FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Konikow, LF August, LL Voss, CI AF Konikow, LF August, LL Voss, CI TI Effects of clay dispersion on aquifer storage and recovery in coastal aquifers SO TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA LA English DT Article DE clay dispersion; coastal aquifers; aquifer storage; column experiments; numerical simulation; finite-element modeling ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; INTERFACE AB Cyclic injection, storage, and withdrawal of freshwater in brackish aquifers is a form of aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) that can beneficially supplement water supplies in coastal areas. A 1970s field experiment in Norfolk, Virginia, showed that clay dispersion in the unconsolidated sedimentary aquifer occurred because of cation exchange on clay minerals as freshwater displaced brackish formation water. Migration of interstitial clay particles clogged pores, reduced permeability, and decreased recovery efficiency, but a calcium preflush was found to reduce clay dispersion and lead to a higher recovery efficiency. Column experiments were performed in this study to quantify the relations between permeability changes and clay mineralogy, clay content, and initial water salinity. The results of these experiments indicate that dispersion of montmorillonite clay is a primary contributor to formation damage. The reduction in permeability by clay dispersion may be expressed as a linear function of chloride content. Incorporating these simple functions into a radial, cross-sectional, variable-density, ground-water flow and transport model yielded a satisfactory simulation of the Norfolk field test - and represented an improvement over the model that ignored changes in permeability. This type of model offers a useful planning and design tool for ASR operations in coastal clastic aquifer systems. C1 Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. RP Konikow, LF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-3913 J9 TRANSPORT POROUS MED JI Transp. Porous Media PD APR PY 2001 VL 43 IS 1 BP 45 EP 64 DI 10.1023/A:1010613525547 PG 20 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 417UZ UT WOS:000167853700004 ER PT J AU Brown, DK Echelle, AA Propst, DL Brooks, JE Fisher, WL AF Brown, DK Echelle, AA Propst, DL Brooks, JE Fisher, WL TI Catastrophic wildfire and number of populations as factors influencing risk of extinction for Gila trout (Oncorhynchus gilae) SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Gila trout; Oncorhynchus gilae; endangered species; southwestern New Mexico; management ID VIABILITY ANALYSIS; UNITED-STATES; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT AB We used the computer program RAMAS to explore the sensitivity of an extinction-risk model for the Gila trout (Oncorhynchus gilae) to management of wildfires and number of populations of the species. The Gila trout is an endangered salmonid presently restricted to ver), few headwaters of the Gila and San Francisco river tributaries in southwestern New Mexico. Life history. data for 10 extant populations were used to examine sensitivity of the species viability to changes in a variety of factors including population size, fecundity, life stage structure, number of populations, severity and probability of forest fires, and a regulated fishery. The probability and. severity of forest fires and number of populations had the greatest effect on viability. Results indicate that successful conservation of Gila trout requires establishment of additional populations and reduction of the severity of forest fires through a program incorporating more frequent, but less severe, fires. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. New Mexico Dept Game & Fish, Santa Fe, NM 87504 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Albuquerque, NM 87113 USA. RP Echelle, AA (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. NR 42 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 16 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD APR PY 2001 VL 61 IS 2 BP 139 EP 148 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 427RB UT WOS:000168418300002 ER PT J AU Roelle, JE Gladwin, DN Cade, BS AF Roelle, JE Gladwin, DN Cade, BS TI Establishment, growth, and early survival of woody riparian species at a Colorado gravel pit SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE seedlings; survival; Populas; Salix; Tamarix; drawdown; herbaceous cover; flooding ID MISSOURI RIVER; COTTONWOOD RECRUITMENT; PLAINS COTTONWOOD; SOUTHERN ALBERTA; NATURAL SEEDFALL; WATER-TABLE; FLOODPLAIN; VEGETATION; MONTANA; DECLINE AB Presence of a wetted edge during the period of seedfall was an effective predictor of suitable establishment (defined as germination and survival to the Ist autumn locations for Populus deltoides subsp. monilifera, Salix amygdaloides, S. exigua, and Tamarix ramosissima seedlings during 3 successive years of a gravel pit revegetation project in Fort Collins, Colorado. At locations predicted to be suitable For establishment, position within the pit (possibly reflecting additional moisture provided by seepage) was a significant factor in determining whether establishment actually occurred. Cover of herbaceous species, which became established at the same time as, or after, woody seedlings, was positively related to probability: of establishment for 8 of 11 species-year combinations, probably reflecting more favorable moisture conditions tit certain locations. Herbaceous cover also was positively related to seedling height at the end of the Ist summer of growth for 9 of 11 species-lear combinations. Neither establishment nor 1st-summer growth was consistently related to overall decline in the water table as estimated by the drop in surface-water level during the growing season. Flooding in the 1st spring after establishment was negatively related to subsequent survival for 5 of 8 species-year combinations. The 4 species established at different elevations in the pit, depending on location of the wetted edge during the period of seedfall, and there was no evidence that differential mortality subsequently altered their distribution along the elevation gradient. However the primary objective in this study was to restore native woody species, and we attempted to maintain conditions conducive to meeting this objective. Differential postestablishment mortality may be more important in structuring the riparian community in more rigorous riverine environments. C1 US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Roelle, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, 4512 McMurry Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD APR PY 2001 VL 61 IS 2 BP 182 EP 194 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 427RB UT WOS:000168418300005 ER PT J AU Buhler, ML Anderson, SH AF Buhler, ML Anderson, SH TI Ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) drumming log and habitat use in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE conifer forest; drumming logs; Grand Teton National Park; habitat use; Ruffed Grouse; Bonasa umbellus; screening cover; Wyoming AB We described 15 Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus) drumming logs and adjacent habitat within Grand Teton National Park. Wyoming. Drumming logs and adjacent habitat differed from 30 random non-drumming sites. Drumming logs had fewer limbs (8, P = 0.003) and a smaller percentage of bark remaining (12%; P = 0.0001). These lolls were in advanced stages of decay but were still firm to the touch. Additionally, drumming logs were found close to clearings but in areas with increased amounts of undergrowth and mature bees. Adjacent habitat analysis (0.04-ha circular plot centered on logs) indicated drumming locations had significantly greater average canopy height, more vegetative cover consisting of conifer and total canopy cover, and more vertical foliage between 0.3 m and 3.0 m in height. Adjacent habitat was in advanced stages of maturity as indicated by significant numbers of both lace-diameter logs and large-diameter lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) and quarking aspen (Populus tremuloides) snags. Tree species dominating the canopy and subcanopy were large-diameter Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii), lodgepole pine, and quaking aspen. Subalpine fir ((Abies lasiocarpa) and quaking aspen saplings were more numerous at used sites. Ruffed Grouse drummed in coniferous areas within close proximity of quaking aspen. C1 Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Buhler, ML (reprint author), 13620 SW Beef Bend Rd 107, Tigard, OR 97224 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD APR PY 2001 VL 61 IS 2 BP 236 EP 240 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 427RB UT WOS:000168418300011 ER PT J AU Johnson, PR Kattan, F AF Johnson, PR Kattan, F TI Oblique sinistral transpression in the Arabian shield: the timing and kinematics of a Neoproterozoic suture zone SO PRECAMBRIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Precambrian Terrane Boundaries CY MAY 27-28, 1999 CL SUDBURY, CANADA DE terrane amalgamation; suture; transpression; neoproterozoic; Arabian shield ID STRIKE-SLIP OROGEN; SAUDI-ARABIA; CONTINENTAL MICROPLATE; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE; NUBIAN SHIELD; FAULT SYSTEM; ISLAND ARCS; ACCRETION; SUDAN AB The Hulayfah-Ad Dafinah-Ruwah fault zone is a belt of highly strained rocks that extends in a broad curve across the northeastern Arabian shield. It is a subvertical shear zone, 5-30 km wide and over 600 km long, and is interpreted as a zone of oblique sinistral transpression that forms the suture between the Afif terrane and the Asir-Jiddah-Hijaz-Hulayfah superterrane. Available data suggest that the terranes began to converge sometime after 720 Ma, were in active contact at about 680 Ma, and were in place, with suturing complete, by 630 Ma. The fault zone was affected by sinistral horizontal and local vertical shear, and simultaneous flattening and fault-zone-parallel extension. Structures include sinistral sense-of-shear indicators, L-S tectonite, and coaxial stretching lineations and fold axes. The stretching lineations switch from subhorizontal to subvertical along the fault zone indicating significant Variation in finite strain consistent with an origin by oblique transpression. The sense of shear on the fault zone suggests sinistral trajectories for the converging terranes, although extrapolating the shear sense of the suture zone to infer far-field motion must be done with caution. The amalgamation model derived from the chronologic and structural data for the fault zone modifies an existing model of terrane amalgamation and clarifies the definitions of two deformational events (the Nabitah orogeny and the Najd fault system) that are widely represented in the Arabian shield. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey Mission, Jeddah 21431, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Geol Survey, Jiddadh 21514, Saudi Arabia. RP Johnson, PR (reprint author), US Geol Survey Mission, POB 1488, Jeddah 21431, Saudi Arabia. NR 56 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-9268 J9 PRECAMBRIAN RES JI Precambrian Res. PD MAR 30 PY 2001 VL 107 IS 1-2 BP 117 EP 138 DI 10.1016/S0301-9268(00)00157-1 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 413EK UT WOS:000167596800007 ER PT J AU Mayanovic, RA Anderson, AJ Bassett, WA Chou, IM AF Mayanovic, RA Anderson, AJ Bassett, WA Chou, IM TI Hydrogen bond breaking in aqueous solutions near the critical point SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; DIAMOND-ANVIL CELL; SUPERCRITICAL WATER; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; BROMIDE ION; HYDRATION; EXPANSION; AMBIENT; XAFS AB The nature of water-anion bonding is examined using X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy on a Im ZnBr2/6m NaBr aqueous solution, to near critical conditions. Analyses show that upon heating the solution from 25 degreesC to 500 degreesC, a 63% reduction of waters occurs in the solvation shell of ZnBr42-, which is the predominant complex at all pressure-temperature conditions investigated. A similar reduction in the hydration shell of waters in the Br- aqua ion was found. Our results indicate that the water-anion and water-water bond breaking mechanisms occurring at high temperatures are essentially the same. This is consistent with the hydration waters being weakly hydrogen bonded to halide anions in electrolyte solutions. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SW Missouri State Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Mat Sci, Springfield, MO 65804 USA. St Francis Xavier Univ, Dept Geol, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada. Cornell Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Mayanovic, RA (reprint author), SW Missouri State Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Mat Sci, Springfield, MO 65804 USA. NR 22 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 16 PY 2001 VL 336 IS 3-4 BP 212 EP 218 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(01)00061-6 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 413AM UT WOS:000167587800006 ER PT J AU Matsumoto, A Hinkley, TK AF Matsumoto, A Hinkley, TK TI Trace metal suites in Antarctic pre-industrial ice are consistent with emissions from quiescent degassing of volcanoes worldwide SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE dust; trace metals; Antarctic Polar Cap; volcanism; lead; isotopes ID CADMIUM CONCENTRATIONS; GREENLAND ICE; SNOW; LEAD; ZINC; PB; PARTICULATE; ENRICHMENT; ELEMENTS; COPPER AB Trace metals are more abundant in atmospheric load and deposition material than can be due to rock and soil dusts and ocean salt. In pre-industrial ice from coastal west Antarctica, dust and salt account for only a few percent of the lead, cadmium, and indium that is present in most samples, less than half in any sample. For these trace metals, the deposition rate to the pre-industrial ice is approximately matched by the output rate to the atmosphere by quiescent (non-explosive) degassing of volcanoes worldwide, according to a new estimate. The basis of the match is the masses and proportions of the metals, and the proportions of Pb isotopes, in ice and in volcano emissions. The isotopic compositions of Pb in ice are similar to those of a suite of ocean island volcanoes, mostly in the southern hemisphere. The natural baseline values for pre-industrial atmospheric deposition fluxes of trace metal suites at Taylor Dome, and the worldwide quiescent volcano emissions fluxes to which they are linked, constitute a reasonably well-constrained baseline component for deposition fluxes of metals in modern times. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Geol Survey Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan. US Geol Survey 980, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Matsumoto, A (reprint author), Geol Survey Japan, 1-1-3 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan. NR 43 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD MAR 15 PY 2001 VL 186 IS 1 BP 33 EP 43 DI 10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00228-X PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 413ER UT WOS:000167597400004 ER PT J AU Landmeyer, JE Chapelle, FH Herlong, HH Bradley, PM AF Landmeyer, JE Chapelle, FH Herlong, HH Bradley, PM TI Methyl tert-butyl ether biodegradation by indigenous aquifer microorganisms under natural and artificial oxic conditions SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANAEROBIC BIODEGRADATION; UNITED-STATES; MTBE; GROUNDWATER; ATTENUATION; CULTURE; STREAM AB Microbial communities indigenous to a shallow groundwater system near Beaufort, SC, degraded milligram-per liter concentrations of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) under natural and artificial oxic conditions. Significant MTBE biodegradation was observed where anoxic, MTBE-contaminated groundwater discharged to a concrete-lined ditch. In the anoxic groundwater adjacent to the ditch, concentrations of MTBE were >1 mg/L. Where groundwater discharge occurs, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations beneath the ditch exceeded 1.0 mg/L to a depth of 1.5 m, and MTBE concentrations decreased to <1 g/L prior to discharge. MTBE mass flux calculations indicate that 96% of MTBE mass loss occurs in the relatively small oxic zone prior to discharge. Samples of a natural microbial biofilm present in the oxic zone-beneath the ditch completely degraded [U-C-14]MTBE to [C-14]CO2 in laboratory liquid culture studies, with no accumulation of intermediate compounds. Upgradient of the ditch in the anoxic, MTBE-and BTEX-contaminated aquifer, addition of a soluble oxygen release compound resulted in oxic conditions and rapid MTBE biodegradation by indigenous microorganisms. In an observation well located closest to the oxygen addition area, D0 concentrations increased from 0.4 to 12 mg/L in <60 days and MTBE concentrations decreased from 20 to 3 mg/L. In the same time period at a downgradient observation well, D0 increased from <0.2 to 2 mg/L and MTBE concentrations decreased from 30 to <5 mg/L. These results indicate that microorganisms indigenous to the groundwater system at this site can degrade milligram per liter concentrations of MTBE under natural and artificial oxic conditions. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. RP Landmeyer, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Suite 129,720 Gracern Rd, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. NR 41 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 15 PY 2001 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1118 EP 1126 DI 10.1021/es0013879 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 411ZN UT WOS:000167529700019 PM 11347923 ER PT J AU Kolpin, DW Thurman, EM Linhart, SM AF Kolpin, DW Thurman, EM Linhart, SM TI Occurrence of cyanazine compounds in groundwater: Degradates more prevalent than the parent compound SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEAR-SURFACE AQUIFERS; UNITED-STATES; WATER; HERBICIDES; ALACHLOR; PRODUCTS; METABOLITES; METOLACHLOR; PESTICIDES; DEETHYLATRAZINE AB A recently developed analytical method using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to investigate the occurrence of cyanazine and its degradates cyanazine acid (CAC), cyanazine amide (CAM), deethylcyanazine (DEC), and deethylcyanazine acid (DCAC) in groundwater. This research represents some of the earliest data on the occurrence of cyanazine degradates in groundwater. Although cyanazine was infrequently detected in the 64 wells across Iowa sampled in 1999, cyanazine degradates were commonly found during this study. The most frequently detected cyanazine compound was DCAC (32.8%) followed by CAC (29.7%), CAM (17.2%), DEC (3.1%), and cyanazine (3.1%). The frequency of detection for cyanazine or one or more of its degradates (CYTOT) was more than 12-fold over that of cyanazine alone (39.1% for CYTOT Versus 3.1% for cyanazine). Of the total measured concentration of cyanazine, only 0.2% was derived from its parent compound-with DCAC (74.1%) and CAC (18.4%) comprising 92.5% of this total. Thus, although DCAC and CAC had similar frequencies of detection, DCAC was generally present in higher concentrations. No concentrations of cyanazine compounds for this study exceeded water-quality criteria for the protection of human health. Only cyanazine, however, has such a criteria established. Nevertheless, because these cyanazine degradates are still chlorinated, they may have similar toxicity as their parent compound-similar to what has been found with the chlorinated degradates of atrazine. Thus, the results of this study documented that data on the degradates for cyanazine are critical for understanding its fate and transport in the hydrologic system. Furthermore, the prevalence of the chlorinated degradates of cyanazine found in groundwater suggests that to accurately determine the overall effect on human health and the environment from cyanazine its degradates should also be considered. In addition, because CYTOT was found in 57.6% of the samples collected from alluvia[ aquifers, about 2-5 times more frequently than the other major aquifer types (glacial drift, bedrock/karst, bedrock/nonkarst) under investigation, this finding has long-term implications for the occurrence of CYTOT in streams. It is anticipated that low-level concentrations of CYTOT will continue to be detected in streams for years after the use of cyanazine has terminated (scheduled for the year 2000 in the United States), primarily through its movement from groundwater into streams during base-flow conditions. C1 US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RP Kolpin, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 400 S Clinton St,POB 1230, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. RI Thurman, Earl/B-5131-2011 NR 36 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 15 PY 2001 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1217 EP 1222 DI 10.1021/es001520x PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 411ZN UT WOS:000167529700032 PM 11347936 ER PT J AU Reddy, MM Hoch, AR AF Reddy, MM Hoch, AR TI Calcite crystal growth rate inhibition by polycarboxylic acids SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE calcite; inhibitor; polycarboxylic acid; kinetics ID CARBOXYL-GROUP STRUCTURES; SUWANNEE RIVER; FULVIC-ACID; GEORGIA AB Calcite crystal growth rates measured in the presence of several polycarboxyclic acids show that tetrahydrofurantetracarboxylic acid (THFTCA) and cyclopentanetetracarboxylic acid (CPTCA) are effective growth rate inhibitors at low solution concentrations (0.01 to 1 mg/L). In contrast, linear polycarbocylic acids (citric acid and tricarballylic acid) had no inhibiting effect on calcite growth rates at concentrations up to 10 mg/L. Calcite crystal growth rate inhibition by cyclic polycarboxyclic acids appears to involve blockage of crystal growth sit es on the mineral surface by several carboxylate groups. Growth morphology varied for growth in the absence and in the presence of both THFTCA and CPTCA. More effective growth rate reduction by CPTCA relative to THFTCA suggests that inhibitor carboxylate stereochemical orientation controls calcite surface interaction with carboxylate inhibitors. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Lawrence Univ, Dept Geol, Appleton, WI 54912 USA. RP Reddy, MM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 15 TC 85 Z9 86 U1 2 U2 29 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2001 VL 235 IS 2 BP 365 EP 370 DI 10.1006/jcis.2000.7378 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 414DL UT WOS:000167650600024 ER PT J AU White, WB Cayan, DR Dettinger, MD Auad, G AF White, WB Cayan, DR Dettinger, MD Auad, G TI Sources of global warming in upper ocean temperature during El Nino SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EASTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; CHANGING SOLAR IRRADIANCE; ATLANTIC CIRCULATION; HEAT STORAGES; SIMULATION; TIMESCALE; ANOMALIES; BUDGETS AB Global average sea surface temperature (SST) from 40 degreesS to 60 degreesN fluctuates +/-0.3 degreesC on interannual period scales, with global warming (cooling) during El Nino (La Nina). About 90% of the global warming during El Nino occurs in the tropical global ocean from 20 degreesS to 20 degreesN, half because of large SST anomalies in the tropical Pacific associated with El Nino and the other half because of warm SST anomalies occurring over similar to 80% of the tropical global ocean. From examination of National Centers for Environmental Prediction [Kalnay et al., 1996] and Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set [Woodruff et al., 1993] reanalyses, tropical global warming during El Nino is associated with higher troposphere moisture content and cloud cover, with reduced trade wind intensity occurring during the onset phase of EI Nino. During this onset phase the tropical global average diabatic heat storage tendency in the layer above the main pycnocline is 1-3 Wm(-2) above normal. Its principal source is a reduction in the poleward Ekman heat flux out of the tropical ocean of 2-5 Wm(-2). Subsequently, peak tropical global warming during El Nino is dissipated by an increase in the flux of latent heat to the troposphere of 2-5 W m(-2), with reduced shortwave and longwave radiative fluxes in response to increased cloud cover tending to cancel each other. In the extratropical global ocean the reduction in poleward Ekman heat flux out of the tropics during the onset of El Nino tends to be balanced by reduction in the flux of latent heat to the troposphere. Thus global warming and cooling during Earth's internal mode of interannual climate variability arise from fluctuations in the global hydrological balance, not the global radiation balance. Since it occurs in the absence of extraterrestrial and anthropogenic forcing, global warming on decadal, interdecadal, and centennial period scales may also occur in association with Earth's internal modes of climate variability on those scales. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. RP White, WB (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 35 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR 15 PY 2001 VL 106 IS C3 BP 4349 EP 4367 DI 10.1029/1999JC000130 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 409WX UT WOS:000167409600001 ER PT J AU Johnston, MJS Byerlee, JD Lockner, D AF Johnston, MJS Byerlee, JD Lockner, D TI Rapid fluid disruption: A source for self-potential anomalies on volcanoes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID LA-FOURNAISE VOLCANO; OSHIMA VOLCANO; JAPAN; FLOW; EARTHQUAKES; RESISTIVITY; EMISSIONS; PRESSURE; ERUPTION; SYSTEMS AB Self-potential (SP) anomalies observed above suspected magma reservoirs, dikes, etc., on various volcanoes (Kilauea, Hawaii; Mount Unzen, Japan; Piton de la Fournaise, Reunion Island, Miyake Jima, Japan) result from transient surface electric fields of tens of millivolts per kilometer and generally have a positive polarity. These SP anomalies are usually attributed to electrokinetic effects where properties controlling this process are poorly constrained. We propose an alternate explanation that contributions to electric fields of correct polarity should be expected from charge generation by fluid vaporization/disruption. As liquids are vaporized or removed as droplets by gas transport away from hot dike intrusions, both charge generation and local. increase in electrical resistivity by removal of fluids should occur. We report laboratory observations of electric fields in hot rock samples generated by pulses of fluid (water) through the rock at atmospheric pressure. These indicate the relative amplitudes of rapid fluid disruption (RFD) potentials and electrokinetic potentials to be dramatically different and the signals are opposite in sign. Above vaporization temperatures, RFD effects of positive sign in the direction of gas flow dominate, whereas below these temperatures, effects of negative sign dominate. This suggests that the primary contribution to observed self-potential. anomalies arises from gas-related charge transport processes at temperatures high enough to produce vigorous boiling and vapor transport. At lower temperatures, the primary contribution is from electrokinetic effects modulated perhaps by changing electrical resistivity and RFD effects from high-pressure but low-temperature CO2 and SO2 gas flow ripping water molecules from saturated crustal rocks. If charge generation is continuous, as could well occur above a newly emplaced dike, positive static potentials will be set up that could be sustained for many years, and the simplest method for identifying these hot, active regions would be to identify the SP anomalies they generate. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Byerlee, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS977, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. EM mal@usgs.gov; lockner@usgs.gov NR 45 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAR 10 PY 2001 VL 106 IS B3 BP 4327 EP 4335 DI 10.1029/2000JB900349 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 409JA UT WOS:000167379500025 ER PT J AU Stern, LA Circone, S Kirby, SH Durham, WB AF Stern, LA Circone, S Kirby, SH Durham, WB TI Anomalous preservation of pure methane hydrate at 1 atm SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID GAS-HYDRATE; CLATHRATE HYDRATE; SUPERHEATED ICE; DISSOCIATION AB Direct measurement of decomposition rates of pure, polycrystalline methane hydrate reveals a thermal regime where methane hydrate metastably "preserves" in bulk by as much as 75 K above its nominal equilibrium temperature (193 K at 1 atm). Rapid release of the sample pore pressure at isothermal conditions between 242 and 271 K preserves up to 93% of the hydrate for at least 24 h, reflecting the greatly suppressed rates of dissociation that characterize this regime. Subsequent warming through the H(2)O ice point then induces rapid and complete dissociation, allowing controlled recovery of the total expected gas yield. This behavior is in marked contrast to that exhibited by methane hydrate at both colder (193-240 K) and warmer (272-290 K) test conditions, where dissociation rates increase monotonically with increasing temperature. Anomalous preservation has potential application for successful retrieval of natural gas hydrate or hydrate-bearing sediments from remote settings, as well as for temporary low-pressure transport and storage of natural gas. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Stern, LA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS-977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM lstern@usgs.gov; scircone@usgs.gov; skirby@usgs.gov; durham1@llnl.gov NR 22 TC 202 Z9 216 U1 8 U2 53 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 105 IS 9 BP 1756 EP 1762 DI 10.1021/jp003061s PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 407JF UT WOS:000167267900014 ER PT J AU Satoh, M Yoshida, H Mizutaru, A Ono, N Behney, KM Richards, HB Lorenson, TD Rosenbauer, RJ Reeves, WH AF Satoh, M Yoshida, H Mizutaru, A Ono, N Behney, KM Richards, HB Lorenson, TD Rosenbauer, RJ Reeves, WH TI Early induction of IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-alpha characterize the ability of hydrocarbons to induce anti-nRNP/Sm and -Su antibodies. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Fujita Hlth Univ, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan. Fukushima Med Coll, Fukushima, Japan. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A356 EP A356 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438102039 ER PT J AU Simmons, OD Sobsey, MD Heaney, CD Schaefer, FW Francy, DS AF Simmons, OD Sobsey, MD Heaney, CD Schaefer, FW Francy, DS TI Concentration and detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in surface water samples by method 1622 using ultrafiltration and capsule filtration SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HOLLOW-FIBER ULTRAFILTERS; PARVUM OOCYSTS; CHLORINE DIOXIDE; DRINKING-WATER; DISINFECTION; INACTIVATION; POLIOVIRUS; VIABILITY; OUTBREAK; REMOVAL AB The protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium parvum is known to occur widely in both source and drinking water and has caused waterborne outbreaks of gastroenteritis. To improve monitoring, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency developed method 1622 for isolation and detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in water. Method 1622 is performance based and involves filtration, concentration, immunomagnetic separation, fluorescent-antibody staining and 4 ' ,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) counterstaining, and microscopic evaluation. The capsule filter system currently recommended for method 1622 was compared to a hollow-fiber ultrafilter system for primary concentration of C. parvum oocysts in seeded reagent water and untreated surface waters. Samples were otherwise processed according to method 1622. Rates of C. parvum oocyst recovery from seeded 10-liter volumes of reagent water in precision and recovery experiments with filter pairs were 42% (standard deviation [SD], 24%) and 46% (SD, 18%) for hollow-fiber ultrafilters and capsule filters, respectively. Mean oocyst recovery rates in experiments testing both filters on seeded surface water samples were 42% (SD, 27%) and 15% (SD, 12%) for hollow-fiber ultrafilters and capsule filters, respectively. Although C. parvum oocysts were recovered from surface waters by using the approved filter of method 1622, the recovery rates were significantly lower and more variable than those from reagent grade water. In contrast, the disposable hollow-fiber ultrafilter system was compatible with subsequent method 1622 processing steps, and it recovered C. parvum oocysts from seeded surface waters with significantly greater efficiency and reliability than the filter suggested for use in the version of method 1622 tested. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. RP Simmons, OD (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 24 TC 77 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 67 IS 3 BP 1123 EP 1127 DI 10.1128/AEM.67.3.1123-1127.2001 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 407HM UT WOS:000167266200015 PM 11229901 ER PT J AU Blum, JS Stolz, JF Oren, A Oremland, RS AF Blum, JS Stolz, JF Oren, A Oremland, RS TI Selenihalanaerobacter shriftii gen. nov., sp nov., a halophilic anaerobe from Dead Sea sediments that respires selenate SO ARCHIVES OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE halophile; anaerobe; Selenihalanaerobacter shriftii gen. nov sp nov Dead Sea; selenate reduction; nitrate reduction ID BACTERIUM ACETOHALOBIUM-ARABATICUM; HYPERSALINE ENVIRONMENTS; CLOSTRIDIUM-LORTETII; BIOENERGETIC ASPECTS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; MONO LAKE; REDUCTION; SELENIUM; RESPIRATION; SULFATE AB We isolated an obligately anaerobic halophilic bacterium from the Dead Sea that grew by respiration of selenate. The isolate, designated strain DSSe-1. was a gramnegative, non-motile rod. It oxidized glycerol or glucose to acetate+CO2 with concomitant reduction of selenate to selenite plus elemental selenium. Other electron accepters that supported anaerobic growth on glycerol were nitrate and trimethylamine-N-oxide; nitrite, arsenate, fumarate, dimethylsulfoxide, thiosulfate. elemental sulfur, sulfite or sulfate could not serve as electron accepters. Growth on glycerol in the presence of nitrate occurred over a salinity range from 100 to 240 g/l, with an optimum at 210 g/l. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence suggests that strain DSSe-1 belongs to the order Halanaerobiales, an order of halophilic anaerobes with a fermentative or homoacetogenic metabolism, in which anaerobic respiratory metabolism has never been documented. The highest 16S rRNA sequence similarity (90%) was found with Acetohalobium arabaticum (X89077). On the basis of physiological properties as well as the relatively low homology of 16S rRNA from strain DSSe-1 with known genera, classification in a new genus within the order Halanaerobiales, family Halobacteroidaceae is warranted. We propose the name Selenihalanaerobacter shriftii. Type strain is strain DSSe-1 (ATCC accession number BAA-73). C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. Duquesne Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Moshe Shilo Minerva Ctr Marine Biotechnol, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Oremland, RS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,Ms 480, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 58 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0302-8933 J9 ARCH MICROBIOL JI Arch. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 175 IS 3 BP 208 EP 219 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 421HF UT WOS:000168058400006 PM 11357513 ER PT J AU Yost, AC Wright, RG AF Yost, AC Wright, RG TI Moose, caribou, and grizzly bear distribution in relation to road traffic in Denali National Park, Alaska SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE Alaska; caribou (Rangifer tarandus); Denali; grizzly bears (Ursus arctos); moose (Alces alces); road traffic; viewsheds ID AVAILABILITY DATA AB Park managers are concerned that moose (Alces alces), caribou (Rangifer tarandus), and grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) may be avoiding areas along the 130 km road through Denali National Park as a result of high traffic volume, thus decreasing opportunities for visitors to view wildlife. A wildlife monitoring system was developed in 1996 that used 19 landscape level viewsheds, stratified into four sections based on decreasing traffic along the road corridor. Data were collected from 22 samplings of all viewsheds during May-August in 1996 and 1997. In 1997, nine backcountry viewsheds were established in three different areas to determine whether density estimates for each species in the backcountry were higher than those for the same animals in similar road-corridor areas. Densities higher than those in the road corridor were found in one backcountry area for moose and in two backcountry areas for grizzly bears. None of the backcountry areas showed a higher density of caribou. We tested hypotheses that moose, caribou, and grizzly bear distributions were unrelated to the road and traffic. Moose sightings were lower than expected within 300 m of the road. More caribou and grizzly bears than expected occurred between 601 and 900 m from the road, while more moose and fewer caribou than expected occurred between 900 and 1200 m from the road. Bull moose in stratum 1 were distributed farther from the road than bulls and cows in stratum 4; cows in stratum 1 and bulls in stratum 2 were distributed farther from the road than cows in stratum 4. Grizzly bears in stratum 2 were distributed farther from the road than bears in stratum 3. The distribution of moose sightings suggests traffic avoidance, but the spatial pattern of preferred forage may have had more of an influence. Caribou and grizzly bear distributions indicated no pattern of traffic avoidance. C1 Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Idaho, USGS Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Yost, AC (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Agr Sci, Dept Rangeland Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RI Flamerie, Frederique/P-5850-2014 OI Flamerie, Frederique/0000-0001-6014-0134 NR 20 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 18 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD MAR PY 2001 VL 54 IS 1 BP 41 EP 48 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 423UF UT WOS:000168195600005 ER PT J AU Stewart, DB Tucker, RD Ayuso, RA Lux, DR AF Stewart, DB Tucker, RD Ayuso, RA Lux, DR TI Minimum age of the Neoproterozoic Seven Hundred Acre Island Formation and the tectonic setting of the Islesboro Formation, Islesboro block, Maine SO ATLANTIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Geological Correlations between New Brunswick and Maine held in Conjunction with Annual Colloquium of the Atlantic-Geoscience-Society CY FEB 09-10, 2001 CL MONCTON, CANADA SP Atlantic Geosci Soc ID PB ZIRCON AGES; SOUTHERN NEW-BRUNSWICK; PENOBSCOT BAY-REGION; ISOTOPIC CONSTRAINTS; GRANITIC-ROCKS; CONTAMINATION; FELDSPARS; EVOLUTION; HISTORY; CANADA AB Two platformal stratigraphic sequences occur on Islesboro, Penobscot Bay, Maine. The older Seven Hundred Acre Island Formation is at least 200 in thick, its base is not exposed, and it makes up fault-bounded blocks of siliceous colour-banded dolomitic marble, muscovite-rich quartzite, coarse-grained splendent muscovite-garnet-staurolite-andalusite schist, and calcareous metapelite, with minor garnet amphibolite and amphibolite. It was initially metamorphosed to lower amphibolite facies and was later retrograded to lower greenschist facies. The lower amphibolite facies metamorphism is Neoproterozoic (670 to 650 Ma) as inferred from the Ar-40/Ar-39 high temperature release spectra of hornblende separates. A U-Pb zircon age of 646.7 +/- 2.7 Ma obtained for a pegmatite that intruded deformed rocks is taken to be the minimum age of the Formation. The platformal Islesboro Formation probably unconformably overlies the Seven Hundred Acre Island Formation. It is primarily turbiditic pelite with many beds of quartzite, impure dolomitic marble, some conglomerate, and a few feldsparrich volcaniclastic beds and is thought to be either Neoproterozoic or Cambrian. It was metamorphosed only to lower greenschist facies, possibly in the same event that retrograded the Seven Hundred Acre Island Formation. Geochemical interpretations of minor and trace element analyses of six amphibolite and four schist samples from the Seven Hundred Acre Island Formation show that the protoliths of the amphibolite samples were intermediate between tholeiitic and within-plate type basaltic flows or dikes that intruded attenuated continental crust, or were eroded from these basalts. Four amphibolite and three schist samples analyzed for Pb isotopes were found to be enriched in radiogenic Pb. The Pb isotopic compositions are similar to those in peri-Gondwanan basement rocks from Atlantic Canada. The peri-Gondwanan Islesboro block was placed against the peri-Gondwanan Middle and Late Cambrian Ellsworth terrane on the east by significant Late Silurian strike-slip faulting. The Late Silurian or Early Devonian Turtle Head dextral strike-slip fault separates the Islesboro block from the peri-Gondwanan St. Croix terrane to the west. The timing and nature of the movements of these faults are given from offsets of the isograds around the zircon-dated Late Silurian Sedgwick Granite (419.5 +/- 1.4 Ma) and South Penobscot Intrusive Suite (419.2 +/- 2.2 Ma). These terranes and others like them in Atlantic Canada make up a composite terrane that is different from the composite Avalonian terranes sensu stricto of southeastern New England and Atlantic Canada. The composite peri-Gondwanan terrane that included the Islesboro block was amalgamated with the margin of ancestral North America in the Silurian. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Stewart, DB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 50 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ATLANTIC GEOLOGY PI WOLFVILLE PA BOX 115, ACADIA UNIV, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 0843-5561 J9 ATLANTIC GEOL JI Atl. Geol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 37 IS 1 BP 41 EP 59 PG 19 WC Geology SC Geology GA 586MA UT WOS:000177586700004 ER PT J AU Wright, RG Scott, JM Mann, S Murray, M AF Wright, RG Scott, JM Mann, S Murray, M TI Identifying unprotected and potentially at risk plant communities in the western USA SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE nature reserves; conservation planning; plant community; gap analysis ID RESERVE SELECTION; CONSERVATION; BIODIVERSITY AB We analyzed the conservation status of 73 vegetation cover types distributed across a 1.76 million km(2) region in 10 states of the western USA. We found that 25 vegetation cover types had at least 10% of their area in nature reserves. These were generally plant communities located at higher elevations and thus more commonly associated with national parks and wilderness areas. All but three of the remaining 48 cover types occurred with sufficient area on publically owned lands in the region to imply that transforming land management intent on these lands could also increase their protection. We also analyzed the level of protection afforded each cover type across its entire geographic distribution in the region. Most cover types that were at least minimally protected in total across the region were also at least minimally protected in most areas of their occurrence. Our results show that there is a realistic opportunity to design a system of biodiversity reserves in this region that represent the full range of environmental conditions in which the various plant communities occur. Conducting this type of broad-scale analysis is a necessary first step in that process and provides a database for others to work from. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Idaho, USGS Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Appalachian State Univ, Dept Geog, Boone, NC 28607 USA. Oregon Nat Heritage Program, Portland, OR 97214 USA. RP Wright, RG (reprint author), Univ Idaho, USGS Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. NR 45 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 98 IS 1 BP 97 EP 106 DI 10.1016/S0006-3207(00)00146-4 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 403UL UT WOS:000167060800012 ER PT J AU Lindberg, MS Kendall, WL Hines, JE Anderson, MG AF Lindberg, MS Kendall, WL Hines, JE Anderson, MG TI Combining band recovery data and Pollock's robust design to model temporary and permanent emigration SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE band recovery; breeding probability; canvasbacks; capture-recapture; emigration; Jolly-Seber; likelihood; open populations; robust design ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; BREEDING PROPORTIONS; SURVIVAL; POPULATION; METAPOPULATION; PARAMETERS; PHILOPATRY; HYPOTHESES; HISTORY; SAMPLES AB Capture-recapture models are widely used to estimate demographic parameters of marked populations. Recently, this statistical theory has been extended to modeling dispersal of open populations. Multistate models can be used to estimate movement probabilities among subdivided populations if multiple sites are sampled. Frequently, however, sampling is limited to a single site. Models described by Burnham (1993, in Marked Individuals in the Study of Bird Populations, 199-213), which combined open population capture-recapture and band-recovery models, can be used to estimate permanent emigration when sampling is limited to a single population. Similarly, Kendall, Nichols, and Hines (1997, Ecology 51, 563-578) developed models to estimate temporary emigration under Pollock's (1982, Journal of Wildlife Management 46, 757-760) robust design. We describe a likelihood-based approach to simultaneously estimate temporary and permanent emigration when sampling is limited to a single population. We use a sampling design that combines the robust design and recoveries of individuals obtained immediately following each sampling period. We present a general form for our model where temporary emigration is a first-order Markov process, and we discuss more restrictive models. We illustrate these models with analysis of data on marked Canvasback ducks. Our analysis indicates that probability of permanent emigration for adult female Canvasbacks was 0.193 ((SE) over cap = 0.082) and that birds that were present at the study area in year i - 1 had a higher probability of presence in year i than birds that were not present in year i - i. C1 Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. US Geol Serv, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Ducks Unlimited Canada, Inst Wetland & Waterfowl Res, Oak Hammock Marsh, MB R0C 2Z0, Canada. RP Lindberg, MS (reprint author), Univ Montana, Sch Forestry, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM lindberg@forestry.umt.edu NR 37 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0006-341X EI 1541-0420 J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD MAR PY 2001 VL 57 IS 1 BP 273 EP 281 DI 10.1111/j.0006-341X.2001.00273.x PG 9 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 409GW UT WOS:000167376900037 PM 11252610 ER PT J AU Driscoll, CT Lawrence, GB Bulger, AJ Butler, TJ Cronan, CS Eagar, C Lambert, KF Likens, GE Stoddard, JL Weathers, KC AF Driscoll, CT Lawrence, GB Bulger, AJ Butler, TJ Cronan, CS Eagar, C Lambert, KF Likens, GE Stoddard, JL Weathers, KC TI Acidic deposition in the northeastern United States: Sources and inputs, ecosystem effects, and management strategies SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RED SPRUCE; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; FORESTED WATERSHEDS; EPISODIC ACIDIFICATION; NITROGEN SATURATION; NORTH-AMERICA; HUBBARD-BROOK; SMALL STREAMS; DRY DEPOSITION; SURFACE WATERS C1 Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ctr Environm Syst Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Cornell Univ, Ctr Environm, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Biol Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Hubbard Brook Res Fdn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Inst Ecosyst Studies, Lab Serv, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. US EPA, Corvallis Environm Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Driscoll, CT (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ctr Environm Syst Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. RI Driscoll, Charles/F-9832-2014; OI Stoddard, John/0000-0002-2537-6130; Driscoll, Charles/0000-0003-2692-2890 NR 84 TC 551 Z9 570 U1 12 U2 133 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD MAR PY 2001 VL 51 IS 3 BP 180 EP 198 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0180:ADITNU]2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 432RX UT WOS:000168710400004 ER PT J AU Talbot, SS Talbot, SL Thomson, JW Schofield, WB AF Talbot, SS Talbot, SL Thomson, JW Schofield, WB TI Lichens from St. Matthew and St. Paul Islands, Bering Sea, Alaska SO BRYOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID GENUS CALOPLACA; AMERICA; CANADA; NORTH AB One hundred thirty-nine taxa of lichens including two lichen parasites are reported from St. Matthew and St. Paul Islands in the Bering Sea. Caloplaca lithophila is new to Alaska. Wide-ranging arctic-alpine and boreal species dominate the lichens; a coastal element is moderately represented, while amphi-Beringian species form a minor element. In comparison with St. Paul Island SE. Matthew Island is richer in arctic-alpine species. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bot, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Talbot, SS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RI Talbot, Sandra/C-9433-2011 NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER BRYOLOGICAL LICHENOLOGICAL SOCIETY INC PI FAIRFAX PA C/O JAMES D LAWREY, GEORGE MASON UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY MSN 3E1, FAIRFAX, VA 22030 USA SN 0007-2745 J9 BRYOLOGIST JI Bryologist PD SPR PY 2001 VL 104 IS 1 BP 47 EP 58 DI 10.1639/0007-2745(2001)104[0047:LFSMAS]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 429BJ UT WOS:000168495900005 ER PT J AU Cayan, DR Kammerdiener, SA Dettinger, MD Caprio, JM Peterson, DH AF Cayan, DR Kammerdiener, SA Dettinger, MD Caprio, JM Peterson, DH TI Changes in the onset of spring in the western United States SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; MASS-BALANCE; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; SNOW COVER; TEMPERATURE; PACIFIC; PHENOLOGY; AMERICA; TRENDS AB Fluctuations in spring climate in the western United States over the last 4-5 decades are described by examining changes in the blooming of plants and the timing of snowmelt-runoff pulses. The two measures of spring's onset that are employed are the timing of first bloom of lilac and honeysuckle bushes from a long-term cooperative phenological network, and the timing of the first major pulse of snowmelt recorded from high-elevation streams. Both measures contain year-to-year fluctuations, with typical year-to year fluctuations at a given site of one to three weeks. These fluctuations are spatially coherent, forming regional patterns that cover most of the west. Fluctuations in lilac first bloom dates are highly correlated to those of honeysuckle, and both are significantly correlated with those of the spring snowmelt pulse. Each of these measures, then, probably respond to a common mechanism. Various analyses indicate that anomalous temperature exerts the greatest influence upon both interannual and secular changes in the onset of spring in these networks. Earlier spring onsets since the late 1970s are a remarkable feature of the records, and reflect the unusual spell of warmer-than-normal springs in western North America during this period. The warm episodes are clearly related to larger-scale atmospheric conditions across North America and the North Pacific, but whether this is predominantly an expression of natural variability or also a symptom of global warming is not certain. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Climate Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Cayan, DR (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Climate Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 53 TC 480 Z9 490 U1 9 U2 104 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 82 IS 3 BP 399 EP 415 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(2001)082<0399:CITOOS>2.3.CO;2 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 406RG UT WOS:000167228500001 ER PT J AU McKenzie, D Hessl, AE Peterson, DL AF McKenzie, D Hessl, AE Peterson, DL TI Recent growth of conifer species of western North America: assessing spatial patterns of radial growth trends SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2 ENRICHMENT; DOUGLAS-FIR SEEDLINGS; TREE-GROWTH; ELEVATED CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE; UNITED-STATES; PICEA-ABIES; PINUS-TAEDA; TEMPERATURE; FOREST AB We explored spatial patterns of low-frequency variability in radial tree growth among western North American conifer species and identified predictors of the variability in these patterns. Using 185 sites from the International Tree-Ring Data Bank, each of which contained 10-60 raw ring-width series, we rebuilt two chronologies for each site, using two conservative methods designed to retain any low-frequency variability associated with recent environmental change. We used factor analysis to identify regional low-frequency patterns in site chronologies and estimated the slope of the growth trend since 1850 at each site from a combination of linear regression and time-series techniques. This slope was the response variable in a regression-tree model to predict the effects of environmental gradients and species-level differences on growth trends. Growth patterns at 27 sites from the American Southwest were consistent with quasi-periodic patterns of drought. Either 12 or 32 of the 185 sites demonstrated patterns of increasing growth between 1850 and 1980 A.D., depending on the standardization technique used. Pronounced growth increases were associated with high-elevation sites (above 3000 m) and high-latitude sites in maritime climates. Future research focused on these high-elevation and high-latitude sites should address the precise mechanisms responsible for increased 20th century growth. C1 Univ Washington, Cascadia Field Stn, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP McKenzie, D (reprint author), Univ Washington, Cascadia Field Stn, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, POB 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM dmck@u.washington.edu NR 67 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 7 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 31 IS 3 BP 526 EP 538 DI 10.1139/cjfr-31-3-526 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 412YJ UT WOS:000167582600015 ER PT J AU Spidle, AP Schill, WB Lubinski, BA King, TL AF Spidle, Adrian P. Schill, W. Bane Lubinski, Barbara A. King, Tim L. TI Fine-scale population structure in Atlantic salmon from Maine's Penobscot River drainage SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE microsatellite; population genetics; Salmonidae; Salmo salar AB We report a survey of microsatellite DNA variation in Atlantic salmon from the unimpounded lower reaches of Maine's Penobscot River. Our analysis indicates that Atlantic salmon in the Penobscot River are distinct from other populations that have little or no history of human-mediated repopulation, including two of its tributaries, Cove Brook and Kenduskeag Stream, another Maine river, the Ducktrap, and Canada's Miramichi and Gander rivers. Significant heterogeneity was detected in allele frequency among all three subpopulations sampled in the Penobscot drainage. The high resolution of the 12-locus suite was quantified using maximum likelihood assignment tests, which correctly identified the source of 90.4-96.1% of individuals from within the Penobscot drainage. Current populations are clearly isolated from each other, however we are unable to determine from the present data whether the populations in Cove Brook and Kenduskeag Stream are recently diverged from populations stocked into the Penobscot River over the last century, or are aboriginal in origin. The degree of population structure identified in the Penobscot drainage is noteworthy in light of its lengthy history of systematic restocking, the geographic proximity of the subpopulations, and the extent of the differentiation. Similar population structure on this extremely limited geographic scale could exist among Atlantic salmon runs elsewhere in Maine and throughout the species' range and should be taken into account for future management decisions. C1 [Spidle, Adrian P.; Lubinski, Barbara A.; King, Tim L.] US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Aquat Ecol Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Spidle, Adrian P.] Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Johnson Controls World Serv, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Schill, W. Bane] US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP King, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Aquat Ecol Lab, 1700 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM tim_king@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 2 IS 1 BP 11 EP 24 DI 10.1023/A:1011580217381 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA V22NN UT WOS:000208282000002 ER PT J AU Haig, SM Wagner, RS Forsman, ED Mullins, TD AF Haig, Susan M. Wagner, R. Steven Forsman, Eric D. Mullins, Thomas D. TI Geographic variation and genetic structure in Spotted Owls SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE conservation unit; geographic variation; population structure; Spotted Owls ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; RED-COCKADED WOODPECKERS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; STRIX-OCCIDENTALIS; RAPD ANALYSIS; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; PUERTO-RICO; VARIABILITY; MANAGEMENT; DISTANCE AB We examined genetic variation, population structure, and definition of conservation units in Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis). Spotted Owls are mostly non-migratory, long-lived, socially monogamous birds that have decreased population viability due to their occupation of highly-fragmented late successional forests in western North America. To investigate potential effects of habitat fragmentation on population structure, we used random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) to examine genetic variation hierarchically among local breeding areas, subregional groups, regional groups, and subspecies via sampling of 21 breeding areas (276 individuals) among the three subspecies of Spotted Owls. Data from 11 variable bands suggest a significant relationship between geographic distance among local breeding groups and genetic distance (Mantel r = 0.53, P < 0.02) although multi-dimensional scaling of three significant axes did not identify significant grouping at any hierarchical level. Similarly, neighbor-joining clustering of Manhattan distances indicated geographic structure at all levels and identified Mexican Spotted Owls as a distinct clade. RAPD analyses did not clearly differentiate Northern Spotted Owls from California Spotted Owls. Among Northern Spotted Owls, estimates of population differentiation (F-ST) ranged from 0.27 among breeding areas to 0.11 among regions. Concordantly, within-group agreement values estimated via multi-response permutation procedures of Jaccard's distances ranged from 0.22 among local sites to 0.11 among regions. Pairwise comparisons of F-ST and geographic distance within regions suggested only the Klamath region was in equilibrium with respect to gene flow and genetic drift. Merging nuclear data with recent mitochondrial data provides support for designation of an Evolutionary Significant Unit for Mexican Spotted Owls and two overlapping Management Units for Northern and California Spotted Owls. C1 [Haig, Susan M.; Wagner, R. Steven; Mullins, Thomas D.] USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Forsman, Eric D.] US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Haig, SM (reprint author), USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Susan_Haig@USGS.Gov FU USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center FX Success of this project was contingent on the cooperation of many Spotted Owl biologists from throughout the species' range. We thank the following individuals and their agencies or institutions for assistance in collecting samples: R. Anthony, J. Blakesly, L. Diller, R. Forsan, R. Gerhardt, M. Hansen, G. King, P. Loschl, J. Reed, D. Rock, B. Sheehy, S. Sovern, G. Steger, J. Thrailkill, F. Wagner, and B. Woodbridge. Furthermore, we are most grateful for the advice we received from: F. Allendorf, L. Gorman, R. Fleischer, K. Krutovskii, B. McCune, F. Ramsey, K. Scribner, and N. Warnock. We thank J. Brzustowski and C. Strobeck for altering the assignment test program so we could analyze dominant markers. Lab assistance was provided by: D. Kirkbride, D. Murphy, M. Rhodes, and S. Warnock. This project was funded by the USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center. NR 91 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 2 IS 1 BP 25 EP 40 DI 10.1023/A:1011561101460 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA V22NN UT WOS:000208282000003 ER PT J AU Plunkert, PA AF Plunkert, PA TI World primary consumption grew by almost 10% in 2000 SO E&MJ-ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. Doe Run Resources Co, St Louis, MO 63146 USA. RP Plunkert, PA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MACLEAN HUNTER PUBLISHING CORP PI CHICAGO PA 29 NORTH WACKER DRIVE, CHICAGO, IL 60606 USA SN 0095-8948 J9 ENG MIN J JI E&MJ-Eng. Min. J. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 202 IS 3 BP 42 EP 61 PG 20 WC Mining & Mineral Processing SC Mining & Mineral Processing GA 418ZE UT WOS:000167924300008 ER PT J AU Saito, L Johnson, BM Bartholow, J Hanna, RB AF Saito, L Johnson, BM Bartholow, J Hanna, RB TI Assessing ecosystem effects of reservoir operations using food web-energy transfer and water quality models SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Review DE stable isotope analysis; CE-QUAL-W2; Shasta Lake; temperature control device; interdisciplinary modeling; food web modeling; energy transfer ID STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; NITROGEN ISOTOPES; TROPHIC STRUCTURE; CARBON ISOTOPES; THREADFIN SHAD; DELTA-C-13; LAKE; DIET; DELTA-N-15; RIVER AB We investigated the effects on the reservoir food web of a new temperature control device (TCD) on the dam at Shasta Lake, California. We followed a linked modeling approach that used a specialized reservoir water quality model to forecast operation-induced changes in phytoplankton production. A food web-energy transfer model was also applied to propagate predicted changes in phytoplankton up through the food web to the predators and sport fishes of interest. The food web-energy transfer model employed a 10% trophic transfer efficiency through a food web that was mapped using carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis. Stable isotope analysis provided an efficient and comprehensive means of estimating the structure of the reservoir's food web with minimal sampling and background data. We used an optimization procedure to estimate the diet proportions of all food web components simultaneously from their isotopic signatures. Some consumers were estimated to be much more sensitive than others to perturbations to phytoplankton supply. The linked modeling approach demonstrated that interdisciplinary efforts enhance the value of information obtained from studies of managed ecosystems. The approach exploited the strengths of engineering and ecological modeling methods to address concerns that neither of the models could have addressed alone: (a) the water quality model could not have addressed quantitatively the possible impacts to fish, and (b) the food web model could not have examined how phyto plankton availability might change due to reservoir operations. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. Johnson Controls World Serv Inc, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Saito, L (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Saito, Laurel/E-3096-2010 OI Saito, Laurel/0000-0003-3617-3133 NR 142 TC 33 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 42 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD MAR PY 2001 VL 4 IS 2 BP 105 EP 125 DI 10.1007/s100210000062 PG 21 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 426VY UT WOS:000168370100002 ER PT J AU Stern, LA Circone, S Kirby, SH Durham, WB AF Stern, LA Circone, S Kirby, SH Durham, WB TI Preservation of methane hydrate at 1 Atm SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID GAS HYDRATE; DISSOCIATION; TEMPERATURES; ICE C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Stern, LA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 15 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 15 IS 2 BP 499 EP 501 DI 10.1021/ef000277k PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 414MC UT WOS:000167669600038 ER PT J AU Cahill, TM Thomas, CM Schwarzbach, SE Seiber, JN AF Cahill, TM Thomas, CM Schwarzbach, SE Seiber, JN TI Accumulation of trifluoroacetate in seasonal wetlands in California SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE WATERS; ACID; DEGRADATION; PRECIPITATION; ENVIRONMENT; SAMPLES; PRODUCT AB Trifluoroacetate (TFA, CF3COO-) is a stable and mildly phytotoxic breakdown product of several fluorinated organic compounds including the hydro(chloro)fluorocarbons (HFC/ HCFCs) that have largely replaced the stratospheric ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). TFA enters aquatic ecosystems primarily through precipitation and has the potential to accumulate in water bodies with little or no outflow to the point where toxic concentrations could be achieved. This study demonstrated that seasonal wetlands lacking outflow concentrated TFA as they evaporated during the dry season. in addition, the TFA within the pools was retained between years, which may result in long-term TFA accumulation. Since plants acquire TFA from their growing media, the plants exposed to high aqueous concentrations of TFA within the pools had elevated TFA concentrations with a median concentration of 279 ng/g dry weight in their tissues as compared to 33 ng/g for species growing outside the pools. The highest TFA concentrations in water, which occurred just prior to the pools drying up, were in the 2-10 mug/L range. These concentrations are approximately 190 or less than reported toxic concentrations for the most sensitive species tested, but our evidence suggests that these concentrations will increase with continued TFA deposition into the pools. C1 Univ Nevada, Ctr Environm Sci & Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. RP Cahill, TM (reprint author), Trent Univ, Canadian Environm Modelling Ctr, 1600 W Bank Dr, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 1 PY 2001 VL 35 IS 5 BP 820 EP 825 DI 10.1021/es0013982 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 407XQ UT WOS:000167296400023 PM 11351522 ER PT J AU Frank, DS Mora, MA Sericano, JL Blankenship, AL Kannan, K Giesy, JP AF Frank, DS Mora, MA Sericano, JL Blankenship, AL Kannan, K Giesy, JP TI Persistent organochlorine pollutants in eggs of colonial waterbirds from Galveston Bay and East Texas, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Galveston Bay, Texas, USA; polychlorinated biphenyls; dioxins; chlorinated pesticides; colonial waterbirds ID CORMORANTS PHALACROCORAX-AURITUS; CROWNED NIGHT-HERONS; FISH-EATING BIRDS; GREAT-LAKES; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN EQUIVALENTS; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; PCBS; PESTICIDES; CONGENERS AB Eggs of neotropic cormorants (Phalacrocorax brasilianus), black-crowned night herons (Nycticorax nycticorax), and great egrets (Ardea alba) nesting on several locations in Galveston Bay (TX, USA) and at two control sites outside the bay were collected during April-May 1996 and analyzed for chlorinated pesticides, PCBs, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, and polychlorinated dibenzofurans. Additionally, concentrations of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (TCDD-EQs) were determined by use of relative potency factors (TEQs) or the H4IIE-luc bioassay TCDD-EQs. Concentrations of 1,1,-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE) were greater in eggs of neotropic cormorants from Alexander Island (mean = 1,040 ng/g wet wt) in the Houston Ship Channel (Houston, TX, USA) and in those from Telfair Island (mean = 1,460 ng/g wet wt), a reference location outside the bay, than in most locations inside the bay (mean range = 119-453 ng/g wet wt). Mean PCB concentrations were greater in eggs of neotropic cormorants from Alexander Island (mean = 5,720 ng/g wet wt) than in eggs of cormorants from areas farther away from the ship channel, including two reference sites outside the bay (mean range = 404-3,140 ng/g wet wt). The TCDD was the main dioxin congener detected in eggs from all locations within Galveston Bay. Instrumental TEQs in eggs ranged from 67 pg/g wet weight at control sites to 452 pg/g wet weight at Alexander Island. Concentrations of TCDD-EQs determined in the H4IIE assay were correlated with instrumental TEQs and were greater in eggs of cormorants from islands within the bay, although these were farther away from the ship channel. Overall, concentrations of DDE, PCBs, TCDD, and TODD-EQs were less than the threshold levels known to affect reproduction. However, some eggs contained concentrations of total PCBs or DDE greater than what would elicit adverse effects on birds. No identifiable deformities or abnormalities were detected in embryos collected from all sites. C1 Texas A&M Univ, US Geol Survey, TAMU 2258, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, TAMU 2258, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Geochem & Environm Res Grp, TAMU 2258, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Michigan State Univ, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Inst Environm Toxicol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Mora, MA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, US Geol Survey, TAMU 2258, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RI Mora, Miguel/B-1344-2009; OI Mora, Miguel/0000-0002-8393-0216 NR 44 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 9 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 20 IS 3 BP 608 EP 617 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2001)020<0608:POPIEO>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 457YH UT WOS:000170165600021 PM 11349863 ER PT J AU Custer, TW Custer, CM Dickerson, K Allen, K Melancon, MJ Schmidt, LJ AF Custer, TW Custer, CM Dickerson, K Allen, K Melancon, MJ Schmidt, LJ TI Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic hydrocarbons, trace elements, and monooxygenase activity in birds nesting on the North Platte River, Casper, Wyoming, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE aliphatic hydrocarbons; ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase activity; metals; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; tree swallows ID NIGHT-HERON EMBRYOS; BAY CRUDE-OIL; TREE SWALLOWS; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION; GREAT-LAKES; INDUCTION; TEXAS; SEDIMENTS; CYTOCHROME-P450; ORGANOCHLORINE AB Tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) and house wren (Troglodytes aedon) eggs and chicks were collected near a refinery site on the North Platte River, Casper, Wyoming, USA and at a reference site 10 kin upstream. Total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations in swallow and wren chicks were higher at the refinery site than at the reference site. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in sediment and chick dietary samples were consistent with these findings. The general lack of methylated PAHs in sediment, diet, and bird carcasses suggested that the PAHs were derived from combustion and not from petroleum. The predominance of odd-numbered aliphatic hydrocarbons and the low ratios (less than or equal to0.25) of pristane:n-C-17 and phytane:n-C-18 in chick and diet samples also suggested that swallow and wren chicks were not being chronically exposed to petroleum. Mean ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase and benzyloxyresorufin-O-dealkylase activities in tree swallow livers averaged nine times higher at the refinery site than at the reference site and were probably induced by exposure to PAHs. Trace element concentrations in eggs and livers of swallows and wrens were similar or greater at the reference site than at the refinery site. Selenium, strontium, and boron concentrations were elevated in eggs and livers of swallows and wrens at both the refinery and reference sites. C1 US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Custer, TW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RI Custer, Christine/H-4871-2014; OI Custer, Thomas/0000-0003-3170-6519 NR 40 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 18 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 20 IS 3 BP 624 EP 631 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2001)020<0624:PAHAHT>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 457YH UT WOS:000170165600023 PM 11349865 ER PT J AU Baduini, CL Hyrenbach, KD Coyle, KO Pinchuk, A Mendenhall, V Hunt, GL AF Baduini, CL Hyrenbach, KD Coyle, KO Pinchuk, A Mendenhall, V Hunt, GL TI Mass mortality of short-tailed shearwaters in the south-eastern Bering Sea during summer 1997 SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; coccolithophorid; Emiliania huxleyi; euphausiid; Puffinus tenuirostris; seabird die-off; short-tailed shearwater; Thysanoessa ID PUFFINUS-TENUIROSTRIS; THYSANOESSA-INERMIS; SEABIRDS; BIRDS; ZOOPLANKTON; EXTRACTION; TASMANIA; BIOMASS; ECOLOGY; WEIGHT AB During summer 1997, hundreds of thousands of emaciated short-tailed shearwaters (Puffinus tenuirostris) died in the south-eastern Bering Sea. Using strip transect methodology, we documented the distribution and abundance of short-tailed shearwaters during cruises conducted prior to, during, and after the die-off, as well as the distributions and abundances of floating carcasses. The distributions and abundances of short-tailed shearwaters in 1997 were similar to those found during the 1970s and early 1980s. In August-September 1997, we observed 163 floating shearwater carcasses, most of which were between St Paul Island and Nunivak Island. We estimated approximate to 190 000 carcasses were afloat in the study area, about 11% of the surveyed population. Between spring (June) and autumn (August/September), mean net body mass of shearwaters decreased by 19%, mean pectoral muscle mass decreased by 14%, and mean percentage body lipid content decreased by 46%, from 15.6% in spring to 8.4% in autumn. Compared with spring, short-tailed shearwater diets broadened in autumn 1997, to include, in addition to adult euphausiids Thysanoessa raschii, juveniles of T. inermis, T. raschii and T. spinifera, crab megalops, fish and squid. We discuss how the ecosystem anomalies in the south-eastern Bering Sea during spring and summer 1997 relate to the mortality event and suggest possible implications of long-term climate change for populations of apex predators in the south-eastern Bering Sea. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. RP Baduini, CL (reprint author), Claremont Coll, Joint Serv Dept, 925 N Mills Ave, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. OI Hunt, George/0000-0001-8709-2697 NR 61 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 10 IS 1 BP 117 EP 130 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2419.2001.00156.x PG 14 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 430JY UT WOS:000168571800010 ER PT J AU White, AF Bullen, TD Schulz, MS Blum, AE Huntington, TG Peters, NE AF White, AF Bullen, TD Schulz, MS Blum, AE Huntington, TG Peters, NE TI Differential rates of feldspar weathering in granitic regoliths SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID ALBITE DISSOLUTION KINETICS; PSEUDOMORPHIC REPLACEMENT; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; SOIL CHRONOSEQUENCE; FORESTED WATERSHEDS; NORTH-CAROLINA; UNITED-STATES; SHORT-TERM; LONG-TERM AB Differential rates of plagioclase and K-feldspar weathering commonly observed in bedrock and soil environments are examined in terms of chemical kinetic and solubility controls and hydrologic permeability. For the Panola regolith, in the Georgia Piedmont Province of southeastern United States, petrographic observations. coupled with elemental balances and Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios. indicate that plagioclase is bring converted to kaolinite at depths > 6 m in the granitic bedrock. K-feldspar remains pristine in the bedrock but subsequently weathers to kaolinite at the overlying saprolite. In contrast. both plagioclase and K-feldspar remain stable in granitic bedrocks elsewhere in Piedmont Province such as Davis Run, Virginia, where feldspars weather concurrently in an overlying thick saprolite sequence. Kinetic rate constants, mineral surface areas, and secondary hydraulic conductivities are fitted to feldspar losses with depth in the Panola and Davis Run regoliths using a time-depth computer spreadsheet model. The primary hydraulic conductivities, describing the rates of meteoric water penetration into the pristine granites, are assumed to be equal to the propagation rates of weathering fronts, which, based on cosmogenic isotope dating. are 7 m/10(6) yr for the Panola regolith and 4 m/10(6) yr for the Davis Run regolith. Best fits in the calculations indicate that the kinetic rate constants for plagioclase in both regoliths art: factors of two to three times faster than K-feldspar, which is in agreement with experimental findings. However. the range for plagioclase and K-feldspar rates (k(r) = 1.5 X 10(-17) to 2.8 X 10(-16) mol m (2) s(-1)) is three to four orders of magnitude lower than for that for experimental feldspar dissolution rates and are among the slowest yet recorded for natural feldspar weathering. Such slow rates are attributed to the relatively old geomorphic ages of the Panola and Davis Run regoliths. implying that mineral surface reactivity decreases significantly with time. Differential feldspar weathering in the low-permeability Panola bedrock environment is more dependent on relative feldspar solubilities than on differences in kinetic reaction rates. Such weathering is very sensitive to primary and secondary hydraulic conductivities (q(p) and q(s)). which control both the fluid volumes passing through the regolith and the thermodynamic saturation of the feldspars. Bedrock permeability is primarily intragranular and is created by internal weathering of networks of interconnected plagioclase phenocrysts. Saprolite permeability is principally intergranular and is the result of dissolution of silicate phases during isovolumetric weathering, A secondary to primary hydraulic conductivity ratio of q(s)/q(p) = 150 in the Panola bedrock results in kinetically controlled plagioclase dissolution but thermodynamically inhibited K-feldspar reaction. This result is in accord with calculated chemical saturation states for groundwater sampled in the Panola Granite. In contrast, greater secondary conductivities in the Davis Run saprolite, q(s)/q(p) = 800, produces both kinetically controlled plagioclase and K-feldspar dissolution. Faster plagioclase reaction, leading to bedrock weathering in the Panola Granite but not at Davis Run. is attributed to a higher anorthite component of the plagioclase and a wetter and warmer climate, In addition, the Panola Granite has an abnormally high content of disseminated calcite, the dissolution of which precedes the plagioclase weathering front, thus creating additional secondary permeability. Copyright (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. US Geol Survey, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. RP White, AF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. OI Schulz, Marjorie/0000-0001-5597-6447; Huntington, Thomas/0000-0002-9427-3530 NR 90 TC 170 Z9 178 U1 4 U2 61 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAR PY 2001 VL 65 IS 6 BP 847 EP 869 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00577-9 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 413MY UT WOS:000167617000001 ER PT J AU Winick, JA McIntosh, WC Dunbar, NW AF Winick, JA McIntosh, WC Dunbar, NW TI Melt-inclusion-hosted excess Ar-40 in quartz crystals of the Bishop and Bandelier magma systems SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bishop Tuff; Bandelier Tuff; Ar-40/Ar-39; magma chamber; residence time; Plinian-type eruptions ID RHYOLITIC MAGMA; SILICIC MAGMA; LONG-VALLEY; RESIDENCE TIMES; TUFF; CHAMBER; AGES; GAS; STRATIGRAPHY; PHENOCRYSTS AB Ar-40/Ar-39 experiments on melt-inclusion-bearing quartz (MIBQ) from the Bishop and Bandelier Tuff Plinian deposits indicate high concentrations of excess Ar-40 in melt inclusions. Two rhyolite glass melt inclusion populations are present in quartz; exposed melt inclusions and trapped melt inclusions. Air-abrasion mill grinding and hydrofluoric acid treatments progressively remove exposed melt inclusions while leaving trapped melt inclusions unaffected. Laser step-heating of MIBQ yields increasing apparent ages as a function of exposed melt inclusion removal, reflecting the higher nonatmospheric Ar-40 concentrations hosted in trapped melt inclusions. Exposed melt inclusion-free MIBQ from the Bishop, Upper Bandelier, and Lower Bandelier Tuffs yield total-gas ages of 3.70 +/- 1.00 Ma, 11.54 +/- 0.87 Ma, and 14.60 +/- 1.50 Ma, respectively. We interpret these old apparent ages as compelling evidence for the presence of excess Ar-40 in MIBQ, Trapped melt inclusions in sanidine phenocrysts may contain excess Ar-40 concentrations similar to those in MIBQ. This excess Ar-40 has the potential to increase single-crystal laser-fusion ages of sanidine by tens of thousands of years, relative to the actual eruption age. C1 New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. New Mexico Bur Mines & Mineral Resources, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Winick, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 8 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAR PY 2001 VL 29 IS 3 BP 275 EP 278 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0275:MIHEAI>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 405WU UT WOS:000167184200021 ER PT J AU Gellis, AC Cheama, A Lalio, SM AF Gellis, AC Cheama, A Lalio, SM TI Developing a geomorphic approach for ranking watersheds for rehabilitation, Zuni Indian Reservation, New Mexico SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE erosion; control; arroyos; watershed; rehabilitation ID EROSION; BASIN AB As a result of past erosion problems on the Zuni Indian Reservation in western New Mexico. the US Congress in 1990 authorized the Zuni Tribe to begin a program for watershed rehabilitation. This paper describes an approach to rank the most appropriate watersheds for rehabilitation for the Zuni Reservation. The approach was based on data collected during a 3-year study on geomorphic and anthropogenic characteristics of the Rio Nutria Watershed, including data on (i) arroyo cross-sectional changes, (ii) erosion-control structures, and (iii) sheetwash erosion. Results of this 3-year study indicated that 61 of 85 channel cross-sections aggraded and channels with lower width-to-depth ratios eroded. Results on assessment of erosion-control structures, some dating back to the 1930s;. indicated that 60% of earthen darns and 22% of rock-and-brush structures were breached or flanked in the Rio Nutria watershed. Sheetwash erosion measured on five land-cover sites (sagebrush, pasture, chained pinon and juniper, unchained pinon and juniper, and ponderosa pine) indicated chained pinon and juniper sites and pasture sites had the highest volume-weighted sediment concentrations of 13,000 and 9970 ppm, respectively. Based on interpretations of the 3-year study in the Rio Nutria Watershed, a two-stage approach was developed to rank the most appropriate watersheds for rehabilitation on the Zuni Reservation. In the first stage, the reservation was divided into eight major watersheds, which were ranked according to the most potential for erosion. In the second stage, the watershed with the most potential for erosion was divided into sub-basins, which were ranked according to the most potential for erosion. Quantitative and qualitative information on physical and anthropogenic factors were used at each stage to rank the watersheds. Quantitative physical data included headcut density, percentage of bare ground, percentage of chained area, channel width-to-depth ratio. change in channel density from 1934 to 1988, and sheetwash erosion rates. Qualitative physical data included erosion rankings on the main channels, tributaries. and entire basins. Anthropogenic data included density of dirt roads and condition of erosion-control structures. A community survey and agricultural acreage were also used in the selection process. The first stage analysis resulted in the selection of the Rio Nutria Watershed as the most appropriate major watershed for rehabilitation. In the second stage, the Rio Nutria Watershed was: divided into 15 sub-basins; the analysis indicated the highest priority sub-basins for rehabilitation were Benny Draw, Coal Mine Canyon Draw. and Garcia Draw. C1 US Geol Survey, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. Zuni Conservat Project, Zuni, NM 87327 USA. RP Gellis, AC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 5338 Montgomery NE,Suite 400, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD MAR PY 2001 VL 37 IS 1-2 BP 105 EP 134 DI 10.1016/S0169-555X(00)00065-9 PG 30 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 403HQ UT WOS:000167036800006 ER PT J AU Bizzarri, A Cocco, M Andrews, DJ Boschi, E AF Bizzarri, A Cocco, M Andrews, DJ Boschi, E TI Solving the dynamic rupture problem with different numerical approaches and constitutive laws SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE crack dynamics; earthquake rupture; fault healing; friction laws; slip weakening ID STATE-DEPENDENT FRICTION; SLIP-WEAKENING FRICTION; FREEDOM ELASTIC SYSTEM; EARTHQUAKE NUCLEATION; SHEAR RUPTURE; SINGLE DEGREE; ROCK FRICTION; FAULT; MODEL; PROPAGATION AB We study the dynamic initiation, propagation and arrest of a 2-D in-plane shear rupture by solving the elastodynamic equation by using both a boundary integral equation method and a finite difference approach. For both methods we adopt different constitutive laws: a slip-weakening (SW) law, with constant weakening rate, and rate- and state-dependent friction laws (Dieterich-Ruina). Our numerical procedures allow the use of heterogeneous distributions of constitutive parameters along the fault for both formulations. We first compare the two solution methods with an SW law, emphasizing the required stability conditions to achieve a good resolution of the cohesive zone and to avoid artificial complexity in the solutions. Our modelling results show that the two methods provide very similar time histories of dynamic source parameters. We paint out that, if a careful control of resolution and stability is performed, the two methods yield identical solutions. We have also compared the rupture evolution resulting from an SW and a rate- and state-dependent friction law. This comparison shows that despite the different constitutive formulations, a similar behaviour is simulated during the rupture propagation and arrest. We also observe a crack tip bifurcation and a jump in rupture velocity (approaching the P-wave speed) with the Dieterich-Ruina (DR) law. The rupture arrest at a barrier thigh strength zone) and the barrier-healing mechanism are also reproduced by this law. However, this constitutive formulation allows the simulation of a more general and complex variety of rupture behaviours. By assuming different heterogeneous distributions of the initial constitutive parameters, we are able to model a barrier-healing as well as a self-healing process. This result suggests that if the heterogeneity of the constitutive parameters is taken into account, the different healing mechanisms can be simulated. We also study the nucleation phase duration T-n, defined as the time necessary for the crack to reach the half-length l(c). We compare the T-n values resulting from distinct simulations calculated using different constitutive laws and different sets of constitutive parameters. Our results confirm that the DR law provides a different description of the nucleation process than the SW law adopted in this study. We emphasize that the DR law yields a complete description of the rupture process, which includes the most prominent features of SW. C1 Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Rome, Italy. Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Fis, Settore Geofis, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Bizzarri, A (reprint author), Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Rome, Italy. RI Boschi, Enzo/B-4211-2011; Cocco, Massimo/G-6872-2012; Bizzarri, Andrea/B-5039-2010 OI Boschi, Enzo/0000-0003-0527-9664; NR 71 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 144 IS 3 BP 656 EP 678 DI 10.1046/j.1365-246x.2001.01363.x PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 414RU UT WOS:000167680600013 ER PT J AU Zelt, BC Ellis, RM Zelt, CA Hyndman, RD Lowe, C Spence, GD Fisher, MA AF Zelt, BC Ellis, RM Zelt, CA Hyndman, RD Lowe, C Spence, GD Fisher, MA TI Three-dimensional crustal velocity structure beneath the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE crustal structure; seismic refraction; seismic tomography; seismic velocity; Western Canada ID PUGET-SOUND; CANADIAN CORDILLERA; SUBDUCTION ZONE; WASHINGTON; BASIN; INVERSION AB The Strait of Georgia is a topographic depression straddling the boundary between the Insular and Coast belts in southwestern British Columbia. Two shallow earthquakes located within the strait ((M=4.6 in 1997 and M=5.0 in 1975) and felt throughout the Vancouver area illustrate the seismic potential of this region. As part of the 1998 Seismic Hazards Investigation of Puget Sound (SHIPS) experiment, seismic instruments were placed in and around the Strait of Georgia to record shots from a marine source within the strait. We apply a tomographic inversion procedure to first-arrival traveltime data to derive a minimum-structure 3-D P-wave velocity model for the upper crust to about 13 km depth. We also present a 2-D velocity model for a profile orientated across the Strait of Georgia derived using a minimum-parameter traveltime inversion approach. This paper represents the first detailed look at crustal velocity variations within the major Cretaceous to Cenozoic Georgia Basin, which underlies the Strait of Georgia. The 3-D velocity model clearly delineates the structure of the Georgia Basin. Taking the 6 km s(-1) isovelocity contour to represent the top of the underlying basement, the basin thickens from between 2 and 4 km in the northwestern half of the strait to between 8 and 9 km at the southeastern end of the study region. Basin velocities in the northeastern half are 4.5-6 km s(-1) and primarily represent the Upper Cretaceous Nanaimo Group. Velocities to the south are lower (3-6 km s(-1)) because of the additional presence of the overlying Tertiary Huntingdon Formation and more recent sediments, including glacial and modern Fraser River deposits. In contrast to the relatively smoothly varying velocity structure of the basin, velocities of the basement rocks, which comprise primarily Palaeozoic to Jurassic rocks of the Wrangellia Terrane and possibly Jurassic to mid-Cretaceous granitic rocks of the Coast Belt, show significantly more structure, probably an indication of the varying basement rock lithologies. The 2-D velocity model more clearly reveals the velocity layering associated with the recent sediments, Huntingdon Formation and Nanaimo Group of the southern Georgia Basin, as well as the underlying basement. We interpret lateral variation in sub-basin velocities of the 2-D model as a transition from Wrangellian to Coast Belt basement rocks. The effect of the narrow, onshore-offshore recording geometry of the seismic experiment on model resolution was tested to allow a critical assessment of the validity of the 3-D velocity model. Lateral resolution throughout the model to a depth of 3-5 km below the top of the basement is generally 10-20 km. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Rice Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. Geol Survey Canada, Pacific Geosci Ctr, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. RP Zelt, BC (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, 1680 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RI Zelt, Colin/A-2555-2011 OI Zelt, Colin/0000-0002-4686-9460 NR 34 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 144 IS 3 BP 695 EP 712 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2001.00364.x PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 414RU UT WOS:000167680600016 ER PT J AU Vidale, JE Schubert, G Earle, PS AF Vidale, JE Schubert, G Earle, PS TI Unsuccessful initial search for a midmantle chemical boundary with seismic arrays SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LOWER MANTLE; CONVECTION; DEPENDENCE; STABILITY; VELOCITY; MODEL AB Compositional layering of the midmantle has been proposed to account for seismic and geochemical patterns [van der Hilst and Karason, 1999], and inferred radiogenic heat source concentrations [Kellogg et al., 1999]. Compositional layering would require thermal boundary layers both above and below an interface. We construct a minimal 1-D model of a mid-mantle boundary consistent with the observed nearly adiabatic compressional velocity structure [Dziewonski and Anderson, 1981] and the proposed high heat flow from the lower mantle [Albarede and van der Hilst, 1999; Kellogg et al., 1999]. Ray tracing and reflectivity synthetic seismograms show that a distinct triplication is predicted for short-period P waves. Although topography on a boundary would cause uncertainty in the strength and the range of the triplication, many clear observations would be expected. We examine data from the US West Coast regional networks in the most likely distance range of 60 degrees to 70 degrees for a 1770-km-depth boundary, and find no evidence for P wave triplications. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA. RP Vidale, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RI Vidale, John/H-4965-2011 OI Vidale, John/0000-0002-3658-818X NR 30 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 5 BP 859 EP 862 DI 10.1029/2000GL012428 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 406RV UT WOS:000167229700029 ER PT J AU Seibert, NM Kargel, JS AF Seibert, NM Kargel, JS TI Small-scale Martian polygonal terrain: Implications for liquid surface water SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GROUND ICE; MARS; ORIGIN; PLAINS AB Images from the Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) through August 1999 were analyzed for the global distribution of small-scale polygonal terrain not clearly resolved in Viking Orbiter imagery. With very few exceptions, small-scale polygonal terrain occurs at middle to high latitudes of the northern and southern hemispheres in Hesperian-age geologic units. The largest concentration of this terrain occurs in the Utopia basin in close association with scalloped depressions (interpreted as thermokarst) and appears to represent an Amazonian event. The morphology and occurrence of small polygonal terrain suggest they are either mud desiccation cracks or ice-wedge polygons. Because the small-scale polygons in Utopia and Argyre Planitiae are associated with other cold-climate permafrost or glacial features, an ice-wedge model is preferred for these areas. Both cracking mechanisms work most effectively in water- or ice-rich fine-grained material and may imply the seasonal or episodic existence of liquid water at the surface. C1 No Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Seibert, NM (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. NR 26 TC 103 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 5 BP 899 EP 902 DI 10.1029/2000GL012093 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 406RV UT WOS:000167229700039 ER PT J AU Briskey, JA Schulz, KJ Mosesso, JP Horwitz, LR Cunningham, CG AF Briskey, JA Schulz, KJ Mosesso, JP Horwitz, LR Cunningham, CG TI It's time to know the planet's SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Briskey, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 USA SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD MAR PY 2001 VL 46 IS 3 BP 14 EP 19 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 504HR UT WOS:000172851700017 ER PT J AU Coakley, GJ AF Coakley, GJ TI The state of mining in Africa SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Coakley, GJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 USA SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD MAR PY 2001 VL 46 IS 3 BP 24 EP 25 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 504HR UT WOS:000172851700021 ER PT J AU McGuire, AD Sitch, S Clein, JS Dargaville, R Esser, G Foley, J Heimann, M Joos, F Kaplan, J Kicklighter, DW Meier, RA Melillo, JM Moore, B Prentice, IC Ramankutty, N Reichenau, T Schloss, A Tian, H Williams, LJ Wittenberg, U AF McGuire, AD Sitch, S Clein, JS Dargaville, R Esser, G Foley, J Heimann, M Joos, F Kaplan, J Kicklighter, DW Meier, RA Melillo, JM Moore, B Prentice, IC Ramankutty, N Reichenau, T Schloss, A Tian, H Williams, LJ Wittenberg, U TI Carbon balance of the terrestrial biosphere in the twentieth century: Analyses of CO2, climate and land use effects with four process-based ecosystem models SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Review ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SEASONAL CYCLE; INTERANNUAL VARIATION; AMAZONIAN ECOSYSTEMS; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; INCREASING CO2; UNITED-STATES; GLOBAL-SCALE; EL-NINO AB The concurrent effects of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration, climate variability, and cropland establishment and abandonment on terrestrial carbon storage between 1920 and 1992 were assessed using a standard simulation protocol with four process-based terrestrial biosphere models. Over the long-term (1920-1992), the simulations yielded a time history of terrestrial uptake that is consistent (within the uncertainty) with a long-term analysis based on ice core and atmospheric CO2 data. Up to 1958, three of four analyses indicated a net release of carbon from terrestrial ecosystems to the atmosphere caused by cropland establishment. After 1958, all analyses indicate a net uptake of carbon by terrestrial ecosystems, primarily because of the physiological effects of rapidly rising atmospheric CO2. During the 1980s the simulations indicate that terrestrial ecosystems stored between 0.3 and 1.5 Pg C yr(-1), which is within the uncertainty of analysis based on CO2 and O-2 budgets. Three of the four models indicated tin accordance with O-2 evidence) that the tropics were approximately neutral while a net sink existed in ecosystems north of the tropics. Although all of the models agree that the long-term effect of climate on carbon storage has been small relative to the effects of increasing atmospheric CO2 and land use, the models disagree as to whether climate variability and change in the twentieth century has promoted carbon storage or release. Simulated interannual variability from 1958 generally reproduced the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-scale variability in the atmospheric CO2 increase, but there were substantial differences in the magnitude of interannual variability simulated by the models. The analysis of the ability of the models to simulate the changing amplitude of the seasonal cycle of atmospheric CO2 suggested that the observed trend may be a consequence of CO2 effects, climate variability, land use changes, or a combination of these effects. The next steps for improving the process-based simulation of historical terrestrial carbon include (1) the transfer of insight gained from stand-level process studies to improve the sensitivity of simulated carbon storage responses to changes in CO2 and climate, (2) improvements in the data sets used to drive the models so that they incorporate the timing, extent, and types of major disturbances, (3) the enhancement of the models so that they consider major crop types and management schemes, (4) development of data sets that identify the spatial extent of major crop types and management schemes through time, and (5) the consideration of the effects of anthropogenic nitrogen deposition. The evaluation of the performance of the models in the context of a more complete consideration of the factors influencing historical terrestrial carbon dynamics is important for reducing uncertainties in representing the role of terrestrial ecosystems in future projections of the Earth system. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res, Potsdam, Germany. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Giessen, Inst Plant Ecol, D-25395 Giessen, Germany. Univ Wisconsin, Climate People & Environm Program, Inst Environm Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07701 Jena, Germany. Univ Bern, Inst Phys, Bern, Switzerland. Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP McGuire, AD (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RI Tian, Hanqin/A-6484-2012; Sitch, Stephen/F-8034-2015; Kaplan, Jed/P-1796-2015; Heimann, Martin/H-7807-2016 OI Tian, Hanqin/0000-0002-1806-4091; Sitch, Stephen/0000-0003-1821-8561; Kaplan, Jed/0000-0001-9919-7613; Heimann, Martin/0000-0001-6296-5113 NR 106 TC 469 Z9 502 U1 14 U2 146 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD MAR PY 2001 VL 15 IS 1 BP 183 EP 206 DI 10.1029/2000GB001298 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 417RW UT WOS:000167848800015 ER PT J AU Alley, WM AF Alley, WM TI Ground water and climate SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Off Ground Water, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Alley, WM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Off Ground Water, 411 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 0 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 39 IS 2 BP 161 EP 161 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02295.x PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 408LY UT WOS:000167328700001 PM 11286062 ER PT J AU Bayless, ER AF Bayless, ER TI Atrazine retention and degradation in the vadose zone at a till plain site in central Indiana SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID MIDWESTERN UNITED-STATES; SOIL-STRUCTURE; HERBICIDES; TRANSPORT; FIELD; METABOLITES; SORPTION; MODEL; WATER; DEETHYLATRAZINE AB The vadose zone was examined as an environmental compartment where significant quantities of atrazine and its degradation compounds may be stored and transformed, The vadose zone was targeted because regional studies in the White River Basin indicated a large discrepancy between the mass of atrazine applied to fields and the amount of the pesticide and its degradation compounds that are measured in ground and surface water. A study site was established in a rotationally cropped field in the till plain of central Indiana. Data were gathered during the 1994 growing season to characterize the site hydrogeology and the distribution of atrazine, desethylatrazine, deisopropylatrazine, didealkylatrazine and hydroxyatrazine in runoff, pore water, and ground water. The data indicated that atrazine and its degradation compounds were transported from land surface to a depth of 1.5 m within 60 days of application, but were undetected in the saturated zone at nearby monitoring wells. A numerical model was developed, based on the field data, to provide information about processes that could retain and degrade atrazine in the vadose zone. Simulations indicated that evapotranspiration is responsible for surface directed soil-moisture flow during much of the growing season. This process causes retention and degradation of atrazine in the vadose zone. Increased residence time in the vadose zone leads to nearly complete transformation of atrazine and its degradation products to unquantified degradation compounds. As a result of macropore flow, small quantities of atrazine and its degradation compounds may reach the saturated zone. C1 US Geol Survey, WRD, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. RP Bayless, ER (reprint author), US Geol Survey, WRD, 5957 Lakeside Blvd, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. NR 55 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 39 IS 2 BP 169 EP 180 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02298.x PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 408LY UT WOS:000167328700006 PM 11286064 ER PT J AU Eganhouse, RP Cozzarelli, IM Scholl, MA Matthews, LL AF Eganhouse, RP Cozzarelli, IM Scholl, MA Matthews, LL TI Natural attenuation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the leachate plume of a municipal landfill: Using alkylbenzenes as process probes SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER POLLUTION SOURCE; ALIPHATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SOLID-WASTE; CRUDE-OIL; IN-SITU; FATE; AQUIFER; DENMARK; CHROMATOGRAPHY; GEOCHEMISTRY AB More than 70 individual VOCs were identified in the leachate plume of a closed municipal landfill. Concentrations: were low when compared with data published for other landfills, and total VOCs accounted for less than 0.1% of the total dissolved organic carbon. The VOC concentrations in the core of the anoxic leachate plume are variable, but in all cases they were found to be near or below detection limits within 200 m of the landfill. In contrast to the VOCs, the distributions of chloride ion, a conservative tracer and nonvolatile dissolved organic carbon, indicate little dilution over the same distance, Thus, natural attentuation processes are effectively limiting migration of the VOC plume, The distribution of C2-3-benzenes, paired on the basis of their octanol-water partition coefficients and Henry's law constants, were systematically evaluated to assess the relative importance of volatilization, sorption, and biodegradation as attenuation mechanisms. Based on our data, biodegradation appears to be the process primarily responsible for the observed attenuation of VOCs at this site. We believe that the alkylbenzenes are powerful process probes that can and should be exploited in studies of natural attenuation in contaminated ground water systems. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Eganhouse, RP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. OI Scholl, Martha/0000-0001-6994-4614; Cozzarelli, Isabelle/0000-0002-5123-1007 NR 38 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 14 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 39 IS 2 BP 192 EP 202 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02300.x PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 408LY UT WOS:000167328700008 PM 11286066 ER PT J AU Nolan, BT AF Nolan, BT TI Relating nitrogen sources and aquifer susceptibility to nitrate in shallow ground waters of the United States SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID LONG-ISLAND; CONTAMINATION; VULNERABILITY; USA AB Characteristics of nitrogen loading and aquifer susceptibility to contamination were evaluated to determine their influence on contamination of shallow ground water by nitrate. A set of 13 explanatory variables was derived from these characteristics, and variables that have a significant influence were identified using logistic regression (LR), Multivariate LR models based on more than 900 sampled wells predicted the probability of exceeding 4 mg/L of nitrate in ground water. The final LR model consists of the following variables: (1) nitrogen fertilizer loading (p-value = 0.012); (2) percent cropland-pasture (p < 0.001); (3) natural log of population density (p < 0.001); (4) percent well-drained soils (p = 0.002); (5) depth to the seasonally high water table (p = 0.001); and (6) presence or absence of a fracture zone within an aquifer (p = 0.002). Variables 1-3 were compiled within circular, 500m radius areas surrounding sampled wells, and variables 4-6 were compiled within larger areas representing targeted land use and aquifers of interest. Fitting criteria indicate that the full logistic-regression model is highly significant (p < 0.001), compared with an intercept-only model that contains none of the explanatory variables, A goodness-of-fit test indicates that the model fits the data well, and observed and predicted probabilities of exceeding 4 mg/L nitrate in ground water are strongly correlated (r(2) = 0.971), Eased on the multivariate LR model, vulnerability of ground water to contamination by nitrate depends not on any single factor but on the combined, simultaneous influence of factors representing nitrogen loading sources and aquifer susceptibility characteristics. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Nolan, BT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 413 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 40 TC 86 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 14 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 39 IS 2 BP 290 EP 299 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02311.x PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 408LY UT WOS:000167328700019 PM 11286077 ER PT J AU Mehl, S Hill, MC AF Mehl, S Hill, MC TI A comparison of solute-transport solution techniques and their effect on sensitivity analysis and inverse modeling results SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; HETEROGENEITY AB Five common numerical techniques for solving the advection-dlispersion equation (finite difference, predictor corrector, total variation diminishing, method of characteristics, and modified method of characteristics) were tested using simulations of a controlled conservative tracer-test experiment through a heterogeneous, two-dimensional sand tank. The experimental facility was constructed using discrete, randomly distributed, homogeneous blocks of five sand types. This experimental model provides an opportunity to compare the solution techniques: the heterogeneous hydraulic-conductivity distribution of known structure can be accurately represented by a numerical model, and detailed measurements can be compared with simulated concentrations and total flow through the tank. The present work uses this opportunity to investigate how three common types of results-simulated breakthrough curves, sensitivity analysis, and calibrated parameter values-change in this heterogeneous situation given the different methods of simulating solute transport. The breakthrough curves show that simulated peak concentrations, even at very fine grid spacings, varied between the techniques because of different amounts of numerical dispersion. Sensitivity-analysis results revealed: (1) a high correlation between hydraulic conductivity and porosity given the concentration and flow observations used, so that both could not be estimated; and (2) that the breakthrough curve data did not provide enough information to estimate individual, values of dispersivity for the five sands. This study demonstrates that the choice of assigned dispersivity and the amount of numerical dispersion present in the solution technique influence estimated hydraulic conductivity values to a surprising degree. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Mehl, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 27 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 39 IS 2 BP 300 EP 307 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02312.x PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 408LY UT WOS:000167328700020 PM 11286078 ER PT J AU Chan, JCW Huang, CQ DeFries, R AF Chan, JCW Huang, CQ DeFries, R TI Enhanced algorithm performance for land cover classification from remotely sensed data using bagging and boosting SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE algorithm performance; bagging; boosting; voting classifications ID DECISION TREES AB Two ensemble methods, bagging and boosting, were investigated for improving algorithm performance. Our results confirmed the theoretical explanation [1] that bagging improves unstable, but not stable, learning algorithms, While boosting enhanced accuracy of a weak learner, its behavior is subject to the characteristics of each learning algorithm. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, Lab Global Remote Sensing Studies, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Raytheon ITSS, EROS Data Ctr, USGS, Sioux Falls, SD 57101 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Chan, JCW (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, Lab Global Remote Sensing Studies, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. OI Huang, Chengquan/0000-0003-0055-9798 NR 14 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2001 VL 39 IS 3 BP 693 EP 695 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 413TM UT WOS:000167628100021 ER PT J AU Simmons, OD Sobsey, MD Schaefer, FW Francy, DS AF Simmons, OD Sobsey, MD Schaefer, FW Francy, DS TI Discussion of: "Evaluation of USEPA method 1622 for detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in stream waters" - Responce SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbus, OH USA. RP Simmons, OD (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Rosenau Hall,CB 7400, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 93 IS 3 BP 108 EP 109 PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 434VN UT WOS:000168836700021 ER PT J AU Hubert, TD Vue, C Bernardy, JA Van Horsen, DL Rossulek, MI AF Hubert, TD Vue, C Bernardy, JA Van Horsen, DL Rossulek, MI TI Determination of 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol and 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol glucuronide in edible fillet tissue of rainbow trout and channel catfish by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB 3-Trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) is a pesticide used for the selective control of sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) in stream and river tributaries of the Great bakes. To determine concentrations of TFM and TFM glucuronide in the edible fillet tissue of fish during sea lamprey control treatments, an analytical method was developed to determine the concentrations of these residues in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchos mykiss; RBT) and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatis; CCF), Homogenized fillets were extracted with methanol-water (80 +20), TFM and TFM glucuronide were isolated from coextractives by C-18 solid-phase extraction, TFM glucuronide was hydrolyzed to TFM by the addition of beta -glucuronidase to the TFM glucuronide extract, The extracts were analyzed separately by liquid chromatography with UV-visible detection, Recoveries from TFM-fortified CCF and RBT tissues were 84.1 and 96.1%, respectively, The method detection limits (MDLs) are 2.4 ng/g for TFM-fortified tissues of CCF and 3 ng/g for those of RBT, Recoveries were 78.8 and 77% from TFM glucuronide-fortified CCF and RBT tissues, respectively, The MDLs for TFM glucuronide-fortified tissues are 3.5 and 6.9 ng/g for CCF and RBT, respectively. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Hubert, TD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 84 IS 2 BP 392 EP 398 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 418PU UT WOS:000167901200012 PM 11324603 ER PT J AU Edsall, CC Swink, WD AF Edsall, CC Swink, WD TI Effects of nonlethal sea lamprey attack on the blood chemistry of lake trout SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; SURVIVAL; SIZE AB A laboratory study examined changes in the blood chemistry of field-caught and hatchery-reared lake trout Salvelinus namaycush subjected to a nonlethal attack by sea lampreys Petromyzon marinus. We measured glucose, total protein, amylase, alkaline phosphatase (ALKP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase, calcium, magnesium, triglycerides, sodium, and potassium with a Kodak Ektachem DT60 Analyzer, Ektachem DTSC Module, and the DTE Module. Mean levels of total protein, AST, ALKP, hematocrit, calcium, magnesium, and sodium decreased significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05), and mean levels of ALT and potassium increased significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) after sea lamprey feeding. Lake trout condition (K) and hematocrit levels also decreased significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) after the sea lamprey attack. Frequency distributions of eight lake trout blood chemistry variables and the hematocrit were significantly different before and after a sea lamprey attack. A second study that used hatchery lake trout broodstock measured changes in hematocrit before and after a sea lamprey attack. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. RP Edsall, CC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD MAR PY 2001 VL 13 IS 1 BP 51 EP 55 DI 10.1577/1548-8667(2001)013<0051:EONSLA>2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 434WG UT WOS:000168838400007 ER PT J AU Starliper, CE AF Starliper, CE TI The effect of depuration on transmission of Aeromonas salmonicida between the freshwater bivalve Amblema plicata and Arctic char SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; WATER BIVALVES; MUSSELS; VIRUS AB A model system was used to study bacterial fish pathogen transmission between the freshwater bivalve Amblema plicata and two strains (Nauyuk and Labrador) of Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus. Aeromonas salmonicida, the cause of fish furunculosis, was readily transmitted from Arctic char to A. plicata and vice versa via simple cohabitation. Clinical furunculosis was artificially established in Nauyuk Arctic char via horizontal exposure to Labrador Arctic char that received intraperitoneal injections of A. salmonicida. After the Nauyuk Arctic char began to die, A. plicata were placed in the tank with the fish. After 33 d of cohabitation, a group of 10 A. plicata was cultured, and A. salmonicida was isolated from all 10. The remaining A. plicata were transferred to other tanks being supplied with specific-pathogen-free water. At 1, 5, 15, and 30 d after transfer, 60 uninfected Labrador Arctic char were cohabitated with the A. plicata. Transmission of A. salmonicida from A. plicata to the Arctic char was evaluated via fish mortality and bacterial culture after 3-4 weeks of exposure. Mortality to A. salmonicida occurred in groups exposed to A. plicata after 1 and 5 d of depuration but not in groups exposed after 15 and 30 d. The bacterium was not isolated from either the A. plicata or the Arctic char in the 15- and 30-d groups. Results indicate that the current minimum 30-d quarantine of freshwater bivalves destined for relocation to prevent spread of zebra mussels Dreissena polymorpha is sufficient to allow depuration of a fish pathogen and, thus, to prevent the spread of disease. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Starliper, CE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, 1700 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD MAR PY 2001 VL 13 IS 1 BP 56 EP 62 DI 10.1577/1548-8667(2001)013<0056:TEODOT>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 434WG UT WOS:000168838400008 ER PT J AU Ryce, EKN Zale, AV Nehring, RB AF Ryce, EKN Zale, AV Nehring, RB TI Lack of selection for resistance to whirling disease among progeny of Colorado River rainbow trout SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; MYXOBOLUS-CEREBRALIS; WILD AB We compared the resistance to whirling disease of two groups of Colorado River rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and a domestic strain of rainbow trout in a controlled laboratory challenge. These three groups represented the progeny of wild rainbow trout known to have recruited (1) during the early years of infestation by Myxobolus cerebralis of the Colorado River or (2) before the presence of M. cerebralis in the system and (3) the Erwin strain of rainbow trout. The severity of whirling disease in each group was dependent on the dose of triactinomyxons of M. cerebralis to which the fish were exposed. Microscopic lesions and spore counts both increased with increasing parasite dose. Survival of the progeny of Colorado fish that recruited before the presence of M. cerebralis in the system was significantly less than was that of the domestic fish exposed to 0 and 1,000 triactinomyxons/fish. The parents that recruited to the system before the presence of M. cerebralis were considerably older than were those used for our domestic strain; this difference in parent age probably resulted in the difference in survival because egg quality decreases with age in rainbow trout. There was no difference in microscopic lesions, spore counts, or swimming performance among the three groups of rainbow trout when exposed at the same parasite level, indicating that there was no difference in resistance to whirling disease among these groups of fish. C1 Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Dept Ecol, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Colorado Div Wildlife, Montrose, CO 81401 USA. RP Ryce, EKN (reprint author), Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Dept Ecol, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD MAR PY 2001 VL 13 IS 1 BP 63 EP 68 DI 10.1577/1548-8667(2001)013<0063:LOSFRT>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 434WG UT WOS:000168838400009 ER PT J AU Bader, JA Shotts, EB AF Bader, JA Shotts, EB TI Phylogeny of Flavobacterium and Flexibacter: Response to comment SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, Fish Dis & Parasites Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Bader, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Fish Dis & Parasites Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD MAR PY 2001 VL 13 IS 1 BP 71 EP 72 DI 10.1577/1548-8667(2001)013<0071:POFAFR>2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 434WG UT WOS:000168838400011 ER PT J AU Harper, KT Belnap, J AF Harper, KT Belnap, J TI The influence of biological soil crusts on mineral uptake by associated vascular plants SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE arid lands; cryptobiotic soil crusts; microbiotic soil crusts; nitrogen; plant nutrition; semi-arid lands ID BLUE-GREEN-ALGAE; DESERT; CYANOBACTERIA; CAPACITY; EROSION; UTAH AB Soil surfaces dominated by cyanobacteria and cyanolichens (such as Collema sp.) are widespread in deserts of the world. The influence of these biological soil crusts on the uptake of bioessential elements is reported for the first time for six seed plants of the deserts of Utah. This sample almost doubles the number of species for which the influence of biological soil crusts on mineral uptake of associated vascular plants is known. These new case studies, and others previously published, demonstrate that cyanobacterial or cyanobacteria-Collema crusts significantly alter uptake by plants of many bioessential elements. In studies now available, these crusts always increase the N content of associated seed plants. Uptake of Cu, K, Mg, and Zn is usually (>70% of reported cases) increased in the presence of the biological soil crusts. Soil crusts are generally negatively associated with Fe and P levels in associated seed plant tissue, while plant tissue levels of Ca, Mn, and Na are positively as often as negatively associated with the presence of soil crusts. Increases in bioessential elements in vascular plant tissue from biologically-crusted areas are greatest for short-lived herbs that are rooted primarily within the surface soil, the horizon most influenced by crustal organisms. The mineral content of a deeply rooted shrub (Coleogyne ramosissima) was less influenced by co-occurrence of biological soil crusts. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Bot & Range Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Harper, KT (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Bot & Range Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. NR 46 TC 96 Z9 120 U1 6 U2 44 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 47 IS 3 BP 347 EP 357 DI 10.1006/jare.2000.0713 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 409WP UT WOS:000167408900008 ER PT J AU Longmire, JL Roach, JL Malthie, M White, PS Tatum, OL Makova, KD Hahn, DC AF Longmire, JL Roach, JL Malthie, M White, PS Tatum, OL Makova, KD Hahn, DC TI Tetranucleotide microsatellite markers for the brown-headed Cowbird Molothrus ater SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DNA MARKERS; LINKAGE MAP; GENOME C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Genom Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Longmire, JL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Genom Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM longmire@telomere.lanl.gov NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0908-8857 EI 1600-048X J9 J AVIAN BIOL JI J. Avian Biol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 32 IS 1 BP 76 EP 78 DI 10.1034/j.1600-048X.2001.320111.x PG 3 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 420RW UT WOS:000168018800011 ER PT J AU Erwin, RM Truitt, BR Jimenez, JE AF Erwin, RM Truitt, BR Jimenez, JE TI Ground-nesting waterbirds and mammalian carnivores in the Virginia barrier island region: Running out of options SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BREEDING ECOLOGY; TERNS AB We examined changing patterns of distribution of two large mammalian predators, the raccoon (Procyon lotor) and red fox (Vulpes vulpes), and beach-nesting terns and Black Skimmers (Rynchops niger) along ca. 80 Irm of the Virginia barrier island landscape between the periods 1975-1977 and 1998. Based on evidence from trapping, scent stations, den observations and sightings of the two predators, there has been a marked increase in their island ranges. In 1975-77, only 6 of the 11 surveyed barrier islands definitely harbored at least one of the two mammals, but by 1998, 11 of 14 islands showed evidence of one or both during the spring and summer. Concurrently, annual beach-nesting bird surveys have been conducted since the mid 1970s during June. From 1977 to 1998, the number of colonies of terns [Common (Sterna hirundo), Gull-billed (S. nilotica), Least (S. antillaram), Royal (S, maxima), and Sandwich (S. sanduicensis)] and Black Skimmers declined from 23 colonies on 11 barrier islands to 13 colonies on 10 islands. In addition, the populations decreased dramatically for all species except the marginal Sandwich Tern and Least Tern. This pattern suggests that mammalian predation may be a major factor in colony site selection or success, although we have no data on success at most locations. The only consistently large colony over the years has been the Royal Tern colony on Fisherman Island, one of the few with no resident large mammals. Because these declining waterbirds appear to be running out of options for safe colony sites in coastal Virginia, we discuss the prospects of conducting Limited predator removals on certain islands. In addition, considerations of strict management and enforcement of protection at critical manmade colony sites that now attract large numbers of certain species, are timely. Lastly, where dredged material disposal projects are planned, providing nesting sites for these colonial species and roosting sites for migrant birds may be appropriate. C1 USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Nat Conservancy, Virginia Coast Reserve, Nassawadox, VA 23413 USA. Univ Los Lagos, Ecol Lab, Osorno, Chile. RP Erwin, RM (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 32 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 20 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SPR PY 2001 VL 17 IS 2 BP 292 EP 296 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 443AJ UT WOS:000169316900003 ER PT J AU Dillard, LA Essaid, HI Blunt, MJ AF Dillard, LA Essaid, HI Blunt, MJ TI A functional relation for field-scale nonaqueous phase liquid dissolution developed using a pore network model SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE NAPL; mass transfer; dissolved materials; oil-water interface; simulation ID SATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; MASS-TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS; DENSE CHLORINATED SOLVENTS; WATER INTERFACIAL-AREAS; SUBSURFACE SYSTEMS; AQUIFER REMEDIATION; CAPILLARY-PRESSURE; IMMISCIBLE FLUIDS; TRANSFER RATES; TRANSPORT AB A pore network model with cubic chambers and rectangular tubes was used to estimate the nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) dissolution rate coefficient, K(diss)a(i), and NAPL/water total specific interfacial area, a(i), K(diss)a(i) was computed as a function of modified Peclet number (Pe') for various NAPL saturations (S-N) and a(i) during drainage and imbibition and during dissolution without displacement. The largest contributor to a(i) was the interfacial area in the water-filled corners of chambers and tubes containing NAPL. When K(diss)a(i) was divided by a(i), the resulting curves of dissolution coefficient, K-diss versus Pe' suggested that an approximate value of K-diss could he obtained as a weak function of hysteresis or S-N. Spatially and temporally variable maps of K(diss)a(i) calculated using the network model were used in field-scale simulations of NAPL dissolution. These simulations were compared to simulations using a constant value of K(diss)a(i) and the empirical correlation of Powers et al. [Water Resour. Res. 30(2) (1994b) 321]. Overall, a methodology was developed fut. incorporating pore-scale processes into field-scale prediction of NAPL dissolution. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Petr Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Dillard, LA (reprint author), Syst Technol Associates, 14142 Denver W Pkwy,Suite 300, Golden, CO 80401 USA. OI Blunt, Martin/0000-0002-8725-0250 NR 63 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 48 IS 1-2 BP 89 EP 119 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(00)00171-6 PG 31 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 402DK UT WOS:000166970600005 PM 11291483 ER PT J AU Goolsby, DA Battaglin, WA Aulenbach, BT Hooper, RP AF Goolsby, DA Battaglin, WA Aulenbach, BT Hooper, RP TI Nitrogen input to the Gulf of Mexico SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meetings of the American-Society-of-Agronomy CY 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Agronomy ID TILE DRAINAGE; MISSISSIPPI; FLUXES AB Historical streamflow and concentration data were used in regression models to estimate the annual flux of nitrogen (N) to the Gulf of Mexico and to determine where the nitrogen originates within the Mississippi Basin. Results show that for 1980-1996 the mean annual total N flux to the Gulf of Mexico was 1568 000 t yr(-1). The flux was about 61% nitrate N, 37% organic N, and 2% ammonium N. The nux of nitrate N to the Gulf has approximately tripled in the last 30 years with most of the increase occurring between 1970 and 1983, The mean annual N flux has changed little since the early 1980s, but large year-to-year variations in N flux occur because of variations in precipitation. During wet years the N flux can increase by 50% or more due to pushing of nitrate N that has accumulated in the soils and unsaturated zones in the basin. The principal source areas of N are basins in southern Minnesota, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio that drain agricultural land. Basins in this region yield 1500 to more than 3100 kg N km(-2) yr(-1) to streams, several times the N yield of basins outside this region. C1 US Geol Survey, DFC, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. USGS, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. USGS, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. RP Battaglin, WA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, DFC, MS406, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RI Aulenbach, Brent/A-5848-2008 OI Aulenbach, Brent/0000-0003-2863-1288 NR 22 TC 176 Z9 181 U1 3 U2 50 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 30 IS 2 BP 329 EP 336 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 445JY UT WOS:000169455400006 PM 11285892 ER PT J AU DiLauro, MN Bennett, RM AF DiLauro, MN Bennett, RM TI Fish species composition in two second-order headwater streams in the North Central Appalachians ecoregion SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASSEMBLAGES; QUALITY AB Fish species composition was determined for two second-order headwater streams within the North Central Appalachians ecoregion in northern Pennsylvania. The two streams were widely spaced geographically (over 193 km apart) and occurred in different drainage systems. Streams were sampled in the spring and fall over two years (1996-98) yielding similar fish assemblages. A total of five species was collected. Mottled sculpin (Cottus bairdi), slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus), brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), and brown trout (Salmo trutta) were the dominant adult fishes. Two creek chubs (Semotilus atromaculatus) were also collected. No significant differences were found in sculpin weight, sculpin length, salmonid length, or brook trout length between streams. Paired t-tests detected eight significant seasonal differences within sites. Brook trout and mottled sculpin lengths were significantly greater in fall versus spring, while the reverse was found with slimy sculpins. Catches per unit effort were similar between the two streams, yielding 8.46 and 8.07 fish per minute of electrofishing. Both streams were very similar in faunal assemblages attributed to small, coldwater, high quality headwater streams in other regions. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Res & Dev Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. RP DiLauro, MN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Res & Dev Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 16 IS 1 BP 35 EP 43 DI 10.1080/02705060.2001.9663785 PG 9 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 399FU UT WOS:000166801600004 ER PT J AU Hyatt, MW Hubert, WA AF Hyatt, MW Hubert, WA TI Proposed standard-weight (W-S) equation and length-categorization standards for brown trout (Salmo trutta) in lentic habitats SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REVISION AB We developed a standard-weight (W-s) equation for brown trout (Salmo trutta) in lentic habitats by applying the regression-line-percentile technique to samples from 49 populations in North America. The proposed W-s equation is log(10) W-s = -5.422 + 3. 194 log(10) TL, when W-s is in grams and TL is total length in millimeters. The English-unit equivalent is log(10) W-s = -3.592 + 3.194 log(10) TL, when W-s is in pounds and TL is total length in inches. The equation is applicable for fish of 140-750 mm TL. Proposed length-category standards to evaluate fish within populations are: stock, 200 mm (8 in); quality, 300 mm (12 in); preferred, 400 mm (16 in); memorable, 500 mm (20 in); and trophy, 600 mm (24 in). C1 Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Hyatt, MW (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 16 IS 1 BP 53 EP 56 DI 10.1080/02705060.2001.9663787 PG 4 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 399FU UT WOS:000166801600006 ER PT J AU Paukert, CP Fisher, WL AF Paukert, CP Fisher, WL TI Spring movements of paddlefish in a prairie reservoir system SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALABAMA RIVER; ADULT AB Paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) movements and habitat use were monitored in the Keystone Reservoir System, Oklahoma during 1996-1998 to determine reproductive activity patterns. Paddlefish spring spawning migrations were more dependent on water flows than water temperature or photoperiod. Paddlefish moved up the Cimarron River and Arkansas River in 1997 and 1998 when spring flows increased. However, they did not migrate up the rivers in 1996, a year with extremely low flows. Suitable spawning substrate was found in the Salt Fork River, a major tributary of the Arkansas River, and the tailwaters of Kaw Dam on the Arkansas River. Paddlefish were located over suitable spawning substrate in the Salt Fork River; however, no larvae were collected. Although paddlefish migrate up the Cimarron River in spring, minimal spawning habitat may limit successful spawning in that river. In 1998, paddlefish moved into the Salt Fork River rather than. the Kaw Dam tailwaters, presumably because there was limited flow from Kaw Dam that spring. Paddlefish in the Keystone Reservoir system appear to have adapted to the high spring water temperatures and fluctuating flows enabling successful reproduction. The paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) is native to large midwestern rivers in the central United States, including the Arkansas River and the Cimarron River, which combine to make Keystone Reservoir in northcentral Oklahoma. Paddlefish populations have diminished in numbers during the last century due in part to destruction of spawning grounds and dam construction (Graham 1997). Paddlefish traditionally migrate up rivers in spring (Unkenholz 1982, Russell 1986), where spawning occurs in flowing water over silt-free gravel (Purkett 1961) at water temperatures of 10-18 degrees C (Pitman 1991). However, gravel is sparse in prairie rivers of the southcentral and southwestern U.S., and paddlefish may be required to spawn over other substrates (Bonislawsky 1977). In the last 50 years, impoundments have, in many cases, diminished the size of paddlefish populations because they block fish from their spawning grounds or inundate the spawning areas altogether. In addition, river stage and discharge are usually highly regulated and may not mimic natural spring flow regimes (Unkenholz 1986), which may prohibit paddlefish spawning. However, some paddlefish populations, including the one in Keystone Reservoir, have survived and even flourished (Paukert 1998). Our objective was to determine spring movement patterns associated with reproductive activity of paddlefish in the Keystone Reservoir system, Oklahoma. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey,Biol Resources Div, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Paukert, CP (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, POB 2140B, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. NR 19 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 16 IS 1 BP 113 EP 124 DI 10.1080/02705060.2001.9663794 PG 12 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 399FU UT WOS:000166801600013 ER PT J AU Farag, AM Goldstein, JN Woodward, DF Samadpour, M AF Farag, AM Goldstein, JN Woodward, DF Samadpour, M TI Water quality in three creeks in the backcountry of Grand Teton National Park, USA SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GIARDIA CYSTS AB This study was conducted in Grand Teton National Park during the summers of 1996 and 1997 to investigate the water quality in two high human use areas: Garnet Canyon and lower Cascade Canyon. To evaluate the water quality in these creeks, fecal coliform, Giardia lamblia, coccidia, and microparticulates were measured in water samples. No evidence of fecal coliform, Giardia lamblia, or coccidia, was found in Garnet Creek. The water quality and general water chemistry of Garnet Creek was similar to the reference site. No Giardia lamblia or coccidia were found in Cascade Creek, but fecal coliforms were present. The isolated colonies of Escherichia coli from Cascade Creek matched the ribosome patterns of avian, deer, canine, elk, rodent, and human coliforms. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Jackson Field Res Stn, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Farag, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Jackson Field Res Stn, POB 1089, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 16 IS 1 BP 135 EP 143 DI 10.1080/02705060.2001.9663796 PG 9 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 399FU UT WOS:000166801600015 ER PT J AU Green, DE Sherman, CK AF Green, DE Sherman, CK TI Diagnostic histological findings in Yosemite toads (Bufo canorus) from a die-off in the 1970s SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA CENTRAL VALLEY; SIERRA-NEVADA MOUNTAINS; CURRENT-USE PESTICIDES; UV-B RADIATION; MASS MORTALITY; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; POPULATION DECLINES; AMPHIBIAN DECLINES; AMBYSTOMA-TIGRINUM; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST AB Twelve adult and 25 larval Yosemite toad (Bufo canorus) specimens from the eastern Sierra Nevada of California were examined histologically for evidence of infectious, toxicological, and degenerative diseases. The preserved toads were selected from 21 that had been salvaged or collected during a die-off in 1976-1979 that immediately preceded a population decline. Causes of death of four toads were determined histologically; clinical signs and field observations suggested causes of death of three more. Four toads died of infectious diseases, including chytridiomycosis of the skin (N = 1) bacillary septicemia (N = 2), and combined chytridiomycosis and bacterial septicemia (N = I). infections by a funguslike organism (Dermosporidium penneri) renal myxozoa (Leptotheca ohlmacheri) larval Rhabdias, various gastrointestinal nematodes, urinary bladder flukes, and lung flukes were detected in five specimens. No evidence of degenerative diseases, virus infections, or intoxications was found. The variety of lethal diseases and our inability to determine the causes of death of five specimens suggests that one or more histologically undetectable diseases or intoxications may have also contributed to the deaths and population decline. C1 NIH, Off Res Support, Vet Resources Program, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Green, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, US Dept Interior, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM David_Green@USGS.gov NR 75 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 14 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 EI 1937-2418 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 35 IS 1 BP 92 EP 103 DI 10.2307/1566028 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 413BE UT WOS:000167589400013 ER PT J AU Dungan, MA Wulff, A Thompson, R AF Dungan, MA Wulff, A Thompson, R TI Eruptive stratigraphy of the Tatara-San Pedro complex, 36 degrees S, southern volcanic zone, Chilean Andes: Reconstruction method and implications for magma evolution at long-lived arc volcanic centers SO JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY LA English DT Review DE Andean volcanism; Tatara-San Pedro complex; magmatic differentiation; volcanic stratigraphy; petrologic modeling ID MEDICINE LAKE VOLCANO; PUU-OO ERUPTION; CALC-ALKALINE MAGMA; HIGH-ALUMINA BASALT; CRATER LAVA-FIELD; LOMA SECA TUFF; KILAUEA VOLCANO; CRUSTAL CONTAMINATION; CALABOZOS CALDERA; SILICIC MAGMAS AB (2)DEPARTMENT OF GEOSCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS, AMHERST, MA 01003-5820, USA (US)-U-3 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY (MS 913), DENVER FEDERAL CENTER, DENVER, CO 80225, USA The Quaternary Tatara-San Pedro volcanic complex (36 degreesS, Chilean Andes) comprises eight or more unconformity-bound volcanic sequences, representing variably preserved erosional remnants of volcanic centers generated during similar to 930 ky of activity. activity. The internal eruptive histories of several dominantly mafic to intermediate sequences have been reconstructed on the basis of correlations of whole-rock major and trace element chemistry of flows between multiple sampled sections, but with critical contributions from photogrammetric, geochronologic, and paleomagnetic data. Many groups of flows representing discrete eruptive events define internal variation trends that reflect extrusion of heterogeneous or rapidly evolving magma batches from conduit-reservoir systems in which open-system processes typically played a large role. Long-term progressive evolution trends are extremely rare and the magma compositions of successive eruptive events rarely lie on precisely the same differentiation trend, even where they have evolved from similar parent magmas by similar processes. These observations al-e not consistent with magma differentiation in large long-lived reservoirs, but they may be accommodated by diverse inter-actions between newly arrived magma inputs and multiple resident pockets of evolved magma and/or crystal mush residing in conduit-dominated subvolcanic reservoirs. Without constraints provided by the reconstructed stratigraphic relations, the framework for petrologic modeling would be far different. A well-established eruptive stratigraphy may provide independent constraints on the petrologic processes involved in magma evolution-simply on the basis of the specific order in which diverse, broadly cogenetic magmas have been erupted. The Tatara-San Pedro complex includes lavas ranging from primitive basalt to high-SiO2 rhyolite, and although the dominant erupted magma tyke was basaltic andesite (similar to 52-55 wt % SiO2) each sequence is characterized by unique proportions of mafic, intermediate, and silicic eruptive products. Intermediate lava compositions also record different evolution paths, both within and between sequences. No systematic long-term pattern is evident from comparisons at the level of sequences. The considerable diversity of mafic and evolved magmas of the Tatara-San Pedro complex bean on interpretations of regional geochemical trends. The variable role of open-system processes in shaping the compositions of evolved Tatara-San Pedro complex magmas, and even some basaltic magmas, leads to the conclusion that addressing Problems such as arc magma genesis and elemental fluxes through subduction Zones on the basis of averaged or regressed reconnaissance geochemical datasets is a tenuous exercise. Such compositional indices are highly instructive for identifying broad regional trends and first-order problems, but they should be used with extreme caution in attempts to quantify processes and magma sources, including crustal components, implicated in these trends. C1 Univ Geneva, Sect Sci Terre, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Geosci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Dungan, MA (reprint author), Univ Geneva, Sect Sci Terre, 13 Rue Maraichers, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. NR 106 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-3530 J9 J PETROL JI J. Petrol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 42 IS 3 BP 555 EP 626 DI 10.1093/petrology/42.3.555 PG 72 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 422XW UT WOS:000168145400005 ER PT J AU Anthony, RG AF Anthony, RG TI Low productivity of bald eagles on Prince of Wales Island, southeast Alaska SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bald Eagle; Haliaeetus leucocephalus; nearest-neighbor effects; productivity; southeast Alaska ID ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; NEST SITES; POPULATION; COLUMBIA; DIOXINS; OREGON; RATES; EGGS AB Investigated reproductive success of Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) on Prince of Wales Island, Alaska from 1991-93. Productivity (0.13 young produced per occupied territory) was the lowest recorded for the species throughout its geographic range. Productivity was not significantly different among different habitats including remote roadless areas vs. roaded and logged areas, which suggested that habitat alterations were not the cause of low productivity. Because nesting densities were high and I observed some effects of proximity of nearest neighbor pairs, I suggest these densities (proximate factor) were affecting productivity through reduced food availability (ultimate factor). However, I could not rule out the effects of environmental contaminants, although this seemed unlikely because of the distance of the island from industrial and agricultural areas. I discuss the various potential causes of this low rate of productivity. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Anthony, RG (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 41 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 35 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 428JJ UT WOS:000168458300001 ER PT J AU Spinelli, GA Field, ME AF Spinelli, GA Field, ME TI Evolution of continental slope gullies on the northern California margin SO JOURNAL OF SEDIMENTARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENT; SEA; SHELF; DISPERSAL; EROSION AB A series of subparallel, downslope-trending gullies on the northern California continental slope is revealed on high-resolution seismic reflection profiles imaging the uppermost 50 m of sediment. The gullies are typically 100 m wide and have 1 to 3 m of relief. They extend for 10 to 15 km down the slope and merge into larger channels that feed the Trinity Canyon, In the lower half of the 50 m stratigraphic section, the gullies increase in both relief and number up section, to maxima at a surface 5 to 10 m below the last glacial maximum low stand surface. Gully relief increased as interfluves aggraded more rapidly than thalwegs, Erosion is not evident in the gully bottoms, therefore gully growth was probably due to reduced sediment deposition within the gullies relative to that on interfluves, As the gullies increased in relief, their heads extended upslope toward the shelfbreak, At all times, a minimum of 10 km of non-gullied upper slope and shelf stretched between the heads of the gullies and the paleo-shoreline; the gullies did not connect with a subaerial drainage network at any time. Gully growth occurred when the gully heads were in relatively shallow water (similar to 200 m paleo-water depth) and were closest to potential sediment sources, We suggest that prior to the last glacial maximum, the Mad River, then within 10 km of the gully heads, supplied sediment to the upper slope, which fed downslope-eroding sediment flows. These flows removed sediment from nearly parallel gullies at a rate slightly slower than sediment accumulation from the Eel River, 40 km to the south, The process or processes responsible for gully growth and maintenance prior to the last glacial maximum effectively ceased following the lowstand, when sea level rose and gully heads lag in deeper water (similar to 300 m water depth), farther from potential sediment sources. During sea-level highstand, the Mad River is separated from the gully heads by a shelf 30 km wide and no longer feeds sediment flows down the gullies, which fill with sediment from the distal Eel River. Approximately one-half of the subsurface gullies have no expression on the seafloor, because they have completely filled with sediment following the last glacial maximum lowstand of sea level. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Spinelli, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RI Spinelli, Glenn/B-1346-2009 NR 26 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 1731 E 71ST STREET, TULSA, OK 74136-5108 USA SN 1073-130X J9 J SEDIMENT RES JI J. Sediment. Res. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 71 IS 2 BP 237 EP 245 DI 10.1306/092500710237 PN B PG 9 WC Geology SC Geology GA 409YG UT WOS:000167412800002 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Villella, RF Lemarie, DP AF Smith, DR Villella, RF Lemarie, DP TI Survey protocol for assessment of endangered freshwater mussels in the Allegheny River, Pennsylvania SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE freshwater mussels; population assessment; sampling design; Epioblasma torulosa rangiana; Pleurobema clava; Endangered Species Act ID ELLIPTIO-COMPLANATA; POPULATIONS; RARE AB The United States Endangered Species Act (ESA) requires a biological assessment of any activity that is authorized, funded or carried out by a federal agency and likely to affect a federally listed endangered species or its critical habitat. We developed a standardized survey protocol for biological assessments of the effects of bridge replacements on 2 federally listed endangered freshwater mussels, Epioblasma torulosa rangiana and Pleurobema clava found in the Allegheny River, Pennsylvania. The protocol combines qualitative sampling to determine species present with quantitative sampling to estimate density. Data on species present satisfy the minimum requirement of a biological assessment, whereas estimates of density are needed to assess the number of individuals that would die as a result of bridge replacement. Some excavation of substrate is necessary for unbiased population estimates because of species and sex-specific differences in detection at the substrate surface We reduced the amount of excavation and cost of the survey by using a statistical sampling technique called double sampling, which uses counts from excavating a subset of quadrats to calibrate counts from searching the substrate surface of all quadrats. We applied the survey protocol to the Allegheny River at West Hickory where E. t. rangiana was the 3(rd) and P. clava was the 4(th) most abundant mussel at the site Only 31% of P. clava and 52% of E. t, rangiana (80% of females, 45% of males) were detected at the substrate surface We estimated that 9173 (95% CI: 6309-13,336) E. t. rangiana and 7010 (95% CI: 4462-11,013) P. clava lived within 50 m of the existing bridge and would be affected immediately by bridge construction. (Population estimates did not include mussels too small to be retained on a 6.35-mm-mesh sieve) Application of the protocol is not limited to biological assessment under the ESA, but is appropriate where site-specific status of freshwater mussel populations is required. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Leetown Sci Ctr, 1700 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 23 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 15 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 20 IS 1 BP 118 EP 132 DI 10.2307/1468193 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 405GY UT WOS:000167152700010 ER PT J AU Rodda, GH Perry, G Rondeau, RJ Lazell, J AF Rodda, GH Perry, G Rondeau, RJ Lazell, J TI The densest terrestrial vertebrate SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE absolute population density; British Virgin Islands; community ecology; geckos; leaf litter; lizards; removal sampling; Sphaerodactylus macrolepis ID RAIN-FOREST; ABUNDANCE; LIZARDS C1 USGS Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Colorado State Univ, Colorado Nat Heritage Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Conservat Agcy, Jamestown, RI USA. RP Rodda, GH (reprint author), USGS Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, 4512 McMurry Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RI Perry, George/A-8611-2009 OI Perry, George/0000-0002-6547-0172 NR 24 TC 39 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI PORT CHESTER PA 110 MIDLAND AVE, PORT CHESTER, NY 10573-4930 USA SN 0266-4674 J9 J TROP ECOL JI J. Trop. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 17 BP 331 EP 338 PN 2 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 418XW UT WOS:000167920700012 ER PT J AU Morton, RA Nava, RC Arhelger, M AF Morton, RA Nava, RC Arhelger, M TI Factors controlling navigation-channel shoaling in Laguna Madre, Texas SO JOURNAL OF WATERWAY PORT COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB Shoaling in the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway of Laguna Madre, Tex., is caused primarily by recycling of dredged sediments. Sediment recycling, which is controlled by water depth and location with respect to the predominant wind-driven currents, is minimal where dredged material is placed on tidal flats that are either flooded infrequently or where the water is extremely shallow. In contrast, nearly all of the dredged material placed in open water >1.5 m deep is reworked and either transported back into the channel or dispersed into the surrounding lagoon. A sediment flux analysis incorporating geotechnical properties demonstrated that erosion and not postemplacement compaction caused most sediment losses from the placement areas. Comparing sediment properties in the placement areas and natural lagoon indicated that the remaining dredged material is mostly a residual of initial channel construction. Experimental containment designs (shallow subaqueous mound, submerged levee, and emergent levee) constructed in high-maintenance areas to reduce reworking did not retain large volumes of dredged material. The emergent levee provided the greatest retention potential approximately 2 years after construction. C1 US Geol Survey, Ctr Coast Geol, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Schlumberger, Sugar Land, TX 77478 USA. PBS&J, Austin, TX 78746 USA. RP Morton, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Coast Geol, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-950X J9 J WATERW PORT C-ASCE JI J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Eng.-ASCE PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 127 IS 2 BP 72 EP 81 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(2001)127:2(72) PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 405KL UT WOS:000167158500002 ER PT J AU Augustine, P Olsen, G Danforth, H Novilla, M AF Augustine, P Olsen, G Danforth, H Novilla, M TI Use of monoclonal antibodies developed against chicken coccidia (Eimeria) to study invasion and development of Eimeria reichenowi in Florida sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Florida sandhill crane; Grus canadensis; coccidia; Eimeria reichenowi; invasion; development; monoclonal antibodies ID DISSEMINATED VISCERAL COCCIDIOSIS AB Eimeria gruis and Eimeria reichenowi are common coccidial parasites of a number of species of cranes. Until recently, little was known about either the site for invasion or the dynamics of early development of the crane coccidia because of the difficulty of identifying sporozoites and early developmental stages of these parasites by conventional staining methods, In the present study, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) elicited against Eimeria spp. of chickens and turkeys were found to cross-react with sporozoites and developmental stages of E. reichenowi in the tissues of Florida sandhill cranes (Grits canadensis). With these Mabs. E. reichenowi sporozoites were found in specimens taken at 6 hr postinoculation (PI) from just proximal to Meckel's diverticulum in the jejunum to the ileocecal juncture. Fewer were found in the ceca and rectum and none in the duodenal loop. At 24 hr PI. there were markedly fewer sporozoites and their location had shifted to the duodenum. No stages were seen in intestinal cells at 5 days PI (DPI), but trophozoites had developed in the liver and spleen. At 10 DPI, sexual stages were detected in the intestine from the duodenal loop through Meckel's diverticulum but not in other organs. By 14 DPI, numerous developmental stages were detected in the intestine (ceca and jejunum), liver, and lungs but not in the heart. kidney, or brain. The number, location, and maturity of the stages in the ceca differed markedly from those in the Jejunum. C1 ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Eli Lilly & Co, Lilly Res Labs, Greenfield, IN 46104 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Augustine, P (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 32 IS 1 BP 65 EP 70 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 478LW UT WOS:000171348500008 PM 12790396 ER PT J AU Ross, SW Sulak, KJ Munroe, TA AF Ross, SW Sulak, KJ Munroe, TA TI Association of Syscenus infelix (Crustacea : Isopoda : Aegidae) with benthopelagic rattail fishes, Nezumia spp. (Macrouridae), along the western North Atlantic continental slope SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FAUNA AB During submersible surveys along the continental slope (summers of 1991 and 1992, 184-847 m) between False Cape, Virginia, and Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, USA, we observed the aegid isopod, Syscenus infelix Harger, attached to the macrourid Nezumia bairdii (Goode and Bean). This is the first report of S. infelix attached to fishes in the western North Atlantic. The association of this blind isopod with its host appears species specific. The large, conspicuous isopod always attached to a fish in the same location, the dorsal midline, immediately behind the first dorsal fin. Attachment appears to be long term, with the isopod forming a characteristic scar consisting of a distinct discolored oval depression with seven small, dark impressions that coalesce as the fish grows. Only one S. infelix was found on each host fish. The isopod occurred on 23.7% of N. bairdii observed from submersible on the middle continental slope off Virginia and North Carolina, compared with 16.6% of 1236 museum specimens of the same species (based on inspection for scars) collected at latitudes 26 degrees -64 degreesN. Prevalence of the fish-isopod association was not correlated with depth or latitude. We also found identical scars on preserved specimens of N, aequalis (2.6% of 660 specimens), N. sclerorhynchus (1.2% of 86 specimens), and N. suilla (14.3% of 7 specimens), mostly from areas outside the range of N. bairdii. No scars were found on museum specimens of N. atlantica (n = 27), N. cyrano (n = 57), or N. longebarbata (n = 7). The low incidence of isopod attachment on these species suggests that N. bairdii is the preferred host. Infestation by the isopod appears to result in erosion of host fish scales and tissue. We propose that S. infelix is an obligate associate of its host fish and should be considered parasitic. C1 N Carolina Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Florida Caribbean Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Ross, SW (reprint author), N Carolina Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, 1 Marvin Moss Ln, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 138 IS 3 BP 595 EP 601 DI 10.1007/s002270000485 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 417MG UT WOS:000167838300016 ER PT J AU Eganhouse, RP Pontolillo, J AF Eganhouse, RP Pontolillo, J TI Depositional history of organic contaminants on the Palos Verdes Shelf, California (vol 70, pg 317, 2000) SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Correction C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Eganhouse, RP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12001 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 73 IS 3-4 BP 353 EP 353 DI 10.1016/S0304-4203(00)00111-0 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 399PK UT WOS:000166821400011 ER PT J AU Seal, RR Ayuso, RA Foley, NK Clark, SHB AF Seal, RR Ayuso, RA Foley, NK Clark, SHB TI Sulfur and lead isotope geochemistry of hypogene mineralization at the Barite Hill Gold Deposit, Carolina Slate Belt, southeastern United States: a window into and through regional metamorphism SO MINERALIUM DEPOSITA LA English DT Article ID HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; SULFIDE DEPOSITS; MASSIVE SULFIDES; SOUTH-CAROLINA; SELWYN BASIN; EVOLUTION; MINERALOGY; EQUILIBRIA; PIEDMONT; SULFATE AB The Barite Hill gold deposit, at the southwestern end of the Carolina slate belt in the southeastern United States, is one of four gold deposits in the region that have a combined yield of 110 metric tons of gold over the past 10 years. At Barite Hill, production has dominantly come from oxidized ores. Sulfur isotope data from hypogene portions of the Barite Hill gold deposit vary systematically with pyrite-barite associations and provide insights into both the pre-metamorphic Late Proterozoic hydrothermal and the Paleozoic regional metamorphic histories of the deposit. The delta S-34 values of massive barite cluster tightly between 25.0 and 28.0 parts per thousand, which closely match the published values for Late Proterozoic seawater and thus support a seafloor hydrothermal origin. The delta S-34 values of massive sulfide range from 1.0 to 5.3 parts per thousand, and fall within the range of values observed for modern and ancient seafloor hydrothermal sulfide deposits. In contrast delta S-34 values for finer-grained, intergrown pyrite (5.1-6.8 parts per thousand) and barite (21.0-23.9 parts per thousand) are higher and lower than their massive counterparts, respectively. Calculated sulfur isotope temperatures for the latter barite-pyrite pairs (Delta = 15.9-17.1 parts per thousand) range from 332-355 degreesC and probably reflect post-depositional equilibration at greenschist-facies regional metamorphic conditions. Thus, pyrite and barite occurring separately from one another provide premetamorphic information about the hydrothermal origin of the deposit, whereas pyrite and barite occurring together equilibrated to record the metamorphic conditions. Preliminary fluid inclusion data from sphalerite are consistent with a modified seawater source for the mineralizing fluids, but data from quartz and barite may reflect later metamorphic and (or) more recent meteoric water input. Lead isotope values from pyrites range for Pb-206/Pb-204 from 18.005-18.294, for (207)pb/(204)pb from 15.567-15.645, and for Pb-208/Pb-204 from 37.555-38.015. The data indicate derivation of the ore leads from the country rocks, which themselves show evidence for contributions from relatively unradiogenic, mantle-like lead, and more evolved or crustal lead. Geological relationships, and stable and radiogenic isotopic data, suggest that the Barite Hill gold deposit formed on the Late Proterozoic seafloor through exhalative hydrothermal processes similar to those that were responsible for the massive sulfide deposits of the Kuroko district, Japan. On the basis of similarities with other gold-rich massive sulfide deposits and modern seafloor hydrothermal systems, the gold at Barite Hill was probably introduced as an integral part of the formation of the massive sulfide deposit. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Seal, RR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 56 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0026-4598 J9 MINER DEPOSITA JI Miner. Depos. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 36 IS 2 BP 137 EP 148 DI 10.1007/s001260050294 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 422CH UT WOS:000168100000003 ER PT J AU Hough, SE AF Hough, SE TI The aftershocks that weren't SO NATURAL HISTORY LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Hough, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MUSEUM NAT HISTORY PI NEW YORK PA ATTN: LIBRARY SERIALS UNIT CENTRAL PK WEST AT 79TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10024-5192 USA SN 0028-0712 J9 NAT HIST JI Nat. Hist. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 110 IS 2 BP 64 EP 69 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 403QL UT WOS:000167053900019 ER PT J AU Boubee, JA Mitchell, CP Chisnall, BL West, DW Bowman, EJ Haro, A AF Boubee, JA Mitchell, CP Chisnall, BL West, DW Bowman, EJ Haro, A TI Factors regulating the downstream migration of mature eels (Anguilla spp,) at Aniwhenua Dam, Bay of Plenty, New Zealand SO NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE eels; dams; fish-passage; fish migration; growth; Anguilla australis; A. dieffenbachii ID WAIKATO RIVER; NORTH-ISLAND; AGE; GROWTH; DIEFFENBACHII; AUSTRALIS; BASIN; SIZE AB The downstream migrations of mature longfinned eels (Anguilla dieffenbachii Gray, 1842) and shortfinned eels (Anguilla australis Richardson, 1848) were investigated at Aniwhenua Dam on the Rangitaiki River between 1992 and 1998. Migrants were mostly females over 1000 mm total length (TL) with otoliths indicating rapid growth rates. Migrations, which occurred on a few nights each autumn, generally began once water temperatures began to decline and ended when temperatures dropped below c. 11 degreesC. Rainfall and flow increases were found to be key factors triggering migration events. Rainfall exceeding a cumulative total of 40 mm over 3 days accounted for 60% of migrant eels arriving at Aniwhenua. It is proposed that such rainfall triggers could be used as predictors to instigate mitigation activities that would allow mature eels to proceed uninjured past barriers such as hydro-electric darns. C1 Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand. Mitchell & Associates, Raglan, New Zealand. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Boubee, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res Ltd, POB 11 115, Hamilton, New Zealand. OI Haro, Alexander/0000-0002-7188-9172 NR 59 TC 31 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-8330 EI 1175-8805 J9 NEW ZEAL J MAR FRESH JI N. Z. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 35 IS 1 BP 121 EP 134 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 429KZ UT WOS:000168517300009 ER PT J AU Gloutney, ML Alisauskas, RT Afton, AD Slattery, SM AF Gloutney, ML Alisauskas, RT Afton, AD Slattery, SM TI Foraging time and dietary intake by breeding Ross's and Lesser Snow Geese SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Chen caerulescens caerulescens; Chen rossii; female foraging behaviour; Lesser Snow Goose; Ross's Goose ID WHITE-FRONTED GEESE; NUTRIENT RESERVES; CANADA GEESE; NORTHERN SHOVELERS; ANNUAL CYCLE; FEMALE; REPRODUCTION; ECOLOGY; BIOLOGY; FOOD AB We compared foraging times of female Ross's (Chen rossii) and Lesser Snow Geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens) breeding at Karrak Lake, NT, Canada and examined variation due to time of dav and reproductive stage. We subsequently collected female geese that had foraged for known duration and we estimated mass of foods consumed during foraging bouts. Female Ross's Geese spent more time foraging (mean % +/- SE = 28.4 +/- 1.3%; P = 0.0002), on average, than did female Lesser Snow Geese (21.5 +/- 1.4%). Foraging time by female geese differed among reproductive stages, but differences were not consistent among time periods (stage-by-time block interaction, P=0.0003). Females spent considerably mon time foraging during prelaying and laying than during incubation. Ross's Geese also spent a greater percent of time feeding (83.0 +/-2.8%) during incubation recesses than did Lesser Snow Geese (60.9 +/- -3.6%). Consumption of organic matter during foraging bouts was minimal; estimated consumption averaged 9.6 +/-4.0 and 12.4 +/-4.6 g (mean +/- SE) dry mass/day before incubation and 5.9 +/-2.0 and 5.7 +/-2.1 g dry mass/day during incubation for Lesser Snow and Ross's Geese, respectively. Diets consisted primarily of mosses (bryophytes), Chickweed (Stellaria spp.) and Sedges (Carex spp.). Before incubation, eggshell consumption was estimated as 4.3 +/-3.2 and 0.4 +/-0.3 g dry mass/day for Lesser Snow and Ross's Geese, respectively; neither species consumed eggshell during incubation. We conclude that eggshell from nests of previous years is likely an important source of dietary calcium used to meet mineral demands of eggshell formation at Karrak Lake. Our findings of wide disparities between foraging time and food intake indicate that results from studies that do not directly measure intake rates remain equivocal. Finally, we propose four hypotheses accounting for foraging effort that evidently yields little nutritional or energetic benefit to geese nesting at Karrak Lake. C1 Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. Canadian Wildlife Serv, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada. Louisiana State Univ, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Gloutney, ML (reprint author), Ducks Unltd Canada, POB 430, Amherst, NS B4H 3Z5, Canada. NR 67 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAR PY 2001 VL 127 IS 1 BP 78 EP 86 DI 10.1007/s004420000577 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 413UA UT WOS:000167629200009 ER PT J AU Taylor, RC Trexler, JC Loftus, WF AF Taylor, RC Trexler, JC Loftus, WF TI Separating the effects of intra- and interspecific age-structured interactions in an experimental fish assemblage SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE food web; age-structure; competition; predation; cannibalism ID GAMBUSIA-HOLBROOKI; HETERANDRIA-FORMOSA; PATH-ANALYSIS; PREDATION; MOSQUITOFISH; PREY; EVOLUTION; FLORIDA; SIZE; POECILIIDAE AB We documented patterns of age-structured biotic interactions in four mesocosm experiments with an assemblage of three species of co-occurring fishes from the Florida Everglades, the eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki), sailfin molly (Poecilia latipinna), and bluefin killifish (Lucania goodei). These species were chosen based on their high abundance and overlapping diets. Juvenile mosquitofish and sailfin mollies, at a range of densities matching field estimates, were maintained in the presence of adult mosquitofish, sailfin mollies, and bluefin killifish to test for effects of competition and predation on juvenile survival and growth. The mesocosms held 1,200 1 of water and all conditions were set to simulate those in Shark River Slough, Everglades National Park (ENP), USA. We placed floating mars of periphyton and bladderwort in each tank in standard volumes that matched field values to provide cover and to introduce invertebrate prey. Of 15 possible intra- and interspecific age-structured interactions, we found 7 to be present at the densities of these fish found in Shark River Slough marshes. Predation by adult mosquitofish on juvenile fish, including conspecifics, was the strongest effect observed. We also observed growth limitation in mosquitofish and sailfin molly juveniles from intra- and interspecific competition. When maintained at high densities, juvenile mosquitofish changed their diets to include more cladocerans and fewer chironomid larvae relative to low densities. We estimated size-specific gape limitation by adult mosquitofish when consuming juvenile mosquitofish and sailfin mollies. At high field densities, intraspecific competition might prolong the time period when juveniles are vulnerable to predation by adult mosquitofish. These results suggest that path analysis, or other techniques used to document food-web interactions, must include age-specific roles of these fishes. C1 Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. USGS Biol Resources Div, Everglades Nalt Pk Field Stn, Homestead, FL 33034 USA. RP Taylor, RC (reprint author), Univ Louisiana, Dept Biol, POB 42451, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. NR 47 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 21 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAR PY 2001 VL 127 IS 1 BP 143 EP 152 DI 10.1007/s004420000575 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 413UA UT WOS:000167629200016 ER PT J AU Swezey, C AF Swezey, C TI Eolian sediment responses to late Quaternary climate changes: temporal and spatial patterns in the Sahara SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Quaternary; holocene; Sahara; eolian; stratigraphy ID NATURAL-RADIOCARBON MEASUREMENTS; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; YOUNGER DRYAS EVENT; LAKE-LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; ATMOSPHERIC C-14/C-12; LACUSTRINE SEDIMENTS; HYDROLOGICAL CHANGES; OCEAN CIRCULATION; LATE PLEISTOCENE AB This paper presents a compilation of eolian-based records of late Quaternary climate changes in the Sahara. Although the data are relatively sparse, when viewed as a whole, they reveal a general pattern of widespread eolian sediment mobilization prior to 11,000 cal. years BP, eolian sediment stabilization from 11,000 to 5000 cal. years BP, and a return to widespread eolian sediment mobilization after 5000 cal. years sp. Furthermore, an eolian-based record from southern Tunisia reveals the existence of millennial-scale changes in eolian sediment behavior. These: millennial-scale variations provide examples of eolian sediment responses to climate changes at a scale intermediate between seasonal and orbital ('Milankovitch') changes, and they are also coincident with abrupt atmospheric and oceanic changes. The general synchroneity of the eolian stratigraphic records and their coincidence with various oceanic and atmospheric changes suggest that global forcing mechanisms have influenced late Quaternary eolian sediment behavior in the Sahara. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78713 USA. RP Swezey, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Team, Mailstop 956 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM cswezey@usgs.gov OI Swezey, Christopher/0000-0003-4019-9264 NR 179 TC 91 Z9 94 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD MAR 1 PY 2001 VL 167 IS 1-2 BP 119 EP 155 DI 10.1016/S0031-0182(00)00235-2 PG 37 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 404WB UT WOS:000167124100006 ER PT J AU Barboza, PS Jorde, DG AF Barboza, PS Jorde, DG TI Intermittent feeding in a migratory omnivore: Digestion and body composition of American black duck during autumn SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WINTERING CANVASBACKS; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; GARDEN WARBLER; SYLVIA BORIN; BIRDS; MALLARDS; MASS; RESPONSES; RESERVES; TRACT AB Birds fast intermittently during weather disturbances and migration. We tested responses of black duck to lost feeding days during autumn mass gain. Nine adult males were fed a pelleted diet (1.5% fat, 15.8% protein, and 18.3% neutral detergent fiber) and caged indoors during September and October (12 h light; 17 degrees -24 degreesC) to measure balances over 14 d when fed ad lib. each day and fasted intermittently for 2 d wk(-1) (short fast) or 4 d wk(-1) (long fast). Body mass (1,081 g), body water content, and metabolizable intakes of energy and protein were maintained as daily intakes of dry matter increased to 1.65 (short fast) and 2.35 (long fast) times the unfasted level. Intermittent feeding reduced metabolizability of dry matter, energy, protein, and acid detergent fiber. Concentrations of Mn provided similar estimates of metabolizability to direct measures in unfasted birds but underestimated measures of birds on long fasts. Fasting regimes continued outdoors for 9 wk when temperatures declined to -9 degreesC. Birds on short fasts were heavier (1,373 vs. 1,241 g) and fatter (159 vs. 58 g) than those on long fasts, while body water (894 g) and protein (316 g) were similar between groups after 5 wk. Birds on long fasts subsequently gained mass when fed daily, but those on short fasts lost mass when fed each day. Omnivorous waterfowl combine ingestive and digestive flexibility with plasticity of body lipid to contend with uncertain food availability. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Barboza, PS (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Dept Biol & Wildlife, POB 757000, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. OI Barboza, Perry/0000-0002-1489-6448 NR 61 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1522-2152 J9 PHYSIOL BIOCHEM ZOOL JI Physiol. Biochem. Zool. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 74 IS 2 BP 307 EP 317 DI 10.1086/319658 PG 11 WC Physiology; Zoology SC Physiology; Zoology GA 416PG UT WOS:000167788900016 PM 11247749 ER PT J AU Bond, AR Levine, RM AF Bond, AR Levine, RM TI Noril'sk nickel and Russian platinum-group metals production SO POST-SOVIET GEOGRAPHY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID INDUSTRY; KAZAKSTAN AB Two specialists on the mineral industries of the former USSR examine current operations and plans for future development of Noril'sk Nickel RAG, Russia's largest producer of nickel, copper, and platinum-group metals (PGM). The paper surveys recent changes in demand (world market prices) for Noril'sk Nickel's major export commodities (with particular emphasis on PGM) and investigates the extent to which these are reflected in the company's Development Plan to 2010. Plans to increase PGM output are assessed in light of such constraints as character of the ore resource. an aging physical infrastructure, availability of investment capital, and transportation costs and bottlenecks. Journal of Economic Literature. C1 Bellwether Publishing Ltd, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Int Minerals Sect, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Bond, AR (reprint author), Bellwether Publishing Ltd, 8640 Guilford Rd,Suite 200, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. NR 62 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU V H WINSTON & SON INC PI PALM BEACH PA 360 SOUTH OCEAN BLVD, PH-B, PALM BEACH, FL 33480 USA SN 1088-9388 J9 POST-SOV GEOGR ECON JI Post-Sov. Geogr. Econ. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 42 IS 2 BP 77 EP 104 PG 28 WC Economics; Geography SC Business & Economics; Geography GA 425VT UT WOS:000168312900001 ER PT J AU Clapp, EM Bierman, PR Nichols, KK Pavich, M Caffee, M AF Clapp, EM Bierman, PR Nichols, KK Pavich, M Caffee, M TI Rates of sediment supply to arroyos from upland erosion determined using in situ produced cosmogenic Be-10 and Al-26 SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NUCLIDES; INSITU; ROCKS; SURFACES; QUARTZ AB Using Be-10 and Al-26 measured in sediment and bedrock, we quantify rates of upland erosion and sediment supply to a small basin in northwestern New Mexico. This and many other similar basins in the southwestern United States have been affected by cycles of arroyo incision and backfilling several times in the past few millennia. The sediment generation (275 +/- 65 g m(-2) yr(-1)) and bedrock equivalent lowering rates (102 +/- 24 m myr(-1)) we determine are sufficient to support at least three arroyo cycles in the past 3,000 years, consistent with rates calculated from a physical sediment budget within the basin and regional rates determined using other techniques. Nuclide concentrations measured in different sediment sources and reservoirs suggest that the arroyo is a good spatial and temporal integrator of sediment and associated nuclide concentrations from throughout the basin, that the basin is in steady-state, and that nuclide concentration is independent of sediment grain size. Differences between nuclide concentrations measured in sediment sources and reservoirs reflect sediment residence times and indicate that subcolluvial bedrock weathering on hillslopes supplies more sediment to the basin than erosion of exposed bedrock. (C) 2001 University of Washington. C1 Univ Vermont, Sch Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Geol, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Clapp, EM (reprint author), CO SME, 4 Blanchard Rd,Box 85A, Cumberland Ctr, ME 04021 USA. RI Caffee, Marc/K-7025-2015 OI Caffee, Marc/0000-0002-6846-8967 NR 35 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 55 IS 2 BP 235 EP 245 DI 10.1006/qres.2000.2211 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 416XC UT WOS:000167804800013 ER PT J AU Tyser, RW Rogers, SJ Owens, TW Robinson, LR AF Tyser, RW Rogers, SJ Owens, TW Robinson, LR TI Changes in backwater plant communities from 1975 to 1995 in Navigation Pool 8, Upper Mississippi River SO REGULATED RIVERS-RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aquatic macrophytes; disturbance; diversity; flood; succession ID UPPER RHONE RIVER; AQUATIC VEGETATION; SPECIES TRAITS; FLOODPLAIN; SEDIMENTATION; MACROPHYTES; DISTURBANCE; SUCCESSION; SYSTEM; LAKE AB Water elevation in the Upper Mississippi River (UMR) is highly regulated by an extensive system of locks and darns. Completion of this system in the 1930s created productive, biologically diverse backwater habitats. The status of plant communities in these backwater areas may now be threatened by several factors, including sediment accumulation, recreational use, and navigation traffic. Aerial photography. taken in 1975 and from 1991 to 1995, was used to describe vegetation changes occurring in four UMR backwater areas of Navigation Pool 8. The objectives were to determine (1) if changes occurring in these areas are consistent with hydrarch succession, (2) if the diversity of their plant communities has declined since 1975, and (3) how a large flood event that occurred in 1993 affected the composition and diversity of plant communities in these areas. Three general cover classes were recognized. representing an aquatic to terrestrial gradient. Coverages of specific vegetation types were estimated and evaluated using two indices of community diversity (vegetation richness and the Shannon diversity index). Though some vegetation changes were consistent with expected successional patterns (e.g. increased terrestrialization). other changes were not (e.g. loss of marsh vegetation). Diversity indices and coverages of most aquatic macrophytes declined from 1975 to 1991/1992 but then increased following the 1993 flood. The results suggest that disturbance-diversity concepts, including the flood pulse model, are applicable to the vegetation dynamics of these systems. Published in 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Wisconsin, River Studies Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54602 USA. RP Tyser, RW (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, River Studies Ctr, 1725 State St, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. NR 54 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0886-9375 J9 REGUL RIVER JI Regul. Rivers-Res. Manage. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 17 IS 2 BP 117 EP 129 DI 10.1002/rrr.609 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 416FW UT WOS:000167770500002 ER PT J AU Thieme, ML McIvor, CC Brouder, MJ Hoffnagle, L AF Thieme, ML McIvor, CC Brouder, MJ Hoffnagle, L TI Effects of pool formation and flash flooding on relative abundance of young-of-year flannelmouth suckers in the Paria River, Arizona SO REGULATED RIVERS-RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Colorado River; dam management; flannelmouth sucker; rearing habitat; recruitment; tributary mouths; young-of-year ID COLORADO RIVER; GRAND-CANYON; REGULATED RIVER; FISH; TRIBUTARIES; LARVAL; VARIABILITY AB Flannelmouth sucker, Catostomus latipinnis, a fish endemic to the Colorado River basin in the western United States, appears to experience poor recruitment to adult size in the Colorado River, downstream of Glen Canyon Dam. Lack or impermanence of rearing areas for young-of-year (YOY) fish is hypothesized to be the problem. Knowing the importance of tributary mouths as rearing areas in other river systems, we studied use of the mouth of the Paria River, a tributary of the Colorado River, by YOY flannelmouth suckers, and the availability of rearing area in the mouth at different flow levels in the Colorado River in 1996 and 1997. We also examined the relationship between flash floods in the Paria River and catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) of YOY in the Paria River between 1991 and 1996. Maximum mean daily discharge in the Paria River was inversely correlated with CPUE of YOY flannelmouth suckers (Spearman Rho = -0.9856, p = 0.0003) during their critical rearing period (15 March-30 June). Thus, it appears that YOY flannelmouth suckers rear longer in the Paria River in years when flash flooding is minimal. Recruitment of YOY flannelmouth suckers at the Paria River may also be improved by enhancing pool formation during spring and summer rearing seasons. YOY flannelmouth sucker was captured in a pool created by high Colorado River flows (greater than or equal to 336m(3)/s) that inundated the mouth of the Paria River during spring and summer, 1996. In 1997, high flows (about 550-750 m(3)/s) in the Colorado River during winter and spring initially inundated the Paria River and formed a pool in the mouth. However, these high flows eventually caused 0.5-1.0 m of suspended sediment from the incoming Paria River to deposit in the mouth. Thus, despite higher flows than 1996, the slackwater area formed only occasionally in 1997. Differences in pool formation between 1996 and 1997 demonstrate that pool formation cannot be inferred solely from Colorado River flows. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC 20037 USA. Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Res Branch, Phoenix, AZ 85023 USA. Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Res Branch, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Eastern Oregon Univ, Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Thieme, ML (reprint author), World Wildlife Fund, 1250 24th St,NW, Washington, DC 20037 USA. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0886-9375 J9 REGUL RIVER JI Regul. Rivers-Res. Manage. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 17 IS 2 BP 145 EP 156 DI 10.1002/rrr.618 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 416FW UT WOS:000167770500004 ER PT J AU Nico, LG Martin, RT AF Nico, LG Martin, RT TI The South American suckermouth armored catfish, Pterygoplichthys anisitsi (Pisces : Loricariidae), in Texas, with comments on foreign fish introductions in the American southwest SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, Florida Caribbean Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Nico, LG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Caribbean Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. NR 19 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 46 IS 1 BP 98 EP 104 DI 10.2307/3672381 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 412CZ UT WOS:000167537600015 ER PT J AU Bonine, KE Dayton, GH Jung, RE AF Bonine, KE Dayton, GH Jung, RE TI Attempted predation of Couch's spadefoot (Scaphiopus couchii) juveniles by ants (Aphaenogaster cockerelli) SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Bonine, KE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 46 IS 1 BP 104 EP 106 DI 10.2307/3672382 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 412CZ UT WOS:000167537600016 ER PT J AU Muths, E Johnson, TL Corn, PS AF Muths, E Johnson, TL Corn, PS TI Experimental repatriation of boreal toad (Bufo boreas) eggs, metamorphs, and adults in Rocky Mountain National Park SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID TRANSLOCATION; AMPHIBIANS; CALAMITA; FROG C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Muths, E (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, 4512 McMurry Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 10 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 46 IS 1 BP 106 EP 113 DI 10.2307/3672383 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 412CZ UT WOS:000167537600017 ER PT J AU Gadomski, DM Barfoot, CA Bayer, JM Poe, TP AF Gadomski, DM Barfoot, CA Bayer, JM Poe, TP TI Early life history of the northern pikeminnow in the lower Columbia River basin SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SQUAWFISH PTYCHOCHEILUS-OREGONENSIS; JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; JOHN-DAY-RESERVOIR; COLORADO SQUAWFISH; LITTORAL-ZONE; HABITAT USE; SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION; SMALLMOUTH BASS; SNAKE RIVERS; GREEN RIVER AB The northern pikeminnow Ptychocheilus oregonensis is a large, native cyprinid in the Columbia River basin that has persisted in spite of substantial habitat alterations. During the months of June to September 1993-1996. we investigated the temporal and spatial patterns of northern pikeminnow spawning, along with describing larval drift and characterizing larval and early juvenile rearing habitats in the lower Columbia River (the John Day and Dalles reservoirs and the free-flowing section downstream of Bonneville Dam) as well as in the lower sections of two major tributaries (the John Day and Deschutes rivers). The density of newly emerged drifting larvae was higher in dam tailraces (a mean of 7.7 larvae/100 m(3) in surface tows) than in the lower reservoirs (0.3 larvae/100 m(3)), indicating that tailraces were areas of more intense spawning. Density was particularly high in the Bonneville Dam tailrace (15.1 larvae/100 m(3)), perhaps because adult northern pikeminnow are abundant below Bonneville Dam and this is the first tailrace and suitable main-stem spawning habitat encountered during upriver spawning migrations. Spawning also occurred in both of the tributaries sampled but not in a backwater. Spawning in the Columbia River primarily took place during the month of June in 1993 and 1994. when the water temperature rose from 14 degreesC to 18 degreesC, but occurred about 2 weeks later in 1995 and 1996, possibly because of cooler June water temperature (14-15 degreesC) in these years. The period of drift was brief (about 1-3 d), with larvae recruiting to shallow, low-velocity shorelines of main-channel and backwater areas to rear. Larvae reared in greatest densities at sites with fine sediment or sand substrates and moderate-to high-density vegetation (a mean density of 92.1 larvae/10 m(3)). he success of northern pikeminnow in the Columbia River basin may be partly attributable to their ability to locate adequate spawning and rearing conditions in a variety of main-stem and tributary locations. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Gadomski, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501A Cook-Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 130 IS 2 BP 250 EP 262 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(2001)130<0250:ELHOTN>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 437GW UT WOS:000168984800005 ER PT J AU Miller, LM Kallemeyn, L Senanan, W AF Miller, LM Kallemeyn, L Senanan, W TI Spawning-site and natal-site fidelity by northern pike in a large lake: Mark-recapture and genetic evidence SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; PERCH PERCA-FLAVESCENS; ESOX-LUCIUS; TROUT AB We supplemented physical-tagging data with genetic data to provide evidence for spawning-site and natal-site fidelity by two spawning populations of northern pike Esox lucius in Kabetogama Lake, Minnesota. A mark-recapture study supported previous reports that individual northern pike and other esocids tend to return to the spawning grounds that they used in previous years. Of 1,900 northern pike marked at two spawning sites in the first year of the study, 23% were recaptured on spawning grounds one to three times over the next 4 years. Of these recaptured fish, only 1.3% and 4.8%, respectively, of those marked at the two spawning sites were recaptured at the other site. Tag returns from anglers showed that the year-round ranges for fish from the two sites overlapped, so that lack of dispersal could not completely explain the high fidelity to spawning sites. Significant allele frequency differences at five microsatellite DNA loci between the 1983 (P = 0.03) and 1985 (P = 0.002) spawning populations indicated low levels of gene flow between the populations. This reproductive isolation would only be expected if most individuals first spawn at the site of their own birth and subsequently return to that site. We therefore conclude that northern pike in Kabetogama Lake exhibit both natal-site and spawning-site fidelity. Management on the basis of discrete spawning populations within lakes may thus be appropriate for a larger number of species and locations than commonly practiced. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Biol Resources, Int Falls Biol Stn, Int Falls, MN 56649 USA. RP Miller, LM (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 1980 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RI Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009; OI Miller, Loren/0000-0002-5482-2152 NR 30 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 130 IS 2 BP 307 EP 316 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(2001)130<0307:SSANSF>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 437GW UT WOS:000168984800009 ER PT J AU Bergstedt, RA Schneider, CP O'Gorman, R AF Bergstedt, RA Schneider, CP O'Gorman, R TI Lethality of sea lamprey attacks on lake trout in relation to location on the body surface SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PETROMYZON-MARINUS; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH AB We compared the locations of healed attack marks of the sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus on live lake trout Salvelinus namaycush with those of unhealed attack marks on dead lake trout to determine if the lethality of a sea lamprey attack was related to attack location, lake trout were collected from Lake Ontario, live fish with gill nets in September 1985 and dead fish with trawls in October 1983-1986. Attack location was characterized by the percent distances from snout to tail and from the ventral to the dorsal midline. Kolmogorov-Smirnov two-sample tests did not detect significant differences in the distribution of attack location along either the anteroposterior axis or the dorsoventral axis. When attack locations were grouped into six anatomical regions historically used to record sea lamprey attacks, dead fish did not exhibit a significantly higher proportion of attacks in the more anterior regions. Even if the differences in attack location on live and dead fish were significant, they were too small to imply substantial spatial differences in attack lethality that should be accounted for when modeling the effects of sea lampreys feeding on lake trout. We suggest that the tendency for sea lamprey attacks to occur on the anterior half of the fish is related to the lower amplitude of lateral body movement there during swimming and thus the lower likelihood of being dislodged. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Biol Resources, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. New York Dept Environm Conservat, Cape Vincent Fisheries Res Stn, Cape Vincent, NY 13618 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Biol Resources, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. RP Bergstedt, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Biol Resources, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 130 IS 2 BP 336 EP 340 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(2001)130<0336:LOSLAO>2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 437GW UT WOS:000168984800013 ER PT J AU Cole, MB Arnold, DE Watten, BJ AF Cole, MB Arnold, DE Watten, BJ TI Physiological and behavioral responses of stonefly nymphs to enhanced limestone treatment of acid mine drainage SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE pteronarcys proteus; acid mine drainage; limestone treatment; sodium regulation; behavioral responses ID LOW PH AB A new acid mine drainage (AMD) treatment system uses pulsed, fluidized beds of limestone, and carbon dioxide pretreatment of influent AMD to enhance limestone neutralization of AMD. We conducted laboratory studies to evaluate the behavior and physiology of larval stoneflies (Pteronarcys proteus, Plecoptera) exposed to effluents produced by the treatment system. Survival, sodium balance, drift, and feeding responses by P. proteus to treated and untreated AMD were examined. P. proteus nymphs exhibited significant losses of whole body sodium in exposures to untreated AMD. Nymphs exposed to treated effluents experienced no loss of whole-body sodium. Nymphs exposed to untreated AMD showed elevated drift rates and depressed feeding rates relative to those of nymphs exposed to treated AMD. and to AMD-free controls. No significant differences in feeding or drift behavior occurred between nymphs exposed to treated effluents and those exposed to AMD-free controls. The treatment system, with and without CO2 pretreatment, provided water that was not toxic to the test animals, and that allowed normal behavioral and physiological function. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resource Div, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Cole, MB (reprint author), ABR Inc, Environm Res & Serv, POB 249, Forest Grove, OR 97116 USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 35 IS 3 BP 625 EP 632 DI 10.1016/S0043-1354(00)00323-7 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 395VQ UT WOS:000166602300006 PM 11228958 ER PT J AU Milly, PCD AF Milly, PCD TI A minimalist probabilistic description of root zone soil water SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE; VEGETATION; BALANCE; DYNAMICS; STORAGE AB The probabilistic response of depth-integrated soil water to given climatic forcing can be described readily using an existing supply-demand-storage model. An apparently complex interaction of numerous soil, climate, and plant controls can be reduced to a relatively simple expression for the equilibrium probability density function of soil water as a function of only two dimensionless parameters. These are the index of dryness (ratio of mean potential evaporation to mean precipitation) and a dimensionless storage capacity (active root zone soil water capacity divided by mean storm depth). The first parameter is mainly controlled by climate, with surface albedo playing a subsidiary role in determining net radiation. The second is a composite of soil (through moisture retention characteristics), vegetation (through rooting characteristics), and climate (mean storm depth). This minimalist analysis captures many essential features of a more general probabilistic analysis, but with a considerable reduction in complexity and consequent elucidation of the critical controls on soil water variability. In particular, it is shown that (1) the dependence of mean soil water on the index of dryness approaches a step function in the limit of large soil water capacity; (2) soil water variance is usually maximized when the index of dryness equals 1, and the width of the peak varies inversely with dimensionless storage capacity; (3) soil water has a uniform probability density function when the index of dryness is 1 and the dimensionless storage capacity is large; and (4) the soil water probability density function is bimodal if and only if the index of dryness is <1, but this bimodality is pronounced only for artificially small values of the dimensionless storage capacity. C1 US Geol Survey, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Milly, PCD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. NR 10 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 37 IS 3 BP 457 EP 463 DI 10.1029/2000WR900337 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 408EE UT WOS:000167312900002 ER PT J AU Shapiro, AM AF Shapiro, AM TI Effective matrix diffusion in kilometer-scale transport in fractured crystalline rock SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FISSURED ROCKS; POROUS-MEDIA; CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS; GROUNDWATER; DISPERSION; AQUIFERS; CHALK; TESTS AB Concentrations of tritium (H-3) and dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12) in water samples taken from glacial drift and fractured crystalline rock over 4 km(2) in. central New Hampshire are interpreted to identify a conceptual model of matrix diffusion and the magnitude of the diffusion coefficient. Dispersion and mass transfer to and from fractures has affected the H-3 concentration to the extent that the peak H-3 concentration of the 1960s is no longer distinguishable. Because of heterogeneity in the bedrock the sparsely distributed chemical data do not warrant a three-dimensional transport model, instead, a one-dimensional model of CFC-12 and H-3 migration along flow lines in the glacial drift and bedrock is used to place bounds on the processes affecting kilometer-scale transport, and model parameters are varied to reproduce the measured relation between H-3 and CFC-12, rather than their spatial distributions. A model of mass exchange to and from fractures that is dependent on the time-varying concentration gradient at fracture surfaces qualitatively reproduces the measured relation between H-3 and CFC-12 with an upper bound for the fracture dispersivity approximately equal to 250 m and a lower bound for the effective matrix diffusion coefficient equal to 1 m(2) yr(-1). The diffusion coefficient at the kilometer scale is at least 3 orders of magnitude greater than laboratory estimates of diffusion in crystalline rock. The large diffusion coefficient indicates that diffusion inter an immobile fluid phase (rock matrix) is masked at the kilometer scale by advective mass exchange between fractures with large contrasts in transmissivity. The measured transmissivity of fractures in the study area varies over more than 6 orders of magnitude. Advective mass exchange from high-permeability fractures to low-permeability fractures results in short migration distances of a chemical constituent in low-permeability fractures over an extended period of time before reentering high-permeability fractures; viewed at the kilometer scale, this process is analogous to the chemical constituent diffusing into and out of an immobile fluid phase. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Shapiro, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,Mail Stop 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. OI Shapiro, Allen/0000-0002-6425-9607 NR 60 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 37 IS 3 BP 507 EP 522 DI 10.1029/2000WR900301 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 408EE UT WOS:000167312900007 ER PT J AU Clark, MP Serreze, MC McCabe, GJ AF Clark, MP Serreze, MC McCabe, GJ TI Historical effects of El Nino and La Nina events on the seasonal evolution of the montane snowpack in the Columbia and Colorado River Basins SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; CLIMATE; ENSO; TELECONNECTIONS; INITIALIZATION; TEMPERATURES; VARIABILITY; PREDICTION; EXTREMES AB Snow-water equivalent (SWE) data measured at several hundred montane sites in the western United States are used to examine the historic effects of El Nine and La Nina events on seasonal snowpack evolution in the major subbasins in the Columbia and Colorado River systems. Results are used to predict annual runoff. In the Columbia River Basin, there is a general tendency for decreased SWE during El Nino years and increased SWE in La Nina years. However, the SWE anomalies for El Nine years are much less pronounced. This occurs in part because midlatitude circulation anomalies in El Nine years are located 35 degrees east of those in La Nina years. This eastward shift is most evident in midwinter, at which time, SWE anomalies associated with El Nine are actually positive in coastal regions of the Columbia River Basin. In the Colorado River Basin, mean anomalies in SWE and annual runoff during El Nine years depict a transition between drier-than-average conditions in the north, and wetter-than-average conditions in the southwest. Associations during La Nina years are generally opposite those in El Nine years. SWE anomalies tend to be more pronounced in spring in the Lower Colorado River Basin. Our predictions of runoff reveal modest skill for scenarios using only historic El Nine and La Nina information. Predictions based on the water stored in the seasonal snowpack are, in almost all cases, much higher than those based on El Nine-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) information alone. However, combining observed midwinter snow conditions with information on seasonal snowpack evolution associated with ENSO improves predictions for basins in which ENSO signals exhibit strong seasonality. C1 Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Clark, MP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Clark, Martyn/A-5560-2015 OI Clark, Martyn/0000-0002-2186-2625 NR 29 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 37 IS 3 BP 741 EP 757 DI 10.1029/2000WR900305 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 408EE UT WOS:000167312900025 ER PT J AU Naugle, DE Johnson, RR Estey, ME Higgins, KF AF Naugle, DE Johnson, RR Estey, ME Higgins, KF TI A landscape approach to conserving wetland bird habitat in the prairie pothole region of eastern South Dakota SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE habitat fragmentation; landscapes; nongame; Prairie Pothole Region; small wetlands; South Dakota; waterfowl; wetland birds; wetland protection ID CALL-RESPONSE SURVEYS; NORTH-DAKOTA; SPRING MIGRATION; DABBLING DUCK; LEVEL FACTORS; ABUNDANCE; ECOLOGY; CONSERVATION; POPULATIONS; MOVEMENTS AB Resource managers confronted with preserving ecosystems for prairie wetland birds in fragmented landscapes require landscape studies that direct conservation efforts over broad geographic regions. We investigated the role of local and landscape factors affecting habitat suitability by integrating remotely sensed wetland and land-cover data with wetland bird habitat models. We linked habitat models with locations of easement and fee-title wetlands to evaluate spatial location and extent of protected, suitable habitat. We also simulated impacts of the loss of small wetlands on suitability of larger wetlands for mobile species that use multiple wetlands. Lastly, we evaluated the efficacy of waterfowl habitat programs in preserving suitable habitat for nongame wetland bird species to recommend strategies for maximizing regional landscape connectivity. Regional databases constructed for this study indicate that easement and fee-title tracts encompass 13.9% (1.2 million ha) of land area and protect 19.8% of the wetlands in eastern South Dakota, USA. Proportion of protected wetlands is highest for semi-permanent (32.3%), intermediate for seasonal (25.6%), and lowest for temporary wetlands (15.8%). A stratified, two-stage cluster sample was used to randomly select 834 semi-permanent and seasonal wetlands that were surveyed for birds in 1995 and 1996. Logistic analyses indicate that habitat suitability for some species (e.g., Virginia rail, pied-billed grebe) is related to local vegetation conditions within wetlands, while suitability for others (e.g., northern pintail, black tern) is related to landscape structure at larger scales. As a result, unfragmented prairie wetland landscapes (i.e., areas with wetland complexes embedded within upland grasslands) provide habitat for more species than isolated wetlands in tillage fields. Models developed from survey wetlands were used to classify habitat suitability for all semi-permanent and seasonal wetlands in eastern South Dakota. Small wetlands are critical components of the surrounding landscape that influence habitat suitability of larger wetlands. Models used to reclassify suitability of larger remaining wetlands after small wetlands (<0.5 ha) were removed indicate that species most vulnerable to loss of small wetlands are vagile species that exploit resources over broad spatial scales. Number of wetlands suitable for northern pintails, a mobile species that uses multiple wetlands within a season, decreased 20.7% when wetlands <0.5 ha were removed. Historic paradigms dictating waterfowl habitat protection efforts also have conserved habitat for nongame bird species. Modern paradigms that acknowledge the importance of small shallow wetlands to breeding waterfowl have shifted the focus of protection towards preserving habitat for species that occupy more abundant seasonal wetlands. Cessation of protection efforts would result in further fragmentation of regional wetland landscapes. We recommend that wetlands be acquired not only to consolidate suitable habitat within protected core areas but also to ensure that core areas coalesce to preserve connectivity among regional wetland landscapes. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, N Amer Waterfowl & Wetlands Off, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Habitat & Populat Evaluat Team, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Naugle, DE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. NR 65 TC 70 Z9 77 U1 6 U2 57 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD MAR PY 2001 VL 21 IS 1 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2001)021[0001:ALATCW]2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 417NB UT WOS:000167840100001 ER PT J AU Fairbairn, SE Dinsmore, JJ AF Fairbairn, SE Dinsmore, JJ TI Local and landscape-level influences on wetland bird communities of the prairie pothole region of Iowa, USA SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE wetlands; wetland birds; wetland restoration; wetland ecology; restoration ecology; wetland management; wetland bird community; Iowa ID RESTORED WETLANDS AB Bird species richness and individual species densities were measured in wetland complexes in 1998. These values were then related to habitat variables within the complexes and to area of wetland habitat in the surrounding landscape. The percentage of wetland area within a complex that was covered with emergent vegetation and the total area of wetland habitat in the 3 km surrounding each complex were significant predictors of species richness. A perimeter-to-area ratio was the most frequently selected variable for inclusion in species-density models, being selected for 8 of 15 models. Five species' densities were related to the percentage of the wetland area that was covered by emergent vegetation, and 4 densities were related to the area covered by weak-stemmed wet-meadow vegetation. Densities of 5 species, as well as the overall species richness, were associated with a measure of the amount of wetland habitat within a 3-km buffer surrounding the wetland complexes. This indicates that the presence and abundance of some wetland bird species may be influenced by the amount of wetland habitat nearby. Thus, programs that encourage restoration of tracts of land that contain multiple wetland basins should be emphasized to maximize benefits to the wetland bird community. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Ecol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Fairbairn, SE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Waubay Natl Wildlife Refuge, RR 1,Box 39, Waubay, SD 57273 USA. NR 25 TC 83 Z9 93 U1 6 U2 35 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD MAR PY 2001 VL 21 IS 1 BP 41 EP 47 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2001)021[0041:LALLIO]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 417NB UT WOS:000167840100004 ER PT J AU Sovada, MA Anthony, RM Batt, BDJ AF Sovada, MA Anthony, RM Batt, BDJ TI Predation on waterfowl in arctic tundra and prairie breeding areas: a review SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE arctic; breeding waterfowl; prairie region; predation ID DUCK NEST SUCCESS; BRANT BRANTA-BERNICLA; FOXES ALOPEX-LAGOPUS; DUSKY CANADA GEESE; WESTERN ALASKA; EMPEROR GEESE; SPECTACLED EIDERS; POTHOLE REGION; SITE SELECTION; BLACK BRANT AB Predation is a natural component of waterfowl population biology but environmental alterations have changed the magnitude and importance of predation on waterfowl breeding areas. We reviewed the status of waterfowl populations, adaptations of waterfowl that minimize impacts of predation, and the impacts of predation on waterfowl populations in 2 major North American breeding areas, the Arctic and Prairie Regions. We identified the underlying factors contributing to most waterfowl predation problems to be changes in essential breeding habitats and changes in predator community composition and abundance. In the Arctic, high predation rates on waterfowl eggs and young are usually associated with predators gaining access to populations that were previously isolated. In the prairie, predation problems are often related to large-scale habitat degradation coupled with changes in predator communities. Predation problems are often symptomatic of inadequate habitat management, but we recognize that habitat management alone is not always sufficient to effectively manage predation problems. Predation management efforts should be integrated with strategies of long-term management of habitats critical to breeding waterfowl, strategies embraced by the North American Waterfowl Management Plan, Predation management must be tailored to different situations and include an element of flexibility that allows appropriate response to the dynamic nature of factors influencing survival and recruitment. C1 US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Ducks Unltd Inc, Memphis, TN 38133 USA. RP Sovada, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM Marsha_Sovada@usgs.gov NR 85 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 2001 VL 29 IS 1 BP 6 EP 15 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 423MK UT WOS:000168179900003 ER PT J AU Mech, LD AF Mech, LD TI Managing Minnesota's recovered wolves SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Canis lupus; control; endangered species; management; population; recovery; wolf ID WOLF CANIS-LUPUS; NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA; GRAY WOLVES; DISPERSAL; POPULATION; REGIONS; QUEBEC AB The Minnesota wolf (Canis lupus) population was estimated by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources at 2,450 during winter 1997-1998 and had increased at an average annual rate of 4.5% since winter 1988-1989. The population may be removed from the federal endangered species list by 2002, and management would then return to the state. A federal recovery team recommended a population goal of 1,250-7,400 wolves for Minnesota, with none in the agricultural region. A plan approved by the Minnesota legislature, however, continues the protection of wolves, except for pet and livestock depredation control, for at least 5 years after delisting. I compare number of wolves of the 1997-1998 population that would have to be killed each year by humans for various types of control Versus numbers if the population continued to expand. For the 1997-1998 population, those numbers are-in addition to natural mortality depredation control, and illegal and incidental take-at least 110 wolves and probably many more to limit wolf range, 685-1,149 wolves for sustained yield, and 929-1,956 to reduce the population. Given conservative assumptions, continued livestock depredation control, and a 4.5% rate of population and range increase as occurred during the past decade, comparable figures for 2007 are at least 171 wolves to limit range expansion, 1,064-1,786 for sustained yield, and 1,444-3,042 to reduce the population. The trend in the population since 1997-1998 is unknown, but these numbers illustrate the magnitude of the potential problems that could arise in managing Minnesota's wolves under various scenarios. C1 US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Mech, LD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. NR 57 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 6 U2 23 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 2001 VL 29 IS 1 BP 70 EP 77 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 423MK UT WOS:000168179900010 ER PT J AU Coluccy, JM Drobney, RD Graber, DA Sheriff, SL Witter, DJ AF Coluccy, JM Drobney, RD Graber, DA Sheriff, SL Witter, DJ TI Attitudes of central Missouri residents toward local giant Canada geese and management alternatives SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE attitudes; Branta canadensis; giant Canada geese; management alternatives; Missouri; survey ID WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT; UNITED-STATES AB Increasing numbers of Canada geese (Branta canadensis) in urban and suburban settings have become problematic. An understanding of public attitudes regarding geese and potential management alternatives is necessary before wildlife agencies can enact socially acceptable measures to control these populations. We used a random telephone survey of 800 central Missouri residents to assess public awareness of a local population of giant Canada geese (B.c. maxima), overall attitudes regarding the flock, preferences for goose management alternatives, and public perception of management responsibilities. Most respondents (74%) were cognizant of the local population of giant Canada geese. Most (68%) indicated that they enjoy Canada geese, and 42% were satisfied with the current population level in the area. However, landowners and respondents reporting property damage indicated they would like to see fewer geese in the future and were more likely to describe geese as a nuisance. Except for traditional firearms hunting and antifeeding ordinances, lethal and nonlethal management alternatives generally were viewed negatively. However, support for lethal alternatives increased when it could be demonstrated that geese were causing serious damage, lethal methods were the only viable means of control, and geese were killed humanely and processed for human consumption through local food pantries or homeless shelters. Respondents reporting property damage also were more likely to support lethal alternatives. The plurality of respondents (48%) indicated that landowners should not expect compensation For damage to their property caused by geese. However, hunters and respondents who reported property use by geese viewed government agencies as financially accountable for damage. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Missouri Dept Conservat, Jefferson City, MO 65102 USA. Missouri Dept Conservat, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Univ Missouri, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Coluccy, JM (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 302 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 18 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 19 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 2001 VL 29 IS 1 BP 116 EP 123 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 423MK UT WOS:000168179900015 ER PT J AU Miller, SG Knight, RL Miller, CK AF Miller, SG Knight, RL Miller, CK TI Wildlife responses to pedestrians and dogs SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE American robin; disturbance; dog; mule deer; outdoor recreation; pedestrian; trail; vesper sparrow; western meadowlark ID HUMAN INTRUSION; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; MOUNTAIN SHEEP; DISTURBANCE; DISTANCES; BIRDS; SONG AB As participation in outdoor recreational activities escalates, land managers struggle to develop management policies that ensure coexistence of wildlife and recreation. However, this requires an understanding of how wildlife responds to various forms of recreational activities and the spatial context in which the activities occur. Therefore, we measured responses of 2 species of grassland songbirds, one species of forest songbird, and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) exposed to a pedestrian, a pedestrian accompanied by a dog on leash, and a dog alone (only for grassland birds, on and away from recreational trails. We assessed the "area of influence" for each treatment by determining the probability that an animal would flush or become alert (for mule deer only) given its perpendicular distance to a trait or a line of movement in areas without trails. When animals were disturbed, we measured flush distance (the distance between the disturbance and the animal when flushed), distance moved, and, for mule deer, alert distance the distance between the disturbance and the deer when it became alert). For all species, area of influence, flush distance, distance moved, and alert distance (for mule deer) was greater when activities occurred off-trail versus on-trail. Generally, among on-trail and off-trail treatments in grasslands for vesper sparrows (Pooecetes gramineus) and western meadowlarks (Sturnella neglecta), the smallest area of influence and shortest flush distance and distance moved resulted from the dog-alone treatment, and these responses were greater for the pedestrian-alone and dog-on-leash treatments. In forests, for American robins (Turdus migratorius), the area of influence, flush distance, and distance moved did not generally differ between the pedestrian-alone and dog-on-leash treatments. For mule deer, presence of a dog resulted in a greater area of influence, alert and flush distance, and distance moved than when a pedestrian was alone. Natural lands managers can implement spatial and behavioral restrictions in visitor management to reduce disturbance by recreational activities on wildlife. Restrictions on types of activities allowed in some areas such as prohibiting dogs or restricting use to trails will aid in minimizing disturbance. Additionally, managers can restrict the number and spatial arrangement of trails so that sensitive areas or habitats are avoided. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Dept Open Space, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Monte Vista Natl Wildlife Refuge, Alamosa, CO 81101 USA. RP Miller, SG (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 32 TC 82 Z9 86 U1 13 U2 51 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 2001 VL 29 IS 1 BP 124 EP 132 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 423MK UT WOS:000168179900016 ER PT J AU Czech, B Devers, PK Krausman, PR AF Czech, B Devers, PK Krausman, PR TI The relationship of gender to species conservation attitudes SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE economic growth; Endangered Species Act; gender; property rights; public opinion; species conservation; species prioritization factors; species value ID UNITED-STATES; WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT; POLICY; ENDANGERMENT AB It has been over 10 years since Kellert and Berry's (1987) pioneering study on the influence of gender on attitudes toward wildlife. Since data were gathered for that study, several sociopolitical movements have entered the American ecopolitical scene, including the Sagebrush Rebellion and the Wise Use Movement, providing impetus for a current assessment of attitudes toward wildlife. Consequently, we conducted a nationwide mail survey to assess gender influences on attitudes toward wildlife conservation issues. In our study, women ascribed greater preservation value to nonhuman species than men, selected ecological importance as the most important factor in prioritizing species for conservation (as did men), exhibited a greater concern for species conservation relative to property rights than men, and expressed stronger support for the Endangered Species Act (ESA) than men. The importance men and women placed on the ecological value of species conservation suggested that the American public supports continuing efforts to protect and conserve endangered species. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Refuge Syst, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Czech, B (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Refuge Syst, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. NR 39 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 2001 VL 29 IS 1 BP 187 EP 194 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 423MK UT WOS:000168179900025 ER PT J AU Gabrey, SW Afton, AD Wilson, BC AF Gabrey, SW Afton, AD Wilson, BC TI Effects of structural marsh management and winter burning on plant and bird communities during summer in the Gulf Coast Chenier Plain SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE bird community; burning; coastal marshes; Gulf Coast Chenier Plain; habitat; impoundment; Louisiana; passerines; plant community; structural marsh management ID SOUTH-CAROLINA; VEGETATION; POPULATIONS; SUCCESSION; WETLANDS; PRAIRIE; FIRE; USA AB Coastal wetlands in the Gulf Coast Chenier Plain commonly are managed intensively by fall or winter burning and constructing impoundments to improve habitat for wintering waterfowl, reduce wetland loss, and create emergent wetlands. However, little information is available on effects of these management practices on plant or bird communities during summer. We conducted experimental burns in 4 types of impounded and unimpounded marshes on Rockefeller State Wildlife Refuge in southwestern Louisiana. We recorded vegetation characteristics and species composition and relative abundance of plants and birds during April-lune 1996-1998. We found that vegetation characteristics in burned marshes did not differ from those of unburned marshes by the first summer post-burn and that winter burning did not affect bird species richness or species composition. Birds/survey for all species combined and for sparrows (primarily seaside sparrows [Ammodramus maritimus]) did not differ between burned and unburned marshes during the first or third summers post-burn, but were 2 times greater in burned than in unburned marshes during the second summer post-burn. Our results indicate that winter burning for waterfowl is compatible with management for other marsh birds, provided that measures ensuring sufficient winter cover for passerines are included in management plans. Number of icterids/survey was greatest and sparrows/survey was least in intermediate impounded marshes compared to other marsh-management types. Sparrows generally were most abundant in brackish and saline unimpounded marshes, indicating that continued loss of unimpounded marsh habitat could impact coastal sparrow populations. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Sch Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Grand Chenier, LA 70643 USA. RP Gabrey, SW (reprint author), Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Gulf Coast Joint Venture, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM swgabrey@hotmail.com NR 51 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 2001 VL 29 IS 1 BP 218 EP 231 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 423MK UT WOS:000168179900029 ER PT J AU Artmann, MJ Ball, IJ Arnold, TW AF Artmann, MJ Ball, IJ Arnold, TW TI Influence of perennial upland cover on occupancy of nesting structures by mallards in northeastern North Dakota SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Anas platyrhynchos; mallards; nesting structure; North Dakota; occupancy rates; perennial cover ID SUCCESS; BASKETS AB Artificial nesting structures are considered to be most attractive to nesting female mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) in areas where natural nesting cover is scarce, leading to the management recommendation to place structures in agricultural landscapes with little perennial upland cover. In 1997-1998, we compared occupancy rates of 260 nesting structures installed on 13 10.4-km(2) sites in northeastern North Dakota where amount of wetland habitat was comparable but amount of perennial upland cover was either high ((x) over bar =44.8%, grassland sites) or low ((x) over bar =8.0%, cropland sites). Contrary to expectation, occupancy rates were >4 times greater on grassland sites than on cropland sites (17.8 vs. 3.9%, P=0.003). The difference was largely a function of greater average mallard densities on grassland versus cropland sites (15.2 vs. 9.2 pairs/km(2), P less than or equal to0.002). When pair density was controlled for statistically, occupancy rates of structures did not differ between grassland and cropland sites (14.5 vs. 7.9%, P=0.22). We conclude that placing structures in areas with high mallard density is the most effective way to maximize initial occupancy and that proportion of existing perennial upland cover in a landscape has little direct effect on structure occupancy. C1 Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Delta Waterfowl Fdn, Portage Prairie, MB R1N 3A1, Canada. RP Artmann, MJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lacreek Natl Wildllife Refuge, HC 5,Box 114, Martin, SD 57551 USA. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 2001 VL 29 IS 1 BP 232 EP 238 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 423MK UT WOS:000168179900030 ER PT J AU Nelson, ME AF Nelson, ME TI Tooth extractions from live-captured white-tailed deer SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE aging; Odocoileus virginianus; tooth extraction; white-tailed deer AB Most researchers of odocoilene deer do not extract teeth from live-captured deer for aging. I describe how to extract incisorform teeth from white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), a simple procedure requiring <5 minutes. After removing canines from 343 live-captured deer, of which 26 were recaptured in the same winter and 29 others a mean of 3 years later, 1 observed no resulting complication. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Nelson, ME (reprint author), N Cent Res Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 9 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 2001 VL 29 IS 1 BP 245 EP 247 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 423MK UT WOS:000168179900032 ER PT J AU Douglas, CL AF Douglas, CL TI Weather, disease, and bighorn lamb survival during 23 years in Canyonlands National Park SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE bighorn sheep; management model; weather relationships ID MOUNTAIN SHEEP; CALIFORNIA; CLIMATE AB The Island-in-The-Sky desert bighorn herd (Ovis canadensis nelsoni), the largest in Canyonlands National Park, Utah, is used extensively by Utah Division of Wildlife Resources to re-establish herds in former habitat throughout the state. This study was undertaken because park managers became concerned about delayed herd recovery following 4 years of transplant removals and suspended trapping operations. This concern led to my study of effects of weather on yearly lamb:ewe ratios for the park's 23-year database. I used weather variables regulating the annual growing season, soil-moisture regime, and body condition of ewes to develop multiple-regression models. Regression models, developed from 10 and 16 years of data, explained 91% and 61% of the variation in lamb:ewe ratios, respectively; I estimated lamb:ewe ratios for remaining years of data and compared them with observed values. Maximum ambient temperatures in May of the same year lambs were born and precipitation from January through March 2 years before lambs were born (thought to relate to body condition of ewes) were variables correlated most strongly with lamb:ewe ratios. Peak of lambing occurs in April and May. May is the pivotal month, which, on average, has maximum temperatures that promote negative soil-moisture storage and a decrease in forage nutrients. Disease (contagious ecthyma) was first noticed in 1986 and apparently reduced lamb survival through 1992. I used data from disease years to estimate lamb survival, but not for model development. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Biol Sci, US Geol Survey, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Douglas, CL (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Biol Sci, US Geol Survey, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 2001 VL 29 IS 1 BP 297 EP 305 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 423MK UT WOS:000168179900040 ER PT J AU Anderson, DR Burnham, KP Gould, WR Cherry, S AF Anderson, DR Burnham, KP Gould, WR Cherry, S TI Concerns about finding effects that are actually spurious SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE confirmatory; data dredging; exploratory; inference; multivariate methods; P-values; regression models; significant effects; spurious results; theory ID STATISTICAL-INFERENCE; SUBSET REGRESSION; METAANALYSIS; TESTS AB During the course of data analysis one must be concerned about 1) failing to detect real effects that are present in the data and 2) finding effects that seem supported by the data but are actually spurious. Our paper deals with the latter issue and outlines 5 scenarios in which the probability of finding spurious effects is high. We provide some guidelines to avoid finding and reporting effects that are spurious. It is unfortunate that there seem to be rewards but no penalties for finding and reporting on results that have a high probability of being spurious. We conclude that there is a need for more theory to guide empirical studies and warn against analysis strategies that are especially prone to elicit spurious results. C1 Colorado State Univ, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Resources Div, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Econ, Ctr Stat, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Anderson, DR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Resources Div, US Geol Survey, Room 201 Wagar Bldg, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 34 TC 118 Z9 119 U1 2 U2 33 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 2001 VL 29 IS 1 BP 311 EP 316 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 423MK UT WOS:000168179900042 ER PT J AU Hess, CA Kelly, PP Costa, R Carter, JH AF Hess, CA Kelly, PP Costa, R Carter, JH TI Reconsideration of Richardson et al.'s red-cockaded woodpecker nestling removal technique SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE banding; capture techniques; injury; nestling removal; red-cockaded woodpecker C1 US Forest Serv, Apalachicola Natl Forest, Bristol, FL 32321 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Panama City, FL 32404 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dept Forest & Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Sandhills Ecol Inst, So Pines, NC 28388 USA. RP Hess, CA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Apalachicola Natl Forest, POB 579, Bristol, FL 32321 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 2001 VL 29 IS 1 BP 372 EP 374 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 423MK UT WOS:000168179900050 ER PT J AU Murphy, B White, J AF Murphy, B White, J TI Exuberant scientist - Michael W. Gratson - 1952-2000 SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kenmare, ND 58746 USA. Idaho Fish & Game Dept, Lewiston, ID 83501 USA. RP Murphy, B (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 8315 Hwy 8, Kenmare, ND 58746 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 2001 VL 29 IS 1 BP 393 EP 394 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 423MK UT WOS:000168179900057 ER PT J AU Vanderwerf, EA Rohrer, JL Smith, DG Burt, MD AF Vanderwerf, EA Rohrer, JL Smith, DG Burt, MD TI Current distribution and abundance of the O'ahu 'Elepaio SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID BREEDING BIOLOGY; HAWAII; MALARIA; FORESTS AB The O'ahu 'Elepaio (Chasiempis sandwichensis ibidis) is a monarch flycatcher endemic to the Hawaiian island of O'ahu. This forest bird has declined seriously in the last few decades and was Listed as endangered under the federal Endangered Species Act in April 2000. The current distribution and population size of the O'ahu 'Elepaio are poorly known, and this information is vital to designing a recovery plan and implementing recovery actions. We surveyed most of O'ahu for 'Elepaio from 1992-2000 and compiled published and unpublished observations to estimate the current population size and construct current, recent historical, and prehistoric distribution maps. Based on 411 observations since 1991, we estimate the current population to be 1974 birds in six large subpopulations and several smaller ones. The breeding population consists of about 1768 birds due to a male-biased sex ratio, and the genetically effective population size is even lower because of the fragmented distribution. Total area of the current range is approximately 5486 ha, only 4% of the prehistoric range, and 25% of the range in 1975. Habitat loss to urbanization and agriculture caused large range reductions in the past, but cannot explain more recent declines. 'Elepaio disappeared first from areas of higher rainfall, possibly because epizootics of introduced mosquito-borne diseases are more frequent where wetter conditions provide more mosquito breeding habitat. Management is urgently needed to prevent further declines and extirpation of smaller subpopulations. C1 Univ Hawaii, Dept Zool, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. US Army Garrison, Environm Div, Directorate Publ Works, Schofield Barracks, HI 96857 USA. Dept Land & Nat Resources, Div Forestry & Wildlife, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Vanderwerf, EA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 300 Ala Moana Blvd,Room 3-122,Box 50088, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 113 IS 1 BP 10 EP 16 DI 10.1676/0043-5643(2001)113[0010:CDAAOT]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 455NC UT WOS:000170032100002 ER PT J AU Checkett, JM Coluccy, JM Drobney, RD AF Checkett, JM Coluccy, JM Drobney, RD TI Polygyny in Canada Geese: An unusual example of nest sharing SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article AB We observed an apparent incident of polygynous behavior in Giant Canada Geese (Branta canadensis maxima). Two females were paired with the same male and concurrently incubated side by side within the same nest tub. Reciprocal changes in the number of eggs within each bowl during incubation indicated that eggs were shifted between nest bowls in both years. This behavior was observed at the same location in two successive years. Goslings hatched from both nests each year. Polygynous behavior in typically monogamous Canada Geese has rarely been observed, and nest sharing has not been previously documented. C1 Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Arkansas Game & Fish Commiss, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Univ Missouri, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Checkett, JM (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, 302 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 113 IS 1 BP 109 EP 110 DI 10.1676/0043-5643(2001)113[0109:PICGAU]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 455NC UT WOS:000170032100016 ER PT J AU Lovvorn, MB Frison, GC Tieszen, LL AF Lovvorn, MB Frison, GC Tieszen, LL TI Paleoclimate and Amerindians: Evidence from stable isotopes and atmospheric circulation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SAN-JUAN MOUNTAINS; QUATERNARY VEGETATIONAL HISTORY; GREAT-PLAINS; C4 GRASSES; HOLOCENE; CLIMATE; COLORADO; PATTERNS; CARBON; BISON AB Two Amerindian demographic shifts are attributed to climate change in the northwest plains of North America: at approximate to 11,000 calendar years before present (yr BP), Amerindian culture apparently split into foothills-mountains vs. plains biomes; and from 8,000-5,000 yr BP, scarce archaeological sites on the open plains suggest emigration during xeric "Altithermal" conditions. We reconstructed paleoclimates from stable isotopes in prehistoric bison bone and relations between weather and fractions of C-4 plants in forage. Further, we developed a climate-change model that synthesized stable isotope, existing qualitative evidence (e.g., palynological, erosional), and global climate mechanisms affecting this midlatitude region. Our isotope data indicate significant warming from approximate to 12,400 to 11,900 yr BP, supporting climate-driven cultural separation. However, isotope evidence of apparently wet, warm conditions at 7,300 yr BP refutes emigration to avoid xeric conditions. Scarcity of archaeological sites is best explained by rapid climate fluctuations after catastrophic draining of the Laurentide Lakes, which disrupted North Atlantic Deep Water production and subsequently altered monsoonal inputs to the open plains. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Anthropol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Lovvorn, MB (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RI Brooks, Marjorie/M-5692-2014 NR 54 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 27 PY 2001 VL 98 IS 5 BP 2485 EP 2490 DI 10.1073/pnas.041616098 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 407EH UT WOS:000167258900069 PM 11226265 ER PT J AU Verma, MK Ulmishek, GF Gilbershtein, AP AF Verma, MK Ulmishek, GF Gilbershtein, AP TI Slower reserve growth rates observed in volga-ural Province, Russia SO OIL & GAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GAS-FIELD GROWTH; OIL C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Glav NIVC, Moscow, Russia. RP Verma, MK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO ENERGY GROUP PI TULSA PA 1421 S SHERIDAN RD PO BOX 1260, TULSA, OK 74101 USA SN 0030-1388 J9 OIL GAS J JI Oil Gas J. PD FEB 26 PY 2001 VL 99 IS 9 BP 34 EP + PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 406RM UT WOS:000167229000008 ER PT J AU Stern, LA Kirby, SH Durham, WB AF Stern, LA Kirby, SH Durham, WB TI Comment to the Moudrakovski et al. letter, "Hydrate layers on ice particles and superheated ice: A H-1 NMR microimaging study" SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Stern, LA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS-977, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD FEB 22 PY 2001 VL 105 IS 7 BP 1223 EP 1224 DI 10.1021/jp994130+ PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 404YN UT WOS:000167130400019 ER PT J AU Bridges, CM Semlitsch, RD AF Bridges, CM Semlitsch, RD TI Genetic variation in insecticide tolerance in a population of southern leopard frogs (Rana sphenocephala): Implications for amphibian conservation SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID CONNECTICUT WOOD FROGS; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; ALLOZYME GENOTYPES; FATHEAD MINNOWS; ACID TOLERANCE; DECLINES; CALIFORNIA; SURVIVAL; PERSISTENCE; ENVIRONMENT AB Currently, conservation efforts are devoted to determining the extent and the causes of the decline of many amphibian species worldwide. Human impacts frequently degrade amphibian habitat and have been implicated in many declines. Because genetic variance is critical in determining the persistence of a species in a changing environment, we examined the amount of genetic variability present in a single population for tolerance to an environmental stressor. We examined the amount of genetic variability among full- and half-sib families in a single population of southern leopard frogs (Rana sphenocephala) with respect to their tolerance to lethal concentrations of the agricultural chemical, carbaryl. Analysis of time-to-death data indicated significant differences among full-sib families and suggests a large amount of variability present in the responses to this environmental stressor. Significant differences in responses among half-sib families indicated that there is additive genetic variance. These data suggest that this population may have the ability to adapt to environmental stressors. It is possible that declines of amphibian populations in the western United States may be attributed to low genetic variability resulting from limited migration among populations and small population sizes. C1 Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Bridges, CM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 420 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. OI Semlitsch, Raymond/0000-0002-7999-5762 NR 39 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS PI CHARLESTON PA UNIV CHARLESTON, GRICE MARINE LABORATORY, 205 FORT JOHNSON RD, CHARLESTON, SC 29412 USA SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD FEB 16 PY 2001 IS 1 BP 7 EP 13 DI 10.1643/0045-8511(2001)001[0007:GVIITI]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 405DP UT WOS:000167142800002 ER PT J AU Capel, PD Larson, SJ AF Capel, PD Larson, SJ TI Effect of scale on the behavior of atrazine in surface waters SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN; GREAT-LAKES; PESTICIDE USE; HERBICIDES; TRANSPORT; TILLAGE; RUNOFF; TRIBUTARIES; LOSSES; CORN AB Field runoff is an important transport mechanism by which agricultural pesticides, including atrazine, move into the hydrologic environment. Atrazine is chosen because it is widely used, is transported in runoff relatively easily, is widely observed in surface waters, and has relatively little loss in the stream network. Data on runoff of atrazine from experimental plot and field studies is combined with annual estimates of load in numerous streams and rivers, resulting in a data set with 408 observations that span 14 orders of magnitude in area. The toad as a percent of use (LAPU) on an annual basis is the parameter that is compared among the studies. There is no difference in the mean or range of LAPU values for areas from the size of experimental field plots (greater than or equal to0.000023 ha) and small watersheds (<100 000 ha). The relatively invariant LAPU value observed across a large range of watershed areas implies that the characteristics of atrazine itself (application method and chemical properties) are important in determining the extent of runoff. The variable influences on the extent of runoff from individual watershed characteristics and weather events are superimposed on the relatively invariant LAPU value observed across the range of watershed areas. The results from this study establish the direct relevance for agricultural field plot studies to watershed studies across the full range of scale. C1 Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Capel, PD (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 44 TC 49 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 15 PY 2001 VL 35 IS 4 BP 648 EP 657 DI 10.1021/es001220f PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 402MB UT WOS:000166990800002 PM 11349273 ER PT J AU Bradley, PM Landmeyer, JE Chapelle, FH AF Bradley, PM Landmeyer, JE Chapelle, FH TI Widespread potential for microbial MTBE degradation in surface-water sediments SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; TERT-BUTYL ETHER; ANAEROBIC BIODEGRADATION; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; GASOLINE OXYGENATE; UNITED-STATES; ATMOSPHERE AB Microorganisms indigenous to stream and lake bed sediments, collected from 11 sites throughout the United States, demonstrated significant mineralization of the fuel oxygenate, methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE). Mineralization of [U-C-14]MTBE to (CO2)-C-14 ranged from 15 to 66% over 50 days and did not differ significantly between sediments collected from MTBE contaminated sites and from sites with no history of MTBE exposure. This result suggests that even the microbial communities indigenous to newly contaminated surface water systems will exhibit some innate ability to attenuate MTBE under aerobic conditions. The magnitude of MTBE mineralization was related to the sediment grain size distribution. A pronounced, inverse correlation (p < 0.001; r(2) = 0.73) was observed between the final recovery of (CO2)-C-14 and the percentage content of silt and clay sized grains (grain diameter < 0.125 mm). The results of this study indicate that the microorganisms that inhabit the bed sediments of streams and lakes can degrade MTBE efficiently and that this capability is widespread in the environment. Thus aerobic bed sediment microbial processes may provide a significant environmental sink for MTBE in surface water systems throughout the United States and may contribute to the reported transience of MTBE in some surface waters. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. RP Bradley, PM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 720 Gracern Rd,Suite 129, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. NR 25 TC 60 Z9 75 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 15 PY 2001 VL 35 IS 4 BP 658 EP 662 DI 10.1021/es0015489 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 402MB UT WOS:000166990800003 PM 11349274 ER PT J AU Beeler, NM Hickman, SH AF Beeler, NM Hickman, SH TI A note on contact stress and closure in models of rock joints and faults SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INITIAL FRICTION; SURFACES; MICROMECHANICS; ROUGHNESS; MECHANICS; LOADS; SLIP AB We have re-examined asperity deformation predicted by joint closure models based on Greenwood and Williamson [1966] which use a statistical representation of loaded, rough surfaces. Although such models assume small elastic strains within contacting asperities (Hertzian contact) and well predict the observed dependence of closure on normal stress, large elastic normal strains measured in experiments violate the model assumptions. This inconsistency between observations and models can be resolved. The model dependence of closure on macroscopic normal stress results primarily from the statistics of the surface topography, and the functional dependence of closure on normal stress can be independent of assumed contact-scale elastic interactions. Thus, a joint model of the Greenwood and Williamson kind, modified to allow a portion of the elastic deformation to occur outside of the asperity contact region, predicts macroscopic behavior consistent with Hertzian models. Contact stresses derived from previously published models of this kind may be in error. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Beeler, NM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS-977, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 4 BP 607 EP 610 DI 10.1029/2000GL011458 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 401MX UT WOS:000166916500013 ER PT J AU van Dam, T Wahr, J Milly, PCD Shmakin, AB Blewitt, G Lavallee, D Larson, KM AF van Dam, T Wahr, J Milly, PCD Shmakin, AB Blewitt, G Lavallee, D Larson, KM TI Crustal displacements due to continental water loading SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The effects of long-wavelength (> 100 km), seasonal variability in continental water storage on vertical crustal motions are assessed. The modeled vertical displacements (Deltar(M)) have root-mean-square (RMS) values for 1994-1998 as large as 8 mm, with ranges up to 30 mm, and are predominantly annual in character. Regional strains are on the order of 20 nanostrain for tilt and 5 nanostrain for horizontal deformation. We compare Deltar(M) with observed Global Positioning System (GPS) heights (aro) (which include adjustments to remove estimated effects of atmospheric pressure and annual tidal and non-tidal ocean loading) for 147 globally distributed sites. When the aro time series are adjusted by Deltar(M), their variances are reduced, on average, by an amount equal to the variance of the Deltar(M). Of the aro time series exhibiting a strong annual signal, more than half are found to have an annual harmonic that is in phase and of comparable amplitude with the annual harmonic in the Deltar(M). The Deltar(M) time series exhibit long-period variations that could be mistaken for secular tectonic trends or postglacial rebound when observed over a time span of a few years. C1 Luxembourg Natl Museum Nat Hist, L-7256 Walferdange, Luxembourg. European Ctr Geodynam & Seismol, L-7256 Walferdange, Luxembourg. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Princeton, NJ USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Nevada, Seismol Lab, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Dept Geomat, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP van Dam, T (reprint author), Luxembourg Natl Museum Nat Hist, 19 Rue Josy Welter, L-7256 Walferdange, Luxembourg. NR 10 TC 156 Z9 157 U1 6 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 4 BP 651 EP 654 DI 10.1029/2000GL012120 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 401MX UT WOS:000166916500024 ER PT J AU Lenhart, JJ Bargar, JR Davis, JA AF Lenhart, JJ Bargar, JR Davis, JA TI Spectroscopic evidence for ternary surface complexes in the lead(II)-malonic acid-hematite system SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Letter DE EXAFS; ATR-FTIR; sorption; ternary complex; inner sphere ID BOND-VALENCE DETERMINATION; PB(II) SORPTION PRODUCTS; OXIDE-WATER INTERFACES; GAMMA-ALOOH INTERFACE; ORGANIC-ACIDS; FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS; IRON-OXIDES; ADSORPTION; BOEHMITE; XAFS AB Using extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) measurements, we examined the sorption of Pb(II) to hematite in the presence of malonic acid. Pb L(III)-edge EXAFS measurements performed in the presence of malonate indicate the presence of both Fe and C neighbors, suggesting that a major fraction of surface-bound malonate is bonded to adsorbed Pb(II). In the absence of Pb(II), ATR-FTIR measurements of sorbed malonate suggest the formation of more than one malonate surface complex, The dissimilarity of the IR spectrum of malonate sorbed on hematite to those for aqueous malonate suggest at least one of the sorbed malonate species is directly coordinated to surface Fe atoms in an inner-sphere mode, In the presence of Pb, little change is seen in the IR spectrum for sorbed malonate, indicating that geometry of malonate as it coordinates to sorbed Pb(II) adions is similar to the geometry of malonate as it coordinates to Fe in the hematite surface, Fits of the raw EXAFS spectra collected from pH 4 to pH 8 result in average Pb-C distances of 2.98 to 3.14 Angstrom, suggesting the presence of both four- and six-membered Pb-malonate rings. The IR results are consistent with this interpretation, Thus, our results suggest that malonate binds to sorbed Pb(II) adions, forming ternary metal-bridging surface complexes. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Lenhart, JJ (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, 370 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. NR 29 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD FEB 15 PY 2001 VL 234 IS 2 BP 448 EP 452 DI 10.1006/jcis.2000.7345 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 399ZC UT WOS:000166843300024 ER PT J AU Martin, TE Moller, AP Merino, S Clobert, J AF Martin, TE Moller, AP Merino, S Clobert, J TI Does clutch size evolve in response to parasites and immunocompetence? SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE life history; evolution; age-specific mortality ID LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; HOST IMMUNE DEFENSE; NEST PREDATION; BARN SWALLOWS; GREAT TITS; PIED FLYCATCHERS; SEXUAL SELECTION; HIRUNDO-RUSTICA; BROOD SIZE; BIRDS AB Parasites have been argued to influence clutch size evolution, but past work and theory has largely focused on within-species optimization solutions rather than clearly addressing among-species variation. The effects of parasites on clutch size variation among species can be complex, however, because different parasites can induce age-specific differences in mortality that can cause clutch size to evolve in different directions. We provide a conceptual argument that differences in immunocompetence among species should integrate differences in overall levels of parasite-induced mortality to which a species is exposed, We test this assumption and show that mortality caused by parasites is positively correlated with immunocompetence measured by cell-mediated measures. Under life history theory, clutch size should increase with increased adult mortality and decrease with increased juvenile mortality. Using immunocompetence as a general assay of parasite-induced mortality, we tested these predictions by using data for 25 species. We found that clutch size increased strongly with adult immunocompetence, In contrast, clutch size decreased weakly with increased juvenile immunocompetence. But, immunocompetence of juveniles may be constrained by selection on adults, and, when we controlled for adult immunocompetence, clutch size decreased with juvenile immunocompetence. Thus, immunocompetence seems to reflect evolutionary differences in parasite virulence experienced by species, and differences in age-specific parasite virulence appears to exert opposite selection on clutch size evolution. C1 Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div,Avian Studies Program, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Ecol Lab, UMR 7625, F-75252 Paris 5, France. CSIC, Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, Dept Ecol Evolut, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. RP Martin, TE (reprint author), Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div,Avian Studies Program, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RI Merino, Santiago/A-6183-2008; Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011; Evolutionary Ecology, Ecologia Evolutiva/M-3553-2014 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867; NR 70 TC 100 Z9 103 U1 1 U2 15 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 13 PY 2001 VL 98 IS 4 BP 2071 EP 2076 DI 10.1073/pnas.98.4.2071 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 401VL UT WOS:000166949200134 PM 11172077 ER PT J AU Montgomery, SL Tabet, DE Barker, CE AF Montgomery, SL Tabet, DE Barker, CE TI Upper Cretaceous Ferron Sandstone: Major coalbed methane play in central Utah SO AAPG BULLETIN LA English DT Article AB Recent drilling for coalbed gas in the Upper Cretaceous Ferron Sandstone Member of central Utah has resulted in one of the most successful plays of this kind. Exploration to date has resulted in three fields and a potential fairvay 6-10 mi (10-16 km) wide and 20-60 mi (32-96 km) long, corresponding to shallow coal occurrence at depths of about 1800-3500 ft (545-1060 m) in the Ferron, a sequence of interbedded fluvial-deltaic sandstone, shale, and coal in the lower part of the Cretaceous Mancos Shale. Coalbed methane (CBM) reservoirs in this interval consist of thin to moderately thick (3-10 ft [1-3 m]) coal beds of relatively low rank (high-volatile B bituminous) and variable gas content, ranging from 100 scf/ton or less in the south to as high as 500-600 scf/ton in the north. Productive wells have averaged more than 500 mcf/day and, after several years, continue to typically show negative production declines. In the major productive area, Drunkards Wash unit, the first 33 producers averaged 974 mcf and 85 bbl of water per day after five years of continuous production. Estimated ultimate recoverable reserves for individual wells in this unit range from 1.5 to 4 bcf. Based on several criteria, including gas content, thermal maturity, and chronostratigraphy, the play is divided into northern and southern parts. The northern part is characterized by coals that have the following characteristics: (1) high gas contents; (2) moderate thermal maturity (e.g., vitrinite reflectance [R-o] values of 0.60-0.8%); (3) good permeabilities (5-20 md); (4) lack of exposure; and (5) overpressuring, due to artesian conditions. Southern coals have much lower average gas contents (<100 scf/ton) and lower thermal maturity (R-o = 0.4-0.6%), and they are exposed along an extensive, 35 mi (56 km) outcrop belt that may have allowed a degree of flushing. These coals, however, are also thicker and more extensive than those to the north and thus may retain significant potential. Northern coals appear to contain a mixture of gas from three sources: in-situ thermogenic methane, migrated thermogenic methane from more mature sources, and late-stage biogenic gas. Current development is focused on the northern part of the stated fairway, where well control and an existing infrastructure are present. Indications are that CBM exploration in the Ferron will expand considerably in the near future. C1 Utah Geol Survey, Econ Geol Program, Salt Lake City, UT 84114 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Montgomery, SL (reprint author), 1511 18th Ave E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. NR 43 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74119-3604 USA SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 85 IS 2 BP 199 EP 219 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 406FP UT WOS:000167204500001 ER PT J AU Perkins, WS Law, SE Smith, MC Winger, PV Lasier, PJ AF Perkins, WS Law, SE Smith, MC Winger, PV Lasier, PJ TI Biological treatability and environmental impact of ozonation of spent reactive dyebaths SO AATCC REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Ceriodaphnia dubia; ozonation; reactive dyes; wastewater treatment ID TOXICITY; OZONE; PRODUCTS AB The effect of ozonation of spent reactive dyebaths on both subsequent biological wastewater treatment systems and ultimate aquatic toxicity of effluents from the wastewater treatment plant was determined. Acutal spent dyebaths from a textile plant were ozonated to remove color. The ozonated and untreated control dyebaths were diluted to produce wastewaters similar in dissolved solids content to wastewaters typically discharged by a textile plant. These wastewaters were subjected to biological treatment, and effluent generated by the biological treatment was tested for toxicity to Ceriodaphnia dubia (C. dubia). Higher reproduction in the ozonated wastewaters compared to those receiving only biological treatment suggested that ozonation of the spent dyebath tended to reduce the toxicity imparted by the wastewater after biological treatment. C1 Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Athens, GA USA. RP Perkins, WS (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dawson Hall, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC TEXTILE CHEMISTS COLORISTS PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 1532-8813 J9 AATCC REV JI AATCC Rev. