothesis that landscape composition moderates edge effects on actual nests of birds but does not determine the mechanisms causing these patterns. C1 SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. Univ Vermont, US Geol Survey, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Driscoll, MJL (reprint author), Cornell Lab Ornithol, 159 Sapsucker Woods Rd, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. NR 45 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 20 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 18 IS 5 BP 1330 EP 1338 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00254.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 856UX UT WOS:000224071800018 ER PT J AU Haig, SM Mullins, TD Forsman, ED Trail, PW Wennerberg, L AF Haig, SM Mullins, TD Forsman, ED Trail, PW Wennerberg, L TI Genetic identification of Spotted Owls, Barred Owls, and their hybrids: Legal implications of hybrid identity SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AFLP; conservation genetics; Endangered Species Act; hybridization; Migratory Bird Treaty Act; mtDNA ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; STRIX-OCCIDENTALIS; HYBRIDIZATION; CONSERVATION; EXTINCTION; RANGE; POPULATIONS; SEQUENCES; VARIA AB Recent population expansion of Barred Owls ( Strix varia) into western North America has led to concern that they may compete with and further harm the Northern Spotted Owl ( S. occidentalis caurina), which is already listed as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA). Because they hybridize, there is a legal need under the ESA for forensic identification of both species and their hybrids. We used mitochondrial control-region DNA and amplified fragment-length polymorphism (AFLP) analyses to assess maternal and biparental gene flow in this hybridization process. Mitochondrial DNA sequences (524 base pairs) indicated large divergence between Barred and Spotted Owls (13.9%). Further, the species formed two distinct clades with no signs of previous introgression. Fourteen diagnostic AFLP bands also indicated extensive divergence between the species, including markers differentiating them. Principal coordinate analyses and assignment tests clearly supported this differentiation. We found that hybrids had unique genetic combinations, including AFLP markers from both parental species, and identified known hybrids as well as potential hybrids with unclear taxonomic status. Our analyses corroborated the findings of extensive field studies that most hybrids genetically sampled resulted from crosses between female Barred Owls and male Spotted Owls. These genetic markers make it possible to clearly identify these species as well as hybrids and can now be used for research, conservation, and law enforcement. Several legal avenues may facilitate future conservation of Spotted Owls and other ESA-listed species that hybridize, including the ESA similarity-of-appearance clause (section 4[e]) and the Migratory Bird Treaty Act. The Migratory Bird Treaty Act appears to be the most useful route at this time. C1 US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. ARS, USDA, Pacific NW Forest Expt Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Fish & Wildlife Forens Lab, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. RP Haig, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM susan_haig@usgs.gov NR 60 TC 40 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 52 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 18 IS 5 BP 1347 EP 1357 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00206.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 856UX UT WOS:000224071800020 ER PT J AU Royle, JA AF Royle, JA TI Modeling abundance index data from anuran calling surveys SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE abundance index; anuran surveys; detection probability; North American Amphibian Monitoring Program; patch occupancy; site occupancy models ID COUNTS AB Evaluation of anuran populations is commonly based on calling surveys that report categorical abundance index data. I present a statistical model for abundance index data that are observations representing ordered abundance classes (e.g., none, some, many). The proposed model provides a formal treatment of detection probability, factors that affect detection, and variation in abundance. The model can be viewed as a generalization of that proposed by MacKenzie et al. (2002) for estimating site-occupancy rates in that it allows for more than two abundance classes. Because the abundance distribution is characterized by multiple abundance classes, it may be more sensitive to subtle changes in the underlying abundance that may go undetected with simple occupancy estimates under which sites are characterized merely as occupied or not. The method is most immediately applicable to surveys of anurans in which index data related to the intensity of calling activity are collected. I applied the proposed method to calling index data from the green frog (Rana clamitans) collected as part of the North American Amphibian Monitoring Program. The best model indicated considerable variation in detectability over time and in response to temperature. The resulting adjusted (for detectability) abundance-state distribution demonstrates the negative bias in abundance state obtained from simplistic summaries of calling index data that disregard these sources of variation in detectability. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Royle, JA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM andy_royle@fws.gov OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 12 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 4 U2 40 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 18 IS 5 BP 1378 EP 1385 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00147.x PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 856UX UT WOS:000224071800023 ER PT J AU Doran, PT Clifford, SM Forman, SL Nyquist, L Papanastassiou, DA Stewart, BW Sturchio, NC Swindle, TD Cerling, T Kargel, J McDonald, G Nishiizumi, K Poreda, R Rice, JW Tanaka, K AF Doran, PT Clifford, SM Forman, SL Nyquist, L Papanastassiou, DA Stewart, BW Sturchio, NC Swindle, TD Cerling, T Kargel, J McDonald, G Nishiizumi, K Poreda, R Rice, JW Tanaka, K TI Mars chronology: assessing techniques for quantifying surficial processes SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Mars; chronology; surficial processes; dating ID THERMAL EMISSION SPECTROMETER; MARTIAN NORTHERN PLAINS; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; LAYERED DEPOSITS; NEUTRON-CAPTURE; ANCIENT OCEANS; THARSIS REGION; CORE FORMATION; SOLAR-SYSTEM; ICE CORE AB Currently, the absolute chronology of Martian rocks, deposits and events is based mainly on crater counting and remains highly imprecise with epoch boundary uncertainties in excess of 2 billion years. Answers to key questions concerning the comparative origin and evolution of Mars and Earth will not be forthcoming without a rigid Martian chronology, enabling the construction of a time scale comparable to Earth's. Priorities for exploration include calibration of the cratering rate, dating major volcanic and fluvial events and establishing chronology of the polar layered deposits. If extinct and/or extant life is discovered, the chronology of the biosphere will be of paramount importance. Many radiometric and cosmogenic techniques applicable on Earth and the Moon will apply to Mars after certain baselines (e.g. composition of the atmosphere, trace species, chemical and physical characteristics of Martian dust) are established. The high radiation regime may pose a problem for dosimetry-based techniques (e.g. luminescence). The unique isotopic composition of nitrogen in the Martian atmosphere may permit a Mars-specific chronometer for tracing the time-evolution of the atmosphere and of lithic phases with trapped atmospheric gases. Other Mars-specific chronometers include measurement of gas fluxes and accumulation of platinum group elements (PGE) in the regolith. Putting collected samples into geologic context is deemed essential, as is using multiple techniques on multiple samples. If in situ measurements are restricted to a single technique it must be shown to give consistent results on multiple samples, but in all cases, using two or more techniques (e.g. on the same lander) will reduce error. While there is no question that returned samples will yield the best ages, in situ techniques have the potential to be flown on multiple missions providing a larger data set and broader context in which to place the more accurate dates. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Div Earth & Space Sci, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Environm Sci, Rochester, NY USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ USA. RP Doran, PT (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM pdoran@uic.edu NR 111 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-8252 J9 EARTH-SCI REV JI Earth-Sci. Rev. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 67 IS 3-4 BP 313 EP 337 DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2004.04.001 PG 25 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 897WP UT WOS:000227037000004 ER PT J AU Gellis, AC Pavich, MJ Bierman, PR Clapp, EM Ellevein, A Aby, S AF Gellis, AC Pavich, MJ Bierman, PR Clapp, EM Ellevein, A Aby, S TI Modern sediment yield compared to geologic rates of sediment production in a semi-arid basin, New Mexico: Assessing the human impact SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE erosion; sediment; arroya; grazing; cosmogenic radionuclides ID LUQUILLO EXPERIMENTAL FOREST; EROSION RATES; COSMOGENIC NUCLIDES; PUERTO-RICO; DENUDATION; BE-10; DELIVERY; CHANNEL; YR AB In the semi-arid Arroyo Chavez basin of New Mexico, a 2(.)28 km(2) sub-basin of the Rio Puerco, we contrasted short-term rates (3 years) of sediment yield measured with sediment traps and dams with long-term, geologic rates (similar to10 000 years) of sediment production measured using Be-10. Examination of erosion rates at different time-scales provides the opportunity to contrast the human impact on erosion with background or geologic rates of sediment production. Arroyo Chavez is grazed and we were interested in whether differences in erosion rates observed at the two time-scales are due to grazing. The geologic rate of sediment production, 0(.)27 kg m(-2) a(-1) is similar to the modern sediment yields measured for geomorphic surfaces including colluvial slopes, gently sloping hillslopes, and the mesa top which ranged from 0(.)12 to 1(.)03 kg m(-2) a(-1). The differences between modem sediment yield and geologic rates of sediment production were most noticeable for the alluvial valley floor, which had modern sediment yields as high as 3(.)35 kg m(-2) a(-1). The hydraulic state of the arroyo determines whether the alluvial valley floor is aggrading or degrading. Arroyo Chavez is incised and the alluvial valley floor is gullied and piped and is a source of sediment. The alluvial valley floor is also the portion of the basin most modified by human disturbance including grazing and gas pipeline activity, both of which serve to increase erosion rates. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, USDI, Baltimore, MD 21237 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Geol & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT USA. RP Gellis, AC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, USDI, 8987 Yellow Brick Rd, Baltimore, MD 21237 USA. EM agellis@usgs.gov NR 52 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 16 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 29 IS 11 BP 1359 EP 1372 DI 10.1002/esp.1098 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 864AD UT WOS:000224604100004 ER PT J AU Gerber, LR Tinker, MT Doak, DF Estes, JA Jessup, DA AF Gerber, LR Tinker, MT Doak, DF Estes, JA Jessup, DA TI Mortality sensitivity in life-stage simulation analysis: A case study of southern sea otters SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE age specific; cause of mortality; conservation; demography; disease; Enhydra lutris; life stage simulation analysis; population growth; sea otters; sex specific ID ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT; DEATH ASSEMBLAGE; POPULATION-GROWTH; ENHYDRA-LUTRIS; CALIFORNIA; PATTERNS; SURVIVAL; MODEL; RATES; RISK AB Currently, there are no generally recognized approaches for linking detailed mortality and pathology data to population-level analyses of extinction risk. We used a combination of analytical and simulation-based analyses to examine 20 years of age- and sex-specific mortality data for southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris), and we applied results to project the efficacy of alternative conservation strategies. Population recovery of the southern sea otter has been slow (rate of population increase lambda = 1.05) compared to other recovering populations (lambda = 1.17-1.20), and the population declined (lambda = 0.975) between 1995 and 1999. Age-based Leslie matrices were developed to explore explanations for the slow recovery and recent decline in the southern sea other population. An elasticity analysis was performed to predict effects of proportional changes in stage-specific reproductive or survival rates on the rate of population increase. A life-stage simulation analysis (LSA) was developed to evaluate the impact of changing age- and cause-specific mortality rates on lambda. The information used to develop these models was derived from death assemblage, pathology, and live population census data to examine the sensitivity of sea otter population growth to different sources of mortality (e.g., disease and starvation, direct human take [fisheries, gun shot, boat strike, oil pollution], mating trauma and intraspecific aggression, shark bites, and unknowns. We used resampling simulations to generate random combinations of vital rates for a large number of matrix replicates and drew on these to estimate potential effects of mortality sources on population growth (lambda). Our analyses suggest management actions that are likely and unlikely to promote recovery of the southern sea otter and more broadly indicate a methodology to better utilize cause-of-death data in conservation decision-making. C1 Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Ocean Hlth, US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Calif Dept Fish & Game, Marine Wildlife Vet Care & Res Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Gerber, LR (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, POB 874501, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM leah.gerber@asu.edu RI Tinker, Martin/F-1277-2011 NR 44 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 7 U2 41 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 14 IS 5 BP 1554 EP 1565 DI 10.1890/03-5006 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 863NN UT WOS:000224568800020 ER PT J AU Lafferty, KD AF Lafferty, KD TI Fishing for lobsters indirectly increases epidemics in sea urchins SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Channel Islands (California, USA); disease epidemics; emerging disease; host-density threshold for disease transmission; kelp forest ecosystem; lobster fishing; sea urchins; trophic cascade ID CALIFORNIA KELP FOREST; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; MASS MORTALITY; TROPHIC CASCADES; NOVA-SCOTIA; STRONGYLOCENTROTUS-DROEBACHIENSIS; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; MARINE RESERVES; PREDATION; ECOSYSTEMS AB Two ecological paradigms, the trophic cascade and the host-density threshold in disease, interact in the kelp-forest ecosystem to structure the community. To investigate what happens when a trophic cascade pushes a host population over a host-threshold density, I analyzed a 20-year data set of kelp forest communities at 16 sites in the region of the Channel Islands National Park, California, USA. Historically, lobsters, and perhaps other predators, kept urchin populations at low levels and kelp forests developed a community-level trophic cascade. In geographic areas where the main predators on urchins were fished, urchin populations increased to the extent that they overgrazed algae and starvation eventually limited urchin-population growth. Despite the limitation of urchin population size by food availability, urchin densities, at times, well exceeded the host-density threshold for epidemics. An urchin-specific bacterial disease entered the region after 1992 and acted as a density-dependent mortality source. Dense populations were more likely to experience epidemics and suffer higher mortality. Disease did not reduce the urchin population at a site to the density that predators previously did. Therefore, disease did not fully replace predators in the trophic cascade. These results indicate how fishing top predators can indirectly favor disease transmission in prey populations. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, USGS, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Lafferty, KD (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, USGS, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM Lafferty@lifesci.UCSB.edu RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593 NR 40 TC 112 Z9 117 U1 9 U2 62 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 14 IS 5 BP 1566 EP 1573 DI 10.1890/03-5088 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 863NN UT WOS:000224568800021 ER PT J AU van Mantgem, PJ Stephenson, NL Keifer, M Keeley, J AF van Mantgem, PJ Stephenson, NL Keifer, M Keeley, J TI Effects of an introduced pathogen and fire exclusion on the demography of sugar pine SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Cronartium ribicola; demography; fire exclusion; matrix model; Pinus lambertiana; population decline; prescribed fire; sugar pine; tree mortality; white pine blister rust ID BLISTER RUST; PRESCRIBED-FIRE; PONDEROSA PINE; WHITEBARK-PINE; NATIONAL-PARK; FOREST; MORTALITY; TREE; RESTORATION; CALIFORNIA AB An introduced pathogen, white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola), has caused declines in five-needled pines throughout North America. Simultaneously, fire exclusion has resulted in dense stands in many forest types, which may create additional stress for these generally shade-intolerant pines. Fire exclusion also allows fuels to accumulate, and it is unclear how affected populations will respond to the reintroduction of fire. Although white pine blister rust and fire exclusion are widely recognized threats, long-term demographic data that document the effects of these stressors are rare. We present population trends from 2168 individuals over 5-15 years for an affected species, sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana), at several burned and unburned sites in the Sierra Nevada of California. Size-based matrix models indicate that most unburned populations have negative growth rates (lambda range: 0.82-1.04). The growth rate of most populations was, however, indistinguishable from replacement levels (lambda = 1.0), implying that, if populations are indeed declining, the progression of any such decline is slow, and longer observations are needed to clearly determine population trends. We found significant differences among population growth rates, primarily due to variation in recruitment rates. Deaths associated with blister rust and stress (i.e., resource competition) were common, suggesting significant roles for both blister rust and fire exclusion in determining population trajectories. Data from 15 prescribed fires showed that the immediate effect of burning was the death of many small trees, with the frequency of mortality returning to pre-fire levels within five years. In spite of a poor prognosis for sugar pine, our results suggest that we have time to apply and refine management strategies to protect this species. C1 USGS, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. Natl Pk Serv, Pacific W Reg, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. RP van Mantgem, PJ (reprint author), USGS, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia & Kings Canyon Field Stn,HCR 89 Box 4, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. EM pvanmantgem@usgs.gov NR 50 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 16 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 14 IS 5 BP 1590 EP 1602 DI 10.1890/03-5109 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 863NN UT WOS:000224568800023 ER PT J AU Thom, CSB La Peyre, MKG Nyman, JA AF Thom, CSB La Peyre, MKG Nyman, JA TI Evaluation of nekton use and habitat characteristics of restored Louisiana marsh SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE terrace; marsh terracing; coconut mat; submerged aquatic vegetation; habitat restoration; dredged material marsh; organic matter; nekton; fish; shellfish; macroinvertebrates ID ESTABLISHED SALT MARSHES; DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS; NORTH-CAROLINA; DELAWARE BAY; RESTORATION; FISH; TEXAS; MACROPHYTES; VEGETATION; WETLAND AB Marsh terracing and coconut fiber mats are two wetland restoration techniques implemented at Sabine National Wildlife Refuge, Louisiana, USA. Using nekton as an indicator of habitat quality, nekton community assemblages were compared between terraced, coconut-matted, unmanaged marsh (restoration goal), and open water (pre-restoration) habitats. Using a throw trap and a 3 m x 2 m straight seine, 192 nekton samples were collected over four dates in 2001 and 2002 at all habitats. Nekton abundance was similar at unmanaged marsh (restoration goal), coconut mat, and terrace edge, and significantly higher than at open water (pre-restoration) sites (P < 0.05). Coconut-matted habitat and unmanaged marsh edges had significantly higher numbers of benthic dependent species than terrace edges (P < 0.05), potentially because of differences in substrate. Terraced sites had lower organic matter and siltier substrate as compared to unmanaged marsh sites. At Sabine NWR, terracing increased nekton use as compared to pre-restoration conditions (open water samples) by providing marsh edge habitat, but failed to support a nekton community similar to unmanaged marsh (restoration goals) or coconut-matted sites. Future restoration projects may evaluate the combined use of coconut mats with terracing projects in order to enhance habitat for benthic dependent nekton. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, US Geol Survey,Agr Ctr, Louisiana Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP La Peyre, MKG (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, US Geol Survey,Agr Ctr, Louisiana Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM mlapey@lsu.edu RI Nyman, John/D-3903-2009 NR 45 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 23 IS 2 BP 63 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.ecolgeng.2004.06.012 PG 13 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 873ES UT WOS:000225263100001 ER PT J AU Skvarla, JL Nichols, JD Hines, JE Waser, PM AF Skvarla, JL Nichols, JD Hines, JE Waser, PM TI Modeling interpopulation dispersal by banner-tailed kangaroo rats SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE banner-tailed kangaroo rat; demography; Dipodomys spectabilis; heteromyid rodents; mark-release-recapture; metapopulation; multi-strata models; robust design; survival ID DIPODOMYS-SPECTABILIS; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; SURVIVAL; METAPOPULATION; POPULATION; DYNAMICS; MAMMALS; COMPETITION; PHILOPATRY; HYPOTHESES AB Many metapopulation models assume rules of population connectivity that are implicitly based on what we know about within-population dispersal, but especially for vertebrates, few data exist to assess whether interpopulation dispersal is just within-population dispersal "scaled up." We extended existing multi-stratum mark-release-recapture models to incorporate the robust design, allowing us to compare patterns of within- and between-population movement in the banner-tailed kangaroo rat (Dipodomys spectabilis). Movement was rare among eight populations separated by only a few hundred meters: seven years of twice-annual sampling captured >1200 individuals but only 26 interpopulation dispersers. We developed a program that implemented models with parameters for capture, survival, and interpopulation movement probability and that evaluated competing hypotheses in a model selection framework. We evaluated variants of the island, stepping-stone, and isolation-by-distance models of interpopulation movement, incorporating effects of age, season, and habitat (short or tall grass). For both sexes, QAIC(c) values clearly favored isolation-by-distance models, or models combining the effects of isolation by distance and habitat. Models with probability of dispersal expressed as linear-logistic functions of distance and as negative exponentials of distance fit the data equally well. Interpopulation movement probabilities were similar among sexes (perhaps slightly biased toward females), greater for juveniles than adults (especially for females), and greater before than during the breeding season (especially for females). These patterns resemble those previously described for within-population dispersal in this species, which we interpret as indicating that the same processes initiate both within- and between-population dispersal. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USGS Biol Resources Div, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Skvarla, JL (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM skvarlaj@owl.forestry.uga.edu NR 51 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 10 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD OCT PY 2004 VL 85 IS 10 BP 2737 EP 2746 DI 10.1890/03-0599 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 867LS UT WOS:000224844700013 ER PT J AU Vos, M Verschoor, AM Kooi, BW Wackers, FL DeAngelis, DL Mooij, WM AF Vos, M Verschoor, AM Kooi, BW Wackers, FL DeAngelis, DL Mooij, WM TI Inducible defenses and trophic structure SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biomass responses; bottom-up control; edibility; enrichment; food chain; food web; infochemicols; multitrophic interactions; primary productivity; top-down control ID PELAGIC FOOD WEBS; BRACHIONUS-CALYCIFLORUS; EXPLOITATION ECOSYSTEMS; MORPHOLOGICAL-CHANGES; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; ASPLANCHNA-SIEBOLDI; PREY HETEROGENEITY; SPECIES TURNOVER; COLONY FORMATION; COMMUNITIES AB Resource edibility is a crucial factor in ecological theory on the relative importance of bottom-up and top-down control. Current theory explains trophic structure in terms of the relative abundance and succession of edible and inedible species across gradients of primary productivity. We argue that this explanation is incomplete owing to its focus on inedibility and the assumption that plants and herbivores have fixed defense levels. Consumer-induced defenses are an important source of variation in the vulnerability of prey and are prevalent in natural communities. Such induced defenses decrease per capita consumption rates of consumers but hardly ever result in complete inedibility. When defenses are inducible a prey population may consist of both undefended and defended individuals. Here we use food chain models with realistic parameter values to show that variation in consumption rates on different prey types causes a gradual instead of stepwise increase in the biomass of all trophic levels in response to enrichment. Such all-level responses have been observed in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and in microbial food chains in the laboratory. We stress that, in addition to the known food web effects of interspecific variation in edibility, intraspecific variation in edibility is another form of within-trophic-level heterogeneity that also has such effects. We conclude that inducible defenses increase the relative importance of bottom-up control. C1 Netherlands Inst Ecol, Ctr Limnol, Dept Food Web Studies, NL-3631 AC Nieuwersluis, Netherlands. Free Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, Dept Theoret Biol, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. Netherlands Inst Ecol, Ctr Terr Ecol, Dept Multitrop Interact, NL-6666 GA Heteren, Netherlands. Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Vos, M (reprint author), Netherlands Inst Ecol, Ctr Limnol, Dept Food Web Studies, Rijksstraatweg 6, NL-3631 AC Nieuwersluis, Netherlands. EM m.vos@nioo.knaw.nl RI Mooij, Wolf/C-2677-2008; Vos, Matthijs/B-3802-2009; Verschoor, Anthony/D-8446-2011; Kooi, Bob/B-6343-2012 OI Mooij, Wolf/0000-0001-5586-8200; NR 68 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 4 U2 34 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD OCT PY 2004 VL 85 IS 10 BP 2783 EP 2794 DI 10.1890/03-0670 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 867LS UT WOS:000224844700018 ER PT J AU Ginsberg, HS Zhioua, E Mitra, S Fischer, J Buckley, PA Verret, F Underwood, HB Buckley, FG AF Ginsberg, HS Zhioua, E Mitra, S Fischer, J Buckley, PA Verret, F Underwood, HB Buckley, FG TI Woodland type and spatial distribution of nymphal Ixodes scapularis (Acari : Ixodidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ixodes scapularis; spatial distribution; survival; habitat distribution ID LYME-DISEASE RISK; NEW-YORK; FIRE-ISLAND; DAMMINI ACARI; HABITAT DISTRIBUTION; HUMAN BABESIOSIS; ECOLOGY; SURVIVAL; DEER; USA AB Spatial distribution patterns of black-legged ticks, Ixodes scapularis, in deciduous and coniferous woodlands were studied by sampling ticks in different woodland types and at sites from which deer had been excluded and by quantifying movement patterns of tick host animals (mammals and birds) at the Lighthouse Tract, Fire Island, NY, from 1994 to 2000. Densities of nymphal ticks were greater in deciduous than coniferous woods in 3 of 7 yr. Only engorged ticks survived the winter, and overwintering survival of engorged larvae in experimental enclosures did not differ between deciduous and coniferous woods. Nymphs were not always most abundant in the same forest type as they had been as larvae, and the habitat shift between life stages differed in direction in different years. Therefore, forest type by itself did not account for tick distribution patterns. Nymphal densities were lower where deer had been excluded compared with areas with deer present for 3 yr after exclusion, suggesting that movement patterns of vertebrate hosts influenced tick distribution, but nymphal densities increased dramatically in one of the enclosures in the fourth year. Therefore, movements of ticks on animal hosts apparently contribute substantially to tick spatial distribution among woodland types, but the factor(s) that determine spatial distribution of nymphal I. scapularis shift from year to year. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Coastal Field Stn, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Ginsberg, HS (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Coastal Field Stn, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Woodward Hall PLS, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM howard_ginsberg@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 18 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1266 EP 1273 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 864AV UT WOS:000224606000018 ER PT J AU Katz, BG AF Katz, BG TI Sources of nitrate contamination and age of water in large karstic springs of Florida SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE springs; Karst; nitrate contamination; springwater age; USA; Florida ID RIVER WATER; ENVIRONMENTAL TRACERS; GROUNDWATER RECHARGE; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; AQUIFER; FLOW; USA; NITROGEN; TRITIUM; HE-3 AB In response to concerns about the steady increase in nitrate concentrations over the past several decades in many of Florida's first magnitude spring waters (discharge greater than or equal to2.8 m(3)/s), multiple isotopic and other chemical tracers were analyzed in water samples from 12 large springs to assess sources and timescales of nitrate contamination. Nitrate-N concentrations in spring waters ranged from 0.50 to 4.2 mg/L, and delta(15)N values of nitrate in spring waters ranged from 2.6 to 7.9 per mil. Most delta(15)N values were below 6 per mil indicating that inorganic fertilizers were the dominant source of nitrogen in these waters. Apparent ages of groundwater discharging from springs ranged from 5 to about 35-years, based on multi-tracer analyses (CFC-12, CFC-113, SF6, H-3/He-3) and a piston flow assumption; however, apparent tracer ages generally were not concordant. The most reliable spring-water ages appear to be based on tritium and He-3 data, because concentrations of CFCs and SF6 in several spring waters were much higher than would be expected from equilibration with modern atmospheric concentrations. Data for all tracers were most consistent with output curves for exponential and binary mixing models that represent mixtures of water in the Upper Floridan aquifer recharged since the early 1960s. Given that groundwater transit times are on the order of decades and are related to the prolonged input of nitrogen from multiple sources to the aquifer, nitrate could persist in groundwater that flows toward springs for several decades due to slow transport of solutes through the aquifer matrix. C1 US Geol Survey, Tallahassee, FL USA. RP Katz, BG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2010 Levy Ave, Tallahassee, FL USA. EM bkatz@usgs.gov NR 63 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 5 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 46 IS 6-7 BP 689 EP 706 DI 10.1007/s00254-004-1061-9 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 864DH UT WOS:000224613100001 ER PT J AU Boxall, ABA Sinclair, CJ Fenner, K Kolpin, D Maud, SJ AF Boxall, ABA Sinclair, CJ Fenner, K Kolpin, D Maud, SJ TI When synthetic chemicals degrade in the environment SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MIDWESTERN UNITED-STATES; MISSISSIPPI RIVER VALLEY; TRANSFORMATION PRODUCTS; GROUND-WATER; METABOLITES; HERBICIDES; TOXICITY; PESTICIDES; TRANSPORT; ACID C1 Cranfield Univ, Cranfield MK43 0AL, Beds, England. Swiss Fed Inst Environm Sci & Technol, Lausanne, Switzerland. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Boxall, ABA (reprint author), Cranfield Univ, Cranfield MK43 0AL, Beds, England. EM a.boxall@csl.gov.uk RI Boxall, Alistair/E-5009-2010 NR 58 TC 108 Z9 113 U1 3 U2 60 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 19 BP 368A EP 375A DI 10.1021/es040624v PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 859AL UT WOS:000224234100008 PM 15506178 ER PT J AU Croteau, MN Luoma, SN Topping, BR Lopez, CB AF Croteau, MN Luoma, SN Topping, BR Lopez, CB TI Stable metal isotopes reveal copper accumulation and less dynamics in the freshwater bivalve corbicula SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASSIMILATION EFFICIENCIES; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; EQUILIBRIUM-MODEL; TROPHIC TRANSFER; MARINE COPEPODS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; RAINBOW-TROUT; FOOD-CHAINS; BIOACCUMULATION; CADMIUM AB Characterization of uptake and loss dynamics is critical to understanding risks associated with contaminant exposure in aquatic animals. Dynamics are especially important in addressing questions such as why coexisting species in nature accumulate different levels of a contaminant. Here we manipulated copper (Cu) stable isotopic ratios (as an alternative to radioisotopes) to describe for the first time Cu dynamics in a freshwater invertebrate, the bivalve Corbicula fluminea. In the laboratory, Corbicula uptake and loss rate constants were determined from an environmentally realistic waterborne exposure to (65)Cu (5.7 mug L(-1)). That is, we spiked deionized water with Cu that was 99.4% (65)Cu. Net tracer uptake was detectable after 1 day and strongly evident after 4 days. Thus, short-term exposures necessary to determine uptake dynamics are feasible with stable isotopes of Cu. In Corbicula, (65)Cu depuration was biphasic. An unusually low rate constant of loss (0.0038 d(-1)) characterized the slow component of efflux, explaining why Corbicula, strongly accumulates copper in nature. We incorporated our estimates of rate constants for dissolved (65)Cu uptake and physiological efflux into a bioaccumulation model and showed that dietary exposure to Cu is likely an important bioaccumulation pathway for Corbicula. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Croteau, MN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 465, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mcroteau@usgs.gov NR 43 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 4 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 19 BP 5002 EP 5009 DI 10.1021/es049432q PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 859AL UT WOS:000224234100022 PM 15506192 ER PT J AU Lowry, GV Shaw, S Kim, CS Rytuba, JJ Brown, GE AF Lowry, GV Shaw, S Kim, CS Rytuba, JJ Brown, GE TI Macroscopic and microscopic observations of particle-facilitated mercury transport from new idria and sulphur bank mercury mine tailings SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COASTAL-PLAIN AQUIFER; NATURAL POROUS-MEDIA; CLARK FORK RIVER; COLLOID MOBILIZATION; EXAFS SPECTROSCOPY; METHYL MERCURY; IONIC-STRENGTH; CLEAR LAKE; CALIFORNIA; SPECIATION AB Mercury (Hg) release from inoperative Hg mines in the California Coast Range has been documented, but little is known about the release and transport mechanisms. In this study, tailings from Hg mines located in different geologic settings-New Idria (NI), a Si-carbonate Hg deposit, and Sulphur Bank (SB), a hot-spring Hg deposit-were characterized, and particle release from these wastes was studied in column experiments to (1) investigate the mechanisms of Hg release from NI and SB mine wastes, (2) determine the speciation of particle-bound Hg released from the mine wastes, and (3) determine the effect of calcinations on Hg release processes. The physical and chemical properties of tailings and the colloids released from them were determined using chemical analyses, selective chemical extractions, XRD, SEM, TEM, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy techniques. The total Hg concentration in tailings increased with decreasing particle size in NI and SB calcines (roasted ore), but reached a maximum at an intermediate particle size in the SB waste rock (unroasted ore). Hg in the tailings exists predominantly as low-solubility HgS (cinnabar and metacinnabar), with NI calcines having >50% HgS, SB calcines having >89% HgS, and SB waste rock having similar to100% HgS. Leaching experiments with a high-ionic-strength solution (0.1 M NaCl) resulted in a rapid but brief release of soluble and particulate Hg. Lowering the ionic strength of the leach solution (0.005 M NaCl) resulted in the release of colloidal Hg from two of the three mine wastes studied (NI calcines and SB waste rock). Colloid-associated Hg accounts for as much as 95% of the Hg released during episodic particle release. Colloids generated from the NI calcines are produced by a breakup and release mechanism and consist of hematite, jarosite/alunite, and Al-Si gel with particle sizes of 10-200 nm. ATEM and XAFS analyses indicate that the majority (similar to78%) of the mercury is present in the form of HgS. SB calcines also produced HgS colloids. The colloids generated from the SB waste rock were heterogeneous and varied in composition according to the column influent composition. ATEM and XAFS results indicate that Hg is entirely in the HgS form. Data from this study identify colloidal HgS as the dominant transported form of Hg from these mine waste materials. C1 Stanford Univ, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. SLAC, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Shaw, S (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM Sarn.Shaw@earth.ox.ac.uk RI Shaw, Sam/D-6869-2011; Shaw, Sam/A-3528-2017 OI Shaw, Sam/0000-0002-6353-5454 NR 52 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 5 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 19 BP 5101 EP 5111 DI 10.1021/es034636c PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 859AL UT WOS:000224234100035 PM 15506205 ER PT J AU Chapin, TP Caffrey, JM Jannasch, HW Coletti, LJ Haskins, JC Johnson, KS AF Chapin, TP Caffrey, JM Jannasch, HW Coletti, LJ Haskins, JC Johnson, KS TI Nitrate sources and sinks in Elkhorn Slough, California: Results from long-term continuous in situ nitrate analyzers SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID MONTEREY BAY; BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES; FRESH-WATER; NITROGEN; ESTUARY; DENITRIFICATION; VARIABILITY; PHOSPHORUS; SEDIMENTS; BUDGETS AB Nitrate and water quality parameters (temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and depth) were measured continuously with in situ NO3 analyzers and water quality sondes at two sites in Elkhorn Slough in Central California. The Main Channel site near the mouth of Elkhorn Slough was sampled from February to September 2001. Azevedo Pond, a shallow tidal pond bordering agricultural fields further inland, was sampled from December 1999 to July 2001. Nitrate concentrations were recorded hourly while salinity, temperature, depth, oxygen, and turbidity were recorded every 30 min. Nitrate concentrations at the Main Channel site ranged from 5, to 65 muM. The propagation of an internal wave carrying water from similar to100 m depth up the Monterey Submarine Canyon and into the lower section of Elkhorn Slough on every rising tide was a major source of nitrate, accounting for 80-90% of the nitrogen load during the dry summer period. Nitrate concentrations in Azevedo Pond ranged from 0-20 muM during the dry summer months. Nitrate in Azevedo Pond increased to over 450 muM during a heavy winter precipitation event, and interannual variability driven by differences in precipitation was observed. At both sites, tidal cycling was the dominant forcing, often changing nitrate concentrations by 5-fold or more within a few hours. Water volume flux estimates were combined with observed nitrate concentrations to obtain nitrate fluxes. Nitrate flux calculations indicated a loss of 4 mmol NO3 m(-2) d(-1) for the entire Elkhorn Slough and I mmol NO3 m(-2) d(-1) at Azevedo Pond. These results suggested that the waters of Elkhorn Slough were not a major source of nitrate to Monterey Bay but actually a nitrate sink during the dry season. The limited winter data at the Main Channel site suggest that nitrate was exported from Elkhorn Slough during the wet season. Export of ammonium or dissolved organic nitrogen, which we did not monitor, may balance some or all of the NO3 flux. C1 Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. Univ W Florida, Ctr Environm Diagnost & Bioremediat, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. RP Chapin, TP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046,MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM tchapin@usgs.gov RI Johnson, Kenneth/F-9742-2011 OI Johnson, Kenneth/0000-0001-5513-5584 NR 41 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 18 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD OCT PY 2004 VL 27 IS 5 BP 882 EP 894 DI 10.1007/BF02912049 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 873TX UT WOS:000225305100012 ER PT J AU Leslie, LL Velez, CE Bonar, SA AF Leslie, LL Velez, CE Bonar, SA TI Utilizing volunteers on fisheries projects: Benefits, challenges, and management techniques SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB We utilized 253 volunteers on a research project investigating predation impacts of nonnative fishes on native fishes in the Verde River, Arizona. Volunteers donated time that equated to over $42,000 in salary costs. We exposed a diverse group of volunteers to conservation issues, helped deflate misconceptions about conservation and agency roles, developed a network of expertise, and completed a research project instrumental in determining future management of native fishes in Arizona. We found recruiting and managing volunteers could be time consuming and stressful, therefore we developed guidelines to help reduce the challenges associated with volunteer service and streamline field operations. We compiled volunteer lists for sample sites and tailored communications with individuals by identifying how volunteering on our project would meet their goals. We also developed methods for briefing volunteers on safety, equipment use, and data collection. These techniques allowed us to improve the safety and efficiency of using volunteers on the project. C1 Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Leslie, LL (reprint author), Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Phoenix, AZ USA. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD OCT PY 2004 VL 29 IS 10 BP 10 EP 14 DI 10.1577/1548-8446(2004)29[10:UVOFP]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 861KX UT WOS:000224416500005 ER PT J AU Schramm, HL Gerard, PD AF Schramm, HL Gerard, PD TI Temporal changes in fishing motivation among fishing club anglers in the United States SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE angler recruitment; angler retention; avidity; fishing motivations ID FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; SPECIALIZATION; PARTICIPATION AB Responses from freshwater anglers (n = 4287) to a nationwide survey of the US fishing club members were used to assess differences in the importance of 16 fishing motivation items between 1987 and 1997, dates that preceded and followed a period of substantial decline in recreational fishing participation in the US. Comparison of respondents' motivations for fishing in 1997 and 10 years earlier indicated consistency in the paramount importance of being outdoors, relaxation and the experience of the catch. However, the importance of family recreation and being with friends in 1987 were replaced by escape items in 1997. Anglers with fewer dependents and living in areas with higher population density were more likely to decrease the importance of family recreation. Younger anglers were more likely to decrease the importance of being with friends. Anglers who had higher household income, fished more and had higher fishing expenditures were more likely to decrease the importance of obtaining fish to eat. The results of this study suggest that managers should be less concerned about angler opposition to liberal regulations that allow anglers to harvest fish, and that heightened efforts to recruit and retain recreational anglers, which presently focus on family recreation, should be broadened to include outdoor experience, relaxation and escape aspects of fishing. C1 US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Expt Stat Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Schramm, HL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mail Stop 9691, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM hschramm@cfr.msstate.edu NR 26 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0969-997X J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 313 EP 321 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2400.2004.00384.x PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 853HC UT WOS:000223816900001 ER PT J AU Paukert, CP Willis, DW AF Paukert, CP Willis, DW TI Environmental influences on largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides populations in shallow Nebraska lakes SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE habitat; population dynamics; productivity; recruitment; vegetation ID CLASS STRENGTH; RECRUITMENT; MECHANISMS; BLUEGILL; SUNFISH AB The influence of environmental variables on largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides (Lacepede) populations in 22 shallow (mean depth 1.0-2.9 m) Nebraska lakes was evaluated. Largemouth bass exhibited density-dependent size structure and growth, but not condition. Total annual mortality averaged only 30%. Deeper lakes contained low density largemouth bass populations with a high proportion of fish >380 mm, whereas larger lakes with little submerged vegetation had faster growth. The proportion of largemouth bass >380 mm and relative abundance tended to increase with emergent vegetation coverage. More stable recruitment was evident in shallower lakes with increased emergent vegetation coverage. Strong year classes were associated with cooler September air temperatures. Largemouth bass populations exhibited density-dependent effects in lakes up to 332 ha. Lake depth, emergent vegetation and autumn air temperatures may influence largemouth bass populations more than previously suggested. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Paukert, CP (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey,Biol Resources Div, 205 Leasure Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM cpaukert@ksu.edu RI Willis, David/D-3400-2009 NR 30 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0969-997X J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 345 EP 352 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2400.2004.00387.x PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 853HC UT WOS:000223816900004 ER PT J AU Smith, TG Maguire, CC AF Smith, TG Maguire, CC TI Small-mammal relationships with down wood and antelope bitterbrush in ponderosa pine forests of central Oregon SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Peromyscus maniculatus; Pinus ponderosa; Purshia tridentata; Spermophilus lateralis; Tamias amoenus ID CAPTURE PROBABILITIES VARY; OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; RED-BACKED VOLES; PEROMYSCUS-MANICULATUS; POPULATION-SIZE; CONIFEROUS FOREST; SERAL STAGES; FIR FORESTS; DEER MICE; DEBRIS AB The influence of down wood on fire behavior in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests in central Oregon is much understood. However, little is known about down-wood affiliations with. wildlife in this area. Antelope bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata) contributes to wildfires, nitrogen fixation, and the food web, yet its influence on small-mammal populations remains poorly defined: In this study, population density, survival, and reproductive status of yellow-pine chipmunks (Tamias amoenus), golden-mantled ground squirrels (Spermophilus lateralis), and deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) are. estimated under three down-wood and shrub-cover conditions in ponderosa pine/antelope bitterbrush forests of Oregon. The odds for golden-mantled ground squirrel survival are 4.2 times greater on units with high ((x) over bar = 117.8 m(3)/ha) versus low down-wood volume (k = 15.8 m(3)/ha), and each 35.1-m(3)/ha increase in down wood coincides with a 10% increase in ground squirrel density. Yellow-pine chipmunk densities are 57% higher on units with high ((x) over bar = 31.2%) versus low total shrub cover ((x) over bar = 9.2%), and 4.4 and 2.3% increases in total shrub and, live bitterbrush cover, respectively, coincide with 10% increases in chipmunk density. Deer mouse populations are little affected by down-wood volume or shrub cover. Study results suggest that management activities influencing down Wood or, bitterbrush will likely affect the composition of small-mammal communities through population changes in one or more small-mammal species. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Smith, TG (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 4425 Burley Dr,Suite A, Chubbuck, ID 83202 USA. EM t_roy_g@hotmail.com; chris.maguire@orst.edu NR 101 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 10 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X EI 1938-3738 J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 50 IS 5 BP 711 EP 728 PG 18 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 874SC UT WOS:000225369100013 ER PT J AU Van De Flierdt, T Frank, M Lee, DC Halliday, AN Reynolds, BC Hein, JR AF Van De Flierdt, T Frank, M Lee, DC Halliday, AN Reynolds, BC Hein, JR TI New constraints on the sources and behavior of neodymium and hafnium in seawater from Pacific Ocean ferromanganese crusts SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH-ELEMENTS; HF ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS; EASTERN INDIAN-OCEAN; NORTH PACIFIC; EOLIAN DEPOSITION; DISSOLVED ZIRCONIUM; SEDIMENTARY SYSTEM; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; RESIDENCE TIME AB The behavior of dissolved Hf in the marine environment is not well understood due to the lack of direct seawater measurements of Hf isotopes and the limited number of Hf isotope time-series obtained from ferromanganese crusts. In order to place better constraints on input sources and develop further applications, a combined Nd-Hf isotope time-series study of five Pacific ferromanganese crusts was carried out. The samples cover the past 38 Myr and their locations range from sites at the margin of the ocean to remote areas, sites from previously unstudied North and South Pacific areas, and water depths corresponding to deep and bottom waters. For most of the samples a broad coupling of Nd and Hf isotopes is observed. In the Equatorial Pacific epsilon(Nd) and epsilon(Hf), both decrease with water depth. Similarly, epsilon(Nd), and epsilon(Hf) both increase from the South to the North Pacific. These data indicate that the Hf isotopic composition is, in general terms, a suitable tracer for ocean circulation, since inflow and progressive admixture of bottom water is clearly identifiable. The time-series data indicate that inputs and outputs have been balanced throughout much of the late Cenozoic. A simple box model can constrain the relative importance of potential input sources to the North Pacific. Assuming steady state, the model implies significant contributions of radiogenic Nd and Hf from young circum-Pacific arcs and a subordinate role of dust inputs from the Asian continent for the dissolved Nd and Hf budget of the North Pacific. Some changes in ocean circulation that are clearly recognizable in Nd isotopes do not appear to be reflected by Hf isotopic compositions. At two locations within the Pacific Ocean a decoupling of Nd and Hf isotopes is found, indicating limited potential for Hf isotopes as a stand-alone oceanographic tracer and providing evidence of additional local processes that govern the Hf isotopic composition of deep water masses. In the case of the Southwest Pacific there is evidence that decoupling may have been the result of changes in weathering style related to the buildup of Antarctic glaciation. Copyright (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. C1 Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. ETH, Inst Isotope Geol & Mineral Resources, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Acad Sinica, Inst Earth Sci, Taipei 115, Taiwan. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM tina@ldeo.columbia.edu RI Lee, Der-Chuen/N-9225-2013 NR 94 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 2 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD OCT PY 2004 VL 68 IS 19 BP 3827 EP 3843 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 858NK UT WOS:000224198400002 ER PT J AU Takesue, RK Van Geen, A AF Takesue, RK Van Geen, A TI Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, and stable isotopes in modern and holocene Protothaca staminea shells from a northern California coastal upwelling region SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ABLATION ICP-MS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; BIVALVE SHELLS; MYTILUS-EDULIS; CURRENT SYSTEM; PACIFIC-OCEAN; DELTA O-18; PROFILES; RATIOS AB This study explores the potential of intertidal Protothaca staminea shells as high-resolution geochemical archives of environmental change in a coastal upwelling region. Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios were analyzed by excimer laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) at subweekly temporal resolution in shells growing similar to1 mm per month. Growth patterns of a modem P. staminea shell from Humboldt Bay, California, collected in December 1999 made it possible to infer a lifespan from 1993 to 1998. Growth hiatuses in the shell may have excluded records of extreme events. Mg/Ca ratios appeared to be partly controlled by water temperature; the correlation coefficient between temperature and Mg/Ca was r = 0.71 in one of four growth increments. Significant year-to-year differences in the sensitivity of Mg/Ca to temperature in P. staminea could not be explained, however. Sr/Ca ratios appeared to be more closely related to shell growth rate. Oxygen isotopes, measured at 2-week temporal resolution in the same shell, did not show a clear relation to local temperature in summer, possibly because temperatures were higher and less variable at the King Salmon mudflat, where the shell was collected, than in the main channel of Humboldt Bay, where water properties were monitored. Negative shell delta(13)C values (< -0.5%o) marked spring and summer coastal upwelling events. The Mg contents of P. staminea midden shells dated to similar to3 ka and similar to9 ka were significantly lower than in the modern shell. This may have resulted from degradation of a Mg-rich shell organic matrix and precluded quantitative interpretation of the older high-resolution records. Elevated delta(13)C values in the similar to3 ka shell suggested that the individual grew in highly productive or stratified environment, such as a shallow coastal embayment or lagoon. Copyright (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY 10025 USA. Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, New York, NY 10946 USA. RP Takesue, RK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 496, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM rtakesue@usgs.gov NR 75 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD OCT PY 2004 VL 68 IS 19 BP 3845 EP 3861 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2004.03.021 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 858NK UT WOS:000224198400003 ER PT J AU Michalski, G Bohlke, JK Thiemens, M AF Michalski, G Bohlke, JK Thiemens, M TI Long term atmospheric deposition as the source of nitrate and other salts in the Atacama Desert, Chile: New evidence from mass-independent oxygen isotopic compositions SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Review ID ANOMALOUS O-17 COMPOSITIONS; TROPOSPHERIC SULFUR CYCLE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; COMMUNITY CLIMATE MODEL; NORTHERN CHILE; SEA-SALT; 3-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; IODINE SPECIATION; NATIONAL CENTER AB Isotopic analysis of nitrate and sulfate minerals from the nitrate ore fields of the Atacama Desert in northern Chile has shown anomalous Delta(17)O enrichments in both minerals. A O-17 values of 14-21parts per thousand in nitrate and 0.4 to 4parts per thousand in sulfate are the most positive found in terrestrial minerals to date. Modeling of atmospheric processes indicates that the Delta(17)O signatures are the result of photochemical reactions in the troposphere and stratosphere. We conclude that the bulk of the nitrate, sulfate and other soluble salts in some parts of the Atacama Desert must be the result of atmospheric deposition of particles produced by gas to particle conversion. with minor but varying amounts from sea spray and local terrestrial sources. Flux calculations indicate that the major salt deposits could have accumulated from atmospheric deposition in a period of 200,000 to 2.0 M years during hyper-arid conditions similar to those currently found in the Atacama Desert. Correlations between Delta(17)O and 8180 in nitrate salts from the Atacama Desert and Mojave Desert, California, indicate varying fractions of microbial and photochemical end-member sources. The photochemical nitrate isotope signature is well preserved in the driest surficial environments that are almost lifeless, whereas the microbial nitrate isotope signature becomes dominant rapidly with increasing moisture, biologic activity, and nitrogen cycling. These isotopic signatures have important implications for paleoclimate, astrobiology, and N cycling studies. Copyright (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. United State Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP Michalski, G (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM gmichalski@popmail.ucsd.edu NR 107 TC 134 Z9 144 U1 1 U2 65 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD OCT PY 2004 VL 68 IS 20 BP 4023 EP 4038 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2004.04.009 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 862TV UT WOS:000224514900001 ER PT J AU Bannister, S Bryan, CJ Bibby, HM AF Bannister, S Bryan, CJ Bibby, HM TI Shear wave velocity variation across the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand, from receiver function inversion SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE crustal structure; receiver functions; Taupo Volcanic Zone; waveform inversion ID UPPERMOST MANTLE BENEATH; CRUSTAL ANISOTROPY; NEIGHBORHOOD ALGORITHM; GEOPHYSICAL INVERSION; NORTH-ISLAND; MAGMA BODY; BACK-ARC; DEFORMATION; SCATTERING; PARAMETER AB The Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ), New Zealand is a region characterized by very high magma eruption rates and extremely high heat flow, which is manifest in high-temperature geothermal waters. The shear wave velocity structure across the region is inferred using non-linear inversion of receiver functions, which were derived from teleseismic earthquake data. Results from the non-linear inversion, and from forward synthetic modelling, indicate low S velocities at similar to6-16 km depth near the Rotorua and Reporoa calderas. We infer these low-velocity layers to represent the presence of high-level bodies of partial melt associated with the volcanism. Receiver functions at other stations are complicated by reverberations associated with near-surface sedimentary layers. The receiver function data also indicate that the Moho lies between 25 and 30 km, deeper than the 15 +/- 2 km depth previously inferred for the crust-mantle boundary beneath the TVZ. C1 Inst Geol & Nucl Sci, Lower Hutt 6315, New Zealand. US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA USA. RP Bannister, S (reprint author), Inst Geol & Nucl Sci, POB 30368, Lower Hutt 6315, New Zealand. EM s.bannister@gns.cri.nz RI Bannister, Stephen /B-4038-2008; OI Bannister, Stephen/0000-0002-2125-0506 NR 53 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 159 IS 1 BP 291 EP 310 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02384.x PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 854BE UT WOS:000223874200019 ER PT J AU Howell, DG AF Howell, DG TI Thomas Gold - In memoriam SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Howell, DG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 USA SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD OCT PY 2004 VL 49 IS 10 BP 53 EP 53 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 859RU UT WOS:000224286400024 ER PT J AU Jurisson, S Gawenis, J Landa, ER AF Jurisson, S Gawenis, J Landa, ER TI Sorption of Tc-99m radiopharmaceutical compounds by soils SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE radiopharmaceuticals; Tc-99m; soil; adsorption ID SKELETAL IMAGING AGENTS; NUCLEAR-MEDICINE; TECHNETIUM; CHEMISTRY; DIPHOSPHONATES; COMPLEX AB Study of the sorption of Tc-99m radiopharmaceutical compounds by soils has assessed the fate of these compounds in the event of a surface spill and examined the potential of these compounds as hydrologic tracers. Sorption from deionized water, filtered Missouri River water, and artificial seawater by five surface soils was investigated. For all water types, the Tc radiopharmaceutical compounds showed greater sorption than the uncomplexed pertechnetate. The most lipophilic complexes showed the highest sorption on soils. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Landa, ER (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM erlanda@usgs.gov NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 87 IS 4 BP 423 EP 428 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000128583.33124.7d PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 854KP UT WOS:000223901900010 PM 15359190 ER PT J AU Magoulick, DD AF Magoulick, DD TI Effects of predation risk on habitat selection by water column fish, benthic fish and crayfish in stream pools SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE prey size; spatial scale; fish assemblage; habitat shifts; water depth ID SMALLMOUTH BASS; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSE; PISCIVOROUS BASS; MICROHABITAT USE; GRAZING MINNOWS; ROCK BASS; PREY; DEPTH; ASSEMBLAGE; SIZE AB Predation risk can affect habitat selection by water column streamfish and crayfish, but little is known regarding effects of predation risk on habitat selection by benthic fish or assemblages of fish and crayfish. I used comparative studies and manipulative field experiments to determine whether, ( 1) habitat selection by stream fish and crayfish is affected by predation risk, and ( 2) benthic fish, water column fish, and crayfish differ in their habitat selection and response to predation risk. Snorkeling was used to observe fish and crayfish in, (1) unmanipulated stream pools with and without large smallmouth bass predators ( Micropterus dolomieui>200 mm total length, TL) and (2) manipulated stream pools before and after addition of a single large smallmouth bass, to determine if prey size and presence of large fish predators affected habitat selection. Observations of microhabitat use were compared with microhabitat availability to determine microhabitat selection. Small fish (60-100 mm TL, except darters that were 30-100 mm TL) and crayfish (40-100 mm rostrum to telson length; TL) had significantly reduced densities in pools with large bass, whereas densities of large fish and crayfish (>100 mm TL) did not differ significantly between pools with and without large bass. Small orangethroat darters (Etheostoma spectabile), northern crayfish (Orconectes virilis), and creek chubs (Semotilus atromaculatus) showed significantly greater densities in pools without large bass. The presence of large smallmouth bass did not significantly affect depths selected by fish and crayfish, except minnows, which were found significantly more often at medium depths when bass were present. Small minnows and large and small crayfish showed the greatest response to additions of bass to stream pools by moving away from bass locations and into shallow water. Small darters and sunfish showed an intermediate response, whereas large minnows showed no significant response to bass additions. Response to predation risk was dependent on prey size and species, with preferred prey, crayfish and small minnows, showing the greatest response. Small benthic fish, such as darters, are intermediate between small water column fish and crayfish and large water column fish in their risk of predation from large smallmouth bass. C1 Univ Arkansas, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Dept Biol Sci,Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife R, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Magoulick, DD (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Dept Biol Sci,Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife R, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM danmag@uark.edu NR 52 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 20 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD OCT PY 2004 VL 527 IS 1 BP 209 EP 221 DI 10.1023/B:HYDR.0000043302.32382.59 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 857PK UT WOS:000224130600020 ER PT J AU Harding, AMA Van Pelt, TI Lifjeld, JT Mehlum, F AF Harding, AMA Van Pelt, TI Lifjeld, JT Mehlum, F TI Sex differences in Little Auk Alle alle parental care: transition from biparental to paternal-only care SO IBIS LA English DT Article ID PREFLEDGING MASS RECESSION; MANX SHEARWATERS; LIFE HISTORIES; URIA-AALGE; FEMALE; DESERTION; BEHAVIOR; ALCIDAE; AUKLETS; GROWTH AB Understanding differences in male and female care in biparental care systems can help interpret the selective pressures that shape parental strategies. We examined Little Auk Alle alle parental care at a breeding colony during the chick-rearing and fledging periods by conducting observations on marked, known-sex pairs, and by examining the sex ratio of birds carrying food to the colony. Little Auks transitioned from biparental to mostly paternal-only care during late chick-rearing. Males delivered more meals and spent more time at the colony than females during late chick-rearing. Very few females were present at the colony by the end of chick-rearing and through the fledging period, and all marked parents observed accompanying their chick to sea were male. Chick mass loss prior to fledging was associated with the lack of provisioning by the female parent, rather than a reduction in feeding frequency by both parents. The occurrence of paternal-only care during and after fledging is discussed in relation to physiological, ecological and phylogenetic constraints. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Geophys, Polish Polar Stn Hornsund, Spitsbergen, Norway. Univ Oslo, Nat Hist Museums & Bot Garden, Zool Museum, N-0318 Oslo, Norway. RP Harding, AMA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM ann_harding@usgs.gov RI Lifjeld, Jan/B-1978-2008 OI Lifjeld, Jan/0000-0002-9172-9985 NR 51 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0019-1019 J9 IBIS JI Ibis PD OCT PY 2004 VL 146 IS 4 BP 642 EP 651 DI 10.1111/j.1474-919x.2004.00297.x PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 857QA UT WOS:000224132200006 ER PT J AU Johnson, JR Grundy, WM Shepard, MK AF Johnson, JR Grundy, WM Shepard, MK TI Visible/near-infrared spectrogoniometric observations and modeling of dust-coated rocks SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE spectrophotometry; photometry; Mars; surface; radiative transfer ID THERMAL EMISSION SPECTROMETER; PATHFINDER LANDING SITE; MARS PATHFINDER; PHOTOMETRIC PROPERTIES; SURFACE; REFLECTANCE; SPECTRA; SOIL; ATMOSPHERE; SOJOURNER AB Interpretations of visible/near-infrared reflectance spectra of Mars are often complicated by the effects of dust coatings that obscure the underlying materials of interest. The ability to separate the spectral reflectance signatures of coatings and substrates requires an understanding of how their individual and combined reflectance properties vary with phase angle. Toward this end, laboratory multispectral observations of rocks coated with different amounts of Mars analog dust were acquired under variable illumination and viewing geometries using the Bloomsburg University Goniometer (BUG). These bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) data were fit with a two-layer radiative transfer model, which replicated BUG observations of dust-coated basaltic andesite substrates relatively well. Derived single scattering albedo and phase function parameters for the dust were useful in testing the model's ability to derive the spectrum of a "blind" substrate (unknown to the modeler) coated with dust. Subsequent tests were run using subsets of the BUG data restricted by goniometric or coating thickness coverage. Using the entire data set provided the best constraints on model parameters, although some reductions in goniometric coverage could be tolerated without substantial degradation. Predictably, the most thinly coated samples provided the best information on the substrate, whereas the thickest coatings best replicated the dust. Dust zenith optical thickness values similar to 0.6-0.8 best constrain the substrate and coating simultaneously, particularly for large ranges of incidence or emission angles. The lack of sufficient angles can be offset by having a greater number and range of coatings thicknesses. Given few angles and thicknesses, few constraints can be placed concurrently on the spectral properties of the coating and substrate. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Bloomsburg Univ, Dept Geog & Geosci, Bloomsburg, PA 17815 USA. RP Johnson, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM jrjohnson@usgs.gov RI Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015 NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD OCT PY 2004 VL 171 IS 2 BP 546 EP 556 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.05.013 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 857ZU UT WOS:000224160600019 ER PT J AU Coupe, RH Blomquist, JD AF Coupe, RH Blomquist, JD TI Water-soluble pesticides in finished water of community water supplies SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER; RIVER WATER; REMOVAL; CHLORINATION; OZONATION; RAW; GAC AB To evaluate the effect of the treatment process on pesticide concentration, source water and finished (treated) water samples were collected from 12 community water systems (CWSs) and analyzed for water-soluble pesticides. The pesticides most frequently detected in the source water were the triazine herbicides (atrazine, cyanazine, prometon, and simazine) and the chloroacetanilide herbicides (acetochlor, alachlor, and metolachlor). Atrazine, metolachlor, prometon, and simazine were detected in the source and finished water of every system sampled. Deethylatrazine, a degradate, was detected in the source and finished water of every CWS but one. The triazine and chloroacetanilide herbicides were usually detected in the finished water after the treatment process, although for most treatment plants the concentrations were significantly less in the finished water. For other pesticides detected in source water-especially the organophosphate insecticides and other sulfur-containing pesticides (diazinon, chlorpyrifos, malathion, and metribuzin)-the treatment process either removed or degraded the pesticide completely. C1 USGS, Pearl, MS 39208 USA. RP Coupe, RH (reprint author), USGS, 308 S Airport Rd, Pearl, MS 39208 USA. EM rhcoupe@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 96 IS 10 BP 56 EP 68 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 863PR UT WOS:000224574500011 ER PT J AU Beever, EA Brussard, PF AF Beever, EA Brussard, PF TI Community- and landscape-level responses of reptiles and small mammals to feral-horse grazing in the Great Basin SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Granivorous small mammals; Great Basin; Feral-horse grazing; Equus caballus; species pools; Reptiles; Peromyscus maniculatus; sagebrush ID LIVESTOCK EXCLOSURE; SPECIES RICHNESS; NATIONAL-PARKS; BIODIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEMS; RODENTS; DISTURBANCES; POPULATIONS; HERBIVORES; ARIZONA AB We investigated species- and community-level responses of squamate reptiles and granivorous small mammals to feral-horse grazing in two elevational strata across nine mountain ranges of the western Great Basin, USA. Although mammal species richness did not differ between horse-occupied and horse-removed sites, occupied sites possessed less community completeness (biotic integrity) and 1.1-7.4 times greater deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) than removed sites. In opposite fashion, horse-removed sites possessed greater reptile species richness and tended towards greater abundance for seven of nine species, yet unequal species pools across sites dictated that community completeness did not differ statistically between horse-removed and -occupied sites. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USGS BRD, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Nevada, Program Ecol Evol & Conservat Biol 314, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Beever, EA (reprint author), USGS BRD, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM erik_beever@usgs.gov NR 66 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 25 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 59 IS 2 BP 271 EP 297 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2003.12.008 PG 27 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 847TW UT WOS:000223418800006 ER PT J AU Gray, ST Fastie, CL Jackson, ST Betancourt, JL AF Gray, ST Fastie, CL Jackson, ST Betancourt, JL TI Tree-ring-based reconstruction of precipitation in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, since 1260 AD SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; TIME-SERIES; DROUGHT FREQUENCY; NORTH-AMERICA; PACIFIC; OSCILLATION; ENSO; STREAMFLOW; REGIMES AB Cores and cross sections from 79 Douglas fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii) and limber pine ( Pinus flexilis) trees at four sites in the Bighorn Basin of north-central Wyoming and south-central Montana were used to develop a proxy for annual ( June - June) precipitation spanning 1260 - 1998 A. D. The reconstruction exhibits considerable nonstationarity, and the instrumental era (post-1900) in particular fails to capture the full range of precipitation variability experienced in the past; 750 years. Both single-year and decadal-scale dry events were more severe before 1900. Dry spells in the late thirteenth and sixteenth centuries surpass both magnitude and duration of any droughts in the Bighorn Basin after 1900. Precipitation variability appears to shift to a higher-frequency mode after 1750, with 15 - 20-yr droughts becoming rare. Comparisons between instrumental and reconstructed values of precipitation and indices of Pacific basin variability reveal that precipitation in the Bighorn Basin generally responds to Pacific forcing in a manner similar to that of the southwestern United States ( drier during La Nina events), but high country precipitation in areas surrounding the basin displays the opposite response ( drier during El Nino events). C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Middlebury Coll, Dept Biol, Middlebury, VT 05753 USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. US Geol Survey, Desert Lab, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Gray, ST (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Big Sky Inst, 106 AJM Johnson Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM sgray@montana.edu NR 47 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 17 IS 19 BP 3855 EP 3865 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<3855:TROPIT>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 860RZ UT WOS:000224362100015 ER PT J AU Liu, HH Salve, R Wang, JS Bodvarsson, GS Hudson, D AF Liu, HH Salve, R Wang, JS Bodvarsson, GS Hudson, D TI Field investigation into unsaturated flow and transport in a fault: model analyses SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE fault; matrix; fracture ID YUCCA MOUNTAIN; TRACER TESTS; FRACTURED ROCKS; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; MATRIX DIFFUSION; MASS-TRANSFER; POROUS-MEDIA; SEEPAGE; POROSITY; NEVADA AB Results of a fault test performed in the unsaturated zone of Yucca Mountain, Nevada, were analyzed using a three-dimensional numerical model. The fault was explicitly represented as a discrete feature and the surrounding rock was treated as a dual-continuum (fracture-matrix) system. Model calibration against seepage and water-travel-velocity data suggests that lithophysal cavities connected to fractures can considerably enhance the effective fracture porosity and therefore retard water flow in fractures. Comparisons between simulation results and tracer concentration data also indicate that matrix diffusion is an important mechanism for solute transport in unsaturated fractured rock. We found that an increased fault-matrix and fracture-matrix interface areas were needed to match the observed tracer data, which is consistent with previous studies. The study results suggest that the current site-scale model for the unsaturated zone of Yucca Mountain may underestimate radionuclide transport time within the unsaturated zone, because an increased fracture-matrix interface area and the increased effective fracture porosity arising from lithophysal cavities are not considered in the current site-scale model. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Earth Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Earth Sci Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd Mailstop 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM hhliu@lbl.gov NR 45 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 EI 1873-6009 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 74 IS 1-4 BP 39 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2004.02.004 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 858IW UT WOS:000224186500003 PM 15358486 ER PT J AU Keefer, ML Peery, CA Jepson, MA Stuehrenberg, LC AF Keefer, ML Peery, CA Jepson, MA Stuehrenberg, LC TI Upstream migration rates of radio-tagged adult Chinook salmon in riverine habitats of the Columbia River basin SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adult; Chinook salmon; migration; Oncorhynchus; radiotelemetry ID SOCKEYE-SALMON; ATLANTIC SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; RETURN MIGRATION; PACIFIC SALMON; BEHAVIOR; POPULATIONS; TEMPERATURE; GAIRDNERI AB Upstream migration rates were assessed for 1801 radio-tagged adult spring-summer Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha through 12 unimpounded river reaches in the Columbia River basin front 1997 to 2002. Reaches were 36 to 241 km long (mean = 130 km) and included sections of the large Columbia and Snake Rivers and smaller free-flowing tributaries. Median Chinook salmon migration rates ranged from < 10 km day(-1) in the Deschutes and Clearwater Rivers to > 35 km day(-1) in the Columbia and Snake Rivers. Using multivariate analyses, migration date explained the most variance in Chinook salmon migration rates while river discharge, migration year and migration reach were secondary. Both within and between years, Chinook salmon migrated more rapidly as migration date increased and more slowly when discharge was high. Arrival at high elevation spawning grounds at appropriate times and increased metabolic activity and reproductive maturation may explain the greater power of migration date, relative to river discharge, in predicting migration rates of Columbia basin spring-summer Chinook salmon. (C) 2004 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. C1 Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Keefer, ML (reprint author), Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM mkeefer@uidaho.edu NR 49 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 65 IS 4 BP 1126 EP 1141 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2004.00522.x PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 860WH UT WOS:000224374000017 ER PT J AU Keeley, JE Fotheringham, CJ Moritz, MA AF Keeley, JE Fotheringham, CJ Moritz, MA TI Lessons from the October 2003 wildfires in Southern California SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE firestorm; fuel mosaics; historical fires; Santa Ana winds; policy ID NORTHERN BAJA-CALIFORNIA; FIRE REGIMES AB The Southern California fires of late Oct. 2003 burned 742,000 ac and destroyed 3,361 homes is and 26 lives. Factors leading up to this event were very different between forests, which comprised about 5% of the area burned, and shrublands. Three lessons are (1) although these fires were massive, they were not unprecedented, and future fires of this magnitude are to be expected; (2) the current fire management policy is not effective at preventing these massive fires; and (3) future developments need to plan for these natural fire events much the same way we currently incorporate engineering solutions to earthquakes and other natural catastrophes. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Evolutionary Biol Ecol & Evolut, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ecosyst Sci Div, Environm Sci Policy & Management Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Keeley, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. EM jon_keeley@usgs.gov NR 19 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 13 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD OCT-NOV PY 2004 VL 102 IS 7 BP 26 EP 31 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 871RG UT WOS:000225150400011 ER PT J AU Sheppard, DM Odeh, M Glasser, T AF Sheppard, DM Odeh, M Glasser, T TI Large scale clear-water local pier scour experiments SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE scour; cohesionless sediment; suspended sediments; piers; piles; velocity ID BRIDGE PIERS AB Local clear-water scour tests were performed with three different diameter circular piles (0.114, 0.305, and 0.914 m), three different uniform cohesionless sediment diameters (0.22, 0.80, and 2.90 mm) and a range of water depths and flow velocities. The tests were performed in the 6.1 m wide, 6.4 m deep, and 38.4 m long flume at the United States Geological Survey Conte Research Center in Turners Falls, Mass. These tests extend local scour data obtained in controlled experiments to prototype size piles and ratios of pile diameter to sediment diameter to 4,155. Supply water for this flow through flume was supplied by a hydroelectric power plant reservoir and the concentration of suspended fine sediment (wash load) could not be controlled. Equilibrium scour depths were found to depend on the wash load concentration. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Civil & Coastal Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. US Geol Survey, LSC, CAFRC, Environm Hydraul Grp, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. Ocean Engn Associates Inc, Gainesville, FL 32606 USA. RP Sheppard, DM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Civil & Coastal Engn, 365 Weil Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM sheppard@ufl.edu; odehm@usgs.gov; tom@oea-inc.com NR 11 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 14 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD OCT PY 2004 VL 130 IS 10 BP 957 EP 963 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2004)130:10(957) PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 864YL UT WOS:000224669200002 ER PT J AU Cryan, PM Bogan, MA Rye, RO Landis, GP Kester, CL AF Cryan, PM Bogan, MA Rye, RO Landis, GP Kester, CL TI Stable hydrogen isotope analysis of bat hair as evidence for seasonal molt and long-distance migration SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE deuterium; hoary bat; hydrogen; Lasiurus cinereus; migration; molt; stable isotopes ID WINTERING GROUNDS; NORTH-AMERICA; PRECIPITATION; POPULATIONS; ELEVATION; FEATHERS; LASIURUS; ORIGINS; MIGRANT; OXYGEN AB Although hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus) are presumed to be migratory and capable of long-distance dispersal, traditional marking techniques have failed to provide direct evidence of migratory movements by individuals. We measured the stable hydrogen isotope ratios of bat hair (deltaD(h)) and determined how these values relate to stable hydrogen isotope ratios of precipitation (deltaD(p)). Our results indicate that the major assumptions of stable isotope migration studies hold true for hoary bats and that the methodology provides a viable means of determining their migratory movements. We present evidence that a single annual molt occurs in L. cinereus prior to migration and that there is a strong relationship between deltaD(h) and deltaD(p) during the molt period. This presumably reflects the incorporation of local deltaD(p) into newly grown hair. Furthermore, we present evidence that individual hoary bats are capable of traveling distances in excess of 2,000 km and that hair is grown at a wide range of latitudes and elevations. Stable hydrogen isotope analysis offers a promising new tool for the study of bat migration. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Univ New Mexico, US Geol Survey, Arid Lands Field Stn, Ft Collins Sci Ctr,Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. US Geol Survey, Stable Isotope & Gas Chem Lab, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Cryan, PM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM paul_cryan@usgs.gov OI Cryan, Paul/0000-0002-2915-8894 NR 36 TC 78 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 19 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 85 IS 5 BP 995 EP 1001 DI 10.1644/BRG-202 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 864XU UT WOS:000224667300019 ER PT J AU Choudhury, A Hoffnagle, TL Cole, RA AF Choudhury, A Hoffnagle, TL Cole, RA TI Parasites of native and nonnative fishes of the Little Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Arizona SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER FISHES; TAPEWORM BOTHRIOCEPHALUS-ACHEILOGNATHI; CAROLINA COOLING RESERVOIR; HELMINTH-PARASITES; SEASONAL DYNAMICS; ASIAN TAPEWORM; HUMPBACK CHUB; COMMUNITIES; TRIBUTARIES; PREDATION AB A 2-yr, seasonal, parasitological study of 1,435 fish, belonging to 4 species of native fishes and 7 species of normative fishes from the lower Little Colorado River (LCR) and tributary creeks, Grand Canyon, Arizona, yielded 17 species of parasites. These comprised 1 myxozoan (Henneguya exilis), 2 copepods (Ergasilus arthrosis and Lernaea cyprinacea), 1 acarine (Oribatida gen. sp.), 1 piscicolid leech (Myzobdella lugubris), 4 monogeneans (Gyrodactylus hoffmani, Gyrodactylus sp., Dactylogyrus extensus, and Ligictaluridus floridanus), 4 nematodes (Contracaecum sp., Eustrongylides sp., Rhabdochona sp., and Truttaedacnitis truttae), 3 cestodes (Bothriocephalus acheilognathi, Corallobothrium fimbriatum, and Megathylacoides giganteum), and 2 trematodes (Ornithodiplostomum sp. and Posthodiplostomum sp.). Rhabdochona sp. was the only adult parasite native to the LCR. Infection intensities of Ornithodiplostomum sp. and B. acheilognathi were positively correlated with length of the humpback chub Gila cypha. Adult helminths showed a high degree of host specificity, except B. acheilognathi, which was recovered from all fish species examined but was most abundant in cyprinids. Abundance of B. acheilognathi in the humpback chub was highest in the fall and lowest in the summer in both reaches of the LCR. There was no major taxonomic difference in parasite assemblages between the 2 different reaches of the river (LC1 and LC2). Parasite community diversity was very similar in humpback chub, regardless of sampling site or time. The parasite fauna of the LCR is numerically dominated by B. acheilognathi and metacercariae of Ornithodiplostomum sp. The richest and most diverse component community occurred in a normative species, the channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, but infracommunity species richness was highest in a native host, humpback chub. C1 USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Cole, RA (reprint author), USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM Rebecca_cole@usgs.gov NR 60 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 90 IS 5 BP 1042 EP 1053 DI 10.1645/GE-3244 PG 12 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 869GM UT WOS:000224971400017 PM 15562604 ER PT J AU Moran, MJ Lapham, WW Rowe, BL Zogorski, JS AF Moran, MJ Lapham, WW Rowe, BL Zogorski, JS TI Volatile organic compounds in ground water from rural private wells, 1986 to 1999 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE ground water; volatile organic compounds (VOCs); private wells; occurrence; drinking water; domestic supply ID TRIHALOMETHANES; CHLOROFORM; SOIL AB The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collected or compiled data on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in samples of untreated ground water from 1,926 rural private wells during 1986 to 1999. At least one VOC was detected in 12 percent of samples from rural private wells. Individual VOCs were not commonly detected with the seven most frequently detected compounds found in only 1 to 5 percent of samples at or above a concentration of 0.2 microgram per liter (mug/l). An assessment level of 0.2 mug/l was selected so that comparisons of detection frequencies between VOCs could be made. The seven most frequently detected VOCs were: trichloromethane, methyl tert-butyl ether, tetrachloroethene, dichlorodifluoromethane, methylbenzene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane. Solvents and trihalomethanes were the most frequently detected VOC groups in private wells. The distributions of detections of gasoline oxygenates and fumigants seemed to be related to the use patterns of compounds in these groups. Mixtures were a common mode of occurrence of VOCs with one-quarter of all samples with detections including two or more The concentrations of most detected VOCs were relatively small and only 1.4 percent of samples had one or more VOC concentrations that exceeded a federally established drinking water standard or health criterion. C1 US Geol Survey, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Moran, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1608 Mt View Rd, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. EM mjmoran@usgs.gov NR 46 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1141 EP 1157 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01575.x PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 865SA UT WOS:000224721900002 ER PT J AU Busing, RT AF Busing, RT TI Red spruce dynamics in an old southern Appalachian forest SO JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Abies fraseri; forest decline; Great Smoky Mountains; Picea rubens; spruce-fir forest; tree mortality; wind disturbance ID GREAT-SMOKY-MOUNTAINS; WOOLLY ADELGID INFESTATION; FIR FORESTS; NORTH-CAROLINA; FRASER FIR; GROWTH; POPULATION; DECLINE; TRENDS; VEGETATION AB By the late 1980s the composition and structure of forest stands in the southern Appalachian spruce-fir zone were altered by insect infestations to Fraser fir. The response of red spruce, the sole remaining coniferous forest dominant, to this disturbance was followed over twenty years (1983-2003) in an old spruce-fir forest at Mt. Collins, Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Although diameter growth of canopy red spruce (>30 cm dbh) at six plot sites was considerable (mean 10-yr increment 2.1 cm; 1993-2003), red spruce mortality increased sharply (mean 4% yr(-1); 1993-2003). Wind-related mortality of canopy red spruce was substantial after the loss of Fraser fir from the canopy circa 1985 (>70% of the dead spruce had broken or uprooted boles; 1983-2003). Wind damage to red spruce was observed at most plot sites, but it was most pronounced on exposed topographic positions, where canopy gap expansion was extensive. The elevated mortality of red spruce at Mt. Collins was not associated with reduced diameter growth. Altered canopy structure has left large red spruce vulnerable to high winds. With the loss of canopy fir and the subsequent increase in mortality of canopy spruce, total live basal area has declined to about half of its pre-disturbance level. C1 US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Busing, RT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM rbusing@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 16 PU TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0040-9618 J9 J TORREY BOT SOC JI J. Torrey Bot. Soc. PD OCT-DEC PY 2004 VL 131 IS 4 BP 337 EP 342 DI 10.2307/4126939 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 898MN UT WOS:000227081000006 ER PT J AU Dusek, RJ Spalding, MG Forrester, DJ Greiner, EC AF Dusek, RJ Spalding, MG Forrester, DJ Greiner, EC TI Haemoproteus balearicae and other blood parasites of free-ranging Florida sandhill crane chicks SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE anemia; Florida; Grus canadensis pratensis; Haemoproteus antigonis; Haemoproteus balearicae; Leucocytozoon grusi; sandhill crane ID INFECTIONS; ANEMIA; DUCKS AB We obtained blood smears from 114 Florida sandhill crane (Grus canadensis pratensis) chicks in Osceola and Lake Counties, Florida, USA, during 1998-2000. Leucocytozoon grusi was observed in 11 (10 %) chicks; Haemoproteus antigonis was observed in eight (7 %) chicks; and three (3 %) chicks were infected with Haemoproteus balearicae. One chick infected with H. balearicae suffered from severe anemia (packed cell vohnue = 13 %) and was later found moribund. At necropsy this bird also had severe anemia and damage to the heart possibly due to hypoxia. This is the first report of H. balearicae in free-ranging North American cranes. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Dusek, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM rdusek@usgs.gov OI Dusek, Robert/0000-0001-6177-7479 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 40 IS 4 BP 682 EP 687 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 889PD UT WOS:000226454000006 PM 15650085 ER PT J AU Nol, P Williamson, JL Rocke, TE Yuill, TM AF Nol, P Williamson, JL Rocke, TE Yuill, TM TI Detection of Clostridium botulinum type C cells in the gastrointestinal tracts of Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) by polymerase chain reaction SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Clostridium botulinum type C; diagnostic technique; polymerase chain reaction; tilapia ID ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; FISH; PCR; PREVALENCE AB We established a method of directly detecting Clostridium. botulinum type C cells, while minimizing spore detection in the, intestinal contents of Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). This technique involved extraction of predominantly ccllular DNA from tilapia intestinal tracts and used a polymerase chain reaction assay to detect presence of type C-1 toxin gene. We consistently detected C. botulinum type C cells in tilapia gastrointestinal contents at a level of 7.5x10(4) bells per 0.25 g material or 1.9x10(3) cells. This technique is useful for determining prevalence of the potentially active organisms within a given population of fish and may be adapted to other types of C. botulinum and vertebrate populations as well. C1 USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Nol, P (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM pauline.nol@aphis.usda.gov OI Rocke, Tonie/0000-0003-3933-1563 NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 40 IS 4 BP 749 EP 753 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 889PD UT WOS:000226454000015 PM 15650094 ER PT J AU Carpenter, JW Andrews, GA Beyer, WN AF Carpenter, JW Andrews, GA Beyer, WN TI Zinc toxicosis in a free-flying trumpeter swan (Cygnus buccinator) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE amyloidosis; anseriformes; Cygnus buccinator; mortality; trumpeter swan; zinc toxicity ID INGESTION; TOXICITY AB A trumpeter swan (Cygnus buccinator) was observed near it mill pond in Picher, Oklahoma. USA. It became weakened and emaciated after about 1 mo, was captured with little resistance, and taken into captivity for medical care. Serum chemistry results were consistent with hepatic, renal, and muscular damage. Serum zinc concentration was elevated at 11.2 parts per million (ppm). The swan was treated for suspected heavy-metal poisoning, but died overnight. Gross Postmortem findings were emaciation and pectoral muscle atrophy Histopathologic lesions in the pancreas included mild diffuse disruption of acinar architecture. severe diffuse depletion or absence of zymogen granules, occasional apoptotic bodies ics in acinar epithelial cells, and niild interstitial and capsular fibrosis. Zinc concentration in pancreas was 3,200 ppm wet weight, and was similar to that reported in the pancreases of waterfowl known to be killed by zinc toxicity. Zinc concentrations in liver (154 ppm) and kidneys (145 ppm) also were elevated. Acute tubular necrosis of the collectin g tubules of the kidneys was also possibly due to zinc toxicity. To the authors knowledge, this is the first confirmed case of zinc poisoning in a trumpeter swan associated with mining wastes. C1 Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Diagnost Med Pathobiol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Carpenter, JW (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM carpentr@vet.k-state.edu NR 12 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 40 IS 4 BP 769 EP 774 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 889PD UT WOS:000226454000019 PM 15650098 ER PT J AU Sepulveda, MS Wiebe, JJ Honeyfield, DC Rauschenberger, HR Hinterkopf, JP Johnson, WE Gross, TS AF Sepulveda, MS Wiebe, JJ Honeyfield, DC Rauschenberger, HR Hinterkopf, JP Johnson, WE Gross, TS TI Organochlorine pesticides and thiamine in eggs of largemouth bass and American alligators and their relationship with early life-stage mortality SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FLORIDA; FISH AB Thiamine deficiency has been linked to early mortality syndrome in salmonids in the Great Lakes. This study was conducted to compare thiamine concentrations in American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) and Florida largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides floridanus) eggs from sites with high embryo mortality and high exposure to organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) (Lakes Apopka and Griffin, and Emeralda Marsh, Florida, USA) to those from sites that have historical, exhibited low embryo mortality and low OCPs (Lakes Woodruff and Orange, Florida). During June-July 2000, 20 alligator clutches were collected from these sites, artificially incubated, and monitored for ernbryo mortality Thiamine and OCPs were measured in one-egg/clutch. During February 2002, 10 adult female bass were collected from Emeralda Marsh and Lake Woodruff and mature ovaries analyzed for thiamine and OCP concentrations. Although ovaries from the Emeralda Marsh bass contained almost 1,000-fold more OCPs compared with the reference site, Lake Woodruff, there were no differences in thiamine concentrations between sites (11,710 vs. 11,857 pmol/g). In contrast, alligator eggs from the reference site had five times the amount of thiamine compared with the contaminated sites (3,123 vs. 617 pmol/g). Similarly, clutches with > 55% hatch rates had significantly higher concentrations of thiamine compared with clutches,with < 54% hatch rates (1,119 vs. 201 pmol/g). These results suggest that thiamine deficiency might be playing an important role in alligator embryo survival but not in reproductive failure and recruitment of largemouth bass. The cause(s) of this thiamine deficiency are unknown but might be related to differences in the nutritional value of prey items across the sites studied and/or to the presence of high concentration of containing ants in eggs. C1 Univ Florida, Ctr Environm & Human Toxicol, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ctr Aquat Resource Studies, USGS, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Eustis Fisheries Res Lab, Eustis, FL 32726 USA. RP Sepulveda, MS (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ctr Environm & Human Toxicol, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM marisep@ufl.edu RI Sepulveda, Maria/P-3598-2014 FU PHS HHS [P42-07357] NR 12 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 40 IS 4 BP 782 EP 786 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 889PD UT WOS:000226454000021 PM 15650100 ER PT J AU Stedman, R Diefenbach, DR Swope, CB Finley, JC Luloff, AE Zinn, HC San Julian, GJ Wang, GA AF Stedman, R Diefenbach, DR Swope, CB Finley, JC Luloff, AE Zinn, HC San Julian, GJ Wang, GA TI Integrating wildlife and human-dimensions research methods to study hunters SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE activity patterns; aerial surveys; distribution; Geographic Information System; Global Positioning System; human dimension surveys; hunting; hunter behavior; Odocoileus virginianus; Pennsylvania; white-tailed deer ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; TRIANGULATION ERROR; HABITAT SELECTION; AERIAL SURVEYS; SOUTH-DAKOTA; RADIOTELEMETRY; MOVEMENT; GPS; POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT AB Recreational hunting is the primary management tool used by natural resource agencies to control ungulate populations. Although free-ranging ungulates have been studied extensively in North America, relatively little is known about the field behavior of hunters or the factors that influence hunting behavior, except on small study areas where access is limited and controlled. We developed 3 integrated protocols to estimate hunter density, distribution, movements, habitat use, characteristics, and attitudes, which can be used on large areas with unrestricted access. We described how aerial surveys, in conjunction with distance sampling techniques and a Geographic Information System (GIS) database of landscape characteristics, provide estimates of hunter density and a map of hunter distribution and habitat use. We used Global Positioning System (GPS) units issued to hunters to systematically record hunter locations. Hunters also completed a simple questionnaire. We linked these data and used them to obtain detailed information on habitat use, movements, and activity patterns. Whereas aerial surveys are limited to discrete points in time and relate only to aggregations of hunters, data collected on hunters that carry GPS units can be used to study habitat use and distribution at different times of day for individual hunters. Finally, linked responses from a traditional mail or telephone survey to hunter location data collected via GPS units to assess how hunter characteristics (e.g., age, physical condition, attitudes) were related to field behavior. We applied these techniques during a white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) hunting season on a large tract (45,749 ha) of public land in Pennsylvania, USA, with unrestricted hunter access. We estimated density of 7 hunters/1,000 ha (95% CI: 4.2 to 10.3) in the morning and 6.3 hunters/1,000 ha (95% CI: 3.5 to 10.0) in the afternoon. We found that hunter density was negatively related to distance from roads and slope. Most hunters preferred stand hunting, especially in the early morning hours (0600-0800 hr; 72% stationary); more walked or stalked in the afternoon (1400-1600 hr; 58% stationary). The average maximum distance hunters reached from a road open to public vehicles was 0.84 km (SE = 0.03), and they walked an average of 5.48 km (SE = 0.193) during their daily hunting activities. We believe that the approaches we used for studying hunter behavior will be useful for understanding the connections between hunter attitudes and behavior and hence will allow managers to predict hunter response to changes in harvest regulations. Furthermore, our methods are more accurate than requesting hunters to self-report where they hunted. For example, we found that hunters reported that they walked >2.5 times farther from the nearest road ((x) over bar = 2.23 km, SE = 0.13) than actual distance recorded via GPS units ((x) over bar = 0.84 km, SE = 0.03). Our research provides wildlife managers with new knowledge on several levels. At the most basic level, we learned a great deal about what hunters actually do while in the field, rather than simply what they report. Second, linking field behavior with hunter characteristics will provide insights into the likely effects of changing hunter demographics. Finally, linking these data with traditional human-dimensions research topics, such as attitudes toward hunting regulations, may allow managers to better forecast the potential effects of regulation changes on hunter distribution and effort. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Agr Econ & Rural Sociol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Merkle Lab 113, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Sch Hotel Restaurant & Creat Management, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Stedman, R (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Agr Econ & Rural Sociol, 111-B Armsby Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM rstedman@psu.edu NR 52 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 44 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 68 IS 4 BP 762 EP 773 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0762:IWAHRM]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 887RI UT WOS:000226322800002 ER PT J AU Keating, KA Cherry, S AF Keating, KA Cherry, S TI Use and interpretation of logistic regression in habitat selection studies SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bias; case-control; contaminated control; exponential model; habitat modeling; log-binomial model; logistic model; resource selection function; resource selection probability function; sampling design; use-availability ID RATE RATIO ESTIMATION; CASE-COHORT DESIGNS; CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY; GRIZZLY BEARS; RISK RATIO; MODELS; HYPERTENSION; ABUNDANCE; RATES AB Logistic regression is an important tool for wildlife habitat-selection studies, but the method frequently has been misapplied due to an inadequate understanding of the logistic model, its interpretation, and the influence of sampling design. To promote better use of this method, we review its application and interpretation under 3 sampling designs: random, case-control, and use-availability. Logistic regression is appropriate for habitat use-nonuse studies employing random sampling and can be used to directly model the conditional probability of use in such cases. Logistic regression also is appropriate for studies employing case-control sampling designs, but careful attention is required to interpret results correctly. Unless bias can be estimated or probability of use is small for all habitats, results of case-control studies should be interpreted as odds ratios, rather than probability of use or relative probability of use. When data are gathered under a use-availability design, logistic regression can be used to estimate approximate odds ratios if probability of use is small, at least on average. More generally, however, logistic regression is inappropriate for modeling habitat selection in use-availability studies. In particular, using logistic regression to fit the exponential model of Manly et al. (2002:100) does not guarantee maximum-likelihood estimates, valid probabilities, or valid likelihoods. We show that the resource selection function (RSF) commonly used for the exponential model is proportional to a logistic discriminant function. Thus, it may be used to rank habitats with respect to probability of use and to identify important habitat characteristics or their surrogates, but it is not guaranteed to be proportional to probability of use. Other problems associated with the exponential model also are discussed. We describe an alternative model based on Lancaster and Imbens (1996) that offers a method for estimating conditional probability of use in use-availability studies. Although promising, this model fails to converge to a unique solution in some important situations. Further work is needed to obtain a robust method that is broadly applicable to use-availability studies. C1 Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Keating, KA (reprint author), Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM kkeating@montana.edu NR 37 TC 298 Z9 319 U1 11 U2 153 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 68 IS 4 BP 774 EP 789 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0774:UAIOLR]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 887RI UT WOS:000226322800003 ER PT J AU Roffe, TJ Jones, LC Coffin, K Drew, ML Sweeney, SJ Hagius, SD Elzer, PH Davis, D AF Roffe, TJ Jones, LC Coffin, K Drew, ML Sweeney, SJ Hagius, SD Elzer, PH Davis, D TI Efficacy of single calfhood vaccination of elk with Brucella abortus strain 19 SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE abortion; Brucella abortus; Cervus elaphus; elk; Greater Yellowstone Area; infection; reproduction; vaccine efficacy ID RB51 VACCINATION; DOSAGE; BISON; COWS AB Brucellosis has been eradicated from cattle in the states of Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho, USA. However, free-ranging elk (Cervus elaphus) that use feedgrounds in the Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA) and bison (Bison bison) in Yellowstone and Grand Teton national parks still have high seroprevalence to the disease and have caused loss of brucellosis-free status in Wyoming. Management tools to control or eliminate the disease are limited; however, wildlife vaccination is among the methods currently used by wildlife managers in Wyoming. We conducted a controlled challenge study of single calfhood vaccination. Elk calves, caught in, January and February of 1999 and 2000 and acclimated to captivity for 3 weeks, were randomly assigned to control or vaccinate groups. The vaccinate groups received Brucella abortus vaccine strain 19 (S19) by hand-delivered intramuscular injection. Calves were raised to adulthood and bred at either 2.5 or 3.5 years of age for 2000 and 1999 captures, respectively. Eighty-nine (44 controls, 45 vaccinates) pregnant elk entered the challenge portion of the study. We challenged elk at mid-gestation with pathogenic B. abortus strain 2308 by intraconjunctival instillation. Abortion occurred in significantly more (P = 0.002) controls (42; 93%) than vaccinates (32; 71%), and vaccine protected 25% of the vaccinate group. We used Brucella culture of fetus/calf tissues to determine the efficacy of vaccination for preventing infection, and we found that the number of infected fetuses/calves did not differ between controls and vaccinates (P = 0.14). Based on these data, single calfhood vaccination with S19 has low efficacy, will likely have only little to moderate effect on Brucella prevalence in elk, and is unlikely to eradicate the disease in wildlife of the GYA. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Wildlife Hlth Lab, Caldwell, ID 83605 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Sch Vet Med, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Roffe, TJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1400 S 19th Ave, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. EM troffe@montana.edu RI APHA, Staff publications/E-6082-2010 NR 24 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 68 IS 4 BP 830 EP 836 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0830:EOSCVO]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 887RI UT WOS:000226322800007 ER PT J AU Schoenecker, KA Singer, FJ Zeigenfuss, LC Binkley, D Menezes, RSC AF Schoenecker, KA Singer, FJ Zeigenfuss, LC Binkley, D Menezes, RSC TI Effects of elk herbivory on vegetation and nitrogen processes SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE cervus elaphus; Colorado; elk herbivory; mineralization; nitrogen; overabundance; overgrazing; plant production; Rocky Mountain National Park; Salix; willows ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; NORTHERN WINTER RANGE; RED DEER; SERENGETI GRASSLANDS; GRAZING INTENSITY; MINERAL-NUTRITION; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; SOIL-NITROGEN; ISLE-ROYALE; PLANT AB We used 35-year and 4-year ungulate exclosures to determine the effects of elk (Cervus elaphus) herbivory on above-ground and below-ground production and soil fertility on the elk winter range in Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP), Colorado, USA. We used paired grazed and ungrazed plots to evaluate ungulate herbivory effects in short and tall willow (Salix spp.), aspen (Populus spp.), and upland grass/shrub vegetation associations. We measured nitrogen (N) fluxes (litter deposition, fecal and urinary deposition from elk, movements of N by elk, N mineralization, soil N availability, elk consumption rates) within the elk winter, above-ground and below-ground N pools (herbaceous, shrub and root biomass, %N in plants, roots, and soil), and N fluxes on and off the elk winter range (seasonal movement of N by elk). Nitrogen mineralization and soil nitrate (NON) pools were reduced in the short willow community (P = 0.07 and 0.10, respectively; n = 4 sites) in grazed plots, but not in the upland grass/shrub community or tall willow sites (P > 0.10). Annual growth of willows was reduced by 98% in grazed plots, relative to 35-year exclosures, and 66% relative to 4-year exclosures. Thus, height, canopy size, and litter biomass of willows were reduced, and N yield of willows was 64% less in grazed plots. We evaluated movement of N by elk among 6 major vegetation associations and found that elk grazed more and bedded less in willow vegetation association compared to mixed conifer, mesic meadow, and grassland/shrub associations (P = 0.014, 0.001, and 0.026, respectively), suggesting that elk herbivory and movement led to a net loss of N in the willow vegetation association. Elk spent less total time in willows than mesic meadow association, yet they consumed large amounts of willow plant biomass. We recommend management of elk numbers and elk herbivory that takes into consideration impacts to N process function, as negative effects from current levels of herbivory were observed in greater than or equal to1 of 3 vegetation associations studied. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Biol Resources Discipline, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Schoenecker, KA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Biol Resources Discipline, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM kate_schoenecker@usgs.gov NR 60 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 40 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 68 IS 4 BP 837 EP 849 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0837:EOEHOV]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 887RI UT WOS:000226322800008 ER PT J AU Rosenberry, CS Diefenbach, DR Wallingford, BD AF Rosenberry, CS Diefenbach, DR Wallingford, BD TI Reporting-rate variability and precision of white-tailed deer harvest estimates in Pennsylvania SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE accuracy; check station; estimate; harvest; Odocoileus virginianus; Pennsylvania; precision; registration; report card; reporting rate; white-tailed deer ID POPULATION; MANAGEMENT AB Use of reported harvests as an index to actual harvest assumes that the proportion of harvest reported is equal for all types of animals and hunters and does not vary spatially or temporally. We modeled reporting rates of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) harvest to determine whether they varied by year, deer management unit (DMU), type of deer (antlered or antlerless), or sex. During rifle seasons in Pennsylvania, USA, from 1990 to 2001, reporting rates varied by year, DMU, and type of deer (antlered or antlerless). Harvest estimates of antlered and antlerless deer were precise for both statewide (CV < 2.5%) and DMUs (CV < 24%, median CV < 5.2%). For DMUs, reported harvests were poor predictors of estimated antlered harvests (median R-2 = 0.287) but generally acceptable for antlerless harvests (median R-2 = 0.909). During the 2000 and 2001 hunting seasons, statewide average predicted reporting rates ranged from 36 to 60% and varied by year, hunting season, and type of deer. Average predicted reporting rates also varied by DMU (range = 31.5-57.5%). Applying rifle-season reporting rates to other seasons resulted in overestimating harvest by 26-28%. Variability of reporting rates precluded use of reported harvests as reliable indices of actual harvest. We recommend regular estimation of reporting rates and caution against assuming a constant reporting rate, even in consistent harvest registration systems. C1 Bur Wildlife Management, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Merkle Lab 113, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Bur Wildlife Management, Penn Game Commiss, Spring Mills, PA 16875 USA. RP Rosenberry, CS (reprint author), Bur Wildlife Management, 2001 Elmerton Ave, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. EM chrosenber@state.pa.us NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 68 IS 4 BP 860 EP 869 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0860:RVAPOW]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 887RI UT WOS:000226322800010 ER PT J AU Bender, LC Schirato, GA Spencer, RD McAllister, KR Murphie, BL AF Bender, LC Schirato, GA Spencer, RD McAllister, KR Murphie, BL TI Survival, cause-specific mortality, and harvesting of male black-tailed deer in Washington SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE black-tailed deer; cause-specific mortality; harvesting; Odocoileus hemionus columbianus; population reconstruction; survival ID MULE DEER; MOVEMENTS; COLORADO AB We determined survival rates, causes of mortality, and documented impacts of harvest on greater than or equal to1.5-year-old male (hereafter, male) Columbian black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) in 2 Washington, USA, game management units (GMUs; Skookumchuck and Snoqualmie) characterized by different hunting-season structures. We monitored 66 males (n = 28 and 38 annually) in Skookumchuck and 58 males (n = 26 and 32 annually) in Snoqualmie, September 1999-September 2001. Annual survival rates were 0.498 (SE = 0.066) in Skookumchuck and 0.519 (SE = 0.067) in Snoqualmie. Survival rates derived from population age structure did not differ from rates derived from radiotelemetry. Harvest was the primary mortality factor for each population, accounting for 67% (SE = 7; Skookumchuck) to 44% (SE = 9; Snoqualmie) of total annual mortality. Annual harvest-specific mortality rates were 0.317 (SE = 0.032) in Skookumchuck and 0.211 (SE = 0.021) in Snoqualmie, likely due to longer hunting seasons and greater hunter effort in Skookumchuck. Following the elimination of a late buck season centered on the rut in Snoqualmie, male harvest declined 56% and annual survival increased 60%, indicating that male harvest was largely additive to other mortality. Our results indicated that harvest was the primary influence on male black-tailed deer populations in Washington, was additive, and that the effect of harvest varied with hunting-season structure and hunter effort. Managers should not assume that harvesting removes a constant proportion of the male population annually, and management models that assume compensatory mortality in adult harvest may result in over-harvest of male populations. C1 Washington State Dept Fish & Wildlife, Cle Elum, WA 98922 USA. Washington State Dept Fish & Wildlife, Montesano, WA 98563 USA. Washington State Dept Fish & Wildlife, Mill Creek, WA 98045 USA. Washington State Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Bender, LC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 30003 MSC 4901, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM lbender@nmsu.edu NR 37 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 68 IS 4 BP 870 EP 878 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0870:SCMAHO]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 887RI UT WOS:000226322800011 ER PT J AU Lopez, RR Silvy, NJ Wilkins, RN Frank, PA Peterson, MJ Peterson, MN AF Lopez, RR Silvy, NJ Wilkins, RN Frank, PA Peterson, MJ Peterson, MN TI Habitat use patterns of Florida Key deer: Implications of urban development SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Florida Keys; habitat conservation planning; habitat use; Key deer; Odocoileus virginianus clavium; spatial; scale; urbanization; useable space ID NULL HYPOTHESIS; PREFERENCE AB Urban development in the Florida Keys, USA, mandates an understanding of how habitat requirements for Florida Key deer (Odocoileus virginianus clavium) interact with vegetation changes caused by development. Our study objectives were to (1) determine Key deer habitat use at different spatial scales, (2) evaluate vegetation changes and identify vegetation types most threatened by development, and (3) provide guidelines to direct land acquisition programs in the future. We identified 6 vegetation types: pineland, hammock, developed, freshwater marsh, buttonwood, and mangrove. Key deer (n = 180; 84 F, 96 M) preferred upland vegetation types (>1 m above mean sea level; pineland, hammock, developed) and avoided tidal or lower-elevation areas (<1 m above mean sea level; freshwater marsh, buttonwood, mangrove). Analyses of Geographic Information System (GIS) coverages suggested that historical development impacted near-shore habitats while recent trends pose a greater risk to upland areas (pineland, hammock). Because uplands are preferred by Key deer, conservation measures that include land acquisition and habitat protection of these areas may be needed. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Key Deer Refuge, Big Pine Key, FL 33043 USA. RP Lopez, RR (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM roel@tamu.edu RI Peterson, Markus/C-3303-2008 OI Peterson, Markus/0000-0001-6145-0134 NR 41 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 68 IS 4 BP 900 EP 908 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0900:HPOFKD]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 887RI UT WOS:000226322800014 ER PT J AU Harveson, PM Lopez, RR Silvy, NJ Frank, PA AF Harveson, PM Lopez, RR Silvy, NJ Frank, PA TI Source-sink dynamics of Florida Key deer on Big Pine Key, Florida SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE deer-vehicle collisions; Florida; Florida Key deer; Odocoileus virginianus clavium; source-sink; urban developement ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; DENSITY AB The endangered Florida Key deer (Odocoileus virginianus clavium.) is endemic to the Florida Keys, Florida, USA, with Big Pine Key (BPK) supporting most (approx 60%) of the population. Habitat loss and fragmentation have altered the amount of available habitat, creating areas of varying suitability; north BPK (NBPK) is believed to contain more optimal habitat than south BPK (SBPK), which is snore developed and fragmented. We evaluated the source-sink dynamics of Key deer using a sex- and stage-structured, stochastic matrix model. Model results indicated that the NBPK population of Key deer was increasing (lambda = 1.02), whereas the SBPK population was decreasing (lambda = 0.87). Without dispersal from the north, the SBPK population has a 97% probability of falling below 25 individuals (quasi-extinction threshold) in the next 20 years. The higher risk to Key deer in SBPK can be explained by relative habitat-quality differences between the 2 areas. House density, amount of roads, number of fences, and amount of development were all greater in SBPK. Collectively, study results indicate that SBPK can be described as an ecological sink with a nonviable population supplemented by deer dispersal from NBPK (source). Care should be taken to preserve the source population and its habitat. Thus, we propose limiting future development. in NBPK (high-quality, source habitat). The US 1 highway corridor project has the potential to decrease Key deer mortality due to vehicle collisions, and we recommend that future management goals continue to address mortality factors on SBPK (low-quality sink habitat). C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Key Deer Refuge, Big Pine Key, FL 33043 USA. RP Harveson, PM (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM harveson@tamu.edu NR 35 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 17 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 68 IS 4 BP 909 EP 915 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0909:SDOFKD]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 887RI UT WOS:000226322800015 ER PT J AU Diefenbach, DR Laake, JL Alt, GL AF Diefenbach, DR Laake, JL Alt, GL TI Spatio-temporal and demographic variation in the harvest of black bears: Implications for population estimation SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE black bear; capture; harvest rate; harvest vulnerability; Horvitz-Thompson estimator; Lincoln-Petersen estimator; mark-recapture; Pennsylvania; Ursus americanus ID CAPTURE EXPERIMENTS; AGE; FOOD AB Biologists have monitored black bear (Ursus americanus) populations using annual Lincoln-Petersen (L-P) estimates of population size derived from the fraction of marked bears recovered in the harvest. Although spatial, temporal, and demographic factors have been linked to variation in harvest rates of black bears, the effect of this heterogeneity on mark-recapture population estimates has not been evaluated. Failure to incorporate heterogeneity in harvest rates can result in biased population estimates and poor precision, which may lead to inappropriate management decisions. We used records of 6,982 bears captured during 1983-2001 in Pennsylvania, USA, to estimate the probability of harvest related to spatiotemporal, environmental, and demographic characteristics associated with individual bears. Harvest rates varied according to sex, age class, hunter density, and snow cover. In addition, harvest rates varied temporally (by year and month of capture) and spatially across Pennsylvania. Model selection based on Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) supported a more complex harvest model based on a Horvitz-Thompson (H-T) estimator than the simpler model implicitly assumed by a series of annual L-P estimates. The H-T estimates of population size, which incorporated heterogeneity in harvest rates, were consistently lower than the annual L-P estimates because the H-T estimates accounted for mortality that occurred prior to the hunting season in addition to other sources of harvest heterogeneity. However, significant heterogeneity among breeding-age females could not be incorporated because we did not know the reproductive status (pregnant or with cubs) of each tagged and harvested female bear. Additional predictive variables of harvest rates of breeding-age females could further improve our model; however, an extension of our model that incorporates data from tagged cohorts may be an alternative means to improve the accuracy and precision of population estimates. C1 Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Merkle Lab 113, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Penn Game Commiss, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. RP Diefenbach, DR (reprint author), Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Merkle Lab 113, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM ddiefenbach@psu.edu NR 37 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 68 IS 4 BP 947 EP 959 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0947:SADVIT]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 887RI UT WOS:000226322800019 ER PT J AU Millsap, B Breen, T McConnell, E Steffer, T Phillips, L Douglass, N Taylor, S AF Millsap, B Breen, T McConnell, E Steffer, T Phillips, L Douglass, N Taylor, S TI Comparative fecundity and survival of bald eagles fledged from suburban and rural natal areas in Florida SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bald eagle; demographics; Florida; Haliaeetus leucocephalus; mortality; productivity; satellite telemetry; suburban; survival ID FOOD AB We compared the reproductive biology, dispersal, and subadult survival of bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) from nest sites in suburban and rural landscapes in west-central Florida, USA, from 1997 to 2001. We documented the reproductive outcome of randomly selected suburban (n = 60) and rural (n = 60) bald eagle nest attempts. We also used satellite tracking packages on randomly selected rural (n = 35) and suburban (n = 35) bald eagle fledglings. Nest-site occupancy varied among years (range = 75.0-100.0%), but averaged 90% for nests in both land-use categories. The overall mean nesting start date was similar for both groups (suburban = 11 Dec, rural = 13 Dec). Bald eagles occupying nest sites in both land-use categories raised an average of 1.3 young to 8 weeks-of-age, and pairs that fledged greater than or equal to1 young raised an average of 1.7 young to 8 weeks-of-age. Most bald eagle fledglings from our study area migrated northward, some as far as Newfoundland, Canada. The core summering area was the Chesapeake Bay and the coastal plain of North Carolina, USA. Successful fledglings started northward migration earlier on average at rural than at suburban nest sites (124 vs. 132 days-of-age). Survival of both groups was similar until dispersal (approx 91%); however, during the first northward migration, mortality of suburban fledglings increased disproportionately. One year after fledging, survival of rural fledglings was 89% compared to 65-72% for suburban fledglings. Survival of the 2 groups was similar (84-90%) thereafter. Suburban bald eagles died more often from anthropogenic factors (primarily electrocution and vehicle collision) than rural bald eagles, though most of these deaths occurred in rural areas after dispersal from natal areas. We suggest that suburban bald eagle fledglings were more acclimated to dangerous anthropogenic landscape features than rural eagles, and as such did not regard them with the same degree of caution. Despite the difference in first-year mortality, population models suggest that both groups are experiencing positive population growth rates. C1 Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Bur Wildlife Divers Conservat, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Bur Wildlife Divers Conservat, Ocala, FL 34474 USA. Raptor Management Consultants, Tampa, FL 33647 USA. Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Bur Wildlife Divers Conservat, Lakeland, FL 33811 USA. RP Millsap, B (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, 4401 N Fairfax Dr,Mail Stop 41-07, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM Brian_A_Millsap@fws.gov RI Mojica, Elizabeth/G-1504-2012 OI Mojica, Elizabeth/0000-0001-6941-4840 NR 31 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 17 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 68 IS 4 BP 1018 EP 1031 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[1018:CFASOB]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 887RI UT WOS:000226322800027 ER PT J AU Conn, PB Kendall, WL AF Conn, PB Kendall, WL TI Evaluating mallard adaptive management models with time series SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE adaptive management; additive mortality; Anas platyrhynchos; bootstrapping; compensatory mortality; density dependence; mallards; population dynamics; population modeling; reproduction; simulation; time series ID WATERFOWL HARVESTS; OPTIMIZATION; UNCERTAINTY; SURVIVAL; POPULATIONS AB Wildlife practitioners concerned with midcontinent mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) management in the United States have instituted a system of adaptive harvest management (AHM) as an objective format for setting harvest regulations. Under the AHM paradigm, predictions from a set of models that reflect key uncertainties about processes underlying population dynamics are used in coordination with optimization software to determine an optimal set of harvest decisions. Managers use comparisons of the predictive abilities of these models to gauge the relative truth of different hypotheses about density-dependent recruitment and survival, with better-predicting models giving more weight to the determination of harvest regulations. We tested the effectiveness of this strategy by examining convergence rates of "predictor" models when the true model for population dynamics was known a priori. We generated time series for cases when the a priori model was 1 of the predictor models as well as for several cases when the a priori model was not in the model set. We further examined the addition of different levels of uncertainty into the variance structure of predictor models, reflecting different levels of confidence about estimated parameters. We showed that in certain situations, the model-selection process favors a predictor model that incorporates the hypotheses of additive harvest mortality and weakly density-dependent recruitment, even when the model is not used to generate data. Higher levels of predictor model variance led to decreased rates of convergence to the model that generated the data, but model weight trajectories were in general more stable. We suggest that predictive models should incorporate all sources of uncertainty about estimated parameters, that the variance structure should be similar for all predictor models, and that models with different functional forms for population dynamics should be considered for inclusion in predictor model sets. All of these suggestions should help lower the probability of erroneous learning in mallard ABM and adaptive management in general. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Biomath Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Conn, PB (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM pconn@cnr.colostate.edu NR 50 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 68 IS 4 BP 1065 EP 1081 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[1065:EMAMMW]2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 887RI UT WOS:000226322800031 ER PT J AU Herring, G Collazo, JA AF Herring, G Collazo, JA TI Winter survival of lesser scaup in east-central Florida SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Aythya affinis; Florida; lesser scaup; mortality; survival; temporary emigration; winter ID IMPLANTED RADIO TRANSMITTERS; CANVASBACKS; POPULATIONS; HYPOTHESES; BEHAVIOR; DUCKS; PONDS AB The North American continental population of lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) has been declining since the mid-1980s. Seasonal survival estimates may provide insights about the ecological basis for this decline, but such data are not available. We estimated post-harvest winter survival of lesser scaup in east-central Florida, USA, where 62% of the Atlantic Flyway population winters. The Kaplan-Meier survival estimate from 11 January to 14 March 2002 was 0.95 +/- 0.04 (SE) for females and 0.90 +/- 0.09 for males. These estimates were not different (P = 0.64), and pooled survival was 0.93 +/- 0.04. Temporary emigration (movement out of and return to the study area) was exhibited by 25% of the birds during survey periods, but absences were short and were believed to have had little effect on precision of survival estimates. Our findings suggested that natural mortality, at Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge (MINWR) and surrounding estuarine areas was relatively low. Our results also indicate that habitat quality in this portion of east-central Florida was sufficient to meet overwintering requirements and likely contributed to the reported survival rates. Estimating survival during other stages of the annual cycle, as well as an overall winter estimate reflecting harvest mortality, is necessary to determine whether low survival rates are responsible for continental population declines. C1 N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Herring, G (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 777 Glades Rd, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. EM gherrinl@fau.edu NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 68 IS 4 BP 1082 EP 1087 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[1082:WSOLSI]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 887RI UT WOS:000226322800032 ER PT J AU Flanders-Wanner, BL White, GC McDaniel, LL AF Flanders-Wanner, BL White, GC McDaniel, LL TI Validity of prairie grouse harvest age ratios as production indices SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE age ratios; greater prairie-chicken; harvest ratios; harvest. susceptibility; Nebraska; prairie grouse; production; production index; recruitment; sharp-tailed grouse; Tymzpanuchus cupido; Tympanuchus phasianellus ID BOBWHITE SEX; VULNERABILITY AB The ratio of juveniles to adults in the fall harvest is a common index of production for Galliformes. The percentage of juvenile birds in the harvest has been shown to decline as the hunting season progressed for many galliforms, resulting in a biased index of production. Therefore, we used wing samples of plains sharp-tailed grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus jamesi) and greater prairie-chickens (T. cupido pinnatus) from 4 public land areas in the Nebraska Sandhills, Nebraska, USA, to assess the potential for bias in harvest-age ratios across tune. We hypothesized that the ratio of juveniles to adults in the harvest could change over time if susceptibility to harvest and/or fall survival were different between the juvenile and adult prairie grouse (Tympanuchus spp.) in the Nebraska populations. We found no change in the harvest-age ratio over time in either the sharp-tailed grouse or greater prairie-chicken data. Our findings were consistent with the published literature on harvest-age rates for sharp-tailed grouse but inconsistent with the greater prairie-chicken literature. Therefore, we maintain that analysis of the harvest data for bias due to a changing harvest-age ratio as the hunting season progresses is an essential adjunct to subsequent analysis or comparisons of production indices based on harvest-age ratios. In addition, limitations of harvest-age ratios must be known and care must be taken to minimize other potential biases before using harvestage ratios as an index to production. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Valentine Natl Wildlife Refuge, Valentine, NE 69201 USA. RP Flanders-Wanner, BL (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Huron Wetland Management Dist, Room 309 Fed Bldg,200 4th St SW, Huron, SD 57350 USA. EM Bridgette_Flanders-Wanner@fws.gov NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 68 IS 4 BP 1088 EP 1094 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[1088:VOPGHR]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 887RI UT WOS:000226322800033 ER PT J AU Tucker, JW Robinson, WD Grand, JB AF Tucker, JW Robinson, WD Grand, JB TI Influence of fire on Bachman's sparrow, an endemic North American songbird SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Aimophila aestivalis; Alabama; Bachman's sparrow; fire ecology; Florida; habitat management; habitat restoration; longleaf pine ecosystem; Pinus palustris; prescribed fire ID RED-COCKADED WOODPECKERS; HABITAT; COMMUNITIES; SEASON AB Bachman's sparrow (Aimophila aestivalis), a near endemic songbird of the longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) ecosystem, is known to respond positively to prescribed fires. The influence of season (growing vs. dormant) and frequency (1 to greater than or equal to4 yr since burning) of fire on density of Bachman's sparrows, however, is poorly understood. We examined effects of fire on density of Bachman's sparrows in longleaf pine forests at the Conecuh National Forest, Alabama, and Blackwater River State Forest, Florida, USA. Density of Bachman's sparrows was greater the first 3 years after burning than greater than or equal to4 years after burning, and season of burning had little effect on the density of Bachman's sparrows. Percent coverage by grass had a greater influence on density of Bachman's sparrows than either season or frequency of burning. Percent canopy cover had a strong negative effect on coverage of grass but had a weaker effect on grass at stands burned frequently during the growing season. Growing-season fires (Apr-Sep) did not adversely affect density of Bachman's sparrows. Results from our study suggest that management and restoration of longleaf pine communities probably can be accomplished best by burning on a 2-3-year rotation during the growing season, when most fires historically occurred. Suppression of fire, or burning at intervals >4-5 years, will greatly reduce or eliminate habitat required by Bachman's sparrows. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, USGS, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Tucker, JW (reprint author), Archbold Biol Stn, APAFR Field Off, 475 East St, Avon Park, FL 33825 USA. EM jtucker@archbold-station.org NR 35 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 68 IS 4 BP 1114 EP 1123 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[1114:IOFOBS]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 887RI UT WOS:000226322800036 ER PT J AU Casas, D Ercilla, G Estrada, F Alonso, B Baraza, J Lee, H Kayen, R Chiocci, F AF Casas, D Ercilla, G Estrada, F Alonso, B Baraza, J Lee, H Kayen, R Chiocci, F TI Physical and geotechnical properties and assessment of sediment stability on the continental slope and basin of the Bransfield Basin (Antarctica Peninsula) SO MARINE GEORESOURCES & GEOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Antarctica; Bransfield Basin; sedimentology; slope stability ID SURFACE SEDIMENTS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; WEST ANTARCTICA; SOUND-VELOCITY; ATLANTIC OCEAN; SEA; EVOLUTION; STRAIT; MARGIN; NORTH AB Our investigation is centred on the continental slope of the Antarctic Peninsula and adjacent basin. Type of sediments, sedimentary stratigraphy, and physical and geotechnical characterization of the sediments have been integrated. Four different types of sediments have been defined: diamictons, silty and muddy turbidites, muddy, silty and muddy matrix embedded clast contourites. There is a close correspondence between the physical properties (density, magnetic susceptibility and p-wave velocity) and the texture and/or fabric as laminations and strati. cation. From a quantitative point of view, only a few statistical correlations between textural and physical properties have been found. Within the geotechnical properties, only water content is most influenced by texture. This slope, with a maximum gradient observed (20degrees), is stable, according to the stability under gravitational loading concepts, and the maximum stable slope that would range from 22degrees to 29degrees. Nevertheless, different instability features have been observed. Volcanic activity, bottom currents, glacial loading-unloading or earthquakes can be considered as potential mechanisms to induce instability in this area. C1 CSIC, CMIMA, Inst Ciencias Mar, Barcelona, Spain. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. RP Casas, D (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Ciencies War, Passeig Maritim Barcelonetta 37-49, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain. EM davidc@icm.csic.es RI Casas, David/B-9576-2009; Alonso, Belen/A-5531-2015; Ercilla, Gemma/G-8180-2015; Estrada, Ferran/G-8255-2015 OI Casas, David/0000-0001-5258-7067; NR 47 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1064-119X J9 MAR GEORESOUR GEOTEC JI Mar. Geores. Geotechnol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2004 VL 22 IS 4 BP 253 EP 278 DI 10.1080/10641190490900853 PG 26 WC Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Geological; Oceanography; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 884AA UT WOS:000226055800003 ER PT J AU Shinn, EA AF Shinn, EA TI The mixed value of environmental regulations: do acroporid corals deserve endangered species status? SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material ID HURRICANE DONNA; FLORIDA; REEFS C1 US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM eshinn@usgs.gov NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 49 IS 7-8 BP 531 EP 533 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.07.007 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 867EH UT WOS:000224824600017 PM 15476830 ER PT J AU Ross, RM Redell, LA Bennett, RM Young, JA AF Ross, RM Redell, LA Bennett, RM Young, JA TI Mesohabitat use of threatened hemlock forests by breeding birds of the Delaware river basin in northeastern United States SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE avian biodiversity; breeding birds; forest management; hemlock forests; hemlock woolly adelgid ID HEADWATER STREAMS; COMMUNITIES; DENSITY AB Avian biodiversity may be at risk in eastern parks and forests, due to continued expansion of the hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae), an exotic homopteran insect native to East Asia. To assess avian biodiversity, mesohabitat relations, and the risk of species loss with declining hemlock forests in Appalachian park lands, 80 randomly distributed fixed-radius plots were established in which territories of breeding birds were estimated on four forest-terrain types (hemlock and hardwood benches and ravines) in the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area. Both species richness and number of territories were higher in hardwood than hemlock forest types and in bench than ravine terrain types. Four insectivorous species, Acadian flycatcher (Empidonax virescens), blue-headed vireo (Vireo solitarius), black-throated green warbler (Dendroica virens), and Blackburnian warbler (Dendroica fusca), showed high affinity for hemlock forest type and exhibited significantly greater numbers of territories in hemlock than hardwood sites. These species are hemlock-associated species at risk from continued hemlock decline in the Delaware River valley and similar forests of the mid-Atlantic east slope. Two of these species, the blue-headed vireo and Blackburnian warbler, appeared to specialize on ravine meso-habitats of hemlock stands, the vireo a low-to-mid canopy species, the warbler a mid-to-upper canopy forager. Unchecked expansion of the exotic adelgid and subsequent hemlock decline could negatively impact 3,600 pairs from the park and several million pairs from northeastern United States hemlock forests due to elimination of preferred habitat. C1 US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Ross, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, No Appalachian Res Lab, 176 Straight Run Rd, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. EM rossr@usgs.gov NR 37 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 14 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOCIATION PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD STREET, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 24 IS 4 BP 307 EP 315 PG 9 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 860OX UT WOS:000224354000004 ER PT J AU Sheridan, MF Hubbard, B Carrasco-Nunez, G Siebe, C AF Sheridan, MF Hubbard, B Carrasco-Nunez, G Siebe, C TI Pyroclastic flow hazard at Volcan Citlaltepetl SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Citlaltepetl; computer simulations; DEM; hazard zones; interactive viewing; Mexico; Pico de Orizaba; pyroclastic flows; volcano ID PICO-DE-ORIZABA; SOUFRIERE HILLS VOLCANO; EASTERN MEXICO; DOME COLLAPSE; MONTSERRAT AB Volcan Citlaltepetl (Pico de Orizaba) with an elevation of 5,675 m is the highest volcano in North America. Its most recent catastrophic events involved the production of pyroclastic flows that erupted approximately 4,000, 8,500, and 13,000 years ago. The distribution of mapped deposits from these eruptions gives an approximate guide to the extent of products from potential future eruptions. Because the topography of this volcano is constantly changing computer simulations were made on the present topography using three computer algorithms: energy cone, FLOW2D, and FLOW3D. The Heim Coefficient (mu), used as a code parameter for frictional sliding in all our algorithms, is the ratio of the assumed drop in elevation ( H) divided by the lateral extent of the mapped deposits ( L). The viscosity parameter for the FLOW2D and FLOW3D codes was adjusted so that the paths of the flows mimicked those inferred from the mapped deposits. We modeled two categories of pyroclastic flows modeled for the level I and level II events. Level I pyroclastic flows correspond to small but more frequent block-and-ash flows that remain on the main cone. Level II flows correspond to more widespread flows from catastrophic eruptions with an approximate 4,000-year repose period. We developed hazard maps from simulations based on a National Imagery and Mapping Agency ( NIMA) DTED-1 DEM with a 90 m grid and a vertical accuracy of +/-30 m. Because realistic visualization is an important aid to understanding the risks related to volcanic hazards we present the DEM as modeled by FLOW3D. The model shows that the pyroclastic flows extend for much greater distances to the east of the volcano summit where the topographic relief is nearly 4,300 m. This study was used to plot hazard zones for pyroclastic flows in the official hazard map that was published recently. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Geociencias, Queretaro, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geofis, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Veracruzana, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico. RP Hubbard, B (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM bhubbard@usgs.gov OI Siebe, Claus/0000-0002-3959-9028 NR 26 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD OCT PY 2004 VL 33 IS 2 BP 209 EP 221 DI 10.1023/B:NHAZ.0000037028.89829.d1 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 843XE UT WOS:000223119500003 ER PT J AU Volkman, ET Pangle, KL Rajchel, DA Sutton, TM Bast, DR AF Volkman, ET Pangle, KL Rajchel, DA Sutton, TM Bast, DR TI Comparison of hatchery performance attributes among three strains of age-0 coaster brook trout SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID WEIGHT AB The hatchery performance attributes of three strains (Lake Nipigon [Nipigon], Siskiwit Bay [Siskiwit], and Tobin Harbor [Tobin]) of fingerling coaster brook trout Salvelinus Jontinalis were compared during a 12-week laboratory experiment. Despite similar initial sizes, the final mean length and weight of Nipigon fish (94.1 mm and 9.9 g) were significantly greater than those of the Siskiwit (86.7 mm and 7.7 g) and Tobin (90.4 mm and 7.2 g) strains. There were no differences in mean specific growth rates in length and weight or mean daily growth rate in length among the strains. However, there was a difference in the mean daily absolute growth rate in weight, the Nipigon and Siskiwit strains (0.10%/d and 0.08%/d, respectively) displaying a greater rate of growth than Tobin Harbor (0.07%/d) fish. Mean survival rates (range=97-98%) and relative weights (range=100.1-101.1 g) did not differ significantly among the three strains. Based on our results, we recommend that these strains of fingerling coaster brook trout be reared similarly in hatchery environments and that strain selection for rehabilitation stocking purposes consider hatchery residence time and the natural genetic variation of the source population of broodstock fish. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Iron River Natl Fish Hatchery, Iron River, WI 54847 USA. RP Sutton, TM (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 195 Marsteller St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM tsutton@purdue.edu RI Sutton, Trent/E-9281-2010 NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 66 IS 4 BP 278 EP 284 DI 10.1577/A04-018.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 864LJ UT WOS:000224634700005 ER PT J AU Austin, AT Yahdjian, L Stark, JM Belnap, J Porporato, A Norton, U Ravetta, DA Schaeffer, SM AF Austin, AT Yahdjian, L Stark, JM Belnap, J Porporato, A Norton, U Ravetta, DA Schaeffer, SM TI Water pulses and biogeochemical cycles in arid and semiarid ecosystems SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Review DE biogeochemical cycles; water pulses; wet-dry cycles; nitrogen mineralization; carbon cycling; soil texture ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; NORTHERN CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; AMERICAN SHORTGRASS STEPPE; NITRIC-OXIDE EMISSIONS; N-15 NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; DRY TROPICAL FOREST; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; SHRUB-STEPPE; GRASSLAND SOILS AB The episodic nature of water availability in and and semiarid ecosystems has significant consequences on belowground carbon and nutrient cycling. Pulsed water events directly control belowground processes through soil wet-dry cycles. Rapid soil microbial response to incident moisture availability often results in almost instantaneous C and N mineralization, followed by shifts in C/N of microbially available substrate, and an offset in the balance between nutrient immobilization and mineralization. Nitrogen inputs from biological soil crusts are also highly sensitive to pulsed rain events, and nitrogen losses, particularly gaseous losses due to denitrification and nitrate leaching, are tightly linked to pulses of water availability. The magnitude of the effect of water pulses on carbon and nutrient pools, however, depends on the distribution of resource availability and soil organisms, both of which are strongly affected by the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of vegetation cover, topographic position and soil texture. The 'inverse texture hypothesis' for net primary production in water-limited ecosystems suggests that coarse-textured soils have higher NPP than fine-textured soils in very and zones due to reduced evaporative losses, while NPP is greater in fine-textured soils in higher rainfall ecosystems due to increased water-holding capacity. With respect to belowground processes, fine-textured soils tend to have higher water-holding capacity and labile C and N pools than coarse-textured soils, and often show a much greater flush of N mineralization. The result of the interaction of texture and pulsed rainfall events suggests a corollary hypothesis for nutrient turnover in and and semiarid ecosystems with a linear increase of N mineralization in coarse-textured soils, but a saturating response for fine-textured soils due to the importance of soil C and N pools. Seasonal distribution of water pulses can lead to the accumulation of mineral N in the dry season, decoupling resource supply and microbial and plant demand, and resulting in increased losses via other pathways and reduction in overall soil nutrient pools. The asynchrony of resource availability, particularly nitrogen versus water due to pulsed water events, may be central to understanding the consequences for ecosystem nutrient retention and long-term effects on carbon and nutrient pools. Finally, global change effects due to changes in the nature and size of pulsed water events and increased asynchrony of water availability and growing season will likely have impacts on biogeochemical cycling in water-limited ecosystems. C1 Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Agron, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Buenos Aires, CONICET, IFEVA, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Canyonlands Field Stn, Moab, UT 84532 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. ARS, High Plains Grassland Res Stn, USDA, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Austin, AT (reprint author), Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Agron, Av San Martin 4453,C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM austin@ifeva.edu.ar RI Austin, Amy/E-7988-2011; Stark, John/B-4368-2012; Schaeffer, Sean/G-5071-2012; OI Austin, Amy/0000-0002-7468-5861; Schaeffer, Sean/0000-0002-9684-2952 NR 155 TC 554 Z9 621 U1 48 U2 421 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD OCT PY 2004 VL 141 IS 2 BP 221 EP 235 DI 10.1007/s00442-004-1519-1 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 862YU UT WOS:000224528200004 PM 14986096 ER PT J AU Loik, ME Breshears, DD Lauenroth, WK Belnap, J AF Loik, ME Breshears, DD Lauenroth, WK Belnap, J TI A multi-scale perspective of water pulses in dryland ecosystems: climatology and ecohydrology of the western USA SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE drought duration; El Nino Southern Oscillation; evapotranspiration; infiltration depth; Pacific Decadal Oscillation ID NORTH-AMERICAN MONSOON; UNITED-STATES; SEMIARID WOODLAND; SOIL-MOISTURE; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; EL-NINO; WARMING MANIPULATION; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT AB In dryland ecosystems, the timing and magnitude of precipitation pulses drive many key ecological processes, notably soil water availability for plants and soil microbiota. Plant available water has frequently been viewed simply as incoming precipitation, yet processes at larger scales drive precipitation pulses, and the subsequent transformation of precipitation pulses to plant available water are complex. We provide an overview of the factors that influence the spatial and temporal availability of water to plants and soil biota using examples from western USA drylands. Large spatial- and temporal-scale drivers of regional precipitation patterns include the position of the jet streams and frontal boundaries, the North American Monsoon, El Nino Southern Oscillation events, and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Topography and orography modify the patterns set up by the larger-scale drivers, resulting in regional patterns (10(2)-10(6) km(2)) of precipitation magnitude, timing, and variation. Together, the large-scale and regional drivers impose important pulsed patterns on long-term precipitation trends at landscape scales, in which most site precipitation is received as small events (<5 mm) and with most of the intervals between events being short (<10 days). The drivers also influence the translation of precipitation events into available water via linkages between soil water content and components of the water budget, including interception, infiltration and runoff, soil evaporation, plant water use and hydraulic redistribution, and seepage below the rooting zone. Soil water content varies not only vertically with depth but also horizontally beneath versus between plants and/or soil crusts in ways that are ecologically important to different plant and crust types. We highlight the importance of considering larger-scale drivers, and their effects on regional patterns; small, frequent precipitation events; and spatio-temporal heterogeneity in soil water content in translating from climatology to precipitation pulses to the dryland ecohydrology of water availability for plants and soil biota. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Studies, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Rangeland Ecosyst Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Loik, ME (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Studies, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM mloik@ucsc.edu RI Breshears, David/B-9318-2009 OI Breshears, David/0000-0001-6601-0058 NR 72 TC 248 Z9 291 U1 15 U2 158 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD OCT PY 2004 VL 141 IS 2 BP 269 EP 281 DI 10.1007/s00442-004-1570-y PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 862YU UT WOS:000224528200007 PM 15138879 ER PT J AU Belnap, J Phillips, SL Miller, ME AF Belnap, J Phillips, SL Miller, ME TI Response of desert biological soil crusts to alterations in precipitation frequency SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE arid lands; carbon; UV pigments; climate change; radiation stress ID WATER; SCYTONEMIN; LICHENS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CYANOBACTERIA; FIXATION; PIGMENT; LIGHT; FIELD; UTAH AB Biological soil crusts, a community of cyanobacteria, lichens, and mosses that live on the soil surface, occur in deserts throughout the world. They are a critical component of desert ecosystems, as they are important contributors to soil fertility and stability. Future climate scenarios predict alteration of the timing and amount of precipitation in desert environments. Because biological soil crust organisms are only metabolically active when wet, and as soil surfaces dry quickly in deserts during late spring, summer, and early fall, the amount and timing of precipitation is likely to have significant impacts on the physiological functioning of these communities. Using the three dominant soil crust types found in the western United States, we applied three levels of precipitation frequency (50% below-average, average, and 50% above-average) while maintaining average precipitation amount (therefore changing both timing and size of applied events). We measured the impact of these treatments on photosynthetic performance (as indicated by dark-adapted quantum yield and chlorophyll a concentrations), nitrogenase activity, and the ability of these organisms to maintain concentrations of radiation-protective pigments (scytonemin, beta-carotene, echinenone, xanthophylls, and canthaxanthin). Increased precipitation frequency produced little response after 2.5 months exposure during spring (1 April-15 June) or summer (15 June-31 August). In contrast, most of the above variables had a large, negative response after exposure to increased precipitation frequency for 6 months spring-fall (1 April 31 October) treatment. The crusts dominated by the soil lichen Collema, being dark and protruding above the surface, dried the most rapidly, followed by the dark surface cyanobacterial crusts (Nostoc-Scytonema-Microcoleus), and then by the light cyanobacterial crusts (Microcoleus). This order reflected the magnitude of the observed response: crusts dominated by the lichen Collema showed the largest decline in quantum yield, chlorophyll a, and protective pigments; crusts dominated by Nostoc-Scytonema-Microcoleus showed an intermediate decline in these variables; and the crusts dominated by Microcoleus showed the least negative response. Most previous studies of crust response to radiation stress have been short-term laboratory studies, where organisms were watered and kept under moderate temperatures. Such conditions would give crust organisms access to ample carbon to respond to imposed stresses (e.g., production of UV-protective pigments, replacement of degraded chlorophyll). In contrast, our longer-term study showed that under field conditions of high air temperatures and frequent, small precipitation events, crust organisms appear unable to produce protective pigments in response to radiation stress, as they likely dried more quickly than when they received larger, less frequent events. Reduced activity time likely resulted in less carbon available to produce or repair chlorophyll a and/or protective pigments. Our findings may partially explain the global observation that soil lichen cover and richness declines as the frequency of summer rainfall increases. C1 US Geol Survey, Canyonlands Field Stn, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. Natl Pk Serv, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Belnap, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Canyonlands Field Stn, SW Biol Sci Ctr, 2290 S W Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM jayne_Belnap@usgs.gov NR 38 TC 129 Z9 149 U1 8 U2 75 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD OCT PY 2004 VL 141 IS 2 BP 306 EP 316 DI 10.1007/s00442-003-1438-6 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 862YU UT WOS:000224528200010 PM 14689292 ER PT J AU Ackerman, JT Blackmer, AL Eadie, JM AF Ackerman, JT Blackmer, AL Eadie, JM TI Is predation on waterfowl nests density dependent? Tests at three spatial scales SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID PRAIRIE POTHOLE REGION; PARTIAL CLUTCH DEPREDATION; ARTIFICIAL DUCK NESTS; GRASSLAND BIRDS; CROW PREDATION; STRIPED SKUNKS; SPACING-OUT; SUCCESS; PATTERNS; SONGBIRDS AB We tested whether predation on duck nests (Anas spp.) was density dependent at three spatial scales using artificial and natural nests in the Suisun Marsh, California, USA. At the largest spatial scale, we used 5 years (1998-2002) of data to examine the natural variation in duck nest success and nest densities among 8-16 fields per year, each 5-33 ha in size (n=62 fields). At an intermediate spatial scale, we deployed artificial nests (2000, n=280) within 1-ha plots at three experimental densities (5, 10, and 20 nests ha(-1)) in a complete randomized block design and examined differences in nest predation. At the smallest spatial scale, we examined nest success in relation to nearest-neighbor fates and distances for artificial (2000, n=280) and natural nests (2000, n=507). We detected no relationship between nest success and the density of natural nests among fields in any year, nor when we pooled data for all years after controlling for year effects. The proportion of artificial nests that survived also did not depend on experimental nest densities within 1-ha plots. Overall, 15.0+/-12.4%, 15.0+/-11.0%, and 6.2+/-4.3% of artificial nests survived the 32-day exposure period in the low, intermediate, and high nest densities, respectively. Additionally, we detected no consistent effect of nearest-neighbor fate or distance on the success of artificial or natural nests. Thus, our results provide no evidence of density-dependent predation on duck nests at any scale of analysis, in contrast to a number of previous studies. Variation among geographical locations in the degree to which predation is density-dependent may reflect the composition of the predator community and the availability of alternate prey. C1 Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Neurobiol Physiol & Behav, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Ackerman, JT (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jtackerman@ucdavis.edu RI Eadie, John/E-4820-2011 NR 70 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD OCT PY 2004 VL 107 IS 1 BP 128 EP 140 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 853IW UT WOS:000223821600011 ER PT J AU Yoshikawa, K Overduin, PP Harden, JW AF Yoshikawa, K Overduin, PP Harden, JW TI Moisture content measurements of moss (Sphagnum spp.) using commercial sensors SO PERMAFROST AND PERIGLACIAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE Sphagnum; moss; permafrost; moisture; volumetric water content ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; SOIL-WATER CONTENT; IMPROVED CAPACITANCE TECHNIQUE; CALIBRATION AB Sphagnum (spp.) is widely distributed in permafrost regions around the arctic and subarctic. The moisture content of the moss layer affects the thermal insulative capacity and preservation of permafrost. It also controls the growth and collapse history of palsas and other peat mounds, and is relevant, in general terms, to permafrost thaw (thermokarst). In this study, we test and calibrate seven different soil moisture sensors for measuring the moisture content of Sphagnum moss under laboratory conditions. The soil volume to which each probe is sensitive is one of the important parameters influencing moisture measurement, particularly in a heterogeneous medium such as moss. Each sensor has a unique response to changing moisture content levels, solution salinity, moss bulk density and to the orientation (structure) of the Sphagnum relative to the sensor. All of the probes examined here require unique polynomial calibration equations to obtain moisture content from probe output. We provide polynomial equations for dead and live Sphagnum moss (R-2 > 0.99). Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst No Engn, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Yoshikawa, K (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst No Engn, Water & Environm Res Ctr, POB 755860, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ffky@uaf.edu RI Overduin, Paul/B-3258-2017 OI Overduin, Paul/0000-0001-9849-4712 NR 20 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 5 U2 21 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1045-6740 J9 PERMAFROST PERIGLAC JI Permafrost Periglacial Process. PD OCT-DEC PY 2004 VL 15 IS 4 BP 309 EP 318 DI 10.1002/ppp.505 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geology SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 881UC UT WOS:000225893900001 ER PT J AU Maxwell, S AF Maxwell, S TI Filling Landsat ETM plus SLC-off gaps using a segmentation model approach SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Maxwell, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM maxwell@usgs.gov NR 5 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 70 IS 10 BP 1109 EP 1111 PG 3 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 860BJ UT WOS:000224312300001 ER PT J AU Kaufman, DS Ager, TA Anderson, NJ Anderson, PM Andrews, JT Bartlein, PT Brubaker, LB Coats, LL Cwynar, LC Duvall, ML Dyke, AS Edwards, ME Eisner, WR Gajewski, K Geirsdottir, A Hu, FS Jennings, AE Kaplan, MR Kerwin, MW Lozhkin, AV MacDonald, GM Miller, GH Mock, CJ Oswald, WW Otto-Bliesner, BL Porinchu, DF Ruhland, K Smol, JP Steig, EJ Wolfe, BB AF Kaufman, DS Ager, TA Anderson, NJ Anderson, PM Andrews, JT Bartlein, PT Brubaker, LB Coats, LL Cwynar, LC Duvall, ML Dyke, AS Edwards, ME Eisner, WR Gajewski, K Geirsdottir, A Hu, FS Jennings, AE Kaplan, MR Kerwin, MW Lozhkin, AV MacDonald, GM Miller, GH Mock, CJ Oswald, WW Otto-Bliesner, BL Porinchu, DF Ruhland, K Smol, JP Steig, EJ Wolfe, BB TI Holocene thermal maximum in the western Arctic (0-180 degrees W) (vol 23, pg 529, 2003) SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Correction C1 No Arizona Univ, Dept Geol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO USA. Univ Loughborough, Dept Geog, Leicester, Leics, England. Univ Washington, Quartenary Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Colorado, Inst Arct & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Oregon, Dept Geog, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA USA. Univ New Brunswick, Dept Biol, Flagstaff, AZ USA. Bates Coll, Dept Geol, Lewiston, ME USA. Geol Survey Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Univ Trondheim, Inst Geog, Trondheim, Norway. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geog, Cincinnati, OH USA. Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Univ Iceland, Dept Geosci, Reykjavik, Iceland. Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL USA. Univ Edinburgh, Sch GeoSci, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Denver, Dept Geog, Denver, CO 80208 USA. Russian Acad Sci, NE Interdisciplinary Sci Res Inst, Magadan, Russia. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Geog, Columbia, SC USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Geog, Long Beach, CA USA. Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON, Canada. Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Waterloo, ON, Canada. RP Kaufman, DS (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Geol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM Darrell.Kaufman@nau.edu RI Kaplan, Michael/D-4720-2011; Bartlein, Patrick/E-4643-2011; Cwynar, Les/I-4214-2012; Kaufman, Darrell/A-2471-2008; Smol, John/A-8838-2015; Steig, Eric/G-9088-2015; Geirsdottir, Aslaug/L-3267-2015 OI Bartlein, Patrick/0000-0001-7657-5685; Kaufman, Darrell/0000-0002-7572-1414; Steig, Eric/0000-0002-8191-5549; Geirsdottir, Aslaug/0000-0003-3125-0195 NR 1 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 23 IS 18-19 BP 2059 EP 2060 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.06.001 PG 2 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 854ME UT WOS:000223906400017 ER PT J AU Robinson, GR Menzie, WD Hyun, H AF Robinson, GR Menzie, WD Hyun, H TI Recycling of construction debris as aggregate in the Mid-Atlantic Region, USA SO RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Beneficial Use Sustainability and Pollution Prevention in Transportation Infrastructure CY JUN 29-JUL 01, 2003 CL Portsmouth, NH DE aggregate; reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP); reclaimed portland cement concrete (RPCC); road construction AB Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and portland cement concrete (RPCC) are abundant and available substitutes for natural aggregate in many areas. This paper presents an overview of factors that affect recycled aggregate cost, availability, and engineering performance, and the results of a survey of business practices in the Mid-Atlantic region. For RAP, processing costs are less than those for virgin natural aggregate. Use of efficient asphalt pavement stripping technology, on-site reclamation, and linked two-way transport of asphalt debris and processed asphalt paving mix between asphalt mix plants and paving sites has led to extensive recycling of asphalt pavement in the Mid-Atlantic region of the US. Most of the sites that recycle asphalt pavement (RAP) are located in or near urban areas close to important transportation corridors. RPCC is a viable aggregate source in urban settings where unit costs for processed aggregate from RPCC and natural aggregate are comparable. Disposal fees charged at RPCC recycling sites help defray processing costs and the significantly lower tipping fees at recycling sites versus landfill disposal sites encourage recycling of construction debris as aggregate. Construction contractors and construction debris recycling centers, many of which have the ability to crush and process concrete debris at the job site, produce most RPCC. Production of RPCC aggregate from construction debris that is processed on site using portable equipment moved to the construction site eliminates transportation costs for aggregate and provides an economic incentive for RPCC use. Processing costs, quality and performance issues, and lack of large quantities where needed limit RPCC use. Most RPCC suppliers in the Mid-Atlantic area are located in counties with population densities greater than 400 people/km(2) (1036 people/mile(2)) and that have high unit-value costs and limited local availability of natural aggregate. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Robinson, GR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 954 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM grobinso@usgs.gov NR 46 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-3449 J9 RESOUR CONSERV RECY JI Resour. Conserv. Recycl. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 42 IS 3 BP 275 EP 294 DI 10.1016/j.resconrec.2004.04.006 PG 20 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 854MD UT WOS:000223906300007 ER PT J AU Barker, RJ Burnham, KP White, GC AF Barker, RJ Burnham, KP White, GC TI Encounter history modeling of joint mark-recapture, tag-resighting and tag-recovery data under temporary emigration SO STATISTICA SINICA LA English DT Article DE band-recovery; capture-recapture; Cormack-Jolly-Seber model; mark-recapture; markovian movement; tag-recovery; tag-resighting; temporary emigration ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; HETEROGENEOUS SURVIVAL; LIVE-RECAPTURE; ROBUST DESIGN; RATES; PARAMETERS; ANIMALS AB We describe a joint analysis of mark-recapture, tag-resight and tag-recovery data that directly models the encounter history of an animal. The probability of the encounter history for each animal is partitioned into survival, recapture, resighting, and recovery components, and a component for the probability that the animal is never encountered again. Temporary migration enters into the likelihood through the recapture component, and movement of marked animals in and out of the area where they axe subject to capture is modeled using a Markov chain. Random temporary emigration and permanent emigration are special cases. An important feature of directly modeling the encounter histories is that covariates that are specific to individuals can be included in the analysis. The model is applied to a brown trout tagging data set and provides strong evidence of Markovian temporary emigration. The new model is needed to provide correct estimates of trout survival probabilities which are shown to depend on the length of the fish at first capture. C1 Univ Otago, Dept Math & Stat, Dunedin, New Zealand. Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Barker, RJ (reprint author), Univ Otago, Dept Math & Stat, POB 56, Dunedin, New Zealand. EM rbarker@maths.otago.ac.nz; kenb@lamar.colostate.edu; gwhite@cnr.colostate.edu RI Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009 NR 28 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 11 PU STATISTICA SINICA PI TAIPEI PA C/O DR H C HO, INST STATISTICAL SCIENCE, ACADEMIA SINICA, TAIPEI 115, TAIWAN SN 1017-0405 J9 STAT SINICA JI Stat. Sin. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 14 IS 4 BP 1037 EP 1055 PG 19 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 870YJ UT WOS:000225094500002 ER PT J AU Iko, NM Dinsmore, SJ Knopf, FL AF Iko, NM Dinsmore, SJ Knopf, FL TI Evaluating the use of morphometric measurements from museum specimens for sex determination in Mountain Plovers (Charadrius montanus) SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Mountain Plover; Charadrius montanus; sex determination; morphometric measurements; museum specimens ID SIZE AB The Mountain Plover (Charadrius montanus) is a shorebird species endemic to the dry , terrestrial ecosystems of the Great Plains and southwestern United States. Breeding Bird Survey data suggest that Mountain Plover populations have declined by > 60% in the last 30 years. A better understanding of the population dynamics of the Mountain Plover is important in determining future management goals for this species. However, this effort is hampered by the inability to determine the sex of Mountain Plovers accurately under field conditions. In an effort to develop a simple method for sexing plovers in the hand, we measured external morphometric characteristics front 190 museum specimens of adult Mountain Plovers in alternate (breeding) plumage. Logistic regression and discriminate function analyses were performed on 10 external morphometric measurements (lengths of unflattened wing chord, 10th primary, central rectrix, outer rectrix, total head length, exposed culmen, culmen, bill depth, bill width, and tarsus). The results of these analyses indicated that Mountain Plover sexes were similar for all measures except culmen length. However, further analysis determined that culmen, length accurately predicted sex in less than two-thirds of the specimens, suggesting that this measure is a poor predictor of sex in Mountain Plovers. Structurally, Mountain Plovers appear to be nearly identical between the sexes, and other methods of sexing birds (e.g., plumage characteristics, behavioral observations, or molecular markers) should be further assessed for devising a simple method for sexing Mountain Plovers under field conditions. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Colorado Management Assistance Off, Lakewood, CO 80215 USA. RP Iko, NM (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Box 9690-257 Thompson Hall, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 EI 1944-8341 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD OCT PY 2004 VL 64 IS 4 BP 492 EP 496 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 868ZU UT WOS:000224952700009 ER PT J AU Lindstrom, JW Hubert, WA AF Lindstrom, JW Hubert, WA TI Mink predation on radio-tagged trout during winter in a low-gradient reach of a mountain stream, Wyoming SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE mink; Mustela vison; brook trout; Salvelinus fontinalis; cutthroat trout; Oncorhynchus clarki; predation; natural mortality; stream; winter ID MUSTELA-VISON SCHREBER; HABITAT; FISH C1 Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Lindstrom, JW (reprint author), Salish & Kootenni Tribes Flathead Nat, Tribal Fisheries Dept, Box 278, Pablo, MT 59855 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD OCT PY 2004 VL 64 IS 4 BP 551 EP 553 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 868ZU UT WOS:000224952700018 ER PT J AU Wiebe, JJ Sepulveda, MS Buckland, JE Anderson, SR Gross, TS AF Wiebe, JJ Sepulveda, MS Buckland, JE Anderson, SR Gross, TS TI Umbilical scarring in hatchling American alligators SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE umbilical scarring; American alligator hatchlings; egg quality; leather goods AB Umbilical scarring is the presence of excess scar tissue deposited between abdominal dermal layers at the site of yolk sac absorption in hatchling American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis). The presence of this dermal condition plays a key evaluatory role in the overall quality and subsequent value for various commercial leather products. Despite the prevalent nature of this condition, currently the industry has no standardized protocols for its quantification. The objectives of this study were to examine the relationship between hatchling weight and age and incidence of umbilical scarring and to develop a quantifiable and reproducible technique to measure this dermal condition in hatchling American alligators. Thirty eggs from each of nine clutches were incubated in two separate incubators at different facilities and hatchling umbilical scarring was measured at 2 and 10 days of age using digital calipers. Umbilical area was calculated by multiplying umbilical length times umbilical width. There was a significant effect of both age and clutch on umbilical area (overall decline of 64%) by 10 days post-hatch. However, only five of the nine clutches utilized expressed a noticeable decline in the size of this dermal condition (range 67-74%). We had hypothesized that larger hatchlings would have larger umbilical areas and a slower rate of improvement in this condition during the first few days post-hatch. The differences in umbilical area and percent decline with age across clutches, however, were not associated with differences in initial hatchling weights. Within clutches and time periods, hatchling weight had no significant effect on the size and/or rate of decline of this condition. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USGS, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Ctr Aquat Resource Studies, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Cypress Creek Farm, Starke, FL 32091 USA. RP Wiebe, JJ (reprint author), USGS, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Ctr Aquat Resource Studies, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM jon_wiebe@usgs.gov RI Sepulveda, Maria/P-3598-2014 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD SEP 30 PY 2004 VL 239 IS 1-4 BP 155 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.03.027 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 855WD UT WOS:000224004700011 ER PT J AU Mastin, LG Christiansen, RL Thornber, C Lowenstern, J Beeson, M AF Mastin, LG Christiansen, RL Thornber, C Lowenstern, J Beeson, M TI What makes hydromagmatic eruptions violent? Some insights from the Keanakako'i Ash, Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Conduit Processes During Explosive Basaltic Eruptions CY DEC 10-14, 2001 CL San Francisco, CA DE Kilauea; phreatomagmatism; explosive eruptions; vesicular texture; turbulence ID LAVA FOUNTAINS; SUBMARINE LAVAS; VESICULATION; PETROLOGY; BASALT; WATER; MAGMA; EXPLOSIONS; MECHANISM; VOLATILES AB Volcanic eruptions at the summit of Kilauea volcano, Hawai'i, are of two dramatically contrasting types: (1) benign lava flows and lava fountains; and (2) violent, mostly prehistoric eruptions that dispersed tephra over hundreds of square kilometers. The violence of the latter eruptions has been attributed to mixing of water and magma within a wet summit caldera; however, magma injection into water at other volcanoes does not consistently produce widespread tephras. To identify other factors that may have contributed to the violence of these eruptions, we sampled tephra from the Keanakako'i Ash, the most recent large hydromagmatic deposit, and measured vesicularity, bubble-number density and dissolved volatile content of juvenile matrix glass to constrain magma ascent rate and degree of degassing at the time of quenching. Bubble-number densities (9 x 1041 x 10(7) cm(-3)) of tephra fragments exceed those of most historically erupted Kilauean tephras (3 x 10(3)-1.8 x 10(5) cm(-3)), and suggest exceptionally high magma effusion rates. Dissolved sulfur (average=330 ppm) and water (0.15-0.45 wt.%) concentrations exceed equilibrium-saturation values at 1 atm pressure (100-150 ppm and similar to0.09%, respectively), suggesting that clasts quenched before equilibrating to atmospheric pressure. We interpret these results to suggest rapid magma injection into a wet crater, perhaps similar to continuous-uprush jets at Surtsey. Estimates of Reynolds number suggest that the erupting magma was turbulent and would have mixed with surrounding water in vortices ranging downward in size to centimeters. Such fine-scale mixing would have ensured rapid heat exchange and extensive magma fragmentation, maximizing the violence of these eruptions. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Mastin, LG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Court,Bldg 10,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM lgmastin@usgs.gov OI Thornber, Carl/0000-0002-6382-4408; Lowenstern, Jacob/0000-0003-0464-7779 NR 60 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD SEP 30 PY 2004 VL 137 IS 1-3 BP 15 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.05.015 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 858GU UT WOS:000224181100003 ER PT J AU Vergniolle, S Boichu, M Caplan-Auerbach, J AF Vergniolle, S Boichu, M Caplan-Auerbach, J TI Acoustic measurements of the 1999 basaltic eruption of Shishaldin volcano, Alaska - 1. Origin of Strombolian activity SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Conduit Processes During Explosive Basaltic Eruptions CY DEC 10-14, 2001 CL San Francisco, CA DE Shishaldin; eruption dynamics; acoustics; Strombolian activity; bubble ID MOUNT-ETNA; DEGASSING EXPLOSIONS; ARENAL VOLCANO; COSTA-RICA; MAGMA; DYNAMICS; SOUND; VELOCITY; KARYMSKY; GROWTH AB The 1999 basaltic eruption of Shishaldin volcano (Alaska, USA) displayed both classical Strombolian activity and an explosive Subplinian plume. Strombolian activity at Shishaldin occurred in two major phases following the Subplinian activity. In this paper, we use acoustic measurements to interpret the Strombolian activity. Acoustic measurements of the two Strombolian phases show a series of explosions that are modeled by the vibration of a large overpressurised cylindrical bubble at the top of the magma column. Results show that the bubble does not burst at its maximum radius, as expected if the liquid film is stretched beyond its elasticity. But bursting occurs after one cycle of vibration, as a consequence of an instability of the air-magma interface close to the bubble minimum radius. During each Strombolian period, estimates of bubble length and overpressure are calculated. Using an alternate method based on acoustic power, we estimate gas velocity to be 30-60 m/s, in very good agreement with synthetic waveforms. Although there is some variation within these parameters, bubble length and overpressure for the first Strombolian phase are found to be approximate to 82 +/- 11 m and 0.083 MPa. For the second Strombolian phase, bubble length and overpressure are estimated at 24 +/- 12 m and 0.15 MPa for the first 17 h after which bubble overpressure shows a constant increase, reaching a peak of 1.4 MPa, just prior to the end of the second Strombolian phase. This peak suggests that, at the time, the magma in the conduit may contain a relatively large concentration of small bubbles. Maximum total gas volume and gas fluxes at the surface are estimated to be 3.3 x 10(7) and 2.9 X 10(3) m(3)/s for the first phase and 1.0 x 10(8) and 2.2 x 10(3) m(3)/s for the second phase. This gives a mass flux of 1.2 x 10(3) and 8.7 X 10(2) kg/s, respectively, for the first and the second Strombolian phases. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Phys Globe, Lab Dynam Syst Geol, F-75252 Paris 05, France. Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Vergniolle, S (reprint author), Inst Phys Globe, Lab Dynam Syst Geol, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 05, France. RI Vergniolle, sylvie/F-1800-2017 OI Vergniolle, sylvie/0000-0002-1659-5622 NR 71 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD SEP 30 PY 2004 VL 137 IS 1-3 BP 109 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.05.003 PG 26 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 858GU UT WOS:000224181100008 ER PT J AU Vergniolle, S Caplan-Auerbach, J AF Vergniolle, S Caplan-Auerbach, J TI Acoustic measurements of the 1999 basaltic eruption of Shishaldin volcano, Alaska - 2. Precursor to the Subplinian phase SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Conduit Processes During Explosive Basaltic Eruptions CY DEC 10-14, 2001 CL San Francisco, CA DE Shishaldin; eruption dynamics; acoustics; Subplinian activity; bubble ID LONG-PERIOD EVENTS; STROMBOLIAN EXPLOSIONS; POPOCATEPETL VOLCANO; MAGMA FRAGMENTATION; SEISMIC SIGNALS; DYNAMICS; TREMOR; FLOW; GENERATION; CONDUIT AB The 1999 eruption of Shishaldin volcano (Alaska, USA) displayed both Strombolian and Subplinian basaltic activity. The Subplinian phase was preceded by a signal of low amplitude and constant frequency (approximate to 2 Hz) lasting 13 h. This "humming signal" is interpreted as the coalescence of the very shallow part of a foam building up in the conduit, which produces large gas bubbles before bursting. The acoustic waveform of the hum event is modelled by a Helmholtz resonator: gas is trapped into a rigid cavity and can only escape through a tiny upper hole producing sound waves. At Shishaldin, the radius of the hole (approximate to 5 m) is close to that of the conduit (approximate to 6 m), the cavity has a length of approximate to 60 m, and gas presents only a small overpressure between (approximate to 1.2 x 10(-3) and 4.5 x 10(-3) MPa). Such an overpressure is obtained by the partial coalescence of a foam formed by bubbles with a diameter from approximate to2.3 mm at the beginning of the episode towards approximate to0.64 mm very close to the end of the phase. The intermittency between hum events is explained by the ripening of the foam induced by the H2O diffusion through the liquid films. The two extreme values, from 600 to 10 s, correspond to a bubble diameter from 2.2 to 0.3 mm at the beginning and end of the pre-Subplinian phase, respectively. The extremely good agreement between two independent estimates of bubble diameters in the shallow foam reinforces the validity of such an interpretation. The total gas volume lost at the surface during the humming events is at most 5.9 x 10(6) m(3). At the very end of the pre-Subplinian phase, there is a single large bubble with an overpressure of approximate to0.42 MPa. The large overpressure suggests that it comes from significant depth, unlike other bubbles in the pre-Subplinian phase. This deep bubble may be responsible for the entire foam collapse, resulting in the Subplinian phase. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Phys Globe, Lab Dynam Syst Geol, F-75252 Paris 05, France. Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Vergniolle, S (reprint author), Inst Phys Globe, Lab Dynam Syst Geol, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 05, France. EM vergniolle@ipgp.jussieu.fr RI Vergniolle, sylvie/F-1800-2017 OI Vergniolle, sylvie/0000-0002-1659-5622 NR 72 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD SEP 30 PY 2004 VL 137 IS 1-3 BP 135 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.05.004 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 858GU UT WOS:000224181100009 ER PT J AU Lautze, NC Harris, AJL Bailey, JE Ripepe, M Calvari, S Dehn, J Rowland, SK Evans-Jones, K AF Lautze, NC Harris, AJL Bailey, JE Ripepe, M Calvari, S Dehn, J Rowland, SK Evans-Jones, K TI Pulsed lava effusion at Mount Etna during 2001 SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Conduit Processes During Explosive Basaltic Eruptions CY DEC 10-14, 2001 CL San Francisco, CA DE effusion rate; degassing; oscillation; shallow supply; Etna ID STROMBOLI VOLCANO; EXPLANATION; RESOLUTION; EVENTS; KRAFLA; SPACE AB Effusion rate and degassing data collected at Mt. Etna volcano (Italy) in 2001 show variations occurring on time scales of hours to months. We use both long- and short-term data sets spanning January to August to identify this variation. The long data sets comprise a satellite- and ground-based time series of effusion rates, and the latter include field-based effusion rate and degassing data collected May 29-31. The satellite-derived effusion rates for January through August reveal four volumetric pulses that are characterized by increasing mean effusion rate values and lead up to the 2001 flank eruption. Peak effusion rates during these 23-57 day pulses were 1.2 m(3) s(-1) in Pulse 1 (1 Jan-4 Mar), 1.1 m(3) s(-1) in Pulse 2 (5 Mar-21 Apr), 4.2 m(3) s(-1) in Pulse 3 (24 Apr-18 Jun), 8.8 m(3) s(-1) in Pulse 4 (23 Jun- 16 Jul), and 22.2 m(3) s(-1) during the flank eruption (17 Jul-9 Aug). Rank-order analysis of the satellite data shows that effusion rate values during the 2001 flank eruption define a statistically different trend than Etna's persistent activity from Jan 1 to Jul 17. Data prior to the flank eruption obey a power-law relationship that may define an effusion rate threshold of similar to3-5 m(3) s(-1) for Etna's typical persistent activity. Our short-term data coincide with the satellite-derived peak effusion period of Pulse 3. Degassing (at-vent puff frequency) shows a general increase from May 29 to 31, with hour-long variations in both puff frequency and lava flow velocity (effusion rate). We identify five 3-14 h degassing periods that contain 26 shorter (19-126 min-long) oscillations. This variation shows some positive correlation with effusion rate measurements during the same time period. If a relationship between puff frequency and effusion rate is valid, we propose that their short-term variation is the result of changes in the supply rate of magma to the near-vent conduit system. Therefore, these short-term data provide some evidence that the clear weeks- to months-long variation in Etna's effusive activity (January-August 2001) was overprinted by a minutes- to hour-scale oscillation in shallow supply. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, SOEST, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hawaii, SOEST, HIGP, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Florence, Dipartimento Sci Terra, I-50121 Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Sez Catania, Catania, Italy. Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK USA. Plymouth Marine Lab, NERC, Remote Sensing Data Anal Serv, Plymouth, Devon, England. RP Lautze, NC (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, SOEST, 1680 East West Rd,Post 606A, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM nlautze@soest.hawaii.edu RI Calvari, Sonia/A-3465-2013; OI Calvari, Sonia/0000-0001-8189-5499; Ripepe, Maurizio/0000-0002-1787-5618 NR 20 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD SEP 30 PY 2004 VL 137 IS 1-3 BP 231 EP 246 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.05.018 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 858GU UT WOS:000224181100015 ER PT J AU Waldhauser, F Ellsworth, WL Schaff, DP Cole, A AF Waldhauser, F Ellsworth, WL Schaff, DP Cole, A TI Streaks, multiplets, and holes: High-resolution spatio-temporal behavior of Parkfield seismicity SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; NORTHERN HAYWARD FAULT; EARTHQUAKE LOCATION; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; CALIFORNIA; RECURRENCE; SLIP; MICROEARTHQUAKES; SEQUENCES; INVERSION AB Double-difference locations of similar to8000 earthquakes from 1969-2002 on the Parkfield section of the San Andreas Fault reveal detailed fault structures and seismicity that is, although complex, highly organized in both space and time. Distinctive features of the seismicity include: 1) multiple recurrence of earthquakes of the same size at precisely the same location on the fault (multiplets), implying frictional or geometric controls on their location and size; 2) sub-horizontal alignments of hypocenters along the fault plane (streaks), suggestive of rheological transitions within the fault zone and/or stress concentrations between locked and creeping areas; 3) regions devoid of microearthquakes with typical dimensions of 1-5 km ( holes), one of which contains the M6 1966 Parkfield earthquake hypocenter. These features represent long lived structures that persist through many cycles of individual events. C1 Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM felixw@ldeo.columbia.edu NR 22 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 29 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 18 AR L18608 DI 10.1029/2004GL020649 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 861HY UT WOS:000224408400003 ER PT J AU Daniels, FJA Talbot, SS Talbot, SL Schofield, WB AF Daniels, FJA Talbot, SS Talbot, SL Schofield, WB TI Phytosociological study of the dwarf shrub heath of Simeonof Wilderness, Shumagin Islands, Southwestern Alaska SO PHYTOCOENOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE bryophytes; Empetrum; lichens; North Pacific; soil chemistry; syntaxonomy ID PLANT-COMMUNITIES; NORTH-AMERICA; ATTU ISLAND; VEGETATION; LICHENS; CLASSIFICATION; CHECKLIST; GREENLAND; PENINSULA AB The maritime dwarf shrub heath vegetation of the Northern Pacific, Simeonof Island, Shumagin Islands, Southwestern Alaska, was studied according to the Braun-Blanquet approach. Based on 30 releves of 16 m(2) that include vascular plants, bryophytes, and lichens, two new associations could be described belonging to the class Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea (order Rhododendro-Vaccinietalia): Rubo-Empetretum nigri and Carici-Empetretum nigri. The wind-sheltered Rubo-Empetretum nigri (alliance Phyllodoco-Vaccinion) mainly occurs in the lowlands on level terrain or sloping sites at lower foot slopes of mountains on deeper, mesic soil; this association is the zonal vegetation of the lowlands. Boreal, widespread and amphi-Beringian species are prominent in the distribution-type spectrum of the vascular plants. Two variants of Rubo-Empetretum nigri are described. A Geranium erianthum variant occurs on south-facing slopes and is rich in vascular plants species. A Plagiothecium undulatum variant is restricted to northern exposures and is rich in bryophytes and lichens. A Carici-Empetretum nigri (alliance Loiseleurio-Diapension) occurs on shallow soil on wind exposed sites at higher elevations in the mountains. It is very rich in lichen species of arctic-alpine distribution. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) suggests that altitude, nutrient content of the soil and exposition are the most important differential ecological factors. Soil depth, total carbon and nitrogen content, plant available phosphorus and all other measured cation contents are higher in Rubo-Empetretum than in Carici-Empetretum. Literature comparisons confirm the occurrence of both associations in other areas on the Southwest Alaska Peninsula and Aleutian Islands. Presumably both associations have an amphi-Beringian distribution. The syntaxonomy of boreal-montane dwarf shrub heaths and synecological aspects are briefly discussed. C1 Univ Munster, Inst Plant Ecol, D-48143 Munster, Germany. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Daniels, FJA (reprint author), Univ Munster, Inst Plant Ecol, Hindenburgpl 55, D-48143 Munster, Germany. RI Talbot, Sandra/C-9433-2011 NR 62 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU GEBRUDER BORNTRAEGER PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESSTR 3A, D-70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0340-269X J9 PHYTOCOENOLOGIA JI Phytocoenologia PD SEP 28 PY 2004 VL 34 IS 3 BP 465 EP 489 DI 10.1127/0340-269x/2004/0034-0465 PG 25 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 862NF UT WOS:000224496900003 ER PT J AU Fletcher, IR McNaughton, NJ Aleinikoff, JA Rasmussen, B Kamo, SL AF Fletcher, IR McNaughton, NJ Aleinikoff, JA Rasmussen, B Kamo, SL TI Improved calibration procedures and new standards for U-Pb and Th-Pb dating of Phanerozoic xenotime by ion microprobe SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE xenotime; geochronology; U-Pb; Th-Pb; SHRIMP; standards ID HYDROTHERMAL XENOTIME; SEDIMENTARY-ROCKS; CONSTRAINTS; CHRONOMETRY; MINERALS; DEPOSIT; EVENTS; AGES; REE AB Xenotime is a widely occurring mineral that is amenable to U-Pb and Th-Pb dating but often is found as micrometre-sized crystals that can only be dated by in situ microanalytical techniques. Determining accurate ages for Phanerozoic samples, and assessing concordance in older samples, requires accurate determination of Pb/U and Pb/Th; however, ion microprobe data for these ratios are affected by the highly variable trace element composition of xenotime. We have identified calibration procedures, including matrix corrections for the effects of the dominant trace elements U, Th and REE, that provide an accuracy of similar to1 % for Pb/U and <2% for Pb/Th. Several new standard samples are available that cover a range of compositions, permitting better matching of samples with standards as well as giving control of the matrix effects. However, no chemically homogeneous samples have been identified. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Geog Sci, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Geol, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada. RP Fletcher, IR (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Geog Sci, 35 Stirling Highway, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. EM ifletche@segs.uwa.edu.au RI McNaughton, Neal/E-3884-2014 NR 24 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD SEP 27 PY 2004 VL 209 IS 3-4 BP 295 EP 314 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.015 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 854KX UT WOS:000223902800007 ER PT J AU Gerlach, TM AF Gerlach, TM TI Volcanic sources of tropospheric ozone-depleting trace gases SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE ozone; trace gases; troposphere; volcanic gases; volcano emissions; atmospheric composition and structure : troposphere-composition and chemistry; volcanology : atmospheric effects (0370); volcanology : eruption monitoring (7280) ID SOUFRIERE HILLS VOLCANO; POLAR SUNRISE; WEST-INDIES; MOMOTOMBO VOLCANO; SATSUMA-IWOJIMA; BROMINE OXIDE; MONTSERRAT; EMISSIONS; GEOCHEMISTRY; DESTRUCTION AB [1] Recent investigations report mixing ratios of BrO gas reaching 1 ppb in plume 4 - 7 km downwind of the summit of Soufriere Hills volcano, Montserrat. The detection of BrO in volcanic plumes is potentially important evidence of halogen-catalyzed tropospheric ozone destruction and suggests that volcanoes either directly emit BrO or emit bromine species that are rapidly converted to reactive bromine in volcanic plumes. Species distribution models constrained by volcanic gas and condensate analytical data for arc, rift, and hot spot volcanoes demonstrate that shallow magma degassing generates volcanic gases with ppb to ppm levels of reactive radicals Br, Cl, H, and HO but no significant BrO or ClO. The conversion of volcanic Br and Cl by reaction with ozone in gas-phase catalytic reaction cycles during plume transport can lead to secondary BrO and ClO at mixing ratios of a ppt and higher, possibly approaching a ppb for especially halogen-rich volcanic gases, several kilometers downwind of degassing sources. In general, however, ppb BrO and ClO levels in volcanic plumes several kilometers downwind probably require near-vent, high-temperature reaction of magmatic gases with air and/or in-plume heterogeneous chemical processes involving aerosols during plume transport. These processes oxidize bromine and chlorine in HBr and HCl, giving rise to increased levels of reactive Br, Cl, and HO, in addition to NOx. They can also produce significant amounts of the photochemically active precursors Br-2, BrCl, and Cl-2, which are photolyzable to reactive Br and Cl. The precursors may build up in nighttime volcanic plumes and accelerate ozone destruction and BrO and ClO production after sunrise. Downwind conversion of reactive Br, Cl, H, and HO from volcanic gas sources by catalytic reaction chains to HOBr and HOCl may trigger heterogeneous chemical processes, which are probably essential for sustaining ozone destruction in volcanic plumes. Gas-phase reactions of HBr and HCl with HO in volcanic plumes might also boost BrO and ClO downwind. Thus in-plume processes that generate reactive halogens may contribute significantly to ozone destruction in volcanic plumes. Enhanced levels of HOx and NOx in volcanic emissions may trigger nonhalogen catalytic cycles depleting ozone in tropospheric volcanic plumes. C1 US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Gerlach, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Court 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM tgerlach@usgs.gov NR 50 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD SEP 24 PY 2004 VL 5 AR Q09007 DI 10.1029/2004GC000747 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 857NY UT WOS:000224125700002 ER PT J AU Graebing, PW Chib, JS Hubert, TD Gingerich, WH AF Graebing, PW Chib, JS Hubert, TD Gingerich, WH TI Metabolism of niclosamide in sediment and water systems SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE niclosamide; lampricide; half-life; aerobic soil metabolism; anaerobic soil metabolism ID ROUTINE TREATMENT; EN LABORATOIRE; RAPID LOSS; LAMPRICIDE AB A series of experiments analyzed the kinetics and mechanisms of [C-14]niclosamide degradation. The aerobic aquatic metabolism of [C-14]niclosamide was studied in nonsterile river water/sediment mixtures. Test systems, maintained under aerobic conditions, were treated with niclosamide and incubated in the dark at 25.0 +/- 1.0 degreesC for 30 days. Half-lives of 4.9 and 5.4 days were calculated for the chlorosalicylic acid- and chloronitroaniline-labeled test systems, respectively. From 0 to 21 days after treatment (DAT), the only metabolism product observed in either test system was aminoniclosamide. At the final sampling interval, five peaks were resolved from the chlorosalicylic acid label, and three peaks were resolved from the chloronitroaniline label test substance. By 30 DAT, sediment-bound residues represented similar to70% of the observed radioactivity. For the anaerobic aquatic metabolism of [C-14]niclosamide, test systems were incubated under anaerobic conditions for 365 days. Half-lives of 0.65 day for the chlorosalicylic acid label and 2.79 days for the chloronitroaniline label were calculated. From 0 to 3 DAT, niclosamide was first transformed into aminoniclosamide. Aminoniclosamide is readily formed, as it was observed in the chlorosalicylic acid label 0 DAT sampling. Several minor metabolites were observed in the water and sediment extracts. None of these metabolites were formed to a significant amount until the parent niclosamide dissipated below the detection limit. Two of the byproducts from these metabolism studies are polar unknowns eluting at 3 and 5 min by HPLC, similar to the unknowns observed in aqueous photolysis studies. C1 Pittsburgh Environm Res Lab Inc, Pittsburgh, PA 15238 USA. US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Chib, JS (reprint author), Pittsburgh Environm Res Lab Inc, Pittsburgh, PA 15238 USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 22 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 19 BP 5924 EP 5932 DI 10.1021/jf0401524 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 854UC UT WOS:000223927900027 PM 15366844 ER PT J AU Koneff, MD Royle, JA AF Koneff, MD Royle, JA TI Modeling wetland change along the United States Atlantic Coast SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE wetlands; change estimation; mapping; waterfowl; conservation planning; habitat objectives; Atlantic Coast ID HABITAT AB As an aid in waterfowl habitat conservation planning, we predicted change in wetland area between the 1950s and 1970s and the 1970s to 1990s along the United States Atlantic Coast. We developed zero-inflation models using logistic regression to predict occurrence and linear regression to predict area for six wetland classes: estuarine emergent, lacustrine, and palustrine emergent, forested, scrub-shrub, and unconsolidated bottom. A prediction grid of 10.36 km(2) cells was established for the study area. We predicted wetland class area for cells for four decades: 1950s, 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. Wetland occurrence and area measurements from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Wetlands Status and Trends Study (WST) sample plots served as response variables. Spatial structure in the WST data was preserved by interpolating residuals at plot locations and summing predicted residuals and predicted wetland area for each cell. Wetland changes reflect conversion both to and from upland as well as to and from other wetland classes. We predicted a 30.7 thousand ha decline in estuarine emergents in the study area from the 1950s to 1970s, but an increase of 0.9 thousand ha between the 1970s and 1990s. Predicted lacustrine area increased 161.6 thousand ha from the 1950s to 1970s, but declined 5.4 thousand ha from the 1970s to the 1990s. A loss of 731.4 thousand and 189.9 thousand ha of palustrine emergents was predicted from the 1950s to 1970s and from the 1970s to 1990s, respectively. Palustrine forested was predicted to have declined by 536.5 thousand ha between the 1950s and 1970s and 985.8 thousand ha between the 1970s and 1990s. Palustrine scrub-shrub was predicted to have declined 562.6 thousand ha between the 1950s and 1970s, but increased 119.2 thousand ha between the 1970s and 1990s. Finally, palustrine unconsolidated bottom wetlands were predicted to have increased 159.2 and 142.8 thousand ha between the 1950s and 1970s and 1970s and 1990s, respectively. Predictions were most reliable for estuarine emergent, lacustrine, and palustrine forested classes, probably due to the restricted distribution and relative constancy of the estuarine emergent and lacustrine classes. Reliable palustrine forested predictions were likely due to the association of this class with watercourses and the relationship between the predictor variables and lotic habitats. Predictor variables were likely less relevant for palustrine emergent, scrub-shrub, and unconsolidated bottom, where model fit was poorer. Human activities such as agriculture and forestry probably contributed to the poorer model fit for these classes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Bird Habitat Conservat, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Koneff, MD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Bird Habitat Conservat, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM mark_koneff@fws.gov OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 73 TC 10 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD SEP 15 PY 2004 VL 177 IS 1-2 BP 41 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2003.12.051 PG 19 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 838QC UT WOS:000222727000003 ER PT J AU Mitchell, MS Powell, RA AF Mitchell, MS Powell, RA TI A mechanistic home range model for optimal use of spatially distributed resources SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE area-minimizing; carrying capacity; landscape; limiting resources; optimal home range; patch; resource depression; resource distribution; resource-minimizing; resource threshold; spatially explicit; individual-based model ID HABITAT USE; POPULATION REGULATION; SPACING BEHAVIOR; ANIMAL MOVEMENT; TERRITORY SIZE; SMALL MAMMALS; BLACK BEARS; DENSITY; HUMMINGBIRDS; TIME AB Home ranges of animals are associated with the spatial distribution of limiting resources on a landscape, yet no mechanistic models representing this relationship exist. We present models of how animals might choose patches for their home ranges in ways that are optimal with respect to spatially distributed resources. The models assume that animals choose patches for their home ranges based on resource benefits discounted for travel costs. Animals might select patches to maximize resources within their home ranges over random use of the landscape (resource maximization), or to satisfy a minimum resource threshold needed for survival or reproduction (area minimization). We evaluated how landscape configuration structures home ranges of animals by performing individual-based, spatially explicit computer simulations using each model on simulated landscapes that differed only in the spatial continuity of resources among patches (from over-dispersed to clumped). The most important factor determining quality, efficiency, resource content, and spatial distribution of home ranges was the extent to which resources were clumped on a landscape. Characteristics of resource-maximizing home ranges were determined only by the distribution of resources, and differed from those of area-minimizing home ranges depending upon the magnitude of the resource threshold required. An increase in resource threshold increased area and total resource content for area-minimizing home ranges, but did not change their quality or efficiency. Because animals can consume or protect resources within their home ranges, they can depress the value of resources available to other animals and hence how those animals will choose their home ranges. Depression of resource values on a landscape by animals should result in different configuration and spatial distribution of home ranges on a landscape than would be predicted in its absence. We modified the two home range models to depress the value of resources available to other animals within patches selected for each home range. We generated home ranges with the new models on the simulated landscapes and evaluated how home ranges with resource depression varied with landscape configuration and with the number of home ranges on the landscape. We compared characteristics and spatial distribution of home ranges with resource depression to those of home ranges that do not. For the number of simulations we performed, resource depression resulted in home ranges that differed little in configuration and landscape interactions from those without, except that they were distributed more evenly on the landscapes and overlapped each other less. As the number of home ranges on a landscape increased, resource distributions declined in quality and heterogeneity, and home ranges became larger, less efficient, and of lower quality. Our results suggest that, in addition to landscape configuration, the extent to which animals depress resources included in their home ranges should determine the evenness of spatial dispersion, overlap, and home range structure, especially where animals select home ranges to satisfy a specific resource threshold and the density of animals is high. Because resource depression sets a limit on the number of home ranges a landscape with fixed resource levels can support, our models provide a means of assessing carrying capacity of a landscape. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Auburn Univ, US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Mitchell, MS (reprint author), Auburn Univ, US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, 108 M White Smith Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM mike_mitchell@auburn.edu RI Mitchell, Michael/H-1117-2011 NR 49 TC 92 Z9 95 U1 5 U2 63 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD SEP 15 PY 2004 VL 177 IS 1-2 BP 209 EP 232 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.01.015 PG 24 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 838QC UT WOS:000222727000014 ER PT J AU Ji, C Larson, KM Tan, Y Hudnut, KW Choi, KH AF Ji, C Larson, KM Tan, Y Hudnut, KW Choi, KH TI Slip history of the 2003 San Simeon earthquake constrained by combining 1-Hz GPS, strong motion, and teleseismic data SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 1979 IMPERIAL-VALLEY; 1999 HECTOR MINE; CALIFORNIA; DISPLACEMENTS; INVERSION AB The slip history of the 2003 San Simeon earthquake is constrained by combining strong motion and teleseismic data, along with GPS static offsets and 1-Hz GPS observations. Comparisons of a 1-Hz GPS time series and a co-located strong motion data are in very good agreement, demonstrating a new application of GPS. The inversion results for this event indicate that the rupture initiated at a depth of 8.5 km and propagated southeastwards with a speed similar to 3.0 km/sec, with rake vectors forming a fan structure around the hypocenter. We obtained a peak slip of 2.8 m and total seismic moment of 6.2 x 10(18) Nm. We interpret the slip distribution as indicating that the hanging wall rotates relative to the footwall around the hypocenter, in a sense that appears consistent with the shape of the mapped fault trace. C1 CALTECH, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Ji, C (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM jichen@gps.caltech.edu RI Hudnut, Kenneth/B-1945-2009; Hudnut, Kenneth/G-5713-2010 OI Hudnut, Kenneth/0000-0002-3168-4797; NR 22 TC 73 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 15 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 17 AR L17608 DI 10.1029/2004GL020448 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 857MZ UT WOS:000224122800004 ER PT J AU Hildreth, W AF Hildreth, W TI Volcanological perspectives on Long Valley, Mammoth Mountain, and Mono Craters: several contiguous but discrete systems SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE magmatism; rhyolites; calderas; long valley; mammoth mountain; volcanic fields ID SOUTHERN SIERRA-NEVADA; INYO VOLCANIC CHAIN; EASTERN CALIFORNIA; BISHOP TUFF; MAGMA-CHAMBER; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM; GLASS MOUNTAIN; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; MELT INCLUSIONS; RESIDENCE TIMES AB The volcanic history of the Long Valley region is examined within a framework of six successive (spatially discrete) foci of silicic magmatism, each driven by locally concentrated basaltic intrusion of the deep crust in response to extensional unloading and decompression melting of the upper mantle. A precaldera dacite field (3.5-2.5 Ma) northwest of the later site of Long Valley and the Glass Mountain locus of >60 high-silica rhyolite vents (2.2-0.79 Ma) northeast of it were spatially and temporally independent magmatic foci, both cold in postcaldera time. Shortly before the 760-ka caldera-forming eruption, the mantle-driven focus of crustal melting shifted similar to20 km westward, abandoning its long-stable position under Glass Mountain and energizing instead the central Long Valley system that released 600 km(3) of compositionally zoned rhyolitic Bishop Tuff (760 ka), followed by similar to100 km(3) of crystal-poor Early Rhyolite (760-650 ka) on the resurgent dome and later by three separate 5-unit clusters of varied Moat Rhyolites of small volume (527-101 ka). West of the caldera ring-fault zone, a fourth focus started up similar to160 ka, producing a 10 x 20-km array of at least 35 mafic vents that surround the trachydacite/alkalic rhyodacite Mammoth Mountain dome complex at its core. This young 70-vent system lies west of the structural caldera and (though it may have locally re-energized the western margin of the mushy moribund Long Valley reservoir) represents a thermally and compositionally independent focus. A fifth major discrete focus started up by similar to50 ka, 25-30 km north of Mammoth Mountain, beneath the center of what has become the Mono Craters chain. In the Holocene, this system advanced both north and south, producing similar to30 dike-fed domes of crystal-poor high-silica rhyolite, some as young as 650 years. The nearby chain of mid-to-late Holocene Inyo domes is a fault-influenced zone of mixing where magmas of at least four kinds are confluent. The sixth and youngest focus is at Mono Lake, where basalt, dacite, and low-silica rhyolite unrelated to the Mono Craters magma reservoir have erupted in the interval 14 to 0.25 ka. A compelling inference is that mantle-driven magmatic foci have moved repeatedly, allowing abandoned silicic reservoirs, including the formerly vigorous Long Valley magma chamber, to crystallize. A 100-fold decline of intracaldera eruption rate after 650 ka, lack of crystal-poor rhyolite since 300 ka, limited volumes of moat rhyolite (most of it crystal-rich), absence of postcaldera mafic volcanism inside the structural caldera (or north and south adjacent to it), low thermal gradients inside the caldera, and sourcing of hydrothermal underflow within the western array well outside the ring-fault zone all suggest that the Long Valley magma reservoir is moribund. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Volcano Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hildreth, W (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Volcano Hazards Team, MS-910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM hildreth@usgs.gov NR 92 TC 240 Z9 241 U1 5 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD SEP 15 PY 2004 VL 136 IS 3-4 BP 169 EP 198 DI 10.1016/j.volgrores.2004.05.019 PG 30 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 853FX UT WOS:000223813600001 ER PT J AU Fierstine, H Weems, R AF Fierstine, Harry Weems, Robert TI A FINE CATCH OF BILLFISH FROM THE OLIGOCENE OF SOUTH CAROLINA SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fierstine, Harry] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. [Weems, Robert] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PD SEP 10 PY 2004 VL 24 IS 3 BP 57A EP 57A PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA V05MT UT WOS:000207130800136 ER PT J AU Ramachandran, K Dosso, SE Zelt, CA Spence, GD Hyndman, RD Brocher, TM AF Ramachandran, K Dosso, SE Zelt, CA Spence, GD Hyndman, RD Brocher, TM TI Upper crustal structure of southwestern British Columbia from the 1998 Seismic Hazards Investigation in Puget Sound SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE seismic tomography; wide-angle; Cascadia ID SOUTHERN VANCOUVER-ISLAND; CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; WASHINGTON; BENEATH; LOWLAND; GEORGIA; EARTHQUAKE; TOMOGRAPHY; LITHOPROBE AB [ 1] This paper applies nonlinear three-dimensional travel time tomography to refraction data recorded during the 1998 Seismic Hazards Investigation in Puget Sound ( SHIPS) to derive the first large-scale, high-resolution upper crustal velocity model for southwestern British Columbia. A minimum structure P wave velocity model is constructed using 175,000 first arrival travel times picked from data recorded by 58 temporary onshore stations. The model details forearc crustal structures related to terrane accretion and subsequent basin formation to a depth of about 10 km. The Metchosin igneous complex ( correlative with the Eocene Crescent-Siletz Terrane in Washington) is imaged as a laterally extensive WNW trending high-velocity anomaly underlying southernmost Vancouver Island and much of the Strait of Juan du Fuca. Northeast of the Strait of Georgia, the southwesterly dip of the contact between the Wrangellia terrane rocks of Vancouver Island and the Coast Plutonic Complex suggests Wrangellia rocks are down-faulted against the plutonic complex. At the southwestern end of the Strait of Juan de Fuca, the 50 km long WNW trending Clallam basin has a maximum thickness of 5 - 6 km. Near the eastern end of the Strait of Juan de Fuca, Port Townsend basin has an inferred thickness of approximately 4 - 5 km. The southern end of the 9 km thick Georgia basin is bounded by a high-velocity basement ridge. Beneath the Strait of Georgia, clusters of well-located earthquakes have a prominent NW trend and coincide spatially with rapid lateral velocity changes. Clusters of microearthquakes there are associated with the intersection of several east trending structural highs within this NW trend. C1 Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Houston, TX 77251 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ramachandran, K (reprint author), Geol Survey Canada, Pacific Geosci Ctr, 9860 W Saanich Rd, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. EM kramacha@nrcan.gc.ca; sdosso@uvic.ca; czelt@rice.edu; gspence@uvic.ca; hyndman@pgc.nrcan.gc.ca; brocher@usgs.gov RI Zelt, Colin/A-2555-2011; OI Zelt, Colin/0000-0002-4686-9460; Brocher, Thomas/0000-0002-9740-839X NR 42 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD SEP 9 PY 2004 VL 109 IS B9 AR B09303 DI 10.1029/2003JB002826 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 854HL UT WOS:000223893000003 ER PT J AU Holland, JN DeAngelis, DL Schultz, ST AF Holland, JN DeAngelis, DL Schultz, ST TI Evolutionary stability of mutualism: interspecific population regulation as an evolutionarily stable strategy SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE fruit abortion; hermaphrodite; pollination; population dynamics; resource trade-offs; sex allocation ID YUCCA MOTHS; FRUIT-SET; PLANTS; COOPERATION; POLLINATION; SANCTIONS; DYNAMICS; COEXISTENCE; ALLOCATION; WHIPPLEI AB Interspecific mutualisms are often vulnerable to instability because low benefit: cost ratios can rapidly lead to extinction or to the conversion of mutualism to parasite-host or predator-prey interactions. We hypothesize that the evolutionary stability of mutualism can depend on how benefits and costs to one mutualist vary with the population density of its partner, and that stability can be maintained if a mutualist can influence demographic rates and regulate the population density of its partner. We test this hypothesis in a model of mutualism with key features of senita cactus (Pachycereus schottii) - senita moth (Upiga virescens) interactions, in which benefits of pollination and costs of larval seed consumption to plant fitness depend on pollinator density. We show that plants can maximize their fitness by allocating resources to the production of excess flowers at the expense of fruit. Fruit abortion resulting from excess flower production reduces pre-adult survival of the pollinating seed-consumer, and maintains its density beneath a threshold that would destabilize the mutualism. Such a strategy of excess flower production and fruit abortion is convergent and evolutionarily stable against invasion by cheater plants that produce few flowers and abort few to no fruit. This novel mechanism of achieving evolutionarily stable mutualism, namely interspecific population regulation, is qualitatively different from other mechanisms invoking partner choice or selective rewards, and may be a general process that helps to preserve mutualistic interactions in nature. C1 Rice Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Miami, Dept Biol, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Holland, JN (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, MS 170,6100 S Main St, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM jholland@rice.edu; ddeangelis@umiami.ir.miami.edu; schultz@fig.cox.miami.edu RI Schultz, Stewart/F-3599-2010 NR 37 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 4 U2 31 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD SEP 7 PY 2004 VL 271 IS 1550 BP 1807 EP 1814 DI 10.1098/rspb.2004.2789 PG 8 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 850UA UT WOS:000223637200007 PM 15315896 ER PT J AU Mehl, S Hill, MC AF Mehl, S Hill, MC TI Three-dimensional local grid refinement for block-centered finite-difference groundwater models using iteratively coupled shared nodes: a new method of interpolation and analysis of errors SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE local grid refinement; finite-difference groundwater models; interpolation; MODFLOW ID FLOW; RESOLUTION AB This paper describes work that extends to three dimensions the two-dimensional local-grid refinement method for block-centered finite-difference groundwater models of Mehl and Hill [Development and evaluation of a local grid refinement method for blockcentered finite-difference groundwater models using shared nodes. Adv Water Resour 2002;25(5):497-511]d. In this approach, the (parent) finite-difference grid is discretized more finely within a (child) sub-region. The grid refinement method sequentially solves each grid and uses specified flux (parent) and specified head (child) boundary conditions to couple the grids. Iteration achieves convergence between heads and fluxes of both grids. Of most concern is how to interpolate heads onto the boundary of the child grid such that the physics of the parent-grid flow is retained in three dimensions. We develop a new two-step, "cage-shell" interpolation method based on the solution of the flow equation on the boundary of the child between nodes shared with the parent grid. Error analysis using a test case indicates that the shared-node local grid refinement method with cage-shell boundary head interpolation is accurate and robust, and the resulting code is used to investigate three-dimensional local grid refinement of stream-aquifer interactions. Results reveal that (1) the parent and child grids interact to shift the true head and flux solution to a different solution where the heads and fluxes of both grids are in equilibrium, (2) the locally refined model provided a solution for both heads and fluxes in the region of the refinement that was more accurate than a model without refinement only if iterations are performed so that both heads and fluxes are in equilibrium, and (3) the accuracy of the coupling is limited by the parent-grid size-a coarse parent grid limits correct representation of the hydraulics in the feedback from the child grid. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Mehl, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM swmehl@usgs.gov; mchill@usgs.gov NR 22 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 27 IS 9 BP 899 EP 912 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2004.06.004 PG 14 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 862MC UT WOS:000224494000004 ER PT J AU Lisle, JT Hamilton, MA Willse, AR McFeters, GA AF Lisle, JT Hamilton, MA Willse, AR McFeters, GA TI Comparison of fluorescence microscopy and solid-phase cytometry methods for counting bacteria in water SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; EPIFLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; PHYSIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; VIABILITY ASSESSMENT; DRINKING-WATER; ENUMERATION; SAMPLES; FILTERS; NUMBERS; CELLS AB Total direct counts of bacterial abundance are central in assessing the biomass and bacteriological quality of water in ecological and industrial applications. Several factors have been identified that contribute to the variability in bacterial abundance counts when using fluorescent microscopy, the most significant of which is retaining an adequate number of cells per filter to ensure an acceptable level of statistical confidence in the resulting data. Previous studies that have assessed the components of total-direct-count methods that contribute to this variance have attempted to maintain a bacterial cell abundance value per filter of approximately 106 cells filter. In this study we have established the lower limit for the number of bacterial cells per filter at which the statistical reliability of the abundance estimate is no longer acceptable. Our results indicate that when the numbers of bacterial cells per filter were progressively reduced below 105, the microscopic methods increasingly overestimated the true bacterial abundance (range, 15.0 to 99.3%). The solid-phase cytometer only slightly overestimated the true bacterial abundances and was more consistent over the same range of bacterial abundances per filter (range, 8.9 to 12.5%). The solid-phase cytometer method for conducting total direct counts of bacteria was less biased and performed significantly better than any of the microscope methods. It was also found that microscopic count data from counting 5 fields on three separate filters were statistically equivalent to data from counting 20 fields on a single filter. C1 US Geol Serv, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, St Petersburg, FL USA. Montana State Univ, Ctr Biofilm Engn, Bozeman, MT USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Lisle, JT (reprint author), 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM jlisle@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 70 IS 9 BP 5343 EP 5348 DI 10.1128/AEM.70.9.5343-5348.2004 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 854KI UT WOS:000223901100038 PM 15345419 ER PT J AU Witte, KM Wanty, RB Ridley, WI AF Witte, KM Wanty, RB Ridley, WI TI Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii) as a biological monitor of changes in soil metal loading related to past mining activity SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TREE-RING ANALYSIS; GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION; POLLUTION; DEPOSITION; CHEMISTRY; HISTORY; FORESTS; CADMIUM; RECORD; TRENDS AB Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii) is the dominant tree species in many abandoned mine areas of the Rocky Mountains. It is long-lived, and therefore, may act as a long term biological monitor of changes in soil chemistry caused by past mining activity. In this study, laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) was used to analyze individual tree rings of Engelmann spruce for Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd, Mn, Pb and Sr concentrations. Cores were obtained from trees growing in tailings-impacted and control (non-tailings impacted) sites near the Waldorf mine (Waldorf, CO, USA). Zinc, Cu, Fe, Cd, Pb and Sr concentrations remained low and consistent over time in the control tree rings. However, in the tailings impacted cores, concentrations of Zn, Cu, Fe and Cd increase significantly in post-mining rings. In addition, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Cd concentrations in pre-mining rings of both the control and tailings impacted cores are similar, indicating that present day soil concentrations of these elements in the control area are a reasonable estimation of background for this area. Lead and Sr concentrations in control and tailings-impacted rings remained similar and relatively constant through time and are not useful in determining changes in soil chemistry due to past mining activity. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80403 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Witte, KM (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80403 USA. EM kwitte@mines.edu NR 32 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 19 IS 9 BP 1367 EP 1376 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.01.022 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 845JI UT WOS:000223238200002 ER PT J AU Tesoriero, AJ Spruill, TB Eimers, JL AF Tesoriero, AJ Spruill, TB Eimers, JL TI Geochemistry of shallow ground water in coastal plain environments in the southeastern United States: implications for aquifer susceptibility SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DENITRIFICATION; CONTAMINATION; ELECTRON; MARYLAND; FATE AB Ground-water chemistry data from coastal plain environments have been examined to determine the geochemical conditions and processes that occur in these areas and assess their implications for aquifer susceptibility. Two distinct geochemical environments were studied to represent a range of conditions: an inner coastal plain setting having more well-drained soils and lower organic carbon (C) content and an outer coastal plain environment that has more poorly drained soils and high organic C content. Higher concentrations of most major ions and dissolved inorganic and organic C in the outer coastal plain setting indicate a greater degree of mineral dissolution and organic matter oxidation. Accordingly, outer coastal plain waters are more reducing than inner coastal plain waters. Low dissolved oxygen (O-2) and nitrate (NO concentrations and high iron (Fe) concentrations indicate that ferric iron (Fe (111)) is an important electron acceptor in this setting, while dissolved O-2 is the most common terminal electron acceptor in the inner coastal plain setting. The presence of a wide range of redox conditions in the shallow aquifer system examined here underscores the importance of providing a detailed geochemical characterization of ground water when assessing the intrinsic susceptibility of coastal plain settings. The greater prevalence of aerobic conditions in the inner coastal plain setting makes this region more susceptible to contamination by constituents that are more stable under these conditions and is consistent with the significantly (p < 0.05) higher concentrations of NO3- found in this setting. Herbicides and their transformation products were frequently detected (36% of wells sampled), however concentrations were typically low (<0.1 mug/L). Shallow water table depths often found in coastal plain settings may result in an increased risk of the detection of pesticides (e.g., alachlor) that degrade rapidly in the unsaturated zone. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. US Geol Survey, Coram, NY 11727 USA. RP Tesoriero, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3916 Sunset Ridge Rd, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. EM tesorier@usgs.gov; tspruill@usgs.gov; jleimers@usgs.gov NR 41 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 19 IS 9 BP 1471 EP 1482 DI 10.1016/apgeochem.2004.01.021 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 845JI UT WOS:000223238200009 ER PT J AU Rach, JJ Valentine, JJ Schreier, TM Gaikowski, MP Crawford, TG AF Rach, JJ Valentine, JJ Schreier, TM Gaikowski, MP Crawford, TG TI Efficacy of hydrogen peroxide to control saprolegniasis on channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) eggs SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE hydrogen peroxide; channel catfish; fish eggs; therapeutic treatments ID INCUBATION AB The efficacy of hydrogen peroxide to control mortality associated with saprolegniasis in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) eggs was evaluated at the Lost Valley State Fish Hatchery (Warsaw, MO). Two efficacy trials were conducted. In Trial 1, channel catfish eggs in their natural gelatinous matrix were treated with hydrogen peroxide at 0, 500, and 750 mg l(-1). Channel catfish eggs in Trial 2 had the gelatinous matrix removed before treatment with hydrogen peroxide at 0 and 500 mg l(-1). Each treatment regimen was tested in triplicate and each egg jar contained similar to 17,400 eggs. Hydrogen peroxide was administered as a 15-min flow-through treatment applied once daily for a total of six applications. Control jars were similarly treated with culture water. Samples of exposure water were collected during each treatment and analyzed to verify actual treatment concentrations. Hydrogen peroxide treatment efficacy was assessed by comparing the percent egg hatch in the treatment group to the untreated control group in each trial. Mean percent hatch in Trial I was 44% (control), 54% (500 mg l(-1)), and 69% (750 mg l(-1)). Hydrogen peroxide treatment at either 500 or 750 mg l(-1) significantly (P<0.01) increased the percent hatch compared to the untreated control group. In Trial 2, hydrogen peroxide treatment at 500 mg l(-1) significantly (P<0.01) increased the percent egg hatch (67%) relative to the untreated controls (57%). Hydrogen peroxide treatment reduced egg mortality and increased the percent hatch of channel catfish eggs regardless of whether eggs were incubated in the gelatinous matrix or without the matrix in comparison to the untreated control. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. Missouri Dept Conservat, Lost Valley State Fish Hatchery, Warsaw, MO USA. RP Rach, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM Jeffrey_Rach@usgs.gov OI Gaikowski, Mark/0000-0002-6507-9341 NR 16 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 238 IS 1-4 BP 135 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.06.007 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 855VZ UT WOS:000224004300011 ER PT J AU Liu, KKM Barrows, FT Hardy, RW Dong, FM AF Liu, KKM Barrows, FT Hardy, RW Dong, FM TI Body composition, growth performance, and product quality of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed diets containing poultry fat, soybean/corn lecithin, or menhaden oil SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE rainbow trout; menhaden oil; soybean/com lecithin; poultry fat; product quality; sensory evaluation ID ALTERNATIVE LIPID SOURCES; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; ATLANTIC SALMON; ACID COMPOSITION; MUSCLE; FISH; PHOSPHORUS; GAIRDNERI; TISSUE; FEEDS AB The suitability of soybean/corn lecithin and poultry fat as partial replacements for menhaden oil in feeds for post-juvenile rainbow trout (initial weight 46.0 g) was investigated. For 16 weeks, fish were fed experimental diets in which either 10% menhaden oil (FO), 10% poultry fat (PF), 10% lecithin (soybean/com, L10), or 15% lecithin (soybean/com, L15), plus 5% supplemental menhaden oil was added to fish meal-based diets. There were no significant differences in body weight gain among all treatments (328-347 g/fish), although fish fed the L15 diet consumed significantly more feed (299 g/fish) than fish fed the PF diet (269 g/fish). Sensory analysis indicated that raw L10 fillets stored for 4 and 12 weeks at -20 degreesC were significantly more yellow than raw FO fillets. Raw and cooked L15 fillets stored for I and 8 days at 5 degreesC, or for 17 days, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks at - 20 degreesC had significantly higher colorimetric b* values (more yellow) than raw and cooked FO, PF, and L10 fillets. There was a trend for FO fillets to have higher TBARS values compared to fillets of the other treatments when stored under all time/ temperature conditions tested. Although fillets of fish fed diets containing soybean/corn lecithin were more yellow in color, either lecithin (soybean/com) or poultry fat was a nutritionally suitable substitute for most of the fish oil added to fish feeds. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Coll Agr Consumer & Environm Sci, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Idaho, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Dong, FM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Coll Agr Consumer & Environm Sci, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, 260 Bevier Hall,MC-182,905 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM fayedong@uiuc.edu NR 40 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 238 IS 1-4 BP 309 EP 328 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.03.002 PG 20 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 855VZ UT WOS:000224004300025 ER PT J AU Gooseff, MN Mcknight, DM Runkel, RL AF Gooseff, MN Mcknight, DM Runkel, RL TI Reach-scale cation exchange controls on major ion chemistry of an Antarctic glacial meltwater stream SO AQUATIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ion exchange; major ion chemistry; McMurdo dry valleys; reactive solute transport; stream tracer experiment ID MCMURDO DRY VALLEYS; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; HYPORHEIC EXCHANGE; WATER CHEMISTRY; TAYLOR VALLEY; VICTORIA LAND; POLAR DESERT; SEDIMENT; FRYXELL; MODEL AB The McMurdo dry valleys of Antarctica represent the largest of the ice-free areas on the Antarctic continent, containing glaciers, meltwater streams, and closed basin lakes. Previous geochemical studies of dry valley streams and lakes have addressed chemical weathering reactions of hyporheic substrate and geochemical evolution of dry valley surface waters. We examine cation transport and exchange reactions during a stream tracer experiment in a dry valley glacial meltwater stream. The injection solution was composed of dissolved Li+, Na+, K+, and Cl-. Chloride behaved conservatively in this stream, but Li+, Na+, and K+ were reactive to varying degrees. Mass balance analysis indicates that relative to Cl-, Li+ and K+ were taken up in downstream transport and Na+ was released. Simulations of conservative and reactive (first-order uptake or generation) solute transport were made with the OTIS (one-dimensional solute transport with inflow and storage) model. Among the four experimental reaches of Green Creek, solute transport simulations reveal that Li+ was removed from stream water in all four reaches, K+ was released in two reaches, taken up in one reach, and Na+ was released in all four reaches. Hyporheic sediments appear to be variable with uptake of Li+ in two reaches, uptake of K+ in one reach, release of K+ in two reaches, and uptake of Na+ in one reach. Mass balances of the conservative and reactive simulations show that from 1.05 to 2.19 moles of Li+ was adsorbed per reach, but less than 0.3 moles of K+ and less than 0.9 moles of Na+ were released per reach. This suggests that either ( 1) exchange of another ion which was not analyzed in this experiment or ( 2) that both ion exchange and sorption control inorganic solute transport. The elevated cation concentrations introduced during the experiment are typical of initial flows in each flow season, which flush accumulated dry salts from the streambed. We propose that the bed sediments ( which compose the hyporheic zone) modulate the flushing of these salts during initial flows each season, due to ion exchange and sorption reactions. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Gooseff, MN (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM michael.gooseff@usu.edu RI Gooseff, Michael/B-9273-2008; Gooseff, Michael/N-6087-2015; OI Gooseff, Michael/0000-0003-4322-8315; MCKNIGHT, DIANE/0000-0002-4171-1533 NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-6165 J9 AQUAT GEOCHEM JI Aquat. Geochem. PD SEP-DEC PY 2004 VL 10 IS 3-4 BP 221 EP 238 DI 10.1007/s10498-004-2260-4 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 868JQ UT WOS:000224910300003 ER PT J AU Bishop, MA Warnock, N Takekawa, JY AF Bishop, MA Warnock, N Takekawa, JY TI Differential spring migration by male and female Western Sandpipers at interior and coastal stopover sites SO ARDEA LA English DT Article DE Calidris mauri; sex differences; avian migration; radio telemetry; phenology; shorebirds; waders; stopover ecology; Pacific Flyway ID ARCTIC-BREEDING SANDPIPERS; CALIDRIS-MAURI; PACIFIC COAST; TRADE-OFFS; SEX-RATIOS; WADDEN SEA; BODY-MASS; FIDELITY; GROUNDS; DUNLINS AB Western Sandpipers Calidris mauri are differential migrants on their nonbreeding areas, with females wintering farther south. Earlier passage of males in the spring has been explained by sexual differences in winter latitude (male-biased sex ratios at more northerly areas) and onset of migration (males departing earlier). We investigated sex differences during spring migration by capturing and radio-marking Western Sandpipers at two Pacific coast sites, San Francisco Bay, California and Grays Harbor, Washington and at a Great Basin interior wetland, Honey Lake, California. We monitored northward migration of 132 radio-marked birds at a network of 12 major stopover sites and 4 breeding areas. At the banding sites, we observed differences in sex by date and site, with males preceding females. We found sex differences in departure time of radio-marked birds from the banding site, their arrival time at the Copper River Delta, Alaska (our most frequently used stopover site), and in the likelihood that a Stopover was used. Our data suggest that by mid to late April, migration timing becomes more compressed and sex differences are less pronounced and harder to detect. C1 US Forest Serv, Copper River Delta Inst, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Cordova, AK 99574 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Fisheries, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. RP Bishop, MA (reprint author), Prince William Sound Sci Ctr, POB 705, Cordova, AK 99574 USA. EM mbishop@pwssc.gen.ak.us NR 58 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 14 PU NEDERLANDSE ORNITHOLOGISCHE UNIE PI ZEIST PA C/O PAUL STARMANS, OUDE ARNHEMSEWEG 261, 3705 BD ZEIST, NETHERLANDS SN 0373-2266 J9 ARDEA JI Ardea PD FAL PY 2004 VL 92 IS 2 BP 185 EP 196 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 960VH UT WOS:000231620800006 ER PT J AU Haro, A Castro-Santos, T Noreika, J Odeh, M AF Haro, A Castro-Santos, T Noreika, J Odeh, M TI Swimming performance of upstream migrant fishes in open-channel flow: a new approach to predicting passage through velocity barriers SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; SOCKEYE-SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; YOUNG SOCKEYE; AMERICAN SHAD; SPEED; TEMPERATURE; SIZE; EXERCISE; BASS AB The ability to traverse barriers of high-velocity flow limits the distributions of many diadromous and other migratory fish species, yet very few data exist that quantify this ability. We provide a detailed analysis of sprint swimming ability of six migratory fish species (American shad (Alosa sapidissima), alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), blueback herring (Alosa aestivalis), striped bass (Morone saxatilis), walleye (Stizostedion vitreum), and white sucker (Catostomus commersoni)) against controlled water velocities of 1.5-4.5 m.s(-1) in a large, open-channel flume. Performance was strictly voluntary: no coercive incentives were used to motivate fish to sprint. We used these data to generate models of maximum distance traversed, taking into account effects of flow velocity, body length, and temperature. Although the maximum distance traversed decreased with increasing velocity, the magnitude of this effect varied among species. Other covariate effects were likewise variable, with divergent effects of temperature and nonuniform length effects. These effects do not account for all of the variability in performance, however, and behavioral traits may account for observed interspecific differences. We propose the models be used to develop criteria for fish passage structures, culverts, and breached dams. C1 US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Rs Ctr, Biol Resources Discipline, Leetown Sci Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Haro, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Rs Ctr, Biol Resources Discipline, Leetown Sci Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. EM Alex_Haro@usgs.gov OI Haro, Alexander/0000-0002-7188-9172; Castro-Santos, Theodore/0000-0003-2575-9120 NR 55 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 8 U2 53 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 61 IS 9 BP 1590 EP 1601 DI 10.1139/F04-093 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 875SK UT WOS:000225441800005 ER PT J AU Castro-Santos, T AF Castro-Santos, T TI Quantifying the combined effects of attempt rate and swimming capacity on passage through velocity barriers SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; SOCKEYE-SALMON; RESPIRATORY METABOLISM; POWER PRODUCTION; IN-VIVO; PERFORMANCE; FISH; TEMPERATURE; RECOVERY; EXERCISE AB The ability of fish to migrate past velocity barriers results from both attempt rate and swimming capacity. Here, I formalize this relationship, providing equations for estimating the proportion of a population successfully passing a barrier over a range of distances and times. These equations take into account the cumulative effect of multiple attempts, the time required to stage those attempts, and both the distance traversed on each attempt and its variability. I apply these equations to models of white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) and walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) ascending a 23-m-long flume against flows ranging from 1.5 to 4.5 m.s(-1). Attempt rate varied between species, attempts, and over time and was influenced by hydraulic variables (velocity of flow and discharge). Distance of ascent was primarily influenced by flow velocity. Although swimming capacity was similar, white sucker had greater attempt rates, and consequently better passage success, than walleye. Over short distances, models for both species predict greater passage success against higher velocities owing to the associated increased attempt rate. These results highlight the importance of attraction to fish passage and the need for further investigation into the hydraulic and other environmental conditions required to simultaneously optimize both attempt rate and passage success. C1 US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Leetown Sci Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Castro-Santos, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Leetown Sci Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. EM TCastro_Santos@usgs.gov OI Castro-Santos, Theodore/0000-0003-2575-9120 NR 46 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 19 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 61 IS 9 BP 1602 EP 1615 DI 10.1139/F04-094 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 875SK UT WOS:000225441800006 ER PT J AU Tsiouris, JA Chauhan, VPS Sheikh, AM Chauhan, A Malik, M Vaughan, MR AF Tsiouris, JA Chauhan, VPS Sheikh, AM Chauhan, A Malik, M Vaughan, MR TI Similarities in acute phase protein response during hibernation in black bears and major depression in humans: a response to underlying metabolic depression? SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Review ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; SEASONAL AFFECTIVE-DISORDER; PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS; STRESSFUL LIFE EVENTS; MAMMALIAN HIBERNATION; URSUS-AMERICANUS; PLASMA-PROTEINS; INTERLEUKIN-6 ACTIVITY; IMMUNE ACTIVATION; GROUND SQUIRRELS AB This study investigated the effects of hibernation with mild hypothermia and the stress of captivity on levels of six acute-phase proteins (APPs) in serial samples of serum from 11 wild and 6 captive black bears (Ursus americanus Pallas, 1780) during active and hibernating states. We hypothesize that during hibernation with mild hypothermia, bears would show an APP response similar to that observed in major depression. Enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay was used to measure alpha(2)-macroglobulin and C-reactive protein, and a nephelometer to measure alpha(1)-antitrypsin, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, and transferrin. Levels of all other proteins except ceruloplasmin were significantly elevated during hibernation in both wild and captive bears at the p < 0.05 to p < 0.001 level. Alpha(2)-macroglobulin and C-reactive-protein levels were increased in captive versus wild bears in both active and hibernating states at the p < 0.01 to p < 0.0001 level. During hibernation with mild hypothermia, black bears do not show immunosuppression, but show an increased APP response similar to that in patients with major depression. This APP response is explained as an adaptive response to the underlying metabolic depression in both conditions. Metabolic depression in hibernating bears is suggested as a natural model for research to explain the neurobiology of depression. C1 New York State Inst Basic Res Dev Disabil, George Jervis Clin, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Biol Resource Discipline, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Tsiouris, JA (reprint author), New York State Inst Basic Res Dev Disabil, George Jervis Clin, 1050 Forest Hill Rd, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. EM John.Tsiouris@omr.state.ny.us NR 106 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 EI 1480-3283 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 82 IS 9 BP 1468 EP 1476 DI 10.1139/Z04-122 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 883YI UT WOS:000226051400010 ER PT J AU Grace, SL Hamrick, JL Platt, WJ AF Grace, SL Hamrick, JL Platt, WJ TI Estimation of seed dispersal in an old-growth population of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) using maternity exclusion analysis SO CASTANEA LA English DT Article ID WILD RADISH; GENE FLOW; CHAMAELIRIUM-LUTEUM; RAPHANUS-SATIVUS; PONDEROSA PINE; WHITE SPRUCE; PATERNITY; POLLEN; PARENTAGE AB In this study, we used multilocus allozyme markers and maternity exclusion analysis to estimate dispersal distances in an old-growth population of a wind-dispersed conifer, Pinus palustris. Of 2,618 seeds analyzed, 11.3% did not have maternal parents within 75 m, 7.8% had a single possible maternal parent, and 80.9% had more than one possible maternal parent within 75 m. Using a variety of methods, a consensus dispersal curve was obtained and can be described as a broad mono-modal curve with peak dispersal at a distance of 35-60 m from the parent. Total gene flow beyond 75 m was calculated to be 54%, suggesting that a substantial percentage of gametes dispersed beyond 75 m. Results indicate that seeds of longleaf pine have the potential to disperse greater distances than previously reported, which may explain, in part, the low levels of genetic structure in this old-growth population. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Bot, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Bot, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Genet, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Grace, SL (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fire Management Branch, 61389 Hwy 434, Lacombe, LA 70445 USA. EM sue_grace@fws.gov NR 42 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN BOTANICAL SOC, NEWBERRY COLL PI NEWBERRY PA DEPT BIOLOGY, C/O CHARLES N HORN, SECRETARY-TREASURER, 2100 COLLEGE ST, NEWBERRY, SC 29108 USA SN 0008-7475 J9 CASTANEA JI Castanea PD SEP PY 2004 VL 69 IS 3 BP 207 EP 215 DI 10.2179/0008-7475(2004)069<0207:EOSDIA>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 872KP UT WOS:000225206400004 ER PT J AU Kuffner, IB Paul, VJ AF Kuffner, IB Paul, VJ TI Effects of the benthic cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula on larval recruitment of the reef corals Acropora surculosa and Pocillopora damicornis SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article DE allelopathy; coral settlement; cyanobacteria; Guam; phase shifts ID SECONDARY METABOLITES; CHEMICAL DEFENSE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PHASE-SHIFTS; METAMORPHOSIS; MACROALGAE; SETTLEMENT; PATTERNS; GROWTH; GUAM/ C1 Univ Guam, Marine Lab, UOG Stn, Mangilao, GU 96923 USA. RP Kuffner, IB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM ikuffner@usgs.gov; paul@sms.si.edu RI Kuffner, Ilsa/A-6416-2008; OI Kuffner, Ilsa/0000-0001-8804-7847 NR 26 TC 48 Z9 54 U1 8 U2 39 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD SEP PY 2004 VL 23 IS 3 BP 455 EP 458 DI 10.1007/s00338-004-0416-8 PG 4 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 859FW UT WOS:000224249800019 ER PT J AU Jones, TA Nielson, DC Larson, SR Johnson, DA Monaco, TA Caicco, SL Ogle, DG Young, SA AF Jones, TA Nielson, DC Larson, SR Johnson, DA Monaco, TA Caicco, SL Ogle, DG Young, SA TI Registration of fish Creek bottlebrush squirreltail germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRITICEAE; TAXA C1 Utah State Univ, USDA, ARS, Logan, UT 84322 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Reno, NV 89502 USA. USDA, NRCS, Boise, ID 83709 USA. Utah State Univ, Utah Crop Improvement Assoc, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Jones, TA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA, ARS, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM tomjones@cc.usu.edu NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1879 EP 1880 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 850BP UT WOS:000223586200067 ER PT J AU Jones, TA Nielson, DC Larson, SR Johnson, DA Monaco, TA Caicco, SL Ogle, DG Young, SA Carlson, JR AF Jones, TA Nielson, DC Larson, SR Johnson, DA Monaco, TA Caicco, SL Ogle, DG Young, SA Carlson, JR TI Registration of Toe Jam Creek bottlebrush squirreltail germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRITICEAE C1 Utah State Univ, USDA, ARS, Logan, UT 84322 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Reno, NV 89502 USA. USDA, NRCS, Boise, ID 83709 USA. Utah State Univ, Utah Crop Improvement Assoc, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA, NRCS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Jones, TA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA, ARS, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM tomjones@cc.usu.edu NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1880 EP 1881 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 850BP UT WOS:000223586200068 ER PT J AU Underwood, EC Klinger, R Moore, PE AF Underwood, EC Klinger, R Moore, PE TI Predicting patterns of non-native plant invasions in Yosemite National Park, California, USA SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Article DE Biological invasions; GARP; invasive plants; non-native species; park management; plant community analysis; predictive modelling ID GENERALIZED ADDITIVE-MODELS; SPATIAL PREDICTION; NATURE-RESERVES; ALIEN PLANTS; ECOLOGY; DIVERSITY; NICHE; DISTRIBUTIONS; DISTURBANCE; SENSITIVITY AB One of the major issues confronting management of parks and reserves is the invasion of non-native plant species. Yosemite National Park is one of the largest and best-known parks in the United States, harbouring significant cultural and ecological resources. Effective management of non-natives would be greatly assisted by information on their potential distribution that can be generated by predictive modelling techniques. Our goal was to identify key environmental factors that were correlated with the percent cover of non-native species and then develop a predictive model using the Genetic Algorithm for Rule-set Production technique. We performed a series of analyses using community-level data on species composition in 236 plots located throughout the park. A total of 41 non-native species were recorded which occurred in 23.7% of the plots. Plots with non-natives occurred most frequently at low- to mid-elevations, in flat areas with other herbaceous species. Based on the community-level results, we selected elevation, slope, and vegetation structure as inputs into the GARP model to predict the environmental niche of non-native species. Verification of results was performed using plot data reserved from the model, which calculated the correct prediction of non-native species occurrence as 76%. The majority of the western, lower-elevation portion of the park was predicted to have relatively low levels of non-native species occurrence, with highest concentrations predicted at the west and south entrances and in the Yosemite Valley. Distribution maps of predicted occurrences will be used by management to: efficiently target monitoring of non-native species, prioritize control efforts according to the likelihood of non-native occurrences, and inform decisions relating to the management of non-native species in postfire environments. Our approach provides a valuable tool for assisting decision makers to better manage non-native species, which can be readily adapted to target non-native species in other locations. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sect Ecol & Evolut, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, El Portal, CA 95318 USA. RP Underwood, EC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM eunderwoodrussell@ucdavis.edu NR 60 TC 48 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 26 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1366-9516 J9 DIVERS DISTRIB JI Divers. Distrib. PD SEP-NOV PY 2004 VL 10 IS 5-6 BP 447 EP 459 DI 10.1111/j.1366-9516.2004.00093.x PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 852GU UT WOS:000223744500015 ER PT J AU Bailey, LL Kendall, WL Church, DR Wilbur, HM AF Bailey, LL Kendall, WL Church, DR Wilbur, HM TI Estimating survival and breeding probability for pond-breeding amphibians: A modified robust design SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ambystoma tigrinum; capture-recapture; detection probability; multistate models; pond-breeding amphibians; survival probability; temporary emigration; unobservable state ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; POPULATION PROJECTION MATRICES; ESTIMATE TEMPORARY EMIGRATION; LIFE-HISTORY; TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; TIGER SALAMANDER; HUSTING DILEMMA; MIGRATION; FLORIDA; RATES AB Many studies of pond-breeding amphibians involve sampling individuals during migration to and from breeding habitats. Interpreting population processes and dynamics from these studies is difficult because (1) only a proportion of the population is observable each season, while an unknown proportion remains unobservable (e.g., nonbreeding adults) and (2) not all observable animals are captured. Imperfect capture probability can be easily accommodated in capture-recapture models, but temporary transitions between observable and unobservable states, often referred to as temporary emigration, is known to cause problems in both open- and closed-population models. We develop a multistate mark-recapture (MSMR) model, using an open-robust design that permits one entry and one exit from the study area per season. Our method extends previous temporary emigration models (MSMR with an unobservable state) in two ways. First, we relax the assumption of demographic closure (no mortality) between consecutive (secondary) samples, allowing estimation of within-pond survival. Also, we add the flexibility to express survival probability of unobservable individuals (e.g., "non-breeders") as a function of the survival probability of observable animals while in the same, terrestrial habitat. This allows for potentially different annual survival probabilities for observable and unobservable animals. We apply our model to a relictual population of eastern tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum tigrinum). Despite small sample sizes, demographic parameters were estimated with reasonable precision. We tested several a priori biological hypotheses and found evidence for seasonal differences in pond survival. Our methods could be applied to a variety of pond-breeding species and other taxa where individuals are captured entering or exiting a common area (e.g., spawning or roosting area, hibernacula). C1 USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Bailey, LL (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM lbailey@usgs.gov RI Bailey, Larissa/A-2565-2009 NR 48 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 4 U2 34 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD SEP PY 2004 VL 85 IS 9 BP 2456 EP 2466 DI 10.1890/03-0539 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 860YE UT WOS:000224379600013 ER PT J AU Svenning, JC Kinner, DA Stallard, RF Engelbrecht, BMJ Wright, SJ AF Svenning, JC Kinner, DA Stallard, RF Engelbrecht, BMJ Wright, SJ TI Ecological determinism in plant community structure across a tropical forest landscape SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Barro Colorado Island; dispersal limitation; mesoscale plant distributions; niche differences; oligarchy hypothesis; partial RDA; plant community assembly; redundancy analysis; shade tolerance; spatial autocorrelation; tropical forest; variance decomposition ID BARRO COLORADO ISLAND; RAIN-FOREST; RECRUITMENT LIMITATION; NEOTROPICAL FOREST; MESOSCALE DISTRIBUTION; DEPENDENT RECRUITMENT; HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS; SCALE DISTRIBUTIONS; FLORISTIC PATTERNS; BETA-DIVERSITY AB The ecological mechanisms hypothesized to structure species-rich communities range from strict local determinism to neutral ecological drift. We assessed the degree of ecological determinism in tropical plant community structure by analyses of published demographic data; a broad range of spatial, historical, and environmental variables; and the distributions of 33 herbaceous species (plot size = 0.02 ha) and 61 woody species (plot size = 0.09 ha) among 350 plots in a 16-km(2) forest landscape (Barro Colorado Island, Panama). We found a strong degree of cross-landscape dominance by a subset of species whose identities were predictable from sapling survivorship rates under shade. Using canonical ordination we found that spatial and environmental-historical factors were of comparable importance for controlling within-landscape variability in species composition. Past land use had a strong impact on species composition despite ceasing 100-200 years ago. Furthermore, edaphic-hydrological factors, treefall gaps, and an edge effect all had unique impacts on species composition. Hence, ecological determinism was evident in terms of both cross-landscape dominance and within-landscape variability in species composition. However, at the latter scale, the large portion of the explained variance in species composition among plots uniquely attributed to spatial location pointed to an equally important role for neutral processes. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Aarhus Univ, Dept Systemat Bot, Herbarium, Bldg 137,Univ Pk, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. EM svenning@biology.au.dk RI Svenning, Jens-Christian/C-8977-2012; Engelbrecht, Bettina/E-9914-2012; Wright, Stuart/M-3311-2013; Stallard, Robert/H-2649-2013 OI Svenning, Jens-Christian/0000-0002-3415-0862; Wright, Stuart/0000-0003-4260-5676; Stallard, Robert/0000-0001-8209-7608 NR 65 TC 89 Z9 94 U1 3 U2 53 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD SEP PY 2004 VL 85 IS 9 BP 2526 EP 2538 DI 10.1890/03-0396 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 860YE UT WOS:000224379600019 ER PT J AU Douglas-Stroebel, E Hoffman, DJ Brewer, GL Sileo, L AF Douglas-Stroebel, E Hoffman, DJ Brewer, GL Sileo, L TI Effects of lead-contaminated sediment and nutrition on mallard duckling brain growth and biochemistry SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE mallard duckling; lead-contaminated sediment; brain growth; biochemistry; oxidative stress ID DALENE RIVER-BASIN; NORTHERN IDAHO; SMELTING COMPLEX; DIETARY CALCIUM; CANADA GEESE; TUNDRA SWANS; TOXICITY; GLUTATHIONE; ACCUMULATION; MEMBRANES AB Day-old mallard (Anas platyryhnchos) ducklings received either a clean sediment (24%) supplemented control diet, Coeur d'Alene River Basin, Idaho (CDARB) sediment (3449 mug/g lead) supplemented diets at 12% or 24%, or a positive control diet (24% clean sediment with equivalent lead acetate to the 24% CDARB diet) for 6 weeks. The 12% CDARB diet resulted in a geometric mean concentration of 396 ppb (WW) brain lead with decreased brain protein and ATP concentrations but increased oxidized glutathione (GSSG) relative to the control diet. The 24% CDARB diet resulted in a concentration of 485 ppb brain lead with lower brain weight and ATP concentration than controls but higher concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH) and calcium. Lead acetate accumulated twice as well as CDARB derived lead and resulted in histopathological lesions of the brain. With a combination of a suboptimal diet and 24% CDARB, brain lead concentration was higher (594 ppb) than with 24% CDARB in the standard diet, histopathological lesions became apparent and GSH was higher than suboptimal diet controls. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Frostburg State Univ, Dept Biol, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Natl Wildlife Hlth Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Hoffman, DJ (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, C-O Barc E,Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM david_hoffman@usgs.gov NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 131 IS 2 BP 215 EP 222 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2004.02.002 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 839XI UT WOS:000222817800005 PM 15234088 ER PT J AU Stewart, AR Luoma, SN Schlekat, CE Doblin, MA Hieb, KA AF Stewart, AR Luoma, SN Schlekat, CE Doblin, MA Hieb, KA TI Food web pathway determines how selenium affects aquatic ecosystems: A San Francisco Bay case study SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIVALVE POTAMOCORBULA-AMURENSIS; NITROGEN ISOTOPES; TROPHIC POSITION; JOAQUIN ESTUARY; STABLE ISOTOPES; CALIFORNIA; POPULATIONS; DELTA-N-15; DELTA-C-13; INVASION AB Chemical contaminants disrupt ecosystems, but specific effects may be under-appreciated when poorly known processes such as uptake mechanisms, uptake via diet, food preferences, and food web dynamics are influential. Here we show that a combination of food web structure and the physiology of trace element accumulation explain why some species in San Francisco Bay are threatened by a relatively low level of selenium contamination and some are not. Bivalves and crustacean zooplankton form the base of two dominant food webs in estuaries, The dominant bivalve Potamocorbula amurensis has a 10-fold slower rate constant of loss for selenium than do common crustaceans such as copepods and the mysid Neomysis mercedis (rate constant of loss, k(e) = 0.025, 0.155, and 0.25 d(-1), respectively). The result is much higher selenium concentrations in the bivalve than in the crustaceans. Stable isotope analyses show that this difference is propagated up the respective food webs in San Francisco Bay. Several predators of bivalves have tissue concentrations of selenium that exceed thresholds thought to be associated with teratogenesis or reproductive failure (liver Se > 15 mug g(-1) dry weight). Deformities typical of selenium-induced teratogenesis were observed in one of these species. Concentrations of selenium in tissues of predators of zooplankton are less than the thresholds. Basic physiological and ecological processes can drive wide differences in exposure and effects among species, but such processes are rarely considered in traditional evaluations of contaminant impacts. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Nickel Producers Environm Res Assoc, Durham, NC 27713 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Dept Ocean Earth & Atmospher Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Calif Dept Fish & Game, Cent Valley Bay Delta Branch, Stockton, CA 95205 USA. RP Stewart, AR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM arstewar@usgs.gov RI Schneider, Larissa/C-9863-2012; Doblin, Martina/E-8719-2013 OI Doblin, Martina/0000-0001-8750-3433 NR 50 TC 83 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 17 BP 4519 EP 4526 DI 10.1021/es0499647 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 851IN UT WOS:000223678900017 PM 15461158 ER PT J AU McLeod, PB Van Den Heuvel-Greve, MJ Allen-King, RM Luoma, SN Luthy, RG AF McLeod, PB Van Den Heuvel-Greve, MJ Allen-King, RM Luoma, SN Luthy, RG TI Effects of particulate carbonaceous matter on the bioavailability of benzo[a]pyrene and 2,2 ',5,5 '-tetrachlorobiphenyl to the clam, Macoma balthica SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; HYDROPHOBIC ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ASSIMILATION EFFICIENCIES; PAH SPECIATION; BLACK CARBON; IN-SITU; SEDIMENT; SORPTION AB We investigated the bioavailability via diet of spiked benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and 2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB-52) from different carbonaceous (non-carbonate, carbon containing) particle types to clams (Macoma balthica) collected from San Francisco Bay. Our results reveal significant differences in absorption efficiency between compounds and among carbonaceous particle types. Absorption efficiency for PCB-52 was always greater than that for BaP bound to a given particle type. Among particles, absorption efficiency was highest from wood and diatoms and lowest from activated carbon. Large differences in absorption efficiency could not be simply explained by comparatively small differences in the particles' total organic carbon content. BaP and PCB-52 bound to activated carbon exhibited less than 2% absorption efficiency and were up to 60 times less available to clams than the same contaminants associated with other types of carbonaceous matter. These results suggest that variations in the amount and type of sediment particulate carbonaceous matter, whether naturally occurring or added as an amendment, will have a strong influence on the bioavailability of hydrophobic organic contaminants. This has important implications for environmental risk assessment, sediment management, and development of novel remediation techniques. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Luthy, RG (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM luthy@stanford.edu NR 40 TC 61 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 17 BP 4549 EP 4556 DI 10.1021/es049893b PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 851IN UT WOS:000223678900021 PM 15461162 ER PT J AU Chun, Y Sheng, GY Chiou, CT Xing, BS AF Chun, Y Sheng, GY Chiou, CT Xing, BS TI Compositions and sorptive properties of crop residue-derived chars SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; IONIC ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ACTIVATED CARBONS; BLACK CARBON; SUBSTITUTED NITROBENZENES; PARTICULATE MATTER; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; HUMIC-ACID; ADSORPTION; SOILS AB Chars originating from the burning or pyrolysis of vegetation may significantly sorb neutral organic contaminants (NOCs). To evaluate the relationship between the char composition and NOC sorption, a series of char samples were generated by pyrolyzing a wheat residue (Triticum aestivum L.) for 6 h at temperatures between 300 degreesC and 700 degreesC and analyzed for their elemental compositions, surface areas, and surface functional groups. The samples were then studied for their abilities to sorb benzene and nitrobenzene from water. A commercial activated carbon was used as a reference carbonaceous sample. The char samples produced at high pyrolytic temperatures (500-700 degreesC) were well carbonized and exhibited a relatively high surface area (>300 m(2)/g), little organic matter (<3%), and low oxygen content (less than or equal to10%). By contrast, the chars formed at low temperatures (300-400 degreesC) were only partially carbonized, showing significantly different properties (<200 m(2)/g surface area, 40-50% organic carbon, and >20% oxygen). The char samples exhibited a significant range of surface acidity/basicity because of their different surface polar-group contents, as characterized by the Boehm titration data and the NMR and FIR spectra. The NOC sorption by high-temperature chars occurred almost exclusively by surface adsorption on carbonized surfaces, whereas the sorption by low-temperature chars resulted from the surface adsorption and the concurrent smaller partition into the residual organic-matter phase. The chars appeared to have a higher surface affinity for a polar solute (nitrobenzene) than for a nonpolar solute (benzene), the difference being related to the surface acidity/basicity of the char samples. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Nanjing Univ, Dept Chem, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Sheng, GY (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM gsheng@uark.edu RI Chiou, Cary/C-3203-2013 NR 55 TC 391 Z9 488 U1 31 U2 279 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 17 BP 4649 EP 4655 DI 10.1021/es035034w PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 851IN UT WOS:000223678900034 PM 15461175 ER PT J AU Ho, KT Burgess, RM Pelletier, MC Serbst, JR Cook, H Cantwell, MG Ryba, SA Perron, MM Lebo, J Huckins, J Petty, J AF Ho, KT Burgess, RM Pelletier, MC Serbst, JR Cook, H Cantwell, MG Ryba, SA Perron, MM Lebo, J Huckins, J Petty, J TI Use of powdered coconut charcoal as a toxicity identification and evaluation manipulation for organic toxicants in marine sediments SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE toxicity identification/evaluation; organic toxicants; coconut charcoal; sediments ID FRESH-WATER SEDIMENTS; ULVA-LACTUCA; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; AMMONIA TOXICITY; REMOVAL; METALS; BIOAVAILABILITY; CONTAMINATION; ZEOLITE; RESIN AB We report on a procedure using powdered coconut charcoal to sequester organic contaminants and reduce toxicity in sediments as part of a series of toxicity identification and evaluation (TIE) methods. Powdered coconut charcoal (PCC) was effective in reducing the toxicity of endosulfan-spiked sediments by 100%. Powdered coconut charcoal also was effective in removing almost 100% of the toxicity from two field sediments contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Powdered coconut charcoal did not change the toxicity of ammonia or metal-spiked sediments; however, there was some quantitative reduction in the concentrations of free metals (element specific) in metal-spiked sediments. Powdered coconut charcoal is an effective, relatively specific method to sequester and remove toxicity from sediments contaminated with organic contaminants. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. US Geol Survey, Midwest Sci Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Ho, KT (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM ho.kay@epa.gov NR 41 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 23 IS 9 BP 2124 EP 2131 DI 10.1897/03-407 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 845JV UT WOS:000223239600011 PM 15378988 ER PT J AU Spring, SE Miles, AK Anderson, MJ AF Spring, SE Miles, AK Anderson, MJ TI Effects of trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene on wild rodents at Edwards Air Force Base, California, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE trichloroethylene; perchloroethylene; kangaroo rats; soil gas; pathology ID DIPODOMYS-MERRIAMI; KANGAROO RATS; TRAP RESPONSE; SOIL; INHALATION; DESERT; AGILIS; MICE AB Effects of inhalation of volatilized trichloroethylene (TCE) or perchloroethylene (PCE) were assessed based on the health and population size of wild, burrowing mammals at Edwards Air Force Base (CA, USA). Organic soil-vapor concentrations were measured at three sites with aquifer contamination of TCE or PCE of 5.5 to 77 mg/L and at two uncontaminated reference sites. Population estimates of kangaroo rats (Dipodomys merriami and D. panamintinus) as well as hematology, blood chemistry, and histopathology of kangaroo rats and deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) were compared between contaminated and uncontaminated populations. Maximum soil-gas concentrations associated with groundwater contamination were less than 1.5 mul/L of TCE and 0.07 mul/L of PCE. Population estimates of kangaroo rats were similar at contaminated and reference sites. Hematology, blood chemistry, and histopathology of kangaroo rats and deer mice indicated no evidence of health effects caused by exposure. Trichloroethylene or PCE in groundwater and in related soil gas did not appear to reduce the size of small mammal populations or impair the health of individuals. C1 Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Calif Environm Protect Agcy, Dept Tox Subst Control, Sacramento, CA 95826 USA. RP Spring, SE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM sarah_spring@usgs.gov OI Spring, Sarah/0000-0003-1586-4875 NR 38 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 23 IS 9 BP 2162 EP 2169 DI 10.1897/03-477 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 845JV UT WOS:000223239600016 PM 15378993 ER PT J AU Fellers, GM McConnell, LL Pratt, D Datta, S AF Fellers, GM McConnell, LL Pratt, D Datta, S TI Pesticides in mountain yellow-legged frogs (Rana muscosa) from the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE pesticide; amphibian; Sierra Nevada Mountains; organophosphate; Rana muscosa ID AMPHIBIAN POPULATION DECLINES; MASS MORTALITY; UV-B; TADPOLES; FISH; CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS; HYPOTHESES; DEPOSITION; TOXAPHENE; CARBARYL AB In 1997, pesticide concentrations were measured in mountain yellow-legged frogs (Rana muscosa) from two areas in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California, USA. One area (Sixty Lakes Basin, Kings Canyon National Park) had large, apparently healthy populations of frogs. A second area (Tablelands, Sequoia National Park) once had large populations, but the species had been extirpated from this area by the early 1980s. The Tablelands is exposed directly to prevailing winds from agricultural regions to the west. When an experimental reintroduction of R. muscosa in 1994 to 1995 was deemed unsuccessful in 1997, the last 20 (reintroduced) frogs that could be found were collected from the Tablelands, and pesticide concentrations in both frog tissue and the water were measured at both the Tablelands and at reference sites at Sixty Lakes. In frog tissues, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) concentration was one to two orders of magnitude higher than the other organochlorines (46 +/- 20 ng/g wet wt at Tablelands and 17 +/- 8 Sixty Lakes). Both gamma-chlordane and traps-nonachlor were found in significantly greater concentrations in Tablelands frog tissues compared with Sixty Lakes. Organophosphate insecticides, chlorpyrifos, and diazinon were observed primarily in surface water with higher concentrations at the Tablelands sites. No contaminants were significantly higher in our Sixty Lakes samples. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Fellers, GM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Point Reyes Natl Seashore, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. EM gary_fellers@usgs.gov NR 43 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 3 U2 29 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 23 IS 9 BP 2170 EP 2177 DI 10.1897/03-491 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 845JV UT WOS:000223239600017 PM 15378994 ER PT J AU Cardenas, W Dankert, JR Jenkins, JA AF Cardenas, W Dankert, JR Jenkins, JA TI Flow cytometric analysis of crayfish haemocytes activated by lipopolysaccharides SO FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE crayfish; flow cytometry; haemocyte; innate immunity; lipopolysaccharide ID SHRIMP PENAEUS-MONODON; FRESH-WATER CRAYFISH; BACTERIAL-ENDOTOXIN; INNATE IMMUNITY; PROPHENOLOXIDASE; SYSTEM; EXOCYTOSIS; INVITRO; DEFENSE; PROTEIN AB Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria are strong stimulators of white river crayfish, Procambarus zonangulus, haemocytes in vitro. Following haemocyte treatment with LPS and with LPS from rough mutant R5 (LPS Rc) from Salmonella minnesota, flow cytometric analysis revealed a conspicuous and reproducible decrease in cell size as compared to control haemocytes. These LPS molecules also caused a reduction in haemocyte viability as assessed by flow cytometry with the fluorescent dyes calcein-AM and ethidium homodimer. The onset of cell size reduction was gradual and occurred prior to cell death. Haemocytes treated with LPS from S. minnesota without the Lipid A moiety (detoxified LPS) decreased in size without a reduction of viability. The action of LPS on crayfish haemocytes appeared to be related to the activation of the prophenoloxidase system because phenoloxidase (PO)-specific activity in the supernatants from control and detoxified LPS-treated cells was significantly lower than that from LPS and LPS-Re treated cells (P less than or equal to 0.05). Furthermore, addition of trypsin inhibitor to the LPS treatments caused noticeable delays in cell size and viability changes. These patterns of cellular activation by LPS formulations indicated that crayfish haemocytes react differently to the polysaccharide and lipid A moieties of LPS, where lipid A is cytotoxic and the polysaccharide portion is stimulatory. These effects concur with the general pattern of mammalian cell activation by LPS, thereby indicating common innate immune recognition mechanisms to bacterial antigens between cells from mammals and invertebrates. These definitive molecular approaches used to verify and identify mechanisms of invertebrate haemocyte responses to LPS could be applied with other glycoconjugates, soluble mediators, or xenobiotic compounds. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. Univ Louisiana, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. RP Jenkins, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM jill_jenkins@usgs.gov OI Cardenas, Washington/0000-0001-6829-1295 NR 44 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1050-4648 J9 FISH SHELLFISH IMMUN JI Fish Shellfish Immunol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 17 IS 3 BP 223 EP 233 DI 10.1016/j.fsi.2003.03.001 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 847GM UT WOS:000223380700004 PM 15276602 ER PT J AU Brannon, EL Amend, DF Cronin, MA Lannan, JE LaPatra, S McNeil, WJ Noble, RE Smith, CE Talbot, AJ Wedemeyer, GA Westers, H AF Brannon, EL Amend, DF Cronin, MA Lannan, JE LaPatra, S McNeil, WJ Noble, RE Smith, CE Talbot, AJ Wedemeyer, GA Westers, H TI The controversy about salmon hatcheries SO FISHERIES LA English DT Review ID WILD COHO SALMON; STEELHEAD ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; CHINOOK-SALMON; ATLANTIC SALMON; BROWN TROUT; AGONISTIC BEHAVIOR; PACIFIC SALMON; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; GENETIC-DIVERGENCE; BREEDING SUCCESS AB The use of hatcheries has been a subject of lengthy debate in the management of salmon and trout resources in the Pacific Northwest. The problem has resulted in part from the wide distribution of hatchery fish in circumstances where natural populations were disadvantaged by management policy involving hatchery fish and the confusion of the effects of management with the effects of artificial propagation. Recently, the controversy has been epitomized by the recommendations to fisheries management agencies that excess hatchery fish should not be allowed to spawn in the wild, and hatchery fish should be excluded from salmon populations listed under the Endangered Species Act. The authors of the present article disagree with those recommendations and conclude that hatchery fish have an important role in recovery and supplementation of wild stocks. The present article is an attempt to help give balance to the discussion by providing a different perspective on hatchery fish and the literature pertaining to artificial propagation. C1 Univ Idaho, Ctr Salmonid & Freshwater Species, Moscow, Russia. So SE Reg Aquaculture Assoc Inc, Ketchikan, AK USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Washington State Dept Fisheries, Olympia, WA USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman, MT USA. Columbia River Inter Tribal Fisheries Commiss, Portland, OR USA. NFRC, Seattle, WA USA. Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Lansing, MI USA. RP Brannon, EL (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Ctr Salmonid & Freshwater Species, Moscow, Russia. EM aqua@uidaho.edu NR 127 TC 78 Z9 80 U1 7 U2 39 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD SEP PY 2004 VL 29 IS 9 BP 12 EP 31 DI 10.1577/1548-8446(2004)29[12:TCASH]2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 850SH UT WOS:000223632200004 ER PT J AU Davis, JA Meece, DE Kohler, M Curtis, GP AF Davis, JA Meece, DE Kohler, M Curtis, GP TI Approaches to surface complexation modeling of uranium(VI) adsorption on aquifer sediments SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID OXIDE-WATER INTERFACE; MINERAL SURFACES; SORPTION COMPLEXES; IRON OXYHYDROXIDE; VARIABLE PH; GOETHITE; U(VI); TRANSPORT; MONTMORILLONITE; ASSEMBLAGES AB Uranium(VI) adsorption onto aquifer sediments was studied in batch experiments as a function of pH and U(VI) and dissolved carbonate concentrations in artificial groundwater solutions. The sediments were collected from an alluvial aquifer at a location upgradient of contamination from a former uranium mill operation at Naturita, Colorado (USA). The ranges of aqueous chemical conditions used in the U(VI) adsorption experiments (pH 6.9 to 7.9; U(VI) concentration 2.5 (.) 10(-8) to 1 (.) 10(-5) M; partial pressure of carbon dioxide gas 0.05 to 6.8%) were based on the spatial variation in chemical conditions observed in 1999-2000 in the Naturita alluvial aquifer. The major minerals in the sediments were quartz, feldspars, and calcite, with minor amounts of magnetite and clay minerals. Quartz grains commonly exhibited coatings that were greater than 10 nm in thickness and composed of an illite-smectite clay with occluded ferrihydrite and goethite nanoparticles. Chemical extractions of quartz grains removed from the sediments were used to estimate the masses of iron and aluminum present in the coatings. Various surface complexation modeling approaches were compared in terms of the ability to describe the U(VI) experimental data and the data requirements for model application to the sediments. Published models for U(VI) adsorption on reference minerals were applied to predict U(VI) adsorption based on assumptions about the sediment surface composition and physical properties (e.g., surface area and electrical double layer). Predictions from these models were highly variable, with results overpredicting or underpredicting the experimental data, depending on the assumptions used to apply the model. Although the models for reference minerals are supported by detailed experimental studies (and in ideal cases, surface spectroscopy), the results suggest that errors are caused in applying the models directly to the sediments by uncertain knowledge of: 1) the proportion and types of surface functional groups available for adsorption in the surface coatings; 2) the electric field at the mineral-water interface; and 3) surface reactions of major ions in the aqueous phase, such as Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3-, SO42-, H4SiO4, and organic 4 acids. In contrast, a semi-empirical surface complexation modeling approach can be used to describe the U(VI) experimental data more precisely as a function of aqueous chemical conditions. This approach is useful as a tool to describe the variation in U(VI) retardation as a function of chemical conditions in field-scale reactive transport simulations, and the approach can be used at other field sites. However, the semi-empirical approach is limited by the site-specific nature of the model parameters. Copyright (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Davis, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jadavis@usgs.gov NR 78 TC 182 Z9 190 U1 14 U2 90 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD SEP PY 2004 VL 68 IS 18 BP 3621 EP 3641 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2004.03.003 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 850SO UT WOS:000223632900001 ER PT J AU Kulp, TR Pratt, LM AF Kulp, TR Pratt, LM TI Speciation and weathering of selenium in Upper Cretaceous chalk and shale from South Dakota and Wyoming, USA SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-ABSORPTION-SPECTROMETRY; HYDRIDE GENERATION; ELEMENTAL SELENIUM; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; ORGANIC-MATTER; SOIL; REDUCTION; SULFATE; SELENATE; BACTERIA AB In geologic materials, petroleum, and the environment, selenium occurs in various oxidation states (VI, IV, 0, -II), mineralized forms, and organo-Se complexes. Each of these forms is characterized by specific chemical and biochemical properties that control the element's solubility, toxicity, and environmental behavior. The organic rich chalks and shales of the Upper Cretaceous Niobrara Formation and the Pierre Shale in South Dakota and Wyoming are bentoniferous stratigraphic intervals characterized by anomalously high concentrations of naturally occurring Se. Numerous environmental problems have been associated with Se derived from these geological units, including the development of seleniferous soils and vegetation that are toxic to livestock and the contamination of drinking water supplies by Se mobilized in groundwater. This study describes a sequential extraction protocol followed by speciation treatments and quantitative analysis by Hydride Generation-Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. This protocol was utilized to investigate the geochemical forms and the oxidation states in which Se occurs in these geologic units. Organic Se and di-selenide minerals are the predominant forms of Se present in the chalks, shales, and bentonites, but distinctive variations in these forms were observed between different sample types. Chalks contain significantly greater proportions of Se in the form of di-selenide minerals (including Se associated with pyrite) than the shales where base-soluble, humic, organo-Se complexes are more prevalent. A comparison between unweathered samples collected from lithologic drill cores and weathered samples collected from outcrop suggest that the humic, organic-Se compounds in shale are formed during oxidative weathering and that Se oxidized by weathering is more likely to be retained by shale than by chalk. Selenium enrichment in bentonites is inferred to result from secondary processes including the adsorption of Se mobilized by groundwater from surrounding organic rich sediments to clay mineral and iron hydroxide surfaces, as well as microbial reduction of Se within the bentonitic intervals. Distinct differences are inferred for the biogeochemical pathways that affected sedimentary Se sequestration during periods of chalk accumulation compared to shale deposition in the Cretaceous seaway. Mineralogy of sediment and the nature of the organic matter associated with each of these rock types have important implications for the environmental chemistry and release of Se to the environment during weathering. Copyright (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. C1 Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Biogeochem Labs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Kulp, TR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 480, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM trkulp@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 65 Z9 77 U1 4 U2 33 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD SEP PY 2004 VL 68 IS 18 BP 3687 EP 3701 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2004.03.008 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 850SO UT WOS:000223632900006 ER PT J AU Langenheim, VE Jachens, RC Morton, DM Kistler, RW Matti, JC AF Langenheim, VE Jachens, RC Morton, DM Kistler, RW Matti, JC TI Geophysical and isotopic mapping of preexisting crustal structures that influenced the location and development of the San Jacinto fault zone, southern California SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE gravity; magnetics; initial strontium data; fault evolution; crustal structure ID PENINSULAR RANGES BATHOLITH; GRAVITY-ANOMALIES; STRIKE-SLIP; ARC; HETEROGENEITY; EVOLUTION AB We examine the role of preexisting crustal structure within the Peninsular Ranges batholith on determining the location of the San Jacinto fault zone by analysis of geophysical anomalies and initial strontium ratio data. A 1000-km-long boundary within the Peninsular Ranges batholith, separating relatively mafic, dense, and magnetic rocks of the western Peninsular Ranges batholith from the more felsic, less dense, and weakly magnetic rocks of the eastern Peninsular Ranges batholith, strikes north-northwest toward the San Jacinto fault zone. Modeling of the gravity and magnetic field anomalies caused by this boundary, indicates that it extends to depths of at least 20 km. The anomalies do not cross the San Jacinto fault zone, but instead trend northwesterly and coincide with the fault zone. A 75-km-long gradient in initial strontium ratios (Sr-i) in the eastern Peninsular Ranges batholith coincides with the San Jacinto fault zone. Here rocks east of the fault are characterized by Sr-i greater than 0.706, indicating a source of largely continental crust, sedimentary materials, or different lithosphere. We argue that the physical property contrast produced by the Peninsular Ranges batholith boundary provided a mechanically favorable path for the San Jacinto fault zone, bypassing the San Gorgonio structural knot as slip was transferred from the San Andreas fault 1.0-1.5 Ma. Two historical M6.7 earthquakes may have nucleated along the Peninsular Ranges batholith discontinuity in San Jacinto Valley, suggesting that Peninsular Ranges batholith crustal structure may continue to affect how strain is accommodated along the San Jacinto fault zone. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, US Geol Survey, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Langenheim, VE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM zulanger@usgs.gov; jachens@usgs.gov; scamp@usgs.gov; rkistler@usgs.gov; jmatti@usgs.gov NR 67 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD, STE 960-S, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 116 IS 9-10 BP 1143 EP 1157 DI 10.1130/B25277.1 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 851TW UT WOS:000223709600008 ER PT J AU Shearer, PM Earle, PS AF Shearer, PM Earle, PS TI The global short-period wavefield modelled with a Monte Carlo seismic phonon method SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE scattering; seismic coda; seismic wave propagation ID ENERGY-FLUX MODEL; DEPTH-DEPENDENT SCATTERING; SCALE MANTLE HETEROGENEITY; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; S-WAVE; P-WAVE; INTRINSIC ATTENUATION; SEISMOGRAM ENVELOPES; LOCAL EARTHQUAKES; ELASTIC-WAVES AB At high frequencies (similar to1 Hz), much of the seismic energy arriving at teleseismic distances is not found in the main phases (e.g. P, PP, S, etc.) but is contained in the extended coda that follows these arrivals. This coda results from scattering off small-scale velocity and density perturbations within the crust and mantle and contains valuable information regarding the depth dependence and strength of this heterogeneity as well as the relative importance of intrinsic versus scattering attenuation. Most analyses of seismic coda to date have concentrated on S-wave coda generated from lithospheric scattering for events recorded at local and regional distances. Here, we examine the globally averaged vertical-component, 1-Hz wavefield (>10degrees range) for earthquakes recorded in the IRIS FARM archive from 1990 to 1999. We apply an envelope-function stacking technique to image the average time-distance behavior of the wavefield for both shallow (less than or equal to50 km) and deep (greater than or equal to500 km) earthquakes. Unlike regional records, our images are dominated by P and P coda owing to the large effect of attenuation on PP and S at high frequencies. Modelling our results is complicated by the need to include a variety of ray paths, the likely contributions of multiple scattering and the possible importance of P-to-S and S-to-P scattering. We adopt a stochastic, particle-based approach in which millions of seismic phonons are randomly sprayed from the source and tracked through the Earth. Each phonon represents an energy packet that travels along the appropriate ray path until it is affected by a discontinuity or a scatterer. Discontinuities are modelled by treating the energy normalized reflection and transmission coefficients as probabilities. Scattering probabilities and scattering angles are computed in a similar fashion, assuming random velocity and density perturbations characterized by an exponential autocorrelation function. Intrinsic attenuation is included by reducing the energy contained in each particle as an appropriate function of traveltime. We find that most scattering occurs in the lithosphere and upper mantle, as previous results have indicated, but that some lower-mantle scattering is likely also required. A model with 3 to 4 per cent rms velocity heterogeneity at 4-km scale length in the upper mantle and 0.5 per cent rms velocity heterogeneity at 8-km scale length in the lower mantle (with intrinsic attenuation of Q(alpha)= 450 above 200 km depth and Q(alpha)= 2500 below 200 km) provides a reasonable fit to both the shallow- and deep-earthquake observations, although many trade-offs exist between the scale length, depth extent and strength of the heterogeneity. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Shearer, PM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM pshearer@ucsd.edu; pearle@usgs.gov RI Shearer, Peter/K-5247-2012 OI Shearer, Peter/0000-0002-2992-7630 NR 37 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 158 IS 3 BP 1103 EP 1117 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02378.x PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 848LY UT WOS:000223470400025 ER PT J AU Fitterman, DV Yin, CC AF Fitterman, DV Yin, CC TI Effect of bird maneuver on frequency-domain helicopter EM response SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC SYSTEM; RESISTIVITY; PERMITTIVITY AB Bird maneuver, the rotation of the coil-carrying instrument pod used for frequency-domain helicopter electromagnetic surveys, changes the nominal geometric relationsbip between the bird-coil system and the ground. These changes affect electromagnetic coupling and can introduce errors in helicopter electromagnetic (HEM) data. We analyze these effects for a layered half-space for three coil configurations: vertical coaxial, vertical coplanar, and horizontal coplanar. Maneuver effect is shown to have two components: one that is purely geometric and another that is inductive in nature. The geometric component is significantly larger. A correction procedure is developed using an iterative approach that uses standard HEM inversion routines. The maneuver effect correction reduces inversion misfit error and produces laterally smoother cross sections than obtained from uncorrected data. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Fugro Airborne Surveys, Mississauga, ON L5N 6A6, Canada. RP Fitterman, DV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS964, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM fitter@usgs.gov; cyin@fugroairborne.com NR 14 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 BP 1203 EP 1215 DI 10.1190/1.1801937 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 861XC UT WOS:000224450900007 ER PT J AU Finch, WI AF Finch, WI TI Adding nuclear to the mix SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Letter C1 USGS, Denver, CO USA. RP Finch, WI (reprint author), USGS, Denver, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 USA SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD SEP PY 2004 VL 49 IS 9 BP 6 EP 6 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 853CA UT WOS:000223802600006 ER PT J AU Goldberg, CS Sullivan, BK Malone, JH Schwalbe, CR AF Goldberg, CS Sullivan, BK Malone, JH Schwalbe, CR TI Divergence among barking frogs (Eleutherodactylus augusti) in the southwestern United States SO HERPETOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE advertisement call; Anura; Leptodactylidae; mitochondrial DNA; phylogeography ID MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME; DNA; SEQUENCE AB Barking frogs (Eleutherodactylus augusti) are distributed from southern Mexico along the Sierra Madre Occidental into Arizona and the Sierra Madre Oriental into Texas and New Mexico. Barking frogs in Arizona and most of Texas live in rocky areas in oak woodland, while those in New Mexico and far western Texas live in rodent borrows in desertscrub. Bat-king frogs in each of the three states have distinct coloration and differ in Sexually dimorphic characters, female vocalization, and skin toxicity. We analyzed advertisement call variation and conducted a phylogenic analysis using mitochondrial DNA sequences (ND2 and tRNA regions) for barking frogs from these three states. Advertisement calls of frogs front Arizona were significantly longer in duration, higher in frequency, and had longer duration) pulses than those of frogs front either Ne Mexico or Texas; frogs from these latter two sites were indistinguishable in these call variables. Phylogenetic analysis showed deep divisions among barking frogs from the three states. Differences in call structure, coloration, and mitochondrial DNA sequences strongly suggest that barking frogs in Arizona are reproductively isolated from those in New Mexico and Texas. Our results indicate that either northern populations are connected via gene flow through southern Mexico (i.e., they are subspecies as currently recognized), or represent independent lineages as originally described (i.e., western barking frogs, E. cactorum in AZ, and the eastern barking frogs, E. latrans in NM, TX). C1 Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Arizona State Univ W, Dept Life Sci, Phoenix, AZ 85069 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Biol, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. Univ Arizona, Sonoran Desert Field Stn, USGS Western Ecol Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Sullivan, BK (reprint author), Univ Arizona, 125 Biosci E, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM bsullivan@asu.edu RI Goldberg, Caren/B-4075-2015 NR 45 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU HERPETOLOGISTS LEAGUE PI EMPORIA PA EMPORIA STATE UNIV, DIVISION BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 1200 COMMERCIAL ST, EMPORIA, KS 66801-5087 USA SN 0018-0831 J9 HERPETOLOGICA JI Herpetologica PD SEP PY 2004 VL 60 IS 3 BP 312 EP 320 DI 10.1655/03-81 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 852AV UT WOS:000223728500004 ER PT J AU Bernot, RJ Dodds, WK Quist, MC Guy, CS AF Bernot, RJ Dodds, WK Quist, MC Guy, CS TI Spatial and temporal variability of zooplankton in a great plains reservoir SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Daphnia; diel vertical migration; reservoir; Rotifera ID PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTIONS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; MULTIPLE PREDATORS; SUSPENDED CLAY; CHLOROPHYLL-A; DAPHNIA; TURBIDITY; DYNAMICS; HABITAT; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Seasonal and daily patterns of zooplankton populations are often predictable in natural lakes. Distinct zonation and geomorphic differences in reservoirs, however, make ecological extrapolations from lakes to reservoirs uncertain. We describe the spatial and temporal distribution of zooplankton, algae, and water clarity across reservoir zones and along a depth gradient in Glen Elder Reservoir, Kansas. Daphnia species were most abundant in the lacustrine zone, with D. pulicaria numerically dominant in early spring and D. mendotae dominant later in 1999 and 2000. Rotifers (Keratella quadrata, Asplanchna spp.) were dominant in the riverine zone in 1999, 2000, and 2001. Algal biomass was not significantly different between zones through most of the sampling periods, except late April in 1999 and mid-April in 2000. Chlorophyll a exceeded 81 mug l(-1) in the lacustrine zone in mid- to late-April in 1999 and 2000, and exceeded 90 mug l(-1) in the riverine zone in mid- April. Water clarity was significantly lower in the riverine zone in 1999 and 2000. Most zooplankton taxa had similar depth distributions at night and day, indicating a lack of diel vertical migration behavior on a large scale. However, in small scale (30 cm vertical enclosures) laboratory experiments, both D. pulicaria and D. mendotae occupied significantly deeper depths (>25 cm) under lighted conditions in the presence of fish chemical cues compared to shallow water (7-17 cm) under dark conditions and in the absence of fish cues. These contrasting results suggest that, as in other studies, Daphnia sense cues from predators and alter their depth in the water column on small scales without natural constraints on movement and choices. However, other factors in the reservoir such as wind-generated water movements and cues from other predators may prevent depth choices similar to those seen under controlled conditions. These results illustrate biotic and abiotic differences between riverine and lacustrine zones in a large reservoir, and contrast with Daphnia depth segregation and migration patterns in natural lakes. C1 Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Galvin Life Sci Ctr 107, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Biol Bioresources Div, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit,Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Bernot, RJ (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM bernot.1@nd.edu NR 52 TC 17 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 20 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD SEP PY 2004 VL 525 IS 1-3 BP 101 EP 112 DI 10.1023/B:HYDR.0000038857.19342.fd PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 848RB UT WOS:000223483700002 ER PT J AU Smoak, JM Swarzenski, PW AF Smoak, JM Swarzenski, PW TI Recent increases in sediment and nutrient accumulation in Bear Lake, Utah/Idaho, USA SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE paleolimnology; sediments; Pb-210 dating; geochemistry; Utah; Idaho ID CARBON; WATER AB This study examines historical changes in sediment and nutrient accumulation rates in Bear Lake along the northeastern Utah/Idaho border, USA. Two sediment cores were dated by measuring excess Pb-210 activities and applying the constant rate of supply (CRS) dating model. Historical rates of bulk sediment accumulation were calculated based on the ages within the sediment cores. Bulk sediment accumulation rates increased throughout the last 100 years. According to the CRS model, bulk sediment accumulation rates were <25 mg cm(-2) year(-1) prior to 1935. Between 1935 and 1980, bulk sediment accumulation rates increased to approximately 40 mg cm(-2) year(-1). This increase in sediment accumulation probably resulted from the re-connection of Bear River to Bear Lake. Bulk sediment accumulation rates accelerated again after 1980. Accumulation rates of total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), total inorganic carbon (TIC), and total organic carbon (TOC) were calculated by multiplying bulk sediment accumulation rates times the concentrations of these nutrients in the sediment. Accumulation rates of TP, TN, TIC, and TOC increased as a consequence of increased bulk sediment accumulation rates after the re-connection of Bear River with Bear Lake. C1 Univ S Florida, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Smoak, JM (reprint author), Univ S Florida, 140 7th Ave S,Davis Hall 258, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM smoak@stpt.usf.edu RI Smoak, Donny/E-2140-2012; OI Smoak, Joseph/0000-0002-4322-4042 NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 10 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD SEP PY 2004 VL 525 IS 1-3 BP 175 EP 184 DI 10.1023/B:HYDR.0000038865.16732.09 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 848RB UT WOS:000223483700009 ER PT J AU Anderson, RC Dohm, JM Haldemann, AFC Hare, TM Baker, VR AF Anderson, RC Dohm, JM Haldemann, AFC Hare, TM Baker, VR TI Tectonic histories between Alba Patera and Syria Planum, Mars SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars; surface; tectonics; volcanism; geological processes; coronae; Venus; mantle plume ID NORTHERN PLAINS; PROVINCE; SYSTEMS; OCEANS AB Syria Planum and Alba Patera are two of the most prominent features of magmatic-driven activity identified for the Tharsis region and perhaps for all of Mars. In this study, we have performed a Geographic Information System-based comparative investigation of their tectonic histories using published geologic map information and Mars Orbiter Laser Altimetry (MOLA) data. Our primary objective is to assess their evolutional histories by focusing on their extent of deformation in space and time through stratigraphic, paleotectonic, topographic, and geomorphologic analyses. Though there are similarities among the two prominent features, there are several distinct differences, including timing deformational extent, and tectonic intensity of formation. Whereas Alba Patera displays a major pulse of activity during the Late Hesperian/Early Amazonian, Syria Planum is a long-lived center that displays a more uniform distribution of simple graben densities ranging from the Noachian to the Amazonian, many of which occur at greater distances away from the primary center of activity. The histories of the two features presented here are representative of the complex, long-lived evolutional history of Tharsis. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Anderson, RC (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM robert.c.anderson@jpl.nasa.gov RI Dohm, James/A-3831-2014; OI Hare, Trent/0000-0001-8842-389X NR 23 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD SEP PY 2004 VL 171 IS 1 BP 31 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.04.018 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 847PK UT WOS:000223407200003 ER PT J AU Mahaney, WC Milner, MW Netoff, DI Malloch, D Dohm, JM Baker, VR Miyamoto, H Hare, TM Komatsu, G AF Mahaney, WC Milner, MW Netoff, DI Malloch, D Dohm, JM Baker, VR Miyamoto, H Hare, TM Komatsu, G TI Ancient wet aeolian environments on Earth: clues to presence of fossil/live microorganisms on Mars SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE extraterrestrial life; entombed microorganisms on sand clasts; pipe-like structures on Mars and Earth ID DEFORMATION STRUCTURES; CYLINDRICAL STRUCTURES; SOUTHEASTERN UTAH; NORTHERN PLAINS; MAGNITUDE; OCEANS; SCALE; PIPES; SAND; FLOW AB Ancient wet aeolian (wet-sabkha) environments on Earth, represented in the Entrada and Navajo sandstones of Utah, contain pipe structures considered to be the product of gas/water release under pressure. The sediments originally had considerable porosity allowing the ingress of living plant structures, microorganisms, clay minerals, and fine-grained primary minerals of silt and sand size from the surface downward in the sedimentary column. Host rock material is of a similar size and porosity and presumably the downward migration of fine-grained material would have been possible prior to lithogenesis and final cementation. Recent field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and EDS (energy-dispersive spectrometry) examination of sands from fluidized pipes in the Early Jurassic Navajo Sandstone reveal the presence of fossil forms resembling fungal filaments, some bearing hyphopodium-like structures similar to those produced by modern tropical leaf parasites. The tropical origin of the fungi is consistent with the paleogeography of the sandstone, which was deposited in a tropical and environment. These fossil fungi are silicized, with minor amounts of CaCO3 and Fe, and in some cases a Si/Al ratio similar to smectite. They exist as pseudomorphs, totally depleted in nitrogen, adhering to the surfaces of fine-grained sands, principally quartz and orthoclase. Similar wet aeolian paleoenvironments are suspected for Mars, especially following catastrophic sediment-charged floods of enormous magnitudes that are believed to have contributed to rapid formation of large water bodies in the northern plains, ranging from lakes to oceans. These events are suspected to have contributed to a high frequency of constructional landforms (also known as pseudocraters) related to trapped volatiles and water-enriched sediment underneath a thick blanket of materials that were subsequently released to the martian surface, forming piping structures at the near surface and constructional landforms at the surface. This constructional process on Mars may help unravel the complex history of some of the piping structures observed on Earth; on Earth, evidence for the constructional landforms has been all but erased and the near-surface piping structures exposed through millions of years of differential erosion and topographic inversion now occur as high-standing promontories. If the features on both Earth and Mars formed by similar processes, especially involving water and other volatiles, and since the piping structures of Earth provided suitable environments for life to thrive in, the martian features in the northern plains should be considered as prime targets for physico/mineral/chemical/microbiological analyses once the astrobiological exploration of the red planet begins in earnest. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 York Univ, Geomorphol & Pedol Lab, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. Sam Houston State Univ, Dept Geog & Geol, Huntsville, TX 77341 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Bot, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Geosyst Engn, Tokyo, Japan. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ G DAnnunzio, Int Res Sch Planetary Sci, I-65127 Pescara, Italy. RP Mahaney, WC (reprint author), York Univ, Geomorphol & Pedol Lab, 4700 Keele St, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. EM bmahaney@yorku.ca RI Miyamoto, Hideaki/B-9666-2008; Miyamoto, Hideaki/E-3381-2012; Dohm, James/A-3831-2014; Komatsu, Goro/I-7822-2012; OI Komatsu, Goro/0000-0003-4155-108X; Hare, Trent/0000-0001-8842-389X NR 73 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD SEP PY 2004 VL 171 IS 1 BP 39 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.04.014 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 847PK UT WOS:000223407200004 ER PT J AU Burr, DM Carling, PA Beyer, RA Lancaster, N AF Burr, DM Carling, PA Beyer, RA Lancaster, N TI Flood-formed dunes in Athabasca Valles, Mars: morphology, modeling, and implications SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars; surface; geological processes; surfaces; planets; terrestrial planets ID SOLID WAVY WALL; CERBERUS FOSSAE; TURBULENT-FLOW; ORBITER CAMERA; GRAVEL DUNES; BED FORMS; WATER; SEDIMENT; DYNAMICS; SAND AB Estimates of discharge for martian outflow channels have spanned orders of magnitude due in part to uncertainties in floodwater height. A methodology of estimating discharge based on bedforms would reduce some of this uncertainty. Such a methodology based on the morphology and granulometry of flood-formed ('diluvial') dunes has been developed by Carling (1996b, in: Branson, J., Brown, A.G., Gregory, K.J. (Eds.), Global Continental Changes: The Context of Palaeohydrology. Geological Society Special Publication No. 115, London, UK, 165-179) and applied to Pleistocene flood-formed dunes in Siberia. Transverse periodic dune-like bedforms in Athabasca Valles, Mars, have previously been classified both as flood-formed dunes and as antidunes. Either interpretation is important, as they both imply substantial quantities of water, but each has different hydraulic implications. We undertook photoclinometric measurements of these forms, and compared them with data from flood-formed dunes in Siberia. Our analysis of those data shows their morphology to be more consistent with dunes than antidunes, thus providing the first documentation of flood-formed dunes on Mars. Other reasoning based on context and likely hydraulics also supports the bedforms' classification as dunes. Evidence does not support the dunes being aeolian, although a conclusive determination cannot be made with present data. Given the preponderance of evidence that the features are flood-formed instead of aeolian, we applied Carling's (1996b, in: Branson, J., Brown, A.G., Gregory, K.J. (Eds.), Global Continental Changes: The Context of Palaeohydrology. Geological Society Special Publication No. 115, London, UK, 165-179) dune-flow model to derive the peak discharge of the flood flow that formed them. The resultant estimate is approximately 2 x 10(6) m(3)/s, similar to previous estimates. The size of the Athabascan dunes' in comparison with that of terrestrial dunes suggests that these martian dunes took at least 1-2 days to grow. Their flattened morphology implies that they were formed at high subcritical flow and that the flood flow that formed them receded very quickly. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USGS, Astrogeol Branch, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Southampton, Sch Geog, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Burr, DM (reprint author), USGS, Astrogeol Branch, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM dmburr@usgs.gov OI Beyer, Ross/0000-0003-4503-3335 NR 88 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD SEP PY 2004 VL 171 IS 1 BP 68 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.04.013 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 847PK UT WOS:000223407200006 ER PT J AU Mencher, JS Smith, SR Powell, TD Stinchcomb, DT Osorio, JE Rocke, TE AF Mencher, JS Smith, SR Powell, TD Stinchcomb, DT Osorio, JE Rocke, TE TI Protection of black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) against plague after voluntary consumption of baits containing recombinant raccoon poxvirus vaccine SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID RABIES VIRUS GLYCOPROTEIN; DYNAMICS; COMPLEX AB Prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.) are highly susceptible to Yersinia pestis and significant reservoirs of plague for humans in the western United States. A recombinant raccoon poxvirus, expressing the F1 antigen of Y pestis, was incorporated into a palatable bait and offered to 18 black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) for voluntary consumption; 18 negative control animals received placebo baits. Antibody titers against Y. pestis F1 antigen increased significantly (P < 0.01) in vaccinees, and their survival was significantly higher upon challenge with Y. pestis than that of negative controls (P < 0.01). C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. Univ Washington, Wildlife Sci Grp, Seattle, WA USA. Heska Corp, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Rocke, TE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM Tonie_Rocke@usgs.gov OI Stinchcomb, Dan/0000-0002-3634-7503; Rocke, Tonie/0000-0003-3933-1563 NR 22 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 72 IS 9 BP 5502 EP 5505 DI 10.1128/IAI.72.9.5502-5505.2004 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 849ZM UT WOS:000223580400071 PM 15322054 ER PT J AU Freeman, DC Brown, ML Duda, JJ Graham, JH Emlen, JM Krzysik, AJ Balbach, HE Kovacic, DA Zak, JC AF Freeman, DC Brown, ML Duda, JJ Graham, JH Emlen, JM Krzysik, AJ Balbach, HE Kovacic, DA Zak, JC TI Photosynthesis and fluctuating asymmetry as indicators of plant response to soil disturbance in the fall-line sandhills of Georgia: A case study using Rhus copallinum and Ipomoea pandurata SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE photosynthesis; fluctuating asymmetry; developmental instability; fire; transpiration; stomatal conductance ID DEVELOPMENTAL INSTABILITY; LEAF NITROGEN; LEAVES; TRANSPIRATION; RESISTANCE; STRESS; CARBON; LIGHT; CONDUCTANCE; CAPACITY AB We examined net photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance, and leaf fluctuating asymmetry on two species (Rhus copallinum and Ipomoea pandurata) as indicators of stress at nine sites across a gradient of soil disturbance at Fort Benning, Georgia. There were three sites for each of three disturbance levels. Physical habitat disturbance was caused by activities associated with infantry training, including mechanized elements (tanks and personnel carriers) and foot soldiers. In addition, we examined the influence of prescribed burns and microhabitat effects (within meter-square quadrats centered about the plant) on these measures of plant stress. Net photosynthesis declined with increasing disturbance in the absence of burning for both species. However, when sites were burned the previous year, net photosynthesis increased with increasing disturbance. Developmental instability in Rhus, as measured by fluctuating asymmetry, also declined with increasing disturbance in the absence of burning but increased with disturbance if sites were burned the previous year. Developmental instability was much less sensitive to burning in Ipomoea and in general was lowest at intermediate disturbance sites. Microenvironmental and microhabitat effects were weakly correlated with measures of plant stress when all sites were combined. However, higher correlations were obtained within site categories, especially when the recent history of prescribed burning was used as a category. Finally, using all of the combined data in a discriminant function analysis allowed us to correctly predict the disturbance level of more than 80% of the plants. Plant stress is responsive to both large-scale perturbations, such as burning, and microhabitat parameters. Because of this, it is important to include macro- and microhabitat parameters when assessing stress. Similarly, we found a combination of developmental and physiological indicators of stress was superior to using them separately. C1 Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Berry Coll, Dept Biol, Mt Berry, GA 30149 USA. Prescott Coll, Inst Ecol Res, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA. USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Landscape Architecture, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Freeman, DC (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, 5047 Gullen Mall No 1360, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. EM cfreeman@sun.science.wayne.edu RI Duda, Jeffrey/A-7132-2009 OI Duda, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7431-8634 NR 36 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 165 IS 5 BP 805 EP 816 DI 10.1086/421478 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 878DX UT WOS:000225627800012 ER PT J AU MacKenzie, DI Bailey, LL AF MacKenzie, DI Bailey, LL TI Assessing the fit of site-occupancy models SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE goodness-of-fit; model fit; patch occupancy; Plethodon glutinosus; Plethodon oconluftee ID PLETHODONTID SALAMANDERS; METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; DEMOGRAPHIC-MODELS; PROBABILITY; POPULATIONS AB Few species are likely to be so evident that they will always be detected at a site when present. Recently a model has been developed that enables estimation of the proportion of area occupied, when the target species is not detected with certainty. Here we apply this modeling approach to data collected on terrestrial salamanders in the Plethodon glutinosus complex in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA, and wish to address the question "how accurately does the fitted model represent the data?" The goodness-of-fit of the model needs to be assessed in order to make accurate inferences. This article presents a method where a simple Pearson chi-square statistic is calculated and a parametric bootstrap procedure is used to determine whether the observed statistic is unusually large. We found evidence that the most global model considered provides a poor fit to the data, hence estimated an overdispersion factor to adjust model selection procedures and inflate standard errors. Two hypothetical datasets with known assumption violations are also analyzed, illustrating that the method may be used to guide researchers to making appropriate inferences. The results of a simulation study are presented to provide a broader view of the methods properties. C1 Proteus Wildlife Res Consultants, Dunedin, New Zealand. N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP MacKenzie, DI (reprint author), Proteus Wildlife Res Consultants, POB 5193, Dunedin, New Zealand. EM Darryl@proteus.co.nz RI Bailey, Larissa/A-2565-2009 NR 25 TC 208 Z9 211 U1 7 U2 69 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC & INTERNATIONAL BIOMETRIC SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 I ST NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 1085-7117 J9 J AGR BIOL ENVIR ST JI J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 9 IS 3 BP 300 EP 318 DI 10.1198/108571104X3361 PG 19 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 856HN UT WOS:000224036400004 ER PT J AU Idowu, OR Kijak, PJ Meinertz, JR Schmidt, LJ AF Idowu, OR Kijak, PJ Meinertz, JR Schmidt, LJ TI Development and validation of a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry procedure for confirmation of para-toluenesulfonamide in edible fish fillet tissue SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB Chloramine-T is a disinfectant being developed as a treatment for bacterial gill disease in cultured fish. As part of the drug approval process, a method is required for the confirmation of chloramine-T residues in edible fish tissue. The marker residue that will be used to determine the depletion of chloramine-T residues from the edible tissue of treated fish is para-toluenesulfonamide (p-TSA), a metabolite of chloramine-T. The development and validation of a procedure for the confirmation of p-TSA is described. Homogenized fish tissue is dried by mixing with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the mixture is extracted with methylene chloride. The extract is passed through a silica gel solid-phase extraction column, from which p-TSA is subsequently eluted with acetonitrile. The acetonitrile extract is evaporated, and the oily residue is dissolved in hexane. The hexane solution is shaken with fresh acetonitrile. The acetonitrile solution is evaporated and the residue is redissolved in dilute potassium hydroxide solution. The aqueous solution is extracted with methylene chloride to further remove more of the fat co-extractive. The aqueous solution is reacted with pentafluorobenzyl bromide in presence of tetrabutylammonium hydrogensulfate. The resulting di-(pentafluorobenzyl) derivative of p-TSA is analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. This method permits the confirmation of p-TSA in edible fish tissue at 20 ppb. C1 US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Idowu, OR (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, 8401 Muirkirk Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM oidowu@cvm.fda.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 87 IS 5 BP 1098 EP 1108 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 853YO UT WOS:000223867100011 PM 15493666 ER PT J AU Capps, T Mukhi, S Rinchard, JJ Theodorakis, CW Blazer, VS Patino, R AF Capps, T Mukhi, S Rinchard, JJ Theodorakis, CW Blazer, VS Patino, R TI Exposure to perchlorate induces the formation of macrophage aggregates in the trunk kidney of zebrafish and mosquitofish SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTALLY RELEVANT CONCENTRATIONS; GOLDFISH CARASSIUS-AURATUS; AMMONIUM-PERCHLORATE; THYROID-HORMONE; DRINKING-WATER; MELANOMACROPHAGE CENTERS; THYROTROPIN RECEPTOR; XENOPUS-LAEVIS; EXPRESSION; TOXICITY AB Environmental contamination of ground and surface waters by perchlorate, derived from ammonium Perchlorate (AP) and other perchlorate salts, is of increasing concern. Exposure to perchlorate can impair the thyroid endocrine system, which is thought to modulate renal and immune function in vertebrates. This study with zebrafish Danio rerio and eastern mosquitofish Gambusia holbrooki examined the histological effects of Perchlorate oil the trunk kidney, which in teleosts serves excretory and hemopoietic functions and therefore may be a target of perchlorate effects. Adult zebrafish of both sexes were exposed in the laboratory to waterborne, AP-derived perchlorate at measured concentrations of 18 mg/L for 8 weeks. Adult male mosquitofish were exposed to waterborne sodium perchlorate at measured Perchlorate concentrations of 1-92 mg/L for 8 weeks. Control fish were kept in untreated water. The region of the body cavity containing the trunk kidney was processed from each fish for histological analysis. Macrophage aggregates (MAs), possible markers of contaminant exposure or immunotoxic effect, were present in the hemopoietic region of the kidney in both species exposed to perchlorate. The estimated percent area of kidney sections occupied by MAs was greater in zebrafish exposed to perchlorate at 18 mg/L (P < 0.05) than in controls. In male mosquitofish, the incidence of renal MAs increased proportionally with sodium perchlorate concentration and was significantly different from that of controls at 92 mg/L (P < 0.05). These observations confirm that in fish the kidney is affected by exposure to perchlorate. The concentrations of Perchlorate at which the effects were noted are relatively hi-h but within the range reported in some contaminated habitats. C1 US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Environm Toxicol, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Lab, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Fisheries Management & Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Patino, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM reynaldo.patino@ttu.edu NR 44 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 EI 1548-8667 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD SEP PY 2004 VL 16 IS 3 BP 145 EP 151 DI 10.1577/H04-019.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 860FL UT WOS:000224327800005 ER PT J AU Halpenny, CM Kocan, M Hershberger, PK AF Halpenny, CM Kocan, M Hershberger, PK TI Prevalence of the parasitic copepod Haemobaphes intermedius on juvenile buffalo sculpins from Washington state SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID LERNAEOCERA-BRANCHIALIS; COD; LERNAEENICUS; PENNELLIDAE; MORPHOLOGY AB The parasitic copepod, Haemobaphes intermedius, was detected in 62% of juvenile buffalo sculpins Enophrys bison, a previously unreported host, from the San Juan Islands archipelago in Washington State. Most infestations were characterized by the presence of a single female copepod infestations with multiple H. intermedius occurred either unilaterally or bilaterally in 29% of parasitized individuals. Impaired condition of parasitized hosts was indicated by significantly lower total lengths and weights (34.9 mm; 1.6 g) than in unparasitized cohorts (38.9 mill: 2.1 g). Host specificity was indicated by the failure to detect H. intermedius in 43 sympatric great sculpins Myoxocephalus polyacanthocephalus from the same location. C1 US Geol Survey, Marrowstone Marine Stn, Biol Resources Div, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Zool, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Hershberger, PK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Marrowstone Marine Stn, Biol Resources Div, 616 Marrowstone Point Rd, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. EM phershberger@usgs.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD SEP PY 2004 VL 16 IS 3 BP 161 EP 163 DI 10.1577/H04-006.1 PG 3 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 860FL UT WOS:000224327800007 ER PT J AU Lacy, JR Sherwood, CR AF Lacy, JR Sherwood, CR TI Accuracy of a pulse-coherent acoustic Doppler profiler in a wave-dominated flow SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TURBULENCE MEASUREMENTS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SHEAR-STRESS; BOTTOM; CALIFORNIA; VELOCITY AB The accuracy of velocities measured by a pulse-coherent acoustic Doppler profiler (PCADP) in the bottom boundary layer of a wave-dominated inner-shelf environment is evaluated. The downward-looking PCADP measured velocities in eight 10-cm cells at 1 Hz. Velocities measured by the PCADP are compared to those measured by an acoustic Doppler velocimeter for wave orbital velocities up to 95 cm s(-1) and currents up to 40 cm s(-1). An algorithm for correcting ambiguity errors using the resolution velocities was developed. Instrument bias, measured as the average error in burst mean speed, is -0.4 cm s(-1) ( standard deviation = 0.8). The accuracy (root-mean-square error) of instantaneous velocities has a mean of 8.6 cm s(-1) (standard deviation = 6.5) for eastward velocities ( the predominant direction of waves), 6.5 cm s(-1) (standard deviation = 4.4) for northward velocities, and 2.4 cm s(-1) ( standard deviation = 1.6) for vertical velocities. Both burst mean and root-mean-square errors are greater for bursts with u(b) greater than or equal to 50 cm s(-1). Profiles of burst mean speeds from the bottom five cells were fit to logarithmic curves: 92% of bursts with mean speed greater than or equal to 5 cm s(-1) have a correlation coefficient R-2 > 0.96. In cells close to the transducer, instantaneous velocities are noisy, burst mean velocities are biased low, and bottom orbital velocities are biased high. With adequate blanking distances for both the profile and resolution velocities, the PCADP provides sufficient accuracy to measure velocities in the bottom boundary layer under moderately energetic inner-shelf conditions. C1 US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Lacy, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM jlacy@usgs.gov NR 17 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 21 IS 9 BP 1448 EP 1461 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2004)021<1448:AOAPAD>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 851KX UT WOS:000223685100010 ER PT J AU Davis, SE Cable, JE Childers, DL Coronado-Molina, C Day, JW Hittle, CD Madden, CJ Reyes, E Rudnick, D Sklar, F AF Davis, SE Cable, JE Childers, DL Coronado-Molina, C Day, JW Hittle, CD Madden, CJ Reyes, E Rudnick, D Sklar, F TI Importance of storm events in controlling ecosystem structure and function in a Florida gulf coast estuary SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN EVERGLADES; RHIZOPHORA-MANGLE; ATCHAFALAYA RIVER; BAY; HURRICANES; MANGROVE; DYNAMICS; WETLANDS; WATERS; PHOSPHORUS AB From 8/95 to 2/01, we investigated the ecological effects of intra- and inter-annual variability in freshwater flow through Taylor Creek in southeastern Everglades National Park. Continuous monitoring and intensive sampling studies overlapped with an array of pulsed weather events that impacted physical, chemical, and biological attributes of this region. We quantified the effects of three events representing a range of characteristics (duration, amount of precipitation, storm intensity, wind direction) on the hydraulic connectivity, nutrient and sediment dynamics, and vegetation structure of the SE Everglades estuarine ecotone. These events included a strong winter storm in November 1996, Tropical Storm Harvey in September 1999, and Hurricane Irene in October 1999. Continuous hydrologic and daily water sample data were used to examine the effects of these events on the physical forcing and quality of water in Taylor Creek. A high resolution, flow-through sampling and mapping approach was used to characterize water quality in the adjacent bay. To understand the effects of these events on vegetation communities, we measured mangrove litter production and estimated seagrass cover in the bay at monthly intervals. We also quantified sediment deposition associated with Hurricane Irene's flood surge along the Buttonwood Ridge. These three events resulted in dramatic changes in surface water movement and chemistry in Taylor Creek and adjacent regions of Florida Bay as well as increased mangrove litterfall and flood surge scouring of seagrass beds. Up to 5 cm of bay-derived mud was deposited along the ridge adjacent to the creek in this single pulsed event. These short-term events can account for a substantial proportion of the annual flux of freshwater and materials between the mangrove zone and Florida Bay. Our findings shed light on the capacity of these storm events, especially when in succession, to have far reaching and long lasting effects on coastal ecosystems such as the estuarine ecotone of the SE Everglades. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Coastal Ecol Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci & SERC, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Everglades Syst Res, W Palm Beach, FL 33416 USA. Ctr Water & Restorat Studies, United States Geol Survey, Miami, FL 33178 USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Davis, SE (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM sedavis@tamu.edu; jcable@lsu.edu; childers@fiu.edu; johnday@lsu.edu; cdhittle@usgs.gov; emadden@sfwmd.gov; ereyes@uno.edu; drudnic@sfwmd.gov; fsklar@sfwmd.gov RI Reyes, Enrique/G-3561-2010 OI Reyes, Enrique/0000-0002-7486-1474 NR 39 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 32 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD FAL PY 2004 VL 20 IS 4 BP 1198 EP 1208 DI 10.2112/03-0072R.1 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 873JW UT WOS:000225276900021 ER PT J AU Schreiber, ME Carey, GR Feinstein, DT Bahr, JM AF Schreiber, ME Carey, GR Feinstein, DT Bahr, JM TI Mechanisms of electron acceptor utilization: implications for simulating anaerobic biodegradation SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE biodegradation; transport inodeling; hydrocarbons; field scale ID BTEX-CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER; OIL SPILL SITE; NATURAL ATTENUATION; DENITRIFYING CONDITIONS; SULFATE REDUCTION; IRON REDUCTION; ORGANIC-MATTER; SANDY AQUIFER; TRANSPORT; BIOREMEDIATION AB Simulation of biodegradation reactions within a reactive transport framework requires information on mechanisms of terminal electron acceptor processes (TEAPs). In initial modeling efforts, TEAPs were approximated as occurring sequentially, with the highest energy-yielding electron acceptors (e.g. oxygen) consumed before those that yield less energy (e.g., sulfate). Within this framework in a steady state plume, sequential electron acceptor utilization would theoretically produce methane at an organic-rich source and Fe(II) further downgradient, resulting in a limited zone of Fe(II) and methane overlap. However, contaminant plumes often display much more extensive zones of overlapping Fe(II) and methane. The extensive overlap could be caused by several abiotic and biotic processes including vertical mixing of byproducts in long-screened monitoring wells, adsorption of Fe(II) onto aquifer solids, or microscale heterogeneity in Fe(III) concentrations. Alternatively, the overlap could be due to simultaneous utilization of terminal electron acceptors. Because biodegradation rates are controlled by TEAPs, evaluating the mechanisms of electron acceptor utilization is critical for improving prediction of contaminant mass losses due to biodegradation. Using BioRedox-MT3DMS, a three-dimensional, multi-species reactive transport code, we simulated the current configurations of a BTEX plume and TEAP zones at a petroleum-contaminated field site in Wisconsin. Simulation results suggest that BTEX mass loss due to biodegradation is greatest under oxygen-reducing conditions, with smaller but similar contributions to mass loss from biodegradation under Fe(III)-reducing, sulfate-reducing, and methanogenic conditions. Results of sensitivity calculations document that BTEX losses due to biodegradation are most sensitive to the age of the plume, while the shape of the BTEX plume is most sensitive to effective porosity and rate constants for biodegradation under Fe(III)-reducing and methanogenic conditions. Using this transport model, we had limited success in simulating overlap of redox products using reasonable ranges of parameters within a strictly sequential electron acceptor utilization framework. Simulation results indicate that overlap of redox products cannot be accurately simulated using the constructed model, suggesting either that Fe(III) reduction and methanogenesis are occurring simultaneously in the source area, or that heterogeneities in Fe(III) concentration and/or mineral type cause the observed overlap. Additional field, experimental, and modeling studies will be needed to address these questions. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EICE, Waterloo, ON N2V 1V7, Canada. US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Dist, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Schreiber, ME (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, 4044 Derring Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM mschreib@vt.edu; gcarey@enviro-institute.com; dtfeinst@usgs.gov; jmbahr@geology.wise.edu RI Schreiber, Madeline/A-5356-2009 OI Schreiber, Madeline/0000-0002-1858-7730 NR 51 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 73 IS 1-4 BP 99 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2004.01.004 PG 29 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 854DX UT WOS:000223882100005 PM 15336791 ER PT J AU Staats, KE Arai, Y Sparks, DL AF Staats, KE Arai, Y Sparks, DL TI Alum amendment effects on phosphorus release and distribution in poultry litter-amended sandy soils SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; PHOSPHATE RELEASE; CHEMICAL AMENDMENTS; KINETICS; RUNOFF; DESORPTION; SPECIATION; SULFATE; FORMS; TRANSFORMATIONS AB Increased poultry production has contributed to excess nutrient problems in Atlantic Coastal Plain soils due to land application of poultry litter (PL). Aluminum sulfate [alum, Al-2(SO4)(3)(.)14H(2)O] amendment of PL effectively reduces soluble phosphorus (P) in the PL; however, the effects of these litters when added to acidic, sandy soils are not well understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of alum-amended poultry litter in reducing P release from three Delaware Coastal Plain soils: Evesboro loamy sand (Ev; excessively drained, mesic, coated Typic Quartzipsamments), Rumford loamy sand (Ru; well drained, coarse-loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Typic Hapludults), and Pocomoke sandy loam (Pm; very poorly drained, coarse-loamy, siliceous, active, thermic Typic Umbraquults). Long-term (25 d) and short-term (24 h) desorption studies were conducted, in addition to chemical extractions and kinetic modeling, to observe the changes that alum-amended versus unamended PL caused in the soils. The Ev, Ru, and Put soils were incubated with 9 Mg ha(-1) of alum-amended or unamended PL. Long-term desorption (25 d) of the incubated material resulted in approximately 13.5% (Ev), 12.7% (Ru), and 13.3% (Pm) reductions in cumulative P desorbed when comparing soil treated with unamended and alum-amended PL. In addition, the P release from the soil treated with alum-amended litter was not significantly different from the control (soil alone). Short-term desorption (24 h) showed 7.3% (Ev), 15.4% (Ru), and 20% (Pm) reductions. The overall implication from this study is that the use of alum as a PL amendment is useful in coarse-textured soils of the Coastal Plain. With increased application of alum-amended PL, more significant decreases may be possible with little or no effect on soil quality. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Staats, KE (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, 152 Townsend Hall, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM kestaats@udel.edu NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1904 EP 1911 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 855PU UT WOS:000223987000034 PM 15356252 ER PT J AU Peglar, MT Nerad, TA Anderson, OR Gillevet, PM AF Peglar, MT Nerad, TA Anderson, OR Gillevet, PM TI Identification of amoebae implicated in the life cycle of Pfiesteria and Pfiesteria-like dinoflagellates SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE clonal; diprotist; monoprotist; monoxenic; SEM; SSU rRNA gene phylogeny; TEM ID AMBUSH-PREDATOR DINOFLAGELLATE; TURBOT SCOPHTHALMUS-MAXIMUS; TOXIC PFIESTERIA; GILL DISEASE; PARAMOEBA SP; SEA-URCHIN; FISH KILLS; SP AMEBIDA; N-SP; PISCICIDA AB This study was undertaken to assess whether amoebae commonly found in mesohaline environments are in fact stages in the life cycles of Pfiesteria and Pfiesteria-like dinoflagellates. Primary isolations of amoebae and dinoflagellates were made from water and sediment samples from five tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay. Additional amoebae were also cloned from bioassay aquaria where fish mortality was attributed to Pfiesteria. Electron microscopy and small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene sequence analysis of these isolates clearly demonstrated that the commonly depicted amoeboid form of Pfiesteria is very likely a species of Korotnevella and is unrelated to Pfiesteria or Pfiesteria-like dinoflagellates. We have determined that the Pfiesteria and Pfiesteria-like dinoflagellates examined in this study undergo a typical homothallic life cycle without amoeboid stages. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that cloned amoebae sharing morphological characteristics described for stages in the life cycle of Pfiesteria do not transform into dinozoites. The strict clonal isolation and cultivation techniques used in this study substantially support the conclusion that the amoebae and some of the flagellates depicted in the life cycle of Pfiesteria are environmental contaminants of the Pfiesteria culture system and that the Ambush Predator Hypothesis needs to be rigorously reevaluated. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. Amer Type Culture Collect, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Gillevet, PM (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. EM pgilleve@gmu.edu NR 62 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 5 BP 542 EP 552 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2004.tb00290.x PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 861DY UT WOS:000224397500008 PM 15537089 ER PT J AU Rounds, RA Erwin, RM Porter, JH AF Rounds, RA Erwin, RM Porter, JH TI Nest-site selection and hatching success of waterbirds in coastal Virginia: some results of habitat manipulation SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE American Oystercatcher; black skimmer; coastal Virginia; common tern; gull-billed tern; habitat manipulation; Haematopus palliarus; Rynchops niger; sea-level rise; shellpiles; Sterna hirundo; S. nilotica ID TERN EGG PREDATION; GULL-BILLED TERNS; BREEDING SUCCESS; RUDDY TURNSTONES; COMMON TERNS; ROYAL TERN; SEABIRDS; REGIMES; COLONY AB Rising sea levels in the mid-Atlantic region pose a long-term threat to marshes and their avian inhabitants. The Gull-billed Tern (Sterna nilotica), Common Tern (S. hirundo), Black Skimmer (Rynchops niger), and American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus), species of concern in Virginia, nest oil low shelly perimeters of salt marsh islands on the Eastern Shore of Virginia. Marsh shellpiles are free of mammalian predators, but subject to frequent floods that reduce reproductive success. In an attempt to examine nest-site selection, enhance habitat, and improve hatching success, small (2 X 2 m) plots on five island shellpiles were experimentally elevated, and nest-site selection and hatching success were monitored from 1 May to 1 August, 2002. In addition, location, elevation, and nesting performance of all other nests in the colonies were also monitored. No species selected the elevated experimental plots preferentially over adjacent control plots at any of the sites. When all nests were considered, Common Tern nests were located significantly lower than were random point elevations at two sires, as they tended to concentrate on low-lying wrack. At two other sites, however, Common Tern nests were significantly higher than were random points. Gull-billed Terns and American Oystercatchers showed a weak preference for higher elevations on bare shell at most sites. Hatching success was not improved on elevated plots, despite the protection they provided from flooding. Because of a 7 June flood, when 47% of all nests flooded, hatching success for all species was low. Nest elevation had the strongest impact on a nest's probability of hatching, followed by nest-initiation date. Predation rates were high at small colonies, and Ruddy Turnstones (Arenaria interpres) depredated 90% of early Gull-billed Tern nests at one shellpile. The importance of nest elevation and flooding on hatching success demonstrates the potential for management of certain waterbird nesting sites. Facing threats from predators on barrier islands and rising sea levels especially in the mid-Atlantic region, several species of nesting waterbirds may benefit dramatically with modest: manipulation of even small habitat patches on isolated marsh islands. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Erwin, RM (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Clark Hall,291 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM rme5g@virginia.edu NR 36 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 28 PU ASSOC FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS PI STATESBORO PA GEORGIA SOUTHERN UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, STATESBORO, GA 30460-8042 USA SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD FAL PY 2004 VL 75 IS 4 BP 317 EP 329 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 871NT UT WOS:000225141100001 ER PT J AU Stone, J Barndt, S Gangloff, M AF Stone, J Barndt, S Gangloff, M TI Spatial distribution and habitat use of the western pearlshell mussel (Margaritifera falcata) in a western Washington stream SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; RIVERS; LIFE AB We investigated the spatial distribution and habitat associations of western pearlshell mussels (Margaritifera falcata) in a southwest Washington stream. Variation in mussel occurrence differed with the scale of the observations, being lower among study reaches and higher within reaches. Additionally, mussels exhibited a highly aggregated, non-random spatial distribution pattern. The distribution of mussels at large scales (across reaches) was associated with dissolved oxygen and shear stress. Mussel distribution at small scales (with the 50 m reaches) was associated with wetted width, canopy, abundance of small gravel substrate, and distance from the stream bank. Mussels were found in locations having reduced shear stress, turbulence, and gradient and increased wetted width, abundance of small gravel, dissolved oxygen, and conductivity. Optimum water depth was 0.2 - 0.6 m and optimum current velocity was 0.23 - 0.30 m/sec. Mussels preferred substrates where boulders increased bed roughness, allowing small gravel and sand to create a stable, heterogeneous substrate. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. US Forest Serv, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Stone, J (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, 1211 SE Carindal Court,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM jen_stone@fws.gov NR 40 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 13 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 19 IS 3 BP 341 EP 352 DI 10.1080/02705060.2004.9664907 PG 12 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 843ME UT WOS:000223087200001 ER PT J AU Grabowski, TB Isely, JJ Weller, RR AF Grabowski, TB Isely, JJ Weller, RR TI Age and growth of flathead catfish, Pylodictus olivaris Rafinesque, in the Altamaha River System, Georgia SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Flathead catfish were introduced to the Altamaha River system, Georgia in the 1970's. We determined the length-weight relationship, Von Bertalanffy growth parameters, and back calculated lengths by examining the sagittal otoliths of 331 individuals captured from this population. We found that there were no sex related differences in length weight relationship or Von Bertalanffy growth parameters. Flathead catfish in the Altamaha River system grow at about the same rate as individuals in other introduced populations. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Wildlife Resources Div, Albany, GA 31701 USA. RP Grabowski, TB (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM tgrabow@clemson.edu NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 19 IS 3 BP 411 EP 417 DI 10.1080/02705060.2004.9664914 PG 7 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 843ME UT WOS:000223087200008 ER PT J AU Blouin, MA Hudson, P Chriscinske, M AF Blouin, MA Hudson, P Chriscinske, M TI Habitat selection by two species of burrowing mayfly nymphs in the Les Cheneaux Islands region of northern Lake Huron SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEXAGENIA-LIMBATA; EPHEMEROPTERA AB This study focused primarily on the habitat preferences of Hexagenia limbata and Ephemera simulans, two species prevalent in northern Lake Huron, to gain a better understanding of the key components that determined their distribution and abundance. Both species preferred habitats based upon depth and sediment type. In addition, the burrowing activity of H. limbata was examined using in-situ, underwater sampling techniques specifically designed for the study. SCUBA divers made resin casts and took clear sediment cores in order to study how the burrow densities of H. limbata related to the sediment : water volume ratios. H. limbata contributed to the bioturbation and sediment porosity in specific, fine-sediment habitats. Younger age classes of this species utilized the burrows of their larger cohorts, an adaptation that could allow for energy savings and optimized growth. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Blouin, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 19 IS 3 BP 507 EP 514 DI 10.1080/02705060.2004.9664926 PG 8 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 843ME UT WOS:000223087200020 ER PT J AU Zerrenner, A AF Zerrenner, A TI Effect of density and age on larval sea lamprey growth and survival in three Lake Champlain streams SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PETROMYZON-MARINUS; METAMORPHOSIS AB Age-1 and age-3 larval sea lamprey were separately held in circular cages (0.16 m(2)) with 30 cm of optimal habitat for one year. The five treatments for each age class were: 25, 50, 100, 150, and 200 larvae/m(2). Growth of age-1 larvae was significantly higher than age-3 larvae (P<0.006), although survival was not significantly different between ages (P<0.546). Density treatments did not significantly affect growth and survival of the age treatments (P<0.195; P<0.868). These results suggest that age and biomass may be important variables to measure when examining potential demographic effects on larval lamprey life history characteristics. C1 Univ Vermont, Aiken Ctr, Sch Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Zerrenner, A (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sacramento Fish & Wildlife Off, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. EM adam_zerrenner@fws.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 19 IS 3 BP 515 EP 519 DI 10.1080/02705060.2004.9664927 PG 5 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 843ME UT WOS:000223087200021 ER PT J AU Handley, LR Lockwood, CM Handley, N AF Handley, LR Lockwood, CM Handley, N TI Back to the basics: Kansas City, Missouri SO JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, NWRC, Mapping Sect, Spatial Anal Branch, Lafayette, LA USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL COUNCIL GEOGRAPHIC EDUCATION PI INDIANA PA INDIANA UNIV PENNSYLVANIA, INDIANA, PA 15705 USA SN 0022-1341 J9 J GEOGR JI J. Geogr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 103 IS 5 BP 226 EP 230 PG 5 WC Geography SC Geography GA 922MH UT WOS:000228841500009 ER PT J AU Goldberg, CS Schwalbe, CR AF Goldberg, CS Schwalbe, CR TI Habitat use and spatial structure of a barking frog (Eleutherodactylus augusti) population in southeastern Arizona SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISPERSAL; AMPHIBIANS; NEWTS; RANGE; PH AB Barking Frogs (Eleutherodactylus augusti) are the northernmost ranging member of the large tropical family Leptodactylidae. We investigated the ecology of this saxicolous species at the northern edge of its range in a canyon in southern Arizona. We captured 54 frogs on discontinuous rock outcrops; eight of nine females and 39 of 45 males were on limestone outcrops. The remaining frogs were closer to limestone outcrops by more than 200 m than would be expected if they were distributed randomly with respect to limestone formations. Seven of 10 frogs radio-tracked had core home ranges (50% fixed kernel) from 94 to 100% on limestone; the other three frogs did not have any part of their home range on limestone outcrops. During five years of mark-recapture efforts, no frogs were found on a different outcrop from the one where they were originally captured; no radio-tracked frogs moved between outcrops during the breeding season. We estimated that four to 20 Barking Frogs occupied each outcrop; these groups probably are connected primarily by juvenile dispersal. As an organism living at the edge of its range, Barking Frogs in Arizona may rely heavily on extensive underground areas such as those found in limestone to protect them from a physiologically challenging environment. To manage for the persistence of Barking Frogs in southern Arizona, we must identify and protect habitat patches and movement pathways among them. C1 Univ Arizona, USGS Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sonoran Desert Field Stn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Goldberg, CS (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, POB 44136, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM careng8@yahoo.com RI Goldberg, Caren/B-4075-2015 NR 44 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 12 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 38 IS 3 BP 305 EP 312 DI 10.1670/109-03A PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 858VT UT WOS:000224220900001 ER PT J AU Bailey, LL Simons, TR Pollock, KH AF Bailey, LL Simons, TR Pollock, KH TI Comparing population size estimators for plethodontid salamanders SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; POLLOCKS ROBUST DESIGN; DETECTION PROBABILITY; STATISTICAL-INFERENCE; TEMPORARY EMIGRATION; ANIMAL POPULATIONS; LIFE-HISTORIES; DYNAMICS; BIOMASS; DESMOGNATHUS AB Despite concern over amphibian declines, few studies estimate absolute abundances because of logistic and economic constraints and previously poor estimator performance. Two estimation approaches recommended for amphibian studies are mark-recapture and depletion (or removal) sampling. We compared abundance estimation via various mark-recapture and depletion methods, using data from a three-year study of terrestrial salamanders in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Our results indicate that short-term closed-population, robust design, and depletion methods estimate surface population of salamanders (i.e., those near the surface and available for capture during a given sampling occasion). In longer duration studies, temporary emigration violates assumptions of both open- and closed-population mark-recapture estimation models. However, if the temporary emigration is completely random, these models should yield unbiased estimates of the total population (superpopulation) of salamanders in the sampled area. We recommend using Pollock's robust design in mark-recapture studies because of its flexibility to incorporate variation in capture probabilities and to estimate temporary emigration probabilities. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, US Geog Survey, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat Biomath & Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Bailey, LL (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beach Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM lbailey@usgs.gov RI Bailey, Larissa/A-2565-2009 NR 57 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 21 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 EI 1937-2418 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 38 IS 3 BP 370 EP 380 DI 10.1670/194-03A PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 858VT UT WOS:000224220900008 ER PT J AU Ellis, DH Kery, M AF Ellis, DH Kery, M TI Variable retention times for rectrices at different loci in a Golden Eagle SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Golden Eagle; Aquila chrysaetos; molt; plumage ID BIRDS C1 USGS SW Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Oracle, AZ 85623 USA. Swiss Ornithol Inst, CH-6204 Sempach, Switzerland. RP Ellis, DH (reprint author), Inst Raptor Studies, HC 1 Box 4420, Oracle, AZ 85623 USA. EM dcellis@theriver.com NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 38 IS 3 BP 270 EP 275 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 860AW UT WOS:000224310500010 ER PT J AU Harwood, CM McCaffery, BJ Broerman, FJ Liedberg, PA AF Harwood, CM McCaffery, BJ Broerman, FJ Liedberg, PA TI A local concentration of Snowy Owls on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta in summer 2000 SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Snowy Owl; Bubo scandiacus; Yukon-Kuskohwim Delta; Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge; Alaska C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Yukon Delta Natl Wildlife Refuge, Bethel, AK 99559 USA. RP Harwood, CM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kanuti Natl Wildlife Refuge, 101 12th Ave,Room 262, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. EM christopher_harwood@fws.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 38 IS 3 BP 275 EP 277 PG 3 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 860AW UT WOS:000224310500011 ER PT J AU Moore, LJ Jol, HM Kruse, S Vanderburgh, S Kaminsky, GM AF Moore, LJ Jol, HM Kruse, S Vanderburgh, S Kaminsky, GM TI Annual layers revealed by GPR in the subsurface of a prograding coastal barrier, southwest Washington, USA SO JOURNAL OF SEDIMENTARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR; INTERNAL STRUCTURE; DEPOSITS; STATE AB The southwest Washington coastline has experienced extremely high rates of progradation during the late Holocene. Subsurface stratigraphy, preserved because of progradation and interpreted using ground-penetrating radar (GPR), has previously been used successfully to document coastal response to prehistoric storm and earthquake events. New GPR data collected at Ocean Shores, Washington, suggest that the historic stratigraphy of the coastal barrier in this area represents a higher resolution record of coastal behavior than previously thought. GPR records for this location at 200 MHz reveal a series of gently sloping, seaward-dipping reflections with slopes similar to the modern beach and spacings on the order of 20-45 cm. Field evidence and model results suggest that thin (1-10 cm), possibly magnetite-rich, heavy-mineral lags or low-porosity layers left by winter storms and separated by thick (20-40 cm) summer progradational sequences are responsible for generating the GPR reflections. These results indicate that a record of annual progradation is preserved in the subsurface of the prograding barrier and can be quantified using GPR. Such records of annual coastal behavior, where available, will be invaluable in understanding past coastal response to climatic and tectonic forcing. C1 Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Reg Marine Studies, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog & Anthropol, Eau Claire, WI 54702 USA. Univ S Florida, Dept Geol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. Univ Coll Fraser Valley, Dept Geog, Abbotsford, BC V2S 7M8, Canada. Washington Dept Ecol, Dept Monitoring & Anal Program, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. RP Moore, LJ (reprint author), Oberlin Coll, Dept Geol, 52 W Lorain St, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. EM ltura.moore@oberlin.edu NR 25 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 6128 EAST 38TH ST, STE 308, TULSA, OK 74135-5814 USA SN 1527-1404 EI 1938-3681 J9 J SEDIMENT RES JI J. Sediment. Res. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 74 IS 5 BP 690 EP 696 DI 10.1306/021604740690 PG 7 WC Geology SC Geology GA 852DA UT WOS:000223734200009 ER PT J AU Nydick, KR Lafrancois, BM Baron, JS AF Nydick, KR Lafrancois, BM Baron, JS TI NO3 uptake in shallow, oligotrophic, mountain lakes: the influence of elevated NO3 concentrations SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE benthic; mountain lakes; NO3 uptake; nutrient enrichment; N-15 isotope tracer ID DISSIMILATORY NITRATE REDUCTION; INORGANIC NITROGEN UPTAKE; NUTRIENT LIMITATION; DEFICIENT LAKE; ORGANIC-MATTER; FOOD-WEB; PHYTOPLANKTON; ECOSYSTEMS; AMMONIUM; RESPONSES AB Nutrient enrichment experiments were conducted in 1.2-m deep enclosures in 2 shallow, oligotrophic, mountain lakes. N-15-NO3 isotope tracer was used to compare the importance of phytoplankton and benthic compartments (epilithon, surface sediment [epipelon], and subsurface sediment) for NO3 uptake under high and low NO3 conditions. NO3 uptake approached saturation in the high-N lake, but not in the low-N lake. The capacity of phytoplankton and benthic compartments to take up NO3 differed among treatments and between lakes, and depended on water-column nutrient conditions and the history of NO3 availability. Phytoplankton productivity responded strongly to addition of limiting nutrients, and NO3 uptake was related to phytoplankton biomass and photosynthesis. However, more NO3 usually was taken up by benthic compartments (57-92% combined) than by phytoplankton, even though the response of benthic algal biomass to nutrient additions was less pronounced than that of phytoplankton and benthic NO3 uptake was unrelated to benthic algal biomass. In the low-N lake where NO, uptake was unsaturated, C content or % was related to NO3 uptake in benthic substrates, suggesting that heterotrophic bacterial processes could be important in benthic NO3 uptake. These results suggest that phytoplankton are most sensitive to nutrient additions, but benthic processes are important for NO3 uptake in shallow, oligotrophic lakes. C1 Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Discipline, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Nydick, KR (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM koren@cc.usu.edu; jill@nrel.colostate.edu RI Baron, Jill/C-5270-2016 OI Baron, Jill/0000-0002-5902-6251 NR 49 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 12 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 23 IS 3 BP 397 EP 415 DI 10.1899/0887-3593(2004)023<0397:NUISOM>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 859RH UT WOS:000224285100001 ER PT J AU Jones, JW Neves, RJ Ahlstedt, SA Mair, RA AF Jones, JW Neves, RJ Ahlstedt, SA Mair, RA TI Life history and propagation of the endangered dromedary pearlymussel (Dromus dromas) (Bivalvia : Unionidae) SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE dromedary pearlymussel; Dromus dromas; life history; fish hosts; reproduction; propagation ID MUSSELS; MOLLUSCA; VIRGINIA; RIVER AB The reproduction, demography, and propagation of the endangered dromedary pearly-mussel (Dromus dromas) (Lea, 1834) were studied in the Clinch and Powell rivers, Tennessee. Viable populations of the dromedary pearlymussel now occur only in the Clinch and Powell rivers; the species has been extirpated from the remaining portions of its range in the Cumberland and Tennessee river drainages. Females are long-term winter brooders, and they are gravid from October to June. Glochidia are contained in conglutinates that are red to white and resemble freshwater leeches or flatworms. Conglutinates are 20 to 40 mm long and are released through the excurrent aperture. Estimates of fecundity based on 7 gravid females collected from the Clinch River were 55,110 to 253,050 glochidia/mussel. The ages of 66 valves of D. dromas were determined by thin-sectioning and ranged from 3 to 25 y. Annual growth averaged 5 mm/y until age 10 and decreased to similar to1.2 mm/y thereafter. Nineteen fish species were tested for Suitability as hosts for glochidia. Ten were confirmed as hosts through induced infestations of glochidia: black sculpin (Cottus baileyi), greenside darter (Etheostoma blennioides), fantail darter (Etheostoma flabellare), snubnose darter (Etheostoma simoterum), tangerine darter (Percina aurantiaca), blotchside logperch (Percina burtoni), logperch (Percina caprodes), channel darter (Percina copelandi), gilt darter (Percina evides), and Roanoke darter (Percina roanoka). Juveniles produced from these hosts were Cultured in dishes held in nonrecirculating aquaculture systems containing fine sediment (< 105 mum) and were fed the green alga Nannochloropsis oculata every 2 d. Survival of 2810 newly metamorphosed juveniles was 836 (29.7%) after 1 to 2 wk. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Jones, JW (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM vtaquaculture@hotmail.com; mussel@vt.edu; ahlstedt@usgs.gov; rmair@vt.edu NR 33 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 14 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 23 IS 3 BP 515 EP 525 DI 10.1899/0887-3593(2004)023<0515:LHAPOT>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 859RH UT WOS:000224285100009 ER PT J AU Glover, JB Floyd, MA AF Glover, JB Floyd, MA TI Larvae of the genus Nectopsyche (Trichoptera : Leptoceridae) in eastern North America, including a new species from North Carolina SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Nectopsyche; new species; Trichoptera; Lake Waccamaw; North Carolina; systematics AB The larva, adult male, and adult female of Nectopsyche waccamawensis n. sp. are described. This new species appears to be endemic to Lake Waccamaw in Columbus County, North Carolina, and brings to 9 the number of Nectopsyche species now known east of the Mississippi River. The larva of Nectopsyche sp. A, a probable new species, is also described. Descriptions, illustrations, and a key are provided for the larvae of all eastern North American species with the exception of N. spiloma (Ross), but including the previously undescribed larva of N.paludicola Harris. C1 S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. RP Glover, JB (reprint author), S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, 2600 Bull St, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. EM gloverjb@dhec.sc.gov; mike_floyd@fws.gov NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 23 IS 3 BP 526 EP 541 DI 10.1899/0887-3593(2004)023<0526:LOTGNT>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 859RH UT WOS:000224285100010 ER PT J AU Gebler, JB AF Gebler, JB TI Mesoscale spatial variability of selected aquatic invertebrate community metrics from a minimally impaired stream segment SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE spatial variability; natural variability; biomonitoring; bioassessment; metrics; study design; patchiness; effect size; autocorrelation; sampling; aquatic invertebrates ID SONORAN DESERT STREAM; HIERARCHICAL FRAMEWORK; MONITORING PROGRAMS; SPECIES COMPOSITION; SIMILARITY INDEXES; INSECTS; MACROINVERTEBRATES; CLASSIFICATION; HETEROGENEITY; ASSESSMENTS AB The related topics of spatial variability of aquatic invertebrate community metrics, implications of spatial patterns of metric values to distributions of aquatic invertebrate communities, and ramifications of natural variability to the detection of human perturbations were investigated. Four metrics commonly used for stream assessment were computed for 9 stream reaches within a fairly homogeneous, minimally impaired stream segment of the San Pedro River, Arizona. Metric variability was assessed for differing sampling scenarios using simple permutation procedures. Spatial patterns of metric values suggest that aquatic invertebrate communities are patchily distributed on subsegment and segment scales, which causes metric variability. Wide ranges of metric values resulted in wide ranges of metric coefficients of variation (CVs) and minimum detectable differences (MDDs), and both CVs and MDDs often increased as sample size (number of reaches) increased, suggesting that any particular set of sampling reaches could yield misleading estimates of population parameters and effects that can be detected. Mean metric variabilities were substantial, with the result that only fairly large differences in metrics would be declared significant at alpha = 0.05 and beta = 0.20. The number of reaches required to obtain MDDs of 10% and 20% varied with significance level and power, and differed for different metrics, but were generally large, ranging into tens and hundreds of reaches. Study results suggest that metric values from one or a small number of stream reach(es) may not be adequate to represent a stream segment, depending on effect sizes of interest, and that larger sample sizes are necessary to obtain reasonable estimates of metrics and sample statistics. For bioassessment to progress, spatial variability may need to be investigated in many systems and should be considered when designing studies and interpreting data. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Gebler, JB (reprint author), Ecol Desingn & Environm Analyt, 4444 E Benson Hwy,Ste 142, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. EM jbgebler@hotmail.com NR 74 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 23 IS 3 BP 616 EP 633 DI 10.1899/0887-3593(2004)023<0616:MSVOSA>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 859RH UT WOS:000224285100015 ER PT J AU Gooseff, MN McKnight, DM Runkel, RL Duff, JH AF Gooseff, MN McKnight, DM Runkel, RL Duff, JH TI Denitrification and hydrologic transient storage in a glacial meltwater stream, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NUTRIENT-PERIPHYTON DYNAMICS; HYPORHEIC ZONE; HEADWATER STREAMS; SCALE PATTERNS; WATER VELOCITY; NITRATE; ECOSYSTEM; EXCHANGE; SEDIMENTS; TRANSPORT AB In extreme environments, retention of nutrients within stream ecosystems contributes to the persistence of aquatic biota and continuity of ecosystem function. In the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, many glacial meltwater streams flow for only 5-12 weeks a year and yet support extensive benthic microbial communities. We investigated NO3- uptake and denitrification in Green Creek by analyzing small-scale microbial mat dynamics in mesocosms and reach-scale nutrient cycling in two whole-stream NO3- enrichment experiments. Nitrate uptake results indicated that microbial mats were nitrogen (N)-limited, with NO3- uptake rates as high as 16 nmol N cm(-2) h(-1). Denitrification potentials associated with microbial mats were also as high as 16 nmol N cm(-2) h(-1). During two whole-stream NO3--enrichment experiments, a simultaneous pulse of NO2- was observed in the stream water. The one-dimensional solute transport model with inflow and storage was modified to simulate two storage zones: one to account for short time scale hydrologic exchange of stream water into and out of the benthic microbial mat, the other to account for longer time scale hydrologic exchange with the hyporheic zone. Simulations indicate that injected NO3- was removed both in the microbial mat and in the hyporheic zone and that as much as 20% of the NO3- that entered the microbial mat and hyporheic zone was transformed to NO2- by dissimilatory reduction. Because of the rapid hydrologic exchange in microbial mats, it is likely that denitrification is limited either by biotic assimilation, reductase limitation, or transport limitation (reduced NO2- is transported away from reducing microbes). C1 Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Gooseff, MN (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM michael.gooseff@usu.edu RI Gooseff, Michael/B-9273-2008; Gooseff, Michael/N-6087-2015; OI Gooseff, Michael/0000-0003-4322-8315; MCKNIGHT, DIANE/0000-0002-4171-1533 NR 43 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 49 IS 5 BP 1884 EP 1895 PG 12 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 869JT UT WOS:000224979900039 ER PT J AU Carlson, RW Irving, AJ Schulze, DJ Hearn, BC AF Carlson, RW Irving, AJ Schulze, DJ Hearn, BC TI Timing of Precambrian melt depletion and Phanerozoic refertilization events in the lithospheric mantle of the Wyoming Craton and adjacent Central Plains Orogen SO LITHOS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Kimberlite Conference CY JUN 22-27, 2003 CL Victoria, CANADA DE xenoliths; lithosphere; major elements; Sr-Nd-Hf-Os-Pb isotopes; Laramide orogeny ID SUBCONTINENTAL MANTLE; PERIDOTITE XENOLITHS; ISOTOPE SYSTEMATICS; CENTRAL MONTANA; PB ISOTOPE; ENRICHMENT; EVOLUTION; ND; OS; SR AB Garnet peridotite xenoliths from the Sloan kimberlite (Colorado) are variably depleted in their major magmaphile (Ca, Al) element compositions with whole rock Re-depletion model ages generally consistent with this depletion occurring in the mid-Proterozoic. Unlike many lithospheric peridotites, the Sloan samples are also depleted in incompatible trace elements, as shown by the composition of separated garnet and clinopy oxene. Most of the Sloan peridotites have intermineral Sm-Nd and Lu-Hf isotope systematics consistent with this depletion occurring in the mid-Proterozoic, though the precise age of this event is poorly defined. Thus, when sampled by the Devonian Sloan kimberlite, the compositional characteristics of the lithospheric mantle in this area primarily reflected the initial melt extraction event that presumably is associated with crust formation in the Proterozoic-a relatively simple history that may also explain the cold geotherm measured for the Sloan xenoliths. The Williams and Homestead kimberlites erupted through the Wyoming Craton in the Eocene, near the end of the Laramide Orogeny, the major tectonomagmatic event responsible for the formation of the Rocky Mountains in the late Cretaceous-early Tertiary. Rhenium-depletion model ages for the Homestead peridotites are mostly Archean, consistent with their origin in the Archean lithospheric mantle of the Wyoming Craton. Both the Williams and Homestead peridotites, however, clearly show the consequences of metasomatism by incompatible-element-rich melts. Intermineral isotope systematics in both the Homestead and Williams peridotites are highly disturbed with the Sr and Nd isotopic compositions of the minerals being dominated by the metasomatic component. Some Homestead samples preserve an incompatible element depleted signature in their radiogenic Hf isotopic compositions. Sm-Nd tie lines for garnet and clinopyroxene separates from most Homestead samples provide Mesozoic or younger "ages" suggesting that the metasomatism occurred during the Laramide. Highly variable Rb-Sr and Lu-Hf mineral "ages" for these same samples suggest that the Homestead peridotites did not achieve intermineral equilibrium during this metasomatism. This indicates that the metasomatic overprint likely was introduced shortly before kimberlite eruption through interaction of the peridotites with the host kimberlite, or petrogenctically similar magmas, in the Wyoming Craton lithosphere. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, 5241 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA. EM carlson@dtm.ciw.edu; irving@ess.washington.edu; dschulze@credit.erin.utoronto.ca; chearn@usgs.gov NR 47 TC 76 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0024-4937 EI 1872-6143 J9 LITHOS JI Lithos PD SEP PY 2004 VL 77 IS 1-4 BP 453 EP 472 DI 10.1016/j.lithos.2004.03.030 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 856DE UT WOS:000224023000030 ER PT J AU Hearn, BC AF Hearn, BC TI The Homestead kimberlite, central Montana, USA: mineralogy, xenocrysts, and upper-mantle xenoliths SO LITHOS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Kimberlite Conference CY JUN 22-27, 2003 CL Victoria, CANADA DE kimberlite; xenolith; xenocryst; peridotite; upper mantle; thermobarometry; Montana ID FALLS TECTONIC ZONE; WYOMING CRATON; BELT-MOUNTAINS; PERIDOTITES; ROCKS; PART AB The Homestead kimberlite was emplaced in lower Cretaceous marine shale and siltstone in the Grassrange area of central Montana. The Grassrange area includes aillikite, alnoite, carbonatite, kimberlite, and monchiquite and is situated within the Archean Wyoming craton. The kimberlite contains 25-30 modal% olivine as xenocrysts and phenocrysts in a matrix of phlogopite, monticellite, diopside, serpentine, chlorite, hydrous Ca-Al-Na silicates, perovskite, and spinel. The rock is kimberlite based on mineralogy, the presence of atoll-textured groundmass spinels, and kimberlitic core-rim zoning of groundmass spinels and groundmass phlogopites. Garnet xenocrysts are mainly Cr-pyropes, of which 2 - 12% are G10 compositions, crustal almandines are rare and eclogitic garnets are absent. Spinel xenocrysts have MgO and Cr2O3 contents ranging into the diamond inclusion field. Mg-ilmenite xenocrysts contain 7-11 wt.% MgO and 0.8-1.9 Wt-% Cr2O3, with (Fe+3/Fe-tot) from 0.17-0.31. Olivine is the only obvious megacryst mineral present. One microdiamond was recovered from caustic fusion of a 45-kg sample. Upper-mantle xenoliths up to 70 cm size are abundant and are some of the largest known garnet peridotite xenoliths in North America. The xenolith suite is dominated by dunites, and harzburgites containing garnet and/or spinel. Granulites are rare and eclogites are absent. Among 153 xenoliths, 7% are lherzolites, 61% are harzburgites, 31% are dunites, and 1% are orthopyroxenites. Three of 30 peridotite xenoliths that were analysed are low-Ca garnet-spinel harzburgites containing G10 garnets. Xenolith textures are mainly coarse granular, and only 5% are porphyroclastic. Xenolith modal mineralogy and mineral compositions indicate ancient major-element depletion as observed in other Wyoming craton xenolith assemblages, followed by younger enrichment events evidenced by tectonized or undeformed veins of orthopyroxenite, clinopyroxenite, websterite, and the presence of phlogopite-bearing veins and disseminated phlogopite. Phlogopite-bearing veins may represent kimberlite-related addition and/or earlier K-metasomatism. Xenolith thermobarometry using published two-pyroxene and Al-in-opx methods suggest that garnet-spinel peridotites are derived from 1180 to 1390 degreesC and 3.6 to 4.7 GPa, close to the diamond-graphite boundary and above a 38 mW/m(2) shield geotherm. Low-Ca garnet-spinel harzburgites with G10 garnets fall in about the same T and P range. Most spinel peridotites with assumed 2.0 GPa pressure are in the game T range, possibly indicating heating of the shallow mantle. Four of 79 Cr diopside xenocrysts have P-T estimates in the diamond stability field using published single-pyroxene P-T calculation methods. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA USA. RP Hearn, BC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA USA. EM chearn@usgs.gov NR 45 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0024-4937 J9 LITHOS JI Lithos PD SEP PY 2004 VL 77 IS 1-4 BP 473 EP 491 DI 10.1016/j.lithos.2004.04.030 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 856DE UT WOS:000224023000031 ER PT J AU Boyd, FR Pearson, DG Hoal, KO Hoal, BG Nixon, PH Kingston, MJ Mertzman, SA AF Boyd, FR Pearson, DG Hoal, KO Hoal, BG Nixon, PH Kingston, MJ Mertzman, SA TI Garnet lherzolites from Louwrensia, Namibia: bulk composition and P/T relations SO LITHOS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Kimberlite Conference CY JUN 22-27, 2003 CL Victoria, CANADA DE xenolith; mantle; Namibia; lithosphere; geotherms; peridotite; Kaapvaal ID RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS; UPPER-MANTLE; PERIDOTITE XENOLITHS; LITHOSPHERIC MANTLE; KAAPVAAL CRATON; SOUTHERN AFRICA; KIMBERLITES; METASOMATISM; CRYSTALLIZATION; GEOTHERMOMETER AB Bulk, mineral and trace element analyses of garnet lherzolite xenoliths from the Louwrensia kimberlite pipe, south-central Namibia, together with previously published Re-Os isotopic data [Chem. Geol. (2004)], form the most extensive set of chemical data for off-craton suites from southern Africa. The Louwrensia suite is similar to those from the Kaapvaal craton in that it includes both predominantly coarse-grained, equant-textured peridotites characterised by equilibration temperatures <1100 degreesC and variably defonned peridotites, frequently sheared, with higher equilibration temperatures >1200 degreesC. Redepletion ages range back to 2.1 Gy, concordant with the age of the crustal basement and about I Gy younger than the older peridotites of the adjacent Kaapvaal craton root. The coarse, low-temperature Louwrensia peridotites have an average Mg number for olivine of 91.6 in comparison to 92.6 for low-temperature peridotites from the craton. Orthopyroxene content averages 24 wt.% with a range of 11-40 wt.% for Louwrensia low-temperature peridotites, in comparison to a mean of 31.5 wt.% and a range of 11-44 wt.% for low-temperature peridotites from the Kaapvaal craton. Other major, minor and trace element concentrations in minerals forming Louwrensia lherzolites are more similar to values in corresponding Kaapvaal peridotite minerals than to those in lithospheric peridotites of Phanerozoic age as represented by off-craton basalt-hosted xenoliths and orogenic peridotites. Proportions of clinopyroxene and garnet in both the Louwrensia and Kaapvaal lherzolites overlap in the range up to 10 wt.% forming a trend extending towards pyrolite composition. Disequilibrium element partitioning between clinopyroxene and garnet for some incompatible trace elements is evidence that some of the trend is caused by enrichment following depletion. The disequilibrium is interpreted to have been caused by relatively recent growth of diopside, as previously suggested for cratonic peridotites. Attempts to constrain the depth of melting required to produce the Louwrensia peridotites suggests formation at pressures < 3 GPa. Estimates of temperature and depth of equilibration for low-temperature Louwrensia lherzolites yield a trend that is in approximate agreement with the average geotherm for the Kaapvaal craton and may indicate that the lithospheric mantle beneath this region was at one time as thick as that beneath the craton (>200 km). Temperature-depth plots for the high-temperature Louwrensia rocks, however, form pronounced, apparent higher-temperature thermal anomalies at depths of 140 km and above. These anomalies are believed to reflect regional igneous activity, perhaps associated with thermal erosion of an originally thicker lithosphere, a short time prior to eruption. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Durham, Dept Earth Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England. Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Hazen Res Inc, Golden, CO 80403 USA. Soc Econ Geologists, Littleton, CO 80127 USA. Univ Leeds, Sch Earth Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. Franklin & Marshall Coll, Dept Geol, Lancaster, PA 17604 USA. RP Pearson, DG (reprint author), Univ Durham, Dept Earth Sci, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England. EM d.g.pearson@durham.ac.uk NR 54 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0024-4937 J9 LITHOS JI Lithos PD SEP PY 2004 VL 77 IS 1-4 BP 573 EP 592 DI 10.1016/j.lithos.2004.03.010 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 856DE UT WOS:000224023000038 ER PT J AU Cohen, BA James, OB Taylor, LA Nazarov, MA Barsukova, LD AF Cohen, BA James, OB Taylor, LA Nazarov, MA Barsukova, LD TI Lunar highland meteorite Dhofar 026 and Apollo sample 15418: Two strongly shocked, partially melted, granulitic breccias SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID IMPACT MELTS; CRUST; ACHONDRITES; MASKELYNITE; PRESSURES; APOLLO-16; CHEMISTRY; PETROLOGY; HISTORY; SURFACE AB Studies of lunar meteorite Dhofar 026, and comparison to Apollo sample 15418, indicate that Dhofar 026 is a strongly shocked granulitic breccia (or a fragmental breccia consisting almost entirely of granulitic breccia clasts) that experienced considerable post-shock heating, probably as a result of diffusion of heat into the rock from an external, hotter source. The shock converted plagioclase to maskelynite, indicating that the shock pressure was between 30 and 45 GPa. The post-shock heating raised the rock's temperature to about 1200 degreesC; as a result, the maskelynite devitrified, and extensive partial melting took place. The melting was concentrated in pyroxene-rich areas; all pyroxene melted. As the rock cooled, the partial melts crystallized with fine-grained, subophitic-poikilitic textures. Sample 15418 is a strongly shocked granulitic breccia, that had a similar history, but evidence for this history is better preserved than in Dhofar 026. The fact that Dhofar 026 was previously interpreted as an impact melt breccia underscores the importance of detailed petrographic study in interpretation of lunar rocks that have complex textures. The name "impact melt" has, in past studies, been applied only to rocks in which the melt fraction formed by shock-induced total fusion. Recently, however, this name has also been applied to rocks containing melt formed by heating of the rocks by conductive beat transfer, assuming that impact is the ultimate source of the heat. We urge that the name "impact melt" be restricted to rocks in which the bulk of the melt formed by shock-induced fusion to avoid confusion engendered by applying the same name to rocks melted by different processes. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. Univ Tennessee, Planetary Geosci Inst, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Vernadsky Inst Geochem & Analyt Chem, Moscow 199991, Russia. RP James, OB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. EM ojames@usgs.gov NR 67 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 39 IS 9 BP 1419 EP 1447 PG 29 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 856MR UT WOS:000224049800001 ER PT J AU Shaffer, HB Fellers, GM Voss, SR Oliver, JC Pauly, GB AF Shaffer, HB Fellers, GM Voss, SR Oliver, JC Pauly, GB TI Species boundaries, phylogeography and conservation genetics of the red-legged frog (Rana aurora/draytonii) complex SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conservation genetics; cytochrome b; declining amphibian; Pacific Northwest phylogeography; Rana aurora; Rana draytonii ID NORTH-AMERICAN FROGS; GENUS RANA; UV-B; AURORA; SYSTEMATICS; EVOLUTION; BOYLII; FLOW; POPULATIONS; HYPOTHESES AB The red-legged frog, Rana aurora, has been recognized as both a single, polytypic species and as two distinct species since its original description 150 years ago. It is currently recognized as one species with two geographically contiguous subspecies, aurora and draytonii; the latter is protected under the US Endangered Species Act. We present the results of a survey of 50 populations of red-legged frogs from across their range plus four outgroup species for variation in a phylogenetically informative, similar to400 base pairs (bp) fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Our mtDNA analysis points to several major results. (1) In accord with several other lines of independent evidence, aurora and draytonii are each diagnosably distinct, evolutionary lineages; the mtDNA data indicate that they do not constitute a monophyletic group, but rather that aurora and R. cascadae from the Pacific northwest are sister taxa; (2) the range of the draytonii mtDNA clade extends about 100 km further north in coastal California than was previously suspected, and corresponds closely with the range limits or phylogeographical breaks of several codistributed taxa; (3) a narrow zone of overlap exists in southern Mendocino County between aurora and draytonii haplotypes, rather than a broad intergradation zone; and (4) the critically endangered population of draytonii in Riverside County, CA forms a distinct clade with frogs from Baja California, Mexico. The currently available evidence favours recognition of aurora and draytonii as separate species with a narrow zone of overlap in northern California. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sect Evolut & Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Populat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USGS, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Biol, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Univ Arizona, Interdisciplinary Program Insect Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Texas, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Shaffer, HB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sect Evolut & Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM hbshaffer@ucdavis.edu NR 52 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 30 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 13 IS 9 BP 2667 EP 2677 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02285.x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 846CA UT WOS:000223291200014 PM 15315679 ER PT J AU Ostberg, CO Slatton, SL Rodriguez, RJ AF Ostberg, CO Slatton, SL Rodriguez, RJ TI Spatial partitioning and asymmetric hybridization among sympatric coastal steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus), coastal cutthroat trout (O-clarki clarki) and interspecific hybrids SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cutthroat trout; ecological segregation; hybridization; species-specific markers; selection; steelhead ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; NATURAL HYBRIDIZATION; RAINBOW-TROUT; BROWN TROUT; ATLANTIC SALMON; SOCKEYE-SALMON; BULL-TROUT; INTROGRESSIVE HYBRIDIZATION; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; LITTORINA-SAXATILIS AB Hybridization between sympatric species provides unique opportunities to examine the contrast between mechanisms that promote hybridization and maintain species integrity. We surveyed hybridization between sympatric coastal steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus) and coastal cutthroat trout (O. clarki clarki) from two streams in Washington State, Olsen Creek (256 individuals sampled) and Jansen Creek (431 individuals sampled), over a 3-year period. We applied 11 O. mykiss-specific nuclear markers, 11 O. c. clarki-specific nuclear markers and a mitochondrial DNA marker to assess spatial partitioning among species and hybrids and determine the directionality of hybridization. F-1 and post-F-1 hybrids, respectively, composed an average of 1.2% and 33.6% of the population sampled in Jansen Creek, and 5.9% and 30.4% of the population sampled in Olsen Creek. A modest level of habitat partitioning among species and hybrids was detected. Mitochondrial DNA analysis indicated that all F-1 hybrids (15 from Olsen Creek and five from Jansen Creek) arose from matings between steelhead females and cutthroat males implicating a sneak spawning behaviour by cutthroat males. First-generation cutthroat backcrosses contained O. c. clarki mtDNA more often than expected suggesting natural selection against F-1 hybrids. More hybrids were backcrossed toward cutthroat than steelhead and our results indicate recurrent hybridization within these creeks. Age analysis demonstrated that hybrids were between 1 and 4 years old. These results suggest that within sympatric salmonid hybrid zones, exogenous processes (environmentally dependent factors) help to maintain the distinction between parental types through reduced fitness of hybrids within parental environments while divergent natural selection promotes parental types through distinct adaptive advantages of parental phenotypes. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Ostberg, CO (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM carl_ostberg@usgs.gov NR 86 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 13 IS 9 BP 2773 EP 2788 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02268.x PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 846CA UT WOS:000223291200023 PM 15315688 ER PT J AU King, TL Eackles, MS AF King, TL Eackles, MS TI Microsatellite DNA markers for the study of horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) population structure SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE horseshoe crab; Limulus polyphemus; microsatellites ID GENETIC-VARIATION AB Twenty-two microsatellite DNA loci were identified and characterized for horseshoe crabs (Limulus polyphemus) collected from two Atlantic coast and one Gulf of Mexico site. These markers revealed a high degree of genetic diversity (8-35 alleles per locus), heterozygosity (25.0% to 100.0%), and allelic heterogeneity (69.8% of comparisons). Considerable regional differentiation was observed as genetic distances (chord) ranged between 0.25 and 0.45, and all F-ST values (0.014-0.092) were significant. These preliminary findings are consistent with patterns of regional differentiation observed using allozyme variation and contradictory to findings of limited gene flow reported for sequence variation at the mitochondrial DNA COI region. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP King, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM tim_king@usgs.gov NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD SEP PY 2004 VL 4 IS 3 BP 394 EP 396 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2004.00663.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 850YC UT WOS:000223649300024 ER PT J AU Marshall, CH Pielke, RA Steyaert, LT AF Marshall, CH Pielke, RA Steyaert, LT TI Has the conversion of natural wetlands to agricultural land increased the incidence and severity of damaging freezes in south Florida? SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID OSCILLATION; ATMOSPHERE; PATTERNS; WEATHER; FLUXES; CITRUS; MODELS; SEASON AB On several occasions, winter freezes have wrought severe destruction on Florida agriculture. A series of devastating freezes around the turn of the twentieth century, and again during the 1980s, were related to anomalies in the large-scale flow of the ocean-atmosphere system. During the twentieth century, substantial areas of wetlands in south Florida were drained and converted to agricultural land for winter fresh vegetable and sugarcane production. During this time, much of the citrus industry also was relocated to those areas to escape the risk of freeze farther to the north. The purpose of this paper is to present a modeling study designed to investigate whether the conversion of the wetlands to agriculture itself could have resulted in or exacerbated the severity of recent freezes in those agricultural areas of south Florida. For three recent freeze events, a pair of simulations was undertaken with the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System. One member of each pair employed land surface properties that represent pre-1900s (near natural) land cover, whereas the other member of each pair employed data that represent near-current land-use patterns as derived from analysis of Landsat data valid for 1992/93. These two different land cover datasets capture well the conversion of wetlands to agriculture in south Florida during the twentieth century. Use of current land surface properties resulted in colder simulated minimum temperatures and temperatures that remained below freezing for a longer period at locations of key agricultural production centers in south Florida that were once natural wetlands. Examination of time series of the surface energy budget from one of the cases reveals that when natural land cover is used, a persistent moisture flux from the underlying wetlands during the nighttime hours served to prevent the development of below-freezing temperatures at those same locations. When the model results were subjected to an important sensitivity factor, the depth of standing water in the wetlands, the outcome remained consistent. These results provide another example of the potential for humans to perturb the climate system in ways that can have severe socioeconomic consequences by altering the land surface alone. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Marshall, CH (reprint author), NCEP Environm Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd,Rm 207, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Curtis.Marshall@noaa.gov RI Pielke, Roger/A-5015-2009 NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 132 IS 9 BP 2243 EP 2258 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<2243:HTCONW>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 850JA UT WOS:000223606000006 ER PT J AU Scott, JM Loveland, T Gergely, K Strittholt, J Staus, N AF Scott, JM Loveland, T Gergely, K Strittholt, J Staus, N TI National wildlife refuge system: Ecological context and integrity SO NATURAL RESOURCES JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Managing Biological Integrity, Diversity, and Environmental Health in the National Wildlife Refuges CY MAR, 2004 CL Bloomington, IN ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; ECOREGIONS AB The Refuge Improvement Act of 1997 established a statutory mission and management standards for the National Wildlife Refuge system. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service subsequently issued a policy for ensuring the biological integrity, diversity, and environmental health of the system. This policy requires understanding the management objectives of each refuge in a local, regional, and national context. An assessment of the refuge system in a national and regional context reveals that refuges are typically smaller than many conservation holdings and are unevenly distributed across the conterminous U.S. Western rangelands, coastal wetlands, and northern grasslands; wetlands are the best-represented ecosystems, while temperate forests have the poorest representation. In contrast to other agency holdings or management designations in the national protected areas network (e.g., national parks, national forests, wilderness areas), refuges tend to occupy sites at lower elevations and that have higher productivity and soil quality. This difference points to the important contribution of the refuges in providing much needed ecological balance within the national protected areas network. However, the ecological integrity of the refuge system is challenged by the proximity of individual refuges to development. Overall, the refuges are becoming islands in a landscape matrix of urban and agricultural development. This creates future challenges for meeting management objectives to ensure the biological integrity, diversity, and environmental health of the system. If the policy to ensure biological integrity, diversity, and environmental health of the refuge system is to be successful, it may be more important to address issues about what happens on adjacent lands than uses within refuges. C1 Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Coll Nat Resources, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Univ Idaho, Cooperat Res Unit, Coll Nat Resources, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. US Geol Survey, Gap Anal Program, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Gergely, K (reprint author), Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Coll Nat Resources, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM gergely@usgs.gov NR 27 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 7 PU UNIV NEW MEXICO PI ALBUQUERQUE PA SCHOOL OF LAW 1117 STANFORD N E, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87131 USA SN 0028-0739 J9 NAT RESOUR J JI Nat. Resour. J. PD FAL PY 2004 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1041 EP 1066 PG 26 WC Environmental Studies; Law SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Government & Law GA 918QM UT WOS:000228562700006 ER PT J AU Mensik, JG Paveglio, FL AF Mensik, JG Paveglio, FL TI Biological integrity, diversity, and environmental health policy and the attainment of refuge purposes: A Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge case study SO NATURAL RESOURCES JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Managing Biological Integrity, Diversity, and Environmental Health in the National Wildlife Refuges CY MAR, 2004 CL Bloomington, IN AB National Wildlife Refuges are established with a range of management purposes as a result of a variety of acquisition authorities including legislative mandate, executive order, and establishing memorandum. The National Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act of 1997 mandates that each refuge shall be managed to fulfill the System mission and its establishing purposes, as well as to maintain the System's overall biological integrity diversity, and environmental health. We offer the Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge as a case study demonstrating the challenges a refuge staff faces when implementing management practices that achieve refuge purposes while also maintaining and, where appropriate, restoring biological integrity diversity and environmental health as well as complying with a multitude of other legislative mandates and policies. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Willows, CA 95988 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Refuge Operat Support, Branch Refuge Biol, Vancouver, WA 98665 USA. RP Mensik, JG (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sacramento Natl Wildlife Refuge Complex,752 Crt R, Willows, CA 95988 USA. EM Greg_Mensik@r1.fws.gov; Fred_Paveglio@r1.fws.gov NR 60 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV NEW MEXICO PI ALBUQUERQUE PA SCHOOL OF LAW 1117 STANFORD N E, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87131 USA SN 0028-0739 J9 NAT RESOUR J JI Nat. Resour. J. PD FAL PY 2004 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1161 EP 1183 PG 23 WC Environmental Studies; Law SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Government & Law GA 918QM UT WOS:000228562700011 ER PT J AU Schroeder, RL Holler, JI Taylor, JP AF Schroeder, RL Holler, JI Taylor, JP TI Managing national wildlife refuges for historic or non-historic conditions: Determining the role of the refuge in the ecosystem SO NATURAL RESOURCES JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Managing Biological Integrity, Diversity, and Environmental Health in the National Wildlife Refuges CY MAR, 2004 CL Bloomington, IN ID RIO-GRANDE; COMMUNITIES; MEXICO; BOSQUE AB The 1997 Refuge Improvement Act mandates that National Wildlife Refuges (NWR) develop Comprehensive Conservation Plans and that the Refuge System be administered in a manner that ensures the biological integrity, diversity, and environmental health of the System are maintained. Refuges must determine their role in the landscape and decide if refuge lands will be managed for historic or non-historic conditions. This decision should be based on an understanding of the Refuge Purpose and supported by available science. Case studies for Sherburne NWR and Bosque del Apache NWR illustrate two possible approaches to determining future management. C1 US Forest Serv, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sherburne Natl Wildlife Refuge, Zimmerman, MN 55398 USA. RP Schroeder, RL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Rick_Schroeder@usgs.gov; Jeanne_Holler@fws.gov NR 49 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU UNIV NEW MEXICO PI ALBUQUERQUE PA SCHOOL OF LAW 1117 STANFORD N E, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87131 USA SN 0028-0739 J9 NAT RESOUR J JI Nat. Resour. J. PD FAL PY 2004 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1185 EP 1210 PG 26 WC Environmental Studies; Law SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Government & Law GA 918QM UT WOS:000228562700012 ER PT J AU Owen, SF Menzel, MA Edwards, JW Ford, WM Menzel, JM Chapman, BR Wood, PB Miller, KV AF Owen, SF Menzel, MA Edwards, JW Ford, WM Menzel, JM Chapman, BR Wood, PB Miller, KV TI Bat activity in harvested and intact forest stands in the allegheny mountains SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE Anabat; Appalachians; bat activity; riparian forests; timber harvest ID LONG-EARED BAT; INSECTIVOROUS BATS; ECHOLOCATION CALLS; MYOTIS-SODALIS; CENTRAL APPALACHIANS; INDUSTRIAL FOREST; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; ACTIVITY PATTERNS; HABITAT USE; BIG BROWN AB We used Anabat acoustical monitoring devices to examine bat activity in intact canopy forests, complex canopy forests with gaps, forests subjected to diameter-limit harvests, recent deferment harvests, clearcuts and unmanaged forested riparian areas in the Allegheny Mountains of West Virginia in the summer of 1999. We detected eight species of bats, including the endangered Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis). Most bat activity was concentrated in forested riparian areas. Among upland habitats, activity of silver-haired bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans) and hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus) was higher in open, less cluttered vegetative types such as recent deferment harvests and clearcuts. Our results suggest that bat species in the central Appalachians partially segregate themselves among vegetative conditions based on differences in body morphology and echolocation call characteristics. From the standpoint of conserving bat foraging habitat for the maximum number of species in the central Appalachians, special emphasis should be placed on protecting forested riparian areas. C1 W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. Sam Houston State Univ, Coll Arts & Sci, Huntsville, TX 77341 USA. W Virginia Univ, USGS Biol Resources Div, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Owen, SF (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM mford@fs.fed.us NR 58 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 26 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 21 IS 3 BP 154 EP 159 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 857JL UT WOS:000224112400006 ER PT J AU Peck, R Niwa, CG AF Peck, R Niwa, CG TI Longer-term effects of selective thinning on carabid beetles and spiders in the Cascade Mountains of southern Oregon SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN CONIFEROUS FOREST; LITTER; COLEOPTERA; PREDATION; ARANEAE; DECOMPOSITION; COMMUNITIES; ASSEMBLAGES; MANIPULATION; LEPIDOPTERA AB Within late-successional forests of the Cascade Mountains of southern Oregon, abundances of carabid beetles (Carabidae) and spiders (Araneae) from pitfall traps were compared between stands thinned 16-41 years prior and nearby unthinned stands. Species richness of both taxa were moderate for coniferous forests of this region, with 12 carabid beetle species and >120 spider species collected. No differences in total abundance or species richness were found between stand types for carabid beetles, although abundances of four of the six most common species differed significantly. Pterostichus setosus, the most abundant species collected, was significantly more abundant in unthinned stands, while Omus cazieri, P. lama, and Carabus taedatus were more numerous in thinned stands. In contrast, both total spider abundance and species richness were significantly higher in thinned stands. Hunting spiders within the families Lycosidae and Gnaphosidae, and the funnel web-building Dictynidae were captured more often in thinned stands while sheet web spiders within Linyphiidae and Hahniidae were more abundant in unthinned stands. The forest floor within unthinned stands was structurally more diverse than in thinned stands, but this did not lead to greater overall abundance or diversity of either carabid beetles or spiders. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Peck, R (reprint author), USGS, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Kilauea Field Stn,POB 44,Hawaii Natl Pk, Kilauea, HI 96718 USA. EM Robert_Peck@usgs.gov NR 54 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD FAL PY 2004 VL 78 IS 4 BP 267 EP 277 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 897OG UT WOS:000227013900001 ER PT J AU Antolos, M Roby, DD Collis, K AF Antolos, M Roby, DD Collis, K TI Breeding ecology of Caspian terns at colonies on the Columbia plateau SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE SALMONIDS; RIVER; DIET AB We investigated the breeding ecology and diet of Caspian terns on the Columbia Plateau in southeastern Washington and northeastern Oregon. We examined trends in colony size and area during 1996-2001, and estimated number of breeding pairs, nesting density, fledging success, and diet composition at selected colony sites in 2000 and 2001. We found six tern colonies totaling similar to1.000 breeding pairs, ranging in size from < 50 to nearly 700 pairs. Predation by mink caused complete abandonment of one of these colonies in 2000 and 2001. The relocation of similar to9,000 Caspian tern breeding pairs from Rice Island to East Sand Island in the Columbia River estuary did not result in an obvious increase in the number of tern breeding pairs on the Columbia Plateau during the study period. The majority of Caspian tern prey items at colonies on the mid-Columbia River consisted of juvenile salmonids. At a colony in Potholes Reservoir, Washington, Caspian terns commuted over 100 km round-trip to the Columbia River to forage on juvenile salmonids, suggesting that locally abundant food may be limiting. High nesting densities at other mid-Columbia River colonies suggest that availability of breeding habitat may limit colony size. The small size of Caspian tern colonies on the Columbia Plateau, and possible constraints on availability of suitable nesting habitat within the study area, suggest that the level of predation on ESA-listed juvenile salmonids in this region will likely remain well below that currently observed in the Columbia River estuary. C1 Oregon State Univ, USGS Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Roby, DD (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, USGS Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 104 Nah Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Daniel.Roby@orst.edu RI Kappes, Michelle/B-7139-2008 NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD FAL PY 2004 VL 78 IS 4 BP 303 EP 312 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 897OG UT WOS:000227013900005 ER PT J AU McIntyre, PB Baldwin, S Flecker, AS AF McIntyre, PB Baldwin, S Flecker, AS TI Effects of behavioral and morphological plasticity on risk of predation in a Neotropical tadpole SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE phenotypic plasticity; pigmentation; anuran; Rana palmipes; Belostoma ID LARVAL ANURANS; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; TAIL SHAPE; SELECTION; PREY; RESPONSES; SIZE; PERFORMANCE; HABITAT; FROGS AB Predator-induced phenotypic plasticity is widespread among aquatic animals, however the relative contributions of behavioral and morphological shifts to reducing risk of predation remain uncertain. We tested the phenotypic plasticity of a Neotropical tadpole (Rana palmipes) in response to chemical cues from predatory Belostoma water bugs, and how phenotype affects risk of predation. Behavior, morphology, and pigmentation all were plastic, resulting in a predator-induced phenotype with lower activity, deeper tail fin and muscle, and darker pigmentation. Tadpoles in the predator cue treatment also grew more rapidly, possibly as a result of the nutrient subsidy from feeding the caged predator. For comparison to phenotypes induced in the experiment, we quantified the phenotype of tadpoles from a natural pool. Wild-caught tadpoles did not match either experimentally induced phenotype; their morphology was more similar to that produced in the control treatment, but their low swimming activity was similar to that induced by predator cues. Exposure of tadpoles from both experimental treatments and the natural pool to a free-ranging predator confirmed that predator-induced phenotypic plasticity reduces risk of predation. Risk of predation was comparable among wild-caught and predator-induced tadpoles, indicating that behavioral shifts can substantially alleviate risk in tadpoles that lack the typical suite of predator-induced morphological traits. The morphology observed in wild-caught tadpoles is associated with rapid growth and high competition in other tadpole species, suggesting that tadpoles may profitably combine a morphology suited to competition for food with behaviors that minimize risk of predation. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Field Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP McIntyre, PB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Corson Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM pbm3@cornell.edu NR 68 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD SEP PY 2004 VL 141 IS 1 BP 130 EP 138 DI 10.1007/s00442-004-1652-x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 849SC UT WOS:000223560000015 PM 15278431 ER PT J AU O'Connor, JE AF O'Connor, JE TI The evolving landscape of the Columbia River Gorge - Lewis and Clark and cataclysms on the Columbia SO OREGON HISTORICAL QUARTERLY LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, Portland, OR USA. RP O'Connor, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Portland, OR USA. NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU OREGON HISTORICAL SOC PI PORTLAND PA 1230 SW PARK AVE, PORTLAND, OR 97205 USA SN 0030-4727 J9 OREG HIST QUART JI Oregon Hist. Q. PD FAL PY 2004 VL 105 IS 3 BP 390 EP 421 PG 32 WC History SC History GA 954AE UT WOS:000231125700003 ER PT J AU Dartnell, P Gardner, JV AF Dartnell, P Gardner, JV TI Predicting seafloor facies from multibeam bathymetry and backscatter data SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SIDE-SCAN SONAR; SANTA-MONICA BAY; ACOUSTIC BACKSCATTER; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; MARINE HABITATS; CLASSIFICATION; CALIFORNIA; IMAGERY; BOTTOM; ZONE AB An empirical technique has been developed that is used to predict seafloor facies from multibeam bathymetry and acoustic backscatter data collected in central Santa Monica Bay, California. A supervised classification used backscatter and sediment data to classify the area into zones of rock, gravelly-muddy sand, muddy sand, and mud. The derivative facies map was used to develop rules on a more sophisticated hierarchical decision-tree classification. The classification used four images, the acoustic-backscatter image, together with three variance images derived from the bathymetry and backscatter data. The classification predicted the distribution of seafloor facies of rock, gravelly-muddy sand, muddy sand and mud. An accuracy assessment based on sediment samples shows the predicted seafloor facies map is 72 percent accurate. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Dartnell, P (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS-999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM pdartnell@usgs.gov; jim@ccom.unh.edu RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611 NR 30 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 70 IS 9 BP 1081 EP 1091 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 851FP UT WOS:000223671300010 ER PT J AU Dean, W Pride, C Thunell, R AF Dean, W Pride, C Thunell, R TI Geochemical cycles in sediments deposited on the slopes of the Guaymas and Carmen Basins of the Gulf of California over the last 180 years SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER; ACCUMULATION RATES; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; NORTH PACIFIC; DEEP-SEA; VARIABILITY; CARBON; OCEAN; PRESERVATION; OSCILLATION AB Sediments deposited on the slopes of the Guaymas and Carmen Basins in the central Gulf of California were recovered in two box cores. Q-mode factor analyses identified detrital-clastic, carbonate, and redox associations in the elemental composition of these sediments. The detrital-clastic fraction appears to contain two source components, a more mafic component presumably derived from the Sierra Madre Occidental along the west coast of Mexico, and a more felsic component most likely derived from sedimentary rocks (mostly sandstones) of the Colorado Plateau and delivered by the Colorado River. The sediments also contain significant siliceous biogenic components and minor calcareous biogenic components, but those components were not quantified in this study. Redox associations were identified in both cores based on relatively high concentrations of molybdenum, which is indicative of deposition under conditions of sulfate reduction. Decreases in concentrations of molybdenum in younger sediments suggest that the bottom waters of the Gulf have became more oxygenated over the last 100 years. Many geochemical components in both box cores exhibit distinct cyclicity with periodicities of 10-20 years. The most striking are 20-year cycles in the more mafic components (e.g., titanium), particularly in sediments deposited during the 19th century. In that century, the titanium cycles are in very good agreement with warm phases of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, implying that at times of greater influx of titanium-rich volcanic debris, there were more El Ninos and higher winter precipitation. The cycles are interpreted as due to greater and lesser riverine influx of volcanic rock debris from the Sierra Madre. There is also spectral evidence for periodicities of 4-8 and 8-16 years, suggesting that the delivery of detrital-clastic material is responding to some multiannual (ENSO?) forcing. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Savannah State Univ, Marine Sci Program, Savannah, GA 31404 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP US Geol Survey, MS 980 Fed Ctr,POB 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM dean@usgs.gov NR 48 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 23 IS 16-17 BP 1817 EP 1833 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.03.010 PG 17 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 846II UT WOS:000223308800007 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, CE Nielsen, JL AF Zimmerman, CE Nielsen, JL TI Introduction SO REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; ATLANTIC SALMON; FARM SALMON; WILD POPULATIONS; GENETIC CHANGES; COHO SALMON; HATCHERY; GROWTH; BEHAVIOR; TROUT C1 USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Zimmerman, CE (reprint author), USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM czimmerman@usgs.gov OI Zimmerman, Christian/0000-0002-3646-0688 NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3166 J9 REV FISH BIOL FISHER JI Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 14 IS 3 BP 301 EP 303 DI 10.1007/s11160-005-3618-4 PG 3 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 934YT UT WOS:000229746200001 ER PT J AU Ruggerone, GT Nielsen, JL AF Ruggerone, GT Nielsen, JL TI Evidence for competitive dominance of Pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) over other Salmonids in the North Pacific Ocean SO REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Fisheries-Society CY 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Fisheries Soc DE climate change; competition; food web; growth; North Pacific Ocean; salmon; survival ID SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; CHUM SALMON; SOCKEYE-SALMON; JUVENILE PINK; COHO SALMON; BERING SEA; O-NERKA; CLIMATE; KETA; ABUNDANCE AB Relatively little is known about fish species interactions in offshore areas of the worlds' oceans because adequate experimental controls are typically unavailable in such vast areas. However, pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) are numerous and have an alternating-year pattern of abundance that provides a natural experimental control to test for interspecific competition in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea. Since a number of studies have recently examined pink salmon interactions with other salmon, we reviewed them in an effort to describe patterns of interaction over broad regions of the ocean. Research consistently indicated that pink salmon significantly altered prey abundance of other salmon species (e.g., zooplankton, squid), leading to altered diet, reduced total prey consumption and growth, delayed maturation, and reduced survival, depending on species and locale. Reduced survival was observed in chum salmon (O. keta) and Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) originating from Puget Sound and in Bristol Bay sockeye salmon (O. nerka). Growth of pink salmon was not measurably affected by other salmon species, but their growth was sometimes inversely related to their own abundance. In all marine studies, pink salmon affected other species through exploitation of prey resources rather than interference. Interspecific competition was observed in nearshore and offshore waters of the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea, and one study documented competition between species originating from different continents. Climate change had variable effects on competition. In the North Pacific Ocean, competition was observed before and after the ocean regime shift in 1977 that significantly altered abundances of many marine species, whereas a study in the Pacific Northwest reported a shift from predation- to competition-based mortality in response to the 1982/1983 El Nino. Key traits of pink salmon that influenced competition with other salmonids included great abundance, high consumption rates and rapid growth, degree of diet overlap or consumption of lower trophic level prey, and early migration timing into the ocean. The consistent pattern of findings from multiple regions of the ocean provides evidence that interspecific competition can significantly influence salmon population dynamics and that pink salmon may be the dominant competitor among salmon in marine waters. C1 Nat Resources Consultants Inc, Seattle, WA 98119 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Biol Sci Off, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Ruggerone, GT (reprint author), Nat Resources Consultants Inc, Seattle, WA 98119 USA. EM GRuggerone@nrccorp.com; jennifer_niel-sen@usgs.gov NR 83 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3166 EI 1573-5184 J9 REV FISH BIOL FISHER JI Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 14 IS 3 BP 371 EP 390 DI 10.1007/s11160-004-6927-0 PG 20 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 934YT UT WOS:000229746200006 ER PT J AU Montenegro, G Ginocchio, R Segura, A Keely, JE Gomez, M AF Montenegro, G Ginocchio, R Segura, A Keely, JE Gomez, M TI Fire regimes and vegetation responses in two Mediterranean-climate regions SO REVISTA CHILENA DE HISTORIA NATURAL LA English DT Article DE human impacts; plant regeneration; matorral; chaparral ID PLANT-DERIVED SMOKE; SEED-GERMINATION; CENTRAL CHILE; CALIFORNIA AB Wildfires resulting from thunderstorms are common in some Mediterranean-climate regions, such as southern California, and have played an important role in the ecology and evolution of the flora. Mediterranean-climate regions are major centers for human population and thus anthropogenic impacts on fire regimes may have important consequences on these plant formations. However. changes in fire regimes may have different impacts on Mediterranean type-ecosystems depending on the capability of plants to respond to such perturbations. Therefore, we compare here fire regimes and vegetation responses of two Mediterranean-climate regions which differ in wildfire regimes and history of human occupation, the central zone of Chile (matorral) and the southern area of California in United States (chaparral). In Chile almost all fires result from anthropogenic activities, whereas lightning fires resulting from thunderstorms are frequent in California. In both regions fires are more frequent in summer, due to high accumulation of dry plant biomass for ignition. Humans have markedly increased fires frequency both in the matorral and chaparral, but extent of burned areas has remained unaltered, probably due to better fire suppression actions and a decline in the built-up of dry plant fuel associated to increased landscape fragmentation with less flammable agricultural and urban developments. As expected, post-fire plant regeneration responses differs between the matorral and chaparral due to differences in the importance of wild fires as a natural evolutionary force in the system. Plants from the chaparral show a broader range of post-fire regeneration responses than the matorral, from basal resprouting, to lignotuber resprouting, and to fire-stimulated germination and flowering with fire-specific clues such as heat shock, chemicals from smoke or charred wood. Plants from the matorral have some resprouting capabilities after fire, but these probably evolved from other environmental pressures, such as severe and long summer droughts. herbivory, and volcanism. Although both Mediterranean-type ecosystems have shown to be resilient to anthropogenic fires, increasing fire frequency may be an important factor that needs to be considered as it may result in strong negative effects on plant successional trends and on plant diversity. C1 Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Ciencias Vegetales, Fac Agron & Ingn Forestal, Santiago, Chile. Ctr Invest Mineras & Met, Santiago, Chile. Gest Ambiental, Santiago, Chile. Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. RP Montenegro, G (reprint author), Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Ciencias Vegetales, Fac Agron & Ingn Forestal, Avenida Vicuna Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile. EM gmonten@puc.cl NR 47 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 12 U2 37 PU SOCIEDAD BIOLGIA CHILE PI SANTIAGO PA CASILLA 16164, SANTIAGO 9, CHILE SN 0716-078X J9 REV CHIL HIST NAT JI Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 77 IS 3 BP 455 EP 464 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 857KC UT WOS:000224114200005 ER PT J AU Gale, WL Maule, AG Postera, A Peters, MH AF Gale, WL Maule, AG Postera, A Peters, MH TI Acute exposure to gas-supersaturated water does not affect reproductive success of female adult Chinook Salmon late in maturation SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE gas bubble trauma; salmon; reproduction; gas supersaturation; stress; disease ID RAINBOW-TROUT; RENIBACTERIUM-SALMONINARUM; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; COLUMBIA-RIVER; BUBBLE TRAUMA; SEX STEROIDS; BROWN TROUT; TRUTTA-L; STRESS; CORTISOL AB At times, total dissolved gas concentrations in the Columbia and Snake rivers have been elevated due to involuntary spill from high spring runoff and voluntary spill used as a method to pass juvenile salmonids over dams. The goal of this project was to determine if acute exposure to total dissolved gas supersaturation (TDGS) affects the reproductive performance of female chinook salmon late in their maturation. During this study, adult female spring chinook salmon were exposed to mean TDGS levels of 114.1% to 125.5%. We ended exposures at first mortality, or at the appearance of impending death. Based on this criterion, exposures lasted from 10 to 68 h and were inversely related to TDGS. There was no effect of TDGS on pre-spawning mortality or fecundity when comparing treatment fish to experimental controls or the general hatchery population four to six weeks after exposures. Egg quality, based on egg weight and egg diameter, did not differ between treatment and control fish. Fertilization rate and survival to eyed-stage was high (>94%) for all groups. With the exception of Renibacterium salmoninarum (the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease; BKD), no viral or bacterial fish pathogens were isolated from experimental fish. The prevalence (about 45%) and severity of R. salmoninarum did not differ among the groups or the general hatchery population. We conclude that these acute exposures to moderate levels of gas-supersaturated water-perhaps similar to that experienced by immigrating adult salmon as they approach and pass a hydropower dam on the Columbia River-did not affect reproductive success of female chinook salmon late in their maturation. These results are most applicable to summer and fall chinook salmon, which migrate in the summer/fall and spawn shortly after reaching their natal streams. Published in 2004 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lower Columbia Fish Hlth Lab, Underwood, WA 98651 USA. RP Maule, AG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM alec_maule@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 20 IS 5 BP 565 EP 576 DI 10.1002/rra.766 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 853PT UT WOS:000223840200006 ER PT J AU Custer, TW Cox, E Gray, B AF Custer, TW Cox, E Gray, B TI Trace elements in moose (Alices alces) found dead in Northwestern Minnesota, USA SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE cadmium; copper; liver; minnesota; moose; selenium ID COPPER DEFICIENCY; LIVER; DEER; MOLYBDENUM; KIDNEYS; ONTARIO; SULFUR AB The moose (Alces alces) population in bog and forest areas of Northwestern Minnesota has declined for more than 25 years, and more recently the decline is throughout Northwestern Minnesota. Both deficiencies and elevations in trace elements have been linked to the health of moose worldwide. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether trace element toxicity or deficiency may have contributed to the decline of moose in Northwestern Minnesota. Livers of 81 moose found dead in Northwestern Minnesota in 1998 and 1999 were analyzed for trace elements. With the exception of selenium (Se) and copper (Cu), trace elements were not at toxic or deficient levels based on criteria set for cattle. Selenium concentrations in moose livers based on criteria set for cattle were deficient in 3.7% of livers and at a chronic toxicity level in 16% of livers. Copper concentrations based on criteria set for cattle were deficient in 39.5% of livers, marginally deficient in 29.5% of livers and adequate in 31% of livers. Moose from agricultural areas had higher concentrations, on average, of Cd, Cu, Mo and Se in their livers than moose from bog and forest areas. Older moose had higher concentrations of Cd and Zn, and lower concentrations of Cu than younger moose. Copper deficiency, which has been associated with population declines of moose in Alaska and Sweden, may be a factor contributing to the decline of moose in Northwestern Minnesota. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Custer, TW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM tom_w_custer@usgs.gov OI Custer, Thomas/0000-0003-3170-6519 NR 26 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 330 IS 1-3 BP 81 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.03.019 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 849WS UT WOS:000223572800008 PM 15325160 ER PT J AU Bakun, WH Hopper, MG AF Bakun, WH Hopper, MG TI Historical seismic activity in the central United States SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MODIFIED MERCALLI INTENSITIES; MADRID EARTHQUAKES; MAGNITUDES; CHARLESTON; LOCATIONS; MISSOURI; REGION; ZONE C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA. RP Bakun, WH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM bakun@usgs.gov NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 75 IS 5 BP 564 EP 574 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 876VU UT WOS:000225527400002 ER PT J AU Frankel, A AF Frankel, A TI How can seismic hazard around the New Madrid seismic zone be similar to that in California? SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; EARTHQUAKE SOURCE SPECTRA; MOTION ATTENUATION RELATIONS; PEAK GROUND ACCELERATION; UNITED-STATES; MAGNITUDES; CHARLESTON; MODELS; INDIA; BHUJ C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Frankel, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 966,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM afrankel@usgs.gov NR 40 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 75 IS 5 BP 575 EP 586 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 876VU UT WOS:000225527400003 ER PT J AU Caldwell, CA Fuller, SA Gould, WR Turner, PR Hallford, DM AF Caldwell, CA Fuller, SA Gould, WR Turner, PR Hallford, DM TI Seasonal changes in 17-beta estradiol of the Rio Grande chub (Gila pandora) in south-central New Mexico SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; PHOTOPERIOD REGIMES; RAINBOW-TROUT; SEA BASS; FEMALE; CYCLE; TESTOSTERONE; RICHARDSON; HORMONE; CULTURE AB Timing of gametogensis and thus spawning can be inferred through changes in plasma concentrations of gonadal hormones. In preparation for ovulation and spawning, mean concentrations of 17beta-estradiol in a population of Rio Grande chub (Gila pandora) occupying the Rio Bonito, New Mexico, peaked at 37.6 ng/mL on 16 June and declined to 1.50 ng/mL by 11 August. Similarly, the gonadal somatic index (GSI) increased from 9.02 on 21 May (n = 9) to 11.85 on 16 June (n = 2) and declined to 6.10 on 11 August (n = 2). Peak concentrations of 17beta-estradiol and elevated GSI in June coincided with peak daylength for the year (14 h and 12 min) and average water temperature of 15.2degreesC. Concentrations of 17beta-estradiol remained low through 3 October indicating no additional spawning events in the Rio Grande chub population. We demonstrated 17beta-estradiol is a nondestructive and thus useful tool in estimating timing of spawning in a wild fish population. C1 US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Mora Natl Fish Hatchery & Teaching Ctr, Mora, NM 87732 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Ctr Stat, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Caldwell, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Box 30003 MSC 4901, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM ccaldwel@mnsu.edu NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 49 IS 3 BP 311 EP 315 DI 10.1894/0038-4909(2004)049<0311:SCIEOT>2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 854VW UT WOS:000223932700002 ER PT J AU Chipps, SR Wahl, DH AF Chipps, SR Wahl, DH TI Development and evaluation of a western mosquitofish bioenergetics model SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PERCH PERCA-FLAVESCENS; GAMBUSIA-AFFINIS; YELLOW PERCH; MICROPTERUS-SALMOIDES; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; ADVERSE ASSESSMENTS; FOOD-CONSUMPTION; LARGEMOUTH BASS; LIFE-HISTORY; RATION LEVEL AB We developed a bioenergetics model for the western mosquitofish Gambusia affinis by combining data on temperature-dependent feeding rates with published information on respiration, temperature tolerance, and reproduction. To corroborate the model, we compared bioenergetics estimates with independent observations from laboratory feeding and growth trials. The model was then applied to a western mosquitofish population in Illinois to estimate feeding rates on natural prey taxa, including mosquito (Culicidae) larvae. Laboratory feeding experiments revealed that western mosquitofish have a high feeding capacity. Maximum consumption rates were 0.25-1.06 g(.)g(-1.)d(-1) at water temperatures between 5degreesC and 40degreesC; the highest feeding rates were observed at 32degreesC. Bioenergetics estimates of food consumption agreed well with laboratory measurements across a wide range of water temperatures (10-35degreesC). However, for fish experiencing negligible growth, model estimates of food consumption were higher than actual values measured in the laboratory. We postulate that at very low feeding and growth rates, activity costs may be overestimated by the model. Field-derived bioenergetics estimates of total food consumption ranged from 0.18 to 0.31 g of dry weight and were similar to those obtained from an empirical model relating western mosquitofish feeding and growth rates (0.15-0.39 g dry weight). Based on model simulations, we estimated that a typical age-0 western mosquitofish consumed about 1.990 mosquito larvae (2-68 larvae/d) from August 22 to October 8, 1998. Because the diets of free-ranging western mosquitofish were diverse, field-based estimates of mosquito consumption were generally lower than those reported for laboratory experiments, in which fish were fed only mosquito larvae. By accounting for diet composition in free-ranging western mosquitofish, the bioenergetics approach provides more realistic estimates of mosquito consumption than laboratory feeding experiments. Given recent concerns over the spread of West Nile virus, the model developed here should prove useful for quantifying western mosquitofish consumption in the context of both mosquito control and potential impacts on nontarget organisms. C1 Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Ctr Aquat Ecol, Kinmundy, IL 62854 USA. Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Ctr Aquat Ecol, Sullivan, IL 61951 USA. RP Chipps, SR (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM steve_chipps@sdstate.edu NR 66 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 133 IS 5 BP 1150 EP 1162 DI 10.1577/T03-118.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 863GF UT WOS:000224548400009 ER PT J AU Franco, ED Budy, P AF Franco, ED Budy, P TI Linking environmental heterogeneity to the distribution and prevalence of Myxobolus cerebralis: A comparison across sites in a northern Utah watershed SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID WHIRLING-DISEASE; RAINBOW-TROUT; RELATIVE SUSCEPTIBILITY; MYXOSOMA-CEREBRALIS; FISH POPULATIONS; CUTTHROAT TROUT; RIVER; SALMONIDS; INFECTIONS; FIELD AB Given the variable effects of Myxobolus cerebralis (the parasite that causes whirling disease) on trout populations in different streams across the intermountain West, it is important to understand the role of environmental variation in determining the distribution and prevalence (percent infected) of M. cerebralis in newly infected watersheds. We investigated the relationship between a selected group of environmental factors and the distribution and prevalence of M. cerebralis in wild salmonid populations in the Logan River, Utah. We also compared the results of polymerase chain reaction analyses of wild (free-ranging) fish and fish reared in sentinel cages. These results indicated that despite its recent widespread distribution, the prevalence of the parasite varied greatly across sites. The lowest prevalence among cutthroat Oncorhynchus clarki was found at the headwaters, where the average summer temperature was below 9.5degreesC, whereas high prevalence was associated with temperatures above 12degreesC. Furthermore, prevalence in brown trout Salmo trutta and cutthroat trout increased with discharge, reaching its highest levels at sites where the average base flow ranged between 0.7 and 1.1 m(3)/s. Despite hypothesized mechanistic links to one or more stages or hosts in the M. cerebralis life cycle, we observed no relationship between M. cerebralis prevalence and substrate composition, nutrients (total nitrogen and total phosphorus), periphyton, and oligochaetes. However, multiple linear regression models that included average temperature and discharge explained more than 70% of the variability in prevalence across sites for both species. The diagnosis of the parasite also revealed inconsistencies among wild and sentinel fish, suggesting that fish movement and life history may be key components leading to the spread and effects of the parasite along the drainage. These results indicate that changes in stream temperature or discharge, either natural or anthropogenic, could reduce or increase the prevalence and ultimate effect of M. cerebralis on wild trout populations. C1 Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Budy, P (reprint author), Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources, 5210 Old Main Hall, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM phaedra.budy@usu.edu RI Budy, Phaedra/B-2415-2012 NR 54 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 133 IS 5 BP 1176 EP 1189 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 863GF UT WOS:000224548400011 ER PT J AU Pangle, KL Sutton, TM Kinnunen, RE Hoff, MH AF Pangle, KL Sutton, TM Kinnunen, RE Hoff, MH TI Overwinter survival of juvenile lake herring in relation to body size, physiological condition, energy stores, and food ration SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PERCH PERCA-FLAVESCENS; COREGONUS-ARTEDII; WINTER SURVIVAL; LEPOMIS-MACROCHIRUS; BLUEGILL SUNFISH; LARGEMOUTH BASS; RAINBOW-TROUT; STRIPED BASS; SNAKE RIVER; BROOK-TROUT AB Populations of lake herring Coregonus artedi in Lake Superior have exhibited high recruitment variability over the past three decades. To improve our understanding of the mechanisms which influence year-class strength, we conducted a 225-d laboratory experiment to evaluate the effects of body size, physiological condition, energy stores, and food ration on the winter survival of age-0 lake herring. Small (total length [TL] range = 60-85 mm) and large (TL range = 86-110 mm) fish were maintained under thermal and photoperiod regimes that mimicked those in Lake Superior from October through May. Fish in each size-class were maintained at two feeding treatments: brine shrimp Artemia spp. ad libitum and no food. The mortality of large lake herring (fed, 3.8%; starved, 20.1%) was significantly less than that of small fish (fed, 11.7%; starved, 32.0%). Body condition and crude lipid content declined for all fish over the experiment; however, these variables were significantly greater for large fed (0.68% and 9.8%) and small fed (0.65% and 7.3%) fish than large starved (0.49% and 5.7%) and small starved (0.45% and 4.8%) individuals. Final crude protein and gross energy contents were also significantly greater in large fed lake herring (17.6% and 1,966 cal/g), followed by small fed (17.1% and 1,497 cal/g), large starved (15.4% and 1,125 cal/g), and small starved (13.2% and 799 cal/g) fish. Lake herring that died during the experiment had significantly lower body condition and energy stores relative to those of the surviving fish. These results suggest that the depletion of energy stores contributes to greater winter mortality of small lake herring with limited energy uptake and may partially explain the variability in recruitment observed in Lake Superior. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Michigan State Univ, Michgan Sea Grant, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Super Biol Stn, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. RP Sutton, TM (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 195 Marsteller St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM tsutton@purdue.edu RI Sutton, Trent/E-9281-2010 NR 52 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 133 IS 5 BP 1235 EP 1246 DI 10.1577/T03-127.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 863GF UT WOS:000224548400015 ER PT J AU Isaak, DJ Hubert, WA AF Isaak, DJ Hubert, WA TI Nonlinear response of trout abundance to summer stream temperatures across a thermally diverse montane landscape SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CUTTHROAT TROUT; BULL TROUT; GROWTH; SIZE; FISH AB Stream temperature is a fundamental physical factor that affects the distribution and abundance of salmonids, but empirical inconsistencies exist regarding the nature of this relationship in wild populations. We sampled trout populations composed primarily of cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki but also including brown trout Salmo trutta and brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis at 102 reaches on 24 first- to fourth-order streams across a thermally diverse montane landscape. Curves fit to scatterplots of density and biomass versus mean July-August stream temperatures suggested nonlinear, dome-shaped responses. Peaks occurred near mean stream temperatures of 12degreesC; x-intercepts were near 3degreesC and 21degreesC. We conclude that inconsistencies in previously reported temperature-abundance relationships for wild trout populations may have resulted from sampling only a subset of the thermal environments occupied by a species. Researchers analyzing this relationship should be cognizant of the range of temperatures studied and the expected form of the relationship over that range. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Civil Engn, Ecohydraul Res Grp, Boise, ID 83712 USA. Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Isaak, DJ (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Civil Engn, Ecohydraul Res Grp, 800 Pk Blvd,Suite 200, Boise, ID 83712 USA. EM disaak@fs.fed.us RI Isaak, Dan/C-8818-2011 NR 33 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 133 IS 5 BP 1254 EP 1259 DI 10.1577/T03-010.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 863GF UT WOS:000224548400017 ER PT J AU Campton, DE AF Campton, DE TI Sperm competition in salmon hatcheries: The need to institutionalize genetically benign spawning protocols SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; ALTERNATIVE REPRODUCTIVE TACTICS; RUN CHINOOK SALMON; ATLANTIC SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; SOCKEYE-SALMON; ARCTIC CHARR; FERTILIZATION DYNAMICS AB Salmon hatcheries in the Pacific Northwest historically spawned adults by combining eggs from several females and milt from several males in a single container. This mixed-milt approach leads to significant sperm competition and highly unequal genetic contributions from male spawners. Sperm competition substantially reduces the genetic effective number of breeders (N-b) relative to the actual number of spawners (N-x). Sperm competition in vitro can also result in undesirable artificial selection for life history traits (e.g., age or size at maturity) that are correlated phenotypically with sperm potency and fertilization success. A large number of salmon hatcheries in the Pacific Northwest, particularly those within some state agencies, continue to use mixed-milt fertilization despite documented genetic effects and potential risks. The continued use of mixed-milt fertilization may be due, in part, to insufficient genetic oversight of hatchery operations. As a general rule, salmon hatcheries should discontinue mixed-milt fertilization and institutionalize alternative spawning protocols that preclude or minimize sperm competition in vitro. Three alternative protocols are described here: pairwise spawning, nested spawning, and factorial or matrix spawning. The underlying premise of these alternative protocols is that every adult selected for use as broodstock should have an equal opportunity-and an equal probability-of producing progeny. A goal of most hatchery programs should be to minimize genetic change between the pool of returning adults available for broodstock each year and the progeny of parents selected as broodstock from that pool. To achieve this goal, spawning protocols should maximize N-b and minimize artificial selection associated with hatchery propagation. Such goals may require increased genetic oversight of hatchery operations comparable to the level of fish health oversight (pathogen monitoring and disease prevention) currently practiced in salmon hatcheries throughout the Pacific Northwest. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. RP Campton, DE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM don_campton@fws.gov NR 60 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 133 IS 5 BP 1277 EP 1289 DI 10.1577/T03-200.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 863GF UT WOS:000224548400021 ER PT J AU Allen, T Finkbeiner, SL Johnson, DH AF Allen, T Finkbeiner, SL Johnson, DH TI Comparison of detection rates of breeding marsh birds in passive and playback surveys at Lacreek National Wildlife Refuge, south Dakota SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE American Bittern; Botaurus lentiginosus; breeding bird survey; Ixobrychus exilis; Least Bittern; marsh birds; Pied-billed Grebe; playback; Podilymbus podiceps; Porzana carolina; Rallus limicola; Sora; Virginia Rail ID CALL-RESPONSE SURVEYS; RECORDED CALLS; WATERBIRDS; ABUNDANCE; TRENDS AB We compared detection rates of passive and playback breeding bird survey techniques on elusive marsh birds-Pied-billed Grebe (Podilymbus podiceps), American Bittern (Botaurus lentiginosus), Least Bittern (Ixobrychus exilis), Virginia Rail (Rallus limicola), and Sora (Porzana carolina) -during a two-year study at Lacreek National Wildlife Refuge, in southwestern South Dakota. We conducted 151 passive point counts followed by playback-response surveys at the same points in marsh-bird habitat on the refuge. Playback surveys detected secretive water birds more frequently than our passive surveys, increasing rates for each species by factors of 2.4 to 7.0. The distance a bird was detected from a point varied with the species and the survey technique. C1 Univ No Colorado, Dept Biol, Greeley, CO 80639 USA. Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Allen, T (reprint author), Univ No Colorado, Dept Biol, Greeley, CO 80639 USA. EM Rkymtnptarmigan@yahoo.com NR 18 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 11 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD SEP PY 2004 VL 27 IS 3 BP 277 EP 281 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2004)027[0277:CODROB]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 863LH UT WOS:000224562700004 ER PT J AU Bolduc, F Afton, AD AF Bolduc, F Afton, AD TI Relationships between wintering waterbirds and invertebrates, sediments and hydrology of coastal marsh ponds SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE coastal wetlands; Gulf of Mexico; hydrology; invertebrates; sediments; shorebirds; wading birds; waterfowl ID DABBLING DUCKS; CHENIER PLAIN; MANAGED WETLANDS; FOOD-HABITS; COMMUNITIES; WATERFOWL; ECOLOGY; PREY; GULF; CALIFORNIA AB We studied relationships among sediment variables (carbon content, C:N, hardness, oxygen penetration, silt-clay fraction), hydrologic variables (dissolved oxygen, salinity, temperature, transparency, water depth), sizes and biomass of common invertebrate classes, and densities of 15 common waterbird species in ponds of impounded freshwater, oligohaline, mesohaline, and unimpounded mesohaline marshes during winters 1997-98 to 1999-2000 on Rockefeller State Wildlife Refuge, Louisiana, USA. Canonical correspondence analysis and forward selection was used to analyze the above variables. Water depth and oxygen penetration were the variables that best segregated habitat characteristics that resulted in maximum densities of common waterbird species. Most common waterbird species were associated with specific marsh types, except Green-winged Teal (Anas crecca) and Northern Shoveler (Anas clypeala). We concluded that hydrologic manipulation of marsh ponds is the best way to manage habitats for these birds, if the hydrology can be controlled adequately. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Bolduc, F (reprint author), Foramec Inc, 70 Rue St Paul, Quebec City, PQ G1K 3V9, Canada. EM f.bolduc@tecsult.com NR 48 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 26 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD SEP PY 2004 VL 27 IS 3 BP 333 EP 341 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2004)027[0333:RBWWAI]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 863LH UT WOS:000224562700013 ER PT J AU Fornwall, M Loope, L AF Fornwall, M Loope, L TI Toward a comprehensive information system to assist invasive species management in Hawaii and Pacific Islands SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Miconia calvescens; biological surveys; data integration; information services; decision support systems ID RISK-ASSESSMENT AB The need for coordinated regional and global electronic databases to assist prevention, early detection, rapid response, and control of biological invasions is well accepted. The Pacific Basin Information Node (PBIN), a node of the National Biological Information Infrastructure, has been increasingly engaged in the invasive species enterprise since its establishment in 2001. Since this time, PBIN has sought to support frontline efforts at combating invasions, through working with stakeholders in conservation, agriculture, forestry, health, and commerce to support joint information needs. Although initial emphasis has been on Hawaii, cooperative work with other Pacific islands and countries of the Pacific Rim is already underway and planned. C1 USGS, Maui, HI 96732 USA. USGS, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Maui, HI 96768 USA. RP Fornwall, M (reprint author), USGS, 310 W Kaahumanu Ave, Maui, HI 96732 USA. EM mark_fornwall@usgs.gov NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 13 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 EI 1550-2759 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 52 IS 5 BP 854 EP 856 DI 10.1614/WS-04-019R PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 855JV UT WOS:000223970400022 ER PT J AU Rosenberry, DO Stannard, DI Winter, TC Martinez, ML AF Rosenberry, DO Stannard, DI Winter, TC Martinez, ML TI Comparison of 13 equations for determining evapotranspiration from a prairie wetland, Cottonwood Lake Area, North Dakota, USA SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE evapotranspiration; evaporation; potential; energy budget; wetlands; prairie potholes; methods comparison ID DETERMINING EVAPORATION; ENERGY-BUDGET; WILLIAMS-LAKE; SHALLOW LAKE; WATER; MINNESOTA; MODEL AB Evapotranspiration determined using the energy-budget method at a semi-permanent prairie-pothole wetland in east-central North Dakota, USA was compared with 12 other commonly used methods. The Priestley-Taytor and deBruin-Keijman methods compared best with the energy-budget values; mean differences were less than 0.1 nm d(-1), and standard deviations were less than 0.3 mm d-1. Both methods require measurement of air temperature, net radiation, and heat storage in the wetland water. The Penman, Jensen-Haise, and Brutsaert-Stricker methods provided the next-best values for evapotranspiration relative to the energy-budget method. The mass-transfer, deBruin, and Stephens-Stewart methods provided the worst comparisons; the mass-transfer and deBruin comparisons with energy-budget values indicated a large standard deviation, and the deBruin and Stephens-Stewart comparisons indicated a large bias. The Jensen-Haise method proved to be cost effective, providing relatively accurate comparisons with the energy-budget method (mean difference = 0.44 mm d(-1), standard deviation = 0.42 mm d(-1)) and requiring only measurements of air temperature and solar radiation. The Mather (Thornthwaite) method is the simplest, requiring only measurement of air temperature, and it provided values that compared relatively well with energy-budget values (mean difference = 0.47 mm d(-1), standard deviation = 0.56 mm d(-1)). Modifications were made to several of the methods to make them more suitable for use in prairie wetlands. The modified Makkink, Jensen-Haise, and Stephens-Stewart methods all provided results that were nearly as close to energy-budget values as were the Priestley-Taylor and deBruin-Keijman methods, and all three of these modified methods only require measurements of air temperature and solar radiation. The modified Hamon method provided values that were within 20 percent of energy-budget values during 95 percent of the comparison periods, and it only requires measurement of air temperature. The mass-transfer coefficient, associated with the commonly used mass-transfer method, varied seasonally, with the largest values occurring during summer. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Rosenberry, DO (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Mail Stop 413, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RI Rosenberry, Donald/C-2241-2013; OI Rosenberry, Donald/0000-0003-0681-5641 NR 37 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 16 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD SEP PY 2004 VL 24 IS 3 BP 483 EP 497 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2004)024[0483:COEFDE]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 860AN UT WOS:000224309600001 ER PT J AU Stannard, DI Rosenberry, DO Winter, TC Parkhurst, RS AF Stannard, DI Rosenberry, DO Winter, TC Parkhurst, RS TI Estimates of fetch-induced errors in Bowen-ratio energy-budget measurements of evapotranspiration from a prairie wetland, Cottonwood Lake Area, North Dakota, USA SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE evapotranspiration; evaporation; Bowen-ratio energy-budget; fetch-induced error; advection; latent heat flux; available energy; wetlands ID SCALAR FLUXES; EVAPORATION; HEAT; REQUIREMENTS; FOOTPRINT; SURFACE; WATER AB Micrometeorological measurements of evapotranspiration (ET) often are affected to some degree by errors arising from limited fetch. A recently developed model was used to estimate fetch-induced errors in Bowen-ratio energy-budget measurements of ET made at a small wetland with fetch-to-height ratios ranging from 34 to 49. Estimated errors were small, averaging - 1.90% +/- 0.59%. The small errors are attributed primarily to the near-zero lower sensor height, and the negative bias reflects the greater Bowen ratios of the drier surrounding upland. Some of the variables and parameters affecting the error were not measured, but instead are estimated. A sensitivity analysis indicates that the uncertainty arising from these estimates is small. In general, fetch-induced error in measured wetland ET increases with decreasing fetch-to-height ratio, with increasing aridity and with increasing atmospheric stability over the wetland. Occurrence of standing water at a site is likely to increase the appropriate time step of data integration, for a given level of accuracy. Occurrence of extensive open water can increase accuracy or decrease the required fetch by allowing the lower sensor to be placed at the water surface. If fetch is highly variable and fetch-induced errors are significant, the variables affecting fetch (e.g., wind direction, water level) need to be measured. Fetch-induced error during the non-growing season may be greater or smaller than during the growing season, depending on how seasonal changes affect both the wetland and upland at a site. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Stannard, DI (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Mail Stop 413, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM distanna@usgs.gov RI Rosenberry, Donald/C-2241-2013; OI Rosenberry, Donald/0000-0003-0681-5641 NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD SEP PY 2004 VL 24 IS 3 BP 498 EP 513 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2004)024[0498:EOFEIB]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 860AN UT WOS:000224309600002 ER PT J AU Gleason, RA Euliss, NH Hubbard, DE Duffy, WG AF Gleason, RA Euliss, NH Hubbard, DE Duffy, WG TI Invertebrate egg banks of restored, natural, and drained wetlands in the prairie pothole region of the United States SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE agricultural impacts; aquatic invertebrates; Cladocera; egg banks; ephippia; resting eggs ID SEED BANKS; DESIGN AB Analogous to 'seed banks,' 'egg banks' are important for seasonal succession and maintenance of invertebrate species diversity throughout wet and dry cycles in the prairie pothole region. Further, recruitment of invertebrates from relic egg banks in the sediments and dispersal of eggs into wetlands is believed to be important for reestablishment of invertebrates in recently restored wetlands. Alhough tens-of-thousands of wetlands have been restored in the prairie pothole region of the United States, studies have not been conducted to evaluate the recovery of invertebrate egg banks in restored wetlands. We used taxon richness and abundance as indicators of potential egg bank recovery and compared these parameters in restored wetlands to those of non-drained and drained wetlands with a history of cultivation and also to reference wetlands with no history of cultivation. We found few significant differences among wetland categories within three physiographic regions (Glaciated Plains, Missouri Coteau, and Prairie Coteau). Most statistical comparisons indicated that restored wetlands had invertebrate egg banks similar to reference, non-drained, and drained wetlands. The one exception was drained seasonal wetlands in the Glaciated Plains, which had significantly lower taxon richness and invertebrate abundance than the other wetland categories. Trends did suggest that invertebrate egg bank taxon richness and abundance are increasing in restored seasonal wetlands relative to their drained analogues, whereas a similar trend was not observed for restored semi-permanent wetlands. Although recovery was not related to years since restoration, comparisons of restored wetlands with reference wetlands suggest that recovery potential may be inversely related to the extent of wetland drainage and intensive agriculture that varies spatially in the prairie pothole region. Our research suggests that periodic drawdowns of semi-permanent restored wetlands may be needed to promote production and development of invertebrate egg banks. Inoculation of restored wetlands may also be needed in areas where extensive wetland drainage has resulted in fewer wetland habitats to provide sources of passively dispersed eggs to newly restored wetlands. C1 US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. Humboldt State Univ, US Geol Survey, Calif Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Gleason, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SW, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. NR 41 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 15 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD SEP PY 2004 VL 24 IS 3 BP 562 EP 572 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2004)024[0562:IEBORN]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 860AN UT WOS:000224309600007 ER PT J AU Henszey, RJ Pfeiffer, K Keough, JR AF Henszey, RJ Pfeiffer, K Keough, JR TI Linking surface- and ground-water levels to riparian grassland species along the platte river in Central Nebraska, USA SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE riparian vegetation; wet meadow; direct gradient analysis; species response curve; non-linear models; surface- and ground-water level; water table; plant frequency; coenocline ID CANONICAL CORRESPONDENCE-ANALYSIS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; DESCHAMPSIA-CESPITOSA; DACTYLIS-GLOMERATA; GRADIENT ANALYSIS; VEGETATION; ECOLOGY; MODELS; SIMULATION; MOUNTAINS AB Nearly all the techniques used to quantify how plants are linked to environmental gradients produce results in general terms, such as low to high elevation, xeric to mesic, and low to high concentration. While ecologists comprehend these imprecise scales, managers responsible for making decisions affecting these gradients need more precise information. For our study, we preserved the measurement scale and units of a dominant environmental gradient by using non-linear models to fit plant frequency to a water-level gradient ranging from shallow ground water to standing water along the Platte River in central Nebraska, USA. Non-linear models, unlike polynomials, have coefficients that can be interpreted with a biological meaning such as population peak, Optimum gradient position, and ecological amplitude. Sixty-three riparian grassland species had sufficient information to link their plant frequency to the water-level gradient. From among 10 water-level summary statistics evaluated for a subset of 22 species, the best plant-frequency response curves were obtained by using the growing season 10% cumulative frequency water level, followed closely by the growing season 7-day moving average high water level and two other high water-level statistics. This suggests that for Platte River riparian grasslands, high water levels are more influential than mean, median, or low water levels. Land-management practices (i.e., grazing, haying, and extended rest) affected six species by a change in frequency or a shift in position along the water-level gradient. Four general plant communities composed of species responding individually to the water-level gradient and other factors were identified for Platte River riparian grasslands: emergent, sedge meadow, mesic prairie, and dry ridge. Plant response curves are the first step toward predicting how plants responding to riparian-grassland water levels might also respond to river management. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks Fish & Wildlife Field Off, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. Platte River Whooping Crane Maintenance Trust, Wood River, NE 68883 USA. United State Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Henszey, RJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks Fish & Wildlife Field Off, 101 12th Ave,Box 19,Room 110, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. EM henszey_rj@yahoo.com NR 78 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 19 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD SEP PY 2004 VL 24 IS 3 BP 665 EP 687 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2004)024[0665:LSAGLT]2.0.CO;2 PG 23 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 860AN UT WOS:000224309600016 ER PT J AU Ture, C Bingol, NA Middleton, BA AF Ture, C Bingol, NA Middleton, BA TI Characterization of the habitat of Lythrum salicaria L. in floodplain forests in Western Turkey - Effects on stem height and seed production SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE arid environments; invasive species; Mediterranean; purple loosestrife; light intensity; shading ID WETLAND PLANT-COMMUNITIES; PURPLE-LOOSESTRIFE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; NORTH-AMERICA; ENVIRONMENTAL-IMPACT; HOST-SPECIFICITY; LIFE-HISTORY; HERBIVORY; VEGETATION; GROWTH AB Lythrum salicaria (purple loosestrife) is an invasive wetland perennial in North America native to Eurasia. Because light environment may limit the species' distribution, information on the relationship of forest canopy coverage to relative height and seed set in its native environment could give insight into its control in North America. This study examined the effect of various light environments related to forest canopy structure on seed set and stem height in L. salicaria in three biogeographical regions of Turkey spanning latitudes from 36 to 39degrees N. In Turkey, Lythrum salicaria grows in discrete patches in the canopy gaps of riverine forests, which often are dominated by Populus alba. The mean number of seeds per individual and stein height increased with decreasing canopy coverage (10437 +/- 284 to 20652 +/- 664 seeds individual(-1) and 116 +/- 2 to 173 +/- 2 cm, respectively). A number of insect seed herbivores were noted on these Turkish populations, most notably a seed predator (Nanophyes marmoratus), which destroyed all seeds in infested capsules. Our study suggested that the light characteristics associated with canopy gaps influenced the seed set and height of L. salicaria. Other factors likely played a role, such as insect herbivores, soil fertility, and competition with other species, which may also be affected by the light levels provided at various levels of canopy coverage. C1 Anadolu Univ, Fac Sci, Eskisehir, Turkey. Dumlupinar Univ, Arts & Sci Fac, Kutahya, Turkey. USGS Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Ture, C (reprint author), Anadolu Univ, Fac Sci, Eskisehir, Turkey. EM akanil@dumlupinar.edu.tr NR 59 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD SEP PY 2004 VL 24 IS 3 BP 711 EP 716 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2004)024[0711:COTHOL]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 860AN UT WOS:000224309600019 ER PT J AU Loncarich, FL Krementz, DG AF Loncarich, FL Krementz, DG TI External determination of age and sex of the common moorhen SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE aging; common moorhen; feather wear; Gallinula chloropus; harvest management; sexing ID SNIPE AB The United States Fish and Wildlife Service uses the Parts Collection Survey (PCS) to monitor migratory bird populations through examination of parts collected by hunters. An important new addition to the PCS is the inclusion of migratory shorebirds and upland game birds (MSUGB) in the survey. However, age and sex keys have been developed for only 2 MSUGB species. For the survey to be effective, keys for all MSUGB need to be developed. To that end, we examined collected specimens and museum mounts to develop an age and sex key for common moorhens (Gallinula chloropus) based on various quantitative and qualitative morphological characteristics. Culmen-shield width proved to be the best qualitative characteristic for aging moorhens. Ninety-three percent of adults had culmen-shield widths >10.4 mm while only 4% of juveniles had shield widths >10.4 mm. Bill length was also a good predictor of age. Wing-covert color and degree of point on tertial tips were the best qualitative characteristics for aging common moorhens. juveniles tended to have olive-brown dorsal wing coverts and highly pointed tertials while adults usually had slate gray-black coverts and rounded tertials. Only one characteristic, wing chord, showed promise for sexing common moorhens. Males of both age classes tended to have longer wing-chord lengths than females of both age classes. Managers can use culmen-shield width to accurately age harvested common moorhens. However, damage to soft parts during shipping may render culmen shields less useful. Color of dorsal coverts and degree of point on tertial tips may be more practical for aging moorhens and, when used in combination, are highly accurate. Managers can use wing chord as a reliable indicator of sex; however, we recommend that specimens first be aged to increase the reliability. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, US Geol Survey, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Loncarich, FL (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM Krementz@uark.edu NR 15 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2004 VL 32 IS 3 BP 655 EP 660 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2004)032[0655:EDOAAS]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 866IO UT WOS:000224767400005 ER PT J AU Amstrup, SC McDonald, TL Durner, GM AF Amstrup, SC McDonald, TL Durner, GM TI Using satellite radiotelemetry data to delineate and manage wildlife populations SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Arctic; Beaufort Sea; boundaries; clustering; Fourier transform; kernel; management; polar bears; population delineation; radiotelemetry; satellite; smoothing; Ursus maritimus ID FEMALE POLAR BEARS; HOME-RANGE; BEAUFORT SEA; URSUS-MARITIMUS; HABITAT USE; MOVEMENTS; ALASKA; DESIGN; ESTIMATORS; GREENLAND AB The greatest promise of radiotelemetry always has been a better understanding of animal movements. Telemetry has helped us know when animals are active, how active they are, how far and how fast they move, the geographic areas they occupy, and whether individuals vary in these traits. Unfortunately, the inability to estimate the error in animals' utilization distributions (UDs), has prevented probabilistic linkage of movements data, which are always retrospective, with future management actions. We used the example of the harvested population of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in the Southern Beaufort Sea to illustrate a method that provides that linkage. We employed a 2-dimensional Gaussian kernel density estimator to smooth and scale frequencies of polar bear radio locations within cells of a grid overlying our study area. True 2-dimensional smoothing allowed us to create accurate descriptions of the UDs of individuals and groups of bears. We used a new method of clustering, based upon the relative use collared bears made of each cell in our grid, to assign individual animals to populations. We applied the fast Fourier transform to make bootstrapped estimates of the error in UDs computationally feasible. Clustering and kernel smoothing identified 3 populations of polar bears in the region between Wrangel island, Russia, and Banks Island, Canada. The relative probability of occurrence of animals from each population varied significantly among grid cells distributed across the study area. We displayed occurrence probabilities as contour maps wherein each contour line corresponded with a change in relative probability. Only at the edges of our study area and in some offshore regions were bootstrapped estimates of error in occurrence probabilities too high to allow prediction. Error estimates, which also were displayed as contours, allowed us to show that occurrence probabilities did not vary by season. Near Barrow, Alaska, 50% of bears observed are predicted to be from the Chukchi Sea population and 50% from the Southern Beaufort Sea population. At Tuktoyaktuk, Northwest Territories, Canada, 50% are from the Southern Beaufort Sea and 50% from the Northern Beaufort Sea population. The methods described here will aid managers of all wildlife that can be studied by telemetry to allocate harvests and other human perturbations to the appropriate populations, make risk assessments, and predict impacts of human activities. They will aid researchers by providing the refined descriptions of study populations that are necessary for population estimation and other investigative tasks. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Western Ecosyst Technol Inc, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. RP Amstrup, SC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM steven_amstrup@usgs.gov RI McDonald, Trent/F-2885-2014 OI McDonald, Trent/0000-0001-7608-6988 NR 62 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 4 U2 23 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2004 VL 32 IS 3 BP 661 EP 679 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2004)032[0661:USRDTD]2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 866IO UT WOS:000224767400006 ER PT J AU Reed, JE Baker, RJ Ballard, WB Kelly, BT AF Reed, JE Baker, RJ Ballard, WB Kelly, BT TI Differentiating Mexican gray wolf and coyote seats using DNA analysis SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Canis latrans; Canis lupus baileyi; coyote; DNA; Mexican wolf; scats ID FECAL DNA; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; CONSERVATION GENETICS; MOLECULAR TRACKING; SCAT DIAMETERS; CANIS-LUPUS; BROWN BEAR; WOLVES; PCR; FECES AB Mexican gray wolves (Canis lupus baileyi) are the smallest subspecies of North American gray wolves (Canis lupus), and identification of Mexican wolf scats could be confused with those of sympatric coyotes (Canis latrans). We used DNA analysis (molecular scatology) to differentiate scats (n=203) of free-ranging Mexican gray wolves and coyotes and compared the results to traditional field methods (i.e., diameter, location, and sign) and odor used for identifying scats of the 2 species. We then used the scats whose species identifications were confirmed with DNA analysis to evaluate discriminant analysis for classifying scats using 3 measurements-diameter, mass, and length. Forty-nine (24%) of the field-collected scats (n=203) tested provided amplifiable DNA and were determined to comprise 28 scats deposited by Mexican wolves and 21 deposited by coyotes. Scats identified with DNA analysis to the 2 species had a 79% diameter overlap (Mexican wolf 16.3-35.8 mm; coyote 17.4-27.8 mm), and scats greater than or equal to28 mm in diameter were Mexican wolf scats. There was a significant difference (t=-2.28; P<0.05) between diameter means for the 2 species (Mexican wolf (x) over bar =26.0 mm; coyote (x) over bar =22.8 mm). Of 45 scats that would have been field-identified as deposited by Mexican wolves based on location and odor criteria, DNA analysis indicated that 19 (42%) were deposited by coyotes; of 41 scats that Would have been field-identified as deposited by coyotes based on diameter <30 mm criterion, 20 (49%) were deposited by Mexican wolves. Halfpenny's (1986) suggested diameter criterion for field identification of scats identified 3 of the scats as gray (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) or red fox (Vulpes vulpes; 0% correct), 24 as coyote (62% correct), and 20 as Mexican wolf (75% correct). Discriminant analysis indicated that diameter and mass of scats offered the best results for accurately classifying coyote scats (86%) but provided relatively low accuracy for classifying Mexican wolf scats (65%). Our results suggest that previous diet studies using traditional identification methods may have misrepresented the diets of both the North American gray wolf and the coyote when the 2 species were sympatric. Molecular scatology appears to be a more definitive scat-identification technique than traditional field methods or odor for these canids. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Mexican Wolf Recovery Project, Albuquerque, NM 87103 USA. RP Reed, JE (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Box 42125, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM warren.ballard@ttu.edu NR 67 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2004 VL 32 IS 3 BP 685 EP 692 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2004)032[0685:DMGWAC]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 866IO UT WOS:000224767400008 ER PT J AU Grant, TA Madden, E Berkey, GB AF Grant, TA Madden, E Berkey, GB TI Tree and shrub invasion in northern mixed-grass prairie: implications for breeding grassland birds SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE aspen woodland; fragmentation; grassland birds; mixed-grass prairie; North Dakota; woody vegetation ID TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; HABITAT; DAKOTA; SASKATCHEWAN; MANAGEMENT; SONGBIRDS AB North American grasslands continue to decline in quantity and quality. In the northern mixed-grass prairie, potential edge and fragmentation effects on grassland birds are poorly understood and conclusions are based largely on data from outside the region. Lands in and adjacent to J. Clark Salyer National Wildlife Refuge in north-central North Dakota comprise one of the largest contiguous patches of northern mixed-grass prairie remaining in North America. However, within the region, aspen (Populus tremuloides), willow (Salix spp.), and other woody species have increased, such that continued existence of grasslands is threatened. We examined how breeding grassland birds responded to habitat that has been variably fragmented by encroaching woody vegetation. The probability of occurrence decreased markedly for 11 of 15 bird species (including 3 endemic to the northern Great Plains) as percent woodland, tall shrub, or brush cover increased. Bird species were increasingly affected as the height of woody plants increased from brush to tall shrubs to trees. Grasslands became largely unsuitable for 9 species as woodland cover exceeded 25%. Derived models can be used by land managers to predict the outcome of management actions that alter plant community succession or that restore grasslands degraded by woody invasion. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, J Clark Salyer Natl Wildlife Refuge, Upham, ND 58789 USA. RP Grant, TA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, J Clark Salyer Natl Wildlife Refuge, 681 Salyer Rd, Upham, ND 58789 USA. EM todd_grant@fws.gov NR 36 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 5 U2 37 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2004 VL 32 IS 3 BP 807 EP 818 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2004)032[0807:TASIIN]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 866IO UT WOS:000224767400022 ER PT J AU Goldberg, DR Samuel, MD Rocke, TE Johnson, KM Linz, G AF Goldberg, DR Samuel, MD Rocke, TE Johnson, KM Linz, G TI Could blackbird mortality from avicide DRC-1339 contribute to avian botulism outbreaks in North Dakota? SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE avian botulism; blackbird carcasses; Clostridium botulinum; DRC-11339; lcteridae; North Dakota; wetland ecosystems ID CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM; C BOTULISM; CARCASSES; TOXINS; CATTLE; BIRDS AB Blackbird (family Icteridae) depredation on sunflower (Helianthus annuus) crops in the prairie states of the United States has motivated the proposed use of an avicide, DRC-1339 (3-chloro-4-methylaniline), to decrease their numbers. The resulting mortality of blackbirds at wetland roosts could increase the potential of avian botulism occurring in affected marshes. To assess this possibility, we seeded (artificially placed) blackbird carcasses in selected wetlands in Stutsman County, North Dakota, during August-September 2000 and July-September 2001 to evaluate their rate of decomposition and role in initiating avian botulism outbreaks. We monitored carcasses to determine their persistence, the frequency and amount of maggots produced, and the presence of type C botulinum toxin. In 10 of our 12 study wetlands, blackbird carcasses were not rapidly removed by scavengers, thus providing substrate for maggot growth and potential production of Clostridium botulinum toxin. Decomposition of carcasses occurred rapidly, and maggot production averaged 4-5 g per carcass within 9 days. We were unable to detect C. botulinum type C toxin in any of the 377 blackbird carcasses or the 112 samples of maggots we collected in 2000 or 2001. None of the 25 blackbird carcasses we tested contained botulinum spores, the most probable explanation for the absence of botulinum toxin production. Our results indicate that the likelihood of DRC-1339-poisoned blackbirds causing botulism outbreaks would be minimal in North Dakota wetlands during late summer and early autumn. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. RP Goldberg, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM Goldberg@usgs.gov OI Goldberg, Diana/0000-0001-8540-8512; Rocke, Tonie/0000-0003-3933-1563 NR 24 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2004 VL 32 IS 3 BP 870 EP 880 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2004)032[0870:CBMFAD]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 866IO UT WOS:000224767400028 ER PT J AU Harveson, PM Tewes, ME Anderson, GL AF Harveson, PM Tewes, ME Anderson, GL TI Habitat use by ocelots in south Texas: implications for restoration SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE canopy cover; GIS; habitat selection; Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge; Leopardus pardalis; ocelot; soil; south Texas; thornshrub ID AVAILABILITY; TESTS AB The ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) is an endangered cat native to south Texas. Urbanization and agricultural development have resulted in limited and fragmented habitat, making ocelot habitat restoration an important factor in the cat's recovery. We evaluated the use of United States Department of Agriculture-Natural Resource Conservation Service (USDA-NRCS) soil surveys to identify potential restoration sites by examining ocelot habitat use in south Texas from 1982-1990. We analyzed an 8-year data set of ocelot radiotelemetry locations using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Bailey's confidence intervals. Ocelots selected habitat with dense (>95%) canopy cover more than open (<75%) canopy cover. Ocelots also selected Camargo, Lardeo, Olmito, and Point Isabel soil series in greater proportion than available. The selected soils also represented 82% of the selected dense canopy cover areas. Our results suggest that USDA-NRCS soil survey maps can be used as a tool for identifying potential areas for ocelot habitat restoration. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. USDA ARS, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Laguna Atascosa Natl Wildlife Refuge, Rio Hondo, TX 78586 USA. RP Harveson, PM (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM harveson@tamu.edu NR 32 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 20 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2004 VL 32 IS 3 BP 948 EP 954 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2004)032[0948:HUBOIS]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 866IO UT WOS:000224767400036 ER PT J AU Thogmartin, WE Gallant, AL Knutson, MG Fox, TJ Suarez, MJ AF Thogmartin, WE Gallant, AL Knutson, MG Fox, TJ Suarez, MJ TI Commentary: A cautionary tale regarding use of the National Land Cover Dataset 1992 SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material DE accuracy assessment; Geographic Information System; land cover; National Land Cover Dataset; NLCD; observer differences; remote sensing ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; THEMATIC MAPPER DATA; ANCILLARY DATA SOURCES; BREEDING BIRD SURVEY; MODELS AB Digital land-cover data are among the most popular data sources used in ecological research and natural resource management. However, processes for accurate land-cover classification over large regions are still evolving. We identified inconsistencies in the National Land Cover Dataset 1992, the most current and available representation of land cover for the conterminous United States. We also report means to address these inconsistencies in a bird-habitat model. We used a Geographic Information System (GIS) to position a regular grid (or lattice) over the upper midwestern United States and summarized the proportion of individual land covers in each cell within the lattice. These proportions were then mapped back onto the lattice, and the resultant lattice was compared to satellite paths, state borders, and regional map classification units. We observed mapping inconsistencies at the borders between mapping regions, states, and Thematic Mapper (TM) mapping paths in the upper midwestern United States, particularly related to grass I and-herbaceous, emergent-herbaceous wetland, and small-grain land covers. We attributed these discrepancies to differences in image dates between mapping regions, suboptimal image dates for distinguishing certain land-cover types, lack of suitable ancillary data for improving discrimination for rare land covers, and possibly differences among image interpreters. To overcome these inconsistencies for the purpose of modeling regional populations of birds, we combined grassland-herbaceous and pasture-hay land-cover classes and excluded the use of emergent-herbaceous and small-grain land covers. We recommend that users of digital land-cover data conduct similar assessments for other regions before using these data for habitat evaluation. Further, caution is advised in using these data in the analysis of regional land-cover change because it is not likely that future digital land-cover maps will repeat the same problems, thus resulting in biased estimates of change. C1 US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat Syst, Ctr Data, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. US Geol Survey, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Earth Resources Observat Syst, Ctr Data, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Thogmartin, WE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM wthogmartin@usgs.gov RI Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008 OI Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279 NR 26 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2004 VL 32 IS 3 BP 970 EP 978 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2004)032[0970:CACTRU]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 866IO UT WOS:000224767400039 ER PT J AU Winter, M Johnson, DH Shaffer, JA Svedarsky, WD AF Winter, M Johnson, DH Shaffer, JA Svedarsky, WD TI Nesting biology of three grassland passerines in the northern tallgrass prairie SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SUCCESS; PARASITISM; VEGETATION; PREDATION; SPARROWS; SONGBIRD; COWBIRD; ISLAND; FATES; BIRDS AB Basic nesting information on grassland passerines is needed for improving grassland bird management. Among the information needs are (1) the suitability of nesting habitat, (2) periods during the breeding season in which birds are most vulnerable to disturbances, and (3) how to fit grasslands into a prioritization scheme for conservation. Comparisons of nesting parameters among grassland species will help identify important management considerations. We describe and compare nest-site characteristics, nesting phenology, clutch size, hatching and fledging success, and brood parasitism by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) for three grassland passerine species nesting in tallgrass prairie of northwestern Minnesota and southeastern North Dakota. During 1998-2002, we found 793 Clay-colored Sparrow (Spizella pallida), 687 Savannah Spar-row (Passerculus sandwichensis), and 315 Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) nests. These species differed in many aspects of their breeding ecology. Clay-colored and Savannah sparrows initiated their nests almost 2 weeks earlier than Bobolinks, with peak nesting occurring in June. Clutch size was lower (3.77 +/- 0.03 SE) for Clay-colored Sparrows than Savannah Sparrows (4.13 +/- 0.05) and Bobolinks (5.25 +/- 0.08). The number of host eggs hatched per nest was higher in Bobolinks (3.46 +/- 0.20) than in Clay-colored Sparrows (2.52 +/- 0.09) and Savannah Sparrows (2.41 +/- 0.11), but the number of young fledged per Bobolink nest (1.97) was similar to that of Savannah Sparrows (2.01). Clay-colored Sparrows fledged only 1.35 host young per nest. Mayfield nest Success was higher for Savannah Sparrows (31.4%) than for Clay-colored Sparrows (27.4%) or Bobolinks (20.7%). The main Cause of nest failure was nest predation: predation in Clay-colored Sparrows (47.9%) was higher than in Savannah Sparrows (33.5%) but similar to Bobolinks (41.8%). Brood parasitism was lower in Clay-colored Sparrows (5.1%) than in Bobolinks (10.8%), and intermediate (6.7%) in Savannah Sparrows. Compared with most other Studies, grassland bird nests in our study area were more successful and less frequently parasitized; thus, northwestern Minnesota and southeastern North Dakota appear to provide important breeding habitat for grassland birds. C1 SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. US Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. Univ Minnesota, NW Res & Outreach Ctr, Crookston, MN 56716 USA. RP Winter, M (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, 1 Forestry Dr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM mw267@cornell.edu NR 48 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 12 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 116 IS 3 BP 211 EP 223 DI 10.1676/03-082 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 879LZ UT WOS:000225720600002 ER PT J AU Stanley, TR AF Stanley, TR TI When should Mayfield model data be discarded? SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID DAILY SURVIVAL PROBABILITIES; NEST SUCCESS AB Much confusion exists over the proper way to handle nest-fate data collected after the fledge date when using the Mayfield method. I provide a simple numerical example showing how Use of these data can bias estimates of daily survival probability, and present a likelihood function demonstrating that nest-late data collected after the fledge date do not contribute any information for parameter estimation, except in a seldom-realized special case. Consequently, it is recommended that under the Mayfield model, nest-fate data collected after the fledge date be discarded. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Stanley, TR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM tom_stanley@usgs.gov NR 7 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 116 IS 3 BP 267 EP 269 DI 10.1676/04-042 PG 3 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 879LZ UT WOS:000225720600010 ER PT J AU van Wagtendonk, JW Root, RR Key, CH AF van Wagtendonk, JW Root, RR Key, CH TI Comparison of AVIRIS and Landsat ETM+ detection capabilities for burn severity SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Fire Prevention and Assessment CY JUN, 2003 CL Univ Ghent, Ghent, BELGIUM SP GOFC, GOLD, EARSeL, FF SIG HO Univ Ghent DE burn severity; AVIRIS; multi-temporal; Landsat ETM; Yosemite National Park ID SANTA-MONICA MOUNTAINS; THEMATIC MAPPER DATA; FIRE SEVERITY; FOREST; IMAGES; REGENERATION; AFRICA; WATER; SPACE AB Our study compares data on burn severity collected from multi-temporal Airborne Visible and Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) with similar data from the Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) using the differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR). Two AVIRIS and ETM+ data acquisitions recorded stir-face conditions immediately before the Hoover Fire began to spread rapidly and again the following year. Data were validated with 63 field plots using the Composite Burn Index (CBI). The relationship between spectral channels and burn severity was examined by comparing pre- and post-fire datasets. Based on the high burn severity comparison, AVIRIS channels 47 and 60 at wavelengths of 788 and 913 nm showed the greatest negative response to fire. Post-fire reflectance values decreased the most on average at those wavelengths, while channel 210 at 2370 nm showed the greatest positive response on average. Fire increased reflectance the most at that wavelength over the entire measured spectral range. Furthermore, channel 210 at 2370 nm exhibited the greatest variation in spectral response, suggesting potentially high information content for fire severity. Based on general remote sensing principles and the logic of variable spectral responses to fire, dNBR from both sensors should produce useful results in quantifying burn severity. The results verify the band-response relationships to burn severity as seen with ETM+ data and confirm the relationships by way of a distinctly different sensor system. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USGS, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, El Portal, CA 95318 USA. USGS, Rocky Mt Mapping Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. USGS, NO Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. RP USGS, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, 5083 Foresta Rd, El Portal, CA 95318 USA. EM jan_van_wagtendonk@usgs.gov NR 36 TC 197 Z9 203 U1 2 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD AUG 30 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 3 BP 397 EP 408 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2003.12.015 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 856CG UT WOS:000224020600011 ER PT J AU Harden, JW Neff, JC Sandberg, DV Turetsky, MR Ottmar, R Gleixner, G Fries, TL Manies, KL AF Harden, JW Neff, JC Sandberg, DV Turetsky, MR Ottmar, R Gleixner, G Fries, TL Manies, KL TI Chemistry of burning the forest floor during the FROSTFIRE experimental burn, interior Alaska, 1999 SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE combustion; experimental burn; boreal forest; black spruce; feathermoss; Hg ID FIRE REGIME; VEGETATION COMPOSITION; GROWTH-RESPONSE; ORGANIC-MATTER; BOREAL FORESTS; QUAKING ASPEN; SOIL; CARBON; WILDFIRE; MERCURY AB [1] Wildfires represent one of the most common disturbances in boreal regions, and have the potential to reduce C, N, and Hg stocks in soils while contributing to atmospheric emissions. Organic soil layers of the forest floor were sampled before and after the FROSTFIRE experimental burn in interior Alaska, and were analyzed for bulk density, major and trace elements, and organic compounds. Concentrations of carbon, nutrients, and several major and trace elements were significantly altered by the burn. Emissions of C, N, and Hg, estimated from chemical mass balance equations using Fe, Al, and Si as stable constituents, indicated that 500 to 900 g C and up to 0 to 4 x 10(-4) g Hg/m(2) were lost from the site. Calculations of nitrogen loss range from - 4 to + 6 g/m(2) but were highly variable ( standard deviation 19), with some samples showing increased N concentrations post-burn potentially from canopy ash. Noncombustible major nutrients such as Ca and K also were inherited from canopy ash. Thermogravimetry indicates a loss of thermally labile C and increase of lignin-like C in char and ash relative to unburned counterparts. Overall, atmospheric impacts of boreal fires include large emissions of C, N and Hg that vary greatly as a function of severe fire weather and its access to deep organic layers rich in C, N, and Hg. In terrestrial systems, burning rearranges the vertical distribution of nutrients in fuels and soils, the proximity of nutrients and permafrost to surface biota, and the chemical composition of soil including its nutrient and organic constituents, all of which impact C cycling. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Seattle Forestry Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07701 Jena, Germany. RP Harden, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 962, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jharden@usgs.gov; neffjc@colorado.edu; dsandberg@fs.fed.us; mturetsky@usgs.gov; ottmar@dorothy.cfr.washington.edu; gerd.gleixner@bgc-jena.mpg.de; tfries@usgs.gov; kmanies@usgs.gov RI Turetsky, Merritt/B-1255-2013; Neff, Jason/A-1211-2012 NR 43 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD AUG 28 PY 2004 VL 18 IS 3 AR GB3014 DI 10.1029/2003GB002194 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 850ME UT WOS:000223615100001 ER PT J AU Miyamoto, H Papp, KR AF Miyamoto, H Papp, KR TI Rheology and topography control the path of a lava flow: Insight from numerical simulations over a preexisting topography SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PAHOEHOE LAVA; MORPHOLOGY; VOLCANO; MODEL; EMPLACEMENT; DYNAMICS; ERUPTION; CHANNEL; LOBES AB Determination of flow path is strongly controlled by both the preexisting topography and rheology of the lava flow. Using the Okmok 1997 eruption as an example lava flow, we perform numerical simulations of Bingham fluids flowing over preexisting topography and find that flow rheology determines whether or not new lobe formation ( or bifurcation) occurs from the main flow at a topographic divide or remains confined by local topography. Therefore, lobe ( or branch) length may increase for higher viscosity flows, when considering the effect of topographic control. Also, even one order of magnitude difference in the rheological properties allows lava flows to move in completely different paths, which may suggest that flow bifurcation due to topographic control provides insight to the local rheological properties of a lava flow. The effect reported here should be taken into account in risk assessments of future volcanic hazards. C1 Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Geosyst Engn, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Alaska, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Miyamoto, H (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM miyamoto@geosys.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Miyamoto, Hideaki/B-9666-2008; Miyamoto, Hideaki/E-3381-2012; OI Beyer, Ross/0000-0003-4503-3335; Bourke, Mary/0000-0002-0424-0322 NR 27 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 27 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 16 AR L16608 DI 10.1029/2004GL020626 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 850MB UT WOS:000223614800004 ER PT J AU Stein, RS AF Stein, RS TI Tidat triggering caught in the act SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID STRESS; EARTHQUAKES C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Stein, RS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM rstein@usgs.gov NR 13 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 27 PY 2004 VL 305 IS 5688 BP 1248 EP 1249 DI 10.1126/science.1100726 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 850PJ UT WOS:000223624600029 PM 15333829 ER PT J AU Coombs, ML Clague, DA Moore, GF Cousens, BL AF Coombs, ML Clague, DA Moore, GF Cousens, BL TI Growth and collapse of Waianae Volcano, Hawaii, as revealed by exploration of its submarine flanks SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Hawaii; landslide; O'ahu; submarine; volcaniclastic; Wai'anae; marine geology and geophysics : seafloor morphology and bottom photography; mineralogy and petrology : major element composition; volcanology : general or miscellaneous ID MAUNA-LOA-VOLCANO; MOBILE SOUTH FLANK; KILAUEA VOLCANO; STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY; WAILAU LANDSLIDES; GIANT LANDSLIDES; KOOLAU VOLCANO; MAJOR-ELEMENT; NUUANU AB [1] Waianae Volcano comprises the western half of O' ahu Island, but until recently little was known about the submarine portion of this volcano. Seven new submersible dives, conducted in 2001 and 2002, and multibeam bathymetry offshore of Wai' anae provide evidence pertaining to the overall growth of the volcano's edifice as well as the timing of collapses that formed the Wai' anae slump complex. A prominent slope break at similar to 1400 mbsl marks the paleoshoreline of Wai' anae at the end of its shield-building stage and wraps around Ka' ena Ridge, suggesting that this may have been an extension of Wai' anae's northwest rift zone. Subaerially erupted tholeiitic lavas were collected from a small shield along the crest of Ka' ena Ridge. The length of Wai' anae's south rift zone is poorly constrained but reaches at least 65 km on the basis of recovered tholeiite pillows at this distance from the volcano's center. Wai' anae's growth was marked by multiple collapse and deformation events during and after its shield stage, resulting in the compound mass wasting features on the volcano's southwest flank (Wai' anae slump complex). The slump complex, one of the largest in Hawai' i, covering an area of similar to 5500 km(2), is composed of several distinct sections on the basis of morphology and the lithologies of recovered samples. Two dives ascended the outer bench of the slump complex and collected predominantly low-S tholeiites that correlate with subaerial lavas erupted early during the volcano's shield stage, from 3.9 to 3.5 Ma. Pillow lavas from the outer bench have Pb, Sr, and Nd isotopic values that overlap with previously published subaerial Wai' anae lavas. On the basis of the compositions of the recovered samples, the main body of the slump complex, as represented by the outer bench, probably formed during and shortly after the early shield stage. To the southwest of the outer bench lies a broad debris field on the seafloor, interpreted to have formed by a catastrophic collapse event that breached the outer bench. A dive within the debris field recovered subaerially derived volcaniclastic rocks; analyzed glasses are tholeiitic and resemble early shield stage compositions. The breach may have then been filled by slumping material from the main volcanic edifice. Finally, atop the northern main body of the slump is a rotated landslide block that detached from the proximal part of Ka' ena Ridge after the volcano's late shield stage (3.2 to 3.0 Ma). From the inner scarp of this block we recovered subaerially erupted tholeiitic pillow breccias and hyaloclastites that are systematically higher in alkalis and more fractionated than those collected from the outer bench. These rocks correlate compositionally with late shield-stage subaerial Kamaile' unu lavas. None of the collected slump complex samples correlate with alkalic subaerial postshield lavas. Volcaniclastic rocks and glass disseminated in pelagic sediment, collected from north of Ka' ena Ridge, originated from Wai' anae's postshield stage and Ko' olau's shield stage, respectively. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Carleton Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. RP Coombs, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, 4200 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM mcoombs@usgs.gov RI Moore, Gregory/A-2860-2009 OI Moore, Gregory/0000-0002-9649-3174 NR 68 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD AUG 24 PY 2004 VL 5 AR Q08006 DI 10.1029/2004GC000717 PG 30 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 850LV UT WOS:000223614200004 ER PT J AU Feldman, WC Mellon, MT Maurice, S Prettyman, TH Carey, JW Vaniman, DT Bish, DL Fialips, CI Chipera, SJ Kargel, JS Elphic, RC Funsten, HO Lawrence, DJ Tokar, RL AF Feldman, WC Mellon, MT Maurice, S Prettyman, TH Carey, JW Vaniman, DT Bish, DL Fialips, CI Chipera, SJ Kargel, JS Elphic, RC Funsten, HO Lawrence, DJ Tokar, RL TI Hydrated states of MgSO4 at equatorial latitudes on Mars SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GROUND ICE; MARTIAN SURFACE; WATER; STABILITY; BEHAVIOR; MINERALS; MODEL AB The stability of water ice, epsomite, and hexahydrite to loss of H2O molecules to the atmosphere at equatorial latitudes of Mars was studied to determine their potential contributions to the measured abundance of water-equivalent hydrogen (WEH). Calculation of the relative humidity based on estimates of yearly averages of water-vapor pressures and temperatures at the Martian surface was used for this purpose. Water ice was found to be sufficiently unstable everywhere within 45degrees of the equator that if the observed WEH is due to water ice, it requires a low-permeability cover layer near the surface to isolate the water ice below from the atmosphere above. In contrast, epsomite or hexahydrite may be stable in many near-equatorial locations where significant amounts of WEH are observed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, Observ Midi Pyrenees, F-31400 Toulouse, France. Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Feldman, WC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM wfeldman@lanl.gov RI Carey, James/B-4421-2011; Funsten, Herbert/A-5702-2015; Mellon, Michael/C-3456-2016; Lawrence, David/E-7463-2015 OI Funsten, Herbert/0000-0002-6817-1039; Lawrence, David/0000-0002-7696-6667 NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 24 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 16 AR L16702 DI 10.1029/2004GL020181 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 850LY UT WOS:000223614500001 ER PT J AU Alvarez, D Jones-Lepp, T Stackelberg, PE Petty, J Huckins, J Furlong, ET Zaugg, SD Meyer, M AF Alvarez, D Jones-Lepp, T Stackelberg, PE Petty, J Huckins, J Furlong, ET Zaugg, SD Meyer, M TI Water quality monitoring of pharmaceuticals and personal care products using passive samplers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Columbia Environm Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM dalvarez@usgs.gov RI Furlong, Edward/C-3999-2011 OI Furlong, Edward/0000-0002-7305-4603 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 163-ENVR BP U617 EP U617 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712802440 ER PT J AU Crawford, CG Gilliom, RJ AF Crawford, CG Gilliom, RJ TI Estimating pesticide concentrations in US streams from watershed characteristics and pesticide properties. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US Geol Survey, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. EM cgcrawfo@usgs.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 140-AGRO BP U105 EP U105 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800466 ER PT J AU Furlong, ET Kinney, CA Ferrer, I Werner, S Cahill, J Ratterman, G AF Furlong, ET Kinney, CA Ferrer, I Werner, S Cahill, J Ratterman, G TI Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in solids: Analysis and field results for sediment, soil and biosolid samples. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM efurlong@usgs.gov RI Furlong, Edward/C-3999-2011; Ferrer, Imma/A-8161-2008 OI Furlong, Edward/0000-0002-7305-4603; Ferrer, Imma/0000-0002-8730-7851 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 183-ENVR BP U620 EP U620 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712802460 ER PT J AU Gu, BH Bao, HM Horita, J Brown, GM Sturchio, NC Bohlke, JF AF Gu, BH Bao, HM Horita, J Brown, GM Sturchio, NC Bohlke, JF TI Selective ion exchange for perchlorate separation, recovery, and environmental forensics. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM gub1@ornl.gov RI Gu, Baohua/B-9511-2012 OI Gu, Baohua/0000-0002-7299-2956 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 055-AGRO BP U92 EP U92 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800384 ER PT J AU Levine, AD Kish, GR Meyer, M AF Levine, AD Kish, GR Meyer, M TI Distribution of pharmaceuticals, hormones and household and industrial chemicals during wastewater treatment at the Howard F. Curren advanced wastewater treatment facility, Tampa, Florida. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. Univ S Florida, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM levine@eng.usf.edu; gkish@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 290-ENVR BP U638 EP U638 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712802567 ER PT J AU Lin, YP Singer, PC Aiken, GR AF Lin, YP Singer, PC Aiken, GR TI Inhibition of heterogeneous calcite crystallization by Suwannee River fulvic acid: Kinetics, mechanism and thermodynamics. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Denver, CO USA. EM yipinlin@email.unc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 127-ENVR BP U611 EP U611 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712802404 ER PT J AU Quist, MC Hubert, WA Isaak, DJ AF Quist, MC Hubert, WA Isaak, DJ TI Factors affecting allopatric and sympatric occurrence of two sculpin species across a rocky mountain watershed SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID STREAM; SEGREGATION; COEXISTENCE; COTTUS AB We assessed factors related to the occurrence of allopatric and sympatric Paiute Sculpin (Cottus beldingi) and Mottled Sculpin (Cottus bairdi) in the Salt River watershed of Wyoming and Idaho, 1996-1997. Sympatric occurrences of Paiute Sculpin and Mottled Sculpin were found in downstream segments of tributaries across a wide range of elevations, stream temperatures, channel slopes, and stream sizes. Allopatric Paiute Sculpin was found in small, high-elevation streams with low summer water temperatures, high channel slopes, large rocky substrates, and low densities of Brown Trout (Salmo trutta). Allopatric Mottled Sculpin occurred in spring streams that were wide and deep, dominated by fine substrate, and supported high densities of Brown Trout. Mottled Sculpin was absent from all tributaries on the eastern side of the drainage where streams have low summer water temperatures, high-gradient channels, and barriers that can influence upstream movements. This study suggests that stream geomorphology, thermal characteristics, local habitat conditions, and normative fishes differentially influence the occurrence of Paiute Sculpin and Mottled Sculpin. C1 Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Quist, MC (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM mcquist@uwyo.edu RI Isaak, Dan/C-8818-2011 NR 19 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD AUG 20 PY 2004 IS 3 BP 617 EP 623 DI 10.1643/CE-04-026R1 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 849FL UT WOS:000223524000020 ER PT J AU Boone, MD Little, EE Semlitsch, RD AF Boone, MD Little, EE Semlitsch, RD TI Overwintered Bullfrog tadpoles negatively affect salamanders and anurans in native amphibian communities SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID RED-LEGGED FROGS; RANA-CATESBEIANA; INTRODUCED BULLFROGS; COMPETITION; PREDATION; GRADIENT; LARVAE AB We examined the interactive effects of overwintered Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) tadpoles and pond hydroperiod on a community of larval amphibians in outdoor mesocosms including American Toads (Bufo americanus), Southern Leopard Frogs (Rana sphenocephala), and Spotted Salamanders (Ambystoma maculatum)-species within the native range of Bullfrogs. Spotted Salamanders and Southern Leopard Frogs were negatively influenced by the presence of overwintered Bullfrogs. Spotted Salamanders had shorter larval periods and slightly smaller masses at metamorphosis, and Southern Leopard Frogs had smaller masses at metamorphosis when reared with Bullfrogs than without. Presence of overwintered Bullfrogs, however, did not significantly affect American Toads. Longer pond hydroperiods resulted in greater survival, greater size at metamorphosis, longer larval periods, and later time until emergence of the first metamorphs for Southern Leopard Frog tadpoles and Spotted Salamander larvae. Our study demonstrated that overwintered Bullfrog tadpoles can respond to changing pond hydroperiods and can negatively impact metamorphosis of native amphibians. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Boone, MD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM michelle_boone@usgs.gov OI Semlitsch, Raymond/0000-0002-7999-5762 NR 25 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 19 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD AUG 20 PY 2004 IS 3 BP 683 EP 690 DI 10.1643/CE-03-229R1 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 849FL UT WOS:000223524000029 ER PT J AU Long, AJ Putnam, LD AF Long, AJ Putnam, LD TI Linear model describing three components of flow in karst aquifers using O-18 data SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE stable isotopes; karst aquifers; linear systems; aquifer response; mathematical models; signal processing ID RESIDENCE TIMES; SYSTEMS AB The stable isotope of oxygen, 180, is used as a naturally occurring ground-water tracer. Time-series data for 5 180 are analyzed to model the distinct responses and relative proportions of the conduit, intermediate, and diffuse flow components in karst aquifers. This analysis also describes mathematically the dynamics of the transient fluid interchange between conduits and diffusive networks. Conduit and intermediate flow are described by linear-systems methods, whereas diffuse flow is described by mass-balance methods. An automated optimization process estimates parameters of lognormal, Pearson type III, and gamma distributions, which are used as transfer functions in linear-systems analysis. Diffuse flow and mixing parameters also are estimated by these optimization methods. Results indicate the relative proximity of a well to a main conduit flowpath and can help to predict the movement and residence times of potential contaminants. The three-component linear model is applied to five wells, which respond to changes in the isotopic composition of point recharge water from a sinking stream in the Madison aquifer in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Flow velocities as much as 540 m/d and system memories of as much as 71 years are estimated by this method. Also, the mean, median, and standard deviation of traveltimes; time to peak response; and the relative fraction of flow for each of the three components are determined for these wells. This analysis infers that flow may branch apart and rejoin as a result of an anastomotic (or channeled) karst network. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. RP Long, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1608 Mt View, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. EM ajlong@usgs.gov; ldputnam@usgs.gov RI Long, Andrew/A-9204-2008 OI Long, Andrew/0000-0001-7385-8081 NR 29 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD AUG 20 PY 2004 VL 296 IS 1-4 BP 254 EP 270 DI 10.1016/j.jhyrol.2004.03.023 PG 17 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 844HQ UT WOS:000223149300015 ER PT J AU Dartevelle, S Rose, WI Stix, J Kelfoun, K Vallance, JW AF Dartevelle, S Rose, WI Stix, J Kelfoun, K Vallance, JW TI Numerical modeling of geophysical granular flows: 2. Computer simulations of plinian clouds and pyroclastic flows and surges SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE plinian cloud; granular gravity currents; pyroclastic flows; granular rheologies; depositional process; turbulence; mathematical geophysics : modeling; mathematical geophysics : nonlinear dynamics; volcanology : eruption mechanisms ID COLLAPSING VOLCANIC COLUMNS; NONSYMMETRIC LINEAR-SYSTEMS; ST-HELENS ERUPTION; IGNIMBRITE; DYNAMICS; EMPLACEMENT; GENERATION AB [1] Geophysical granular flows display complex nonlinear, nonuniform, and unsteady rheologies, depending on the volumetric grain concentration within the flow: kinetic, kinetic-collisional, and frictional. To account for the whole spectrum of granular rheologies ( and hence concentrations), we have used and further developed for geophysical-atmospheric applications a multiphase computer model initially developed by U. S. Department of Energy laboratories: ( Geophysical) Multiphase Flow with Interphase Exchange. As demonstrated in this manuscript, ( G) MFIX can successfully simulate a large span of pyroclastic phenomena and related processes: plinian clouds, pyroclastic flows and surges, flow transformations, and depositional processes. Plinian cloud simulations agree well with the classical plume theory and historical eruptions in the upper altitude of the cloud ( HT) versus mass flux diagram. At high mass flux (> 10(7) kg/s), plinian clouds pulsate periodically with time because of the vertical propagations of acoustic-gravity waves within the clouds. The lowest undercooled temperature anomalies measured within the upper part of the column can be as low as - 18 K, which agrees well with El Chichon and Mt. St. Helens eruptions. Vertical and horizontal speed profiles within the plinian cloud compare well with those inferred from simple plume models and from umbrella experiments. Pyroclastic flow and surge simulations show that both end-members are closely tight together; e. g., an initially diluted flow may generate a denser basal underflow, which will eventually outrun the expanded head of the flow. We further illustrate evidence of vertical and lateral flow transformation processes between diluted and concentrated flows, particularly laterally from a turbulent "maintained over time fluidized zone'' near source. Our comprehensive granular rheological model and our simulations demonstrate that the main depositional process is mainly a progressive vertical aggradation. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Min & Geol Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2A7, Canada. Univ Clermont Ferrand, OPGC, Lab Magmas & Volcans, F-63038 Clermont Ferrand, France. Cascade Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Dartevelle, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys EES-11,MS D443, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM sdart@lanl.gov RI Rose, William/A-7923-2009 NR 61 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD AUG 18 PY 2004 VL 5 AR Q08004 DI 10.1029/2003GC000637 PG 36 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 849MT UT WOS:000223543500002 ER PT J AU Zhuang, Q Melillo, JM Kicklighter, DW Prinn, RG McGuire, AD Steudler, PA Felzer, BS Hu, S AF Zhuang, Q Melillo, JM Kicklighter, DW Prinn, RG McGuire, AD Steudler, PA Felzer, BS Hu, S TI Methane fluxes between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere at northern high latitudes during the past century: A retrospective analysis with a process-based biogeochemistry model SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE methane emissions; methane oxidation; permafrost ID SEASON-LONG MEASUREMENT; SOIL THERMAL DYNAMICS; NATURAL WETLANDS; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CH4 OXIDATION; BOREAL FOREST; EMISSIONS; CONSUMPTION AB [1] We develop and use a new version of the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM) to study how rates of methane (CH4) emissions and consumption in high-latitude soils of the Northern Hemisphere have changed over the past century in response to observed changes in the region's climate. We estimate that the net emissions of CH4 (emissions minus consumption) from these soils have increased by an average 0.08 Tg CH4 yr(-1) during the twentieth century. Our estimate of the annual net emission rate at the end of the century for the region is 51 Tg CH4 yr(-1). Russia, Canada, and Alaska are the major CH4 regional sources to the atmosphere, responsible for 64%, 11%, and 7% of these net emissions, respectively. Our simulations indicate that large interannual variability in net CH4 emissions occurred over the last century. Our analyses of the responses of net CH4 emissions to the past climate change suggest that future global warming will increase net CH4 emissions from the Pan-Arctic region. The higher net CH4 emissions may increase atmospheric CH4 concentrations to provide a major positive feedback to the climate system. C1 Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. MIT, Joint Program Sci & Policy Global Change, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Zhuang, Q (reprint author), Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM qzhuang@mbl.edu; jmelillo@mbl.edu; dkick@mbl.edu; rprinn@mit.edu; ffadm@uaf.edu; steudler@mbl.edu; bfelzer@mbl.edu; shu@mbl.edu RI Zhuang, Qianlai/A-5670-2009 NR 89 TC 151 Z9 162 U1 3 U2 64 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD AUG 18 PY 2004 VL 18 IS 3 AR GB3010 DI 10.1029/2004GB002239 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 849NI UT WOS:000223545100001 ER PT J AU Denslow, ND Kocerha, J Sepulveda, MS Gross, T Holm, SE AF Denslow, ND Kocerha, J Sepulveda, MS Gross, T Holm, SE TI Gene expression fingerprints of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) exposed to pulp and paper mill effluents SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE pulp mill effluents; estrogen; estrogen receptor; estradiol; endocrine disruptors; mRNA; differential display PCR; largemouth bass ID VITELLOGENIN MESSENGER-RNA; RAINBOW-TROUT; IN-VITRO; CYPRINODON-VARIEGATUS; BETA-SITOSTEROL; WHITE SUCKER; RIVER WATER; KRAFT PULP; REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION; SHEEPSHEAD MINNOWS AB Effluents from pulp and paper mills that historically have used elemental chlorine in the bleaching process have been implicated in inhibiting reproduction in fish. Compounds with estrogenic and androgenic binding affinities have been found in these effluents, suggesting that the impairment of reproduction is through an endocrine-related mode of action. To date, a great deal of attention has been paid to phytoestrogens and resin acids that are present in mill process streams as a result of pulping trees. Estrogen and estrogen mimics interact directly with the estrogen receptor and have near immediate effects on gene transcription by turning on the expression of a unique set of genes. Using differential display (DD) RT-PCR, we examined changes in gene expression induced by exposure to paper mill effluents. Largemouth bass were exposed to 0, 10, 20, 40, and 80% paper mill effluent concentrations in large flow-through tanks for varied periods of time including 7, 28 or 56 days. Plasma hormone levels in males and females and plasma vitellogenin (Vtg) in females decreased with dose and time. Measurements of changes in gene expression using DD RT-PCR suggest that the gene expression patterns of male fish do not change much with exposure, except for the induction of a few genes including CYP 1A, a protein that is induced through the action of the Ah receptor in response to dioxin and similar polyaromatic hydrocarbons. However, in the case of females, exposure to these effluents resulted in an up-regulation of CYP 1A that was accompanied by a generalized down-regulation of genes normally expressed during the reproductive season. These antiestrogenic changes are in agreement with previous studies in bass exposed to these effluents, and could result in decreased reproductive success in affected populations. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Biotechnol Program, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. USGS, Ctr Aquat Resource Studies, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. Georgia Pacific Corp, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Denslow, ND (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM denslow@biotech.ufl.edu RI Sepulveda, Maria/P-3598-2014 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P42 ES 07375] NR 53 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0027-5107 J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. PD AUG 18 PY 2004 VL 552 IS 1-2 BP 19 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.06.001 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 847EY UT WOS:000223376700002 PM 15288539 ER PT J AU Whitman, RL Nevers, MB AF Whitman, RL Nevers, MB TI Escherichia coli sampling reliability at a frequently closed Chicago beach: Monitoring and management implications SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LAKE-MICHIGAN BEACH; BATHING WATER-QUALITY; INDICATOR BACTERIA; SAND; BAY; ENTEROCOCCI; POLLUTION; SUNLIGHT; SURVIVAL; SEAWATER AB Monitoring beaches for recreational water quality is becoming more common, but few sampling designs or policy approaches have evaluated the efficacy of monitoring programs. The authors intensively sampled water for E coli (N=1770) at 63rd Street Beach, Chicago for 6 months in 2000 in order to (1) characterize spatial-temporal trends, (2) determine between and within transect variation, and (3) estimate sample size requirements and determine sampling reliability. E coli counts were highly variable within and between sampling sites but spatially and diurnally autocorrelated. Variation in counts decreased with water depth and time of day. Required number of samples was high for 70% precision around the critical closure level (i.e., 6 within or 24 between transect replicates). Since spatial replication may be cost prohibitive, composite sampling is an alternative once sources of error have been well defined. The results suggest that beach monitoring programs may be requiring too few samples to fulfill management objectives desired. As the recreational water quality national database is developed, it is important that sampling strategies are empirically derived from a thorough understanding of the sources of variation and the reliability of collected data. Greater monitoring efficacy will yield better policy decisions, risk assessments, programmatic goals, and future usefulness of the information. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN 46304 USA. RP Whitman, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, 1100 N Mineral Springs Rd, Porter, IN 46304 USA. EM Richard_Whitman@usgs.gov OI Nevers, Meredith/0000-0001-6963-6734 NR 27 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 16 BP 4241 EP 4246 DI 10.1021/es034978i PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 846HK UT WOS:000223306300005 PM 15382848 ER PT J AU Gray, JE Hines, ME Higueras, PL Adatto, I Lasorsa, BK AF Gray, JE Hines, ME Higueras, PL Adatto, I Lasorsa, BK TI Mercury speciation and microbial transformations in mine wastes, stream sediments, and surface waters at the Almaden Mining District, Spain SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL-IMPACT; METHYLMERCURY; GEOCHEMISTRY; METHYLATION; CALIFORNIA; SYSTEMS; SOILS; RIVER; FISH; USA AB Speciation of Hg and conversion to methyl-Hg were evaluated in mine wastes, sediments, and water collected from the Almaden District, Spain, the world's largest Hg producing region. Our data for methyl-Hg, a neurotoxin hazardous to humans, are the first reported for sediment and water from the Almaden area. Concentrations of Hg and methyl-Hg in mine waste, sediment, and water from Almaden are among the highest found at Hg mines worldwide. Mine wastes from Almaden contain highly elevated Hg concentrations, ranging from 160 to 34 000 mug/g, and methyl-Hg varies from <0.20 to 3100 ng/g. Isotopic tracer methods indicate that mine wastes at one site (Almadenejos) exhibit unusually high rates of Hg-methylation, which correspond with mine wastes containing the highest methyl-Hg concentrations. Streamwater collected near the Almaden mine is also contaminated, containing Hg as high as 13 000 ng/L and methyl-Hg as high as 30 ng/L; corresponding stream sediments contain Hg concentrations as high as 2300 mug/g and methyl-Hg concentrations as high as 82 ng/g. Several streamwaters contain Hg concentrations in excess of the 1000 ng/L World Health Organization (WHO) drinking water standard. Methyl-Hg formation and degradation was rapid in mines wastes and stream sediments demonstrating the dynamic nature of Hg cycling. These data indicate substantial downstream transport of Hg from the Almaden mine and significant conversion to methyl-Hg in the surface environment. C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol Sci, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Castilla La Mancha, Almaden 13400, Spain. Battelle Marine Sci Lab, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. RP Gray, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046,MS 973, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM jgray@usgs.gov RI Higueras, Pablo/F-1714-2010 OI Higueras, Pablo/0000-0002-3662-7302 NR 40 TC 143 Z9 152 U1 3 U2 45 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 16 BP 4285 EP 4292 DI 10.1021/es040359d PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 846HK UT WOS:000223306300011 PM 15382854 ER PT J AU Lee, JF Chao, HP Chiou, CT Manes, M AF Lee, JF Chao, HP Chiou, CT Manes, M TI Turbulence effects on volatilization rates of liquids and solutes SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATER AB Volatilization rates of neat liquids (benzene, toluene, fluorobenzene, bromobenzene, ethylbenzene, m-xylene, o-xylene, o-dichlorobenzene, and 1-methylnaphthalene) and of solutes(phenol, m-cresol, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, and ethylene dibromide) from dilute water solutions have been measured in the laboratory over a wide range of air speeds and water-stirring rates. The overall transfer coefficients NO for individual solutes are independent of whether they are in single- or multi-solute solutions. The gas-film transfer coefficients (k(G)) for solutes in the two-film model, which have hitherto been estimated by extrapolation from reference coefficients, can now be determined directly from the volatilization rates of neat liquids through a new algorithm. The associated liquid film transfer coefficients (k(L)) can then be obtained from measured K-L and k(G) values and solute Henry law constants (H). This approach provides a novel means for checking the precision of any k(L) and k(G) estimation methods for ultimate prediction of K-L. The improved k(G) estimation enables accurate K-L predictions for low-volatility (i.e., low-H) solutes where K-L and k(G)H are essentially equal. In addition, the prediction of K-L values for high-volatility (i.e., high-H) solutes, where K-L congruent to k(L), is also improved by using appropriate reference k(L) values. C1 Natl Cent Univ, Grad Inst Environm Engn, Chungli 320, Taiwan. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Kent State Univ, Dept Chem, Kent, OH 44242 USA. RP Lee, JF (reprint author), Natl Cent Univ, Grad Inst Environm Engn, Chungli 320, Taiwan. EM jflee@ncuen.ncu.edu.tw; ctchiou@usgs.gov RI Chiou, Cary/C-3203-2013 NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 16 BP 4327 EP 4333 DI 10.1021/es0353964 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 846HK UT WOS:000223306300017 PM 15382860 ER PT J AU Drexler, JZ Snyder, RL Spano, D Paw, KTU AF Drexler, JZ Snyder, RL Spano, D Paw, KTU TI A review of models and micrometeorological methods used to estimate wetland evapotranspiration SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Review DE Bowen ratio energy balance; eddy covariance; evapotranspiration; LIDAR; Penman-Monteith equation; Priestley-Taylor equation; surface renewal; wetland ID LATENT-HEAT FLUX; DUNES NATIONAL LAKESHORE; SURFACE RENEWAL ANALYSIS; WATER-BALANCE; DOMINATED WETLAND; IRRIGATED RICE; RAMAN LIDAR; ENERGY FLUX; EVAPORATION; FOREST AB Within the past decade or so, the accuracy of evapotranspiration (ET) estimates has improved due to new and increasingly sophisticated methods. Yet despite a plethora of choices concerning methods, estimation of wetland ET remains insufficiently characterized due to the complexity of surface characteristics and the diversity of wetland types. In this review, we present models and micrometeorological methods that have been used to estimate wetland ET and discuss their suitability for particular wetland types. Hydrological, soil monitoring and lysimetric methods to determine ET are not discussed. Our review shows that, due to the variability and complexity of wetlands, there is no single approach that is the best for estimating wetland ET. Furthermore, there is no single foolproof method to obtain an accurate, independent measure of wetland ET Because all of the methods reviewed, with the exception of eddy covariance and LIDAR, require measurements of net radiation (R-n) and soil heat flux (G), highly accurate measurements of these energy components are key to improving measurements of wetland ET. Many of the major methods used to determine ET can be applied successfully to wetlands of uniform vegetation and adequate fetch, however, certain caveats apply. For example, with accurate R-n and G data and small Bowen ratio (beta) values, the Bowen ratio energy balance method can give accurate estimates of wetland ET. However, large errors in latent heat flux density can occur near sunrise and sunset when the Bowen ratio beta approximate to -1.0. The eddy covariance, method provides a direct measurement of latent heat flux density (lambdaE) and sensible heat flux density (H), yet this method requires considerable expertise and expensive instrumentation to implement. A clear advantage of using the eddy covariance method is that lambdaE can be compared with R-n-G-H, thereby allowing for an independent test of accuracy. The surface renewal method is inexpensive to replicate and, therefore, shows particular promise for characterizing variability in ET as a result of spatial heterogeneity. LIDAR is another method that has special utility in a heterogeneous wetland environment, because it provides an integrated value for ET from a surface. The main drawback of LIDAR is the high cost of equipment and the need for an independent ET measure to assess accuracy. If R-n and G are measured accurately, the Priestley-Taylor equation can be used successfully with site-specific calibration factors to estimate wetland ET. The 'crop' cover coefficient (K-c) method can provide accurate wetland ET estimates if calibrated for the environmental and climatic characteristics of a particular area. More complicated equations such as the Penman and Penman-Monteith equations also can be used to estimate wetland ET, but surface variability and lack of information on aerodynamic and surface resistances make use of such equations somewhat questionable. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Sassari, Dipartimento Econ & Sistemi Arborei, I-07100 Sassari, Italy. RP Drexler, JZ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM jdrexler@usgs.gov NR 117 TC 150 Z9 160 U1 10 U2 113 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 18 IS 11 BP 2071 EP 2101 DI 10.1002/hyp.1462 PG 31 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 845UW UT WOS:000223271800007 ER PT J AU Stackelberg, PE Furlong, ET Meyer, MT Zaugg, SD Henderson, AK Reissman, DB AF Stackelberg, PE Furlong, ET Meyer, MT Zaugg, SD Henderson, AK Reissman, DB TI Persistence of pharmaceutical compounds and other organic wastewater contaminants in a conventional drinking-watertreatment plant SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE pharmaceuticals; wastewater contaminants; water treatment ID SURFACE WATERS; CLOFIBRIC ACID; GROUND-WATER; SEWAGE; METABOLITES; PESTICIDES; FATE; DEGRADATION; ENVIRONMENT; HERBICIDES AB In a study conducted by the US Geological Survey and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 24 water samples were collected at selected locations within a drinking-water-treatment (DWT) facility and from the two streams that serve the facility to evaluate the potential for wastewater-related organic contaminants to survive a conventional treatment process and persist in potable-water supplies. Stream-water samples as well as samples of raw, settled, filtered, and finished water were collected during low-flow conditions, when the discharge of effluent from upstream municipal sewage-treatment plants accounted for 37-67% of flow in stream 1 and 10-20% of flow in stream 2. Each sample was analyzed for 106 organic wastewater-related contaminants (OWCs) that represent a diverse group of extensively used chemicals. Forty OWCs were detected in one or more samples of stream water or raw-water supplies in the treatment plant; 34 were detected in more than 10% of these samples. Several of these compounds also were frequently detected in samples of finished water; these compounds include selected prescription and non-prescription drugs and their metabolites, fragrance compounds, flame retardants and plasticizers, cosmetic compounds, and a solvent. The detection of these compounds suggests that they resist removal through conventional water-treatment processes. Other compounds that also were frequently detected in samples of stream water and raw-water supplies were not detected in samples of finished water; these include selected prescription and non-prescription drugs and their metabolites, disinfectants, detergent metabolites, and plant and animal steroids. The non-detection of these compounds indicates that their concentrations are reduced to levels less than analytical detection limits or that they are transformed to degradates through conventional DWT processes. Concentrations of OWCs detected in finished water generally were low and did not exceed Federal drinking-water standards or lifetime health advisories, although such standards or advisories have not been established for most of these compounds. Also, at least 11 and as many as 17 OWCs were detected in samples of finished water. Drinking-water criteria currently are based on the toxicity of individual compounds and not combinations of compounds. Little is known about potential human-health effects associated with chronic exposure to trace levels of multiple OWCs through routes such as drinking water. The occurrence in drinking-water supplies of many of the OWCs analyzed for during this study is unregulated and most of these compounds have not been routinely monitored for in the Nation's source- or potable-water supplies. This study provides the first documentation that many of these compounds can survive conventional water-treatment processes and occur in potable-water supplies. It thereby provides information that can be used in setting research and regulatory priorities and in designing future monitoring programs. The results of this study also indicate that improvements in water-treatment processes may benefit from consideration of the response of OWCs and other trace organic contaminants to specific physical and chemical treatments. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Ocala, FL 34474 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Stackelberg, PE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 810 Bear Tavern Rd, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. EM pestack@usgs.gov RI Furlong, Edward/C-3999-2011; OI Furlong, Edward/0000-0002-7305-4603; Meyer, Michael/0000-0001-6006-7985 NR 33 TC 467 Z9 498 U1 32 U2 249 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 329 IS 1-3 BP 99 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.03.015 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 844MS UT WOS:000223163000008 PM 15262161 ER PT J AU Hickman, S Zoback, M AF Hickman, S Zoback, M TI Stress orientations and magnitudes in the SAFOD pilot hole SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; HEAT-FLOW; CAJON PASS; CALIFORNIA; MECHANICS; BOREHOLES; PARKFIELD; STATE; FIELD; ZONE AB Borehole breakouts and drilling-induced tensile fractures in the 2.2-km-deep SAFOD pilot hole at Parkfield, CA, indicate significant local variations in the direction of the maximum horizontal compressive stress, S-Hmax, but show a generalized increase in the angle between S-Hmax and the San Andreas Fault with depth. This angle ranges from a minimum of 25 +/- 10degrees at 1000-1150 m to a maximum of 69 +/- 14degrees at 2050-2200 m. The simultaneous occurrence of tensile fractures and borehole breakouts indicates a transitional strike-slip to reverse faulting stress regime with high horizontal differential stress, although there is considerable uncertainty in our estimates of horizontal stress magnitudes. If stress observations near the bottom of the pilot hole are representative of stresses acting at greater depth, then they are consistent with regional stress field indicators and an anomalously weak San Andreas Fault in an otherwise strong crust. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Hickman, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM hickman@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 135 Z9 138 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 13 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 15 AR L15S12 DI 10.1029/2004GL020043 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 846UN UT WOS:000223342500001 ER PT J AU Fitzenz, DD Miller, SA AF Fitzenz, DD Miller, SA TI New insights on stress rotations from a forward regional model of the San Andreas fault system near its Big Bend in southern California SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE fault strength; stress orientations; numerical modeling ID FLUID PRESSURE; CAJON PASS; HEAT-FLOW; EARTHQUAKE; ZONE; COMPACTION; DEFORMATION; MECHANICS; SHEAR; FIELD AB Understanding the stress field surrounding and driving active fault systems is an important component of mechanistic seismic hazard assessment. We develop and present results from a time-forward three-dimensional (3-D) model of the San Andreas fault system near its Big Bend in southern California. The model boundary conditions are assessed by comparing model and observed tectonic regimes. The model of earthquake generation along two fault segments is used to target measurable properties (e.g., stress orientations, heat flow) that may allow inferences on the stress state on the faults. It is a quasi-static model, where GPS-constrained tectonic loading drives faults modeled as mostly sealed viscoelastic bodies embedded in an elastic half-space subjected to compaction and shear creep. A transpressive tectonic regime develops southwest of the model bend as a result of the tectonic loading and migrates toward the bend because of fault slip. The strength of the model faults is assessed on the basis of stress orientations, stress drop, and overpressures, showing a departure in the behavior of 3-D finite faults compared to models of 1-D or homogeneous infinite faults. At a smaller scale, stress transfers from fault slip transiently induce significant perturbations in the local stress tensors (where the slip profile is very heterogeneous). These stress rotations disappear when subsequent model earthquakes smooth the slip profile. Maps of maximum absolute shear stress emphasize both that (1) future models should include a more continuous representation of the faults and (2) that hydrostatically pressured intact rock is very difficult to break when no material weakness is considered. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. ETH Honggerberg, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Geophys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Fitzenz, DD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS-977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM fitzenz@usgs.gov NR 47 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD AUG 11 PY 2004 VL 109 IS B8 AR B08404 DI 10.1029/2003JB002890 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 846VF UT WOS:000223345200005 ER PT J AU Diehl, SF Goldhaber, MB Hatch, JR AF Diehl, SF Goldhaber, MB Hatch, JR TI Modes of occurrence of mercury and other trace elements in coals from the warrior field, Black Warrior Basin, Northwestern Alabama SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coal; mercury; arsenic; Black Warrior Basin; pyrite ID MINERAL MATTER; REDUCED SULFUR; GEOCHEMISTRY AB The mineralogic residence and abundance of trace metals is an important environmental issue. Data from the USGS coal quality database show that potentially toxic elements, including Hg, As, Mo, Se, Cu, and Tl are enriched in a subset of coal samples in the Black Warrior Basin of Alabama, USA. Although the coal as-mined typically is low in these elements, localized enrichments occur in high-pyrite coals and near faults. Microscopic analyses demonstrate that the residence of these elements is dominantly in a late-stage pyrite associated with structurally disrupted coal. Further, our data suggest addition of Hg to the coal matrix as well. The source of these trace elements was hydrothermal fluids driven into the Black Warrior Basin by Alleghanian age tectonism. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Diehl, SF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM diehl@usgs.gov; mgold@usgs.gov; jrhatch@usgs.gov NR 29 TC 75 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD AUG 10 PY 2004 VL 59 IS 3-4 BP 193 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2004.02.003 PG 16 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 846JH UT WOS:000223311300003 ER PT J AU Godsey, S Elsenbeer, H Stallard, R AF Godsey, S Elsenbeer, H Stallard, R TI Overland flow generation in two lithologically distinct rainforest catchments SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Barro Colorado Island; Panama; overland flow; runoff generation; saturated hydraulic conductivity; K-S; tropical rainforest; vertical and horizontal flowpaths; concentrated flow lines ID BARRO-COLORADO ISLAND; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; PANAMA; FLOWPATHS; PATTERNS AB Streams on uniformly rainforest-covered, but lithologically very diverse Barro Colorado Island in central Panamd show remarkable differences in their runoff response to rainfall. This lithological diversity is reflected in equally diverse soilscapes, and our objective was to test the hypothesis that contrasting runoff responses derive from soilscape features that control the generation of overland flow. We determined the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity (K-s) of two neighboring, but hydrologically contrasting catchments (Lutz Creek with a flashy and Conrad Trail with a delayed response to rainfall), and quantified the spatial and temporal frequency of overland flow occurrence. The median K-s values at a depth of 12.5 cm are large enough to rule out Hortonian overland flow, but a marked decrease in K-s in Lutz Creek catchment at 30 cm suggests the formation of a perched water table and the generation saturation overland flow; the decrease in K-s in the Conrad Trail catchment is more gradual, and a perched water table is expected to form only at depths below 50 cm. In Lutz Creek, overland flow was generated frequently in time and space and regardless of topographic position, including near the interfluve, with very low thresholds of storm magnitude, duration, intensity and antecedent wetness, whereas in Conrad Trail, overland flow was generated much less frequently and then only locally. We conclude that soilscape features and microtopography are important controls of overland flow generation in these catchments. Our results contribute to the growing evidence that overland flow and forests are not a priori a contradiction in terms. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Potsdam, Inst Geoecol, D-14415 Potsdam, Germany. US Geol Survey, WRD, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Godsey, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 307 McCone Hall 4767, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM godseys@eps.berkeley.edu RI Stallard, Robert/H-2649-2013 OI Stallard, Robert/0000-0001-8209-7608 NR 28 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD AUG 10 PY 2004 VL 295 IS 1-4 BP 276 EP 290 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.03.014 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 841TU UT WOS:000222955300020 ER PT J AU Whipps, CM El-Matbouli, M Hedrick, RP Blazer, V Kent, ML AF Whipps, CM El-Matbouli, M Hedrick, RP Blazer, V Kent, ML TI Myxobolus cerebralis internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1) sequences support recent spread of the parasite to North America and within Europe SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Myxozoa; ribosomal DNA; Myxobolus cerebralis; Whirling disease; internal transcribed spacer ID WHIRLING DISEASE; RIBOSOMAL DNA; ECHINOCOCCUS; MYXOZOA AB Molecular approaches for resolving relationships among the Myxozoa have relied mainly on small subunit (SSU) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence analysis. This region of the gene is generally used for higher phylogenetic studies, and the conservative nature of this gene may make it inadequate for intraspecific comparisons. Previous intraspecific studies of Myxobolus cerebralis based on molecular analyses reported that the sequence of SSU rDNA and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) were highly conserved in representatives of the parasite from North America and Europe. Considering that the ITS is usually a more variable region than the SSU, we reanalyzed available sequences on GenBank and obtained sequences from other M, cerebralis representatives from the states of California and West Virginia in the USA and from Germany and Russia. With the exception of 7 base pairs, most of the sequence designated as ITS-1 in GenBank was a highly conserved portion of the rDNA near the 3-prime end of the SSU region. Nonetheless, the additional ITS-1 sequences obtained from the available geographic representatives were well conserved. It is unlikely that we would have observed virtually identical ITS-1 sequences between European and American M. cerebralis samples had it spread naturally over time, particularly when compared to the variation seen between isolates of another myxozoan (Kudoa thyrsites) that has most likely spread naturally. These data further support the hypothesis that the current distribution of M, cerebralis in North America is a result of recent introductions followed by dispersal via anthropogenic means, largely through the stocking of infected trout for sport fishing. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ctr Fish Dis Res, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Munich, Inst Zool Fischerei Biol & Fischkrankheiten, D-80539 Munich, Germany. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Whipps, CM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ctr Fish Dis Res, 220 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM whippsc@onid.orst.edu OI Whipps, Christopher/0000-0001-6139-0426 NR 15 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 9 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD AUG 9 PY 2004 VL 60 IS 2 BP 105 EP 108 DI 10.3354/dao060105 PG 4 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 858XL UT WOS:000224225800003 PM 15460854 ER PT J AU Squyres, SW Arvidson, RE Bell, JF Bruckner, J Cabrol, NA Calvin, W Carr, MH Christensen, PR Clark, BC Crumpler, L Des Marais, DJ d'Uston, C Economou, T Farmer, J Farrand, W Folkner, W Golombek, M Gorevan, S Grant, JA Greeley, R Grotzinger, J Haskin, L Herkenhoff, KE Hviid, S Johnson, J Klingelhofer, G Knoll, A Landis, G Lemmon, M Li, R Madsen, MB Malin, MC McLennan, SM McSween, HY Ming, DW Moersch, J Morris, RV Parker, T Rice, JW Richter, L Rieder, R Sims, M Smith, M Smith, P Soderblom, LA Sullivan, R Wanke, H Wdowiak, T Wolff, M Yen, A AF Squyres, SW Arvidson, RE Bell, JF Bruckner, J Cabrol, NA Calvin, W Carr, MH Christensen, PR Clark, BC Crumpler, L Des Marais, DJ d'Uston, C Economou, T Farmer, J Farrand, W Folkner, W Golombek, M Gorevan, S Grant, JA Greeley, R Grotzinger, J Haskin, L Herkenhoff, KE Hviid, S Johnson, J Klingelhofer, G Knoll, A Landis, G Lemmon, M Li, R Madsen, MB Malin, MC McLennan, SM McSween, HY Ming, DW Moersch, J Morris, RV Parker, T Rice, JW Richter, L Rieder, R Sims, M Smith, M Smith, P Soderblom, LA Sullivan, R Wanke, H Wdowiak, T Wolff, M Yen, A TI The Spirit Rover's Athena Science Investigation at Gusev Crater, Mars SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES EXPERIMENTS; X-RAY SPECTROMETER; MOSSBAUER SPECTROMETER; EXPLORATION ROVERS; MICROSCOPIC IMAGER; LANDING SITES; ART.; ROCKS; MISSION; FEATURES AB The Mars Exploration Rover Spirit and its Athena science payload have been used to investigate a landing site in Gusev crater. Gusev is hypothesized to be the site of a former lake, but no clear evidence for lacustrine sedimentation has been found to date. Instead, the dominant lithology is basalt, and the dominant geologic processes are impact events and eolian transport. Many rocks exhibit coatings and other characteristics that may be evidence for minor aqueous alteration. Any lacustrine sediments that may exist at this location within Gusev apparently have been buried by lavas that have undergone subsequent impact disruption. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Max Planck Inst Chem, Abt Kosmochem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. NASA, Ames SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Lockheed Martin Corp, Littleton, CO 80127 USA. New Mexico Museum Nat Hist & Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Honeybee Robot, New York, NY 10012 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Harvard Univ, Bot Museum, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Geodet Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen 0, Denmark. Malin Space Sci Syst, San Diego, CA 92191 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Raumsimulat, D-51170 Cologne, Germany. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Space Sci Inst, Martinez, GA 30907 USA. RP Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM squyres@astro.cornell.edu RI Lemmon, Mark/E-9983-2010; Moersch, Jeffrey/F-7189-2010; Smith, Michael/C-8875-2012; Madsen, Morten/D-2082-2011 OI Lemmon, Mark/0000-0002-4504-5136; Madsen, Morten/0000-0001-8909-5111 NR 32 TC 237 Z9 241 U1 4 U2 48 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 6 PY 2004 VL 305 IS 5685 BP 794 EP 799 DI 10.1126/science.3050794 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 843RT UT WOS:000223104900031 PM 15297657 ER PT J AU Bell, JF Squyres, SW Arvidson, RE Arneson, HM Bass, D Blaney, D Cabrol, N Calvin, W Farmer, J Farrand, WH Goetz, W Golombek, M Grant, JA Greeley, R Guinness, E Hayes, AG Hubbard, MYH Herkenhoff, KE Johnson, MJ Johnson, JR Joseph, J Kinch, KM Lemmon, MT Li, R Madsen, MB Maki, JN Malin, M McCartney, E McLennan, S McSween, HY Ming, DW Moersch, JE Morris, RV Dobrea, EZN Parker, TJ Proton, J Rice, JW Seelos, F Soderblom, J Soderblom, LA Sohl-Dickstein, JN Sullivan, RJ Wolff, MJ Wang, A AF Bell, JF Squyres, SW Arvidson, RE Arneson, HM Bass, D Blaney, D Cabrol, N Calvin, W Farmer, J Farrand, WH Goetz, W Golombek, M Grant, JA Greeley, R Guinness, E Hayes, AG Hubbard, MYH Herkenhoff, KE Johnson, MJ Johnson, JR Joseph, J Kinch, KM Lemmon, MT Li, R Madsen, MB Maki, JN Malin, M McCartney, E McLennan, S McSween, HY Ming, DW Moersch, JE Morris, RV Dobrea, EZN Parker, TJ Proton, J Rice, JW Seelos, F Soderblom, J Soderblom, LA Sohl-Dickstein, JN Sullivan, RJ Wolff, MJ Wang, A TI Pancam multispectral imaging results from the Spirit Rover at Gusev crater SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PATHFINDER LANDING SITE; MARS-PATHFINDER; REFLECTANCE SPECTRA; SOLAR-SYSTEM; DUST; MINERALOGY; ABUNDANCE AB Panoramic Camera images at Gusev crater reveal a rock-strewn surface interspersed with high-to moderate-albedo fine-grained deposits occurring in part as drifts or in small circular swales or hollows. Optically thick coatings of fine-grained ferric iron-rich dust dominate most bright soil and rock surfaces. Spectra of some darker rock surfaces and rock regions exposed by brushing or grinding show near-infrared spectral signatures consistent with the presence of mafic silicates such as pyroxene or olivine. Atmospheric observations show a steady decline in dust opacity during the mission, and astronomical observations captured solar transits by the martian moons, Phobos and Deimos, as well as a view of Earth from the martian surface. C1 Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Search Extraterr Intelligence Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89501 USA. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Univ Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Aarhus Univ, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Malin Space Sci Syst Inc, San Diego, CA 92191 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Bell, JF (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jfb8@cornell.edu RI Lemmon, Mark/E-9983-2010; Moersch, Jeffrey/F-7189-2010; Madsen, Morten/D-2082-2011; Hayes, Alexander/P-2024-2014; Kinch, Kjartan/C-5742-2015; Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015; Seelos, Frank/C-7875-2016; OI Lemmon, Mark/0000-0002-4504-5136; Madsen, Morten/0000-0001-8909-5111; Hayes, Alexander/0000-0001-6397-2630; Kinch, Kjartan/0000-0002-4629-8880; Seelos, Frank/0000-0001-9721-941X; Soderblom, Jason/0000-0003-3715-6407 NR 34 TC 108 Z9 108 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 6 PY 2004 VL 305 IS 5685 BP 800 EP 806 DI 10.1126/science.1100175 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 843RT UT WOS:000223104900032 PM 15297658 ER PT J AU Grant, JA Arvidson, R Bell, JF Cabrol, NA Carr, MH Christensen, P Crumpler, L Des Marais, DJ Ehlmann, BL Farmer, J Golombek, M Grant, FD Greeley, R Herkenhoff, K Li, R McSween, HY Ming, DW Moersch, J Rice, JW Ruff, S Richter, L Squyres, S Sullivan, R Weitz, C AF Grant, JA Arvidson, R Bell, JF Cabrol, NA Carr, MH Christensen, P Crumpler, L Des Marais, DJ Ehlmann, BL Farmer, J Golombek, M Grant, FD Greeley, R Herkenhoff, K Li, R McSween, HY Ming, DW Moersch, J Rice, JW Ruff, S Richter, L Squyres, S Sullivan, R Weitz, C TI Surficial deposits at Gusev crater along Spirit Rover traverses SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SIZE-FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS; MAADIM-VALLIS; LANDING SITES; MARS; EROSION; ROCKS AB The Mars Exploration Rover Spirit has traversed a fairly flat, rock-strewn terrain whose surface is shaped primarily by impact events, although some of the landscape has been altered by eolian processes. Impacts ejected basaltic rocks that probably were part of locally formed lava flows from at least 10 meters depth. Some rocks have been textured and/or partially buried by windblown sediments less than 2 millimeters in diameter that concentrate within shallow, partially filled, circular impact depressions referred to as hollows. The terrain traversed during the 90-sol (martian solar day) nominal mission shows no evidence for an ancient lake in Gusev crater. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SETI Inst, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. New Mexico Museum Nat Hist & Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Geodet Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. DLR, Inst Space Simulat, D-51170 Cologne, Germany. NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Grant, JA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM grantj@nasm.si.edu RI Moersch, Jeffrey/F-7189-2010 NR 30 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 6 PY 2004 VL 305 IS 5685 BP 807 EP 810 DI 10.1126/science.1099849 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 843RT UT WOS:000223104900033 PM 15297659 ER PT J AU Greeley, R Squyres, SW Arvidson, RE Bartlett, P Bell, JF Blaney, D Cabrol, NA Farmer, J Farrand, B Golombek, MP Gorevan, SP Grant, JA Haldemann, AFC Herkenhoff, KE Johnson, J Landis, G Madsen, MB McLennan, SM Moersch, J Rice, JW Richter, L Ruff, S Sullivan, RJ Thompson, SD Wang, A Weitz, CM Whelley, P AF Greeley, R Squyres, SW Arvidson, RE Bartlett, P Bell, JF Blaney, D Cabrol, NA Farmer, J Farrand, B Golombek, MP Gorevan, SP Grant, JA Haldemann, AFC Herkenhoff, KE Johnson, J Landis, G Madsen, MB McLennan, SM Moersch, J Rice, JW Richter, L Ruff, S Sullivan, RJ Thompson, SD Wang, A Weitz, CM Whelley, P CA Athena Sci Team TI Wind-related processes detected by the Spirit rover at Gusev Crater, Mars SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PATHFINDER LANDING SITE; SURFACES; ABRASION C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY USA. Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63031 USA. Honeybee Robot, New York, NY 10012 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Colorado, Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst Astron Phys & Geophys, Ctr Planetary Sci, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Univ Copenhagen, Orsted Lab, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfart, German Aerosp Ctr, Inst Space Simulat, D-51170 Cologne, Germany. NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Greeley, R (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Box 871404, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM Greeley@asu.edu RI Moersch, Jeffrey/F-7189-2010; Whelley, Patrick/B-9560-2012; Madsen, Morten/D-2082-2011 OI Whelley, Patrick/0000-0003-3266-9772; Madsen, Morten/0000-0001-8909-5111 NR 33 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 6 PY 2004 VL 305 IS 5685 BP 810 EP + DI 10.1126/science.1100108 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 843RT UT WOS:000223104900034 PM 15297660 ER PT J AU Arvidson, RE Anderson, RC Bartlett, P Bell, JF Blaney, D Christensen, PR Chu, P Crumpler, L Davis, K Ehlmann, BL Fergason, R Golombek, MP Gorevan, S Grant, JA Greeley, R Guinness, EA Haldemann, AFC Herkenhoff, K Johnson, J Landis, G Li, R Lindemann, R McSween, H Ming, DW Myrick, T Richter, L Seelos, FP Squyres, SW Sullivan, RJ Wang, A Wilson, J AF Arvidson, RE Anderson, RC Bartlett, P Bell, JF Blaney, D Christensen, PR Chu, P Crumpler, L Davis, K Ehlmann, BL Fergason, R Golombek, MP Gorevan, S Grant, JA Greeley, R Guinness, EA Haldemann, AFC Herkenhoff, K Johnson, J Landis, G Li, R Lindemann, R McSween, H Ming, DW Myrick, T Richter, L Seelos, FP Squyres, SW Sullivan, RJ Wang, A Wilson, J TI Localization and physical properties experiments conducted by Spirit at Gusev crater SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PATHFINDER AB The precise location and relative elevation of Spirit during its traverses from the Columbia Memorial station to Bonneville crater were determined with bundle-adjusted retrievals from rover wheel turns, suspension and tilt angles, and overlapping images. Physical properties experiments show a decrease of 0.2% per Mars solar day in solar cell output resulting from deposition of airborne dust, cohesive soil-like deposits in plains and hollows, bright and dark rock coatings, and relatively weak volcanic rocks of basaltic composition. Volcanic, impact, aeolian, and water-related processes produced the encountered landforms and materials. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Honeybee Robot, New York, NY 10012 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. New Mexico Museum Nat Hist & Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Geodet Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Deutsch Luft & Raumfahrt Inst Raumsimulat, D-51170 Cologne, Germany. RP Arvidson, RE (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RI Seelos, Frank/C-7875-2016 OI Seelos, Frank/0000-0001-9721-941X NR 10 TC 104 Z9 108 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 6 PY 2004 VL 305 IS 5685 BP 821 EP 824 DI 10.1126/science.1099922 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 843RT UT WOS:000223104900035 PM 15297662 ER PT J AU Herkenhoff, KE Squyres, SW Arvidson, R Bass, DS Bell, JF Bertelsen, P Cabrol, NA Gaddis, L Hayes, AG Hviid, SF Johnson, JR Kinch, KM Madsen, MB Maki, JN McLennan, SM McSween, HY Rice, JW Sims, M Smith, PH Soderblom, LA Spanovich, N Sullivan, R Wang, A AF Herkenhoff, KE Squyres, SW Arvidson, R Bass, DS Bell, JF Bertelsen, P Cabrol, NA Gaddis, L Hayes, AG Hviid, SF Johnson, JR Kinch, KM Madsen, MB Maki, JN McLennan, SM McSween, HY Rice, JW Sims, M Smith, PH Soderblom, LA Spanovich, N Sullivan, R Wang, A TI Textures of the soils and rocks at Gusev crater from Spirit's Microscopic Imager SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ROVER; MARS; SPECTROMETER AB The Microscopic Imager on the Spirit rover analyzed the textures of the soil and rocks at Gusev crater on Mars at a resolution of 100 micrometers. Weakly bound agglomerates of dust are present in the soil near the Columbia Memorial Station. Some of the brushed or abraded rock surfaces show igneous textures and evidence for alteration rinds, coatings, and veins consistent with secondary mineralization. The rock textures are consistent with a volcanic origin and subsequent alteration and/or weathering by impact events, wind, and possibly water. C1 US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Danish Space Res Inst, Ctr Planetary Sci, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark. Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst Astron Phys & Geophys, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. Aarhus Univ, Inst Phys & Astron, Aarhus, Denmark. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Washington Univ, McDonnell Ctr Space Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM kherkenhoff@usgs.gov RI Madsen, Morten/D-2082-2011; Hayes, Alexander/P-2024-2014; Kinch, Kjartan/C-5742-2015; Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015 OI Madsen, Morten/0000-0001-8909-5111; Hayes, Alexander/0000-0001-6397-2630; Kinch, Kjartan/0000-0002-4629-8880; NR 19 TC 97 Z9 98 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 6 PY 2004 VL 305 IS 5685 BP 824 EP 826 DI 10.1126/science.3050824 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 843RT UT WOS:000223104900036 PM 15297663 ER PT J AU Bertelsen, P Goetz, W Madsen, MB Kinch, KM Hviid, SF Knudsen, JM Gunnlaugsson, HP Merrison, J Nornberg, P Squyres, SW Bell, JF Herkenhoff, KE Gorevan, S Yen, AS Myrick, T Klingelhofer, G Rieder, R Gellert, R AF Bertelsen, P Goetz, W Madsen, MB Kinch, KM Hviid, SF Knudsen, JM Gunnlaugsson, HP Merrison, J Nornberg, P Squyres, SW Bell, JF Herkenhoff, KE Gorevan, S Yen, AS Myrick, T Klingelhofer, G Rieder, R Gellert, R TI Magnetic Properties Experiments on the Mars exploration Rover Spirit at Gusev crater SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID IRON-OXIDES; MOSSBAUER; SPECTROMETER; PATHFINDER; MISSION; IMAGER; ROCKS; SOILS AB The magnetic properties experiments are designed to help identify the magnetic minerals in the dust and rocks on Mars-and to determine whether liquid water was involved in the formation and alteration of these magnetic minerals. Almost all of the dust particles suspended in the martian atmosphere must contain ferrimagnetic minerals (such as maghemite or magnetite) in an amount of similar to2% by weight. The most magnetic fraction of the dust appears darker than the average dust. Magnetite was detected in the first two rocks ground by Spirit. C1 Univ Copenhagen, Danish Space Res Inst, Ctr Planetary Sci, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst Astron Phys & Geophys, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Univ Aarhus, Dept Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. Univ Aarhus, Dept Earth Sci, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. US Geol Survey, Branch Astrogeol, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Honeybee Robot Ltd, New York, NY 10012 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Inorgan & Analyt Chem, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. RP Univ Copenhagen, Danish Space Res Inst, Ctr Planetary Sci, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. EM preben@fys.ku.dk RI Nornberg, Per/A-6228-2012; Madsen, Morten/D-2082-2011; Kinch, Kjartan/C-5742-2015; OI Madsen, Morten/0000-0001-8909-5111; Kinch, Kjartan/0000-0002-4629-8880; merrison, jonathan/0000-0003-4362-6356 NR 13 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 6 PY 2004 VL 305 IS 5685 BP 827 EP 829 DI 10.1126/science.1100112 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 843RT UT WOS:000223104900037 PM 15297664 ER PT J AU Christensen, PR Ruff, SW Fergason, RL Knudson, AT Anwar, S Arvidson, RE Bandfield, JL Blaney, DL Budney, C Calvin, WM Glotch, TD Golombek, MP Gorelick, N Graff, TG Hamilton, VE Hayes, A Johnson, JR McSween, HY Mehall, GL Mehall, LK Moersch, JE Morris, RV Rogers, AD Smith, MD Squyres, SW Wolff, MJ Wyatt, MB AF Christensen, PR Ruff, SW Fergason, RL Knudson, AT Anwar, S Arvidson, RE Bandfield, JL Blaney, DL Budney, C Calvin, WM Glotch, TD Golombek, MP Gorelick, N Graff, TG Hamilton, VE Hayes, A Johnson, JR McSween, HY Mehall, GL Mehall, LK Moersch, JE Morris, RV Rogers, AD Smith, MD Squyres, SW Wolff, MJ Wyatt, MB TI Initial results from the Mini-TES experiment in Gusev crater from the Spirit rover SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID THERMAL EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; MARS; SPECTROMETER; ROCKS; TERRESTRIAL; MINERALS; SPECTRA; DUST AB The Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES) on Spirit has studied the mineralogy and thermophysical properties at Gusev crater. Undisturbed soil spectra show evidence for minor carbonates and bound water. Rocks are olivine-rich basalts with varying degrees of dust and other coatings. Dark-toned soils observed on disturbed surfaces may be derived from rocks and have derived mineralogy (+/- 5 to 10%) of 45% pyroxene (20% Ca-rich pyroxene and 25% pigeonite), 40% sodic to intermediate plagioclase, and 15% olivine (forsterite 45% +/- 5 to 10). Two spectrally distinct coatings are observed on rocks, a possible indicator of the interaction of water, rock, and airfall dust. Diurnal temperature data indicate particle sizes from 40 to 80 mum in hollows to similar to0.5 to 3 mm in soils. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Space Sci Inst, Martinez, GA 30907 USA. RP Christensen, PR (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM phil.christensen@asu.edu RI Glotch, Timothy/B-6829-2008; Moersch, Jeffrey/F-7189-2010; Smith, Michael/C-8875-2012; Hayes, Alexander/P-2024-2014; Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015; Rogers, Deanne/I-9737-2016 OI Hayes, Alexander/0000-0001-6397-2630; Rogers, Deanne/0000-0002-4671-2551 NR 26 TC 113 Z9 115 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 6 PY 2004 VL 305 IS 5685 BP 837 EP 842 DI 10.1126/science.1100564 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 843RT UT WOS:000223104900040 PM 15297667 ER PT J AU McSween, HY Arvidson, RE Bell, JF Blaney, D Cabrol, NA Christensen, PR Clark, BC Crisp, JA Crumpler, LS Des Marais, DJ Farmer, JD Gellert, R Ghosh, A Gorevan, S Graff, T Grant, J Haskin, LA Herkenhoff, KE Johnson, JR Jolliff, BL Klingelhoefer, G Knudson, AT McLEnnan, S Milam, KA Moersch, JE Morris, RV Rieder, R Ruff, SW de Souza, PA Squyres, SW Wanke, H Wang, A Wyatt, MB Yen, A Zipfel, J AF McSween, HY Arvidson, RE Bell, JF Blaney, D Cabrol, NA Christensen, PR Clark, BC Crisp, JA Crumpler, LS Des Marais, DJ Farmer, JD Gellert, R Ghosh, A Gorevan, S Graff, T Grant, J Haskin, LA Herkenhoff, KE Johnson, JR Jolliff, BL Klingelhoefer, G Knudson, AT McLEnnan, S Milam, KA Moersch, JE Morris, RV Rieder, R Ruff, SW de Souza, PA Squyres, SW Wanke, H Wang, A Wyatt, MB Yen, A Zipfel, J TI Basaltic rocks analyzed by the Spirit rover in Gusev Crater SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION; PATHFINDER SITE; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; SOILS; MARS AB The Spirit landing site in Gusev Crater on Mars contains dark, fine-grained, vesicular rocks interpreted as lavas. Pancam and Mini-Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES) spectra suggest that all of these rocks are similar but have variable coatings and dust mantles. Magnified images of brushed and abraded rock surfaces show alteration rinds and veins. Rock interiors contain less than or equal to25% megacrysts. Chemical analyses of rocks by the Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer are consistent with picritic basalts, containing normative olivine, pyroxenes, plagioclase, and accessory FeTi oxides. Mossbauer, Pancam, and Mini-TES spectra confirm the presence of olivine, magnetite, and probably pyroxene. These basalts extend the known range of rock compositions composing the martian crust. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Lockheed Martin Corp, Littleton, CO 80127 USA. New Mexico Museum Nat Hist & Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA. Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Honeybee Robot, New York, NY 10012 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Mainz, Inst Anorgan & Analyt Chem, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Co Vale Rio Doce, BR-29090900 Vitoria, ES, Brazil. RP McSween, HY (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM mcsween@utk.edu RI de Souza, Paulo/B-8961-2008; Moersch, Jeffrey/F-7189-2010; Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015; Crisp, Joy/H-8287-2016 OI de Souza, Paulo/0000-0002-0091-8925; Crisp, Joy/0000-0002-3202-4416 NR 16 TC 187 Z9 187 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 6 PY 2004 VL 305 IS 5685 BP 842 EP 845 DI 10.1126/science.1099851 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 843RT UT WOS:000223104900041 PM 15297668 ER PT J AU Hammond, WC Thatcher, W AF Hammond, WC Thatcher, W TI Contemporary tectonic deformation of the Basin and Range province, western United States: 10 years of observation with the Global Positioning System SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE Basin and Range; global positioning system; tectonic deformation; extension; plate boundary ID NORTH-AMERICAN CORDILLERA; NEVADA SEISMIC BELT; PEAK-DIXIE VALLEY; STRAIN ACCUMULATION; CONTINENTAL DEFORMATION; ACTIVE DEFORMATION; GPS MEASUREMENTS; SPACE GEODESY; EARTHQUAKE; MOTION AB We have estimated patterns and rates of crustal movement across 800 km of the Basin and Range at similar to39degrees north latitude with Global Positioning System surveys in 1992, 1996, 1998, and 2002. The total rate of motion tangent to the small circle around the Pacific-North America pole of rotation is 10.4+/-1.0 mm/yr, and motion normal to this small circle is 3.9+/-0.9 mm/yr compared to the east end of our network. On the Colorado Plateau the east end of our network moves by similar to1-2 mm/yr westerly with respect to North America. Transitions in strain rates delimit six major tectonic domains within the province. These deformation zones coincide with areas of modern seismicity and are, from east to west, (1) east-west extension in the Wasatch Fault zone, (2) low rate east-west extension centered near the Nevada-Utah border, (3) low rate east-west contraction between 114.7degreesW and 117.9degreesW, (4) extension normal to and strike-slip motion across the N10degreesE striking Central Nevada Seismic Zone, (5) right lateral simple shear oriented N13degreesW inside the Walker Lane Belt, and (6) shear plus extension near the Sierra Nevada frontal faults. Concentration of shear and dilatational deformation across the three westernmost zones suggests that the Walker Lane Belt lithosphere is rheologically weak. However, we show that linear gradients in viscosity and gravitational potential energy can also effectively concentrate deformation. In the Basin and Range, gradients in gravitational potential are spatially anticorrelated with dilatational strain rates, consistent with the presence of horizontal variations in viscosity of the lithosphere. C1 US Geol Survey, Earthquake Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hammond, WC (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM whammond@unr.edu; thatcher@usgs.gov NR 59 TC 99 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD AUG 5 PY 2004 VL 109 IS B8 AR B08403 DI 10.1029/2003JB002746 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 846TM UT WOS:000223339300001 ER PT J AU Stern, LA Kirby, SH Circone, S Durham, WB AF Stern, LA Kirby, SH Circone, S Durham, WB TI Scanning electron microscopy investigations of laboratory-grown gas clathrate hydrates formed from melting ice, and comparison to natural hydrates SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID METHANE HYDRATE; SUPERHEATED ICE; DEUTERATED ICE; OPTICAL-CELL; CO2 HYDRATE; TEMPERATURE; DIFFRACTION; DISSOCIATION; PRESSURE; MODEL AB Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate grain texture and pore structure development within various compositions of pure sI and sII gas hydrates synthesized in the laboratory, as well as in natural samples retrieved from marine (Gulf of Mexico) and permafrost (NW Canada) settings. Several samples of methane hydrate were also quenched after various extents of partial reaction for assessment of mid-synthesis textural progression. All laboratory-synthesized hydrates were grown under relatively high-temperature and high-pressure conditions from rounded ice grains with geometrically simple pore shapes, yet all resulting samples displayed extensive recrystallization with complex pore geometry. Growth fronts of mesoporous methane hydrate advancing into dense ice reactant were prevalent in those samples quenched after limited reaction below and at the ice point. As temperatures transgress the ice point, grain surfaces continue to develop a discrete "rind" of hydrate, typically 5 to 30 gin thick. The cores then commonly melt, with rind microfracturing allowing migration of the melt to adjacent grain boundaries where it also forms hydrate. As the reaction continues under progressively warmer conditions, the hydrate product anneals to form dense and relatively pore-free regions of hydrate grains, in which grain size is typically several tens of micrometers. The prevalence of hollow, spheroidal shells of hydrate, coupled with extensive redistribution of reactant and product phases throughout reaction, implies that a diffusion-controlled shrinking-core model is an inappropriate description of sustained hydrate growth from melting ice. Completion of reaction at peak synthesis conditions then produces exceptional faceting and euhedral crystal growth along exposed pore walls. Further recrystallization or regrowth can then accompany even short-term exposure of synthetic hydrates to natural ocean-floor conditions, such that the final textures may closely mimic those observed in natural samples of marine origin. Of particular note, both the mesoporous and highly faceted textures seen at different stages during synthetic hydrate growth were notably absent from all examined hydrates recovered from a natural marine-environment setting. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Stern, LA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM lstern@usgs.gov NR 48 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 23 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD AUG-SEP PY 2004 VL 89 IS 8-9 BP 1162 EP 1175 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 848DS UT WOS:000223448100003 ER PT J AU Circone, S Stern, LA Kirby, SH AF Circone, S Stern, LA Kirby, SH TI The effect of elevated methane pressure on methane hydrate dissociation SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID GAS HYDRATE; WATER ICE; PRESERVATION AB Methane hydrate, equilibrated at P, T conditions within the hydrate stability field, was rapidly depressurized to 1.0 or 2.0 MPa and maintained at isobaric conditions outside its stability field, while the extent and rate of hydrate dissociation was measured at fixed, externally maintained temperatures between 250 and 288 K. The dissociation rate decreases with increasing pressure at a given temperature. Dissociation rates at 1.0 MPa parallel the complex, reproducible T-dependence previously observed between 250 and 272 K at 0.1 MPa. The lowest rates were observed near 268 K, such that >50% of the sample can persist for more than two weeks at 0.1 MPa to more than a month at 1 and 2 MPa. Varying the pressure stepwise in a single experiment increased or decreased the dissociation rate in proportion to the rates observed in the isobaric experiments, similar to the rate reversibility previously observed with stepwise changes in temperature at 0.1 MPa. At fixed P, T conditions, the rate of methane hydrate dissociation decreases monotonically with time, never achieving a steady rate. The relationship between time (t) and the extent of hydrate dissociation is empirically described by: Evolved gas (%) = A.t(B) (1) where the pre-exponential term A ranges from 0 to 16% s(-B) and the exponent B is generally <1. Based on fits of the dissociation results to Equation I for the full range of temperatures (204 to 289 K) and pressures (0.1 to 2.0 MPa) investigated, the derived parameters can be used to predict the methane evolution curves for pure, porous methane hydrate to within +/-5%. The effects of sample porosity and the presence of quartz sand and seawater on methane hydrate dissociation are also described using Equation 1. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Circone, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM scircone@usgs.gov NR 20 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD AUG-SEP PY 2004 VL 89 IS 8-9 BP 1192 EP 1201 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 848DS UT WOS:000223448100006 ER PT J AU Waite, WF Winters, WJ Mason, DH AF Waite, WF Winters, WJ Mason, DH TI Methane hydrate formation in partially water-saturated Ottawa sand SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC PROPERTIES; BEARING SEDIMENTS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; BLAKE RIDGE; VELOCITY AB Bulk properties of gas hydrate-bearing sediment strongly depend on whether hydrate forms primarily in the pore fluid, becomes a load-bearing member of the sediment matrix, or cements sediment grains. Our compressional wave speed measurements through partially water-saturated, methane hydrate-bearing Ottawa sands suggest hydrate surrounds and cements sediment grains. The three Ottawa sand packs tested in the Gas Hydrate And Sediment Test Laboratory Instrument (GHASTLI) contain 38(1)% porosity, initially with distilled water saturating 58, 31, and 16% of that pore space, respectively. From the volume of methane gas produced during hydrate dissociation, we calculated the hydrate concentration in the pore space to be 70, 37, and 20% respectively. Based on these hydrate concentrations and our measured compressional wave speeds, we used a rock physics model to differentiate between potential pore-space hydrate distributions. Model results suggest methane hydrate cements unconsolidated sediment when forming in systems containing an abundant gas phase. C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Waite, WF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM wwaite@usgs.gov OI Waite, William/0000-0002-9436-4109 NR 34 TC 102 Z9 115 U1 1 U2 16 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD AUG-SEP PY 2004 VL 89 IS 8-9 BP 1202 EP 1207 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 848DS UT WOS:000223448100007 ER PT J AU Winters, WJ Pecher, IA Waite, WF Mason, DH AF Winters, WJ Pecher, IA Waite, WF Mason, DH TI Physical properties and rock physics models of sediment containing natural and laboratory-formed methane gas hydrate SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC PROPERTIES; VELOCITY; FLOW AB This paper presents results of shear strength and acoustic velocity (p-wave) measurements performed on: (1) samples containing natural gas hydrate from the Mallik 2L-38 well, Mackenzie Delta, Northwest Territories; (2) reconstituted Ottawa sand samples containing methane gas hydrate formed in the laboratory; and (3) ice-bearing sands. These measurements show that hydrate increases shear strength and p-wave velocity in natural and reconstituted samples. The proportion of this increase depends on (1) the amount and distribution of hydrate present, (2) differences in sediment properties, and (3) differences in test conditions. Stress-strain curves from the Mallik samples suggest that natural gas hydrate does not cement sediment grains. However, stress-strain curves from the Ottawa sand (containing laboratory-formed gas hydrate) do imply cementation is present. Acoustically, rock physics modeling shows that gas hydrate does not cement grains of natural Mackenzie Delta sediment. Natural gas hydrates are best modeled as part of the sediment frame. This finding is in contrast with direct observations and results of Ottawa sand containing laboratory-formed hydrate, which was found to cement grains (Waite et al. 2004). It therefore appears that the microscopic distribution of gas hydrates in sediment, and hence the effect of gas hydrate on sediment physical properties, differs between natural deposits and laboratory-formed samples. This difference may possibly be caused by the location of water molecules that are available to form hydrate. Models that use laboratory-derived properties to predict behavior of natural gas hydrate must account for these differences. C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Inst Geol & Nucl Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. RP Winters, WJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM bwinters@usgs.gov RI Pecher, Ingo/D-9379-2012; OI Waite, William/0000-0002-9436-4109 NR 49 TC 87 Z9 109 U1 1 U2 25 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X EI 1945-3027 J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD AUG-SEP PY 2004 VL 89 IS 8-9 BP 1221 EP 1227 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 848DS UT WOS:000223448100010 ER PT J AU Karanth, KU Chundawat, RS Nichol, JD Kumar, NS AF Karanth, KU Chundawat, RS Nichol, JD Kumar, NS TI Estimation of tiger densities in the tropical dry forests of Panna, Central India, using photographic capture-recapture sampling SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID PANTHERA-TIGRIS; CRYPTIC MAMMALS; POPULATIONS; MODELS; RATES; SIZE; PREY AB Tropical dry-deciduous forests comprise more than 45% of the tiger (Panthera tigris) habitat in India. However, in the absence of rigorously derived estimates of ecological densities of tigers in dry forests, critical baseline data for managing tiger populations are lacking. In this study tiger densities were estimated using photographic capture-recapture sampling in the dry forests of Panna Tiger Reserve in Central India. Over a 45-day survey period, 60 camera trap sites were sampled in a well-protected part of the 542-km(2) reserve during 2002. A total sampling effort of 914 camera-trap-days yielded photo-captures of 11 individual tigers over 15 sampling occasions that effectively covered a 418-km(2) area. The closed capture-recapture model M-h, which incorporates individual heterogeneity in capture probabilities, fitted these photographic capture history data well. The estimated capture probability/sample, (p) over cap = 0.04, resulted in an estimated tiger population size and standard error ((N) over cap,(S (E) over cap(N) over cap)) of 29 (9.65), and a density ((D) over cap (S (E) over cap(D) over cap)) of 6.94 (3.23) tigers/100 km(2). The estimated tiger density matched predictions based on prey abundance. Our results suggest that, if managed appropriately, the available dry forest habitat in India has the potential to support a population size of about 9000 wild tigers. C1 Wildlife Conservat Soc Int Program, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. Wildlife Conservat Soc India Program, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Ctr Wildlife Studies, Bangalore 560042, Karnataka, India. RP Karanth, KU (reprint author), 26-2,Aga Abbas Ali Rd Apt 403, Bangalore 560042, Karnataka, India. EM ukaranth@wcs.org NR 28 TC 73 Z9 83 U1 5 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1367-9430 EI 1469-1795 J9 ANIM CONSERV JI Anim. Conserv. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 7 BP 285 EP 290 DI 10.1017/S1367943004001477 PN 3 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 857IY UT WOS:000224111100008 ER PT J AU Payne, TE Davis, JA Lumpkin, GR Chisari, R Waite, TD AF Payne, TE Davis, JA Lumpkin, GR Chisari, R Waite, TD TI Surface complexation model of uranyl sorption on Georgia kaolinite SO APPLIED CLAY SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Meeting on Clays in Natural and Engineered Barriers for Radioactive Waste Confinement CY DEC 09-12, 2002 CL Reims, FRANCE SP French Natl Radioact Waste Management Agcy DE adsorption; anatase; kaolinite; surface complexation; uranium ID ADSORPTION; IONS; CLAY AB The adsorption of uranyl on standard Georgia kaolinites (KGa-1 and KGa-1B) was studied as a function of pH (3-10), total U (1 and 10 mumol/1), and mass loading of clay (4 and 40 g/l). The uptake of uranyl in air-equilibrated systems increased with pH and reached a maximum in the near-neutral pH range. At higher pH values, the sorption decreased due to the presence of aqueous uranyl carbonate complexes. One kaolinite sample was examined after the uranyl uptake experiments by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) to determine the U content. It was found that uranium was preferentially adsorbed by Ti-rich impurity phases (predominantly anatase), which are present in the kaolinite samples. Uranyl sorption on the Georgia kaolinites was simulated with U sorption reactions on both titanol and aluminol sites, using a simple non-electrostatic surface complexation model (SCM). The relative amounts of U-binding >TiOH and >AlOH sites were estimated from the TEM/EDS results. A ternary uranyl carbonate complex on the titanol site improved the fit to the experimental data in the higher pH range. The final model contained only three optimised log K values, and was able to simulate adsorption data across a wide range of experimental conditions. The >TiCH (anatase) sites appear to play an important role in retaining U at low uranyl concentrations. As kaolinite often contains trace TiO2, its presence may need to be taken into account when modelling the results of sorption experiments with radionuclides or trace metals on kaolinite. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ New S Wales, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. RP Payne, TE (reprint author), Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, PMB 1, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. EM tep@ansto.gov.au RI Lumpkin, Gregory/A-7558-2008; Payne, Timothy/F-2545-2010; Waite, T. David/A-1400-2008 OI Payne, Timothy/0000-0002-3502-7567; Waite, T. David/0000-0002-5411-3233 NR 28 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 4 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-1317 EI 1872-9053 J9 APPL CLAY SCI JI Appl. Clay Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 26 IS 1-4 BP 151 EP 162 DI 10.1016/j.clay.2003.08.013 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Mineralogy GA 851PL UT WOS:000223697000015 ER PT J AU Verplanck, PL Nordstrom, DK Taylor, HE Kimball, BA AF Verplanck, PL Nordstrom, DK Taylor, HE Kimball, BA TI Rare earth element partitioning between hydrous ferric oxides and acid mine water during iron oxidation SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SUSPENDED PARTICLES; STABILITY-CONSTANTS; TRACER INJECTION; IONIC-STRENGTH; ICP-MS; SEAWATER; DRAINAGE; OCEAN; USA; FRACTIONATION AB Ferrous iron rapidly oxidizes to Fe (111) and precipitates as hydrous Fe (111) oxides in acid mine waters. This study examines the effect of Fe precipitation on the rare earth element (REE) geochemistry of acid mine waters to determine the pH range over which REEs behave conservatively and the range over which attenuation and fractionation occur. Two field studies were designed to investigate REE attenuation during Fe oxidation in acidic, alpine surface waters. To complement these field studies, a suite of six acid mine waters with a pH range from 1.6 to 6.1 were collected and allowed to oxidize in the laboratory at ambient conditions to determine the partitioning of REEs during Fe oxidation and precipitation. Results from field experiments document that even with substantial Fe oxidation, the REEs remain dissolved in acid, sulfate waters with pH below 5.1. Between pH 5.1 and 6.6 the REEs partitioned to the solid phases in the water column, and heavy REEs were preferentially removed compared to light REEs. Laboratory experiments corroborated field data with the most solid-phase partitioning occurring in the waters with the highest pH. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. RP US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM plv@usgs.gov NR 80 TC 82 Z9 88 U1 3 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 19 IS 8 BP 1339 EP 1354 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.01.016 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 837GX UT WOS:000222617800008 ER PT J AU Conko, KM Rice, KC Kennedy, MM AF Conko, KM Rice, KC Kennedy, MM TI Atmospheric wet deposition of trace elements to a suburban environment, Reston, Virginia, USA SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE trace elements; precipitation chemistry; wet deposition; suburban environment; arsenic; copper; zinc ID LAKE-MICHIGAN; NEW-YORK; ZINC; METALS; FLUXES; LEAD; PRECIPITATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; CHESAPEAKE; EMISSIONS AB Wet deposition from a suburban area in Reston, Virginia was collected during 1998 and analyzed to assess the anion and trace-element concentrations and depositions. Suburban Reston, approximately 26 km west of Washington, DC, is densely populated and heavily developed. Wet deposition was collected bi-weekly in an automated collector using trace-element clean sampling and analytical techniques. The annual volume-weighted concentrations of As, Cd, and Pb were similar to those previously reported for a remote site on Catoctin Mt., Maryland (70 km northwest), which indicated a regional signal for these elements. The concentrations and depositions of Cu and Zn at the suburban site were nearly double those at remote sites because of the influence of local vehicular traffic. The 1998 average annual wet deposition (mug m(-2) yr(-1)) was calculated for Al (52,000), As (94), Cd (54), Cr (160), Cu (700), Fe (23,000), Mn (2000), Ni (240), Pb (440), V (430), and Zn (4100). The average annual wet deposition (meq m(-2) yr(-1)) was calculated for H(+) (74), Cl(-) (8.5), NO(3)(-) (33), and SO(4)(2-) (70). Analysis of digested total trace-element concentrations in a subset of samples showed that the refractory elements in suburban precipitation comprised a larger portion of the total deposition of trace elements than in remote areas. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr MS 432, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US Geol Survey, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Conko, KM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr MS 432, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM kmconko@usgs.gov RI Rice, Karen/A-8945-2013; Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011; OI Conko, Kathryn/0000-0001-6361-4921; Rice, Karen/0000-0002-9356-5443 NR 32 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 38 IS 24 BP 4025 EP 4033 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.03.062 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 836QE UT WOS:000222569800011 ER PT J AU Dodd, CK Barichivich, WJ Smith, LL AF Dodd, CK Barichivich, WJ Smith, LL TI Effectiveness of a barrier wall and culverts in reducing wildlife mortality on a heavily traveled highway in Florida SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE barrier wall; wildlife mortality; roads; highway mitigation; culverts; amphibians; reptiles; mammals ID AMPHIBIAN MOVEMENTS; ROAD MORTALITY; POPULATIONS; MASSACHUSETTS; LANDSCAPE; WETLAND; ONTARIO; TRAPS; USA AB Because of high numbers of animals killed on Paynes Prairie State Preserve, Alachua County, Florida, the Florida Department of Transportation constructed a barrier wall-culvert system to reduce wildlife mortality yet allow for passage of some animals across the highway. During a one year study following construction, we counted only 158 animals, excluding hylid treefrogs, killed in the same area where 2411 road kills were recorded in the 12 months prior to the construction of the barrier wall-culvert system, Within the survey area lying directly in Paynes Prairie basin, mortality was reduced 65% if hylid treefrogs are included, and 93.5% with hylid treefrogs excluded. Sixty-four percent of the wildlife kills observed along the barrier wall-culvert system occurred at a maintenance road access point and along 300 In of type-A fence bordering private property. The 24 h kill rate during the post-construction survey was 4.9 compared with 13.5 during the pre-construction survey. We counted 1891 dead vertebrates within the entire area surveyed, including the ecotone between the surrounding uplands and prairie basin which did not include the barrier wall and culverts. Approximately 73% of the nonhylid road kills occurred in the 400 In section of road beyond the extent of the barrier wall-culvert system. We detected 51 vertebrate species, including 9 fish, using the 8 culverts after the construction of the barrier wall-culvert system, compared with 28 vertebrate species in the 4 existing culverts prior to construction. Capture success in culverts increased 10-fold from the pre-construction survey to the post-construction survey. Barrier wall trespass was facilitated by overhanging vegetation, maintenance road access, and by the use of the type-A fence. Additional problems resulted from siltation, water holes, and human access. These problems could be corrected using design modifications and by routine, periodic maintenance. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Dodd, CK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM ken_dodd@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 106 Z9 114 U1 10 U2 64 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 118 IS 5 BP 619 EP 631 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2003.10.011 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 828TZ UT WOS:000221997500007 ER PT J AU Nelson, AR Asquith, AC Grants, WC AF Nelson, AR Asquith, AC Grants, WC TI Great earthquakes and tsunamis of the past 2000 years at the Salmon River estuary, central Oregon coast, USA SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE; SEA-LEVEL CHANGE; TIDAL MARSH STRATIGRAPHY; HOLOCENE SALT MARSHES; COSEISMIC SUBSIDENCE; VANCOUVER-ISLAND; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; NORTHERN OREGON; SOUTHERN OREGON; VASCULAR PLANTS AB Four buried tidal marsh soils at a protected inlet near the mouth of the Salmon River yield definitive to equivocal evidence for coseismic subsidence and burial by tsunami-deposited sand during great earthquakes at the Cascadia subduction zone. An extensive, landward-tapering sheet of sand overlies a peaty tidal-marsh soil over much of the lower estuary. Limited pollen and macrofossil data suggest that the soil suddenly subsided 0.3-1.0 m shortly before burial. Regional correlation of similar soils at tens of estuaries to the north and south and precise C-14 ages from one Salmon River site imply that the youngest soil subsided during the great earthquake of 26 January A.D. 1700. Evidence for sudden subsidence of three older soils during great earthquakes is more equivocal because older-soil stratigraphy can be explained by local hydrographic changes in the estuary. Regional C-14 correlation of two of the three older soils with soils at sites that better meet criteria for a great-earthquake origin is consistent with the older soils recording subsidence and tsunamis during at least two great earthquakes. Pollen evidence of sudden coseismic subsidence from the older soils is inconclusive, probably because the amount of subsidence was small (<0.5 m). The shallow depths of the older soils yield rates of relative sea-level rise substantially less than rates previously calculated for Oregon estuaries. C1 US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Team, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Univ Southampton, Dept Geog, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Nelson, AR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Team, MS 966,POB 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 80 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 94 IS 4 BP 1276 EP 1292 DI 10.1785/012003210 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 855AN UT WOS:000223945300006 ER PT J AU Boore, DM Graizer, VM Tinsley, JC Shakal, AF AF Boore, DM Graizer, VM Tinsley, JC Shakal, AF TI A study of possible ground-motion amplification at the Coyote Lake Dam, California SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID 1984 MORGAN-HILL; FAULT ZONE; NOCERA UMBRA; EARTHQUAKE; INVERSION; WAVES; WEAK AB The abutment site at the Coyote Lake Dam recorded an unusually large peak acceleration of 1.29 g during the 1984 Morgan Hill earthquake. Following this earthquake another strong-motion station was installed about 700 m downstream from the abutment station. We study all events (seven) recorded on these stations, using ratios of peak accelerations, spectral ratios, and particle motion polarization (using holograms) to investigate the relative ground motion at the two sites. We find that in all but one case the motion at the abutment site is larger than the downstream site over a broad frequency band. The polarizations are similar for the two sites for a given event, but can vary from one event to another. This suggests that the dam itself is not strongly influencing the records. Although we can be sure that the relative motion is usually larger at the abutment site, we cannot conclude that there is anomalous site amplification at the abutment site. The downstream site could have lower-than-usual near-surface amplifications. On the other hand, the geology near the abutment site is extremely complex and includes fault slivers, with rapid lateral changes in materials and presumably seismic velocities. For this reason alone, the abutment site should not be considered a normal free-field site. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Calif Geol Survey, Strong Mot Instrumentat Program, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. RP Boore, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM boore@usgs.gov; vgraizer@consrv.ca.gov; jtinsley@usgs.gov; tshakal@consrv.ca.gov NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 94 IS 4 BP 1327 EP 1342 DI 10.1785/012003144 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 855AN UT WOS:000223945300009 ER PT J AU Brocher, TM Blakely, RJ Wells, RE AF Brocher, TM Blakely, RJ Wells, RE TI Interpretation of the Seattle uplift, Washington, as a passive-roof duplex SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN PUGET-SOUND; TRIANGLE ZONE; FAULT ZONE; WESTERN WASHINGTON; THRUST SHEET; KINEMATICS; GEOMETRY; LOWLAND; DEFORMATION; EARTHQUAKE AB We interpret seismic lines and a wide variety of other geological and Geophysical data to suggest that the Seattle uplift a passive-roof duplex. A passive-roof duplex is bounded top and bottom by thrust faults with opposite senses of vergence that form a triangle zone at the leading edge of the advancing thrust sheet. In passive-roof duplexes the roof thrust slips only when the floor thrust ruptures. The Seattle fault is a south-dipping reverse fault forming the leading edge of the Seattle uplift, a 40-km-wide fold-and-thrust belt. The recently discovered, north-dipping Tacoma reverse fault is interpreted as a back thrust on the trailing edge of the belt, making the belt doubly vergent. Floor thrusts in the Seattle and Tacoma fault zones, imaged as discontinuous reflections, are interpreted as blind faults that flatten updip into bedding plane thrusts. Shallow monoclines in both the Seattle and Tacoma basins are interpreted to overlie the leading edges of thrust-bounded wedge tips advancing into the basins. Across the Seattle uplift, seismic lines image several shallow, short-wavelength folds exhibiting Quaternary or late Quaternary growth. From reflector truncation, several north-dipping thrust faults (splay thrusts) are inferred to core these shallow folds and to splay upward from a shallow roof thrust. Some of these shallow splay thrusts ruptured to the surface in the late Holocene. Ages from offset soils in trenches across the fault scarps and from abruptly raised shorelines indicate that the splay, roof, and floor thrusts of the Seattle and Tacoma faults ruptured about 1100 years ago. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. OI Brocher, Thomas/0000-0002-9740-839X NR 47 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 94 IS 4 BP 1379 EP 1401 DI 10.1785/012003190 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 855AN UT WOS:000223945300013 ER PT J AU Blakely, RJ Beeson, MH Cruikshank, K Wells, RE Johnson, A Walsh, K AF Blakely, RJ Beeson, MH Cruikshank, K Wells, RE Johnson, A Walsh, K TI Gravity study through the Tualatin Mountains, Oregon: Understanding crustal structure and earthquake hazards in the Portland urban area SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID AEROMAGNETIC DATA; WASHINGTON AB A high-resolution gravity survey through the Tualatin Mountains (Portland Hills) west of downtown Portland exhibits evidence of faults previously identified from surface geologic and aeromagnetic mapping. The gravity survey was conducted in 1996 along the 4.5-km length of a twin-bore tunnel, then under construction and now providing light-rail service between downtown Portland and communities west of the Portland Hills. Gravitational attraction gradually increases from west to east inside the tunnel, which reflects the tunnel's location between low-density sedimentary deposits of the Tualatin basin to the west and high-density, mostly concealed Eocene basalt to the east. Superimposed on this gradient are several steplike anomalies that we interpret as evidence for faulted contacts between rocks of contrasting density. The largest of these anomalies occurs beneath Sylvan Creek, where a fault had previously been mapped inside the tunnel. Another occurs 1200 m from the west portal, at the approximate intersection of the tunnel with an aeromagnetic anomaly associated with the Sylvan fault (formerly called the Oatfield fault). Lithologic cross sections based on these gravity data show that the steplike anomalies are consistent with steeply dipping reverse faults, although strike-slip displacements also may be important. Three gravity lows correspond with topographic lows directly overhead and may reflect zones of shearing. Several moderate earthquakes (M greater than or equal to 3.5) occurred near the present-day location of the tunnel in 1991, suggesting that some of these faults or other faults in the Portland Hills fault zone are seismically active. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Portland State Univ, Dept Geol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. Parsons Brinckerhoff, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Blakely, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM blakely@usgs.gov; ken@ch1.ch.pdx.edu NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 94 IS 4 BP 1402 EP 1409 DI 10.1785/012003045 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 855AN UT WOS:000223945300014 ER PT J AU McNamara, DE Buland, RP AF McNamara, DE Buland, RP TI Ambient noise levels in the continental United States SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB we present a new approach to characterize the background seismic noise across the continental United States. Using this approach, power spectral density (PSD) is estimated at broadband seismic stations for frequencies ranging from similar to0.01 to 16 Hz. We selected a large number of 1-hr waveform segments during a 3-yr period, from 2001 to 2003, from continuous data collected by the U.S. National Seismograph Network and the Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS). For each segment of continuous data, the PSD is estimated and smoothed in full-octave averages at 1/8 octave intervals. Powers for each 1/8 period interval were then accumulated in 1-dB power bins. A statistical analysis of power bins yields probability density functions (PDFs) as a function of noise power for each of the octave bands at each station and component. There is no need to account for earthquakes since they map into a background probability level. A comparison of day and night PDFs and an examination of artifacts related to station operation and episodic cultural noise allow us to estimate both the overall station quality and the level of earth noise at each site. Percentage points of the PDFs have been derived to form the basis for noise maps of the contiguous United States at body-wave frequencies. The results of our noise analysis are useful for characterizing the performance of existing broadband stations and for detecting operational problems and should be relevant to the future siting of ANSS backbone stations. The noise maps at bodywave frequencies should be useful for estimating the magnitude threshold for the ANSS backbone and regional networks or conversely for optimizing the distribution of regional network stations. C1 US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP McNamara, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1711 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM mcnamara@usgs.gov NR 8 TC 216 Z9 223 U1 1 U2 10 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 94 IS 4 BP 1517 EP 1527 DI 10.1785/012003001 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 855AN UT WOS:000223945300024 ER PT J AU Hough, SE Elliot, A AF Hough, SE Elliot, A TI Revisiting the 23 February 1892 Laguna Salada earthquake SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID WAVE-PROPAGATION; LG-WAVES; INTENSITIES; CALIFORNIA; MAGNITUDE AB According to some compilations, the Laguna Salada, Baja California, earthquake of 23 February 1892 ranks among the largest earthquakes in California and Baja California in historic times. Although surface rupture was not documented at the time of the earthquake, recent geologic investigations have identified and mapped a rupture on the Laguna Salada fault that can be associated with high probability with the 1892 event (Mueller and Rockwell, 1995). The only intensity-based magnitude estimate for the earthquake, M 7.8, was made by Strand (1980) based on an interpretation of macroseismic effects and a comparison of isoseismal areas with those from instrumentally recorded earthquakes. In this study we reinterpret original accounts of the Laguna Salada earthquake. We assign modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) values in keeping with current practice, focusing on objective descriptions of damage rather than subjective human response and not assigning MMI values to effects that are now known to be poor indicators of shaking level, such as liquefaction and rockfalls. The reinterpreted isoseismal contours and the estimated magnitude are both significantly smaller than those obtained earlier. Using the method of Bakun and Wentworth (1997) we obtain a magnitude estimate of M 7.2 and an optimal epicenter less than 15 kin from the center of the mapped Laguna Salada rupture. The isoseismal contours are elongated toward the northwest, which is qualitatively consistent with a directivity effect, assuming that the fault ruptured from southeast to northwest. We suggest that the elongation may also thus reflect wave propagation effects, with more efficient propagation of crustal surface (Lg) waves in the direction of the overall regional tectonic fabric. C1 US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. S Pasadena High Sch, S Pasadena, CA 91030 USA. RP Hough, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. OI Elliott, Austin/0000-0001-5924-7268 NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 94 IS 4 BP 1571 EP 1578 DI 10.1785/012003244 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 855AN UT WOS:000223945300030 ER PT J AU Gregg, CE Houghton, BF Paton, D Swanson, DA Johnston, DM AF Gregg, CE Houghton, BF Paton, D Swanson, DA Johnston, DM TI Community preparedness for lava flows from Mauna Loa and Hualalai volcanoes, Kona, Hawai'i SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mauna Loa; Hualalai; Kilauea; Kona; warning; lava flow hazard ID WARNING SYSTEM; BEHAVIOR; DISASTER; RISK AB Lava flows from Mauna Loa and Hualalai volcanoes are a major volcanic hazard that could impact the western portion of the island of Hawai'i (e.g., Kona). The most recent eruptions of these two volcanoes to affect Kona occurred in A.D. 1950 and ca. 1800, respectively. In contrast, in eastern Hawai'i, eruptions of neighboring Kilauea volcano have occurred frequently since 1955, and therefore have been the focus for hazard mitigation. Official preparedness and response measures are therefore modeled on typical eruptions of Kilauea. The combinations of short-lived precursory activity (e.g., volcanic tremor) at Mauna Loa, the potential for fast-moving lava flows, and the proximity of Kona communities to potential vents represent significant emergency management concerns in Kona. Less is known about past eruptions of Hualalai, but similar concerns exist. Future lava flows present an increased threat to personal safety because of the short times that may be available for responding. Mitigation must address not only the specific characteristics of volcanic hazards in Kona, but also the manner in which the hazards relate to the communities likely to be affected. This paper describes the first steps in developing effective mitigation plans: measuring the current state of people's knowledge of eruption parameters and the implications for their safety. We present results of a questionnaire survey administered to 462 high school students and adults in Kona. The rationale for this study was the long lapsed time since the last Kona eruption, and the high population growth and expansion of infrastructure over this time interval. Anticipated future growth in social and economic infrastructure in this area provides additional justification for this work. The residents of Kona have received little or no specific information about how to react to future volcanic eruptions or warnings, and short-term preparedness levels are low. Respondents appear uncertain about how to respond to threatening lava flows and overestimate the minimum time available to react, suggesting that personal risk levels are unnecessarily high. A successful volcanic warning plan in Kona must be tailored to meet the unique situation there. C1 Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Tasmania, Sch Psychol, Launceston, Tas, Australia. US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. Inst Geol & Nucl Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. RP Gregg, CE (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, 1680 E West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM cgregg@soest.hawaii.edu OI Paton, Douglas/0000-0002-8673-2178 NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 66 IS 6 BP 531 EP 540 DI 10.1007/s00445-004-0338-x PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 848NH UT WOS:000223473900005 ER PT J AU Teillet, PM Helder, DL Ruggles, TA Landry, R Ahern, FJ Higgs, NJ Barsi, J Chander, G Markham, BL Barker, JL Thome, KJ Schott, JR Palluconi, FD AF Teillet, PM Helder, DL Ruggles, TA Landry, R Ahern, FJ Higgs, NJ Barsi, J Chander, G Markham, BL Barker, JL Thome, KJ Schott, JR Palluconi, FD TI A definitive calibration record for the Landsat-5 thematic mapper anchored to the Landsat-7 radiometric scale SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID CROSS-CALIBRATION; TM; ETM+; INSTRUMENTS; SENSORS AB A coordinated effort on the part of several agencies has led to the specification of a definitive radiometric calibration record for the Landsat-5 thematic mapper (TM) for its lifetime since launch in 1984. The time-dependent calibration record for Landsat-5 TM has been placed on the same radiometric scale as the Landsat-7 enhanced thematic mapper plus (ETM+). It has been implemented in the National Landsat Archive Production Systems (NLAPS) in use in North America. This paper documents the results of this collaborative effort and the specifications for the related calibration processing algorithms. The specifications include (i) anchoring of the Landsat-5 TM calibration record to the Landsat-7 ETM+ absolute radiometric calibration, (ii) new time-dependent calibration processing equations and procedures applicable to raw Landsat-5 TM data, and (iii) algorithms for recalibration computations applicable to some of the existing processed datasets in the North American context. The cross-calibration between Landsat-5 TM and Landsat-7 ETM+ was achieved using image pairs from the tandem-orbit configuration period that was programmed early in the Landsat-7 mission. The time-dependent calibration for Landsat-5 TM is based on a detailed trend analysis of data from the on-board internal calibrator. The new lifetime radiometric calibration record for Landsat-5 will overcome problems with earlier product generation owing to inadequate maintenance and documentation of the calibration over time and will facilitate the quantitative examination of a continuous, near-global dataset at 30-m scale that spans almost two decades. C1 Nat Reources Canada, Canada Ctr Remote Sensing, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Y7, Canada. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. TerreVista Earth Imaging, Cormac, ON J0J 1M0, Canada. MacDonald Dettwiler & Associates Ltd, Richmond, BC V6V 2J3, Canada. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Arizona, Ctr Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, Ctr Imaging Sci, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Teillet, PM (reprint author), Nat Reources Canada, Canada Ctr Remote Sensing, 588 Booth St, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Y7, Canada. EM Phil.Teillet@ccrs.nrcan.gc.ca RI Thome, Kurtis/D-7251-2012; Markham, Brian/M-4842-2013 OI Markham, Brian/0000-0002-9612-8169 NR 26 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU CANADIAN AERONAUTICS SPACE INST PI OTTAWA PA 1685 RUSSELL RD, UNIT 1-R, OTTAWA, ON K1G 0N1, CANADA SN 0703-8992 J9 CAN J REMOTE SENS JI Can. J. Remote Sens. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 30 IS 4 BP 631 EP 643 PG 13 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 858KE UT WOS:000224189900005 ER PT J AU Fletcher, RJ Koford, RR AF Fletcher, RJ Koford, RR TI Consequences of rainfall variation for breeding wetland blackbirds SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID YELLOW-HEADED BLACKBIRDS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NEST SUCCESS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; HABITAT SELECTION; BIRD COMMUNITIES; FOOD; POPULATION; PREDATION; SPARROWS AB Annual variability in abiotic factors can be pronounced, especially in systems that rely on precipitation, such as and regions and prairie potholes. We report how annual variation in precipitation from 1999 to 2002 in the Prairie Pothole Region of Iowa, USA, affected both density and reproduction of two interspecific competitors: yellow-headed blackbirds, Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus (Bonaparte, 1826), and red-winged blackbirds, Agelaius phoeniceus (L., 1766). During dry years, yellow-headed blackbirds, an obligate wetland-breeding species, showed a marked reduction in density and a complete reproductive failure in which none of the nests we monitored fledged young. The reproductive failure was attributed primarily to nest predation, which was negatively correlated with water levels in wetlands. Conversely, red-winged blackbirds, a facultative wetland-breeding species, showed little variation in density and nest success. Both species exhibited similar patterns of reduced clutch size and later nest initiation dates in dry years, measures often tied to bottom-up effects of food availability and (or) age of individuals. Yet top-down effects of nest predation had a stronger influence, because lower clutch size did not result in fewer young fledged per successful nest. Incorporating how rainfall variation can affect wetland songbird demography will be critical for understanding population and community dynamics in changing environments. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Reosurce Ecol & Management, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Fletcher, RJ (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Avian Sci Ctr, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM robertjfletcherjr@yahoo.com OI Fletcher, Robert/0000-0003-1717-5707 NR 63 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 EI 1480-3283 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 82 IS 8 BP 1316 EP 1325 DI 10.1139/Z04-107 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 879BT UT WOS:000225692100017 ER PT J AU Nipper, M Qian, YR Carr, RS Miller, K AF Nipper, M Qian, YR Carr, RS Miller, K TI Degradation of picric acid and 2,6-DNT in marine sediments and waters: the role of microbial activity and ultra-violet evposure SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE ordnance; degradation; biotransformation; photo-transformation; picric acid; 2,6-DNT ID RHODOCOCCUS-ERYTHROPOLIS; NITROAROMATIC COMPOUNDS; 2,4,6-TRINITROPHENOL; BIODEGRADATION; 2,6-DINITROTOLUENE; 2,4-DINITROTOLUENE; TRANSFORMATION AB Bio- and photo-transformation of two munitions and explosives of concern, 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT) and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (picric acid) were assessed in spiked marine sediments and water. A sandy and a fine-grained sediment, with 0.25% and 1.1% total organic carbon, respectively, were used for biotransformation assessments at 10 and 20 degreesC. Sterilized sediments were used as controls for biotic vs. abiotic transformation. Transformation products were analyzed by HPLC, GC/MS and LC/MS. Biotransformation in sediments started soon after the initial contact of the chemicals with the sediments and proceeded for several months, with rates in the following sequence: fine-grain at 20 degreesC > fine-grain at 10 degreesC > sand at 20 degreesC > sand at 10 degreesC. The biotransformation paths seemed to be similar for all conditions. The major biotransformation product of 2,6-DNT was 2-amino-6-nitrotoluene (2-A-6-NT). 2-Nitrotoluene (2-NT) and other minor components, including; N,N-dimethyl-3-nitroaniline, benzene nitrile, methylamino-2-nitrosophenol and diaminophenol, were also identified. After more prolonged incubation these chemicals were replaced by high molecular weight polymers. Several breakdown products of picric acid were identified by GC/MS, including 2,4-dinitrophenol, amino dinitrophenols, 3,4-diamino phenol, amino nitrophenol and nitro diaminophenol. Photo-transformation of 2,6-DNT and picric acid in seawater was assessed under simulated solar radiation (SSR). No significant photolysis of picric acid in seawater was observed for up to 47 days, but photo-transformation of 2,6-DNT began soon after the initial exposure to SSR, with 89% being photo-transformed in 24 h and none remaining after 72 h. High molecular weight chemicals were generated, with mass spectra ranging from molecular weight 200-500 compared to 182 for DNT, and the color of the stock solution changed from clear to orange. Complexity of the mass spectra and mass differences among fragments suggest that multiple polymers were produced and were co-eluting during the LC/MS analyses. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Coastal Studies, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Geochem & Environm Res Grp, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Marine Ecotoxicol Res Stn, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Restorat Dev Branch, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. RP Nipper, M (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Coastal Studies, 6300 Ocean Dr,NRC Suite 3200, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. EM mnipper@falcon.tamucc.edu NR 31 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD AUG PY 2004 VL 56 IS 6 BP 519 EP 530 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.04.039 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 837RF UT WOS:000222652500002 PM 15212895 ER PT J AU Poppe, LJ Eliason, AH Hastings, ME AF Poppe, LJ Eliason, AH Hastings, ME TI A Visual Basic Program to Generate Sediment Grain-Size Statistics and to Extrapolate Particle Distributions SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Eliason Data Serv, Mashpee, MA 02649 USA. RP Poppe, LJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM lpoppe@usgs.gov NR 13 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 30 IS 7 BP 791 EP 795 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2004.05.005 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 848EZ UT WOS:000223451600011 ER PT J AU Jehle, G Adams, AAY Savidge, JA Skagen, SK AF Jehle, G Adams, AAY Savidge, JA Skagen, SK TI Nest survival estimation: A review of alternatives to the Mayfield estimator SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE apparent nest success; Lark Bunting; Mayfield method; nest success; nest survival estimation; program MARK; Stanley method ID AGE-SPECIFIC SURVIVAL; SUCCESS; MODELS; STAGE; PROBABILITIES; HETEROGENEITY; POPULATIONS; RATES AB Reliable estimates of nest survival are essential for assessing strategies for avian conservation. We review the history of modifications and alternatives for estimating nest survival, with a focus on four techniques: apparent nest success, the Mayfield estimator, the Stanley method, and program MARK. The widely used Mayfield method avoids the known positive bias inherent in apparent nest success by estimating daily survival rates using the number of exposure days, eliminating the need to monitor nests from initiation. Concerns that some of Mayfield's assumptions were restrictive stimulated the development of new techniques. Stanley's method allows for calculation of stage-specific daily survival rates when transition and failure dates are unknown, and eliminates Mayfield's assumption that failure occurred midway through the nest-check interval. Program MARK obviates Mayfield's assumption of constant daily survival within nesting stages and evaluates variation in nest survival as a function of biologically relevant factors. These innovative methods facilitate the evaluation of nest survival using an information-theoretic approach. We illustrate use of these methods with Lark Bunting (Calamospiza melanocorys) nest data from the Pawnee National Grassland, Colorado. Nest survival estimates calculated using Mayfield, Stanley, and MARK methods were similar, but apparent nest success estimates ranged 1-24% greater than the other estimates. MARK analysis revealed that survival of Lark Bunting nests differed between site-year groups, declined with both nest age and time in season, but did not vary with weather parameters. We encourage researchers to use these approaches to gain reliable and meaningful nest survival estimates. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Ft Collins Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Jehle, G (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM gretchenjehle@yahoo.com NR 49 TC 64 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 30 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 2004 VL 106 IS 3 BP 472 EP 484 DI 10.1650/7411 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 845HX UT WOS:000223234100003 ER PT J AU Webb, WC Boarman, WI Rotenberry, JT AF Webb, WC Boarman, WI Rotenberry, JT TI Common raven juvenile survival in a human-augmented landscape SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Common Raven; Corvus corax; dispersal; juvenile dispersal; juvenile survival; juvenile survivorship; mark-recapture ID LIFE-HISTORY STAGES; MARKED ANIMALS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; MOJAVE DESERT; FOOD; RECRUITMENT; CALIFORNIA; MANAGEMENT; MORTALITY; SPARROWS AB Anthropogenic resource subsidies have contributed to the dramatic increase in the abundance of Common Ravens (Corvus corax) in the western Mojave Desert, California, during the past 30 years. To better understand the effects of these subsidies on raven demography, we examined whether survival to juvenile departure front the natal territory could be predicted by a set of environmental and morphological variables, such as nest proximity to anthropogenic resources and juvenile condition. We captured 240 juvenile ravens over 2 years and marked them prior to fledging. Nest proximity to anthropogenic resources and earlier fledging dates significantly predicted raven juvenile survival to departure from the natal territory. The best-fitting mark-recapture models predicted postdeparture survival as a function of time since fledging, nest proximity to anthropogenic resources, and year hatched. The positive effect of nest proximity to anthropogenic resources influenced postdeparture survival for at least 9 months after fledging, as revealed by the mark-recapture analysis. Annual survival was 47% for first-year, 81% for second-year, and 83% for third-year birds. Our results support the hypothesis that anthropogenic resources contribute to increasing raven numbers via increased juvenile survival to departure as well as increased postdeparture survival. We expect raven numbers to grow in concert with the growing human presence in the Mojave Desert unless raven access to anthropogenic resources is diminished. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Conservat Biol, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Webb, WC (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM webb@u.washington.edu OI Rotenberry, John/0000-0002-0864-1676 NR 59 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 10 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 2004 VL 106 IS 3 BP 517 EP 528 DI 10.1650/7443 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 845HX UT WOS:000223234100007 ER PT J AU Fowler, AC Eadie, JM Ely, CR AF Fowler, AC Eadie, JM Ely, CR TI Relatedness and nesting dispersion within breeding populations of Greater White-fronted Geese SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Anser albifrons frontalis; kinship; local population structure; nesting; Pacific Greater White-fronted Goose; philopatry; relatedness ID YUKON-KUSKOKWIM DELTA; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; MARKERS; KIN; PHILOPATRY; ANATIDAE; ECOLOGY; ALASKA; LOCI AB We studied patterns of relatedness and nesting dispersion in female Pacific Greater White-fronted Geese (Anser albifrons frontalis) in Alaska. Female Greater White-fronted Geese are thought to be strongly philopatric and are often observed nesting in close association with other females. Analysis of the distribution of nests on the Yukon-Kusko-kwim Delta in 1998 indicated that nests were significantly clumped. We tested the hypothesis that females in the same nest cluster would be closely related using estimates of genetic relatedness based on six microsatellite DNA loci. There was no difference in the mean relatedness of females in the same cluster compared to females found in different clusters. However, relatedness among females was negatively correlated with distance between their nests, and geese nesting within 50 m of one another tended to be more closely related than those nesting farther apart. Randomization tests revealed that pairs of related individuals (R > 0.45) were more likely to occur in the same cluster when analyzed at the scale of the entire study site. However, the pattern did not hold when restricted to pairs found within 500 m of each other. Our results indicate that nest clusters are not composed primarily of closely related females, but Greater White-fronted Geese appear to be sufficiently philopatric to promote nonrandom patterns of relatedness at a local scale. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Fowler, AC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM acfowler@ucdavis.edu RI Eadie, John/E-4820-2011 NR 30 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 2004 VL 106 IS 3 BP 600 EP 607 DI 10.1650/7446 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 845HX UT WOS:000223234100013 ER PT J AU Adams, J Takekawa, JY Carter, HR AF Adams, J Takekawa, JY Carter, HR TI Foraging distance and home range of Cassin's auklets nesting at two colonies in the California Channel Islands SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Alcidae; foraging range; Ptychoramphus aleuticus; Santa Barbara channel; seabird foraging ecology; Southern California Bight; telemetry ID SANTA-BARBARA CHANNEL; MARBLED MURRELETS; BERING SEA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; TIME ALLOCATION; LEAST AUKLETS; SEABIRDS; DIET; PREY AB We radio-marked 99 Cassin's Auklets (Ptychoramphus aleuticus) nesting at two colonies, Prince Island and Scorpion Rock, separated by 90 km in the California Channel Islands to quantify foraging distance, individual home-range area, and colony-based foraging areas during three consecutive breeding seasons. Auklets generally foraged <30 km from each colony in all years. Core foraging areas (50% fixed kernel) from Prince Island in 1999-2001 were north to northeast of the colony over the insular shelf near the shelfbreak. Core foraging areas from Scorpion Rock in 2000-2001 occurred in two focal areas: the Anacapa Passage, a narrow interisland passage adjacent to the colony, and over the southeastern Santa Barbara Channel. During 2000, intercolony foraging areas overlapped by 10%; however, auklets from each colony used the overlapping area at different times. Equivalent-sample-size resampling indicated Prince Island foraging area (1216 +/- 654 km(2)) was twice that of Scorpion Rock (598 +/- 204 km(2)). At Prince Island, mean individual distances, home-range areas, and colony-based activity areas were greater for females than males, especially during 2001. At Prince Island, core foraging areas of females and males, pooled separately, overlapped by 63% in 1999 and 2000, and by 35% in 2001. Postbreeding auklets from both colonies dispersed northward and moved to active upwelling centers off central California, coincident with decreased upwelling and sea-surface warming throughout the Santa Barbara Channel. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Adams, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, 505 Azuar Dr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. EM josh_adams@usgs.gov NR 80 TC 20 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 8 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 2004 VL 106 IS 3 BP 618 EP 637 DI 10.1650/7428 PG 20 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 845HX UT WOS:000223234100015 ER PT J AU Takano, LL Haig, SM AF Takano, LL Haig, SM TI Seasonal movement and home range of the Mariana Common Moorhen SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE core area; Gallinula chloropus guami; home range; interisland movement; Mariana Islands; moorhen; seasonal movement ID WESTERN GREAT-BASIN; MIGRATORY CONNECTIVITY; WETLAND CONNECTIVITY; POPULATION; ESTIMATORS; ABUNDANCE; DISPERSAL; ECOLOGY AB Adult Mariana Common Moorhens (Gallinula chloropus guami) were radio-marked on Guam (n = 25) and Saipan (n = 18) to determine home range, inter- and intraseasonal space use. and movement patterns among the Mariana Islands of Guam, Saipan, Tinian, and Rota. Birds were tracked throughout the dry and wet seasons in 2000 and 2001. During the dry season, no interisland movements were detected and most birds remained at a single wetland. However, some radio-marked adults on Guam (48%) and Saipan (11%) dispersed from their capture site to other wetland sites. Inter-and intraisland movements increased during the wet season. Interisland movement from Saipan to Tinian occurred at the onset of the wet season, although no birds were observed moving off Guam. Radio-marked adults on Guam (71%) and Saipan (70%) dispersed from their capture site to other wetlands. On Guam, moorhens moved farther in the wet season than the dry season. During the wet season frequency of movement among sites was inversely proportional to the average distance between wetlands. Guam moorhens used rivers more often during the wet season. Among nine dispersing adult moorhens captured during the wet season on Fena Reservoir, Guam, 67% returned to Fena Reservoir during the 2001 dry season. Home-range estimates on Guam averaged 3.1 +/- 4.8 ha (SD) and did not differ significantly between sexes or seasons. However, during the dry season, females exhibited significantly smaller mean core areas than males. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Takano, LL (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 300 Ala Moana Blvd,Room 3-122,Box 50088, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. EM leilani_takano@fws.gov NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 2004 VL 106 IS 3 BP 652 EP 663 DI 10.1650/7376 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 845HX UT WOS:000223234100017 ER PT J AU Beschta, RL Rhodes, JJ Kauffman, JB Griesswell, RE Minshall, GW Karr, JR Perry, DA Hauer, ER Frissell, CA AF Beschta, RL Rhodes, JJ Kauffman, JB Griesswell, RE Minshall, GW Karr, JR Perry, DA Hauer, ER Frissell, CA TI Postfire management on forested public lands of the western United States SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ecological principles; postfire treatments; restoration; salvage logging; wildland fire ID WOODY DEBRIS; NORTH-AMERICA; NATIVE FISHES; ECOSYSTEMS; STREAM; CALIFORNIA; FIRE; USA; OREGON; WILDFIRES AB Forest ecosystems in the western United States evolved over many millennia in response to disturbances such as wildfires. Land use and management practices have altered these ecosystems, however including fire regimes in some areas. Forest ecosystems are especially vulnerable to postfire management practices because such practices may influence forest dynamics and aquatic systems for decades to centuries. Thus, there is an increasing need to evaluate the effect of postfire treatments from the perspective of ecosystem recovery. We examined, via the published literature and our collective experience, the ecological effects of some common postfire treatments. Based on this examination, promising postfire restoration measures include retention of large trees, rehabilitation of firelines and roads, and, in some cases, planting of native species. The following practices are generally inconsistent with efforts to restore ecosystem functions after fire: seeding exotic species, livestock grazing, placement of physical structures in and near stream channels, ground-based postfire logging, removal of large trees, and road construction. Practices that adversely affect soil integrity, persistence or recovery of native species, riparian functions, or water quality generally impede ecological recovery after fire. Although research provides a basis for evaluating the efficacy of postfire treatments, there is a continuing need to increase our understanding of the effects of such treatments within the context of societal and ecological goals for forested public lands of the western United States. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Columbia River Intertribal Fish Commiss, Portland, OR 97232 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. Pacific Rivers Council, Polson, MT 59860 USA. RP Beschta, RL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM robertbeschta@oregonstate.edu NR 85 TC 118 Z9 128 U1 14 U2 63 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 18 IS 4 BP 957 EP 967 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00495.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 842CD UT WOS:000222979400017 ER PT J AU Bury, RB AF Bury, RB TI Wildfire, fuel reduction, and herpetofaunas across diverse landscape mosaics in northwestern forests SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID KLAMATH-SISKIYOU ECOREGION; NORTH COASTAL CALIFORNIA; YOUNG GROWTH FORESTS; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; STREAM AMPHIBIANS; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; ASCAPHUS-TRUEI; TAILED FROG; OREGON AB The herpetofauna (amphibians and reptiles) of northwestern forests (US.A.) is diverse, and many species are locally abundant. Most forest amphibians west of the Cascade Mountain crest are associated with cool, cascading streams or coarse woody material on the forest floor, which are characteristics of mature forests. Extensive loss and fragmentation of habitat resulted from logging across approximately 50% of old-growth forests in northern California and approximately 80% of stands in Oregon and Washington. There is a complex landscape mosaic and overlap of northern and southern biotic elements in the Klamath-Siskiyou Region along the Oregon and California border creating a biodiversity hotspot. The region experiences many low-severity fires annually, punctuated by periodic major fires, including the Biscuit fire, the largest in North America in 2002. In the fire's northern portion, severe fire occurred on >50% of stands of young, managed trees but on only about 25-33% of old-growth stands. This suggests that the legacy of timber harvest may produce fire-prone stands. Calls for prescribed fire and thinning to reduce fuel loads will remove large amounts of coarse woody material from forests, which reduces cover for amphibians and alters nutrient inputs to streams. Our preliminary evidence suggests no negative effects of wildfire on terrestrial amphibians, but stream amphibians decrease following wildfire. Most reptiles are adapted to open terrain, so fire usually improves their habitat Today, the challenge is to maintain biodiversity in western forests in the face of intense political pressures designed to 'Prevent" catastrophic fires. We need a dedicated research effort to understanding how fire affects biota and to proactively investigate outcomes of fuel-reduction management on wildlife in western forests. C1 US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Bury, RB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM buryb@usgs.gov NR 67 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 18 IS 4 BP 968 EP 975 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00522.x PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 842CD UT WOS:000222979400018 ER PT J AU Means, DB Dodd, CK Johnson, SA Palis, JG AF Means, DB Dodd, CK Johnson, SA Palis, JG TI Amphibians and fire in longleaf pine ecosystems: Response to Schurbon and Fauth SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID SOUTH-CAROLINA; NATURAL FLUCTUATIONS; BREEDING AMPHIBIANS; HUMAN IMPACTS; FLORIDA; POPULATIONS; SAVANNAS; POND; DIVERSITY; HABITAT C1 Coastal Plains Inst & Land Conservancy, Tallahassee, FL 32303 USA. US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Means, DB (reprint author), Coastal Plains Inst & Land Conservancy, 1313 Milton St, Tallahassee, FL 32303 USA. EM means@bio.fsu.edu NR 60 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 18 IS 4 BP 1149 EP 1153 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00017.x PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 842CD UT WOS:000222979400036 ER PT J AU Edwards, T Schwalbe, CR Swann, DE Goldberg, CS AF Edwards, T Schwalbe, CR Swann, DE Goldberg, CS TI Implications of anthropogenic landscape change on inter-population movements of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE conservation; desert tortoise; gene flow; Gopherus agassizii; microsatellite ID ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; GENE FLOW; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; DNA; DIFFERENTIATION; TRANSLOCATIONS AB In the Sonoran Desert of North America, populations of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) occur in rocky foothills throughout southwestern Arizona and northwestern Mexico. Although tortoise populations appear to be isolated from each other by low desert valleys, individuals occasionally move long distances between populations. Increasingly, these movements are hindered by habitat fragmentation due to anthropogenic landscape changes. We used molecular techniques and radiotelemetry to examine movement patterns of desert tortoises in southern Arizona. We collected blood samples from 170 individuals in nine mountain ranges and analyzed variability in seven microsatellite loci to determine genetic differentiation among populations. Gene flow estimates between populations indicate that populations exchanged individuals historically at a rate greater than one migrant per generation, and positive correlation between genetic and geographic distance of population pairs suggests that the limiting factor for gene flow among populations is isolation by distance. Life history traits of the desert tortoise, a long-lived species with delayed sexual maturity, may severely constrain the ability of small populations to respond to disturbances that increase adult mortality. Historic gene flow estimates among populations suggests that recovery of declining populations may rely heavily on the immigration of new individuals from adjacent mountain ranges. Management strategies compatible with the evolutionary history of gene flow among disjunct populations will help ensure the long-term persistence of Sonoran desert tortoise populations. C1 Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Saguaro Natl Pk, Natl Pk Serv, Tucson, AZ 85730 USA. RP Edwards, T (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, 125 Biol Sci E, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM tayache@ag.arizona.edu RI Goldberg, Caren/B-4075-2015 NR 58 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 35 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 5 IS 4 BP 485 EP 499 DI 10.1023/B:COGE.0000041031.58192.7c PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 852QE UT WOS:000223770700006 ER PT J AU Geyer, WR Signell, RP Fong, DA Wang, J Anderson, DM Keafer, BA AF Geyer, WR Signell, RP Fong, DA Wang, J Anderson, DM Keafer, BA TI The freshwater transport and dynamics of the western Maine coastal current SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE freshwater Maine; coastal current; measurements ID RIVER PLUME; ALONGSHORE TRANSPORT; SUBTIDAL VARIABILITY; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; ESTUARINE PLUMES; WIND; GULF; DISCHARGE; CIRCULATION; BUOYANCY AB Observations in the Gulf of Maine, USA, were used to characterize the freshwater transport, temporal variability and dynamics of the western Maine coastal current. These observations included moored measurements, multiple hydrographic surveys, and drifter releases during April-July of 1993 and 1994. There is a strong seasonal signal in salinity and along-shore velocity of the coastal current, caused by the freshwater inputs of the rivers entering the western Gulf. Surface salinity within the coastal current during the spring freshet is typically 2 psu below ambient, and along-shore currents in the surface layer are directed southwestward at speeds of 0.10-0.20 m s(-1) occasionally reaching 0.50 m s(-1). The plume thickness is typically 10-20 m in water depths of 50-100 m, thus it is well isolated from the bottom over most of its areal extent. The along-coast freshwater transport within the plume varies considerably due to variations in wind stress, but on time scales of weeks to months it follows the variations of riverine input, with a time lag consistent with the advective velocity. Less than half of the transport of the coastal current is explained by the baroclinic gradient; the barotropic forcing associated with the larger-scale dynamics of the Gulf of Maine accounts for about 60% of the transport. The volume of freshwater transport in the coastal current exceeds the local riverine input of fresh water by 30%, suggesting a significant contribution of freshwater transport from the St. John River, 500 km northeastward. The measurements within the western Maine coastal current, however, indicate a significant decrease in the baroclinic transport of fresh water along the coast, with an e-folding scale of approximately 200 km. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Alaska, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Geyer, WR (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM rgeyer@whoi.edu OI Signell, Richard/0000-0003-0682-9613 NR 26 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 24 IS 12 BP 1339 EP 1357 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2004.04.001 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 842XE UT WOS:000223037100005 ER PT J AU Storlazzi, CD Ogston, AS Bothner, MH Field, ME Presto, MK AF Storlazzi, CD Ogston, AS Bothner, MH Field, ME Presto, MK TI Wave- and tidally-driven flow and sediment flux across a fringing coral reef: Southern Molokai, Hawaii SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE coral reefs; waves; tides; suspended sediment; sediment flux; cross-shore transport ID SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; ENVIRONMENT; RESPONSES; STRESS; SHELF AB The fringing coral reef off the south coast of Molokai, Hawaii is currently being studied as part of a US Geological Survey (USGS) multi-disciplinary project that focuses on geologic and oceanographic processes that affect coral reef systems. For this investigation, four instrument packages were deployed across the fringing coral reef during the summer of 2001 to understand the processes governing fine-grained terrestrial sediment suspension on the shallow reef flat (h = 1 m) and its advection across the reef crest and onto the deeper fore reef. The time-series measurements suggest the following conceptual model of water and fine-grained sediment transport across the reef. Relatively cool, clear water flows up onto the reef flat during flooding tides. At high tide, more deep-water wave energy is able to propagate onto the reef flat and larger Trade wind-driven waves can develop on the reef flat, thereby increasing sediment suspension. Trade wind-driven surface currents and wave breaking at the reef crest cause setup of water on the reef flat, further increasing the water depth and enhancing the development of depth-limited waves and sediment suspension. As the tide ebbs, the water and associated suspended sediment on the reef flat drains off the reef flat and is advected offshore and to the west by Trade wind- and tidally-driven currents. Observations on the fore reef show relatively high turbidity throughout the water column during the ebb tide. It therefore appears that high suspended sediment concentrations on the deeper fore reef, where active coral growth is at a maximum, are dynamically linked to processes on the muddy, shallow reef flat. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Woods Hole Field Ctr, US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA USA. RP Storlazzi, CD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM cstorlazzi@usgs.gov; ogston@ocean.washington.edu; mbothner@usgs.gov; mfield@usgs.gov; kpresto@ocean.washington.edu OI Storlazzi, Curt/0000-0001-8057-4490 NR 40 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 24 IS 12 BP 1397 EP 1419 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2004.02.010 PG 23 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 842XE UT WOS:000223037100008 ER PT J AU Swezey, CS Sullivan, EC AF Swezey, CS Sullivan, EC TI Stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Anacacho Limestone, Texas, USA SO CRETACEOUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Anaeacho; Upson; Corsicana; Texas; Campanian; Cretaceous AB The Upper Cretaceous Anacacho Limestone is exposed in outcrops between the cities of San Antonio and Del Rio, Texas. A detailed study of four outcrops (Blanco Creek section, Sabinal River section, Seco Creek section, Hondo Creek section) shows that the Anacacho Limestone rests on the Upson Clay (which contains fauna of early Campanian age) and is overlain by the Corsicana Marl (which contains fauna of early Maastrichtian age). An unconformity within the Anacacho Limestone is used herein to separate the limestone into a lower member and an upper member. The lower Anacacho member contains fauna of early Campanian age, whereas the upper Anacacho member contains fauna of middle Campanian age. The lower Anacacho member consists predominantly of wackestones to packstones, which are overlain by packstones to grainstones capped by the unconformity. This unconformity is interpreted as a marine flooding surface, delineating a transition from carbonate grainstones deposited in shallow water (< 30 m depth) to a chalk deposited in deeper water. Above the unconformity, the upper Anacacho member is characterized by a chalk, overlain by wackestones and packstones. The uppermost section of the Anacacho Limestone consists of packstones and grainstones with abundant and diverse fossils. Most of the Anacacho Limestone developed in relatively shallow water (< 50 m. depth) leeward of a large carbonate build-up (possibly a rudistid reef) that now comprises the Anacacho Mountains. The environment, however, was open to marine water throughout deposition of the Anacacho Limestone. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Team, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA USA. Univ Houston, Dept Geosci, Allied Geophys Labs, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Swezey, CS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Team, Natl Ctr, Mailstop 956, Reston, VA USA. EM cswezey@usgs.gov; esulliva@mail.uh.edu OI Swezey, Christopher/0000-0003-4019-9264 NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0195-6671 J9 CRETACEOUS RES JI Cretac. Res. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 25 IS 4 BP 473 EP 497 DI 10.1016/j.cretres.2004.04.001 PG 25 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 849EU UT WOS:000223522300005 ER PT J AU Haeussler, PJ Schwartz, DP Dawson, TE Stenner, HA Lienkaemper, JJ Cinti, F Montone, P Sherrod, B Craw, P AF Haeussler, PJ Schwartz, DP Dawson, TE Stenner, HA Lienkaemper, JJ Cinti, F Montone, P Sherrod, B Craw, P TI Surface rupture of the 2002 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake and comparison with other strike-slip ruptures SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN ALASKA; MAGNITUDE; TECTONICS; MODEL AB On 3 November 2002, an M7.9 earthquake produced 340 km of surface rupture on the Denali and two related faults in Alaska. The rupture proceeded from west to east and began with a 40-km-long break on a previously unknown thrust fault. Estimates of surface slip on this thrust are 3-6 En. Next came the principal surface break along similar to 218 km of the Denali fault. Right-lateral offsets averaged around 5 m and increased eastward to a maximum of nearly 9 m. The fault also ruptured beneath the trans-Alaska oil pipeline, which withstood almost 6 m of lateral offset. Finally, slip turned southeastward onto the Totschunda fault. Right-lateral offsets are up to 3 m, and the surface rupture is about 76 km long. This three-part rupture ranks among the longest strike-slip events of the past two centuries. The earthquake is typical when compared to other large earthquakes on major intracontinental strike-slip faults. C1 US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, I-00143 Rome, Italy. Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Div Geol & Geophys Surveys, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. RP US Geol Survey, 4200 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. OI Montone, Paola/0000-0002-9297-1730; Haeussler, Peter/0000-0002-1503-6247 NR 33 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 EI 1944-8201 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD AUG PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3 BP 565 EP 578 DI 10.1193/1.1775797 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 951VN UT WOS:000230960000003 ER PT J AU Ellsworth, WL Celebi, M Evans, JR Jensen, EG Kayen, R Metz, MC Nyman, DJ Roddick, JW Spudich, P Stephens, CD AF Ellsworth, WL Celebi, M Evans, JR Jensen, EG Kayen, R Metz, MC Nyman, DJ Roddick, JW Spudich, P Stephens, CD TI Near-field ground motion of the 2002 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake recorded at Pump Station 10 SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID CHI-CHI; RUPTURE; MAGNITUDE AB A free-field recording of the Denali fault earthquake was obtained by the Alyeska Pipeline Service Company 3 km from the surface rupture of the Denali fault. The instrument, part of the monitoring and control system for the trans-Alaska pipeline, was located at Pump Station 10, approximately 85 km east of the epicenter. After correction for the measured instrument response, we recover a selsmogram that includes a permanent displacement of 3.0 m. The recorded ground motion has relatively low peak acceleration (0.36 g) and very high peak velocity (180 cm/s). Nonlinear soil response may have reduced the peak acceleration to this 0.36 g value. Accelerations in excess of 0.1 g lasted for 10 s, with the most intense motion occurring during a 1.5-s interval when the rupture passed the site. The low acceleration and high velocity observed near the fault in this earthquake agree with observations from other recent large-magnitude earthquakes. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. MC Metz & Assoc, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. DJ Nyman Assoc, Houston, TX 77070 USA. Alyeska Pipeline Serv Co, Fairbanks, AK 99706 USA. RP US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 29 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 5 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 EI 1944-8201 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD AUG PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3 BP 597 EP 615 DI 10.1193/1.1778172 PG 19 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 951VN UT WOS:000230960000005 ER PT J AU Ji, C Helmberger, DV Wald, DJ AF Ji, C Helmberger, DV Wald, DJ TI A teleseismic study of the 2002 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake and implications for rapid strong-motion estimation SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID 1999 HECTOR MINE; CALIFORNIA; INVERSION; SLIP; VELOCITY; HISTORY; PHASE; BLOCK AB Slip histories for the 2002 M7.9 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake are derived rapidly from global teleseismic waveform data. In phases, three models improve matching waveform data and recovery of rupture details. In the first model (Phase I), analogous to an automated solution, a simple fault plane is fixed based on the preliminary Harvard Centroid Moment Tensor mechanism and the epicenter provided by the Preliminary Determination of Epicenters. This model is then updated (Phase II) by implementing a more realistic fault geometry inferred from Digital Elevation Model topography and further (Phase III) by using the calibrated P-wave and SH-wave arrival times derived from modeling of the nearby 2002 M6.7 Nenana Mountain earthquake. These models are used to predict the peak ground velocity and the shaking intensity field in the fault vicinity. The procedure to estimate local strong motion could be automated and used for global real-time earthquake shaking and damage assessment. C1 CALTECH, Seismol Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Ji, C (reprint author), CALTECH, Seismol Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. OI Wald, David/0000-0002-1454-4514 NR 22 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INSTITUTE PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD AUG PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3 BP 617 EP 637 DI 10.1193/1.1778388 PG 21 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 951VN UT WOS:000230960000006 ER PT J AU Kayen, R Thompson, E Minasian, D Moss, RES Collins, BD Sitar, N Dreger, D Carver, G AF Kayen, R Thompson, E Minasian, D Moss, RES Collins, BD Sitar, N Dreger, D Carver, G TI Geotechnical reconnaissance of the 2002 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article AB The 2002 M7.9 Denali fault earthquake resulted in 340 km of ruptures along three separate faults, causing widespread liquefaction in the fluvial deposits of the alpine valleys of the Alaska Range and eastern lowlands of the Tanana River. Areas affected by liquefaction are largely confined to Holocene alluvial deposits, man-made embankments, and backfills. Liquefaction damage, sparse surrounding the fault rupture in the western region, was abundant and severe on the eastern rivers: the Robertson, Slana, Tok, Chisana, Nabesna and Tanana Rivers. Synthetic seismograms from a kinematic source model suggest that the eastern region of the rupture zone had elevated strong-motion levels due to rupture directivity, supporting observations of elevated geotechnical damage. We use augered soil samples and shear-wave velocity profiles made with a portable apparatus for the spectral analysis of surface waves (SASW) to characterize soil properties and stiffness at liquefaction sites and three trans-Alaska pipeline pump station accelerometer locations. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Carver Geol Inc, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Kayen, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Thompson, Eric/E-6895-2010; OI Thompson, Eric/0000-0002-6943-4806; Sitar, Nicholas/0000-0001-7253-5985 NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INSTITUTE PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD AUG PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3 BP 639 EP 667 DI 10.1193/1.1778389 PG 29 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 951VN UT WOS:000230960000007 ER PT J AU Jibson, RW Harp, EL Schulz, W Keefer, DK AF Jibson, RW Harp, EL Schulz, W Keefer, DK TI Landslides triggered by the 2002 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake and the inferred nature of the strong shaliing SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID DEBRIS FLOW; NORTHRIDGE; AVALANCHE; DYNAMICS AB The 2002 M7.9 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake triggered thousands of landslides, primarily rock falls and rock slides, that ranged in volume from rock falls of a few cubic meters to rock avalanches having volumes as great as 15 X 10(6) m(3). The pattern of landsliding was unusual; the number of slides was less than expected for an earthquake of this magnitude, and the landslides were concentrated in a narrow zone 30-km wide that straddled the fault rupture over its entire 300-km length. The large rock avalanches all clustered along the western third of the rupture zone where acceleration levels and ground-shaking frequencies are thought to have been the highest. Inferences about near-field strong shaking characteristics drawn from the interpretation of the landslide distribution are consistent with results of recent inversion modeling that indicate high-frequency energy generation was greatest in the western part of the fault rupture zone and decreased markedly to the east. C1 Denver Fed Ctr, US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Jibson, RW (reprint author), Denver Fed Ctr, US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS 966, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 35 TC 53 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 9 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INSTITUTE PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD AUG PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3 BP 669 EP 691 DI 10.1193/1.1778173 PG 23 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 951VN UT WOS:000230960000008 ER PT J AU Celebi, M AF Celebi, M TI Response of a 14-story Anchorage, Alaska, building in 2002 to two close earthquakes and two distant Denali fault earthquakes SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article AB The recorded responses of an Anchorage, Alaska, building during four significant earthquakes that occurred in 2002 are studied. Two earthquakes, including the 3 November 2002 M7.9 Denali fault earthquake, with epicenters approximately 275 km from the building, generated long trains of long-period (>1 s) surface waves. The other two smaller earthquakes occurred at subcrustal depths practically beneath Anchorage and produced higher frequency motions. These two pairs of earthquakes have different impacts on the response of the building. Higher modes are more pronounced in the building response during the smaller nearby events. The building responses indicate that the close-coupling of translational and torsional modes causes a significant beating effect. It is also possible that there is some resonance occurring due to the site frequency being close to the structural frequency. Identification of dynamic characteristics and behavior of buildings can provide important lessons for future earth quake-resistant designs and retrofit of existing buildings. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Celebi, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INSTITUTE PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD AUG PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3 BP 693 EP 706 DI 10.1193/1.1779291 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 951VN UT WOS:000230960000009 ER PT J AU Wesson, RL Perkins, DM Leyendecker, EV Roth, RJ Petersen, MA AF Wesson, RL Perkins, DM Leyendecker, EV Roth, RJ Petersen, MA TI Losses to single-family housing from ground motions in the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article AB The distributions of insured losses to single-family housing following the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake for 234 ZIP codes can be satisfactorily modeled with gamma distributions. Regressions of the parameters in the gamma distribution on estimates of ground motion, derived from ShakeMap estimates or from interpolated observations, provide a basis for developing curves of conditional probability of loss given a ground motion. Comparison of the resulting estimates of aggregate loss with the actual aggregate loss gives satisfactory agreement for several different ground-motion parameters. Estimates of loss based on a deterministic spatial model of the earthquake ground motion, using standard attenuation relationships and NEHRP soil factors, give satisfactory results for some ground-motion parameters if the input ground motions are increased about one and one-half standard deviations above the median, reflecting the fact that the ground motions for the Northridge earthquake tended to be higher than the median ground motion for other earthquakes with similar magnitude. The results give promise for making estimates of insured losses to a similar building stock under future earthquake loading. C1 Denver Fed Ctr, US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Calif Insurance Actuaries, Huntington Beach, CA 92646 USA. RP Wesson, RL (reprint author), Denver Fed Ctr, US Geol Survey, MS 966,Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INSTITUTE PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD AUG PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3 BP 1021 EP 1045 DI 10.1193/1.1775238 PG 25 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 951VN UT WOS:000230960000022 ER PT J AU Travis, SE Proffitt, CE Ritland, K AF Travis, SE Proffitt, CE Ritland, K TI Population structure and inbreeding vary with successional stage in created Spartina alterniflora marshes SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Review DE AFLP; clonal plants; geitonogamy; genotypic diversity; inbreeding depression; mating system; population structure; RAPD; seedling recruitment; Spartina alterniflora ID SPATIAL GENETIC-STRUCTURE; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; DECODON-VERTICILLATUS LYTHRACEAE; DIFFERENTLY-AGED POPULATIONS; LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; ENGLAND SALT-MARSH; N INDEPENDENT LOCI; CLONAL DIVERSITY; ZOSTERA-MARINA; HERMAPHRODITE PLANTS AB Recruitment patterns in clonal plant populations are predicted to vary with seed dispersal capability and disturbance regime, such that species with small, widely dispersed seeds will become increasingly dominated by vegetative recruitment on disturbed areas following early colonization. Subsequent mortality due to competitive or stochastic effects is then predicted to cause a gradual decline in both clonal diversity and the ability of surviving clones to avoid geitonogamous mating and possible inbreeding depression. We tested predictions of these hypotheses by comparing four adjacent populations of the salt marsh plant, Spartina alterniflora, ranging in age from 2 to similar to50 yr, by measuring fine-scale genetic structure at the level of both ramets and genets, and the rate of inbreeding. For this purpose, we sampled maternal tissue and seeds from discrete patches in the field and then genotyped both maternal and seedling tissue (germinated in a growth chamber) using standard molecular protocols. As predicted, we observed an increase in clonal diversity (measured as the complement of the Simpson Index corrected for finite sample sizes, 1 - D) up to a maximum of 0.71 within 3-m(2) patches at 16 yr, declining to 0.55 by similar to50 yr. Local recruitment of seedlings was evident as genetic structure occurring at the level of patches, as measured by the fixation index, theta, which was inversely correlated with diversity (R-2 > 0.90 at all patch scales). Outcrossing rates were positively associated with clonal diversity, with the highest level (89%) at an intermediate level of 1 - D. The greatest selfing (32%) occurred in young (2-yr-old) patches with low diversity. Biparental inbreeding was minimal in all populations, never exceeding 1%. Inbreeding depression was inferred to be severe, as evidenced by near-zero adult inbreeding coefficients. These results suggest a possible fitness trade-off between clonal growth and the opportunity for outcrossing. We recommend that restoration plantings of clonal species with limited sexual recruitment capabilities should be designed to ensure adequate clonal diversity for the avoidance of inbreeding and the ability to adapt to Subsequent environmental disturbances. C1 USGS, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest Sci, Fac Forestry, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP USGS, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA USA. EM steven_travis@usgs.gov NR 111 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 4 U2 27 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 14 IS 4 BP 1189 EP 1202 DI 10.1890/03-5135 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 844KI UT WOS:000223156600020 ER PT J AU DeStefano, S AF DeStefano, S TI Wildlife responses to climate change, North American case studies SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Book Review C1 Univ Massachusetts, Holdsworth Nat Resources Ctr, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Res Unit,USGS Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildl, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP DeStefano, S (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Holdsworth Nat Resources Ctr, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Res Unit,USGS Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildl, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM sdestef@forwild.umass.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 49 IS 4 BP 487 EP 488 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2004.01.009 PG 2 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 860DV UT WOS:000224320600006 ER PT J AU Wildhaber, ML Lamberson, PJ AF Wildhaber, ML Lamberson, PJ TI Importance of the habitat choice behavior assumed when modeling the effects of food and temperature on fish populations SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE optimal foraging; thermoregulation; behavioral energetics; bioenergetics; discounted matching; bluegill; spatially explicit; individual based ID INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL; BLUEGILL LEPOMIS-MACROCHIRUS; BIOENERGETICS MODELS; SPATIALLY EXPLICIT; LARVAL FISH; TRADE-OFF; GROWTH; PREDATION; DYNAMICS; ECOLOGY AB Various mechanisms of habitat choice in fishes based on food and/or temperature have been proposed: optimal foraging for food alone; behavioral thermoregulation for temperature alone; and behavioral energetics and discounted matching for food and temperature combined. Along with development of habitat choice mechanisms, there has been a major push to develop and apply to fish populations individual-based models that incorporate various forms of these mechanisms. However, it is not known how the wide variation in observed and hypothesized mechanisms of fish habitat choice could alter fish population predictions (e.g. growth, size distributions, etc.). We used spatially explicit, individual-based modeling to compare predicted fish populations using different submodels of patch choice behavior under various food and temperature distributions. We compared predicted growth, temperature experience, food consumption, and final spatial distribution using the different models. Our results demonstrated that the habitat choice mechanism assumed in fish population modeling simulations was critical to predictions of fish distribution and growth rates. Hence, resource managers who use modeling results to predict fish population trends should be very aware of and understand the underlying patch choice mechanisms used in their models to assure that those mechanisms correctly represent the fish populations being modeled. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Wildhaber, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM mwildhaber@usgs.gov NR 47 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 175 IS 4 BP 395 EP 409 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2003.08.022 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 831YN UT WOS:000222232900005 ER PT J AU Bullock, SH Turner, RM Hastings, JR Escoro-Rodriguez, M Lopez, ZRA Rodriguez-Navarro, JL AF Bullock, SH Turner, RM Hastings, JR Escoro-Rodriguez, M Lopez, ZRA Rodriguez-Navarro, JL TI Variance of size-age curves: Bootstrapping with autocorrelation SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE age-size relations; Fouquieria; growth; population structure; serial autocorrelation; simulation models; uncertainty estimation ID GROWTH-RATES; RAIN-FOREST; MORTALITY PATTERNS; TREES; STANDS; OLD AB We modify a method of estimating size-age relations from a minimal set of individual increment data, recognizing that growth depends not only on size but also varies greatly among individuals and is consistent within an individual for several to many time intervals. The method is exemplified with data from a long-lived desert plant and a range of autocorrelation factors encompassing field-measured values. The results suggest that age estimates based on size and growth rates with only moderate autocorrelation are subject to large variation, which raises major problems for prediction or hindcasting for ecological analysis or management. C1 Ctr Invest Cientifica & Educ Super Ensenada, Dept Biol Conservac, Ensenada 22800, Baja California, Mexico. US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ Autonoma Baja California, Fac Ciencias, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Baja California, CICESE, Direcc Telemat, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. RP Bullock, SH (reprint author), Ctr Invest Cientifica & Educ Super Ensenada, Dept Biol Conservac, Apartado Postal 2732, Ensenada 22800, Baja California, Mexico. EM sbullock@cicese.mx NR 31 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 4 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD AUG PY 2004 VL 85 IS 8 BP 2114 EP 2117 DI 10.1890/03-3115 PG 4 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 853JT UT WOS:000223824300008 ER PT J AU Naugle, DE Aldridge, CL Walker, BL Cornish, TE Moynahan, BJ Holloran, MJ Brown, K Johnson, GD Schmidtmann, ET Mayer, RT Kato, CY Matchett, MR Christiansen, TJ Cook, WE Creekmore, T Falise, RD Rinkes, ET Boyce, MS AF Naugle, DE Aldridge, CL Walker, BL Cornish, TE Moynahan, BJ Holloran, MJ Brown, K Johnson, GD Schmidtmann, ET Mayer, RT Kato, CY Matchett, MR Christiansen, TJ Cook, WE Creekmore, T Falise, RD Rinkes, ET Boyce, MS TI West Nile virus: pending crisis for greater sage-grouse SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Centrocercus urophasianus; emerging infectious disease; endangered species; greater sage-grouse; mosquito; population decline; survival; vector surveillance; West Nile virus ID CENTROCERCUS-UROPHASIANUS; REGRESSION-MODEL; RAPID DETECTION; NEW-YORK; POPULATION; CONSERVATION; MOSQUITOS; RESIDUALS; INFECTION; WILDLIFE AB Scientists have feared that emerging infectious diseases could complicate efforts to conserve rare and endangered species, but quantifying impacts has proven difficult until now. We report unexpected impacts of West Nile virus (WNv) on radio-marked greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), a species that has declined 45-80% and is endangered in Canada and under current consideration for federal listing in the US. We show that WNv reduced late-summer survival an average of 25% in four radio-marked populations in the western US and Canada. Serum from 112 sage-grouse collected after the outbreak show that none had antibodies, suggesting that they lack resistance. The spread of WNv represents a significant new stressor on sage-grouse and probably other at-risk species. While managing habitat might lessen its impact on sage-grouse populations, WNv has left wildlife and public health officials scrambling to address surface water and vector control issues in western North America. C1 Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. Univ Wyoming, Dept Vet Sci, Wyoming State Vet Lab, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Boone & Crockett Wildlife Conservat Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. Thunderbird Wildlife Consulting Inc, Wright, WY 82732 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Univ Wyoming, USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Charles M Russell Natl Wildlife Refuge, Lewistown, MT 59457 USA. Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Green River, WY 82935 USA. Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. Dept Hlth, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. Bur Land Management, Billings, MT 59107 USA. Bur Land Management, Lander, WY 82520 USA. RP Naugle, DE (reprint author), Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM dnaugle@forestry.umt.edu RI Aldridge, Cameron /F-4025-2011; Boyce, Mark/A-2620-2014 OI Boyce, Mark/0000-0001-5811-325X NR 39 TC 70 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 22 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 7 IS 8 BP 704 EP 713 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00631.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 838ME UT WOS:000222716600011 ER PT J AU U, KTP Falk, M Suchanek, TH Ustin, SL Chen, JQ Park, YS Winner, WE Thomas, SC Hsiao, TC Shaw, RH King, TS Pyles, RD Schroeder, M Matista, AA AF U, KTP Falk, M Suchanek, TH Ustin, SL Chen, JQ Park, YS Winner, WE Thomas, SC Hsiao, TC Shaw, RH King, TS Pyles, RD Schroeder, M Matista, AA TI Carbon dioxide exchange between an old-growth forest and the atmosphere SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE net ecosystem exchange (NEE); gross ecosystem production; eddy covariance; biometeorology; old-growth forest; carbon flux; carbon dioxide; Wind River Canopy Crane ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS FOREST; PSEUDOTSUGA-TSUGA FOREST; WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; UNITED-STATES; EDDY-COVARIANCE; WESTERN OREGON; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; TALL VEGETATION AB Eddy-covariance and biometeorological methods show significant net annual carbon uptake in an old-growth Douglas-fir forest in southwestern Washington, USA. These results contrast with previous assumptions that old-growth forest ecosystems are in carbon equilibrium. The basis for differences between conventional biomass-based carbon sequestration estimates and the biometeorologic estimates are discussed. Annual net ecosystem exchange was comparable to younger ecosystems at the same latitude, as quantified in the AmeriFlux program. Net ecosystem carbon uptake was significantly correlated with photosynthetically active radiation and air temperature, as well as soil moisture and precipitation. Optimum ecosystem photosynthesis occurred at relatively cool temperatures (5degrees-10degreesC). Understory and soil carbon exchange always represented a source of carbon to the atmosphere, with a strong seasonal cycle in source strength. Understory and soil carbon exchange showed a Q(10) temperature dependence and represented a substantial portion of the ecosystem carbon budget. The period of main carbon uptake and the period of soil and ecosystem respiration are out of phase, however, and driven by different climatic boundary conditions. The period of strongest ecosystem carbon uptake coincides with the lowest observed values of soil and ecosystem respiration. Despite the substantial contribution of soil, the overall strength of the photosynthetic sink resulted in the net annual uptake. The net uptake estimates here included two correction methods, one for advection and the other for low levels of turbulence. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dept Environm Contaminants W2605, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Natl Inst Global Environm Change, Western Reg Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Toledo, Bowman Oddy Labs, Sch Landscape Ecol & Ecosyst Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Toronto, Fac Forestry, Toronto, ON M5S 3B3, Canada. Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP U, KTP (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ktpawu@ucdavis.edu RI Thomas, Sean/B-6089-2008; Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009 NR 71 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD AUG PY 2004 VL 7 IS 5 BP 513 EP 524 DI 10.1007/s10021-004-0141-8 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 845TJ UT WOS:000223266900008 ER PT J AU Jackson, BP Winger, PV Lasier, PJ AF Jackson, BP Winger, PV Lasier, PJ TI Atmospheric lead deposition to Okefenokee Swamp, Georgia, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Pb isotope ratios; lake sediment ID ISOTOPE RATIO MEASUREMENTS; DYNAMIC REACTION CELL; PEAT BOG; LAKE-SEDIMENTS; ENRICHMENT FACTORS; UNITED-STATES; TRACE-METALS; POLLUTION; RECORD; PB AB Contamination of the environment from atmospheric deposition during the twentieth century is pervasive even in areas ostensibly considered pristine or remote from point sources. In this study, Pb concentrations in a Pb-210-dated peat core collected from the Okefenokee Swamp, GA were used to assess historical contaminant input via atmospheric deposition. Lead isotope ratios were determined by dynamic reaction cell ICP-MS (DRC-ICP-MS). Increases in Pb concentration occurred in the late nineteenth century and a marked rise in Pb concentrations pre-dated the widespread use of leaded gasoline within the US. The Pb-206/Pb-207 ratios of 1.19 during this period were consistent with coal combustion emissions. A later increase in Pb concentration, concurrent with a trend toward more radiogenic Pb-206/Pb-207 ratios in gasoline is consistent with an increased input of Pb from leaded gasoline emissions. However, it appears that coal combustion emissions remain a major source of Pb to the Okefenokee. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Adv Analyt Ctr Environm Sci, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Jackson, BP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Adv Analyt Ctr Environm Sci, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM jackson@srel.edu NR 29 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 130 IS 3 BP 445 EP 451 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2003.12.019 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 831YV UT WOS:000222233700013 PM 15182975 ER PT J AU Landmeyer, JE Tanner, TL Watt, BE AF Landmeyer, JE Tanner, TL Watt, BE TI Biotransformation of tributyltin to tin in freshwater river-bed sediments contaminated by an organotin release SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEGRADATION; FATE; ACCUMULATION; BUTYLTINS; ESTUARINE AB The largest documented release of organotin compounds to a freshwater river system in the United States occurred in early 2000 in central South Carolina. The release consisted of an unknown volume of various organotin compounds such tetrabutyltin (TTBT), tributyltin (TBT), tetraoctyltin (TTOT), and trioctyl tin (TOT) and resulted in a massive fish kill and the permanent closures of a municipal wastewater treatment plant and a local city's only drinking-water intake. Initial sampling events in 2000 and 2001 indicated that concentrations of the ecologically toxic TTBT and TBT were each greater than 10000 mug/kg in surface-water bed sediments in depositional areas, such as lakes and beaver ponds downstream of the release. Bed-sediment samples collected between 2001 and 2003, however, revealed a substantial decrease in bed-sediment organotin concentrations and an increase in concentrations of degradation intermediate compounds. For example, in bed sediments of a representative beaver pond located about 1.6 km downstream of the release, total organotin concentrations [the sum of TTBT, TBT, and the TBT degradation intermediates dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT)] decreased from 38670 to 298 mug/kg. In Crystal Lake, a large lake about 0.4 km downstream from the beaver pond, total organotin concentrations decreased from 28 300 to less than 5 mug/kg during the same time period. Moreover, bed-sediment inorganic tin concentrations increased from pre-release levels of less than 800 to 32700 mug/kg during this time. These field data suggest that the released organotin compounds, such as TBT, are being transformed into inorganic tin by bed-sediment microbial processes. Microcosms were created in the laboratory that contained bed sediment from the two sites and were amended with tributyltin (as tributyltin chloride) under an ambient air headspace and sacrificially analyzed periodically for TBT, the biodegradation intermediates DBT and MBT, and tin. TBT concentrations decreased faster [half-life (t(1/2)) = 28 d] in the organic-rich sediments (21.5%) that characterized the beaver pond as compared to the slower (t(1/2) = 78 d) degradation rate in the sandy, organic-poor, sediments (0.43%) of Crystal Lake. Moreover, the concentration of inorganic tin increased in microcosms containing bed sediments from both locations. These field and laboratory results suggest that biotransformation of the released organotins, in particular the ecologically detrimental TBT, does occur in this fresh surface-water system impacted with high concentrations of neat organotin compounds. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. US EPA, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Data Resources Inc, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. RP Landmeyer, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 720 Gracern Rd,Suite 129, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM jlandmey@usgs.gov NR 29 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 15 BP 4106 EP 4112 DI 10.1021/es030697z PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 842WO UT WOS:000223035400017 PM 15352448 ER PT J AU Councell, TB Duckenfield, KU Landa, ER Callender, E AF Councell, TB Duckenfield, KU Landa, ER Callender, E TI Tire-wear particles as a source of zinc to the environment SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FINE ORGANIC AEROSOL; HEAVY-METALS; AUTOMOBILE TIRES; ROADSIDE SOIL; RUBBER; TOXICITY; WATER; CONTAMINATION; DEGRADATION; SEDIMENTS AB Tire-tread material has a zinc (Zn) content of about 1 wt %. The quantity of tread material lost to road surfaces by abrasion has not been well characterized. Two approaches were used to assess the magnitude of this nonpoint source of Zn in the U.S. for the period 1936-1999. In the first approach, tread-wear rates from the automotive engineering literature were used in conjunction with vehicle distance-driven data from the U.S. Department of Transportation to determine Zn releases. A second approach calculated this source term from the volume of tread lost during lifetime tire wear. These analyses showed that the quantity of Zn released by tire wear in the mid-1990s was of the same magnitude as that released from waste incineration. For 1999, the quantity of Zn released by tire wear in the U.S. is estimated to be 10 000-11 000 metric tons. A specific case study focused on Zn sources and sinks in an urban-suburban watershed (Lake Anne) in the Washington, DC, metropolitan area for a time period of the late 1990s. The atmospheric flux of total Zn (wet deposition) to the watershed was 2 mug/cm(2)/yr. The flux of Zn to the watershed estimated from tire wear was 42 mug/cm(2)/yr. The measured accumulation rate of total Zn in age-dated sediment cores from Lake Anne was 27 mug/cm(2)/yr. These data suggest that tire-wear Zn inputs to urban-suburban watersheds can be significantly greater than atmospheric inputs, although the watershed appears to retain appreciable quantities of vehicular Zn inputs. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP Landa, ER (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 430,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA USA. EM erlanda@usgs.gov NR 89 TC 180 Z9 192 U1 6 U2 62 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 15 BP 4206 EP 4214 DI 10.1021/es034631f PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 842WO UT WOS:000223035400031 PM 15352462 ER PT J AU Chun, Y Sheng, GY Chiou, CT AF Chun, Y Sheng, GY Chiou, CT TI Evaluation of current techniques for isolation of chars as natural adsorbents SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISTRIBUTED REACTIVITY MODEL; HETEROGENEOUS ORGANIC-MATTER; BLACK CARBON; ELEMENTAL CARBON; PHENANTHRENE SORPTION; MARINE SEDIMENTS; SOILS; ADSORPTION; WATER; QUANTIFICATION AB Chars in soils or sediments may potentially influence the soil/sediment sorption behavior. Current techniques for the isolation of black carbon including chars rely often on acid demineralization, base extraction, and chemical oxidation to remove salts and minerals, humic acid, and refractory kerogen, respectively. Little is known about the potential effects of these chemical processes on the char surface and adsorptive properties. This study examined the effects of acid demineralization, base extraction, and acidic Cr2O72- oxidation on the surface areas, surface acidity, and benzene adsorption characteristics of laboratory-produced pinewood and wheat-residue chars, pure or mixed with soils, and a commercial activated carbon. Demineralization resulted in a small reduction in the char surface area, whereas base extraction showed no obvious effect. Neither demineralization nor base extraction caused an appreciable variation in benzene adsorption and presumably the char surface properties. By contrast, the Cr2O72- oxidation caused a >31% reduction in char surface area. The Boehm titration, supplemented by FTIR spectra, indicated that the surface acidity of oxidized chars increased by a factor between 2.3 and 12 compared to nonoxidized chars. Benzene adsorption with the oxidized chars was lower than that with the non-oxidized chars by a factor of >8.9; both the decrease in char surface area and the increase in char surface acidity contributed to the reduction in char adsorptive power. Although the Cr2O72-oxidation effectively removes resistant kerogen, it is not well suited for the isolation of chars as contaminant adsorbents because of its destructive nature. Alternative nondestructive techniques that preserve the char surface properties and effectively remove kerogen must be sought. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Soil Crop & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Nanjing Univ, Dept Chem, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Sheng, GY (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Soil Crop & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM gsheng@uark.edu RI Chiou, Cary/C-3203-2013 NR 44 TC 25 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 15 BP 4227 EP 4232 DI 10.1021/es035493h PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 842WO UT WOS:000223035400034 PM 15352465 ER PT J AU Johnson, BT Petty, JD Huckins, JN Lee, K Gauthier, J AF Johnson, BT Petty, JD Huckins, JN Lee, K Gauthier, J TI Hazard assessment of a simulated oil spill on intertidal areas of the St. Lawrence river with SPMD-TOX SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Toxicity Assessment CY JUN 01-06, 2003 CL Inst Bot, Vilnius, LITHUANIA HO Inst Bot DE SPMD-TOX; minimalism; simulated oil spill; phytoremediation; toxicity; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; PAH ID ACTIVATED MUTATOX ASSAY; GENOTOXIC SUBSTANCES; SEDIMENTS AB Phytoremediation in a simulated crude oil spill was studied with a "minimalistic" approach. The SPMD-TOX paradigm-a miniature passive sorptive device to collect and concentrate chemicals and microscale tests to detect toxicity-was used to monitor over time the bioavailability and potential toxicity of an oil spill. A simulated crude oil spill was initiated on an intertidal freshwater grass-wetland along the St. Lawrence River southwest of Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. Several phytoremediation treatments were investigated; to dissipate and ameliorate the spill, treatments included nutrient amendments with inorganic nitrogen sources (ammonium nitrate and sodium nitrate) and phosphate (super triple phosphate) with and without cut plants, with natural attenuation (no phytoremedial treatment) as a control. Sequestered oil residues were bioavailable in all oil-treated plots in Weeks 1 and 2. Interestingly, the samples were colored and fluoresced under ultraviolet light. In addition, microscale tests showed that sequestered residues were acutely toxic and genotoxic, as well as that they induced hepatic P-450 enzymes. Analysis of these data suggested that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were among the bioavailable residues sequestered. In addition, these findings suggested that the toxic bioavailable fractions of the oil spill and degradation products dissipated rapidly over time because after the second week the water column contained no oil or detectable degradation products in this riverine intertidal wetland. SPMD-TOX revealed no evidence of bioavailable oil products in Weeks 4, 6, 8, and 12. All phytoremediation efforts appeared to be ineffective in changing either the dissipation rate or the ability to ameliorate the oil toxicity. SPMD-TOX analysis of the water columns from these riverine experimental plots profiled the occurrence, dissipation, and influence of phytoremediation on the bioavailability and toxicity of oil products (parent or degradation products). (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Maurice Lamontagne Inst, Mont Joli, PQ G5H 3Z4, Canada. RP Johnson, BT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM btjohnson@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1520-4081 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL JI Environ. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 19 IS 4 BP 329 EP 335 DI 10.1002/tox.20022 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Water Resources GA 844SA UT WOS:000223178800010 PM 15269903 ER PT J AU Russell, JS Halbrook, RS Woolf, A French, JB Melancon, MJ AF Russell, JS Halbrook, RS Woolf, A French, JB Melancon, MJ TI Blarina brevicauda as a biological monitor of polychlorinated biphenyls: Evaluation of hepatic cytochrome P450 induction SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE short-tailed shrew; cytochrome P450 induction; polychlorinated biphenyls ID O-DEALKYLATION; 3-METHYLCHOLANTHRENE; ETHOXYRESORUFIN; AROCLOR-1254; ACCUMULATION; METABOLISM; RESIDUES; WILDLIFE; ENZYMES; SERIES AB We assessed the value of short-tailed shrews (Blarina brevicauda) as a possible biomonitor for polychlorinated biphenyl pollution through measurement of the induction of hepatic cytochrome P450 and associated enzyme activities. First, we checked the inducibility of four monooxygenases (benzyloxyresorufin-O-dealkylase [BROD], ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase [EROD], methoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase [MROD], and pentoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase [PROD]) by measuring the activity of these enzymes in hepatic microsomes prepared from shrews injected with beta-naphthoflavone (betaNF) or phenobarbital (PB), typical inducers of cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) and CYP2B enzyme families, respectively. Enzyme activity was induced in shrews that received betaNF but not in shrews that received PB; PROD was not induced by either exposure. Later, shrews were exposed to a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (Aroclor 1242:1254, in 1:2 ratio) at 0.6, 9.6, and 150 ppm in food, for 31 d. Induction in these shrews was measured by specific enzyme activity (BROD, EROD, and MROD) in hepatic microsomes, by western blotting of solubilized microsomes against antibodies to CYP1A or CYP2B, and by duration of sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep. These three CYP enzymes were induced in shrews by PCBs at similar levels of exposure as in cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus). Neither sleep time nor the amount of CYP2B family protein were affected by PCB exposure. Blarina brevicauda can be a useful biomonitor of PCBs that induce CYP1A, especially in habitats where they are the abundant small mammal. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Melancon, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12011 Beech Forest Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM mark_melancon@usgs.gov NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 23 IS 8 BP 1867 EP 1873 DI 10.1897/03-329 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 838VC UT WOS:000222740400008 PM 15352474 ER PT J AU Hansen, JA Lipton, J Welsh, PG Cacela, D MacConnell, B AF Hansen, JA Lipton, J Welsh, PG Cacela, D MacConnell, B TI Reduced growth of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed a live invertebrate diet pre-exposed to metal-contaminated sediments SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE dietary; toxicity; metals; arsenic; rainbow trout ID CLARK-FORK RIVER; DISODIUM ARSENATE HEPTAHYDRATE; CHRONIC TOXICITY; BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; COPPER; EXPOSURE; MONTANA; TISSUE; BIOACCUMULATION AB Juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were fed live diets of Lumbriculus variegatus cultured in metal-contaminated sediments from the Clark Fork River Basin (NIT, USA), an uncontaminated reference sediment, or an uncontaminated culture medium. Fish were tested in individual chambers; individual growth as well as the nutritional quality and caloric value of each trout's consumed diet were determined. Growth was measured following 14, 28, 42, 56, and 67 d of exposure. A subset of fish was sampled at 35 d for whole-body metals. Metals (whole body, digestive tract, and liver) and histology were measured at the end of the test. We observed significant growth inhibition in trout fed the contaminated diets; growth inhibition was associated with reductions in conversion of food energy to biomass rather than with reduced food intake. Growth inhibition was negatively correlated with As in trout tissue residues. Histological changes in contaminated treatments included hepatic necrosis and degenerative alterations in gallbladder. The present study provides evidence that metal-contaminated sediments can pose a hazard to trout health through a dietary exposure pathway. C1 Stratus Consulting Inc, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Spokane, WA 99206 USA. Ontario Minist Environm, Stand Dev Branch, Toronto, ON M4V 1M2, Canada. US Fish & Wildlife Fish Hlth Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. RP Lipton, J (reprint author), Stratus Consulting Inc, 1881 9th St,Suite 201, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. EM jlipton@stratusconsulting.com NR 33 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 23 IS 8 BP 1902 EP 1911 DI 10.1897/02-619 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 838VC UT WOS:000222740400013 PM 15352479 ER PT J AU Borgert, CJ Gross, TS Guiney, PD Osimitz, TG Price, B Wells, C AF Borgert, CJ Gross, TS Guiney, PD Osimitz, TG Price, B Wells, C TI Interactive effects of p,p '-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene and methoxychlor on hormone synthesis in largemouth bass ovarian cultures SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene methoxychlor; Micropterus salmoides; dose additivity; sex steroids ID SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; RISK-ASSESSMENT; P,P'-DDE; CHEMICALS; MIXTURES; CELLS; BETA; DDT; INHIBITION; PESTICIDES AB p,p'-Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and methoxychlor were tested alone and in combination to assess the similarity of their actions on hormone synthesis in gonadal tissue from largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides floridanus), a species whose reproductive fitness has relevance to ecosystem health in Florida (USA). Gonads were harvested from adult female bass (age, two to three years) during the peak reproductive season (January-May), minced, and incubated in culture medium with or without test agents for 48 h. Duplicates of each treatment were performed in each of three experiments using tissue from a different female. Both 17beta-estradiol and testosterone were measured in aliquots of culture medium by validated radioimmunoassay procedures. Dose-response relationships of individual agents were characterized over a 6-log concentration range (I X 10(-2) to I X 10(4) ppb). Both DDE and methoxychlor, tested individually, produced a dose-dependent decrease in testosterone levels. 17beta-Estradiol levels were unaffected. Mixtures of the agents were tested at all concentration combinations of 0.01, 1, 100, and 10,000 ppb in culture medium. Statistical tests indicated that of 16 dose combinations tested, 15 were antagonistic, and only I was additive based on the Loewe additivity model of no interaction. These results imply that methoxychlor and DDE inhibit testosterone production by different mechanisms in bass ovaries. C1 Appl Pharmacol & Toxicol Inc, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Psychol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ctr Aquat Resources Studies, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. SC Johnson & Son Inc, Racine, WI 53403 USA. Price Associates, White Plains, NY 10601 USA. Gradient Corp, Cambridge, MA 02412 USA. RP Borgert, CJ (reprint author), Appl Pharmacol & Toxicol Inc, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. EM cjborgert@apt-pharmatox.com NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 23 IS 8 BP 1947 EP 1956 DI 10.1897/03-424 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 838VC UT WOS:000222740400018 PM 15352484 ER PT J AU Roussel, JM Cunjak, RA Newbury, R Caissie, D Haro, A AF Roussel, JM Cunjak, RA Newbury, R Caissie, D Haro, A TI Movements and habitat use by PIT-tagged Atlantic salmon parr in early winter: the influence of anchor ice SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anchor ice; heat budget; juvenile; mobility; Salmo salar ID CUTTHROAT TROUT; JUVENILE SALMON; SMALL RIVER; SALAR; STREAM; FALL; TEMPERATURE; SELECTION; MICROHABITAT; BEHAVIOR AB 1. Movements and habitat use by Atlantic salmon parr in Catamaran Brook, New Brunswick, were studied using Passive Integrated Transponder technology. The fish were tagged in the summer of 1999, and a portable reading system was used to collect data on individual positions within a riffle-pool sequence in the early winter of 1999. Two major freezing events occurred on November 11-12 (Ice 1) and November 18-19 (Ice 2) that generated significant accumulations of anchor ice in the riffle. 2. Individually tagged parr (fork length 8.4-12.6 cm, n = 15) were tracked from 8 to 24 November 1999. Over this period, emigration (40%) was higher from the pool than from the riffle. Of the nine parr that were consistently located, seven parr moved <5 m up- or downstream, and two parr moved more than 10 m (maximum 23 m). Parr moved significantly more by night than by day, and diel habitat shifts were more pronounced in the pool with some of the fish moving closer to the bank at night. 3. During Ice 2, there was relatively little movement by most of the parr in the riffle beneath anchor ice up to 10 cm in thickness. Water temperature was 0.16 degreesC above the freezing point beneath anchor ice, suggesting the existence of suitable habitats where salmon parr can avoid supercooling conditions and where they can have access to low velocity shelters. To our knowledge, these are the first data on habitat use by Atlantic salmon parr under anchor ice. C1 INRA, Aquat Ecol Lab, UMR 985, F-35042 Rennes, France. Univ New Brunswick, Canadian Rivers Inst, Fredericton, NB, Canada. Newbury Hydraul, Okanagan Ctr, Okanagan, BC, Canada. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Maritime Reg, Sci Branch, Moncton, NB, Canada. US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Ctr, Turners Falls, MA USA. RP Roussel, JM (reprint author), INRA, Aquat Ecol Lab, UMR 985, 65 Rue Saint Brieuc, F-35042 Rennes, France. EM roussel@roazhon.inra.fr OI Haro, Alexander/0000-0002-7188-9172 NR 38 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 20 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 49 IS 8 BP 1026 EP 1035 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2004.01246.x PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 838MT UT WOS:000222718100005 ER PT J AU Miller, LG Warner, KL Baesman, SM Oremland, RS McDonald, IR Radajewski, S Murrell, JC AF Miller, LG Warner, KL Baesman, SM Oremland, RS McDonald, IR Radajewski, S Murrell, JC TI Degradation of methyl bromide and methyl chloride in soil microcosms: Use of stable C isotope fractionation and stable isotope probing to identify reactions and the responsible microorganisms SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Microbial Geochemistry held at the 2002 Fall Meeting of the AGU CY 2002 CL San Francisco, CA SP AGU ID GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; UTILIZING BACTERIA; MICROBIAL ECOLOGY; STRAIN IMB-1; DIVERSITY; CHLOROMETHANE; HALOMETHANE; OXIDATION; IDENTIFICATION; FUMIGATIONS AB Bacteria in soil microcosm experiments oxidized elevated levels of methyl chloride (MeCl) and methyl bromide (MeBr), the former compound more rapidly than the latter. MeBr was also removed by chemical reactions while MeCl was not. Chemical degradation dominated the early removal of MeBr and accounted for more than half of its total loss. Fractionation of stable carbon isotopes during chemical degradation of MeBr resulted in a kinetic isotope effect (KIE) of 59 +/- 7parts per thousand. Soil bacterial oxidation dominated the later removal of MeBr and MeCl and was characterized by different KIEs for each compound. The KIE for MeBr oxidation was 69 +/- 9parts per thousand and the KIE for MeCl oxidation was 49 +/- 3parts per thousand. Stable isotope probing revealed that different populations of soil bacteria assimilated added C-13-labeled MeBr and MeCl. The identity of the active MeBr and MeCl degrading bacteria in soil was determined by analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences amplified from C-13-DNA fractions, which identified a number of sequences from organisms not previously thought to be involved in methyl halide degradation. These included Burkholderia, the major clone type in the C-13-MeBr fraction, and Rhodobacter, Lysobacter and Nocardioides the major clone types in the C-13-MeCl fraction. None of the 16S IRNA gene sequences for methyl halide oxidizing bacteria currently in culture (including Aminobacter strain IMB-1 isolated from fumigated soil) were identified. Functional gene clone types closely related to Aminobacter spp. were identified in libraries containing the sequences for the cmuA gene, which codes for the enzyme known to catalyze the initial step in the oxidation of MeBr and MeCl. The cmuA gene was limited to members of the alpha-Proteobacteria whereas the greater diversity demonstrated by the 16S IRNA gene may indicate that other enzymes catalyze methyl halide oxidation in different groups of bacteria. Copyright (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Warwick, Dept Biol Sci, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. RP Miller, LG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM lgmiller@usgs.gov RI McDonald, Ian/A-4851-2008; Murrell, John/B-1443-2012 OI McDonald, Ian/0000-0002-4847-6492; NR 46 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2004 VL 68 IS 15 BP 3271 EP 3283 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2003.11.028 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 841DQ UT WOS:000222909900012 ER PT J AU Wyatt, MB McSween, HY Tanaka, KL Head, JW AF Wyatt, MB McSween, HY Tanaka, KL Head, JW TI Global geologic context for rock types and surface alteration on Mars SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mars; crust; basalt; andesite; alteration; thermal emission spectroscopy ID THERMAL EMISSION SPECTROMETER; MARTIAN SURFACE; NEAR-SURFACE; NORTHERN LOWLANDS; SPECTRAL EVIDENCE; GROUND ICE; IDENTIFICATION; WATER; TERRESTRIAL; MINERALOGY AB Petrologic interpretations of thermal emission spectra from Mars orbiting spacecraft indicate the widespread occurrence of surfaces having basaltic and either andesitic or partly altered basalt compositions. Global concentration of ice-rich mantle deposits and near-surface ice at middle to high latitudes and their spatial correlation with andesitic or partly altered basalt materials favor the alteration hypothesis. We propose the formation of these units through limited chemical weathering from basalt interactions with icy mantles deposited during periods of high obliquity. Alteration of sediments in the northern lowlands depocenter may have been enhanced by temporary standing bodies of water and ice. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Scottsdale, AZ 85251 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Scottsdale, AZ 85251 USA. NR 30 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD AUG PY 2004 VL 32 IS 8 BP 645 EP 648 DI 10.1130/G20527.1;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 843CH UT WOS:000223052600002 ER PT J AU Loope, WL Fisher, TG Jol, HM Goble, RJ Anderton, JB Blewett, WL AF Loope, WL Fisher, TG Jol, HM Goble, RJ Anderton, JB Blewett, WL TI A Holocene history of dune-mediated landscape change along the southeastern shore of Lake Superior SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Holocene; great lakes; dune building; dune damming; lake level ID GROUND-PENETRATING-RADAR; GREAT-LAKES; NORTHERN MICHIGAN; LEVEL; UPLIFT; BEACH AB Causal links that connect Holocene high stands of Lake Superior with dune building, stream damming and diversion and reservoir impoundment and infilling are inferred from a multidisciplinary investigation of a small watershed along the SE shore of Lake Superior. Radiocarbon ages of wood fragments from in-place stumps and soil O horizons, recovered from the bottom of 300-ha Grand Sable Lake, suggest that the near-shore inland lake was formed during multiple episodes of late Holocene dune damming of ancestral Sable Creek. Forest drownings at similar to3000, 1530, and 300 cal. years BP are highly correlated with local soil burial events that occurred during high stands of Lake Superior. During these and earlier events, Sable Creek was diverted onto eastward-graded late Pleistocene meltwater terraces. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) reveals the early Holocene valley of Sable Creek (now filled) and its constituent sedimentary structures. Near-planar paleosols, identified with GPR, suggest two repeating modes of landscape evolution mediated by levels of Lake Superior. High lake stands drove stream damming, reservoir impoundment, and eolian infilling of impoundments. Falling Lake Superior levels brought decreased sand supply to dune dams and lowered stream base level. These latter factors promoted stream piracy, breaching of dune dams, and aerial exposure and forestation of infilled lakebeds. The bathymetry of Grand Sable Lake suggests that its shoreline configuration and depth varied in response to events of dune damming and subsequent dam breaching. The interrelated late Holocene events apparent in this study area suggest that variations in lake level have imposed complex hydrologic and geomorphic signatures on upper Great Lakes coasts. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Munising, MI 49862 USA. Univ Toledo, Dept Earth Ecol & Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog & Anthropol, Eau Claire, WI 54702 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Geosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. No Michigan Univ, Dept Geog, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. Shippensburg Univ, Dept Geog & Earth Sci, Shippensburg, PA 17257 USA. RP Loope, WL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, N8391 Sand Point Rd,POB 40, Munising, MI 49862 USA. EM walter_loope@usgs.gov RI Fisher, Timothy/C-2609-2011 NR 47 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 61 IS 3-4 BP 303 EP 322 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2004.01.005 PG 20 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 844NN UT WOS:000223165300006 ER PT J AU Ellsworth, WL Lee, WHK AF Ellsworth, WL Lee, WHK TI Jerry P. Eaton SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 USGS, Earthquake Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ellsworth, WL (reprint author), USGS, Earthquake Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 USA SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD AUG PY 2004 VL 49 IS 8 BP 51 EP 51 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 844UU UT WOS:000223187000039 ER PT J AU Plummer, LN Bexfield, LM Anderholm, SK Sanford, WE Busenberg, E AF Plummer, LN Bexfield, LM Anderholm, SK Sanford, WE Busenberg, E TI Hydrochemical tracers in the middle Rio Grande Basin, USA: 1. Conceptualization of groundwater flow SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE arid regions; hydrochemistry; New Mexico; radiocarbon age; stable isotopes ID ATMOSPHERIC RADIOCARBON CALIBRATION; STABLE CARBON; NEW-MEXICO; VEGETATION CHANGE; LATE PLEISTOCENE; OXYGEN ISOTOPES; AGE CALIBRATION; LAKE SUIGETSU; C-14 AGES; CAL BP AB Chemical and isotopic data for groundwater from throughout the Middle Rio Grande Basin, central New Mexico, USA, were used to identify and map groundwater flow from 12 sources of water to the basin, evaluate radiocarbon ages, and refine the conceptual model of the Santa Fe Group aquifer system. Hydrochemical zones, representing groundwater flow over thousands to tens of thousands of years, can be traced over large distances through the primarily siliciclastic aquifer system. The locations of the hydrochemical zones mostly reflect the "modern" predevelopment hydraulic-head distribution, but are inconsistent with a trough in predevelopment water levels in the west-central part of the basin, indicating that this trough is a transient rather than a long-term feature of the aquifer system. Radiocarbon ages adjusted for geochemical reactions, mixing, and evapotranspiration/dilution processes in the aquifer system were nearly identical to the unadjusted radiocarbon ages, and ranged from modern to more than 30 ka. Age gradients from piezometer nests ranged from 0.1 to 2 year cm(-1) and indicate a recharge rate of about 3 cm year(-1) for recharge along the eastern mountain front and infiltration from the Rio Grande near Albuquerque. There has been appreciably less recharge along the eastern mountain front north and south of Albuquerque. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. US Geol Survey, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. RP Plummer, LN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 432 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA USA. EM nplummer@usgs.gov OI Plummer, L. Niel/0000-0002-4020-1013 NR 74 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 12 IS 4 BP 359 EP 388 DI 10.1007/s10040-004-0324-6 PG 30 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 845UR UT WOS:000223271300001 ER PT J AU Sanford, WE Plummer, LN McAda, DP Bexfield, LM Anderholm, SK AF Sanford, WE Plummer, LN McAda, DP Bexfield, LM Anderholm, SK TI Hydrochemical tracers in the middle Rio Grande Basin, USA: 2. Calibration of a groundwater-flow model SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE groundwater age; groundwater flow; hydrochemistry; New Mexico; numerical modeling ID RADIOCARBON; WATER AB The calibration of a groundwater model with the aid of hydrochemical data has demonstrated that low recharge rates in the Middle Rio Grande Basin may be responsible for a groundwater trough in the center of the basin and for a substantial amount of Rio Grande water in the regional flow system. Earlier models of the basin had difficulty reproducing these features without any hydrochemical data to constrain the rates and distribution of recharge. The objective of this study was to use the large quantity of available hydrochemical data to help calibrate the model parameters, including the recharge rates. The model was constructed using the US Geological Survey's software MODFLOW, MODPATH, and UCODE, and calibrated using C-14 activities and the positions of certain flow zones defined by the hydrochemical data. Parameter estimation was performed using a combination of nonlinear regression techniques and a manual search for the minimum difference between field and simulated observations. The calibrated recharge values were substantially smaller than those used in previous models. Results from a 30,000-year transient simulation suggest that recharge was at a maximum about 20,000 years ago and at a minimum about 10,000 years ago. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. US Geol Survey, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. RP Sanford, WE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 431 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA USA. EM wsanford@usgs.gov OI Plummer, L. Niel/0000-0002-4020-1013 NR 41 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 12 IS 4 BP 389 EP 407 DI 10.1007/s10040-004-0326-4 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 845UR UT WOS:000223271300002 ER PT J AU Manabe, S Milly, PCD Wetherald, R AF Manabe, S Milly, PCD Wetherald, R TI Simulated long-term changes in river discharge and soil moisture due to global warming SO HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL-JOURNAL DES SCIENCES HYDROLOGIQUES LA English DT Article DE coupled model; global climate change; global warning; potential evaporation; precipitation; river discharge; soil moisture; water availability ID GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER-RESOURCES; MEAN RESPONSE; CO2; AVAILABILITY; HYDROLOGY AB By use of a coupled ocean-atmosphere-land model, this study explores the changes of water availability, as measured by river discharge and soil moisture, that could occur by the middle of the 21st century in response to combined increases of greenhouse gases and sulphate aerosols based upon the "IS92a" scenario. In addition, it presents the simulated change in water availability that might be realized in a few centuries in response to a quadrupling of CO2, concentration in the atmosphere. Averaging the results over extended periods, the radiatively forced changes, which are very similar between the two sets of experiments, were successfully extracted. The analysis indicates that the discharges from Arctic rivers such as the Mackenzie and Ob' increase by up to 20% (of the pre-Industrial Period level) by the middle of the 21st century and by up to 40% or more in a few centuries. In the tropics, the discharges from the Amazonas and Ganga-Brahmaputra rivers increase substantially. However, the percentage changes in runoff from other tropical and many mid-latitude rivers are smaller, with both positive and negative signs. For soil moisture, the results of this study indicate reductions during much of the year in many semiarid regions of the world, such as the southwestern region of North America, the northeastern region of China, the Mediterranean coast of Europe, and the grasslands of Australia and Africa. As a percentage, the reduction is particularly large during the dry season. From middle to high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, soil moisture decreases in Summer but increases in winter. C1 Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. US Geol Survey, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Manabe, S (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, POB CN710, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM manabe@splash.princeton.edu; emilly@.usgs.gov; dick.wetherald@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 69 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 24 PU IAHS PRESS, INST HYDROLOGY PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O FRANCES WATKINS, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0262-6667 J9 HYDROLOG SCI J JI Hydrol. Sci. J.-J. Sci. Hydrol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 49 IS 4 BP 625 EP 642 DI 10.1623/hysj.49.4.625.54429 PG 18 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 838TU UT WOS:000222737000006 ER PT J AU Keppie, JD Sandberg, CA Miller, BV Sanchez-Zavala, JL Nance, RD Poole, FG AF Keppie, JD Sandberg, CA Miller, BV Sanchez-Zavala, JL Nance, RD Poole, FG TI Implications of latest Pennsylvanian to middle Permian paleontological and U-PbSHRIMP data from the tecomate formation to re-dating tectonothermal events in the Acatlan complex, southern Mexico SO INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Article ID FUSULINIDS; EVOLUTION; VALLEY AB Limestones in the highly, deformed Tecomate Formation, uppermost unit of the Acatlan Complex, are latest Pennsylvanian-earliest Middle Permian in age rather than Devonian, the latter based on less diagnostic fossils. conodont collections from two marble horizons now constrain its age to range from latest Pennsylvanian to latest Early Permian or early Middle Permian. The older collection contains Gondolella sp., Neostreptognathodus sp., and Streptognathodus sp., suggesting an oldest age limit close to the Pennsylvanian-Permian time boundary. The other collection contains Sweet-ognathus subsymmetricus, a short-lived species ranging only from Kungurian (latest Leonardian) to Wordian (earliest Guadelupian: 272 +/- 4 to 264 +/- 2 Ma). A fusilinid Parafusulina c.f. P antimonioensis Dunbar. in a third Tecomate marble horizon is probably Wordian (early Guadelupian. early Middle Permian). Furthermore, granite pebbles in a Tecomate conglomerate have yielded similar to320-264 Ma U-Pb SHRIMP ages probably derived from the similar to288 Ma, are-related Totoltepec pluton. Collectively, these data suggest a correlation With two nearby units: (1) the Missourian-Leonardian carbonate horizons separated by a Wolfcampian(?) conglomerate in the upper part of the less deformed San Salvador Patlanoaya Formation; and (2) the elastic, Westphalian-Leonardian Matzitzi Formation. This requires that deformation in the Tecomate Formation be of Early-Middle Permian age rather than Devonian. These three formations are re-interpreted as periarc deposits with deformation related to oblique subduction. The revised dating of the Tecomate Formation is consistent with new data, which indicates that the unconformity between the Tecomate and the Piaxtla Group is mid-Carboniferous and corresponds to a tectonothermal event. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Fed Ctr, US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Keppie, JD (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM duncan@servidor.unam.mx OI Nance, R. Damian/0000-0001-9431-0963 NR 28 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU V H WINSTON & SON INC PI PALM BEACH PA 360 SOUTH OCEAN BLVD, PH-B, PALM BEACH, FL 33480 USA SN 0020-6814 J9 INT GEOL REV JI Int. Geol. Rev. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 46 IS 8 BP 745 EP 753 DI 10.2747/0020-6814.46.8.745 PG 9 WC Geology SC Geology GA 842WM UT WOS:000223035200005 ER PT J AU Kery, M Gregg, KB AF Kery, M Gregg, KB TI Demographic analysis of dormancy and survival in the terrestrial orchid Cypripedium reginae SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE capture-recapture; climate; Cypripedium reginae; demographic analysis; dormancy; herbivory; lag; population dynamics; survival ID OPHRYS-SPHEGODES MILL; MARK-RECAPTURE MODELS; EARLY SPIDER ORCHID; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; ENDANGERED ORCHID; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; LIFE-HISTORY; BIOLOGY; PLANTS; L. AB 1 We use capture-recapture models to estimate the fraction of dormant ramets, survival and state transition rates, and to identify factors affecting these rates, for the terrestrial orchid Cypripedium reginae. We studied two populations in West Virginia, USA, for 11 years and investigated relationships between grazing and demography. Abe Run's population was small, with moderate herbivory by deer and relatively constant population size. The population at Big Draft was of medium size, with heavy deer grazing, and a sharply declining number of flowering plants up to the spring before our study started, when the population was fenced. 2 We observed dormant episodes lasting from 1 to 4 years. At Abe Run and Big Draft, 32.5% and 7.4% of ramets, respectively, were dormant at least once during the study period for an average of 1.6 and 1.3 years, respectively. We estimated the annual fraction of ramets in the dormant state at 12.3% (95% CI 9.5-15.8%) at Abe Run and at 1.8% (95% CI 1.2-2.6%) at Big Draft. Transition rates between the dormant, vegetative and flowering life-states did not vary between years in either population. Most surviving ramets remained in the same state from one year to the next. Survival rates were constant at Abe Run (0.96, 95% CI 0.93-0.97), but varied between years at Big Draft (0.89-0.99, mean 0.95). 3 At Big Draft, we found neither a temporal trend in survival after cessation of grazing, nor relationships between survival and the number of spring frost days or cumulative precipitation during the current or the previous 12 months. However, analysis of precipitation on a 3-month basis revealed a positive relationship between survival and precipitation during the spring (March-May) of the previous year. 4 Relationship between climate and the population dynamics of orchids may have to be studied with a fine temporal resolution, and considering possible time lags. Capture-recapture modelling provides a comprehensive and flexible framework for demographic analysis of plants with dormancy. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Swiss Ornithol Inst, CH-6204 Sempach, Switzerland. W Virginia Wesleyan Coll, Buckhannon, WV 26201 USA. RP Kery, M (reprint author), CNRS, CEFE, 1919 Route Mende, F-34293 Montpellier 05, France. EM kery@cefe.cnrs-mop.fr NR 51 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 38 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-0477 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 92 IS 4 BP 686 EP 695 DI 10.1111/j.0022-0477.2004.00885.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 840OS UT WOS:000222869400012 ER PT J AU Simpkins, DG Hubert, WA del Rio, CM Rule, DC AF Simpkins, DG Hubert, WA del Rio, CM Rule, DC TI Constraints of body size and swimming velocity on the ability of juvenile rainbow trout to endure periods without food SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE body size; fasting; Oncorhynchus mykiss; rainbow trout; starvation; swimming velocity ID SIMULATED WINTER CONDITIONS; PERCH PERCA-FLAVESCENS; AGE-0 LARGEMOUTH BASS; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; OVERWINTER SURVIVAL; SELECTIVE MORTALITY; WATER TEMPERATURE; MENIDIA-MENIDIA; RELATIVE WEIGHT; SMALLMOUTH BASS AB The hypothesis that body size and swimming velocity affect proximate body composition, wet mass and size-selective mortality of fasted fish was evaluated using small (107 mm mean total length, L-T) and medium (168 mm mean L-T) juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss that were sedentary or swimming (c. 1 or 2 body length s(-1)) and fasted for 147 days. The initial amount of energy reserves in the bodies of fish varied with L-T. Initially having less lipid mass and relatively higher mass-specific metabolic rates caused small rainbow trout that were sedentary to die of starvation sooner and more frequently than medium-length fish that were sedentary. Swimming at 2 body length s(-1) slightly increased the rate of lipid catabolism relative to 1 body length s(-1), but did not increase the occurrence of mortality among medium fish. Death from starvation occurred when fish had <3.2% lipid remaining in their bodies. Juvenile rainbow trout endured long periods without food, but their ability to resist death from starvation was limited by their length and initial lipid reserves. (C) 2004 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. C1 Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Coop Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Anim Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Simpkins, DG (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Colorado Coop Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 201 Wagar Bldg, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM simpkins@cnr.colostate.edu NR 56 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 65 IS 2 BP 530 EP 544 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2004.00471.x PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 847BS UT WOS:000223364400019 ER PT J AU Wright, S Parker, G AF Wright, S Parker, G TI Density stratification effects in sand-bed rivers SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW; SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; VELOCITY PROFILES; TRANSPORT; LOAD; ANEMOMETER; PARTICLES; MODEL AB In this paper the effects of density stratification in sand-bed rivers are studied by the application of a model of vertical velocity and concentration profiles, coupled through the use of a turbulence closure that retains the buoyancy terms. By making the governing equations dimensionless, it is revealed that the slope is the additional dimensionless parameter introduced by inclusion of the buoyancy terms. The primary new finding is that in general density stratification effects tend to be greater in large, low-slope rivers than in their smaller, steeper brethren. Under high flow conditions the total suspended load and size distribution of suspended sediment can be significantly affected by density stratification, and should be accounted for in any general theory of suspended transport. C1 US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. Univ Minnesota, St Anthony Falls Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. RP Wright, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Placer Hall,6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. NR 40 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 10 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD AUG PY 2004 VL 130 IS 8 BP 783 EP 795 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2004)130:8(783) PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 842JK UT WOS:000223000000006 ER PT J AU Wright, S Parker, G AF Wright, S Parker, G TI Flow resistance and suspended load in sand-bed rivers: Simplified stratification model SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; CHANNELS; SUSPENSION; DEPTH AB New methods are presented for the prediction of the flow depth, grain-size specific near-bed concentration, and bed-material suspended sediment transport rate in sand-bed rivers. The salient improvements delineated here all relate to the need to modify existing formulations in order to encompass the full range of sand-bed rivers, and in particular large, low-slope sand-bed rivers. They can be summarized as follows: (1) the inclusion of density stratification effects in a simplified manner, which have been shown in the companion paper to be particularly relevant for large, low-slope, sand-bed rivers; (2) a new predictor for near-bed entrainment rate into suspension which extends a previous relation to the range of large, low-slope sand-bed rivers; and (3) a new predictor for form drag which again extends a previous relation to include large, low-slope sand-bed rivers. Finally, every attempt has been made to cast the relations in the simplest form possible, including the development of software, so that practicing engineers may easily use the methods. C1 US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. Univ Minnesota, St Anthony Falls Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. RP Wright, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Placer Hall,6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. NR 32 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 15 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD AUG PY 2004 VL 130 IS 8 BP 796 EP 805 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2004)130:8(796) PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 842JK UT WOS:000223000000007 ER PT J AU Gorresen, PM Willig, MR AF Gorresen, PM Willig, MR TI Landscape responses of bats to habitat fragmentation in Atlantic forest of Paraguay SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Chiroptera; community; conservation; diversity; evenness; landscape ecology; richness ID TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; SPECIES RICHNESS; FRUGIVOROUS BATS; SEED SHADOWS; DRY FORESTS; COSTA-RICA; ECOLOGY; BRAZIL; DIVERSITY; BIRDS AB Understanding effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on populations or communities is critical to effective conservation and restoration. This is particularly important for bats because they provide vital services to ecosystems via pollination and seed dispersal, especially in tropical and subtropical habitats. Based on more than 1,000 h of survey during a 15-month period, we quantified species abundances and community structure of phyllostomid bats at 14 sites in a 3,000-km(2) region of eastern Paraguay. Abundance was highest for Artibeus lituratus in deforested landscapes and for Chrotopterus auritus in forested habitats. In contrast, Artibeus fimbriatus, Carollia perspicillata, Glossophaga soricina, Platyrrhinus lineatus, Pygoderma bilabiatum, and Sturnira lilium attained highest abundance in moderately fragmented forest landscapes. Forest cover, patch size, and patch density frequently were associated with abundance of species. At the community level, species richness was highest in partly deforested landscapes, whereas evenness was greatest in forested habitat. In general, the highest diversity of bats occurred in landscapes comprising moderately fragmented forest habitat. This underscores the importance of remnant habitat patches to conservation strategies. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Museum, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Gorresen, PM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Kilauea Field Stn, POB 44,Hawaii Volcanoes Natl Pk, Kilauea, HI 96718 USA. EM marcos_gorresen@usgs.gov NR 74 TC 103 Z9 113 U1 9 U2 56 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 85 IS 4 BP 688 EP 697 DI 10.1644/BWG-125 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 848HH UT WOS:000223457700012 ER PT J AU Cook, RC Cook, JG Mech, LD AF Cook, RC Cook, JG Mech, LD TI Nutritional condition of northern Yellowstone elk SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE age structure; body fat; Cervus elaphus; condition; elk; lactation; reproduction; Yellowstone ID MOOSE ALCES-ALCES; BODY CONDITION; NATIONAL-PARK; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; RED DEER; SURVIVAL; CALVES; AGE; PREGNANCY AB We estimated nutritional condition for 96 female northern Yellowstone elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) during mid- to late winter 2000, 2001, and 2002. Neither year nor capture location significantly influenced any measure of condition (body fat, body mass, and longissimus dorsi thickness; P greater than or equal to 0.14). Overall, age = 8.9 years +/- 0.4 SE, body fat = 9.5% +/- 0.4, body mass = 235.1 kg +/- 2.2, and longissimus dorsi muscle thickness = 5.6 cm +/- 0.1. Despite an age segregation pattern across the winter range (P = 0.016), we found no evidence of bias in our estimates of nutritional condition due to this pattern because condition was unrelated to age. Yearly pregnancy and lactation rates of all cows ranged from 78 to 84% and 8 to 16%, respectively, at the time of capture. Lactational status significantly influenced body condition (P = 0.003), with lactating cows having 50% less body fat than nonlactating cows. Probability of pregnancy observed for elk that we captured followed a logistic curve as a function of body fat levels. Based on mid- to late winter body fat levels, we would predict low mortality of adult cows during mild to normal winters. We suggest the possibility of nutritional limitations acting on this herd through summer-autumn forage conditions, in association with limitations during harsh winters. C1 Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Cook, RC (reprint author), Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. EM rcook@eou.edu NR 60 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 20 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 85 IS 4 BP 714 EP 722 DI 10.1644/BRG-131 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 848HH UT WOS:000223457700015 ER PT J AU Mattson, DJ AF Mattson, DJ TI Exploitation of pocket gophers and their food caches by grizzly bears SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE excavation; grizzly bears; pocket gophers; Thomomys talpoides; Ursus arctos; Yellowstone ID FOSSORIAL HERBIVORE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; THOMOMYS-TALPOIDES; COLORADO; ECOLOGY; BLACK; VEGETATION; ALBERTA; HABITAT AB I investigated the exploitation of pocket gophers (Thomomys talpoides) by grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) in the Yellowstone region of the United States with the use of data collected during a study of radiomarked bears in 1977-1992. My analysis focused on the importance of pocket gophers as a source of energy and nutrients, effects of weather and site features, and importance of pocket gophers to grizzly bears in the western contiguous United States prior to historical extirpations. Pocket gophers and their food caches were infrequent in grizzly bear feces, although foraging for pocket gophers accounted for about 20-25% of all grizzly bear feeding activity during April and May. Compared with roots individually excavated by bears, pocket gopher food caches were less digestible but more easily dug out. Exploitation of gopher food caches by grizzly bears was highly sensitive to site and weather conditions and peaked during and shortly after snowmelt. This peak coincided with maximum success by bears in finding pocket gopher food caches. Exploitation was most frequent and extensive on gently sloping nonforested sites with abundant spring beauty (Claytonia lanceolata) and yampah (Perdieridia gairdneri). Pocket gophers are rare in forests, and spring beauty and yampah roots are known to be important foods of both grizzly bears and burrowing rodents. Although grizzly bears commonly exploit pocket gophers only in the Yellowstone region, this behavior was probably widespread in mountainous areas of the western contiguous United States prior to extirpations of grizzly bears within the last 150 years. C1 No Arizona Univ, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, USGS SW Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Mattson, DJ (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, USGS SW Biol Sci Ctr, POB 5614, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM David.Mattson@nau.edu NR 60 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 10 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 85 IS 4 BP 731 EP 742 DI 10.1644/BJK-125 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 848HH UT WOS:000223457700017 ER PT J AU Reddy, MM Reddy, MB Reddy, CF AF Reddy, MM Reddy, MB Reddy, CF TI Scientific advances provide opportunities to improve pediatric environmental health SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID HUMAN-MILK; CONTAMINANTS; CHILDREN C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Denver Fed Ctr, Water Resources Discipline, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ctr Environm Toxicol & Technol, Quantitat & Computat Toxicol Grp, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Rocky Mt Hlth Ctr Pediat PC, Aurora, CO USA. RP Reddy, MM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Denver Fed Ctr, Water Resources Discipline, POB 25046,MS 418, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM mmreddy@usgs.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 145 IS 2 BP 153 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2004.03.044 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 847PA UT WOS:000223406200006 PM 15289759 ER PT J AU Moridis, GJ Collett, TS Dallimore, SR Satoh, T Hancock, S Weatherill, B AF Moridis, GJ Collett, TS Dallimore, SR Satoh, T Hancock, S Weatherill, B TI Numerical studies of gas production from several CH4 hydrate zones at the Mallik site, Mackenzie Delta, Canada SO JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE gas hydrates; hydrate dissociation; depressurization; thermal stimulation; numerical modeling AB The Mallik site represents an onshore permafrost-associated gas hydrate accumulation. in the Mackenzie Delta, Northwest Territories, Canada. A gas hydrate research well was drilled at the site in 1998. The objective of this study is the analysis of various gas production scenarios from five methane hydrale-bearing zones at the Mallik site. In Zone 91, numerical simulations using the EOSHYDR2 model indicated that gas production from hydrates at the Mallik site was possible by depressurizing a thin free gas zone at the base of the hydrate stability field. Horizontal wells appeared to have a slight advantage over vertical wells, while multiwell systems involving a combination of depressurization and thermal stimulation offered superior performance, especially when a hot noncondensible gas was injected. Zone 92, which involved a gas hydrate layer with an underlying aquifer, could yield significant amounts of gas originating entirely from gas hydrates, the volumes of which increased with the production rate. However, large amounts of water were also produced. Zones 3, 4 and 5 were lithologically isolated gas hydrate-bearing deposits with no underlying zones of mobile gas or water. In these zones, thermal stimulation by circulating hot water in the well was used to induce dissociation. Sensitivity studies indicated that the methane release from the hydrate accumulations increased with the gas hydrate saturation, the initial formation temperature, the temperature of the circulating water in the well, and the formation thermal conductivity. Methane production appears to be less sensitive to the specific heat of the rock and of the hydrate, and to the permeability of the formation. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Geol Survey Canada, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. Japan Natl Oil Corp, Chiba 2610025, Japan. Adams Pearson Associates Inc, Calgary, AB T2P 3T6, Canada. RP Moridis, GJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM gjmor.dis@lbl.gov NR 20 TC 76 Z9 89 U1 5 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-4105 J9 J PETROL SCI ENG JI J. Pet. Sci. Eng. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 43 IS 3-4 BP 219 EP 238 DI 10.1016/j.petrol.2004.02.015 PG 20 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 848YZ UT WOS:000223505500006 ER PT J AU Downes, H MacDonald, R Upton, BGJ Cox, KG Bodinier, JL Mason, PRD James, D Hill, PG Hearn, BC AF Downes, H MacDonald, R Upton, BGJ Cox, KG Bodinier, JL Mason, PRD James, D Hill, PG Hearn, BC TI Ultramafic xenoliths from the Bearpaw Mountains, Montana, USA: Evidence for multiple metasomatic events in the lithospheric mantle beneath the Wyoming craton SO JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY LA English DT Article DE ultramafic xenoliths; Montana; Wyoming craton; metasomatism; cumulates; minette ID SPINEL PERIDOTITE XENOLITHS; TRACE-ELEMENT; SUBCONTINENTAL MANTLE; HIGHWOOD-MOUNTAINS; GARNET PERIDOTITE; ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE; OXIDATION-STATE; ORTHO-PYROXENE; CENTRAL-EUROPE; IGNEOUS ROCKS AB Ultramafic xenoliths in Eocene minettes of the Bearpaw Mountains volcanic field (Montana, USA), derived from the lower lithosphere of the Wyoming craton, can be divided based on textural criteria into tectonite and cumulate groups. The tectonites consist of strongly depleted spinet lherzolites, harzburgites and dunites. Although their mineralogical compositions are generally similar to those of spinel peridotites in off-craton settings, some contain pyroxenes and spinels that have unusually low Al2O3 contents more akin to those found in cratonic spinel peridotites. Furthermore, the tectonite peridotites have whole-rock major element compositions that tend to be significantly more depleted than non-cratonic mantle spinel peridotites (high MgO, low CaO, Al2O3 and TiO2) and resemble those of cratonic mantle. These compositions could have been generated by up to 30% partial melting of an undepleted mantle source. Petrographic evidence suggests that the mantle beneath the Wyoming craton was re-enriched in three ways: (1) by silicate melts that formed mica websterite and clinopyroxenite veins; (2) by growth of phlogopite from K-rich hydrous fluids; (3) by interaction with aqueous fluids to form orthopyroxene porphyroblasts and orthopyroxenite veins. In contrast to their depleted major element compositions, the tectonite peridotites are mostly light rare earth element (LREE)-enriched and show enrichment in fluid-mobile elements such as Cs, Rb, U and Pb on mantle-normalized diagrams. Lack of enrichment in high field strength elements (HFSE; e.g. Nb, Ta, Zr and Hf) suggests that the tectonite peridotites have been metasomatized by a subduction-related fluid. Clinopyroxenes from the tectonite peridotites have distinct U-shaped REE patterns with strong LREE enrichment. They have Nd-143/Nd-144 values that range from 0.5121 (close to the host minette values) to 0.5107, similar to those of xenoliths from the nearby Highwood Mountains. Foliated mica websterites also have low Nd-143/Nd-144 values (0.5113) and extremely high Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios in their constituent phlogopite, indicating an ancient (probably mid-Proterozoic) enrichment. This enriched mantle lithosphere later contributed to the formation of the high-K Eocene host magmas. The cumulate group ranges from clinopyroxene-rich mica peridotites (including abundant mica wehrlites) to mica clinopyroxenites. Most contain > 30% phlogopite. Their mineral compositions are similar to those of phenocrysts in the host minettes. Their whole-rock compositions are generally poorer in MgO but richer in incompatible trace elements than those of the tectonite peridotites. Whole-rock trace element patterns are enriched in large ion lithophile elements (LILE; Rb, Cs, U and Pb) and depleted in HFSE (Nb, Ta Zr and Hf) as in the host minettes, and their Sr-Nd isotopic compositions are also identical to those of the minettes. Their clinopyroxenes are LREE-enriched and formed in equilibrium with a LREE-enriched melt closely resembling the minettes. The cumulates therefore represent a much younger magmatic event, related to crystallization at mantle depths of minette magmas in Eocene times, that caused further metasomatic enrichment of the lithosphere. C1 Univ London Birkbeck Coll, Sch Earth Sci, London WC1E 7HX, England. Univ Lancaster, Dept Environm Sci, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. Univ Edinburgh, Dept Geol & Geophys, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3PR, England. ISTEEM, Lab Tectonophys, CNRS, UMR 5568, F-34095 Montpellier 02, France. Univ Montpellier 2, F-34095 Montpellier 02, France. Univ Utrecht, Fac Geol, Utrecht, Netherlands. Natl Ctr, US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Univ London Birkbeck Coll, Sch Earth Sci, Malet St, London WC1E 7HX, England. EM h.downes@ucl.ac.uk OI Mason, Paul/0000-0001-7569-5917 NR 69 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-3530 EI 1460-2415 J9 J PETROL JI J. Petrol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 45 IS 8 BP 1631 EP 1662 DI 10.1093/petrology/egh027 PG 32 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 844PM UT WOS:000223172100006 ER PT J AU Robinson, JL Journey, CA AF Robinson, JL Journey, CA TI Geochemical characterization of shallow ground water in the Eutaw aquifer, Montgomery, Alabama SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE ground water hydrology; statistical analysis; water quality; water resources planning; geochemistry ID ELECTRON; SYSTEM AB Ground water samples were collected from 30 wells located in, or directly down gradient from, recharge areas of the Eutaw aquifer in Montgomery, Alabama. The major ion content of the water evolves from calcium-sodium-chloride-dominated type in the recharge area to calcium-bicarbonate-dominated type in the confined portion of the aquifer. Ground water in the recharge area was undersaturated with respect to aluminosilicate and carbonate minerals. Ground water in the confined portion of the aquifer was at equilibrium levels for calcite and potassium feldspar. Dissolved oxygen and nitrite-plus-nitrate concentrations decreased as ground water age increased; pH, iron, and sulfate concentrations increased as ground water age increased. Aluminum, copper, and zinc concentrations decreased as ground water age and pH increased. These relations indicate that nitrate, aluminum, copper, and zinc are removed from solution as water moves from recharge areas to the confined areas of the Eutaw aquifer. The natural evolution of ground water quality, which typically increases the pH and decreases the dissolved oxygen content, may be an important limiting factor to the migration of nitrogen based compounds and metals. C1 US Geol Survey, Montgomery, AL 36116 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. RP Robinson, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2350 Fairlane Dr,Suite 120, Montgomery, AL 36116 USA. EM jrobinso@usgs.gov OI Journey, Celeste/0000-0002-2284-5851 NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 40 IS 4 BP 851 EP 861 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01050.x PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 850JQ UT WOS:000223607600001 ER PT J AU Gray, ST Jackson, ST Betancourt, JL AF Gray, ST Jackson, ST Betancourt, JL TI Tree-ring based reconstructions of interannual to decadal scale precipitation variability for northeastern Utah since 1226 AD SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE drought; tree rings; water resources planning; time-series analysis; paleohydrology; Uinta Basin Watershed; Utah ID UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; NORTH-AMERICA; DROUGHT; GROWTH; RIVER; STREAMFLOW; FREQUENCY; PATTERNS; SHIFTS AB Samples from 107 pinon pines (Pinus edulis) at four sites were used to develop a proxy record of annual (June to June) precipitation spanning the 1226 to 2001 AD interval for the Uinta Basin Watershed of northeastern Utah. The reconstruction reveals significant precipitation variability at interannual to decadal scales. Single-year dry events before the instrumental period tended to be more severe than those after 1900. In general, decadal scale dry events were longer and more severe prior to 1900. In particular, dry events in the late 13th, 16th, and 18th Centuries surpass the magnitude and duration of droughts seen in the Uinta Basin after 1900. The last four decades of the 20th Century also represent one of the wettest periods in the reconstruction. The proxy record indicates that the instrumental record (approximately 1900 to the Present) underestimates the potential frequency and severity of severe, sustained droughts in this area, while over representing the prominence of wet episodes. In the longer record, the empirical probability of any decadal scale drought exceeding the duration of the 1954 through 1964 drought is 94 percent, while the probability for any wet event exceeding the duration of the 1965 through 1999 wet spell is only 1 percent. Hence, estimates of future water availability in the Uinta Basin and forecasts for exports to the Colorado River, based on the 1961 to 1990 and 1971 to 2000 "normal" periods, may be overly optimistic. C1 Montana State Univ, Big Sky Inst, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. US Geol Survey & Univ Arizona, Desert Lab, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. RP Gray, ST (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Big Sky Inst, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM sgray@montana.edu NR 48 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 40 IS 4 BP 947 EP 960 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01058.x PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 850JQ UT WOS:000223607600009 ER PT J AU Rauschenberger, RH Wiebe, JJ Buckland, JE Smith, JT Sepulveda, MS Gross, TS AF Rauschenberger, RH Wiebe, JJ Buckland, JE Smith, JT Sepulveda, MS Gross, TS TI Achieving environmentally relevant organochlorine pesticide concentrations in eggs through maternal exposure in Alligator mississippiensis SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Pollutant Responses in Marine Organisms (PRIMO 12) CY MAY 09, 2002-MAY 13, 2003 CL Safety Harbor, FL SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Int Soc Study Xenobiot, Univ Florida, Coll Pharmacy, Biosense Labs, Mol Light Technol Res, Hamilton Thorne Biosci, Elsevier Publishers, United States Geol Survey, BRD FL Integrated Sci Ctr DE organochlorine pesticides; alligator; reptile; bioaccumulation; maternal transfer; body burden; embryo; egg ID FLORIDA AB Alligator mississippiensis eggs from organochlorine pesticide (OCP) contaminated sites in Florida exhibit high rates of embryonic mortality compared to reference sites (P < 0.05). The objective of the present study was to use captive adult alligators to test the hypotheses that maternal exposure to OCPs results in increased OCP concentrations in eggs, and that increased exposure is associated with increased embryonic mortality. A total of 24 adult alligators (8 males and 16 females) were housed in eight pens. Eight females in four pens were dosed with a mixture of p,p'-DDE, toxaphene, dieldrin, and chlordane at a rate of 0.2 +/- 0.01 mg/kg/day for 274 +/- 8 days. Treated females produced eggs containing higher OCP concentrations (12,814 +/- 813 ng/g yolk) than controls (38 +/- 4 ng/g yolk). Eggs of treated females exhibited decreased viability (13 +/- 22%) as compared to controls (45 +/- 20%). Results indicated that 0.6% of administered OCPs were maternally transferred to the eggs of American alligators, and that maternal exposure is associated with decreased egg/embryo viability in this species. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. USGS BRD Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Ctr Aquat Resources Studies, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Rauschenberger, RH (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM heath_rauschenberger@usgs.gov RI Sepulveda, Maria/P-3598-2014 FU PHS HHS [P42-07375] NR 11 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD AUG-DEC PY 2004 VL 58 IS 2-5 BP 851 EP 856 DI 10.1016/j.marenvres.2004.03.104 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 831MS UT WOS:000222199100108 PM 15178124 ER PT J AU Grossman, JN Alexander, CMO AF Grossman, JN Alexander, CMO TI Entry of alkalis into type-1 chondrules at both high and low temperatures SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 67th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 02-06, 2004 CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL SP Meteorit Soc ID SEMARKONA C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. EM jgross-man@usgs.gov NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 39 IS 8 SU S BP A45 EP A45 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 842GB UT WOS:000222990600074 ER PT J AU Russell, SS Folco, L Grady, MM Zolensky, ME Jones, R Righter, K Zipfel, J Grossman, JN AF Russell, SS Folco, L Grady, MM Zolensky, ME Jones, R Righter, K Zipfel, J Grossman, JN TI The Meteoritical Bulletin, No. 88, 2004 July SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ORDINARY CHONDRITES; IRON-METEORITES; CLASSIFICATION AB The Meteoritical Bulletin No. 88 lists information for 1610 newly classified meteorites, comprising 753 from Antarctica, 302 from Africa, 505 from Asia (495 of which are from Oman), 40 from North America, 5 from South America, 4 from Europe, and 1 of unknown origin. Information is provided for 9 falls (Alby sir Cheran, Al Zarnkh, Devgaon, Kamioka, Kendrapara, Maromandia, New Orleans, Sivas, and Villalbeto de la Pena). Noteworthy specimens include a eucrite fall (Alby sir Cheran), 6 martian meteorites, 13 lunar meteorites, and 12 irons including one weighing 3 metric tons (Dronino). C1 Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, London SW7 5BD, England. Museo Nazl Antartide, I-53100 Siena, Italy. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Univ New Mexico, Inst Meteorit, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Russell, SS (reprint author), Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, Cromwell Rd, London SW7 5BD, England. EM sara.russell@nhm.ac.uk NR 12 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 5 U2 12 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 39 IS 8 SU S BP A215 EP A272 PG 58 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 842GB UT WOS:000222990600234 ER PT J AU Bradley, DC Leach, DL Symons, D Emsbo, P Premo, W Breit, G Sangster, DF AF Bradley, DC Leach, DL Symons, D Emsbo, P Premo, W Breit, G Sangster, DF TI Reply to discussion on "Tectonic controls of Mississippi valley-type lead-zinc mineralization in orogenic forelands" by S.E. Kesler, J.T. Christensen, R.D. Hagni, W. Heijlen, J.R. Kyle, K.C. Misra, P. Muchez, and R. van der Voo, Mineralium Deposita SO MINERALIUM DEPOSITA LA English DT Editorial Material DE lead-zinc deposits; Mississippi valley; paleomagnetism; Rb-Sr geochronology; tectonics; foreland ID AGE-DATING RESEARCH; ZN-PB DEPOSITS; GEOLOGICAL TIME; FLUID INCLUSION; ORE-DEPOSITS; TENNESSEE; DISTRICT; SPHALERITES; ISOTOPE; MARGIN C1 US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3PA, Canada. RP Bradley, DC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4200 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM dbradley@usgs.gov NR 36 TC 11 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0026-4598 J9 MINER DEPOSITA JI Miner. Depos. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 515 EP 519 DI 10.1007/s00126-004-0420-5 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 854NM UT WOS:000223910600008 ER PT J AU Sloss, BL Billington, N Burr, BM AF Sloss, BL Billington, N Burr, BM TI A molecular phylogeny of the Percidae (Teleostei, Perciformes) based on mitochondrial DNA sequence SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Percidae; systematics; phylogenetics; mitochondrial DNA; 12S rRNA; cytochrome b ID 12S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; CYTOCHROME-B; DARTERS ETHEOSTOMATINI; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; GENE-SEQUENCES; EVOLUTION; INFERENCE; FISHES; TREES; SYSTEMATICS AB The family Percidae is among the most speciose families of northern hemisphere fishes with > 178 North American species and 14 Eurasian species. Previous phylogenetic studies have been hampered by a lack of informative characters, inadequate taxonomic sampling, and conflicting data. We estimated phylogenetic relationships among 54 percid species (9 of 10 genera and all but one subgenus of darters) and four outgroup taxa using mitochondrial DNA data from the 12S rRNA and cytochrome b genes. Four primary evolutionary lineages were consistently recovered: Etheostomatinae (Ammocrypta, Crystallaria, Etheostoma, and Percina), Perca, Luciopercinae (Romanichthys, Sander, and Zingel), and Gymnocephalus. Except Etheostoma and Zingel, all polytypic genera were monophyletic. The Etheostoma subgenus Nothonotus failed to resolve with other members of the genus resulting in a paraphyletic Etheostoma. The subfamily Percinae (Gymnocephalus and Perca) was not recovered in phylogenetic analyses with Gymnocephalus sister to Luciopercinae. Etheostomatinae and Romanichthyini were never resolved as sister groups supporting convergent evolution as the cause of small, benthic, stream-inhabiting percids in North American and Eurasian waters. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Fisheries Res Unit, Biol Resources Div,Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. Troy State Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Troy, AL 36082 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Sloss, BL (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Fisheries Res Unit, Biol Resources Div,Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. EM brian.sloss@uwsp.edu NR 73 TC 40 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 32 IS 2 BP 545 EP 562 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2004.01.011 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 838RY UT WOS:000222732000010 PM 15223037 ER PT J AU Kolar, C AF Kolar, C TI Risk assessment and screening for potentially invasive fishes SO NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop of the Australian-Society-for-Fish-Biology on Invasive Species - Fish and Fisheries CY JUN 29-30, 2003 CL Wellington, NEW ZEALAND SP Australian Soc Fish Biol DE GARP; genetic algorithms; habitat niche modelling; invasive species; risk assessment; species characteristics; species screening ID NORTH-AMERICA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DISTRIBUTIONS; BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; PREDICTION; SCENARIOS; INVADERS; ECOLOGY; MODELS AB Preventing the introduction of potentially invasive species is becoming more important as this worldwide problem continues to grow. The ability to predict the identity or range of potential invaders could influence regulatory decisions and help to optimally allocate resources to deal with ongoing invasions. One screening tool presented here, using species life history and environmental tolerances to identify potential invaders similar to past invaders, can be used to predict potential invading species. Another screening tool, genetic algorithms, can be used to predict the potential range of an invading species. Use and further development of tools such as these, that are quantitative and relatively transparent, would give managers and other decision makers more information for making better-informed decisions. C1 US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Kolar, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM ckolar@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU SIR PUBLISHING PI WELLINGTON PA PO BOX 399, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND SN 0028-8330 J9 NEW ZEAL J MAR FRESH JI N. Z. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 38 IS 3 BP 391 EP 397 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 864SB UT WOS:000224652100002 ER PT J AU Liao, HS Pierce, CL Larscheid, JG AF Liao, HS Pierce, CL Larscheid, JG TI Consumption dynamics of the adult piscivorous fish community in Spirit Lake, Iowa SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID BIOENERGETICS MODELS; DIET DYNAMICS; STRIPED BASS; POPULATION; PREDATION; WALLEYE; RESERVOIR; WISCONSIN; DEMAND; PREY AB At Spirit Lake, one of Iowa's most important fisheries, walleye Sander vitreus (formerly Stizostedion vitreum) is one of the most popular species with anglers. Despite a century of walleye stocking and management in Spirit Lake, walleye growth rate, size structure, and angler harvest continue to decline. Our purpose was to determine the magnitude and dynamics of walleye population consumption relative to those of other piscivorous species in Spirit Lake, which would allow managers to judge the feasibility of increasing the abundance, growth rate, and size structure of the walleye population. We quantified food consumption by the adult piscivorous fish community in Spirit Lake over a 3-year period. Data on population dynamics, diet, energy density, and water temperature from 1995 to 1997 were used in bioenergetics models to estimate total consumption by walleye, yellow perch Perca flavescens, smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu, largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides, black crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus, and northern pike Esox lucius. Estimated annual consumption by the piscivorous community varied roughly fourfold, ranging from 154,752 kg in 1995 to 662,776 kg in 1997. Walleyes dominated total consumption, accounting for 68, 73, and 90% (1995-1997, respectively) of total food consumption. Walleyes were'also the dominant consumers of fish, accounting for 76, 86, and 97% of piscivorous consumption; yellow perch followed, accounting for 16% of piscivorous consumption in 1995 and 12% in 1996. Yellow perch were the predominant fish prey species in all 3 years, accounting for 68, 52, and 36% of the total prey consumed. Natural reproduction is weak, so high walleye densities are maintained by intensive stocking. Walleye stocking drives piscivorous consumption in Spirit Lake, and yearly variation in the cannibalism of stocked walleye fry may be an important determinant of walleye year-class strength and angler success. Reducing walleye stocking intensity, varying stocking intensity from year to year, and attempting to match stocking intensity with the abundance of prey species other than walleye may improve the walleye fishery in Spirit Lake. C1 Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa Dept Nat Resources, Spirit Lake, IA 51360 USA. RP Pierce, CL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 124 Sci 2, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM cpierce@iastate.edu NR 49 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 24 IS 3 BP 890 EP 902 DI 10.1577/M02-178.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 849IF UT WOS:000223531200013 ER PT J AU Gerow, KG Hubert, WA Anderson-Sprecher, RC AF Gerow, KG Hubert, WA Anderson-Sprecher, RC TI An alternative approach to detection of length-related biases in standard weight equations SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID TROUT SALMO-TRUTTA; CATEGORIZATION STANDARDS; WS EQUATION AB We propose a new method for assessing length-related biases in standard weight (W-s) equations computed by the regression-line-percentile method. We evaluated the performance of the new method relative to two previous methods for assessing length-related biases using 15 data sets from which W-s equations have been computed. The new method detected potentially serious length-related biases in 10 W-s equations, whereas one of the previously used methods failed to detect any biologically significant biases and the other method detected biases in only one equation. The new method can detect curvilinear relationships between W-s and length, so it provides insight that is not available from previous methods. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Stat, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Gerow, KG (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Stat, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM gerow@uwyo.edu NR 16 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 24 IS 3 BP 903 EP 910 DI 10.1577/M03-035.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 849IF UT WOS:000223531200014 ER PT J AU Duncan, MS Isely, JJ Cooke, DW AF Duncan, MS Isely, JJ Cooke, DW TI Evaluation of shortnose sturgeon spawning in the Pinopolis Dam tailrace, South Carolina SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID RIVER WHITE STURGEON; ACIPENSER-BREVIROSTRUM; ONTOGENIC BEHAVIOR; CONNECTICUT RIVER; LAKE STURGEON; HABITAT; CANADA; MASSACHUSETTS; MIGRATION AB Fifty egg mats and up to five D-shaped plankton nets were deployed in the tailrace of Pinopolis Dam at river kilometer 77 on the Cooper River, South Carolina, to evaluate the spawning activity of shortnose sturgeon Acipenser brevirostrum. Spawning times were estimated by back-calculation based on developmental phase. Eggs were collected on 17 of 21 d sampled continuously from March 4 through March 25, 2002, when water temperatures were 10-16degreesC. A total of 31 shortnose sturgeon eggs were collected from egg mats. An additional 338 shortnose sturgeon eggs and I newly hatched yolk sac larva were collected from plankton nets. A minimum of 20 spawning events occurred in the tailrace during the 2002 spawning season. No relationship between mean daily discharge and spawning date was observed. Shortnose sturgeon spawned more often during the night than at any other time of day independent of generation. C1 Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Aquaculture Fisheries & Wildlife, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Dennis Wildlife Ctr, S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Bonneau, SC 29431 USA. RP Isely, JJ (reprint author), Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM jisely@clemson.edu NR 29 TC 17 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 24 IS 3 BP 932 EP 938 DI 10.1577/M03-131.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 849IF UT WOS:000223531200017 ER PT J AU Quist, MC Stephen, JL Guy, CS Schultz, RD AF Quist, MC Stephen, JL Guy, CS Schultz, RD TI Age structure and mortality of walleyes in Kansas reservoirs: Use of mortality caps to establish realistic management objectives SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM; DYNAMICS; POPULATION; GROWTH; LAKE AB Age structure, total annual mortality, and mortality caps (maximum mortality thresholds established by managers) were investigated for walleye Sander vitreus (formerly Stizostedion vitreum) populations sampled from eight Kansas reservoirs during 1991-1999. We assessed age structure by examining the relative frequency of different ages in the population; total annual mortality of age-2 and older walleyes was estimated by use of a weighted catch curve. To evaluate the utility of mortality caps, we modeled threshold values of mortality by varying growth rates and management objectives. Estimated mortality thresholds were then compared with observed growth and mortality rates. The maximum age of walleyes varied from 5 to 11 years across reservoirs. Age structure was dominated (greater than or equal to72%) by walleyes age 3 and younger in all reservoirs, corresponding to ages that were not yet vulnerable to harvest. Total annual mortality rates varied from 40.7% to 59.5% across reservoirs and averaged 51.1% overall (SE = 2.3). Analysis of mortality caps indicated that a management objective of 500 mm for the mean length of walleyes harvested by anglers was realistic for all reservoirs with a 457-mm minimum length limit but not for those with a 381-mm minimum length limit. For a 500-mm mean length objective to be realized for reservoirs with a 381-mm length limit, managers must either reduce mortality rates (e.g., through restrictive harvest regulations) or increase growth of walleyes. When the assumed objective was to maintain the mean length of harvested walleyes at current levels, the observed annual mortality rates were below the mortality cap for all reservoirs except one. Mortality caps also provided insight on management objectives expressed in terms of proportional stock density (PSD). Results indicated that a PSD objective of 20-40 was realistic for most reservoirs. This study provides important walleye mortality information that can be used for monitoring or for inclusion into population models; these results can also be combined with those of other studies to investigate large-scale differences in walleye mortality. Our analysis illustrates the utility of mortality caps for monitoring walleye populations and for establishing realistic management goals. C1 Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Kansas Cooperat Fis & Wildlife Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas Dept Wildlife & Pk, Emporia, KS 66801 USA. RP Quist, MC (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM mcquist@uwyo.edu NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 24 IS 3 BP 990 EP 1002 DI 10.1577/M03-193.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 849IF UT WOS:000223531200022 ER PT J AU Holuszko, JD Bowen, CA AF Holuszko, JD Bowen, CA TI Status of lake trout rehabilitation on Six Fathom Bank and Yankee reef in Lake Huron SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SEA LAMPREY CONTROL; ST-MARYS RIVER; GREAT-LAKES; PETROMYZON-MARINUS; ONTARIO; RESTORATION; MATURITY; MICHIGAN; SOUTHERN; STRAINS AB Six Fathom Bank, an offshore reef in the central region of Lake Huron's main basin, was stocked annually with hatchery-reared lake trout Salvelinus namaycush during 1985-1998, and nearby Yankee Reef was stocked with hatchery-reared lake trout in 1992, 1997, and annually during 1999-2001. We conducted gill-net surveys during spring and fall to evaluate performances of each of the various strains of lake trout, as well as the performance of the entire take trout population (all strains pooled), on these two offshore reefs during 1992-2000. Criteria to evaluate performance included the proportion of "wild" fish within the population, spawner density, adult survival, growth, maturity, and wounding rate by sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus. Although naturally reproduced age-0 lake trout fry were caught on Six Fathom Bank and Yankee Reef, wild lake trout did not recruit to the adult population to any detectable degree. The density of spawning lake trout on Six Fathom Bank (>100 fish/305 m of gill net) during 1995-1998 appeared to be sufficiently high to initiate a self-sustaining population. However, annual mortality estimates for all lake trout strains pooled from catch curve analyses ranged from 0.48 to 0.62, well exceeding the target level of 0.40 suggested for lake trout rehabilitation. Annual mortality rate for the Seneca Lake strain (0.34) was significantly lower than that for the Superior-Marquette (0.69) and Lewis Lake (0.69) strains. This disparity in survival among strains was probably attributable to the lower sea-lamprey-induced mortality experienced by the Seneca Lake strain. The relatively high mortality experienced by adult lake trout partly contributed to the lack of successful natural recruitment to the adult population on these offshore reefs, but other factors were probably also involved. We recommend that both stocking of the Seneca Lake strain and enhanced efforts to reduce sea lamprey abundance in Lake Huron be continued. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alpena Fishery Resources Off, Alpena, MI 49707 USA. RP Holuszko, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM chuck_madenjian@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 24 IS 3 BP 1003 EP 1016 DI 10.1577/M03-140.1 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 849IF UT WOS:000223531200023 ER PT J AU Roberts, JH Angermeier, PL AF Roberts, JH Angermeier, PL TI A comparison of injectable fluorescent marks in two genera of darters: Effects on survival and retention rates SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID FRESH-WATER FISHES; STREAM FISH; MOVEMENT; ELASTOMER AB Visible implant elastomer (VIE) and injectable photonic dye (IPD), two types of injectable fluorescent marks, have shown promise in previous applications in a variety of fishes but have not been extensively tested on darters. We marked a species from each of two genera of darters, Percina and Etheostoma, in a laboratory experiment to determine the influence of VIE and IPD marks on survival and the influences of mark type, location, and color on mark retention. Short-term (less than or equal to 80-d) survival was similar between marked and control specimens for both marks in both species. Over the long term (200-240 d), however, the survival rate for IPD-marked Roanoke darters P. roanoka was significantly lower than that for controls (50% versus 80%), whereas VIE-marked Roanoke darters had a survival rate (88%) similar to that of controls. Long-term survival of riverweed darters E. podostemone did not differ among groups. In Roanoke darters, the mark retention rate for IPD was significantly lower than that for VIE by day 80 of the experiment (80% versus 94%), and ventral IPD marks were retained with greater frequency than were dorsal IPD marks. In riverweed darters, retention was similar for VIE and IPD (79% versus 83%) in all body locations through day 240. In both species, yellow IPD marks exhibited higher retention rates than did green IPD marks, whereas the reverse was true for yellow and green VIE marks. Overall, VIE was a superior mark in the Percina representative but performed similarly to IPD in Etheostoma. Because of interspecific and intraspecific variability in mark performance, we recommend a pilot study before initiating field use of injectable marks in untested species. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Roberts, JH (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM jarober1@vt.edu NR 26 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 24 IS 3 BP 1017 EP 1024 DI 10.1577/M03-077.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 849IF UT WOS:000223531200024 ER PT J AU Kaeding, LR Boltz, GD AF Kaeding, LR Boltz, GD TI Use of remote-site incubators to produce arctic grayling fry of wild parentage SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material AB Remote-site incubators (RSIs) adjacent to five streams were evaluated as part of a program to reestablish spawning stocks of Arctic grayling Thymallus arcticus in Upper Red Rock Lake in southwest Montana. From 2000 to 2002, wild adult Arctic grayling were caught from the only study stream that currently supports natural spawning. Adults were artificially spawned, and the fertilized eggs were immediately placed into 12 RSIs in 2000, 8 in 2001, and 10 in 2002. Apart from daily removal of dead eggs and dead fry, no prophylaxis was administered. Median numbers of accumulated degree-days (and calendar days) to first observation of eye-up, hatch, and swim-up were 106.1 (10.5), 139.2 (14.0), and 169.2 (17.5), respectively. Mean (+/-95% confidence interval) percent emergence was greater in 2000 (73.4 +/- 15.1%) than in 2001 and 2002 (pooled mean, 26.5 +/- 11.9%). Mean percent emergence at a warm (similar to13degreesC) site (East Elk Springs Creek; 69.8 +/- 22.0%) was higher than the pooled mean for the other four sites (35.3 +/- 15.0%). In 2002, Arctic grayling were observed spawning in the main-stem Elk Springs Creek downstream from two RSI sites on tributaries; the species was last reported in this creek in the late 1960s. We believe that the fish observed spawning in 2002 emerged from the RSIs during 2000. Remote-site incubators are useful, cost-effective tools that could help reestablish Arctic grayling spawning stocks. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Montana Fish & Wildlife Management Assistance Off, Branch Nat Fishes Management, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Kaeding, LR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Montana Fish & Wildlife Management Assistance Off, Branch Nat Fishes Management, 4052 Bridger Canyon Rd, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM lynn-kaeding@fws.gov NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 24 IS 3 BP 1031 EP 1037 DI 10.1577/M03-074.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 849IF UT WOS:000223531200026 ER PT J AU Schwanke, CJ Hubert, WA AF Schwanke, CJ Hubert, WA TI Evaluation of three gears for sampling spawning populations of rainbow trout in a large Alaskan river SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID GILLNET SELECTIVITY AB Alternatives to electrofishing are needed for sampling sexually mature rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss during the spawning season in large Alaskan rivers. We compared hook and line, beach seining, and actively fished gill nets as sampling tools. Beach seining and active gill netting yielded similar catch rates, length frequencies, and sex ratios of sexually mature fish. Hook-and-line sampling was less effective, with a lower catch rate and selectivity for immature fish and sexually mature females. We conclude that both beach seining and active gill netting can serve as alternatives to electrofishing for sampling sexually mature rainbow trout stocks during the spawning season in large rivers with stable spring flows and spawning areas with few snags. C1 Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Dillingham, AK 99576 USA. RP Hubert, WA (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM whubert@uwyo.edu NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 24 IS 3 BP 1078 EP 1082 DI 10.1577/M03-062.1 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 849IF UT WOS:000223531200032 ER PT J AU Grange, S Duncan, P Gaillard, JM Sinclair, ARE Gogan, PJP Packer, C Hofer, H East, M AF Grange, S Duncan, P Gaillard, JM Sinclair, ARE Gogan, PJP Packer, C Hofer, H East, M TI What limits the Serengeti zebra population? SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE coexistence; African ungulates; equids; bovids; population dynamics ID LARGE HERBIVORES; NATIONAL-PARK; UNGULATE POPULATIONS; LION PREDATION; COMPETITION; WILDEBEEST; RAINFALL; DYNAMICS; SURVIVAL; CONSERVATION AB The populations of the ecologically dominant ungulates in the Serengeti ecosystem (zebra, wildebeest and buffalo) have shown markedly different trends since the 1960s: the two ruminants both irrupted after the elimination of rinderpest in 1960, while the zebras have remained stable. The ruminants are resource limited (though parts of the buffalo population have been limited by poaching since the 1980s). The zebras' resource acquisition tactics should allow them to outcompete the ruminants, but their greater spatial dispersion makes them more available to predators, and it has been suggested that this population is limited by predation. To investigate the mechanisms involved in the population dynamics of Serengeti zebra, we compared population dynamics among the three species using demographic models based on age-class-specific survival and fecundity. The only major difference between zebra and the two ruminants occurred in the first-year survival. We show that wildebeest have a higher reproductive potential than zebra (younger age at first breeding and shorter generation time). Nevertheless, these differences in reproduction cannot account for the observed differences in the population trends between the zebra and the ruminants. On the other hand, among-species differences in first-year survival are great enough to account for the constancy of zebra population size. We conclude that the very low first-year survival of zebra limits this population. We provide new data on predation in the Serengeti and show that, as in other ecosystems, predation rates on zebras are high, so predation could hold the population in a "predator pit". However, lion and hyena feed principally on adult zebras, and further work is required to discover the process involved in the high mortality of foals. C1 Ctr Etud Biol Chize, CNRS, UPR 1934, F-79360 Beauvoir Sur Niort, France. Univ Lyon 1, UMR Biometrie & Biol Evolut 5558, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. Univ British Columbia, Ctr Biodivers Res, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Montana State Univ, Forestry Sci Lab, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, USGS, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Inst Zoo & Wildlife Res, D-10315 Berlin, Germany. RP Grange, S (reprint author), Ctr Etud Biol Chize, CNRS, UPR 1934, F-79360 Beauvoir Sur Niort, France. EM grange@cebc.cnrs.fr OI Hofer, Heribert/0000-0002-2813-7442 NR 56 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 11 U2 43 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD AUG PY 2004 VL 140 IS 3 BP 523 EP 532 DI 10.1007/s00442-004-1567-6 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 842MP UT WOS:000223008700017 PM 15293043 ER PT J AU Cook, RR Angermeier, PL Finn, DS Poff, NL Krueger, KL AF Cook, RR Angermeier, PL Finn, DS Poff, NL Krueger, KL TI Geographic variation in patterns of nestedness among local stream fish assemblages in Virginia SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE stream fish; nested subsets; nestedness; species assemblages; spatial scale ID SPECIES COMPOSITION; SUBSETS; HABITAT; DIVERSITY; COLONIZATION; COMMUNITIES; VARIABILITY; ECOLOGY; SYSTEM; BIRD AB Nestedness of faunal assemblages is a multi-scale phenomenon, potentially influenced by a variety of factors. Prior small-scale studies have found freshwater fish species assemblages to be nested along stream courses as a result of either selective colonization or extinction. However, within-stream gradients in temperature and other factors are correlated with the distributions of many fish species and may also contribute to nestedness. At a regional level, strongly nested patterns would require a consistent set of structuring mechanisms across streams, and correlation among species' tolerances of the environmental factors that influence distribution. Thus, nestedness should be negatively associated with the spatial extent of the region analyzed and positively associated with elevational gradients (a correlate of temperature and other environmental factors). We examined these relationships for the freshwater fishes of Virginia. Regions were defined within a spatial hierarchy and included whole river drainages, portions of drainages within physiographic provinces, and smaller subdrainages. In most cases, nestedness was significantly stronger in regions of smaller spatial extent and in regions characterized by greater topographic relief. Analysis of hydrologic variability and patterns of faunal turnover provided no evidence that inter-annual colonization/extinction dynamics contributed to elevational differences in nestedness. These results suggest that, at regional scales, nestedness is influenced by interactions between biotic and abiotic factors, and that the strongest nestedness is likely to occur where a small number of organizational processes predominate, i.e., over small spatial extents and regions exhibiting strong environmental gradients. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Cook, RR (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Sequoia & Kings Canyon Natl Parks, 47050 Gen Highway, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. EM Rose_Cook@nps.gov RI Poff, Nathan/C-1239-2009 NR 43 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD AUG PY 2004 VL 140 IS 4 BP 639 EP 649 DI 10.1007/s00442-004-1618-z PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 845TF UT WOS:000223266500013 PM 15278423 ER PT J AU Cam, E Monnat, JY Royle, JA AF Cam, E Monnat, JY Royle, JA TI Dispersal and individual quality in a long lived species SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID CHAIN MONTE-CARLO; BLACK-LEGGED KITTIWAKE; LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; MODELING HETEROGENEITY; BREEDING BIOLOGY; PAIR-BOND; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; REGRESSION-ANALYSIS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD AB The idea of differences in individual quality has been put forward in numerous long-term studies in long-lived species to explain differences in lifetime production among individuals. Despite the important role of individual heterogeneity in vital rates in demography, population dynamics and life history theory, the idea of "individual quality" is elusive. It is sometimes assumed to be a static or dynamic individual characteristic. When considered as a dynamic trait, it is sometimes assumed to vary deterministically or stochastically, or to be confounded with the characteristics of the habitat. We addressed heterogeneity in reproductive performance among individuals established in higher-quality habitat in a long-lived seabird species. We used approaches to statistical inference based on individual random effects permitting quantification of heterogeneity in populations and assessment of individual variation from the population mean. We found evidence of heterogeneity in breeding probability, not success probability. We assessed the influence of dispersal on individual reproductive potential. Dispersal is likely to be destabilizing in species with high site and mate fidelity. We detected heterogeneity after dispersal, not before. Individuals may perform well regardless of quality before destabilization, including those that recruited in higher-quality habitat by chance, but only higher-quality individuals may be able to overcome the consequences of dispersal. Importantly, results differed when accounting for individual heterogeneity (an increase in mean breeding probability when individuals dispersed), or not (a decrease in mean breeding probability). In the latter case, the decrease in mean breeding probability may result from a substantial decrease in breeding probability in a few individuals and a slight increase in others. In other words, the pattern observed at the population mean level may not reflect what happens in the majority of individuals. C1 Univ Toulouse 3, Lab Evolut & Divers Biol, F-31062 Toulouse 04, France. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Cam, E (reprint author), Univ Toulouse 3, Lab Evolut & Divers Biol, Bat 4R3,Salle 209,118 Route Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse 04, France. EM emmacam@cict.fr OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 90 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0030-1299 EI 1600-0706 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD AUG PY 2004 VL 106 IS 2 BP 386 EP 398 DI 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2003.13097.x PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 834QC UT WOS:000222424600018 ER PT J AU Howard, SM Lacasse, JM AF Howard, SM Lacasse, JM TI An evaluation of gap-filled landsat SLC-off imagery for wildland fire burn safety mapping SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Howard, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM smhoward@usgs.gov; jmlacasse@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 70 IS 8 BP 877 EP 880 PG 4 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 843JH UT WOS:000223074300001 ER PT J AU Melancon, MJ AF Melancon, MJ TI Nonlethal development, validation, and application of cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) as a biomarker for contaminant exposure SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material DE nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID); spinal; cyclo-oxygenase; COX; prostaglandin ID DYNAMIC ORGAN-CULTURE; CUT LIVER SLICES; MEDITERRANEAN CETACEANS; IN-VITRO; INDUCTION C1 USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Melancon, MJ (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, BARC E, Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 80 IS 2 BP 216 EP 217 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfh181 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 836LQ UT WOS:000222557600002 PM 15274246 ER PT J AU Flint, AL Ellett, KM AF Flint, AL Ellett, KM TI The role of the unsaturated zone in artificial recharge at San Gorgonio Pass, California SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT TOUGH Symposium 2003 CY MAY, 2003 CL Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA HO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab AB The hydrogeology of the unsaturated zone plays a critical role in determining the suitability of a site for artificial recharge. Optimally, a suitable site has highly permeable soils, a capacity for horizontal flow at the aquifer boundary, a lack of impeding layers, and a thick unsaturated zone. The suitability of a site is often determined by field and laboratory measurements of soil properties, field experiments, and numerical modeling. An artificial recharge site in the San Gorgonio Pass area in southern California, USA was studied to better understand the role of the unsaturated zone in artificial recharge by surface spreading. Field measurements and observations were used to characterize the site and to develop a conceptual model of the unsaturated zone. A numerical model was developed based on the conceptual model and calibrated using data from a 50-d artificial recharge experiment conducted in 1991 and borehole data collected between 1997 and 2002. Results indicate that an impeding layer exists 70 m below land surface that will cause lateral diversion of artificially recharged water, which would spread out and delay recharge to the water table 185 m below land surface. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Flint, AL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Placer Hall,6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM aflint@usgs.gov NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 3 IS 3 BP 763 EP 774 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 904BB UT WOS:000227469000004 ER PT J AU Blasch, KW Ferre, TPA Hoffmann, JP AF Blasch, KW Ferre, TPA Hoffmann, JP TI A statistical technique for interpreting streamflow timing using streambed sediment thermographs SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE AB A moving standard deviation (MSD) technique is developed to infer the onset and cessation of ephemeral streamflow using temperature data from the upper 2.25 m of streambed sediments. During periods of streamflow, shifting of the predominant thermal-transport mechanism within the sediments from conduction to advection produced changes in the amplitude of the vertically propagating diurnal temperature waves. Analytical expressions describing propagation of conductive and advective diurnal temperature waves through streambed sediments are presented for identifying depths with the largest changes in the diurnal temperature wave amplitude between periods of flow and no flow. The MSD statistical technique was developed to identify the thermal amplitude changes from bed sediment thermographs and to infer streamflow timing. The accuracy of the MSD technique is quantified using direct streamflow and streambed water content measurements. Accuracy of the technique was most sensitive to the MSD window length and the threshold parameter separating periods of conductive and advective heat transport. An alternative calibration procedure was developed using temperature measurements alone. The average error for streamflow timing was approximately 400 min for each event. The results show that temperature sensors may be deployed at a range of sediment depths depending on streamflow stage and soil thermal and hydraulic properties, and that the MSD procedure can provide an objective and repeatable means to quantify streamflow timing. C1 USGS, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Blasch, KW (reprint author), USGS, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM kblasch@usgs.gov NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 3 IS 3 BP 936 EP 946 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 904BB UT WOS:000227469000020 ER PT J AU Rosen, MR Reeves, RR Green, S Clothier, B Ironside, N AF Rosen, MR Reeves, RR Green, S Clothier, B Ironside, N TI Prediction of groundwater nitrate contamination after closure of an unlined sheep feedlot SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN; WATER; MODEL; SOIL; DYNAMICS; PASTURE; FLOW AB Nitrate contamination of groundwater by a sheep feedlot in Hawke's Bay, New Zealand led to closure of the feedlot in 1998. However, knowledge of the processes controlling how long the contamination will remain and an analysis of whether the current land use ( vineyard) will also impact groundwater quality are required to long-term groundwater quality issues after feedlot operations To determine the fate of NO3 following land use changes and the rate of reduction of contamination that may be expected under natural conditions following such changes, we compared the chemical concentrations of NO3 - N, Cl, and alkalinity (HCO3) in the groundwater and rivers from surveys conducted in 1994 and 1995 with sampling conducted in 2001. Profile sampling of total N and C of the <2-mm size fraction in the vadose zone from two sites was used in a one-dimensional soil - plant - atmosphere system model ( SPASMO) program to predict N loading in future years and predict how long it would take to improve the groundwater quality. Groundwater sampling in 1994 and 1995 determined that the highest NO3 - N concentrations were under the feedlot ( > 140 g m(-3) NO3 - N) and down gradient. In 2001, 3 yr after the feedlot closed, the Cl concentrations had increased in down-gradient wells but remained similar to the 1994 survey in other wells. There has been a decrease in NO3 - N concentrations in most wells, compared with the peak NO3 - N concentrations recorded in the 1995 survey, but an increase compared with 1994. Alkalinity concentrations in wells located within the influence of the feedlot are approximately 150 g m(-3) lower than in surrounding wells. This indicates that nitrification reactions are affecting the HCO3 concentrations in the feedlot-influenced wells. However, the HCO3 concentrations of some of these wells are increasing, indicating that nitrification be slowing down and the aquifer is beginning to recover. SPASMO modeling indicates that NO3 contamination from the site will continue for the next 3 to 5 yr. The impact of NO3 leaching due to current land use practices is likely to be much less than the feedlot. The model predicts there will be an improvement in groundwater quality in the next 3 to 5 yr as NO3 from the feedlot eventually leaves the vadose zone profile and mixes into the unconfined aquifer. C1 US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV 89706 USA. Inst Geol & Nucl Sci Ltd, Wairakei Res Ctr, Taupo, New Zealand. Hort & Food Res Inst New Zealand Ltd, Palmerston N Res Ctr, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Hawkes Bay Reg Council, Napier, New Zealand. RP Rosen, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 333 W Nye Lane, Carson City, NV 89706 USA. EM mrosen@usgs.gov RI Clothier, Brent/H-3124-2013; Rosen, Michael/D-6091-2015; Green, Steve/I-3938-2013 OI Clothier, Brent/0000-0003-1901-0324; Green, Steve/0000-0002-4020-3430 NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 3 IS 3 BP 990 EP 1006 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 904BB UT WOS:000227469000026 ER PT J AU Austin, JE Pyle, WH AF Austin, JE Pyle, WH TI Nesting ecology of waterbirds at Grays Lake, Idaho SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE American Avocet; American Coot; Canada Goose; dabbling ducks; habitat management; Idaho; montane; wetland; nesting ecology; Sandhill Crane; waterbirds ID NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE; BREEDING BIOLOGY; AMERICAN AVOCET; SUCCESS; COLORADO; PATTERNS; CANADA; COOTS; UTAH AB Montane wetlands provide valuable habitat for nesting waterfowl and other waterbirds in the western United States, but relatively little information is available about the nesting ecology of their waterbird communities. We describe the general nesting ecology of breeding waterbirds at a large, shallow, montane wetland in southeastern Idaho during 1997-2000. Habitats include upland grasslands and intermittently to semipermanently flooded wetland habitats. We located a total of 1207 nests of 23 bird species: Eared Grebe (Podiceps nigricollis), Canada Goose (Branta canadensis), Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), Gadwall (A. strepera), American Wigeon (A. americana), Green-winged Teal (A. crecca), Blue-winged Teal (A. discors), Cinnamon Teal (A. cyanoptera), Northern Shoveler (A. clypeata), Northern Pintail (A. acuta), Redhead (Aythya americana), Canvasback (A. valisineria), Lesser Scaup (A. affinis), Ruddy Duck (Oxyura jamaicensis), Northern Harrier (Circus cyaneus), American Coot (Fulica americana), Virginia Rail (Rallus limicola), Greater Sandhill Crane (Grits canadensis tabida), American Avocet (Recurvirostra americana), Long-billed Curlew (Numenius americanus), Wilson's Snipe (Gallinago delicata), Wilson's Phalarope (Phalaropus tricolor), and Short-eared Owl (Asio flammeus). Most nests were initiated in May-early June and were terminated (hatched or destroyed) by the 3rd week of June. Mean daily survival rate (DSR) for Canada Goose nests was 0.954+/-0.005 (s((x) over bar); n=127 nests), equivalent to Mayfield nest success of 21%. Mean DSR for dabbling thick nests over all 4 years was 0.938+/-0.006 (n=41), equivalent to Mayfield nest success of 11%. For all other species where we found >10 nests each year (Eared Grebe, Redhead, Canvasback, Coot, Sandhill Crane, American Avocet, and Winson's Snipe), >50% of nests found hatched at least I young. Success rates for geese, cranes, and ducks were lower than reported for Grays Lake during 1949-1951 and lower than most other wetlands in the region. C1 US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Grays Lake Natl Wildlife Refuge, Wayan, ID 83285 USA. RP Austin, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. OI Austin, Jane/0000-0001-8775-2210 NR 61 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 24 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD AUG PY 2004 VL 64 IS 3 BP 277 EP 292 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 852ZU UT WOS:000223796400001 ER PT J AU Evangelista, P Stohlgren, TJ Guenther, D Stewart, S AF Evangelista, P Stohlgren, TJ Guenther, D Stewart, S TI Vegetation response to fire and postburn seeding treatments in juniper woodlands of the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, Utah SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Juniperus osteosperma; fire; postburn seeding; nonnative species; Bromus tectorum; biological soil crusts; regression tree analysis ID SOIL CRUSTS; DESERT; PINYON; HISTORY AB We compared 3 naturally ignited burns with unburned sites in the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument. Each born site was restored with native and nonnative seed mixes, restored with native seeds only, or regenerated naturally. In general, burned sites bad significantly lower native species richness (1.8 vs. 2.9 species), native species cover (11% vs. 22.5%), and soil crust cover (4.1% vs. 15%) than unburned sites. Most burned plots, seeded or not, had significantly higher average nonnative species richness and cover and lower average native species richness and cover than unburned sites. Regression tree analyses suggest site variation was equally important to rehabilitation results as seeding treatments. Low native species richness and cover high soil C, and low cover of biological soil crusts may facilitate increased nonnative species richness and cover. Our study also found that unburned sites in the region had equally high cover of nonnative species compared with the rest of the Monument. Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) dominated both burned and unburned sites. Despite the invasion of cheatgrass, unburned sites still maintain higher native species richness; however, the high cover of cheatgrass may increase fire frequency, further reduce native species richness and cover, and ultimately change vegetation composition in juniper woodlands. C1 Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Gran Staircase Escalante Natl Monument, Kanah, UT 84741 USA. RP Evangelista, P (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Evangelista, Paul/F-4801-2011; Evangelista, Paul/D-2315-2016 NR 36 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 12 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD AUG PY 2004 VL 64 IS 3 BP 293 EP 305 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 852ZU UT WOS:000223796400002 ER PT J AU Mueller, GA Horn, MJ AF Mueller, GA Horn, MJ TI Distribution and abundance of pelagic fish in Lake Powell, Utah, and Lake Mead, Arizona-Nevada SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE pelagic fisheries; striped bass; threadfin shad; biomass; densities; distribution AB Pelagic fish communities (waters with depths >20 m) of Lakes Powell and Mead were examined quarterly from 1995 to 1998 using vertical gill nets and a scientific echosounder. Nets captured a total of 449 fish consisting of striped bass (57%/45% [Lake Powell/Lake Mead]), threadfin shad (24%/50%), common carp (15%/4%), walleye (3%), channel catfish (2%), and rainbow front (<1%). Each reservoir contained concentrations of pelagic species separated by expanses of habitat with few fish (<10 kg.ha(-1)). Reservoirs experienced dramatic seasonal and annual fluctuations in pelagic biomass. Lake Powell's biomass peaked at the Colorado River at 709.7 (+/-46.5) kg.ha(-1) and Lake Mead's reached 291.9 (+/-58.2) kg.ha(-1) at Las Vegas Wash. These locations supported estimated fish densities of 124,668 fish.ha(-1) and 15,131 fish.ha(-1), respectively. Maximum reservoir biomass peaked in August 1996, with Lake Powell supporting 10,852,738+/-5,195,556 kg (27.6x10(7) fish) and Lake Mead 1,926,697+/-892.994 kg (10.8x10(7) fish). Biomass ebbed in May (1996 and 1997), when Lake Mead supported 65% (296,736 kg vs. 453,097 kg) and 62% (101,016 kg vs. 162,262 kg) of biomass levels found in Lake Powell. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Bur Reclamat, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Mueller, GA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25007, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD AUG PY 2004 VL 64 IS 3 BP 306 EP 311 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 852ZU UT WOS:000223796400003 ER PT J AU Geluso, K Huebschman, JJ White, JA Bogan, MA AF Geluso, K Huebschman, JJ White, JA Bogan, MA TI Reproduction and seasonal activity of silver-haired bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans) in western Nebraska SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Lasionycteris noctivagans; silver-haired bat; Nebraska; reproduction; seasonal activity; migration; hibernation; Great Plains ID IOWA AB Silver-haired bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans) were thought only to migrate through Nebraska; however, recent surveys in eastern Nebraska report summer records of females and their voting. Our study in western Nebraska also shows that silver-haired bats are summer residents. We discovered the 1st reproductively active L. noctivagans in this part of the state. We caught lactating females and volant voting in riparian forests along the North Platte River and in forested areas of the Pine Ridge. Previously, adult males were not known from Nebraska in summer, and only 4 records of L. noctivagans were known from western Nebraska during migration. On 28 July we captured an adult male in a coniferous forest of the Wildcat Hills, and we have more than 100 records of migrating individuals. Lastly, an obese L. noctivagans captured on 4 November may represent an individual preparing to hibernate in the state. C1 Univ New Mexico, US Geol Survey, Arid Lands Field Stn, Museum SW Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resource Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Nebraska, State Museum, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. RP Geluso, K (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, US Geol Survey, Arid Lands Field Stn, Museum SW Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD AUG PY 2004 VL 64 IS 3 BP 353 EP 358 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 852ZU UT WOS:000223796400009 ER PT J AU Pavlacky, DC Anderson, SH AF Pavlacky, DC Anderson, SH TI Comparative habitat use in a juniper woodland bird community SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE habitat use; birds; Utah juniper woodland; community organization; succession; vegetation structure ID BREEDING BIRDS; PINYON; VEGETATION; ORGANIZATION; SELECTION; COLORADO; ECOLOGY; OVERLAP; RANGE AB We compared vegetation structure used by 14 bird species during the 1998 and 1999 breeding seasons to determine what habitat features best accounted for habitat division and community organization in Utah juniper (Juniperus osteosperma) woodlands of southwestern Wyoming. Habitat use was quantified by measuring 24 habitat variables in 461 bird-centered quadrats, each 0.04 ha in size. Using discriminant function analysis, we differentiated between habitat used by 14 bird species along 3 habitat dimensions: (1) variation in shrub cover, overstory juniper cover, mature tree density, understory height, and decadent tree density; (2) a gradient composed of elevation and forb cover; and (3) variation in grass cover, tree height, seedling/sapling cover, and bare ground/rock cover. Of 14 species considered, 9 exhibited substantial habitat partitioning: Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura), Bewick's Wren (Thryomanes bewickii), Blue-gray Gnatcatcher (Polioptila caerulea), Mountain Bluebird (Sialia currucoides), Plumbeous Vireo (Vireo plumbeus), Green-tailed Towhee (Pipilo chlorurus), Brewer's Sparrow (Spizella breweri), Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis), and Cassin's Finch (Carpodacus cassinii). Our results indicate juniper bird communities of southwestern Wyoming are organized along a 3-dimensional habitat gradient composed of woodland maturity, elevation, and juniper recruitment. Because juniper birds partition habitat along successional and altitudinal gradients, indiscriminate woodland clearing as well as continued fire suppression will alter species composition. Restoration efforts should ensure that all successional stages of juniper woodland are present on the landscape. C1 Univ Wyoming, USGS, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Anderson, SH (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, USGS, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD AUG PY 2004 VL 64 IS 3 BP 376 EP 384 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 852ZU UT WOS:000223796400012 ER PT J AU Sedgwick, JA Bartholow, J AF Sedgwick, JA Bartholow, J TI Foxes on a hot tin roof SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE red fox; gray fox; climbing behavior; canid morphology ID RED FOXES; VULPES C1 USGS Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Sedgwick, JA (reprint author), USGS Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD AUG PY 2004 VL 64 IS 3 BP 406 EP 408 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 852ZU UT WOS:000223796400016 ER PT J AU Levasseur, S Frank, M Hein, JR Halliday, A AF Levasseur, S Frank, M Hein, JR Halliday, A TI The global variation in the iron isotope composition of marine hydrogenetic ferromanganese deposits: implications for seawater chemistry? SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE iron isotopes; manganese crusts; atmospheric input; hydrothermal input; intraoceanic processes ID TRANSITION-METAL ISOTOPES; HYDROTHERMAL FLUXES; SECULAR VARIATION; NORTH PACIFIC; FE ISOTOPES; PB ISOTOPES; DEEP-WATER; CRUSTS; FRACTIONATION; ATLANTIC AB The iron (Fe) isotope compositions of 37 hydrogenetic ferromanganese deposits from various oceans have been analysed by MC-ICPMS; they permit the construction of a global map of Fe isotopic values. The isotopic compositions range between - 1.2 and - 0.1parts per thousand in delta(57)Fe(IRMM14). Averages for the Atlantic and the Pacific are - 0.41 and - 0.88parts per thousand, but their standard deviations are identical (0.27, 1sigma) and the data very largely overlap. No correlation is found with Pb or Nd isotope compositions and there is no evidence that the observed oceanic Fe isotopic heterogeneity is directly controlled by variations in continental sources. The small quantities of Fe that can be introduced from hydrothermal sources render as unlikely the possibility that the isotopic variations reflect variable proportions of continental and hydrothermal Fe, as recently proposed. The more likely explanation is that the variations are induced locally within the ocean. The exact sources of fractionation remain unclear. Likely possibilities are the dissolution and reprecipitation processes that liberate Fe from sediments during anoxic events, dissolution in surface waters or processes occurring during growth of the crusts. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ETH Zentrum, Inst Isotope Geol & Mineral Resources, Dept Earth Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Levasseur, S (reprint author), ETH Zentrum, Inst Isotope Geol & Mineral Resources, Dept Earth Sci, CO 61,Sonneggstr 5, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM levasseur@erdw.ethz.ch NR 41 TC 61 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JUL 30 PY 2004 VL 224 IS 1-2 BP 91 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2004.05.010 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 843UW UT WOS:000223113100007 ER PT J AU Ponce, DA Simpson, RW Graymer, RW Jachens, RC AF Ponce, DA Simpson, RW Graymer, RW Jachens, RC TI Gravity, magnetic, and high-precision relocated seismicity profiles suggest a connection between the Hayward and Calaveras Faults, northern California SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE seismicity; gravity; magnetics; Hayward Fault; California; geodesy and gravity : local gravity anomalies and crustal structure; geomagnetism and paleomagnetism : magnetic anomaly modeling; seismology : seismicity and seismotectonics ID FRANCISCO BAY-REGION; EARTHQUAKES AB [1] Gravity, magnetic, and seismicity data profiled across the Hayward Fault Zone were generated as part of ongoing studies to help determine the geologic and tectonic setting of the San Francisco Bay region. These data, combined with previous geophysical studies that indicate that the Hayward Fault Zone dips 75degreesNE near San Leandro and follows a preexisting structure, reveal a possible direct connection between the seismogenic portion of the Hayward and Calaveras Faults at depth. Although the relocated seismicity data are regional in nature, they suggest that the dip of the Hayward Fault Zone may vary from near vertical in the northwestern part of the fault to about 75degreesNE at San Leandro in the central part of the fault to about 50degreesNE in the southeastern part of the fault. Gravity and magnetic data, profiled across the Hayward Fault Zone, were processed using standard geophysical techniques. Cross sections of high-precision relocated hypocenters were constructed along each profile from the northwestern to the southeastern end of the Hayward Fault Zone. Profiles and cross sections are referenced to Pinole Point, where the Hayward Fault enters San Pablo Bay, and are spaced 2.5 km apart. Topographic profiles shown on the seismicity cross sections were generated using U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) 7.5-min, 30-m digital elevation models. Relocation of seismicity data was accomplished using a regional double-difference method. The double-difference method incorporates ordinary travel time measurements and cross correlation of P and S wave differential travel time measurements. Relative locations between earthquakes have hypocentral errors of about 100 m horizontally and 250 m vertically. Absolute location uncertainties were not determined but are probably dramatically improved compared to the USGS's Northern California Seismic Network catalog data. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ponce, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM ponce@usgs.gov; simpson@usgs.gov; rgraymer@usgs.gov; jachens@usgs.gov NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD JUL 30 PY 2004 VL 5 AR Q07004 DI 10.1029/2003GC000684 PG 39 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 844TN UT WOS:000223183300003 ER PT J AU Chang, YS Hanes, DM AF Chang, YS Hanes, DM TI Suspended sediment and hydrodynamics above mildly sloped long wave ripples SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE bedform; ripple; seabed; suspended sediment ID SAND; SUSPENSION; TRANSPORT; BED; MODELS AB We investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of suspended sediment and the associated hydrodynamics over mildly sloped long wave ripples on the inner shelf. These bedforms had wavelengths of approximately 1 m and heights of approximately 5 cm, in a mean water depth of 4 m. The vertical and temporal structures of the suspended sediment concentration (SSC) are consistent with the entrainment of sediment on the offshore flank of the ripple, and rapid vertical mixing at the time of flow reversal, followed by advection onshore by the onshore fluid motion. This work confirms that the mechanism for sediment suspension above low-amplitude, long wave ripples is similar to the vortex formation process expected over steeper vortex ripples. Numerical simulations of the flow using the Dune2d model indicate that a separated rotational flow structure is generated at the flank of the ripple on the seaward side of the ripple crest, near the time of flow reversal. The simulations indicate that only one vortex is formed during each wave period, in agreement with the field observations. This asymmetry is due mainly to the presence of an offshore mean near-bed current of approximately 6 to 8 cm/s. The SSC is calculated by the model and compared to the field observations. A hydraulic bed roughness of 10 to 15 median grain diameters (d(50)) was used in order to match the model prediction to the observed SSC approximately 1 cm above the seabed ( cab). However, the modeled SSC and turbulent kinetic energy were significantly lower than the field observations at elevations exceeding approximately 2 cab. C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Civil & Coastal Engn, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Chang, YS (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM yschang@rsmas.miami.edu; dhanes@usgs.gov NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUL 30 PY 2004 VL 109 IS C7 AR C07022 DI 10.1029/2003JC001900 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 844WG UT WOS:000223191200001 ER PT J AU Alexander, PS Holman, RA AF Alexander, PS Holman, RA TI Quantification of nearshore morphology based on video imaging SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nearshore; nearshore environment; remote sensing; morphology; sand bars; beaches ID SAND-BAR MORPHOLOGY AB The Argus network is a series of video cameras with aerial views of beaches around the world. Intensity contrasts in time exposure images reveal areas of preferential breaking, which are closely tied to underlying bed morphology. This relationship was further investigated, including the effect of tidal elevation and wave height on the presence of wave breaking and its cross-shore position over sand bars. Computerized methods of objectively extracting shoreline and sand bar locations were developed, allowing the vast quantity of data generated by Argus to be more effectively examined. Once features were identified in the images, daily alongshore mean values were taken to create time series of shoreline and sand bar location, which were analyzed for annual cycles and cross-correlated with wave data to investigate environmental forcing and response. These data extraction techniques were applied to images from four of the Argus camera sites. A relationship between wave height and shoreline location was found in which increased wave heights resulted in more landward shoreline positions; given the short lag times over which this correlation was significant, and that the strong annual signal in wave height was not replicated in the shoreline time series, it is likely that this relationship is a result of set-up during periods of large waves. Wave height was also found to have an effect on sand bar location, whereby an increase in wave height resulted in offshore bar migration. This correlation was significant over much longer time lags than the relationship between wave height and shoreline location, and a strong annual signal was found in the location of almost all observed bars, indicating that the sand bars are migrating with changes in wave height. In the case of the site with multiple sand bars, the offshore bars responded more significantly to changes in wave height, whereas the innermost bar seemed to be shielded from incident wave energy by breaking over the other bars. A relationship was also found between a site's mean wave height and inner sand bar location; sites with the highest wave heights tended to have sand bars farther from shore than those with relatively low wave heights. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Alexander, PS (reprint author), Woods Hole Field Ctr, US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM palexander@usgs.gov; holman@coas.orst.edu RI Dalyander, Soupy/E-9830-2013; OI Dalyander, P. Soupy/0000-0001-9583-0872 NR 19 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD JUL 30 PY 2004 VL 208 IS 1 BP 101 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2004.04.017 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 841VY UT WOS:000222961100006 ER PT J AU Sipkin, SA Zirbes, MD AF Sipkin, SA Zirbes, MD TI Moment-tensor solutions estimated using optimal filter theory: global seismicity, 2002 SO PHYSICS OF THE EARTH AND PLANETARY INTERIORS LA English DT Article DE moment-tensor solutions; optimal filter theory; earthquakes; source parameters; seismicity ID EARTHQUAKE SOURCE PARAMETERS; INVERSION AB Moment-tensor solutions, estimated using optimal filter theory, are listed for 306 moderate-to-large size earthquakes that occurred during 2002. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Sipkin, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 966,POB 25046,DFC, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM sipkin@usgs.gov NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-9201 J9 PHYS EARTH PLANET IN JI Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. PD JUL 30 PY 2004 VL 145 IS 1-4 BP 203 EP 217 DI 10.1016/j.pepi.2004.04.002 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 836KE UT WOS:000222553600015 ER PT J AU Chery, J Zoback, MD Hickman, S AF Chery, J Zoback, MD Hickman, S TI A mechanical model of the San Andreas fault and SAFOD pilot hole stress measurements SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS; HEAT-FLOW; CALIFORNIA; LITHOSPHERE; STRENGTH; NORTHERN; RHEOLOGY; SYSTEM; LIMITS; STATE AB Stress measurements made in the SAFOD pilot hole provide an opportunity to study the relation between crustal stress outside the fault zone and the stress state within it using an integrated mechanical model of a transform fault loaded in transpression. The results of this modeling indicate that only a fault model in which the effective friction is very low (<0.1) through the seismogenic thickness of the crust is capable of matching stress measurements made in both the far field and in the SAFOD pilot hole. The stress rotation measured with depth in the SAFOD pilot hole (&SIM;28&DEG;) appears to be a typical feature of a weak fault embedded in a strong crust and a weak upper mantle with laterally variable heat flow, although our best model predicts less rotation (15&DEG;) than observed. Stress magnitudes predicted by our model within the fault zone indicate low shear stress on planes parallel to the fault but a very anomalous mean stress, approximately twice the lithostatic stress. C1 Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Dynam Lithosphere, F-34095 Montpellier, France. Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Chery, J (reprint author), Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Dynam Lithosphere, CC 060, F-34095 Montpellier, France. EM jean@dstu.univ-montp2.fr NR 19 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 29 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 15 AR L15S13 DI 10.1029/2004GL019521 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 844UN UT WOS:000223186200003 ER PT J AU Rocke, TE Dein, FJ Fuchsberger, M Fox, BC Stinchcomb, DT Osorio, JE AF Rocke, TE Dein, FJ Fuchsberger, M Fox, BC Stinchcomb, DT Osorio, JE TI Limited infection upon human exposure to a recombinant raccoon pox vaccine vector SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE raccoon poxvirus; viral vector; Yersinia pestis ID VIRUS; RABIES; PLAGUE AB A laboratory accident resulted in human exposure to a recombinant raccoon poxvirus (RCN) developed as a vaccine vector for antigens of Yersinia pestis for protection of wild rodents (and other animals) against plague. Within 9 days, the patient developed a small blister that healed within 4 weeks. Raccoon poxvirus was cultured from the lesion, and the patient developed antibody to plague antigen (171) and RCN. This is the first documented case of human exposure to RCN. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USGS, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. UW Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Heska Corp, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. PowderJect Vaccines, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Rocke, TE (reprint author), USGS, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM tonie_rocke@usgs.gov RI Fuchsberger, Martina/H-3582-2011; OI Stinchcomb, Dan/0000-0002-3634-7503; Rocke, Tonie/0000-0003-3933-1563 NR 14 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUL 29 PY 2004 VL 22 IS 21-22 BP 2757 EP 2760 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.01.030 PG 4 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 842KC UT WOS:000223001900014 PM 15246608 ER PT J AU McGlynn, BL McDonnell, JJ Seibert, J Kendall, C AF McGlynn, BL McDonnell, JJ Seibert, J Kendall, C TI Scale effects on headwater catchment runoff timing, flow sources, and groundwater-streamflow relations SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE scale; water age; runoff generation; landscape organization ID HYDROGRAPH SEPARATION; GENERATION; HILLSLOPE; WATER; HYDROLOGY; BASIN; STORMFLOW; DYNAMICS; RIPARIAN; MODEL AB The effects of catchment size and landscape organization on runoff generation are poorly understood. Little research has integrated hillslope and riparian runoff investigation across catchments of different sizes to decipher first-order controls on runoff generation. We investigated the role of catchment sizes on riparian and hillslope dynamics based on hydrometric and tracer data observed at five scales ranging from trenched hillslope sections (55-285 m(2)) to a 280-ha catchment at Maimai on the west coast of the South Island, New Zealand. The highly organized landscape is comprised of similar headwater catchments, regular geology, steep highly dissected topography, relatively consistent soil depths, and topographically controlled shallow through flow. We found a strong correlation between riparian zone groundwater levels and runoff for the headwaters, whereas the water tables in the valley bottom of the larger catchments were uncorrelated to runoff for 14 months of record. While there was no clear relationship between catchment size and new water contribution to runoff in the two storms analyzed in detail, lag times of tracer responses increased systematically with catchment size. The combination of hydrometric and tracer data allowed assessment of the runoff contributions from different parts of the landscape. Runoff was generated consistently in headwater riparian zones. This agreed also with the observed variations of tracer ((18)O and silica) responses for the different catchments. During wetter antecedent conditions or during larger events (>30 mm under dry antecedent conditions) hillslope and valley bottom floodplains did contribute to event runoff directly. We propose that analysis of landscape-scale organization and the distribution of dominant landscape features provide a structure for investigation of runoff production and solute transport, especially as catchment-scale increases from headwaters to the mesoscale. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Swedish Univ Agr Sci SLU, Dept Environm Assessment, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP McGlynn, BL (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, 334 Leon Johnson Hall,POB 173120, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM bmcglynn@montana.edu; jeffrey.mcdonnell@orst.edu; jan.seibert@ma.slu.se; ckendall@usgs.gov RI Seibert, Jan/B-1432-2009; McGlynn, Brian/A-2509-2008; McDonnell, Jeffrey/I-6400-2013 OI Seibert, Jan/0000-0002-6314-2124; McGlynn, Brian/0000-0001-5266-4894; NR 37 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 5 U2 39 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL 28 PY 2004 VL 40 IS 7 AR W07504 DI 10.1029/2003WR002494 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 844XF UT WOS:000223193700001 ER PT J AU Smith, RL Bohlke, JK Garabedian, SP Revesz, KM Yoshinari, T AF Smith, RL Bohlke, JK Garabedian, SP Revesz, KM Yoshinari, T TI Assessing denitrification in groundwater using natural gradient tracer tests with N-15: In situ measurement of a sequential multistep reaction SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE groundwater; denitrification; nitrate; nitrogen isotopes; tracer test; Cape Cod ID SEWAGE-CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER; CAPE-COD; NITRATE CONTAMINATION; SANDY AQUIFER; NITRITE ACCUMULATION; GRAVEL AQUIFER; NITROUS-OXIDE; CHALK AQUIFER; PSEUDOMONAS-STUTZERI; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN AB Denitrification was measured within a nitrate-contaminated aquifer on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, using natural gradient tracer tests with N-15 nitrate. The aquifer contained zones of relatively high concentrations of nitrite ( up to 77 muM) and nitrous oxide (up to 143 muM) and has been the site of previous studies examining ground water denitrification using the acetylene block technique. Small-scale (15-24 m travel distance) tracer tests were conducted by injecting N-15 nitrate and bromide as tracers into a depth interval that contained nitrate, nitrite, nitrous oxide, and excess nitrogen gas. The timing of the bromide breakthrough curves at down-gradient wells matched peaks in N-15 abundance above background for nitrate, nitrite, nitrous oxide, and nitrogen gas after more than 40 days of travel. Results were simulated with a one-dimensional transport model using linked reaction kinetics for the individual steps of the denitrification reaction pathway. It was necessary to include within the model spatial variations in background concentrations of all nitrogen oxide species. The model indicated that nitrite production (0.036-0.047 mumol N (L aquifer)(-1) d(-1)) was faster than the subsequent denitrification steps (0.013-0.016 mumol N (L aquifer)(-1) d(-1) for nitrous oxide and 0.013-0.020 mu mol N (L aquifer)(-1) d(-1) for nitrogen gas) and that the total rate of reaction was slower than indicated by both acetylene block tracer tests and laboratory incubations. The rate of nitrate removal by denitrification was much slower than the rate of transport, indicating that nitrate would migrate several kilometers down-gradient before being completely consumed. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. US Geol Survey, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY 12201 USA. RP Smith, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM rlsmith@usgs.gov RI Smith, Richard/A-6733-2008 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-3829-0125 NR 98 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL 28 PY 2004 VL 40 IS 7 AR W07101 DI 10.1029/2003WR002919 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 844XF UT WOS:000223193700004 ER PT J AU Keefer, DK Moseley, ME AF Keefer, DK Moseley, ME TI Southern Peru desert shattered bv the great 2001 earthquake: Implications for paleoseismic and paleo-El Nino-Southern oscillation records SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB In the desert region around the coastal city of Ilo, the great southern Peru earthquake of June 23, 2001 (8.2-8.4 moment magnitude), produced intense and widespread ground-failure effects. These effects included abundant landslides, pervasive ground cracking, microfracturing of surficial hillslope materials, collapse of drainage banks over long stretches, widening of hillside rills, and lengthening of first-order tributary channels. We have coined the term "shattered landscape" to describe the severity of these effects. Long-term consequences of this landscape shattering are inferred to include increased runoff and sediment transport during postearthqualke rainstorms. This inference was confirmed during the first minor postearthquake rainstorm there, which occurred in June and July of 2002. Greater amounts of rainfall in this desert region have historically been associated with El Nino events. Previous studies of an unusual paleoflood deposit in this region have concluded that it is the product of El Nino-generated precipitation failing on seismically disturbed landscapes. The effects of the 2001 earthquake and 2002 rainstorm support that conclusion. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Anthropol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Keefer, DK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dkeefer@usgs.gov NR 17 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 27 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 30 BP 10878 EP 10883 DI 10.1073/pnas.0404320101 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 842JM UT WOS:000223000200009 PM 15263069 ER PT J AU Kolpin, DW Skopec, M Meyer, MT Furlong, ET Zaugg, SD AF Kolpin, DW Skopec, M Meyer, MT Furlong, ET Zaugg, SD TI Urban contribution of pharmaceuticals and other organic wastewater contaminants to streams during differing flow conditions SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE pharmaceuticals; streams; urban ID PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; DRINKING-WATER; RAINBOW-TROUT; NORTH-SEA; DRUGS; POLLUTANTS; TRICLOSAN; ENDOCRINE; NONYLPHENOL AB During 2001, 76 water samples were collected upstream and downstream of select towns and cities in Iowa during high-, normal- and low-flow conditions to determine the contribution of urban centers to concentrations of pharmaceuticals and other organic wastewater contaminants (OWCs) in streams under varying flow conditions. The towns ranged in population from approximately 2000 to 200 000. Overall, one or more OWCs were detected in 98.7% of the samples collected, with 62 of the 105 compounds being found. The most frequently detected compounds were metolachlor (pesticide), cholesterol (plant and animal sterol), caffeine (stimulant), beta-sitosterol (plant sterol) and 1,7-dimethylxanthine (caffeine degradate). The number of OWCs detected decreased as streamflow increased from low- (51 compounds detected) to normal- (28) to high-flow (24) conditions. Antibiotics and other prescription drugs were only frequently detected during low-flow conditions. During low-flow conditions, 15 compounds (out of the 23) and ten compound groups (out of 11) detected in more than 10% of the streams sampled had significantly greater concentrations in samples collected downstream than in those collected upstream of the urban centers. Conversely, no significant differences in the concentrations were found during high-flow conditions. Thus, the urban contribution of OWCs to streams became progressively muted as streamflow increased. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. Iowa Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Kolpin, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 400 S Clinton St, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. EM dwkolpin@usgs.gov RI Furlong, Edward/C-3999-2011; OI Furlong, Edward/0000-0002-7305-4603; Meyer, Michael/0000-0001-6006-7985 NR 41 TC 285 Z9 303 U1 12 U2 97 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUL 26 PY 2004 VL 328 IS 1-3 BP 119 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.01.015 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 841VC UT WOS:000222958700011 PM 15207578 ER PT J AU Meybeck, M Horowitz, AJ Grosbois, C AF Meybeck, M Horowitz, AJ Grosbois, C TI The geochemistry of Seine River Basin particulate matter: distribution of an integrated metal pollution index SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE heavy metals; contamination; Seine basin; flood plain deposits; metal pollution index ID SEDIMENTS; MERCURY AB Spatial analysis (1994-2001) and temporal trends (1980-2000) for particulate-associated metals at key stations in the Seine River Basin have been determined using a new metal pollution index (MPI). The MPI is based on the concentrations of Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn, normalized to calculated background levels estimated for each particulate matter samples for four fractions (clays and other aluminosilicates, carbonates, organic matter, and quartz). Background levels ascribed to each fraction were determined from a specific set of samples collected from relatively pristine areas in the upper Seine basin and validated on prehistoric samples. The unitless MPI is designed to vary between 0 for pristine samples to 100 for the ones extremely impacted by human activities and to assess the trends of general metal contamination and its mapping. Throughout the Seine basin, MPI currently range from 1 to 40, but values exceeding 100 have been found in periurban streams and the Eure tributary. Based on the MPI spatial distribution, the Seine River Basin displays a wide range of anthropogenic impacts linked to variations in population density, stream order, wastewater discharges and industrial activities. Correlations between the MPI and other trace elements indicate that anthropogenic impacts also strongly affect the concentrations of Ag, Sb, and P, marginally affect the concentrations of Ba, Ni, and Cr, and appear to have little effect on the concentrations of Li, Be, V, Co, and the major elements. Temporal MPI trends can also be reconstituted from past regulatory surveys. In the early 1980s, MPI were 2-5 times higher than nowadays at most locations, particularly downstream of Greater Paris where it reached levels as high as 250 (now 40), a value characteristic of present Paris urban sewage. The exceptional contamination of the Seine basin is gradually improving over the last 20 years but remains very high. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CNRS, UMR 6532, ETM Hydrasa Limoges, Equipe Dynam, F-8700 Limoges, France. CNRS, UMR 1367, Lab Sisyphe, F-75005 Paris, France. US Geol Survey, Peachtree Business Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. RP Grosbois, C (reprint author), CNRS, UMR 6532, ETM Hydrasa Limoges, Equipe Dynam, 123 Av Thomas, F-8700 Limoges, France. EM cecile.grosbois@unilim.fr NR 34 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUL 26 PY 2004 VL 328 IS 1-3 BP 219 EP 236 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.01.024 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 841VC UT WOS:000222958700019 PM 15207586 ER PT J AU Welker, TL Congleton, JL AF Welker, TL Congleton, JL TI Oxidative stress in juvenile chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum) SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE oxidative stress; lipid peroxidation; stress response; chinook salmon ID POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; FREE-RADICALS; FOOD LIPIDS; VITAMIN-E; SALAR L; TISSUE; PRODUCTS; DISEASE; ORGANS AB Juvenile chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), were held in 8-11degreesC freshwater, starved for 3 days and subjected to a low-water stressor to determine the relationship between the general stress response and oxidative stress. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels (lipid hydroperoxides) were measured in kidney, liver and brain samples taken at the beginning of the experiment (0-h unstressed controls) and at 6, 24 and 48 h after application of a continuous low-water stressor. Tissue samples were also taken at 48 h from fish that had not been exposed to the stressor (48-h unstressed controls). Exposure to the low-water stressor affected LPO in kidney and brain tissues. In kidney, LPO decreased 6 h after imposition of the stressor; similar but less pronounced decreases also occurred in the liver and brain. At 48 h, LPO increased (in comparison with 6-h stressed tissues) in the kidney and brain. In comparison with 48-h unstressed controls, LPO levels were higher in the kidney and brain of stressed fish. Although preliminary, results suggest that stress can cause oxidative tissue damage in juvenile chinook salmon. Measures of oxidative stress have shown similar responses to stress in mammals; however, further research is needed to determine the extent of the stress-oxidative stress relationship and the underlying physiological mechanisms in fish. C1 Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Welker, TL (reprint author), ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, USDA, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. EM twelker@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1355-557X J9 AQUAC RES JI Aquac. Res. PD JUL 23 PY 2004 VL 35 IS 9 BP 881 EP 887 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2004.01080.x PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 833WL UT WOS:000222371400010 ER PT J AU McGarr, A Fletcher, JB Beeler, NM AF McGarr, A Fletcher, JB Beeler, NM TI Attempting to bridge the gap between laboratory and seismic estimates of fracture energy SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID APPARENT STRESS; 1992 LANDERS; FAULT ZONES; STICK-SLIP; EARTHQUAKE; RUPTURE; FRICTION; DROP; CALIFORNIA; INVERSION AB To investigate the behavior of the fracture energy associated with expanding the rupture zone of an earthquake, we have used the results of a large-scale, biaxial stick-slip friction experiment to set the parameters of an equivalent dynamic rupture model. This model is determined by matching the fault slip, the static stress drop and the apparent stress. After confirming that the fracture energy associated with this model earthquake is in reasonable agreement with corresponding laboratory values, we can use it to determine fracture energies for earthquakes as functions of stress drop, rupture velocity and fault slip. If we take account of the state of stress at seismogenic depths, the model extrapolation to larger fault slips yields fracture energies that agree with independent estimates by others based on dynamic rupture models for large earthquakes. For fixed stress drop and rupture speed, the fracture energy scales linearly with fault slip. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP McGarr, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mcgarr@usgs.gov NR 24 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 23 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 14 AR L14606 DI 10.1029/2004GL020091 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 841FT UT WOS:000222915600002 ER PT J AU Reusser, LJ Bierman, PR Pavich, MJ Zen, EA Larsen, J Finkel, R AF Reusser, LJ Bierman, PR Pavich, MJ Zen, EA Larsen, J Finkel, R TI Rapid late Pleistocene incision of Atlantic passive-margin river gorges SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EROSION THRESHOLDS; BEDROCK INCISION; SEA-LEVEL; TERRACES; CLIMATE; UPLIFT; BE-10; AL-26 AB The direct and secondary effects of rapidly changing climate caused large rivers draining the Atlantic passive margin to incise quickly into bedrock beginning about 35,000 years ago. Measured in samples from bedrock fluvial terraces, 10-beryllium shows that both the Susquehanna and Potomac Rivers incised 10- to 20-meter-deep gorges along steep, convex lower reaches during the last glacial cycle. This short-lived pulse of unusually rapid down-cutting ended by 13,000 to 14,000 years ago. The timing and rate of downcutting are similar on the glaciated Susquehanna and unglaciated Potomac Rivers, indicating that regional changes, not simply glacial meltwater, initiated incision. C1 Univ Vermont, Dept Geol, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. Univ Vermont, Sch Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Reusser, LJ (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Geol, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. EM lreusser@uvm.edu NR 33 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 23 PY 2004 VL 305 IS 5683 BP 499 EP 502 DI 10.1126/science.1097780 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 840AH UT WOS:000222828900034 PM 15273389 ER PT J AU Duvall, A Kirby, E Burbank, D AF Duvall, A Kirby, E Burbank, D TI Tectonic and lithologic controls on bedrock channel profiles and processes in coastal California SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article DE bedrock rivers; neotectonics; fluvial geomorphology ID TRIPLE JUNCTION REGION; DRAINAGE-BASIN EVOLUTION; RIVER INCISION; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; FLUVIAL INCISION; MOUNTAIN-RANGES; STREAM-POWER; ROCK-UPLIFT; OROGRAPHIC PRECIPITATION; LONGITUDINAL PROFILES AB [ 1] Recent theoretical models suggest that topographic characteristics of bedrock channels are products of interactions among tectonics, substrate resistance, and the climatically modulated erosive ability of the river. The degree to which these factors influence the form of channel profiles is poorly quantified at present. Here we investigate bedrock channels developed across the southern flank of the Santa Ynez Mountains, California. Uniform climate and systematic variations in lithology and rock uplift rate along the range allow comparison of channel morphology between ( 1) channels eroding rocks of uniform and nonuniform strength and ( 2) channels experiencing differences in tectonic forcing. We combine field observations, surveys, and analysis of digital data to determine topographic and hydraulic characteristics of bedrock channels. At a constant rock uplift rate, streams flowing from resistant to less resistant bedrock exhibit highly concave profiles and increased gradients along lower reaches relative to channels developed in uniform bedrock. These effects are interpreted as responses to ( 1) an increase in substrate resistance to channel incision in the upper reaches and ( 2) transport-limited gradients along lower reaches. Comparisons of channels developed across uniform lithology but experiencing an approximately sevenfold difference in rock uplift rate reveal an approximately twofold increase in gradient and an approximately threefold decrease in width. In this landscape the combined channel adjustments of gradient and width are consistent with a fluvial incision model in which channel incision rate is linearly proportional to mean bed shear stress. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geol Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93111 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Duvall, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 973,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM aduvall@usgs.gov; ekirby@geosc.psu.edu; burbank@crustal.ucsb.edu NR 68 TC 169 Z9 175 U1 0 U2 43 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD JUL 20 PY 2004 VL 109 IS F3 AR F03002 DI 10.1029/2003JF000086 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 863OX UT WOS:000224572500001 ER PT J AU Ramsey, M Dehn, J AF Ramsey, M Dehn, J TI Spaceborne observations of the 2000 Bezymianny, Kamchatka eruption: the integration of high-resolution ASTER data into near real-time monitoring using AVHRR SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fall Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY DEC 10-14, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Geophys Union DE bezymianny volcano; ASTER; AVHRR; eruption; Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) ID REFLECTION RADIOMETER ASTER; INFRARED MULTISPECTRAL SCANNER; THERMAL EMISSION; EFFUSION RATES; SATELLITE DATA; UNZEN VOLCANO; LAVA FLOWS; EMPLACEMENT; TEMPERATURE; DOME AB Since its launch in December 1999, the Advanced Spacebome Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) instrument has been observing over 1300 of the world's volcanoes during the day and night and at different times of the year. At the onset of an eruption, the temporal frequency of these regularly scheduled observations can be increased to as little as 1-3 days at higher latitudes. However, even this repeat time is not sufficient for near real-time monitoring, which is on the order of minutes to hours using poorer spatial resolution (>1 km/pixel) instruments. The eruption of Bezymianny Volcano (Kamchatkan Peninsula, Russia) in March 2000 was detected by the Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) and also initiated an increased observation frequency for ASTER. A complete framework of the eruptive cycle from April 2000 to January 2001 was established, with the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data used to monitor the large eruptions and produce the average yearly background state for the volcano. Twenty, nearly cloud-free ASTER scenes (2 days and 18 nights) show large thermal anomalies covering tens to hundreds of pixels and reveal both the actively erupting and restive (background) state of the volcano. ASTER short-wave infrared (SWIR) and thermal infrared (TIR) data were also used to validate the recovered kinetic temperatures from the larger AVHRR pixels, as well as map the volcanic products and monitor the thermal features on the summit dome and surrounding small pyroclastic flows. These anomalies increase to greater than 90 degreesC prior to a larger eruption sequence in October 2000. In addition, ASTER has the first multispectral spaceborne TIR capability, which allowed for the modeling of micrometer-scale surface roughness (vesicularity) on the active lava dome. Where coupled with ongoing operational monitoring programs like those at AVO, ASTER data become extremely useful in discrimination of small surface targets in addition to providing enhanced volcanic mapping capabilities. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Alaska Volcano Observ, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Ramsey, M (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, 200 SRCC Bldg, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM ramsey@ivis.eps.pitt.edu RI Ramsey, Michael/D-9183-2013 NR 57 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 135 IS 1-2 BP 127 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2003.12.014 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 836FQ UT WOS:000222541500008 ER PT J AU Belchansky, GI Douglas, DC Mordvintsev, IN Platonov, NG AF Belchansky, GI Douglas, DC Mordvintsev, IN Platonov, NG TI Estimating the time of melt onset and freeze onset over Arctic sea-ice area using active and passive microwave data SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE SSM/I; OKEAN-01; IABP/POLES; brightness temperature; backscattering cross section; surface air temperature; sea-ice type; concentration; melt onset; freeze onset; comparative analysis ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE-RADAR; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; SURFACE; TRENDS; COVER; TEMPERATURES; OSCILLATIONS; SUMMER; SHEET AB Accurate calculation of the time of melt onset, freeze onset, and melt duration over Arctic sea-ice area is crucial for climate and global change studies because it affects accuracy of surface energy balance estimates. This comparative study evaluates several methods used to estimate sea-ice melt and freeze onset dates: (1) the melt onset database derived from SSM/I passive microwave brightness temperatures (T(b)s) using Drobot and Anderson's [J. Geophys. Res. 106 (2001) 24033] Advanced Horizontal Range Algorithm (AHRA) and distributed by the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC); (2) the International Arctic Buoy Program/Polar Exchange at the Sea (IABP/POLES) surface air temperatures (SATs); (3) an elaborated version of the AHRA that uses IABP/POLES to avoid anomalous results (Passive Microwave and Surface Temperature Analysis [PMSTA]); (4) another elaborated version of the AHRA that uses T-b valiance to avoid anomalous results (Mean Differences and Standard Deviation Analysis [MDSDA]); (5) Smith's [J. Geophys. Res. 103 (1998) 27753] vertically polarized Tb algorithm for estimating melt onset in multiyear (MY) ice (SSM/I 19V-37V); and (6) analyses of concurrent backscattering cross section (sigma(o)) and brightness temperature (Tb) from OKEAN-01 satellite series. Melt onset and freeze onset maps were created and compared to understand how the estimates vary between different satellite instruments and methods over different Arctic sea-ice regions. Comparisons were made to evaluate relative sensitivities among the methods to slight adjustments of the Tb calibration coefficients and algorithm threshold values. Compared to the PMSTA method, the AHRA method tended to estimate significantly earlier melt dates, likely caused by the AHRA's susceptibility to prematurely identify melt onset conditions. In contrast, the IABP/POLES surface air temperature data tended to estimate later melt and earlier freeze in all but perennial ice. The MDSDA method was least sensitive to small adjustments of the SMMR-SSM/I inter-satellite calibration coefficients. Differences among methods varied by latitude. Freeze onset dates among methods were most disparate in southern latitudes, and tended to converge northward. Surface air temperatures (IABP/POLES) indicated freeze onset well before the MDSDA method, especially in southern peripheral seas, while PMSTA freeze estimates were generally intermediate. Surface air temperature data estimated latest melt onset dates in southern latitudes, but earliest melt onset in northern latitudes. The PMSTA estimated earliest melt onset dates in southern regions, and converged with the MDSDA northward. Because sea-ice melt and freeze are dynamical transitional processes, differences among these methods are associated with differing sensitivities to changing stages of environmental and physical development. These studies contribute to the growing body of documentation about the levels of disparity obtained when Arctic seasonal transition parameters are estimated using various types of microwave data and algorithms. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Ecol & Evolut, Space Monitoring & Ecoinformat Syst Sector, Moscow 119071, Russia. US Geol Survey, USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Douglas, AK 99824 USA. RP Belchansky, GI (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Ecol & Evolut, Space Monitoring & Ecoinformat Syst Sector, Leninsky Prospect 33, Moscow 119071, Russia. EM belchans@eimb.ac.ru; david-douglas@usgs.gov NR 29 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 1 BP 21 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2004.05.001 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 842EL UT WOS:000222985900002 ER PT J AU Griffis, VW Stedinger, JR Cohn, TA AF Griffis, VW Stedinger, JR Cohn, TA TI Log Pearson type 3 quantile estimators with regional skew information and low outlier adjustments SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bulletin 17B; censored data; conditional probability adjustment; expected moments; floods; log Pearson type 3 ID FLOOD FREQUENCY-ANALYSIS; WATER-QUALITY DATA; CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; PALEOFLOOD DATA; DESIGN FLOODS; MOMENTS; COEFFICIENT; STATISTICS; ALGORITHM; EVENTS AB The recently developed expected moments algorithm (EMA) [Cohn et al., 1997] does as well as maximum likelihood estimations at estimating log-Pearson type 3 (LP3) flood quantiles using systematic and historical flood information. Needed extensions include use of a regional skewness estimator and its precision to be consistent with Bulletin 17B. Another issue addressed by Bulletin 17B is the treatment of low outliers. A Monte Carlo study compares the performance of Bulletin 17B using the entire sample with and without regional skew with estimators that use regional skew and censor low outliers, including an extended EMA estimator, the conditional probability adjustment (CPA) from Bulletin 17B, and an estimator that uses probability plot regression (PPR) to compute substitute values for low outliers. Estimators that neglect regional skew information do much worse than estimators that use an informative regional skewness estimator. For LP3 data the low outlier rejection procedure generally results in no loss of overall accuracy, and the differences between the MSEs of the estimators that used an informative regional skew are generally modest in the skewness range of real interest. Samples contaminated to model actual flood data demonstrate that estimators which give special treatment to low outliers significantly outperform estimators that make no such adjustment. C1 Cornell Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Griffis, VW (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Hollister Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM vlw7@cornell.edu; jrs5@cornell.edu; tacohn@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 40 IS 7 AR W07503 DI 10.1029/2003WR002697 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 839QR UT WOS:000222800100002 ER PT J AU Finkelman, RB AF Finkelman, RB TI Potential health impacts of burning coal beds and waste banks SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Coal Fires Burning Around the World CY FEB 18, 2003 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Assoc Advancement Sci DE uncontrolled burning; coal beds; coal waste banks; health problems ID LUNG-CANCER; XUAN-WEI; CHINA; POLLUTION AB Uncontrolled release of pollutants from burning coal beds and waste banks presents potential environmental and human health hazards. On a global scale, the emissions of large volumes of greenhouse gases from bunting coal beds may contribute to climate change that alters ecosystems and patterns of disease occurrence. On regional and local scales, the emissions from burning coal beds and waste banks of acidic gases, particulates, organic compounds, and trace elements can contribute to a range of respiratory and other human health problems. Although there are few published reports of health problems caused by these emissions, the potential for problems can be significant. In India, large numbers of people have been displaced from their homes because of health problems caused by emissions from burning coal beds. Volatile elements such as arsenic, fluorine, mercury, and selenium are commonly enriched in coal deposits. Burning coal beds can volatilize these elements, which then can be inhaled, or adsorbed on crops and foods, taken up by livestock or bioaccumulated in birds and fish. Some of these elements can condense on dust particles that can be inhaled or ingested. In addition, selenium, arsenic, lead, tin, bismuth, fluorine, and other elements condense where the hot gaseous emissions come in contact with ambient air, forming mats of concentrated efflorescent minerals on the surface of the ground. These mats can be leached by rainwater and washed into local water bodies providing other potential routes of exposure. Although there are little data linking burning coal beds and waste banks to known health problems, a possibly analogous situation exists in rural China where mineralized coal burned in a residential environment has caused widespread and severe health problems such as fluorosis and arseniasis. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Finkelman, RB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 956 Natl Ctr,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM rbf@usgs.gov NR 22 TC 93 Z9 101 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD JUL 12 PY 2004 VL 59 IS 1-2 BP 19 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2003.11.002 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 836EJ UT WOS:000222537900003 ER PT J AU Heffern, EL Coates, DA AF Heffern, EL Coates, DA TI Geologic history of natural coal-bed fires, Powder River basin, USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Coal Fires Burning Around the World CY FEB 18, 2003 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Assoc Advancement Sci DE Powder River basin; coal fields; fission track dating; fires; geomorphologic controls AB Coal-bed fires ignited by natural processes have baked and fused overlying sediments to form clinker, a hard red or varicolored rock, through much of the northern Great Plains of the United States (USA). The gently dipping coal beds in the region burn when regional downwasting brings them above the local water table. The resulting clinker forms a rim along the exposed edge of the coal bed in an ongoing process through geologic time. The resistant clinker is left capping buttes and ridges after the softer unbaked strata erode away. Clinker outcrops cover more than 4100 km(2) in the Powder River basin (PRB), which ties in Wyoming (WY) and Montana (MT). The clinker in place records tens of billions of tons of coal that have burned, releasing gases into the atmosphere. The amount of clinker that has eroded away was at least an order of magnitude greater than the clinker that remains in place. Fission-track and uranium-thorium/helium ages of detrital zircon crystals in clinker, and palcomagnetic ages of clinker, show that coal beds have burned naturally during at least the past 4 million years (Ma). The oldest in-place clinker that has been dated, collected from a high, isolated, clinker-capped ridge, has a fission track age of 2.8 +/- 0.6 Ma. Evidence of erosion and downcutting is also preserved by clinker clasts in gravel terraces. One clinker boulder in a terrace 360 m above the Yellowstone River has a fission track age of 4.0 +/- 0.7 Ma. Coal-bed fires are caused by lightning, wildfires, spontaneous combustion, or human activity on coal outcrops and in mines. Miners, government agencies, and ranchers have extinguished thousands of coal bed fires, but natural ignition continues where fresh coal has access to air. At any given time, hundreds of fires, mostly small, are burning. In the Powder River basin, the total amount of coal burned by natural fires in the last 2 Ma is one to two orders of magnitude greater than the total amount of coal removed by mining in the past century. However, current annual rates of coal mining are three to four orders of magnitude greater than estimated prehistoric annual rates of coal consumption by natural fires. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Bur Land Management, Cheyenne, WY USA. US Geol Survey, Santa Rosa, CA USA. RP Heffern, EL (reprint author), US Bur Land Management, Cheyenne, WY USA. NR 42 TC 54 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD JUL 12 PY 2004 VL 59 IS 1-2 BP 25 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2003.07.002 PG 23 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 836EJ UT WOS:000222537900004 ER PT J AU To, A Burgmann, R Pollitz, F AF To, A Burgmann, R Pollitz, F TI Postseismic deformation and stress changes following the 1819 Rann of Kachchh, India earthquake: Was the 2001 Bhuj earthquake a triggered event? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LAYERED SPHERICAL EARTH; SEISMICITY AB The 2001 M-w 7.6 Bhuj earthquake occurred in an intraplate region with rather unusual active seismicity, including an earlier major earthquake, the 1819 Rann of Kachchh earthquake (M7.7). We examine if static coseismic and transient postseismic deformation following the 1819 earthquake contributed to the enhanced seismicity in the region and the occurrence of the 2001 Bhuj earthquake, similar to100 km away and almost two centuries later. Based on the Indian shield setting, great rupture depth of the 2001 event and lack of significant early postseismic deformation measured following the 2001 event, we infer that little viscous relaxation occurs in the lower crust and choose an upper mantle effective viscosity of 10(19) Pas. The predicted Coulomb failure stress (DCFS) on the rupture plane of the 2001 event increased by more than 0.1 bar at 20 km depth, which is a small but possibly significant amount. Stress change from the 1819 event may have also affected the occurrence of other historic earthquakes in this region. We also evaluate the postseismic deformation and DeltaCFS in this region due to the 2001 event. Positive DeltaCFS from the 2001 event occur to the NW and SE of the Bhuj earthquake rupture. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Seismol Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP To, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 215 McCone Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM toh@seismo.berkeley.edu NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 7 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 13 AR L13609 DI 10.1029/2004GL020220 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 837RQ UT WOS:000222654100005 ER PT J AU Smith-Vaniz, WF AF Smith-Vaniz, WF TI Descriptions of six new species of jawfishes (Opistognathidae : Opistognathus) from Australia SO RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM LA English DT Article ID PISCES AB Descriptions of six new species of Australian jawfishes (genus Opistognathus) are presented: O. alleni n.sp. (Western Australia), O. seminudus n.sp. (Great Barrier Reef), O. stigmosus n.sp. (Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea Plateau), O. elizabethensis n.sp. (Tasman Sea, Elizabeth Reef), O. verecundus n.sp. (northern Australia), and O. reticeps n.sp. (northern Australia). The nominal genus Tandya Whitley is discussed and provisionally synonymized with Opistognathus Cuvier. An identification key to all Australian jawfishes is provided. C1 US Geol Survey, Ctr Aquat Resources Studies, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. RP Smith-Vaniz, WF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Aquat Resources Studies, 412 NE 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. EM bill_smith-vaniz@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM PI SYDNEY PA 6 COLLEGE ST, SYDNEY, NSW 2010, AUSTRALIA SN 0067-1975 J9 REC AUST MUS JI Rec. Aust. Mus. PD JUL 7 PY 2004 VL 56 IS 2 BP 209 EP 224 PG 16 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 863QS UT WOS:000224577400012 ER PT J AU Dickinson, JE Hanson, RT Ferre, TPA Leake, SA AF Dickinson, JE Hanson, RT Ferre, TPA Leake, SA TI Inferring time-varying recharge from inverse analysis of long-term water levels SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE aquifer; groundwater; inverse method; periodic; recharge; water level ID AQUIFERS AB [1] Water levels in aquifers typically vary in response to time-varying rates of recharge, suggesting the possibility of inferring time-varying recharge rates on the basis of long-term water level records. Presumably, in the southwestern United States ( Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico, southern California, and southern Utah), rates of mountain front recharge to alluvial aquifers depend on variations in precipitation rates due to known climate cycles such as the El Nino-Southern Oscillation index and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. This investigation examined the inverse application of a one-dimensional analytical model for periodic flow described by Lloyd R. Townley in 1995 to estimate periodic recharge variations on the basis of variations in long-term water level records using southwest aquifers as the case study. Time-varying water level records at various locations along the flow line were obtained by simulation of forward models of synthetic basins with applied sinusoidal recharge of either a single period or composite of multiple periods of length similar to known climate cycles. Periodic water level components, reconstructed using singular spectrum analysis (SSA), were used to calibrate the analytical model to estimate each recharge component. The results demonstrated that periodic recharge estimates were most accurate in basins with nearly uniform transmissivity and the accuracy of the recharge estimates depends on monitoring well location. A case study of the San Pedro Basin, Arizona, is presented as an example of calibrating the analytical model to real data. C1 US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. RP Dickinson, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 520 N Park St,Suite 221, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM jdickins@usgs.gov RI Dickinson, Jesse/I-7177-2016 OI Dickinson, Jesse/0000-0002-0048-0839 NR 37 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL 7 PY 2004 VL 40 IS 7 AR W07403 DI 10.1029/2003WR002650 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 837TC UT WOS:000222658300004 ER PT J AU Domagalski, JL Alpers, CN Slotton, DG Suchanek, TH Ayers, SM AF Domagalski, JL Alpers, CN Slotton, DG Suchanek, TH Ayers, SM TI Mercury and methylmercury concentrations and loads in the Cache Creek watershed, California SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE mercury; methylmercury; abandoned mines; water quality ID SACRAMENTO RIVER-BASIN AB Concentrations and loads of total mercury and methylmercury were measured in streams draining abandoned mercury mines and in the proximity of geothermal discharge in the Cache Creek watershed of California during a 17-month period from January 2000 through May 2001. Rainfall and runoff were lower than long-term averages during the study period. The greatest loading of mercury and methylmercury from upstream sources to downstream receiving waters, such as San Francisco Bay, generally occurred during or after winter rainfall events. During the study period, loads of mercury and methylmercury from geothermal sources tended to be greater than those from abandoned mining areas, a pattern attributable to the lack of large precipitation events capable of mobilizing significant amounts of either mercury-laden sediment or dissolved mercury and methylmercury from mine waste. Streambed sediments of Cache Creek are a significant source of mercury and methylmercury to downstream receiving bodies of water. Much of the mercury in these sediments is the result of deposition over the last 100-150 years by either storm-water runoff, from abandoned mines, or continuous discharges from geothermal areas. Several geochemical constituents were useful as natural tracers for mining and geothermal areas, including the aqueous concentrations of boron, chloride, lithium and sulfate, and the stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in water. Stable isotopes of water in areas draining geothermal discharges showed a distinct trend toward enrichment of O-18 compared with meteoric waters, whereas much of the runoff from abandoned mines indicated a stable isotopic pattern more consistent with local meteoric water. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. RP Domagalski, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Placer Hall,6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM joed@usgs.gov OI Alpers, Charles/0000-0001-6945-7365 NR 25 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 6 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUL 5 PY 2004 VL 327 IS 1-3 BP 215 EP 237 DI 10.1016/j.sciotenv.2004.01.013 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 830WP UT WOS:000222155200017 PM 15172583 ER PT J AU Cahill, JD Furlong, ET Burkhardt, MR Kolpin, D Anderson, LG AF Cahill, JD Furlong, ET Burkhardt, MR Kolpin, D Anderson, LG TI Determination of pharmaceutical compounds in surface- and ground-water samples by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE water analysis; environmental analysis; drugs ID DRINKING-WATER; CLOFIBRIC ACID; DRUG RESIDUES; WASTE-WATER; SEWAGE; CONTAMINANTS AB Commonly used prescription and over-the-counter pharmaceuticals are possibly present in surface- and ground-water samples at ambient concentrations less than 1 mug/L. In this report, the performance characteristics of a combined solid-phase extraction isolation and high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) analytical procedure for routine determination of the presence and concentration of human-health pharmaceuticals are described. This method was developed and used in a recent national reconnaissance of pharmaceuticals in USA surface waters. The selection of pharmaceuticals evaluated for this method was based on usage estimates, resulting in a method that contains compounds from diverse chemical classes, which presents challenges and compromises when applied as a single routine analysis. The method performed well for the majority of the 22 pharmaceuticals evaluated, with recoveries greater than 60% for 12 pharmaceuticals. The recoveries of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, a histamine (H2) receptor antagonist, and antihypoglycemic compound classes were less than 50%, but were retained in the method to provide information describing the potential presence of these compounds in environmental samples and to indicate evidence of possible matrix enhancing effects. Long-term recoveries, evaluated from reagent-water fortifications processed over 2 years, were similar to initial method performance. Method detection limits averaged 0.022 mug/L, sufficient for expected ambient concentrations. Compound-dependent matrix effects on HPLC/ESI-MS analysis, including enhancement and suppression of ionization, were observed as a 20-30% increase in measured concentrations for three compounds and greater than 50% increase for two compounds. Changing internal standard and more frequent ESI source maintenance minimized matrix effects. Application of the method in the national survey demonstrates that several pharmaceuticals are routinely detected at 0.010-0.100 mug/L concentrations. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem, Denver, CO 80217 USA. RP Furlong, ET (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046,MS 407, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM efurlong@usgs.gov RI Furlong, Edward/C-3999-2011 OI Furlong, Edward/0000-0002-7305-4603 NR 18 TC 196 Z9 200 U1 5 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JUL 2 PY 2004 VL 1041 IS 1-2 BP 171 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.04.005 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 832RN UT WOS:000222284700019 PM 15281266 ER PT J AU Battaglia, J Thurber, CH Got, JL Rowe, CA White, RA AF Battaglia, J Thurber, CH Got, JL Rowe, CA White, RA TI Precise relocation of earthquakes following the 15 June 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo (Philippines) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE tectonic seismicity; relocation technique; volcanic eruption ID CROSS-SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS; MAGMA INTRUSION PROCESS; KILAUEA VOLCANO; ST-HELENS; RELATIVE RELOCATION; FAULT STRUCTURE; SEISMICITY; CALIFORNIA; CALDERA; MICROEARTHQUAKES AB [1] The 15 June 1991 climactic eruption of Mount Pinatubo ( Philippines) was followed by intense seismicity that remained at a high level for several months. We located 10,839 events recorded between 1 July and mid-December 1991. In contrast to the preeruptive seismicity which was focused in two groups below the summit area, posteruptive events were widely distributed below and around the volcano. The classification of the events indicates the presence of several large multiplets, and the application of relative relocation techniques to the similar events by calculating high-precision delays between traces outlines a number of clear seismogenic structures. We used different methods to confirm the validity of our results; these tests indicate that reliable features can be detected with a small monitoring network. While the main cluster of activity can be attributed to an intrusive process starting from below the 15 June crater, the volcanic origin of the seismic activity in the other areas is more difficult to establish. Away from the summit, relocations define streaks or planes which are oriented predominantly southwest-northeast, with in several cases the presence of northwest-southeast conjugate structures. Most of the composite focal mechanisms that we could determine indicate predominantly strike-slip, right-lateral faulting. Our results indicate that most of the seismicity that occurred after the 15 June eruption is related to the east-west regional compressional stress field related to the subduction. We suggest that the regional stress field induces seismicity along new or preexisting faults in the medium surrounding the volcano where the stress field was locally disturbed by the volcanic eruption. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Savoie, LGIT, F-73376 Le Bourget Du Lac, France. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Battaglia, J (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, 1215 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM battag@geology.wisc.edu; clifft@geology.wisc.edu; jean-luc.got@univ-savoie.fr; char@lanl.gov; rwhite@usgs.gov NR 52 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUL 2 PY 2004 VL 109 IS B7 AR B07302 DI 10.1029/2003JB002959 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 839KB UT WOS:000222781700003 ER PT J AU Schwab, M Ratschbacher, L Siebel, W McWilliams, M Minaev, V Lutkov, V Chen, FK Stanek, K Nelson, B Frisch, W Wooden, JL AF Schwab, M Ratschbacher, L Siebel, W McWilliams, M Minaev, V Lutkov, V Chen, FK Stanek, K Nelson, B Frisch, W Wooden, JL TI Assembly of the Pamirs: Age and origin of magmatic belts from the southern Tien Shan to the southern Pamirs and their relation to Tibet SO TECTONICS LA English DT Article DE Pamirs; Tibet; continental tectonics; magmatism; geochronology; geochemistry ID U-PB GEOCHRONOLOGY; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; NORTHERN TIBET; ZIRCON AGES; GEODYNAMIC SIGNIFICANCE; ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY; DONQIAO OPHIOLITE; WESTERN KUNLUN; CENTRAL CHINA; CENTRAL-ASIA AB [1] Magmatic rocks and depositional setting of associated volcaniclastic strata along a north-south traverse spanning the southern Tien Shan and eastern Pamirs of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan constrain the tectonics of the Pamirs and Tibet. The northern Pamirs and northwestern Tibet contain the north facing Kunlun suture, the south facing Jinsha suture, and the intervening Carboniferous to Triassic Karakul - Mazar subduction accretion system; the latter is correlated with the Songpan-Garze - Hoh Xi system of Tibet. The Kunlun arc is a composite early Paleozoic to late Paleozoic-Triassic arc. Arc formation in the Pamirs is characterized by similar to 370 - 320 Ma volcanism that probably continued until the Triassic. The cryptic Tanymas suture of the southern northern Pamirs is part of the Jinsha suture. A massive similar to less than or equal to 227 Ma batholith stitches the Karakul - Mazar complex in the Pamirs. There are striking similarities between the Qiangtang block in the Pamirs and Tibet. Like Tibet, the regional structure of the Pamirs is an anticlinorium that includes the Muskol and Sares domes. Like Tibet, the metamorphic rocks in these domes are equivalents to the Karakul - Mazar - Songpan-Garze system. Granitoids intruding the Qiangtang block yield similar to 200 - 230 Ma ages in the Pamirs and in central Tibet. The stratigraphy of the eastern Pshart area in the Pamirs is similar to the Bangong-Nujiang suture zone in the Amdo region of eastern central Tibet, but a Triassic ocean basin sequence is preserved in the Pamirs. Arc-type granitoids that intruded into the eastern Pshart oceanic-basin - arc sequence ( similar to 190 - 160 Ma) and granitoids that cut the southern Qiangtang block ( similar to 170 - 160 Ma) constitute the Rushan-Pshart arc. Cretaceous plutons that intruded the central and southern Pamirs record a long-lasting magmatic history. Their zircons and those from late Miocene xenoliths show that the most distinct magmatic events were Cambro-Ordovician ( similar to 410 - 575 Ma), Triassic ( similar to 210 - 250 Ma; likely due to subduction along the Jinsha suture), Middle Jurassic ( similar to 147 - 195 Ma; subduction along Rushan-Pshart suture), and mainly Cretaceous. Middle and Late Cretaceous magmatism may reflect arc activity in Asia prior to the accretion of the Karakoram block and flat-slab subduction along the Shyok suture north of the Kohistan-Ladakh arc, respectively. Before India and Asia collided, the Pamir region from the Indus-Yarlung to the Jinsha suture was an Andean-style plate margin. Our analysis suggests a relatively simple crustal structure for the Pamirs and Tibet. From the Kunlun arc in the north to the southern Qiangtang block in the south the Pamirs and Tibet likely have a dominantly sedimentary crust, characterized by Karakul-Mazar Songpan-Garze accretionary wedge rocks. The crust south of the southern Qiangtang block is likely of granodioritic composition, reflecting long-lived subduction, arc formation, and Cretaceous-Cenozoic underthrusting. C1 Univ Tubingen, Inst Geowissensch, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. Tech Univ Bergakad Freiberg, Inst Geowissensch, D-09599 Freiberg, Germany. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Tajik Acad Sci, Inst Geol, Dushanbe 734063, Tajikistan. Univ Washington, Dept Geol Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 90425 USA. RP Schwab, M (reprint author), Univ Tubingen, Inst Geowissensch, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. EM lothar@geo.tu-freiberg.de RI McWilliams, Michael/A-9548-2011 OI McWilliams, Michael/0000-0002-4107-7069 NR 67 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 4 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0278-7407 J9 TECTONICS JI Tectonics PD JUL 2 PY 2004 VL 23 IS 4 AR TC4002 DI 10.1029/2003TC001583 PG 31 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 839OL UT WOS:000222794300002 ER PT J AU Peng, SL Wen, J Guo, QF AF Peng, SL Wen, J Guo, QF TI Mechanism and active variety of allelochemicals SO ACTA BOTANICA SINICA LA English DT Review DE allelopathy; active variety; functional mechanism ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; SEED-GERMINATION; WEED MANAGEMENT; ALLELOPATHIC ACTIVITY; PHENOLIC-ACIDS; CHINESE FIR; GROWTH; WHEAT; RICE; INTERFERENCE AB This article summarizes allelochemicals' active variety, its potential causes and function mechanisms. Allelochemicals' activity varies with temperature, photoperiod, water and soils during natural processes, with its initial concentration, compound structure and mixed degree during functional processes, with plant accessions, tissues and maturity within-species, and with research techniques and operation processes. The prospective developmental aspects of allelopathy studies in the future are discussed. Future research should focus on: (1) to identify and purify allelochemicals more effectively, especially for agriculture, (2) the functions of allelopathy at the molecular structure level, (3) using allelopathy to explain plant species interactions, (4) allelopathy as a driving force of succession, and (5) the significance of allelopathy in the evolutionary processes. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, S China Inst Bot, Guangzhou 510650, Peoples R China. US Geol Survey, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. Zhongshan Univ, Sch Life Sci, State Key Lab Biocontrol, Guangzhou 510275, Peoples R China. RP Peng, SL (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, S China Inst Bot, Guangzhou 510650, Peoples R China. EM lsspsl@zsu.edu.cn NR 102 TC 19 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 10 PU SCIENCE CHINA PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1672-6650 J9 ACTA BOT SIN JI Acta Bot. Sin. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 46 IS 7 BP 757 EP 766 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 839UR UT WOS:000222810900001 ER PT J AU Frantz, JM Pinnock, D Klassen, S Bugbee, B AF Frantz, JM Pinnock, D Klassen, S Bugbee, B TI Rice - Characterizing the environmental response of a gibberellic acid-deficient rice for use as a model crop SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; SORGHUM-BICOLOR; GENOME SEQUENCE; LEAF APPEARANCE; DRAFT SEQUENCE; YIELD; WHEAT; GROWTH; CO2 AB Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a useful model crop plant. Rice was the first crop plant to have its complete genome sequenced. Unfortunately, even semidwarf rice cultivars are 60 to 90 cm tall, and large plant populations cannot be grown in the confined volumes of greenhouses and growth chambers. We recently identified an extremely short (20 cm tall) rice line, which is an ideal model for larger rice cultivars. We called this line 'Super Dwarf' rice. Here we report the response of Super Dwarf to temperature, photoperiod, photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), and factors that can affect time to head emergence. Vegetative biomass increased 6% per degree Celsius, with increasing temperature from 27 to 31degreesC. Seed yield decreased by 2% per degree Celsius rise in temperature, and as a result, harvest index decreased from 60 to 54%. The time to heading increased by 2 d for every hour above a 12-h photoperiod. Yield increased with increasing PPF up to the highest level tested at 1800 mumol m(-1) s(-1) (12-h photoperiod; 77.8 mol m(-2) d(-1)). Yield efficiency (grams per mole of photons) increased to 900 mumol m(-1) s(-1) and then slightly decreased at 1800 mumol m(-1) s(-1). Heading was delayed by addition of gibberellic acid 3 (GA(3)) to the root zone but was hastened under mild N stress. Overall, short stature, high yield, high harvest index, and no extraordinary environmental requirements make Super Dwarf rice an excellent model plant for yield studies in controlled environments. C1 Univ Toledo, USDA ARS, ATRU, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Crop Physiol Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv Off, State Coll, PA 16801 USA. RP Univ Toledo, USDA ARS, ATRU, Mail Stop 604,2801 W Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. EM jonathan.frantz@utoledo.edu RI bugbee, bruce/I-5008-2012 NR 56 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 96 IS 4 BP 1172 EP 1181 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 843MV UT WOS:000223088900029 ER PT J AU Allen, CR Epperson, DM Garmestani, AS AF Allen, CR Epperson, DM Garmestani, AS TI Red imported fire ant impacts on wildlife: A decade of research SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID EAST-CENTRAL TEXAS; TORTOISES GOPHERUS-POLYPHEMUS; SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; NORTHERN BOBWHITE; SMALL MAMMALS; NATURAL ENEMIES; BAIOMYS-TAYLORI; SOUTH TEXAS; COTTON RATS; PREDATION AB The negative impacts of biological invasion arc! economically and ecologically significant and, while incompletely quantified, they are clearly substantial. Ants (family Formicidae) are an important, although often overlooked, component of many terrestrial ecosystems. Six species of ants are especially striking in their global ability to invade, and their impacts. This paper focuses on the impacts of the most destructive of those species, the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta), and focuses on impacts on native vertebrates. Red imported fire ants often become the dominant ant species in infested areas outside of their native range due to their aggressive foraging behavior, high reproductive capability and lack of predators and/or other strong competitors. The evidence suggests that mammals, birds and herpetofauna are vulnerable to negative impacts from fire ants, and some species are more likely to experience negative population-level impacts than other species. Assessing the ecological impacts of fire ants on wild animal populations is logistically difficult, and very few studies have combined replicated experimental manipulation with adequate spatial (> 10 ha) and temporal (>1 y) scale. Thus, most studies have been observational, opportunistic, small-scale or 'natural' experiments. However, significant research, including an increase in experimental and mechanistic investigations, has occurred during the past decade, and this has led to information that can lead to better management. of potentially affected species. C1 Clemson Univ, USGS, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Program Policy Studies, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Allen, CR (reprint author), Clemson Univ, USGS, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM allencr@clemson.edu NR 76 TC 89 Z9 108 U1 4 U2 48 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 152 IS 1 BP 88 EP 103 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2004)152[0088:RIFAIO]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 836OB UT WOS:000222564100008 ER PT J AU Francy, DS Simmons, OD Ware, MW Granger, EJ Sobsey, MD Schaefer, FW AF Francy, DS Simmons, OD Ware, MW Granger, EJ Sobsey, MD Schaefer, FW TI Effects of seeding procedures and water quality on recovery of Cryptosporidium oocysts from stream water by using US environmental protection agency method 1623 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION; PARVUM OOCYSTS; DRINKING-WATER; GIARDIA; SAMPLES; ULTRAFILTRATION; VARIABLES; SUPPLIES AB U.S. Environmental Protection Agency method 1623 is widely used to monitor source waters and drinking water supplies for Cryptosporidium oocysts. Matrix spikes, used to determine the effect of the environmental matrix on the method's recovery efficiency for the target organism, require the collection and analysis of two environmental samples, one for analysis of endemic oocysts and the other for analysis of recovery efficiency. A new product, ColorSeed, enables the analyst to determine recovery efficiency by using modified seeded oocysts that can be differentiated from endemic organisms in a single sample. Twenty-nine stream water samples and one untreated effluent sample from a cattle feedlot were collected in triplicate to compare modified seeding procedures to conventional seeding procedures that use viable, unmodified oocysts. Significant negative correlations were found between the average oocyst recovery and turbidity or suspended sediment; this was especially apparent in samples with turbidities greater than 100 nephelometric turbidity units and suspended sediment concentrations greater than 100 mg/liter. Cryptosporidium oocysts were found in 16.7% of the unseeded environmental samples, and concentrations, adjusted for recoveries, ranged from 4 to 80 oocysts per 10 liters. Determining recovery efficiency also provided data to calculate detection limits; these ranged from <2 to <215 oocysts per 10 liters. Recoveries of oocysts ranged from 2.0 to 61% for viable oocysts and from 3.0 to 59% for modified oocysts. The recoveries between the two seeding procedures were highly correlated (r = 0.802) and were not significantly different. Recoveries by using modified oocysts, therefore, were comparable to recoveries by using conventional seeding procedures. C1 US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Francy, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, 6480 Doubletree Ave, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. EM dsfrancy@usgs.gov NR 38 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 70 IS 7 BP 4118 EP 4128 DI 10.1128/AEM.70.7.4118-4128.2004 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 839BP UT WOS:000222758600044 PM 15240291 ER PT J AU Whitman, RL Nevers, MB Korinek, GC Byappanahalli, MN AF Whitman, RL Nevers, MB Korinek, GC Byappanahalli, MN TI Solar and temporal effects on Escherichia coli concentration at a lake Michigan swimming beach SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FECAL INDICATOR BACTERIA; SUNLIGHT INACTIVATION; CLADOPHORA CHLOROPHYTA; ESTUARINE WATERS; NEARSHORE WATER; SURVIVAL; SEAWATER; ENTEROCOCCI; FRESH; SAND AB Studies on solar inactivation of Escherichia coli in freshwater and in situ have been limited. At 63rd St. Beach, Chicago, Ill., factors influencing the daily periodicity of culturable E. coli, particularly insolation, were examined. Water samples for E. coli analysis were collected twice daily between April and September 2000 three times a week along five transects in two depths of water. Hydrometeorological conditions were continuously logged: UV radiation, total insolation, wind speed and direction, wave height, and relative lake level. On 10 days, transects were sampled hourly from 0700 to 1500 h. The effect of sunlight on E. coli inactivation was evaluated with dark and transparent in situ mesocosms and ambient lake water. For the study, the number of E. coli samples collected (n) was 2,676. During sunny days, E. coli counts decreased exponentially with day length and exposure to insolation, but on cloudy days, E. coli inactivation was diminished; the E. coli decay rate was strongly influenced by initial concentration. In situ experiments confirmed that insolation primarily inactivated E. coli; UV radiation only marginally affected E. coli concentration. The relationship between insolation and E. coli density is complicated by relative lake level, wave height, and turbidity, all of which are often products of wind vector. Continuous importation and nighttime replenishment of E. coli were evident. These findings (i) suggest that solar inactivation is an important mechanism for natural reduction of indicator bacteria in large freshwater bodies and (ii) have implications for management strategies of nontidal waters and the use of E. coli as an indicator organism. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Porter, IN 46304 USA. RP Whitman, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1100 N Mineral Springs Rd, Porter, IN 46304 USA. EM richard_whitman@usgs.gov OI Nevers, Meredith/0000-0001-6963-6734 NR 27 TC 113 Z9 117 U1 4 U2 33 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 70 IS 7 BP 4276 EP 4285 DI 10.1128/AEM.70.7.4276-4285.2004 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 839BP UT WOS:000222758600064 PM 15240311 ER PT J AU McCleskey, RB Nordstrom, DK Maest, AS AF McCleskey, RB Nordstrom, DK Maest, AS TI Preservation of water samples for arsenic(III/V) determinations: an evaluation of the literature and new analytical results SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY 2002 CL Denver, CO SP Geol Soc Amer ID NATURAL-WATERS; RAPID OXIDATION; IRON; ARSENITE; GROUNDWATER; SPECIATION; STABILITY; ARSENATE; ACID; INTERFERENCES AB Published literature on preservation procedures for stabilizing aqueous inorganic As(III/V) redox species contains discrepancies. This study critically evaluates published reports on As redox preservation and explains discrepancies in the literature. Synthetic laboratory preservation experiments and time stability experiments were conducted for natural water samples from several field sites. Any field collection procedure that filters out microorganisms, adds a reagent that prevents dissolved Fe and Mn oxidation and precipitation, and isolates the sample from solar radiation will preserve the As(III/V) ratio. Reagents that prevent Fe and Mn oxidation and precipitation include HCl, H2SO4, and EDTA, although extremely high concentrations of EDTA are necessary for some water samples high in Fe. Photo catalyzed Fe(III) reduction causes As(III) oxidation; however, storing the sample in the dark prevents photochemical reactions. Furthermore, the presence of Fe(II) or SO4 inhibits the oxidation of As(III) by Fe(Ill) because of complexation reactions and competing reactions with free radicals. Consequently, fast abiotic As(Ill) oxidation reactions observed in the laboratory are not observed in natural water samples for one or more of the following reasons: (1) the As redox species have already stabilized, (2) most natural waters contain very low dissolved Fe(III) concentrations,, (3) the As(III) oxidation caused by Fe(III) photoreduction is inhibited by Fe(II) or SO4. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Buka Environm, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. RP Nordstrom, DK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E 127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM dkn@usgs.gov OI McCleskey, Richard/0000-0002-2521-8052 NR 84 TC 112 Z9 113 U1 2 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 19 IS 7 BP 995 EP 1009 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.01.003 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 820DV UT WOS:000221368100003 ER PT J AU Piatak, NM Seal, RR Hammarstrom, JM AF Piatak, NM Seal, RR Hammarstrom, JM TI Mineralogical and geochemical controls on the release of trace elements from slag produced by base- and precious-metal smelting at abandoned mine sites SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY 2002 CL Denver, CO SP Geol Soc Amer ID PHASE-RELATIONS; COPPER SLAGS; HEAVY-METALS; LEAD; MOBILIZATION; DUMPS AB Slag collected from smelter sites associated with historic base-metal mines contains elevated concentrations of trace elements such as Cu. Zn and Pb. Weathering of slag piles, many of which were deposited along stream banks, potentially may release these trace elements into the environment. Slags were sampled from the Ely and Elizabeth mines in the Vermont copper belt, from the copper Basin mining district at Ducktown, Tennessee and from the Clayton silver mine in the Bayhorse mining district, Idaho, in the USA. Primary phases in the slags include: olivine-group minerals, class. spinels, Sulfide minerals and native metals for Vermont samples; glass, sulfide minerals and native metals for the Duck-town sample;, and olivine-group minerals, clinopyroxenes, spinels, sulfide minerals, native metals and other unidentified metallic compounds for Clayton slag. Olivine-group minerals and pyroxenes Lire dominantly fayalitic and hedenbergitic in composition, respectively and contain up to 1.25 wt.%, ZnO. Spinel minerals range between magnetite and hercynite in composition and contain Zn (up to 2.07 wt.% ZnO), Ti (up to 4.25 wt.% TiO2) and Cr (up to 1.39 wt.% Cr2O3). Cobalt, Ni, Cu, As, Ag, Sb and Pb occur in the glass phase, sulfides, metallic phases and unidentified metallic compounds. Bulk slab trace-element chemistry shows that the metals of the Vermont and Tennessee slags are dominated by Cu (1900-13,500 mg/kg) and Zn (2310-10,200 mg/kg), whereas the Clayton slag is dominated by Pb (63,000 mg/kg), Zn (19,700 mg/kg), Cu (7550 mg/kg), As (555 mg/kg), Sn (363 mg/kg) and Ag (200 mg/kg). Laboratory-based leach tests indicate metals can be released under simulated natural conditions. Leachates from most slags were found to contain elevated concentrations of Cu and Zn (up to 1800 and 470 mug/l, respectively), well in excess of the acute toxicity guidelines for aquatic life. For the Idaho slag, the concentration of Pb in the leachate (11,000 mug/l) is also in excess of the acute toxicity guideline. Geochemical modeling of the leachate chemistry suggests that leachates from the Vermont. Tennessee and Clayton slags are saturated with amorphous silica and Al hydroxide. Therefore, the dissolution of silicate and oxide phases, the oxidation of sulfide phases, as well as the precipitation of secondary phases may control the composition of leachate from slags. The presence of secondary minerals on slag deposits in the field is evidence that these materials are reactive. The petrographic data and results of leaching tests from this study indicate slag may be a source of potentially toxic metals at abandoned mine sites. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Piatak, NM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 954 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM npiatak@usgs.gov NR 45 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 19 IS 7 BP 1039 EP 1064 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.01.005 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 820DV UT WOS:000221368100005 ER PT J AU Robinson, GR Ayuso, RA AF Robinson, GR Ayuso, RA TI Use of spatial statistics and isotopic tracers to measure the influence of arsenical pesticide use on stream sediment chemistry in New England, USA SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY 2002 CL Denver, CO SP Geol Soc Amer ID UNITED-STATES; PB ISOTOPES; LEAD; POLLUTION; METALS; SOILS; LAKE; ATMOSPHERE; ORCHARD; RUNOFF AB Arsenical pesticides and herbicides, principally Pb arsenate, Ca arsenate, and Na arsenate with lesser use of other metal-As pesticides. were widely applied on apple, blueberry, and potato crops in New England during the first half of the twentieth century. Agricultural census data for this time period is used to define an agricultural index that identifies areas that are inferred to have used arsenical pesticides extensively. Factor analysis on metal concentrations in 1597 stream sediment samples collected throughout New England, grouped by agricultural-index categories, indicate a positive association of areas with stream sediment sample populations that contain higher As and Pb concentrations than samples from the region as a whole with sample site settings having high agricultural-index values. Population statistics for As and Pb concentrations and factor scores for an As-Pb factor all increase systematically and significantly with increasing agricultural-index intensity in the region, as tested by Kruskal-Wallis analysis. Lead isotope compositions for 16 stream sediments from a range of agricultural-index settings generally overlap the observed variation in rock sulfides and their weathering products; however, sediments collected from high agricultural-index settings have slightly more radiogenic Pb compositions, consistent with an industrial Pb contribution to these samples. Although weathering products from rocks are likely to be the dominant source of As and metals to most of the stream sediment samples collected in the region, the widespread use of arsenical pesticides and herbicides in New England during the early 1900-1960s appears to be a significant anthropogenic source of As and metals to many sediments in agricultural areas in the region and has raised background levels of As in some regions. Elevated concentrations of As in stream sediments are of concern for two reasons. Stream sediments with elevated As concentrations delineate areas with elevated background concentrations of As from both natural rock and anthropogenic sources that may contribute As to groundwater systems used for drinking water supplies. Conversion of agricultural land contaminated with arsenical pesticide residues to residential development may increase the likelihood that humans will be exposed to As. in addition, many stream sediment sites have As concentrations that exceed sediment quality guidelines established for freshwater ecosystems. Thirteen percent of the New England sediment sample sites exceed 9.79 mg/kg As, the threshold effects concentration (TEC), below which harmful effects are unlikely to be observed. Arsenic concentrations exceed 33 mg/kg, the probable effects concentration (PEC), above which harmful effects on sediment-dwelling organisms are expected to occur frequently, at 1.25% of the sediment sample sites. The sample sites that exceed the PEC value occur predominately in agricultural areas that used arsenical pesticides. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Robinson, GR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM grobinso@usgs.gov NR 47 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 19 IS 7 BP 1097 EP 1110 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.01.009 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 820DV UT WOS:000221368100009 ER PT J AU Ball, JW Izbicki, JA AF Ball, JW Izbicki, JA TI Occurrence of hexavalent chromium in ground water in the western Mojave Desert, California SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY 2002 CL Denver, CO SP Geol Soc Amer AB About 200 samples from selected public supply, domestic, and observation wells completed in alluvial aquifers underlying the western Mojave Desert were analyzed for total dissolved Cr and Cr(VI). Because Cr(VI) is difficult to preserve, samples were analyzed by 3 methods. Chromium(VI) was determined in the field using both a direct colorimetric method and EPA method 218.6, and samples were speciated in the field for later analysis in the laboratory using a cation-exchange method developed for the study described in this paper. Comparison of the direct colorimetric method and EPA method 218.6 with the new cation-exchange method yielded 12 values of 0.9991 and 0.9992, respectively. Total dissolved Cr concentrations ranged from less than the 0.1 mug/l detection limit to 60 mug/l, and almost all the Cr present was Cr(VI). Near recharge areas along the mountain front pH values were near neutral, dissolved O-2 concentrations were near saturation, and Cr(VI) concentrations were less than the 0.1 mug/l detection limit. Chromium(VI) concentrations and pH values increased downgradient as long as dissolved O-2 was present. However, low Cr(VI) concentrations were associated with low dissolved O-2 concentrations near ground-water discharge areas along dry lakes. Chromium(VI) concentrations as high as 60 mug/l occurred in ground water from the Sheep Creek fan alluvial deposits weathered from mafic rock derived from the San Gabriel Mountains, and Cr(VI) concentrations as high as about 36 mug/l were present in ground water from alluvial deposits weathered from less mafic granitic, metamorphic, and volcanic rocks. Chromium(III) was the predominant form of Cr only in areas where dissolved O-2 concentrations were less than 1 mg/l and was detected at a median concentration of 0.1 mug/l, owing to its low solubility in water of near-neutral pH. Depending on local hydrogeologic conditions and the distribution of dissolved O-2 Cr(VI) concentrations may vary considerably with depth. Samples collected under pumping conditions from different depths within wells show that Cr(VI) concentrations can range from less than the 0.1 mug/l detection limit to 36 mug/l in a single well and that dissolved O-2 concentrations likely control the concentration and redox speciation of Cr in ground water. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. RP Ball, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM jwball@usgs.gov NR 17 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 19 IS 7 BP 1123 EP 1135 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.01.011 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 820DV UT WOS:000221368100011 ER PT J AU Holmes, CW Miller, R AF Holmes, CW Miller, R TI Atmospherically transported elements and deposition in the Southeastern United States: local or transoceanic? SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY 2002 CL Denver, CO SP Geol Soc Amer ID LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; AFRICAN MINERAL DUST; TRACE-ELEMENTS; SAHARAN DUST; PARTICLES; ATLANTIC; FLORIDA; AEROSOLS; ISLANDS; BERMUDA AB Saharan dust is persistently transported and deposited in ecosystems of the western Atlantic Ocean. This dust is an aggregate of clay and quartz particles cemented with Fe oxides. Samples collected and analyzed from Mali (central Africa), the Azores, the Caribbean and the Eastern United States document the levels of minor and trace metals in the dust. Metal loadings. particularly the toxic elements-Hg and As, are significantly higher than average crustal rocks. Over the past decade, the focus has been to understand the cycling of Hg in south Florida, but As has received very little attention. Arsenic in the sediment deposited in the past decade in south Florida averages 14 mg/kg and appears to be correlated with Al. a proxy for dust. The largest available aerosol data set containing As is the IMPROVE (Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments) data set. The average concentrations in aerosols collected during this program range from 17 mg/kg in the Virgin Islands to 79 mg/kg at Chassahowitzka, Florida. At Chassahowitzka, most of the As appears to be associated with organic C. If it is assumed that the concentrations in Mali dust and in the aerosols in the Virgin Islands are indicative of soil dust, then the higher values at Chassahowitzka may be derived from local or regional sources. A simple calculation indicates that African dust supplies about 25% of the As deposited from aerosols in the southeastern United States. Comparison of the average yearly As concentrations measured in the Virgin Islands and Everglades shows a negative relationship with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), This relationship demonstrates the influence of climate on the transport and deposition of aerosols to the southeastern United States. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Holmes, CW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM cholmes@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 19 IS 7 BP 1189 EP 1200 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.01.015 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 820DV UT WOS:000221368100015 ER PT J AU Rattner, BA McGowan, PC Golden, NH Hatfield, JS Toschik, PC Lukei, RF Hale, RC Schmitz-Afonso, I Rice, CP AF Rattner, BA McGowan, PC Golden, NH Hatfield, JS Toschik, PC Lukei, RF Hale, RC Schmitz-Afonso, I Rice, CP TI Contaminant exposure and reproductive success of ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) nesting in Chesapeake Bay regions of concern SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EGGS; BIOACCUMULATION; PRODUCTIVITY; CONNECTICUT; RESIDUES AB The Chesapeake Bay osprey population has more than doubled in size since restrictions were placed on the production and use of DDT and other toxic organochlorine contaminants in the 1970s. Ospreys are now nesting in the most highly polluted portions of the Bay.. In 2000 and 2001, contaminant exposure and reproduction were monitored in ospreys nesting in regions of concern, including Baltimore Harbor and the Patapsco River, the Anacostia and middle Potomac rivers, and the Elizabeth River, and a presumed reference site consisting of the South, West, and Rhode rivers. A "sample egg" from each study nest was collected for contaminant analysis, and the fate of eggs remaining in each nest (n = 14-16/site) was monitored at 7- to 10-day intervals from egg incubation through fledging of young. Ospreys fledged young in regions of concern (observed success: 0.88-1.53 fledglings/active nest), although productivity was marginal for sustaining local populations in Baltimore Harbor and the Patapsco River and in the Anacostia and middle Potomac rivers. Concentrations of p,p'-DDE and many other organochlorine pesticides or metabolites, total PCBs, some arylhydrocarbon receptor-active PCB congeners and polybrominated diphenyl ether congeners, and perfluorooctanesulfonate were often greater in sample eggs from regions of concern compared to the reference site. Nonetheless, logistic regression analyses did not provide evidence linking marginal productivity to p,p'-DDE, total PCBs, or arylhydrocarbon receptor-active PCB congener exposure in regions of concern. In view of the moderate concentrations of total PCBs in eggs from the reference site, concerns related to new and emerging toxicants, and the absence of ecotoxicological data for terrestrial vertebrates in many Bay, tributaries, a more thorough spatial evaluation of contaminant exposure in ospreys throughout the Chesapeake may be warranted. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesepeake Bay Field Off, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. Univ Maryland, Marine Estuarine Environm Sci Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Coll William & Mary, Ctr Conservat Biol, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rattner, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12011 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM Barnett_Rattner@USGS.gov RI Schmitz-Afonso, Isabelle/D-2168-2013 NR 19 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 23 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 47 IS 1 BP 126 EP 140 DI 10.1007/s00244-003-3160-0 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 826HU UT WOS:000221821000014 PM 15346786 ER PT J AU Krapu, GL Reynolds, RE Sargeant, GA Renner, RW AF Krapu, GL Reynolds, RE Sargeant, GA Renner, RW TI Patterns of variation in clutch sizes in a guild of temperate-nesting dabbling ducks SO AUK LA English DT Article ID PRAIRIE POTHOLE LANDSCAPES; MALLARD BROOD SURVIVAL; NUTRIENT RESERVES; NORTHERN PINTAILS; WATER CONDITIONS; REPRODUCTION; RECRUITMENT; GADWALLS; ALBERTA; DAKOTA AB We investigated patterns and causes of variation in clutch sizes in a guild of five species of temperate-testing dabbling ducks (Mallard [Alias platyrhynchos], Northern Pintail ["pintail," A. acuta], Gadwall [A. strepera], Blue-winged Teal ["teal," A. discors], and Northern Shoveler ["shoveler," A. clypeata]) during 1993-1995 in the Prairie Pothole Region of midconfinental North America. Clutch sizes (mean +/- SE) were largest for teal (10.80 +/- 0.03), followed in descending order by those of shoveler (10.31 +/- 0.05), Gadwall (9.92 +/- 0.04), Mallard (8.91 +/- 0.04), and pintail (7.66 +/- 0.06). In Mallard, pintail, and shoveler, predicted clutch sizes at onset of nesting exhibited minimal variation. Clutch sizes of Gadwall and teal displayed statistically significant variation among years at onset of nesting; pintail clutch sizes showed significant variation late in the nesting season. Clutch sizes declined seasonally in all species. Declines in clutch sizes of teal and shoveler were approximately linear; whereas clutch sizes of Mallard, pintail, and Gadwall usually declined at progressively decreasing rates. Linear declines in teal and shoveler clutches suggest that those species experienced greater difficulty securing lipids for egg production late in the nesting season than did Mallard, pintail, and Gadwall. That disparity may result because egg-laying female teal and shoveler feed almost exclusively on animal foods, which are primarily protein; whereas female Mallard, pintail, and Gadwall consume more carbohydrate-rich plant foods. Our findings, when examined in context with existing information, suggest that interspecific variation in clutch sizes results from innate differences in several traits-including body size, diet, timing of lipid acquisition, and nesting-all of which can affect the amount of lipid available for egg production. Temperate-nesting dabbling ducks have evolved traits that facilitate laying of large clutches early in the nesting season, because risk of mortality is lower among early-hatched young. Annual differences in clutch sizes of all five species were not significant when effects of annual variation in nest-initiation dates were accounted for, reflecting the key role of environmental influences on intraspecific variation in clutch sizes among years. C1 US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Habitat & Populat Evaluat Team, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. Ducks Unltd Inc, Great Plains Reg Off, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. RP Krapu, GL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM gary_krapu@usgs.gov NR 58 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2004 VL 121 IS 3 BP 695 EP 706 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0695:POVICS]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 839SU UT WOS:000222806000006 ER PT J AU Peak, RG Thompson, FR Shaffer, TL AF Peak, RG Thompson, FR Shaffer, TL TI Factors affecting songbird nest survival in Riparian forests in a midwestern agricultural landscape SO AUK LA English DT Article ID BREEDING BIRD COMMUNITIES; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; ARTIFICIAL NESTS; DIFFERENT WIDTHS; MIGRATORY BIRDS; SITE SELECTION; BUFFER STRIPS; PREDATION; HABITAT; EDGE AB We investigated factors affecting nest Success of songbirds in riparian forest and buffers in northeastern Missouri. We used an information-theoretic approach to determine support for hypotheses concerning effects of nest-site, habitat-patch, edge, and temporal factors on nest success of songbirds in three narrow (55-95 m) and three wide (400-530 m) riparian forests with adjacent grassland-shrub buffer strips and in three narrow and three wide riparian forests without adjacent grassland-shrub buffer strips. We predicted that temporal effects would have the most support and that habitat-patch and edge effects would have little support, because nest predation would be great across all sites in the highly fragmented, predominantly agricultural landscape. Interval nest success was 0.404, 0.227, 0.070, and 0.186, respectively, for Gray Catbird (Dumetella carolinensis), Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis), Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea), and forest interior species pooled (Acadian Flycatcher [Empidonax virescens], Wood Thrush [Hylociclila mustelina], Ovenbird [Seiurus aurocapillus], and Kentucky Warbler [Oporornis formosus]). The effect of nest stage on nest success had the most support; daily nest success for Gray Catbird and Indigo Bunting were lowest in the laying stage. We found strong support for greater nest success of Gray Catbird in riparian forests with adjacent buffer strips than in riparian forests without adjacent buffer strips. Patch width also occurred in the most-supported model for Gray Catbird, but with very limited support. The null model received the most support for Northern Cardinal. Riparian forests provided breeding habitat for area-sensitive forest species and grassland-shrub nesting species. Buffer strips provided additional breeding habitat for grassland-shrub nesting Species. Interval nest success for Indigo Bunting and area-sensitive forest species pooled, however, fell well below the level that is likely necessary to balance juvenile and adult mortality, which suggests that when riparian forests are located within agricultural landscapes, the potential even for wide riparian forests with adjacent buffer strips to provide high-quality breeding habitat is severely diminished for some species. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Peak, RG (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, POB 5190, Ft Hood, TX 76544 USA. EM rpeak@tnc.org NR 90 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2004 VL 121 IS 3 BP 726 EP 737 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0726:FASNSI]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 839SU UT WOS:000222806000009 ER PT J AU Kelly, EG Forsman, ED AF Kelly, EG Forsman, ED TI Recent records of hybridization between Barred Owls (Strix varia) and Northern Spotted Owls (S-occidentalis caurina) SO AUK LA English DT Article AB We summarized records of hybridization between Barred Owls (Strix varia) and Northern Spotted Owls (S. occidentalis caurina) in Washington and Oregon through 1999. A total of 47 hybrids were observed, including 17 F1s that were first detected as adults, 4 F1s that were banded as juveniles and Subsequently recaptured as adults, 10 F1 juveniles, and 16 F2 juveniles. All confirmed cases of hybridization between Barred and Spotted owls involved male Spotted Owls paired with female Barred Owls. Ten F1 hybrids that backcrossed with Barred Owls produced a total of 15 young; 6 F1 hybrids that backcrossed with Spotted Owls produced only I young. Those differences may indicate that some combinations of sex and species are more compatible or more fertile than others, but more documentation is needed. Because F2 hybrids and subsequent generations are difficult to distinguish in the field from Barred or Spotted owls, genetic comparisons of blood or tissue samples may be needed to identify hybrids beyond the first generation. The small number of F1 hybrids detected during many years of extensive banding studies of Spotted Owls suggests that the isolating mechanisms that separate Barred and Spotted owls are normally sufficient to avoid hybridization between them. Direct competition between the two species for food and space is Probably a much more serious threat to the Spotted Owl than hybridization. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kelly, EG (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Newport Field Off, 2127 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM liz_kelly@fws.gov NR 29 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2004 VL 121 IS 3 BP 806 EP 810 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0806:RROHBB]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 839SU UT WOS:000222806000016 ER PT J AU Dreitz, VJ Kitchens, WM DeAngelis, DL AF Dreitz, VJ Kitchens, WM DeAngelis, DL TI Effects of natal departure and water level on survival of juvenile Snail Kites (Rostrhamus sociabilis) in Florida SO AUK LA English DT Article ID OF-FIT TESTS; ESTIMATING EQUATIONS; MATE DESERTION; NEST SUCCESS; SPOTTED OWLS; POPULATION; DISPERSAL; HABITAT; MODELS; EVOLUTION AB Survival rate from fledging to breeding, or juvenile survival, is an important source of variation in lifetime reproductive success in birds. Therefore, determining the relationship between juvenile survival and environmental factors is essential to understanding fitness consequences of reproduction in many populations. With increases in density of individuals and depletion of food resources, quality of most habitats deteriorates during the breeding season. Individuals respond by dispersing in search of food resources. Therefore, to understand the influence of environmental factors on juvenile survival, it is also necessary to know how natal dispersal influences survival of juveniles. We examined effects of various environmental factors and natal dispersal behavior on juvenile survival of endangered Snail Kites (Rostrhamus sociabilis) in central and southern Florida, using a generalized estimating equations (GEEs) approach and model selection criteria. Our results suggested yearly effects and all influence of age and monthly minimum hydrologic levels on juvenile Snail Kite survival. Yearly variation in juvenile survival has been reported by other studies, and other reproductive components of Snail Kites also exhibit such variation. Age differences in juvenile survival have also been seen in other species during the juvenile period. Our results demonstrate a positive relationship between water levels and juvenile survival. We suggest that this is not a direct linear relationship, such that higher water means higher juvenile survival. The juvenile Period is concurrent with onset of the wet season in the ecosystem we studied, and rainfall increases as juveniles age. For management purposes, we believe that inferences suggesting increasing water levels during the fledging period will increase juvenile survival may have short-term benefits but lead to long-term declines in prey abundance and possibly wetland vegetation structure. C1 Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Univ Florida, US Geol Survey, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Dreitz, VJ (reprint author), Colorado Div Wildlife, 317 Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM victoria.dreitz@state.co.us NR 52 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2004 VL 121 IS 3 BP 894 EP 903 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0894:EONDAW]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 839SU UT WOS:000222806000023 ER PT J AU Anteau, MJ Afton, AD AF Anteau, MJ Afton, AD TI Nutrient reserves of Lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) during spring migration in the Mississippi Flyway: A test of the spring condition hypothesis SO AUK LA English DT Article ID RING-NECKED DUCKS; DIVING DUCKS; PRAIRIE WETLANDS; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; FEMALE MALLARDS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ZEBRA MUSSELS; SNOW GEESE; WATERFOWL; POPULATIONS AB The continental scaup population (Lesser [Aythya affinis] and Greater [A. marila] combined) has declined markedly since 1978. One hypothesis for the population decline states that reproductive success has decreased because female scaup are arriving on breeding areas in poorer body condition than they did historically (i.e. spring condition hypothesis). We tested one aspect of that hypothesis by comparing body mass and nutrient reserves (lipid, protein, and mineral) of Lesser Scaup at four locations (Louisiana, Illinois, Minnesota, and Manitoba) between the 1980s and 2000s. We found that mean body mass and lipid and mineral reserves of females were 80.0, 52.5, and 3.0 g higher, respectively, in the 2000s than in the 1980s in Louisiana; similarly, body mass and lipid and mineral reserves of males were 108.8, 72.5, and 2.5 g higher, respectively In Illinois, mean body mass and lipid reserves of females were 88.6 and 56.5 g higher, respectively, in the 2000s than in the 1980s; similarly, body mass and lipid and mineral reserves of males were 80.6, 76.0, and 2.7 g higher, respectively. Mean body mass of females were 58.5 and 58.9 g lower in the 2000s than in the 1980s in Minnesota and Manitoba, respectively; mean body mass of males, similarly, were 40.7 g lower in Minnesota. Mean lipid reserves of females in the 2000s were 28.8 and 27.8 g lower than those in the 1980s in Minnesota and Manitoba, respectively. Mean mineral reserves of females in the 2000s were 3.2 g lower than those in the 1980s in Manitoba. Consequently, females arriving to breed in Manitoba in the 2000s had accumulated lipid reserves for 4.1 fewer eggs and mineral reserves for 0.8 fewer eggs than those arriving to breed there in the 1980s. Accordingly, our results are consistent with the spring condition hypothesis and suggest that female body condition has declined, as reflected by decreases in body mass, lipids, and mineral reserves that could cause reductions in reproductive success and ultimately a population decline. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Anteau, MJ (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM mantea1@lsu.edu NR 77 TC 64 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2004 VL 121 IS 3 BP 917 EP 929 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0917:NROLSA]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 839SU UT WOS:000222806000025 ER PT J AU Banks, RC Cicero, C Dunn, JL Kratter, AW Rasmussen, PC Remsen, JV Rising, JD Stotz, DF AF Banks, RC Cicero, C Dunn, JL Kratter, AW Rasmussen, PC Remsen, JV Rising, JD Stotz, DF TI Forty-fifth supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-list of North American Birds SO AUK LA English DT Article ID GOOSE BRANTA-CANADENSIS; SPECIES LIMITS C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Field Museum Nat Hist, Environm & Conservat Programs, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. Univ Toronto, Ramsay Wright Zool Labs, Dept Zool, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada. Louisiana State Univ, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Michigan State Univ Museum, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Banks, RC (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, MRC-111,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM richard_banks@usgs.gov NR 58 TC 37 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2004 VL 121 IS 3 BP 985 EP 995 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0985:FSTTAO]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 839SU UT WOS:000222806000035 ER PT J AU Groombridge, JJ Massey, JG Bruch, JC Malcolm, T Brosius, CN Okada, MM Sparklin, B Fretz, JS Vanderwerf, EA AF Groombridge, JJ Massey, JG Bruch, JC Malcolm, T Brosius, CN Okada, MM Sparklin, B Fretz, JS Vanderwerf, EA TI An attempt to recover the Po'ouli by translocation and an appraisal of recovery strategy for bird species of extreme rarity SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Po'ouli; translocation; honeycreeper; endangered; recovery ID POPULATION RECOVERY; ULI; CONSERVATION; REINTRODUCTION; EXPENDITURES; BEHAVIOR; PLANS/; ACT AB The Po'ouli (Melamprosops phaeosoma), a Hawaiian honeycreeper endemic to Maui, has a population of only three known individuals; no breeding pair currently exists, and their home ranges are too far apart for breeding to occur. Without timely intervention this monotypic genus will likely go extinct. Conservationists have faced a dilemma: facilitate breeding amongst the known individuals, manage their ecosystem to benefit uncounted Po'ouli, or a combination of both? Po'ouli biology is poorly known - but their remote home ranges are closely monitored. A State and Federal Environmental Assessment in 1999 recommended that one Po'ouli be translocated into the home range of another in an attempt to facilitate breeding. This first manipulative recovery action was achieved in April 2002, and provided valuable new information for future captive management efforts, but upon release, radio telemetry confirmed that the translocated bird returned to its own home range after one day. We describe the recent progress that has been made to recover the Po'ouli, and critically evaluate the Po'ouli case study and the lessons learned from it that can help expedite recovery of other birds of extreme rarity. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Maui Forest Bird Recovery Project, Makawao, HI 96768 USA. Maui Vet Serv Off, Dept Land & Nat Resources, Makawao, HI 96768 USA. Maui Invas Species Comm, Paia, HI 96779 USA. Hawaii Div Forestry & Wildlife, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RP Groombridge, JJ (reprint author), Univ Kent, Durrell Inst Conservat & Ecol, Canterbury CT2 7NS, Kent, England. EM j.groombridge@kent.ac.uk RI Groombridge, Jim/G-8060-2011 NR 64 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 118 IS 3 BP 365 EP 375 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2003.06.005 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 825DP UT WOS:000221736500008 ER PT J AU Ezenwa, VO AF Ezenwa, VO TI Parasite infection rates of impala (Aepyceros melampus) in fenced game reserves in relation to reserve characteristics SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE impala; protected ares; reserves; helminths; multi-host parasites ID CONSERVATION; HELMINTHS; BIODIVERSITY; ANTELOPE; WILDLIFE; ECOLOGY; DISEASE; RISKS AB Under certain conditions reserves can pose a threat to wildlife conservation by increasing the transmission of parasites and pathogens. In this study, I investigated associations between reserve characteristics including area, density and species richness and parasite infection rates in impala (Aepyceros melampus). Using coprological methods to measure gastrointestinal parasitism rates of impala inhabiting five fully or partially fenced game reserves in central Kenya, I found that bovid species richness was correlated with parasite taxa richness across reserves, and that prevalence rates of multi-host strongyle nematodes were higher in reserves with more species. In addition, reserve size was also implicated as a potential predictor of infection risk. Overall, these results suggest that wildlife inhabiting highly diverse and small reserves may suffer from higher than normal rates of infection. Given the potential debilitating effects increases in parasitism can have on wildlife, these results underscore the importance of considering parasite transmission dynamics in the management of small, fenced protected areas. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Ezenwa, VO (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 521, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM vezenwa@usgs.gov NR 21 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 118 IS 3 BP 397 EP 401 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2003.09.016 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 825DP UT WOS:000221736500011 ER PT J AU Eisler, R AF Eisler, R TI Mammalian sensitivity to elemental gold (Au degrees) SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE elemental gold; monovalent gold; trivalent gold; human health; contact dermatitis; mammalian sensitivity ID ALLERGIC CONTACT-DERMATITIS; SODIUM THIOSULFATE; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; SYSTEMIC PROVOCATION; CONTAINING LIQUOR; NOBLE-METAL; FLARE-UP; HYPERSENSITIVITY; EARRINGS; LESIONS AB There is increasing documentation of allergic contact dermatitis and other effects from gold jewelry, gold dental restorations, and gold implants. These effects were especially pronounced among females wearing body-piercing gold objects. One estimate of the prevalence of gold allergy worldwide is 13%, as judged by patch tests with monovalent organogold salts. Eczema of the head and neck was the most common response of individuals hypersensitive to gold, and sensitivity can last for at least several years. Ingestion of beverages containing flake gold can result in allergic-type reactions similar to those seen in gold-allergic individuals exposed to gold through dermal contact and other routes. Studies with small laboratory mammals and injected doses of colloidal gold showed increased body temperatures, accumulations in reticular cells, and dose enhancement in tumor therapy; gold implants were associated with tissue injuries. It is proposed that Audegrees toxicity to mammals is associated, in part, with formation of the more reactive Au+ and Au3+ species. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Eisler, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 60 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 100 IS 1 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1385/BTER:100:1:001 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 840WN UT WOS:000222890700001 PM 15258315 ER PT J AU Brooks, ML D'Antonio, CM Richardson, DM Grace, JB Keeley, JE DiTomaso, JM Hobbs, RJ Pellant, M Pyke, D AF Brooks, ML D'Antonio, CM Richardson, DM Grace, JB Keeley, JE DiTomaso, JM Hobbs, RJ Pellant, M Pyke, D TI Effects of invasive alien plants on fire regimes SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE disturbance; fire frequency; fire intensity; fuel; nonnative plants ID SOUTH-AFRICAN FYNBOS; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; EXOTIC GRASSES; ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; COASTAL SCRUB; VEGETATION; DISTURBANCE; SHRUBLANDS; MANAGEMENT; AUSTRALIA AB Plant invasions are widely recognized as significant threats to biodiversity conservation worldwide. One way invasions can affect native ecosystems is by changing fuel properties, which can in turn affect fire behavior and, ultimately, alter fire regime characteristics such as frequency, intensity, extent, type, and seasonality of fire. If the regime changes subsequently promote the dominance of the invaders, then an invasive plant-fire regime cycle can be established. As more ecosystem components and interactions are altered, restoration of preinvasion conditions becomes more difficult. Restoration may require managing fuel conditions, fire regimes, native plant communities, and other ecosystem properties in addition to the invaders that caused the changes in the first place. We present a multiphase model describing the interrelationships between plant invaders and fire regimes, provide a system for evaluating the relative effects of invaders and prioritizing them for control, and recommend ways to restore preinvasion fire regime properties. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. USDA ARS, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Univ Cape Town, Dept Bot, Inst Plant Conservat, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Organism Biol Ecol & Evolut, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Weed Sci Program, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Murdoch Univ, Sch Environm Sci, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. US Bur Lan Management, Idaho State Off, Boise, ID 83709 USA. US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Brooks, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. EM matt_brooks@usgs.gov RI Hobbs, Richard/F-5883-2010; Richardson, David/A-1495-2008 OI Hobbs, Richard/0000-0003-4047-3147; Richardson, David/0000-0001-9574-8297 NR 55 TC 562 Z9 583 U1 34 U2 240 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JUL PY 2004 VL 54 IS 7 BP 677 EP 688 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0677:EOIAPO]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 838RV UT WOS:000222731700012 ER PT J AU Perry, ND Stewart, DT Madden, EA Maier, TJ AF Perry, ND Stewart, DT Madden, EA Maier, TJ TI New records for the arctic shrew, Sorex arcticus and the newly recognized maritime shrew, Sorex maritimensis SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Arctic Shrew; Sorex arcticus; Maritime Shrew; Sorex maritimensis; range; state record; Montana; New Brunswick; Nova Scotia; Quebec ID INSECTIVORA; SORICIDAE; EVOLUTION; MANITOBA AB We report the first record for the Arctic Shrew (Sorex arcticus) in the state of Montana, USA. We also report range extensions for the closely related Maritime Shrew (Sorex maritimensis) in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, Canada. These collections augment our limited knowledge of the ranges and habitat associations of these rarely collected shrews, and highlight the need for a careful assessment of the status of S. maritimensis in Canada. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Acadia Univ, Dept Biol, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Med Lake Natl Wildlife Refuge, Med Lake, MT 59247 USA. Univ Massachusetts, USDA, US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Perry, ND (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, 210 Nagle Hall, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD JUL-SEP PY 2004 VL 118 IS 3 BP 400 EP 404 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 978JV UT WOS:000232870300012 ER PT J AU Wagner, T Congleton, JL AF Wagner, T Congleton, JL TI Blood chemistry correlates of nutritional condition, tissue damage, and stress in migrating juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID RAINBOW-TROUT; COHO SALMON; SEAWATER ADAPTATION; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; COLUMBIA RIVER; PLASMA; SERUM; FISH; SMOLTIFICATION; GAIRDNERI AB We used factor analysis to examine the correlation structure of six multivariate blood chemistry data sets for migrating hatchery and wild juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Fish were sampled (1998-2002) from juvenile fish bypass systems at dams or (one data set) from fish transport barges on the Snake and Columbia rivers. Analyses were performed to determine which blood chemistry analytes covaried, to facilitate interpretation of the data sets, and to provide insight into controlling physiological mechanisms. Four underlying factors were derived from the analyses: (i) a nutritional factor composed of total protein, cholesterol, calcium, and alkaline phosphatase, (ii) a tissue damage factor composed of the enzymes alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and creatine kinase, (iii) a lipid metabolism factor composed of triacylglycerol lipase and triglycerides, and (iv) a stress factor composed of cortisol, glucose, Na+, and Cl-. Although causal mechanisms cannot be directly inferred from our analyses, findings of published research provide tenable causal mechanisms for the observed structure. The consistency of the correlation structure among data sets suggests that composite (latent) variables may be more reliable indicators of some physiological responses than changes in individual variables. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Wagner, T (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 13 Nat Resources Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM wagnerty@msu.edu NR 41 TC 66 Z9 73 U1 3 U2 18 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 61 IS 7 BP 1066 EP 1074 DI 10.1139/F04-050 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 861XD UT WOS:000224451000002 ER PT J AU Richardson, WB Strauss, EA Bartsch, LA Monroe, EM Cavanaugh, JC Vingum, L Soballe, DM AF Richardson, WB Strauss, EA Bartsch, LA Monroe, EM Cavanaugh, JC Vingum, L Soballe, DM TI Denitrification in the Upper Mississippi River: rates, controls, and contribution to nitrate flux SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; NITROGEN; FLOODPLAIN; INHIBITION; ACETYLENE; BASIN; NITRIFICATION; BUDGET; WATER AB We evaluated patterns of denitrification and factors effecting denitrification in the upper Mississippi River. Measurements were taken over 2 years, during which river discharge ranged from record flooding to base flow conditions. Over the period of study, average denitrification enzyme activity was highest in backwater lakes and lowest in the main channel. Throughout the study reach, highest denitrification enzyme activity occurred during fall and lowest occurred in winter. Rates during spring floods (2001) were only slightly higher than during the preceding winter. Mean unamended denitrification rates ranged from 0.02 (fall 2001 in backwaters) to 0.40 mug N.cm(-2.)h(-1) (spring 2001 in backwaters). Laboratory experiments showed that denitrification rates increased significantly with addition of NO3- regardless of sediment C content, while rates increased little with addition of labile C (glucose). Denitrification in this reach of the upper Mississippi River appears to be NO3- limited throughout the growing season and the delivery of NO3- is strongly controlled by river discharge and hydrologic connectivity across the floodplain. We estimate that denitrification removes 6939 t N.year(-1) or 6.9% of the total annual NO3- input to the reach. Hydrologic connectivity and resultant NO3- delivery to high-C sediments is a critical determinant of reach-scale processing of N in this floodplain system. C1 US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, Madison, WI 53707 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Richardson, WB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM wrichardson@usgs.gov RI Strauss, Eric/G-3368-2013 OI Strauss, Eric/0000-0002-3134-2535 NR 35 TC 103 Z9 108 U1 2 U2 25 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 61 IS 7 BP 1102 EP 1112 DI 10.1139/F04-062 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 861XD UT WOS:000224451000006 ER PT J AU Nydick, KR Lafrancois, BM Baron, JS Johnson, BM AF Nydick, KR Lafrancois, BM Baron, JS Johnson, BM TI Nitrogen regulation of algal biomass, productivity, and composition in shallow mountain lakes, Snowy Range, Wyoming, USA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; CALIFORNIA NEVADA; UNITED-STATES; FRESH-WATERS; FOOD-WEB; PHYTOPLANKTON; PHOSPHORUS; RESPONSES; LIMITATION AB We investigated the effects of increased nitrate (NO3), alone and in combination with phosphorus (P), on phytoplankton, epilithon, and epipelon in shallow lakes of the Snowy Range, Wyoming, using two enclosure experiments during early and late summer. Phytoplankton responded strongly to N and N + P, but not to P, with increased cell density, chlorophyll a, and photosynthesis and shifts in composition from chrysophytes to cyanophytes, chlorophytes, and diatoms. Zooplankton density and biomass were unaltered despite the additional phytoplankton stock, probably as the result of poor food quality. In the late summer, algae on tiles responded to N and N + P additions with greater chlorophyll a and increases in cyanophyte and chlorophyte density. Algae on sediment dominated whole-enclosure algal biomass but were spatially variable and responded insignificantly to nutrients. Consequently, N controlled productivity and community composition of phytoplankton and algae on hard substrates but had less impact on ecosystem algal biomass because of the large pool of nutrient-sufficient sediment algae. Phytoplankton were more photosynthetically efficient than the benthos, however, such that primary productivity did shift more toward the water column. C1 Colorado State Univ, Nat Resources Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Discipline, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Nydick, KR (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM koren@cc.usu.edu RI Baron, Jill/C-5270-2016 OI Baron, Jill/0000-0002-5902-6251 NR 40 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 29 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 61 IS 7 BP 1256 EP 1268 DI 10.1139/F04-085 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 861XD UT WOS:000224451000020 ER PT J AU Kofron, CP AF Kofron, CP TI The Trial Intensive Management Area for Crocodiles: A crocodile removal zone in Queensland, Australia SO COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE crocodile management; Crocodylus porosus; Estuarine Crocodile; problem crocodiles; Queensland AB The Estuarine Crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) is the world's largest living crocodile, and in Queensland it inhabits tropical coastal wetlands and waterways. From 1990 to 2001, there have been nine substantiated crocodile attacks on people in Queensland, resulting in one death and eight serious injuries. Several crocodile attacks occurred in the Cairns area during these years, and Cairns's popular swimming beaches have been closed on a number of occasions because of crocodiles. Human safety from crocodile attack is an issue of great public and political concern in Queensland. From May 1998 to June 2001, the Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service operated a trial crocodile removal program in the Cairns area, with a removal zone that extended 70 km along the coast. The program was named the Trial Intensive Management Area for Crocodiles (TIMAC), and its primary purpose was to protect the Cairns's popular swimming beaches from crocodiles. The program was expanded to provide a problem crocodile response service throughout north Queensland and to train additional rangers in crocodile management skills. During the three years of the TIMAC program, 80 crocodiles were captured in north Queensland: 46 crocodiles from within the removal zone, and 34 from outside the removal zone. There were no crocodile attacks in the removal zone during the three-year trial program. At the request of local governments, the program became permanent in July 2001. In effect, Cairns is the only tropical city whose popular swimming beaches are protected by a combination of a lifeguard service, a shark control program, netted enclosures ( seasonal) for protection from dangerous Box Jellyfish ( Chironex fleckeri), and a crocodile removal program. C1 Queensland Pk & Wildlife Serv, No Reg Ctr, Cairns, Qld, Australia. RP Kofron, CP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 2493 Portola Rd,Suite B, Ventura, CA 93003 USA. EM Chris.Kofron@fws.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0892-0753 J9 COAST MANAGE JI Coast. Manage. PD JUL-SEP PY 2004 VL 32 IS 3 BP 319 EP 330 DI 10.1080/08920750490448424 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 822FB UT WOS:000221521600007 ER PT J AU Kuperman, BI Matey, VE Fisher, RN Ervin, EL Warburton, ML Bakhireva, L Lehman, CA AF Kuperman, BI Matey, VE Fisher, RN Ervin, EL Warburton, ML Bakhireva, L Lehman, CA TI Parasites of the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, in Southern California, USA SO COMPARATIVE PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE protozoa; monogenea; Digenea; Cestoda; nematoda; Acanthocephala; survey; African clawed frog; Xenopus laevis; Southern California ID TOAD; HELMINTHS; ARIZONA; MORPHOLOGY; BUFONIDAE; MONOGENEA; NEMATODA; CESTODA; PIPIDAE; ANURA AB A total of 230 feral African clawed frogs, Xenopus laevis, front 3 localities in southern California were examined for parasites. The following species were found: 3 species of Protozoa, Nyctotherus sp., Balantidium xenopodis. Protoopalina xenopodus, 2 species of Monogenea, Protopolystoma xenopodis, Gyrdicotylus gallieni; 1 species of Digenea, Clinostomum sp. (as metacercariae); 1 species of Cestoda, Cephalochlamys namaquensis; 2 species of Nematoda, Contracaecum sp. (as larvae), Eustrongylides sp. (as larvae): and 1 species of Acanthocephala, Acanthocephalus sp. (as cystacanth). Of these, the protozoans P. xenopodus and B. xenopodis, both monogeneans, and the cestode have an African origin. Contracaecum sp., Eustrongylides sp., and Acanthocephalus sp. have not been previously reported from X. laevis. C1 San Diego State Univ, Ctr Inland Waters, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Kuperman, BI (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Ctr Inland Waters, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 14 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1525-2647 J9 COMP PARASITOL JI Comp. Parasitol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 71 IS 2 BP 229 EP 232 DI 10.1654/4112 PG 4 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA 842WV UT WOS:000223036100019 ER PT J AU Lee, JK Roig, LC Jenter, HL Visser, HM AF Lee, JK Roig, LC Jenter, HL Visser, HM TI Drag coefficients for modeling flow through emergent vegetation in the Florida Everglades SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE vegetated channels; drag coefficient; open channel flow; Everglades; sawgrass ID ROUGHNESS COEFFICIENTS; SUBMERGED VEGETATION; RESISTANCE AB Hydraulic data collected in a flume fitted with pans of sawgrass were analyzed to determine the vertically averaged drag coefficient as a function of vegetation characteristics. The drag coefficient is required for modeling flow through emergent vegetation at low Reynolds numbers in the Florida Everglades. Parameters of the vegetation, such as the stem population per unit bed area and the average stem/leaf width, were measured for five fixed vegetation layers. The vertically averaged vegetation parameters for each experiment were then computed by weighted average over the submerged portion of the vegetation. Only laminar flow through emergent vegetation was considered, because this is the dominant flow regime of the inland Everglades. A functional form for the vegetation drag coefficient was determined by linear regression of the logarithmic transforms of measured resistance force and Reynolds number. The coefficients of the drag coefficient function were then determined for the Everglades, using extensive flow and vegetation measurements taken in the field. The Everglades data show that the stem spacing and the Reynolds number are important parameters for the determination of vegetation drag coefficient. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Roig, LC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 430,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 16 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 22 IS 4-5 BP 237 EP 248 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2004.05.001 PG 12 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 856CT UT WOS:000224021900003 ER PT J AU Wall, SS Berry, CR AF Wall, SS Berry, CR TI Threatened fishes of the world: Notropis topeka Gilbert, 1884 (Cyprinidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, S Dakota Cooperat Res Unit, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Wall, SS (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM steven_wall@sdstate.edu; charles_berry@sdstate.edu NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD JUL PY 2004 VL 70 IS 3 BP 246 EP 246 DI 10.1023/B:EBFI.0000033348.37110.de PG 1 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 833NV UT WOS:000222345600007 ER PT J AU Liu, SG Loveland, TR Kurtz, RM AF Liu, Shuguang Loveland, Thomas R. Kurtz, Rachel M. TI Contemporary carbon dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems in the Southeastern Plains of the United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE carbon cycle; source and sink; land cover change; modeling; uncertainty; scaling AB Quantifying carbon dynamics over large areas is frequently hindered by the lack of consistent, high-quality, spatially explicit land use and land cover change databases and appropriate modeling techniques. In this paper, we present a generic approach to address some of these challenges. Land cover change information in the Southeastern Plains ecoregion was derived from Landsat data acquired in 1973, 1980, 1986, 1992, and 2000 within 11 randomly located 20-km x 20-km sample blocks. Carbon dynamics within each of the sample blocks was simulated using the General Ensemble Biogeochemical Modeling System (GEMS), capable of assimilating the variances and covariance of major input variables into simulations using an ensemble approach. Results indicate that urban and forest areas have been increasing, whereas agricultural land has been decreasing since 1973. Forest clear-cutting activity has intensified, more than doubling from 1973 to 2000. The Southeastern Plains has been acting as a carbon sink since 1973, with an average rate of 0.89 Mg C/ha/yr. Biomass, soil organic carbon (SOC), and harvested materials account for 56%, 34%, and 10% of the sink, respectively. However, the sink has declined continuously during the same period owing to forest aging in the northern part of the ecoregion and increased forest clear-cutting activities in the south. The relative contributions to the sink from SOC and harvested materials have increased, implying that these components deserve more study in the future. The methods developed here can be used to quantify the impacts of human management activities on the carbon cycle at landscape to global scales. C1 [Liu, Shuguang] EROS Data Ctr, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Loveland, Thomas R.; Kurtz, Rachel M.] US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Liu, SG (reprint author), EROS Data Ctr, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM sliu@usgs.gov NR 55 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S442 EP S456 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-9152-z PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V45UH UT WOS:000203094700040 ER PT J AU Wylie, BK Gilmanov, TG Johnson, DA Saliendra, NZ Akshalov, K Tieszen, LL Reed, BC AF Wylie, Bruce K. Gilmanov, Tagir G. Johnson, Douglas A. Saliendra, Nicanor Z. Akshalov, Kanat Tieszen, Larry L. Reed, Bradley C. TI Intra-seasonal mapping of CO2 flux in rangelands of northern Kazakhstan at one-kilometer resolution SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE carbon; respiration; gross primary production; remote sensing; NDVI; scaling up AB Algorithms that establish relationships between variables obtained through remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) technologies are needed to allow the scaling up of site-specific CO2 flux measurements to regional levels. We obtained Bowen ratio-energy balance (BREB) flux tower measurements during the growing seasons of 1998-2000 above a grassland steppe in Kazakhstan. These BREB data were analyzed using ecosystem light-curve equations to quantify 10-day CO2 fluxes associated with gross primary production (GPP) and total respiration (R). Remotely sensed, temporally smoothed normalized difference vegetation index (NDVIsm) and environmental variables were used to develop multiple regression models for the mapping of 10-day CO2 fluxes for the Kazakh steppe. Ten-day GPP was estimated (R-2 = 0.72) by day of year (DOY) and NDVIsm, and 10-day R was estimated (R-2 = 0.48) with the estimated GPP and estimated 10-day photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Regression tree analysis estimated 10-day PAR from latitude, NDVIsm, DOY, and precipitation (R-2 = 0.81). Fivefold cross-validation indicated that these algorithms were reasonably robust. GPP, R, and resulting net ecosystem exchange (NEE) were mapped for the Kazakh steppe grassland every 10 days and summed to produce regional growing season estimates of GPP, R, and NEE. Estimates of 10-day NEE agreed well with BREB observations in 2000, showing a slight underestimation in the late summer. Growing season (May to October) mean NEE for Kazakh steppe grasslands was 1.27 Mg C/ha in 2000. Winter flux data were collected during the winter of 2001-2002 and are being analyzed to close the annual carbon budget for the Kazakh steppe. C1 [Wylie, Bruce K.; Reed, Bradley C.] USGS EROS Data Ctr, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Gilmanov, Tagir G.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol & Microbiol, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Johnson, Douglas A.] Utah State Univ, USDA, ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Akshalov, Kanat] Barayev Kazakh Res Inst Grain Farming, Shortandy 474070, Kazakhstan. [Tieszen, Larry L.] US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Wylie, BK (reprint author), USGS EROS Data Ctr, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM wylie@usgs.gov RI Wylie, Bruce/H-3182-2014 OI Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083 NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S482 EP S491 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-9156-8 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V45UH UT WOS:000203094700044 ER PT J AU Ellis, AS Johnson, TM Bullen, TD AF Ellis, AS Johnson, TM Bullen, TD TI Using chromium stable isotope ratios to quantify Cr(VI) reduction: Lack of sorption effects SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; FRACTIONATION; ADSORPTION; GROUNDWATER; TRANSPORT; SELENIUM; DETOXIFICATION; REMEDIATION; CHROMATE; SURFACES AB Chromium stable isotope values can be effectively used to monitor reduction of Cr(VI) in natural waters. We investigate effects of sorption during transport of Cr(VI) which may also shift Cr isotopes values, complicating efforts to quantify reduction. This study shows that Cr stable isotope fractionation caused by sorption is negligible. Equilibrium fractionation of Cr stable isotopes between dissolved Cr(VI) and Cr(VI) adsorbed onto gamma-Al2O3 and goethite is less than 0.04parts per thousand (Cr-53/Cr-52) under environmentally relevant pH conditions. Batch experiments at pH 4.0 and pH 6.0 were conducted in series to sequentially magnify small isotope fractionations. A simple transport model suggests that adsorption may cause amplification of a small isotope fractionation along extreme fringes of a plume, leading to shifts in Cr-53/Cr-52 values. We therefore suggest that isotope values at extreme fringes of Cr plumes be critically evaluated for sorption effects. A kinetic effect was observed in experiments with goethite at pH 4 where apparently lighter isotopes diffuse into goethite clumps at a faster rate before eventually reaching equilibrium. This observed kinetic effect may be important in a natural system that has not attained equilibrium and is in need of further study. Cr isotope fractionation caused by speciation of Cr(VI) between HCrO4- and CrO42- was also examined, and we conclude that it is not measurable. In the absence of isotope fractionation caused by equilibrium speciation and sorption, most of the variation in delta(53)Cr values may be attributed to reduction, and reliable estimates of Cr reduction can be made. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ellis, AS (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, 1850 Campus Dr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM andre@earth.northwestern.edu RI Johnson, Thomas/A-2740-2008 OI Johnson, Thomas/0000-0003-1620-1408 NR 29 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 5 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 13 BP 3604 EP 3607 DI 10.1021/es0352294 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 834FG UT WOS:000222396400027 PM 15296311 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Huang, YS Huckins, JN Petty, JD AF Wang, Y Huang, YS Huckins, JN Petty, JD TI Compound-specific carbon and hydrogen isotope analysis of sub-parts per billion level waterborne petroleum hydrocarbons SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEMIPERMEABLE-MEMBRANE DEVICES; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; MONITORING ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; TERT-BUTYL ETHER; SOURCE IDENTIFICATION; FIELD VERIFICATION; N-ALKANES; FRACTIONATION; SPMDS; BIODEGRADATION AB Compound-specific carbon and hydrogen isotope analysis (CSCIA and CSHIA) has been increasingly used to study the source, transport, and bioremediation of organic contaminants such as petroleum hydrocarbons. In natural aquatic systems, dissolved contaminants represent the bioavailable fraction that generally is of the greatest toxicological significance. However, determining the isotopic ratios of waterborne hydrophobic contaminants in natural waters is very challenging because of their extremely low concentrations (often at sub-parts ber billion, or even lower). To acquire sufficient quantities of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with 10 ng/L concentration for CSHIA, more than 1000 L of water must be extracted. Conventional liquid/liquid or solid-phase extraction is not suitable for such large volume extractions. We have developed a new approach that is capable of efficiently sampling sub-parts per billion level waterborne petroleum hydrocarbons for CSIA. We use semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) to accumulate hydrophobic contaminants from polluted waters and then recover the compounds in the laboratory for CSIA. In this study, we demonstrate, under a variety of experimental conditions (different concentrations, temperatures, and turbulence levels), that SPMD-associated processes do not induce C and H isotopic fractionations. The applicability of SPMD-CSIA technology to natural systems is further demonstrated by determining the delta(13)C and deltaD values of petroleum hydrocarbons present in the Pawtuxet Hiver, RI. Our results show that the combined SPMD-CSIA is an effective tool to investigate the source and fate of hydrophobic contaminants in the aquatic environments. C1 Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Huang, YS (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, 324 Brook St, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM yongsong_huang@brown.edu NR 39 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 13 BP 3689 EP 3697 DI 10.1021/es035470i PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 834FG UT WOS:000222396400038 PM 15296322 ER PT J AU Huckins, JN Prest, HF Petty, JD Lebo, JA Hodgins, MM Clark, RC Alvarez, DA Gala, WR Steen, A Gale, R Ingersoll, CG AF Huckins, JN Prest, HF Petty, JD Lebo, JA Hodgins, MM Clark, RC Alvarez, DA Gala, WR Steen, A Gale, R Ingersoll, CG TI Overview and comparison of lipid-containing semipermeable membrane devices and oysters (Crassostrea gigas) for assessing organic chemical exposure SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE semipermeable membrane devices; oysters; hydrophobic organic chemicals; kinetics; equilibrium ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; MUSSELS MYTILUS-EDULIS; BLUE MUSSELS; UPTAKE KINETICS; SAGINAW RIVER; CAGED MUSSELS; NORTH-SEA; WATER; ACCUMULATION; SPMDS AB We performed 20-d, flow-through exposures of lipid-containing semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) and Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) to three concentrations (nominally 10, 100, and 250 ng/L) of a diverse mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Exposure water was seawater free of particulates larger than 0.1 mum. The results of these controlled laboratory studies demonstrated that SPMDs and oysters concentrate the same chemicals but that the relative amounts accumulated are different. For oysters, the 20-d mean (across treatments) concentration factors (CFs) of test compounds with log K-ow less than or equal to 4.8 were much lower (4.0- to 20-fold lower) than those of the same compounds in SPMDs. In contrast, the 20-d CFs of PAHs with log K-ow greater than or equal to 5.6 in oysters from the low-level treatment were higher than the corresponding CFs for SPMDs. The CFs of these compounds in oysters from the low-level treatment ranged from approximately 3.0- to 13-fold higher than those in oysters from the high-level treatment. This physiologically mediated difference in oyster CFs appears to be linked to active feeding in the low-level treatment and to apparent toxicity-induced cessation of feeding (i.e., valve closure) in the high-level treatment. Because CFs for these compounds in oysters were not independent of exposure concentrations, it follows that tissue levels were not proportional to exposure concentration. However, both sampling approaches have advantages and disadvantages, and the appropriateness of their use depends on the goals of a given study. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Chevron Res & Technol Co, Richmond, CA 94802 USA. ExxonMobil Res & Engn, Fairfax, VA 22037 USA. RP Huckins, JN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM jhuckins@usgs.gov NR 71 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 9 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 23 IS 7 BP 1617 EP 1628 DI 10.1897/03-366 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 828TE UT WOS:000221995300006 PM 15230313 ER PT J AU Alvarez, DA Petty, JD Huckins, JN Jones-Lepp, TL Getting, DT Goddard, JP Manahan, SE AF Alvarez, DA Petty, JD Huckins, JN Jones-Lepp, TL Getting, DT Goddard, JP Manahan, SE TI Development of a passive, in situ, integrative sampler for hydrophilic organic contaminants in aquatic environments SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE polar organic chemical integrative sampler [POCIS]; integrative; pharmaceuticals; hydrophilic contaminants ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; WATER; PHARMACEUTICALS; DIURON; METALS AB Increasingly it is being realized that a holistic hazard assessment of complex environmental contaminant mixtures requires data on the concentrations of hydrophilic organic contaminants including new generation pesticides, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and many chemicals associated with household, industrial, and agricultural wastes. To address this issue, we developed a passive in situ sampling device (the polar organic chemical integrative sampler [POCIS]) that integratively concentrates trace levels of complex mixtures of hydrophilic environmental contaminants, enables the determination of their time-weighted average water concentrations, and provides a method of estimating the potential exposure of aquatic organisms to the complex mixture of waterborne contaminants. Using a prototype sampler, linear uptake of selected herbicides and pharmaceuticals with log K(ow)s < 4.0 was observed for up to 56 d. Estimation of the ambient water concentrations of chemicals of interest is achieved by using appropriate uptake models and determination of POCIS sampling rates for appropriate exposure conditions. Use of POCIS in field validation studies targeting the herbicide diuron in the United Kingdom resulted in the detection of the chemical at estimated concentrations of 190 to 600 ng/L. These values are in agreement with reported levels found in traditional grab samples taken concurrently. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. Environm Agcy, Camberley GU16 7SQ, Surrey, England. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Alvarez, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM dalvarez@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 283 Z9 292 U1 14 U2 160 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 23 IS 7 BP 1640 EP 1648 DI 10.1897/03-603 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 828TE UT WOS:000221995300009 PM 15230316 ER PT J AU Lowe, TP Hershberger, TD AF Lowe, TP Hershberger, TD TI Susceptibility of the leaf-eating beetle, Galerucella calmariensis, a biological control agent for purple loosestrife (Lythrum salcaria), to three mosquito control larvicides SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Galerucella calmariensis; mosquito control larvicides; Abate (R); Altosid (R); Bacillus thuringiensis var israeliensis ID THURINGIENSIS VAR ISRAELENSIS; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; SALT-MARSH; TEMEPHOS; TOXICITY; COMMUNITY; CHRYSOMELIDAE; CHIRONOMIDS; METHOPRENE; COLEOPTERA AB We evaluated the susceptibility of Galerucella calmariensis, a species used to control purple loosestrife (Lythrum alicaria), to three mosquito control larvicides. Larvae and adults were fed loosestrife cuttings dipped in Abate(R) (less than or equal to375 g (.) L-1), Altosid(R) (less than or equal to250 g (.) L-1), and Bacillus thuringiensis var israeliensis (Bti) (less than or equal to110 g (.) L-1). Eggs on cuttings were dipped in the same concentrations. Pupae were immersed in Abate and Altosid solutions (less than or equal to474.4 mug (.) L-1 and less than or equal to1,169.2 mug (.) L-1, respectively). Hatching success of eggs dipped in Abate (greater than or equal to3.75 g (.) L-1) was reduced significantly and survival was significantly lower among larvae and adults eating cuttings dipped in Abate (greater than or equal to0.17 g (.) L-1 and greater than or equal to2.27 g (.) L-1, respectively). Hatching success of eggs dipped in Altosid (greater than or equal to2.52 g (.) L-1) was reduced significantly. With exposure to Altosid, larval survival to pupation and adult emergence was reduced significantly at concentrations of greater than or equal to2.92 g (.) L-1 and greater than or equal to0.63 g (.) L-1, respectively. Altosid (greater than or equal to0.23 g (.) L-1) also delayed the onset of pupation and adult emergence among larvae that survived to pupate. Larvae that survived with exposure to Altosid (greater than or equal to1.72 g (.) L-1) grew to 70% larger than those exposed to lower concentrations. Pupal survival was unaffected with exposure to Abate and Altosid and adult survival was unaffected with exposure to Altosid. Bacillus thuringiensis var israeliensis did not adversely affect any life stage of G. calmariensis. The mean Abate concentration on cuttings exposed to operational spraying was in the range that reduced egg hatchability and adult survival but was higher than concentrations that caused complete mortality of larvae. The mean Altosid concentration on cuttings exposed to operational spraying was in the range that reduced hatching success in eggs and delayed pupation and adult emergence of larvae. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Lowe, TP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM peter_lowe@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 23 IS 7 BP 1662 EP 1671 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 828TE UT WOS:000221995300012 PM 15230319 ER PT J AU McGee, BL Fisher, DJ Wright, DA Yonkos, LT Ziegler, GP Turley, SD Farrar, JD Moore, DW Bridges, TS AF McGee, BL Fisher, DJ Wright, DA Yonkos, LT Ziegler, GP Turley, SD Farrar, JD Moore, DW Bridges, TS TI A field test and comparison of acute and chronic sediment toxicity tests with the estuarine amphipod Leptocheirus plumulosus in Chesapeake Bay, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Leptocheirus plumulosus; chronic sediment toxicity; Baltimore Harbor; amphipod ID ACID-VOLATILE SULFIDE; BALTIMORE HARBOR; CONTAMINATION; MIXTURES; MARINE AB A 28-d partial life-cycle test with the estuarine amphipod Leptocheirus plumulosus was developed in response to the need for an assay to mimic chronic exposure to sediment-associated contaminants. To ensure that toxicity tests have environmental relevance, it is essential to evaluate the relationship between laboratory responses and field measures of contamination. Consequently, one objective of the study was to compare the results of the chronic sediment toxicity test with L. plumulosus to gradients of sediment contamination and the in situ benthic community in its native Chesapeake Bay. Chronic tests were conducted by two laboratories, the Army Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station ([WES]; Vicksburg, MS, USA) and the University of Maryland ([UM] College Park, MD, USA) using different feeding regimes, providing the opportunity to evaluate the effect of this variable on response sensitivity. A second objective was to compare the relative sensitivity of acute and chronic tests with L. plumulosus with field-collected sediments. Overall, there was good agreement between the toxicological response of acute and chronic tests with L. plumulosus and field measures of contamination. Survival in the acute test and chronic test conducted by WES was negatively correlated with concentrations of sediment-associated contaminants. Survival in acute exposures was significantly reduced in sediments from 8 of I I stations. Indigenous L. plumulosus were found only at two of the three stations that did not exhibit acute toxicity. An unexpected finding was the difference in responsiveness of the two chronic tests. Survival in tests conducted by UM and WES was significantly reduced in sediments from 4 and 6 of I I stations, respectively. No additional sublethal toxicity was detected in the UM chronic test, but the WES test detected reproductive effects at two additional stations. We believe the observed differences were related to the test diet used. Partly as a result of our findings, the recommended diet for the L. plumulosus chronic test was changed in the final methods document. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. Univ Maryland, Wye Res & Educ Ctr, Queenstown, MD 21658 USA. Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. MEC Analyt Syst, Carlsbad, CA 92009 USA. RP McGee, BL (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. EM bmcgee@savethebay.cbf.org NR 45 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 8 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 23 IS 7 BP 1751 EP 1761 DI 10.1897/03-326 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 828TE UT WOS:000221995300021 PM 15230328 ER PT J AU Harvey, RW Ryan, JN AF Harvey, RW Ryan, JN TI Use of PRDI bacteriophage in groundwater viral transport, inactivation, and attachment studies SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Subsurface Microbiology CY SEP 08-13, 2002 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK SP Geol Survey Denmark, Geol Survey Greenland, ATV Jord Grundvand, Soc Danish Environm Engineers, Univ New Hampshire, Bedrock Bioremediat Ctr, Univ New Hampshire, Environm Res Grp, US DOE, Danish Tech Res Council, Cowifonden DE virus; groundwater; PRDI; subsurface; attachment; inactivation; subsurface transport; aquifers ID SATURATED DUNE SAND; VIRUS ADSORPTION; POROUS-MEDIA; INDICATOR VIRUSES; COLLOID TRANSPORT; ENTERIC VIRUSES; SHALE SAPROLITE; GRAVEL AQUIFER; FIELD-SCALE; REMOVAL AB PRD1, an icosahedra-shaped, 62 nm (diameter), double-stranded DNA bacteriophage with an internal membrane, has emerged as an important model virus for studying the manner in which microorganisms are transported through a variety of groundwater environments. The popularity of this phage for use in transport studies involving geologic media is due, in part, to its relative stability over a range of temperatures and low degree of attachment in aquifer sediments. Laboratory and field investigations employing PRD1 are leading to a better understanding of viral attachment and transport behaviors in saturated geologic media and to improved methods for describing mathematically subsurface microbial transport at environmentally significant field scales. Radioisotopic labeling of PRD1 is facilitating additional information about the nature of viral interactions with solid surfaces in geologic media, the importance of iron oxide surfaces, and allowing differentiation between inactivation and attachment in field-scale tracer tests. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of the Federation of European Microbiological Societies. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Harvey, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM rwharvey@usgs.gov RI Ryan, Joseph/H-7025-2012; Harvey, Ronald/C-5783-2013 OI Harvey, Ronald/0000-0002-2791-8503 NR 79 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 49 IS 1 BP 3 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.femsec.2003.09.015 PG 14 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 836IL UT WOS:000222549000002 PM 19712379 ER PT J AU Wagner, T Congleton, JL Marsh, DM AF Wagner, T Congleton, JL Marsh, DM TI Smolt-to-adult return rates of juvenile chinook salmon transported through the Snake-Columbia River hydropower system, USA, in relation to densities of co-transported juvenile steelhead SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE barge transportation; Columbia Basin; salmon recovery; Snake River dams; delayed mortality ID COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; MARINE SURVIVAL; TEMPERATURE; INDEXES; BASIN AB To reduce mortality associated with passage of migrating juvenile salmonids through the Snake-Columbia River Federal power system, a large percentage of smolts migrating from the Snake River basin are currently transported downstream through the hydropower system in fish-transport barges. It has recently been suggested that transportation-associated stressors may reduce the fitness of juvenile chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and increase mortality after seawater entry. Because the major stressor for transported juvenile chinook salmon is believed to be co-transportation with larger and more aggressive juvenile steelhead O. mykiss, we tested the hypothesis that smolt-to-adult return rates (SARs) of transported yearling chinook salmon were negatively correlated with densities of co-transported steelhead. Our analysis, using SARs and barge loading data for groups of chinook salmon transported on a daily basis in 1995, 1998, and 1999, failed to confirm a relationship between chinook salmon survival and steelhead density. These results do not preclude the possibility of an undetected inverse relationship between post-release survival of transported chinook salmon and densities of co-transported steelhead, but do suggest that if such an effect exists it is less important than other factors, such as seasonal changes in estuarine and marine productivity or predator abundance. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Wagner, T (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM wagnerty@msu.edu NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 68 IS 1-3 BP 259 EP 270 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2003.11.006 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 831XU UT WOS:000222230900022 ER PT J AU Taggart, SJ O'Clair, CE Shirley, TC Mondragon, J AF Taggart, SJ O'Clair, CE Shirley, TC Mondragon, J TI Estimating dungeness crab (Cancer magister) abundance: crab pots and dive transects compared SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; POPULATION BEHAVIOR; DYNAMICS; CATCHES; TRENDS; TRAPS AB Dungeness crabs (Cancer magister) were sampled with commercial pots and counted by scuba divers on benthic transects at eight sites near Glacier Bay, Alaska. Catch per unit of effort (CPUE) from pots was compared to the density estimates from dives to evaluate the bias and power of the two techniques. Yearly sampling was conducted in two seasons: April and September, from 1992 to 2000. Male CPUE estimates from pots were significantly lower in April than in the following September; a step-wise regression demonstrated that season accounted for more of the variation in male CPUE than did temperature. In both April and September, pot sampling was significantly biased against females. When females were categorized as ovigerous and nonovigerous, it was clear that ovigerous females accounted for the majority of the bias because pots were not biased against nonovigerous females. We compared the power of pots and dive transects in detecting trends in populations and found that pots had much higher power than dive transects. Despite their low power, the dive transects were very useful for detecting bias in our pot sampling and in identifying the optimal times of year to sample so that pot bias could be avoided. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Glacier Bay Field Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau Ctr Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Taggart, SJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Glacier Bay Field Stn, 3100 Natl Pk Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM jim_taggart@usgs.gov NR 35 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 102 IS 3 BP 488 EP 497 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 842UP UT WOS:000223030100008 ER PT J AU Woodside, JM Garrison, RE Moore, JC Kvenvolden, KA AF Woodside, JM Garrison, RE Moore, JC Kvenvolden, KA TI Preface to thematic issue on hydrocarbon seeps in marginal seas SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Free Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Garrison, RE (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM regarris@cats.ucsc.edu NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0276-0460 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 24 IS 3 BP 133 EP 134 DI 10.1007/s00367-004-0176-z PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 835WF UT WOS:000222515500001 ER PT J AU Houghton, JL Shanks, WC Seyfried, WE AF Houghton, JL Shanks, WC Seyfried, WE TI Massive sulfide deposition and trace element remobilization in the Middle Valley sediment-hosted hydrothermal system, northern Juan de Fuca Rdge SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID PROTON-MICROPROBE ANALYSES; SEA-FLOOR; MINERAL-DEPOSITS; ATLANTIC RIDGE; FLUID-FLOW; CHALCOPYRITE; SPHALERITE; CHEMISTRY; PATTERNS; SULFUR AB The Bent Hill massive sulfide deposit and ODP Mound deposit in Middle Valley at the northernmost end of the Juan de Fuca Ridge are two of the largest modern seafloor hydrothermal deposit, yet explored. Trace metal concentrations of sulfide minerals, determined by laser-ablation ICP-MS, were used in conjunction with mineral paragenetic studies and thermodynamic calculations to deduce the history of fluid-mineral reactions during sulfide deposition. Detailed analyses of the distribution of metals in sulfides indicate significant shifts in the physical and chemical conditions responsible for the trace element variability observed in these sulfide deposits, Trace elements (Mn, Co, Ni, A,, Se, Ag, Cd, Sb, Pb, and Bi) analyzed in a representative suite of 10 thin sections from these deposits suggest differences in conditions and processes of hydrothermal alteration resulting in mass transfer of metals from the center of the deposits to the margins. Enrichments of some trace metals (Pb, Sb, Cd, Ag) in sphalerite at the margins of the deposits are best explained by dissolution/reprecipitation processes consistent with secondary remineralization. Results of reaction-path models clarify mechanisms of mass transfer during remineralization of sulfide deposits due to mixing of hydrothermal fluids with seawater. Model results are consistent with patterns of observed mineral paragenesis and help to identify conditions (pH, redox, temperature) that may be responsible for variations in trace metal concentrations in primary and secondary minerals. Differences in trace metal distributions throughout a single deposit and between nearby deposits at Middle Valley can be linked to the history of metal mobilization within this active hydrothermal system that may have broad implications for sulfide ore formation in other sedimented and unsedimented ridge systems. Copyright (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol & Geophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Houghton, JL (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol & Geophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM hough003@umn.edu NR 42 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2004 VL 68 IS 13 BP 2863 EP 2873 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2003.12.023 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 831PL UT WOS:000222206700008 ER PT J AU Bruhn, RL Pavlis, TL Plafker, G Serpa, L AF Bruhn, RL Pavlis, TL Plafker, G Serpa, L TI Deformation during terrane accretion in the Saint Elias orogen, Alaska SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE terrane accretion; Saint Elias orogen; Alaska; transpression; deformation ID NORTH-AMERICAN PLATE; YAKATAGA SEISMIC GAP; COPPER RIVER BASIN; SOUTHERN ALASKA; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; YAKUTAT BLOCK; ST-ELIAS; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRAIN; FAIRWEATHER FAULT; CHUGACH MOUNTAINS AB The Saint Elias orogen of southern Alaska and adjacent Canada is a complex belt of mountains formed by collision and accretion of the Yakutat terrane into the transition zone from transform faulting to subduction in the northeast Pacific. The orogen is an active analog for tectonic processes that formed much of the North American Cordillera, and is also an important site to study (1) the relationships between climate and tectonics, and (2) structures that generate large- to great-magnitude earthquakes. The Yakutat terrane is a fragment of the North American plate margin that is partly subducted beneath and partly accreted to the continental margin of southern Alaska. Interaction between the Yakutat terrane and the North American and Pacific plates causes significant differences in the style of deformation within the terrane. Deformation in the eastern part of the terrane is caused by strike-slip faulting along the Fairweather transform fault and by reverse faulting beneath the coastal mountains, but there is little deformation immediately offshore. The central part of the orogen is marked by thrusting of the Yakutat terrane beneath the North American plate along the Chugach-Saint Elias fault and development of a wide, thin-skinned fold-and-thrust belt. Strike-slip faulting in this segment may be localized in the hanging wall of the Chugach-Saint Elias fault, or dissipated by thrust faulting beneath a north-northeast-trending belt of active deformation that cuts obliquely across the eastern end of the fold-and-thrust belt. Superimposed folds with complex shapes and plunging hinge lines accommodate horizontal shortening and extension in the western part of the orogen, where the sedimentary cover of the Yakutat terrane is accreted into the upper plate of the Aleutian subduction zone. These three structural segments are separated by transverse tectonic boundaries that cut across the Yakutat terrane and also coincide with the courses of piedmont glaciers that flow from the topographic backbone of the Saint Elias Mountains onto the coastal plain. The Malaspina fault-Pamplona structural zone separates the eastern and central parts of the orogen and is marked by reverse faulting and folding. Onshore, most of this boundary is buried beneath the western or "Agassiz" lobe of the Malaspina piedmont glacier. The boundary between the central fold-and-thrust belt and western zone of superimposed folding lies beneath the middle and lower course of the Bering piedmont glacier. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Bruhn, RL (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, 135 South,1460 East,Room 719, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM rlbruhn@mines.utah.edu NR 61 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 8 PU ASSOC ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD, STE 960-S, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 116 IS 7-8 BP 771 EP 787 DI 10.1130/B25182.1 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 835OM UT WOS:000222493100001 ER PT J AU Potter, CJ Day, WC Sweetkind, DS Dickerson, RP AF Potter, CJ Day, WC Sweetkind, DS Dickerson, RP TI Structural geology of the proposed site area for a high-level radioactive waste repository, Yucca Mountain, Nevada SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE structural geology; Yucca Mountain; Nevada; faults; joints ID RANGE PROVINCE; VOLCANIC FIELD; UNITED-STATES; STRESS; CONSTRAINTS; FRAMEWORK; ROTATION; BASIN; ZONE; FLAT AB Geologic mapping and fracture studies have documented the fundamental patterns of joints and faults in the thick sequence of rhyolite tuffs at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, the proposed site of an underground repository for high-level radioactive waste. The largest structures are north-striking, block-bounding normal faults (with a subordinate left-lateral component) that divide the mountain into numerous 1-4-km-wide panels of gently east-dipping strata. Block-bounding faults, which underwent Quaternary movement as well as earlier Neogene movement, are linked by dominantly northwest-striking relay faults, especially in the more extended southern part of Yucca Mountain. Intrablock faults are commonly short and discontinuous, except those on the more intensely deformed margins of the blocks. Lithologic properties of the local tuff stratigraphy strongly control the mesoscale fracture network, and locally the fracture network has a strong influence on the nature of intrablock faulting. The least faulted part of Yucca Mountain is the north-central part, the site of the proposed repository. Although bounded by complex normal-fault systems, the 4-km-wide central block contains only sparse intrablock faults. Locally intense jointing appears to be strata-bound. The complexity of deformation and the magnitude of extension increase in all directions away from the proposed repository volume, especially in the southern part of the mountain where the intensity of deformation and the amount of vertical-axis rotation increase markedly. Block-bounding faults were active at Yucca Mountain during and after eruption of the 12.8-12.7 Ma Paintbrush Group, and significant motion on these faults postdated the 11.6 Ma Rainier Mesa Tuff. Diminished fault activity continued into Quaternary time. Roughly half of the stratal tilting in the site area occurred after 11.6 Ma, probably synchronous with the main pulse of vertical-axis rotation, which occurred between 11.6 and 11.45 Ma. Studies of sequential formation of tectonic joints, in the context of regional paleo-stress studies, indicate that north- and northwest-striking joint sets formed coevally with the main faulting episode during regional east-northeast-west-southwest extension and that a prominent northeast-striking joint set formed later, probably after 9 Ma. These structural analyses contribute to the understanding of several important issues at Yucca Mountain, including potential hydrologic pathways, seismic hazards, and fault-displacement hazards. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. SM Stoller Corp, Lafayette, CO 80026 USA. RP Potter, CJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM cpotter@usgs.gov OI Sweetkind, Donald/0000-0003-0892-4796 NR 62 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU ASSOC ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD, STE 960-S, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 116 IS 7-8 BP 858 EP 879 DI 10.1130/B25328.1 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 835OM UT WOS:000222493100006 ER PT J AU Lidz, BH AF Lidz, BH TI Coral reef complexes at an atypical windward platform margin: Late Quaternary, southeast Florida SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE windward carbonate margin; coral reef complexes; evolution; Florida Keys; outlier reefs; paleotopography; progradation; Quaternary; sea levels; shelf-edge models ID KEY LARGO LIMESTONE; SEA-LEVEL; MARINE-SANCTUARY; HUON-PENINSULA; WEST-INDIES; NEW-GUINEA; U-SERIES; BARBADOS; BAHAMAS; DUST AB Major coral reef complexes rim many modern and ancient carbonate platforms. Their role in margin evolution is not fully understood, particularly when they border a margin atypical of the classic model. Classic windward margins are steeply inclined. The windward margin of southeast Florida is distinct with a very low-gradient slope and a shelf edge ringed with 30-m-high Quaternary outlier reefs on a shallow upper-slope terrace. A newly developed synthesis of temporally well-constrained geologic events is used with surface and subsurface seismic-reflection contours to construct morphogenetic models of four discontinuous reef-complex sequences. The models show uneven subsurface topography, upward and landward buildups, and a previously unreported, rapid, Holocene progradation. The terms backstepped reef-complex margin, backfilled prograded margin, and coalesced reef-complex margin are proposed for sections exhibiting suitable signatures in the stratigraphic record. The models have significant implications for interpretation of ancient analogues. The Florida record chronicles four kinds of geologic events. (1) Thirteen transgressions high enough for marine deposition occurred between ca. 325 ka and the present. Six gave rise to stratigraphically successive coral reef complexes between ca. 185 and ca. 77.8 ka. The seventh reef ecosystem is Holocene. (2) Two primary coral reef architectures built the outer shelf and margin, producing respective ridge-and-swale and reef-and-trough geometries of very different scales. (3) Massive outlier reefs developed on an upper-slope terrace between ca. 106.5 and ca. 80 ka and are inferred to contain corals that would date to highstands at ca. 140 and 125 ka. (4) Sea level remained below elevation of the shelf between ca. 77.8 and ca. 9.6 ka. C1 US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Lidz, BH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM blidz@usgs.gov NR 73 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 6 PU ASSOC ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD, STE 960-S, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 116 IS 7-8 BP 974 EP 988 DI 10.1130/B25172.1 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 835OM UT WOS:000222493100013 ER PT J AU Dusel-Bacon, C Wooden, JL Hopkins, MJ AF Dusel-Bacon, C Wooden, JL Hopkins, MJ TI U-Pb zircon and geochemical evidence for bimodal mid-Paleozoic magmatism and syngenetic base-metal mineralization in the Yukon-Tanana terrane, Alaska SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE U-Pb zircon; geochemistry; Alaska; mid-Paleozoic magmatism; Cordilleran tectonics; Cordilleran VMS deposits ID EAST-CENTRAL ALASKA; MESOZOIC TECTONIC EVOLUTION; RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS; CANADIAN-CORDILLERA; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; AR-40/AR-39 DATA; AUGEN GNEISS; CRATER LAKE; ROCKS; DISCRIMINATION AB New SHRIMP (sensitive, high-resolution ion microprobe) U-Pb zircon ages and trace element geochemical data for mafic and felsic metaigneous rocks of the pericratonic Yukon-Tanana terrane in east-central Alaska help define the tectonic setting of mid-Paleozoic magmatism and syngenetic hydrothermal Zn-Pb-Ag mineralization along the ancient Pacific margin of North America. We compare data from similar greenschist-facies sequences of bimodal volcanic and subvolcanic rocks associated with carbonaceous and siliciclastic marine sedimentary rocks, in the Wood River area of the Alaska Range and the Salcha River area of the Yukon-Tanana Upland, and from amphibolite-facies augen gneiss and mafic gneiss (amphibolite) in the Goodpaster River area of the upland. Allowing for analytical uncertainties, igneous crystallization age ranges of 376-353 Ma, 378-346 Ma, and 374-358 Ma are indicated by 13 new SHRIMP U-Pb dates for the Wood River, Salcha River, and Goodpaster River areas, respectively. Bimodal magmatism is indicated by Late Devonian crystallization ages for both augen gneiss (371 +/- 3 and 362 +/- 4 Ma) and associated orthoamphibolite (369 +/- 3 Ma) in the upland and by stratigraphic interleaving of mafic and felsic rocks in the Alaska Range. Metabasites in all three study areas have elevated HFSE (high field strength element) and REE (rare earth element) contents indicative of generation in a within-plate (extensional) tectonic setting. Within-plate trace element signatures also are indicated for peralkaline metarhyolites that host the largest volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits of the Bonnifield district in the Wood River area and for metarhyolite tuff interlayered with the carbonaceous Nasina assemblage, which hosts sedimentary exhalative sulfide occurrences in the Salcha River area. Most of the other felsic metaigneous samples from the Alaska Range and the Yukon-Tanana Upland have geochemical signatures that are similar to those of both average upper continental crust and continental-margin arc rocks generated in thick continental crust. Given the absence in our study areas of intermediate-composition magmatic products generally found in most arcs, and the presence of bimodal magmatism, the alkalic within-plate chemistry of the mafic rocks and some of the felsic rocks, and the widespread occurrence of interlayered carbonaceous sedimentary rocks indicative of deposition within a restricted marine basin or submerged continental margin, we consider it most likely that this prolonged Late Devonian to Early Mississippian magmatic episode resulted from attenuation of the ancient continental margin of western North America, rather than development of an arc, as proposed by many others. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Dusel-Bacon, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM cdusel@usgs.gov NR 99 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 9 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 116 IS 7-8 BP 989 EP 1015 DI 10.1130/B25342.1 PG 27 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 835OM UT WOS:000222493100014 ER PT J AU Crusius, J Pedersen, TF Kienast, S Keigwin, L Labeyrie, L AF Crusius, J Pedersen, TF Kienast, S Keigwin, L Labeyrie, L TI Influence of northwest Pacific productivity on North Pacific Intermediate Water oxygen concentrations during the Boiling-Allerod interval (14.7-12.9 ka) SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE laminations; productivity; North Pacific; anoxic environment; continental margin ID SANTA-BARBARA BASIN; CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; LAST DEGLACIATION; OCEAN; VENTILATION; CIRCULATION; RECORD; REMINERALIZATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; VARIABILITY AB Elevated productivity in the northwest Pacific is suggested as a new possible control driving past intervals of low-O-2 intermediate water along the western continental margin of North America. According to this mechanism, O-2 consumption would occur near the site of formation of North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW), due to increased respiration of organic carbon in response to a high-productivity event. Evidence is provided for such a productivity increase during the Bolling-Angstromllerod interval (14.7-12.9 ka), a time when laminated sediments were deposited along the northern California margin. By this mechanism, low-O-2 events in intermediate waters off the western North American margin could occur without significant changes in the rate of NPIW ventilation. C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Versailles, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, LSCE, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Crusius, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Wood Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 36 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 16 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JUL PY 2004 VL 32 IS 7 BP 633 EP 636 DI 10.1130/G20508.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 835NP UT WOS:000222490800023 ER PT J AU Snyder, NP AF Snyder, NP TI Geomorphology SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP Snyder, NP (reprint author), Boston Coll, Dept Geol & Geophys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. EM nsnyder@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 USA SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD JUL PY 2004 VL 49 IS 7 BP 22 EP 22 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 836HF UT WOS:000222545800020 ER PT J AU Behrendt, JC Blankenship, DD Morse, DL Bell, RE AF Behrendt, JC Blankenship, DD Morse, DL Bell, RE TI Shallow-source aeromagnetic anomalies observed over the West Antarctic Ice Sheet compared with coincident bed topography from radar ice sounding - new evidence for glacial "removal" of subglacially erupted late Cenozoic rift-related volcanic edifices SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE LA English DT Article DE aeromagnetic; radar ice sounding; ice sheets; volcanoes; rifts; erosion ID SYSTEM; ICELAND; BENEATH; EVOLUTION; PATTERNS AB Aeromagnetic and radar ice sounding results from the 1991-1997 Central West Antarctica (CWA) acrogeophysical survey over part of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) and subglacial area of the volcanically active West Antarctic rift system have enabled detailed examination of specific anomaly sources. These anomalies, previously interpreted as caused by late Cenozoic subglacial volcanic centers, are compared to newly available glacial bed-elevation data from the radar ice sounding compilation of the entire area of the aeromagnetic survey to test this hypothesis in detail. We examined about 1000 shallow-source magnetic anomalies for bedrock topographic expression. Using very conservative criteria, we found over 400 specific anomalies which correlate with bed topography directly beneath each anomaly. We interpret these anomalies as indicative of the relative abundance of volcanic anomalies having shallow magnetic sources. Of course, deeper source magnetic anomalies are present, but these have longer wavelengths, lower gradients and mostly lower amplitudes from those caused by the highly magnetic late Cenozoic volcanic centers. The great bulk of these >400 (40-1200-nT) anomaly sources at the base of the ice have low bed relief (60-600 m, with about 80% <200 m). We interpret this relief as an indication of residual topography after glacial removal of volcanic edifices comprising hyaloclastite, pillow breccia and other volcanic debris erupted into the moving ice during volcanism since the initiation of the WAIS >10 million years ago. Eighteen of the anomalies examined, about half concentrated in the area of the WAIS divide, have high-topographic expression (as great as 400 in above sea level) and high bed relief (up to 1500 m). All of these high-topography anomaly sources at the base of the ice would isostatically rebound to elevations above sea level were the ice removed. We interpret these 18 anomaly sources as evidence of subacrial eruption of volcanoes whose topography was protected from erosion by competent volcanic flows similar to prominent volcanic peaks that are exposed above the surface of the WAIS. Further, we infer these volcanoes as possibly erupted at a time when the WAIS was absent. In contrast, at the other extreme, there are a number of shallow-source, volcanic appearing magnetic anomalies overlying the very smooth bed topography in the survey area beneath Ice Stream D (Bindshadler Ice Stream); the glacial bed probably comprises a very thin layer of unconsolidated sediments (till). Probably, the volcanic edifices here were removed at a more rapid rate because of fast glacial flow. A few of the very shallow-source "volcanic" anomalies overlie the ice shelf just downstream of the grounding line of Ice Stream D, suggesting a causal relationship, if the volcanism is recent. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Texas, UTIG, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Columbia Univ, LDEO, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RP Behrendt, JC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM behrendj@colorado.edu RI Blankenship, Donald/G-5935-2010 NR 44 TC 22 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8181 J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE JI Glob. Planet. Change PD JUL PY 2004 VL 42 IS 1-4 BP 177 EP 193 DI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2003.10.006 PG 17 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 845ID UT WOS:000223234800013 ER EF