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 1 IS 2 BP 39 EP 43 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 408UU UT WOS:000167346500005 ER PT J AU Vroblesky, DA Campbell, TR AF Vroblesky, DA Campbell, TR TI Equilibration times, compound selectivity, and stability of diffusion samplers for collection of ground-water VOC concentrations SO ADVANCES IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE diffusion samplers; groundwater; VOCs ID MULTIPORT SOCK SAMPLERS; WELL-PURGING PROCEDURES; FRACTURED-ROCK AQUIFER; PORE-WATER; SEDIMENTS; DISCHARGE; DIALYSIS AB Vapor-filled polyethylene diffusion samplers (typically used to locate discharge zones of volatile organic compound contaminated ground water beneath streams and lakes) and water-filled polyethylene diffusion bag samplers (typically used to obtain volatile organic compound concentrations in ground-water at wells) were tested to determine compound selectivity, equilibration times, and sample stability. The aqueous concentrations of several volatile organic compounds obtained from within water-filled diffusion samplers closely matched concentrations in ambient water outside the samplers. An exception was methyl-tert-butyl ether, which was detectable, but not reliably quantifiable using the diffusion samplers. The samplers equilibrated to a variety of volatile organic compounds within 24 h for vapor-filled passive diffusion vial samplers and within 48 h for water-filled passive diffusion bag samplers. Under field conditions, however, a longer equilibration time may be required to account for environmental disturbances caused by sampler deployment. An equilibrium period for both vapor- and water-filled diffusion samplers of approximately 2 weeks probably is adequate for most investigations in sandy formations. Longer times may be required for diffusion-sampler equilibration in poorly permeable sediment. The vapor-filled samplers should be capped and water from the diffusion bag samplers should be transferred to sampling vials immediately upon recovery to avoid volatilization losses of the gasses. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science I,td. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Stephenson Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. RP Vroblesky, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Stephenson Ctr, 720 Gracern Rd,Suite 129, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. NR 39 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1093-0191 J9 ADV ENVIRON RES JI Adv. Environ. Res. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 5 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/S1093-0191(00)00036-8 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 435ZV UT WOS:000168912800001 ER PT J AU Sinh, A Shi, H Foresman, T Fosnight, EA AF Sinh, A Shi, H Foresman, T Fosnight, EA TI Status of the world's remaining closed forests: An assessment using satellite data and policy options SO AMBIO LA English DT Article C1 UN, Environm Programme, Div Early Warning & Assessment N Amer, USGS EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. UNEP, Div Early Warning & Assessment, Nairobi, Kenya. USGS EROS Data Ctr, Div Early Warning & Assesssment N Amer, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Sinh, A (reprint author), UN, Environm Programme, Div Early Warning & Assessment N Amer, USGS EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0044-7447 J9 AMBIO JI Ambio PD FEB PY 2001 VL 30 IS 1 BP 67 EP 69 PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 414UQ UT WOS:000167684900013 ER PT J AU Verplanck, PL Antweiler, RC Nordstrom, DK Taylor, HE AF Verplanck, PL Antweiler, RC Nordstrom, DK Taylor, HE TI Standard reference water samples for rare earth element determinations SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ROCK REFERENCE SAMPLES; GROUNDWATERS; GEOCHEMISTRY; DISTRIBUTIONS; COMPILATION; AUSTRALIA; SERIES; BASIN AB Standard reference water samples (SRWS) were collected from two mine sites, one near Ophir, CO, USA and the other near Redding, CA, USA. The samples were filtered, preserved, and analyzed for rare earth element (REE) concentrations (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Cd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). These two samples were acid mine waters with elevated concentrations of REEs (0.45-161 mug/l) Seventeen international laboratories participated in a 'round-robin' chemical analysis program, which made it possible to evaluate the data by robust statistical procedures that are insensitive to outliers. The resulting most probable values are reported. Ten to 15 of the participants also reported values for Ba, Y, and Sc. Field parameters, major ion, and other trace element concentrations, not subject to statistical evaluation, are provided. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM plv@usgs.gov NR 44 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 16 IS 2 BP 231 EP 244 DI 10.1016/S0883-2927(00)00030-5 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 377WB UT WOS:000165548300006 ER PT J AU Roth, DA Taylor, HE Domagalski, J Dileanis, P Peart, DB Antweiler, RC Alpers, CN AF Roth, DA Taylor, HE Domagalski, J Dileanis, P Peart, DB Antweiler, RC Alpers, CN TI Distribution of inorganic mercury in Sacramento River water and suspended colloidal sediment material SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER; FRESH-WATERS; METALS; LEAD; ZINC AB The concentration and distribution of inorganic Hg was measured using cold-vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry in samples collected at selected sites on the Sacramento River from below Shasta Dam to Freeport, CA, at six separate times between 1996 and 1997. Dissolved (ultrafiltered, 0.005 mum equivalent pore size) Hg concentrations remained relatively constant throughout the system, ranging from the detection limit (< 0.4 ng/L) to 2.4 ng/L. Total Hg (dissolved plus colloidal suspended sediment) concentrations ranged from the detection limit at the site below Shasta Dam in September 1996 to 81 ng/L at the Colusa site in January 1997, demonstrating that colloidal sediment plays an important role in the downriver Hg transport. Sequential extractions of colloid concentrates indicate that the greatest amount of Hg associated with sediment was found in the "residual" (mineral) phase with a significant quantity also occurring in the "oxidizable" phase. Only a minor amount of Hg was observed in the "reducible" phase. Dissolved Hg loads remained constant or increased slightly in the downstream direction through the study area, whereas the total inorganic Hg load increased significantly downstream especially in the reach of the river between Bend Bridge and Colusa. Analysis of temporal variations showed that Hg loading was positively correlated to discharge. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Taylor, HE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. OI Alpers, Charles/0000-0001-6945-7365 NR 26 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 40 IS 2 BP 161 EP 172 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 400YY UT WOS:000166901300003 PM 11243317 ER PT J AU Kilbride, KM Paveglio, FL AF Kilbride, KM Paveglio, FL TI Long-term fate of glyphosate associated with repeated rodeo applications to control smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) in Willapa Bay, Washington SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; TRANSLOCATION; METABOLISM; SOIL; DEGRADATION; ABSORPTION; NARCOSIS; ESTUARY; WATER AB Cordgrasses (Spartina sp.) are exotic, invasive species that threaten to degrade the intertidal zones of estuaries along the West Coast of North America. Integrated pest management (IPM) strategies primarily focus on the use of aerial and ground applications of Rodeo(R) in conjunction with mowing, but IPM treatments over multiple years usually are necessary to control Spartina. Although information exists regarding the short-term fate and effects to marine biota of a single Rodeo(R) application to control Spartina, little information is available regarding the fate and biotic effects associated with repeated Rodeo(R) applications necessary for control. Consequently, we conducted a 3-year study to assess the short- and long-term fate and potential effects to marine biota associated with repeated applications of Rodeo(R) to control smooth cordgrass in a southwestern Washington estuary. At each of three intertidal locations in Willapa Bay, we established plots on exposed mudftats and along the edge of a Spartina meadow that were hand sprayed with Rodeo(R) (5% solution) and LI-700(R) (2% solution) during July 1997 and 1998. Glyphosate concentrations in sediment from mudflat plots declined 88% to 96% from 1 day posttreatment in 1997 to 1 year after the second Rodeo applications in 1999. In contrast, glyphosate concentrations in Spartina plots increased 231% to 591% from 1997 to 1999 because Spartina rhizomes likely did not readily metabolize or exude it. Comparison of concentrations from mudflat and Spartina plots with toxicity test values for marine biota indicates that under worst-case conditions short- and long-term detrimental effects to aquatic biota from repeated application of Rodeo(R) for Spartina control would be highly unlikely. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Refuge Biol, Vancouver, WA 98665 USA. RP Kilbride, KM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Refuge Biol, 9317 NE Highway 99,Suite D, Vancouver, WA 98665 USA. NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 7 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 40 IS 2 BP 179 EP 183 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 400YY UT WOS:000166901300005 PM 11243319 ER PT J AU Frankel, A Carver, D Cranswick, E Bice, T Sell, R Hanson, S AF Frankel, A Carver, D Cranswick, E Bice, T Sell, R Hanson, S TI Observations of basin ground motions from a dense seismic array in San Jose, California SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID 3-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATION; MONICA; AMPLIFICATION; AFTERSHOCKS; EARTHQUAKE; WAVES; AREA AB We installed a dense array of 41 digital seismographs in San Jose, California, to evaluate in detail the effects of a deep sedimentary basin and shallow sedimentary deposits on earthquake ground motions. This urban array is located near the eastern edge of the Santa Clara Valley and spans the Evergreen sedimentary basin identified by gravity data. Average station spacing is 1 km, with three stations initially spaced 110 m apart. Despite the high-noise urban environment, the stations of the array successfully triggered on and recorded small local earthquakes (M 2.5-2.8 at 10-25 km distance) and larger regional events such as the M 5.0 Bolinas earthquake (90 km distance), M 4.6-5.6 earthquakes near Mammoth Lakes (270 km distance), M 4.9-5.6 events in western Nevada (420 km distance) and the M 7.1 Hector Mine earthquake (590 km distance). Maps of spectral ratios across the array show that the highest amplitudes in all frequency bands studied (0.125-8 Hz) are generally observed at stations farther from the eastern edge of the Santa Clara Valley. Larger spectral amplitudes are often observed above the western edge of the Evergreen Basin. Snapshots of the recorded wavefield crossing the array for regional events to the east reveal that large, low-frequency (0.125-0.5 Hz) arrivals after the S-wave travel from south to north across the array. A moving-window, cross-correlation analysis finds that these later arrivals are surface waves traveling from the south. The timing and propagation direction of these arrivals indicates that they were likely produced by scattering of incident S waves at the border of the Santa Clara Valley to the south of the array. It is remarkable that the largest low-frequency phases at many of the valley sites for regional events to the east are basin surface waves coming from a direction about 70 degrees different from that of the epicenters. Basin surface waves emanating from the eastern edge of the valley are also identified by the crosscorrelation analysis. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Frankel, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 16 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 91 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1785/0120000071 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 415KM UT WOS:000167720600001 ER PT J AU Harmsen, S Frankel, A AF Harmsen, S Frankel, A TI Geographic deaggregation of seismic hazard in the United States SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID EARTHQUAKES; DESIGN AB The seismic hazard calculations for the 1996 national seismic hazard maps have been geographically deaggregated to assist in the understanding of the relative contributions of sources. These deaggregations are exhibited as maps with vertical bars whose heights are proportional to the contribution that each geographical cell makes to the ground-motion exceedance hazard. Bar colors correspond to average source magnitudes. We also extend the deaggregation analysis reported in Harmsen et al. (1999) to the western conterminous United States. In contrast to the central and eastern United States (CEUS); the influence of specific faults or characteristic events can be clearly identified. Geographic deaggregation for 0.2-sec and 1.0-sec pseudo spectral acceleration (SA) is performed for 10% probability of exceedance (PE) in 50 yr (475-yr mean return period) and 2% PE in 50 yr (2475-yr mean return period) for four western U.S. cities, Los Angeles, Salt Lake City, San Francisco, and Seattle, and for three central and eastern U.S. cities, Atlanta, Boston, and Saint Louis. In general, as the PE is lowered, the sources of hazard closer to the site dominate. Larger, more distant earthquakes contribute more significantly to hazard for 1.0-sec SA than for 0.2-sec SA. Additional maps of geographically deaggregated seismic hazard are available on the Internet for 120 cities in the conterminous United States (http://geohazards.cr.usgs.gov/eq/) for 1-sec SA and for 0.2-sec SA with a 2% PE in 50 yr. Examination of these maps of hazard contributions enables the investigator to determine the distance and azimuth to predominant sources, and their magnitudes, This information can be used to generate scenario earthquakes and corresponding time histories for seismic design and retrofit. Where fault density is lower than deaggregation cell dimensions, we can identify specific faults that contribute significantly to the seismic hazard at a given site. Detailed fault information enables investigators to include rupture information such as source directivity, radiation pattern, and basin-edge effects into their scenario earthquakes used in engineering analyses. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Harmsen, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 16 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 6 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 91 IS 1 BP 13 EP 26 DI 10.1785/0120000007 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 415KM UT WOS:000167720600002 ER PT J AU Power, JA Moran, SC McNutt, SR Stihler, SD Sanchez, JJ AF Power, JA Moran, SC McNutt, SR Stihler, SD Sanchez, JJ TI Seismic response of the Katmai volcanoes to the 6 December 1999 magnitude 7.0 Karluk Lake earthquake, Alaska SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL-PARK; TRIGGERED SEISMICITY; CALIFORNIA; GEYSERS AB A sudden increase in earthquake activity was observed beneath volcanoes in the Katmai area on the Alaska Peninsula immediately following the 6 December 1999 magnitude (M-W) 7.0 Karluk Lake earthquake beneath southern Kodiak Island, Alaska. The observed increase in earthquake activity consisted of small (ML < 1.3), shallow (Z < 5.0 km) events. These earthquakes were located beneath Mount Martin, Mount Mageik, Trident Volcano, and the Katmai caldera and began within the coda of the Karluk Lake mainshock. All of these earthquakes occurred in areas and magnitude ranges that are typical for the background seismicity observed in the Katmai area. Seismicity rates returned to background levels 8 to 13 hours after the Karluk Lake mainshock. The close temporal relationship with the Karluk Lake mainshock, the onset of activity within the mainshock coda, and the simultaneous increase beneath four separate volcanic centers all suggest these earthquakes were remotely triggered. Modeling of the Coulomb stress changes from the mainshock for optimally oriented faults suggests negligible change in static stress beneath the Katmai volcanoes. This result favors models that involve dynamic stresses as the mechanism for triggered seismicity at Katmai. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Power, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, 4200 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NR 28 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 91 IS 1 BP 57 EP 63 DI 10.1785/0120000054 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 415KM UT WOS:000167720600005 ER PT J AU Fabrizio, MC Dorazio, RM Schram, ST AF Fabrizio, MC Dorazio, RM Schram, ST TI Dynamics of individual growth in a recovering population of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR MODELS; RECAPTURE DATA; VARIABILITY; PARAMETERS; SUPERIOR AB In 1976, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources established a refuge for a nearly depleted population of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) at Gull Island Shoal, Lake Superior. The refuge was intended to reduce fishing mortality by protecting adult lake trout. We examined the growth dynamics of these lake trout during the period of recovery by comparing estimates of individual growth before and after the refuge was established. Our estimates are based on an annual mark-recapture survey conducted at the spawning area since 1969. We developed a model that allowed mean growth rates to differ among individuals of different sizes and that accommodated variation in growth rates of individuals of the same size. Likelihood ratio tests were used to determine if the mean growth increments of lake trout changed after the refuge was established. Our results suggest that growth of mature lake trout (particularly wild fish) decreased significantly in the postrefuge period. This decreased growth may have been associated with a reduction in food availability. We also observed reductions in growth as wild fish grew older and larger, which suggests that the growth of these fish may be adequately approximated by a von Bertalanffy growth model if it becomes possible to obtain accurate ages. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. US Geol Survey, Florida Caribbean Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Bayfield, WI 54814 USA. RP Fabrizio, MC (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. OI Fabrizio, Mary/0000-0002-6115-5490 NR 40 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 58 IS 2 BP 262 EP 272 DI 10.1139/cjfas-58-2-262 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 399WR UT WOS:000166837700004 ER PT J AU Bouchet, F West, D Lefevre, C Corbett, D AF Bouchet, F West, D Lefevre, C Corbett, D TI Identification of parasitoses in a child burial from Adak Island (Central Aleutian Islands, Alaska) SO COMPTES RENDUS DE L ACADEMIE DES SCIENCES SERIE III-SCIENCES DE LA VIE-LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE paleoparasitology; Ascaris; Diphyllobothrium; Aleutian Islands; Helminths ID PREHISTORIC PARASITISM; COLORADO PLATEAU; COPROLITES; ARCHAEOPARASITOLOGY; WORLD AB Bothriocephalid (Diphyllobothrium pacificum) and Ascarid (Ascaris lumbricoides) eggs have been identified in a sample taken in the abdominal cavity of a child skeleton found in Zeto Point (ADK-011), an archaeological site on Adak Island in the Central Aleutian Islands (Alaska). (C) 2001 Academie des sciences/Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. C1 Univ Reims, CNRS, Lab Paleoparasitol, ESA 8045, F-51096 Reims, France. Univ Kansas, Dept Anthropol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Museum Natl Hist Nat, CNRS, ESA 8045, Anat Comparee Lab, F-75005 Paris, France. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Bouchet, F (reprint author), Univ Reims, CNRS, Lab Paleoparasitol, ESA 8045, 51 Rue Cognacq Jay, F-51096 Reims, France. EM francoise.bouchet@univ-reims.fr NR 32 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0764-4469 J9 CR ACAD SCI III-VIE JI Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci. Ser. III-Sci. Vie-Life Sci. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 324 IS 2 BP 123 EP 127 DI 10.1016/S0764-4469(00)01287-7 PG 5 WC Biology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 412CL UT WOS:000167536400004 PM 11280043 ER PT J AU Meehan, TD Lott, CA Sharp, ZD Smith, RB Rosenfield, RN Stewart, AC Murphy, RK AF Meehan, TD Lott, CA Sharp, ZD Smith, RB Rosenfield, RN Stewart, AC Murphy, RK TI Using hydrogen isotope geochemistry to estimate the natal latitudes of immature Cooper's hawks migrating through the Florida Keys SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Accipiter cooperii; migration; raptors; stable-hydrogen isotopes ID STABLE-ISOTOPES; MIGRANT SONGBIRDS; NORTH-AMERICA; RECENT TRENDS; PRECIPITATION; ORIGINS; RATIOS AB We constructed a regression model for the relationship between stable-hydrogen isotope ratios in immature Cooper's Hawk (Accipiter cooperii) feathers (deltaD(f)) and precipitation in areas where feathers were grown (deltaD(p)) across much of the latitudinal and longitudinal extent of the species' breeding range. We used our model to estimate deltaD(p) values from deltaD(f) values of immature Cooper's Hawks captured during migration in the Florida Keys. We compared these estimated deltaD(p) values to a published map of deltaD(p) values of North American precipitation to learn the latitudinal origins of migrants. We reviewed previous migration banding studies to estimate the longitudinal range of migrants. Our analysis suggested that most of the immature Cooper's Hawks migrating through the Keys originated in natal areas in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeast regions of the continent. We found no difference in the passage date of northern and southern birds or in the latitudinal origins of males and females. This new information will aid in the interpretation of population trends generated from the ongoing migration count in the Keys. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. HawkWatch Int, Salt Lake City, UT 84115 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. BC Environm, Victoria, BC V8W 9M1, Canada. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Des Lacs Natl Wildlife Refuge, Kenmare, ND 58746 USA. RP Meehan, TD (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. NR 52 TC 74 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 8 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2001 VL 103 IS 1 BP 11 EP 20 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2001)103[0011:UHIGTE]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 400NJ UT WOS:000166877800002 ER PT J AU Franson, JC Hansen, SP Pokras, MA Miconi, R AF Franson, JC Hansen, SP Pokras, MA Miconi, R TI Size characteristics of stones ingested by Common Loons SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Common Loon; Gavia immer; ingested stones; lead sinkers; stomach ID GAVIA-IMMER AB Common Loon (Gavia immer) carcasses recovered in New England had more stones of greater combined mass in their stomachs than loons from the southeastern United Stares. Stones retained in sieves with mesh sizes between 4.75 and 8.00 mm accounted for the greatest percentage (by mass) of grit in loon stomachs. The median longest dimension of the largest single stone in each stomach was 12.5 mm in loons from New England and 10.7 mm in loons from the southeast (maximum = 23.1 mm and 16.8 mm, respectively). A recent national proposal to restrict the use of certain fishing weights in the United States called for a ban on lead fishing sinkers of 25.4 mm or less in any dimension. Our findings suggest it is unlikely that Common Loons would ingest lead fishing weights greater than 25.4 mm in any dimension, if such ingestion was solely the result of their search for replacement stones for their stomachs. However, this does not preclude the possibility that loons may ingest larger fishing weights under other circumstances, such as the consumption of fish with attached sinkers. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Vet Med, N Grafton, MA 01536 USA. RP Franson, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. OI Franson, J/0000-0002-0251-4238 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2001 VL 103 IS 1 BP 189 EP 191 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2001)103[0189:SCOSIB]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 400NJ UT WOS:000166877800025 ER PT J AU Barber, DR Martin, TE Melchiors, MA Thill, RE Wigley, TB AF Barber, DR Martin, TE Melchiors, MA Thill, RE Wigley, TB TI Nesting success of birds in different silvicultural treatments in Southeastern US pine forests SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BROWN-HEADED COWBIRD; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; PREDATION; FRAGMENTATION; PARASITISM; LANDSCAPE; DENSITY; DEPREDATION; INDICATOR; DECLINE AB We examined nesting success and levels of nest predation and cowbird parasitism among five different silvicultural treatments regenerating (3-6 years old), mid-rotation (12-15 years old), and thinned (17-23 years old) pine plantations, single-tree selection, and late-rotation pine-hardwood stands in the Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas from 1993 to 1995. We monitored 1674 nests. Differences in daily mortality and daily predation rate among two or more treatments were found for 4 and 3 of 12 species, respectively. These differences were lost following Bonferroni adjustments, but thinned stands had higher levels of Predation than single-tree selection stands when predation levels were averaged across species. Daily predation rates were positively correlated with the relative abundance of birds, suggesting that nest predators respond to prey availability (i.e., nests) in a density-dependent manner. The relative abundance of cowbirds differed among treatments, with the highest densities in regenerating thinned, and single-tree selection stands. Field Sparrows (Spizella pusilla) and Yellow-breasted Chats (Icteria virens) experienced higher levels of parasitism in thinned than regenerating plantations whereas White-eyed Vireos (Vireo griseus) experienced higher parasitism in regenerating plantations than in mid-rotation or thinned plantations. Several shrub-nesting and 1 ground-nesting species had lower nesting success in thinned and regenerating plantations than has been reported in previously published studies Thus, some seral stages of even-aged management may provide low quality nesting habitat for several early-successional bird species. In contrast many species nesting in mid-rotation and single-tree selection stands had nesting success similar to or greater than that found in previous studies suggesting that some silvicultural treatments, when embedded in a largely forested landscape may Provide suitable habitat for forest land birds without affecting their reproductive success. C1 Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Weyerhaeuser Co, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Stephen F Austin Stn, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement Inc, Dept Aquaculture Fisheries & Wildlife, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Barber, DR (reprint author), Hawk Mt Sanctuary, 1700 Hawk Mt Rd, Kempton, PA 19529 USA. EM barber@hawkmountain.org RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 NR 57 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 15 IS 1 BP 196 EP 207 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2001.97294.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 405QK UT WOS:000167170400021 ER PT J AU Madej, MA AF Madej, MA TI Erosion and sediment delivery following removal of forest roads SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE erosion control; forest road removal; road decommissioning; water shed restoration; sediment yield monitoring AB Erosion control treatments were applied to abandoned logging roads in California, with the goal of reducing road-related sediment input to streams and restoring natural hydrologic patterns on the landscape. Treatment of stream crossings involved excavating culverts and associated road fill and reshaping streambanks. A variety of techniques were applied to road benches, which included decompacting the road surface, placing unstable road fill in more stable locations, and reestablishing natural surface drainage patterns. Following treatment and a 12-year recurrence-interval storm, some road reaches and excavated stream crossings showed evidence of mass movement failures, gullying, bank erosion and channel incision. Post-treatment erosion from excavated stream crossings was related to two variables: a surrogate for stream power (drainage area x channel gradient) and the volume of fill excavated from the channel. Post-treatment erosion on road reaches was related to four explanatory variables: method of treatment, hillslope position (upper, mid-slope or lower), date of treatment, and an interaction term (hillslope position x method of treatment). Sediment delivery from treated roads in upper, middle and lower hillslope positions was 10, 135 and 550 m(3) of sediment per kilometre of treated roads, respectively. In contrast, inventories of almost 500 km of forest roads in adjacent catchments indicate that untreated roads produced 1500 to 4700 m(3) of sediment per kilometre of road length. Erosion from 300 km of treated roads contributed less than 2 per cent of the total sediment load of Redwood Creek during the period 1978 to 1998. Although road removal treatments do not completely eliminate erosion associated with forest roads, they do substantially reduce sediment yields from abandoned logging roads. Published in 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Redwood Field Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Madej, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Redwood Field Stn, 1655 Heindon Rd, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. NR 17 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 4 U2 26 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 26 IS 2 BP 175 EP 190 DI 10.1002/1096-9837(200102)26:2<175::AID-ESP174>3.0.CO;2-N PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 402FD UT WOS:000166974600006 ER PT J AU Larson, DL Anderson, PJ Newton, W AF Larson, DL Anderson, PJ Newton, W TI Alien plant invasion in mixed-grass prairie: Effects of vegetation type and anthropogenic disturbance SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Akaike's Information Criterion; alien plants; anthropogenic disturbance; Great Plains; mired-grass prairie; native vegetation type; Theodore Roosevelt National Park, North Dakota (USA) ID EXOTIC PLANTS; SPECIES COMPOSITION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; RIPARIAN ZONES; DIVERSITY; INVASIBILITY; COMPETITION; MECHANISMS; CALIFORNIA; DEMOGRAPHY AB The ability of alien plant species to invade a region depends not only on attributes of the plant, but on characteristics of the habitat being invaded. Here, we examine characteristics that may influence the success of alien plant invasion in mixed-grass prairie at Theodore Roosevelt National Park, in western North Dakota, USA. The park consists of two geographically separate units with similar vegetation types and management history, which allowed us to examine the effects of native vegetation type, anthropogenic disturbance, and the separate park units on the invasion of native plant communities by alien plant species common to counties surrounding both park units. If matters of chance related to availability of propagules and transient establishment opportunities determine the success of invasion, park unit and anthropogenic disturbance should better explain the variation in alien plant frequency. If invasibility is more strongly related to biotic or physical characteristics of the native plant communities, models of alien plant occurrence should include vegetation type as an explanatory variable. We examined >1300 transects across all vegetation types in both units of the park. Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) indicated that the fully parameterized model, including the interaction among vegetation type, disturbance, and park unit, best described the distribution of both total number of alien plants per transect and frequency of alien plants on transects where they occurred. Although all vegetation types were invaded by alien plants, mesic communities had both greater numbers and higher frequencies of alien plants than did drier communities. A strong element of stochasticity, reflected in differences in frequencies of individual species between the two park units, suggests that prediction of risk of invasion will always involve uncertainty. In addition, despite well-documented associations between anthropogenic disturbance and alien plant invasion, five of the six most abundant alien species at Theodore Roosevelt National Park had distributions unrelated to disturbance. We recommend that vegetation type be explicitly taken into account when designing monitoring plans for alien species in natural areas. C1 Univ Minnesota, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Minnesota Project Off, USGS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, USGS, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Larson, DL (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Minnesota Project Off, USGS, 100 Ecol Bldg,1987 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. OI Larson, Diane/0000-0001-5202-0634 NR 56 TC 98 Z9 101 U1 9 U2 59 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 11 IS 1 BP 128 EP 141 DI 10.2307/3061061 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 398GT UT WOS:000166749100011 ER PT J AU Freeman, MC Bowen, ZH Bovee, KD Irwin, ER AF Freeman, MC Bowen, ZH Bovee, KD Irwin, ER TI Flow and habitat effects on juvenile fish abundance in natural and altered flow regimes SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE flow regulation; habitat stability; hydrologic alteration; instream habitat; juvenile fish; PHABSIM; riverine fishes; southeastern US river; Tallapoosa River ID STREAM FISHES; RIVER SYSTEMS; ASSEMBLAGE; ORGANIZATION; VARIABILITY; RESTORATION; DOWNSTREAM; ECOSYSTEM; RECOVERY; DARTER AB Conserving biological resources native to large river systems increasingly depends on how flow-regulated segments of these rivers are managed. Improving manage ment will require a better understanding of linkages between river biota and temporal variability of flow and instream habitat. However, few studies have quantified responses of native fish populations to multiyear (>2 yr) patterns of hydrologic or habitat variability in flow-regulated systems. To provide these data, we quantified young-of-year (YOY) fish abundance during four years in relation to hydrologic and habitat variability in two segments of the Tallapoosa River in the southeastern United States. One segment had an unregulated how regime, whereas the other was flow-regulated by a peak-load generating hydropower dam. We sampled fishes annually and explored how continuously recorded flow data and physical habitat simulation models (PHABSIM) for spring (April-June) and summer (July-August) preceding each sample explained fish abundances. Patterns of YOY abundance in relation to habitat availability (median area) and habitat persistence (longest period with habitat area continuously above the long-term median area) differed between unregulated and flow-regulated sites. At the unregulated site, YOY abundances were most frequently correlated with availability of shallow-slow habitat in summer (10 species) and persistence of shallow-slow and shallow-fast habitat in spring (nine species). Additionally, abundances were negatively correlated with I-h maximum flow in summer (five species). At the flow regulated site, YOY abundances were more frequently correlated with persistence of shallow-water habitats (four species in spring; six species in summer) than with habitat availability or magnitude of flow extremes. The associations of YOY with habitat persistence at the flow-regulated site corresponded to the effects of how regulation on habitat patterns. Flow regulation reduced median flows during spring and summer, which resulted in median availability of shallow-water habitats comparable to the unregulated site. However, habitat persistence was severely reduced by flow fluctuations resulting from pulsed water releases for peak-load power generation. Habitat persistence, comparable to levels in the unregulated site, only occurred during summer when low rainfall or other factors occasionally curtailed power generation. As a consequence, summer-spawning species numerically dominated the fish assemblage at the flow-regulated site; five of six spring-spawning species occurring at both study sites were significantly less abundant at the how-regulated site: Persistence of native fishes in flow-regulated systems depends, in part, on the seasonal occurrence of stable habitat conditions that facilitate reproduction and YOY survival. C1 Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. Auburn Univ, US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Freeman, MC (reprint author), Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 56 TC 164 Z9 172 U1 8 U2 98 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 11 IS 1 BP 179 EP 190 DI 10.2307/3061065 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 398GT UT WOS:000166749100015 ER PT J AU Morey, S Reznick, D AF Morey, S Reznick, D TI Effects of larval density on postmetamorphic spadefoot toads (Spea hammondii) SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amphibia; density effects; larval environment; metamorphosis; phenotypic plasticity; post-metamorphic growth; Spea hammondii; trade-offs ID COMPLEX LIFE-CYCLES; ANURAN SCAPHIOPUS-COUCHII; AMPHIBIAN METAMORPHOSIS; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION; ADAPTIVE PLASTICITY; AMBYSTOMA-OPACUM; BUFO-WOODHOUSEI; HISTORY TRAITS; PREDATION RISK AB To evaluate the effects of larval environment on postmetamorphic performance in the spadefoot toad, Spea hammondii, larvae were reared at one of two densities, creating groups of small and large terrestrial juveniles. These terrestrial juveniles were reared, either individually in the laboratory or in groups in outdoor tanks, at high and low food levels until they were 1 yr old. Larger terrestrial juveniles had higher probabilities of survival to 1 yr of age than smaller juveniles. Larval density did not strongly affect the maximum postmetamorphic growth rate of metamorphs. Body mass differences resulting from larval environment were maintained or slightly increased over the first year of terrestrial growth. The only exception occurred among males receiving high food after metamorphosis in both the laboratory and outdoor tanks; here the size differences disappeared. Larval environment did not influence the proportion of males reaching maturity in their first year. No females matured in their first year; this difference in the rate of maturation in males and females is consistent with published field studies. In outdoor tanks, males from the high-density larval treatment were active on the surface more often than those from the low-density larval treatment. These results are in general agreement with previous studies that have suggested that small size at metamorphosis is associated with lower adult fitness, in this case through lower survival and smaller body sizes. However, the results of this study suggest that the extent to which larval environment can influence subsequent terrestrial characteristics, such as growth and behavior, may vary with sex and terrestrial food availability. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Portland, OR 97232 USA. RP Reznick, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 78 TC 97 Z9 101 U1 2 U2 17 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD FEB PY 2001 VL 82 IS 2 BP 510 EP 522 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[0510:EOLDOP]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 403VX UT WOS:000167064100017 ER PT J AU Christensen, VG Juracek, KE AF Christensen, VG Juracek, KE TI Variability of metals in reservoir sediment from two adjacent basins in the central Great Plains SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arsenic; reservoir; sediment quality; selenium; strontium ID TRACE-METALS; HEAVY-METALS; RIVER BASIN; LAKE-SEDIMENTS; ACCUMULATION; TRENDS; INDIA; WATER; CORES AB Reservoir-sediment cores were used to investigate sediment quality in two adjacent basins in the central Great Plains. A total of 18 metals were analyzed to determine and compare concentration magnitudes and trends within and between the two basins. Temporal patterns (bottom to tap of core) and ranges in metal concentrations were similar between the two basins; spatial patterns (upstream to downstream), however, showed no similarities. Sediment quality was assessed for eight metals that have federally established sediment-quality guidelines. Of the eight metals, several had concentrations that exceeded threshold effect levels for aquatic organisms. However, the concentrations were less than established probable effect levels. For both basins, increasing trends were indicated for As, Sr, and Se. The trends may be related to both natural conditions and increased irrigation activities in both basins. C1 US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RP Christensen, VG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4821 Quail Crest Pl, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. NR 52 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 40 IS 4-5 BP 470 EP 481 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 402WG UT WOS:000167010700009 ER PT J AU Gabrey, SW Afton, AD AF Gabrey, SW Afton, AD TI Plant community composition and biomass in Gulf Coast Chenier Plain marshes: Responses to winter burning and structural marsh management SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE burning; coastal marshes; Gulf Coast Chenier Plain; Louisiana; marsh process; plant community; plant biomass; productivity; structural marsh management ID LOUISIANA; IMPOUNDMENTS; VEGETATION; USA; ACCRETION; SALINITY; GROWTH; FIRE AB Many marshes in the Gulf Coast Chenier Plain, USA, are managed through a combination of fall or winter burning and structural marsh management(i.e., levees and water control structures; hereafter SMM). The goals of winter burning and SMM include improvement of waterfowl and furbearer habitat, maintenance of historic isohaline lines, and creation and maintenance of emergent wetlands. Although management practices are intended to influence the plant community, effects of these practices on primary productivity have not been investigated. Marsh processes, such as vertical accretion and nutrient cycles, which depend on primary productivity may be affected directly or indirectly by winter burning or SMM. We compared Chenier Plain plant community characteristics (species composition and above- and belowground biomass) in experimentally burned and unburned control plots within impounded and unimpounded marshes at 7 months (1996), 19 months (1997), and 31 months (1998) after burning. Burning and SMM did not affect number of plant species or species composition in our experiment. For ail three years combined, burned plots had higher live above-ground biomass than did unburned plots. Total aboveground and dead above-ground biomasses were reduced in burned plots for two and three years, respectively compared to those in unburned control plots. During all three years, belowground biomass was lower in impounded than in unimpounded marshes but did not differ between burn treatments. Our results clearly indicate that current marsh management practices influence marsh primary productivity and may impact other marsh processes, such as vertical accretion, that are dependent on organic matter accumulation and decay. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Sch Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Gabrey, SW (reprint author), NW State Univ, Dept Biol, Natchitoches, LA 71497 USA. NR 45 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 27 IS 2 BP 281 EP 293 DI 10.1007/s002670010149 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 387CP UT WOS:000166102800009 PM 11116385 ER PT J AU Kannan, K Hilscherova, K Imagawa, T Yamashita, N Williams, LL Giesy, JP AF Kannan, K Hilscherova, K Imagawa, T Yamashita, N Williams, LL Giesy, JP TI Polychlorinated naphthalenes, -biphenyls, -dibenzo-p-dioxins, and -dibenzofurans in double-crested cormorants and herring gulls from Michigan waters of the Great Lakes SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TERNS HYDROPROGNE-CASPIA; PHALACROCORAX-AURITUS; BIOTA; BIOACCUMULATION; EQUIVALENTS; CONGENERS; SEDIMENT; SAMPLES; TRENDS; SITE AB Concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), naphthalenes (PCNs), and biphenyls (PCBs) were measured in eggs of double-crested cormorants and herring gulls collected from Michigan waters of the Great Lakes. Concentrations of PCNs in eggs of double-crested cormorants and herring gulls were in the ranges of 380-2400 and 83-1300 pg/g, wet wt, respectively. Concentrations of 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDDs and PCDFs were 10-200 times less than those of PCNs in eggs whereas those of total PCBs (380-7900 ng/g, wet wt) were 3-4 orders of magnitude greater. While the profile of PCB isomers and congeners between double-crested cormorants and herring gulls was similar, the PCN isomer profile differed markedly between these two species. PCN congeners 66/67 (1,2,3.4,6,7/1,2,3,5,6,7) accounted for greater than 90% of the total PCN concentrations in herring gulls, whereas their contribution to total PCN concentrations in double-crested cormorants ranged from 18 to 40% (mean, 31%). The ratios of concentrations of PCDDs to PCDFs were greater in herring gulls than in double crested cormorants collected from the same locations, suggesting the ability of the former to metabolize PCDF congeners relatively rapidly. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) equivalents (TEQs) contributed by PCNs in double-crested cormorant and herring gull eggs were 2-3% of the sum TEQs of PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCNs. PCB congener 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PeCB) accounted for 57-72% of the total TEQs in double-crested cormorant and herring gull eggs. C1 Michigan State Univ, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Natl Inst Resources & Environm, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Kannan, K (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RI Hilscherova, Klara/B-4595-2011 NR 25 TC 79 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 1 PY 2001 VL 35 IS 3 BP 441 EP 447 DI 10.1021/es0013374 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 397ZA UT WOS:000166727700013 PM 11351712 ER PT J AU Tesoriero, AJ Loffler, FE Liebscher, H AF Tesoriero, AJ Loffler, FE Liebscher, H TI Fate and origin of 1,2-dichlorapropane in an unconfined shallow aquifer SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; WATER AB A shallow aquifer with different redox zones overlain by intensive agricultural activity was monitored for the occurrence of 1,2-dichloropropane (DCP) to assess the fate and origin of this pollutant. DCP was detected more frequently in groundwater samples collected in aerobic and nitrate-reducing zones than those collected from iron-reducing zones. Simulated DCP concentrations for groundwater entering an iron-reducing zone were calculated from a fate and transport model that included dispersion, sorption, and hydrolysis but not degradation. Simulated concentrations were well in excess of measured values, suggesting that microbial degradation occurred in the iron-reducing zone. Microcosm experiments were conducted using aquifer samples collected from iron-reducing and aerobic zones to evaluate the potential for microbial degradation of DCP and to explain field observations. Hydrogenolysis of DCP and production of monochlorinated propanes in microcosm experiments occurred only with aquifer materials collected from the iron-reducing zone, and no dechlorination was observed in microcosms established with aquifer materials collected from the aerobic zones. Careful analyses of the DCP/1,2,2-trichloropropane ratios in groundwater indicated that older fumigant formulations were responsible for the high levels of DCP present in this aquifer. C1 US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Environm Canada, Vancouver, BC V6P 6H9, Canada. RP Tesoriero, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3916 Sunset Ridge Rd, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. RI Loeffler, Frank/M-8216-2013 NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 1 PY 2001 VL 35 IS 3 BP 455 EP 461 DI 10.1021/es001289n PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 397ZA UT WOS:000166727700015 PM 11351714 ER PT J AU Carr, RS Biedenbach, JM Hooten, RL AF Carr, RS Biedenbach, JM Hooten, RL TI Sediment quality assessment survey and toxicity identification evaluation studies in Lavaca Bay, Texas, a marine superfund site SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sediment quality assessment; pore water toxicity; toxicity identification evaluation (TIE); mercury; PAHs; marine NPL site ID FLORIDA AB A sediment quality assessment survey was conducted in Lavaca Bay, Texas, in proximity to a marine Superfund National Priority List (NPL) site. Previous studies at this site had focused primarily on the degree and extent of mercury contamination. The purpose of this survey was to determine the potential ecotoxicological impacts of contaminants, using sensitive sediment toxicity tests in conjunction with a comprehensive chemical analysis of the sediments. In addition, phase I toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) studies were conducted at several of the more toxic sites. Sea urchin (Arbacia punctulata) fertilization and embryological development tests with sediment pore water were employed to assess the toxicity of the sediments. Elevated levels of mercury were found in a number of samples as much as 10-20 times that of background. Six stations had total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentration above the probable effect level (PEL) guideline value, and some stations had concentrations as much as 1000 times above background levels. Eighteen of the 24 stations exhibited toxicity in one of the toxicity tests, while 14 stations were toxic in both tests. A number of stations within the fish closure area exceeded 8-16 of the PEL guidelines. Both aeration and the C-18 column treatments were effective in reducing toxicity from the pore water of the two stations included in the TIE. This information, in conjunction with the fact that two of the four stations with the highest mercury concentrations were not toxic, suggests that the toxicity observed in this study is primarily due to organics, probably PAHs, and not mercury. We recommend that these other contaminants of concern be considered in any remedial actions that are planned for this NPL site and that impacts on the ecosystem, as well as human health issues, also be considered. (C) 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Texas A&M Univ, US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal Studies, Biol Resources Div,Marine Ecotoxicol Res Stn,NRC, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. RP Carr, RS (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal Studies, Biol Resources Div,Marine Ecotoxicol Res Stn,NRC, Suite 3200,6300 Ocean Dr, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1520-4081 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL JI Environ. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 16 IS 1 BP 20 EP 30 DI 10.1002/1522-7278(2001)16:1<20::AID-TOX30>3.0.CO;2-1 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Water Resources GA 396VP UT WOS:000166657900003 PM 11345542 ER PT J AU Ross, RM Krise, WF Redell, LA Bennett, RM AF Ross, RM Krise, WF Redell, LA Bennett, RM TI Effects of dissolved carbon dioxide on the physiology and behavior of fish in artificial streams SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acid mine drainage; blacknose dace; blood glucose; branchial ventilation; brook trout; feeding behavior; hematocrit; slimy sculpin; swimming behavior ID GAS SUPERSATURATION; RAINBOW-TROUT; BROOK TROUT; PH; METABOLISM; ANESTHESIA; HABITAT; BLOOD; CARP AB A new technology for treating waters contaminated with acid mine drainage involves the dissolution of limestone particles using carbon dioxide at pressures above ambient. Because of the fish health risks associated with episodes of high carbon dioxide levels in treated waters, we subjected three species of fish, brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus), and blacknose dace (Rhinichthys atratulus), to 24 h exposures of elevated dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) at three levels, ranging from 1.0 (low) to 6.3 (high)%, under laboratory conditions. We measured blood physiological variables as well as behavior, including feeding responses, before, during, and after exposure. Physiological responses differed by species, but all species had elevated hematocrits after 1 h of exposure. Brook trout hematocrits were higher at medium and high levels of CO2 than in a control group (0.0% CO2) after 24 h of exposure. Slimy sculpin hematocrits were higher in medium- and high-level exposure groups than in controls after 1 h, but not after 24 h, of exposure. Blacknose dace hematocrits were higher in all three exposure groups than in controls after 1 h but only in medium-level exposure groups after 24 h. Brook trout plasma glucose was significantly higher in medium- and high-level exposure groups after 1 h, and in the high-level group after 24 h, than in controls. Slimy sculpin plasma glucose was not significantly different in elevated CO2 exposure groups from that of controls throughout exposure. Branchial ventilation was significantly greater in all species at elevated CO2 during exposure, indicating stress; however, no difference was observed between treatment and control groups of blacknose dace after 24 h, indicating acclimation. Pectoral fin beats and cough rates were not consistently related to CO2 exposure throughout the study. Brook trout had the longest lasting reaction to stress at lower levels of CO2 among the three species tested. Many of the 11 observed behavioral variables, related to swimming, feeding, social, and illness factors, were affected by elevations of dissolved CO2. Two to seven behavioral variables (18-64% of those measured) were affected by treatment level of dissolved CO2 with a trend by species for the number of variables affected: brook trout > blacknose dace > slimy sculpin. However, behavioral sensitivity to treatment level was greatest in blacknose dace. Recovery to pre-treatment activity rates for most behavior patterns (including feeding) was observed 24 h after cessation of exposure in all three species. Recovery was independent of treatment level, was most rapid in blacknose dace, and was slowest in brook trout. Overall, slimy sculpin was least affected behaviorally by elevated CO2. Although all three species showed stress response and changes in behavior at moderate levels of CO2 (greater than or equal to 2%), brook trout and blacknose dace showed evidence of ability to avoid harmful CO2 levels by swimming out of affected waters, whereas the slimy sculpin showed minimal behavioral changes despite remaining in place during exposure. Thus,predation risk and other sources of mortality seem minimal in the event of technological malfunction at a stream treatment site involving the use of CO2 under pressure. (C) 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. RP Ross, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, Rural Route 4,Box 63, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. NR 38 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 16 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1520-4081 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL JI Environ. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 16 IS 1 BP 84 EP 95 DI 10.1002/1522-7278(2001)16:1<84::AID-TOX100>3.0.CO;2-1 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Water Resources GA 396VP UT WOS:000166657900010 PM 11345549 ER PT J AU Sheffield, SR Lochmiller, RL AF Sheffield, SR Lochmiller, RL TI Effects of field exposure to diazinon on small mammals inhabiting a semienclosed prairie grassland ecosystem. I. Ecological and reproductive effects SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE diazinon; small mammals; mesocosm; sublethal effects; terrestrial ecotoxicology ID WHITE-FOOTED MICE; COMPARATIVE TOXICITY; MICROTUS-CANICAUDUS; LABORATORY MICE; INSECTICIDE; METHYL; PESTICIDES; CHEMICALS; WILDLIFE; RODENTS AB The widespread use of cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides in the environment presents increasing concerns about their effects on human, wildlife, and ecosystem health. As a group, these pesticides are generally highly toxic and have great potential for negatively affecting nontarget organisms. Small mammals have proven to be ideal biomonitors of environmental contaminants, and were used here to test for possible effects of a widely used cholinesterase-inhibiting insecticide, diazinon, in a natural field setting. Using 12 0.1-ha terrestrial mesocosms, we examined the effects of low-level diazinon exposure on the small mammal communities inhabiting semienclosed grassland ecosystems. Our primary objective was to test the hypothesis that diazinon, applied at two different recommended label application rates, would not cause any observable adverse ecological or reproductive effects on small mammal populations and communities. Experimental small mammal communities consisting of Sigmodon hispidus, Microtus ochrogaster, Reithrodontomys fulvescens, and Mus musculus were stocked at natural densities and sex ratios inside empty mesocosms. Diazinon 4E was applied at two different maximum recommended label application rates, 0.56 kg a.i./ha (1X) and 4.5 kg a.i./ha (8x), and controls remained unsprayed, with four enclosures (replicates) per treatment. Two 30-d trials were run during peak rodent breeding seasons and enclosures were sampled on days 2, 16, and 30 of each trial. Recovery of small mammals was not significantly different among treatments, although fewer animals were recovered from the diazinon-exposed enclosures in both trials. Analysis of trapping data suggested that the normally strong competitive relationship between Sigmodon and Microtus may be altered by the pesticide, favoring Microtus in the diazinon-exposed enclosures. Incidence of reproductive condition was found to be reduced 20 to 80% and 33 to 100% in diazinon-exposed males and females, respectively. Reproductive productivity, including percentage of pregnant females and of females giving birth, was significantly reduced in diazinon-exposed animals. Percentage of pregnant females ranged from 13.6 to 43.5% in diazinon-exposed animals compared to 40 to 80% for control animals, and percentage of females giving birth ranged from 0 to 17% in diazinon-exposed animals compared to 22 to 50% for control animals. Generally, the effects found in this study suggest that diazinon was relatively persistent in the sprayed enclosures and that oral routes of exposure (consumption of dead and dying arthropods, grooming) may have been important. Ecological relationships and reproduction in both herbivorous and omnivorous mammals were negatively impacted by diazinon exposure. Overall, ecological relationships in the enclosed prairie grassland ecosystem were disrupted by diazinon, probably through a combination of sublethal effects, particularly reproductive effects, impacting individuals and their populations. This suggests that negative impacts on populations and community structure and function may persist longer than diazinon persists in the environment. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Clemson Univ, Inst Wildlife & Environm Toxicol, Dept Environm Toxicol, Pendleton, SC 29670 USA. RP Sheffield, SR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 4401 N Fairfax Dr,Suite 634, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. NR 78 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 9 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 20 IS 2 BP 284 EP 296 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2001)020<0284:EOFETD>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 396DX UT WOS:000166622000009 PM 11351428 ER PT J AU Theodorakis, CW Bickham, JW Lamb, T Medica, PA Lyne, TB AF Theodorakis, CW Bickham, JW Lamb, T Medica, PA Lyne, TB TI Integration of genotoxicity and population genetic analyses in kangaroo rats (Dipodomys merriami) exposed to radionuclide contamination at the Nevada Test Site, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE population genetics; Dipodomys merriami; chromosomal damage; nuclear weapons; Nevada Test Site ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; CONTROL-REGION; FLOW; ECOTOXICOLOGY; HOLBROOKI; SEQUENCES; ALLELES; DESERT AB We examined effects of radionuclide exposure at two atomic blast sites on kangaroo rats (Dipodomys merriami) at the Nevada Test Site, Nevada, USA, using genotoxicity and population genetic analyses. We assessed chromosome damage by micronucleus and how cytometric assays and,genetic variation by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analyses. The RAPD analysis showed no population structure, but mtDNA exhibited differentiation among and within populations. Genotoxicity effects were not observed when all individuals were analyzed. However, individuals with mtDNA haplotypes unique to the contaminated sites had greater chromosomal damage than contaminated site individuals with haplotypes shared with reference sites. When interpopulation comparisons used individuals with unique haplotypes, one contaminated site had greater levels of chromosome damage than one or both of the reference sites. We hypothesize that shared-haplotype individuals are potential migrants and that unique-haplotype individuals are potential long-term residents. A parsimony approach was used to estimate the minimum number of migration events necessary to explain the haplotype distributions on a phylogenetic tree. The observed predominance of migration events into the contaminated sites supported our migration hypothesis. We conclude the atomic blast sites are ecological sinks and that immigration masks the genotoxic effects of radiation on the resident populations. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. E Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Las Vegas, NV 89108 USA. RP Bickham, JW (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 39 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 10 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 20 IS 2 BP 317 EP 326 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2001)020<0317:IOGAPG>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 396DX UT WOS:000166622000012 PM 11351431 ER PT J AU Jones, PD Kannan, K Newsted, JL Tillitt, DE Williams, LL Giesy, JP AF Jones, PD Kannan, K Newsted, JL Tillitt, DE Williams, LL Giesy, JP TI Accumulation of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin by rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) at environmentally relevant dietary concentrations SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE dioxins; fish; accumulation; kinetics; chronic exposure ID DIBENZO-PARA-DIOXINS; OXIDASE ENZYME-INDUCTION; FATHEAD MINNOWS; CHINOOK SALMON; LAKE-MICHIGAN; BIOACCUMULATION; EGGS; BIOCONCENTRATION; DISPOSITION; TOXICITY AB Rainbow trout were fed a diet containing 1.8, 18, or 90 pg/g H-3-2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) for up to 320 d. Concentrations of TCDD were determined in muscle, liver, and ovaries at 100, 150, 200, and 250 d. Concentrations of TCDD reached an apparent steady-state concentration in liver after 100 d of exposure, whereas concentrations in other tissues continued to increase until 150 d of exposure. The greatest portion of the total mass of TCDD was present in the muscle tissue with lesser proportions in other organs. As the ovaries developed before spawning, an increase occurred in the total mass of TCDD present in this tissue. The assimilation rate of TCDD during the initial 100 d of the exposure was determined to be between 10 and 30%. This is somewhat less than estimates derived based on both uptake and elimination constants determined during shorter exposures. Biomagnification factors (BMFs) were estimated for all tissues and exposure concentrations, and at all exposure periods. Lipid-normalized BMFs for muscle ranged from 0.38 to 1.51, which is consistent with the value of 1.0 predicted from fugacity theory. Uptake and depuration rate constants were determined and used to predict individual organ TCDD concentrations. Comparison with observed values indicated that the model could be used to predict tissue concentrations from the known concentrations of TCDD in food. This model will allow more refined risk assessments by predicting TCDD concentrations in sensitive tissues such as developing eggs. C1 Michigan State Univ, Inst Environm Toxicol, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Environm Contaminants Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Jones, PD (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Inst Environm Toxicol, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM jonespa7@msu.edu RI Jones, Paul/O-2046-2015 OI Jones, Paul/0000-0002-7483-5380 NR 29 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 20 IS 2 BP 344 EP 350 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2001)020<0344:AOTPDB>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 396DX UT WOS:000166622000015 PM 11351434 ER PT J AU Warila, J Batterman, S Passino-Reader, DR AF Warila, J Batterman, S Passino-Reader, DR TI A probabilistic model for silver bioaccumulation in aquatic systems and assessment of human health risks SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE aquatic toxicology; bioaccumulation; ecological modeling; human health risk; silver ID SALMO-TRUTTA L; FRESH-WATER FISH; MUSSEL MYTILUS-EDULIS; BROWN TROUT; GAMMARUS-PULEX; TRACE-ELEMENTS; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; EQUILIBRIUM-MODEL; MARINE BIVALVES; RAINBOW-TROUT AB Silver (Ag) is discharged in wastewater effluents and is also a component in a proposed secondary water disinfectant. A steady-state model was developed to simulate bioaccumulation in aquatic biota and assess ecological and human health risks. Trophic levels included phytoplankton, invertebrates, brown trout, and common carp. Uptake routes included water, food, or sediment. Based on an extensive review of the literature, distributions were derived for most inputs for use in Monte Carlo simulations. Three scenarios represented ranges of dilution and turbidity. Compared with the limited field data available, median estimates of Ag in carp (0.07-2.1 mug/g dry weight) were 0.5 to 9 times measured values, and all measurements were within the predicted interquartile range. Median Ag concentrations in biota were ranked invertebrates > phytoplankton > trout > carp. Biotic concentrations were highest for conditions of low dilution and low turbidity. Critical variables included Ag assimilation efficiency, specific feeding rate, and the phytoplankton bioconcentration factor. Bioaccumulation of Ag seems unlikely to result in toxicity to aquatic biota and humans consuming fish. Although the highest predicted Ag concentrations in water (>200 ng/L) may pose chronic risks to early survival and development of salmonids and risks of argyria to subsistence fishers, these results occur under highly conservative conditions. C1 Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Batterman, S (reprint author), Univ Michigan, 109 Observ Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. OI Batterman, Stuart/0000-0001-9894-5325 NR 53 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 20 IS 2 BP 432 EP 441 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2001)020<0432:APMFSB>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 396DX UT WOS:000166622000026 PM 11351445 ER PT J AU Despain, DG AF Despain, DG TI Dispersal ecology of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.) in its native environment as related to Swedish forestry SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Pinus contorta Dougl.; lodgepole pine; dispersal; seed production; seed survival; seedling establishment; distribution; evolution; genetics; Sweden; forestry; invasiveness ID CONIFER SEEDLINGS; SSP LATIFOLIA; REGENERATION; MOUNTAINS; PREDATION; SUBSTRATE; COMMUNITY; OREGON; GROWTH; SEEDS AB Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.) covers extensive areas of the mountains of western Noah America. It has evolved into four subspecies, each adapted to slightly different environmental conditions. All are adapted to reproduce following fire. Subspecies latifolia is the most extensive and economically important in North America. Serotiny is common in this subspecies, but trees bearing nonserotinous cones can be found in most stands, sometimes constituting more that 70% of the trees. Cone crops are produced yearly and seed loss to seed predators, insects and diseases are minimal. Germination and establishment occurs across a broad range of conditions allowing lodgepole pine to grow on poor sites as well as highly productive sites. These characteristics give lodgepole pine the ability to be highly invasive in new areas of suitable habitat. Published by Elsevier Science. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Biol, Greater Yellowstone Field Stn, Midcontinent Ecol Res Ctr,US Geol Survey, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Despain, DG (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Biol, Greater Yellowstone Field Stn, Midcontinent Ecol Res Ctr,US Geol Survey, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM ddespain@montana.edu NR 65 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 1 PY 2001 VL 141 IS 1-2 BP 59 EP 68 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00489-8 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 399AM UT WOS:000166788700006 ER PT J AU Neymark, LA Amelin, YV Paces, JB AF Neymark, LA Amelin, YV Paces, JB TI Pb-206-Th-230-U-234-U-238 and Pb-207-U-235 geochronology of quaternary opal, Yucca Mountain, Nevada (vol 64, pg 2913, 2000) SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Correction C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Neymark, LA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr MS 963, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD FEB PY 2001 VL 65 IS 4 BP 683 EP 683 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00551-2 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 401YF UT WOS:000166956100011 ER PT J AU Iverson, RM Vallance, JW AF Iverson, RM Vallance, JW TI New views of granular mass flows SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE landslide; avalanche; debris flow; pyroclastic flow; mass movement; mechanics ID DEBRIS-FLOW; HIGH-VELOCITY; SHEAR; DEPOSITION; BEHAVIOR AB Concentrated grain-fluid mixtures in rock avalanches, debris flows, and pyroclastic flows do not behave as simple materials with fixed rheologies, Instead, rheology evolves as mixture agitation, grain concentration, and fluid-pressure change during flow initiation, transit, and deposition. Throughout a flow, however, normal forces on planes parallel to the free upper surface approximately balance the weight of the superincumbent mixture, and the Coulomb friction rule describes bulk intergranular shear stresses on such planes. Pore-fluid pressure can temporarily or Locally enhance mixture mobility by reducing Coulomb friction and transferring shear stress to the fluid phase. Initial conditions, boundary conditions, and grain comminution and sorting can influence pore-fluid pressures and cause variations in flow dynamics and deposits. C1 US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98661 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Civil Engn & Appl Mech, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. RP Iverson, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 5400 MacArthur Blvd, Vancouver, WA 98661 USA. NR 41 TC 172 Z9 176 U1 4 U2 25 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD FEB PY 2001 VL 29 IS 2 BP 115 EP 118 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0115:NVOGMF>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 399AR UT WOS:000166789100005 ER PT J AU Moore, JC Saffer, D AF Moore, JC Saffer, D TI Updip limit of the seismogenic zone beneath the accretionary prism of southwest Japan: An effect of diagenetic to low-grade metamorphic processes and increasing effective stress SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE subduction zone; accretionary prism; faults; diagenesis; fluid pressure ID SUBDUCTION THRUST; DEFORMATION; COMPLEX; EARTHQUAKES; MECHANICS; EVOLUTION; GOUGE AB Off southwest Japan the seaward limit of coseismic displacement (or updip limit of the seismogenic zone) of the 1946 M-w 8.3 thrust earthquake reaches to 4 km depth and similar to 40 km landward of the trench. This limit coincides with the estimated location of the 150 degreesC isotherm, and has been linked to changes in physical properties associated with the smectite to illite clay-mineral transition. Here we show that this limit correlates with a suite of diagenetic to low-grade metamorphic processes characterized by (1) declining fluid production and decreasing fluid pressure ratio (lambda*) and (2) active clay, carbonate, and zeolite cementation and the transition to pressure solution and quartz cementation. These diagenetic to low-grade metamorphic changes cause the onset of velocity weakening during thrust faulting, an increase in effective stress, and strengthening of the hanging wall, which together combine to produce recordable earthquakes. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Moore, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. NR 25 TC 246 Z9 250 U1 5 U2 29 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD FEB PY 2001 VL 29 IS 2 BP 183 EP 186 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0183:ULOTSZ>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 399AR UT WOS:000166789100022 ER PT J AU Pollitz, FF AF Pollitz, FF TI Remarks on the travelling wave decomposition SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE evanescent waves; normal modes; travelling waves; wave propagation ID SURFACE-WAVES; PROPAGATION; SEISMOGRAMS; SCATTERING; EARTH AB In elastic wave propagation on a spherically symmetric earth model, a normal mode sum is converted into a sum of equivalent travelling waves by means of a travelling wave decomposition (TWD). For two decades, seismologists have assumed that each travelling wave in the TWD is associated with only real phase velocities, that is, no evanescent waves travel on a spherically symmetric earth model. In this paper, this assumption is proven false. By including a countably infinite set of waves travelling as evanescent waves, several conceptual difficulties confronting the TWD are resolved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Pollitz, FF (reprint author), USGS, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 144 IS 2 BP 233 EP 246 DI 10.1046/j.1365-246x.2001.00271.x PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 410HB UT WOS:000167433600003 ER PT J AU Lucchitta, BK AF Lucchitta, BK TI Antarctic ice streams and outflow channels on mars SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ORBITER LASER ALTIMETER; BOUNDARY; FLOW AB New sonar images of the Antarctic sea floor reveal mega-scale glacial lineations that are strikingly similar to longitudinal flutes in martian outflow channels. The analogs suggest that ice moved through the martian channels in places and carved the flutes. The ice in martian channels may have moved like Antarctic ice streams on deformable debris saturated with water under high pore pressure. On Mars, water at the base of ice-filled channels may have come from residual water or melt water liberated during past warmer climates or higher heat flows. C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Lucchitta, BK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 21 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 3 BP 403 EP 406 DI 10.1029/2000GL011924 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 395LK UT WOS:000166581700001 ER PT J AU McMahon, PB AF McMahon, PB TI Aquifer/aquitard interfaces: mixing zones that enhance biogeochemical reactions SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE microbial processes; hydrochemistry; confining units ID DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON; COASTAL-PLAIN SEDIMENTS; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; BASALT AQUIFERS; ORGANIC-CARBON; GROUND-WATER; MICROBIAL RESPIRATION; SANDSTONE DIAGENESIS; ACETATE FERMENTATION; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION AB Several important biogeochemical reactions are known to occur near the interface between aquifer and aquitard sediments. These reactions include O-2 reduction; denitrification; and Fe3+, SO42-, and CO2 (methanogenesis) reduction. In some settings, these reactions occur on the aquitard side of the interface as electron accepters move from the aquifer into the electron-donor-enriched aquitard. In other settings, these reactions occur on the aquifer side of the interface as electron donors move from the aquitard into the electron-acceptor-enriched, or microorganism-enriched, aquifer. Thus, the aquifer/aquitard interface represents a mixing zone capable of supporting greater microbial activity than either hydrogeologic unit alone. The extent to which biogeochemical reactions proceed in the mixing zone and the width of the mixing zone depend on several factors, including the abundance and solubility of electron accepters and donors on either side of the interface and the rate at which electron accepters and donors react and move across the interface. Biogeochemical reactions near the aquifer/aquitard interface can have a substantial influence on the chemistry of water in aquifers and on the chemistry of sediments near the interface. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP McMahon, PB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS415, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 60 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 10 U2 26 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 9 IS 1 BP 34 EP 43 DI 10.1007/s100400000109 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 405YP UT WOS:000167188400004 ER PT J AU Pierce, BS Martirosyan, A Malkhasian, G Harutunian, S Harutunian, G AF Pierce, BS Martirosyan, A Malkhasian, G Harutunian, S Harutunian, G TI Geology, coal quality, and resources of the Antaramut-Kurtan-Dzoragukh coal field, north-central Armenia SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Armenia; cool resources; coal quality; Eocene coals AB The Antaramut-Kurtan-Dzoragukh (AKD) coal deposit is a previously unrecognized coal field in north-central Armenia. Coal has been known to exist in the general vicinity since the turn of the century, but coal was thought to be restricted to a small (1 km(2)) area only near the village of Antaramut. However, through detailed field work and exploratory drilling, this coal deposit has been expanded to at least 20 km(2), and thus renamed the Antaramut-Kurtan-Dzoragukh coal field, for the three villages that the coal field encompasses. The entire coal-bearing horizon, a series of tuffaceous sandstones, siltstones, and claystones, is approximately 50 m thick. The AKD coal field contains two coal beds, each greater than 1 m thick, and numerous small rider beds, with a total resource of approximately 31,000,000 metric tonnes. The coals art: late Eocene in age, high volatile bituminous in rank, relatively high in ash yield (approximately 40%, as-determined basis) and moderate in sulfur content (approximately 3%, as-determined basis). The two coal beds (No. 1 and No. 2), on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis, have high calorific values of 32.6 MJ/kg (7796 cal/g) and 36.0 MJ/kg (8599 cal/g), respectively. Coal is one of the few indigenous fossil fuel resources occurring in Armenia and thus, the AKD coal field could potentially provide fuel for heating and possibly energy generation in the Armenian energy budget. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Branch Coal Geol, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US Geol Survey Armenian Staff, Yerevan, Armenia. RA Minist Environm GeoEcon Sci Ctr, Yerevan, Armenia. RP Pierce, BS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Branch Coal Geol, MS 956,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 45 IS 4 BP 267 EP 279 DI 10.1016/S0166-5162(00)00039-2 PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 404UW UT WOS:000167121000004 ER PT J AU Li, ZS Moore, TA Weaver, SD Finkelman, RB AF Li, ZS Moore, TA Weaver, SD Finkelman, RB TI Crocoite: an unusual mode of occurrence for lead in coal SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE crocoite; New Zealand; coal; mineralogy; geochemistry AB What is believed to be a very unusual mode of occurrence for lead in coal has been identified as crocoite (PbCrO4). As part of a larger study on trace elements and mineralogy in the Cretaceous Main Seam in New Zealand, crocoite was found in raw coal samples within the lower part of the coal seam. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and bulk chemical data from a SEM equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray analyser (EDXA) have confirmed the identity of this mineral. This is apparently the first time that crocoite has been reported in coal. Crocoite usually occurs only in the oxidised zone of lead mineral deposits. The occurrence of this mineral in the Main Seam coal implies that the deposit was exposed to an oxidising environment at some stage, most likely after coalification. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Canterbury, Dept Geol Sci, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. CRL Energy, Christchurch, New Zealand. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP Li, ZS (reprint author), Univ Canterbury, Dept Geol Sci, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. RI Li, Zhongsheng/C-3514-2008 NR 11 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 45 IS 4 BP 289 EP 293 DI 10.1016/S0166-5162(00)00024-0 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 404UW UT WOS:000167121000006 ER PT J AU Amadei, B Savage, WZ AF Amadei, B Savage, WZ TI An analytical solution for transient flow of Bingham viscoplastic materials in rock fractures SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB We present below an analytical solution to model the one-dimensional transient flow of a Bingham viscoplastic material in a fracture with parallel walls (smooth or rough) that is subjected to an applied pressure gradient. The solution models the acceleration and the deceleration of the material as the pressure gradient changes with time. Two cases are considered: a pressure gradient applied over a finite time interval and an applied pressure gradient that is constant over time. The solution is expressed in dimensionless form and can therefore be used for a wide range of Bingham viscoplastic materials. The solution is also capable of capturing the transition that takes place in a fracture between viscoplastic flow and rigid plug flow. Also, it shows the development of a rigid central layer in fractures, the extent of which depends on the fluid properties (viscosity and yield stress), the magnitude of the pressure gradient, and the fracture aperture and surface roughness. Finally, it is shown that when a pressure gradient is applied and kept constant, the solution for the fracture flow rate converges over time to a steady-state solution that can be defined as a modified cubic law. In this case, the fracture transmissivity is found to be a non-linear function of the head gradient. This solution provides a tool for a better understanding of the flow of Bingham materials in rock fractures, interfaces, and cracks. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Engn & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80025 USA. RP Amadei, B (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Engn & Architectural Engn, Campus Box 428, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1365-1609 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 38 IS 2 BP 285 EP 296 DI 10.1016/S1365-1609(00)00080-0 PG 12 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 413TB UT WOS:000167627100010 ER PT J AU Zacheis, A Hupp, JW Ruess, RW AF Zacheis, A Hupp, JW Ruess, RW TI Effects of migratory geese on plant communities of an Alaskan salt marsh SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Canada goose; Carex ramenskii; herbivory; Plantago maritima; Potentilla egedii; snow goose; Triglochin maritimum ID LESSER SNOW GEESE; ABOVEGROUND PRIMARY PRODUCTION; PUCCINELLIA-PHRYGANODES; VERTEBRATE HERBIVORES; WETLAND VEGETATION; SHOOT DEMOGRAPHY; GROWTH-RESPONSES; COASTAL MARSH; DYNAMICS; COMPETITION AB 1 We studied the effects of lesser snow geese (Anser caerulescens caerulescens) and Canada geese (Branta canadensis) on two salt marsh plant communities in Cook Inlet, Alaska, a stopover area used during spring migration. From 1995 to 1997 we compared plant species composition and biomass on plots where geese were excluded from feeding with paired plots where foraging could occur. 2 Foraging intensity was low (650-1930 goose-days km(-2)) compared to other goose-grazing systems. 3 Canada geese fed mainly on above-ground shoots of Triglochin maritimum, Purcinella spp. and Cares ramenskii, whereas the majority of the snow goose diet consisted of below-ground tissues of Plantago maritima and Triglochin maritimum. 4 Plant communities responded differently to goose herbivory. In the sedge meadow community, where feeding was primarily on above-ground shoots, there was no effect of grazing on the dominant species Carex ramenskii and Triglochin maritimum. In the herb meadow community, where snow geese fed on Plantago maritima roots and other below-ground tissues, there was a difference in the relative abundance of plant species between treatments. Biomass of Plantago maritima and Potentilla egedii was lower on grazed plots compared with exclosed, whereas biomass of Carex ramenskii was greater on grazed plots. There was no effect of herbivory on total standing crop biomass in either community. The variable effect of herbivory on Carer ramenskii between communities suggests that plant neighbours and competitive interactions are important factors in a species' response to herbivory. In addition, the type of herbivory (above- or below-ground) was important in determining plant community response to herbivory. 5 Litter accumulation was reduced in grazed areas compared with exclosed in both communities. Trampling of the previous year's litter into the soil surface by geese incorporated more litter into soils in grazed areas. 6 This study illustrates that even light herbivore pressure can alter plant communities and affect forage availability. C1 Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Zacheis, A (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, 211 Irving, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NR 65 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 21 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-0477 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 89 IS 1 BP 57 EP 71 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2745.2001.00515.x PG 15 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 425DN UT WOS:000168273200007 ER PT J AU Ditchkoff, SS Sams, MG Lochmiller, RL Leslie, DM AF Ditchkoff, SS Sams, MG Lochmiller, RL Leslie, DM TI Utility of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 as predictors of neonatal mortality in white-tailed deer SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE cytokine; immunocompetence; interleukin-6; mortality; neonatal; Odocoileus virginianus; tumor necrosis factor-alpha; white-tailed deer ID VALDEZ OIL-SPILL; RIVER OTTERS; AGE; RESTRICTION; IL-6 AB Blood serum was collected between June 1990 and August 1992 from newborn white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fitted with radiocollars. We measured serum concentrations of immunoreactive tumor necrosis factor-alpha. (iTNF-alpha) and immunoreactive interleukin-6 (iIL-6) to relate cytokine expression to probability of mortality during the first 21 days of life. Stepwise logistic regression indicated that iTNF-alpha, hemolytic complement, gamma globulins, gamma glutamyl transferase, and mass/length(3) could predict survival of white-tailed deer during the first 21 days of life with 90.9% accuracy. Univariate logistic regression did not show a relationship between serum concentrations of iTNF-alpha or iIL-6 and probability of mortality. However, fawns that died before 21 days of age tended to have greater levels of iTNF-alpha. (688.4 +/- 168.8 pg/ml) than survivors (412.9 +/- 81.2 pg/ml). Although these data suggest that iTNF-alpha may be a useful predictor of stress, additional research is needed to understand response of cytokines to neonatal stress and mortality and to elucidate their utility as indices. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Resources Div, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Ditchkoff, SS (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MAMMALOGISTS PI PROVO PA BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV, DEPT OF ZOOLOGY, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 82 IS 1 BP 239 EP 245 DI 10.1644/1545-1542(2001)082<0239:UOTNFA>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 408CP UT WOS:000167309200024 ER PT J AU Crawford, CG AF Crawford, CG TI Factors affecting pesticide occurrence and transport in a large midwestern river basin SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE agricultural chemicals; herbicides; insecticides; nonpoint source pollution; pesticides; pollution load; stream pollution; water quality ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER; UNITED-STATES; HERBICIDES; ALACHLOR; METABOLITE; ATRAZINE; WATER AB Several factors affect the occurrence and transport of pesticides in surface waters of the 29,400 km(2) White River Basin in Indiana. A relationship was found between pesticide use and the average annual concentration of that; pesticide in the White River, although this relationship varies for different classes of pesticides. About one percent of the mass applied of each of the commonly used agricultural herbicides was transported from the basin via the White River. Peak pesticide concentrations were typically highest in late spring or early summer and were associated with periods of runoff following application. Concentrations of diazinon were higher in an urban basin than in two agricultural basins, corresponding to the common use of this insecticide on lawns and gardens in urban areas. Concentrations of atrazine, a corn herbicide widely used in the White River Basin, were higher in an agricultural basin with permeable, well-drained soils, than in an agricultural basin with less permeable, more poorly drained soils. Although use of butylate and cyanazine was comparable in the White River Basin between 1992 and 1994, concentrations in the White River of butylate, which is incorporated into soil, were substantially less than for cyanazine, which is typically applied to the soil surface. C1 US Geol Survey, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. RP Crawford, CG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 5957 Lakeside Blvd, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. OI Crawford, Charles/0000-0003-1653-7841 NR 55 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 37 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2001.tb05470.x PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 413UQ UT WOS:000167630300001 ER PT J AU Bales, JD Pope, BF AF Bales, JD Pope, BF TI Identification of changes in streamflow characteristics SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE drainage; flow variability; statistical analysis; streamflow characteristics; water management; modeling/statistics AB A set of procedures for identifying changes in selected streamflow characteristics at sites having long-term continuous streamflow records is illustrated by using streamflow data from the Waccamaw River at Freeland, North Carolina for the 55-year period of 1940-1994. Data were evaluated and compared to streamflows in the adjacent Lumber River Basin to determine if changes in streamflow characteristics in the Waccamaw River were localized and possibly the result of some human activity, or consistent with regional variations. Following 1963, droughts in the Waccamaw Basin seem to have been less severe than in the Lumber Basin, and the annual one-, seven-, and 30-day low flows exhibited a slightly increasing trend in the Waccamaw River. Mean daily flows in the Waccamaw River at the 90 percent exceedance level (low flows) during 1985-194, a relatively dry period, were very nearly equal to flows at the same exceedance level for 1970-1979, which represents the 10-year period between 1940 and 1994 with the highest flows. Prior to the 1980s, flows per unit drainage area in the Waccamaw Basin were generally less than those in the Lumber Basin, but after 1980, the opposite was true. The ratio of base flow to runoff in the Waccamaw River may have changed relative to that in the Lumber River in the late 1970s. There was greater variability in Waccamaw River streamflow than in Lumber River flow, and flow variability in the Waccamaw River may have increased slightly during 1985-1994. C1 US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. RP Bales, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3916 Sunset Ridge Rd, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 37 IS 1 BP 91 EP 104 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2001.tb05477.x PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 413UQ UT WOS:000167630300008 ER PT J AU Frescino, TS Edwards, TC Moisen, GG AF Frescino, TS Edwards, TC Moisen, GG TI Modeling spatially explicit forest structural attributes using Generalized Additive Models SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE accuracy assessment; AVHRR; forest attribute model; generalized additive model; Geogaphical Information Systems; Landsat Thematic Mapper; vegetation modelling ID CONTINUUM CONCEPT; NICHE; GRADIENT; TERRAIN; PATTERN AB We modelled forest composition and structural diversity in the Uinta Mountains, Utah, as functions of satellite spectral data and spatially-explicit environmental variables through generalized additive models. Measures of vegetation composition and structural diversity were available from existing forest inventory data. Satellite data included raw spectral data from the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) a GAP Analysis classified TM, and a vegetation index based on raw spectral data from an advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR). Environmental predictor variables included maps of temperature, precipitation. elevation, aspect, slope, and geology. Spatially-explicit predictions were generated for the presence of forest and lodgepole cover types, basal area of forest trees, percent cover of shrubs, and density of snags. The maps were validated using an independent set of field data collected from the Evanston ranger district within the Uinta Mountains. Within the Evanston ranger district, model predictions were 88% and 80% accurate for forest presence and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), respectively. An average 62% of the predictions of basal area, shrub cover, and snag density fell within a 15% deviation from the field validation values. The addition of TM spectral data and the GAP Analysis TM-classified data contributed significantly to the models' predictions, while AVHRR had less significance. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. Utah State Univ, Grad Degree Program Fisheries & Wildlife, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, USGS, Biol Resources Div, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Frescino, TS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 507 25th St, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. NR 37 TC 51 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 4 PU OPULUS PRESS UPPSALA AB PI UPPSALA PA BOX 25137, S 752 25 UPPSALA, SWEDEN SN 1100-9233 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 12 IS 1 BP 15 EP 26 DI 10.2307/3236670 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 424JT UT WOS:000168229700003 ER PT J AU Eganhouse, RP Sherblom, PM AF Eganhouse, RP Sherblom, PM TI Anthropogenic organic contaminants in the effluent of a combined sewer overflow: impact on Boston Harbor SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Boston Harbor; pollutant loadings; sewage; sediment pollution; PCBs; linear alkylbenzenes; hydrocarbons; coprostanol ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; URBAN STORMWATER RUNOFF; LINEAR ALKYLBENZENES; MOLECULAR MARKERS; SEDIMENTS; ENVIRONMENTS; SEWAGE; MASSACHUSETTS; CALIFORNIA; INDICATOR AB Effluent from a large combined sewer overflow (CSO) in Boston and receiving waters near the CSO outfall were sampled during dry and wet weather conditions. Surficial sediments were also collected from the vicinity of the CSO and at nearby sites. The samples were analyzed for a variety of organic constituents including organic carbon and nitrogen, linear alkylbenzenes (LABs), coprostanol and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). As judged by the presence of waste-specific markers (LABs, coprostanol), the CSO effluent contains sewage under both dry and wet weather conditions. When rainfall occurs, the concentration of suspended solids and all organic constituents in the particulate phase increase, ultimately approaching those characteristic of untreated sewage. The concentrations of LABs and PCBs in the effluent are strongly correlated, indicating that PCBs in the CSO are derived from sewage inputs. During heavy rainfall, the vast majority (> 90%) of the hydrophobic organic substances are associated with suspended particulate matter, whereas during dry weather, a significant fraction resides in the operationally defined 'dissolved' phase. Estimates of the mass emission rates of CSO constituents show that > 70% of the suspended particles and > 90% of the particulate organic carbon, hydrocarbons and trace organics are discharged during wet weather. Particles in the receiving water appear to be strongly influenced by the CSO effluent during wet weather. Concentrations of PCBs in surficial sediments near the CSO are correlated with those of coprostanol and the LABs, indicating that these compounds are derived from similar sources. Based on the observed correlations, approximately 60-80% of the sedimentary PCBs originate from sewage. Comparison of Sigma LAB/coprostanol ratios of effluent particles, surficial sediments and sewage sludges suggest that the vast majority of the marker compounds and the PCBs in sediments are not from the CSO, but are derived from one of two sewage treatment plants that discharged sludge into the harbor until 1991. The sludge-derived contaminants were probably carried by tidal currents into Dorchester Bay and deposited in shallow, quiescent embayments where sedimentation is favored. These results illustrate the potential importance of long-range transport of waste-derived contaminants in urban harbors and their rapid accumulation in localized depocenters. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Univ S Florida, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. RP Eganhouse, RP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 57 TC 64 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 51 IS 1 BP 51 EP 74 DI 10.1016/S0141-1136(00)00035-0 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 378FJ UT WOS:000165574100004 PM 11125703 ER PT J AU Finn, CA Sisson, TW Deszcz-Pan, M AF Finn, CA Sisson, TW Deszcz-Pan, M TI Aerogeophysical measurements of collapse-prone hydrothermally altered zones at Mount Rainier volcano SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID WASHINGTON; ROCKS AB Hydrothermally altered rocks can weaken volcanoes, increasing the potential for catastrophic sector collapses that can lead to destructive debris flows(1). Evaluating the hazards associated with such alteration is difficult because alteration has been mapped on few active volcanoes(1-4) and the distribution and severity of subsurface alteration is largely unknown on any active volcano. At Mount Rainier volcano (Washington, USA), collapses of hydrothermally altered edifice flanks have generated numerous extensive debris flows(5,6) and future collapses could threaten areas that are now densely populated(7). Preliminary geological mapping and remote-sensing data indicated that exposed alteration is contained in a dyke-controlled belt trending east-west that passes through the volcano's summit(3-5,8). But here we present helicopter-borne electromagnetic and magnetic data, combined with detailed geological mapping, to show that appreciable thicknesses of mostly buried hydrothermally altered rock lie mainly in the upper west flank of Mount Rainier. We identify this as the likely source for future large debris flows. But as negligible amounts of highly altered rock lie in the volcano's core, this might impede collapse retrogression and so limit the volumes and inundation areas of future debris flows. Our results demonstrate that high-resolution geophysical and geological observations can yield unprecedented views of the three-dimensional distribution of altered rock. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Finn, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS964,POB 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 18 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 4 PU MACMILLAN PUBLISHERS LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD FEB 1 PY 2001 VL 409 IS 6820 BP 600 EP 603 DI 10.1038/35054533 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 397JJ UT WOS:000166692300039 PM 11214315 ER PT J AU Jackson, JR Hightower, JE AF Jackson, JR Hightower, JE TI Reservoir striped bass movements and site fidelity in relation to seasonal patterns in habitat quality SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID NORTH-CAROLINA; RIVER; MODEL AB Adult striped bass Morone saxatilis perform best when water temperatures are below 26degreesC and dissolved oxygen levels are above 2 mg/L and will begin to exhibit stress responses at higher temperatures or lower oxygen levels. In southern U.S. reservoirs, summer conditions may result in a reduction of suitable habitat for adult striped bass and therefore influence population dynamics and distribution. We tracked 51 adult striped bass that had been implanted with individually coded sonic transmitters for 2 years in Lake Gaston, Virginia-North Carolina, to determine the impact of habitat availability on seasonal trends in movement and distribution. Monthly movement rates of individual fish averaged 7,340 m (SE = 544 m) over the course of the study, and no significant differences in movement rates were detected among seasons or between sexes. Striped bass were relocated throughout the reservoir in all seasons despite evidence of spatial variability in the availability of suitable habitat during the summer months. Individual striped bass tended to occupy specific reservoir areas in all seasons and years of the study, with the exception of spring spawning runs. Home ranges of individual fish were not clearly related to the availability of summer habitat refuges but tended to be located in large, downlake basins or near the tailrace of an upstream dam. Fidelity of striped bass to limited areas within the reservoir suggests that spatially explicit management strategies are appropriate for reservoir populations of striped bass. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div,N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wil, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Jackson, JR (reprint author), Cornell Biol Field Stn, 900 Shackleton Point Rd, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA. EM jrj26@cornell.edu NR 25 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 21 IS 1 BP 34 EP 45 DI 10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0034:RSBMAS>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 529FH UT WOS:000174289000004 ER PT J AU Peterson, JT Rabeni, CF AF Peterson, JT Rabeni, CF TI Evaluating the efficiency of a one-square-meter quadrat sampler for riffle-dwelling fish SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID BENTHIC STREAM FISHES; MICROHABITAT USE; SIZE; RECAPTURE; BIAS AB We evaluated the efficacy of a l-m(2) quadrat sampler for collecting riffle-dwelling fishes in an Ozark stream. We used a dual-gear approach to evaluate sampler efficiency in relation to species, fish size, and habitat variables, Quasi-likelihood regression showed sampling efficiency to differ significantly (P < 0.001) among species of four common fish families (Cyprinidae, Ictaluridae, Cottidae, and Percidae) but not among species within each family (P > 0.05). Sampling efficiency was significantly influenced by physical habitat characteristics. Mean current velocity negatively influenced sampling efficiencies for Cyprinidae (P = 0.009), Cottidae (P = 0.006), and Percidae (P < 0.001), and the amount of cobble substrate negatively influenced sampling efficiencies for Cyprinidae (P = 0.025), Ictaluridae (P < 0.001), and Percidae (P < 0.001). Water temperature negatively influenced sampling efficiency for Cyprinidae (P = 0.009) and Ictaluridae (P = 0.006). Species-richness efficiency was positively influenced (P = 0.002) by percentage of riffle sampled. Under average habitat conditions encountered in stream riffles, the l-m(2) quadrat sampler was most efficient at estimating the densities of Cyprinidae (84%) and Cottidae (80%) and least efficient for Percidae (57%) and Ictaluridae (31%). C1 Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Rabeni, CF (reprint author), Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 302 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 21 IS 1 BP 76 EP 85 DI 10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0076:ETEOAO>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 529FH UT WOS:000174289000008 ER PT J AU Nitschke, P Mather, M Juanes, F AF Nitschke, P Mather, M Juanes, F TI A comparison of length-, weight-, and age-specific fecundity relationships for cunner in Cape Cod Bay SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATE REEF FISH; TAUTOGOLABRUS-ADSPERSUS WALBAUM; RECRUITMENT; SETTLEMENT; BEHAVIOR; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; FIELD AB Understanding reproduction and recruitment is essential for the successful conservation of a species. An estimate of the fecundity of cunner Tautogolabrus adspersus is critical for assessing population dynamics and perturbation effects. In this study, we estimated length-, weight-, and actual age-specific fecundity relationships for cunner in Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts. We used the gonadosomatic index to assist with selection of mature, prespawning-size fish for estimating fecundity. We then gravimetrically estimated fecundity for 205 fish 69-185 mm in total length that were collected in May and June 1994. Quadratic models on log(10)-transformed length and weight data each explained 71% of the variance in fecundity, and age data explained 57% of the variance. In a test of age-specific fecundity precision, three age-specific models (actual age, age back-calculated from the von Bertalanffy equation, and a calculated age estimate that was expanded to include additional data) produced consistent fecundity estimates, Finally, a comparison of length-, weight-, and age-specific fecundity relationships showed few differences among the models, suggesting that the more easily obtained length-specific fecundity relationship (log(10)F = 24.954log(10)L - 5.348log(10)L(2) - 24.421; R-2 = 0.71) is appropriate for future cunncr modeling studies. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Biol Resources Div, US Geol Survey,Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wild, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Nitschke, P (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 21 IS 1 BP 86 EP 95 DI 10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0086:ACOLWA>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 529FH UT WOS:000174289000009 ER PT J AU Letcher, BH Terrick, TD AF Letcher, BH Terrick, TD TI Effects of developmental stage at stocking on growth and survival of Atlantic salmon fry SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID COMPENSATORY GROWTH; RAINBOW-TROUT; SALAR L; OTOLITHS AB Stocked fry are the primary source of fish for the restoration effort for Connecticut River Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, yet it is unknown whether there is a developmental stage at stocking that yields optimal growth and survival or whether good growth and survival can be achieved across a wide range of fry developmental stages. To evaluate the effects of developmental stage on growth and survival, we stocked otolith-marked (thermal-banding patterns) fry from four (1996) or three (1997) developmental stages (thermally delayed, nominal, thermally accelerated-fed, and thermally accelerated-unfed) into three rivers in the spring and sampled the age-0 fish in the fall. There was no difference in 1996 among delayed, nominal, or accelerated-fed developmental stage treatments in the final size or population estimate. Few fish from the accelerated-unfed treatment were recovered. Results from a laboratory starvation study suggested that fish from the accelerated-unfed treatment would die from starvation in about 4 d after release. In 1997, accelerated-fed fish were recaptured at a slightly higher rate than were fish from the delayed or nominal treatment, but final sizes did not differ among treatments, Despite differences in population estimates and sizes among rivers, there was no interaction between treatment and river in either study year, indicating that treatment effects were consistent among rivers. Our results suggest that fry from a fairly wide range of developmental stages will survive equally well and will grow to similar sizes by fall unless the fish have been accelerated without feeding. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Letcher, BH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, POB 796,1 Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 21 IS 1 BP 102 EP 110 DI 10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0102:EODSAS>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 529FH UT WOS:000174289000011 ER PT J AU Kocovsky, PM Carline, RF AF Kocovsky, PM Carline, RF TI Dynamics of the unexploited walleye population of Pymatuning Sanctuary, Pennsylvania, 1997-1998 SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM-VITREUM; WESTERN LAKE ERIE; YELLOW PERCH; ONEIDA-LAKE; NEW-YORK; REQUIREMENTS; TEMPERATURE; WISCONSIN; CANADENSE; SURVIVAL AB Studies on the dynamics of unexploited fish populations are rare in the fisheries literature. The purpose of this research was to describe the dynamics of the unexploited population of walleyes Stizostedion vitreum of Pymatuning Sanctuary, a 530-ha eutrophic impoundment in northwestern Pennsylvania. We sampled walleyes with trap nets during the spring spawning runs in March and April 1997-1998. We estimated spawning adult abundance using the Schnabel multiple mark-recapture method and used walleye ages estimated from scales and otoliths for growth and mortality analyses. Population estimates of spawning adult walleyes were 29,693 and 23,298 fish in 1997 and 1998, respectively, or 56 and 44 fish/ha. The adult population was composed mostly of individuals greater than 500 turn total length. Compared with other populations, growth was excellent for juveniles but poor for adults. Average annual adult mortality was 32-41%, which is within the range of values reported for other exploited and unexploited populations but higher than we anticipated for an unexploited population. Recruitment of young walleyes to spawning age was low and dependent largely on first-winter mortality and possibly cannibalism. This population conforms to most predictions for unexploited populations: high density, high proportion of large individuals, slow growth, and relatively low mortality. C1 Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, Merkle Lab 113, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Kocovsky, PM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, Merkle Lab 113, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 46 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 21 IS 1 BP 178 EP 187 DI 10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0178:DOTUWP>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 529FH UT WOS:000174289000018 ER PT J AU Vokoun, JC Rabeni, CF AF Vokoun, JC Rabeni, CF TI A standardized sampling protocol for channel catfish in prairie streams SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT; BIOLOGY AB Three alternative gears-an AC electrofishing raft, bankpoles, and a 15-hoop-net set-were used in a standardized manner to sample channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus in three prairie streams of varying size in three seasons. We compared these gears as to time required per sample, size selectivity, mean catch per unit effort (CPUE) among months, mean CPUE within months, effect of fluctuating stream stage, and sensitivity to population size. According to these comparisons, the 15-hoop-net set used during stable water levels in October had the most desirable characteristics. Using our catch data, we estimated the precision of CPUE and size structure by varying sample sizes for the 15-hoop-net set. We recommend that 11-15 repetitions of the 15-hoop-net set be used for most management activities. This standardized basic unit of effort will increase the precision of estimates and allow better comparisons among samples as well as increased confidence in management decisions. C1 Univ Missouri, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Rabeni, CF (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 302 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM RabeniC@missouri.edu NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 21 IS 1 BP 188 EP 197 DI 10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0188:ASSPFC>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 529FH UT WOS:000174289000019 ER PT J AU Kocovsky, PM Carline, RF AF Kocovsky, PM Carline, RF TI Influence of extreme temperatures on consumption and condition of walleyes in Pymatuning Sanctuary, Pennsylvania SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM-VITREUM; WESTERN LAKE ERIE; REQUIREMENTS; PERCIDS; HISTORY; GROWTH; SIZE AB Temperature is an important abiotic factor affecting fish population dynamics. An unfavorable thermal regimen can restrict a species' ability to thrive in its environment. We studied the effects of an unfavorable thermal regimen on the feeding, condition, and growth of an unexploited population of walleyes Stizostedion vitreum in Pymatuning Sanctuary, Pennsylvania. We used gastric lavage to sample stomach contents of walleyes captured by electrofishing during bimonthly sampling from May through October, 1997-1998. We sampled available forage by shoreline seining and recorded water temperatures using an electronic temperature monitor. To determine the effects of temperature on walleye feeding, condition, and growth, we examined relationships among water temperature, forage availability, percentage of stomachs containing food, food consumption by number and volume, and relative weight of adults. Average daily temperature and daily minimum temperature were above the thermal optimum (22degreesC) for most of the summer in both years. Adult catch-per-unit-effort, percentage of stomachs containing food, average number of food items, and volume of food consumed were all lowest during summer. Average relative weight of adults was lowest during the warmest periods of summer, and was negatively related to average temperature, as was average volume of food consumed. The thermal regimen in Pymatuning Sanctuary negatively affected adult walleye feeding activity, consumption, and condition, and was thus an important factor in structuring this population. C1 Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Kocovsky, PM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, 113 Merkle Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 27 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 21 IS 1 BP 198 EP 207 DI 10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0198:IOETOC>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 529FH UT WOS:000174289000020 ER PT J AU Pepper, PN Girard, TL Stapanian, MA AF Pepper, PN Girard, TL Stapanian, MA TI An apparatus for preparing benthic samples aboard ship SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material AB We describe a safe and effective apparatus for washing and reducing the volume of benthic samples collected by grab samplers aboard ship. The sample is transferred directly from the dredge to the apparatus and then washed with water pumped through pipes in the apparatus and from onboard hoses. Wastewater and materials smaller than 0.541 mm in diameter are washed overboard. Larger materials, including benthic organisms, collect on an upper 0.64-cm screen and on a lower 30-mm-mesh stainless steel bolt cloth. A collection jar is screwed into the bottom of the apparatus. Therefore, transfer of sample material from the apparatus to the jar is quick and easy. This apparatus has several advantages for use aboard ship over others described in the literature, especially in rough seas, in cold weather, and at night. The apparatus provides a safe and convenient platform for washing and reducing samples, and samples can be prepared while the vessel is traveling at full speed. C1 US Geol Survey, Lake Erie Biol Stn, NASA, Plumb Brook Res Ctr, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. US Geol Survey, Cheboygan, MI 49720 USA. RP Stapanian, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lake Erie Biol Stn, NASA, Plumb Brook Res Ctr, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. OI Stapanian, Martin/0000-0001-8173-4273 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 21 IS 1 BP 249 EP 252 DI 10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0249:AAFPBS>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 529FH UT WOS:000174289000026 ER PT J AU Hyatt, MW Hubert, WA AF Hyatt, MW Hubert, WA TI Proposed standard-weight equations for brook trout SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID WS EQUATION AB Weight and length data were obtained for 113 populations of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis across the species' geographic range in North America to estimate a standard-weight ( V,) equation for this species, Estimation was done by applying the regression-line-percentile technique to fish of 120-620 turn total length (TL). The proposed metric-unit (g and mm) equation is log(10)W(s) = -5.186 + 3.103 log(10)TL; the English-unit (lb and in) equivalent is log(10)W(s), = -3.483 + 3.103 log(10)TL. No systematic length bias was evident in the relative-weight values calculated from these equations. C1 Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Hubert, WA (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 10 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 21 IS 1 BP 253 EP 254 DI 10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0253:PSWEFB>2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 529FH UT WOS:000174289000027 ER PT J AU Holland, JN DeAngelis, DL AF Holland, JN DeAngelis, DL TI Population dynamics and the ecological stability of obligate pollination mutualisms SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE fruit abortion; functional response; mutualism; benefits; costs ID SEED-PARASITIC POLLINATORS; YUCCA MOTHS; GRAZING OPTIMIZATION; LOPHOCEREUS-SCHOTTII; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; ANT ASSOCIATION; UPIGA-VIRESCENS; FRUIT ABORTION; EVOLUTION; MODELS AB Mutualistic interactions almost always produce both costs and benefits for each of the interacting species. It is the difference between gross benefits and costs that determines the net benefit and the per-capita effect on each of the interacting populations. For example, the net benefit of obligate pollinators. such as yucca and senita moths, to plants is determined by the difference between the number of ovules fertilized from moth pollination and the number of ovules eaten by the pollinator's larvae. It is clear that if pollinator populations are large, then, because many eggs are laid, costs to plants are large, whereas, if pollinator populations are small, gross benefits are low due to lack of pollination. Even though the size and dynamics of the pollinator population are likely to be crucial, their importance has been neglected in the investigation of mechanisms, such as selective fruit abortion, that can limit costs and increase net benefits. Here, we suggest that both the population size and dynamics of pollinators are important in determining the net benefits to plants, and that fruit abortion can significantly affect these. We develop a model of mutualism between populations of plants and their pollinating seed-predators to explore the ecological consequences of fruit abortion on pollinator population dynamics and the net effect on plants. We demonstrate that the benefit to a plant population is unimodal as a function of pollinator abundance, relative to the abundance of flowers. Both selective abortion of fruit with eggs and random abortion of fruit, without reference to whether they have eggs or not, can limit pollinator population size. This can increase the net benefits to the plant population by limiting the number of eggs laid, if the pollination rate remains high. However, fruit abortion can possibly destabilize the pollinator population, with negative consequences for the plant population. C1 Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Univ Miami, Dept Biol, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Holland, JN (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Biol, POB 249118, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. NR 66 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 24 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD FEB PY 2001 VL 126 IS 4 BP 575 EP 586 DI 10.1007/s004420000542 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 408QL UT WOS:000167339100015 ER PT J AU Grace, JB AF Grace, JB TI The roles of community biomass and species pools in the regulation of plant diversity SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID BELOW-GROUND COMPETITION; OLD-FIELD; PRODUCTIVITY GRADIENTS; COASTAL WETLAND; STANDING CROP; RICHNESS; DENSITY; LITTER; GRASSLAND; VEGETATION AB Considerable debate has developed over the importance of community biomass and species pools in the regulation of community diversity. Attempts to explain patterns of plant diversity as a function of community biomass or productivity have been only partially successful and, in general, have explained only a fraction of the observed variation in diversity. At the same time, studies that have focused on the importance of species pools have led some to conclude that diversity is primarily regulated in the short term by the size of the species pool rather than by biotic interactions. In this paper, I explore how community biomass and species pools may work in combination to regulate diversity in herbaceous plant communities. To address this problem, I employ a simple model in which the dynamics of species richness are a function of aboveground community biomass and environmentally controlled gradients in species pools. Model results lead to two main predictions about the role of biomass regulation: (1) Seasonal dynamics of richness will tend to follow a regular oscillation, with richness rising to peak values during the early to middle portion of the growing season and then declining during the latter part of the season. (2) Seasonal dieback of aboveground tissues facilitates the long-term maintenance of high levels of richness in the community. The persistence of aboveground tissues and accumulation of litter are especially important in limiting the number of species through the suppression of recruitment. Model results also lead to two main predictions about the role of species pools: (1) The height and position of peak richness relative to community biomass will be influenced by the rate at which the species pool increases as available soil resources increase. (2) Variations in nonresource environmental factors (e.g. soil pH or soil salinity) have the potential to regulate species pools in a way that is uncorrelated with aboveground biomass. Under extreme conditions, such nonresource effects can create a unimodal envelope of biomass-richness values. Available evidence from the literature provides partial support for these predictions, though additional data are needed to provide more convincing tests. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Grace, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. NR 70 TC 62 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 35 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD FEB PY 2001 VL 92 IS 2 BP 193 EP 207 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2001.920201.x PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 412NF UT WOS:000167560700001 ER PT J AU Finn, CA Kraft, GD Sibol, MS Jones, RL Pulaski, ME AF Finn, CA Kraft, GD Sibol, MS Jones, RL Pulaski, ME TI Relocation of Wyoming mine production blasts using calibration explosions SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE joint hypocenter locations; mining seismicity; calibration; Wyoming AB An important requirement for a comprehensive seismic monitoring system is the capability to accurately locate small seismic events worldwide. Accurate event location can improve the probability of determining whether or not a small event, recorded predominantly by local and regional stations, is a nuclear explosion. For those portions of the earth where crustal velocities are not well established, reference event calibration techniques offer a method of increased locational accuracy and reduced locational bias. In this study, data from a set of mining events with good ground-truth data in the Powder River Basin region of eastern Wyoming are used to investigate the potential of event calibration techniques in the area. Results of this stud; are compared with locations published in the prototype International Data Center's Reviewed Event Bulletin (REB). A Joint Hypocenter Determination (JHD) method was applied to a set of 23 events. Four of those events with superior ground-truth control (mining company report or Global Positioning System data) were used as JHD reference events. Nineteen (83%) of the solutions converged and the resulting set of station-phase travel-tine corrections from the JHD results was then tested. When those travel-time corrections were applied individually to the four events with good ground-truth control, the average locational error reduced the original REB location error from 16.1 km to 5.7 km (65% improvement). The JHD locations indicated reduced locational bias and all of the individual error ellipses enclosed the actual known event locations. Given a set of well-recorded calibration events, it appears that the JHD methodology is a Viable technique for improving locational accuracy of future small events where the location depends on arrival times from predominantly local and/or regional stations. In this specific case? the international Association of Seismology and the Physics of the Earth's Interior (IASPEI) travel-lime tables, coupled with JHD derived travel-time corrections, may obviate the need for an accurately known regional velocity structure in the Powder River Basin region. C1 US Natl Data Ctr, ENSCO Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. RP Finn, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mid Continent Mapping Ctr, 1400 Independence Rd, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 158 IS 1-2 BP 105 EP 116 DI 10.1007/PL00001150 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 430NU UT WOS:000168580900008 ER PT J AU Kokaly, RF AF Kokaly, RF TI Investigating a physical basis for spectroscopic estimates of leaf nitrogen concentration SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID NEAR-INFRARED REFLECTANCE; CANOPY CHEMISTRY; IMAGING SPECTROMETRY; CARBON-FRACTION; FOREST; FOLIAGE; BIOCHEMISTRY; PREDICTION; QUALITY; LIGNIN AB The reflectance spectra of dried and ground plant foilage are examined for changes directly due to increasing nitrogen concentration. A broadening of the 2.1-mum absorption feature is observed as nitrogen concentration increases. The broadening is shown to arise from two absorptions at 2.054 mum and 2.172 mum. The wavelength positions of these absorptions coincide with the absorption characteristics of the nitrogen-containing amide bonds in proteins. The observed presence of these absorption features in the reflectance spectra of dried foilage is suggested to form a physical basis for high correlations established by stepwise multiple linear regression techniques between the reflectance of dry plant samples and their nitrogen concentration. The consistent change in the 2.1-mum absorption feature as nitrogen increases and the offset position of protein absorptions compared to those of other plant components together indicate that a generally applicable algorithm may be developed for spectroscopic estimates of nitrogen concentration from the reflectance spectra of dried plant foilage samples. (C) Published by Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Kokaly, RF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RI Kokaly, Raymond/A-6817-2017 OI Kokaly, Raymond/0000-0003-0276-7101 NR 32 TC 142 Z9 172 U1 4 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 75 IS 2 BP 153 EP 161 DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(00)00163-2 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 396LC UT WOS:000166637000001 ER PT J AU Blackwood, D Parolski, K AF Blackwood, D Parolski, K TI Seabed observation & sampling system SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Blackwood, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 42 IS 2 BP 39 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 408DL UT WOS:000167311200005 ER PT J AU Baehr, AL Charles, EG Baker, RJ AF Baehr, AL Charles, EG Baker, RJ TI Methyl tert-butyl ether degradation in the unsaturated zone and the relation between MTBE in the atmosphere and shallow groundwater SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ANAEROBIC BIODEGRADATION; WATER AB Atmospheric methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) concentrations in southern New Jersey generally exceeded concentrations in samples taken from the unsaturated zone. A simple unsaturated zone transport model indicates that MTBE degradation can explain the attenuation with half-lives from a few months to a couple of years. Tert-butyl alcohol (TBA), a possible degradation product of MTBE, was detected in unsaturated-zone samples at concentrations exceeding atmospheric levels at some sites, suggesting the possible conversion of MTBE to TEA. At sites where MTBE was detected in shallow groundwater, the concentration was typically higher than the overlying unsaturated-zone concentration. This observation is consistent with outgassing from the aquifer and combined with the unsaturated-zone attenuation suggests some of the MTBE detections in shallow groundwater are nonatmospheric in origin, coming from leaking tanks, road runoff, or other sources. The identification of sources of MTBE in groundwater and attenuation mechanisms through the hydrologic cycle is critical in developing an understanding of the long-term effect of MTBE releases. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. RP Baehr, AL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, 810 Bear Tavern Rd, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. NR 18 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 37 IS 2 BP 223 EP 233 DI 10.1029/2000WR900292 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 395LX UT WOS:000166582800004 ER PT J AU Constantz, J Stonestrom, D Stewart, AE Niswonger, R Smith, TR AF Constantz, J Stonestrom, D Stewart, AE Niswonger, R Smith, TR TI Analysis of streambed temperatures in ephemeral channels to determine streamflow frequency and duration SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Spatial and temporal patterns in streamflow are rarely monitored for ephemeral streams. Flashy, erosive streamflows common in ephemeral channels create a series of operational and maintenance problems, which makes it impractical to deploy a series of gaging stations along ephemeral channels. Streambed temperature is a robust and inexpensive parameter to monitor remotely, leading to the possibility of analyzing temperature patterns to estimate streamflow frequency and duration along ephemeral channels. A simulation model was utilized to examine various atmospheric and hydrological upper boundary conditions compared with a series of hypothetical temperature-monitoring depths within the streambed. Simulation results indicate that streamflow events were distinguished from changing atmospheric conditions with greater certainty using temperatures at shallow depths (e.g,, 10-20 cm) as opposed to the streambed surface. Three ephemeral streams in the American Southwest were instrumented to monitor streambed temperature for determining the accuracy of using this approach to ascertain the long-term temporal and spatial extent of streamflow along each stream channel. Streambed temperature data were collected at the surface or at shallow depth along each stream channel, using thermistors encased in waterproof, single-channel data loggers tethered to anchors in the channel. On the basis of comparisons with site information, such as direct field observations and upstream flow records, diurnal temperature variations successfully detected the presence and duration of streamflow for all sites. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV USA. Univ Nevada, Reno, NV USA. RP Constantz, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ms 496,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RI Stonestrom, David/E-9125-2011 OI Stonestrom, David/0000-0001-7883-3385 NR 10 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 37 IS 2 BP 317 EP 328 DI 10.1029/2000WR900271 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 395LX UT WOS:000166582800013 ER PT J AU Winograd, IJ AF Winograd, IJ TI Interbasin groundwater flow in south central Nevada: A further comment on the discussion between Davisson et al. [1999a, 1999b] and Thomas [1999] SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID ISOTOPE HYDROLOGY; STABLE ISOTOPES; ET-AL; RADIOCARBON C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 432, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Winograd, IJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 432, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 37 IS 2 BP 431 EP 433 DI 10.1029/2000WR900345 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 395LX UT WOS:000166582800023 ER PT J AU Whitehouse, MJ Windley, BF Stoeser, DB Al-Khirbash, S Ba-Bttat, MAO Haider, A AF Whitehouse, MJ Windley, BF Stoeser, DB Al-Khirbash, S Ba-Bttat, MAO Haider, A TI Precambrian basement character of Yemen and correlations with Saudi Arabia and Somalia SO PRECAMBRIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Pb- and Nd-isotopes; Precambrian; Yemen ID AFRICAN ISLAND ARCS; GNEISS TERRANES; CRUSTAL ACCRETION; SHIELD; EVOLUTION; CONSTRAINTS; GRANITOIDS; AGES AB The Precambrian basement of Yemen occupies a key location in the Pan-African orogen of Gondwana. This paper reviews geological, isotopic and geochronological data and presents new Pb- and Nd-isotope data which help define distinct gneiss terranes within this basement, constraining correlations of these terranes with neighbouring regions of Saudi Arabia and Somalia. Existing whole-rock Pb- and Nd-isotopic data are also summarised. These data should facilitate a more objective assessment of the contribution of the Yemen Precambrian to Cenozoic magmatism associated with the opening of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Swedish Museum Nat Hist, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Leicester, Dept Geol, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Sanaa Univ, Sanaa, Yemen. Kuwait Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Safat 13060, Kuwait. Geol Museum, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark. RP Whitehouse, MJ (reprint author), Swedish Museum Nat Hist, Box 50007, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. RI Windley, Brian/F-4837-2010; Whitehouse, Martin/E-1425-2013 OI Whitehouse, Martin/0000-0003-2227-577X NR 30 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-9268 J9 PRECAMBRIAN RES JI Precambrian Res. PD JAN 31 PY 2001 VL 105 IS 2-4 BP 357 EP 369 DI 10.1016/S0301-9268(00)00120-0 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 401LD UT WOS:000166928300015 ER PT J AU Fitzgerald, SA Klump, JV Swarzenski, PW Mackenzie, RA Richards, KD AF Fitzgerald, SA Klump, JV Swarzenski, PW Mackenzie, RA Richards, KD TI Beryllium-7 as a tracer of short-term sediment deposition and resuspension in the Fox River, Wisconsin SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GREEN-BAY; BE-7 AB Short-term (similar to monthly) sediment deposition and resuspension rates of surficial bed sediments in two PCB-laden impoundments on the Fox River, WI, were determined in the summer and fall of 1998 using Be-7, a naturally occurring radioisotope produced in the atmosphere. Decay-corrected activities and inventories of 7Be were:measured in bed sediment and in suspended particles. Beryllium-7 activities generally decreased with depth in the top 5-10 cm of sediments and ranged from undetectable to similar to0.9 pCi cm(-3). Inventories of Be-7, calculated from the sum of activities from all depths, ranged from 0.87 to 3.74 pCi cm(-2) and the values covaried between sites likely reflecting a common atmospheric input signal. Activities of 7Be did not correlate directly with rainfall. Partitioning the Be-7 flux into "new" and "residual" components indicated that net deposition was occurring most of the time during the summer. Net erosion, however, was observed at the upstream site from the final collection in the fall. This erosion event was estimated to have removed 0.10 g (cm of sediment)(-2), corresponding to similar to0.5 cm of sediment depth, and similar to6-10 kg of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) over the whole deposit. Short-term accumulation rates were up to similar to 130 times higher than the long-term rates calculated from Cs-137 profiles, suggesting an extremely dynamic sediment transport environment, even within an impounded river system. C1 US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Great Lakes Studies, Great Lakes Water Inst, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA. US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Fitzgerald, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, GSA Ctr, 651 Fed Dr, Guaynaba, PR 00965 USA. NR 18 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 15 PY 2001 VL 35 IS 2 BP 300 EP 305 DI 10.1021/es000951c PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 392BL UT WOS:000166390700008 PM 11347601 ER PT J AU Murray, JR Segall, P Cervelli, P Prescott, W Svarc, J AF Murray, JR Segall, P Cervelli, P Prescott, W Svarc, J TI Inversion of GPS data for spatially variable slip-rate on the San Andreas Fault near Parkfield, CA SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; DEFORMATION; EARTHQUAKE; SYSTEM; SHEAR; DEPTH AB We analyze GPS data collected from 1991-1998 at 35 sites near the Parkfield segment of the San Andreas Fault. Inverting the resultant site velocities for the distribution of interseismic slip-rate on the San Andreas reveals an area of low slip-rate on the fault extending from between Middle Mountain and Carr Hill to southeast of Gold Hill. This slip-rate pattern is similar to that found by Harris and Segall [1987] using trilateration data collected between 1966 and 1984. We infer a deep slip-rate (33 mm/yr) and depth of the transition between seismogenic and non-seismogenic slip (14 km) that agree better with independent geologic evidence than those found in the 1987 study. In contrast to Harris and Segall [1987], we find no evidence of fault-normal contraction. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM jrmurray@stanford.edu; segall@stanford.edu; cervelli@stanford.edu; prescott@usgs.gov; svarc@usgs.gov NR 27 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 2 BP 359 EP 362 DI 10.1029/2000GL011933 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 392MN UT WOS:000166415400042 ER PT J AU Haslinger, F Thurber, C Mandernach, M Okubo, P AF Haslinger, F Thurber, C Mandernach, M Okubo, P TI Tomographic image of P-velocity structure beneath Kilauea's East Rift Zone and South Flank: seismic evidence for a deep magma body SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; HAWAII; VOLCANO; CALIFORNIA; LOCATIONS; ISLAND; SUMMIT AB We present first results from the analysis of P-wave arrival time data recorded from November 11 to December 31, 1999, by a temporary 29-station network installed across Kilauea Volcano's East Rift Zone (ERZ) and South Flank (SF) on Hawaii, augmented by data from the permanent network of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. Starting with the inversion result for a minimum 1D velocity model, we use arrival time data from 135 local earthquakes to invert for the 3D P-velocity structure. The resulting tomographic image shows evidence for a deep magma body beneath the ERZ just east of its southward bend, and a smaller magma body at about 5 km depth beneath the WNW-ESE trending segment of the ERZ. We also observe a drastic change in velocities south of the Hilina fault system from velocities around 5.5 km/s in the west to 6.5 km/s to the east. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. RP Haslinger, F (reprint author), CTBTO, Vienna, Austria. NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 2 BP 375 EP 378 DI 10.1029/2000GL012018 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 392MN UT WOS:000166415400046 ER PT J AU Peyton, V Levin, V Park, J Brandon, M Lees, J Gordeev, E Ozerov, A AF Peyton, V Levin, V Park, J Brandon, M Lees, J Gordeev, E Ozerov, A TI Mantle flow at a slab edge: Seismic anisotropy in the Kamchatka region SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUBDUCTION ZONE; NORTHERN KAMCHATKA; ARC; TECTONICS; PLATE; BENEATH; SHEAR; MECHANISM; MAGMATISM; MODEL AB The junction of the Aleutian Island and the Kamchatka peninsula defines a sharp turn in the boundary of the Pacific and North American plates, terminating the subduction zones of the northwest Pacific. The regional pattern of shear-wave birefringence near the junction indicates that trench-parallel strain follows the seismogenic Benioff zone, but rotates to trench-normal beyond the slab edge. Asthenospheric mantle is inferred to flow around and beneath the disrupted slab edge, and may influence the shallowing dip of the Benioff zone at the Aleutian junction. C1 Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Far Eastern Branch, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski, Russia. RP Peyton, V (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Seismo Lab, Bldg 10002,Kirtland AFB E, Albuquerque, NM 87115 USA. RI Ozerov, Alexey/D-9964-2017 NR 35 TC 123 Z9 132 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 2 BP 379 EP 382 DI 10.1029/2000GL012200 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 392MN UT WOS:000166415400047 ER PT J AU Phillips, RL Grantz, A AF Phillips, RL Grantz, A TI Regional variations in provenance and abundance of ice-rafted clasts in Arctic Ocean sediments: implications for the configuration of late Quaternary oceanic and atmospheric circulation in the Arctic SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arctic Ocean; ocean currents; glacial transport; clasts; sedimentation ID SEA-ICE; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; BARENTS SEA; LATE PLEISTOCENE; CANADA BASIN; KARA SEA; MAXIMUM; DEBRIS; EXTENT; SHEETS AB The composition and distribution of ice-rafted glacial erratics in late Quaternary sediments define the major current systems of the Arctic Ocean and identify two distinct continental sources for the erratics. In the southern Amerasia basin up to 70% of the erratics are dolostones and limestones (the Amerasia suite) that originated in the carbonate-rich Paleozoic terranes of the Canadian Arctic Islands. These clasts reached the Arctic Ocean in glaciers and were ice-rafted to the core sites in the clockwise Beaufort Gyre. The concentration of erratics decreases northward by 98% along the trend of the gyre from southeastern Canada basin to Makarov basin. The concentration of erratics then triples across the Makarov basin Rank of Lomonosov Ridge and siltstone, sandstone and siliceous clasts become dominant in cores from the ridge and the Eurasia basin (the Eurasia suite). The bedrock source for the siltstone and sandstone clasts is uncertain, but bedrock distribution and the distribution of glaciation in northern Eurasia suggest the Taymyr Peninsula-Kara Sea regions. The pattern of clast distribution in the Arctic Ocean sediments and the sharp northward decrease in concentration of clasts of Canadian Arctic Island provenance in the Amerasia basin support the conclusion that the modern circulation pattern of the Arctic Ocean, with the Beaufort Gyre dominant in the Amerasia basin and the Transpolar drift dominant in the Eurasia basin, has controlled both sea-ice and glacial iceberg drift in the Arctic Ocean during interglacial intervals since at least the late Pleistocene. The abruptness of the change in both clast composition and concentration on the Makarov basin Rank of Lomonosov Ridge also suggests that the boundary between the Beaufort Gyre and the Transpolar Drift has been relatively stable during interglacials since that time. Because the Beaufort Gyre is wind-driven our data, in conjunction with the westerly directed orientation of sand dunes that formed during the last glacial maximum on the North Slope of Alaska, suggests that atmospheric circulation in the western Arctic during late Quaternary was similar to that of the present. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Phillips, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 999, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 71 TC 69 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD JAN 15 PY 2001 VL 172 IS 1-2 BP 91 EP 115 DI 10.1016/S0025-3227(00)00101-8 PG 25 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 400TR UT WOS:000166888200006 ER PT J AU Gerrard, R Stine, P Church, R Gilpin, M AF Gerrard, R Stine, P Church, R Gilpin, M TI Habitat evaluation using GIS - A case study applied to the San Joaquin Kit Fox SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Kit Fox; GIS; habitat conservation plan ID PATTERNS; ARIZONA; PREY AB Concern over the fate of plant and animal species throughout the world has accelerated over recent decades. Habitat loss is considered the main culprit in reducing many species' abundance and range, leading to numerous efforts to plan and manage habitat preservation. Our work uses Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data and modeling to define a spatially explicit analysis of habitat value, using the San Joaquin Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis mutica) of California (USA) as an example. Over the last 30 years, many field studies and surveys have enhanced our knowledge of the life history, behavior, and needs of the kit fox, which has been proposed as an umbrella or indicator species for grassland habitat in the San Joaquin Valley of California. There has yet been no attempt to convert much of this field knowledge into a model of spatial habitat value useful for planning purposes. This is a significant omission given the importance and visibility of the imperiled kit fox and increasing trends toward spatially explicit modeling and planning. In this paper we apply data from northern California to derive a small-cell GIS raster of habitat value for the kit fox that incorporates both intrinsic habitat quality and neighborhood context, as well the effects of barriers such as roads. Such a product is a useful basis for assessing the presence and amounts of good (and poor) quality habitat and for eventually constructing GIS representations of viable animal territories that could be included in future reserves. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. Calif State Univ Sacramento, USGS Biol Resources Div, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Natl Ctr Geog Informat & Anal, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Biol 0116, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Gerrard, R (reprint author), ISERA Grp, 5370 Hollister Ave 2, Santa Barbara, CA 93111 USA. NR 25 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD JAN 12 PY 2001 VL 52 IS 4 BP 239 EP 255 DI 10.1016/S0169-2046(00)00119-5 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 399TY UT WOS:000166829500003 ER PT J AU Iverson, RM Denlinger, RP AF Iverson, RM Denlinger, RP TI Flow of variably fluidized granular masses across three-dimensional terrain 1. Coulomb mixture theory SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID AVALANCHES AB Rock avalanches, debris flows, and related phenomena consist of grain-fluid mixtures that move across three-dimensional terrain. In all these phenomena the same basic forces govern motion, but differing mixture compositions, initial conditions, and boundary conditions yield varied dynamics and deposits. To predict motion of diverse grain-fluid masses from initiation to deposition, we develop a depth-averaged, three-dimensional mathematical model that accounts explicitly for solid- and fluid-phase forces and interactions. Model input consists of initial conditions, path topography, basal and internal friction angles of solid grains, viscosity of pore fluid, mixture density, and a mixture diffusivity that controls pore pressure dissipation. Because these properties are constrained by independent measurements, the model requires little or no calibration and yields readily testable predictions. In the limit of vanishing Coulomb friction due to persistent high fluid pressure the model equations describe motion of viscous floods, and in the limit of vanishing fluid stress they describe one-phase granular avalanches. Analysis of intermediate phenomena such as debris flows and pyroclastic flows requires use of the full mixture equations, which can simulate interaction of high-friction surge fronts with more-fluid debris that follows. Special numerical methods (described in the companion paper) are necessary to solve the full equations, but exact analytical solutions of simplified equations provide critical insight. An analytical solution for translational motion of a Coulomb mixture accelerating from rest and descending a uniform slope demonstrates that steady flow can occur only asymptotically. A solution for the asymptotic limit of steady flow in a rectangular channel explains why shear may be concentrated in narrow marginal bands that border a plug of translating debris. Solutions for static equilibrium of source areas describe conditions of incipient slope instability, and other static solutions show that nonuniform distributions of pore fluid pressure produce bluntly tapered vertical profiles at the margins of deposits. Simplified equations and solutions may apply in additional situations identified by a scaling analysis. Assessment of dimensionless scaling parameters also reveals that miniature laboratory experiments poorly simulate the dynamics of full-scale flows in which fluid effects are significant. Therefore large geophysical flows can exhibit dynamics not evident at laboratory scales. C1 US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98661 USA. RP Iverson, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 5400 MacArthur Blvd, Vancouver, WA 98661 USA. EM riverson@usgs.gov; roger@usgs.gov RI Namikawa, Laercio/C-5559-2013 OI Namikawa, Laercio/0000-0001-7847-1804 NR 56 TC 402 Z9 419 U1 5 U2 52 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JAN 10 PY 2001 VL 106 IS B1 BP 537 EP 552 DI 10.1029/2000JB900329 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 392UW UT WOS:000166431800007 ER PT J AU Denlinger, RP Iverson, RM AF Denlinger, RP Iverson, RM TI Flow of variably fluidized granular masses across three-dimensional terrain 2. Numerical predictions and experimental tests SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID DEBRIS FLOWS; AVALANCHES; SURFACE; RUNOUT AB Numerical solutions of the equations describing flow of variably fluidized Coulomb mixtures predict key features of dry granular avalanches and water-saturated debris flows measured in physical experiments. These features include time-dependent speeds, depths, and widths of flows as well as the geometry of resulting deposits. Three-dimensional (3-D) boundary surfaces strongly influence flow dynamics because transverse shearing and cross-stream momentum transport occur where topography obstructs or redirects motion. Consequent energy dissipation can cause local deceleration and deposition, even on steep slopes. Velocities of surge fronts and other discontinuities that develop as flows cross 3-D terrain are predicted accurately by using a Riemann solution algorithm. The algorithm employs a gravity wave speed that accounts for different intensities of lateral stress transfer in regions of extending and compressing flow and in regions with different degrees of fluidization. Field observations and experiments indicate that flows in which fluid plays a significant role typically have high-friction margins with weaker interiors partly fluidized by pore pressure. Interaction of the strong perimeter and weak interior produces relatively steep-sided, flat-topped deposits. To simulate these effects, we compute pore pressure distributions using an advection-diffusion model with enhanced diffusivity near flow margins. Although challenges remain in evaluating pore pressure distributions in diverse geophysical flows, Riemann solutions of the depth-averaged 3-D Coulomb mixture equations provide a powerful tool for interpreting and predicting flow behavior. They provide a means of modeling debris flows, rock avalanches, pyroclastic flows, and related phenomena without invoking and calibrating rheological parameters that have questionable physical significance. C1 US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98661 USA. RP Denlinger, RP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 5400 MacArthur Blvd, Vancouver, WA 98661 USA. EM roger@usgs.gov; riverson@usgs.gov RI Namikawa, Laercio/C-5559-2013 OI Namikawa, Laercio/0000-0001-7847-1804 NR 22 TC 203 Z9 210 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JAN 10 PY 2001 VL 106 IS B1 BP 553 EP 566 DI 10.1029/2000JB900330 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 392UW UT WOS:000166431800008 ER PT J AU Kaban, MK Mooney, WD AF Kaban, MK Mooney, WD TI Density structure of the lithosphere in the southwestern United States and its tectonic significance SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN SIERRA-NEVADA; UPPER MANTLE STRUCTURE; GREAT-VALLEY; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; GRAVITY; BENEATH; COMPENSATION; THICKNESS; ISOSTASY AB We calculate a density model of the lithosphere of the southwestern United States through an integrated analysis of gravity, seismic refraction, drill hole, and geological data. Deviations from the average upper mantle density are as much as +/- 3%. A comparison with tomographic images of seismic velocities indicates that a substantial part (>50%) of these density variations is due to changes in composition rather than temperature. Pronounced mass deficits are found in the upper mantle under the Basin and Range Province and the northern part of the California Coast Ranges and adjacent ocean. The density structure of the northern and central/southern Sierra Nevada is remarkably different. The central/southern part is anomalous and is characterized by a relatively light crust underlain by a higher-density upper mantle that may be associated with a cold, stalled subducted plate. High densities are also determined within the uppermost mantle beneath the central Transverse Ranges and adjoining continental slope. The average density of the crystalline crust under the Great Valley and western Sierra Nevada is estimated to be up to 200 kg m(-3) higher than the regional average, consistent with tectonic models for the obduction of oceanic crust and uppermost mantle in this region. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. Moscow Phys Earth Inst, Moscow 123810, Russia. RP Kaban, MK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. EM misha@kaban.msk.ru; mooney@usgs.gov NR 58 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JAN 10 PY 2001 VL 106 IS B1 BP 721 EP 739 DI 10.1029/2000JB900235 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 392UW UT WOS:000166431800018 ER PT J AU Bawden, GW AF Bawden, GW TI Source parameters for the 1952 Kern County earthquake, California: A joint inversion of leveling and triangulation observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; WHITE-WOLF FAULT; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; BIG BEND; DEFORMATION; STRAIN; VALLEY; SEQUENCE; RUPTURE; SLIP AB Coseismic leveling and triangulation observations are used to determine the faulting geometry and slip distribution of the July 21, 1952, M-w 7.3 Kern County earthquake on the White Wolf fault. A singular value decomposition inversion is used to assess the ability of the geodetic network to resolve slip along a multisegment fault and shows that the network is sufficient to resolve slip along the surface rupture to a depth of 10 km. Below 10 km, the network can only resolve dip slip near the fault ends. The preferred source model is a two-segment right-stepping fault with a strike of 51 degrees and a dip of 75 degrees SW. The epicentral patch has deep (6-27 km) left-lateral oblique slip, while the northeastern patch has shallow (1-12.5 km) reverse slip. There is nearly uniform reverse slip (epicentral, 1.6 m; northeast, 1.9 m), with 3.6 m of left-lateral strike slip limited to the epicentral patch. The seismic moment is M-0 = 9.2 +/- 0.5 x 10(19) N m (M-w = 7.2). The signal-to-noise ratio of the leveling and triangulation data is reduced by 96% and 49%, respectively. The slip distribution from the preferred model matches regional geomorphic features and may provide a driving mechanism for regional shortening across the Comanche thrust and structural continuity with the Scodie seismic lineament to the northeast. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Bawden, GW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. EM gbawden@usgs.gov NR 31 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JAN 10 PY 2001 VL 106 IS B1 BP 771 EP 785 DI 10.1029/2000JB900315 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 392UW UT WOS:000166431800020 ER PT B AU Lanfear, KJ AF Lanfear, KJ GP AMS AMS TI Gateway to the Earth: Opening natural science to the world SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Lanfear, KJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 605, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 160 EP 160 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500042 ER PT J AU Cryan, PM Bogan, MA Yanega, GM AF Cryan, PM Bogan, MA Yanega, GM TI Roosting habits of four bat species in the Black Hills of South Dakota SO ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA LA English DT Article DE Eptesicus fuscus; Myotis septentrionalis; M. thysanodes; M. volans; roost; opportunism; switching; fidelity ID LASIONYCTERIS NOCTIVAGANS; MYOTIS-SODALIS; SELECTION; BEHAVIOR; ECOLOGY; OREGON; SITES AB The availability of suitable roosts influences the distribution and abundance of bats. Quantifying roosting requirements is a necessary step toward effectively monitoring, managing, and conserving bats. Our objectives were to locate and characterize the natural, daytime summer roosts of Myotis septentrionalis, M, thysanodes, M. volans, and Eptesicus fuscus in the Black Hills of South Dakota, USA and compare local roosts to those used in other regions. Bats were marked with radio transmitters and followed to roosts. We successfully tracked 37 bats of four species to a total of 81 roosts. Myotis septentrionalis and E. fuscus consistently used trees, while M. thysanodes and M. volans used both trees and rock crevices. Roost trees were consistently among the largest available and were found in areas of relatively high snag densities. Maintaining forests with high snag densities and large trees will likely benefit bat populations in the Black Hills. All species switched roosts, but generally remained within small (approximate to4 km(2)) areas. Lactating M. thysanodes changed roosts together while carrying young. Fidelity to roosts and roost areas was demonstrated by bats in the Black Hills. C1 Univ New Mexico, Museum SW Biol, Arid Lands Field Stn, US Geol Survey, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Cryan, PM (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Museum SW Biol, Arid Lands Field Stn, US Geol Survey, Room 61A, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM myotis43@unm.edu OI Cryan, Paul/0000-0002-2915-8894 NR 42 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 5 U2 24 PU MUSEUM & INST ZOOLOGY PAS-POLISH ACAD SCIENCES PI WARSAW PA WILCZA STREET 64, 00-679 WARSAW, POLAND SN 1508-1109 J9 ACTA CHIROPTEROL JI Acta Chiropt. PY 2001 VL 3 IS 1 BP 43 EP 52 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 446UD UT WOS:000169531800005 ER PT J AU Corben, C Fellers, GM AF Corben, C Fellers, GM TI Choosing the 'correct' bat detector - a reply SO ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA LA English DT Article DE bat; echolocation; zero-crossing; Anabat; harmonics C1 USGS, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Point Reyes Natl Seashore, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. RP Corben, C (reprint author), POB 2323, Rohnert Pk, CA 94927 USA. NR 1 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU POLISH ACAD OF SCIENCES PI WARSAW PA MUSEUM & INST ZOOLOGY WILCZA 64, 00-679 WARSAW, POLAND SN 1508-1109 J9 ACTA CHIROPTEROL JI Acta Chiropt. PY 2001 VL 3 IS 2 BP 253 EP 256 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 507MT UT WOS:000173032800014 ER PT S AU Reynolds, PE AF Reynolds, PE BE Ballard, WB Rogers, AR TI Reproductive patterns of female muskoxen in northeastern Alaska SO ALCES 37(2) SE ALCES : NORTH AMERICAN MOOSE CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT David R Klein Honorary Symposium - A Festschrift CY MAR 31-APR 02, 2000 CL UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS, INST ARCTIC BIOL, FAIRBANKS, AK HO UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS, INST ARCTIC BIOL DE age at first reproduction; muskox; Ovibos moschatus; reproductive history; reproductive interval ID CALVING SUCCESS; BODY CONDITION; POPULATIONS; MOOSE AB Reproductive success is an important variable in the dynamics of a re-established population of muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska, USA. From observations of marked female muskoxen between 1982 and 1999, 1 generated reproductive histories based on the presence or absence of young in late June. I determined age at first reproduction and maximum age at which females successfully reproduced and calculated rates of reproduction by age class and changes in mean reproductive intervals (years between successful reproductive events) over time. Age at first reproduction ranged from 2 to 5 years. Nine of 15 females first reproduced successfully at age 3 years. Thirteen of 17 females >10 years old reproduced successfully at 11-18 years of age; 4 of these had young at age 15-18 years. Two females ceased reproducing at age 6-8 years. Age-related differences in rates of reproduction were not apparent. Reproductive intervals varied within and among individuals. By 1991-1993, most female muskoxen in this population successfully reproduced at intervals of 2-3 years. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arctic Natl Wildlife Refuge, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Reynolds, PE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arctic Natl Wildlife Refuge, 101 12th Ave,Room 236, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU LAKEHEAD UNIVERSITY BOOKSTORE PI THUNDER BAY PA THUNDER BAY, ON P7B 5EI, CANADA SN 0835-5851 J9 ALCES-N AM MOOSE CON PY 2001 VL 37 IS 2 BP 403 EP 410 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BU62W UT WOS:000176556700012 ER PT J AU Homer, BL Li, C Berry, KH Denslow, ND Jacobson, ER Sawyer, RH Williams, JE AF Homer, BL Li, C Berry, KH Denslow, ND Jacobson, ER Sawyer, RH Williams, JE TI Soluble scute proteins of healthy and ill desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID EGG-PRODUCTION; ALPHA-KERATIN; BETA-KERATIN; CALIFORNIA; EXPRESSION; FEATHER; CELLS AB Objectives-To characterize protein composition of shell scute of desert tortoises and to determine whether delectable differences could be used to identify healthy tortoises from tortoises with certain illnesses. Animals-20 desert tortoises. Procedures-Complete postmortem examinations were performed on all tortoises, Plastron scute proteins were solubilized, scute proteins were separated by use of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and proteins were analyzed, using densitometry. Two-dimensional immobilized pH gradient-PAGE (2D IPG-PAGE) and immunoblot analysis, using polyclonal antisera to chicken-feather beta keratin and to alligator-scale beta keratin, were conducted on representative samples. The 14-kd proteins were analyzed for amino acid composition. Results-The SDS-PAGE and densitometry revealed 7 distinct bands, each with a mean relative protein concentration of > 1%, ranging from 8 to 47 kd, and a major protein component of approximately 14 kd that constituted up to 75% of the scute protein. The 2D IPG-PAGE revealed additional distinct 62- and 68-kd protein bands. On immunoblot analysis, the 14-, 32-, and 45-kd proteins reacted with both antisera. The 14-kd proteins had an amino acid composition similar to that of chicken beta keratins. There was a substantial difference in the percentage of the major 14-kd proteins from scute of ill tortoises with normal appearing shells, compared with 14-kd proteins of healthy tortoises. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-The major protein components of shell scute of desert tortoises have amino acid composition and antigenic features of beta keratins. Scute protein composition may be altered in tortoises with certain systemic illnesses. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Pathobiol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Univ Florida, Ctr Biotechnol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. US Geol Survey, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Homer, BL (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Pathobiol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. NR 39 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 62 IS 1 BP 104 EP 110 DI 10.2460/ajvr.2001.62.104 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 392KG UT WOS:000166409800017 PM 11197546 ER PT J AU Chen, LY Heath, AG Neves, R AF Chen, LY Heath, AG Neves, R TI An evaluation of air and water transport of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia : Unionidae) SO AMERICAN MALACOLOGICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE unionids; transportation; stress; glycogen; glucose; mollusks; bivalves ID CLAM SCAPHARCA-INAEQUIVALVIS; ANAEROBIC METABOLISM; ENERGY-METABOLISM; MYTILUS-EDULIS; SURVIVAL; ERYTHROCYTES; EXPOSURE; CADMIUM; HYPOXIA AB To compare the stress of transportation of mussels in water versus in air, we collected in the field fifty specimens of each of five species: Elliptio complanata, Villosa iris, Fusconaia ebena, Quadrula quadrula, and Amblema plicata. We froze subsamples of each species in liquid nitrogen and the rest of the animals were divided into two groups. One group was placed in a water-filled, aerated tank and the other group was placed in coolers with wet burlap before all were transported to the laboratory. We removed a subsample of each group at 6 hr intervals up to 24 hr, and froze it in liquid nitrogen. We used changes in the concentration of glucose and glycogen in the posterior adductor muscle, gill, and mantle to estimate the stress caused by the transport and holding methods. Villosa iris was the most sensitive to the effects of transportation, particularly as reflected by glucose concentrations in the mantle and posterior adductor muscle. Glucose became elevated in both air-transported specimens of this species, but the change was significantly greater in those transported in air. V. iris is found in well aerated habitats, and previous studies have documented its greater sensitivity to reduced oxygen than most other species. The other unionids we tested tended to show significant elevations in glucose only in air-transported specimens, with the extent of increase varying with the species. Glycogen concentrations did not change significantly in any of the species during transportation in either mode. Overall, transportation in water appeared to be less stressful than in air, but for short intervals of time, it may not matter for species such as Fusconia ebena, which are relatively tolerant of oxygen lack. C1 Eastern Kentucky Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Richmond, KY 40475 USA. RP Neves, R (reprint author), Virginia Tech, US Geol Survey, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER MALACOLOGICAL SOC, INC PI WILMINGTON PA DELAWARE MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY, BOX 3937, WILMINGTON, DE 19807-0937 USA SN 0740-2783 J9 AM MALACOL BULL JI Am. Malacol. Bull. PY 2001 VL 16 IS 1-2 BP 147 EP 154 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 637ZE UT WOS:000180542900014 ER PT J AU Skagen, SK Melcher, CP Muths, E AF Skagen, SK Melcher, CP Muths, E TI The interplay of habitat change, human disturbance and species interactions in a waterbird colony SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANTS; POPULATION; MANAGEMENT; SUCCESS; BAY AB Potential responses to human disturbance at breeding colonies of waterbirds include reproductive failure, population declines and displacement from activity areas. Several additional factors, including species interactions and environmental change, can either mask or intensify the effects of human activity. This stud). highlights the importance of considering these factors in concert with breeding biology when assessing the impacts of human disturbance on wildlife. We studied the effects of a Wildlife Viewing Area (WVA) at Chatfield State Recreation Area, Colorado, on a nesting colony of great blue herons (Ardea herodias) and double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus). We stratified the colony's nest trees into near, middle and far areas relative to distances from the WVA and compared the distribution of nests, nesting and fledging: success and breeding chronology among areas 2 y before and 2 y after construction of the WVA. We also evaluate tl whether adult nest attendance patterns and chick behavior differed relative to distance from the WVA. The number of active heron nests and nest success of herons declined during the study but evidence that these declines were due solely to human disturbance is equivocal. These changes were most likely due to the interplay of habitat chang es (loss of 14 of 31 original nest trees by windfall), acquisition of heron nests by cormorants and human disturbance. We found no evidence that cormorants were adversely affected by the WVA in distribution of nests, nesting and fledging success, breeding chronology, adult nest attendance or chick behaviors. Habitat changes and adverse weather contributed to nesting failures of cormorants. C1 US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Skagen, SK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, 4512 McMurry Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 145 IS 1 BP 18 EP 28 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2001)145[0018:TIOHCH]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 397UE UT WOS:000166715100002 ER PT J AU Sovada, MA Roy, CC Telesco, DJ AF Sovada, MA Roy, CC Telesco, DJ TI Seasonal food habits of swift fox (Vulpes velox) in cropland and rangeland landscapes in western Kansas SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID NESTING SEASON; KIT FOXES; DIET; ABUNDANCE; MIDWEST; FIELDS; DAKOTA; CRP AB Food habits of swift foxes (Vulpes velox) occupying two distinct landscapes (dominated by cropland versus rangeland) in western Kansas were determined by analysis of seats collected in 1993 and 1996. Frequencies of occurrence of prey items in scats were compared between cropland and rangeland areas by season. Overall, the most frequently occurring foods of swift foxes were mammals (92% of all seats) and arthropods (87%), followed by birds (24%), carrion (23%), plants (15%) and reptiles (4%). No differences were detected between landscapes for occurrence of mammals, arthropods or carrion in any season (P greater than or equal to 0.100). Plants, specifically commercial sunflower seeds, were consumed more frequently in cropland than in rangeland in spring (P = 0.004) and fall (P = 0.001). Birds were more common in the swift fox diet in cropland than in rangeland during the fall (P = 0.008), whereas reptiles occurred more frequently ill the diet ill rangeland than ill cropland during spring (P = 0.042). Variation in the diet of the swift fox between areas was most likely due to its opportunistic foraging behavior, resulting in a diet that closely links prey use with availability. C1 US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. Kansas Dept Wildlife & Pk, Emporia, KS 66801 USA. RP Sovada, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. NR 43 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 145 IS 1 BP 101 EP 111 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2001)145[0101:SFHOSF]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 397UE UT WOS:000166715100011 ER PT J AU Mech, LD Tracy, SP AF Mech, LD Tracy, SP TI Prevalence of giant kidney worm (Dioctophyma renale) in wild mink (Mustela vison) in Minnesota SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; OLIGOCHAETE AB Of 138 wild mink (Mustela vison) from eastern Minnesota, 27% contained Dioctophyma renale, primarily in the right kidney. No significant difference between prevalence in adult male and immature male mink was found, nor between the prevalence in males vs. female mink. Thirteen worms were found ill one male mink, representing the highest documented infection intensity of a single wild mink. C1 US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Mech, LD (reprint author), N Cent Res Srn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 145 IS 1 BP 206 EP 209 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 397UE UT WOS:000166715100023 ER PT J AU Durham, WB Stern, LA AF Durham, WB Stern, LA TI Rheological properties of water ice - Applications to satellites of the outer planets SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE high-pressure phases; grain-size-sensitive creep; deformation mechanisms; brittle-to-ductile transition; Europa ID RECRYSTALLIZED GRAIN-SIZE; DYNAMIC RECRYSTALLIZATION; POLYCRYSTALLINE ICE; GALILEAN SATELLITES; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; MANTLE CONVECTION; CREEP-BEHAVIOR; CRYSTAL SIZE; STATE FLOW; AGE ICE AB The icy moons of the outer solar system have not been quiescent bodies, in part because many have a substantial water component and have experienced significant internal heating. We can begin to understand the thermal evolution of the moons and the rate of viscous relaxation of surface topography because we now have good constraints on how ice (in several of its polymorphic forms) flows under deviatoric stress at planetary conditions. Details of laboratory-derived flow laws for pure, polycrystalline ice are reviewed in detail. One of the more important questions at hand is the role of ice grain size. Grain size may be a dynamic quantity within the icy moons, and it may (or may not) significantly affect theology. One recent beneficiary of revelations about grain-size-sensitive flow is the calculation of the theological structure of Europa's outer ice shell, which may be no thicker than 20 km. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Durham, WB (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 124 TC 96 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 14 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0084-6597 J9 ANNU REV EARTH PL SC JI Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. PY 2001 VL 29 BP 295 EP 330 DI 10.1146/annurev.earth.29.1.295 PG 36 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA 434JF UT WOS:000168810800011 ER PT J AU Falgueres, C Bahain, JJ Yokoyama, Y Bischoff, JL Arsuaga, JL de Castro, JMB Carbonell, E Dolo, JM AF Falgueres, C Bahain, JJ Yokoyama, Y Bischoff, JL Arsuaga, JL de Castro, JMB Carbonell, E Dolo, JM TI U-series and ESR dating of Atapuerca Pleistocene sites: Sima de Los Huesos, Gran Dolina and Trinchera Galeria. SO ANTHROPOLOGIE LA French DT Article DE Lower and Upper Pleistocene; U-series; ESR; Atapuerca ID SIERRA-DE-ATAPUERCA; SPAIN; TD6; AGE; BURGOS; LEVEL AB The Sierra de Atapuerca, near Burgos in north-central Spain, contains several archaeological and fossiliferous deposits of major importance for European Prehistory. Most of the sites are grouped in two sectors: The Trinchera del Ferrocaril and the Cueva Mayor. The Trinchera, a railroad cut made into the Cretaceous limestone bedrock at the end of the last century, exposed several karst-fill deposits of which the most outstanding is the Gran Dolina. The karstic infilling of Gran Dolina is divided into 11 stratigraphical levels. The lower layers provided human remains associated to an archaic industry and a typical Early Pleistocene fauna. A second infilling named Galeria has also given human bones associated with animal remains and lithic artefacts including handaxes. The Cueva Mayor is a major deep cave complex with many km of galleries. Within the Cueva Mayor is the site of the Sima de los Huesos that yielded about 3,000 human remains belonging to a minimum of 32 individuals. This deposit is the most complete and important collection known in the world for the Middle Pleistocene. The dating results obtained from combined U-series and ESR methods on teeth, bones and calcite of these sites indicate a very ancient human occupation in Gran Dolina and on the other hand that fossiliferous levels of la Sima de los Huesos are dated between 200 and 300 ka. (C) 2001 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. C1 Inst Paleontol Humaine, UMR 6569 CNRS, Lab Prehist, Museum Natl Hist Nat, F-75013 Paris, France. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. Univ Complutense, Dept Palaeontol, Madrid 28040, Spain. CSIC, Museo Nacl Hist Nat, Madrid 28006, Spain. Univ Rovira & Virgili, Fac Quim & Lletres, Tarragona 43005, Spain. CEA Saclay, DAMRI LNHB, F-91193 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Falgueres, C (reprint author), Inst Paleontol Humaine, UMR 6569 CNRS, Lab Prehist, Museum Natl Hist Nat, 1 Rue Rene Panhard, F-75013 Paris, France. RI Carbonell, Eudald/G-3003-2015 NR 27 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 7 PU MASSON EDITEUR PI PARIS 06 PA 120 BLVD SAINT-GERMAIN, 75280 PARIS 06, FRANCE SN 0003-5521 J9 ANTHROPOLOGIE JI Anthropologie PD JAN-MAR PY 2001 VL 105 IS 1 BP 71 EP 81 PG 11 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA 447EP UT WOS:000169558500006 ER PT J AU Baldigo, BP Lawrence, GB AF Baldigo, BP Lawrence, GB TI Effects of stream acidification and habitat on fish populations of a North American river SO AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE acidification; aluminum; habitat; fish populations; river Neversink Catskills ID TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; BROOK TROUT; BROWN TROUT; EPISODIC ACIDIFICATION; SALMO-TRUTTA; ADIRONDACK LAKES; NEW-YORK; IN-SITU; ALUMINUM AB Water quality, physical habitat, and fisheries at sixteen reaches in the Neversink River Basin were studied during 1991-95 to identify the effects of acidic precipitation on stream-water chemistry and on selected fish-species populations, and to test the hypothesis that the degree of stream acidification affected the spatial distribution of each fish-species population. Most sites on the East Branch Neversink were strongly to severely acidified, whereas most sites on the West Branch were minimally to moderately acidified. Mean density of fish populations ranged from 0 to 2.15 fish/m(2); biomass ranged from 0 to 17.5 g/m(2). Where brook trout were present, their population density ranged from 0.04 to 1.09 fish/m(2), biomass ranged from 0.76 to 12.2 g/m(2), and condition (K) ranged from 0.94 to 1.07. Regression analyses revealed strong relations (r(2) +/- 0.41 to 0.99; p less than or equal to 0.05) between characteristics of the two most common species (brook trout and slimy sculpin) populations and mean concentrations of inorganic monomeric aluminum (Al-im), pH, Si, K+, NO3, NH4+, DOG, Ca2+ and Na+; acid neutralizing capacity (ANC); and water temperature. Stream acidification may have adversely affected fish populations at most East Branch sites, but in other parts of the Neversink River Basin these effects were masked or mitigated by other physical habitat, geochemical, and biological factors. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Baldigo, BP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. NR 44 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 13 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1015-1621 J9 AQUAT SCI JI Aquat. Sci. PY 2001 VL 63 IS 2 BP 196 EP 222 DI 10.1007/PL00001352 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 446FU UT WOS:000169502900006 ER PT J AU May, TW Wiedmeyer, RH Gober, J Larson, S AF May, TW Wiedmeyer, RH Gober, J Larson, S TI Influence of mining-related activities on concentrations of metals in water and sediment from streams of the Black Hills, South Dakota SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Water and sediment samples were collected from streams in Spearfish Creek, Whitewood Creek, and Bear Butte Creek watersheds in the Black Hills, SD, an area impacted by gold mining operations. Arsenic concentrations that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Maximum Concentration Limit of 50 mug/L for drinking water were found in water from Annie Creek, a tributary of Spearfish creek, and from Whitewood Creek. Gold Run, a tributary of Whitewood Creek, and Annie Creek contained Se concentrations in water that exceeded the EPA Ecotox threshold of 5 mug/L and were classified as a high hazard for Se accumulation from water into the planktonic food chain and for resultant toxicity to fish and aquatic birds. Concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn in sediment exceeded EPA Ecotox thresholds in one or more of the watersheds suggesting potential adverse ecological effects. Sediment from Rubicon Creek, a tributary of Spearfish Creek, contained Se concentrations high enough (4.0 mug/g) to be a moderate hazard for accumulation from sediments into the benthic food chain, with resultant dietary toxicity to fish and aquatic birds. These results are discussed in light of historical mining activities and recent clean-up and reclamation efforts. Based on the results and comparisons to Ecotox tresholds, further studies of ecological effects are warranted. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, S Dakota Field Off, Pierre, SD 57501 USA. RP May, TW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 40 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 384RC UT WOS:000165957800001 PM 11116335 ER PT J AU Besser, JM Brumbaugh, WG May, TW Church, SE Kimball, BA AF Besser, JM Brumbaugh, WG May, TW Church, SE Kimball, BA TI Bioavailability of metals in stream food webs and hazards to brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in the upper Animas River watershed, Colorado SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLARK-FORK RIVER; RAINBOW-TROUT; BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; ARKANSAS RIVER; HEAVY-METALS; RELATIVE CONTRIBUTIONS; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; AQUATIC INSECTS; BROWN TROUT AB The water quality, habitats, and biota of streams in the upper Animas River watershed of Colorado, USA, are affected by metal contamination associated with acid drainage. We determined metal concentrations in components of the food web of the Animas River and its tributaries-periphyton (aufwuchs), benthic invertebrates, and livers of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)-and evaluated pathways of metal exposure and hazards of metal toxicity to stream biota. Concentrations of the toxic metals cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in periphyton, benthic invertebrates, and trout livers from one or more sites in the upper Animas River were significantly greater than those from reference sites. Periphyton from sites downstream from mixing zones of acid and neutral waters had elevated concentrations of aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) reflecting deposition of colloidal Fe and Al oxides, and reduced algal biomass. Metal concentrations in benthic invertebrates reflected differences in feeding habits and body size among taxa, with greatest concentrations of Zn, Cu, and Cd in the small mayfly Rhithrogena, which feeds on periphyton, and greatest concentrations of Pb in the small stonefly Zapada, a detritivore. Concentrations of Zn and Pb decreased across each trophic linkage, whereas concentrations of Cu and Cd were similar across several trophic levels, suggesting that Cu and Cd were more efficiently transferred via dietary exposure. Concentrations of Cu in invertebrates and trout livers were more closely associated with impacts on trout populations and invertebrate communities than were concentrations of Zn, Cd, or Pb. Copper concentrations in livers of brook trout from the upper Animas River were substantially greater than background concentrations and approached levels associated with reduced brook trout populations in field studies and with toxic effects on other salmonids in laboratory studies. These results indicate that bioaccumulation and transfer of metals in stream food webs are significant components of metal exposure for stream biota of the upper Animas River watershed and suggest that chronic toxicity of Cu is an important factor limiting the distribution and abundance of brook trout populations in the watershed. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. US Geol Survey, Geol Div, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, W Valley, UT 84119 USA. RP Besser, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. NR 36 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 32 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 40 IS 1 BP 48 EP 59 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 384RC UT WOS:000165957800006 PM 11116340 ER PT J AU Brewer, SK Little, EE DeLonay, AJ Beauvais, SL Jones, SB Ellersieck, MR AF Brewer, SK Little, EE DeLonay, AJ Beauvais, SL Jones, SB Ellersieck, MR TI Behavioral dysfunctions correlate to altered physiology in rainbow trout (Oncorynchus mykiss) exposed to cholinesterase-inhibiting chemicals SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER FISH; BRAIN ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; SUBLETHAL TOXICITY; INSECTICIDES; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS; EXCRETION AB We selected four metrics of swimming behavior (distance swam, speed, rate of turning, and tortuosity of path) and the commonly used biochemical marker, brain cholinesterase (ChE) activity, to assess (1) the sensitivity and reliability of behavior as a potential biomarker in monitoring work, (2) the potential for these endpoints to be used in automated monitoring, and (3) the linkage between behavior and its underlying biochemistry. Malathion-exposed fish exhibited large decreases in distance and speed and swam in a more linear path than control fish after 24 h exposure. By 96 h exposure, fish still swam slower and traveled less distance; fish fully recovered after 48 h in clean water. Diazinon-exposed fish exhibited decreases in distance, speed, and turning rate compared to controls. After 48 h recovery in clean water, fish exposed to diazinon had not recovered to control levels. The behavioral responses provided measures of neurotoxicity that were easily quantifiable by automated means, implying that the inclusion of behavior in monitoring programs can be successful. Furthermore, correlations between behavior and biochemical endpoints, such as ChE inhibition, suggest that this approach can provide a meaningful link between biochemistry and behavior and can provide useful information on toxicant impacts. C1 USGS BRD, Environm Contaminants Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Little, EE (reprint author), USGS BRD, Environm Contaminants Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO USA. NR 41 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 40 IS 1 BP 70 EP 76 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 384RC UT WOS:000165957800008 PM 11116342 ER PT J AU Custer, TW Custer, CM Hines, RK Stromborg, KL Allen, PD Melancon, MJ Henshel, DS AF Custer, TW Custer, CM Hines, RK Stromborg, KL Allen, PD Melancon, MJ Henshel, DS TI Organochlorine contaminants and biomarker response in double-crested cormorants nesting in Green Bay and Lake Michigan, Wisconsin, USA SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOWER FOX RIVER; DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL RESIDUES; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; PHALACROCORAX-AURITUS; GREAT-LAKES; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION; SIBLING EMBRYOS; EGGS; CHICKS AB Double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) eggs at pipping and sibling 10-day-old chicks were collected from two colonies in Green Bay, WI, one colony in Lake Michigan, WI, and reference colonies in South Dakota and Minnesota. Egg contents and chicks were analyzed for organochlorine contaminants including polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners. Livers of embryos and chicks were assayed for hepatic microsomal ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (EROD) activity. Eggshell thickness and the physical dimensions of embryo brains were measured. Concentrations of organochlorines, including p,p'-DDE (p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene), PCBs, and PCB congeners were generally an order of magnitude higher in eggs and chicks from Wisconsin than from reference locations. Total PCBs averaged 10-13 mug/g wet weight in eggs from three Wisconsin colonies compared to 0.9 mug/g PCBs from reference locations. Double-crested cormorant chicks accumulated on average 33-66 mug PCBs/day and 7-12 mug p,p'-DDE/day in the Wisconsin colonies compared to 0 mug PCBs/day and 1 mug p,p'-DDE/day in the reference colonies. At pipping, EROD activity in the livers of cormorant embryos was significantly higher in the Wisconsin colonies and significantly correlated with PCBs and the toxic equivalents (TEQs) of aryl hydrocarbon-active PCB congeners relative to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. However, in 10-day-old chicks EROD activity was not consistently different among colonies and was not correlated with PCBs or TEQs. A significant negative relationship between embryo brain asymmetry and the size of the egg suggested that physical constraint might be an important factor influencing the response of this bioindicator. Thinner eggshells in two colonies located near Door County, Wisconsin, suggested that historic p,p'-DDE residues associated with orchards are still an important source of p,p'-DDE in the local environment. C1 US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay, WI 54311 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Custer, TW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RI Custer, Christine/H-4871-2014; OI Custer, Thomas/0000-0003-3170-6519 NR 41 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 40 IS 1 BP 89 EP 100 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 384RC UT WOS:000165957800010 PM 11116344 ER PT J AU Wainwright, SE Mora, MA Sericano, JL Thomas, P AF Wainwright, SE Mora, MA Sericano, JL Thomas, P TI Chlorinated hydrocarbons and biomarkers of exposure in wading birds and fish of the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CROAKER MICROPOGONIAS-UNDULATUS; LOWER LAGUNA-MADRE; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; BLACK SKIMMERS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SOUTH TEXAS; TOXAPHENE; TROUT; ORGANOCHLORINES; CONTAMINATION AB During 1997 we evaluated reproductive success in colonial water birds nesting in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV), Texas, and correlated success with concentrations of contaminants in eggs; We also measured steroid hormones and gonadosomatic index (GSI) as biomarkers of endocrine effects in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Nest and hedging success of green herons (Butorides virescens) and great egrets (Ardea alba) were similar to those found in other parts of North America; however, nesting success of black-crowned night-herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) was lower, very likely due to flooding of the nesting area. Except for DDE and toxaphene, all chlorinated pesticides in bird eggs were low and not of concern for negative effects on any of the three species. DDE was highest in green heron eggs and seemed to increase along a geographic gradient from west to east, with eggs from Falcon Reservoir containing low concentrations, and those at Los Indios containing the highest concentrations (approx. 11,000 ng/g WW), near or above the threshold for reproductive impairment. DDE levels in great egrets and black-crowned night-herons were below those that are associated with reproductive impairment. Mean DDE levels in carp at the JAS Farms site were above the threshold level suggested for predator protection. Toxaphene was detected in about 20% of the samples with high levels observed in green heron eggs from Los Indios (mean = 4,402 ng/g WW). These are the highest toxaphene levels reported in bird eggs in the LRGV. Toxaphene levels in fish ranged between 90 and 312 ng/g WW. In general, PCBs in bird eggs and fish tissue were low and at levels not of concern for reproductive effects. The greatest concentrations of testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone were detected in fish from the JAS Farms site, which also had the greatest concentrations of DDE. Increased androgen production and gonad development in fish at this site, relative to Pharr, could be possibly associated with endocrine disrupting effects of p,p'-DDE. DDE, toxaphene, PCBs, and hormones were highest in birds and fish from the eastern edge of the study area. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, US Geol Survey, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Geochem & Environm Res Grp, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Univ Texas, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. RP Mora, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, 1408 Mesa Rd,POB 2012, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. RI Mora, Miguel/B-1344-2009; OI Mora, Miguel/0000-0002-8393-0216 NR 69 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 EI 1432-0703 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 40 IS 1 BP 101 EP 111 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 384RC UT WOS:000165957800011 PM 11116345 ER PT J AU O'Shea, TJ Everette, AL Ellison, LE AF O'Shea, TJ Everette, AL Ellison, LE TI Cyclodiene insecticide, DDE, DDT, arsenic, and mercury contamination of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) foraging at a Colorado Superfund site SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE; FREE-TAILED BATS; ORGANOCHLORINE RESIDUES; DIELDRIN; GUANO; DEER; FOOD AB Rocky Mountain Arsenal (RMA) National Wildlife Area, near Denver, Colorado, is a Superfund site contaminated by past military and industrial uses, including pesticide manufacturing. From an ecosystem standpoint, the most critical contaminants at RMA are certain cyclodiene insecticides and metabolites, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDT, arsenic, and mercury. Bats are important ecosystem components that can be impacted by persistent contaminants because of their position in the food chain and their potential longevity and thus duration of exposure. Big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) were captured (n = 51) while foraging at RMA in the summers of 1997 and 1998 for determination of concentrations of contaminants of concern in carcasses, brains, and stomach contents. Adult females (n = 15) were also tracked by radiotelemetry to determine locations of nearest maternity roosts for sampling of guano for contaminant analysis and inspection for potential contaminant-induced mortality. Bats captured while foraging at RMA had measurable quantities of dieldrin and DDE in masticated insect samples from stomach contents and significantly higher concentrations of dieldrin, DDE, DDT, and mercury (juveniles) in carcasses than big brown bats(n = 26) sampled at a reference area 80 km to the north. Concentrations of dieldrin and DDE in brains of bats captured while foraging at RMA were also greater than in bats from the reference area, but not high enough to suggest mortality. Maximum concentrations of DDE, DDT, and cyclodienes in brains of big brown bats were found in adult males from RMA. Guano from the two closest known roosts had significantly higher concentrations of dieldrin, DDE, and mercury than guano from two roosts at the reference area. Dieldrin concentrations in carcasses of bats from RMA were highest in juveniles, followed by adult males and adult females. DDE concentrations in carcasses there lowest in adult females at both sites and highest in adult males at RMA. No contaminant-related mortality was obvious at the small maternity colonies near RMA. Big brown bats show higher contamination than most other mammals previously sampled at this site. Concentrations and proportions of samples with detectable residues of dieldrin in carcasses of big brown bats froth RMA were similar to or exceeded reports for this species from elsewhere in the United States some 25 years ago, prior to or just following restrictions on use of this-compound. C1 US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP O'Shea, TJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, 4512 McMurry Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. NR 48 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 31 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 40 IS 1 BP 112 EP 120 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 384RC UT WOS:000165957800012 PM 11116346 ER PT J AU Sharma, KD Kumar, S Gough, LP AF Sharma, KD Kumar, S Gough, LP TI Rehabilitation of gypsum-mined lands in the Indian Desert SO ARID LAND RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB The economic importance of mining in the Indian Desert is second only, to agriculture. Land disturbed by, mining, however, has only recently, been the focus of rehabilitation efforts. This research assesses the success of rehabilitation plans used to revegetate gypsum mine spoils within the environmental constraints of the northwest Indian hot-desert ecosystem. The rehabilitation plan first examined both mined and unmined areas and established assessments of existing vegetative cover and the quality, of native soils and mine spoils. Tests were made on the effect of the use, and conservation, of available water through rainwater harvesting, amendment application (for physical and chemical spoil modification), plant establishment protocols, and the selection of appropriate germ plasm. Our results show that the resulting vegetative cover is capable of perpetuating itself under natural conditions while concurrently, meeting the needs of farmers. Although the mine spoils are deficient in organic matter and phosphorus, they, possess adequate amounts of all other nutrients. Total boron concentrations (> 5.0 mg kg(-1)) in both the topsoil and mine spoil indicate potentially phytotoxie conditions. Electrical conductance of mine spoil is 6-10 times higher than for topsoil with a near-neutral pH. Populations of spoil fungi, Azotobactor, and nitrifying bacteria are low. The soil moisture storage in rainwater harvesting plots increased by 8% over the control and 48% over the unmined area. As a result of rehabilitation efforts, mine spoils show a steady, buildup in organic carbon, and P and K due to the decomposition of farmyard manure and the contribution of nitrogen fixation by, the established leguminous plant species. The rehabilitation protocol used at the site appears to have been successful. Following revegetation of the area with a mixture of trees, shrubs, and grasses, native unplanted species have become established. Species diversity,, measured in terms of species richness, increased after one year and then gradually, declined over time; the decline was the result of the loss of annual species. The stud), not only, develops methods of gypsum mine land rehabilitation but also helps in understanding processes of rehabilitation success in arid regions and emphasizes the importance Of long-term monitoring of rehabilitation success. C1 Cent Arid Zone Res Inst, Natl Resources & Environm Div, Jodhpur 342003, Rajasthan, India. US Geol Survey, Mineral Resources Program, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Sharma, KD (reprint author), Cent Res Inst Dryland Agr, Hyderabad 500059, Andhra Pradesh, India. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 1532-4982 J9 ARID LAND RES MANAG JI Arid Land Res. Manag. PD JAN-MAR PY 2001 VL 15 IS 1 BP 61 EP 76 DI 10.1080/15324980119929 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 474RB UT WOS:000171119700007 ER PT J AU Rattray, G Sievering, H AF Rattray, G Sievering, H TI Dry deposition of ammonia, nitric acid, ammonium, and nitrate to alpine tundra at Niwot Ridge, Colorado SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE nitrogen; flux; compensation point; deposition velocity; gradient method ID ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; PARTICULATE NITRATE; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; AIR; PARAMETERS; MOUNTAINS; ECOSYSTEM; FOREST AB Micrometeorological measurements and ambient air samples, analyzed for concentrations of NH3, HNO3, NH4+, and NO3-, were collected at an alpine tundra site on Niwot Ridge, Colorado. The measured concentrations were extremely low and ranged between 5 and 70 ng N m(-3). Dry deposition fluxes of these atmospheric species were calculated using the micrometeorological gradient method. The calculated mean flux for NH3 indicates a net deposition to the surface and indicates that NH3 contributed significantly to the total N deposition to the tundra during the August-September measurement period. Our pre-measurement estimate of the compensation point for NH3 in air above the tundra was 100-200 ng N m(-3) thus, a net emission of NH3 was expected given the low ambient concentrations of NH3 observed. Based on our results, however, the NH3 compensation point at this alpine tundra site appears to have been at or below about 20 ng N m(-3). Large deposition velocities ( > 2 cm s(-1)) were determined for nitrate and ammonium and may result from reactions with surface-derived aerosols. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Colorado, Ctr Environm Sci, Global Change & Environm Qual Program, Dept Environm Sci, Denver, CO 80217 USA. Univ Colorado, Ctr Environm Sci, Global Change & Environm Qual Program, Dept Geog, Denver, CO 80217 USA. US Geol Survey, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. RP Sievering, H (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Ctr Environm Sci, Global Change & Environm Qual Program, Dept Environm Sci, Campus Box 172,POB 173364, Denver, CO 80217 USA. OI Rattray, Gordon/0000-0002-1690-3218 NR 31 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PY 2001 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1105 EP 1109 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00276-4 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 406FM UT WOS:000167204300010 ER PT J AU Johnson, DH Igl, LD AF Johnson, DH Igl, LD TI Area requirements of grassland birds: A regional perspective SO AUK LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM; PASSERINE BIRDS; NORTH-DAKOTA; LANDSCAPE; PRAIRIE; POPULATIONS; FRAGMENTATION; COMMUNITIES; MANAGEMENT; ECOLOGY AB Area requirements of grassland birds have not been studied except in tall-grass prairie. We studied the relation between both species-occurrence and density and patch size by conducting 699 fixed-radius point counts of 15 bird species on 303 restored grassland areas in nine counties in four northern Great Plains states. Northern Harrier (Circus cyaneus), Sedge Wren (Cistothorus platensis), Clay-colored Sparrow (Spizella pallida), Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum), Baird's Sparrow (Ammodramus bairdii), Le Conte's Sparrow (Ammodramus leconteii), and Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) were shown to favor larger grassland patches in one or more counties. Evidence of area sensitivity was weak or ambivalent for Eastern Kingbird (Tyrannus tyrannus), Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas), Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis), and Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta). Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) preferred larger patches in some counties, and smaller patches in others. Mourning Doves (Zenaida macroura) and Brown- headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) tended to favor smaller grassland patches. Three species showed greater area sensitivity in counties where each species was more common. Five species demonstrated some spatial pattern of area sensitivity, either north to south or east to west. This study demonstrates the importance of replication in space; results from one area may not apply to others because of differences in study design, analytical methods, location relative to range of the species, and surrounding landscapes. C1 US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Johnson, DH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov OI Igl, Lawrence/0000-0003-0530-7266 NR 58 TC 131 Z9 136 U1 9 U2 49 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2001 VL 118 IS 1 BP 24 EP 34 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2001)118[0024:AROGBA]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 409TU UT WOS:000167402400004 ER PT B AU Bogan, MA AF Bogan, MA BE Vories, KC Throgmorton, D TI Western bats and mining SO BAT CONSERVATION AND MINING: A TECHNICAL INTERACTIVE FORUM, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Technical Interactive Forum on Bat Conservation and Mining CY NOV 14-16, 2000 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP US Dept Interior, Off Surface Mining, Bat Conservat Int Inc, SO Illinois Univ Carbondale, Coal Res Ctr AB In North America north of Mexico, there are 45 species of bats and 32 of these species occur west of approximately 100degreesW longitude. At least 22 of the western species are known to use abandoned mines to some extent, and all 32 species could be affected by mine-related activities. Two species are listed as Federally Endangered and another I I taxa are species of concern. As a group, bats have a low reproductive potential, and disturbance to colonies or loss of roosting or foraging habitat can depress population levels. Aspects of their natural history, roosting habitat, and foraging habitat are discussed herein and related to potential impacts of mining. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, US Geol Survey, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Bogan, MA (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, US Geol Survey, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU COAL RESEARCH CTR, SOUTHERNILLINOIS UNIV PI CARBONDALE PA 315 W GRAND, CARBONDALE, IL 62901 USA BN 1-885189-07-9 PY 2001 BP 41 EP 50 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Zoology; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BV22Q UT WOS:000178264200006 ER PT B AU Currie, RR AF Currie, RR BE Vories, KC Throgmorton, D TI Federally listed threatened and endangered species of importance to mining SO BAT CONSERVATION AND MINING: A TECHNICAL INTERACTIVE FORUM, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Technical Interactive Forum on Bat Conservation and Mining CY NOV 14-16, 2000 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP US Dept Interior, Off Surface Mining, Bat Conservat Int Inc, SO Illinois Univ Carbondale, Coal Res Ctr AB Six North American bats are listed as endangered under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended. All of these Federally listed species are dependent upon caves or abandoned mines during all or part of the year. The Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis), a species that is currently undergoing a serious population decline, uses caves or mines for hibernation. The gray bat (Myotis grisescens) is dependent upon cold caves or mines during hibernation and warm caves or mines during the summer maternity season. The Virginia big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii virginianus) is restricted to small populations in four eastern States and uses caves or mines year-round. The Ozark big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii ingens) is the rarest of the endangered bats and is dependent on caves year-round. Historically, it was found in three States: Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Missouri. It has apparently been extirpated from Missouri and only about 2,000 bats remain in Arkansas and Oklahoma. Although only one mine roost for this species is currently known, it could potentially be found in some of the abandoned mines found just south and west of its currently known distribution. The Mexican and lesser long-nosed bats (Leptonycteris nivalis and Leptonycteris curasoae yerbabuenae) are migratory non-hibernating species found in the southwestern United States and Mexico. Both species are integral components of southwestern desert ecosystems and mines provide essential roosting habitat for them. Threats to all these species include roosting and foraging habitat destruction and alteration, chemical contamination of their food supply, and human disturbance at their summer and winter roosts. Intensive disturbance of the bats at their maternity and/or hibernation caves has increased the importance of protecting and maintaining bat access to mines. Without this protection it will be difficult to meet the Service's long-term protection and recovery goals for these endangered species. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Asheville, NC USA. RP Currie, RR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Asheville, NC USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU COAL RESEARCH CTR, SOUTHERNILLINOIS UNIV PI CARBONDALE PA 315 W GRAND, CARBONDALE, IL 62901 USA BN 1-885189-07-9 PY 2001 BP 51 EP 56 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Zoology; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BV22Q UT WOS:000178264200007 ER PT B AU Flemming, DP AF Flemming, DP BE Vories, KC Throgmorton, D TI The U.S. fish and wildlife service's perspective on bats and mining SO BAT CONSERVATION AND MINING: A TECHNICAL INTERACTIVE FORUM, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Technical Interactive Forum on Bat Conservation and Mining CY NOV 14-16, 2000 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP US Dept Interior, Off Surface Mining, Bat Conservat Int Inc, SO Illinois Univ Carbondale, Coal Res Ctr AB The Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) has a vital interest in the Office of Surface Mining's (OSM) mining and abandoned mine land reclamation programs. We are charged, under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA), and other legislative mandates, such as Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA), Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act (FWCA), Clean Water Act (CWA), and National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), to protect endangered species and other trust resources (migratory birds and anadromous fish). To successfully meet this challenge, the Service must work cooperatively with OSM, other Federal agencies, State agencies that implement mining and mined land reclamation programs, and the private sector. About 40% of the bats of the United States are either listed as endangered or are of Federal concern. Bats are an integral part of naturally functioning ecosystems and their protection, conservation, and recovery must become a high priority. Most of the bats of Federal concern (listed species and species of special concern) are now dependent to some degree upon abandoned mines. New mining, renewed mining, and reclamation all have the potential to directly impact this unique group of mammals. If carefully planned and executed, these impacts can be positive or their negative effects minimized. The Service looks forward to a successful Forum on the bats and mines issue and to future cooperative efforts to protect these vulnerable species. If we are successful, the currently listed species will benefit and the threats to bats of Federal concern may be reduced to the point that adding them to the Federal list of Endangered and Threatened Species is unnecessary. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, SE Reg Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Flemming, DP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, SE Reg Off, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU COAL RESEARCH CTR, SOUTHERNILLINOIS UNIV PI CARBONDALE PA 315 W GRAND, CARBONDALE, IL 62901 USA BN 1-885189-07-9 PY 2001 BP 75 EP 77 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Zoology; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BV22Q UT WOS:000178264200012 ER PT B AU Currie, RR AF Currie, RR BE Vories, KC Throgmorton, D TI An evaluation of alternative methods for constructing bat gates at mine closures SO BAT CONSERVATION AND MINING: A TECHNICAL INTERACTIVE FORUM, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Technical Interactive Forum on Bat Conservation and Mining CY NOV 14-16, 2000 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP US Dept Interior, Off Surface Mining, Bat Conservat Int Inc, SO Illinois Univ Carbondale, Coal Res Ctr C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Asheville, NC USA. RP Currie, RR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Asheville, NC USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COAL RESEARCH CTR, SOUTHERNILLINOIS UNIV PI CARBONDALE PA 315 W GRAND, CARBONDALE, IL 62901 USA BN 1-885189-07-9 PY 2001 BP 127 EP 143 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Zoology; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BV22Q UT WOS:000178264200019 ER PT B AU Currie, RR AF Currie, RR BE Vories, KC Throgmorton, D TI An overview of the response of bats to protection efforts SO BAT CONSERVATION AND MINING: A TECHNICAL INTERACTIVE FORUM, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Technical Interactive Forum on Bat Conservation and Mining CY NOV 14-16, 2000 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP US Dept Interior, Off Surface Mining, Bat Conservat Int Inc, SO Illinois Univ Carbondale, Coal Res Ctr AB Disturbance during the hibernation and maternity seasons is a significant factor in the widespread decline of cave and mine dependent bats. Early bat protection efforts concentrated on eliminating or reducing this disturbance through the installation of informative signs and the construction of gates and fences at cave entrances. The purpose of these structures was to control human access to important roost sites. These efforts sometimes failed or were counterproductive because of our limited understanding of bat behavior and our limited appreciation of the potential effect entrance modifications can have on cave microclimates. Each species responds differently to artificial barriers at their roost sites, and we have had to modify and refine, primarily through trial and error, our protection efforts. There have been spectacular successes and equally spectacular failures in these efforts; one of the first structures erected to protect a gray bat colony resulted in the extirpation of the species from the site. Later protection efforts, tailored to the species needs, resulted in the restoration of colonies that had been extirpated from their roosts by human disturbance. A summary of our knowledge of the response of cave and mine dependent bats to protection efforts is provided. There is little information available on how many of these species respond to gates. A formal, voluntary survey of all agencies, organizations, and individuals about the success or failure of their bat cave and mine protection efforts is needed. A method of conducting this survey and how to summarize and widely distribute the results is suggested. Failure to address this problem will limit our ability to protect bats from disturbance in caves and mines and make our efforts to protect the public from the hazards of abandoned underground mines more difficult. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Asheville, NC USA. RP Currie, RR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Asheville, NC USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU COAL RESEARCH CTR, SOUTHERNILLINOIS UNIV PI CARBONDALE PA 315 W GRAND, CARBONDALE, IL 62901 USA BN 1-885189-07-9 PY 2001 BP 173 EP 185 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Zoology; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BV22Q UT WOS:000178264200024 ER PT B AU O'Shea, TJ Clark, DR Boyle, TP AF O'Shea, TJ Clark, DR Boyle, TP BE Vories, KC Throgmorton, D TI Impacts of mine-related contaminants on bats SO BAT CONSERVATION AND MINING: A TECHNICAL INTERACTIVE FORUM, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Technical Interactive Forum on Bat Conservation and Mining CY NOV 14-16, 2000 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP US Dept Interior, Off Surface Mining, Bat Conservat Int Inc, SO Illinois Univ Carbondale, Coal Res Ctr ID BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE; SACRAMENTO RIVER; CADMIUM; CALIFORNIA; DRAINAGE; WILDLIFE; INSECTS; STREAMS AB Although the impact of mining-related toxic substances on bat populations is an important conservation concern, it has not been studied intensively. We will review a few case studies in this paper and point out the potential for negative impacts of metal contamination on bat foraging habitat and insect prey. Modem gold mining operations that use cyanide extraction methods usually result in cyanide solutions stored in ponds. Small pools also are formed on heap piles. Large numbers of such mining operations have developed in the United States and abroad, and cyanide pools can be attractive to wildlife as sources of drinking water, particularly in and locations. Surveys have shown that bats are among the most numerous of mammals found dead of cyanide poisoning at these pools. This method of mining also occurs in Alaska, the Great Plains, and the southeastern United States, with mortality of bats reported in ponds in South Carolina with cyanide concentrations that were surprisingly low. Straightforward management measures are available to reduce or eliminate some of these problems. There are no direct studies of the degree to which bats are exposed to or impacted by elevated concentrations of potentially toxic elements stemming from mining activities; however, we suggest this potential is strong. One study has shown a correlation of mercury in guano deposits with regional mine production of copper. It has been demonstrated that bats accumulate metals from the food chain in areas of pollution from other industrial sources. Emergent aquatic insects can have elevated metals in areas downstream from mining sites. More than half of the species of bats in the continental United States can be characterized as at least occasionally foraging over water and on emergent aquatic insects. Documentation on mortality of bats in sludge pits associated with western oil exploration is reviewed. Exposure to harmful levels of radiation is a potential issue to bats that roost in abandoned mines. Indirect impacts of toxic substances from mining can come from spills, alkaline or acidic discharges altering emergent insect or riparian-based food supplies, lowered water tables, and other sources of contamination and pollution. Further research is needed on impacts of mine-related toxic substances on bats, including determination of exposure levels, health effects, and possible population impacts. C1 USGS, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP O'Shea, TJ (reprint author), USGS, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 21 PU COAL RESEARCH CTR, SOUTHERNILLINOIS UNIV PI CARBONDALE PA 315 W GRAND, CARBONDALE, IL 62901 USA BN 1-885189-07-9 PY 2001 BP 205 EP 215 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Zoology; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BV22Q UT WOS:000178264200028 ER PT B AU Currie, B AF Currie, B BE Vories, KC Throgmorton, D TI The US fish and wildlife service recommendations to enhance bat conservation associated with mining SO BAT CONSERVATION AND MINING: A TECHNICAL INTERACTIVE FORUM, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Technical Interactive Forum on Bat Conservation and Mining CY NOV 14-16, 2000 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP US Dept Interior, Off Surface Mining, Bat Conservat Int Inc, SO Illinois Univ Carbondale, Coal Res Ctr C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Asheville, NC USA. RP Currie, B (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Asheville, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COAL RESEARCH CTR, SOUTHERNILLINOIS UNIV PI CARBONDALE PA 315 W GRAND, CARBONDALE, IL 62901 USA BN 1-885189-07-9 PY 2001 BP 257 EP 257 PG 1 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Zoology; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BV22Q UT WOS:000178264200038 ER PT S AU Adams, NS Johnson, GE Rondorf, DW Anglea, SM Wik, T AF Adams, NS Johnson, GE Rondorf, DW Anglea, SM Wik, T BE Coutant, CC TI Biological evaluation of the behavioral guidance structure at lower granite dam on the Snake River, Washington in 1998 SO BEHAVIORAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR FISH GUIDANCE SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Fisheries-Society CY AUG 30-31, 1999 CL CHARLOTTE, NC SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON AB In 1998, a behavioral guidance structure (BGS; a steel wall 330 m long and 17-24 m deep) was installed in the forebay of Lower Granite Dam on the Snake River, Washington. The purpose of the BGS was to change the horizontal distribution of downstream migrants approaching the south half of the powerhouse (Turbines 1-3) by guiding them toward the surface bypass and collector (SBC) attached to the dam upstream of the north half of the powerhouse (Turbines 4-6). The effectiveness of the BGS was evaluated using biotelemetry and hydroacoustic techniques. The BGS was designed to be movable, thereby allowing a comparison between the horizontal distribution of the fish when the BGS was deployed as a diversion device (i.e., BGS in) and when the BGS was moved 800 m upstream of the dam and no longer influenced fish movements immediately upstream of the powerhouse (i.e., BGS out). Radio telemetry and hydroacoustic techniques showed that about 80% of the fish migrating towards Turbines 1-3 were successfully diverted north. Radio telemetry data revealed that the mean residence times of chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, hatchery steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss, and wild steelhead Oncorhynchus; mykiss were 1,6, 1.7, and 2.4 times longer, respectively, when the BGS was out compared with when it was in. And, overall, fish passage efficiency (percentage of fish passing through nonturbine routes) was significantly (P = 0.026) higher when the BGS was in (93.7%) than out (91.2%). The BGS concept appears to be valid. However, only two of the three turbines behind the BGS were functioning during the test. Additional flow behind the BGS might change its effectiveness. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Adams, NS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-24-7 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2001 VL 26 BP 145 EP 160 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BT52M UT WOS:000173243900011 ER PT S AU Savino, JF Jude, DJ Kostich, MJ AF Savino, JF Jude, DJ Kostich, MJ BE Coutant, CC TI Use of electrical barriers to deter movement of round goby SO BEHAVIORAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR FISH GUIDANCE SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Fisheries-Society CY AUG 30-31, 1999 CL CHARLOTTE, NC SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID NEOGOBIUS-MELANOSTOMUS; RAINBOW-TROUT; GREAT-LAKES; RESPONSES; SURVIVAL; MARKING; GOBIES; FISHES AB An electrical barrier was chosen as a possible means to deter movement of round goby Neogobius melanostomus. Feasibility studies in a 2.1-m donut-shaped tank determined the electrical parameters necessary to inhibit round goby from crossing the 1-m stretch of the benthic, electrical barrier. Increasing electrical pulse duration and voltage increased effectiveness of the barrier in deterring round goby movement through the barrier. Differences in activity of round goby during daytime and nocturnal tests did not change the effectiveness of the barrier. In field verification studies, an electrical barrier was placed between two blocking nets in the Shiawassee River, Michigan. The barrier consisted of a 6-m wide canvas on which were laid four cables carrying the electrical current. Seven experiments were conducted, wherein 25 latex paint,marked round goby were introduced upstream of the electrical barrier and recovered 24 h later upstream, on, and downstream of the barrier. During control studies, round goby moved across the barrier within 20 min from release upstream. With the barrier on and using the prescribed electrical settings shown to inhibit passage in the laboratory, the only marked round goby found below the barrier were dead. At reduced pulse durations, a few round goby (mean one/test) were found alive, but debilitated, below the barrier. The electrical barrier could be incorporated as part of a program in reducing movement of adult round goby through artificial connections between watersheds. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Savino, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-24-7 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2001 VL 26 BP 171 EP 182 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BT52M UT WOS:000173243900013 ER PT J AU Blossey, B Skinner, LC Taylor, J AF Blossey, B Skinner, LC Taylor, J TI Impact and management of purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) in North America SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Review DE biological control; invasions; invasive plant management; Lythrum salicaria; purple loosestrife ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENTS; WEEVIL HYLOBIUS-TRANSVERSOVITTATUS; 2 LEAF-BEETLES; GALERUCELLA-CALMARIENSIS; HOST-SPECIFICITY; G-PUSILLA; COLEOPTERA-CHRYSOMELIDAE; WEED-CONTROL; PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE; ENVIRONMENTAL-IMPACT AB The invasion of non-indigenous plants is considered a primary threat to integrity and function of ecosystems. However, there is little quantitative or experimental evidence for ecosystem impacts of invasive species. Justifications for control are often based on potential, but not presently realized, recognized or quantified, negative impacts. Should lack of scientific certainty about impacts of non-indigenous species result in postponing measures to prevent degradation ? Recently, management of purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria), has been criticized for (1) lack of evidence demonstrating negative impacts of L. salicaria, and (2) management using biocontrol for lack of evidence documenting the failure of conventional control methods. Although little quantitative evidence on negative impacts on native wetland biota and wetland function was available at the onset of the control program in 1985, recent work has demonstrated that the invasion of purple loosestrife into North American freshwater wetlands alters decomposition rates and nutrient cycling, leads to reductions in wetland plant diversity, reduces pollination and seed output of the native Lythrum alatum, and reduces habitat suitability for specialized wetland bird species such as black terns, least bitterns, pied-billed grebes, and marsh wrens. Conventional methods (physical, mechanical or chemical), have continuously failed to curb the spread of purple loosestrife or to provide satisfactory control. Although a number of generalist insect and bird species utilize purple loosestrife, wetland habitat specialists are excluded by encroachment of L. salicaria. We conclude that (1) negative ecosystem impacts of purple loosestrife in North America justify control of the species and that (2) detrimental effects of purple loosestrife on wetland systems and biota and the potential benefits of control outweigh potential risks associated with the introduction of biocontrol agents. Long-term experiments and monitoring programs that are in place will evaluate the impact of these insects on purple loosestrife, on wetland plant succession and other wetland biota. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Ecol Serv, St Paul, MN 55146 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Newington, NH 03801 USA. RP Blossey, B (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM bb22@cornell.edu NR 111 TC 118 Z9 128 U1 17 U2 141 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 EI 1572-9710 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PY 2001 VL 10 IS 10 BP 1787 EP 1807 DI 10.1023/A:1012065703604 PG 21 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 481RP UT WOS:000171533900010 ER PT J AU Lafferty, KD AF Lafferty, KD TI Birds at a Southern California beach: seasonality, habitat use and disturbance by human activity SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE beach; birds; disturbance; dogs; recreation; shorebirds ID PLOVER CHARADRIUS-MELODUS; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; SHOREBIRDS; COASTAL AB Use of a Santa Barbara beach by people and birds varied in both time and space. There were 100 birds, 18 people and 2 dogs per kilometer. Bird density varied primarily with the season and tide while human activity varied most between weekend and weekday. Bird distributions along the beach were determined mainly by habitat type (particularly a lagoon and exposed rocky intertidal areas) For crows and western gulls, there was some evidence that access to urban refuse increased abundance. Interactions between birds and people often caused birds to move or fly away, particularly when people were within 20 m. During a short observation period, 10% of humans and 39% of dogs disturbed birds. More than 70% of birds flew when disturbed. Bird species varied in the frequency that they were disturbed, partially because a few bird species foraged on the upper beach where contact with people was less frequent. Most disturbances occurred low on the beach. Although disturbances caused birds to move away from humans, most displacement was short enough that variation in human activity did not alter large-scale patterns of beach use by the birds. Birds were less reactive to humans (but not dogs) when beach activity was low. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Lafferty, KD (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593 NR 26 TC 36 Z9 42 U1 5 U2 37 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PY 2001 VL 10 IS 11 BP 1949 EP 1962 DI 10.1023/A:1013195504810 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 499VC UT WOS:000172590200009 ER PT J AU Corser, JD AF Corser, JD TI Decline of disjunct green salamander (Aneides aeneus) populations in the southern Appalachians SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE amphibian declines; Aneides aeneus; metapopulations; plethodontid salamanders; population monitoring ID RAIN-FOREST FROGS; AMPHIBIAN DECLINES; NATURAL FLUCTUATIONS; TROPICAL MOUNTAIN; CLIMATE-CHANGE; POWER ANALYSIS; HUMAN IMPACTS; GOLDEN TOAD; PERSPECTIVE; EXTINCTION AB Coincident with other amphibians around the world Aneides aeneus, a terrestrial plethodontid salamander, suffered a population collapse in a disjunct portion of its range in the mid-late 1970s. Long-term monitoring of seven historical green salamander populations throughout the 1990s showed a 98% decline in relative abundance since 1970. Three out of six populations first discovered in 1991 also crashed in 1996-1997. The synchronized suddenness of the declines, their region-wide impact, and effects on both small and larger populations, suggest the role of a novel agent of mortality beginning in the mid-late 1970s. Acting alone, but more likely in concert, habitat loss, overcollecting, epidemic disease and climate change could account for this region-wide decline. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Twin Creeks Nat Resources Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Gatlinburg, TN 37738 USA. RP Corser, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Twin Creeks Nat Resources Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Great Smoky Mt Natl Pk,1314 Cherokee Orchard Rd, Gatlinburg, TN 37738 USA. NR 60 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 5 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 97 IS 1 BP 119 EP 126 DI 10.1016/S0006-3207(00)00106-3 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 380PC UT WOS:000165709400011 ER PT J AU Thompson, JN Reichman, OJ Morin, PJ Polis, GA Power, ME Sterner, RW Couch, CA Gough, L Holt, R Hooper, DU Keesing, F Lovell, CR Milne, BT Molles, MC Roberts, DW Strauss, SY AF Thompson, JN Reichman, OJ Morin, PJ Polis, GA Power, ME Sterner, RW Couch, CA Gough, L Holt, R Hooper, DU Keesing, F Lovell, CR Milne, BT Molles, MC Roberts, DW Strauss, SY TI Frontiers of ecology SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; RAPID EVOLUTION; BIODIVERSITY; DIVERSITY; INVASIBILITY; COMMUNITIES; DYNAMICS; EXAMPLE; GUILDS; TOOLS C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Natl Ctr Ecol Anal Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Cook Coll, Dept Ecol Evolut & Nat Resources, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Norcross, GA 30360 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Univ Kansas, Museum Nat Hist, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Western Washington Univ, Dept Biol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. Bard Coll, Dept Biol, Annandale on Hudson, NY 12504 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sect Evolut & Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Thompson, JN (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM thompson@biology.ucsc.edu RI Couch, Carol/E-8737-2011; Strauss, Sharon /J-1827-2012; OI Strauss, Sharon/0000-0002-6117-4085 NR 48 TC 99 Z9 108 U1 1 U2 47 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JAN PY 2001 VL 51 IS 1 BP 15 EP 24 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0015:FOE]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 409VJ UT WOS:000167406100006 ER PT J AU Rouvier, H Henry, B Macquar, JC Leach, DL Le Goff, M Thibieroz, J Lewchuk, MT AF Rouvier, H Henry, B Macquar, JC Leach, DL Le Goff, M Thibieroz, J Lewchuk, MT TI Regional remagnetization, fluids migration and mineralization on the Cevennes border SO BULLETIN DE LA SOCIETE GEOLOGIQUE DE FRANCE LA French DT Article DE paleomagnetism; remagnetization; "MVT" mineralization; Cevennes; Early and Middle Eocene ID STRATABOUND ORE-DEPOSITS; DE-LA-FRANCE; THEORETICAL-ANALYSIS; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; ORGANIC-MATTER; CLAY-MINERALS; PINE-POINT; RB-SR; U-PB; BASIN AB Widespread remagnetization has been identified in fold belts and forelands inboard of mountain ranges and has usually been interpreted as resulting from fluid migration related to orogenesis in these mountain ranges. The geochemical properties of these fluids should be compatible with the formation or the transformation of ferrimagnetic minerals, thus allowing acquisition of remanent magnetization during fluid migration. Carbonate hosted lead-zinc barite and fluorite) mineralization of the Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) are also generally considered to have formed during the migration of enormous volumes of fluids and are commonly located in foreland fold belts or their forelands. This suggests a similar origin for widespread carbonate remagnetization and MVT mineralization. The paleomagnetic dating of MVT deposits has been successfully applied in MVT districts, mainly of North America. Thus, it was used for the MVT deposits hosted by Mesozoic carbonate rocks of the Cevennes region of southern France. In view of the structurally complexity in the region, and because the results presented here are intended to provide an initial reference direction on which further results can be based, only sites belonging to the most stable parts of this border are considered here. Most samples were collected from three surface sites in the area of the Largentiere mine and from independently oriented cores of the two deep boreholes (Balazuc and Morte-Merie) from the Geologie Profonde de la France program. Several samples were also collected from three sites around the area of the Saint Felix-de-Pallieres mine. All these samples come from different stratigraphic levels : Carboniferous, Permian, Triassic, Liassic and Middle Jurassic. Geological setting (fig. 1). - The Cevennes area is a N020 striking horst comprised of Proterozoic to Silurian formations and that is surrounded by two Mesozoic sedimentary basins. To the west and south of the Cevennes horst is the small Causses basin that contains in the center of the basin, about 2 000 in of Triassic to Upper Jurassic formations that are mainly carbonates. To the east, the Southeast French basin contains 8 000 to 9 000 in of Triassic to Cretaceous formations, mainly shales and carbonates. The major faults that strike N020-040 and N090-135 cut the rocks of the Cevennes area and define the boundaries of the Cevennes horst. These faults formed mostly during the Upper Carboniferous or Permian and have been reactivated several times. From the Triassic to the end of the Middle Jurassic, the faults that mainly strike N020-040, were active during extension that resulted in the formation of the Cevennes horst. The Cevennes horst formed as a large asymmetrical N020 striking ridge that resulted from the westward tilting of a basement fault block. During the Cretaceous and perhaps part of the Eocene, the N020-040 faults were again reactivated which produced the large elevated area, " Haut fond occitan ", located between the Aquitaine and southeast basins. The N090-135 faults were again reactivated and displaced rocks of the horst and graben in the elevated area. Later, but before the Oligocene, the " Haut fond occitan " and its surrounding basins were subjected to the " Pyrenean " compressions. In the first stage of uncertain age (from the Upper Cretaceous to the Upper Eocene), the N090-135 striking faults were reactivated as reverse faults. During the Upper Eocene, the N020-040 striking faults were active as sinistral strike-slip faults. The ore deposits in the Cevennes (2.25 Mt Pb-Zn, about 5 Mt pyrite, 2 Mt fluorite and few Mt barite) are hosted by various sandstone or carbonate formations from the basement to the early Cretaceous. The deposits are mainly associated with N020-040 faults on the eastern border of the Cevennes and with N090-135 on the western border of the Causses. Most of the deposits were affected by the Pyrenean compression. Paleomagnetic analysis. - The main magnetic carrier in the carbonates of the Cevennes area should be magnetite, sometimes with rare pyrrhotite [lbouanga, in Kechra, 1997]. In red beds from the Balazuc borehole, Curie curves, obtained using CS2-KLY2 (Agico), points out the presence of both hematite and magnetite. Because of the presence of sulfides in samples from some sites, the demagnetization process (heating and alternating field) differed from site to site and was chosen depending on the analysis of the pilot-specimens. A low temperature magnetic component (A), as well as a characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM) can often be isolated during progressive demagnetization. The A component, usually removed during the first few thermal demagnetization steps, is likely a recent magnetic overprint. The ChRM was obtained at higher fields, up to 40 mT, and sometimes temperatures up to 650 degreesC. For the data from the Balazuc and Morte-Merie boreholes, the ChRM can be split into two different populations that vary according to lithology. In the Triassic red beds, ChRM with a mean inclination of the order of 38 to 48 degrees was obtained (ChRM B). In all other formations (dominated by carbonates) in the borehole and in all of the surface sites, the ChRM has a steeper inclination (ChRM C). ChRM B had both normal and reversed directions pointing out at least five episodes of normal polarity and four reversed. However the McFadden and McElhinny [1990] reversal test is not positive, and ChRM B results of the superimposition of the primary magnetization with another magnetization component (likely the ChRM C). Age and origin of the ChRM C. - The samples retaining the ChRM C are mostly from horizontal to very gently dipping beds. However, in two surface sites and in the deeper part of the Balazuc borehole, the dip is greater, reaching 34 degrees at Saint Martin. Progressive unfolding of the whole data set at once shows that the magnetization is "synfolding" and acquired at a mean unfolding of about 40-80 %. The mean direction for the remagnetization using small circles method [Surmont et al., 1990; Shipunov, 1997] is very well defined as N=15 sites (244 samples), D = 3.3 degrees, l=55.6 degrees, k=2 155 and alpha (95) = 0.8 degrees (fig. 22 tab. 1). Comparison (fig. 3) of the paleomagnetic pole for the ChRM C (165.5 degreesE; 81.6 degreesN, K=1416; A(95)=1 degrees) with the APWP for stable Europe [Besse et Courtillot, 2001] shows that the pole of ChRM C is close to the early-middle Eocene (50-40 Ma) and the 100 Ma reference poles, but because the magnetization is synfolding and the main folding began only at the end of the Upper Cretaceous, the 100 Ma age has to be rejected. In the Balazuc borehole, the remagnetization was isolated using thermal demagnetization at temperatures as high as 550 degreesC. So it cannot be a thermo-remanent magnetization acquired at temperature as low as 130 degreesC or even 210 degreesC (maximum temperature reached respectively at 1600m in the borehole and locally along Uzer fault because of hydrothermal fluids) and thus it must have a chemical origin. Clauer et al. [1997] showed that the age of illitization is different depending on the depth in the borehole. The most recent age is 121 Ma in the lower units. Since paleomagnetic and structural relationships restrict the age of remagnetization to less than 60 Ma, it cannot be related to illitization [Katz et al., 1998] on the Cevennes border. The remagnetization was therefore produced by migration of chemically active fluids. The fact that ChRM C is only of normal polarity seems to indicate a short duration (less than 1 m.g.) for the acquisition of the remagnetization, i.e. of fluids migration. However, due to the chemical origin of the magnetization, the total duration of acquisition of the magnetization could have been somewhat longer. The ChRM C is therefore interpreted as being an early-middle Eocene remagnetization event that is related to widespread fluid migration. The peak phase of metamorphism in the Pyrenees mountain range is late Cretaceous. In the North Pyrenean zone, erosion of the relief due to this phase starts before or during the Paleocene. The early-middle Eocene age of the remagnetization corresponds to the end of, or possibly after, the post-metamorphic uplift in the mountain range of the Pyrenees. Thus, the paleomagnetic age proposed best corresponds to the time of fluid migration related to the topographic recharge mechanism of Garven and Freeze [1984] and from the south (therefore not from the Alps across the southeast basin). Relations with mineralization. - Remagnetization occurred here mainly in the same units as the mineralization. Assuming a similar age for all the MVT deposits [see Sinclair et al., 1993], the MVT mineralization is younger than the early Cretaceous but predates the compressive deformation (Upper Eocene) in the Cevennes [Macquar, 1973]. Both the remagnetization and mineralization therefore occurred within the same window of time. An early-middle Eocene age for the mineralization has to be discussed in the light of some other geological data. A Liassic age has been obtained for green and violet fluorite within veins cutting the basement [Joseph ct al., 1973] and for uranium deposits in the Permian Lodeve basin [Lancelot et al., 1984]. However, fluorites of the Cevennes Mesozoic cover (including in post-Liassic units) have a similar rare earth element spectrum different from that of the Liassic green and violet fluorites of the basement, and thus cannot be of Liassic age. Rhetian to Aalenian ages have been obtained with illites of the host rocks in three mineralized sites, in particular at Les Malines [Marini, 1986]. In this site, half of the ores being in Bathonian units, these ages cannot be related to the mineralization. Ending, data about ages from maturation of the organic matter appear to have very large uncertainty, and do not seem incompatible with a window of age Upper Jurassic to Upper Eocene for the mineralization. C1 Univ Paris 06, Lab Geol Appliquee, F-75252 Paris 05, France. Univ Paris 06, CNRS, F-75252 Paris, France. IPGP, Geomagnetisme & Paleomagnetisme, F-94107 St Maur Des Fosses, France. CNRS, F-94107 St Maur Des Fosses, France. US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Rouvier, H (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, Lab Geol Appliquee, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 05, France. NR 84 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 24 PU SOC GEOL FRANCE PI PARIS PA 77 RUE CLAUDE BERNARD, 75005 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0037-9409 J9 B SOC GEOL FR JI Bull. Soc. Geol. Fr. PY 2001 VL 172 IS 4 BP 503 EP 516 DI 10.2113/172.4.503 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 467YV UT WOS:000170732100010 ER PT J AU Mech, LD AF Mech, LD TI "Standing over" and "hugging" in wild Wolves, Canis lupus SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Wolf; Canis lupus; behavior; standing over; affection; reproduction ID WOLF AB During six summers, I observed "standing over' (SO) and "hugging" in a pack of wild Wolves (Canis lupus) habituated to me. In SO, one Wolf positions its groin above a recumbent Wolfs nose. I observed SO among all yearling and older Wolves for 1-180 seconds ((x) over bar = 69 +/- 46 S.D.; N = 16). SO appeared to be primarily female-oriented and may inform each Wolf of the reproductive status of the other. I observed "hugging" five times and only during years when food competition was minimal. C1 Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Mech, LD (reprint author), N Cent Res Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 9 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD JAN-MAR PY 2001 VL 115 IS 1 BP 179 EP 181 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 456DX UT WOS:000170068800028 ER PT J AU Ross, M AF Ross, M TI Exposure to amphibole-asbestos and mixed fibers: Rapporteur's report SO CANADIAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; MESOTHELIOMA C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Ross, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALOGICAL ASSOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 78087, MERILINE POSTAL OUTLET, 1460 MERIVALE RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2E 1B1, CANADA SN 0008-4476 J9 CAN MINERAL JI Can. Mineral. PY 2001 SI 5 BP 71 EP 74 PG 4 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA 446ZD UT WOS:000169543300009 ER PT J AU Ross, M Virta, RL AF Ross, M Virta, RL TI Occurrence, production and uses of asbestos SO CANADIAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE asbestos; chrysotile; "crocidolite"; ''amosite"; geological occurrence; mining localities; production figures AB Of the six asbestos minerals, only three have been mined in quantity; chrysotile asbestos comprised 90 to 95% of world production, and "crocidolite" and "amosite" asbestos comprised most of the rest. Anthophyllite asbestos was produced in minor amounts in Finland. Tremolite and actinolite asbestos were produced in very minor amounts in various parts of the world. Significant production of asbestos began in the late 19th century; yearly production peaked at about 5.1 million tonnes (t) in 1975, and then declined steadily to about 2.3 million t in 1996. Ninety-six percent of the raw asbestos imported into the United States was the chrysotile variety, almost all from Canada. The peak year for use of Canadian asbestos in the United States was 1973, when nearly 700,000 t was imported. By 1996, these imports had dropped to 21,000 t. The most important chrysotile mining districts are in the Province of Quebec, Canada, in the Bazhenovo and Kiembay districts of Russia, and in the Dzhetygara district of Kazakhstan. Other important deposits of chrysotile asbestos presently being exploited are found in Zimbabwe, South Africa, Brazil, and China. One of the world's largest deposits occurs in the New Idria area of California, but production there is low. A description of past and present uses of asbestos, total world production of asbestos by year, asbestos production by country for selected years, and United States import and consumption of asbestos by year are also presented. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Ross, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 983, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU MINERALOGICAL ASSOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 78087, MERILINE POSTAL OUTLET, 1460 MERIVALE RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2E 1B1, CANADA SN 0008-4476 J9 CAN MINERAL JI Can. Mineral. PY 2001 SI 5 BP 79 EP 88 PG 10 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA 446ZD UT WOS:000169543300010 ER PT J AU Collazo, JA Bonilla-Martinez, G AF Collazo, JA Bonilla-Martinez, G TI Population size, survival, and movements of White-cheeked Pintails in eastern Puerto Rico SO CARIBBEAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EXTRA-PAIR COPULATION; PRECOCIAL BIRDS; CANADA GEESE; CLUTCH SIZE; MARK; EMIGRATION; ANIMALS; DUCK AB We estimated numbers and survival of White-cheeked Pintails (Anas bahamensis) in eastern Puerto Rico during 1996-1999. We also quantified their movements between Culebra Island and the Humacao Wildlife Refuge, Puerto Rico. Mark-resight population size estimates averaged 1020 pintails during nine, 3-month sampling periods from January 1997 to June 1999. On average, minimum regional counts were 38 % lower than mark-resight estimates (mean = 631). Adult annual survival was 0.51 +/- 0.09 (SE). This estimate is similar for other anatids of similar size but broader geographic distribution. The probability of pintails surviving and staying in Humacao was higher (67 %) than for counterparts on Culebra (31 %). The probability of surviving and moving from Culebra to Humacao (41 %) was higher than from Humacao to Culebra (20 %). These findings, and available information on reproduction, indicate that the Humacao Wildlife Refuge refuge has an important role in the regional demography of pintails. Our findings on population numbers and regional survival are encouraging, given concerns about the species' status due to habitat loss and hunting. However, our outlook for the species is tempered by the remaining gaps in the population dynamics of pintails; for example, survival estimates of broods and fledglings (age 0-1) are needed for a comprehensive status assessment. Until additional data are obtained, White-cheeked Pintails should continue to be protected from hunting in Puerto Rico. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USGS, Biol Resources Div, N Carolina Cooperat Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Dept Nat & Environm Resources, Div Terrestrial Ecol, San Juan, PR 00906 USA. RP Collazo, JA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USGS, Biol Resources Div, N Carolina Cooperat Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, PI MAYAGUEZ PA COLLEGE ARTS SCIENCES, MAYAGUEZ, PUERTO RICO 00680 USA SN 0008-6452 J9 CARIBB J SCI JI Caribb. J. Sci. PY 2001 VL 37 IS 3-4 BP 194 EP 201 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 498GQ UT WOS:000172501800006 ER PT B AU Sherwood, CR Gelfenbaum, G Howd, PA Palmsten, ML AF Sherwood, CR Gelfenbaum, G Howd, PA Palmsten, ML BE Hanson, H Larson, M TI Sediment transport on a high-energy ebb-tidal delta SO COASTAL DYNAMICS '01: PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Coastal Dynamics CY JUN 11-15, 2001 CL LUND, SWEDEN SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst AB Six tripods were deployed at shallow (similar to14-m) and deep (similar to24-m) sites on the northern, middle, and southern flanks of the Grays Harbor, Washington, U.S.A. ebb-tidal delta from early October through December, 1999 to measure waves, currents, temperature, and suspended-sediment concentrations as part of a wave-refraction and sediment-transport experiment. Directional wave spectra show that the general direction of wave approach shifted from WNW to WSW as the North Pacific weather pattern shifted from summer to winter, and we were fortunate enough to capture a large storm (offshore significant wave heights of similar to8 m) in late October and a sequence of about 8 smaller events with similar to4 to 6-m waves in November and December. As expected, wave directions indicated refraction around the ebb-tidal delta, and varied with incident wave period and direction. Direct estimates of sediment flux about 0.4-0.6 m above the bottom, and modeled estimates of depth-integrated suspended sediment flux indicate net offshore and northward transport. By comparison, estimated net bedload flux was onshore, but at much lower rates. These results indicate that sand on the ebb-tidal delta can be mobilized frequently under winter conditions, and can bypass the inlet at depths of at least 24 m. The data also suggest that significant offshore transport occurs at these depths and that offshore suspended-sediment transport during winter is so great that it might not be balanced by onshore bedload transport. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Sherwood, CR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS-999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0566-2 PY 2001 BP 473 EP 482 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Engineering; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BU27A UT WOS:000175528400048 ER PT B AU Gelfenbaum, G Buijsman, MC Sherwood, CR Moritz, HR Gibbs, AE AF Gelfenbaum, G Buijsman, MC Sherwood, CR Moritz, HR Gibbs, AE BE Hanson, H Larson, M TI Coastal evolution and sediment budget at the mouth of the Columbia river, USA SO COASTAL DYNAMICS '01: PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Coastal Dynamics CY JUN 11-15, 2001 CL LUND, SWEDEN SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst AB The coastal morphology of the Mouth of the Columbia River (MCR) has changed dramatically over the past century. Since the construction of jetties in 1914 and 1917, the inlet deepened and stabilized, the outer ebb delta migrated northward and offshore several kilometers, and the adjacent shorelines to the north and south prograded several hundreds of meters. Recently, high rates of erosion along these adjacent shorelines affecting parklands have raised questions about the cause of the erosion. The purpose of the sediment budget analysis presented here is to address these questions by quantitatively examining the links between the morphology change of the shoreline and the ebb delta and historical changes in local and regional sediment supply. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Gelfenbaum, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0566-2 PY 2001 BP 818 EP 827 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Engineering; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BU27A UT WOS:000175528400084 ER PT B AU Sallenger, AH Krabill, W Swift, R Brock, J AF Sallenger, AH Krabill, W Swift, R Brock, J BE Hanson, H Larson, M TI Quantifying hurricane-induced coastal changes using topographic lidar SO COASTAL DYNAMICS '01: PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Coastal Dynamics CY JUN 11-15, 2001 CL LUND, SWEDEN SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst ID INTENSE ATLANTIC HURRICANES; BEACH AB USGS and NASA are investigating the impacts of hurricanes on the United States East and Gulf of Mexico coasts with the ultimate objective of improving predictive capabilities. The cornerstone of our effort is to use topographic lidar to acquire pre- and post-storm topography to quantify changes to beaches and dunes. With its rapidity of acquisition and very high density, lidar is revolutionizing the quantification of storm-induced coastal change. Lidar surveys have been acquired for the East and Gulf coasts to serve as pre-storm baselines. Within a few days of a hurricane landfall anywhere within the study area, the impacted area will be resurveyed to detect changes. For example, during 1999, Hurricane Dennis impacted the northern North Carolina coast. Along a 70-km length of coast between Cape Hatteras and Oregon Inlet, there was large variability in the types of impacts including overwash, dune erosion, dune stability, and even accretion at the base of dunes. These types of impacts were arranged in coherent patterns that repeated along the coast over scales of tens of kilometers. Preliminary results suggest the variability is related to the influence of offshore shoals that induce longshore gradients in wave energy by wave refraction. C1 US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal Geol, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Sallenger, AH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal Geol, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0566-2 PY 2001 BP 1007 EP 1016 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Engineering; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BU27A UT WOS:000175528400103 ER PT J AU French, JB Nisbet, ICT Schwabl, H AF French, JB Nisbet, ICT Schwabl, H TI Maternal steroids and contaminants in common tern eggs: a mechanism of endocrine disruption? SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE common terns; eggs; endocrine disruption; PCBs; yolk steroids ID CAPTIVE AMERICAN KESTRELS; SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; TESTOSTERONE; BEHAVIOR; O,P'-DICOFOL; BIRDS; YOLK AB We looked for evidence for the hypothesis that exposure of female birds to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) results in alteration of blood steroid hormone concentrations and alters subsequent hormone transfer of steroids to eggs. Eggs of three-egg clutches were collected from a PCB-exposed common tern (Sterna hirundo) colony (Ram Island, Buzzards Bay, MA, USA) and from a relatively clean colony (Bodkin Island, Chesapcake Bay, MD, USA), and were analyzed for concentrations of organochlorine contaminants and steroid hormones (17 beta -estradiol, 5 alpha -dihydrotestosterone, testosterone and androstenedione). There was no relationship between total PCBs and steroid concentrations considering all eggs together, considering eggs of different laying order or considering differences between sequentially laid eggs in a clutch. Similarly, concentrations of di- and tri-chlorinated biphenyls and steroids in eggs were not related. The concentrations of PCBs, mercury and selenium were below estimated thresholds for toxicity to embryos. Maternal steroids, except estradiol, were present in yolk of all eggs, with increasing concentrations in the second and third eggs laid. Our data provided no evidence for a maternal toxicological event that might alter the amount of maternal steroid hormone transferred to eggs. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. ICT Nisbet & Co, N Falmouth, MA 02556 USA. Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP French, JB (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 11501 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 31 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1532-0456 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Pharmacol. Toxicol. Endocrinol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 128 IS 1 BP 91 EP 98 DI 10.1016/S1532-0456(00)00181-2 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA 402FU UT WOS:000166976000009 PM 11166677 ER PT B AU Flint, AL Flint, LE Bodvarsson, GS Kwicklis, EM Fabryka-Martin, J AF Flint, AL Flint, LE Bodvarsson, GS Kwicklis, EM Fabryka-Martin, J GP XX XX TI Development of the conceptual model of unsaturated zone hydrology at Yucca Mountain, Nevada SO CONCEPTUAL MODELS OF FLOW AND TRANSPORT IN THE FRACTURED VADOSE ZONE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Conceptual Models of Flow and Transport in the Fractured Vadose Zone CY MAR, 1999 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. ID ROCK FRACTURES; FLOW; TUFF AB Yucca Mountain is an and site proposed for consideration as the nation's first underground high-level radioactive waste repository. Low rainfall and a thick unsaturated zone are important physical attributes of the site because the quantity of water likely to reach the waste and the paths and rates of movement of the water to the saturated zone under likely future climates will be major factors in estimating the concentrations and times of arrival of radionuclides at the surrounding accessible environment. The framework for understanding the hydrologic processes that occur at this site and that control how quickly water will penetrate through the unsaturated zone to the water table has evolved during the past 15 years. Early conceptual models assumed that very small volumes of water infiltrated into the bedrock, that much of the infiltrated water flowed laterally within the upper nonwelded units because of capillary barrier effects, and that the remaining water flowed down faults with a small amount flowing through the matrix of the lower welded, fractured rocks. When evidence accumulated indicating that infiltration rates were higher than initially estimated, and that mechanisms supporting lateral diversion did not apply at these higher fluxes, the flux calculated in the lower welded unit exceeded the conductivity of the matrix. This required water to flow vertically in the high-permeability fractures of the potential repository host rock. The development of numerical modeling methods evolved concurrently with the conceptual model in order to account for the observations made at the site, particularly fracture flow deep in the unsaturated zone. This paper presents the history of the evolution of conceptual models of hydrology and numerical models of unsaturated zone flow at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. C1 US Geol Survey, Calif Dist, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Flint, AL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Dist, Sacramento, CA USA. NR 86 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 0-309-07302-2 PY 2001 BP 47 EP 85 PG 39 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BX79H UT WOS:000186471100002 ER PT B AU Larsen, MC Conde, MTV Clark, RA AF Larsen, MC Conde, MTV Clark, RA BE Gruntfest, E Handmer, J TI Landslide hazards associated with flash-floods, with examples from the December 1999 disaster in Venezuela SO COPING WITH FLASH FLOODS SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, PARTNERSHIP SUB-SERIES 2: ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO Advanced-Study-Institute on Coping with Flash Floods CY NOV 08-17, 1999 CL RAVELLO, ITALY SP NATO ID RAINFALL INTENSITY; DEBRIS FLOWS; PUERTO-RICO C1 US Geol Survey, GSA Ctr, Guaynabo, PR 00965 USA. RP Larsen, MC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, GSA Ctr, 651 Fed Dr,Suite 400-15, Guaynabo, PR 00965 USA. NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-6825-8 J9 NATO SCI S PRT 2 ENV PY 2001 VL 77 BP 259 EP 275 PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA BR92W UT WOS:000168052200025 ER PT B AU Larsen, MC AF Larsen, MC BE Gruntfest, E Handmer, J TI Evaluation of temporal and spatial factors that control the susceptibility to rainfall-triggered landslides SO COPING WITH FLASH FLOODS SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, PARTNERSHIP SUB-SERIES 2: ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO Advanced-Study-Institute on Coping with Flash Floods CY NOV 08-17, 1999 CL RAVELLO, ITALY SP NATO ID PUERTO-RICO; ENVIRONMENT; INTENSITY C1 US Geol Survey, GSA Ctr, Guaynabo, PR 00965 USA. RP Larsen, MC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, GSA Ctr, 651 Fed Dr,Suite 400-15, Guaynabo, PR 00965 USA. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-6825-8 J9 NATO SCI S PRT 2 ENV PY 2001 VL 77 BP 277 EP 288 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA BR92W UT WOS:000168052200026 ER PT B AU Barr, B AF Barr, B BE Harmon, D TI Managing what you don't own: the special challenge of marine protected areas SO Crossing Boundaries in Park Management: Proceedings of the 11th Conference on Research and Resource Management in Parks and on Public Lands LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT George-Wright-Society Biennial Conference CY APR 16, 2001-APR 20, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP George Wright Soc, Natl Pk Serv, Us Geol Survey Biol Resources Div, Eastern Natl C1 NOAA, US Geol Survey, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Marine Sanctuary Syst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGE WRIGHT SOCIETY, INC. PI HANCOCK PA PO BOX 65, HANCOCK, MI 49930-0065 USA PY 2001 BP 13 EP 18 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCW13 UT WOS:000231500900003 ER PT B AU Loope, LL Reeser, DW AF Loope, LL Reeser, DW BE Harmon, D TI Crossing boundaries at Haleakala: addressing invasive species through partnerships SO CROSSING BOUNDARIES IN PARK MANAGEMENT: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH CONFERENCE ON RESEARCH AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN PARKS AND ON PUBLIC LANDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT George-Wright-Society Biennial Conference CY APR 16-20, 2001-2004 CL Denver, CO SP George Wright Soc, Natl Pk Serv, Us Geol Survey Biol Resources Div, Eastern Natl C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Haleakala Field Stn, Makawao, HI 96768 USA. EM lloyd_loope@usgs.gov; don_reeser@nps.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGE WRIGHT SOCIETY, INC. PI HANCOCK PA PO BOX 65, HANCOCK, MI 49930-0065 USA PY 2001 BP 29 EP 34 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCW13 UT WOS:000231500900006 ER PT B AU Van Riper, C Hart, J Bright, J AF Van Riper, C Hart, J Bright, J BE Harmon, D TI Effects of fenced transportation corridors on pronghorn antelope movement in Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona SO Crossing Boundaries in Park Management: Proceedings of the 11th Conference on Research and Resource Management in Parks and on Public Lands LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT George-Wright-Society Biennial Conference CY APR 16, 2001-APR 20, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP George Wright Soc, Natl Pk Serv, Us Geol Survey Biol Resources Div, Eastern Natl C1 No Arizona Univ, US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Colorado Plateau Field Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU GEORGE WRIGHT SOCIETY, INC. PI HANCOCK PA PO BOX 65, HANCOCK, MI 49930-0065 USA PY 2001 BP 71 EP 77 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCW13 UT WOS:000231500900013 ER PT B AU Moore, PE Gerlagh, JD AF Moore, PE Gerlagh, JD BE Harmon, D TI Exotic species threat assessment in Sequoia, Kings Canyon, and Yosemite national parks SO Crossing Boundaries in Park Management: Proceedings of the 11th Conference on Research and Resource Management in Parks and on Public Lands LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT George-Wright-Society Biennial Conference CY APR 16, 2001-APR 20, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP George Wright Soc, Natl Pk Serv, Us Geol Survey Biol Resources Div, Eastern Natl C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, El Portal, CA 95318 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGE WRIGHT SOCIETY, INC. PI HANCOCK PA PO BOX 65, HANCOCK, MI 49930-0065 USA PY 2001 BP 96 EP 103 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCW13 UT WOS:000231500900017 ER PT B AU Shaver, DJ AF Shaver, DJ BE Harmon, D TI Crossing boundaries to increase nesting by Kemp's ridley sea turtles at Padre Island National Seashore and in South Texas SO Crossing Boundaries in Park Management: Proceedings of the 11th Conference on Research and Resource Management in Parks and on Public Lands LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT George-Wright-Society Biennial Conference CY APR 16, 2001-APR 20, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP George Wright Soc, Natl Pk Serv, Us Geol Survey Biol Resources Div, Eastern Natl C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Padre Isl Field Res Stn,Padre Isl Natl Seashore, Corpus Christi, TX 78480 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEORGE WRIGHT SOCIETY, INC. PI HANCOCK PA PO BOX 65, HANCOCK, MI 49930-0065 USA PY 2001 BP 161 EP 165 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCW13 UT WOS:000231500900026 ER PT B AU Barr, B AF Barr, B BE Harmon, D TI Getting the job done: protecting marine wilderness SO Crossing Boundaries in Park Management: Proceedings of the 11th Conference on Research and Resource Management in Parks and on Public Lands LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT George-Wright-Society Biennial Conference CY APR 16, 2001-APR 20, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP George Wright Soc, Natl Pk Serv, Us Geol Survey Biol Resources Div, Eastern Natl C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Marine Sanctuary Syst, US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORGE WRIGHT SOCIETY, INC. PI HANCOCK PA PO BOX 65, HANCOCK, MI 49930-0065 USA PY 2001 BP 233 EP 238 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCW13 UT WOS:000231500900039 ER PT B AU O'Connell, AF Walker, WH Supernaugh, WR Chaney, S Manski, D Jarvis, J AF O'Connell, AF Walker, WH Supernaugh, WR Chaney, S Manski, D Jarvis, J BE Harmon, D TI The National Park Service natural resources management trainee program: 20 years later - looking back to the future SO Crossing Boundaries in Park Management: Proceedings of the 11th Conference on Research and Resource Management in Parks and on Public Lands LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT George-Wright-Society Biennial Conference CY APR 16, 2001-APR 20, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP George Wright Soc, Natl Pk Serv, Us Geol Survey Biol Resources Div, Eastern Natl C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGE WRIGHT SOCIETY, INC. PI HANCOCK PA PO BOX 65, HANCOCK, MI 49930-0065 USA PY 2001 BP 355 EP 359 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCW13 UT WOS:000231500900061 ER PT B AU Oakley, KL Boudreau, SL Humphrey, SZ AF Oakley, KL Boudreau, SL Humphrey, SZ BE Harmon, D TI Recommended features of protocols for long-term ecological monitoring SO Crossing Boundaries in Park Management: Proceedings of the 11th Conference on Research and Resource Management in Parks and on Public Lands LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT George-Wright-Society Biennial Conference CY APR 16, 2001-APR 20, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP George Wright Soc, Natl Pk Serv, Us Geol Survey Biol Resources Div, Eastern Natl ID QUALITY ASSURANCE C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORGE WRIGHT SOCIETY, INC. PI HANCOCK PA PO BOX 65, HANCOCK, MI 49930-0065 USA PY 2001 BP 415 EP 419 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCW13 UT WOS:000231500900071 ER PT B AU Plumlee, GS AF Plumlee, GS BE Young, CA Twidwell, LG Anderson, CG TI Interactions between cyanide heap leach solutions and acid-rock drainage: Implications for remediation and the potential environmental impacts of cyanide from Summitville, Colorado SO CYANIDE: SOCIAL, INDUSTRIAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Cyanide - Social, Industrial and Economic Aspects held at the Annual Meeting of TMS CY FEB 12-15, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Extract & Processing Div, Extract & Processing Div, Waste Treatment & Minimizat Comm, Extract & Processing Div, Precious Met Comm, Int Precious Met Inst, Soc Min Met & Explorat Inc, NW Min Assoc AB The Summitville gold mine, located in southwestern Colorado, received tremendous publicity in the 1980's and 1990's for leaks of cyanide solutions from its heap leach facility. As is typical with cyanide spills, real-time, geochemically rigorous assessments of the environmental effects were not performed. Past United States Geological Survey (USGS) research used simple mixing experiments to model the influx of alkaline cyanide heap leach solutions from Summitville into a nearby stream, whose waters were highly acidic due to severe acid-rock drainage (ARD) from the mine. These experiments indicated WAD cyanide rapidly degraded due to formation of Fe-Cu-CN solids and lesser HCN volatilization. The alkaline heap leach solutions also precipitated hydrous iron- and aluminum-oxides and hydroxysulfates (iron and aluminum supplied by the acid rock drainage [ARD]), which then sorbed copper and other heavy metals from the ARD. These results indicate that mixing of cyanide heap leach solutions with ARD may be a cost-effective remedial method at mine sites where treatment of both is required. New experiments are currently in progress to further refine a potential remedial process. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Plumlee, GS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS935, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-479-8 PY 2001 BP 23 EP 33 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BR82J UT WOS:000167712900004 ER PT B AU Johnson, CA Grimes, DJ Leinz, RW Breit, GN Rye, RO AF Johnson, CA Grimes, DJ Leinz, RW Breit, GN Rye, RO BE Young, CA Twidwell, LG Anderson, CG TI The critical importance of strong cyanocomplexes in the remediation and decommissioning of cyanidation heap leach operations SO CYANIDE: SOCIAL, INDUSTRIAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Cyanide - Social, Industrial and Economic Aspects held at the Annual Meeting of TMS CY FEB 12-15, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Extract & Processing Div, Extract & Processing Div, Waste Treatment & Minimizat Comm, Extract & Processing Div, Precious Met Comm, Int Precious Met Inst, Soc Min Met & Explorat Inc, NW Min Assoc ID CYANIDES; BEHAVIOR; SOILS AB Cyanide speciation and behavior have been examined at three active heap leach operations, three heaps undergoing rinsing, and three sites with cyanide contaminated groundwater, all in the southwestern U.S. Data from these studies demonstrate that strong cyanometallic complexes of iron and cobalt can play an important role in cyanide behavior throughout the lifetimes of heap leach operations. In active circuits, we find evidence that significant amounts of cyanide combine with iron and cobalt to form strong cyanometallic complexes, and that these species can be adsorbed, probably onto iron hydroxides, or precipitated as insoluble cyanometallic compounds. When spent heaps are rinsed, the release of this cyanide is likely controlled by the slow kinetics of desorption from, or dissolution of, solids that have gone largely uncharacterized. We find evidence that strong cyanometallic complexes can give rise to transient free cyanide in some settings by rapid photodissociation where heap rinse effluent is exposed to sunlight in open channels or translucent sample bottles. Thus, these species can complicate the preparation of spent heaps for decommissioning, even where regulatory standards are based on weak acid dissociable cyanide. There is a critical need for information on the form and stability of adsorbed and precipitated cyanide in spent ore heaps, on the concentrations of strong cyanometallic complexes in mineral processing effluents - particularly the complexes of cobalt, and on the natural attenuation of iron and cobalt cyanometallic complexes in both surface and subsurface waters. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Johnson, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS 963, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-479-8 PY 2001 BP 35 EP 49 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BR82J UT WOS:000167712900005 ER PT J AU Bel'chanskii, GI Douglas, DC Mordvintsev, IN AF Bel'chanskii, GI Douglas, DC Mordvintsev, IN TI Identification of sea-ice types from 'Okean-01' satellite radar data and look-up tables SO EARTH OBSERVATION AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID NIMBUS-7 SMMR; BEAUFORT SEA; MICROWAVE; COVER; CIRCULATION; RADIOMETER AB The statistical characteristics of the seasonal and geographical variability of the specific effective target cross-section (SETC) of open water, multiyear and first-year sea ice in the Barents, Karsk and Laptev Seas and the adjacent Arctic Ocean are obtained for radar data for the satellites 'Okean-01' no. 7 and no. 8 (X-band, VV polarization), acquired between October 1995 and January 1998. Look-up tables of the statistical parameters of the SETC of sea-ice types, as a function of the month, the year and the waters, are constructed. Based on the method described in [1], and on the SETC look-up tables, an algorithm is developed for identification of sea-ice types. Using monitoring data, ice-cover maps are constructed and a comparative analysis with results from corresponding SSM/I satellite data and NOAA maps is performed. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Ecol & Evolut, Moscow, Russia. US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Bel'chanskii, GI (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Ecol & Evolut, Moscow, Russia. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU HARWOOD ACAD PUBL GMBH, TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, 8TH FL, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1024-5251 J9 EARTH OBS REMOT SEN+ JI Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PY 2001 VL 16 IS 6 BP 929 EP 946 PG 18 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 520AF UT WOS:000173757100006 ER PT J AU Wells, RE Simpson, RW AF Wells, RE Simpson, RW TI Northward migration of the Cascadia forearc in the northwestern US and implications for subduction deformation SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Recurrence of Great Interplate Earthquakes and its Mechanism CY JAN 20-21, 1999 CL KOCHI, JAPAN SP Assoc Dev Earthquake Predict ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; BASE-LINE INTERFEROMETRY; SIERRA-NEVADA; SOUTHWEST WASHINGTON; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; GREAT EARTHQUAKES; AMERICA MOTION; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; RANGE PROVINCE; CENTRAL OREGON AB Geologic and paleomagnetic data from the Cascadia forearc indicate long-term northward migration and clockwise rotation of an Oregon coastal block with respect to North America. Paleomagnetic rotation of coastal Oregon is linked by a Klamath Mountains pole to geodetically and geologically determined motion of the Sierra Nevada block to derive a new Oregon Coast-North America (OC-NA) pole of rotation and velocity field. This long-term velocity field, which is independent of Pacific Northwest GPS data, is interpreted to be the result of Basin-Range extension and Pacific-North America dextral shear. The resulting Oregon Coast pole compares favorably to those derived solely from GPS data, although uncertainties are large. Subtracting the long-term motion from forearc GPS velocities reveals ENE motion with respect to an OC reference frame that is parallel to the direction of Juan de Fuca-OC convergence and decreases inland. We interpret this to be largely the result of subduction-related deformation. The adjusted mean GPS velocities are generally subparallel to those predicted from elastic dislocation models fur Cascadia, but more definitive interpretations await refinement of the present large uncertainty in the Sierra Nevada block motion. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Wells, RE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 31 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 7 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO, 158, JAPAN SN 1343-8832 J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE JI Earth Planets Space PY 2001 VL 53 IS 4 BP 275 EP 283 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 428WC UT WOS:000168483800006 ER PT B AU Luoma, SN Clements, WH DeWitt, T Gerritsen, J Hatch, A Jepson, P Reynoldson, T Thom, RM AF Luoma, SN Clements, WH DeWitt, T Gerritsen, J Hatch, A Jepson, P Reynoldson, T Thom, RM BE Baird, DJ Burton, GA TI Role of environmental variability in evaluating stressor effects SO ECOLOGICAL VARIABILITY: SEPARATING NATURAL FROM ANTHROPOGENIC CAUSES OF ECOSYSTEM IMPAIRMENT SE SETAC SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Ecological Variability CY SEP 11-17, 1999 CL PELLSTON, MI SP Exxon Corp, Int Copper Assoc, Monsanto Co, Rio Tinto PLC, Rio Algom Ltd, US Geol Survey, US EPA, Zeneca Corp C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Luoma, SN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Clements, William/N-2686-2016; Burton, Glenn/Q-9714-2016 OI Burton, Glenn/0000-0002-8660-6294 NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501 USA BN 1-880611-43-0 J9 SETAC SP P PY 2001 BP 141 EP 177 PG 37 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BU76M UT WOS:000176951700005 ER PT B AU Luoma, SN Clements, WH Gerritsen, J Hatch, A Jepson, P Reynoldson, T Thom, RM AF Luoma, SN Clements, WH Gerritsen, J Hatch, A Jepson, P Reynoldson, T Thom, RM BE Baird, DJ Burton, GA TI Separating stressor influences from environmental variability: Eight case studies from aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems SO ECOLOGICAL VARIABILITY: SEPARATING NATURAL FROM ANTHROPOGENIC CAUSES OF ECOSYSTEM IMPAIRMENT SE SETAC SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Ecological Variability CY SEP 11-17, 1999 CL PELLSTON, MI SP Exxon Corp, Int Copper Assoc, Monsanto Co, Rio Tinto PLC, Rio Algom Ltd, US Geol Survey, US EPA, Zeneca Corp C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Luoma, SN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Clements, William/N-2686-2016; Burton, Glenn/Q-9714-2016 OI Burton, Glenn/0000-0002-8660-6294 NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501 USA BN 1-880611-43-0 J9 SETAC SP P PY 2001 BP 179 EP 214 PG 36 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BU76M UT WOS:000176951700006 ER PT J AU Martin, TE AF Martin, TE TI Abiotic vs. biotic influences on habitat selection of coexisting species: Climate change impacts? SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arizona; global climate change; ground-nesting birds; microclimate gradient; microhabitat segregation; nest-site selection; physiological tolerances; resource partitioning ID NEST-SITE SELECTION; MAYFIELD METHOD; SUCCESS; PREDATION; TEMPERATURE; COMMUNITIES; DISPERSAL; PATTERNS; DYNAMICS; BIRDS AB Species are commonly segregated along gradients of microclimate and vegetation. I explore the question of whether segregation is the result of microhabitat partitioning (biotic effects) or choice of differing microclimates (abiotic effects). I explored this question for four ground-nesting bird species that an segregated along a microclimate and vegetation gradient in Arizona. Birds shifted position of their nests on the microhabitat and microclimate gradient in response to changing precipitation over nine years. Similarly, annual bird abundance varied with precipitation across 12 yr. Those shifts in abundance and nesting microhabitat with changing precipitation demonstrate the importance of abiotic influences on bird distributions and habitat choice. However, nest-site shifts and microhabitat use also appear to be influenced by interactions among coexisting species. Moreover, shifts in habitat use by all species caused nest predation (i.e., biotic) costs that increased with increasing distance along the microclimate gradient. These results indicate that abiotic and biotic costs can strongly interact to influence microhabitat choice and abundances of coexisting species. Global climate change impacts have been considered largely in terms of simple distributional shifts, but these results indicate that shifts can also increase biotic costs when species move into habitat types for which they are poorly adapted or that create new biotic interactions. C1 Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div,Avian Studies Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Martin, TE (reprint author), Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div,Avian Studies Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 NR 77 TC 110 Z9 112 U1 9 U2 52 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 2001 VL 82 IS 1 BP 175 EP 188 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[0175:AVBIOH]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 393UN UT WOS:000166488200015 ER PT J AU Martin, PR Martin, TE AF Martin, PR Martin, TE TI Ecological and fitness consequences of species coexistence: A removal experiment with wood warblers SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE food limitation; habitat selection; indirect interactions; natural selection; nest predation; nest site limitation; resource partitioning; short-term apparent competition; species interactions; Vermivora celata; Vermivora virginiae; wood warblers ID INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; NEST PREDATION; ALTITUDINAL ZONATION; APPARENT COMPETITION; CHIPMUNKS EUTAMIAS; COMMUNITY ECOLOGY; HABITAT SELECTION; FIELD EXPERIMENTS; MAYFIELD METHOD; BIRDS AB Local guilds define groups of species that share common resources and coexist in space and time. Local guilds have historically been a major focus of community ecology; however, studies of local guilds rarely measure consequences of coexistence for fitness-related traits or test predictions of alternative hypotheses for how species may interact. We studied consequences of coexistence for Orange-crowned Warblers (Vermivora celata) and Virginia's Warblers (V. virginiae), which have overlapping breeding territories in central Arizona. We used reciprocal removal experiments to examine (1) whether coexistence results in ecological consequences with respect to access to nest sites, access to food resources, nest predation, and adult female predation, and (2) whether ecological consequences result in fitness consequences with respect to reproductive success (clutch size, number of young fledged per nest), or adult female survival (within a breeding season). When we removed Virginia's Warblers, Orange-crowned Warblers experienced reduced nest predation rates compared with control plots where Virginia's Warblers were present. When we removed Orange-crowned Warblers, Virginia's Warblers (1) shifted their nest sites to sites indistinguishable from Orange-crowned Warbler nest sites, (2) increased feeding rates during both the incubation and nest:ling periods, and (3) suffered reduced nest predation rates, compared with control plots where Orange-crowned Warblers were present. When the two species coexist, increased nest predation rates for both species appear to result from density-dependent functional shifts in nest predator behavior (short-term apparent competition). Reduced access to preferred nest sites for Virginia's Warblers coexisting with Orange-crowned Warblers appears to result from both Orange-crowned Warbler interference during nest site selection and building periods, and from Orange-crowned Warbler preemption of nest sites preferred by both species. The mechanisms whereby Orange-crowned Warblers may reduce access to food resources for coexisting Virginia's Warblers, however, are not yet fully understood. Both. Orange-crowned and Virginia's Warblers fledged between 78% and 129% more young per nest on plots where the opposite species had been removed, indicating that both species suffer substantial fitness costs of coexistence. Overall, results illustrate that (I) Orange-crowned and Virginia's Warblers do not coexist independently of each other, (2) interactions between the two species are complex and asymmetrical, (3) interactions between the two species result in substantial fitness costs of coexistence for both species, and (4) ecological interactions between the two species extend far beyond competition for food resources which has dominated studies of terrestrial vertebrate communities. C1 Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Avian Studies Program, US Geol Survey,Biol Resources Div, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Martin, PR (reprint author), Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Avian Studies Program, US Geol Survey,Biol Resources Div, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 NR 89 TC 85 Z9 91 U1 7 U2 47 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 2001 VL 82 IS 1 BP 189 EP 206 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[0189:EAFCOS]2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 393UN UT WOS:000166488200016 ER PT J AU Martin, PR Martin, TE AF Martin, PR Martin, TE TI Behavioral interactions between coexisting species: Song playback experiments with wood warblers SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE behavioral dominance; behavioral interactions, habitat selection; indirect interactions; mate attraction; song playback; species interactions, Vermivora celata, Vermivora virginiae, wood warblers ID INTERSPECIFIC TERRITORIALISM; HABITAT SELECTION; NEST PREDATION; COMPETITION; TESTS; DISCRIMINATION; CONSEQUENCES; FLYCATCHERS; POPULATIONS; AGGRESSION AB Behavioral interactions between coexisting species may reflect underlying ecological interactions or may arise from factors unrelated to ecological interactions between species. We examined behavioral interactions between two coexisting, migratory wood warblers that competitively interact on breeding territories in central Arizona, USA. The larger Orange-crowned Warbler (Vermivora celata) is aggressive toward the later-arriving Virginia's Warbler (V. virginiae) and responds to playback of Virginia's Warbler songs by approaching the playback speaker or by singing over Virginia's Warbler songs. Virginia's Warblers retreat from interactions with Orange-crowned Warblers and avoid the playback speaker when presented with Orange-crowned Warbler songs. Responses of both species to song playback of the opposite species differed from responses to conspecific songs, indicating that behavioral interactions do not result from misdirected intraspecific aggression. Behavioral responses were consistent with observed ecological interactions between the two species and suggest that asymmetrical behavioral aggression by the dominant Orange-crowned Warbler may be an important mechanism for competitive interactions involving nest sites. These results support previous studies that have used behavioral experiments to infer ecological interactions among coexisting species. While Orange-crowned Warblers may benefit from aggressively excluding Virginia's Warblers from preferred nest sites, limited data on Virginia's Warbler settlement patterns suggest that Virginia's Warblers do not avoid settling on Orange-crowned Warbler territories. Similar reproductive success in sympatric vs, allopatric habitats suggests little consequence for Virginia's Warblers settling with Orange-crowned Warblers, despite increased reproductive success of Virginia's Warblers in sympatric habitat when Orange-crowned Warblers were experimentally removed. C1 Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div,Avian Studies Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Martin, PR (reprint author), Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div,Avian Studies Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 NR 43 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 4 U2 33 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 2001 VL 82 IS 1 BP 207 EP 218 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[0207:BIBCSS]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 393UN UT WOS:000166488200017 ER PT J AU Rhoades, C Oskarsson, H Binkley, D Stottlemyer, B AF Rhoades, C Oskarsson, H Binkley, D Stottlemyer, B TI Alder (Alnus crispa) effects on soils in ecosystems of the Agashashok River valley, northwest Alaska SO ECOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE arctic ecosystems; soil nitrogen isotopes; tundra; floodplain ID ADJACENT CONIFER; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; RED ALDER; N-15; AVAILABILITY; STANDS; SUCCESSION; CHEMISTRY; GLACIER AB At the northern limit of the boreal forest biome, alder (Alnus crispa [Ait.] Pursh) shrubs occur in a variety of ecosystems. We assessed the effects of individual alder shrubs on soil properties and understory plant tissue nitrogen in floodplain terraces, valley slopes and tussock tundra ridges The three ecosystems differed with respect to soil properties and abiotic conditions and supported distinct plant communities. Alder increased resin-exchangeable soil N and NO3 production significantly in each ecosystem. The greatest difference between alder canopy and surrounding soil NO3 measured both under field and laboratory. conditions occurred in floodplain sires. The shrub effect on soil pH and soil organic matter was greatest on tundra ridges. Alder shrubs also influenced the nitrogen nutrition of plants growing beneath their canopies. Plants growing below older canopies had higher foliar nitrogen concentration and natural abundance N-15 composition and lower carbon to nitrogen ratio than open-grown plants. Similar to soil N availability, understory plant leaf chemistry responded more to alder on floodplains than on slope or tundra ecosystems. This pattern suggests that understory plants rely mure heavily on alder-fixed-N in this resource-poor ecosystem. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Ft Collins, CO USA. Agr Res Inst, RALA, Reykjavik, Iceland. Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USGS Biol Resources Div, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Rhoades, C (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. NR 29 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 15 PU UNIVERSITE LAVAL PI ST FOY PA PAVILLON ALEXANDRE-VACHON, UNIV LAVAL, ST FOY, QUEBEC G1K 7P4, CANADA SN 1195-6860 J9 ECOSCIENCE JI Ecoscience PY 2001 VL 8 IS 1 BP 89 EP 95 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 423KQ UT WOS:000168175800011 ER PT J AU Baron, JS AF Baron, JS TI Lessons learned from long-term ecosystem research and monitoring in alpine and subalpine basins of the Colorado Rocky Mountains, USA SO EKOLOGIA-BRATISLAVA LA English DT Editorial Material ID SURFACE-ENERGY EXCHANGES; SNOW DISTRIBUTION; FRONT RANGE; TUNDRA; SITE AB Long-term ecosystem research and monitoring was begun in the Loch Vale watershed of Rocky Mountain National Park in 1983, after extensive survey work to identify the best location. Then, as now, our scientific objectives were to understand natural biogeochemical cycles and variability, so that we could differentiate ecosystem changes from human-caused disturbances, such as atmospheric deposition of pollutants and climate change. We have learned many lessons, often through our mistakes, that are worth passing on. Clear scientific objectives, even for long-term monitoring, are essential. Standardized methods, including rigorous quality assurance procedures should be adhered to from the beginning of the program. All data, even those collected routinely for background records, should be scrutinized and summarized at least once a year. Freely share basic information such as weather, hydrologic, chemical, and descriptive records with other researchers who can build upon your efforts. Use many tools when asking complex ecological questions, in order to minimize bias toward specific results. Publish frequently; long-term studies do not imply there are no interim conclusions or interesting findings. Interpret findings frequently to policy makers and citizens; increased understanding of the environment and human-caused changes may improve natural resource management, and build support for ecological research. And finally, be persistent. Long-term ecological research can be frustrating and difficult to maintain, yet is often the best way to observe and understand ecological change on a meaningful time scale. C1 Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Baron, JS (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Baron, Jill/C-5270-2016 OI Baron, Jill/0000-0002-5902-6251 NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SLOVAK ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI BRATISLAVA PA PO BOX 57 NAM SLOBODY 6, 810 05 BRATISLAVA, SLOVAKIA SN 1335-342X J9 EKOL BRATISLAVA JI Ekol. Bratisl. PY 2001 VL 20 SU 2 BP 25 EP 30 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 485PH UT WOS:000171762400005 ER PT J AU Hirsch, RM Miller, TL Hamilton, PA AF Hirsch, RM Miller, TL Hamilton, PA TI Using today's science to plan for tomorrow's water policies SO ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 409, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Assessment Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Hirsch, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 409, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0013-9157 J9 ENVIRONMENT JI Environment PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 43 IS 1 BP 8 EP 17 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 450XD UT WOS:000169769400002 ER PT J AU Williams, BK AF Williams, BK TI Uncertainty, learning, and the optimal management of wildlife SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE adaptive resource management; Bayes' theorem; dynamic model; optimal control; wildlife populations ID ADAPTIVE OPTIMIZATION; WATERFOWL HARVESTS AB Wildlife management is limited by uncontrolled and often unrecognized environmental variation, by limited capabilities to observe and control animal populations, and by a lack of understanding about the biological processes driving population dynamics. In this paper I describe a comprehensive framework for management that includes multiple models and likelihood values to account for structural uncertainty, along with stochastic factors to account for environmental variation, random sampling, and partial controllability. Adaptive optimization is developed in terms of the optimal control of incompletely understood populations, with the expected value of perfect information measuring the potential for improving control through learning. The framework for optimal adaptive control is generalized by including partial observability and non-adaptive, sample-based updating of model likelihoods. Passive adaptive management is derived as a special case of constrained adaptive optimization, representing a potentially efficient suboptimal alternative that nonetheless accounts for structural uncertainty. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Williams, BK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, 12202 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM byron_ken_williams@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1352-8505 EI 1573-3009 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT JI Environ. Ecol. Stat. PY 2001 VL 8 IS 3 BP 269 EP 288 DI 10.1023/A:1011395725123 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 450MQ UT WOS:000169748100006 ER PT J AU Auster, PJ Joy, K Valentine, PC AF Auster, PJ Joy, K Valentine, PC TI Fish species and community distributions as proxies for seafloor habitat distributions: the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary example (Northwest Atlantic, Gulf of Maine) SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE multibeam sonar; trawl survey; acoustic; reflectance; conservation; frequency dependence ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; PROTECTED AREAS; SCOTIAN SHELF; GEORGES-BANK; REEF; ASSOCIATIONS; ASSEMBLAGES; MEGAFAUNA; RESPONSES AB Defining the habitats of fishes and associated fauna on outer continental shelves is problematic given the paucity of data on the actual types and distributions of seafloor habitats. However many regions have good data on the distributions of fishes from resource surveys or catch statistics because of the economic importance of the fisheries. Fish distribution data (species or communities) have been used as a proxy for the distribution of habitats to develop precautionary conservation strategies for habitat protection (e.g., marine protected areas, fishing gear restrictions). In this study we assessed the relationships between the distributions of fish communities and species derived from trawl survey data with the spatial distribution of sediment types determined by sampling and acoustic reflectance derived from multibeam sonar surveys in Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary. Fish communities were correlated with reflectance values but all communities did not occur in unique sediment types. This suggests that use of community distributions as proxies for habitats should include the caveat that a greater number of communities within an area could indicate a greater range of habitat types. Single species distributions showed relationships between abundance and reflectance values. Trawl catches with low abundances had wide variations in reflectance values while those with high abundances had narrower ranges indicating habitat affinities. Significant non-random frequency-dependent relationships were observed for 17 of 20 species although only 12 of 20 species had significant relationships based on rank correlation. These results suggest that species distributions based on trawl survey data can be used as proxies for the distribution of seafloor habitats. Species with known habitat associations can be used to infer habitat requirements of co-occurring species and can be used to identify a range of habitat types. C1 Univ Connecticut, Natl Undersea Res Ctr, Groton, CT 06340 USA. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Auster, PJ (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Natl Undersea Res Ctr, Groton, CT 06340 USA. EM auster@uconnvm.uconn.edu NR 51 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PY 2001 VL 60 IS 4 BP 331 EP 346 DI 10.1023/A:1011022320818 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 414XN UT WOS:000167691600002 ER PT J AU May, TW Walther, MJ Petty, JD Fairchild, JF Lucero, J Delvaux, M Manring, J Armbruster, M Hartman, D AF May, TW Walther, MJ Petty, JD Fairchild, JF Lucero, J Delvaux, M Manring, J Armbruster, M Hartman, D TI An evaluation of selenium concentrations in water, sediment, invertebrates, and fish from the Republican River Basin: 1997-1999 SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE bioaccumulation; biological effects thresholds; fish; invertebrates; irrigation; Republican River; sediment; selenium; water ID IRRIGATION DRAINWATER; IMPACTS; CONTAMINATION; REPRODUCTION; BLUEGILLS; DRAINAGE AB The Republican River Basin of Colorado, Nebraska, and Kansas lies in a valley which contains Pierre Shale as part of its geological substrata. Selenium is an indigenous constituent in the shale and is readily leached into surrounding groundwater. The Basin is heavily irrigated through the pumping of groundwater, some of which is selenium-contaminated, onto fields in agricultural production. Water, sediment, benthic invertebrates, and/or fish were collected from 46 sites in the Basin and were analyzed for selenium to determine the potential for food-chain bioaccumulation, dietary toxicity, and reproductive effects of selenium in biota. Resulting selenium concentrations were compared to published guidelines or biological effects thresholds. Water from 38% of the sites (n = 18) contained selenium concentrations exceeding 5 mug L-1, which is reported to be a high hazard for selenium accumulation into the planktonic food chain. An additional 12 sites (26% of the sites) contained selenium in water between 3-5 mug L-1, constituting a moderate hazard. Selenium concentrations in sediment indicated little to no hazard for selenium accumulation from sediments into the benthic food chain. Ninety-five percent of benthic invertebrates collected exhibited selenium concentrations exceeding 3 mug g(-1), a level reported as potentially lethal to fish and birds that consume them. Seventy-five percent of fish collected in 1997, 90% in 1998, and 64% in 1999 exceeded 4 mug g(-1) selenium, indicating a high potential for toxicity and reproductive effects. However, examination of weight profiles of various species of collected individual fish suggested successful recruitment in spite of selenium concentrations that exceeded published biological effects thresholds for health and reproductive success. This finding suggested that universal application of published guidelines for selenium may be inappropriate or at least may need refinement for systems similar to the Republican River Basin. Additional research is needed to determine the true impact of selenium on fish and wildlife resources in the Basin. C1 Columbia Environm Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. US Bur Reclamat, Billings, MO USA. US Bur Reclamat, Nebraska Kansas Area Off, Gand Island, NE USA. US Bur Reclamat, D8210, Denver, CO USA. US Bur Reclamat, Dakota Area Off, Bismarck, ND USA. RP May, TW (reprint author), Columbia Environm Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 11 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PY 2001 VL 72 IS 2 BP 179 EP 206 DI 10.1023/A:1012041003657 PG 28 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 481RY UT WOS:000171534800004 PM 11720223 ER PT J AU Allen, GT Blackford, SH Tabor, VM Cringan, MS AF Allen, GT Blackford, SH Tabor, VM Cringan, MS TI Metals, boron, and selenium in Neosho madtom habitats in the Neosho River in Kansas, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE boron; fish; Kansas; metals; mussels; Neosho River; sediments; selenium ID CONTAMINANT-BIOMONITORING-PROGRAM; FRESH-WATER FISH; UNITED-STATES; HEAVY-METALS; CADMIUM; SEDIMENTS; LEAD; ZINC; ACCUMULATION; TOXICITY AB In 1991 and 1992 we determined the levels of metals, arsenic, boron, and selenium in the Neosho River drainage in southeastern Kansas, the primary habitat for the threatened Neosho madtom (Noturus placidus). We evaluated concentrations in sediments, mussels (Quadrula pustulosa and Q. metanevra), and fish (Percina phoxocephala, Cyprinus carpio, and Ictiobus bubalus) from three sites on the Neosho River and one site on the Cottonwood River. We also evaluated contaminant concentrations in C. carpio composite samples collected by the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) at two additional locations on the Neosho River in 1990-92. Sediments were contaminated by lead. Concentrations of selenium, boron, and most metals in mussels were low to normal for biota. Arsenic levels in mussels and fish suggest low-level contamination of biota. Aluminum, barium, manganese and strontium concentrations were much higher in mussels than in fish. Five fish composite samples had cadmium concentrations that indicate chronic deleterious effects on biota. Lead concentrations in six fish samples were elevated. Mercury concentrations in most large fish composites exceeded concentration for protection of animals that might consume them. We believe that reductions in cadmium, lead, and mercury contamination, in particular, would benefit aquatic life in the river. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Manhattan, KS USA. RP Allen, GT (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Off Migratory Bird Management, 4401 N Fairfax Dr,Suite 634, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 66 IS 1 BP 1 EP 21 DI 10.1023/A:1026433229820 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 376TU UT WOS:000165473500001 PM 11214445 ER PT J AU Zielinski, RA Otton, JK Budahn, JR AF Zielinski, RA Otton, JK Budahn, JR TI Use of radium isotopes to determine the age and origin of radioactive barite at oil-field production sites SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE radium; isotopes; barite; NORM; oil-field ID DE-FUCA RIDGE; HYDROTHERMAL ACTIVITY; THORIUM SERIES; UNITED-STATES; URANIUM; RADIONUCLIDES; DISEQUILIBRIUM; GEOCHEMISTRY; RA-226; RATIOS AB Radium-bearing barite (radiobarite) is a common constituent of scale and sludge deposits that form in oil-field production equipment. The barite forms as a precipitate from radium-bearing, saline formation water that is pumped to the surface along with oil. Radioactivity levels in some oil-field equipment and in soils contaminated by scale and sludge can be sufficiently high to pose a potential health threat. Accurate determinations of radium isotopes (Ra-226 + Ra-228) in soils are required to establish the level of soil contamination and the volume of soil that may exceed regulatory limits for total radium content. In this study the radium isotopic data are used to provide estimates of the age of formation of the radiobarite contaminant. Age estimates require that highly insoluble radiobarite approximates a chemically closed system from the time of its formation. Age estimates are based on the decay of short-lived Ra-228 (half-life = 5.76 years) compared to Ra-226 (half-life = 1600 years). Present activity ratios of Ra-228/Ra-226 in radio-barite-rich scale or highly contaminated soil are compared to initial ratios at the time of radiobarite precipitation. Initial ratios are estimated by measurements of saline water or recent barite precipitates at the site or by considering a range of probable initial ratios based on reported values in modern oil-field brines. At sites that contain two distinct radiobarite sources of different age, the soils containing mixtures of sources can be identified, and mixing proportions quantified using radium concentration and isotopic data. These uses of radium isotope data provide more description of contamination history and can possibly address liability issues. (C) Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Zielinski, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Mail Stop 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2001 VL 113 IS 3 BP 299 EP 309 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00188-3 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 442EA UT WOS:000169271200007 PM 11428138 ER PT J AU Karouna-Renier, NK Sparling, DW AF Karouna-Renier, NK Sparling, DW TI Relationships between ambient geochemistry, watershed land-use and trace metal concentrations in aquatic invertebrates living in stormwater treatment ponds SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE macroinvertebrates; stormwater ponds; metals; land-use; geochemistry ID URBAN-RUNOFF; HEAVY-METALS; TOXICITY; SEDIMENTS; COPPER; ZINC; LEAD AB Stormwater treatment ponds receive elevated levels of metals from urban runoff, but the effects of these pollutants on organisms residing in the ponds are unknown. We investigated the accumulation of Cu, Zn, and Pb by macroinvertebrates collected from stormwater treatment ponds in Maryland serving commercial, highway, residential and open-space watersheds, and determined whether watershed land-use classification influences metal concentrations in macroinvertebrates. sediments, and water. Three types of invertebrate samples were analyzed - molluscs. odonates. and composite. Zn concentrations in odonates from ponds draining watersheds with commercial development (mean = 113.82 mug g(-1)) were significantly higher than concentrations in the other land-use categories. Similarly, Cu levels in odonates from commercial ponds (mean = 27.12 mug g(-1)) were significantly higher than from highway (mean = 20.23 mug g(-1)) and open space (mean = 17.79 mug g(-1)) ponds. However, metal concentrations in sediments and water did not differ significantly among land-uses. The results suggest that despite the high variation in ambient metal concentrations within each land-use category, macroinvertebrates in ponds serving commercial watersheds accumulate higher levels of Cu and Zn. The levels of Cu, Zn, and Pb in invertebrates from all ponds were less than dietary concentrations considered toxic to fish. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Univ Maryland, Toxicol Program, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. RP Sparling, DW (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM don_sparling@usgs.gov OI Karouna-Renier, Natalie/0000-0001-7127-033X NR 24 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2001 VL 112 IS 2 BP 183 EP 192 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00119-6 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 401KZ UT WOS:000166927900009 PM 11234534 ER PT J AU Krupa, S Nosal, M Peterson, DL AF Krupa, S Nosal, M Peterson, DL TI Use of passive ambient ozone (O-3) samplers in vegetation effects assessment SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE ambient ozone; passive sampling; continuous monitoring; frequency distribution; simulation modeling; ecological effects ID TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; ATMOSPHERE; POLLUTANTS AB A stochastistic, Weibull probability model was developed and verified to simulate the underlying frequency distributions of hourly ozone (O-3) concentrations (exposure dynamics) using the single, weekly mean values obtained from a passive (sodium nitrite absorbent) sampler. The simulation was based on the data derived from a co-located continuous monitor. Although at the moment the model output may be considered as being specific to the elevation and location of the study site, the results were extremely good. This effort for the approximation of the O-3 exposure dynamics can be extended to other sites with similar data sets and in developing a generalized understanding of the stochastic O-3 exposure-plant response relationships, conferring measurable benefits to the future use of passive O-3 samplers, in the absence of continuous monitoring. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Calgary, Dept Math & Stat, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. Univ Washington, USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Cascadia Field Stn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Krupa, S (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, 495 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 33 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2001 VL 112 IS 3 BP 303 EP 309 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00228-1 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 413QC UT WOS:000167622400002 PM 11291436 ER PT J AU Vyas, NB Spann, JW Heinz, GH AF Vyas, NB Spann, JW Heinz, GH TI Lead shot toxicity to passerines SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Review DE blood lead; erosion; lead shot; liver lead; passerines ID SHOOTING-RANGE SOILS; PROTOPORPHYRIN; WATERFOWL; EXPOSURE; DUCKS AB This study evaluated the toxicity of a single size 7.5 lead shot to passerines. No mortalities or signs of plumbism were observed in dosed cowbirds (Molothrus ater.) fed a commercial diet, but when given a more natural diet, three of 10 dosed birds died within 1 day. For all survivors from which shot were recovered, all but one excreted the shot within 24 h of dosing, whereas, the dead birds retained their shot. Shot erosion was significantly greater (P < 0.05) when weathered shot were ingested compared to new shot, and the greatest erosion was observed in those birds that died (2.2-9.7%). Blood lead concentrations of birds dosed with new shot were not significantly different (P = 0.14) from those of birds exposed to weathered shot. Liver lead concentrations of birds that died ranged from 71 to 137 ppm, dry weight. Despite the short amount of rime the shot was retained, songbirds may absorb sufficient lead to compromise their survival. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Vyas, NB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2001 VL 111 IS 1 BP 135 EP 138 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00333-4 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 354NL UT WOS:000089336500015 PM 11202707 ER PT J AU Wong, CS Garrison, AW Foreman, WT AF Wong, CS Garrison, AW Foreman, WT TI Enantiomeric composition of chiral polychlorinated biphenyl atropisomers in aquatic bed sediment SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION; ALCALIGENES-EUTROPHUS H850; ELECTRON-CAPTURE DETECTION; HOUSATONIC-RIVER SEDIMENT; HUDSON RIVER; REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION; ANAEROBIC MICROORGANISMS; ALPHA-HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE; META-DECHLORINATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY AB Enantiomeric ratios (ERs) for eight polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) atropisomers were measured in aquatic sediment from selected sites throughout the United States by using chiral gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Nonracemic ERs for PCBs 91, 95, 132, 136, 149, 174, and 176 were found in sediment cores from Lake Hartwell, SC, which confirmed previous inconclusive reports of reductive dechlorination of PCBs at these sites on the basis of achiral measurements. Nonracemic ERs for many of the atropisomers were also found in bed-sediment samples from the Hudson and Housatonic Rivers, thus indicating that some of the PCB biotransformation processes identified at these sites are enantioselective. Patterns in ERs among congeners were consistent with known reductive dechlorination patterns at both river sediment basins. The enantioselectivity of PCB 91 is reversed between the Hudson and Housatonic River sites, which implies that the two sites have different PCB biotransformation processes with different enantiomer preferences. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Garrison, AW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM garrison.wayne@epa.gov RI Wong, Charles/B-4215-2012 OI Wong, Charles/0000-0002-5743-2942 NR 50 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 35 IS 1 BP 33 EP 39 DI 10.1021/es0012570 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 390QV UT WOS:000166308600019 PM 11352023 ER PT J AU Stegeman, JJ Schlezinger, JJ Craddock, KE Tillitt, DE AF Stegeman, JJ Schlezinger, JJ Craddock, KE Tillitt, DE TI Cytochrome P450 1A expression in midwater fishes: Potential effects of chemical contaminants in remote oceanic zones SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HALOGENATED AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SCUP STENOTOMUS-CHRYSOPS; MIXED-FUNCTION OXIDASES; CYP1A1 MESSENGER-RNA; MARINE FISH; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; MONOOXYGENASE ACTIVITY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY; CROSS-REACTIVITY AB Cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) induction is a robust marker for exposure to polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and planar halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons that are aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists, We examined CYP1A expression in mesopelagic fishes from the western North Atlantic. Individuals in 22 species were obtained from slope water and the Sargasso Sea in 1977, 1978, and 1993. Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH), a CYP1A activity, was detected in liver from all species in 1977/78. In some, including Gonostoma elongatum, AHH was inhibited by the CYP1A inhibitor a-naphthoflavone. CYP1A-dependent ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) was detected in liver microsomes of all species in 1993; rates were highest in G. elongatum and Argyropelecus aculeatus. Immunoblot analysis with the CYP1A-specific monoclonal antibody 1-12-3 detected a single microsomal protein band in most 1993 samples; the highest content was in G. elongatum. Immunohistochemical analysis showed CYP1A staining in gill, heart, kidney, and/or liver of several species. Extracts of the 1993 G. elongatum and A. aculeatus, when applied to fish hepatoma cells (PLHC-1) in culture, elicited a significant induction of EROD in those cells. The capacity of the extracts to induce CYP1A correlated with the content of PCBs measured in the same fish (2-4.6 ng/g total body weight). Mesopelagic fish in the western North Atlantic, which experience no direct exposure to surface waters or sediments, are exposed chronically to inducers of CYP1A at levels that appear to be biochemically active in those fish. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Stegeman, JJ (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jstegeman@whoi.edu OI Schlezinger, Jennifer/0000-0001-6834-4369 NR 62 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 35 IS 1 BP 54 EP 62 DI 10.1021/es0012265 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 390QV UT WOS:000166308600022 PM 11352026 ER PT J AU Smith, RL Miller, DN Brooks, MH Widdowson, MA Killingstad, MW AF Smith, RL Miller, DN Brooks, MH Widdowson, MA Killingstad, MW TI In situ stimulation of groundwater denitrification with formate to remediate nitrate contamination SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NITRITE ACCUMULATION; PARACOCCUS-DENITRIFICANS; PSEUDOMONAS-STUTZERI; POROUS-MEDIA; WATER; METABOLISM; TRANSPORT; GROWTH; OXYGEN; FIELD AB In: situ stimulation of denitrification has been proposed as a mechanism to remediate groundwater nitrate contamination. In this study, sodium formate was added to a sand and gravel aquifer on Cape God, MA, to test whether formate could serve as a potential electron donor for subsurface denitrification. During 16- and 10-day trials, groundwater from an anoxic nitrate-containing zone (0.5-1.5 mM) was continuously withdrawn, amended with formate and bromide, and pumped hack into the aquifer. Concentrations of groundwater constituents were monitored in multilevel samplers after up to 15 m of transport by natural gradient flow. Nitrate and formate concentrations were decreased 80-100% and 60-70%, respectively, with time and subsequent travel distance, while nitrite concentrations inversely increased. The field experiment breakthrough curves were simulated with a two-dimensional site-specific model that included transport, denitrification, and microbial growth. Initial values for model parameters were obtained from laboratory incubations with aquifer core material and then refined to fit field breakthrough curves. The model and the lab results indicated that formate-enhanced nitrite reduction was nearly 4-fold slower than nitrate reduction, hut in the lab, nitrite was completely consumed with sufficient exposure time. Results of this study suggest that a long-term injection of formate is necessary to test the remediation potential of this approach for nitrate contamination and that adaptation to nitrite accumulation will be a key determinative factor. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Smith, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI Smith, Richard/A-6733-2008; Lucas, Elizabeth/E-2733-2010; OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-3829-0125; Miller, Daniel/0000-0003-3476-487X NR 45 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 35 IS 1 BP 196 EP 203 DI 10.1021/es001360p PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 390QV UT WOS:000166308600042 PM 11352011 ER PT J AU Feist, G Schreck, CB AF Feist, G Schreck, CB TI Ontogeny of the stress response in chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha SO FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE cortisol; early development; whole body steroid content ID RAINBOW-TROUT; COHO SALMON; THYROID-HORMONE; LYMPHOID ORGANS; PLASMA-CORTISOL; KISUTCH; MYKISS; RESPONSIVENESS; LARVAE; PERIOD AB Whole body concentrations of cortisol were determined via radioimmunoassay in chinook salmon, Onchorynchus tshawytscha, during early development in both stressed and non-stressed fish to determine when the corticosteroidogenic stress response first appeared. Progeny from both pooled and individual females were examined to determine if differences existed in offspring from different females. Levels of cortisol were low in eyed eggs, increased at hatch, decreased 2 weeks later and then remained constant thereafter. Differences in cortisol between stressed and control fish were found 1 week after hatch and persisted for the remainder of the study. The magnitude of the stress response, or relative amount of cortisol produced, generally increased from the time when it was first detected, but a decrease in the ability to elicit cortisol was seen 4 weeks after hatching. Cortisol content of separate progeny from two individual females showed a similar pattern to that seen in pooled eggs. Our results indicate that chinook salmon are capable of producing cortisol following a stressful event approximately 1 week after the time of hatching. The decrease in endogenous cortisol content seen 2 weeks after hatching, and the decrease in the magnitude of the stress response seen 4 weeks after hatching may be comparable to developmental events documented in mammals where corticosteroid synthesis is inhibited to neutralize possible detrimental effects of these hormones during critical periods of development. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Biol Resources Div, US Geol Survey,Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Feist, G (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/F-8310-2010 OI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/0000-0001-9688-184X NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 14 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-1742 J9 FISH PHYSIOL BIOCHEM JI Fish Physiol. Biochem. PY 2001 VL 25 IS 1 BP 31 EP 40 DI 10.1023/A:1019709323520 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology GA 582YY UT WOS:000177379800004 ER PT J AU Yoshizaki, G Shusa, M Takeuchi, T Patino, R AF Yoshizaki, G Shusa, M Takeuchi, T Patino, R TI Gonadotropin-dependent oocyte maturational competence requires activation of the protein kinase A pathway and synthesis of RNA and protein in ovarian follicles of Nibe, Nibea mitsukurii (Teleostei, Sciaenidae) SO FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE fish; gonadotropin; maturation; ovarian follicle; protein; protein kinase A; protein kinase C; RNA; steroid ID ATLANTIC CROAKER; MEMBRANE-RECEPTOR; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; RAINBOW-TROUT; MECHANISMS; HORMONES; INVITRO AB Luteinizing hormone-(LH)-dependent ovarian follicle maturation has been recently described in two stages for teleost fishes. The oocyte's ability to respond to the steroidal maturation-inducing hormone (MIH), also known as oocyte maturational competence (OMC), is acquired during the first stage; whereas the MIH-dependent resumption of meiosis occurs during the second stage. However, studies directly addressing OMC have been performed with a limited number of species and therefore the general relevance of the two-stage model and its mechanisms remain uncertain. In this study, we examined the hormonal regulation of OMC and its basic transduction mechanisms in ovarian follicles of the sciaenid teleost, Nibe (Nibea mitsukurii). Exposure to MIH [17,20beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one or 17,20beta,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one] stimulated germinal vesicle breakdown (index of meiotic resumption) in full-grown follicles primed with human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG, an LH-like gonadotropin) but not in those pre-cultured in plain incubation medium. The induction of OMC by HCG was mimicked by protein kinase A (PKA) activators (forskolin and dibutyryl cyclic AMP), and blocked by specific inhibitors of PKA (H89 and H8) as well as inhibitors of RNA (actinomycin D) and protein (cycloheximide) synthesis. Forskolin-induced OMC was also inhibited by actinomycin D and cycloheximide. A strong activator of protein kinase C, PMA, inhibited HCG-dependent OMC. In conclusion, OMC in Nibe ovarian follicles is gonadotropin-dependent and requires activation of the PKA pathway followed by gene transcription and translation events. These observations are consistent with the two-stage model of ovarian follicle maturation proposed for other teleosts, and suggest that Nibe can be used as new model species for mechanistic studies of ovarian follicle differentiation and maturation in fishes. C1 Tokyo Univ Fisheries, Dept Aquat Biosci, Minato Ku, Tokyo 1088477, Japan. Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Yoshizaki, G (reprint author), Tokyo Univ Fisheries, Dept Aquat Biosci, Minato Ku, 4-5-7 Konan, Tokyo 1088477, Japan. RI YOSHIZAKI, Goro/O-1937-2014 NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-1742 J9 FISH PHYSIOL BIOCHEM JI Fish Physiol. Biochem. PY 2001 VL 25 IS 3 BP 201 EP 208 DI 10.1023/A:1022209710224 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology GA 642AV UT WOS:000180781900004 ER PT J AU Clements, S Schreck, CB AF Clements, S Schreck, CB TI The GABA(a) agonist muscimol enhances locomotor activity, but does not alter the behavioural effects of CRH in juvenile spring chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) SO FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE baclofen; behaviour; bicuculline; CRH; GABA; monoamine ID CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE; GABAERGIC MECHANISM; DOPAMINERGIC DRUGS; RAT; ACTIVATION; TELEOST; LAMPREY; INVITRO; SYSTEM; BRAIN AB The present study investigated the effects of manipulating the GABAergic system on locomotor activity in juvenile spring chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. In addition, we evaluated whether the GABAergic system is important for mediating the behavioural effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). An intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of the GABA(a) agonist muscimol caused an acute and dose dependent increase in locomotor activity in juvenile spring chinook salmon. ICV injections of the GABA(a) antagonist bicuculline prevented the increase in activity when administered concurrently with muscimol. The GABA(b) agonist baclofen had no effect on locomotor activity in this study. Furthermore, we found no evidence that the locomotor response to exogenous CRH was altered by the concurrent administration of muscimol or bicuculline. These results provide evidence to support the hypothesis that endogenous GABA within the central nervous system is involved in the control of locomotor activity in fish. The data also suggest that there is no interaction between the GABAergic system and CRH with regards to the control of locomotor activity in this species. C1 Oregon State Univ, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, USGS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Schreck, CB (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Carl.Schreck@orst.edu NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-1742 J9 FISH PHYSIOL BIOCHEM JI Fish Physiol. Biochem. PY 2001 VL 24 IS 1 BP 41 EP 48 DI 10.1023/A:1011102420877 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology GA 441CF UT WOS:000169212900005 ER PT J AU Grace, JB AF Grace, JB TI Difficulties with estimating and interpreting species pools and the implications for understanding patterns of diversity SO FOLIA GEOBOTANICA LA English DT Article DE competition; included niches; observed species pools; potential species pools; species richness ID MARSH PLANT COMMUNITY; ENGLAND SALT-MARSH; COASTAL WETLAND; RICHNESS; DENSITY; BIOMASS; SCALE; PRODUCTIVITY; GRADIENT; POPULATIONS AB Evidence has been accumulating that species pools play a major role in regulating variations in small-scale diversity. However, our ability to unambiguously estimate and interpret species pools remains a major impediment to understanding the processes that control patterns of diversity. Two main approaches have been employed to evaluate the relationships between species pools and species diversity. The direct approach has been to estimate the actual sizes of species pools by sampling discrete areas at larger spatial scales and then relating these estimates to samples taken at smaller scales. The indirect approach has been to search for correlations between abiotic environmental factors and patterns of diversity that are indicative of gradients in species pools. Both of these approaches have substantial predictive capability but also have limitations that impair our ability to draw unambiguous interpretations about causal factors. A primary difficulty for the direct approach is in deciding which species in the larger pool of potential species are actually capable of living in a sample. In this regard, the indirect approach requires fewer assumptions and has the ability to detect previously unsuspected gradients in species pools. As with the direct approach, assessing the causes for observed gradients in species pools remains a limitation for the indirect approach, Consideration of experimental studies of potential niches suggests that it may be valuable to distinguish between potential and observed species pools if the role of competitive exclusion is to be fully assessed. This paper concludes by arguing for (1) an increased use of multivariate studies that examine the effects of species pools indirectly and (2) further experimental studies designed to determine potential species pools. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Grace, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. NR 61 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC INST BOTANY PI PRAGUE PA PRUHONICE NEAR PRAHA, PRAGUE 252 43, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0015-5551 J9 FOLIA GEOBOT JI Folia Geobot. PY 2001 VL 36 IS 1 BP 71 EP 83 DI 10.1007/BF02803140 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 434QX UT WOS:000168828300009 ER PT J AU Querol, X Klika, Z Weiss, Z Finkelman, RB Alastuey, A Juan, R Lopez-Soler, A Plana, F Kolker, A Chenery, SRN AF Querol, X Klika, Z Weiss, Z Finkelman, RB Alastuey, A Juan, R Lopez-Soler, A Plana, F Kolker, A Chenery, SRN TI Determination of element affinities by density fractionation of bulk coal samples SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE coal geochemistry; trace elements; density fractionation; organic and inorganic bounds ID COMBUSTION AB A review has been made of the various methods of determining major and trace element affinities for different phases, both mineral and organic in coals, citing their various strengths and weaknesses. These include mathematical deconvolution of chemical analyses, direct microanalysis, sequential extraction procedures and density fractionation. A new methodology combining density fractionation with mathematical deconvolution of chemical analyses of whole coals and their density fractions has been evaluated. These coals formed part of the IEA-Coal Research project on the Modes of Occurrence of Trace Elements in Coal. Results were compared to a previously reported sequential extraction methodology and showed good agreement for most elements. For particular elements (Be, Mo, Cu, Se and REEs) in specific coals where disagreement was found, it was concluded that the occurrence of rare trace element bearing phases may account for the discrepancy, and modifications to the general procedure must be made to account for these. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CSIC, Inst Earth Sci Jaume Almera, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Tech Univ Ostrava, CS-70833 Ostrava, Czech Republic. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. British Geol Survey, Nottingham NG12 5GG, England. RP Querol, X (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Earth Sci Jaume Almera, C Lluis Sole & Sabaris S-N, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. RI Alastuey, Andres/E-1706-2014; Querol, Xavier/E-2800-2014; Chenery, Simon/G-4733-2013 OI Alastuey, Andres/0000-0002-5453-5495; Querol, Xavier/0000-0002-6549-9899; Chenery, Simon/0000-0002-4096-0183 NR 28 TC 37 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 BP 83 EP 96 DI 10.1016/S0016-2361(00)00059-4 PG 14 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 372YX UT WOS:000165262600010 ER PT J AU Nielsen, JL Sage, GK AF Nielsen, JL Sage, GK TI Microsatellite analyses of the trout of northwest Mexico SO GENETICA LA English DT Article DE evolution; Mexican golden trout; Mexican trout; microsatellites; Oncorhynchus mykiss; population genetics; Rio Yaqui; Sierra Madre ID STEELHEAD ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; ESTIMATING RELATEDNESS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; POPULATION; LOCI; CONSERVATION; RIVER AB The trout of northwest Mexico represent an undescribed group of fish considered part of the Oncorhynchus mykiss (Pacific trout) complex of species and subspecies. Recent genetic studies have shown these fish to have important genetic diversity and a unique evolutionary history when compared to coastal rainbow trout. Increased levels of allelic diversity have been found in this species at the southern extent of its range. In this study we describe the trout in the Sierra Madre Occidental from the rios Yaqui, Mayo, Casas Grandes and de Bavispe, and their relationship to the more southern distribution of Mexican golden trout (O. chrysogaster) using 11 microsatellite loci. Microsatellite allelic diversity in Mexican trout was high with a mean of 6.6 alleles/locus, average heterozygosity = 0.35, and a mean F-st = 0.43 for all loci combined. Microsatellite data were congruent with previously published mtDNA results showing unique panmictic population structure in the Rio Yaqui trout that differs from Pacific coastal trout and Mexican golden trout. These data also add support for the theory of headwaters transfer of trout across the Continental Divide from tributaries of the Rio de Bavispe into the Rio Casas Grandes. Rio Mayo trout share a close genetic relationship to trout in Rio Yaqui, but sample sizes from the Rio Mayo prevent significant comparisons in this study. Microsatellite analyses show significant allelic frequency differences between Rio Yaqui trout and O. chrysogaster in Sinaloa and Durango Mexico, adding further support for a unique evolutionary status for this group of northwestern Mexican trout. C1 USGS, Biol Resources Div, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Nielsen, JL (reprint author), USGS, Biol Resources Div, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-6707 J9 GENETICA JI Genetica PY 2001 VL 111 IS 1-3 BP 269 EP 278 DI 10.1023/A:1013777701213 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 511NJ UT WOS:000173270000022 PM 11841172 ER PT J AU Muhs, DR Holliday, VT AF Muhs, DR Holliday, VT TI Origin of late quaternary dune fields on the Southern High Plains of Texas and New Mexico SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Blackwater Draw Formation; dunes; geochemistry; New Mexico; Pecos River; provenance; Texas ID NEBRASKA SAND HILLS; HOLOCENE EOLIAN ACTIVITY; STRATIGRAPHIC EVIDENCE; GREAT-PLAINS; PALEOCLIMATIC SIGNIFICANCE; NORTHEASTERN COLORADO; SOIL FORMATION; USA; SEDIMENTATION; DEPOSITION AB Mostly stabilized late Holocene eolian sands on the Southern High Plains of the United States were studied to determine their origins and to assess whether present dune stability depends more strongly on sediment supply, sediment availability, or transport limitations. Geomorphic, sedimentological, and geochemical trends indicate that late Holocene dunes formed under westerly paleowinds, broadly similar to those of today. Mineralogical and geochemical data indicate that the most Likely source for the sands is not the Pecos River valley, but the Pleistocene Blackwater Draw Formation, an older, extensive eolian deposit in the region. These observations suggest that new sand is supplied whenever vegetation cover is diminished to the extent that the Blackwater Draw Formation can be eroded, in agreement with modern observations of wind erosion in the region. We conclude, therefore, that Southern High Plains dunes are stabilized primarily due to a vegetation cover. The dunes are thus sediment-availability limited. This conclusion is consistent with the observation that, in the warmest, driest part of the region (where vegetation cover is minimal), dunes are currently active over a large area. Geochemical data indicate that Southern High Plains dunes are the most mineralogically mature (quartz rich) sands yet studied in the Great Plains, which suggests a long history of eolian activity, either in the dune fields or during deposition of the Blackwater Draw Formation. C1 US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Muhs, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS 980,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 60 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 12 PU ASSOC ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI COLLEGE STN PA TEXAS A & M UNIV, DEPT GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843-3115 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 113 IS 1 BP 75 EP 87 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(2001)113<0075:OOLQDF>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 392YT UT WOS:000166440700005 ER PT J AU Ganis, GR Williams, SH Repetski, JE AF Ganis, GR Williams, SH Repetski, JE TI New biostratigraphic information from the western part of the Hamburg klippe, Pennsylvania, and its significance for interpreting the depositional and tectonic history of the klippe SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE conodonts; graptolites; Hamburg klippe; Martinsburg Formation; Ordovician ID TACONIC OROGENY; GRAPTOLITES; APPALACHIANS; NEWFOUNDLAND; TREMADOC; SHALE AB Biostratigraphic investigation of the graptolite and conodont faunas of the western part of the Hamburg klippe of eastern Pennsylvania permits a revised stratigraphic framework and new conclusions regarding its likely tectonic setting. Graptolite and conodont data reveal an almost complete Lower to lower Upper Ordovician zonal section. No Cambrian strata appear to be present, with the possible exception of the uppermost part. During Early to early Middle Ordovician time, medium- to fine-grained siliciclastics and minor carbonate sediments were deposited in a lower slope and rise setting. These sediments were consolidated and incorporated as olistoliths in an olistostrome, possibly as a trench-fill complex, during the Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian 3/4). This olistostrome, which contains large Lower and lower Middle Ordovician fragments within a matrix of shales, siltstones, and sandstones of Da 3/4 age, is herein named the Shellsville Member of the Dauphin Formation. Turbidites, here assigned to the Nyes Road Member of the Dauphin Formation, were also deposited during Da 3/4 time. These rocks interfinger with red beds of the here-named Manada Hill Member of the Dauphin Formation. The red shales, cherts, and associated rocks of the Manada Hill Member are pelagic deposits that range in age from at least early Arenig through middle LIanvirn time. These allochthonous rocks were emplaced as a gravity-generated klippe into the Martinsburg foreland basin during late Climacograptus bicornis or early Dicranograptus clingani time. These three members compose the Dauphin Formation (new) in the western part of the klippe area. Prior to emplacement of the allochthon, syntectonic flysch and scattered wildflysch of the Martinsburg Formation were deposited. Some graptolite faunas from the Martinsburg Formation, where contiguous with the klip pe, may be slightly older than those known from areas farther from the klippe. This could indicate an earlier start of deposition in the Martinsburg foreland basin in advance of the allochthon. The klippe occupied a large space in the Martinsburg foreland basin and it diverted deposition in this area until it was finally covered by late Martinsburg age sediment. The Dauphin Formation is now structurally interleaved and folded with the Martinsburg Formation as a result of late Taconian and later Alleghenian tectonism. C1 Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Earth Sci, St Johns, NF A1B 3XB, Canada. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA USA. RP Ganis, GR (reprint author), POB 6128, Harrisburg, PA 17112 USA. NR 64 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 3 PU ASSOC ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI COLLEGE STN PA TEXAS A & M UNIV, DEPT GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843-3115 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 113 IS 1 BP 109 EP 128 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(2001)113<0109:NBIFTW>2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 392YT UT WOS:000166440700007 ER PT J AU Granina, LZ Callender, E Lomonosov, IS Mats, VD Golobokova, LP AF Granina, LZ Callender, E Lomonosov, IS Mats, VD Golobokova, LP TI Anomalies in the composition of Baikal pore waters SO GEOLOGIYA I GEOFIZIKA LA Russian DT Article DE pore water; anomalies; concentrations; faults; ions; Lake Baikal ID LAKE-BAIKAL; SIBERIA AB Anomalies in pore water composition have been found in the 100 m long core BDP-93 that was drilled in southern Lake Baikal, in four piston cores (1 to 8 m in length) taken from the same region, and in recent sediments from Frolikha Bay, a hydrothermal vent site in northern Lake Baikal. Pore water anomalies are manifested as significant increases in concentration of sulfates, bicarbonates, chlorides, and the ions of alkali and alkali-earth metals. Anomalies were found at different depths below the sediment-water interface (from centimeters to tens of meters), and the level of pore water enrichment in these components varies from station to station. Anomalies have specific features in each of the Lake Baikal basins. It is shown that there is a genetic relationship between subaquatic and terrestrial centers of thermal-water discharge in northern Lake Baikal. These anomalous pore-water concentrations are presumably due to the leaching of ambient sediments. In southern Lake Baikal, in the Selenga river delta, ground waters of specific composition that are relies of ancient salt lakes could serve as a source of anomalous concentrations in pore-water components. Their influence may be realized through the extensive zones of increased permeability. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Div, Inst Limnol, Irkutsk 664033, Russia. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Div, Inst Geochem, Irkutsk 664033, Russia. RP Granina, LZ (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Div, Inst Limnol, Ul Ulan Batorskaya 3, Irkutsk 664033, Russia. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU RUSSIAN ACAD SCIENCES SIBERIAN BRANCH PI NOVOSIBIRSK PA S P C U I G G M S B R A S, 3 AKADEMIKA KOPTYGA PROSPEKT, 630090 NOVOSIBIRSK, RUSSIA SN 0016-7886 J9 GEOL GEOFIZ JI Geol. Geofiz. PY 2001 VL 42 IS 1-2 BP 362 EP 372 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 423FD UT WOS:000168164000034 ER PT J AU Fuis, GS Ryberg, T Godfrey, NJ Okaya, DA Murphy, JM AF Fuis, GS Ryberg, T Godfrey, NJ Okaya, DA Murphy, JM TI Crustal structure and tectonics from the Los Angeles basin to the Mojave Desert, southern California SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE crustal structure; tectonics; continental margin; mountain building; southern California ID WHITTIER-NARROWS EARTHQUAKE; CROSS-SECTION; FAULT; MOUNTAINS; REGION; AREA AB A seismic refraction and low-fold reflection survey, known as the Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment (LARSE), was conducted along a transect (line 1) extending from Seal Beach, California, to the Mojave Desert, crossing the Los Angeles and San Gabriel Valley basins and San Gabriel Mountains. The chief result of this survey is an interpreted cross section that addresses a number of questions regarding the crustal structure and tectonics of southern California that have been debated for decades and have important implications for earthquake hazard assessment. The results (or constraints) are as follows. (1) The maximum depth of the Los Angeles basin along line 1 is 8-9 km, (2) The deep structure of the Sierra Madre fault zone in the northern San Gabriel Valley is as follows. The Duarte branch of the Sierra Madre fault zone forms a buried, 2.5-km-high, moderately north dipping buttress between the sedimentary and volcanic rocks of the San Gabriel Valley and the igneous and metamorphic rocks of the San Gabriel Mountains. (For deeper structure, see following.) (3) There are active crustal decollements in southern California. At middle-crustal depths, the Sierra Madre fault zone appears to sole into a master decollement that terminates northward at the San Andreas fault and projects southward beneath the San Gabriel Valley to the Puente Hills blind thrust fault. (4) The dip and depth extent of the San Andreas fault along line 1 dips steeply (similar to 83 degrees) northward and extends to at least the Moho, (5) The subsurface lateral extent of the Pelona Schist in southern California is as follows, Along line 1, the Pelona Schist underlies much, if not all of the San Gabriel Mountains south of the San Andreas fault to middle-crustal depths. North of the San Andreas fault, it is apparently not present along the transect. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Fuis, GS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RI Ryberg, Trond/H-4329-2013; OI Ryberg, Trond/0000-0001-7129-5596; Fuis, Gary/0000-0002-3078-1544 NR 30 TC 70 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 14 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JAN PY 2001 VL 29 IS 1 BP 15 EP 18 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0015:CSATFT>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 392ZA UT WOS:000166441700004 ER PT J AU Pearson, DA Schaefer, T Johnson, KR Nichols, DJ AF Pearson, DA Schaefer, T Johnson, KR Nichols, DJ TI Palynologically calibrated vertebrate record from North Dakota consistent with abrupt dinosaur extinction at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hell Creek Formation; dinosaurs; palynology; Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary; extinction ID USA AB New data from 17 Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) boundary sections and 53 vertebrate sites in the Hell Creek and Fort Union Formations in southwestern North Dakota document a 1.76 m barren interval between the highest Cretaceous vertebrate fossils and the palynologically recognized K-T boundary. The boundary is above the formational contact at 15 localities and coincident with it at two, demonstrating that the formational contact is diachronous. Dinosaurs are common in the highest Cretaceous vertebrate samples and a partial dinosaur skeleton in the Port Union Formation is the highest recorded Cretaceous vertebrate fossil in this area. C1 Pioneer Trails Reg Museum, Bowman, ND 58623 USA. Denver Museum Nat & Sci, Denver, CO 80205 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Pearson, DA (reprint author), Pioneer Trails Reg Museum, Bowman, ND 58623 USA. NR 21 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JAN PY 2001 VL 29 IS 1 BP 39 EP 42 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0039:PCVRFN>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 392ZA UT WOS:000166441700010 ER PT J AU Southam, G Donald, R Rostad, A Brock, C AF Southam, G Donald, R Rostad, A Brock, C TI Pyrite discs in coal: Evidence for fossilized bacterial colonies SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pyrite; coal; sulfate-reducing bacteria; microfossils ID SULFUR ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; SULFATE REDUCTION; IRON(II) MONOSULFIDE; FRAMBOIDAL PYRITE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; MINE TAILINGS; H2S OXIDATION; SALT-MARSH; KINETICS AB Discs of pyrite from 1 to 3 mm in diameter and similar to 100 mum thick were observed within fracture planes in coal from the Black Mesa coal deposit in northeastern Arizona. The pyrite discs were composed of aggregates of crystals, which suggested that sulfide mineral diagenesis had initiated at multiple nucleation sites and occurred prior to the compaction farces occurring during coal formation. Stable sulfur isotope analysis of the discs (delta S-34 = -31.7 parts per thousand) supports a bacterial origin resulting from dissimilatory sulfate reduction. Fossilized bacteria on the disc surfaces (average = 27/100 mum(2)) appeared as halos when viewed using reflected light microscopy, but were lenticular by scanning electron microscopy, each microfossil being 2-3 mum in length. A fossilized bacterial colony (pyrite disc), 1 mm in diameter, would contain similar to2.1 x 10(7) microfossils. These microfossils were not observed on hydrothermal pyrite. Coating and in-filling of sulfate-reducing bacteria with iron disulfide during in vitro sulfide mineral diagenesis provide mechanisms to explain the preservation of the three-dimensional lenticular microfossils observed on the pyrite discs. C1 No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Southam, G (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Box 5640, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RI Southam, Gordon/D-1983-2013 OI Southam, Gordon/0000-0002-8941-1249 NR 52 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 15 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JAN PY 2001 VL 29 IS 1 BP 47 EP 50 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0047:PDICEF>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 392ZA UT WOS:000166441700012 ER PT J AU Poore, RZ Dowsett, HJ AF Poore, RZ Dowsett, HJ TI Pleistocene reduction of polar ice caps: Evidence from Cariaco Basin marine sediments SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE interglacial; sea level; ice caps; global change; paleoclimate ID ANTARCTIC ICE; COLLAPSE; SHEET; OCEAN AB Sea level is projected to rise between 13 and 94 cm over the next 100 yr due to continued climate warming. The sea-level projections assume that polar ice sheets will remain stable or even increase on time scales of centuries, but controversial geologic evidence suggests that current polar ice sheets have been eliminated or greatly reduced during previous Pleistocene interglacials indicating that modern polar ice sheets have become unstable within the natural range of interglacial climates. Sea level may have been more than 20 m higher than today during a presumably very warm interglacial about 400 ka during marine isotope stage 11. Because of the implications for future sea level rise, additional study of the conflicting evidence for warmer conditions and higher sea level during marine isotope stage 11 is needed. Here we present microfossil and isotopic data from marine sediments of the Cariaco Basin supporting the interpretation that global sea level was 10-20 m higher than today during marine isotope stage 11. The increased sea level requires reduction in modern polar ice sheets and is consistent with the interpretation that the West Antarctic ice sheet and the Greenland ice sheet were absent or greatly reduced during marine isotope stage 11. Our results show a warm marine isotope stage 11 interglacial climate with sea level as high as or above modern sea level that lasted for 25 to 30 k.y. Variations in Earth's orbit around the sun (Milankovitch cycles) are considered to be a primary external force driving glacial-interglacial cycles. Current and marine isotope stage 11 Milankovitch forcing are very similar, suggesting that the present interglacial (Holocene) that began ca. 10 ka will continue for another 15 to 20 k.y. Therefore any anthropogenic climate warming will accelerate the natural process toward reduction in polar ice sheets. The potential for increased rates of sea level rise related to polar ice sheet decay should be considered as a potential natural hazard on centennial time scales. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Poore, RZ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926, Reston, VA 20192 USA. OI Dowsett, Harry/0000-0003-1983-7524 NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 5 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JAN PY 2001 VL 29 IS 1 BP 71 EP 74 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0071:PROPIC>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 392ZA UT WOS:000166441700018 ER PT B AU Fitzpatrick, FA AF Fitzpatrick, FA BE Dorava, JM Montgomery, DR Palcsak, BB Fitzpatrick, FA TI A comparison of multi-disciplinary methods for measuring physical conditions of streams SO GEOMORPHIC PROCESSES AND RIVERINE HABITAT SE WATER SCIENCE AND APPLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fall Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY DEC 06-10, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Geophys Union ID EROSION POTENTIAL ASSESSMENT; NORTHEAST OKLAHOMA; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; CLASSIFICATION; URBANIZATION; MANAGEMENT; CHANNELS AB A wide range of scientists, including fluvial geomorphologists, ecologists, fisheries managers, and river engineers, study human impacts on the physical characteristics of streams. Data gathered for stream physical conditions are useful for water- and fish-resource management, water-quality monitoring, and stream restoration. The physical condition of streams reflects a variety of natural and anthropogenic effects and multiple spatial and temporal scales. Thus, systematic approaches among scientific disciplines differ in terms of spatial and temporal scales of measurement and are heavily dependent on the academic background and field experience of the investigators. Data-collection efforts range from rapid, qualitative descriptions and categorizations to more time-consuming quantitative measurements. Most geomorphic assessments, stream classifications, and habitat characterizations measure similar key hydrologic and geomorphic features, even though individual methodologies may differ substantially. These key features include channel morphology and planform, valley and channel gradient or slope, sediment characteristics and movement, and bank characteristics. This paper examines several commonly used habitat characterizations, stream classifications, and geomorphic assessments in terms of how they effectively measure the physical condition of streams that are most likely to change in response to land-cover perturbations. Advantages and disadvantages of each type of assessment are discussed in the context of potential study goals and outcomes, and time, labor, and expertise constraints. The major goal of this paper is to promote communication among ecologists, geomorphologists, fisheries managers, and engineers, thereby reducing duplication of effort and increasing the utility of methods used to describe the physical characteristics of streams. By improving the understanding of the geomorphic processes within a watershed and their effect on physical features in a stream channel, various scientific disciplines will make better interpretations of the development of riverine habitat. Adjustments in sampling routines for each discipline may then create a complementary and more uniform data set from which decision makers can develop management strategies. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Fitzpatrick, FA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. NR 61 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 0-87590-353-3 J9 WATER SCI APPL PY 2001 VL 4 BP 7 EP 18 PG 12 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology; Water Resources GA BV90G UT WOS:000180348500002 ER PT B AU Osterkamp, WR Johnson, WC Dixon, MD AF Osterkamp, WR Johnson, WC Dixon, MD BE Dorava, JM Montgomery, DR Palcsak, BB Fitzpatrick, FA TI Biophysical gradients related to channel islands, middle Snake River, Idaho SO GEOMORPHIC PROCESSES AND RIVERINE HABITAT SE WATER SCIENCE AND APPLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fall Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY DEC 06-10, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Geophys Union ID RIPARIAN VEGETATION; CONTINUUM AB Biophysical gradients of fluvial systems refer to systematic landform and habitat change resulting from differences in hydrologic process. Where physical gradients change both horizontally and vertically, habitat is varied and species diversity may be large. Islands in the middle Snake River, Idaho, vary in structure, shape, size, and age, yielding complex down-valley habitat gradients that are responses to position (reach conditions), processes of formation, and flood magnitudes. Species richness and diversity typically respond to these physical changes in habitat, but owing to a natural paucity of sediment as well as to storage in reservoirs, the formation of riffles, gravel bars, and accreted banks is minimal in the upper reaches of the middle Snake River; tributary inputs of water and sediment cause an increase of horizontal habitat diversity in the lower reaches. Physical changes along the river largely related to geomorphic history result in vertical diversity of vegetation on islands above (relict) and at (regime) flood-plain level. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Osterkamp, WR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Tucson, AZ USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 0-87590-353-3 J9 WATER SCI APPL PY 2001 VL 4 BP 73 EP 83 PG 11 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology; Water Resources GA BV90G UT WOS:000180348500007 ER PT B AU Larsen, MC Roman, AS AF Larsen, MC Roman, AS BE Dorava, JM Montgomery, DR Palcsak, BB Fitzpatrick, FA TI Mass wasting and sediment storage in a small montane watershed: An extreme case of anthropogenic disturbance in the humid tropics SO GEOMORPHIC PROCESSES AND RIVERINE HABITAT SE WATER SCIENCE AND APPLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fall Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY DEC 06-10, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Geophys Union ID PUERTO-RICO; CHANNEL; DENUDATION; RIVER; LANDSLIDES; DRAINAGE; FOREST; BASIN; ENVIRONMENT; CALIFORNIA AB By the peak of land-use conversion for subsistence cropping and plantation agriculture in Puerto Rico in the 1940's, 94 percent of the original forest cover had been eliminated. In a small (26.4 km(2)) upland watershed that typifies this land-use history, field surveys and examination of aerial photographs indicate that more than 2,000 landslides have occurred since about 1820 when forest clearing began. The landslides are attributable to a combination of three factors: a highly weathered bedrock (Cretaceous granodiorite), episodic heavy rainfall, and almost two centuries of intense land-use practices. On average, landslide scars number 140/km(2) in the Cayaguds watershed, equal to 80 landslide scars/km(2)/100 y. The volume of hillslope material eroded by landsliding is estimated at 660,000 m(3)/km(2) (870,000 Mg/km(2)). If all colluvium was transported from the catchment, then the volume is equivalent to a mean surface lowering of the entire watershed by 660 mm, or 3.8 mm/y. Soil augering, field observations at construction sites, road cuts and stream banks, mapping from aerial photographs, and GIS-based estimates of the surface area of footslopes, indicate that colluvium may total 149,000 Mg/km2. If mobilized, this would be sufficient stored material to supply the annual average fluvial sediment yield for as long as 129 years. The great availability of colluvial and alluvial sediment on footslopes, floodplains, and in channels will maintain high sediment yield well into the 21st century in spite of government efforts to reforest hillslopes and institute other hillslope soil conservation measures. C1 US Geol Survey, Guaynabo, PR USA. RP Larsen, MC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Guaynabo, PR USA. EM mclarsen@usgs.gov; abssantiago@hotmail.com NR 73 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 0-87590-353-3 J9 WATER SCI APPL PY 2001 VL 4 BP 119 EP 138 PG 20 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology; Water Resources GA BV90G UT WOS:000180348500010 ER PT B AU Jacobson, RB Laustrup, MS Chapman, MD AF Jacobson, RB Laustrup, MS Chapman, MD BE Dorava, JM Montgomery, DR Palcsak, BB Fitzpatrick, FA TI Fluvial processes and passive rehabilitation of the Lisbon Bottom side-channel chute, Lower Missouri River SO GEOMORPHIC PROCESSES AND RIVERINE HABITAT SE WATER SCIENCE AND APPLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fall Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY DEC 06-10, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Geophys Union ID SECONDARY CHANNELS; RESTORATION; RHINE AB Multiple large floods in 1993-1997 on the Lower Missouri River carved a side-channel chute through the river bottom at Lisbon, Missouri. Although similar in some respects to engineered side-channel chutes designed for habitat rehabilitation projects, the Lisbon Bottom chute has been unique in that it was allowed to evolve for more than four years with minimal stabilization. During the wet years, 1996-1999, the chute was subjected to abnormally high discharges and passed as much as 20% of the total discharge of the Missouri River. Relatively unrestrained fluvial processes during this time created a wide channel with highly diverse habitats. The upper one-half of the chute established a shallow, braided channel morphology similar to the pre-managed Missouri River. The lower half established a dynamically migrating, single-thread channel, and an incipient flood plain. Compared to the adjacent navigation channel, the chute established substantial areas of shallow, slow-velocity aquatic habitat that is considered to be in short supply in the present-day Lower Missouri River. The short-term biological benefits have been mixed: the chute has fewer waterbird and benthic macroinvertebrate taxa than adjacent riverine habitats, but greater numbers of fish species compared to the navigation channel. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO USA. RP Jacobson, RB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO USA. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 0-87590-353-3 J9 WATER SCI APPL PY 2001 VL 4 BP 199 EP 216 PG 18 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology; Water Resources GA BV90G UT WOS:000180348500015 ER PT B AU Kozar, MD Mathes, MV AF Kozar, MD Mathes, MV BE Beck, BF Herring, JG TI Occurrence of coliform bacteria in a karst aquifer, Berkeley County, West Virginia, USA SO GEOTECHNICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS OF KARST GEOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Multidisciplinary Conference on Sinkholes and the Engineering and Environmental Impacts of Karsts CY APR 01-04, 2001 CL LOUISVILLE, KY SP GeoInst Amer Soc Civil Engineers, PELA, Natl Ground Water Assoc AB During the spring of 2000, the U.S, Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the West Virginia Eastern Panhandle Soil Conservation District sampled 50 wells for indicator bacteria in a karst limestone and dolomite aquifer in Berkeley County, West Virginia. Wells were selected for sampling on the basis of the density of septic systems within an 80-meter radius. Of 50 wells sampled, 62 percent contained total coliform bacteria, 32 percent contained Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria, and 30 percent contained fecal coliform bacteria. The high detection frequency of bacteria from wells sampled, especially fecal coliform and E. coli, indicate the potential for serious microbial contamination within the karst aquifer. There was no statistically significant correlation between septic density and the concentrations of bacteria detected in the wells. The effects of agriculture were investigated to determine if they pose an increased threat of microbial contamination to the karst aquifer. Although no statistically significant trends could be determined between bacteria concentrations and land use near the wells sampled, wells with surrounding agricultural activity typically had higher concentrations of bacteria than wells surrounded by urban, rural, or commercial land use. Of wells sampled, 50 percent with nearby agricultural activity contained either fecal coliform or E. coli bacteria. Wells with no agricultural land use nearby had detectable concentrations of fecal coliform or E. coli in only 36 percent of wells sampled. The highest concentrations of E. coli and fecal coliform bacteria were found in shallow wells, This trend was statistically significant at a 95-percent confidence level. Of wells less than or equal to 150 feet deep, 63 percent contained either fecal coliform or E. coli bacteria. For wells greater than 150 feet deep, 33 percent contained either fecal coliform or E, coli bacteria. Additionally, a statistically significant correlation between casing length and bacteria was also present at a 95-percent confidence level. For wells with casings 60 feet long or less, 47 percent contained either fecal coliform or E. col! bacteria. For wells with casings longer than 60 feet only 20 percent contained either fecal coliform or E. coli bacteria. Of the 50 wells sampled, 13 were known or suspected of having microbial contamination problems, and as a result were fitted with either chlorination or ultraviolet light treatment systems. At least one of the three types of bacteria was detected in I I of 13 (85 percent) raw water samples collected from wells equipped with treatment systems. Raw water samples from 21 of the 37 (57 percent) wells without treatment systems contained at least one of the three types of bacteria. Water samples collected from a few wells after the water was treated contained no detectable concentrations of any of the three types of bacteria. C1 US Geol Survey, Charleston, WV 25301 USA. RP Kozar, MD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 11 Dunbar St, Charleston, WV 25301 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-190-2 PY 2001 BP 217 EP 221 PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological; Geology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA BT55T UT WOS:000173316100034 ER PT J AU Christian, E AF Christian, E TI A metadata initiative for global information discovery SO GOVERNMENT INFORMATION QUARTERLY LA English DT Article AB The Global Information Locator Service (GILS) encompasses a global vision framed by the fundamental values of open societies. Societal values such as a free flow of information impose certain requirements on the society's information infrastructure. These requirements in turn shape the various laws, policies, standards. and technologies that determine the infrastructure design. A particular focus of GILS is the requirement to provide the means for people to discover sources of data and information. Information discovery in the GILS vision is designed to be decentralized yet coherent, and globally comprehensive yet useful for detailed data. This article introduces basic concepts and design issues, with emphasis on the techniques by which GILS supports interoperability. It explains the practical implications of GILS for the common roles of organizations involved in handling information, from content provider through system engineer and intermediary to searcher. The article provides examples of GILS initiatives in various types of communities: bibliographic, geographic., environmental, and government. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 802, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Christian, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 802, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0740-624X J9 GOV INFORM Q JI Gov. Inf. Q. PY 2001 VL 18 IS 3 BP 209 EP 221 DI 10.1016/S0740-624X(01)00074-0 PG 13 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 461CQ UT WOS:000170347700005 ER PT J AU Tiedeman, CR Hsieh, PA AF Tiedeman, CR Hsieh, PA TI Assessing an open-well aquifer test in fractured crystalline rock SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID DETAILED PUMPING TEST; BEDROCK AQUIFER; FLOW; CHARACTERIZE AB Use of open wells to conduct aquifer tests in fractured crystalline rock aquifers is potentially problematic, because open Kelts can hydraulically connect highly permeable fracture zones at different depths within the rock. Because of this effect, it is questionable whether estimates of the hydraulic properties of the rock obtained from analysis of an open-well aquifer test in fractured crystalline rock are representative of the true rock properties. To address this issue, rock properties estimated from such a test are compared with rock properties estimated from an aquifer test at the same location in which packers were installed in wells to restrict vertical fluid movement along the wellbores, Results indicate that when the open-hole test is analyzed with a numerical model that accurately represents the three-dimensional heterogeneity structure in the wellfield, the open-hole test estimates of the rock hydraulic properties are similar to the packer-isolated test estimates. When the open-well test is analyzed using a model having an oversimplified representation of the rock heterogeneity, the estimates of rock transmissivity are similar to the transmissivity estimates from the packer-isolated test, but the storativity estimates are larger than the storativity estimates from the packer-isolated test. These results indicate the importance of accurately representing the rock heterogeneity structure when analyzing an open-hole aquifer test in fractured crystalline rock. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Tiedeman, CR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS496, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 39 IS 1 BP 68 EP 78 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb00352.x PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 389ZD UT WOS:000166267800012 ER PT S AU Wershaw, RL Goljer, I AF Wershaw, RL Goljer, I BE Ghabbour, EA Davies, G TI NMR characterization of the mobile components in intact green and senescent leaves as a means of studying the humification process SO HUMIC SUBSTANCES: STRUCTURES, MODELS AND FUNCTIONS SE Royal Society of Chemistry Special Publications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Humic Substances Seminar CY MAR 21-23, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Arctech Inc, Luscar Ltd, Barnett Inst Chem & Biol Anal ID FREE-RADICALS; C-13 NMR C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Wershaw, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0260-6291 BN 0-85404-811-1 J9 ROY SOC CH PY 2001 IS 273 BP 31 EP 38 DI 10.1039/9781847551085-00031 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Organic; Soil Science SC Chemistry; Agriculture GA BT75Y UT WOS:000173961300003 ER PT J AU Bruno, MC Loftus, WF Reid, JW Perry, SA AF Bruno, MC Loftus, WF Reid, JW Perry, SA TI Diapause in copepods (Crustacea) from ephemeral habitats with different hydroperiods in Everglades National Park (Florida, USA) SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE copepods; diapause; ephemeral habitats; pre-fertilized females; Everglades; wetlands ID LIFE-CYCLE; CYCLOPOID COPEPODS; FRESH-WATERS; DYNAMICS; MESOCYCLOPS; POPULATION; EMERGENCE; PATTERNS; POND; ZOOPLANKTON AB Water management practices in the Everglades have severely stressed the natural system, particularly by reducing the hydroperiods of much of the region. During the dry season of 1999, we investigated the influence of hydroperiod on the species composition and dormancy patterns of freshwater copepod communities in seasonal wetlands of Everglades National Park, Florida, U.S.A. The habitats were characterized by an annual dry season, from December through June. We sampled at two locations: the Long Pine Key area of the Rocky Glades region (short hydroperiod, ca. 4-5 months), and western Taylor Slough (intermediate hydroperiod, ca. 8-10 months). Both areas have experienced a reduction in natural hydroperiods and an increase in the frequency of dry-down. We collected weekly plankton samples from Rocky Glades solution holes to assess the potential species pool of copepods. To document the taxa capable of surviving dry-down by resting, we performed three immersion trials in which we rehydrated, in laboratory aquaria, sediment patches from solution holes and surface soils from all stations. Only a subset of the planktonic species collected emerged from the dried sediments. The cyclopoids Microcyclops rubellus and Paracyclops poppei were dominant. This is the first record of diapause for P. poppei. Species distributions from the different hydroperiod soil patches indicated that more diapausing species occurred at the sites that dried for shorter periods. Emerging individuals of M. rubellus and P. poppei were mainly ovigerous females, demonstrating a resting strategy seldom before recorded. The cyclopoid Diacyclops nearcticus had not been previously reported to diapause, but they emerged from the dried sediments in our trials. Our collections included six new records for Florida: Diacyclops nearcticus, Megacyclops latipes, Orthocyclops modestus, Elaphoidella marjoryae, Bryocamptus sp. and Bryocamptus cf. newyorkensis. Paracyclops poppei, Macrocyclops fuscus and Arctodiaptomus floridanus are new records for Everglades National Park. Clearly, diapause is an important strategy for the persistence of copepods in short-hydroperiod wetlands. The duration of the dry period appears to be inversely related to the number of species that emerge from diapause. C1 S Florida Nat Resources Ctr, Homestead, FL 33034 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Homestead, FL 33034 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Bruno, MC (reprint author), S Florida Nat Resources Ctr, Everglades Natl Pk, Homestead, FL 33034 USA. RI Bruno, Maria Cristina/D-8792-2011; Bruno, Maria Cristina/B-8117-2015 OI Bruno, Maria Cristina/0000-0001-7860-841X; Bruno, Maria Cristina/0000-0001-7860-841X NR 65 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PY 2001 VL 453 IS 1-3 BP 295 EP 308 DI 10.1023/A:1013161210836 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 499ZD UT WOS:000172600200024 ER PT J AU Roman, CT Barrett, NE Portnoy, JW AF Roman, CT Barrett, NE Portnoy, JW TI Aquatic vegetation and trophic condition of Cape Cod (Massachusetts, USA) kettle ponds SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE freshwater kettle ponds; aquatic vegetation; trophic gradient; nutrient enrichment; multivariate analysis; Cape Cod; Massachusetts ID CANONICAL CORRESPONDENCE-ANALYSIS; MACROPHYTE COMMUNITIES; SOFT WATERS; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; ACIDIFIED LAKES; NEW-YORK; NITROGEN; EUTROPHICATION; PHOSPHORUS; PHYTOPLANKTON AB The species composition and relative abundance of aquatic macrophytes was evaluated in five Cape Cod, Massachusetts, freshwater kettle ponds, representing a range of trophic conditions from oligotrophic to eutrophic. At each pond, aquatic vegetation and environmental variables (slope, water depth, sediment bulk density, sediment grain size, sediment organic content and porewater inorganic nutrients) were measured along five transects extending perpendicular to the shoreline from the upland border into the pond. Based on a variety of multivariate methods, including Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA), an indirect gradient analysis technique, and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA), a direct gradient approach, it was determined that the eutrophic Herring Pond was dominated by floating aquatic vegetation (Brasenia schreberi, Nymphoides cordata, Nymphaea odorata), and the algal stonewort, Nitella. Partial CCA suggested that high porewater PO4-P concentrations and fine-grained sediments strongly influenced the vegetation of this eutrophic pond. In contrast, vegetation of the oligotrophic Duck Pond was sparse, contained no floating aquatics, and was dominated by emergent plants. Low porewater nutrients, low sediment organic content, high water clarity and low pH (4.8) best defined the environmental characteristics of this oligotrophic pond. Gull Pond, with inorganic nitrogen-enriched sediments, also exhibited a flora quite different from the oligotrophic Duck Pond. The species composition and relative abundance of aquatic macrophytes provide good indicators of the trophic status of freshwater ponds and should be incorporated into long-term monitoring programs aimed at detecting responses to anthropogenically-derived nutrient loading. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Cape Cod Natl Seashore, Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Wellfleet, MA 02667 USA. Cape Cod Natl Seashore, Natl Pk Serv, Wellfleet, MA 02667 USA. RP Roman, CT (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. NR 52 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 23 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JAN PY 2001 VL 443 IS 1-3 BP 31 EP 42 DI 10.1023/A:1017540002675 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 421LM UT WOS:000168065900005 ER PT J AU Doute, S Schmitt, B Lopes-Gautier, R Carlson, R Soderblom, L Shirley, J AF Doute, S Schmitt, B Lopes-Gautier, R Carlson, R Soderblom, L Shirley, J CA Galileo NIMS Team TI Mapping SO2 frost on Io by the modeling of NIMS hyperspectral images SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE satellites of Jupiter; Io; infrared observations; ices; volcanism ID SUBLIMATION-DRIVEN FLOW; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; INFRARED WAVELENGTHS; ACTIVE VOLCANISM; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; MU-M; SURFACE; GALILEO; ATMOSPHERE AB We analyze a collection of hyperspectral images of Io acquired by the near infrared mapping spectrometer (NIMS) of Galileo during the G2 to E16 orbits of Jupiter. This analysis leads to the geographical distribution and physical characterization of SO2 frost deposits over about three-fourths of Io's surface. These deposits are excellent tracers of various phenomena, including volcanic production and emission, atmospheric transportation, condensation, metamorphism, irradiation, and sublimation, that occur throughout the SO2 cycle, We assume that the deposits of solid SO2 are optically thick and are geographically mixed with other sulfur-bearing compounds. We first assess the mean moderate backscattering behavior of the SO2 frost (Henyey Greenstein phase function parameter g = -0.27 +/- 0.05) using a sequence of spectra at two different locations over a large range of phase angles. This behavior may indicate a granular texture with many defects or a fluffy texture. Second, a more systematic inversion of the hyperspectral images is achieved based on a linear spectral model of pure SO2 with variable grain size mixed with a spectrally neutral unit. As a result, we produce two global mosaics that map SO2 frost coverage and mean grain size. SO2 deposits are omnipresent on Io's surface at the spatial scale of this study (approximate to 200 km), but the SO2 frost is concentrated within several large areas centered at medium latitudes. These SO2-rich regions (surface coverage higher than 60%) show a longitudinal correlation with plumes located lower in latitude, suggesting that these plumes are the principal sources of SO2 gas. After a possible dynamic condensation around the plumes or at the equator, the gas is remobilized by the solar or thermal fluxes and flows mostly latitudinally toward the coldest and nearest regions devoid of hot-spots. Third, the correlation of the distribution and grain size mosaics distinguishes four different SO2 physical units that indicate relative regional variations of condensation, metamorphism, and sublimation. Finally, comparisons with Voyager ultraviolet (A. S, McEwen, T. V. Johnson, D, L. Matson, and L. A. Soderblom, 1988, Icarus, Vol. 75, pp. 450-478) and Galileo visible (P. Geissler, A. S, McEwen, L. Keszthelyi, R. M. C. Lopes-Gautier, J. Granahan, and D. P. Simonelli, 1999, Icarus, Vol. 140, pp. 256-282) observations demonstrate molecular contamination of SO2 at medium and high latitudes and that these contaminated SO2 deposits may be optically thin. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Lab Planetol Grenoble, CNRS, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. US Geol Survey, Branch Astrogeol, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Doute, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, 405 Hilgard,Box 951567, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM sdoute@igpp.ucla.edu RI Schmitt, Bernard/A-1064-2009; Lopes, Rosaly/D-1608-2016 OI Schmitt, Bernard/0000-0002-1230-6627; Lopes, Rosaly/0000-0002-7928-3167 NR 54 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2001 VL 149 IS 1 BP 107 EP 132 DI 10.1006/icar.2000.6513 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 391EJ UT WOS:000166340900008 ER PT J AU Richardson, MD Briggs, KB Bibee, LD Jumars, PA Sawyer, WB Albert, DB Bennett, RH Berger, TK Buckingham, MJ Chotiros, NP Dahl, PH Dewitt, NT Fleischer, P Flood, R Greenlaw, CF Holliday, DV Hulbert, MH Hutnak, MP Jackson, PD Jaffe, JS Johnson, HP Lavoie, DL Lyons, AP Martens, CS McGehee, DE Moore, KD Orsi, TH Piper, JN Ray, RI Reed, AH Self, RFL Schmidt, JL Schock, SG Simonet, F Stoll, RD Tang, D Thistle, DE Thorsos, EI Walter, DJ Wheatcroft, RA AF Richardson, MD Briggs, KB Bibee, LD Jumars, PA Sawyer, WB Albert, DB Bennett, RH Berger, TK Buckingham, MJ Chotiros, NP Dahl, PH Dewitt, NT Fleischer, P Flood, R Greenlaw, CF Holliday, DV Hulbert, MH Hutnak, MP Jackson, PD Jaffe, JS Johnson, HP Lavoie, DL Lyons, AP Martens, CS McGehee, DE Moore, KD Orsi, TH Piper, JN Ray, RI Reed, AH Self, RFL Schmidt, JL Schock, SG Simonet, F Stoll, RD Tang, D Thistle, DE Thorsos, EI Walter, DJ Wheatcroft, RA TI Overview of SAX99: Environmental considerations SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE acoustic propagation; acoustic scattering; acoustic velocity measurement; geologic measurements; marine animals; meteorology; seafloor; sediments ID WATER-SATURATED SAND; PROCESSES CONTROLLING METHANE; GASSY COASTAL SEDIMENTS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; SOUND-PROPAGATION; SUBCRITICAL PENETRATION; BIOT MODEL; DENSITY AB A 1-km(2) area located 2 km off the Florida Panhandle (30 degrees 22.6'N; 86 degrees 38.7'W) was selected as the site to conduct high-frequency acoustic seafloor penetration, sediment propagation, and bottom scattering experiments [1]. Side scan, multibeam, and normal incidence chirp acoustic surveys as well as subsequent video surveys, diver observations, and vibra coring, indicate a uniform distribution of surficial and subbottom seafloor characteristics within the area. The site, in 18-19 m of water, is characterized by 1-2-m-thick fine-to-medium clean sand and meets the logistic and scientific requirements specified for the acoustic experiments. This paper provides a preliminary summary of the meteorological, oceanographic, and seafloor conditions found during the experiments and describes the important physical and biological processes that control the spatial distribution and temporal changes in these characteristics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ Maine, Darling Marine Ctr, Walpole, ME 04573 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. SEAPROBE Inc, Picayune, MS 39466 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Phys Lab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Southampton, Inst Sound & Vibrat Res, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. Univ Texas, Appl Res Labs, Austin, TX 78713 USA. Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal Studies & Reg Geol, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Lab, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. BAE SYST, Anal & Appl Res Div, Ocean Sci Res Grp, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. Pittman Moore Inc, Terre Haute, IN 47808 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. British Geol Survey, Keyworth NG12 5GG, Notts, England. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NATO SACLANT, Undersea Res Ctr, I-19138 La Spezia, Italy. Planning Syst Inc, Slidell, LA 70658 USA. Univ Washington, Friday Harbor Labs, Sch Oceanog, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Ocean Engn, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Richardson, MD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Thistle, David/P-4052-2015 OI Thistle, David/0000-0002-8436-6987 NR 74 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 26 IS 1 BP 26 EP 53 DI 10.1109/48.917921 PG 28 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 424HB UT WOS:000168225900003 ER PT B AU Reed, BC Swets, D Bard, L Brown, J Rowland, J AF Reed, BC Swets, D Bard, L Brown, J Rowland, J GP IEEE IEEE TI Interactive visualization of vegetation dynamics SO IGARSS 2001: SCANNING THE PRESENT AND RESOLVING THE FUTURE, VOLS 1-7, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 09-13, 2001 CL UNIV NEW S WALES, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmosphere Adm, CSA ASC, Off Naval Res, RSPAA, URSI HO UNIV NEW S WALES AB Satellite imagery provides a mechanism for observing seasonal dynamics of the landscape that have implications for near real-time monitoring of agriculture, forest, and range resources. This study illustrates a technique for visualizing timely information on key events during the growing season (e.g., onset, peak, duration, and end of growing season), as well as the status of the current growing season with respect to the recent historical average. Using time-series analysis of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data from the advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) satellite sensor, seasonal dynamics can be derived. We have developed a set of Java-based visualization and analysis tools to make comparisons between the seasonal dynamics of the current year with those from the past twelve years. In addition, the visualization tools allow the user to query underlying databases such as land cover or administrative boundaries to analyze the seasonal dynamics of areas of their own interest. The Jav(1)a-based tools (data exploration and visualization analysis or DEVA) use a Web-based client-server model for processing the data. The resulting visualization and analysis, available via the Internet, is of value to those responsible for land management decisions, resource allocation, and at-risk population targeting. C1 Raytheon ITSS, USGS EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Reed, BC (reprint author), Raytheon ITSS, USGS EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. OI Brown, Jesslyn/0000-0002-9976-1998 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7031-7 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2001 BP 210 EP 212 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BU88J UT WOS:000177297200067 ER PT B AU Gesch, D Williams, J Miller, W AF Gesch, D Williams, J Miller, W GP IEEE IEEE TI A comparison of US Geological Survey seamless elevation models with Shuttle Radar Topography Mission data SO IGARSS 2001: SCANNING THE PRESENT AND RESOLVING THE FUTURE, VOLS 1-7, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 09-13, 2001 CL UNIV NEW S WALES, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmosphere Adm, CSA ASC, Off Naval Res, RSPAA, URSI HO UNIV NEW S WALES AB Elevation models produced from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data will be the most comprehensive, consistently processed, highest resolution topographic dataset ever produced for the Earth's land surface. Many applications that currently use elevation data will benefit from the increased availability of data with higher accuracy, quality, and resolution, especially in poorly mapped areas of the globe. SRTM data will be produced as seamless data, thereby avoiding many of the problems inherent in existing multi-source topographic databases. Serving as precursors to SRTM datasets, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has produced and is distributing seamless elevation datasets that facilitate scientific use of elevation data over large areas. GTOPO30 is a global elevation model with a 30 arc-second resolution (approximately 1-kilometer). The National Elevation Dataset (NED) covers the United States at a resolution of I arc-second (approximately 30-meters). Due to their seamless format and broad area coverage, both GTOPO30 and NED represent an advance in the usability of elevation data, but each still includes artifacts from the highly variable source data used to produce them. The consistent source data and processing approach for SRTM data will result in elevation products that will be a significant addition to the current availability of seamless datasets, specifically for many areas outside the U.S. One application that demonstrates some advantages that may be realized with SRTM data is delineation of land surface drainage features (watersheds and stream channels). Seamless distribution of elevation data in which a user interactively specifies the area of interest and order parameters via a map server is already being successfully demonstrated with existing USGS datasets. Such an approach for distributing SRTM data Is ideal for a dataset that undoubtedly will be of very high interest to the spatial data user community. C1 US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Gesch, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. OI Gesch, Dean/0000-0002-8992-4933 NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7031-7 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2001 BP 754 EP 756 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BU88J UT WOS:000177297200233 ER PT B AU Jenkerson, CB Reed, BC AF Jenkerson, CB Reed, BC GP IEEE IEEE TI MODIS land data at the EROS Data Center DAAC SO IGARSS 2001: SCANNING THE PRESENT AND RESOLVING THE FUTURE, VOLS 1-7, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 09-13, 2001 CL UNIV NEW S WALES, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmosphere Adm, CSA ASC, Off Naval Res, RSPAA, URSI HO UNIV NEW S WALES AB The US Geological Survey's (USGS) Earth Resources Observation Systems (EROS) Data Center (EDC) in Sioux Falls, SD, USA, is the primary national archive for land processes data and one of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Distributed Active Archive Centers (DAAC) for the Earth Observing System (EOS). One of EDC's functions as a DAAC is the archival and distribution of Moderate Resolution Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Land Data collected from the Earth Observing System (EOS) satellite Terra. More than 500,000 publicly available MODIS land data granules totaling 25 Terabytes (Tb) are currently stored in the EDC archive. This collection is managed, archived, and distributed by EOS Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Core System (ECS) at EDC. EDC User Services support the use of MODIS Land data, which include land surface reflectance/albedo, temperature/emissivity, vegetation characteristics, and land cover, by responding to user inquiries, constructing user information sites on the EDC web page, and presenting MODIS materials worldwide. C1 Emergent Informat Technol Inc, USGS EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Jenkerson, CB (reprint author), Emergent Informat Technol Inc, USGS EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7031-7 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2001 BP 2274 EP 2276 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BU88J UT WOS:000177297200730 ER PT S AU Kieffer, HH Jarecke, P Pearlman, J AF Kieffer, HH Jarecke, P Pearlman, J BE Descour, MR Shen, SS TI Initial lunar calibration observations by the EO-1 Hyperion imaging spectrometer SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry VII CY AUG 01-03, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE Moon; calibration; spacecraft ID MOON; SEAWIFS AB The Moon provides an exo-atmospheric radiance source that can be used to determine trends in instrument radiometric responsivity with high precision. Lunar observations can also be used for absolute radiometric calibration; knowledge of the radiometric scale will steadily improve through independent study of lunar spectral photometry and with sharing of the Moon as a calibration target by increasing numbers of spacecraft, each with its own calibration history. EO-1 calibration includes periodic observation of the Moon by all three of its instruments. Observations are normally made with a phase angle of about 7 degrees (or about 12 hours from the time of Full Moon). Also. SeaWiFS has been making observations at such phase angles for several years, and observations of the Moon by instrument pairs, even if at different times, can be used to transfer absolute calibration. A challenge for EO-1 is pointing to include the entire full Moon in the narrow Hyperion scan. Three Hyperion observations in early 2001 covering an order-of-magnitude difference in lunar irradiance show good agreement for responsivity; the SWIR detector has undergone some changes in responsivity. Small discrepancies of calibration with wavelength could be smoothed using the Moon as a source. Off-axis scattered light response and cross-track response variations can be assessed using the lunar image. C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Kieffer, HH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4194-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4480 BP 247 EP 258 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BU15D UT WOS:000175162000028 ER PT S AU Peters, NE Rose, S AF Peters, NE Rose, S BE Gehrels, H Peters, NE Hoehn, E Jensen, K Leibundgut, C Griffioen, J Webb, B Zaadnoordijk, WJ TI Urbanization effects on the hydrology of the Atlanta area, Georgia (USA) SO IMPACT OF HUMAN ACTIVITY ON GROUNDWATER DYNAMICS SE IAHS PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Impact of Human Activity on Groundwater Dynamics CY JUL 18-27, 2001 CL MAASTRICHT, NETHERLANDS SP Int Assoc Hydrol Sci DE baseflow recession; groundwater recharge; Piedmont Province (Georgia, USA); stream runoff; urban runoff; urban watersheds; water yield AB For the period from 1958 to 1996, streamflow and rainfall characteristics of a highly urbanized watershed were compared with less-urbanized and non-urbanized watersheds in the vicinity of Atlanta, Georgia (USA). Water levels in several wells completed in surficial and crystalline-rock aquifers also were evaluated. Annual runoff coefficients (runoff as a fractional percentage of precipitation) ranged from 0.31 to 0.34 and were not significantly different for the urban stream (Peachtree Creek). Peak flows for the largest 25 stormflows at Peachtree Creek were 30% to 80% greater than peak flows for the other streams. A 2-day storm recession constant for Peachtree Creek was much larger, that is streamflow decreased more rapidly than for the other streams. Average low flow of Peachtree Creek was 25 to 35% less than the other streams, possibly the result of decreased infiltration caused by the more efficient routing of storm water and the paving of groundwater recharge areas. The timing of groundwater level variations was similar annually in each well, reflecting the seasonal recharge. Although water level monitoring only began during the late 1970s and early 1980s for the two urban wells, water levels in these wells have been declining compared to nonurban wells since then. The water level decline is attributed to decreased groundwater recharge in the urban watersheds due to increased imperviousness and related rapid storm runoff. Likewise, the increased urbanization from the 1960s to the 1990s of the Peachtree Creek watershed produced more runoff than urbanization in the less urbanized Big Creek and Sweetwater Creek watersheds. C1 US Geol Survey, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. RP Peters, NE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3039 Amwiler Rd,Suite 130, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 1-901502-56-2 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2001 IS 269 BP 109 EP 115 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BT42W UT WOS:000172971800014 ER PT S AU Wagner, BJ Harvey, JW AF Wagner, BJ Harvey, JW BE Gehrels, H Peters, NE Hoehn, E Jensen, K Leibundgut, C Griffioen, J Webb, B Zaadnoordijk, WJ TI Analysing the capabilities and limitations of tracer tests in stream-aquifer systems SO IMPACT OF HUMAN ACTIVITY ON GROUNDWATER DYNAMICS SE IAHS PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Impact of Human Activity on Groundwater Dynamics CY JUL 18-27, 2001 CL MAASTRICHT, NETHERLANDS SP Int Assoc Hydrol Sci DE model uncertainty analysis; stream tracer test design AB The goal of this study was to identify the limitations that apply when we couple conservative-tracer injection with reactive solute sampling to identify the transport and reaction processes active in a stream. Our methodology applies Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis to assess the ability of the tracer approach to identify the governing transport and reaction processes for a wide range of stream-solute transport and reaction scenarios likely to be encountered in high-gradient streams. Our analyses identified dimensionless factors that define the capabilities and limitations of the tracer approach. These factors provide a framework for comparing and contrasting alternative tracer test designs. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Wagner, BJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 1-901502-56-2 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2001 IS 269 BP 191 EP 197 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BT42W UT WOS:000172971800027 ER PT S AU Godsy, EM Warren, E Westjohn, DB AF Godsy, EM Warren, E Westjohn, DB BE Gehrels, H Peters, NE Hoehn, E Jensen, K Leibundgut, C Griffioen, J Webb, B Zaadnoordijk, WJ TI Methanogenic biodegradation of charcoal production wastes in groundwater at Kingsford, Michigan, USA SO IMPACT OF HUMAN ACTIVITY ON GROUNDWATER DYNAMICS SE IAHS PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Impact of Human Activity on Groundwater Dynamics CY JUL 18-27, 2001 CL MAASTRICHT, NETHERLANDS SP Int Assoc Hydrol Sci DE biodegradation; charcoal; contamination; groundwater; methane; wood distillation AB A house exploded in the City of Kingsford, Michigan USA. The explosion was caused by CH4 that leaked into the basement from the surrounding soil. Evidence suggests that biodegradation of products from the distillation and spillage at or near a former wood carbonization plant site was the major source of CH4 and CO2 in the groundwater system. The plant area is directly upgradient from deep groundwater, samples of which are green-yellow in colour, have a very strong odour of burnt wood, contain high concentrations of mononuclear aromatic and phenolic compounds, and extremely high concentrations of volatile fatty acids. The majority of the dissolved compounds in these groundwater samples have been shown, using laboratory microcosms, to be anaerobically biodegradable to CH4 and CO2. The biodegradable compounds, and the amounts of CH4 and CO2 produced in the microcosms, are consistent with observations from field samples. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Godsy, EM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 1-901502-56-2 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2001 IS 269 BP 303 EP 309 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BT42W UT WOS:000172971800043 ER PT S AU Michel, RL Silva, SR Bemis, B Godsy, EM Warren, E Westjohn, DB AF Michel, RL Silva, SR Bemis, B Godsy, EM Warren, E Westjohn, DB BE Gehrels, H Peters, NE Hoehn, E Jensen, K Leibundgut, C Griffioen, J Webb, B Zaadnoordijk, WJ TI Compound-specific carbon isotope analysis of a contaminant plume in Kingsford, Michigan, USA SO IMPACT OF HUMAN ACTIVITY ON GROUNDWATER DYNAMICS SE IAHS PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Impact of Human Activity on Groundwater Dynamics CY JUL 18-27, 2001 CL MAASTRICHT, NETHERLANDS SP Int Assoc Hydrol Sci DE contamination; groundwater; isotopes; methane ID RATIOS AB Compound-specific isotope analysis was used to study a contaminated site near Kingsford, Michigan, USA. Organic compounds at three of the sites studied had similar delta C-13 values indicating that the contaminant source is the same for all sites. At a fourth site, chemical and delta C-13 values had evolved due to microbial degradation of organics, with the delta C-13 being much heavier than the starting materials. A microcosm experiment was run to observe isotopic changes with time in the methane evolved and in compounds remaining in the water during degradation. The delta C-13 values of the methane became heavier during the initial period of the run when volatile fatty acids were being consumed. There was an abrupt decrease in the delta C-13 values when fatty acids had been consumed and phenols began to be utilized. The delta C-13 value of the propionate remaining in solution also increased, similar to the results found in the field. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Michel, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 1-901502-56-2 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2001 IS 269 BP 311 EP 316 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BT42W UT WOS:000172971800044 ER PT S AU Wille, SA Lobdell, CM AF Wille, Stephen A. Lobdell, Charles M. BE Williams, WD TI The role of the US Fish and Wildlife Service in the implementation of Federal Flood Response in Oregon, USA SO INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS, VOL 27, PT 4 SE International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Congress of the International-Association-of-Theoretical-and-Applied-Limnology CY 1998 CL Dublin, IRELAND SP Int Assoc Theoret & Appl Limnol C1 [Wille, Stephen A.; Lobdell, Charles M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Oregon Fish & Wildlife Off, Portland, OR 97266 USA. RP Wille, SA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Oregon Fish & Wildlife Off, 2600 SE 98th Ave,Suite 100, Portland, OR 97266 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0368-0770 BN 978-3-510-54055-6 J9 INT VER THEOR ANGEW PY 2001 VL 27 BP 2343 EP 2345 PN 4 PG 3 WC Limnology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BTL81 UT WOS:000287228100125 ER PT S AU Marzolf, GR Bowser, CJ Hart, RJ AF Marzolf, G. Richard Bowser, Carl J. Hart, Robert J. BE Williams, WD TI The withdrawal zone in Lake Powell reservoir during a controlled flood through Glen Canyon Dam on the Colorado River - Arizona, USA SO INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS, VOL 27, PT 4 SE International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Congress of the International-Association-of-Theoretical-and-Applied-Limnology CY 1998 CL Dublin, IRELAND SP Int Assoc Theoret & Appl Limnol ID GRAND-CANYON C1 [Marzolf, G. Richard] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 432, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Marzolf, GR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 432, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0368-0770 BN 978-3-510-54055-6 J9 INT VER THEOR ANGEW PY 2001 VL 27 BP 2440 EP 2443 PN 4 PG 4 WC Limnology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BTL81 UT WOS:000287228100146 ER PT S AU Striegl, RG Schindler, JE Wickland, KP Hudson, DC Knight, GC AF Striegl, RG Schindler, JE Wickland, KP Hudson, DC Knight, GC BE Williams, WD TI Patterns of carbon dioxide and methane saturation in 34 Minnesota and Wisconsin lakes SO INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY, VOL 27, PT 3, PROCEEDINGS SE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Congress of the International-Association-of-Theoretical-and-Applied-Limnology CY 1998 CL DUBLIN, IRELAND SP Int Assoc Theoret & Appl Limnol ID BUDGETS; WATER C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Striegl, RG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS 413, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0368-0770 BN 3-510-54054-9 J9 INT VER THEOR ANGEW PY 2001 VL 27 BP 1424 EP 1427 PN 3 PG 4 WC Limnology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BS48W UT WOS:000170061900053 ER PT S AU Rabeni, CF Hoel, SM AF Rabeni, CF Hoel, SM BE Williams, WD TI The importance of woody debris to benthic invertebrates in two Missouri prairie streams SO INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY, VOL 27, PT 3, PROCEEDINGS SE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Congress of the International-Association-of-Theoretical-and-Applied-Limnology CY 1998 CL DUBLIN, IRELAND SP Int Assoc Theoret & Appl Limnol ID RIVER C1 Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Rabeni, CF (reprint author), Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 302 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0368-0770 BN 3-510-54054-9 J9 INT VER THEOR ANGEW PY 2001 VL 27 BP 1499 EP 1502 PN 3 PG 4 WC Limnology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BS48W UT WOS:000170061900069 ER PT S AU Krabbenhoft, DP Hurley, JP Aiken, G Gilmour, C Marvin-DiPasquale, M Orem, WH Harris, R AF Krabbenhoft, DP Hurley, JP Aiken, G Gilmour, C Marvin-DiPasquale, M Orem, WH Harris, R BE Williams, WD TI Mercury cycling in the Florida Everglades: a mechanistic field study SO INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY, VOL 27, PT 3, PROCEEDINGS SE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Congress of the International-Association-of-Theoretical-and-Applied-Limnology CY 1998 CL DUBLIN, IRELAND SP Int Assoc Theoret & Appl Limnol ID SEDIMENT PORE WATERS; METHYLATING BACTERIA; SPECIATION; SULFIDE C1 US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Krabbenhoft, DP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RI Hurley, James/A-9216-2010; Gilmour, Cynthia/G-1784-2010 OI Gilmour, Cynthia/0000-0002-1720-9498 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0368-0770 BN 3-510-54054-9 J9 INT VER THEOR ANGEW PY 2001 VL 27 BP 1657 EP 1660 PN 3 PG 4 WC Limnology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BS48W UT WOS:000170061900104 ER PT S AU Robertson, DM Wynne, RH Chang, WYB AF Robertson, DM Wynne, RH Chang, WYB BE Williams, WD TI Influence of El Nino on lake and river ice cover in the Northern Hemisphere from 1900 to 1995 SO INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY, VOL 27, PT 5, PROCEEDINGS SE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Congress of the International-Association-of-Theoretical-and-Applied-Limnology CY 1998 CL DUBLIN, IRELAND SP Int Assoc Theoret & Appl Limnol ID SOUTHERN OSCILLATION C1 US Geol Survey, WRD, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Robertson, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, WRD, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0368-0770 BN 3-510-54056-5 J9 INT VER THEOR ANGEW PY 2001 VL 27 BP 2784 EP 2788 PN 5 PG 3 WC Limnology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BU06W UT WOS:000174899600058 ER PT S AU Parris, JT Carmichael, WW Jones, SB AF Parris, JT Carmichael, WW Jones, SB BE Williams, WD TI In vitro inhibition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) brain cholinesterase activity by anatoxin-a(s), a cyanobacterial neurotoxin: a comparison with dichlorvos and carbaryl SO INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY, VOL 27, PT 5, PROCEEDINGS SE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Congress of the International-Association-of-Theoretical-and-Applied-Limnology CY 1998 CL DUBLIN, IRELAND SP Int Assoc Theoret & Appl Limnol ID ANABAENA-FLOS-AQUAE; GREEN-ALGAE; ANTICHOLINESTERASE; PLASMA; BLOOMS; LAKES; BIRDS C1 USGS, BRD, Environm & Contaminants, Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Jones, SB (reprint author), USGS, BRD, Environm & Contaminants, Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0368-0770 BN 3-510-54056-5 J9 INT VER THEOR ANGEW PY 2001 VL 27 BP 3082 EP 3085 PN 5 PG 4 WC Limnology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BU06W UT WOS:000174899600130 ER PT B AU Wilson, S Chu, CH AF Wilson, S Chu, CH GP IEEE COMPUTER COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Development of a digital video system for remote sensing of coasts SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: CODING AND COMPUTING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Information Technology - Coding and Computing (ITCC 2001) CY APR 02-04, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP IEEE Comp Soc AB The proliferation of low cost multispectral CCD video technology in combination with the Global Positioning System (GPS) has progressed to the point where quantifiable and meaningful results can be derived from low altitude aerial digital video systems. This low cost technology will provide meaningful and sometimes critical data that will be required for regional and site-specific land and emergency management. Historically, video has not had the resolution or repeatability to be used for spatial processing, but newer digital systems have expanded the capabilities. Potential applications include the areas of precision farming, oil spill clean up, fire remediation, and corridor mapping. In this article, we explain how we developed a low altitude digital video system and compared it to a number of commercially available remote sensing platforms. Salient information such as color, texture, shape, and orientation can be extracted from the images and used in a geographic information system for landscape and site-specific analysis. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA. RP Wilson, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1062-0 PY 2001 BP 349 EP 353 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BS14L UT WOS:000168822800061 ER PT J AU Thurman, EM Zimmerman, LR Aga, DS Gilliom, RJ AF Thurman, EM Zimmerman, LR Aga, DS Gilliom, RJ TI Regional water-quality analysis of 2,4-D and dicamba in river water using gas chromatography isotope dilution mass spectrometry SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE GC-MS analysis; ELISA analysis; 2,4-D; dicamba; herbicide ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; ACIDIC HERBICIDES; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ATRAZINE; SOIL AB Gas chromatography with isotope dilution mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used in regional National Water Quality Assessment studies of the herbicides, 2,4-D and dicamba, in river water across the United States. The GC-MS method involved solid-phase extraction, derivatized with deuterated 2,4-D, and analysis by selected ion monitoring. The ELISA method was applied after preconcentration with solid-phase extraction. The ELISA method was unreliable because of interference from humic substances that were also isolated by solid-phase extraction. Therefore, GC-MS was used to analyzed 80 samples from river water from 14 basins. The frequency of detection of dicamba (28%) was higher than that for 2,4-D (16%). Concentrations were higher for dicamba than for 2,4-D, ranging from less than the detection limit (<0.05 g/L) to 3.77 mug/L, in spite of 5 times more annual use of 2,4-D as compared to dicamba. These results suggest that 2,4-D degrades more rapidly in the environment than dicamba. C1 US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Chem, Kearney, NE 68849 USA. US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. RP Thurman, EM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4821 Quail Crest Pl, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RI Thurman, Earl/B-5131-2011; Zimmerman, Lisa/K-6674-2012 NR 18 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU GORDON BREACH PUBLISHING, TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, 8TH FL, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0306-7319 J9 INT J ENVIRON AN CH JI Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. PY 2001 VL 79 IS 3 BP 185 EP 198 DI 10.1080/03067310108044398 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 465HF UT WOS:000170583000002 ER PT J AU Landmeyer, JE AF Landmeyer, James E. TI Monitoring the Effect of Poplar Trees on Petroleum-Hydrocarbon and Chlorinated-Solvent Contaminated Ground Water SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION LA English DT Article DE phytoremediation; poplar trees; petroleum hydrocarbons; chlorinated solvents; ground water; hydraulic control AB At contaminated groundwater sites, poplar trees can be used to affect groundwater levels, flow directions, and ultimately total groundwater and contaminant flux to areas downgradient of the trees. The magnitude of the hydrologic changes can be monitored using fundamental concepts of groundwater hydrology, in addition to plant physiology-based approaches, and can be viewed as being almost independent of the contaminant released. The affect of poplar trees on the fate of groundwater contaminants, however, is contaminant dependent. Some petroleum hydrocarbons or chlorinated solvents may be mineralized or transformed to innocuous compounds by rhizospheric bacteria associated with the tree roots, mineralized or transformed by plant tissues in the transpiration stream or leaves after uptake, or passively volatilized and rapidly dispersed or oxidized in the atmosphere. These processes also can be monitored using a combination of physiological- or geochemical-based field or laboratory approaches. When combined, such hydrologic and contaminant monitoring approaches can result in a more accurate assessment of the use of poplar trees to meet regulatory goals at contaminated groundwater sites, verify that these goals continue to be met in the future, and ultimately lead to a consensus on how the performance of plant-based remedial strategies (phytoremediation) is to be assessed. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. RP Landmeyer, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 720 Gracern Rd Suite 129, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM jlandmey@usgs.gov NR 71 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-6514 EI 1549-7879 J9 INT J PHYTOREMEDIAT JI Int. J. Phytoremediat. PY 2001 VL 3 IS 1 BP 61 EP 85 DI 10.1080/15226510108500050 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V33JX UT WOS:000209016200004 ER PT J AU Ramaswami, A Carr, P Burkhardt, M AF Ramaswami, Anu Carr, Paul Burkhardt, Mark TI Plant-Uptake of Uranium: Hydroponic and Soil System Studies SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION LA English DT Article AB Limited information is available on screening and selection of terrestrial plants for uptake and translocation of uranium from soil. This article evaluates the removal of uranium from water and soil by selected plants, comparing plant performance in hydroponic systems with that in two soil systems (a sandy-loam soil and an organic-rich soil). Plants selected for this study were Sunflower (Helianthus giganteus), Spring Vetch (Vicia sativa), Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa), Juniper (Juniperus monosperma), Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea), and Bush Bean (Phaseolus nanus). Plant performance was evaluated both in terms of the percent uranium extracted from the three systems, as well as the biological absorption coefficient (BAC) that normalized uranium uptake to plant biomass. Study results indicate that uranium extraction efficiency decreased sharply across hydroponic, sandy and organic soil systems, indicating that soil organic matter sequestered uranium, rendering it largely unavailable for plant uptake. These results indicate that site-specific soils must be used to screen plants for uranium extraction capability; plant behavior in hydroponic systems does not correlate well with that in soil systems. One plant species, Juniper, exhibited consistent uranium extraction efficiencies and BACs in both sandy and organic soils, suggesting unique uranium extraction capabilities. C1 [Ramaswami, Anu] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Engn, Denver, CO 80217 USA. [Carr, Paul] Univ Colorado, Ctr Hlth Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Burkhardt, Mark] USGS Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver, CO USA. RP Ramaswami, A (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Engn, Denver, CO 80217 USA. EM aramaswa@carbon.cudenver.edu OI Ramaswami, Anu/0000-0002-0476-2315 NR 19 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-6514 EI 1549-7879 J9 INT J PHYTOREMEDIAT JI Int. J. Phytoremediat. PY 2001 VL 3 IS 2 BP 189 EP 201 DI 10.1080/15226510108500056 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V33JY UT WOS:000209016300003 ER PT J AU Loveland, TR AF Loveland, TR TI Toward a national fuels mapping strategy: Lessons from selected mapping programs SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Crossing the Millennium: Integrating Spatial Technologies and Ecological Principles for a New Age in Fire Management CY JUN, 1999 CL BOISE, IDAHO DE vegetation; land cover; fuels; mapping; United States; remote sensing ID COVER; CLASSIFICATION AB The establishment of a robust national fuels mapping program must be based on pertinent lessons from relevant national mapping programs. Many large-area mapping programs are under way in numerous Federal agencies. Each of these programs follows unique strategies to achieve mapping goals and objectives. Implementation approaches range from highly centralized programs that use tightly integrated standards and dedicated staff, to dispersed programs that permit considerable flexibility. One model facilitates national consistency, while the other allows accommodation of locally relevant conditions and issues. An examination of the programmatic strategies of four national vegetation and land cover mapping initiatives can identify the unique approaches, accomplishments, and lessons of each that should be considered in the design of a national fuel mapping program. The first three programs are the US. Geological Survey Gap Analysis Program, the U.S. Geological Survey National Land Cover Characterization Program, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Survey National Wetlands Inventory. A fourth program, the interagency Multiresolution Land Characterization Program, offers insights in the use of partnerships to accomplish mapping goals. Collectively, the programs provide lessons, guiding principles, and other basic concepts that can be used to design a successful national fuels mapping initiative. C1 US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Loveland, TR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2001 VL 10 IS 3-4 BP 289 EP 299 DI 10.1071/WF01030 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 489AK UT WOS:000171969500004 ER PT J AU Schloesser, DW Nalepa, TF AF Schloesser, DW Nalepa, TF TI Changing abundance of Hexagenia mayfly nymphs in western Lake Erie of the Laurentian Great Lakes: Impediments to assessment of lake recovery? SO INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF HYDROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mayfly; lake recovery; recruitment; Laurentian Great Lakes ID BURROWING MAYFLIES; CONNECTING CHANNELS; LIMBATA; EPHEMEROPTERA; EPHEMERIDAE; SEDIMENTS AB After an absence of 40 years, mayfly nymphs of the genus Hexagenia were found in sediments of western Lake Erie of the Laurentian Great Lakes in 1993 and, by 1997, were abundant enough to meet a mayfly-density management goal (ca. 350 nymphs m(-2)) based on pollution-abatement programs. We sampled nymphs in western Lake Erie and Lake St. Clair, located upstream of western Lake Erie, to determine the importance of seasonal abundance and life-history characteristics of nymphs (e.g., emergence and recruitment) on density estimates relative to the mayfly-density management peal. Two types of density patterns were observed: (1) densities were relatively high in spring and gradually decreased through late summer (observed in Lake Erie and Lake St. Clair in 1997 and Lake St. Clair in 1999) and (2) densities were relatively high in spring, gradually decreased to mid summer, abruptly decreased in mid summer, and then increased between summer and late fall (Lake Erie and Lake St. Clair in 1998 and Lake Erie in 1999). Length-frequency distributions of nymphs and observations of adults indicate that the primary cause for the two density patterns was attributed to failed (first pattern) and successful (second pattern) reproduction and emergence of nymphs into adults in mid summer. Gradual declines in densities were attributed to mortality of nymphs. Our results indicate that caution should be used when evaluating progress of pollution-abatement programs based on mayfly densities because recruitment success is variable both between and within years. Additionally, the interpretation of progress toward management goals, relative to the restoration of Hexagenia populations in the Great Lakes and possibly other water bodies throughout the world, is influenced by the number of years in which consequtive collections are made. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Schloesser, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NR 45 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1434-2944 J9 INT REV HYDROBIOL JI Int. Rev. Hydrobiol. PY 2001 VL 86 IS 1 BP 87 EP 103 DI 10.1002/1522-2632(200101)86:1<87::AID-IROH87>3.3.CO;2-X PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 401FK UT WOS:000166917400005 ER PT S AU Popenoe, P Manheim, FT AF Popenoe, P Manheim, FT BE Sedberry, GR TI Origin and history of the Charleston Bump - Geological formations, currents, bottom conditions, and their relationship to wreckfish habitats on the Blake Plateau SO ISLAND IN THE STREAM: OCEANOGRAPHY AND FISHERIES OF THE CHARLESTON BUMP SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Charleston Bump Colloquium CY OCT, 1999 CL CHARLESTON, SC ID CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; UNITED-STATES; GULF-STREAM; FLORIDA; STRATIGRAPHY; PATTERNS; NORTHERN; SHELF; USA AB The Charleston Bump is a structural and topographic high on the northern Blake Plateau that overlies a seaward offset of the edge of continental crust. The feature causes the bottom to shoal and deflects the Gulf Stream offshore, causing an intensification of bottom currents. The area has been swept by strong currents since late Cretaceous time, but the strongest currents have occurred in the Neogene (last similar to25 million years), Nondepositional conditions prevail at present, but erosion of the bottom is checked where the bottom is armored by a hard surficial layer of phosphorite pavement. The phosphorite pavements were formed by re-cementation of eroded residues of phosphorite-rich sediments of early-Neogene age. In some places there are multiple pavements separated by poorly lithified sediments. Submersible observations indicate that the south, or current-facing flank of the Charleston Bump has several deep (>100 m) scour depressions, the southern flanks of which form cliffs characterized by ledges and overhangs. In other areas discrete layers of older Paleogene rocks have been partly eroded away, leaving cliff-like steps of 5 m or more relief. Conglomeratic phosphorite pavement layers up to I m thick armor most of the bottom. Where breached by scour, these pavements form both low-relief ledges and rock piles. These features form a reef-like environment of caves and overhangs utilized by wreckfish Polyprion americanus and barrelfish Hyperoglyphe perciformis as shelter from the current and as staging areas to prey on passing schools of squid. Wreckfish and other large fish were often localized in rugged bottom habitat, including caves and other shelter areas. We observed wreckfish darting from shelters to feed on passing schools of squid. Present and past observations, are consistent with the concept that impingement of the Gulf Stream at the Charleston Bump compresses midwater fauna from much thicker water layers, providing food for a flourishing big-fish fauna. During our dives we noted currents often exceeding 1 knot, and ranging to 2.4 knots. Evidence of fossil, manganese-iron-encrusted megaripples suggest even greater current regimes in the past. Investigation of the site of an earlier report of possible freshwater discharge failed to find any evidence of a closed sinkhole or freshwater discharge. Rather, we concluded that the apparent loss of buoyancy experienced by the submarine was probably caused by downward-directed eddy currents generated by currents sweeping across the pavement/void interface of a more than 100-m high cliff 3 km south of the reported location. C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Popenoe, P (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Quissett Campus, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 72 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-23-9 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2001 VL 25 BP 43 EP 93 PG 51 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA BU51Y UT WOS:000176234800004 ER PT J AU Kester, CL Rye, RO Johnson, CA Schwartz, C Holmes, C AF Kester, CL Rye, RO Johnson, CA Schwartz, C Holmes, C TI On-line sulfur isotope analysis of organic material by direct combustion: Preliminary results and potential applications SO ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Application of Stable Isotope Techniques to Ecological Studies CY MAY 07-11, 2000 CL BRAUNSCHWEIG, GERMANY DE direct on-line combustion; organic material; sulfur isotopes ID STABLE SULFUR; SULFATE; LAKE; PRECIPITATION AB Sulfur isotopes have received little attention in ecology studies because plant and animal materials typically have low sulfur concentrations (< 1 wt.%) necessitating labor-intensive chemical extraction Drier to analysis. To address the potential of direct combustion of organic material in an elemental analyzer coupled with a mass spectrometer, we compared results obtained by direct combustion to results obtained by sulfur extraction with Eschka's mixture. Direct combustion of peat and animal tissue gave reproducibility of better than 0.50/00 and on average, values are 0.80/00 higher than values obtained by Eschka extraction. Successful direct combustion of organic material appears to be a function of sample matrix and sulfur concentration. Initial results indicate that direct combustion provides fast, reliable results with minimal preparation. Pilot studies underway include defining bear diets and examining fluctuations between freshwater and brackish water in coastal environments. C1 US Geol Survey, GD, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, BRD, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. US Geol Survey, GD, St Petersburg, FL 34701 USA. RP Kester, CL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, GD, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 963, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU GORDON BREACH PUBLISHING, TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, 8TH FL, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1025-6016 J9 ISOT ENVIRON HEALT S JI Isot. Environ. Health Stud. PY 2001 VL 37 IS 1 BP 53 EP 65 DI 10.1080/10256010108033281 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 430FP UT WOS:000168564100005 PM 11558656 ER PT J AU Knoff, AJ Macko, SA Erwin, RM AF Knoff, AJ Macko, SA Erwin, RM TI Diets of nesting Laughing Gulls (Larus atricilla) at the Virginia Coast Reserve: Observations from stable isotope analysis SO ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Application of Stable Isotope Techniques to Ecological Studies CY MAY 07-11, 2000 CL BRAUNSCHWEIG, GERMANY DE carbon 13; diet; Larus atricilla; Laughing Gull; natural variations; nitrogen 15; sulfur 34 ID SALT-MARSH ESTUARIES; ORGANIC-MATTER FLOW; FOOD WEBS; NITROGEN ISOTOPES; CARBON ISOTOPES; ANIMALS; GEORGIA; MARINE; SULFUR; WATER AB Food web studies often ignore details of temporal, spatial, and intrapopulation dietary variation in top-level consumers. In this study, intrapopulation dietary variation of a dominant carnivore, the Laughing Gull (Larus atricilla), was examined using carbon. nitrogen, and sulfur isotope analysis of gull tissues as well as their prey (fish, invertebrates, and insects) from the Virginia Coast Reserve estuarine system. As earlier traditional diet studies found evidence of individual dietary specialization within gull populations, this study used stable isotope analysis to assess specialization in a coastal Laughing Gull population. Specifically, blood, muscle, and feather isotope values indicated significant intrapopulation dietary specialization. Some gulls relied more heavily on estuarine prey (mean blood delta C-13 = - 17.5, delta N-15 = 12.6, and delta S-34 = 9.3), whereas others appeared to consume more foods of marine origin (mean blood delta C-13 = - 19.4, delta N-15 = 14.8 and delta S-34 = 10.4). It is important to account for such dietary variability when assessing trophic linkages in dynamic estuarine systems. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. RP Knoff, AJ (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Clark Hall,McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. NR 50 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 18 PU GORDON BREACH PUBLISHING, TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, 8TH FL, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1025-6016 J9 ISOT ENVIRON HEALT S JI Isot. Environ. Health Stud. PY 2001 VL 37 IS 1 BP 67 EP 88 DI 10.1080/10256010108033282 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 430FP UT WOS:000168564100006 PM 11558657 ER PT J AU Simmons, OD Sobsey, MD Schaefer, FW Francy, DS Nally, RA Heaney, CD AF Simmons, OD Sobsey, MD Schaefer, FW Francy, DS Nally, RA Heaney, CD TI Evaluation of USEPA method 1622 for detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in stream waters SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PARVUM OOCYSTS; CHLORINE DIOXIDE; DRINKING-WATER; DISINFECTION; SURVIVAL; MONOCHLORAMINE; INACTIVATION; VIABILITY; SAMPLES; OZONE AB To improve surveillance for Cryptosporidium oocysts in water, the US Environmental Protection Agency developed method 1622, which consists of filtration, concentration, immunomagnetic separation, fluorescent antibody and 4, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) counter-staining, and microscopic evaluation. Two filters were compared for analysis of 11 stream water samples collected throughout the United States. Replicate 10-L stream water samples (unspiked and spiked with 100-250 oocysts) were tested to evaluate matrix effects. Oocyst recoveries from the stream water samples averaged 22% (standard deviation [SD] = +/-17%)with a membrane disk and 12% (SD = +/-6%) with a capsule filter. Oocyst recoveries from reagent water precision and recovery samples averaged 39% (SD = +/-13%) with a membrane disk and 47% (SD = +/-19%) with a capsule filter. These results demonstrate that Cryptosporidium oocysts can be recovered from stream waters using method 1622, but recoveries are lower than those from reagent-grade water. This research also evaluated concentrations of indicator bacteria in the stream water samples. Because few samples were oocyst-positive, relationships between detections of oocysts and concentrations of indicator organisms could not be determined. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. RP Simmons, OD (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Rosenau Hall,CB 7400, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 93 IS 1 BP 78 EP 87 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 434VL UT WOS:000168836500017 ER PT J AU Thurman, EM Aga, DS AF Thurman, EM Aga, DS TI Detection of pesticides and pesticide metabolites using the cross reactivity of enzyme immunoassays SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; ATRAZINE RESIDUES; WATER; HERBICIDES; ALACHLOR; CHROMATOGRAPHY; SOIL AB Enzyme immunoassay is an important environmental analysis method that may be used to identify many pesticide analytes in water samples. Because of similarities in chemical structure between various members of a pesticide class, there often may be an unwanted response that is characterized by a percentage of cross reactivity, Also, there may be cross reactivity caused by degradation products of the target analyte that may be present in the sample. In this paper, the concept of cross reactivity caused by degradation products or by nontarget analytes is explored as a tool for identification of metabolites or structurally similar compounds not previously known to be present in water samples. Two examples are examined in this paper from various water quality studies. They are alachlor and its metabolite, alachlor ethane sulfonic acid, and atrazine and its class members, prometryn and propazine, A method for using cross reactivity for the detection of these compounds is explained in this paper. C1 US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Chem, Kearney, NE 68849 USA. RP Thurman, EM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4821 Quail Cr Pl, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RI Thurman, Earl/B-5131-2011 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 84 IS 1 BP 162 EP 167 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 402RK UT WOS:000167001800025 PM 11234804 ER PT J AU Biondi, F Gershunov, A Cayan, DR AF Biondi, F Gershunov, A Cayan, DR TI North Pacific decadal climate variability since 1661 SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; TREE-RINGS; ENSO TELECONNECTIONS; PRECIPITATION; OSCILLATION; AMERICA; SOLAR AB Climate in the North Pacific and North American sectors has experienced interdecadal shifts during the twentieth century. A network of recently developed tree-ring chronologies for Southern and Baja California extends the instrumental record and reveals decadal-scale variability back to 1661. The Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) is closely matched by the dominant mode of tree-ring variability that provides a preliminary view of multiannual climate fluctuations spanning the past four centuries. The reconstructed PDO index features a prominent bidecadal oscillation, whose amplitude weakened in the late 1700s to mid-1800s. A comparison with proxy records of ENSO suggests that the greatest decadal-scale oscillations in Pacific climate between 1706 and 1977 occurred around 1750, 1905, and 1947. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Geog, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Biondi, F (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Geog, Mail Stop 154, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RI Biondi, Franco/G-2536-2010 OI Biondi, Franco/0000-0003-0651-104X NR 38 TC 318 Z9 340 U1 5 U2 46 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PY 2001 VL 14 IS 1 BP 5 EP 10 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<0005:NPDCVS>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 393MK UT WOS:000166474100001 ER PT J AU Small, EE Giorgi, F Sloan, LC Hostetler, S AF Small, EE Giorgi, F Sloan, LC Hostetler, S TI The effects of desiccation and climatic change on the hydrology of the Aral Sea SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID LAKE-EFFECT SNOWSTORMS; GREAT-LAKES; EFFECT SNOWFALL; UNITED-STATES; MODEL REGCM2; SIMULATION; MICHIGAN; PRECIPITATION; WEATHER; PARAMETERIZATIONS AB Anthropogenic desiccation of the Aral Sea between 1960 and the mid-1990s resulted in a substantial modification of the land surface that changed air temperature in the surrounding region. During the desiccation interval, the net annual rate of precipitation minus evaporation (P - E) over the Aral Sea's surface became more negative by similar to 15%, with the greatest changes occurring during the summer months. In addition, Aral Sea surface temperatures (SST) increased by up to 5 degreesC in the spring and summer and decreased by up to 4 degreesC in the fall and winter. A series of coupled regional climate-lake model experiments were completed to evaluate if the observed hydrologic changes are caused by desiccation or instead reflect larger-scale climatic variability or change, or some combination of both. If the P - E changes are the result of desiccation, then a positive feedback exists that has amplified the anthropogenic perturbation to the hydrologic system. The effects of desiccation are examined by varying the simulated area, depth, and salinity of the Aral Sea in different model experiments. The simulated changes in SST resulting from desiccation are similar to the observed changes-both simulated and observed SSTs have increased during the spring and summer and have decreased during the fall and winter. The simulated changes in the annual cycle of P - E resulting from desiccation are also similar to observed changes, but the simulated net annual decrease in P - E is only similar to 30% of the observed decrease. Warming has been observed across central Asia during the desiccation interval. The hydrologic response to this large-scale climatic variability or change was assessed by perturbing the meteorological boundary conditions (1.5 degreesC cooling with constant relative humidity) but leaving the Aral Sea characteristics unchanged. The simulated effects of warming do not closely match the observed changes on the monthly timescale-SST changes are positive and the P - E changes are negative in all months. However, the annual change in P - E is similar to the observed value. The simulated hydrologic response to the combined effects of desiccation and warming matches the observed SST and P - E changes more closely than the response to each forcing alone. This result indicates that a combination of both desiccation and climatic change or variability has produced the observed hydrological changes-the primary effect of desiccation is to alter the annual cycle of SST and P - E whereas warming has modified the hydrologic budget on the annual timescale. C1 New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Phys Climate Grp, Trieste, Italy. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Small, EE (reprint author), New Mexico Tech, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RI small, eric/B-4939-2011; Giorgi, Filippo/C-3169-2013; Small, eric/K-6007-2015 NR 43 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PY 2001 VL 14 IS 3 BP 300 EP 322 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2001)013<0300:TEODAC>2.0.CO;2 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 399WC UT WOS:000166836400005 ER PT J AU McCabe, GJ Clark, MP Serreze, MC AF McCabe, GJ Clark, MP Serreze, MC TI Trends in Northern Hemisphere surface cyclone frequency and intensity SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; STORM TRACKS; EL-NINO; CIRCULATION; GCM; TEMPERATURE; CLIMATOLOGY AB One of the hypothesized effects of global warming from increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases is a change in the frequency and/or intensity of extratropical cyclones. In this study, winter frequencies and intensities of extratropical cyclones in the Northern Hemisphere for the period 1959-97 are examined to determine if identifiable trends are occurring. Results indicate a statistically significant decrease in midlatitude cyclone frequency and a significant increase in high-latitude cyclone frequency. In addition, storm intensity has increased in both the high and midlatitudes. The changes in storm frequency correlate with changes in winter Northern Hemisphere temperature and support hypotheses that global warming may result in a northward shift of storm tracks in the Northern Hemisphere. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Cryospher & Polar Proc Div, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP McCabe, GJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 412, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RI Clark, Martyn/A-5560-2015 OI Clark, Martyn/0000-0002-2186-2625 NR 30 TC 212 Z9 228 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PY 2001 VL 14 IS 12 BP 2763 EP 2768 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<2763:TINHSC>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 441PQ UT WOS:000169239100017 ER PT J AU Brim, MS Alam, SK Jenkins, LG AF Brim, MS Alam, SK Jenkins, LG TI Organochlorine pesticides and heavy metals in muscle and ovaries of Gulf coast striped bass (Morone saxatilis) from the Apalachicola River, Florida, USA SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE striped bass; Morone saxatilis; organochlorine pesticides; heavy metals ID FRESH-WATER FISH; ACCUMULATION; BIOAVAILABILITY; TISSUES; ZN; PB AB Eight female Gulf coast striped bass (Morone saxatilis) broodfish collected for induced spawning from the Apalachicola River below the Jim Woodruff Lock and Dam were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides (OCs) and metals in muscle and ovarian tissues. Chemical analyses revealed that muscle and ovaries contained detectable amounts of OCs and metals. Concentrations of p,p'-DDE, a derivative of the pesticide DDT, in muscle and ovary (0.54 and 0.65 mug/g, respectively) were significantly higher than a-chlordane, dieldrin, and p,p'-DDD. The presence of p,p'-DDE, an antiandrogenic compound, in females suggests that the compound also may be present in male striped bass. Concentrations of Cr, Hg, Mg, and Mn were higher in muscle than in ovarian tissues. Concentrations of Hg have almost doubled in muscle tissues (0.85 mug/g) and tripled in ovaries (0.15 mug/g) in our samples, compared with the data from 1986 to 1989. Organochlorine pesticides and metal contaminants were present in muscle and ovarian tissues of adult females and may have been retarding development of eggs leading to low hatching rates. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Brim, MS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1612 June Ave, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. NR 48 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 2001 VL 36 IS 1 BP 15 EP 27 DI 10.1081/PFC-100000913 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 409FT UT WOS:000167374400002 PM 11281252 ER PT J AU Laakkonen, J Fisher, RN Case, TJ AF Laakkonen, J Fisher, RN Case, TJ TI Spatial analysis on the occurrence of Pneumocystis carinii in the shrew Notiosorex crawfordi in fragmented landscape in southern California SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists CY JUN 13-16, 2001 CL CINCINNATI, OHIO SP Soc Protozoologists, Univ Cincinnati ID HOST C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, USGS Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Laakkonen, J (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PY 2001 SU S BP 111S EP 112S PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 531MN UT WOS:000174419300043 ER PT J AU Davis, MW Olla, BL Schreck, CB AF Davis, MW Olla, BL Schreck, CB TI Stress induced by hooking, net towing, elevated sea water temperature and air in sablefish: lack of concordance between mortality and physiological measures of stress SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bycatch; capture; physiology; temperature ID COHO SALMON; NORTH-SEA; FISH; DURATION; CORTISOL; SURVIVAL AB In a series of laboratory studies designed to simulate bycatch processes. sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria were either hooked for up to 24 h or towed in a net for 4 h and then subjected to an abrupt transfer to elevated sea water temperature and air. Mortality did not result from hooking or net towing followed by exposure to air, but increased for both capture methods as fish were exposed to elevated temperatures, reflecting the magnifying effect of elevated temperature on mortality. Hooking and exposure to air resulted in increased plasma cortisol and lactate concentrations, while the combination of hooking and exposure to elevated temperature and air resulted in increased lactate and potassium concentrations. In fish that were towed in a net and exposed to air. cortisol, lactate. potassium and sodium concentrations increased. but when subjected to elevated temperature and air, no further increases occurred above the concentrations induced by net towing and air, suggesting a possible maximum of the physiological stress response. The results suggest that caution should be exercised when using physiological measures to quantify stress induced by capture and exposure to elevated temperature and air. that ultimately result in mortality, since the connections between physiological stress and mortality in bycatch processes remain to be fully understood. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Davis, MW (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. NR 32 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 4 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 58 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1006/jfbi.2000.1399 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 397FL UT WOS:000166682600001 ER PT J AU Starliper, CE AF Starliper, CE TI Isolation of Serratia liquefaciens as a pathogen of Arctic char, Salvelinus alpinus (L.) SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Serratia liquefaciens; Salvelinus alpinus; Arctic char; mortality; pathogenicity virulence C1 USGS BRD, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Starliper, CE (reprint author), USGS BRD, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, 1700 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 24 IS 1 BP 53 EP 56 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2761.2001.00266.x PG 4 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 410EZ UT WOS:000167428200008 ER PT J AU Iverson, NR Iverson, RM AF Iverson, NR Iverson, RM TI Distributed shear of subglacial till due to Coulomb slip SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ICE STREAM-B; SEDIMENT DEFORMATION; WEST ANTARCTICA; VISCOUS TILL; BENEATH GLACIERS; RING-SHEAR; FLOW; BEHAVIOR; SHEET; BED AB In most models of the flow of glaciers on till beds, it has been assumed that till behaves as a viscoplastic fluid, despite contradictory evidence from laboratory studies. In accord with this assumption, displacement profiles measured in subglacial till have been fitted with viscoplastic models by estimating the stress distribution. Here we present a model that illustrates how observed displacement profiles can result from till deformation resisted solely by Coulomb friction. Motion in the till bed is assumed to be driven by brief departures from static equilibrium caused by fluctuations in effective normal stress. These fluctuations result from chains of particles that support intergranular forces that are higher than average and that form and fail at various depths in the bed during shearing. Newton's second law is used to calculate displacements along slip planes and the depth to which deformation extends in the bed. Consequent displacement profiles are convex upward, similar to those measured by Boulton and colleagues at Breidamerkurjokull, Iceland. The model results, when considered together with the long-term and widespread empirical support for Coulomb models in soils engineering, indicate that efforts to fit viscoplastic flow models to till displacement profiles may be misguided. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Geol & Atmospher Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98661 USA. RP Iverson, NR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Geol & Atmospher Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 51 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2001 VL 47 IS 158 BP 481 EP 488 DI 10.3189/172756501781832115 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 522AA UT WOS:000173872500014 ER PT J AU Kreutz, KJ Aizen, VB Cecil, LD Wake, CP AF Kreutz, KJ Aizen, VB Cecil, LD Wake, CP TI Oxygen isotopic and soluble ionic composition of a shallow firn core, Inilchek glacier, central Tien Shan SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ICE CORE; ASIAN GLACIERS; TROPICAL ICE; PRECIPITATION; AMMONIUM; HIMALAYA; MONSOON; AEROSOL; CHINA; SNOW AB Oxygen isotopic and soluble ionic measurements made on snow-pit (2 in depth) and firn-core (12.4 m depth samples recovered from the accumulation zone 5100 m) of Inilchek glacier 43degrees N, 79degrees E) provide information on recent (1992-98) climatic and environmental conditions in the central Tien Shan region of central Asia. The combined 14.4 m snow-pit/firn-core profile lies within the firn zone, arid contains only one observed melt feature (10 m temperature = - 12 degreesC), Although some post-depositional attenuation of the sub-seasonal delta(18)O record is possible, annual cycles are apparent throughout the isotope profile. We therefore use the preserved delta(18)O record to establish a depth/age scale for the core. Mean delta(18)O values for the entire core and for summer periods are consistent with delta(18)O/temperature observations, and suggest the delta(18)O record provides a means to reconstruct past changes in summer surface temperature at the site. Major-ion (Na(+), K(+), Mg(2+), Ca(2+), NH(4)(+), Cl(-), NO(3)(-), SO(4)(2-)) data from the core demonstrate the dominant influence of dust deposition on the soluble chemistry at the site, arid indicate significant interannual variability in atmospheric-dust loading during the 1900s. Anthropogenic impacts oil NH(4)(+) concentrations are observed at the site, and suggest a summer increase in atmospheric NH(4)(+) that may be related to regional agricultural (nitrogen-rich fertilizer use activities. C1 Univ Maine, Dept Geol Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, Inst Quaternary & Climate Studies, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Donald Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. US Geol Survey, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Climate Change Res Ctr, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Kreutz, KJ (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Geol Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RI Wake, Cameron/G-8114-2014; OI Wake, Cameron/0000-0002-5961-5902 NR 35 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 9 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2001 VL 47 IS 159 BP 548 EP 554 DI 10.3189/172756501781831819 PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 546BT UT WOS:000175252600003 ER PT J AU Elsberg, DH Harrison, WD Echelmeyer, KA Krimmel, RM AF Elsberg, DH Harrison, WD Echelmeyer, KA Krimmel, RM TI Quantifying the effects of climate and surface change on glacier mass balance SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALASKA AB When a mass balance is computed using an outdated map,. that computation does not reveal the actual mass change. But older maps often must be used for practical reasons. We present a method by which, with a few additional measurements each year, a mass balance computed with an outdated map can be transformed into an actual mass change. This is done by taking into account the influence of changes in areal extent and changes in the surface elevation of the glacier since the map was made. This method is applied to South Cascade Glacier, Washington, U.S.A., as an example. The computed cumulative mass balance from 1970 to 1997 would have been 16% too negative if the 1970 map had not been updated. While the actual volume change of a glacier is relevant to hydrological studies, the change that would have occurred on a constant or static) surface is more relevant to certain glacier dynamics problems and most climate problems. We term this the reference-surface balance and propose that such a balance, which deliberately omits the influence of changes in area and surface elevation, is better correlated to climatic variations than the conventional one, which incorporates those influences. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. US Geol Survey, Tacoma, WA 98416 USA. RP Elsberg, DH (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NR 13 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 8 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2001 VL 47 IS 159 BP 649 EP 658 DI 10.3189/172756501781831783 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 546BT UT WOS:000175252600013 ER PT J AU Harrison, WD Elsberg, DH Echelmeyer, KA Krimmel, RM AF Harrison, WD Elsberg, DH Echelmeyer, KA Krimmel, RM TI On the characterization of glacier response by a single time-scale SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MASS-BALANCE; ICE-SHEETS AB Glacier response to climate can be characterized by a single time-scale when the glacier changes sufficiently slowly. Then the derivative of volume with respect to area defines a thickness scale similar to that of Johannesson and others, and the time-scale follows from it. Our version of the time-scale is different from theirs because it explicitly includes the effect of surface elevation on mass-balance rate, which can cause a major increase in the time-scale or even lead to unstable response. The time constant has a dual role, controlling both the rate and magnitude of response to a given climate change. Data from South Cascade Glacier, Washington, U.S.A., illustrate the ideas, some of the difficulty in obtaining accurate values for the thickness and time-scales, and the susceptibility of all response models to potentially large errors. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. US Geol Survey, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. RP Harrison, WD (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NR 15 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2001 VL 47 IS 159 BP 659 EP 664 DI 10.3189/172756501781831837 PG 6 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 546BT UT WOS:000175252600014 ER PT J AU Dykstra, CR Meyer, MW Stromborg, KL Warnke, DK Bowerman, WW Best, DA AF Dykstra, CR Meyer, MW Stromborg, KL Warnke, DK Bowerman, WW Best, DA TI Association of low reproductive rates and high contaminant levels in bald eagles on Green Bay, Lake Michigan SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bald eagles; DDE; PCBs; Lake Michigan; food; reproductive rates; Green Bay ID ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; GREAT-LAKES; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; SHELL THICKNESS; PRODUCTIVITY; RESIDUES; EGGS; WISCONSIN; SUPERIOR AB Bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) nesting on the shores of Green Bay, Lake Michigan, had reproductive rates significantly lower than those of neighboring eagles nesting in inland Wisconsin (0.55 vs. 1.1 young per occupied territory). This study investigated effects of two factors which have depressed eagle reproductive rates at other locations: e,exposure to organochlorine contaminants and low food availability. Levels of dichloro-diphenyl-dichloroethylene (DDE) and total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in addled eggs and eaglet blood samples from Lake Michigan and inland Wisconsin reference sites were measured. An index to food availability, the food delivery rates by parent eagles to nestlings, and other behavioral indices that have been associated with food availability, were measured and compared to inland reference data. Mean contaminant concentrations in addled eggs from Green Bay were 8.3 mug/g wet weight DDE and 31.3 mug/g wet weight total PCBs (1987 to 1996, n = 9). Mean concentrations in nestling blood plasma were 53 mug/kg wet weight DDE and 207 mug/kg wet weight total PCBs (1987 to 1995, n = 8). Indices of food availability were generally normal in comparison to inland reference data. Mean food delivery rare to the nestlings was 2.55 items per nestling per day (n = 7 nests). None of the behavioral measures differed significantly from inland reference values, suggesting that prey was adequate. It was concluded that organochlorine contaminants caused all or most of the depression in reproductive rates of Green Bay bald eagles. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay, WI 54311 USA. Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Bureau Integrated Sci Serv, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Univ Minnesota, Cooperat Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Michigan State Univ, Pesticide Res Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Inst Environm Toxicol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Dykstra, CR (reprint author), 7715 Mitchell Pk Dr, Cleves, OH 45002 USA. NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2001 VL 27 IS 2 BP 239 EP 251 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 446VY UT WOS:000169535900012 ER PT J AU Fleischer, GW DeSorcie, TJ Holuszko, JD AF Fleischer, GW DeSorcie, TJ Holuszko, JD TI Lake-wide distribution of Dreissena in Lake Michigan, 1999 SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE zebra mussels; Dreissena; Lake Michigan; population status; geographic distribution; depth distribution ID LOWER GREAT-LAKES; ZEBRA MUSSEL; QUAGGA MUSSEL; POLYMORPHA; ERIE; POPULATION; DENSITY; SPP. AB The Great Lakes Science Center has conducted lake-wide bottom trawl surveys of the fish community in Lake Michigan each fall since 1973. These systematic surveys are performed at depths of 9 to 110 m at each of seven index sites around Lake Michigan. Zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) popu lations have expanded to all survey locations and at a level to sufficiently contribute to the bottom trawl catches. The quagga (Dreissena bugensis), recently reported in Lake Michigan, was likely in the catches though not recognized. Dreissena spp. biomass ranged from about 0.6 to 15 kg/ha at the various sites in 1999. Dreissenid mussels were found at depths of 9 to 82 m, with their peak biomass at 27 to 46 m. The colonization of these exotic mussels has ecological implications as well as potential ramifications on the ability to sample fish consistently and effectively with bottom trawls in Lake Michigan. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Fleischer, GW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2001 VL 27 IS 2 BP 252 EP 257 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 446VY UT WOS:000169535900013 ER PT J AU French, JRP Jude, DJ AF French, JRP Jude, DJ TI Diets and diet overlap of nonindigenous gobies and small benthic native fishes co-inhabiting the St. Clair River, Michigan SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE round goby; tubenose goby; diet; diet overlap; predation; St. Clair River; northern madtom; mottled sculpin; Hexagenia; logperch ID RUFFE GYMNOCEPHALUS-CERNUUS; MOTTLED SCULPIN; LAKE-MICHIGAN; GREAT-LAKES; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; LEPOMIS-GIBBOSUS; COTTUS-BAIRDI; ZEBRA MUSSELS; STREAM FISHES; YELLOW PERCH AB Round gobies (Neogobius melanostomus), after successfully reproducing in the early 1990s, decimated populations of mottled sculpins (Cottus bairdi) and possibly logperch (Percina caprodes) in the St. Clair River. Studies were conducted during 1994 to determine whether diets of round and tubenose (Proterorhinus marmoratus) gobies overlapped with those of native forage fishes. In the nearshore zone (depth : 1 m), round and tubenose gobies, logperch, and rainbow darters (Etheostoma caeruleum) of similar sizes (total lengths < 75 mm) consumed mainly small-sized macroinvertebrates (dipterans, Caenis, and amphipods) during June 1994. Logperch and rainbow darters were present in the nearshore zone only during this month. At the crest of the channel slope (depth = 3 m), round gobies and northern madtoms (Noturus stigmosus) ate mostly ephemeropteran nymphs (Hexagenia and Bactisca), while predation on zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) and other mollusks by round gobies was minimal. Northern madtoms did not feed on mollusks. Diet overlap between round gobies and native fishes was not observed at the channel slope (depth = 5 m and 7 m) due to heavy predation on mollusks by round gobies. Young-of-the-year (YOY) round gobies migrated to deeper water in autumn and became prey of mottled sculpins and northern madtoms. Eggs and YOY of mottled sculpins may have become vulnerable to predation by both round gobies and native fishes in deeper water, since adult mottled sculpins were apparently confined to the channel with limited home range because aggressive round gobies occupied preferred shallow habitat, including spawning sites. C1 Univ Michigan, Ctr Great Lakes & Aquat Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Jude, DJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ctr Great Lakes & Aquat Sci, 501 E Univ Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM djude@umich.edu RI Mensinger, Allen/B-7349-2013 NR 50 TC 121 Z9 124 U1 5 U2 62 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2001 VL 27 IS 3 BP 300 EP 311 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 479RD UT WOS:000171416600005 ER PT J AU O'Gorman, R Burnett, JAD AF O'Gorman, R Burnett, JAD TI Fish community dynamics in northeastern Lake Ontario with emphasis on the growth and reproductive success of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and white perch (Morone americana), 1978 to 1997 SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE fish community dynamics; yellow perch; white perch; Lake Ontario ID ALEWIFE ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; CORMORANTS PHALACROCORAX-AURITUS; ONEIDA-LAKE; NEW-YORK; GREAT-LAKES; RAINBOW SMELT; ESTABLISHMENT; ZOOPLANKTON; POPULATION; MORTALITY AB Fishes were assessed in Guffin, Chaumount, and Black River bays in northeastern Lake Ontario with a 7.9-m (headrope) bottom trawl during late September and early October, 1978 to 1997. Fish density declined in the early 1990s with sharp declines in abundance of spottail shiner (Notropis hudsonius), trout-perch (Percopsis omiscomaycus), and johnny darter (Etheostoma nigrum) occurring in 1993 to 1995. Rising numbers of piscivores, walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) and double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus), increased predation pressure, presumably acting in concert with oligotrophication to lower fish density, particularly after 1991 when large numbers of adult alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) no longer migrated to the northeast basin in spring. Annual mortality, of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) from age 2 to 5 rose from 33% in 1980-83 to 65% in 1992-95 and was positively related to piscivore numbers (P = 0.01, r = 0.96, n = 5). Annual mortality of yellow perch from age 0 to 2 also peaked in 1992-95. Abundance of yellow perch YOY in fall varied 40 fold and was not related to water warming in spring (P = 0.45, r = -0.19, n = 18) but was negatively related to the abundance of adult alewives in spring (P = 0.04, r = -0.49, n = 18). Although yellow perch produced moderate to strong year classes each year during 1991-95, stock size failed to increase because of rapidly accelerating mortality. Fully 85% of the variation in mean length of yellow perch YOY was explained by a multiple regression model which included YOY abundance, mean total phosphorus, and cumulative degree days > 13.5 degreesC (P < 0.01, n = 15). Abundance of white perch (Morone americana) YOY varied nearly 200 fold and was not related to water warming or spring alewife abundance (P > 0.15). Variation in mean length of white perch YOY was related to cumulative degree days > 15 degreesC (P < 0.01, r = 0.69). C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP O'Gorman, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, 17 Lake St, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. NR 63 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 10 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2001 VL 27 IS 3 BP 367 EP 383 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 479RD UT WOS:000171416600012 ER PT J AU Nalepa, TF Schloesser, DW Pothoven, SA Hondorp, DW Fanslow, DL Tuchman, ML Fleischer, GW AF Nalepa, TF Schloesser, DW Pothoven, SA Hondorp, DW Fanslow, DL Tuchman, ML Fleischer, GW TI First finding of the amphipod Echinogammarus ischnus and the mussel Dreissena bugensis in Lake Michigan SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE nonindigenous species; amphipod; quagga mussels; zebra mussels; Lake Michigan ID GREAT-LAKES; NORTH-AMERICA; COMMUNITY; SPP.; ERIE; POLYMORPHA; HABITATS; DENSITY; SIZE AB The first finding of the amphipod Echinogammarus ischnus and the mussel Dreissena bugensis in Lake Michigan is documented. These two species are widespread and abundant in the lower lakes, but had not yet been reported from Lake Michigan. E. ischnus is generally considered a warm-water form that is typically associated with hard substrates and Dreissena clusters in the nearshore zone. Along the eastern shoreline of Lake Michigan, this species was present at rocky, breakwall habitats along the entire north-south axis of the lake. Although not abundant, this species was also found at soft-bottomed sites as deep as 94 m in the southern basin. The finding of this species in deep offshore waters apparently extends the known habitat range for this species in the Great Lakes, but it is found in deep water areas within its native range (Caspian Sea). D. bugensis was not abundant, but was present in both the southern and northern portions of the lake. Individuals of up to 36 mm in length were collected, indicating that it had probably been present in the lake for 2 or more years. Also presented are depth-defined densities of D. polymorpha at 37 sites in the Straits of Mackinac in 1997, and densities at up to 55 sites in the southern basin in 1992/93 and 1998/99. Mean densities decreased with increased water depth in both regions. Maximum mean density in the Straits in 1997 was 13,700/m(2) (less than or equal to 10 m), and maximum density in the southern basin in 1999 was 2, 100/m(2) (less than or equal to 30 m). Mean densities at the less than or equal to 30-m interval in the southern basin remained relatively unchanged between 1993 and 1999, but increased from 25/m(2) to 1,100/m(2) at the 31 to 50 m interval over the same time period. D. polymorpha was rare at sites > 50 m. The presence of E. ischnus and the expected population expansion of D. bugensis will likely contribute to further food-web changes in the lake. C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48015 USA. USGS, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48015 USA. Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. US EPA, Great Lakes Natl Program Off, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. RP Nalepa, TF (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48015 USA. OI Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422 NR 33 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 9 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2001 VL 27 IS 3 BP 384 EP 391 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 479RD UT WOS:000171416600013 ER PT J AU Edsall, TA Haas, RC Adams, JV AF Edsall, TA Haas, RC Adams, JV TI Annual production of burrowing mayfly nymphs (Hexagenia spp.) in US Waters of Lake St. Clair SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE mayflies; Hexagenia; annual production; P/B ratio; Lake St. Clair ID ESTIMATING SECONDARY PRODUCTION; DETROIT RIVER SYSTEM; GREAT-LAKES; CONNECTING CHANNELS; HYNES METHOD; EPHEMEROPTERA; LIMBATA; EPHEMERIDAE; SEDIMENTS; ERIE AB Burrowing mayfly nymphs (Hexagenia spp.) were sampled monthly, September through October 1995 and April through August 1996, With a standard Ponar grab (538 cm(2) jaw opening) at 16 stations in U.S. waters of Lake St. Clair. Annual production (production, P) was 0 to 477 mg dry weight/m(2) at three stations where pollution and sediment grain-size distribution limited the population, and was 738 to 5,255 mg dry weight/m(2) at the other 13 stations. The highest production value measured for Hexagenia in Lake St. Clair was about three times higher than the highest value reported for other areas in the northern United States and Canada (39 degrees to 53 degrees North latitude). The production-mean annual biomass (biomass, B) ratio (P/B) for Hexagenia in Lake St. Clair in 1995-96 was described by the straight line P = 2.4 B (R-2 = 0.94). Adding published P/B data for other North American populations changed the relation only slightly to P = 2.5B (R-2 = 0.96). A P/B ratio of 2.5 is consistent with the expected value for an aquatic insect with a 2-year life cycle and overlapping cohorts, and these data suggest this relation has general applicability for estimating production of Hexagenia in the northern United States and Canada. Size-class and seasonal partitioning of Hexagenia biomass and production were evident in the data. Both biomass and production were highest among nymphs 16. 0 mm and larger, and biomass was highest in October and again in June, immediately before the annual emergence of subimagos. The large size of the mature nymphs and the concentration of biomass and production among the larger nymphs in the population is consistent with their importance in the diets of many fishes in the northern United States and Canada. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Michigan Dept Mat Resources, Lake St Clair Fisheries Stn, Mt Clemens, MI 48045 USA. RP Edsall, TA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM Thomas_Edsall@USGS.gov NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2001 VL 27 IS 4 BP 449 EP 456 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 507CY UT WOS:000173010400005 ER PT J AU Murphy, PJ AF Murphy, PJ TI Evaluation of mixed-population flood-frequency analysis SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID GOODNESS-OF-FIT; DISTRIBUTIONS AB A mixed population of flood flows was shown to cause quality-of-fit problems if a single-population flood-frequency distribution was used to describe the flood data. The three populations in this mix were "ordinary," tropical cyclone, and ice-jam-release floods. Parametric descriptions of the single and separated flood populations were evaluated using probability-plot correlation-coefficient tests. These tests quantified how well the flood-probability distributions agreed with plotting-position descriptions of the data and quantified the differences due to the mixed-population analysis. High outliers caused the high skewness found in the single-population analyses. The tropical cyclone component was underestimated by single-population analyses at gauging stations in Massachusetts that had little data. C1 US Geol Survey, Marlborough, MA 01752 USA. RP Murphy, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 28 Lord Rd, Marlborough, MA 01752 USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 6 IS 1 BP 62 EP 70 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2001)6:1(62) PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 479YJ UT WOS:000171431500008 ER PT J AU Murphy, PJ AF Murphy, PJ TI Estimating equation for mixed populations of floods in Massachusetts SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB A single equation for estimating the peak flows of annual floods at ungauged sites in Massachusetts was developed by combining the conditional probabilities of floods caused by tropical cyclones and ice-jam releases with the conditional probability of "ordinary" floods. Regression equations for these three flood populations demonstrated that two basin characteristics, drainage-basin area and basin head, and frequency of flooding determined the corresponding peak-flow rates. C1 US Geol Survey, Marlborough, MA 01752 USA. RP Murphy, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 28 Lord Rd, Marlborough, MA 01752 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 6 IS 1 BP 72 EP 74 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2001)6:1(72) PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 479YJ UT WOS:000171431500009 ER PT J AU Lent, RM Lyons, B AF Lent, RM Lyons, B TI Biogeochemistry of silica in Devils Lake: implications for diatom preservation SO JOURNAL OF PALEOLIMNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biogenic silica; climate; closed-basin lakes; diatoms; paleolimnology; salinity ID NORTH-DAKOTA; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; DISSOLUTION; SEDIMENTS; WATER; RECONSTRUCTION; ABSORPTION; DIFFUSION; FRUSTULES; SALINITY AB Diatom-salinity records from sediment cores have been used to construct climate records of saline-lake basins. In many cases, this has been done without thorough understanding of the preservation potential of the diatoms in the sediments through time. The purpose of this study was to determine the biogeochemistry of silica in Devils Lake and evaluate the potential effects of silica cycling on diatom preservation. During the period of record, 1867-1999, lake levels have fluctuated from 427 m above sea level in 1940 to 441.1 m above sea level in 1999. The biogeochemistry of silica in Devils Lake is dominated by internal cycling. During the early 1990s when lake levels were relatively high, about 94% of the biogenic silica (BSi) produced in Devils Lake was recycled in the water column before burial. About 42% of the BSi that was incorporated in bottom sediments was dissolved and diffused back into the lake, and the remaining 58% was buried. Therefore, the BSi accumulation rate was about 3% of the BSi assimilation rate. Generally, the results obtained from this study are similar to those obtained from studies of the biogeochemistry of silica in large oligotrophic lakes and the open ocean where most of the BSi produced is recycled in surface water. During the mid 1960s when lake levels were relatively low, BSi assimilation and water-column dissolution rates were much higher than when lake levels were high. The BSi assimilation rate was as much as three times higher during low lake levels. Even with the much higher BSi assimilation rate, the BSi accumulation rate was about three times lower because the BSi water-column dissolution rate was more than 99% of the BSi assimilation rate compared to 94% during high lake levels. Variations in the biogeochemistry of silica with lake level have important implications for paleolimnologic studies. Increased BSi water-column dissolution during decreasing lake levels may alter the diatom-salinity record by selectively removing the less resistant diatoms. Also, BSi accumulation may be proportional to the amount of silica input from tributary sources. Therefore, BSi accumulation chronologies from sediment cores may be effective records of tributary inflow. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Lent, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, 26 Ganneston Dr, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2728 J9 J PALEOLIMNOL JI J. Paleolimn. PY 2001 VL 26 IS 1 BP 53 EP 66 DI 10.1023/A:1011143809891 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 434LU UT WOS:000168817600004 ER PT J AU Wolfe, AP Baron, JS Cornett, RJ AF Wolfe, AP Baron, JS Cornett, RJ TI Anthropogenic nitrogen deposition induces rapid ecological changes in alpine lakes of the Colorado Front Range (USA) SO JOURNAL OF PALEOLIMNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE paleolimnology; diatoms; nitrogen isotopes; atmospheric deposition; alpine lakes; Colorado ID ORGANIC-MATTER; FOREST; NITRATE; ACID; CONSEQUENCES; SATURATION; DELTA-C-13; RESPONSES; ECOSYSTEM; DYNAMICS AB Recent sediments from two alpine lakes (> 3300 m asl) in the Colorado Front Range (USA) register marked and near-synchronous changes that are believed to represent ecological responses to enhanced atmospheric deposition of fixed nitrogen from anthropogenic sources. Directional shifts in sediment proxies include greater representations of mesotrophic diatoms and increasingly depleted delta (15)N values. These trends are particularly pronounced since similar to 1950, and appear to chronicle lake responses to excess N derived from agricultural and industrial sources to the east. The rate and magnitude of recent ecological changes far exceed the context of natural variability, as inferred from comparative analyses of a long core capturing the entire 14,000-year postglacial history of one of the lakes. Nitrogen deposition to these seemingly pristine natural areas has resulted in subtle but detectable limnological changes that likely represent the beginning of a stronger response to nitrogen enrichment. C1 Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. MyCore Sci Ltd, Deep River, ON K0J 1P0, Canada. RP Wolfe, AP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Campus Box 450, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM wolfea@stripe.colorado.edu RI Wolfe, Alexander/G-6867-2011; Baron, Jill/C-5270-2016 OI Baron, Jill/0000-0002-5902-6251 NR 34 TC 147 Z9 149 U1 2 U2 40 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2728 J9 J PALEOLIMNOL JI J. Paleolimn. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 25 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1023/A:1008129509322 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 415RB UT WOS:000167735500001 ER PT J AU Kretzer, JE Cully, JF AF Kretzer, JE Cully, JF TI Prairie dog effects on harvester ant species diversity and density SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Cynomys ludovicianus; Pogonomyrmex; diversity; shortgrass prairie; Kansas ID MIXED-GRASS PRAIRIE; PLANT-HERBIVORE INTERACTIONS; VEGETATION; POGONOMYRMEX; COLONIES; CONSEQUENCES; PHRYNOSOMA; ECOSYSTEM; SCALE AB The purpose of this study was to determine if black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus Ord) influence harvester ant nest density and species composition within the shortgrass prairie biome of southwestern Kansas. Two treatments were established: areas colonized by prairie dogs and areas not colonized by prairie dogs. We recorded 183 harvester ant nests of 3 species, Harvester ant nest density did not differ significantly between prairie dog colonies (3.08 nests ha(-1)) and non-colonized shortgrass prairie sites (4.54 nests ha(-1)), but species composition did. Pogonornyumex rugosus Emery was the most frequent species on prairie dog colonies where it accounted for 87 % of ant nests present, as opposed to 33 % on sites where prairie dogs were absent. Pogonomyrmex barbatus Smith was the most abundant species on non-colonized areas, making up 49 % of the ant nests sampled. Pogonomyrmex occidentalis Cresson comprised 11 % of ant nests sampled, and was nearly absent from prairie dog colonies (20 nests on non-colonized sites vs. 1 nest on prairie dog colonies). The average number of harvester ant species found per site was consistently greater on sites where prairie dogs were absent. C1 Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS,BRD, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Kretzer, JE (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS,BRD, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 54 IS 1 BP 11 EP 14 DI 10.2307/4003520 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 392LA UT WOS:000166411500002 ER PT J AU Stoddart, LC Griffiths, RE Knowlton, FF AF Stoddart, LC Griffiths, RE Knowlton, FF TI Coyote responses to changing jackrabbit abundance affect sheep predation SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Canis latrans; Lepus californicus; sheep loss rate; coyote numerical response; buffering ID DENSITY; IDAHO AB Domestic sheep ranchers generally perceive abundances of natural prey and coyotes (Canis latrans) as important factors affecting coyote predation rates on sheep. To determine the effect of a changing natural prey base on coyote predation rates, we estimated coyote density and predation rates on ewes and lambs during part of 1 cycle of black-tailed jackrabbit (Lepus californicus) abundance on a 2,300 km(2) area of the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory in southcentral Idaho from 1979-1985, We used 100, 1.6-km seat collection lines and 80, 1.6-km flushing transects to assess coyote and jackrabbit densities, respectively. Ewe and lamb loss rates were determined from questionnaires sent to all 13 producers grazing sheep on the area. Spring coyote density varied from 0.10 to 1.39 coyotes km(-2) in response to a systematic fluctuation in jackrabbit density from 0 to 243 jackrabbits km(-2). Reported total loss rates of ewes and lambs varied from 2.2 to 42.1 ewes/10(5) ewe-days and 33.0 to 163 lambs/10(5) lamb-days and were linearly and directly related to coyote density (P < 0.005), Ewe and lamb loss rates were independent of jackrabbit density (P > 0.18) except for 1 year when jackrabbits were virtually absent from the study area and the loss of lambs escalated dramatically. Our data suggest the increased losses of lambs resulted from reduced buffering by natural prey. C1 Utah State Univ, USDI, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Denver Wildlife Res Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 34 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 13 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 54 IS 1 BP 15 EP 20 DI 10.2307/4003521 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 392LA UT WOS:000166411500003 ER PT J AU Allen, AW Cade, BS Vandever, MW AF Allen, AW Cade, BS Vandever, MW TI Effects of emergency having on vegetative characteristics within selected conservation reserve program fields in the northern Great Plains SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE alfalfa; Conservation Reserve Program; emergency use; grasslands; haying; intermediate wheatgrass; management wildlife habitat ID NATIVE PRAIRIE; NEST SUCCESS; CRP LAND; GRASS; LEGUME; IOWA; PRODUCTIVITY; PERSISTENCE; COMMUNITIES; REGRESSION AB Successional changes in vegetation composition within seeded grasslands may affect attainment of long term conservation objectives. Comparisons between vegetation composition within Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) fields planted to cool season, introduced grasses hayed for emergency use and non hayed fields of the same age and species composition were completed to determine potential effects of periodic haying. Emergency haying had little long term effect on vegetation height/density, percent cover of live grass, or forb cover when compared to characteristics within non hayed fields. The presence of legumes [primarily alfalfa (Medicago sativa L)] increased in response to haying, whereas, abundance of noxious weed [chiefly Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L) Scop.)] diminished. Implications far long term management CRP grasslands to achieve wildlife habitat objectives are discussed. C1 US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Allen, AW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 EI 1941-3300 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PY 2001 VL 56 IS 2 BP 120 EP 125 PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 437JT UT WOS:000168989100009 ER PT J AU Kretzer, JE Cully, JF AF Kretzer, JE Cully, JF TI A new Kansas record for Bolborhombus sallaei sallaei Bates (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae) SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 Kansas State Univ, USGS, BRD, Div Biol,Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Kretzer, JE (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, USGS, BRD, Div Biol,Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 74 IS 1 BP 56 EP 56 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 487GA UT WOS:000171864200008 ER PT J AU Atkinson, CT Dusek, RJ Lease, JK AF Atkinson, CT Dusek, RJ Lease, JK TI Serological responses and immunity to superinfection with avian malaria in experimentally-infected Hawaii Amakihi SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE concomitant immunity; Drepanidinae; Hawaii Amakihi; Hemignathus virens; immunoblot; honeycreeper; premunition; Plasmodium relictum ID GREAT TITS; PARASITES; PREVALENCE; RESISTANCE AB Six of seven Hawaii Amakhi (Hemignathus virens) with chronic malarial infections had no increases in peripheral parasitemia, declines in food consumption, or loss of body weight when rechallenged with the homologous isolate of Plasmodium relictum 61 to 62 days after initial infection. Five uninfected control amakihi exposed at the same time to infective mosquito bites developed acute infections with high parasitemias. Reductions in food consumption and loss of body weight occurred in all control birds and three of these individuals eventually died. When surviving birds were rechallenged >2 yr later with either the same parasite isolate or an isolate of P. relictum collected on the island of Kauai, all individuals were immune to superinfection. Chronically infected birds developed antibodies to a common suite of malarial antigens ranging in size from 22 to 170 kDa that were detectable as early as 8 days post infection on immunoblots of SDS-polyacrylamide gels. Antibodies to this suite of malarial antigens persisted as long as 1,248 days after initial infection and were consistently detectable at times when parasites were not easily found by microscopy on Giemsa-stained blood smears. The immunoblotting method that is described here appears to be an effective technique for identifying birds with chronic, low-intensity malarial infections when circulating parasites are not easily detectable by microscopy. Hawaiian honeycreepers that are capable of recovering from acute infections develop concomitant immunity to superinfection, making them functionally immune in areas where malaria transmission has become endemic. C1 USGS, Biol Resources Div, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. RP Atkinson, CT (reprint author), USGS, Biol Resources Div, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, POB 218, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. OI Dusek, Robert/0000-0001-6177-7479 NR 15 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 37 IS 1 BP 20 EP 27 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 402WR UT WOS:000167011600003 PM 11272498 ER PT J AU Rhyan, JC Gidlewski, T Roffe, TJ Aune, K Philo, LM Ewalt, DR AF Rhyan, JC Gidlewski, T Roffe, TJ Aune, K Philo, LM Ewalt, DR TI Pathology of brucellosis in bison from Yellowstone National Park SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE bison; Bison bison; cattle; Brucella abortus; brucellosis; abortion; pathology; bacteriology; disease ID ABORTUS BIOVAR-1; SEROLOGY AB Between February 1995 and June 1999, specimens from seven aborted bison (Bison bison) fetuses or stillborn calves and their placentas, two additional placentas, three dead neonates, one e-wk-old calf, and 35 juvenile and adult female bison from Yellowstone National Park (USA) were submitted for bacteriologic and histopathologic examination. One adult animal with a retained placenta had recently aborted. Serum samples from the 35 juvenile and adult bison were tested for Brucella spp, antibodies. Twenty-six bison, including the cow with the retained placenta, were seropositive, one was suspect, and eight were seronegative. Brucella abortus biovar 1 was isolated from three aborted fetuses and associated placentas, an additional placenta, the 2-wk-old calf, and II of the seropositive female bison including the animal that had recently aborted. Brucella abortus biovar 2 was isolated from one additional seropositive adult female bison. Brucella abortus was recovered from numerous tissue sites from the aborted fetuses, placentas and 2-wk-old calf. In the juvenile and adult bison, the organism was more frequently isolated from supramammary (83%), retropharyngeal (67%), and iliac (58%) lymph nodes than from other tissues cultured. Cultures from the seronegative and suspect bison were negative for B. abortus. Lesions in the B. abortus-infected, aborted placentas and fetuses consisted of necropurulent placentitis and mild bronchointerstitial pneumonia. The infected 2-wk-old calf had bronchointerstitial pneumonia, focal splenic infarction, and purulent nephritis. The recently-aborting bison cow had purulent endometritis and necropurulent placentitis. Immunohistochemical staining of tissues from the culture-positive aborted fetuses, placentas, 2-wk-old calf, and recently-aborting cow disclosed large numbers of B. abortus in placental trophoblasts and exudate, and fetal and calf lung. A similar study with the same tissue collection and culture protocol was done using six seropositive cattle from a B. abortus-infected herd in July and August, 1997. Results of the bison and cattle studies were similar. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, US Dept Interior, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Parks, Res & Tech Serv Bur, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Western Reg, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. RP Rhyan, JC (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 Laporte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 24 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 37 IS 1 BP 101 EP 109 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 402WR UT WOS:000167011600013 PM 11272483 ER PT J AU Gregg, MA Bray, M Kilbride, KM Dunbar, MR AF Gregg, MA Bray, M Kilbride, KM Dunbar, MR TI Birth synchrony and survival of pronghorn fawns SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Antilocapra americana; birth synchrony; Canis latrans; coyote; fawn; Great Basin; mortality; neonatal; predation; pronghorn; survival ID PREDATION; ANTELOPE AB Predation is often the primary mortality factor of neonatal pronghorn (Antilocapra americana). Birth synchrony can affect predation rates of young for some ungulates, but has not been examined in prong horn. We investigated causes of mortality and the effect of birth synchrony on survival of neonatal pronghorn (n = 104) at Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge in southcentral Oregon from mid-May to mid-July in 1996 and 1997. Most (84%) of the marked fawns died during the monitoring period. Average age at death was 8.4 days and 83 (95%) of the fawns that died were <18 days old. Predation, primarily coyote (Canis latrans), accounted for 86% (75/87) of the fawn deaths. Birth date affected survival where neonates born during the peak period of fawn drop lived longer than those born during the non-peak period (P 0.002). Of 17 surviving fawns, 14 had birth dates during the peak fawning period compared to 3 born during the non-peak period (P = 0.024). Survival rates for all fauns born during the peak fawning period ((S) over cap (60) = 0.23) were greater (P < 0.001) than fawns born during the non-peak period (<(S)over cap>(60) = 0.07). Our results indicated that birth synchrony in pronghorn may be an important adaptation through which losses of young to predation can be reduced. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, SHeldon Hart Mt Refuges, Biol Invest Unit, Lakeview, OR 97630 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Hart Mt Natl Antelope Refuge, Plush, OR 97637 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Vancouver Field Stn, Vancouver, WA 98665 USA. RP Gregg, MA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, SHeldon Hart Mt Refuges, Biol Invest Unit, POB 111, Lakeview, OR 97630 USA. NR 43 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 65 IS 1 BP 19 EP 24 DI 10.2307/3803271 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 402XL UT WOS:000167013400003 ER PT J AU White, TH Bowman, JL Jacobson, HA Leopold, BD Smith, WP AF White, TH Bowman, JL Jacobson, HA Leopold, BD Smith, WP TI Forest management and female black bear denning SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE batture; black bear; denning; elevation; flooding; forest management; Misissippi Alluvial Valley; reproduction; topography; Ursus americanus ID TENNESSEE; ECOLOGY AB Most habitats available to black bear (Ursus americanus) in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV) consist of seasonally flooded commercial forests where lack of suitable dens may limit population growth. We studied interactions between forest management and flooding relative to female black bear denning. Denning behavior differed between commercial and noncommercial forests. Females used tree dens exclusively on noncommercial forests, whereas on commercial forests, most (83%) were ground dens. Variations in ground den elevation resulted in differing inundation probabilities, altering survival probabilities for neonates. On commercial forests, ground dens with similar inundation probabilities as tree dens allowed successful reproduction to occur. Management practices that enhance suitable cover in areas of minimal inundation probability may mitigate for lack of den trees in hood-prone landscapes. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. US Forest Serv, So Hardwoods Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP White, TH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Puerto Rican Parrot Recovery Program, POB 1600, RO Grande, PR 00745 USA. NR 30 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 65 IS 1 BP 34 EP 40 DI 10.2307/3803274 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 402XL UT WOS:000167013400006 ER PT J AU Thomas, CM Mensik, JG Feldheim, CL AF Thomas, CM Mensik, JG Feldheim, CL TI Effects of tillage on lead shot distribution in wetland sediments SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE lead poisoning; lead shot; Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge; tillage; waterfowl; wetlands ID SENTINEL MALLARDS; INGESTION; CAMARGUE; FRANCE AB At Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge, California, we examined 2 types of deep tillage (disking and plowing) as possible management options for reducing lead pellet densities in wetlands. In addition, we examined the vegetation changes that resulted from tilling. Both disking and plowing moved lead pellets below the zone of availability for dabbling ducks (>10 cm). However, plowing moved a higher percentage of pellets into the 15-20-cm layer of sediment (P = 0.02). Similarly, plowing was more effective (P = 0.04) than disking or controls in redistributing pellets below the deeper zone of availability (>20 cm) for tundra swans (Cygnus columbianus). Maximum height of vegetation increased (P < 0.001) on tilled plots during the first and second year after treatment. Tillage initially reduced percent cover (P = 0.03) and density (P < 0.001) of swamp timothy (Crypsis schoenoides), but resulted in increased swamp timothy cover and stem density by the second year posttreatment. Percent cover by California loosestrife (Lythrum hyssopifolium) showed the opposite trend, with an initial increase (P < 0.001), followed by a decrease to levels similar to control plots in the second year. In certain managed wetlands, disking and plowing can be effective management tools for redistributing residual lead shot deeper into wetland sediments and potentially reducing waterbird mortality due to lead poisoning. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Willows, CA 95988 USA. Calif Dept Fish & Game, Sacramento, CA 95834 USA. RP Thomas, CM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 2800 Cottage Way,Room W2605, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 65 IS 1 BP 40 EP 46 DI 10.2307/3803275 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 402XL UT WOS:000167013400007 ER PT J AU Barten, NL Bowyer, RT Jenkins, KJ AF Barten, NL Bowyer, RT Jenkins, KJ TI Habitat use by female caribou: Tradeoffs associated with parturition SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Alaska; caribou; diet; forage abundance; forage quality; group size; habitat use; parturition; predation risk; Rangifer tarandus; tradeoffs ID SOUTHERN MULE DEER; MOUNTAIN SHEEP; ALASKAN MOOSE; BIGHORN SHEEP; ANTIPREDATOR TACTICS; STATISTICAL TESTS; WOODLAND CARIBOU; SEASONAL-CHANGES; CALVING SUCCESS; DALLS SHEEP AB We compared habitat use, forage characteristics, and group size among preparturient, parturient, and nonparturient female caribou (Rangifer tarandus) during and after the birthing season to test hypotheses involving acquisition of forage and risk of predation. We monitored 39 radiocollared females from the Mentasta caribou herd, Alaska, in 1994 and 40 animals in 1995. Group size of females giving birth at higher elevations was smaller (P < 0.01) than females without young that occurred at lower elevations at peak parturition; that difference did not persist into post parturition (P > 0.5). During peak parturition, females with young used sites with fewer predators (P < 0.05), a lower abundance of forage (P < 0.05), but with variable forage quality compared with those sites used by females without young. We hypothesized that parturient females used birth sites that lowered risk of predation, and traded-off forage abundance for increased safety. Nonetheless, few differences existed between parturient and nonparturient females in composition of diet or in indices of diet quality; we could not demonstrate a nutritional cost to maternal females from our analyses. We suggest that increasing population density might intensify intraspecific competition among females for birth sites, and thereby increase nutritional costs of using high-elevation areas with less forage but fewer predators. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Olymp Field Stn, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. RP Barten, NL (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Douglas Isl Ctr Bldg,802 3rd St,POB 240020, Douglas, AK 99824 USA. EM neil_barten@fishgame.state.ak.uk NR 72 TC 82 Z9 88 U1 8 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 65 IS 1 BP 77 EP 92 DI 10.2307/3803279 PG 16 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 402XL UT WOS:000167013400011 ER PT J AU Guthery, FS King, NM Nolte, KR Kuvlesky, WP DeStefano, S Gall, SA Silvy, NJ AF Guthery, FS King, NM Nolte, KR Kuvlesky, WP DeStefano, S Gall, SA Silvy, NJ TI Multivariate perspectives on patch use by masked bobwhites SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Arizona; Colinus virginianus ridgwayi; habitat; masked bobwhite; Mexico; neural modeling; operative temperature; patch discrimination; Sonora ID NORTHERN BOBWHITES; RANGELAND AB Models that discriminate habitat patches acceptable to wildlife assist biologists in managing habitat, evaluating the effects of management treatments, and selecting areas for development or preservation. We used neural network modeling to discriminate between used and random patches for the endangered masked bobwhite (Colinus virginianus ridgwayi) in Sonora, Mexico, and Arizona during 1994-96. Input variables, thought to encompass the habitat space of bobwhites, were canopy coverage of woody vegetation (%). exposure of bare ground (%), exposure to ground predators (m(2)), exposure to aerial predators (m(3)), and operative temperature (degreesC). A neural model developed with data from Mexico correctly classified 87.4% of patches for training (n = 483) and validation data (n = 118). The model developed for Arizona correctly classified 82.3% of patches for training data (n = 265) and 78.1% for validation data (n = 64). Mathematical transplants of Mexico bobwhites to Arizona habitat and of Arizona bobwhites to Mexico habitat revealed that bobwhites from Mexico (native) were adapted to a broader range of conditions than those in Arizona (reintroduced). For masked bobwhites and probably other species, the contingent nature of habitat features in a multivariate sense may permit the redress of a habitat deficiency without addressing the perceived deficiency per se. C1 Texas A&I Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Buenos Aires Natl Wildlife Refuge, Sasabe, AZ 85633 USA. Univ Arizona, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Guthery, FS (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Forestry, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 65 IS 1 BP 118 EP 124 DI 10.2307/3803283 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 402XL UT WOS:000167013400015 ER PT J AU Dees, CS Clark, JD Van Manen, FT AF Dees, CS Clark, JD Van Manen, FT TI Florida panther habitat use in response to prescribed fire SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Florida panther; habitat management; Odocoileus virginianus; prescribed fire; Puma concolor coryi; temporal use AB The Florida panther (Puma concolor coryi) is one of the most endangered mammals in the world, with only 30-50 adults surviving in and around Florida Panther National Wildlife Refuge and the adjacent Big Cypress National Preserve, hlanagers at these areas conduct annual prescribed burns in pine (Pinus sp.) as a cost-effective method of managing wildlife habitat. Our objectives were to determine if temporal and spatial relationships existed between prescribed fire and panther use of pine. To accomplish this, we paired fire-event data from the Refuge and the Preserve with panther radiolocations collected between 1989 and 1998, determined the time that had elapsed since burning had occurred in management units associated with the radiolocations, and generated a frequency distribution based on those times. We then generated an expected frequency distribution, based on random use relative to time since burning. This analysis revealed that panther use of burned pine habitats was greatest during the first year after a management unit was burned. Also, compositional analysis indicated that panthers were more likely to position their home ranges in areas that contained pine. We conclude that prescribed burning is important to panther ecology. We suggest that panthers were attracted to <1-year-old burns because of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and other prey responses to vegetation and structural changes caused by the prescribed fires. The strong selection for stands burned within 1 year is a persuasive indication that it is the bunting in pine, rather than the pine per se, that most influenced habitat use. Before burning rotation lengths are reduced, however, we suggest managers determine effects of shorter burning intervals on vegetation composition and evaluate the landscape-scale changes that would result. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, So Appalachian Field Lab, Biol Resources Div, US Geol Survey, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Clark, JD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 32 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 21 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 65 IS 1 BP 141 EP 147 DI 10.2307/3803287 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 402XL UT WOS:000167013400019 ER PT J AU Castleberry, SB Ford, WM Wood, PB Castleberry, NL Mengak, MT AF Castleberry, SB Ford, WM Wood, PB Castleberry, NL Mengak, MT TI Movements of Allegheny woodrats in relation to timber harvesting SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Allegheny woodrat; clearcutting; diameter-limit; foraging movements; forest management; habitat selection; hard mast; home range; Neotoma magister; radiotelemetry; West Virginia ID HOME-RANGE; SMALL MAMMALS; MICROHABITAT USE; TAMIAS-STRIATUS; NORTHERN MAINE; AVAILABILITY; ABUNDANCE; RESPONSES; DEER; PEROMYSCUS AB The Allegheny woodrat (Neotoma magister) occurs in the Appalachian Mountains, forming colonies in rock outcrops, cliffs, and caves. Populations on the northern and western peripheries of the range have experienced drastic declines in the past 20-30 years. Dependence upon rock outcrops makes Allegheny wood-rats vulnerable to land-use practices that alter habitats surrounding colonies. To examine the impacts of timber harvesting on Allegheny woodrat behavior, we radiotracked 37 adults during summer 1998 and 1999 in clearcut, diameter-limit, and intact forest stands in the central Appalachians of West Virginia. Home range size and foraging movements generally were greatest at diameter-limit sites and smallest in intact forests in 1998, following a poor mast crop. We detected no differences among han est methods in 1999 when mast was abundant. We believe that when hard mast was scarce, woodrats increased foraging movements and home range size to locate mast or sufficient alternative foods. Additionally, woodrats used clearcut and adjacent forested areas in proportion to availability. Our results suggested tl;at clearcutting has minimal impact on woodrat movements, home range, and habitat use if sufficient intact forest is retained adjacent to colonies. Harvesting methods that selectively remove important mast-producing species may represent the greatest disturbance to Allegheny woodrats from forest management. C1 W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV USA. Ferrum Coll, Environm Sci Program, Ferrum, VA 24088 USA. RP Castleberry, SB (reprint author), Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 70 TC 32 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 65 IS 1 BP 148 EP 156 DI 10.2307/3803288 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 402XL UT WOS:000167013400020 ER PT J AU Russell, WH Jones, C AF Russell, WH Jones, C TI The effects of timber harvesting on the structure and composition of adjacent old-growth coast redwood forest, California, USA SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE edge effects; geographical information system; preserve; redwood; Sequoia sempervirens ID NATURE-RESERVES; EDGE; CONSERVATION; VEGETATION; DESIGN; MODEL AB Data collected across timber harvest boundaries on nine sites within the Redwood National and State Park management area in California, USA, were used to estimate the effective size of old-growth coast redwood preserves. Fourteen variables related to stand structure and composition, wildlife habitat, and physical environment were significantly correlated to distance from the timber harvest boundary using multiple regression analysis. A maximum depth of edge influence of 200 m was determined for variables exhibiting a significant correlation to the distance from the harvest edge. A spatial analysis using ArcView indicated that 53% of the old growth preserved within the study area was influenced by edge conditions, leaving 47% as effective old-growth. C1 USGS, WERC, Golden Gate Field Stn, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. Redwood Natl Pk, Orick, CA 95555 USA. RP Russell, WH (reprint author), USGS, WERC, Golden Gate Field Stn, Ft Cronkhite,Bldg 1063, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 31 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PY 2001 VL 16 IS 8 BP 731 EP 741 PG 11 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 550EP UT WOS:000175490900005 ER PT B AU Fritts, SH Mack, CM Smith, DW Murphy, KM Phillips, MK Jimenez, MD Bangs, EE Fontaine, JA Niemeyer, CC Brewster, WG Kaminski, TJ AF Fritts, SH Mack, CM Smith, DW Murphy, KM Phillips, MK Jimenez, MD Bangs, EE Fontaine, JA Niemeyer, CC Brewster, WG Kaminski, TJ BE Maehr, DS Noss, RF Larkin, JL TI Outcomes of hard and soft releases of reintroduced wolves in central Idaho and the greater Yellowstone area SO LARGE MAMMAL RESTORATION: ECOLOGICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL CHALLENGES IN THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Wildlife-Society (TWS) CY SEP 06-11, 1999 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Wildlife Soc ID GRAY WOLF; NATIONAL-PARK; MOVEMENTS; TRANSLOCATION; MINNESOTA C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Fritts, SH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, POB 25486, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 14 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 1-55963-816-8 PY 2001 BP 125 EP 147 PG 23 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BW20E UT WOS:000181171900008 ER PT B AU Brown, WM Parsons, DR AF Brown, WM Parsons, DR BE Maehr, DS Noss, RF Larkin, JL TI Restoring the Mexican gray wolf to the mountains of the southwest SO LARGE MAMMAL RESTORATION: ECOLOGICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL CHALLENGES IN THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Wildlife-Society (TWS) CY SEP 06-11, 1999 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Wildlife Soc ID DISPERSAL; POPULATION; MINNESOTA; WOLVES AB Mexican wolf (Canis lupus baileyi) recovery is one of three gray wolf restoration efforts in the United States conducted by the US. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). The Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973 (16 USC 1531-1544) saved the Mexican wolf from almost certain extinction. All known Mexican wolves descend from seven founders that were captured from the wild and bred in captivity (Parsons 1996). Two challenges faced by Mexican wolf recovery include the use of naive, captive-reared wolves for release stock and sociopolitical opposition to restoring predators. Following years of planning and public involvement, reintroduction of Mexican wolves began in March 1998 (Parsons 1998). In this chapter we describe the history and ecology of the Mexican wolf and its narrow escape from extinction. Details and early results of ongoing efforts to restore this extirpated predator to the American Southwest are presented. We hope this information will be of interest and value to others pursuing carnivore restoration efforts. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Albuquerque, NM 87103 USA. RP Brown, WM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, POB 1306, Albuquerque, NM 87103 USA. NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 26 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 1-55963-817-6; 1-55963-816-8 PY 2001 BP 169 EP 186 PG 18 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BW20E UT WOS:000181171900011 ER PT B AU Roy, J Servheen, C Kasworm, W Waller, J AF Roy, J Servheen, C Kasworm, W Waller, J BE Maehr, DS Noss, RF Larkin, JL TI Restoration of grizzly bears to the Bitterroot wilderness: The EIS approach SO LARGE MAMMAL RESTORATION: ECOLOGICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL CHALLENGES IN THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Wildlife-Society (TWS) CY SEP 06-11, 1999 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Wildlife Soc C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Boise, ID 83709 USA. RP Roy, J (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1387 S Vinnell Way, Boise, ID 83709 USA. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 1-55963-816-8 PY 2001 BP 205 EP 224 PG 20 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BW20E UT WOS:000181171900013 ER PT B AU Schwartz, CC AF Schwartz, CC BE Maehr, DS Noss, RF Larkin, JL TI Case 3. The paradigm of grizzly bear restoration in North America SO LARGE MAMMAL RESTORATION: ECOLOGICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL CHALLENGES IN THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Wildlife-Society (TWS) CY SEP 06-11, 1999 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Wildlife Soc ID POPULATION-SIZE C1 US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Ctr, Interagcy Grizzly Bear Study Team, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Schwartz, CC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Ctr, Interagcy Grizzly Bear Study Team, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 1-55963-816-8 PY 2001 BP 225 EP 229 PG 5 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BW20E UT WOS:000181171900014 ER PT J AU Kandl, KL Liu, HP Butler, RS Hoeh, WR Mulvey, M AF Kandl, KL Liu, HP Butler, RS Hoeh, WR Mulvey, M TI A genetic approach to resolving taxonomic ambiguity among Pleurobema (Bivalvia : Unionidae) of the eastern Gulf coast SO MALACOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Pleurobema; Unionidae; RFLP analysis; allozymes; DNA sequencing; conservation; endangered species ID EVOLUTIONARILY-SIGNIFICANT-UNITS; MOLECULAR-GENETICS; CONSERVATION; POPULATIONS; MOLLUSCA; SYSTEMATICS; SPECIATION; DIVERGENCE; MUSSELS; GENUS AB Freshwater mussels in the genus Pleurobema (Bivalvia: Uniondae) from the eastern Gulf drainages of Florida, Georgia, and Alabama are variable conchologically, and several taxonomic names have been applied to shell phenotypes. Clarification of the species status of these mussels is important because they are recognized as imperiled throughout their range, mainly due to habitat destruction. Allozyme electrophoresis and restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) of the nuclear ribosomal array showed little genetic differentiation among samples representing the phenotypes designated P. pyriforme and P. bulbosum, Partial DNA sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 distinguished P reclusum from P. pyriforme and P. bulbosum. Genetic differentiation was observed between other Pleurobema species, specifically R strodeanum, P. clava, and P. sintoxia. Genetic evidence indicates that the eastern Gulf Coast Pleurobema (P. pyriforme and P. bulbosum) are a single species, P. pyriforme, with variable shell characteristics. Pleurobema reclusum is different genetically and may represent a distinct valid species, Pleurobema pyriforme is a federally endangered species. Although we hesitate to call P. reclusum a distinct species because we were able to sequence DNA from only one individual, it is distinct genetically from P. pyriforme of the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint rivers basin and should merit conservation status. C1 Univ New Orleans, Dept Biol Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. SW Missouri State Univ, Dept Biol, Springfield, MO 65804 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Asheville Field Off, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. Kent State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Coll William & Mary, Dept Environm Sci, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23602 USA. RP Kandl, KL (reprint author), Univ New Orleans, Dept Biol Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU INST MALACOL PI ANN ARBOR PA 2415 SOUTH CIRCLE DR, ANN ARBOR, MI 48103 USA SN 0076-2997 J9 MALACOLOGIA JI Malacologia PY 2001 VL 43 IS 1-2 BP 87 EP 101 PG 15 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 463VG UT WOS:000170497500006 ER PT J AU Lee, JS Lee, BG Yoo, H Koh, CH Luoma, SN AF Lee, JS Lee, BG Yoo, H Koh, CH Luoma, SN TI Influence of reactive sulfide (AVS) and supplementary food on Ag, Cd and Zn bioaccumulation in the marine polychaete Neanthes arenaceodentata SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE bioaccumulation; metals; AVS; dietary uptake ID ACID-VOLATILE SULFIDE; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; SEDIMENT QUALITY CRITERIA; CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS; METAL CONCENTRATIONS; BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; CHRONIC TOXICITY; MYTILUS-EDULIS; HEAVY-METALS AB A laboratory bioassay determined the relative contribution of various pathways of Ag, Cd and Zn bioaccumulation in the marine polychaete Neanthes arenaceodentata exposed to moderately contaminated sediments. Juvenile worms were exposed for 25 d to experimental sediments containing 5 different reactive sulfide (acid volatile sulfides, AVS) concentrations (1 to 30 mu mol g(-1)), but with constant Ag, Cd, and Zn concentrations of 0.1, 0.1 and 7 mu mol g(-1), respectively. The sediments were supplemented with contaminated food (TetraMin (R)) containing 3 levels of Ag-Cd-Zn (uncontaminated, 1 x or 5 x metal concentrations in the contaminated sediment). The results suggest that bioaccumulation of Ag, Cd and Zn in the worms occurred predominantly from ingestion of contaminated sediments and contaminated supplementary food. AVS or dissolved metals (in porewater and overlying water) had a minor effect on bioaccumulation of the 3 metals in most of the treatments. The contribution to uptake from the dissolved source was most important in the most oxic sediments, with maximum contributions of 8% for Ag, 30% for Cd and 20% for Zn bioaccumulation. Sediment bioassays where uncontaminated supplemental food is added could seriously underestimate metal exposures in an equilibrated system; N. arenaceodentata feeding on uncontaminated food would be exposed to 40-60% less metal than if the food source was equilibrated (as occurs in nature). Overall, the results show that pathways of metal exposure are dynamically linked in contaminated sediments and shift as external geochemical characteristics and internal biological attributes vary. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Ocean Sci Program, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Oceanog, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. RP Lee, BG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Mail Stop 465,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM bglee@usgs.gov NR 47 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2001 VL 216 BP 129 EP 140 DI 10.3354/meps216129 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 462AF UT WOS:000170395500011 ER PT J AU DeFelice, RC Parrish, JD AF DeFelice, RC Parrish, JD TI Physical processes dominate in shaping invertebrate assemblages in reef-associated sediments of an exposed Hawaiian coast SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE wave exposure; sand ripple wavelength; sediment grain size; environmental gradients; numerical abundance; diversity; carbonate sediments ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; MOLLUSK POPULATIONS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SPATIAL PATTERN; LIZARD-ISLAND; LAGOON; DISTURBANCE; ZOOPLANKTON; ABUNDANCE; ENEWETAK AB The invertebrate assemblages in sediments bordering exposed fringing reefs at Hanalei Bay, Kauai, Hawaii, were examined during July to September 1994. Densities of invertebrate animals larger than 0.5 mm in sediments of the bay ranged from counts of 10 260 m(-2) in the fine carbonate sands of the central bay to 870 m(-2) in the habitat dominated by terrigenous silt near the reef edge close to the Hanalei river mouth. Similar sediment types supported broadly similar infaunal communities. Within the primarily carbonate sediments, mean grain size and wave exposure appear to have an important influence on the community. Taxonomic richness, number of individuals, and diversity showed significant negative relationships with exposure to wave energy las estimated by sand ripple wavelength). The number of individuals was also significantly correlated with mean grain size. Overall, polychaetes and small crustaceans were numerically dominant among the major taxonomic groups investigated. Macrophagous and microphagous polychaetes had significant, but opposite, associations with grain size. In addition, microphagous polychaetes were significantly negatively correlated with wave exposure. No habitat variable measured could explain the variation in percent composition of crustaceans or echinoderms in the sedimentary habitats. The percentage of gastropods in the community was significantly negatively correlated with grain size, grain-size standard deviation and exposure, and positively with percent organic carbon. Bivalves were significantly positively associated with depth and grain size. These strong relationships imply that, in Hanalei Bay, physical processes are especially important in influencing assemblage structure, and that community structure and composition vary continuously along environmental gradients. C1 US Geol Survey, Hawaii Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Parrish, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Hawaii Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, 2538 The Mall, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM parrishj@hawaii.edu NR 41 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2001 VL 215 BP 121 EP 131 DI 10.3354/meps215121 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 450JX UT WOS:000169739900011 ER PT J AU Cloern, JE AF Cloern, JE TI Our evolving conceptual model of the coastal eutrophication problem SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Review DE coastal eutrophication; nutrient enrichment; estuaries; nitrogen; phosphorus; coastal ecosystems ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; GOVERNING PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOMS; SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION; EELGRASS ZOSTERA-MARINA; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; NORTHERN BALTIC SEA; LONG-TERM CHANGES; CHESAPEAKE BAY; LAND-USE; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS AB A primary focus of coastal science during the past 3 decades has been the question: How does anthropogenic nutrient enrichment cause change in the structure or function of nearshore coastal ecosystems? This theme of environmental science is recent, so our conceptual model of the coastal eutrophication problem continues to change rapidly. In this review, I suggest that the early (Phase I) conceptual model was strongly influenced by Limnologists, who began intense study of lake eutrophication by the 1960s. The Phase I model emphasized changing nutrient input as a signal. and responses to that signal as increased phytoplankton biomass and primary production, decomposition of phytoplankton-derived organic matter, and enhanced depletion of oxygen from bottom waters. Coastal research in recent decades has identified key differences in the responses of lakes and coastal-estuarine ecosystems to nutrient enrichment, The contemporary (Phase II) conceptual model reflects those differences and includes explicit recognition of (1) system-specific attributes that act as a filter to modulate the responses to enrichment (leading to large differences among estuarine-coastal systems in their sensitivity to nutrient enrichment); and (2) a complex suite of direct and indirect responses including linked changes in: water transparency, distribution of vascular plants and biomass of macroalgae, sediment biogeochemistry and nutrient cycling, nutrient ratios and their regulation of phytoplankton community composition, frequency of toxic/harmful algal blooms, habitat quality for metazoans, reproduction/growth/survival of pelagic and benthic invertebrates, and subtle changes such as shifts in the seasonality of ecosystem functions. Each aspect of the Phase II model is illustrated here with examples from coastal ecosystems around the world. In the last section of this review I present one vision of the next (Phase III) stage in the evolution of our conceptual model, organized around 5 questions that will guide coastal science in the early 21st century: (1) How do system-specific attributes constrain or amplify the responses of coastal ecosystems to nutrient enrichment? (2) How does nutrient enrichment interact with other stressors (toxic contaminants, fishing harvest, aquaculture, nonindigenous species, habitat loss, climate change, hydrologic manipulations) to change coastal ecosystems? (3) How are responses to multiple stressors linked? (4) How does human-induced change in the coastal zone impact the Earth system as habitat for humanity and other species? (5) How can a deeper scientific understanding of the coastal eutrophication problem be applied to develop tools for building strategies at ecosystem restoration or rehabilitation? C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Cloern, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS496, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jecloern@usgs.gov RI Cloern, James/C-1499-2011; Ross, Donald/F-7607-2012; OI Ross, Donald/0000-0002-8659-3833; Cloern, James/0000-0002-5880-6862 NR 185 TC 1337 Z9 1400 U1 113 U2 887 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2001 VL 210 BP 223 EP 253 DI 10.3354/meps210223 PG 31 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 405TE UT WOS:000167175000019 ER PT J AU Lee, MW Dillon, WP AF Lee, MW Dillon, WP TI Amplitude blanking related to the pore-filling of gas hydrate in sediments SO MARINE GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCHES LA English DT Article ID HORIZONS AB Seismic indicators of gas-hydrate-bearing sediments include elevated interval velocities and amplitude reduction of seismic reflections owing to the presence of gas hydrate in the sediment's pore spaces. However, large amplitude blanking with relatively low interval velocities observed at the Blake Ridge has been enigmatic because realistic seismic models were absent to explain the observation. This study proposes models in which the gas hydrate concentrations vary in proportion to the porosity. Where gas hydrate concentrations are greater in more porous media, a significant amplitude blanking can be achieved with relatively low interval velocity. Depending on the amount of gas hydrate concentration in the pore space, reflection amplitudes from hydrate-bearing sediments can be much less, less or greater than those from corresponding non-hydrate-bearing sediments. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Lee, MW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046,MS 939, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 14 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3235 J9 MAR GEOPHYS RES JI Mar. Geophys. Res. PY 2001 VL 22 IS 2 BP 101 EP 109 DI 10.1023/A:1010371308699 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography GA 443GF UT WOS:000169332100003 ER PT J AU Seagars, DJ Garlich-Miller, J AF Seagars, DJ Garlich-Miller, J TI Organochlorine compounds and aliphatic hydrocarbons in Pacific walrus blubber SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Pacific walrus; Bering Sea; PCB; organochlorines; aliphatic hydrocarbons; chlordanes ID ODOBENUS-ROSMARUS-ROSMARUS; SEALS PHOCA-VITULINA; HARBOR SEALS; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; PERSISTENT ORGANOCHLORINES; CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS; DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; SPECIMEN BANKING; MARINE ORGANISMS; UNITED-STATES AB Blubber samples were collected from 8 male and 19 female Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) taken during a 1991 joint USA/USSR cruise traveling widely through the Bering Sea. Dieldrin was found at a level similar to that reported 10 years earlier; oxychlordane was found at a slightly higher concentration than reported previously (Taylor et al, 1989). Heptachlor epoxide was detected for the first time and found at a low concentration. An initial testing for alpha-, beta- and gamma -HCH detected concentrations similar to those in other Bering Sea pinnipeds. Mean Sigma PCB was 0.45 mug g(-1) wet weight in males and 0.16 mug g(-1) in females; only one sample was > 1 mug g(-1). Traces of aliphatic hydrocarbons were detected in all sampled animals, only pristane ((x) over bar =0.48 mug g(-1)) was found in concentrations > 1 mug g(-1). Small sample sizes, a lack of samples from immature animals, and uniformly low concentrations of contaminants precluded meaningful analysis of age-related effects and regional differences. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP USFWS, Ecol Serv, 605 W 4th Ave, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. EM dana_seagars@fws.gov NR 71 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JAN-JUN PY 2001 VL 43 IS 1-6 BP 122 EP 131 DI 10.1016/S0025-326X(00)00233-2 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 478JL UT WOS:000171343200011 PM 11601530 ER PT J AU De Vivo, B Rolandi, G Gans, PB Calvert, A Bohrson, WA Spera, FJ Belkin, HE AF De Vivo, B Rolandi, G Gans, PB Calvert, A Bohrson, WA Spera, FJ Belkin, HE TI New constraints on the pyroclastic eruptive history of the Campanian volcanic Plain (Italy) SO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEAPOLITAN YELLOW TUFF; CAMPI-FLEGREI CALDERA; STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; PHLEGRAEAN FIELDS; IGNIMBRITE; DYNAMICS; EMPLACEMENT; MECHANISMS; COLLAPSE; FACIES AB The similar to 150 km(3) (DRE) trachytic Campanian Ignimbrite, which is situated north-west of Naples, Italy, is one of the largest eruptions in the Mediterranean region in the last 200 ky. Despite centuries of investigation, the age and eruptive history of the Campanian Ignimbrite is still debated, as is the chronology of other significant volcanic events of the Campanian Plain within the last 200-300ky. New Ar-40/Ar-39 geochronology defines the age of the Campanian Ignimbrite at 39.28 +/-0.11 ka, about 2 ky older than the previous best estimate. Based on the distribution of the Campanian Ignimbrite and associated uppermost proximal lithic and polyclastic breccias, we suggest that the Campanian Ignimbrite magma was emitted from fissures activated along neotectonic Apennine faults rather than from ring fractures defining a Campi Flegrei caldera. Significantly, new volcanological, geochronological, and geochemical data distinguish previously unrecognized ignimbrite deposits in the Campanian Plain, accurately dated between 157 and 205ka. These ages, coupled with a xenocrystic sanidine component > 315 ka, extend the volcanic history of this region by over 200 ky. Recent work also identifies a pyroclastic deposit, dated at 18.0 ka, outside of the topographic Campi Flegrei basin, expanding the spatial distribution of post-Campanian Ignimbrite deposits. These new discoveries emphasize the importance of continued investigation of the ages, distribution, volumes, and eruption dynamics of volcanic events associated with the Campanian Plain. Such information is critical for accurate assessment of the volcanic hazards associated with potentially large-volume explosive eruptions in close proximity to the densely populated Neapolitan region. C1 Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Geofis & Vulcanol, I-80134 Naples, Italy. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geol Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Crustal Studies, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Cent Washington Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP De Vivo, B (reprint author), Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Geofis & Vulcanol, Via Mezzocannone 8, I-80134 Naples, Italy. OI Belkin, Harvey/0000-0001-7879-6529 NR 34 TC 379 Z9 380 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0930-0708 J9 MINER PETROL JI Mineral. Petrol. PY 2001 VL 73 IS 1-3 BP 47 EP 65 DI 10.1007/s007100170010 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 495UB UT WOS:000172357800005 ER PT J AU Somma, R Ayuso, RA De Vivo, B Rolandi, G AF Somma, R Ayuso, RA De Vivo, B Rolandi, G TI Major, trace element and isotope geochemistry (Sr-Nd-Pb) of interplinian magmas from Mt. Somma-Vesuvius (Southern Italy) SO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Article ID VOLCANIC-ROCKS; MANTLE METASOMATISM; STRONTIUM ISOTOPE; PLINIAN ERUPTION; ALKALINE ROCKS; RECENT LAVAS; Y BP; OXYGEN; EVOLUTION; CALABRIA AB Major, trace element and isotopic (Sr, Nd, Pb) data are reported for representative samples of interplinian (Protohistoric, Ancient Historic and Medieval Formations) activity of Mt. Somma-Vesuvius volcano during the last 3500 years. Tephra and lavas exhibit significant major, trace element and isotopic variations. Integration of these data with those obtained by previous studies on the older Somma suites and on the latest activity, allows to better trace a complete petrological and geochemical evolution of the Mt. Somma-Vesuvius magmatism. Three main groups of rocks are recognized. A first group is older than 12,000 yrs, and includes effusive-explosive activity of Mt. Somma. The second group (8000-2700yrs B.P.) includes the products emitted by the Ottaviano (8000yrs. B.P.) and Avellino (3550yrs B.P.) plinian eruptions and the interplinian activity associated with the Protohistoric Formation. Ancient Historic Formation (79-472 A.D.), Medieval Formation (472-1139 A.D.) and Recent interplinian activity (1631-1944 A.D.) belong to the third group of activity (79-1944 A.D.). The three groups of rocks display distinct positive trends of alkalis vs. silica, which become increasingly steeper with age. In the first group there is an increase in silica and alkalis with time. whereas an opposite tendency is observed in the two younger groups. Systematic variations are also evident among the incompatible (Pb, Zr, Hf, Ta, Th, U, Nb, Rb, Cs, Ba) and compatible elements (Sr, Co, Cr). REE document variable degrees of fractionation, with recent activity displaying higher La/Yb ratios than Medieval and Ancient Historic products with the same degree of evolution. N-MORB normalized multi-element diagrams for interplinian rocks show enrichment in Rb, Th, Nb, Zr and Sm (>*10 N-MORB). Sr isotope ratios are variable, with Protohistoric rocks displaying Sr-87/Sr-86=0.70711-0.70810, Ancient Historic Sr-97/Sr-116=0.70665-0.70729, and Medieval Sr-117/Sr-86=0.70685-0.70803. Neodymium isotopic compositions in the interplinian rocks show a tendency to become slightly more radiogenic with age, from the Protohistoric (Nd-143/Nd-144=0.51240-0.51247) to Ancient Historic (Nd-143/Nd-144=0.51245-0.51251). Medieval interplinian activity (Nd-143/Nd-144:0.51250-0.51241)lacks meaningful internal trends. All the interplinian rocks have virtually homogeneous compositions of Pb-207/Pb-204 and Pb-208/Pb-204 in acid-leached residues (Pb-207/Pb-204 similar to 15.633 to 15.687, (208)pb/Pb-204 similar to 38.947 to 39.181). Values of Pb-206/Pb-204 are very distinctive, however, and discriminate among the three interplinian cycles of activity (Protohistoric: 18.929-18.971, Ancient Historic: 19.018-19.088, Medieval: 18.964-19.053). Compositional trends of major, trace element and isotopic compositions clearly demonstrate strong temporal variations of the magma types feeding the Somma-Vesuvius activity. These different trends are unlikely to be related only to low pressure evolutionary processes, and reveal variations of parental melt composition. Geochemical data suggest a three component mixing scheme for the interplinian activity. These involve HIMU-type and DMM-type mantle and Calabrian-type lower crust. Interaction between these components has taken place in the source; however, additional quantitative constraints must be acquired in order to better discriminate between magma characteristics inherited from the sources and those acquired during shallow level evolution. C1 Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Geofis & Vulcanol, I-80134 Naples, Italy. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Somma, R (reprint author), Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Geofis & Vulcanol, Via Mezzocannone 8, I-80134 Naples, Italy. RI Somma, Renato/G-5976-2014 OI Somma, Renato/0000-0002-2227-6054 NR 57 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0930-0708 J9 MINER PETROL JI Mineral. Petrol. PY 2001 VL 73 IS 1-3 BP 121 EP 143 DI 10.1007/s007100170014 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 495UB UT WOS:000172357800009 ER PT J AU Gilg, HA Lima, A Somma, R Belkin, HE De Vivo, B Ayuso, RA AF Gilg, HA Lima, A Somma, R Belkin, HE De Vivo, B Ayuso, RA TI Isotope geochemistry and fluid inclusion study of skarns from Vesuvius SO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MT-SOMMA-VESUVIUS; MELT INCLUSIONS; PLINIAN ERUPTION; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; OXYGEN ISOTOPE; MAGMA CHAMBER; RECENT LAVAS; SHALLOW; SR; FRACTIONATION AB We present new mineral chemistry, fluid inclusion, stable carbon and oxygen, as well as Pb, Sr, and Nd isotope data of Ca-Mg-silicate-rich ejecta (skarns) and associated cognate and xenolithic nodules from the Mt. Somma-Vesuvius volcanic complex, Italy. The typically zoned skarn ejecta consist mainly of diopsidic and hedenbergitic, sometimes "fassaitic" clinopyroxene, Mg-rich and Ti-poor phlogopite, F-bearing vesuvianite, wollastonite, gehlenite, meionite, forsterite, clinohumite, anorthite and Mg-poor calcite with accessory apatite, spinell, magnetite, perovskite, baddeleyite. and various REE-, U-, Th-, Zr- and Ti-rich minerals. Four major types of fluid inclusions were observed in wollastonite, vesuvianite, gehlenite, clinopyroxene and calcite: a) primary silicate melt inclusions (T-HOM = 1000-1050 degreesC), b) CO2+/-H2S-rich fluid inclusions (T-HOM = 20-31.3 degreesC into the vapor phase), c) multiphase aqueous brine inclusions (T-HOM = 720-820 degreesC) with mainly sylvite and halite daughter minerals, and d) complex chloride-carbonate-sulfate-fluoride-silicate-bearing salie-melt inclusions (T-HOM = 870-890 degreesC). The last inclusion type shows evidence for immiscibility between several fluids (silicate melt-aqueous chloride-rich liquid-carbonate/sulfate melt?) during heating and cooling below 870 degreesC. There is no evidence for fluid circulation below 700 degreesC and participation of externally derived meteoric fluids in skarn formation. Skarns have considerably variable Pb-206/Pb-204 (19.047-19.202) Pb-207/Pb-204 (15.655-15.670), and Pb-208/Pb-204 (38.915-39.069) and relatively low Nd-143/Nd-144 (0.51211-0.51244) ratios. The carbon and oxygen isotope compositions of skarn calcites (delta (13) CV-PDB = -5.4 to -1.1 parts per thousand; delta (18) OV-SMOW = 11.7 to 16.4 parts per thousand) indicate formation from a O-18- and C-13-enriched fluid. The isotope composition of skarns and the presence of silicate melt inclusion-bearing wollastonite nodules suggests assimilation of carbonate wall rocks by the alkaline magma at moderate depths (<5 km) and consequent exsolution Of CO2-rich vapor and complex saline melts from the contaminated magma that reacted with the carbonate rocks to form skarns. C1 Tech Univ Munich, Lehrstuhl Angew Mineral & Geochem, D-8000 Munich, Germany. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Geofis & Vulcanol, Naples, Italy. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Gilg, HA (reprint author), Tech Univ Munich, Lehrstuhl Angew Mineral & Geochem, D-8000 Munich, Germany. RI Somma, Renato/G-5976-2014; OI Somma, Renato/0000-0002-2227-6054; Belkin, Harvey/0000-0001-7879-6529 NR 68 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0930-0708 J9 MINER PETROL JI Mineral. Petrol. PY 2001 VL 73 IS 1-3 BP 145 EP 176 DI 10.1007/s007100170015 PG 32 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 495UB UT WOS:000172357800010 ER PT J AU Paone, A Ayuso, RA De Vivo, B AF Paone, A Ayuso, RA De Vivo, B TI A metallogenic survey of alkalic rocks of Mt. Somma-Vesuvius volcano SO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Review ID SILICATE-MELT INCLUSIONS; LEUCITE-BEARING ROCKS; FLUID INCLUSION; ORE-DEPOSITS; UPPER MANTLE; NORTHERN APENNINES; VULSINIAN DISTRICT; MAGMA EVOLUTION; ROMAN REGION; Y BP AB Somma-Vesuvius is an alkaline volcano whose products (pumice, scoria and lava) have alkaline (Na2O + K2O) contents between 6 and 16 wt%, Mg number <50, SiO2 59-47 wt% and MgO 0-7.8 wt% (more than 50% of the samples have a content <2 wt%). Immobile-element ratios (Th/Yb, Ta/Yb, Ce/Yb) indicate a shoshonitic character, while the K2O content (4-10 wt%) is characteristic of ultrapotassic rocks. The behavior of selected metals is discussed by grouping them on the basis of the stratigraphic sequence and differentiating the volcanic activity between plinian and interplinian (Rolandi et al., 1998; Ayuso et al., 1998). This allows observation of the variation within each formation from 25.000y. BP to the last historic eruptive cycle (1631-1944 AD). The main processes to explain the wide distribution of the data presented are fractional crystallization of a mantle-derived magma, magma mixing, and contamination with heterogeneous lower and/or upper crust. Variation diagrams distinguish different behavior for groups of metals: Ag (0.01-0.2 ppm), Mo (1-8.8 ppm), W (1.3-13 ppm), Pb (16-250 ppm). Sb (0.2-2.6 ppm), Sc (0.2-61 ppm), Li (15-140 ppm) and Be (1-31 ppm) increase with increasing differentiation and tend to correlate with the incompatible trace elements (Th, Hf, etc). Cu (10-380 ppm), Au (2-143 ppb), Co (0.7-35.1 ppm) and Fe (1.3-6.2wt%) decrease towards advanced stage of differentiation. Iron also identifies three magmatic groups. The ratio Fe3+/Fe2+ ranges between 0.2 and 1.8, and Fe2O3/(Fe2O3+FeO) ranges between 0.2 and 0.8, giving rise to an oxidized environment; exceptions are in the samples belonging to the interplinian formations: I, II, medieval and 1631-1994 AD. Fluorine ranges between 0.1 and 0.4 wt% for the complete Mt. Somma-Vesuvius activity, except for the Ottaviano and Avellino plinian (0.8 wt%) events. Chlorine has a wider range, from 0.1 wt% to 1.6 wt%. Mt Somma-Vesuvius has some features similar to those of mineralized alkaline magmatic systems which coincide with the transition between subduction-related compression and extension-related to continental rifting. We infer that a prospective time for the formation of mineralization at Mt Somma-Vesuvius was during the 1631-1944 eruptive period. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Geofis & Vulcanol, I-80134 Naples, Italy. RP Paone, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 954 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 150 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0930-0708 J9 MINER PETROL JI Mineral. Petrol. PY 2001 VL 73 IS 1-3 BP 201 EP 233 DI 10.1007/s007100170017 PG 33 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 495UB UT WOS:000172357800012 ER PT B AU Nichols, JD AF Nichols, JD BE Shenk, TM Franklin, AB TI Using models in the conduct of science and management of natural resources SO MODELING IN NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: DEVELOPMENT INTERPRETATION AND APPLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on How to Practice Safe Modeling - The Interpretation and Application of Models in Resource Management CY 1997 CL SNOWMASS, CO SP Wildlife Soc, Biometr Working Grp ID ADAPTIVE OPTIMIZATION; WILDLIFE BIOLOGY; UNCERTAINTY; WATERFOWL; POPULATIONS; HARVESTS; PROGRAM C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Divnch, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Nichols, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Divnch, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 65 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 1-55963-739-0 PY 2001 BP 11 EP 34 PG 24 WC Ecology; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA BS52F UT WOS:000170202600002 ER PT B AU Johnson, DH AF Johnson, DH BE Shenk, TM Franklin, AB TI Validating and evaluating models SO MODELING IN NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: DEVELOPMENT INTERPRETATION AND APPLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on How to Practice Safe Modeling - The Interpretation and Application of Models in Resource Management CY 1997 CL SNOWMASS, CO SP Wildlife Soc, Biometr Working Grp ID STATISTICAL VALIDATION; ENVIRONMENTAL-MODELS C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Johnson, DH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. NR 38 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 1-55963-739-0 PY 2001 BP 105 EP 119 PG 15 WC Ecology; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA BS52F UT WOS:000170202600007 ER PT B AU Kendall, WL AF Kendall, WL BE Shenk, TM Franklin, AB TI Using models to facilitate complex decisions SO MODELING IN NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: DEVELOPMENT INTERPRETATION AND APPLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on How to Practice Safe Modeling - The Interpretation and Application of Models in Resource Management CY 1997 CL SNOWMASS, CO SP Wildlife Soc, Biometr Working Grp ID ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; WATERFOWL HARVESTS; UNCERTAINTY; OPTIMIZATION; SURVIVAL C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Kendall, WL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 27 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 1-55963-739-0 PY 2001 BP 147 EP 170 PG 24 WC Ecology; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA BS52F UT WOS:000170202600010 ER PT B AU DeAngelis, DL Mooij, WM Nott, MP Bennetts, RE AF DeAngelis, DL Mooij, WM Nott, MP Bennetts, RE BE Shenk, TM Franklin, AB TI Individual-based models: Tracking variability among individuals SO MODELING IN NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: DEVELOPMENT INTERPRETATION AND APPLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on How to Practice Safe Modeling - The Interpretation and Application of Models in Resource Management CY 1997 CL SNOWMASS, CO SP Wildlife Soc, Biometr Working Grp ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SIMULATION-MODEL; FISH COHORT; SNAIL KITE; SIZE; COMPETITION; MANAGEMENT; EVERGLADES; SURVIVAL; FLORIDA C1 Univ Miami, Dept Biol, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP DeAngelis, DL (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Biol, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RI Mooij, Wolf/C-2677-2008 OI Mooij, Wolf/0000-0001-5586-8200 NR 53 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 1-55963-739-0 PY 2001 BP 171 EP 195 PG 25 WC Ecology; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA BS52F UT WOS:000170202600011 ER PT B AU Sanford, WE Revesz, K Deak, J AF Sanford, WE Revesz, K Deak, J BE Seiler, KP Wohnlich, S TI Inverse modelling using C-14 ages: Application to groundwater in the Danube-Tisza interfluvial region of Hungary SO NEW APPROACHES CHARACTERIZING GROUNDWATER FLOW, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st International-Association-of-Hydrogeologists Congress CY SEP 10-14, 2001 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP Int Assoc Hydrogeologists, Assoc Tracer Hydrologists AB A numerical groundwater model has been constructed of the region between the Danube and Tisza Rivers in south-central Hungary. Three hundred water levels and 51 C-14-based ages were used to calibrate the model using an automated inverse procedure. An initial calibration without the C-14-based ages yielded ratios for the estimated parameters of recharge, evapotranspiration (ET), and horizontal and vertical permeability. The vertical anisotropy was estimated to be 10,000, whereas the ET-to-recharge ratio was estimated to be 1.5. Once the C-14-based ages were included in the calibration, each of the parameter values could then also be calibrated. An estimated recharge value of 55 mm/y agreed well with local bomb-tritium profiles in the recharge areas, and there was an overall good fit to both shallow and deep water level data. A value for porosity could still not be determined independently from recharge, but this value could be estimated more readily from prior information. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Sanford, WE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-2651-848-X PY 2001 BP 401 EP 404 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BT38T UT WOS:000172834600079 ER PT J AU Krise, WE AF Krise, WE TI Sensitivity of Atlantic salmon eggs to mechanical shock during the first six hours after fertilization SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article AB Eggs from six domestic adult Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and six sea-run kelts (wild adults held over for a second spawning season) were tested at 0.5 to 6 h after fertilization for sensitivity to mechanical shock produced by dropping eggs from measured heights, Estimates of drop height and force causing 10% (lethal tolerance, LT90) and 25% (LT75) mortality were used to project egg sensitivity to handling while collecting, disinfecting, and transporting eggs to incubation facilities. Differences in LT90 and LT75 drop height or force were not significant among sample times up to 6 h postfertilization. The LT90 estimates of drop heights and force were 23.5-26.9 cm and 5,200-6,000 ergs for domestic eggs and 17.5-38.5 cm or 3,500-7,700 ergs for kelt eggs. The LT75 estimates of drop height and force were 46.1-60.3 cm and 10,200-13,400 ergs for domestic stock eggs and 43.7-65.1 cm and 8,800-13,100 ergs for kelt eggs. Variability in egg shock sensitivity among individual females was high and similar to differences in 24-h mortality observed in eggs transported for incubation. Our results show that a single dropping of eggs from a height of 17.5-38.5 cm could cause 10% egg mortality before eggs are incubated. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Res & Dev Labs, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. RP Krise, WE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, 4050 Bridger Canyon Rd, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 BP 34 EP 37 DI 10.1577/1548-8454(2001)063<0034:SOASET>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 419JC UT WOS:000167944700005 ER PT J AU Tucker, JW Lellis, WA Vermeer, GK AF Tucker, JW Lellis, WA Vermeer, GK TI The correlation between liver dry matter and liver lipid in cultured juvenile red drum fed various diets SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; SEABREAM SPARUS-AURATA; MORONE-SAXATILIS MALE; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SCIAENOPS-OCELLATUS; BODY-COMPOSITION; GILTHEAD SEABREAM; SEA BREAM; NUTRIENT UTILIZATION; GROWTH AB Reared juvenile red drum Sciaenops ocellatus were used in a series of seven experiments and four trials testing the effects of 6 commercial and 15 experimental feeds on liver lipid content. Feed composition ranges (dry basis) were 49-62% protein, 5-18% lipid (including 0.5-14% fish oil), 7-18% ash, and 5-22% moisture. Temperature range was 15-32 degreesC and salinity range 15-35 parts per thousand. Fish weight was 0.4-1,582 g and total length 36-512 mm. Neither hepatosomatic index nor lipid droplet area (measured by image analysis) could be used to predict liver lipid content. However, a strong multiple correlation (R-2 = 0.86) did exist between wet liver lipid (WLL) and liver dry matter (LDM), the regression being WLL = -57.325 +/- 8.1944(LDM) 0.38069(LDM)(2) 0.0076865(LDM)(3) 0.000052782(LDM)(4). This result suggests that, in some cases, liver dry matter could be used to estimate liver Lipid content for cultured red drum without the cost, Labor, and hazardous chemicals associated with traditional solvent extraction methods. C1 Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Div Marine Sci, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. US Geol Survey, Res & Dev Labs, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Stock Enhancement Res Facil, Port Manatee, FL 34221 USA. RP Tucker, JW (reprint author), Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Div Marine Sci, 5600 N US 1, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 BP 38 EP 44 DI 10.1577/1548-8454(2001)063<0038:TCBLDM>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 419JC UT WOS:000167944700006 ER PT J AU Atwood, HL Fontenot, QC Tomasso, JR Isely, JJ AF Atwood, HL Fontenot, QC Tomasso, JR Isely, JJ TI Toxicity of nitrite to Nile tilapia: Effect of fish size and environmental chloride SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID BASS AB Small (4.4 +/- 1.50 g; mean +/- SD) Nile tilapias Oreochromis niloticus were more tolerant of nitrite than large (90.7 +/- 16.43 g) fish. The 96-h median lethal concentration of nitrite-N to small fish was 81 mg/ L (95% confidence interval = 35-127 mg/L) compared with 8 mg/L (4-11 mg/L) for large fish. Addition of chloride to test water las either calcium chloride or sodium chloride) protected both small and large fish from nitrite. Sodium chloride and calcium chloride appeared to be similarly effective in inhibiting nitrite toxicity. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Aquaculture Fisheries & Wildlife, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Environm Toxicol, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Aquaculture Fisheries & Wildlife, US Geol Survey, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Tomasso, JR (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Aquaculture Fisheries & Wildlife, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 14 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 BP 49 EP 51 DI 10.1577/1548-8454(2001)063<0049:TONTNT>2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 419JC UT WOS:000167944700008 ER PT J AU Morrow, JC Reilly, JJ Olivas, JP Romero, MM AF Morrow, JC Reilly, JJ Olivas, JP Romero, MM TI Inexpensive pipe-hangers, clamps, and braces for aquaculture applications SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID ZOOPLANKTON; SYSTEM AB Uses for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe to custom-design pipe hangers, clamps, and braces commonly used in aquaculture facilities are described. Use of PVC pipe reduces costs and provides flexible, safe, and extremely strong custom-built hardware. It also reduces metal rust and corrosion in the vicinity of wet areas commonly found in fish culture facilities. Custom-built PVC hardware is esthetically pleasing and virtually eliminates metal edges that sometimes cause injuries. Fabrication of PVC hardware requires no special tools or equipment. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Mora Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, Mora, NM 87732 USA. RP Romero, MM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Mora Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, POB 689, Mora, NM 87732 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 BP 79 EP 82 DI 10.1577/1548-8454(2001)063<0079:IPHCAB>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 419JC UT WOS:000167944700013 ER PT J AU O'Connell, AF Servello, FA Higgins, J Halteman, W AF O'Connell, AF Servello, FA Higgins, J Halteman, W TI Status and habitat relationships of northern flying squirrels on Mount Desert Island, Maine SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; GLAUCOMYS-SABRINUS; HOME-RANGE; ABUNDANCE; VOLANS AB Northern (Glaucomys sabrinus) and southern (G. volans) flying squirrels occur in Maine, but there is uncertainty about range overlap in southcentral Maine where the southern flying squirrel reaches its geographic range limit. We surveyed flying squirrels on Mount Desert Island (MDI), located along the central Maine coast, to update the current status and distribution of these species. We captured only northern flying squirrels, and populations ( greater than or equal to 2 individuals) were located in two conifer stands and one mixed conifer-hardwood stand. All three stands were located in relatively older forests, outside a large area burned in a 1947 fire. Tree diameters were similar between trap stations with and without captures, under-story density was low overall, and there was a trend of higher seedling density at capture locations. Low understory density may allow squirrels more effective gliding movements between trees, which may enhance predator avoidance. Although the southern flying squirrel was reported from MD1 numerous times during the 20(th) century, no voucher specimens exist, and species identification and localities have been poorly documented. Future surveys on MDI should consider collection of voucher specimens to validate subsequent survey efforts and effectively document changes in local biodiversity. C1 Univ Maine, USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Math & Stat, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP O'Connell, AF (reprint author), Univ Maine, USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 5768 S Annex A, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM allan_o'connell@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PY 2001 VL 8 IS 2 BP 127 EP 136 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 528JH UT WOS:000174240300001 ER PT J AU Moring, JR AF Moring, JR TI Appearance and possible homing of two species of sculpins in Maine tidepools SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID FISHES; PATTERNS; ZONE AB Two species of sculpins (Cottidae), the grubby, Myoxocephalus aenacus, and the shorthorn sculpin, M. scorpius, were studied in rocky tidepools along the coast of Maine. Fishes were captured and measured during 116 sampling trips between 1979 and 1996. Both of these species of sculpins are from the northwestern Atlantic Ocean and are present in tidepools nearly every month of the year and are the only fish species found in Maine tidepools during winter. Both sculpin species are important components of tidepool ecosystems and dominate the rocky tidepool fish communities from late autumn to early spring, a time when other fish species decline in abundance or are absent. There was no apparent relationship between sculpin abundance and salinity, but the two species of Myoxocephalus were encountered in water temperatures of 1.5 to 18.9degreesC, with 55.0% of the shorthorn sculpins and 57.3% of the grubbies encountered in tidepools, where water temperatures ranged from 12 to 15degreesC. Between 1988 and 1996, 102 individuals from both species were marked. Of these, 21.3% were recaptured, some repeatedly in the same tidepools and even at specific locations within tidepools over successive tidal cycles-an indication of homing behavior. C1 Univ Maine, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Moring, JR (reprint author), Univ Maine, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 5751 Murray Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PY 2001 VL 8 IS 2 BP 207 EP 218 DI 10.2307/3858372 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 528JH UT WOS:000174240300007 ER PT J AU Brown, KM Tims, JL Erwin, RM Richmond, ME AF Brown, KM Tims, JL Erwin, RM Richmond, ME TI Changes in the nesting populations of colonial waterbirds in Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge, New York, 1974-1998 SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID INTERNATIONAL-AIRPORT; AERIAL AB The Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge (JBWR) represents the largest protected area Cor over 300 species of migratory and resident birds on Long Island (LI), New York, and occupies a key position along the Atlantic flyway. We identified changes in nesting populations for 18 species of colonial waterbirds in JBWR and on LI, during 1974 - 1998, to provide a basis for future wildlife management decisions in JBWR and also at nearby John F. Kennedy International Airport. None of the populations was stable over the past 25 years in JBWR or on LI. Some populations in JBWR increased (Laughing Gull L. atricilla Linnaeus, Great Black-backed Gull L. marinus Linnaeus, Forster's Tern Sterna forsteri Nuttall) while others decreased (Herring Gull Larus argentatus Cones, Snowy Egret Egretta thula Molina), but only Cattle Egrets (Bubulcus ibis Linnaeus) have disappeared from the refuge. Common Tern (S. hirundo Linnaeus), Least Tern (S. antillarum Lesson), Roseate Tern (S. dougallii Montagu), Black Skimmer (Rynchops niger Linnaeus), Black-crowned Night Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax Linnaeus) and Great Egret (Ardea alba Linnaeus) populations all increased on LI over the sampling period although the Common Tern colonies in JBWR have been declining since 1986. The continued protection of the colony sites, particularly saltmarsh islands, in JBWR will be important to the conservation efforts of many colonial waterbird populations on Long Island. The JBWR colonies may serve as a source of emigrants to other Long Island colonies, and in some cases, act as a "sink" for birds immigrating from New Jersey and elsewhere. C1 Cornell Univ, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resources, USGS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Brown, KM (reprint author), Brock Univ, Dept Biol Sci, St Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. NR 41 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 11 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PY 2001 VL 8 IS 3 BP 275 EP 292 DI 10.2307/3858484 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 528JJ UT WOS:000174240400003 ER PT J AU Stone, J Le, BC Moring, JR AF Stone, J Le, BC Moring, JR TI Freshwater fishes of Acadia National Park, Mount Desert Island, Maine SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB A list of freshwater fishes is presented for Acadia National Park, Mount Desert Island, Maine, based on past survey records, published and unpublished reports, and recent comprehensive surveys within or bordering Park boundaries conducted in 1998 and 1999. Overall, 31 species of fishes have been recorded in freshwaters of the Park or those bordering Park boundaries; 28 of these are still present. Of those, 15 species are likely native to Mount Desert Island, and the indigenous status of one fish species is unknown. The most widely distributed species in lakes and ponds is the golden shiner, Notemigonus crysoleucas Mitchill (83% of ponds), while the most widely-distributed species in brooks is the brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchill (56%). C1 Univ Maine, US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Moring, JR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, 9317 Highway 99,Suite 1, Vancouver, WA 98665 USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PY 2001 VL 8 IS 3 BP 311 EP 318 DI 10.2307/3858487 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 528JJ UT WOS:000174240400006 ER PT J AU Moring, JR AF Moring, JR TI Intertidal growth of larval and juvenile lumpfish in Maine: A 20-year assessment SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID CYCLOPTERUS-LUMPUS L; TIDEPOOLS AB Larval and juvenile lumpfish, Clyclopterus lumpus L., were collected and measured over a 20-year period, 1979-1999, from tidepools along the coast of Maine. Using this extensive data base reduces the effects of annual variations in hatching times, early growth patterns, and locale for analyzing monthly size using length measurements. This can provide an effective field measurement of intertidal growth. Most fish were encountered during the months of July and August, and even when adjusted for number of sampling trips, 78% of the juveniles were encountered in tidepools during these months. Based on average lengths, size increased by 23% between June and July, 43% between July and August, and 34% between August and September. C1 Univ Maine, US Geol Survey, Marine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Bangor, ME 04401 USA. RP Moring, JR (reprint author), Univ Maine, US Geol Survey, Marine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 5751 Murray Hall, Bangor, ME 04401 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 17 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PY 2001 VL 8 IS 3 BP 347 EP 354 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 528JJ UT WOS:000174240400011 ER PT B AU Brown, JJ St Pierre, RA AF Brown, JJ St Pierre, RA GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI Restoration of American shad Alosa sapidissima populations in the Susquehanna and Delaware rivers, USA SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc AB Historically, both the Delaware and Susquehanna Rivers were major producers of American shad Alosa sapidissima on the Atlantic coast of the United States. However, significant environmental problems led to the virtual extirpation of American shad in the Susquehanna River and a severe population reduction in the Delaware River stock. The Susquehanna shad population was lost due to the construction of four large hydroelectric dams in the lower 90 km during 1904-1931. Fish re-introduction and project evaluation activities have been undertaken over a three-decade period by numerous state, federal, and utility company partners. These activities included the culture and release of over 150 million marked larval and fingerling shad, and trap and transport of over 200,000 pre-spawned adults to suitable spawning waters above blockages. The shad population returning to the lowermost dam on the Susquehanna grew from only a few hundred to over 200,000 fish in the past 17 years. Survival of out-migrating juvenile shad through hydroelectric turbines has been evaluated and, where necessary, improved with project operational changes during peak movement periods. Settlement agreements reached with each of the utility companies led to construction of large capacity fish elevators and ladders at the four lower river dams during 1991-2000. As a result, over 750 km of historic spawning habitat for anadromous fishes on the Susquehanna has been reopened for the first time in almost a century. The Delaware population was reduced throughout the 1900's largely due to a pollution block and associated low dissolved oxygen levels, which hindered upstream fish passage. Additionally, several of the major tributaries to the Delaware were dammed. River water quality has improved since the 1970's. Fish passage Is now provided at several of these dams, and larvae are being stocked in the formerly inaccessible tributaries. As a result of these actions, the Delaware River shad population is recovering. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Smyrna, DE 19977 USA. RP Brown, JJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 2610 Whitehall Neck Rd, Smyrna, DE 19977 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 14 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 321 EP 326 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800050 ER PT B AU Noble, MA Sherwood, CR Lee, HL Robertson, G Martini, M AF Noble, MA Sherwood, CR Lee, HL Robertson, G Martini, M GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI Transport processes near coastal ocean outfalls SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc AB The central Southern California Bight is an urbanized coastal ocean where complex topography and large-scale atmospheric and oceanographic forcing has led to numerous sediment-distribution patterns. Two large embayments, Santa Monica and San Pedro Bays, are connected by the short, very narrow shelf off the Palos Verdes peninsula. Ocean-sewage outfalls are located in the middle of Santa Monica Bay, on the Palos Verdes shelf and at the southeastern edge of San Pedro Bay. In 1992, the US Geological Survey, together with allied agencies, began a series of programs to determine the dominant processes that transport sediment and associated pollutants near the three ocean outfalls. As part of these programs, arrays of instrumented moorings that monitor currents, waves, water clarity, water density and collect resuspended materials were deployed on the continental shelf and slope Information was also collected on the sediment and contaminant distributions in the region. The data and models developed for the Palos Verdes shelf suggest that the large reservoir of DDT/DDE in the coastal ocean sediments will continue to be exhumed and transported along the shelf for a long time. On the Santa Monica shelf, very large internal waves, or bores, are generated at the shelf break. The near-bottom currents associated with these waves sweep sediments and the associated contaminants from the shelf onto the continental slope. A new program underway on the San Pedro shelf will determine if water and contaminants from a nearby ocean outfall are transported to the local beaches by coastal ocean processes. The large variety of processes found that transport sediments and contaminants in this small region of the continental margin suggest that in regions with complex topography, local processes change markedly over small spatial scales. One cannot necessarily infer that the dominant transport processes will be similar even in adjacent regions. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Noble, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 1996 EP 2000 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800316 ER PT J AU Blados, WR Cotter, GA Ryan, RP AF Blados, WR Cotter, GA Ryan, RP TI International Aerospace Information Network: international cooperation and resource sharing SO ONLINE INFORMATION REVIEW LA English DT Article DE aerospace industry; information resources management; information retrieval; information systems; Internet AB The identification, acquisition, and utilisation of scientific and technical information is of paramount importance to the efficiency of the research and development (R&D) process. With the advances in information technology and information management, increased international participation in the aerospace field, and the realities of scarce resources for every nation, the strategies and benefits for international cooperation and resource sharing are readily apparent. With this in mind, a Working Group was established in 1994 to examine the issues, strategies, and actions required to develop a mechanism for improving the access to, and use of aerospace and aerospace-related information by developing a self-sustaining, worldwide network of partner organisations committed to sharing their data and information resources. The Working Group decided that the Internet would be the most suitable Vehicle to provide such a mechanism and developed a prototype International Aerospace Information Network (IAIN) Web site, providing a catalogue of aerospace information sources from which information searches can be launched. C1 Walter R Blados & Associates, Glendale, OH USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. Def Tech Informat Ctr, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. RP Blados, WR (reprint author), Walter R Blados & Associates, Glendale, OH USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCB U P LIMITED PI BRADFORD PA 60/62 TOLLER LANE, BRADFORD BD8 9BY, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1468-4527 J9 ONLINE INFORM REV JI Online Inf. Rev. PY 2001 VL 25 IS 1 BP 54 EP 61 DI 10.1108/14684520110382023 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA 422WX UT WOS:000168143200007 ER PT J AU Schimmelmann, A Boudou, JP Lewan, MD Wintsch, RP AF Schimmelmann, A Boudou, JP Lewan, MD Wintsch, RP TI Experimental controls on D/H and C-13/C-12 ratios of kerogen, bitumen and oil during hydrous pyrolysis SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE hydrous pyrolysis; hydrogen isotopes; carbon isotopes; deuterium; kerogen; bitumen; oil; lignite; isotope exchange; maturation ID SIMULATED THERMAL MATURATION; ORGANIC-MATTER MATURATION; PETROLEUM FORMATION; LIGHT-HYDROCARBONS; NATURAL-GAS; WATER; CARBON; SHALE; GEOCHEMISTRY; CONSTRAINTS AB Large isotopic transfers between water-derived hydrogen and organic hydrogen occurred during hydrous pyrolysis experiments of immature source rocks, in spite of only small changes in organic C-13/C-12. experiments at 330 degreesC over 72 h using chips or powder containing kerogen types I and III identify the rock/water ratio as a main factor affecting Delta deltaD for water and organic hydrogen. Our data suggest that larger rock permeability and smaller rock grain size increase the H-isotopic transfer between water-derived hydrogen and thermally maturing organic matter. Increasing hydrostatic pressure may have a similar effect, but the evidence remains inconclusive. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Paris 06, Lab Geochim 7 Met, CNRS, URA 1762, F-75230 Paris 05, France. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Schimmelmann, A (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, 1001 e 10th St, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. NR 39 TC 58 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PY 2001 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1009 EP 1018 DI 10.1016/S0146-6380(01)00059-6 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 468MD UT WOS:000170760700006 ER PT J AU Payne, DF Ortoleva, PJ AF Payne, DF Ortoleva, PJ TI A model for lignin alteration - Part 1: a kinetic reaction-network model SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE lignin; structural transformation; reaction network; kinetic; piceance basin ID ARGONNE PREMIUM COALS; REDUCTIVE CLEAVAGE; REACTION PATHWAYS; COALIFIED WOOD; PYROLYSIS; MATURATION; LIQUEFACTION; VITRINITE; ACIDS; ETHER AB A new quantitative model is presented,which simulates the maturation of lignin-derived sedimentary organic matter under geologic conditions. In this model, compositionally specific reactants evolve to specific intermediate and mobile products through balanced, nth order processes, by way of a network of sequential and parallel reactions. The chemical kinetic approach is based primarily on published observed structural transformations of naturally matured, lignin-derived, sedimentary organic matter. Assuming that Upper Cretaceous Williams Fork coal in the Piceance Basin is primarily lignin-derived, the model is calibrated for the Multi-Well Experiment(MWX) Site in this basin. This kind of approach may be applied to other selectively preserved chemical components of sedimentary organic matter. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Indiana Univ, Lab Computat Geodynam, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Payne, DF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Peachtree Business Ctr, Suite 130,3039 Amwiler Rd, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. NR 37 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PY 2001 VL 32 IS 9 BP 1073 EP 1085 DI 10.1016/S0146-6380(01)00080-8 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 476QW UT WOS:000171241100003 ER PT J AU Payne, DF Ortoleva, P AF Payne, DF Ortoleva, P TI A model for lignin alteration - part II: numerical model of natural gas generation and application to the Piceance Basin, Western Colorado SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE lignin; structural transformation; reaction network; kinetic; piceance basin ID PRESSURE HYDROUS PYROLYSIS; ARTIFICIAL MATURATION; CONFINED PYROLYSIS; COALIFIED WOOD; WATER; VITRINITE; COAL AB The model presented here simulates a network of parallel and sequential reactions that describe the structural and chemical transformation of lignin-derived sedimentary organic matter (SOM) and the resulting generation of mobile species from shallow burial to approximately low-volatile bituminous rank. The model is calibrated to the Upper Cretaceous Williams Fork Formation coal of the Piceance Basin at the Multi-Well Experiment (MWX) Site, assuming this coal is largely derived from lignin. The model calculates the content of functional groups on the residual molecular species, C, H, and O elemental weight percents of the residual species, and moles of residual molecular species and mobile species (including components of natural gas) through time. The model is generally more sensitive to initial molecular structure of the lignin-derived molecule and the H2O content of the system than to initial temperature, as the former affect the fundamental reaction paths. The model is used to estimate that a total of 314 trillion cubic feet (tcf) of methane is generated by the Williams Fork coal over the basin history. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Indiana Univ, Lab Computat Geodynam, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Payne, DF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Peachtree Business Ctr, Suite 130,3039 Amwiler Rd, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PY 2001 VL 32 IS 9 BP 1087 EP 1101 DI 10.1016/S0146-6380(01)00081-X PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 476QW UT WOS:000171241100004 ER PT J AU Betancourt, JL Rylander, KA Penalba, C McVickar, JL AF Betancourt, JL Rylander, KA Penalba, C McVickar, JL TI Late Quaternary vegetation history of Rough Canyon, south-central New Mexico, USA SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chihuahuan Desert; climate change; Holocene; macrofossils; packrat middens; paleoecology; Pleistocene; pollen ID FRICTION SKIN PRINTS; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTHERN CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; PACK-RAT MIDDENS; PENDEJO CAVE; SONORAN DESERT; EPIDERMAL RIDGES; ESTANCIA VALLEY; POLLEN ANALYSIS; ARIZONA AB South-central New Mexico, USA, at the junction of the Rocky Mountains, High Plains and Chihuahuan Desert, is one of the better known regions in the late Quaternary of North America. Plant macrofossils and pollen from a packrat midden series in Rough Canyon, New Mexico allows refinement of plant distributions and paleoclimates in this transitional area since full glacial times. From 17000 to 12000 (14)C yr BP, Pinus edulis-Juniperus scopulorum woodlands dominated limestone substrates between 1800 and 1490 m. with Pseudotsuga menziesii and other mixed-conifer species restricted to shady, north-facing slopes. Juniperus deppeana, the dominant juniper today above 2000 m in southern New Mexico, is conspicuously absent from glacial middens and must have been displaced south of the US-Mexico border. The minimum climatic conditions for P. edulis-J. scopulorum woodlands are ca 20% wetter and 3.5-5 degreesC cooler (July mean maximum temperatures) than the modern climate at Rough Canyon. Holocene warming/drying may have started as early as 12 000 (14)C yr BP with the extirpation of J. scopulorum from Rough Canyon, and was completed by at least 10 540 (14)C yr BP. The record for arrivals of some desert species is confounded by traces of pollen and macrofossils in some of the glacial middens, which could signify either earliest occurrence or temporal mixing (contamination) of assemblages. AMS (14)C dating can discriminate between early arrival and contamination in midden macrofossils but not in pollen. AMS dates show that Choisya dumosa, presently near its northern (cold) limits at Rough Canyon, endured late glacial winters, possibly as clonal populations. Some Larrea tridentata leaves and pollen occur in middens dominated by conifers and oaks no longer at the site; an AMS date of 3205 (14)C yr BP on Larrea leaves from one midden indicates contamination. Evidence for some macrofossil contamination, however, does not rule out the possibility that pollen of desert elements (e.g. Larrea, Prosopis) in late glacial-early Holocene middens indicates their presence in the Tularosa Basin, well ahead of their local appearance in Rough Canyon. Finally, the increasing dominance of desert elements after 5000 (14)C yr BP in the Rough Canyon series and elsewhere in the northern Chihuahuan Desert could reflect slow, postglacial migration from the south and/or progressive encroachment with gradual stripping of soils formed during the last glacial period. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ecol, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. Natl Pk Serv, Santa Fe, NM 87504 USA. RP Betancourt, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1675 W Anklam Rd, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. EM jlbetanc@usgs.gov NR 97 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 165 IS 1-2 BP 71 EP 95 DI 10.1016/S0031-0182(00)00154-1 PG 25 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 387PR UT WOS:000166131400004 ER PT B AU Schreck, CB Maule, AG AF Schreck, CB Maule, AG BE Goos, HJT Rastogi, RK Vaudry, H Pierantoni, R TI Are the endocrine and immune systems really the same thing? SO PERSPECTIVE IN COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY: UNITY AND DIVERSITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Congress of Comparative Endocrinology CY MAY 26-30, 2001 CL SORRENTO, ITALY SP Int Federat Comparat Endocrinol Soc AB The endocrine and immune systems are bi-directional. There are few, if any, hormones that do not have some role in regulation of operation or function of the immune system. Hormones appear to operate by causing up or down regulation of immune factors through receptor-mediated systems of cells of both arms (innate and acquired) of the immune system. Immune cells also produce cytokines, including numerous hormones that regulate endocrine system operation and function. There are a variety of rhythms, such as circadian, seasonal, and reproductive, that both systems have in common. Immune responsiveness has a strong psychological component, including behavior. It is interesting to think about endocrine-immune system interactions during times when organisms undergo major ontogenetic shifts that may challenge recognition of self. The immune system might also be one of the targets of endocrine disruption caused by environmental contaminants. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, BRD,USGS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Schreck, CB (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, BRD,USGS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU MEDIMOND S R L PI 40128 BOLOGNA PA VIA MASERATI 5, 40128 BOLOGNA, 00000, ITALY BN 88-323-1526-2 PY 2001 BP 351 EP 357 AR UNSP B526R9067 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA BU45E UT WOS:000176015100044 ER PT J AU Igamberdiev, AU Ivlev, AA Bykova, NV Threlkeld, CN Lea, PJ Gardestrom, P AF Igamberdiev, AU Ivlev, AA Bykova, NV Threlkeld, CN Lea, PJ Gardestrom, P TI Decarboxylation of glycine contributes to carbon isotope fractionation in photosynthetic organisms SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE carbon isotope fractionation; glycine decarboxylase; photorespiration; photorespiratory mutants; plant mitochondria ID PLANT-MITOCHONDRIA; REDUCED ACTIVITIES; LEAF MITOCHONDRIA; H-PROTEIN; PHOTORESPIRATION; MUTANTS; PEA; METABOLISM; COMPLEX; LEAVES AB Carbon isotope effects were investigated for the reaction catalyzed by the glycine decarboxylase complex (GDC; EC 2.1.2.10). Mitochondria isolated from leaves of pea (Pisum sativum L.) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) were incubated with glycine, and the CO2 evolved was analyzed for the carbon isotope ratio (delta C-13). Within the range of parameters tested (temperature, pH, combination of cofactors NAD(+), ADP, pyridoxal 5-phosphate), carbon isotope shifts of CO2 relative to the C-1-carboxyl carbon of glycine varied from +14 parts per thousand to -7 parts per thousand. The maximum effect of cofactors was observed for NAD(+), the removal of which resulted in a strong C-12 enrichment of the CO2 evolved. This indicates the possibility of isotope effects with both positive and negative signs in the GDC reaction. The measurement of delta C-13 in the leaves of the GDC-deficient barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) mutant (LaPr 87/30) plants indicated that photorespiratory carbon isotope fractionation, opposite in sign when compared to the carbon isotope effect during CO2 photoassimilation, takes place in vivo. Thus the key reaction of photorespiration catalyzed by GDC, together with the key reaction of CO2 fixation catalyzed by ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, both contribute to carbon isotope fractionation in photosynthesis. C1 Umea Univ, Dept Plant Physiol, Umea Plant Sci Ctr, S-90187 Umea, Sweden. KA Timiryazev Agr Acad, Agrochem Fac, Moscow 127550, Russia. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Lancaster, Dept Biol Sci, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. RP Igamberdiev, AU (reprint author), Umea Univ, Dept Plant Physiol, Umea Plant Sci Ctr, S-90187 Umea, Sweden. RI Igamberdiev, Abir/B-4776-2013; OI ivlev, Alexander/0000-0001-7966-2266 NR 45 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 11 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PY 2001 VL 67 IS 3 BP 177 EP 184 DI 10.1023/A:1010635308668 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 446PA UT WOS:000169520600002 ER PT S AU Wynn, J McGinnis, T AF Wynn, J McGinnis, T BE Chung, JS Sayed, M Saeki, H Setoguchi, T TI Two different electrical properties can improve transoceanic cable-route mapping SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ELEVENTH (2001) INTERNATIONAL OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL I SE International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE-2001) CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL STAVANGER, NORWAY SP Int Soc Offshore & Polar Engineers, Canadian Assoc Petr Producers, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Engn Mech Div, Korea Comm Ocean Resources & Engn, Canadian Soc Civil Engineers, Engn Mech Div, Chinese Soc Ocean Engineers, Chinese Soc Naval Architects & Marine Engineers, Chinese Soc Theoret & Appl Mech, Russian Acad Sci, Singapore Struct Steel Soc, Norwegian Petr Soc, Inst Engineers Australia, Kansai Soc Naval Architects, IRO, Tech Res Ctr Finland, Soc Mat Sci, Offshore Engn Soc, Ukraine Soc Mech Engineers, IFREMER, Scott Polar Res Inst, Inst Engineers Indones, Brazilian Soc Naval Architects & Marine Engineers, Korean Soc Civil Engineers ID FLOOR AB Recent experience has shown that burial assessment surveys, consisting of continuous resistivity profiling. in coordination with periodic cone-penetrometer tests. provides critical information to engineers planning transoceanic cable routes. The expense of the new generation of high-bandwidth optical-fiber cables and their vulnerability to trawling, dredging, and various geological hazards such as landslides makes cable burial several meters below the water-sediment interface increasingly important. Burial, however, is highly dependent upon the ripability (plowability) of the top several meters of ocean-floor sediments. Consequently, ocean-floor surveys beginning with side-scan sonar have become an integral part of modern transoceanic cable-laying operations, such as FLAG (Fiberoptic Link Around the Globe). In most cases, cone-penetrometers can characterize these sediments for purposes of assessing the potential for plowing or hydraulic trenching, but these measurements are not continuous. Electrical resistivity, on the other hand, can be measured continuously. It can also distinguish low-porosity from high-porosity (i.e., probably ripable) materials, as well as layering, providing depth to any shallow consolidated unit below the sediment-water interface. However, resistivity alone cannot distinguish lithologies- for instance, it cannot separate low-porosity basalt from low-porosity clay. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Wynn, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OFFSHORE& POLAR ENGINEERS PI CUPERTINO PA PO BOX 189, CUPERTINO, CA 95015-0189 USA SN 1098-6189 BN 1-880653-52-4 J9 INT OFFSHORE POLAR E PY 2001 BP 37 EP 41 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Ocean; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BS98K UT WOS:000171593000007 ER PT S AU Kvenvolden, KA Lorenson, TD AF Kvenvolden, KA Lorenson, TD BE Chung, JS Sayed, M Saeki, H Setoguchi, T TI Global occurrences of gas hydrate SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ELEVENTH (2001) INTERNATIONAL OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL I SE International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE-2001) CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL STAVANGER, NORWAY SP Int Soc Offshore & Polar Engineers, Canadian Assoc Petr Producers, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Engn Mech Div, Korea Comm Ocean Resources & Engn, Canadian Soc Civil Engineers, Engn Mech Div, Chinese Soc Ocean Engineers, Chinese Soc Naval Architects & Marine Engineers, Chinese Soc Theoret & Appl Mech, Russian Acad Sci, Singapore Struct Steel Soc, Norwegian Petr Soc, Inst Engineers Australia, Kansai Soc Naval Architects, IRO, Tech Res Ctr Finland, Soc Mat Sci, Offshore Engn Soc, Ukraine Soc Mech Engineers, IFREMER, Scott Polar Res Inst, Inst Engineers Indones, Brazilian Soc Naval Architects & Marine Engineers, Korean Soc Civil Engineers DE gas hydrate; methane; BSR; resource; climate change; geohazard ID OCEANIC METHANE HYDRATE; FUTURE; DISSOCIATION; PALEOCENE; RESERVOIR; CARBON; END AB Natural gas hydrate is found worldwide in sediments of outer continental margins of all oceans and in polar areas with continuous permafrost. There are currently 77 localities identified globally where geophysical, geochemical and/or geological evidence indicates the presence of gas hydrate. Details concerning individual gas-hydrate occurrences are compiled at a new world-wide-web (www) site (http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/globalhydrate). This site has been created to facilitate global gas-hydrate research by providing information on each of the localities where there is evidence for gas hydrate. Also considered are the implications of gas hydrate as a potential (1) energy resource, (2) factor in global climate change, and (3) geohazard. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kvenvolden, KA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OFFSHORE& POLAR ENGINEERS PI CUPERTINO PA PO BOX 189, CUPERTINO, CA 95015-0189 USA SN 1098-6189 BN 1-880653-52-4 J9 INT OFFSHORE POLAR E PY 2001 BP 462 EP 467 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Ocean; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BS98K UT WOS:000171593000069 ER PT B AU Mazik, PM Simco, BA Parker, NC AF Mazik, PM Simco, BA Parker, NC BE Eversole, AG TI Relation of environmental calcium and pH to the stress response of striped bass SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTY-FIFTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION OF FISH AND WILDLIFE AGENCIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Conference of the Southeastern-Association-of-Fish-and-Wildlife-Agencies CY OCT 13-17, 2001 CL LOUISVILLE, KY SP SE Assoc Fish & Wildlife Agcy ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; ACID ALUMINUM EXPOSURE; FRESH-WATER FISH; RAINBOW-TROUT; BROOK TROUT; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; BROWN TROUT; ACIDIFICATION; CORTISOL AB Striped bass fingerlings (Morone saxatilis) acclimated to hard water (110 mg/liter as calcium carbonate, 41.0 mg/liter as calcium) were exposed for 96 hours at pH 7.7, 6.1, or 4.2 in hard water. In another experiment, striped bass fingerlings acclimated to soft water (32 mg/liter as calcium carbonate, 9.5 mg/liter as calcium) were exposed for 96 h at pH 7.7, 6.1, or 4.2 in soft water. No mortalities occurred during the experiments. The primary stress response and electrolyte disturbance were less severe in fish acclimated to hard water than in fish acclimated to soft water, suggesting that calcium acclimation history may be an important consideration when stocking striped bass into acidic waters. C1 W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Mazik, PM (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 322 Percival Hall, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION FISH & WILDLIFE AGENCIES (SEAFWA) PI TALLAHASSEE PA 8005 FRESHWATER FARMS RD, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32308 USA PY 2001 BP 208 EP 217 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Forestry SC Fisheries; Forestry GA BX04Q UT WOS:000184053000019 ER PT B AU Parauka, FM Alam, SK Fox, DA AF Parauka, FM Alam, SK Fox, DA BE Eversole, AG TI Movement and habitat use of subadult Gulf Sturgeon in Choctawhatchee Bay, Florida SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTY-FIFTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION OF FISH AND WILDLIFE AGENCIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Conference of the Southeastern-Association-of-Fish-and-Wildlife-Agencies CY OCT 13-17, 2001 CL LOUISVILLE, KY SP SE Assoc Fish & Wildlife Agcy ID SUWANNEE RIVER; LIFE-HISTORY; MIGRATION AB The Gulf sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) is a threatened anadromous species in the Gulf of Mexico. Nineteen subadult Gulf sturgeon were equipped with ultrasonic transmitters (34-40 kHz) in the Choctawhatchee River and Bay during fall 1996 and 1997. before their entry into marine habitat. The movement and habitat use of Gulf sturgeon in the estuarine/marine environment was determined from November through April 1996-1999. A total of 344 sonic contacts were made in this study. We documented fish location using a GPS and recorded water depth, temperature, salinity, substrate type, and distance from shore. Subadult Gulf sturgeon migration from the freshwater riverine system to the marine system was influenced by an increase in river flow and a decrease in water temperature. Fish moved throughout Choctawhatchee Bay, but mostly used shoreline areas. The use of 5 geographic areas by 95% of telemetered Gulf sturgeon may be linked to food availability. Gulf sturgeon overwintered for 5-6 months from November through April in Choctawhatchee Bay, Santa Rosa Sound, and Pensacola Bay. After overwintering in Choctawhatchee Bay, telemetered subadults returned back to the Choctawhatchee River in late April through May when mean water temperatures ranged from 18 to 25 C. Several telemetered fish were relocated in the Muddy Lake area of the river and remained there for several days before downstream or upstream migration. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. RP Parauka, FM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1601 Balboa Ave, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION FISH & WILDLIFE AGENCIES (SEAFWA) PI TALLAHASSEE PA 8005 FRESHWATER FARMS RD, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32308 USA PY 2001 BP 280 EP 297 PG 18 WC Fisheries; Forestry SC Fisheries; Forestry GA BX04Q UT WOS:000184053000026 ER PT B AU Welsh, SA Mangold, MF Eyler, SM AF Welsh, SA Mangold, MF Eyler, SM BE Eversole, AG TI Movement of shortnose sturgeon in the upper Chesapeake Bay, Maryland SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTY-FIFTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION OF FISH AND WILDLIFE AGENCIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Conference of the Southeastern-Association-of-Fish-and-Wildlife-Agencies CY OCT 13-17, 2001 CL LOUISVILLE, KY SP SE Assoc Fish & Wildlife Agcy ID ACIPENSER-BREVIROSTRUM; ATLANTIC STURGEONS; MERRIMACK-RIVER; MASSACHUSETTS; ESTUARY AB Little published information exists on shormose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum) in the Chesapeake Bay. During a reward program for Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus), 32 shortnose sturgeon were captured in the Chesapeake Bay and reported by commercial watermen between January 1996 and January 2000. Thirteen of the 32 shortnose sturgeon were sonically tagged, and 6 of these telemetered individuals were tracked during daylight hours within the upper Chesapeake Bay. The distance (km) and time (days) between consecutive relocations were use to estimate movement rates as km/day. Localized and wandering movements of telemetered shortnose sturgeon were observed within the upper Chesapeake Bay based on extended time intervals between relocations, but individuals were rarely relocated on consecutive days. Telemetered shortnose sturgeon were generally relocated in areas that exceeded the average available water depth. These data not only provide information on movements, but also depict areas used by shortnose sturgeon and may be useful for understanding potential impacts of habitat alterations in the upper Chesapeake Bay. C1 Maryland Fisheries Resources Off, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Welsh, SA (reprint author), Maryland Fisheries Resources Off, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 177 Admiral Cochrance Dr, Annapolis, MD USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION FISH & WILDLIFE AGENCIES (SEAFWA) PI TALLAHASSEE PA 8005 FRESHWATER FARMS RD, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32308 USA PY 2001 BP 298 EP 303 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Forestry SC Fisheries; Forestry GA BX04Q UT WOS:000184053000027 ER PT B AU Walters, NF Rohwer, FC Harris, JO AF Walters, NF Rohwer, FC Harris, JO BE Eversole, AG TI Nest success and nesting habitats of mottled ducks on the Mississippi river delta in Louisiana SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTY-FIFTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION OF FISH AND WILDLIFE AGENCIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Conference of the Southeastern-Association-of-Fish-and-Wildlife-Agencies CY OCT 13-17, 2001 CL LOUISVILLE, KY SP SE Assoc Fish & Wildlife Agcy ID NORTH-DAKOTA; AVAILABILITY DATA; WATERFOWL; ISLANDS AB Waterfowl management is a major goal at the Delia National Wildlife Refuge, yet there is little information on mottled duck (Anas fulvigula) nesting on the Mississippi River Delta (MRD) in Louisiana to guide management decisions. In 1998 and 1999, we determined nest success and its relationship to sites and habitat types. Average Mayfield nest success for all locations and years was 20.0%. Nest success differed among sites in 1998 and among habitat types in 1999. Greatest nest success (56.7%) was on Mississippi River levee sites and lowest nest success (0.3%) was on canal banks. Most nest failure was attributed to female abandonment (33.1%) and nest depredation (27.7%). Habitats selected for nesting sites were not used in proportion to their availability, with grassland habitats being used more than expected and marsh and forested habitats being used less than expected. No nests were located on splays. Habitat loss and degradation of coastal marshes in the MRD probably has an adverse affect on mottled duck nesting. Identifying nest locations and habitat types may allow managers to protect existing mottled duck nesting habitats or create new nesting sites. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, SE Louisiana Refuges, Slidell, LA 70458 USA. RP Walters, NF (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, SE Louisiana Refuges, 1010 Gause Blvd,Bldg 936, Slidell, LA 70458 USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION FISH & WILDLIFE AGENCIES (SEAFWA) PI TALLAHASSEE PA 8005 FRESHWATER FARMS RD, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32308 USA PY 2001 BP 498 EP 505 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Forestry SC Fisheries; Forestry GA BX04Q UT WOS:000184053000048 ER PT S AU Ingersoll, GP Tonnessen, KA Campbell, DH Glass, BR Torizzo, AO AF Ingersoll, GP Tonnessen, KA Campbell, DH Glass, BR Torizzo, AO BE Elder, K TI Effects of storm trajectories on snowfall chemistry in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE, 69TH ANNUAL MEETING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE (SERIES) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 69th Annual Meeting of Western-Snow-Conference CY APR 16-19, 2001 CL SUN VALLEY, ID ID ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; SNOWMELT; NITROGEN; USA AB Snowfall samples from snowstorms lasting I to 4 days were collected near the Bear Lake snow telemetry (SnoTel) site in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado (ROMO), during the 1998-99 snowfall season to determine if storms moving in from different directions affect the chemistry of precipitation in the park. Storm pathways to Bear Lake during snowfall events were estimated using the HYSPLIT4 backward-trajectory model developed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Deposition of acidic ions of nitrate and sulfate in snowfall during the study varied substantially (two- to threefold) depending on storm trajectory because air masses traversing the park originated from different surrounding areas, including some having large sources of emissions of nitrate and sulfate. Concentrations of nitrate and sulfate in samples were lowest when storms reached ROMO from north and east of the park and were elevated when air masses traveled from the west where a number of power plants are located. Concentrations were highest in storms reaching ROMO from the south, a region with urban areas including Metropolitan Denver. C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Ingersoll, GP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 415, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE PI PORTLAND PA PO BOX 2646, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0161-0589 J9 P WEST SNOW CONF PY 2001 BP 32 EP 42 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BT86M UT WOS:000174272100004 ER PT S AU Jeton, AE AF Jeton, AE BE Elder, K TI Streamflow forecasting using the modular modeling system and an object-user interface. SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE, 69TH ANNUAL MEETING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE (SERIES) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 69th Annual Meeting of Western-Snow-Conference CY APR 16-19, 2001 CL SUN VALLEY, ID AB The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation (BOR), developed a computer program to provide a general framework needed to couple disparate environmental resource models and to manage the necessary data. The Object-User Interface (OUI) is a map-based interface for models and modeling data. It provides a common interface to run hydrologic models and acquire, browse, organize, and select spatial and temporal data. One application is to assist river managers in utilizing streamflow forecasts generated with the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System running in the Modular Modeling System (MMS), a distributed-parameter watershed model, and the National Weather Service Extended Streamflow Prediction (ESP) methodology. C1 US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV 89706 USA. RP Jeton, AE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 333 W Nye Lane, Carson City, NV 89706 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE PI PORTLAND PA PO BOX 2646, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0161-0589 J9 P WEST SNOW CONF PY 2001 BP 85 EP 91 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BT86M UT WOS:000174272100011 ER PT J AU Chivas, AR Garcia, A van der Kaars, S Couapel, MJJ Holt, S Reeves, JM Wheeler, DJ Switzer, AD Murray-Wallace, CV Banerjee, D Price, DM Wang, SX Pearson, G Edgar, NT Beaufort, L De Deckker, P Lawson, E Cecil, CB AF Chivas, AR Garcia, A van der Kaars, S Couapel, MJJ Holt, S Reeves, JM Wheeler, DJ Switzer, AD Murray-Wallace, CV Banerjee, D Price, DM Wang, SX Pearson, G Edgar, NT Beaufort, L De Deckker, P Lawson, E Cecil, CB TI Sea-level and environmental changes since the last interglacial in the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia: an overview SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Australian Quarternary Studies, A Tribute to Jim Bowler CY FEB, 2000 CL CANBERRA, AUSTRALIA ID REGENERATIVE-DOSE PROTOCOL; MARINE OSTRACOD SHELLS; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL INDICATOR; RETROSPECTIVE DOSIMETRY; PALEOCLIMATE CONTROLS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; NORTHERN AUSTRALIA; SOUTHERN AUSTRALIA; CONTINENTAL-SHELF AB The Gulf of Carpentaria is an epicontinental sea (maximum depth 70 m) between Australia and New Guinea, bordered to the east by Torres Strait (currently 12 m deep) and to the west by the Arafura Sill (53 m below present sea level). Throughout the Quaternary, during times of low sea-level, the Gulf was separated from the open waters of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. forming Lake Carpentaria, an isolation basin, perched above contemporaneous sea-level with outlet channels to the Arafura Sea. A preliminary interpretation is presented of the palaeoenvironments recorded in six sediment cores collected by the IMAGES program in the Gulf of Carpentaria. The longest core (approx. 15 m) spans the past 130 ka and includes a record of sea-level/lake-level changes, with particular complexity between 80 and 40 ka when sea-level repeatedly breached and withdrew from Gulf/Lake Carpentaria. Evidence from biotic remains (foraminifers, ostracods. pollen), sedimentology and geochemistry clearly identifies a final marine transgression at about 9.7 ka (radiocarbon years). Before this transgression, Lake Carpentaria was surrounded by grassland, was near full. and may have had a surface area approaching 600 km x 300 km and a depth of about 15 m. The earlier rise in sea-level which accompanied the Marine Isotopic Stage 6/5 transgression at about 130 ka is constrained by sedimentological and biotic evidence and dated by optical- and thermoluminescence and amino acid racemisation methods. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wollongong, Sch Geosci, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Phys, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. CEREGE, CNRS, F-13540 Aix En Provence 4, France. Australian Natl Univ, Dept Geol, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Lucas Heights Res Labs, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Chivas, AR (reprint author), Univ Wollongong, Sch Geosci, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. RI Chivas, Allan/B-4242-2013; Switzer, Adam/B-7036-2011; OI Chivas, Allan/0000-0002-1459-6330; SWITZER, ADAM/0000-0002-4352-7852 NR 72 TC 94 Z9 97 U1 2 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PY 2001 VL 83-5 BP 19 EP 46 DI 10.1016/S1040-6182(01)00029-5 PG 28 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 478PN UT WOS:000171354700004 ER PT J AU Bischoff, JL Cummins, K AF Bischoff, JL Cummins, K TI Wisconsin Glaciation of the Sierra Nevada (79,000-15,000 yr BP) as recorded by rock flour in sediments of Owens Lake, California SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Wisconsin glaciation; rock flour; Sierra Nevada; Owens Lake ID HEINRICH EVENTS; CLIMATE; OSCILLATIONS; GREENLAND; GLACIERS; AGES AB Chemical analyses of the clay-sized fractions of 564 continuous sediment samples (200-yr resolution) from composite core OL90/92 allow quantification of an abundance of glacial rock flour. Rock flour produced during glacier advances is represented by clay-sized plagioclase, K-feldspar, and biotite in homogeneous internal composition. The abundance of rock flour is deemed proportional to the intensity of glacies advances. Age control for the composite section is provided by combining previously published radiocarbon dates on organics, U/Th dates on ostracode shells, and U/Th dates on saline minerals from nearby Searles Lake correlated to OL92 by pollen. The rack flour record displays three levels of variability: (1) a dominant one of about 20,000 yr related to summer insolation and precipitation; (2) an intermediate one of 3000-5000 yr, perhaps related to North Atlantic Heinrich events; and (3) a minor one of 1000-2000 yr, perhaps related to North Atlantic thermohaline-driven air-temperature variation, (C) 2001 University of Washington. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Bischoff, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 37 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 55 IS 1 BP 14 EP 24 DI 10.1006/qres.2000.2183 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 409XE UT WOS:000167410300003 ER PT J AU Muhs, DR Ager, TA Beget, JE AF Muhs, DR Ager, TA Beget, JE TI Vegetation and paleoclimate of the last interglacial period, central Alaska SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Beringian Paleoenvironments Workshop CY 1997 CL BERINGIA, RUSSIA ID OLD CROW TEPHRA; SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA; URANIUM-SERIES AGES; FISSION-TRACK AGES; VOSTOK ICE-CORE; INTERIOR ALASKA; SEA-LEVEL; SOIL DEVELOPMENT; YUKON-TERRITORY; NATIONAL-PARK AB The last interglacial period is thought to be the last time global climate was significantly warmer than present. New stratigraphic studies at Eva Creek, near Fairbanks, Alaska indicate a complex last interglacial record wherein periods of loess deposition alternated with periods of soil formation. The Eva Forest Bed appears to have formed about the time of or after deposition of the Old Crow tephra (dated to similar to 160 to similar to 120 ka), and is therefore correlated with the last interglacial period. Pollen, macrofossils, and soils from the Eva Forest Bed indicate that boreal forest was the dominant vegetation and precipitation may have been greater than present around Fairbanks during the peak of the last interglacial period. A new compilation of last interglacial localities indicates that boreal forest was extensive over interior Alaska and Yukon Territory. Boreal forest also extended beyond its present range onto the Seward and Baldwin Peninsulas, and probably migrated to higher elevations, now occupied by tundra, in the interior. Comparison of last interglacial pollen and macrofossil data with atmospheric general circulation model results shows both agreement and disagreement. Model results of warmer-than-present summers are in agreement with fossil data. However, numerous localities with boreal forest records are in conflict with model reconstructions of an extensive cool steppe in interior Alaska and much of Yukon Territory during the last interglacial, (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Alaska, Dept Geol & Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Muhs, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 980, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 99 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 20 IS 1-3 BP 41 EP 61 DI 10.1016/S0277-3791(00)00132-3 PG 21 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 386NK UT WOS:000166068300005 ER PT J AU Hamilton, TD AF Hamilton, TD TI Quaternary glacial, lacustrine, and fluvial interactions in the western Noatak basin, Northwest Alaska SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Beringian Paleoenvironments Workshop CY 1997 CL BERINGIA, RUSSIA AB The 130 km long Noatak basin is surrounded by mountains of the western Brooks Range. Middle and late Pleistocene glaciers flowing southeast into the basin dammed a succession of proglacial lakes defined by shorelines, outlet channels, and upper limits of wave erosion. More than 60 bluffs along the Noatak River and its principal tributaries expose glacial and glaciolacustrine sediments that exhibit cut-and-fill relationships with interglacial and interstadial river-channel and floodplain deposits. This report focuses on the western Noatak basin, where high bluffs created by deep postglacial erosion record four major glacial advances. During the Cutler advance, a floating ice tongue terminated in a large proglacial lake that filled the Noatak basin. The retreating glacier abandoned a trough along the valley center that subsequently filled with about 40 m of sediment during several younger glaciations and probably two major interglacial episodes. Alluvium that formed near the beginning of the younger interglaciation contains the 140,000 yr old Old Crow tephra. The subsequent closely spaced Okak and Makpik advances are clearly younger than the maximum of the last interglaciation, but they preceded a middle Wisconsin (36-30 ka) nonglacial interval in the Noatak basin. The Okak advance terminated in an extensive lake, whereas glaciers of the Makpik and the subsequent Anisak advances flowed into much narrower lakes that filed only the basin center. The Anisak advance, bracketed by radiocarbon ages of about 35 and 13.6 ka, represents the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in the western Noatak basin. Correlations with the oldest and youngest glacial deposits of the central Brooks Range are clear, but relationships to events of intermediate age are more tenuous. Early Pleistocene and older glacial advances from the central Brooks Range must have filled the Noatak basin and overflowed northward through Howard Pass. A younger glacial advance, of inferred middle Pleistocene (Sagavanirktok River) age, extended down the Noatak valley into the basin center, but its deposits are deeply buried beneath the basin floor and must be older than the Cutler moraine. The Cutler advance may have been synchronous with the older of two advances of Itkillik I age in the Atongarak Creek area, but other evidence indicates that the Okak-Makpik moraine succession more likely was synchronous with the two Atongarak Creek moraines. Radiocarbon ages, surface morphology, soil and weathering profiles, and lake-level history all support correlation of the last (Anisak) major glacial advance in the western basin with the Douglas Creek moraine farther east and with Itkillik II (late Wisconsin) glaciation of the central Brooks Range. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Hamilton, TD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4200 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NR 16 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 20 IS 1-3 BP 371 EP 391 DI 10.1016/S0277-3791(00)00110-4 PG 21 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 386NK UT WOS:000166068300027 ER PT J AU McGeehin, J Burr, GS Jull, AJT Reines, D Gosse, J Davis, PT Muhs, D Southon, JR AF McGeehin, J Burr, GS Jull, AJT Reines, D Gosse, J Davis, PT Muhs, D Southon, JR TI Stepped-combustion C-14 dating of sediment: A comparison with established techniques SO RADIOCARBON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Radiocarbon Conference CY JUN 18-23, 2000 CL JERUSALEM, ISRAEL C1 Univ Arizona, NSF Arizona AMS Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Geol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Bentley Coll, Dept Nat Sci, Waltham, MA 02154 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP McGeehin, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM mcgeehin@usgs.gov; burr@u.arizona.edu; southon1@llnl.gov RI Gosse, John/B-4934-2012 NR 5 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 10 PU UNIV ARIZONA DEPT GEOSCIENCES PI TUCSON PA RADIOCARBON 4717 E FORT LOWELL RD, TUCSON, AZ 85712 USA SN 0033-8222 J9 RADIOCARBON JI Radiocarbon PY 2001 VL 43 IS 2A BP 255 EP 261 PN 1 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 531YC UT WOS:000174444000019 ER PT J AU Kalin, RM Hamilton, JTG Harper, DB Miller, LG Lamb, C Kennedy, JT Downey, A McCauley, S Goldstein, AH AF Kalin, RM Hamilton, JTG Harper, DB Miller, LG Lamb, C Kennedy, JT Downey, A McCauley, S Goldstein, AH TI Continuous flow stable isotope methods for study of delta C-13 fractionation during halomethane production and degradation SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID CHLORINE EMISSIONS INVENTORY; METHYL-BROMIDE; REACTIVE CHLORINE; CHLOROMETHANE; HALIDES; BIOSYNTHESIS; ATMOSPHERE; OXIDATION; COASTAL; FUNGI AB Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/MS/IRMS) methods for delta C-13 measurement of the halomethanes CH3Cl,CH3Br, CH3I and methanethiol (CH3SH) during studies of their biological production, biological degradation, and abiotic reactions are presented. Optimisation of gas chromatographic parameters allowed the identification and quantification of CO2, O-2, CH3Cl, CH3Br, CH3I and CH3SH from a single sample, and also the concurrent measurement of delta C-13 for each of the halomethanes and methanethiol. Precision of delta C-13 measurements for halomethane standards decreased (+/-0.3, +/-0.5 and +/-1.3 parts per thousand) with increasing mass (CH3Cl, CH3Br, CH3I, respectively). Given that carbon isotope effects during biological production, biological degradation and some chemical (abiotic) reactions can be as much as 100 parts per thousand, stable isotope analysis offers a precise method to study the global sources and sinks of these halogenated compounds that are of considerable importance to our understanding of stratospheric ozone destruction. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Civil Engn, Environm Engn Res Ctr, Belfast BT9 5AG, Antrim, North Ireland. Queens Univ Belfast, QUESTOR Ctr, Belfast BT9 5AG, Antrim, North Ireland. Dept Agr No Ireland, Belfast BT9 5PX, Antrim, North Ireland. Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Agr & Food Sci, Microbial Biochem Sect, Belfast BT9 5PX, Antrim, North Ireland. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kalin, RM (reprint author), Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Civil Engn, Environm Engn Res Ctr, Belfast BT9 5AG, Antrim, North Ireland. RI Goldstein, Allen/A-6857-2011; Kalin, Robert/E-8620-2011 OI Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; NR 28 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP 357 EP 363 DI 10.1002/rcm.219 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 410GG UT WOS:000167431800008 PM 11241767 ER PT J AU Madonna, AJ Basile, F Furlong, E Voorhees, KJ AF Madonna, AJ Basile, F Furlong, E Voorhees, KJ TI Detection of bacteria from biological mixtures using immunomagnetic separation combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID WHOLE CELLS; IDENTIFICATION; MALDI; HELICOBACTER; STRAINS; BEADS; FOOD AB A rapid method for identifying specific bacteria from complex biological mixtures using immunomagnetic separation coupled to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry has been developed. The technique employs commercially available magnetic beads coated with polycolonal antibodies raised against specific bacteria and whole cell analysis by MALDI-MS. A suspension of a bacterial mixture is mixed with the immunomagnetic beads specific for the target microorganism. After a short incubation period (20 mins) the bacteria captured by the beads are washed, resuspended in deionized H2O and directly applied onto a MALDI probe. Liquid suspensions containing bacterial mixtures can be screened within Ih total analysis time. Positive tests result in the production of a fingerprint mass spectrum primarily consisting of protein biomarkers characteristic of the targeted microorganism. Using this procedure, Salmonella choleraesuis was isolated and detected from standard bacterial mixtures and spiked samples of river water, human urine, and chicken blood. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Voorhees, KJ (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 29 TC 56 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 16 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2001 VL 15 IS 13 BP 1068 EP 1074 DI 10.1002/rcm.344 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 448PQ UT WOS:000169636200006 PM 11404843 ER PT J AU Hardison, BS Layzer, JB AF Hardison, BS Layzer, JB TI Relations between complex hydraulics and the localized distribution of mussels in three regulated rivers SO REGULATED RIVERS-RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE freshwater mussels; hydraulics; microhabitats; recruitment ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; MICROHABITAT USE; BIVALVIA; UNIONIDAE; HEMISPHERES; MOLLUSCA; ECOLOGY; BENTHOS; FAUNA AB A stratified random sampling design was used to examine the relations between selected hydraulic variables and the density of unionids at five sites on the Green, Licking, and Rough Rivers of Kentucky. We located the strata to ensure that samples occurred in a wide range of hydraulic conditions at each site. Eight 0.25 m(2) quadrat samples were collected from each 25 m(2) stratum. We measured mean water column velocity, depth, and substrate roughness before we sampled each quadrat. 'Fliesswasserstammtisch' (FST) hemispheres were used to estimate shear stress. In all, we collected 798 individuals of 28 species of freshwater mussels. Simple hydraulic characteristics of our study sites were not correlated consistently with mussel density. For instance, water depth and mussel density were positively correlated in the Green River, negatively correlated in the Rough River, and not significantly correlated in the Licking River. In contrast, we found consistent negative correlations in all rivers between mussel density and complex hydraulic variables, such as shear velocity and FST hemisphere number. We believe that the limited recruitment observed in these rivers may have resulted from operation of upstream flood control darns that altered flow regimes seasonally. We suspect that the increased discharge during spring and early summer resulted in shear forces sufficiently high on mussel beds to prevent settlement of newly metamorphosed juveniles. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Tennessee Technol Univ, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Biol Resources Div, US Geol Survey, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Layzer, JB (reprint author), Tennessee Technol Univ, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Biol Resources Div, US Geol Survey, POB 5114, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. NR 22 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 3 U2 20 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0886-9375 J9 REGUL RIVER JI Regul. Rivers-Res. Manage. PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 17 IS 1 BP 77 EP 84 DI 10.1002/1099-1646(200101/02)17:1<77::AID-RRR604>3.3.CO;2-J PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 401BF UT WOS:000166906500006 ER PT S AU Jones, JW AF Jones, JW BE Owe, M Braubaker, K Ritchie, J Rango, A TI Image and in situ data integration to derive sawgrass density for surface flow modelling in the Everglades, Florida, USA SO REMOTE SENSING AND HYDROLOGY 2000 SE IAHS PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Remote Sensing and Hydrology 2000 CY APR 02-07, 2000 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Int Commiss Remote Sensing, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci DE biomass; Florida Everglades; USA multispectral; NDVI; sawgrass; spatial autocorrelation; vegetation quadrats AB The US Geological Survey is building models of the Florida Everglades to be used in managing south Florida surface water flows for habitat restoration and maintenance. Because of the low gradients in the Everglades, vegetation structural characteristics are very important and greatly influence surface water flow and distribution. Vegetation density is being evaluated as an index of surface resistance to flow. Digital multispectral videography (DMSV) has been captured over several sites just before field collection of vegetation data. Linear regression has been used to establish a relationship between normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values computed from the DMSV and field-collected biomass and density estimates. Spatial analysis applied to the DMSV data indicates that thematic mapper (TM) resolution is at the limit required to capture land surface heterogeneity. The TM data collected close to the time of the DMSV will be used to derive a regional sawgrass density map. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Jones, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 1-901502-46-5 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2001 IS 267 BP 507 EP 512 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BT42U UT WOS:000172971600105 ER PT J AU Willard, DA Weimer, LM Riegel, WL AF Willard, DA Weimer, LM Riegel, WL TI Pollen assemblages as paleoenvironmental proxies in the Florida Everglades SO REVIEW OF PALAEOBOTANY AND PALYNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Everglades; South Florida; pollen surface samples; Holocene; paleoecology ID UNITED-STATES; RECONSTRUCTION; VEGETATION; CLIMATE; CALIBRATION; PATTERNS; SAMPLES AB Analysis of 170 pollen assemblages from surface samples in eight vegetation types in the Florida Everglades indicates that these wetland sub-environments are distinguishable from the pollen record and that they are useful proxies for hydrologic and edaphic parameters. Vegetation types sampled include sawgrass marshes, cattail marshes, sloughs with floating aquatics, wet prairies, brackish marshes, tree islands, cypress swamps, and mangrove forests. The distribution of these vegetation types is controlled by specific environmental parameters, such as hydrologic regime, nutrient availability, disturbance level, substrate type, and salinity; ecotones between vegetation types may be sharp. Using R-mode cluster analysis of pollen data, we identified diagnostic species groupings; Q-mode cluster analysis was used to differentiate pollen signatures of each vegetation type. Cluster analysis and the modern analog technique were applied to interpret vegetational and environmental trends over the last mio millennia at a site in Water Conservation Area 3A. The results show that close modem analogs exist for assemblages in the core and indicate past hydrologic changes at the site, correlated with both climatic and land-use changes. The ability to differentiate marshes with different hydrologic and edaphic requirements using the pollen record facilitates assessment of relative impacts of climatic and anthropogenic changes on this wetland ecosystem on smaller spatial and temporal scales than previously were possible. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Inst & Museum Geol & Palaontol, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. RP Willard, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 926A Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 58 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0034-6667 J9 REV PALAEOBOT PALYNO JI Rev. Palaeobot. Palynology PD JAN PY 2001 VL 113 IS 4 BP 213 EP 235 DI 10.1016/S0034-6667(00)00042-7 PG 23 WC Plant Sciences; Paleontology SC Plant Sciences; Paleontology GA 423FR UT WOS:000168165200001 ER PT S AU Wahl, KL AF Wahl, KL BE Falconer, RA Blain, WR TI Changes in flow in the upper North Canadian River basin of western Oklahoma, pre-development to 2000 SO RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT SE INTERNATIONAL SERIES ON PROGRESS IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on River Basin Management CY SEP, 2001 CL CARDIFF, WALES SP Wessex Inst Technol, Cardiff Univ AB Water levels have declined in the southern part of the High Plains aquifer of the central USA since the mid-1960s in response to extensive irrigation development. The North Canadian River originates in western Oklahoma, and most of the basin is underlain by the High Plains aquifer. Average river flow in the headwaters near Guymon, Oklahoma, has decreased from about 0.9 m(3)/s before 1970 to near zero at present. Canton Lake, on the North Canadian River near Seiling, about 250 km downstream from Guymon, is a source of water supply for Oklahoma City. Precipitation data and streamflow data for gages upstream from Canton Lake were divided into an "early" period ending in 1971 and a "recent" period that begins in 1978. The early period represents conditions before ground-water levels had declined appreciably in the High Plains aquifer, and the recent period reflects the current condition, including the effects of storage reservoirs. Tests for trend and comparisons of flows between the early and recent periods show that the total annual volume of flow and the magnitudes of instantaneous annual peak discharges measured at most locations in the North Canadian River basin have decreased. Precipitation records for the area, however, show no corresponding changes. The decreases in average annual flow, expressed as a percentage of the average flows for the early period, ranged from 91 percent near Guymon to 37 percent near Canton Lake. A major contributing factor in the decreased flows appears to be the large declines in water levels in the High Plains aquifer. C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Wahl, KL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1461-6513 BN 1-85312-876-7 J9 INT SER PROG WAT RES PY 2001 VL 5 BP 73 EP 81 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BT38N UT WOS:000172833000008 ER PT B AU Nelson, JM Schmeeckle, MW Shreve, RL McLean, SR AF Nelson, JM Schmeeckle, MW Shreve, RL McLean, SR BE Seminara, G Blondeaux, P TI Sediment entrainment and transport in complex flows SO RIVER, COASTAL AND ESTUARINE MORPHODYNAMICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on River, Coastal and Estuarine Morphodynamics CY SEP 06-10, 1999 CL GENOA, ITALY SP IAHR ID 2-DIMENSIONAL BED FORMS; TURBULENCE STRUCTURE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; MEAN FLOW; MECHANICS; DUNES AB Predicting the entrainment and transport rates of sediment grains making up an erodible bed underlying an arbitrary flow field requires a mechanistic understanding of the coupling between the flow and the forces on sediment grains. To help develop such an understanding, a suite of flow and sediment-transport experiments are described; these may be loosely divided into two categories. First, measurements of near-bed How structure and sediment motion in a variety of spatially or temporally accelerating flows are used to show the manner in which changes in flow structure can impact sediment entrainment and transport. Second, direct high-frequency measurements of lift and drag on sediment particles in various turbulent flows are used to make a more direct connection between near-bed flow structure and sediment dynamics. Taken together, these experiments show how even changes in turbulence structure due to spatial and/or temporal accelerations can have a significant effect on the sediment-transport field. Finally, a method is briefly outlined for predicting sediment motion under arbitrary flows using either measured near-bed velocity time series or flow information predicted from direct numerical simulations or large-eddy simulations. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Nelson, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-41839-3 PY 2001 BP 11 EP 35 PG 25 WC Geology; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BS87P UT WOS:000171310700002 ER PT B AU Savage, WZ Morin, RH AF Savage, WZ Morin, RH BE Elsworth, D Tinucci, JP Heasley, KA TI Effects of valley topography on principal stress orientations SO ROCK MECHANICS IN THE NATIONAL INTEREST, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th US Rock Mechanics Symposium (DC Rocks 2001) CY JUL 07-10, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Rock Mech Assoc ID LONG SYMMETRIC RIDGES; STATE; CRUST AB Recent field studies conducted in a valley setting have provided direct evidence of an exchange with depth in the orientations of the two horizontal principal stresses, S-HMAX and S-HMIN, This observed 90-degree rotation with depth of S-HMAX and S-HMIN beneath a valley is predicted by a previously developed analytical model for the effect of topography on near-surface tectonic and gravitational stress fields in idealized, isolated, symmetric valleys. These new modeling results demonstrate that valley topography may cause significant local perturbation of regional stress fields; effects that should be considered whenever regional stress orientations are inferred from near-surface hydraulic fracturing experiments and/or from well-bore breakout data. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Savage, WZ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-2651-827-7 PY 2001 BP 1397 EP 1400 PG 4 WC Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BT08E UT WOS:000171891200184 ER PT B AU van Wagtendonk, JW AF van Wagtendonk, JW BE Watson, A Sproull, J TI Role of science in sustainable management of yosemite wilderness SO SCIENCE AND STEWARDSHIP TO PROTECT AND SUSTAIN WILDERNESS VALUES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th World Wilderness Congress Symposium CY NOV 02-08, 2001 CL Port Elizabeth, SOUTH AFRICA SP Aldo Leopoid Wilderness Res Inst, USDA, Forest Serv Rocky Mt Res Stn ID NATIONAL-PARK; IDEA AB Since its earliest occupation by Euro-Americans, scientific information has been instrumental in the designation and management of Yosemite as a National Park and as Wilderness. Descriptive at first, but increasingly sophisticated as theories and methods evolved, science has been the underpinning of the protection and sustainable management of Yosemite National Park and the Yosemite Wilderness. As visitor use increases, it will be critically important that the wilderness resource and the wilderness experience be perpetuated unimpaired for future generations. This paper traces the role science has played in the history of the Park, in the current management of the Yosemite Wilderness, and the role it might have in the future. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, El Portal, CA 95318 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2001 IS 27 BP 225 EP 230 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BAD45 UT WOS:000221665300036 ER PT J AU Groat, CG AF Groat, CG TI The US geological survey: Integrated science to meet America's needs SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, Washington, DC 20242 USA. RP Groat, CG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Washington, DC 20242 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 42 IS 1 BP 34 EP 37 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 398TG UT WOS:000166772000012 ER PT B AU Stehn, RA Rivera, KS Fitzgerald, S Wohl, KD AF Stehn, RA Rivera, KS Fitzgerald, S Wohl, KD BE Melvin, EF Parrish, JK TI Incidental catch of seabirds by longline fisheries in Alaska SO SEABIRD BYCATCH: TRENDS,ROADBLOCKS AND SOLUTIONS SE UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA SEA GRANT COLLEGE PROGRAM REPORT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Annual Meeting of the Pacific-Seabird-Group CY FEB 26-27, 1999 CL BLAINE, WA SP Pacific Seabird Grp, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Portland Migrator Bird Off ID MORTALITY AB The incidental catch of seabirds by longline fisheries is a conservation issue in Alaska. National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) certified observers record seabirds and fish species caught by longline fisheries for Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) and other groundfish in the Bering Sea/Aleutian Islands (BSAI) and Gulf-of Alaska (GOA). Total estimated annual mortality of seabirds in the Alaskan longline groundfish fisheries was 14,000 birds between 1993 and 1997, ranging from 9,400 birds in 1993 to 20,200 birds in 1995. Approximately 83% of the take occurred in the BSAI region. The estimated annual bycatch rate was 0.090 birds per 1,000 hooks in the BSAI and 0.057 birds per 1,000 hooks in the GOA regions between 1993 and 1997. Northern Fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) represented about 66% of the total estimated bycatch of all bird species, gulls (Larus hyperboreus, L. glaucescens) contributed 18%, while Laysan Albatrosses (Phoebastria immutabilis) accounted for 5% and Black-footed Albatrosses (P. nigripes) were about 4% of the total. During the period from 1993 to 1997, only one Short-tailed Albatross (P. albatrus) was recorded in the observer sample and the estimated annual take averaged 1 for this species. NMFS implemented regulations in May 1997 requiring longline groundfish vessels to use seabird avoidance measures, and in 1998, similar regulations were enacted for the Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) fishery. Continued data collection by NMFS-certified observers and improved data analyses will allow the effectiveness of these bird avoidance measures to be monitored. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Stehn, RA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV ALASKA SEA GRANT PI FAIRBANKS PA POB 755040, 205 ONEILL BLDG, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775 USA BN 1-56612-066-7 J9 UASGCP REP PY 2001 VL 2001 IS 1 BP 61 EP 77 PG 17 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA BS49J UT WOS:000170086700006 ER PT B AU Hooge, PN Eichenlaub, WM Solomon, EK AF Hooge, PN Eichenlaub, WM Solomon, EK BE Kruse, GH Bez, N Booth, A Dorn, MW Hills, S Lipcius, RN Pelletier, D Roy, C Smith, SJ Witherell, D TI Using GIS to analyze animal movements in the marine environment SO SPATIAL PROCESSES AND MANAGEMENT OF MARINE POPULATIONS SE Lowell Wakefield Fisheries Symposia Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Spatial Processes and Management of Marine Populations CY OCT 27-30, 1999 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Alaska Dept Fish & Game, N Pacific Fishery Management Council, US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Alaska Sea Grant Coll Program, Univ Alaska Fairbanks ID HOME-RANGE; HABITAT SELECTION; ESTIMATORS; SIZE AB Advanced methods for analyzing animal movements have been little used in the aquatic research environment compared to the terrestrial. In addition, despite obvious advantages of integrating geographic information systems (GIS) with spatial studies of animal movement behavior, movement analysis tools have not been integrated into GIS for either aquatic or terrestrial environments. We therefore developed software that integrates one of the most commonly used GIS programs (ArcView((R))) with a large collection of animal movement analysis tools. This application, the Animal Movement Analyst Extension (AMAE), can be loaded as an extension to ArcView((R)) under multiple operating system platforms (PC, Unix, and Mac OS). It contains more than 50 functions, including parametric and nonparametric home range analyses, random walk models, habitat analyses, point and circular statistics, tests of complete spatial randomness, tests for autocorrelation and sample size, point and line manipulation tools, and animation tools. This paper describes the use of these functions in analyzing animal location data; some limited examples are drawn from a sonic-tracking study of Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) in Glacier Bay, Alaska. The extension is available on the Internet at www.absc.usgs.gov/glba/gistools/index.htm. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Glacier Bay Field Stn, Gustavus, AK 99826 USA. RP Hooge, PN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Glacier Bay Field Stn, Gustavus, AK 99826 USA. EM philip_hooge@usgs.gov NR 29 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV ALASKA SEA GRANT PI FAIRBANKS PA POB 755040, 205 ONEILL BLDG, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775 USA BN 1-56612-068-3 J9 LOW WAKE FI PY 2001 VL 17 BP 37 EP 51 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BU03H UT WOS:000174771600003 ER PT J AU Shanks, WC AF Shanks, WC TI Stable Isotopes in Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems: Vent fluids, hydrothermal deposits, hydrothermal alteration, and microbial processes SO STABLE ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY SE REVIEWS IN MINERALOGY & GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; DE-FUCA-RIDGE; LIQUID WATER EQUILIBRATION; AQUEOUS SALT-SOLUTIONS; TAUPO VOLCANIC ZONE; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; RED-SEA BRINES; SULFUR-ISOTOPE; GUAYMAS BASIN C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Shanks, WC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 973 Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 177 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 3 U2 25 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW, SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-5274 USA SN 1529-6466 J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM PY 2001 VL 43 BP 469 EP 525 DI 10.2138/gsrmg.43.1.469 PG 57 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA BT79K UT WOS:000174072300008 ER PT B AU Smith, BL Dieni, JS Rogers, RL Anderson, SH AF Smith, BL Dieni, JS Rogers, RL Anderson, SH GP USDA USDA TI Effects of ungulate browsing on aspen regeneration in northwestern Wyoming SO SUSTAINING ASPEN IN WESTERN LANDSCAPES: SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Symposium on Sustaining Aspen in Western Landscapes CY JUN 13-15, 2000 CL GRAND JUNCTION, CO SP USDA, Forest Serv, USGS, Biol Resources Div, USDI, Natl Pk Serv, Colorado Div Wildlife, Colorado State Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Elk Fdn, Colorado State Univ, Univ Wyoming, Utah State Univ, Northern Arizona Univ, Univ Alberta C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Elk Refuge, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 USDA ROCKY PY 2001 IS 18 BP 163 EP 163 PG 1 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BS93B UT WOS:000171432000015 ER PT B AU Chong, GW Simonson, SE Stohlgren, TJ Kalkhan, MA AF Chong, GW Simonson, SE Stohlgren, TJ Kalkhan, MA GP USDA USDA TI Biodiversity: Aspen stands have the lead, but will nonnative species take over? SO SUSTAINING ASPEN IN WESTERN LANDSCAPES: SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Sustaining Aspen in Western Landscapes CY JUN 13-15, 2000 CL GRAND JUNCTION, CO SP USDA, Forest Serv, USGS, Biol Resources Div, USDI, Natl Pk Serv, Colorado Div Wildlife, Colorado State Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Elk Fdn, Colorado State Univ, Univ Wyoming, Utah State Univ, Northern Arizona Univ, Univ Alberta ID PLANT DIVERSITY; CENTRAL GRASSLANDS; NATIONAL-PARK; RANGE; ELK AB We investigated vascular plant and butterfly diversity in Rocky Mountain National Park. We identified 188 vascular plant species unique to the aspen vegetation type. The slope of the mean species-area curve for the aspen vegetation type was the steepest of the 10 types sampled, thus, an increase in aspen area could have much greater positive impacts on plant species richness than other vegetation types. Aspen plots contained the greatest number of butterfly species and ranked highest with all diversity indices tested. However, aspen plots were the most heavily invaded by nonnative plant species, which could have negative effects on native plant and butterfly species diversity. C1 Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Chong, GW (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 USDA ROCKY PY 2001 IS 18 BP 261 EP 271 PG 11 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BS93B UT WOS:000171432000025 ER PT J AU Smogor, RA Angermeier, PL AF Smogor, RA Angermeier, PL TI Determining a regional framework for assessing biotic integrity of Virginia streams SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FISH ASSEMBLAGES; CANONICAL CORRELATIONS; AQUATIC ECOREGIONS; WISCONSIN STREAMS; COMMUNITIES; CLASSIFICATION; CONSERVATION; ASSOCIATION; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY AB The utility of an index of biotic integrity (IBI) depends on its ability to distinguish anthropogenic effects on biota amid natural biological variability. To enhance this ability, we examined fish assemblage data from least-disturbed stream sites in Virginia to determine the best way to regionally stratify natural variation in candidate IBI metrics and their scoring criteria. Specifically, we examined metric variation among physiographic regions, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ecoregions, and drainage basins to judge their utility as regions in which to develop and use distinct versions of the IBI for Virginia warmwater streams. Statewide, metrics differed most among physiographic regions thus, we recommend their use as IBI regions. Largest differences were found for taxonomic metrics between coastal plain and mountain sites, particularly in numbers of native minnow (Cyprinidae), sunfish (Centrarchidae), and darter (Percidae) species. Trophic and reproductive metrics also differed between coastal plain and more-upland streams, presumably reflecting differences in functional adaptations of fishes to upland versus lowland stream habitats. We suggest three preliminary regional IBIs for Virginia, each having a distinctive set of taxonomic, trophic, and reproductive metrics and corresponding scoring criteria. C1 US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Illinois Dept Natl Res, Springfield, IL 62702 USA. RP Angermeier, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 85 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 130 IS 1 BP 18 EP 35 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(2001)130<0018:DARFFA>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 430BM UT WOS:000168553700002 ER PT J AU Perry, RW Adams, NS Rondorf, DW AF Perry, RW Adams, NS Rondorf, DW TI Buoyancy compensation of juvenile chinook salmon implanted with two different size dummy transmitters SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; RADIO TRANSMITTERS; BEHAVIOR; GROWTH AB We investigated the effect of two different sizes of surgically implanted transmitters on the buoyancy compensation of juvenile chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. We determined buoyancy by measuring the density of fish with a filled air bladder in graded salinity baths. In addition, we examined the effect of pressure changes on buoyancy by measuring the pressure reduction (P-R) at which fish became neutrally buoyant. We found no significant difference between the density of control and tagged groups, indicating that fish were able to compensate for the transmitter by filling their air bladders. However, both groups of tagged fish had significantly lower P-R than control fish. Regression analysis of fish density on P-R indicated that density of the tagged groups changed at a higher rate than that of the controls. As a result, tagged fish attained neutral buoyancy with less pressure reduction even though the tagged and control groups exhibited similar densities. This relation was confirmed by using Boyle's law to simulate buoyancy changes with change in depth. Although fish compensated for the transmitter, changes in depth affected the buoyancy of tagged fish more than that of untagged fish. Reduced buoyancy at depth may affect the behavior and physiology of tagged juvenile salmonids, and researchers should be aware of this potential bias in telemetry data. In addition, there was little difference in P-R or the slope of the density -P-R regression lines between tagged groups. This was caused by the small difference in excess mass (i.e., weight in water) of the two transmitters. Thus, although two transmitters may not weigh the same, their effects on buoyancy may be similar depending on the excess mass. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Biol Res Div, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Adams, NS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Biol Res Div, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. NR 28 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 130 IS 1 BP 46 EP 52 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(2001)130<0046:BCOJCS>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 430BM UT WOS:000168553700004 ER PT J AU Fontenot, QC Rutherford, DA Kelso, WE AF Fontenot, QC Rutherford, DA Kelso, WE TI Effects of environmental hypoxia associated with the annual flood pulse on the distribution of larval sunfish and shad in the Atchafalaya River Basin, Louisiana SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED-OXYGEN CONCENTRATIONS; AQUATIC HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS; FISH LARVAE; ABUNDANCE; SURVIVAL; VULNERABILITY; TEMPERATURE; HYDROLOGY; PREDATION; ILLINOIS AB The Atchafalaya River basin (ARB) is a hardwood floodplain swamp associated with the Atchafalaya River in Louisiana. When the ARE is inundated by the river's annual spring hood pulse, the decomposition of organic matter causes hundreds of hectares to become hypoxic (dissolved oxygen [DO] less than or equal to 2.0 mg/L). During this time hypoxic conditions are variable, but they often persist from April through June in more than 50% of the lower ARE. Because for most fishes in the ARB reproduction occurs on the floodplain during the flood pulse, hypoxic conditions may severely impact larval fish abundances. We examined the relationships between larval fish abundance and hypoxic conditions in the ARE during 1994 and 1995. Of the 5,389 larval fishes from 14 taxa that were collected, sunfish Lepomis spp. (73.9%) and shad Dorosoma spp. (19.1%) dominated the assemblage during both years. Overall, there was a strong positive relationship between DO level and the presence of larval sunfish and shad. Higher DO levels were most strongly associated with the presence of larval sunfish in 1994 but with the presence of larval shad in 1995. These abundance patterns appear to be related to differences in ARB inundation during the 1994 and 1995 hood pulses. The mean monthly river stage for 1994 was consistent with a 34-year average, but the mean monthly river stage in 1995 was significantly lower in April and higher in June. These differences in timing and duration of the flood pulse appeared to have important consequences for the reproduction of sunfish and shad in the ARB. Both sunfish and shad larvae were collected almost immediately after local conditions (e.g., turbulence and increasing primary production) caused hypoxic areas to become normoxic (DO > 2.0 mg/L). These abundance patterns suggest that larvae were present in adjacent littoral macrophytes that served as DO refugia. Because widespread hypoxia limits the nursery potential of large areas of the inundated floodplain, the reproductive success of many ARE fishes would benefit from a water management plan designed to increase the exchange of water between the main channel and backwater areas. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Sch Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Fontenot, QC (reprint author), Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM qfonten@lulemson.edu NR 41 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 130 IS 1 BP 107 EP 116 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(2001)130<0107:EOEHAW>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 430BM UT WOS:000168553700009 ER PT J AU TeWinkel, LM Fleischer, GW AF TeWinkel, LM Fleischer, GW TI Vertical migration of bloaters - Response to comment SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ft Snelling, MN 55111 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48103 USA. RP TeWinkel, LM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1 Fed Dr, Ft Snelling, MN 55111 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 130 IS 1 BP 167 EP 169 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(2001)130<0167:>2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 430BM UT WOS:000168553700017 ER PT S AU Burkett, VR AF Burkett, VR BE Rahm, J McCabe, R TI Climate change in the United States: Implications for fish and wildlife management SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-SIXTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 66th North-American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference CY MAR 16-20, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Boone & Crockett Club, Conservat Fund, Defenders Wildlife, Fed Cartridge Co, Izaak Walton League Amer, Natl Rifle Assoc Amer, Natl Shooting Sports Fdn, Natl Wild Turkey Federat, Rocky Mt Elk Fdn, US Bur Land Management, USDA Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA Forest Serv, USDA Natl Resources Conservat Serv, USDI Bur Reclamat, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Wilderness Soc, Wildlife Soc ID WATER-VAPOR; SEA-ICE; TRENDS; PRECIPITATION; FREQUENCY; CO2; VARIABILITY; ECOSYSTEM; OCEAN C1 USGS Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Forest Ecol Branch, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Burkett, VR (reprint author), USGS Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Forest Ecol Branch, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 2001 BP 275 EP 299 PG 25 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Zoology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BT71X UT WOS:000173844500022 ER PT S AU Westbrooks, RG AF Westbrooks, RG BE Rahm, J McCabe, R TI Potential impacts of global climate changes on the establishment and spread of invasive species SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-SIXTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 66th North-American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference CY MAR 16-20, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Boone & Crockett Club, Conservat Fund, Defenders Wildlife, Fed Cartridge Co, Izaak Walton League Amer, Natl Rifle Assoc Amer, Natl Shooting Sports Fdn, Natl Wild Turkey Federat, Rocky Mt Elk Fdn, US Bur Land Management, USDA Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA Forest Serv, USDA Natl Resources Conservat Serv, USDI Bur Reclamat, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Wilderness Soc, Wildlife Soc C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Whiteville, NC 28472 USA. RP Westbrooks, RG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Whiteville, NC 28472 USA. NR 77 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 TRANS N AM WILDL NAT JI Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Nat. Resour. Conf. PY 2001 BP 344 EP 370 PG 27 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Zoology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BT71X UT WOS:000173844500026 ER PT S AU Zisa, JJ Jackson, GA Chan, J Michaels, J AF Zisa, JJ Jackson, GA Chan, J Michaels, J BE Rahm, J McCabe, R TI Species conservation in the era of New Federalism: Pacific Northwest salmonid 4(d) rules as a model SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-SIXTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 66th North-American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference CY MAR 16-20, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Boone & Crockett Club, Conservat Fund, Defenders Wildlife, Fed Cartridge Co, Izaak Walton League Amer, Natl Rifle Assoc Amer, Natl Shooting Sports Fdn, Natl Wild Turkey Federat, Rocky Mt Elk Fdn, US Bur Land Management, USDA Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA Forest Serv, USDA Natl Resources Conservat Serv, USDI Bur Reclamat, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Wilderness Soc, Wildlife Soc C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lacey, WA USA. RP Zisa, JJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lacey, WA USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 2001 BP 480 EP 497 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Zoology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BT71X UT WOS:000173844500035 ER PT S AU Costa, R Miller, SL Lohr, SM AF Costa, R Miller, SL Lohr, SM BE Rahm, J McCabe, R TI A common sense approach to conserving rare species and their habitats on private lands: Safe harbor and red-cockaded woodpeckers - A case study SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-SIXTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 66th North-American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference CY MAR 16-20, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Boone & Crockett Club, Conservat Fund, Defenders Wildlife, Fed Cartridge Co, Izaak Walton League Amer, Natl Rifle Assoc Amer, Natl Shooting Sports Fdn, Natl Wild Turkey Federat, Rocky Mt Elk Fdn, US Bur Land Management, USDA Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA Forest Serv, USDA Natl Resources Conservat Serv, USDI Bur Reclamat, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Wilderness Soc, Wildlife Soc ID CONSERVATION C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dept Forest Resources, Clemson, SC USA. RP Costa, R (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dept Forest Resources, Clemson, SC USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 2001 BP 498 EP 510 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Zoology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BT71X UT WOS:000173844500036 ER PT S AU Ratnaswamy, MJ Keller, CE Therres, GD AF Ratnaswamy, MJ Keller, CE Therres, GD BE Rahm, J McCabe, R TI Private lands and endangered species: Lessons from the Delmarva fox squirrel in the Chesapeake Bay watershed SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-SIXTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 66th North-American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference CY MAR 16-20, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Boone & Crockett Club, Conservat Fund, Defenders Wildlife, Fed Cartridge Co, Izaak Walton League Amer, Natl Rifle Assoc Amer, Natl Shooting Sports Fdn, Natl Wild Turkey Federat, Rocky Mt Elk Fdn, US Bur Land Management, USDA Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA Forest Serv, USDA Natl Resources Conservat Serv, USDI Bur Reclamat, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Wilderness Soc, Wildlife Soc ID TRANSLOCATION C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Ratnaswamy, MJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, Annapolis, MD USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 2001 BP 598 EP 610 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Zoology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BT71X UT WOS:000173844500043 ER PT B AU Sargeant, GA Ruff, RL AF Sargeant, GA Ruff, RL BE Vaughan, MR Fuller, TK Harris, RB TI Demographic response of black bears at Cold Lake, Alberta, to the removal of adult males SO URSUS, VOL 12 (2001) SE URSUS (SERIES) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Bear Research and Management CY OCT, 1999 CL POIANA BRASOV, ROMANIA DE Alberta; black bear; compensatory mortality; density dependence; limiting factors; mark-recapture; population dynamics; population regulation; Ursus americanus ID DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SURVIVAL; IMPACT AB Previous reports described an increase in population density following the removal of 23 adult and 3 subadult male black bears (Ursus americanus) from a 218-km(2) study area near Cold Lake, Alberta (the CLSA). This finding plays a central role in continuing debates over population regulation in bears, but has been criticized because density estimates were based on assumptions that were not met. Moreover, subsequent discussion has been predicated on conjecture that human exploitation had minimal influence on population dynamics. We used improved methods of mark-recapture and survival analysis with a combination of new and previously published data to resolve these issues. Jolly-Seber estimates suggest numbers of females using the CLSA were relatively stable from 1969 to 1971, then more than doubled when males were captured and euthanized during 1971-72. Numbers remained high until 1975, when they declined abruptly. Similarly, numbers of subadult males captured annually increased disproportionately in 1972 and remained high until 1976, when they also declined. Changes in numbers of subadult males captured indicated changes in local density because they were not caused by changes in capture or settling rates. These findings support previous descriptions of trends in bear density at Cold Lake. However, survival records of 56 bears radiomarked during 1974-77 revealed heavier exploitation than previously suspected. Annual mortality rates of radiomarked bears ranged from 14 to 51%, and humans caused at least 25 of 30 observed deaths. Consequently, an underlying assumption of previous interpretations-that the Cold Lake bear population was naturally regulated near carrying capacity-no longer seems reasonable. Our results suggest that adult males deterred bears in other sex-age groups from using the CLSA; however, we found no evidence that birth or death rates were affected. Thus, the observed increase in local density should not be construed as a density-dependent response. Abrupt changes in local density might not have occurred if males had been removed from a larger area encompassing the CLSA. C1 US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Sargeant, GA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. NR 49 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION BEARRESEARCH & MANAGEMENT PI WEST GLACIER PA GLACIER NATL PK, WEST GLACIER, MT 59936 USA BN 0-944740-09-X J9 URSUS-SERIES PY 2001 VL 12 BP 59 EP 67 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BU92G UT WOS:000177403100008 ER PT S AU Lemeshewsky, GP Schowengerdt, RA AF Lemeshewsky, GP Schowengerdt, RA BE Park, SK Rahman, ZU Schowengerdt, RA TI Landsat 7 thermal-IR image sharpening using an artificial neural network and sensor model SO VISUAL INFORMATION PROCESSING X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Visual Information Processing Conference CY APR 19-20, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE Landsat 7; thermal-IR; neural network; image sharpening; sensor model AB The enhanced thematic mapper (plus) (ETM+) instrument on Landsat 7 shares the same basic design as the TM sensors on Landsats 4 and 5, with some significant improvements. In common are six multispectral bands with a 30-m ground-projected instantaneous field of view (GIFOV). However, the thermal-IR (TIR) band now has a 60-m GIFOV, instead of 120-m. Also, a 15-m panchromatic band has been added. The artificial neural network (NN) image sharpening method described here uses data from the higher spatial resolution ETM+ bands to enhance (sharpen) the spatial resolution of the TIR imagery. It is based on an assumed correlation over multiple scales of resolution, between image edge contrast patterns in the TIR band and several other spectral bands. A multilayer, feedforward NN is trained to approximate TIR data at 60m, given degraded (from 30-m to 60-m) spatial resolution input from spectral bands 7, 5, and 2. After training, the NN output for full-resolution input generates an approximation of a TIR image at 30-m resolution. Two methods are used to degrade the spatial resolution of the imagery used for NN training, and the corresponding sharpening results are compared. One degradation method uses a published sensor transfer function (TF) for Landsat 5 to simulate sensor coarser resolution imagery from higher resolution imagery. For comparison, the second degradation method is simply Gaussian low pass filtering and subsampling, wherein the Gaussian filter approximates the full width at half maximum amplitude characteristics of the TF-based spatial filter. Two fixed-size NNs (that is, number of weights and processing elements) were trained separately with the degraded resolution data, and the sharpening results compared. The comparison evaluates the relative influence of the degradation technique employed and whether or not it is desirable to incorporate a sensor TF model. Preliminary results indicate some improvements for the sensor model-based technique. Further evaluation using a higher resolution reference image and strict application of sensor model to data is recommended. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Lemeshewsky, GP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4083-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4388 BP 181 EP 192 DI 10.1117/12.438256 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BT16L UT WOS:000172293400020 ER PT J AU Reddy, MM Aiken, GR AF Reddy, MM Aiken, GR TI Fulvic acid-sulfide ion competition for mercury ion binding in the Florida Everglades SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Florida Everglades; fulvic acid; ion binding; mercury; mercury speciation; PHREEQC; sulfide ion; WHAM ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; TROPHIC GRADIENT; NATURAL-WATERS; SEEPAGE LAKES; COMPLEXATION; WISCONSIN; METALS; MODEL; SOIL AB Negatively charged functional groups of fulvic acid compete with inorganic sulfide ion for mercury ion binding. This competition is evaluated here by using a discrete site-electrostatic model to calculate mercury solution speciation in the presence of fulvic acid. Model calculated species distributions are used to estimate a mercury-fulvic acid apparent binding constant to quantify fulvic acid and sulfide ion competition for dissolved inorganic mercury (Hg(II)) ion binding. Speciation calculations done with PHREEQC, modified to use the estimated mercury-fulvic acid apparent binding constant, suggest that mercury-fulvic acid and mercury-sulfide complex concentrations are equivalent for very low sulfide ion concentrations (about 10(-11) M) in Everglades' surface water. Where measurable total sulfide concentration (about 10(-7) M or greater) is present in Everglades' surface water, mercury-sulfide complexes should dominate dissolved inorganic mercury solution speciation. In the absence of sulfide ion (for example, in oxygenated Everglades' surface water), fulvic acid binding should dominate Everglades' dissolved inorganic mercury speciation. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Reddy, MM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 41 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PY 2001 VL 132 IS 1-2 BP 89 EP 104 DI 10.1023/A:1012073503678 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 484EK UT WOS:000171677100006 ER PT J AU Saiki, MK Martin, BA Thompson, LD Welsh, D AF Saiki, MK Martin, BA Thompson, LD Welsh, D TI Copper, cadmium, and zinc concentrations in juvenile chinook salmon and selected fish-forage organisms (aquatic insects) in the upper Sacramento River, California SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Chironomidae; Ephemeroptera; fish gut contents; heavy metals; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; Trichoptera ID COEUR-DALENE RIVER; CLARK-FORK RIVER; RAINBOW-TROUT; BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; METALS; WATER; SEDIMENTS; DIETS; MONTANA; IDAHO AB This study assessed the downstream extent and severity of copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), and zinc (Zn) contamination from acid mine drainage on juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and aquatic insects over a roughly 270-km reach of the Sacramento River below Keswick Reservoir. During April-May 1998, salmon were collected from four sites in the river and from a fish hatchery that receives water from Battle Creek. Salmon from river sites were examined for gut contents to document their consumption of various invertebrate taxa, whereas salmon from river sites and the hatchery were used for metal determinations. Midge (Chironomidae) and caddisfly (Trichoptera) larvae and mayfly (Ephemeroptera) nymphs were collected for metal determinations during April-June from river sites and from Battle and Butte creeks. The fish hatchery and Battle and Butte creeks served as reference sites because they had no history of receiving mine drainage. Salmon consumed mostly midge larvae and pupae (44.0%, damp-dry biomass), caddisfly larvae (18.9%), Cladocera (5.8%), and mayfly nymphs (5.7%). These results demonstrated that insects selected for metal determinations were important as fish forage. Dry-weight concentrations of Cu, Cd, and Zn were generally far higher in salmon and insects from the river than from reference sites. Within the river, high metal concentrations persisted as far downstream as South Meridian (the lowermost sampling site). Maximum concentrations of Cd (30.7 mug g(-1)) and Zn (1230 mug g(-1)), but not Cu (87.4 mug g(-1)), in insects exceeded amounts that other investigators reported as toxic when fed for prolonged periods to juvenile salmonids. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Dixon Duty Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sacramento Fish & Wildlife Off, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. RP Saiki, MK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Dixon Duty Stn, 6924 Tremont Rd, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 13 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PY 2001 VL 132 IS 1-2 BP 127 EP 139 DI 10.1023/A:1012096321425 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 484EK UT WOS:000171677100008 ER PT J AU Mecray, EL King, JW Appleby, PG Hunt, AS AF Mecray, EL King, JW Appleby, PG Hunt, AS TI Historical trace metal accumulation in the sediments of an urbanized region of the Lake Champlain watershed, Burlington, Vermont SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE grain size; Lake Champlain; magnetic susceptibility; pollen; radiometric dating; sediment cores; trace metals ID SEVERN ESTUARY; COASTAL SEDIMENTS; NARRAGANSETT BAY; SOUTHWESTERN UK; POLLUTION; ADSORPTION; CS-137; SOILS; RATES; CHRONOLOGY AB This study documents the history of pollution inputs in the Burlington region of Lake Champlain, Vermont using measurements of anthropogenic metals (Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, Cd, and Ag) in four age-dated sediment cores. Sediments record a history of contamination in a region and can be used to assess the changing threat to biota over time and to evaluate the effectiveness of discharge regulations on anthropogenic inputs. Grain size, magnetic susceptibility, radiometric dating and pollen stratigraphy were combined with trace metal data to provide an assessment of the history of contamination over the last 350 yr in the Burlington region of Lake Champlain. Magnetic susceptibility was initially used to identify land-use history for each site because it is a proxy indicator of soil erosion. Historical trends in metal inputs in the Burlington region from the seventeenth through the twentieth centuries are reflected in downcore variations in metal concentrations and accumulation rates. Metal concentrations increase above background values in the early to mid nineteenth century. The metal input rate to the sediments increases around 1920 and maximum concentrations and accumulation rates are observed in the late 1960s. Decreases in concentration and accumulation rate between 1970 and the present are observed for most metals. The observed trends are primarily a function of variations in anthropogenic inputs and not variations in sediment grain size. Grain size data were used to remove texture variations from the metal profiles and results show trends in the anthropogenic metal signals remain. Radiometric dating and pollen stratigraphy provide well-constrained dates for the sediments thereby allowing the metal profiles to be interpreted in terms of land-use history. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Univ Liverpool, Dept Appl Math & Theoret Phys, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. Univ Vermont, Dept Geol, Burlington, VT USA. RP Mecray, EL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Field Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM emecray@usgs.gov NR 86 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 125 IS 1-4 BP 201 EP 230 DI 10.1023/A:1005224425075 PG 30 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 396LV UT WOS:000166638600013 ER PT J AU Barth, GR Illangasekare, TH Hill, MC Rajaram, H AF Barth, GR Illangasekare, TH Hill, MC Rajaram, H TI A new tracer-density criterion for heterogeneous porous media SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NATURAL GRADIENT EXPERIMENT; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; SPATIAL MOMENTS; SAND AQUIFER; CAPE-COD; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SCALE DISPERSION; PLUMES; FLOW; MASSACHUSETTS AB Tracer experiments provide information about aquifer material properties vital for accurate site characterization. Unfortunately, density-induced sinking can distort tracer movement, leading to an inaccurate assessment of material properties. Yet existing criteria for selecting appropriate tracer concentrations are based on analysis of homogeneous media instead of media with heterogeneities typical of held sites. This work introduces a hydraulic-gradient correction for heterogeneous media and applies it to a criterion previously used to indicate density-induced instabilities in homogeneous media. The modified criterion was tested using a series of two-dimensional heterogeneous intermediate-scale tracer experiments and data from several detailed field tracer tests. The intermediate-scale experimental facility (10.0 x 1.2 x 0.06 m) included both homogeneous and heterogeneous (sigma (2)(1nk) =1.22) zones. The held tracer tests were less heterogeneous (0.24 < (2)(1n k) < 0.37), but measurements were sufficient to detect density-induced sinking. Evaluation of the modified criterion using the experiments and field tests demonstrates that the new criterion appears to account for the change in density-induced sinking due to heterogeneity. The criterion demonstrates the importance of accounting for heterogeneity to predict density-induced sinking and differences in the onset of density-induced sinking in two- and three-dimensional systems. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Div Environm Sci & Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Barth, GR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 38 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 37 IS 1 BP 21 EP 31 DI 10.1029/2000WR900287 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 390UM UT WOS:000166315300003 ER PT J AU Rubin, DM Topping, DJ AF Rubin, DM Topping, DJ TI Quantifying the relative importance of flow regulation and grain size regulation of suspended sediment transport alpha and tracking changes in grain size of bed sediment beta SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SURFACE; LOAD; UNIFORM; RIVERS; STRESS; LAYER; SHELF AB To predict changes in sediment transport, it is essential to know whether transport is regulated mainly by changes in flow or by changes in grain size of sediment on the bed. In flows where changes in suspended sediment transport are regulated purely by changes in flow (grain size of bed sediment is constant), increases in flow strength cause increases in both concentration and grain size of sediment in suspension (because stronger flows are able to suspend more sediment and coarser grains). Under this constraint of constant grain size of bed sediment concentration and median diameter of suspended sediment are positively correlated. In contrast, where transport is regulated purely by changes in grain size of sediment on the bed, concentration and median diameter of suspended sediment are negatively correlated (because increasing the median diameter of the bed sediment causes the concentration to decrease while causing the median grain size in suspension to increase). Where both flow strength and grain size on the bed are free to vary, the relation between concentration and grain size in suspension can be used to quantify the importance of grain size regulation relative to flow regulation of sediment transport, a measure defined as alpha. To predict sediment transport in systems that are regulated dominantly by changes in grain size on the bed, it is more useful to measure sediment input events or changes in grain size on the bed than to measure changes in flow. More commonly, grain size of bed sediment may be secondary to flow in regulating transport but may, nevertheless, be important. The relative coarseness of bed sediment (beta) can be measured directly or, like alpha, can be calculated from measurements of concentration and grain size of suspended sediment. C1 US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Rubin, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. NR 46 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 37 IS 1 BP 133 EP 146 DI 10.1029/2000WR900250 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 390UM UT WOS:000166315300013 ER PT B AU Bullen, TD White, AF Childs, CW Horita, J AF Bullen, TD White, AF Childs, CW Horita, J BE Cidu, R TI Reducing ambiguity in isotopic studies using a multi-tracer approach SO WATER-ROCK INTERACTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction CY JUL 10-15, 2001 CL VILLASIMIUS, ITALY SP Int Assoc Geochem & Cosmochem, Italian Natl Res Council, Univ Cagliari, Soc Geochim Italiana ID IRON ISOTOPE; METHANE FORMATION; GRANITOID ROCKS; CO2 REDUCTION; OCEANIC-CRUST; NEW-ZEALAND; FRACTIONATION; SERPENTINIZATION; MINERALOGY; CHEMISTRY AB Naturally-occurring radiogenic and stable isotope tracers are commonly used in studies of water-rock interaction to provide both process and water/solute source information. Several isotope tracers have been proposed as diagnostic process indicators, and have been used for that purpose without a full understanding of important factors controlling their behavior such as isotope distributions and fractionation mechanisms. Experience shows that these initially promising isotope tracers considered alone are likely to provide ambiguous interpretations, and that additional geochemical and/or isotopic constraints are required. Isotope data must be considered in a multi-tracer context if potential ambiguity is to be minimized. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-2651-824-2 PY 2001 BP 19 EP 28 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences; Geology; Water Resources SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BT20E UT WOS:000172263500003 ER PT B AU Berger, BR Wanty, RB Tuttle, ML AF Berger, BR Wanty, RB Tuttle, ML BE Cidu, R TI Scale versus detail in water-rock investigations 2: Field-scale models of fracture networks in mineral deposits SO WATER-ROCK INTERACTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction CY JUL 10-15, 2001 CL VILLASIMIUS, ITALY SP Int Assoc Geochem & Cosmochem, Italian Natl Res Council, Univ Cagliari, Soc Geochim Italiana AB Predicting spatial properties of heterogeneous, mineralized rocks is important for many applications. Because each mineral deposit is unique, any analytical framework for studying coupled, water-rock systems must be sufficiently robust to account for variability within and between areas. Rock-water interactions are difficult to model, but a helpful approach to modeling fracture-controlled flow networks in mineralized rocks is to evaluate mineralized fractures and structural geologic systematics in and around specific mineral-deposit types. We propose that the necessary coupling of deformation, chemical transport, and heat transfer in hydrothermal systems sets constraints on fault and fracture systematics that must occur, and these systematics vary according to mineral-deposit type. We propose a set of field-based systematics at different spatial scales for porphyry-style copper and molybdenum deposits and related veins that help in field sampling design and data analysis. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 964, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-2651-824-2 PY 2001 BP 137 EP 140 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences; Geology; Water Resources SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BT20E UT WOS:000172263500022 ER PT B AU Moench, AF Kharaka, YK AF Moench, AF Kharaka, YK BE Cidu, R TI Analytical model for deep well injection of cold brine into a hot aquifer SO WATER-ROCK INTERACTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction CY JUL 10-15, 2001 CL VILLASIMIUS, ITALY SP Int Assoc Geochem & Cosmochem, Italian Natl Res Council, Univ Cagliari, Soc Geochim Italiana ID PARADOX VALLEY; COLORADO AB An analytical model was used to predict temperature and chemical concentrations that result from the constant injection of cold, hypersaline brine in a hot, deep-seated limestone aquifer. Due to the presence of high concentrations of sulfate and calcium in the brine there is concern that precipitation of anhydrite will occur rendering the aquifer unusable for the planned disposal of the brine that presently contaminates an important surface water supply. The model assumes the aquifer to be a homogeneous, densely fractured system composed of intersecting, highly permeable fractures separated by low-permeability blocks. Based on selected values of aquifer dimensions, and realistic hydraulic, thermal, and chemical properties for the rock and fluid, results show possible locations of the thermal and chemical fronts and/or breakthrough curves. From these results it may be possible, using geochemical modeling, to infer when or where in the aquifer the precipitation of anhydrite is likely to occur and to make recommendations for alleviation of problems related to aquifer plugging. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-2651-824-2 PY 2001 BP 193 EP 196 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences; Geology; Water Resources SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BT20E UT WOS:000172263500036 ER PT B AU Wanty, RB Berger, BR Tuttle, ML AF Wanty, RB Berger, BR Tuttle, ML BE Cidu, R TI Scale versus detail in water-rock investigations 1: A process-oriented framework for studies of natural systems SO WATER-ROCK INTERACTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction CY JUL 10-15, 2001 CL VILLASIMIUS, ITALY SP Int Assoc Geochem & Cosmochem, Italian Natl Res Council, Univ Cagliari, Soc Geochim Italiana AB Studies of water-rock interaction rarely explicitly address the antithetical properties of scale and detail. Explicit treatments of these properties usually rely on statistical methods and focus independently on geological, hydrological, or geochemical data. While these approaches have the power to draw conclusions from large data sets, they lack predictive capability when data sets from other areas are considered, or when perturbations (e.g., climate changes) are imposed on existing data. However, when processes and properties of natural systems are understood, such a predictive capability may be gained. We propose a framework for considering the interaction of scale and detail of spatial and temporal properties of natural systems and processes, applied to mineralized rocks. Weathering of ore-related minerals, especially sulfides, provides the opportunity to trace flow along specific fracture sets, and demonstrates the isolation of some sets from others. Case studies presented in this paper, and its second part (by Berger et al. this volume), demonstrate scale-dependent phenomena in natural systems. Although our approach is qualitative, it allows for an efficient design of field and lab studies, and results in a fully integrated study of natural systems, as it includes geological, hydrological, and geochemical factors. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-2651-824-2 PY 2001 BP 221 EP 224 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences; Geology; Water Resources SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BT20E UT WOS:000172263500043 ER PT B AU Nordstrom, DK AF Nordstrom, DK BE Cidu, R TI A test of aqueous speciation: Measured vs. calculated free fluoride ion activity SO WATER-ROCK INTERACTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction CY JUL 10-15, 2001 CL VILLASIMIUS, ITALY SP Int Assoc Geochem & Cosmochem, Italian Natl Res Council, Univ Cagliari, Soc Geochim Italiana ID NATURAL-WATERS; EQUILIBRIUM AB More than 35 water samples from Yellowstone National Park have been analyzed for free fluoride ion activity by ion-selective electrode (ISE) potentiometry. Sample pH ranged from 2.3 to 9.0 and free fluoride concentrations ranged from <1% to > 99% of total dissolved fluoride. Agreement between computed activities based on the WATEQ4F speciation code and the ISE measured activities was within 1-30% for all samples at or above 10(-6) molal, providing excellent corroboration for chemical speciation models. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. RP US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-2651-824-2 PY 2001 BP 317 EP 320 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences; Geology; Water Resources SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BT20E UT WOS:000172263500066 ER PT B AU White, AF Schulz, MS Vivit, DV Bullen, TD AF White, AF Schulz, MS Vivit, DV Bullen, TD BE Cidu, R TI Disseminated calcite in a global suite of granitic rocks: Correlations with experimental solutes SO WATER-ROCK INTERACTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction CY JUL 10-15, 2001 CL VILLASIMIUS, ITALY SP Int Assoc Geochem & Cosmochem, Italian Natl Res Council, Univ Cagliari, Soc Geochim Italiana AB The rapid dissolution of trace amounts of disseminated calcite in crystalline rocks has important implications in global fluxes of Ca, Sr and inorganic carbon. To determine the range of calcite contents in granitoids, a world wide suite of 100 rock samples are analyzed. Detectable CO, is found in all the samples corresponding to a calcite concentration range of 10(1) to 10(4) ppm. These results confirm the ubiquitous presence of calcite in granitic rocks. No correlation was found between the amount of calcite and major element compositions. Solutes produced from closed-system weathering of the rock samples were dominated by calcite dissolution as evidenced by a 2 to 1 correlation between Ca and alkalinity. Rocks containing elevated calcite reached thermodynamic saturation, which controlled corresponding solute concentrations. A comparison of (SrSr)-Sr-87-Sr-86 ratios indicates that calcite is slightly more radiogenic than plagioclase, suggesting calcite formation during late-stage open-system magmatic cooling. The impact of calcite in natural granitic weathering is dependent both on the amount of calcite initially present and the intensity of weathering which subsequently depletes calcite. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-2651-824-2 PY 2001 BP 435 EP 438 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences; Geology; Water Resources SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BT20E UT WOS:000172263500095 ER PT B AU Evans, WC Sorey, ML Michel, RL Cook, AC Kennedy, BM Busenberg, E AF Evans, WC Sorey, ML Michel, RL Cook, AC Kennedy, BM Busenberg, E BE Cidu, R TI Tracing magmatic carbon in groundwater at Big Springs, Long Valley caldera, USA SO WATER-ROCK INTERACTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction CY JUL 10-15, 2001 CL VILLASIMIUS, ITALY SP Int Assoc Geochem & Cosmochem, Italian Natl Res Council, Univ Cagliari, Soc Geochim Italiana ID CALIFORNIA; DIOXIDE AB Recent studies have suggested that DIC in cold groundwaters may represent a significant fraction of global volcanic carbon emissions. Big Springs, in eastern California, has a flow rate of 9 x 10(4) m(3)/d and forms the headwaters of the Owens River. Its total DIC discharge is 10.1 t/d (as CO2) with a C-14 of 41.5 pmC. Tritium and SF6 indicate an average flow time of < 50 years, so the depletion in C-14 from 117 pmC results from an input of 6.5 t/d of dead carbon. The springs issue from volcanic rocks filling the floor of the 760-ka Long Valley caldera but also drain areas of marine meta-sediments, which could provide dead carbon. Various tracers, both natural ((3) He) and anthropogenic (Cl-, NO3-), suggest that the dead carbon is magmatic and mostly sourced from Mammoth Mountain volcano, the locus of strong CO2 emissions 15 km to the SW. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-2651-824-2 PY 2001 BP 803 EP 806 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences; Geology; Water Resources SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BT20E UT WOS:000172263500185 ER PT B AU Sorey, M Evans, W McGimsey, RG Wemer, C AF Sorey, M Evans, W McGimsey, RG Wemer, C BE Cidu, R TI Magmatic carbon and helium discharge from shrub mud volcano, Copper River basin, southeastern Alaska, USA SO WATER-ROCK INTERACTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction CY JUL 10-15, 2001 CL VILLASIMIUS, ITALY SP Int Assoc Geochem & Cosmochem, Italian Natl Res Council, Univ Cagliari, Soc Geochim Italiana AB Shrub mud volcano, in the Copper River basin of southeastern Alaska, has been erupting warm (50 degreesC) mud and water and CO2-rich gas since 1996. This recent discharge, most of which occurs from vents at the summit, contrasts with historical activity at this and nearby mud volcanoes in having significantly higher temperatures and flow rates. The current rate Of CO2 emission from high-bicarbonate thermal waters at Shrub is similar to 10 t/d, and the estimated rate of CO2 upflow from depth is 20-40 t/d. The chemical and isotopic compositions of the gas and water from both Shrub and adjacent mud volcanoes indicate derivation from similar combination of mantle (magmatic) and crustal (marine sedimentary rock) sources. The recent increases in flow rate and vent temperatures at Shrub have most likely resulted from increases in the permeability in the upflow conduits, rather than increases in magmatic heat and volatile inputs. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-2651-824-2 PY 2001 BP 919 EP 922 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences; Geology; Water Resources SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BT20E UT WOS:000172263500214 ER PT B AU Kharaka, YK Kakouros, EG Miller, JB AF Kharaka, YK Kakouros, EG Miller, JB BE Cidu, R TI Natural and anthropogenic loading of dissolved selenium in Colorado River Basin SO WATER-ROCK INTERACTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction CY JUL 10-15, 2001 CL VILLASIMIUS, ITALY SP Int Assoc Geochem & Cosmochem, Italian Natl Res Council, Univ Cagliari, Soc Geochim Italiana ID IRRIGATION AB Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient, which becomes an environmental toxicant at higher concentrations. Large areas of farmland in Colorado River Basin (CRB) generate salinized drainage with Se concentrations >5 mug/L, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency chronic water-quality criterion for the protection of aquatic life. Almost all of the dissolved Se in the Colorado River and its tributaries is originally derived from the Upper Cretaceous Mancos Shale and equivalent pyritic marine units that outcrop in the Upper CRB. Selenium is mobilized commonly by biogeochemical oxidation of this pyritic shale and is concentrated mainly as selenate (SeO4-2) in soils and agricultural drainage water of dry climates by evaporation. Minor (0-5%) amounts of Se are present as the selenite (HSeO3- & SeO3-2), but these species and the more reduced Se-0 have high sorptive affinity towards organic matter and iron oxyhydroxides. The concentration of Se in the Lower CRB water is constant (similar to2.5 mug/L), but extreme evapotranspiration rates in the Imperial Valley, California, increase Se values in irrigation drainage to up to similar to 300 mug/L. Anthropogenic activities have greatly increased the mobilization and cycling of Se in this Basin. Presently only similar to 20% of dissolved Se load and 47% of total salinity are attributable to natural sources. The bulk of Se load (similar to 70%) results from irrigation, where Se concentrations in drainage water are greatly enhanced by high nitrates from fertilizers. The city of Vernal, Utah sewer lagoons and two coal-fired power plants contribute similar to 10% of total Se. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-2651-824-2 PY 2001 BP 1107 EP 1110 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences; Geology; Water Resources SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BT20E UT WOS:000172263500260 ER PT B AU Ball, JW Runkel, RL Nordstrom, DK AF Ball, JW Runkel, RL Nordstrom, DK BE Cidu, R TI Reactive transport modeling at high-flow - Wightman Fork/Alamosa River, USA SO WATER-ROCK INTERACTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction CY JUL 10-15, 2001 CL VILLASIMIUS, ITALY SP Int Assoc Geochem & Cosmochem, Italian Natl Res Council, Univ Cagliari, Soc Geochim Italiana ID SOLUTE TRANSPORT; STREAMS; SIMULATION; PH AB Reactive-transport processes in a 30-km reach of the Wightman Fork/Alamosa River system downstream of the Summitville Mine, south-central Colorado, USA, were simulated under high-flow conditions using the OTEQ reactive-transport model. Discharge along the stream study-reach increased from 1.17 to 17.0 m(3) s(-1) at high flow. Simulations reveal that Cl, SO4, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Mn, Sr, Si, and F are conservative in the study reach whereas pH, Fe, Al, Cu, and possibly Zn are non-conservative. Simulations allowing redox equilibration of Fe(II/III) and precipitation of hydrous Fe and Al oxides match observed conditions more closely than simulations without redox equilibration or precipitation. Simulation results indicate that sorption is controlling Cu concentrations in the Alamosa River. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. RP US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-2651-824-2 PY 2001 BP 1181 EP 1184 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences; Geology; Water Resources SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BT20E UT WOS:000172263500278 ER PT B AU Ridley, WI Berger, BR Aruscavage, PJ Lichte, FE AF Ridley, WI Berger, BR Aruscavage, PJ Lichte, FE BE Cidu, R TI Environmental consequences of the distribution of trace metals in primary and secondary phases from skarn and vein deposits in the Patagonia Mountains, Arizona SO WATER-ROCK INTERACTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction CY JUL 10-15, 2001 CL VILLASIMIUS, ITALY SP Int Assoc Geochem & Cosmochem, Italian Natl Res Council, Univ Cagliari, Soc Geochim Italiana AB Predicting potential environmental impacts of toxic metals released from mineralized areas requires detailed information on metal geoavailability. Central to the concept of geoavailability is phase distribution of metals. We have used the laser ablation ICP-MS technique to examine the microscopic distribution of trace metals (V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Ag, Cd, Sb, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi) in mineralized samples from skarn and vein deposits in the Patagona Mountains, Arizona. These data demonstrate the details of toxic metal redistribution during secondary alteration. Metal distribution on larger scales can be predicted if the data are collected from systems that represent microcosms of larger fluid-rock processes. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-2651-824-2 PY 2001 BP 1269 EP 1272 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences; Geology; Water Resources SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BT20E UT WOS:000172263500300 ER PT B AU Seal, RR Hammerstrom, JM Meier, AL AF Seal, RR Hammerstrom, JM Meier, AL BE Cidu, R TI Geochemical controls on drainage from massive sulfide mines in the eastern USA SO WATER-ROCK INTERACTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction CY JUL 10-15, 2001 CL VILLASIMIUS, ITALY SP Int Assoc Geochem & Cosmochem, Italian Natl Res Council, Univ Cagliari, Soc Geochim Italiana AB Mine drainage compositions from Kuroko- and Besshi-type massive sulfide deposits in the eastern United States shows systematic variations based on deposit type. Kuroko-type deposits (felsic volcanic and sedimentary host rocks) are dominated by pyrite with lesser chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, and pyrrhotite. Besshi-type deposits (shale and basic igneous host rocks) are dominated by pyrrhotite with lesser pyrite, chalcopyrite, and sphalerite. Surface drainage is characterized by acidic, Fe-sulfate waters, with significant Cu, Zn, Cd, Mn, and Al concentrations. Drainage from Kuroko deposits can have elevated Pb and As, which reflect the mineralogy of the deposits. Weathering of pyrrhotitic ores and wastes under anoxic conditions can yield near-neutral ground waters that are also highly acidic. Modeling indicates that saturation with respect to Fe(OH)(3), Al(OH)(3), gypsum, anglesite, and barite can exert important secondary controls on water chemistry. Gypsum commonly reaches saturation in drainage from Besshi deposits, whereas anglesite commonly reaches saturation in drainage from Kuroko deposits. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-2651-824-2 PY 2001 BP 1273 EP 1276 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences; Geology; Water Resources SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BT20E UT WOS:000172263500301 ER PT B AU Ayuso, RA Callender, E Van Metre, PC AF Ayuso, RA Callender, E Van Metre, PC BE Cidu, R TI Pb isotopes of lake sediments and effects of human activities on water quality SO WATER-ROCK INTERACTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction CY JUL 10-15, 2001 CL VILLASIMIUS, ITALY SP Int Assoc Geochem & Cosmochem, Italian Natl Res Council, Univ Cagliari, Soc Geochim Italiana ID UNITED-STATES; LEAD; ATMOSPHERE; RESERVOIR; POLLUTION; TRACERS; CANADA; CORES AB Pb isotopic compositions of lake sediments from core obtained from White Rock Lake, Texas, enhance our understanding of the impact of human activities in urban settings on water quality. Analyses of mild acid leaches (anthropogenic component) vary systematically as a function of depth and sediment age (from about 1912 to 1996). Isotopic compositions of leached sediments from the bottom of the core overlap those of uncontaminated sediments. Starting about 1950, Pb-208/Pb-207 values recorded an abrupt isotopic disturbance that culminated in the lowest Pb-208/Pb-207 corresponding to the period 1960 to 1970, a time consistent with the highest level of contamination in the reservoir. This disturbance is compatible with change in land use from agricultural (cropland and pasture) to urban. Isotopic changes after 1970 tend toward the composition of natural sediments and generally coincide with the withdrawal of leaded gasoline in the USA. The sediments, however, still retain evidence of contaminants perhaps from remnants of industrial Pb in soils within the watershed. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP US Geol Survey, MS 954 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-2651-824-2 PY 2001 BP 1473 EP 1475 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences; Geology; Water Resources SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BT20E UT WOS:000172263500349 ER PT B AU Verplanck, PL Nordstrom, DK Farmer, GL Unruh, DM Fey, DL AF Verplanck, PL Nordstrom, DK Farmer, GL Unruh, DM Fey, DL BE Cidu, R TI Sr isotopic investigation to determine ground water flow paths, Silverton, Colorado SO WATER-ROCK INTERACTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction CY JUL 10-15, 2001 CL VILLASIMIUS, ITALY SP Int Assoc Geochem & Cosmochem, Italian Natl Res Council, Univ Cagliari, Soc Geochim Italiana ID ND AB Identification of metal sources and determination of hydrologic flow paths in mining impacted basins are important parameters to constrain when evaluating remediation options. The strontium isotopic compositions of a suite of water and rock samples from the Middle Fork Mineral Creek, in the upper Animas River watershed, Colorado were determined to investigate their possible use as a geochemical tracer. Variations in whole-rock Sr-87/Sr-86 correlate with lithology and alteration intensity; for a given alteration assemblage, the porphyritic quartz monzonite has a lower Sr-87/Sr-86 than the surrounding San Juan volcanics, and for a given lithology the Sr-87/Sr-86 is lower for propylitically altered samples than for quartz-sericite-pyrite altered samples. The Sr-87/Sr-86 of waters draining different lithologies and alteration assemblages have different strontium isotopic compositions and correlate with leaching results, but because the age of magmatism and alteration is relatively young (28 - 25 Ma) compared to the half life of Rb-87, the isotopic variation is not great enough to determine mixing ratios. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. RP US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-2651-824-2 PY 2001 BP 1585 EP 1588 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences; Geology; Water Resources SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BT20E UT WOS:000172263500377 ER PT J AU Burkart, M Kolpin, DW Jaquis, R Cole, K AF Burkart, M Kolpin, DW Jaquis, R Cole, K TI Soil characteristics and agrichemicals in groundwater of the Midwestern United States SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st World Water Congress of the International-Water-Association (IWA) CY JUL 03-07, 2000 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Int Water Assoc DE agrichemicals; atrazine; groundwater; nitrate; soil ID AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS; LAND-USE; HERBICIDES; ATRAZINE; WATER AB A comprehensive set of soil characteristics were examined to determine the effect of soil on the transport of agrichemicals to groundwater. This paper examines the relation of soil characteristics to concentrations and occurrence nitrate, atrazine, and atrazine residue from 99 wells completed in unconsolidated aquifers across the Midwestern United States. Soil characteristics that determine the rate of water movement were directly related to the occurrence and concentrations of nitrate and atrazine in groundwater. The substantial differences in the relations found among soil characteristics and nitrate and atrazine in groundwater suggest that different processes affect the transformation, adsorption, and transport of these contaminants. A multi-variable analysis determined that the soil characteristics examined explained the amount of variability in concentrations for nitrate (19%), atrazine (33%), and atrazine residue (29%). These results document that, although soils do affect the transport of agrichemicals to groundwater, other factors such as hydrology, land use, and climate must also be considered to understand the occurrence of agrichemicals in groundwater. C1 Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. RP Burkart, M (reprint author), Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 2001 VL 43 IS 5 BP 251 EP 260 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 425YL UT WOS:000168319200030 PM 11379139 ER PT J AU Johnson, CM Krohn, WB AF Johnson, CM Krohn, WB TI The importance of survey timing in monitoring breeding seabird numbers SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE seabirds; monitoring; power analysis; population trend; breeding; Double-Crested Cormorant; Great Black-backed Gull; Herring Gull; Phalacrocorax auritus; Larus argentatus; Larus marinus ID DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANTS; PHALACROCORAX-ARISTOTELIS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; COLONIAL WATERBIRDS; SPATIAL SCALES; NEW-ENGLAND; MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION; PREDATION; SUCCESS AB We conducted weekly aerial surveys of islands along the central Maine coast from April-June of 1993-1997 and used aerial photographs to determine peak nest count dates for Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus), Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus and Great Black-backed Gulls (Larus marinus). These data also were used to determine the potential effect of survey timing on the ability to detect long-term trends in the abundance of these species. The number of cormorant nests in the study area peaked in mid;Tune, while Great Black-backed and Herring gulls peaked in late May and early June, respectively. Peak nesting dates generally were consistent for each island across years, but varied by up to a month between islands during a given year. A 10-year monitoring program using annual surveys conducted between 23 May and 23 June, or biennial surveys conducted from 2-17 June, would have an 80% probability of detecting annual changes of +/-5% for all three species in this region. C1 Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Johnson, CM (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, 5013 Miller Trunk Highway, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. EM cjohnson@nrri.umn.edu NR 41 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2001 VL 24 IS 1 BP 22 EP 33 DI 10.2307/1522239 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 423NX UT WOS:000168183300004 ER PT S AU McLean, RG Ubico, SR Docherty, DE Hansen, WR Sileo, L McNamara, TS AF McLean, RG Ubico, SR Docherty, DE Hansen, WR Sileo, L McNamara, TS BE White, DJ Morse, DL TI West Nile virus transmission and ecology in birds SO WEST NILE VIRUS: DETECTION, SURVEILLANCE, AND CONTROL SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on West Nile Virus CY APR 05-07, 2001 CL WHITE PLAINS, NEW YORK SP NY Acad Sci, NY State Dept Hlth, NY City Dept Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mushett Family Fdn Inc DE West Nile virus; ecology in birds ID OUTBREAK AB The ecology of the strain of West Nile virus (WNV) introduced into the United States in 1999 has similarities to the native flavivirus, St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) virus, but has unique features not observed with SLE virus or with WNV in the old world. The primary route of transmission for most of the arboviruses in North America is by mosquito, and infected native birds usually do not suffer morbidity or mortality. An exception to this pattern is eastern equine encephalitis virus, which has an alternate direct route of transmission among normative birds, and some mortality of native bird species occurs. The strain of WNV circulating in the northeastern United States is unique In that it causes significant mortality in exotic and native bird species, especially in the American crow (Cori,us brachyrhynchos). Because of the lack of information on the susceptibility and pathogenesis of WNV for this species, experimental studies were conducted at the USGS National Wildlife Health Center. In two separate studies, crows were inoculated with a 1999 New York strain of WNV, and all experimentally infected crows died. In one of the studies, control crows in regular contact with experimentally inoculated crows in the same room but not inoculated with WNV succumbed to infection. The direct transmission between crows was most likely by the oral route. Inoculated crows were viremic before death, and high titers of virus were isolated from a variety of tissues. The significance of the experimental direct transmission among captive crows is unknown. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. RP McLean, RG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. NR 12 TC 110 Z9 119 U1 7 U2 24 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-374-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2001 VL 951 BP 54 EP 57 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Virology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Virology GA BT69H UT WOS:000173778000005 PM 11797804 ER PT J AU Jones, KL Nicolich, JM AF Jones, KL Nicolich, JM TI Artificial insemination in captive whooping cranes: Results from genetic analyses SO ZOO BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE avian; fertilization timing; Grus americana; microsatellite DNA; paternity ID PATERNITY; MARKERS AB Artificial insemination has been used frequently in the captive whooping crane (Grus americana) population. In the 1980s, it was necessary at times to inseminate females with semen from several males during the breeding season or with semen from multiple males simultaneously due to unknown sperm viability of the breeding males. The goals of this study were to apply microsatellite DNA profiles to resolve uncertain paternities and to use these results to evaluate the current paternity assignment assumptions used by captive managers. Microsatellite DNA profiles were successful in resolving 20 of 23 paternity questions. When resolved paternities were coupled with data on insemination timing, substantial information was revealed on fertilization timing in captive whooping cranes. Delayed fertilization from inseminations 6+ days pre-oviposition suggests capability of sperm storage. Zoo Biol 20:331-342, 2001. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Kingsville, TX USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Laurel, MD USA. RP Jones, KL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Biol MC 066, 845 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0733-3188 J9 ZOO BIOL JI Zoo Biol. PY 2001 VL 20 IS 4 BP 331 EP 342 DI 10.1002/zoo.1032 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 484CY UT WOS:000171673700009 ER PT J AU Boyer, EW Hornberger, GM Bencala, KE McKnight, DM AF Boyer, EW Hornberger, GM Bencala, KE McKnight, DM TI Effects of asynchronous snowmelt on flushing of dissolved organic carbon: a mixing model approach SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 57th US/Canadian Annual Eastern Snow Conference CY MAY 17-19, 2000 CL SYRACUSE, NEW YORK DE hydrology; dissolved organic carbon; flow paths; flushing; TOPMODEL ID ALPINE CATCHMENT; STREAM; COLORADO; EXPORT; BASIN; SOIL AB In many snowmelt-dominated catchments, stream dissolved organic carbon (DOC) levels typically increase rapidly as spring melt commences, peak before maximum discharge, and decrease quickly as melting continues. We present data from Deer Creek (Summit County, CO) that shows this distinctive flushing response of DOC during snowmelt runoff, with DOC stored in landscape soils flushed to the stream in response to infiltrating melt waters. Our prior studies show that asynchronous melting of the snowpack across the landscape causes the spring DOC flush to be initiated at different times throughout the catchment. In this study we quantify characteristics of the asynchronous melt and its effect on DOC flushing. We investigated whether a simple mixing model can be used to capture the essentials of the asynchronous melting of a seasonal snowpack and its controls on DOC transport. We divided the catchment into zones of aspect and elevation, which largely determine spatial and temporal variations in the distribution of snow. TOPMODEL was used to simulate the hydrology in each zone, and the simulated flow paths were routed through a simple DOC mixing model to predict contributions of DOC to the stream. The zonal responses were aggregated to give a predicted response of hydrology and DOC fluxes for the entire catchment. Our results indicate that asynchronous melting-which determines the timing of contributions of discharge and DOC to streamflow from different areas of the landscape-can be quantified using a simple modeling approach. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Boyer, EW (reprint author), SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RI Bencala, Kenneth/A-6650-2010; Boyer, Elizabeth/D-6617-2013; OI MCKNIGHT, DIANE/0000-0002-4171-1533 NR 24 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 30 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD DEC 30 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 18 SI SI BP 3291 EP 3308 DI 10.1002/1099-1085(20001230)14:18<3291::AID-HYP202>3.0.CO;2-2 PG 18 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 403DE UT WOS:000167026600008 ER PT J AU Waythomas, CF Miller, TP Beget, JE AF Waythomas, CF Miller, TP Beget, JE TI Record of Late Holocene debris avalanches and lahars at Iliamna Volcano, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Iliamna Volcano; Alaska; debris avalanche; lahar; Late Holocene eruptions; hazards ID FLOW; ERUPTIONS; DEPOSITS AB Iliamna Volcano is a 3053-meter high, glaciated stratovolcano in the southern Cook Inlet region of Alaska and is one of seven volcanoes in this region that have erupted multiple times during the past 10,000 yr. Prior to our studies of Iliamna Volcano, little was known about the frequency, magnitude, and character of Holocene volcanic activity. Here we present geologic evidence of the most recent eruptive activity of the volcano and provide the first outline of Late Holocene debris-avalanche and lahar formation. Iliamna has had no documented historical eruptions but our recent field investigations indicate that the volcano has erupted at least twice in the last 300 yr. Clay-rich lahar deposits dated by radiocarbon to similar to 1300 and similar to 90 yr BP are present in two major valleys that head on the volcano. These deposits indicate that at least two large, possibly deep-seated, flank failures of the volcanic edifice have occurred in the last 1300 yr. Noncohesive lahar deposits likely associated with explosive pyroclastic eruptions date to 2400-1300, >1500, similar to 300, and <305 yr BP. Debris-avalanche deposits from recent and historical small-volume slope failures of the hydrothermally altered volcanic edifice cover most of the major glaciers on the volcano. Although these deposits consist almost entirely of hydrothermally altered rock debris and snow and ice, none of the recently generated debris avalanches evolved to lahars. A clay-rich lahar deposit that formed <90 +/- 60 radiocarbon yr BP and entered the Johnson River Valley southeast of the volcano cannot be confidently related to an eruption of Iliamna Volcano, which has had no known historical eruptions. This deposit may record an unheralded debris avalanche and lahar. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Univ Alaska, Dept Geol & Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Waythomas, CF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, 4230 Univ Dr,Suite 201, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD DEC 30 PY 2000 VL 104 IS 1-4 BP 97 EP 130 DI 10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00202-X PG 34 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 402DR UT WOS:000166971200007 ER PT J AU Smith-Vaniz, WF AF Smith-Vaniz, WF TI A new species of pikeblenny, Chaenopsis megalops, from the southwestern Caribbean (Teleostei : Chaenopsidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB A new species of blennioid fish, Claenopsis megalops, is described from two specimens trawled in 60-72 m off Colombia. Previously confused with C. resh Robins & Randall, 1965, its presumed closest known congener in the western Atlantic, the new species differs in pigmentation pattern, morphometrics, number of vertebrae, gill rakers, and supraorbital Doses. It is the only Atlantic species of Chaenopsis with a single supraorbital pore on each side of the head. The authorship of Chaenopsis Gill, 1865, and its type species, C. ocellata Poey in Gill, 1865, are discussed, as is the publication date of three Gill papers. C1 US Geol Survey, Florida Caribbean Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Smith-Vaniz, WF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Caribbean Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD DEC 29 PY 2000 VL 113 IS 4 BP 918 EP 925 PG 8 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 389YA UT WOS:000166265200007 ER PT J AU Dwyer, GS Cronin, TM Baker, PA Rodriguez-Lazaro, J AF Dwyer, Gary S. Cronin, Thomas M. Baker, Paul A. Rodriguez-Lazaro, Julio TI Changes in North Atlantics deep-sea temperature during climate fluctuations of the last 25,000 years based on ostracode Mg/Ca ratios SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Ostracode; magnesium/calcium ratio; ocean temperature; deep sea; paleothermometer; shell chemistry AB We reconstucted three time series of last glacial-to-present deep-sea temperature from deep and intermediate water sediment cores from the western North Atlantic using Mg/Ca ratios of benthic ostracode shells. Although the Mg/Ca data show considerable variability ("scatter") that is common a single-shell chemical analyses, comparisons between cores, between core top shells and modern bottom water temperatures (BWT), and comparison to other paleo-BWT proxies, among other factors, suggest that multiple-shell average Mg/Ca ratios provide reliable estimates to BWT history at these sites. The BWT records show not only glacial-to-interglacial variations but also indicate BWT changes during the deglacial and within the Holocene interglacial stage. At the deeper sites (4500- and possibly during the Younger Dryas. Maximum deep-sea warming occurred during the latest deglacial and early Holocene, when BWT exceeded modern values by as much as 2.5 degrees C. This warming was apparently most intense around 3000 m, the depth of the modern-day core of North Atlantic deep water (NADW). The BWT significs enhanced NADW influence relative to Antarctic botton water(AABW). Thus maximum NADW production and associated heat flux likely occured during the early Holoccne and decreased abruptly around 6500 years B.P., a finding that is largely consistent with palconutrient studies in the deep North Atlantic. BWT changes in intermediate waters (1000-m water depth) of the subtropical gyre roughly parallel the deep BWT variations including dramatic mid-Holocene cooling of around 4 degrees C. Joint consideration of the Mg/Ca BWT estimates and benthic oxygen isotopes suggests that the cooling was accompanied by a decrease in salinity at this site. Subsequently, intermediate waters warmed to modern values that match those of the early Holocene maximum of similar to 7 degrees C. Intermediate water BWT changes must also be driven by changes in ocean circulation. These results thus provide independent evidence that supports the hypothesis that deep-ocean circulation is closely linked to climate change over a range of timescales regardless of the mean climate state. More generally, the results further demonstrate the potential of benthic Mg/Ca ratios as a tool for reconstucting past ocean and climate conditions. C1 [Dwyer, Gary S.; Baker, Paul A.] Duke Univ, Div Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Cronin, Thomas M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Rodriguez-Lazaro, Julio] Univ Basque Country, Dept Paleontol, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain. RP Dwyer, GS (reprint author), Duke Univ, Div Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM gsd3@duke.edu; tcronin@usgs.gov; pbaker@eos.duke.edu; gpprolaj@lg.ehu.es RI Rodriguez-Lazaro, Julio/F-8583-2016 OI Rodriguez-Lazaro, Julio/0000-0002-7437-6110 FU U.S. National Science Foundation; U.S. Office of Naval Research; U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank D. DeMartino for technical support; E.Klein for use of the Duke University Division of earth and Ocean Sciences DCP-AES laboratory; W.Curry, J. Broda, and P.Mills for sampling assistance; E. A. Boyle, L.D. Keigwin, T. Marchitto for sample splits and/or benthic foraminiferal chemistry data in digital formatm and L. Pratson for constructing the BWT/depth/time grids. This research was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (G.S.D., P.A.B., and T.M.C) and the U.S. Geological Survey (G.S.D. and P.A.B). The U.S. National Science Foundation and U.S. Office of Naval Research provide financial support to The Seafloor Samples Lab of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Thoughtful reviews by K.C. Lohmann and two anonymous reviewers significantly improved the manuscript. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD DEC 28 PY 2000 VL 1 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA V22KL UT WOS:000208274000001 ER PT J AU Novello, A White, D Kramer, L Trimarchi, C Edison, M Morse, D Wallace, B Smith, P Trock, S Stone, W Cherry, B Kellachan, J Kulasekera, B Miller, J Poshni, I Glaser, C Crans, W Sorhage, F Bresnitz, E Andreadis, T French, R Lis, M Nelson, R Mayo, D Carter, M Hadler, J Werner, B DeMaria, A Bandy, U Greenblatt, J Keller, P Levy, M Lesser, C Beyer, R Driscoll, C Johnson, C Krick, J Altman, A Rohn, D Myers, R Montague, L Scaletta, J Roche, J Engber, B Newton, N McPherson, T MacCormack, N Obiri, G Rankin, J Tassler, P Galbraith, P Jenkins, S Stroube, R Wolfe, D Towers, H Meredith, W Hathcock, A Kelley, P Bunning, M AF Novello, A White, D Kramer, L Trimarchi, C Edison, M Morse, D Wallace, B Smith, P Trock, S Stone, W Cherry, B Kellachan, J Kulasekera, B Miller, J Poshni, I Glaser, C Crans, W Sorhage, F Bresnitz, E Andreadis, T French, R Lis, M Nelson, R Mayo, D Carter, M Hadler, J Werner, B DeMaria, A Bandy, U Greenblatt, J Keller, P Levy, M Lesser, C Beyer, R Driscoll, C Johnson, C Krick, J Altman, A Rohn, D Myers, R Montague, L Scaletta, J Roche, J Engber, B Newton, N McPherson, T MacCormack, N Obiri, G Rankin, J Tassler, P Galbraith, P Jenkins, S Stroube, R Wolfe, D Towers, H Meredith, W Hathcock, A Kelley, P Bunning, M CA CDC TI Update: West Nile Virus activity - Eastern United States, 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, pg 1044-1047, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 New York State Dept Agr, Albany, NY 12237 USA. Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Connecticut Dept Agr, Hartford, CT 06106 USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Rhode Isl Dept Hlth, Providence, RI 02908 USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02111 USA. New Hampshire Dept Hlth, Concord, NH 03301 USA. Maryland Dept Agr, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Penn Dept Hlth, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. Vermont Dept Hlth, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. Virginia Dept Hlth, Richmond, VA 23218 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USAF, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. CDC, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Novello, A (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 27 PY 2000 VL 284 IS 24 BP 3119 EP 3120 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 385FZ UT WOS:000165994100012 ER PT J AU Omland, KE Tarr, CL Boarman, WI Marzluff, JM Fleischer, RC AF Omland, KE Tarr, CL Boarman, WI Marzluff, JM Fleischer, RC TI Cryptic genetic variation and paraphyly in ravens SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE paraphyletic species; speciation; phylogeography; mitochondrial DNA; microsatellites; Corvus corax ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA VARIATION; NORTH-AMERICAN CHICKADEES; CONTROL-REGION SEQUENCES; EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; CORVUS-KUBARYI; MARIANA CROW; SPECIATION; PRIMERS; DIVERSIFICATION AB Widespread species that are morphologically uniform may be likely to harbour cryptic genetic variation. Common ravens (Corvus corax) have an extensive range covering nearly the entire Northern Hemisphere, but show little discrete phenotypic variation. We obtained tissue samples from throughout much of this range and collected mitochondrial sequence and nuclear microsatellite data. Our study revealed a deep genetic break between ravens from the western United States and ravens from throughout the rest of the world. These two groups, the 'California clads' and the 'Holarctic clade' are well supported and over 4% divergent in mitochondrial coding sequence. Microsatellites also reveal significant differentiation between these two groups. Ravens from;Minnesota, Maine and Alaska are more similar to ravens from Asia and Europe than they are to ravens from California. The two clades come in contact over a huge area of the western United States, with mixtures of the two mitochondrial groups present in Washington, Idaho and California. In addition, the restricted range Chihuahuan raven (Corvus cryptoleucus) of the south-west United States and Mexico is genetically nested within the paraphyletic common raven. Our findings suggest that the common raven may have formerly consisted of two allopatric groups that may be in the process of remerging. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Mol Genet Lab, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, US Geol Survey, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Omland, KE (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Biol Sci, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM omland@umbc.edu RI Omland, Kevin/A-8887-2010 OI Omland, Kevin/0000-0002-3863-5509 NR 60 TC 80 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 14 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD DEC 22 PY 2000 VL 267 IS 1461 BP 2475 EP 2482 PG 8 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 392RT UT WOS:000166426100002 PM 11197122 ER PT J AU Betancourt, JL AF Betancourt, JL TI Paleoclimate - The amazon reveals its secrets - Partly SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PRECIPITATION; ICE C1 US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. RP Betancourt, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 22 PY 2000 VL 290 IS 5500 BP 2274 EP + PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 385GQ UT WOS:000165995800032 PM 17774599 ER PT J AU O'Farrell, CL Elliott, DG Landolt, ML AF O'Farrell, CL Elliott, DG Landolt, ML TI Mortality and kidney histopathology of chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha exposed to virulent and attenuated Renibacterium salmoninarum strains SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Renibacterium salmoninarum; attenuated strain; pathogenesis; p57; histopathology; BKD ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; FLUORESCENT-ANTIBODY TEST; CELL-SURFACE; MEMBRANE-FILTRATION; CAUSATIVE AGENT; RAINBOW-TROUT; COHO SALMON; DISEASE; ELISA; HEMAGGLUTININ AB An isolate of Renibacterium salmoninarum (strain MT 239) exhibiting reduced virulence in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss was tested for its ability to cause bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, a salmonid species more susceptible to BKD. Juvenile chinook salmon were exposed to either 33209, the American Type Culture Collection type strain of R. salmoninarum, or to MT 239, by an intraperitoneal injection of 1 x 10(3) or 1 x 10(6) bacteria fish(-1), or by a 24 h immersion in 1 x 10(5) or 1 x 10(7) bacteria ml(-1). For 22 wk fish were held in 12 degreesC water and monitored for mortality. Fish were sampled periodically for histological examination of kidney tissues. In contrast to fish exposed to the high dose of strain 33209 by either injection or immersion, none of the fish exposed to strain MT 239 by either route exhibited gross clinical signs or histopathological changes indicative of BKD. However, the MT 239 strain was detected by the direct fluorescent antibody technique in 4 fish that died up to 11 wk after the injection challenge and in 5 fish that died up to 20 wk after the immersion challenge. Viable MT 239 was isolated in culture from 3 fish that died up to 13 wk after the immersion challenge. Total mortality in groups injected with the high dose of strain MT 239 (12%) was also significantly lower (p < 0.05) than mortality in groups injected with strain 33209 (73%). These data indicate that the attenuated virulence observed with MT 239 in rainbow trout also occurs in a salmonid species highly susceptible to BKD. The reasons for the attenuated virulence of MT 239 were not determined but may be related to the reduced levels of the putative virulence protein p57 associated with this strain. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Fisheries, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resource Div, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Elliott, DG (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Fisheries, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 46 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD DEC 21 PY 2000 VL 43 IS 3 BP 199 EP 209 DI 10.3354/dao043199 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 401KP UT WOS:000166927000005 PM 11206735 ER PT J AU Bennett, JP Wetmore, CM AF Bennett, JP Wetmore, CM TI 16-year trends in elements of lichens at Theodore Roosevelt National Park, North Dakota SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE soil lichen; epiphytic lichen; national park; mercury; factor analysis ID SOIL CONTAMINATION; EPIPHYTIC LICHENS; DEPOSITION AB An epiphytic lichen and a soil lichen in two very closely related genera (Parmelia sulcata and Xanthoparmelia chlorochroa, respectively) were sampled 16 years apart at Theodore Roosevelt National Park in North Dakota and measured for their elemental content. Mercury and cadmium decreased approximately 30% over the time period in bath species. Sulfur decreased 8% in the epiphytic species, but increased 20% in the soil lichen. Factor analysis revealed that soil elements were higher in the soil lichen, indicating there was some soil contamination in that species. A relationship between iron and titanium was found only in the soil lichen. Sulfur and mercury were highly enriched in both species relative to the soil, which suggests that the atmosphere is a contributing source of these elements. New baseline values were calculated, 22 elements for both species, although it is not recommended that the soil lichen be sampled in the future. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Inst Environm Studies, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Bennett, JP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Inst Environm Studies, 504 Walnut St, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD DEC 18 PY 2000 VL 263 IS 1-3 BP 231 EP 241 DI 10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00711-7 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 389NC UT WOS:000166243600021 PM 11194157 ER PT J AU Mangan, M Sisson, T AF Mangan, M Sisson, T TI Delayed, disequilibrium degassing in rhyolite magma: decompression experiments and implications for explosive volcanism SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE magmas; rhyolites; degassing; bubbles; experimental studies ID MOUNT-ST-HELENS; BUBBLE-GROWTH; EXPERIMENTAL SIMULATIONS; HIGH-PRESSURE; NUCLEATION; LIQUIDS; CRYSTALLIZATION; DYNAMICS; MELTS; VESICULATION AB Recent numerical models and analog shock tube experiments show that disequilibrium degassing during magma ascent may lead to violent vesiculation very near the surface. In this study a series of decompression experiments using crystal-free, rhyolite melt were conducted to examine the development of large supersaturations due to delayed, homogenous (spontaneous) bubble nucleation. Melts were saturated at 900 degreesC and 200 MPa with either 5.2 wt% dissolved H2O, or with 4.2 wt% H2O and 640 ppm CO2, and isothermally decompressed at linear rates of either 0.003, 0.025, or 8.5 MPa/s to final pressures between 25 and 175 MPa. Additional isobaric saturation experiments (900 degreesC, 200-25 MPa) using pure H2O or mixed H2O-CO2 fluids establish reference equilibrium solubility curves/values. Homogenous nucleation is triggered in both H2O-only and H2O-CO2 experiments once the supersaturation pressure (DeltaP(ss)) reaches similar to 120-150 MPa and the melt contains similar to two times its equilibrium water contents. Bubble number density and nucleation rate depend on the supersaturation pressure, with values on the order of 10(2)/cm(3) and < 1/cm(3)/s for P-ss similar to 120 MPa; 10(6)/cm(3) and 10(3)-10(5)/Cm-3/s for DeltaP(ss) similar to 130-150 MPa; and 10(7)/cm(3) and 10(6)/cm(3)/s for DeltaP(ss) similar to 160-175 MPa. Nucleation rates are consistent with classical nucleation theory, and infer an activation energy for nucleation of 1.5 x 10(-18) J/nucleus, a critical bubble radius of 2 x 10(-9) m, and an effective surface tension for rhyolite at 5.2 wt% H2O and 900 degreesC of 0.10-0.11 N/m. The long nucleation delay limits the time available for subsequent diffusion such that disequilibrium dissolved H2O and CO2 contents persist to the end of our runs. The disequilibrium degassing paths inferred from our experiments contrast markedly with the equilibrium or quasi-equilibrium paths found in other studies where bubble nucleation occurs heterogeneously on crystals or other discontinuities in the melt at low DeltaP(ss). Homogenous and heterogenous nucleation rates are comparable, however, as are bubble number densities, so that at a given decompression rate it appears that nucleation mechanism, rather than nucleation rate, determines degassing efficiency by fixing the pressure (depth) at which vesiculation commences and hence the time available for equilibration prior to eruption. Although real systems are probably never truly crystal-free, our results show that rhyolitic magmas containing up to 10(4) crystals/cm(3), and perhaps as high as 10(6) crystals/cm(3), are controlled by homogenous, rather than heterogenous, nucleation during ascent. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Volcano Hazards Team, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Mangan, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Volcano Hazards Team, MS 910,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 40 TC 160 Z9 162 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 2000 VL 183 IS 3-4 BP 441 EP 455 DI 10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00299-5 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 385XH UT WOS:000166030100011 ER PT J AU Robbins, JA Holmes, C Halley, R Bothner, M Shinn, E Graney, J Keeler, G tenBrink, M Orlandini, KA Rudnick, D AF Robbins, JA Holmes, C Halley, R Bothner, M Shinn, E Graney, J Keeler, G tenBrink, M Orlandini, KA Rudnick, D TI Time-averaged fluxes of lead and fallout radionuclides to sediments in Florida Bay SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; CS-137; PLUTONIUM; MOBILITY; PB-210; PU; DIAGENESIS; TRANSPORT; GASOLINE; PU-239,PU-240 AB Recent, unmixed sediments from mud banks of central Florida Bay were dated using Pb-210/Ra-226, and chronologies were verified by comparing sediment lead temporal records with Pb/Ca ratios in annual layers of coral (Montastrea annularis) located on the ocean side of the Florida Keys. Dates of sediment lead peaks (1978 +/- 2) accord with prior observations of a 6 year lag between the occurrence of maximum atmospheric lead in 1972 and peak coral lead in 1978. Smaller lags of 1-2 years occur between the maximum atmospheric radionuclide fallout and peaks in sediment temporal records of Cs-137 and Pu. Such lags are consequences of system time averaging (STA) in which atmospherically delivered particle-associated constituents accumulate and mix in a (sedimentary?) reservoir before transferring to permanent sediments and coral. STA model calculations, using time-dependent atmospheric inputs, produced optimized profiles in excellent accord with measured sediment 137Cs, Pu, lead, and coral lead distributions. Derived residence times of these particle tracers (16 +/- 1, 15.7 +/- 0.7, 19 +/- 3, and 16 +/- 2 years, respectively) are comparable despite differences in sampling locations, in accumulating media, and in element loading histories and geochemical properties. For a 16 year weighted mean residence time, STA generates the observed 6 year lead peak lag. Evidently, significant levels of nondegradable, particle-associated contaminants can persist in Florida Bay for many decades following elimination of external inputs. Present results, in combination with STA model analysis of previously reported radionuclide profiles, suggest that decade-scale time averaging may occur widely in recent coastal marine sedimentary environments. C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, US Dept Commerce, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Reg Marine Geol, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Field Ctr, Marine & Coastal Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Environm & Ind Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. S Florida Water Management Dist, W Palm Beach, FL 33146 USA. RP Robbins, JA (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, US Dept Commerce, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NR 71 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 15 PY 2000 VL 105 IS C12 BP 28805 EP 28821 DI 10.1029/1999JC000271 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 388XR UT WOS:000166208800019 ER PT J AU Mahler, BJ Personne, JC Lods, GF Drogue, C AF Mahler, BJ Personne, JC Lods, GF Drogue, C TI Transport of free and particulate-associated bacteria in karst SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE karst; bacteria; wastewater; sediments; pollution; transport ID WATER CONTAMINATION; FRACTURED ROCK; SANDY AQUIFER; CAPE-COD; SEDIMENT; GROUNDWATER; QUALITY; VIRUS AB Karst aquifers, because of their unique hydrogeologic characteristics, are extremely susceptible to contamination by pathogens. Here we present the results of an investigation of contamination of a karst aquifer by fecal indicator bacteria. Two wells intercepting zones with contrasting effective hydraulic conductivities, as determined by pump test, were monitored both during the dry season and in response to a rain event. Samples were also collected from the adjacent ephemeral surface stream, which is known to be impacted by an upstream wastewater treatment plant after rainfall. Whole water and suspended sediment samples were analyzed for fecal coliforms and enterococci. During the dry season, pumping over a 2-day period resulted in increases in concentrations of fecal coliforms to greater than 10,000 CFU/100 mi in the high-conductivity well; enterococci and total suspended solids also increased, to a lesser degree. Toward the end of the pumping period, as much as 50% of the fecal coliforms were associated with suspended sediment. Irrigation of an up-gradient pine plantation with primary-treated wastewater is the probable source of the bacterial contamination. Sampling after a rain event revealed the strong influence of water quality of the adjacent Terrieu Creek on the ground water. Bacterial concentrations in the wells showed a rapid response to increased concentrations in the surface water, with fecal coliform concentrations in ground water ultimately reaching 60,000 CFU/100 mi. Up to 100% of the bacteria in the ground water was associated with suspended sediment at Various times. The results of this investigation are evidence of the strong influence of surface water on ground water in karst terrain, including that of irrigation water. The large proportion of bacteria associated with particulates in the ground water has important implications for public health, as bacteria associated with particulates may be more persistent and more difficult to inactivate. The high bacterial concentrations found in both wells, despite the difference in hydraulic conductivity, demonstrates the difficulty of predicting vulnerability of individual wells to bacterial contamination in karst. The extreme temporal variability in bacterial concentrations underscores the importance of event-based monitoring of the bacterial quality of public water supplies in karst. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Montpellier 2, UMR 5569 Hydrosci CNRS, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France. Univ Montpellier 1, Biophys Lab, UFR Sci Pharmaceut, F-34090 Montpellier, France. RP Mahler, BJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 8027 Exchange Dr, Austin, TX 78754 USA. RI Lods, Gerard/F-6979-2010; OI Mahler, Barbara/0000-0002-9150-9552 NR 32 TC 93 Z9 98 U1 3 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD DEC 5 PY 2000 VL 238 IS 3-4 BP 179 EP 193 DI 10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00324-3 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 377QQ UT WOS:000165525000003 ER PT J AU Izbicki, JA Radyk, J Michel, RL AF Izbicki, JA Radyk, J Michel, RL TI Water movement through st thick unsaturated zone underlying an intermittent stream in the western Mojave Desert, southern California, USA SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE groundwater recharge; arid lands; isotopes; tracers; unsaturated flow ID STABLE-ISOTOPE COMPOSITION; SOIL-WATER; RECHARGE; CHLORIDE AB Previous studies indicated that small amounts of recharge occur as infiltration of intermittent streamflow in washes in the upper Mojave River basin, in the western Mojave Desert, near Victorville, California. These washes flow only a few days each year after large storms. To reach the water table, water must pass through an unsaturated zone that is more than 130 m thick. Results of this study, done in 1994-1998, show that infiltration to depths below the root zone did not occur at control sites away from the wash. At these sites, volumetric water contents were as low as 0.01 and water potentials (measured as the combination of solute and matric potentials using a water activity meter) were as negative as - 14,000 kPa. Water-vapor movement was controlled by highly negative solute potentials associated with the accumulation of soluble salts in the unsaturated zone. Highly negative matric potentials above and below the zone of maximum solute accumulation result from movement of water vapor toward the highly negative solute potentials at that depth. The delta O-18 and deltaD (delta oxygen-18 and delta deuterium) isotopic composition of water in coarse-grained deposits plots dong a Rayleigh distillation line consistent with removal of water in coarse-grained layers by vapor transport Beneath Oro Grande Wash, water moved to depths below the root zone and, presumably, to the water table about 130 m below land surface. Underneath Oro Grande Wash, volumetric water contents were as high as 0.27 and water potentials (measured as matric potential using tensiometers) were between -1.8 and -50 kPa. On the basis of tritium data, water requires at least 180-260 years to infiltrate to the water table. Clay layers impede the downward movement of water. Seasonal changes in water vapor composition underneath the wash are consistent with the rapid infiltration of a small quantity of water to great depths and subsequent equilibration of vapor with water in the surrounding material. It may be possible to supplement natural recharge from the wash with imported water. Recharge to the wash may be advantageous because the unsaturated zone is not as dry as most areas in the desert and concentrations of soluble salts are generally lower underneath the wash. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, WRD, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. US Geol Survey, WRD, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Izbicki, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, WRD, 5735 Kearny Villa Rd,Suite O, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. NR 54 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD DEC 5 PY 2000 VL 238 IS 3-4 BP 194 EP 217 DI 10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00331-0 PG 24 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 377QQ UT WOS:000165525000004 ER PT J AU Chou, IM Sharma, A Burruss, RC Shu, JF Mao, HK Hemley, RJ Goncharov, AF Stern, LA Kirby, SH AF Chou, IM Sharma, A Burruss, RC Shu, JF Mao, HK Hemley, RJ Goncharov, AF Stern, LA Kirby, SH TI Transformations in methane hydrates SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PRESSURE PHASE; DIAMOND-ANVIL CELL; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; CLATHRATE HYDRATE; ICE; SYSTEM; GAS AB Detailed study of pure methane hydrate in a diamond cell with in situ optical, Raman, and x-ray microprobe techniques reveals two previously unknown structures, structure II and structure H, at high pressures. The structure Il methane hydrate at 250 MPa has a cubic unit cell of a = 17.158(2) Angstrom and volume V = 5051.3(13) Angstrom (3); structure H at 600 MPa has a hexagonal unit cell of a = 11.980(2) A, c = 9.992(3) Angstrom, and V = 1241.9(5) Angstrom (3). The compositions of these two investigated phases are still not known. With the effects of pressure and the presence of other gases in the structure, the structure Ii phase is likely to dominate over the known structure I methane hydrate within deep hydrate-bearing sediments underlying continental margins. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Ctr High Pressure Res, Washington, DC 20015 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Chou, IM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 25 TC 115 Z9 117 U1 7 U2 34 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 5 PY 2000 VL 97 IS 25 BP 13484 EP 13487 DI 10.1073/pnas.250466497 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 380XH UT WOS:000165728800008 PM 11087836 ER PT J AU Zobeck, TM Parker, NC Haskell, S Guoding, K AF Zobeck, TM Parker, NC Haskell, S Guoding, K TI Scaling up from field to region for wind erosion prediction using a field-scale wind erosion model and GIS SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Food and Forestry: Global Change and Global Challenges CY SEP, 1999 CL UNIV READING, READING, ENGLAND SP Global Change & Terr Ecosyst, Elseviers Sci, Univ Reading, COST, NOAA, USAID, UNESCO, MAB, Royal Soc, Rockefeller Fdn, Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Global Change, Nat Environm Res Council HO UNIV READING DE erosion; soil texture; land use classification; erosion models ID SOIL PROPERTIES; INPUT AB Factors that affect wind erosion such as surface vegetative and other cover, soil properties and surface roughness usually change spatially and temporally at the field-scale to produce important field-scale variations in wind erosion. Accurate estimation of wind erosion when scaling up from fields to regions, while maintaining meaningful field-scale process details, remains a challenge. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the feasibility of using a field-scale wind erosion model with a geographic information system (GIS) to scale up to regional levels and to quantify the differences in wind erosion estimates produced by different scales of soil mapping used as a data layer in the model. A GIS was used in combination with the revised wind erosion equation (RWEQ), a field-scale wind erosion model, to estimate wind erosion for two 50 km(2) areas. Landsat Thematic Mapper satellite imagery from 1993 with 30 m resolution was used as a base map. The GIS database layers included land use, soils, and other features such as roads. The major land use was agricultural fields. Data on 1993 crop management for selected fields of each crop type were collected from local government agency offices and used to 'train' the computer to classify land areas by crop and type of irrigation (agroecosystem) using commercially available software. The land area of the agricultural land uses was overestimated by 6.5% in one region (Lubbock County, TX, USA) and underestimated by about 21% in an adjacent region (Terry County, TX, USA). The total estimated wind erosion potential for Terry County was about four times that estimated for adjacent Lubbock County. The difference in potential erosion among the counties was attributed to regional differences in surface soil texture. Ln a comparison of different soil map scales in Terry County, the generalised soil map had over 20% more of the land area and over 15% greater erosion potential in loamy sand soils than did the detailed soil map. As a result, the wind erosion potential determined using the generalised soil map was about 26% greater than the erosion potential estimated by using the detailed soil map in Terry County. This study demonstrates the feasibility of scaling up from fields to regions to estimate wind erosion potential by coupling a field-scale wind erosion model with GIS and identifies possible sources of error with this approach. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. USGS, Biol Resources Div, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Desert Res Inst, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. RP Zobeck, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Res Unit, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RI Zobeck, Ted/A-6126-2012 NR 34 TC 32 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 82 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 247 EP 259 DI 10.1016/S0167-8809(00)00229-2 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 380ZW UT WOS:000165738700019 ER PT J AU Watten, BJ Honeyfield, DC Schwartz, MF AF Watten, BJ Honeyfield, DC Schwartz, MF TI Hydraulic characteristics of a rectangular mixed-cell rearing unit SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE rearing unit; hydraulics; salmonidae; mixed flow reactor; design; raceway ID SALMO-GAIRDNERI RICHARDSON; RAINBOW-TROUT; EXERCISE; GROWTH; PERFORMANCE; RACEWAYS; STAMINA; CULTURE; STRESS; DESIGN AB We describe a fish rearing unit modification that establishes mixed flow reactor (MFR) behavior in a rectangular vessel so as to eliminate metabolite concentration gradients, increase current velocities and improve solids scour at low water exchange rates. A standard raceway section 14.5 m long was modified to create six counter-rotating mixed cells, each 2.4 m wide by 2.4 m long. Cells receive water from vertical pipe sections extending to the tank floor and positioned in the corners of the cells. Vertical pipe sections were fabricated with jet ports that direct water into the cells tangentially to establish rotary circulation. Water exits each cell through a centrally located floor drain. Hydraulic characteristics of the tank are described based on an analysis of residence time distribution, current velocities and cell-to-cell water exchange rates. The latter was calculated based on a proposed hydraulics model and tracer concentrations established at a steady state. Vessel dispersion numbers measured with water exchange rates of 1.0 and 1.3 per hour, indicate tank performance approximates that of a MFR with the active tank volume representing 77.9-100% of total tank volume. Water velocities measured at 216 stations averaged 0.14, 0.12 and 0.12 m/s for the tank surface, mid-depth and near bottom regions. The benthic shear stress calculated given surface velocity was 0.04 N/m(2). This was sufficient to scour and purge fecal solids produced by 2010 kg of lake trout that averaged 44.3 cm in total length. Cell interaction was significant with cell-to-cell exchange rates averaging 3.9 times the tank inflow rate. Energy requirements of the rearing unit were kept low (1.32 m water gauge pressure; 6.7 W/m(3)) through use of a large number of low velocity jets. (C) Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. US Geol Survey, Res & Dev Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. Inst Freshwater, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. RP Watten, BJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, 1700 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 36 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 24 IS 1 BP 59 EP 73 DI 10.1016/S0144-8609(00)00064-9 PG 15 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA 378HJ UT WOS:000165578700004 ER PT J AU Abbitt, RJF Scott, JM Wilcove, DS AF Abbitt, RJF Scott, JM Wilcove, DS TI The geography of vulnerability: incorporating species geography and human development patterns into conservation planning SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE conservation planning; endangered species; peripheral populations; hotspots; human population growth ID UNITED-STATES; EXTINCTION; PROTECTION; DIVERSITY; HOTSPOTS AB In any country, the geography of species needing protection is central to the development of conservation strategies. In this study we mapped the distribution of restricted-range birds and butterflies not listed as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act in the conterminous United States, as well as measures of projected increases in human population and development. Areas with both restricted-range species and high growth rates were identified as "hot spots of vulnerability" - areas vulnerable to future species loss. These hot spots of vulnerability corresponded to many of the areas currently supporting large numbers of endangered species in the United States. Many of the restricted-range species identified, however, have existing ranges in Mexico and Central and South America. The conservation of these peripheral populations in the United States becomes even more important given that adjacent countries do not have legislation that protects endangered species. The methodology we present here could be used in other countries to identify species and areas of vulnerability before they become endangered. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Idaho, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Idaho, USGS, Biol Resources Div, Idaho Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Environm Def, Washington, DC 20009 USA. RP Abbitt, RJF (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. NR 38 TC 82 Z9 89 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 96 IS 2 BP 169 EP 175 DI 10.1016/S0006-3207(00)00064-1 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 347TQ UT WOS:000088945600005 ER PT J AU Hamilton, SJ Buhl, KJ AF Hamilton, SJ Buhl, KJ TI Trace elements in seep waters along Whitewood Creek, South Dakota, and their toxicity to fathead minnows SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FISH C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Ecotoxicol Res Stn, Yankton, SD 57078 USA. RP Hamilton, SJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Ecotoxicol Res Stn, 31247 436th Ave, Yankton, SD 57078 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 65 IS 6 BP 740 EP 747 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 377XE UT WOS:000165550900007 PM 11080354 ER PT J AU Waldhauser, F Ellsworth, WL AF Waldhauser, F Ellsworth, WL TI A double-difference earthquake location algorithm: Method and application to the northern Hayward fault, California SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS; LEAST-SQUARES; AFTERSHOCK SEQUENCE; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; ARRIVAL TIMES; HYPOCENTER; GEOMETRY; ERRORS AB We have developed an efficient method to determine high-resolution hypocenter locations over large distances. The location method incorporates ordinary absolute travel-time measurements and/or cross-correlation P-and S-wave differential travel-time measurements. Residuals between observed and theoretical travel-time differences (or double-differences) are minimized for pairs of earthquakes at each station while linking together all observed event-station pairs. A least-squares solution is found by iteratively adjusting the vector difference between hypocentral pairs. The double-difference algorithm minimizes errors due to unmodeled velocity structure without the use of station corrections. Because catalog and cross-correlation data are combined into one system of equations, interevent distances within multiplets are determined to the accuracy of the cross-correlation data, while the relative locations between multiplets and uncorrelated events are simultaneously determined to the accuracy of the absolute travel-time data. Statistical resampling methods are used to estimate data accuracy and location errors. Uncertainties in double-difference locations are improved by more than an order of magnitude compared to catalog locations. The algorithm is tested, and its performance is demonstrated on two clusters of earthquakes located on the northern Hayward fault, California. There it collapses the diffuse catalog locations into sharp images of seismicity and reveals horizontal lineations of hypocenters that define the narrow regions on the fault where stress is released by brittle failure. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Waldhauser, F (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS977, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 40 TC 1136 Z9 1323 U1 18 U2 98 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 90 IS 6 BP 1353 EP 1368 DI 10.1785/0120000006 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 398PK UT WOS:000166764700001 ER PT J AU Andrews, DJ Schwerer, E AF Andrews, DJ Schwerer, E TI Probability of rupture of multiple fault segments SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; GUTENBERG-RICHTER; EARTHQUAKE; SIMULATIONS AB Fault segments identified from geologic and historic evidence have sometimes been adopted as features limiting the likely extends of earthquake ruptures. There is no doubt that individual segments can sometimes join together to produce larger earthquakes. This work is a trial of an objective method to determine the probability of multisegment ruptures. The frequency of occurrence of events on all conjectured combinations of adjacent segments in northern California is found by fitting to both geologic slip rates and to an assumed distribution of event sizes for the region as a whole. Uncertainty in the shape of the distribution near the maximum magnitude has a large effect on the solution. Frequencies of individual events cannot be determined, but it is possible to find a set of frequencies to fit a model closely. A robust conclusion for the San Francisco Bay region is that large multisegment events occur on the San Andreas and San Gregorio faults, but single-segment events predominate on the extended Hayward and Calaveras strands of segments. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Andrews, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 90 IS 6 BP 1498 EP 1506 DI 10.1785/0119990163 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 398PK UT WOS:000166764700011 ER PT J AU Julian, BR Evans, JR Pritchard, MJ Foulger, GR AF Julian, BR Evans, JR Pritchard, MJ Foulger, GR TI A geometrical error in some computer programs based on the Aki-Christofferson-Husebye (ACH) method of teleseismic tomography SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB Some computer programs based on the Aki-Christofferson-Husebye (ACH) method of teleseismic tomography contain an error caused by identifying local grid directions with azimuths on the spherical Earth. This error, which is most severe in high latitudes, introduces systematic errors into computed ray paths and distorts inferred Earth models. It is best dealt with by explicitly correcting for the difference between true and grid directions. Methods for computing these directions are presented in this article and are likely to be useful in many other kinds of regional geophysical studies that use Cartesian coordinates and flat-earth approximations. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. Univ Durham, Dept Geol Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP Julian, BR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 90 IS 6 BP 1554 EP 1558 DI 10.1785/0119990169 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 398PK UT WOS:000166764700018 ER PT J AU Field, EH AF Field, EH CA SCEC Phase III Working Grp TI Accounting for site effects in probabilistic seismic hazard analyses of southern California: Overview of the SCEC phase III report SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Review ID STRONG GROUND MOTION; LOMA-PRIETA EARTHQUAKE; SAN-FERNANDO-VALLEY; NONLINEAR SEDIMENT RESPONSE; 1994 NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE; ANGELES URBAN AREA; LOS-ANGELES; CODA WAVES; S-WAVE; FRANCISCO-BAY AB This article presents an overview of the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) Phase-III effort to determine the extent to which probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) can be improved by accounting for site effects. The contributions made in this endeavor are represented in the various articles that compose this special issue of BSSA, Given the somewhat arbitrary nature of the site-effect distinction, it must be carefully defined in any given context. With respect to PSHA, we define the site effect as the response, relative to an attenuation relationship, averaged over all damaging earthquakes in the region. A diligent effort has been made to identify any attributes that predispose a site to greater or lower levels of shaking, The most detailed maps of Quaternary geology are not found to be helpful; either they are overly derailed in terms of distinguishing different amplification factors or present southern California strong-motion observations are inadequate to reveal their superiority. A map based on the average shear-wave velocity in the upper 30 m, however, is found to delineate significantly different amplification factors. A correlation of amplification with basin depth is also found to be significant, implying up to a factor of two difference between the shallowest and deepest parts of the Los Angeles basin. In fact, for peak acceleration the basin-depth correction is more influential than the 30-m shear-wave velocity, Questions remain, however, as to whether basin depth is a proxy for some other site attribute. In spite of these significant and important site effects, the standard deviation of an attenuation relationship (the prediction error) is not significantly reduced by making such corrections, That is, given the influence of basin-edge-induced waves, subsurface focusing, and scattering in general, any model that attempts to predict ground motion with only a few parameters will have a substantial intrinsic variability. Our best hope for reducing such uncertainties is via waveform modeling based on first principals of physics. Finally, questions remain with respect to the overall reliability of attenuation relationships at large magnitudes and short distances, Current discrepancies between viable models produce up to a factor of 3 difference among predicted 10% in 50-yr exceedance levels, part of which results from the uncertain influence of sediment nonlinearity. C1 Univ So Calif, So Calif Earthquake Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Field, EH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RI Steidl, Jamison/H-6292-2012 NR 131 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 4 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 90 IS 6 SU S BP S1 EP S31 DI 10.1785/0120000512 PN B PG 31 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 399KU UT WOS:000166810900001 ER PT J AU Field, EH Petersen, MD AF Field, EH Petersen, MD TI Test of various site-effect parametrizations in probabilistic seismic hazard analyses of southern California SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB We evaluate the implications of several attenuation relationships, including three customized for southern California, in terms of accounting for site effects in probabilistic seismic hazard studies. The analysis is carried out at 43 sites along a profile spanning the Los Angeles basin with respect to peak acceleration, and 0.3-, 1.0-, and 3.0-sec response spectral acceleration values that have a 10% chance of being exceeded in 50 years. The variability among currently viable attenuation relationships (espistemic uncertainty) is an approximate factor of 2. Biases between several commonly used attenuation relationships and southern California strong-motion data imply hazard differences that exceed 10%. However, correcting each relationship for the southern California bias does net necessarily bring hazard estimates into better agreement. A detailed subclassification of site types (beyond rock versus soil) is found to be both justified by data and to make important distinctions in terms of hazard levels. A basin depth effect is also shown to be important, implying a difference of up to a factor of 2 in ground motion between the deepest and shallowest parts of the Los Angeles basin. In fact, for peak acceleration, the basin-depth effect is even more influential than the surface site condition. Questions remain, however, whether basin depth is a proxy for some other site attribute such as distance from the basin edge. The reduction in prediction error (sigma) produced by applying detailed site and/or basin-depth corrections does not have an important influence on the hazard. In fact, the sigma reduction is less than epistemic uncertainties on sigma itself Due to data limitations, it is impossible to determine which attenuation relationship is best. However, our results do indicate which site conditions seem most influential. This information should prove useful to those developing or updating attenuation relationships and to those attempting to make more refined estimates of hazard in the near future. C1 US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Field, EH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 90 IS 6 SU S BP S222 EP S244 DI 10.1785/0120000502 PN B PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 399KU UT WOS:000166810900014 ER PT J AU Field, EH AF Field, EH TI A modified ground-motion attenuation relationship for southern California that accounts for detailed site classification and a basin-depth effect SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB The attenuation relationship presented by Boore et al. (1997) has been evaluated and customized with respect to southern California strong-motion data (for peak ground acceleration (PGA) and 0.3-, 1.0-, and 3.0-sec period spectral acceleration). This study was motivated by the recent availability of a new site-classification map by Wills et al. (2000), which distinguishes seven different site categories for California based on the 1994 NEHRP classification. With few exceptions, each of the five site types represented in the southern California strong-motion database exhibit distinct amplification factors, supporting use of the Wills et al. (2000) map for microzonation purposes. Following other studies, a basin-depth term was also found to be significant and therefore added to the relationship. Sites near the center of the LA Basin exhibit shaking levels up to a factor of 2 greater, on average, than otherwise equivalent sites near the edge. Relative to Boore et al. (1997), the other primary difference here is that PGA exhibits less variation among the Wills et al. (2000) site types. In fact, the PGA amplification implied by the basin-depth effect is greater than that implied by site classification. The model does nor explicitly account for nonlinear sediment effects, which, if important, will most likely influence rock-site PGA predictions the most. Evidence for a magnitude-dependent variability, or prediction uncertainty, is also found and included as an option. C1 Univ So Calif, Dept Earthquake Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Field, EH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. NR 28 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 90 IS 6 SU S BP S209 EP S221 DI 10.1785/0120000507 PN B PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 399KU UT WOS:000166810900013 ER PT J AU Joyner, WB AF Joyner, WB TI Strong motion from surface waves in deep sedimentary basins SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID STRONG GROUND MOTION; 1971 SAN-FERNANDO; EARTHQUAKE; CALIFORNIA; AMPLIFICATION AB It is widely recognized that long-period surface waves generated by conversion of body waves at the boundaries of deep sedimentary basins make an important contribution to strong ground motion. The factors controlling the amplitude of such motion, however, are not widely understood. A study of pseudovelocity response spectra of strong-motion records from the Los Angeles Basin shows that late-arriving surface waves with group velocities of about I km/sec dominate the ground motion for periods of 3 sec and longer. The rate of amplitude decay for these waves is less than for the body waves and depends significantly on period, with smaller decay for longer periods. The amplitude can be modeled by the equation log y = f(M, R-E) + C + bR(B) where y is the pseudovelocity response, f(M, R-E) is an attenuation relation based on a general strong-motion data set, M is moment magnitude, R-E is the distance from the source to the edge of the basin, R-E is the distance from the edge of the basin to the recording site, and b and c are parameters fit to the data. The equation gives values larger by as much as a factor of 3 than given by the attenuation relationships based on general strong-motion data sets for the same source-site distance. It is clear that surface waves need to be taken into account in the design of long-period structures in deep sedimentary basins. The ground-motion levels specified by the earthquake provisions of current building codes, in California at least, accommodate the long-period ground motions from basin-edge-generated surface waves for periods of 5 sec and less and earthquakes with moment magnitudes of 7.5 or less located more than 20 km outside the basin. There may be problems at longer periods and for earthquakes located closer to the basin edge. The results of this study suggest that anelastic attenuation may need to be included in attempts to model long-period motion in deep sedimentary basins. To obtain better data on surface waves in the future, operators of strong-motion networks should take special care for the faithful recording of the long-period components of ground motion. It will also be necessary to insure that at least some selected recorders, once triggered, continue to operate for a time sufficient for the surface waves to traverse the basin. With velocities of about I km/sec, that time will be as long as 100 sec for a basin the size of the Los Angeles Basin. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Joyner, WB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 32 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 90 IS 6 SU S BP S95 EP S112 DI 10.1785/0120000505 PN B PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 399KU UT WOS:000166810900007 ER PT J AU Wald, LA Mori, J AF Wald, LA Mori, J TI Evaluation of methods for estimating linear site-response amplifications in the Los Angeles region SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID 1994 NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE; SAN-FERNANDO VALLEY; S-WAVE; GROUND-MOTION; URBAN AREA; CALIFORNIA; CODA; VARIABILITY; SEDIMENTS; RECORDS AB We have evaluated two methods of estimating linear site-response amplifications and the standard index for classifying sites by comparing the results of each technique to observed ground motions at 33 sites in the Los angeles region. Using velocity and density profiles from 33 boreholes, we evaluated the use of the average 30-m shear-wave velocity and associated site classifications, the quarter-wavelength method, and the Haskell propagator matrix method. We correlated the average 30-m shear-wave velocity and NEHRP site classification at the borehole sites colocated within 290 m of a site with observed ground motion. The observed data follow the expected trend of higher ground-motion amplifications for lower average shear-wave velocities, but there is a significant degree of variability. Also, there is a great deal of scatter in the observed amplifications within each National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) class. We used the velocity and density information in the database to calculate the average frequency-dependent site response in the frequency ranges 1-3 Hz, 3-5 Hz, and 5-7 Hz for a one-dimensional flat-layered structure using the Haskell propagator matrix method and the quarter-wavelength method. There is a general correlation with the ground-motion data; however, once again there is a great degree of scatter, although slightly less for the quarter-wavelength method. We note that both the observed and predicted amplifications can change dramatically over a distance as small as 1 km or less. Even though all techniques considered give results that follow the expected trend of higher amplifications for softer sediments, the "predicted" site response at any particular site with the current level of information may not be representative of the shaking that will actually occur during an earthquake. The disparity between observed and predicted amplifications appears to be a result of oversimplification inherent in the amplification-estimation methods, such as the use of average or assumed values for the site conditions in the absence of measured values, the "smoothing" effect of using an average velocity, limiting the properties considered to the uppermost 30 m of material, and complexities in the wave propagation that are not addressed by these methods. C1 US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Wald, LA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. NR 38 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 90 IS 6 SU S BP S32 EP S42 DI 10.1785/0119970170 PN B PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 399KU UT WOS:000166810900002 ER PT J AU Nielsen, JL Heine, EL Gan, CA Fountain, MC AF Nielsen, JL Heine, EL Gan, CA Fountain, MC TI Molecular analysis of population genetic structure and recolonization of rainbow trout following the Cantara Spill SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LA English DT Article ID MICROSATELLITE ALLELE FREQUENCIES; STEELHEAD ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; CONTROL-REGION; LOCI; DIVERSITY; DIFFERENTIATION; SUBDIVISION; CALIFORNIA AB Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence and allelic frequency data for 12 microsatellite loci were used to analyze population genetic structure and recolonization by rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, following the 1991 Cantara spill on the upper Sacramento River, California. Genetic analyses were performed on 1,016 wild rainbow trout collected between 1993 and 1996 from the mainstem and in 8 tributaries. Wild trout genotypes were compared to genotypes for 79 Mount Shasta Hatchery rainbow trout. No genetic heterogeneity was found 2 years after the spill (1993) between tributary populations and geographically proximate mainstem fish, suggesting recolonization of the upper mainstem directly from adjacent tributaries. Trout collections made in 1996 showed significant year-class genetic variation for mtDNA and microsatellites when compared to fish from the same locations in 1993. Five years after the spill, mainstem populations appeared genetically mixed with no significant allelic frequency differences between mainstem populations and geographically proximate tributary trout. In our 1996 samples, we found no significant genetic differences due to season of capture (summer or fall) or sampling technique used to capture rainbow trout, with the exception of trout collected by electrofishing and hook and line near Prospect Avenue. Haplotype and allelic frequencies in wild rainbow trout populations captured in the upper Sacramento River and its tributaries were found to differ genetically from Mount Shasta Hatchery trout for both years, with the notable exception of trout collected in the lower mainstem river near Shasta Lake, where mtDNA and microsatellite data both suggested upstream colonization by hatchery fish from the reservoir, These data suggest that the chemical spill in the upper Sacramento River produced significant effects over time on the genetic population structure of rainbow trout throughout the entire upper river basin. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Nielsen, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CALIF FISH AND GAME EDITOR PI SACRAMENTO PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 USA SN 0008-1078 J9 CALIF FISH GAME JI Calif. Fish Game PD WIN PY 2000 VL 86 IS 1 BP 21 EP 40 PG 20 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA 368KN UT WOS:000090116300003 ER PT J AU Volkert, RA Johnson, CA Tamashausky, AV AF Volkert, RA Johnson, CA Tamashausky, AV TI Mesoproterozoic graphite deposits, New Jersey Highlands: geologic and stable isotopic evidence for possible algal origins SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EARTH ELEMENT DEPOSITS; IRON-OXIDE DEPOSITS; NEW-YORK; TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS; SULFUR-ISOTOPE; STERLING-HILL; ROCKS; GEOCHEMISTRY; USA AB Graphite deposits of Mesoproterozoic age are locally abundant in the eastern New Jersey Highlands, where they are hosted by sulphidic biotite-quartz-feldspar gneiss, metaquartzite, and anatectic pegmatite. Gneiss and metaquartzite represent a shallow marine shelf sequence of locally organic-rich sand and mud. Graphite from massive deposits within metaquartzite yielded delta C-13 values of -26 +/- 2 parts per thousand (1 sigma), and graphite from massive deposits within biotite-quartz-feldspar gneiss yielded delta C-13 values of -23 +/- 4 parts per thousand. Disseminated graphite from biotite-quartz-feldspar gneiss country rock was -22 +/- 3 parts per thousand, indistinguishable from the massive deposits hosted by the same lithology. Anatectic pegmatite is graphitic only where generated from graphite-bearing host rocks; one sample gave a delta C-13 value of -15 parts per thousand. The delta S-34 values of trace pyrrhotite are uniform within individual deposits, but vary from 0 to 9 parts per thousand from one deposit to another. Apart from pegmatitic occurrences, evidence is lacking for long-range mobilization of carbon during Grenvillian orogenesis or post-Grenvillian tectonism. The field, petrographic, and isotope data suggest that massive graphite was formed by granulite-facies metamorphism of Proterozoic accumulations of sedimentary organic matter, possibly algal mats. Preservation of these accumulations in the sedimentary environment requires anoxic basin waters or rapid burial. Anoxia would also favour the accumulation of dissolved ferrous iron in basin waters, which may explain some of the metasediment-hosted massive magnetite deposits in the New Jersey Highlands. C1 New Jersey Geol Survey, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Asbury Graphite Mills Inc, Asbury Pk, NJ 08802 USA. RP New Jersey Geol Survey, POB 427, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. EM richv@njgs.dep.state.nj.us NR 52 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 8 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4077 EI 1480-3313 J9 CAN J EARTH SCI JI Can. J. Earth Sci. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 37 IS 12 BP 1665 EP 1675 DI 10.1139/e00-050 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 380AN UT WOS:000165676300002 ER PT J AU DelGiudice, GD Kerr, KD Mech, LD Seal, US AF DelGiudice, GD Kerr, KD Mech, LD Seal, US TI Prolonged winter undernutrition and the interpretation of urinary allantoin : creatinine ratios in white-tailed deer SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID PURINE DERIVATIVE EXCRETION; UREA NITROGEN; SNOW-URINE; PHYSIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT; NUTRITIONAL DEPRIVATION; RENAL EXCRETION; DIETARY INDEX; MULE DEER; RUMINANTS; SHEEP AB The urinary allantoin:creatinine (A:C) ratio (expressed in micromoles of allantoin to micromoles of creatinine) has shown potential as an index of recent winter energy intake in preliminary controlled studies of elk (Cervus elaphus) involving mild condition deterioration (up to 11% loss of body mass). To ensure reliable nutritional assessments of free-ranging cervids by measuring A:C ratios of urine in snow, it is essential to extend this work. We assessed the effect of moderate and severe winter nutritional restriction on urinary A:C ratios of captive white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) that lost up to 32% body mass and related these ratios to metabolizable energy intake (MEI), body-mass loss, and other reported nutritional indicators. Deer in the control group were fed a low-protein, low-energy diet ad libitum, whereas deer in the treatment group were fed restricted amounts of the same diet. MEI was below the winter maintenance requirement for all deer, but was lower (P = 0.029) in treatment deer than in control deer. Percent body-mass loss differed between the two groups as the study progressed, and represented the full range of physiological tolerance (0-32% loss). Mean A:C ratios of control deer, which lost up to 17.4% body mass, showed a slight increasing (P = 0.086) trend, whereas initially similar A:C ratios of severely restricted deer increased (P = 0.0002) markedly by the eighth week (0.52 vs. 0.09 mu mol:mu mol). The urinary A:C ratio was not related (P = 0.839) to recent (2 days prior to urine sampling) MEI, but there was a marginally significant relation (r(2) = 0.42, P = 0.110) between the A:C ratio and cumulative percent mass loss. The urinary A:C ratio was directly related to urinary urea nitrogen:creatinine (r(2) = 0.59, P < 0.0001) and 3-methylhistidine:creatinine (r(2) = 0.43, P < 0.0001) ratios. This study confirms that elevated and increasing A:C ratios may be due either to increasing energy intake or to accelerated tissue catabolism and increased endogenous contributions to urinary allantoin excretion. C1 Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Forest Wildlife Populat & Res Grp, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. Minnesota Zool Gardens, World Conservat Union, Capt Breeding Specialist Grp, Apple Valley, MN 55124 USA. RP DelGiudice, GD (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Forest Wildlife Populat & Res Grp, 1201 E Highway 2, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. NR 67 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 78 IS 12 BP 2147 EP 2155 DI 10.1139/cjz-78-12-2147 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 376GT UT WOS:000165450400012 ER PT J AU Kotliar, NB AF Kotliar, NB TI Application of the new keystone-species concept to prairie dogs: How well does it work? SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTERACTION STRENGTH; CONSERVATION; DIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEM; MANAGEMENT; COMMUNITY; ECOLOGY; HABITAT AB It has been suggested that the keystone-species concept should be dropped from ecology and conservation, primarily because the concept is poorly defined. This prompted Power et al. (1996) to refine the definition: keystone species have large effects on community structure or ecosystem function (i.e., high overall importance), and this effect should be large relative to abundance (ie., high community importance). Using prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.) as an example, I review operational and conceptual difficulties encountered in applying this definition. As applied to prairie dogs, the implicit assumption that overall importance is a linear function of abundance is invalid. In addition, community importance is sensitive to abundance levels, the definition of community, and sampling scale. These problems arise largely from the equation for community importance, as used in conjunction with removal experiments at single abundance levels. I suggest that we shift from the current emphasis on the dualism between keystone and nonkeystone species and instead examine how overall and community importance vary (1) with abundance (2) across spatial and temporal scales, and (3) under diverse ecological conditions. In addition, I propose that a third criterion be incorporated into the definition: keystone species perform roles not performed by other species or processes. Examination of how these factors vary among populations of keystone species should help identify the factors contributing to, or limiting, keystone-level functions, thereby increasing the usefulness of the keystone-species concept in ecology and conservation. Although the quantitative framework of Power et al. falls short of being fully operational, my conceptual guidelines may improve the usefulness of the keystone-species concept. Careful attention to the factors that limit keystone function will help avoid misplaced emphasis on keystone species at the expense of other species. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Kotliar, NB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, 4512 McMurry Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. EM tasha_kotliar@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 74 Z9 78 U1 6 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 14 IS 6 BP 1715 EP 1721 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.98384.x PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 385ZV UT WOS:000166035800019 ER PT J AU Drake, DC Naiman, RJ AF Drake, DC Naiman, RJ TI An evaluation of restoration efforts in fishless lakes stocked with exotic trout SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-MOUNTAIN LAKES; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; FOSSIL PIGMENTS; NATIONAL-PARK; POPULATIONS; FOREST; RECONSTRUCTION; PHYTOPLANKTON; ZOOPLANKTON; WATERSHEDS AB Detrimental effects of introduced fishes on native amphibian populations have prompted removal of introduced cutthroat (Oncorhynchus clarki), rainbow (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) from naturally fishless lakes at Mt. Rainier National Park Washington (U.S.A.). Using paleolimnological indicators (diatoms, invertebrates, and sediment characteristics) in eight 480-year-old sediment cores from eight lakes we (1) derived estimates of baseline environmental conditions and natural variation, (2) assessed the effects of stocking naturally fishless lakes and (3) determined whether lakes returned to predisturbance conditions after fish removal (restoration). Diatom floras were relatively stable between 315 and 90 years before present in an lakes; we used this time period to define lake;specific "baseline" conditions. Dissimilarity analyses of diatoms revealed sustained, dramatic changes in diatom floras that occurred approximately, 80 years ago (when fish were introduced) in four of five stocked lakes whereas the diatom floras in two unstocked lakes had nor changed significantly in the last 315 years Diatoms were not preserved in an eighth lake. State changes also occurred in two lakes over 200 years before European settlement of the Pacific Northwest Preserved invertebrate densities fluctuated dramatically over time in all cores, providing a Pool reference for assessing the effects of fishes. Nevertheless, fish-invertebrate interactions have been demonstrated in other paleolimnological studies and may be useful for lower-elevation or more productive lakes Because diatom communities have not returned to predisturbance assemblages in restored lakes even 20-30 years after fish removal, we conclude that Mt Rainier lakes were not successfully restored by the removal of fishes. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Fisheries, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Drake, DC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RI Naiman, Robert /K-3113-2012 NR 59 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 20 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 14 IS 6 BP 1807 EP 1820 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.99032.x PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 385ZV UT WOS:000166035800029 ER PT J AU Ogston, AS Cacchione, DA Sternberg, RW Kineke, GC AF Ogston, AS Cacchione, DA Sternberg, RW Kineke, GC TI Observations of storm and river flood-driven sediment transport on the northern California continental shelf SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE shelf sedimentation; flood sedimentation; fluidized sediment flows; sediment resuspension; fluid mud; STRATAFORM; Regional; USA; California; Eel River shelf ID DISPERSAL; ENVIRONMENT; EVENTS; STRESS; MARGIN; FLUX AB In the winter of 1996-1997, three bottom-boundary layer tripods were placed in an alongshelf array on the northern California continental shelf off Eureka, CA in 60-65-m water depth. During the observation period, multiple storms and river discharge events occurred, as well as the largest hood on record since 1964. Suspended-sediment concentration at all three sites fluctuated in response to both wave resuspension and advection of river-derived sediments. However, considerable spatial differences in low-frequency currents and suspended-sediment concentration were observed at the three sites. Sediment Aux vectors calculated during periods of high suspended-sediment concentration suggest a convergence of sediment flux coincident with the center of recent flood deposits. Suspended-sediment concentrations observed at the two northern tripod sites following the large flood reached magnitudes typical of fluid mud (> 10 g/l) in a thin near-bed layer. The net sediment flux during the single three-day event was two orders of magnitude larger than any other event during the winter, and accounted for seven times the flux observed over an entire year (1995-1996), A conceptual model for the advection of sediment to the mid shelf is proposed in which river plume sediments are trapped on the inner shelf either due to a weak front or the rapid input of sediment from a confined plume, and form a thin layer of fluid mud. The fluid mud subsequently is transported seaward due to gravitational forcing. The measured sediment concentration and velocity profiles on the shelf provide strong evidence to support this conclusion. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94041 USA. Woods Hole Grp, Redwood City, CA 94063 USA. Boston Coll, Dept Geol & Geophys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RP Ogston, AS (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Box 357940, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 31 TC 151 Z9 153 U1 3 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 20 IS 16 BP 2141 EP 2162 DI 10.1016/S0278-4343(00)00065-0 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 374UH UT WOS:000165362400005 ER PT J AU Karl, JW Heglund, PJ Garton, EO Scott, JM Wright, NM Hutto, RL AF Karl, JW Heglund, PJ Garton, EO Scott, JM Wright, NM Hutto, RL TI Sensitivity of species habitat-relationship model performance to factors of scale SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE avian habitat; bird counts; GIS; Idaho; species habitat-relationship models ID GAP ANALYSIS; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; WEIGHTED KAPPA; OAK WOODLANDS; AGREEMENT; COEFFICIENT; DISTRIBUTIONS; BIODIVERSITY; ACCURACY; ERRORS AB Researchers have come to different conclusions about the usefulness of habitat-relationship models for predicting species presence or absence. This difference frequently stems from a failure to recognize the effects of spatial scales at which the models are applied. We examined the effects of model complexity, spatial data resolution, and scale of application on the performance of bird habitat relationship (BHR) models on the Craig Mountain Wildlife Management Area and on the Idaho portion of the U.S. Forest Service's Northern Region. We constructed and tested BHR models for 60 bird species detected on the study areas. The models varied by three levels of complexity (amount of habitat information) and three spatial data resolutions (0.09 ha, 4 ha, 10 ha). We tested these models at two levels of analysis: the site level (a homogeneous area <0.5 ha) and cover-type level tan aggregation of many similar sites of a similar (and-cover type), using correspondence between model predictions and species detections to calculate kappa coefficients of agreement. Model performance initially increased as models became more complex until a point was reached where omission errors increased at a rate greater than the rate at which commission errors were decreasing. Heterogeneity of the study areas appeared to influence the effect of model complexity. Changes in model complexity resulted in a greater decrease in commission error than increase in omission error. The effect of spatial data resolution on the performance of BHR models was influenced by the variability of the study area. BHR models performed better at cover-type levels of analysis than at the site level for both study areas. Correct-presence estimates (1 - minus percentage omission error) decreased slightly as number of species detections increased on each study area. Correct-absence estimates (1 - percentage commission error) increased as number of species detections increased on each study area. This suggests that a large number of detections may be necessary to achieve reliable estimates of model accuracy. C1 Univ Idaho, Idaho Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Biol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Idaho, Idaho Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, USGS, Div Biol Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Karl, JW (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Idaho Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jason@pacificbio.org; nmwright@dfg.ca.gov OI Karl, Jason/0000-0002-3326-3806 NR 51 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 11 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 10 IS 6 BP 1690 EP 1705 DI 10.2307/2641232 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 380CG UT WOS:000165680300010 ER PT J AU Curnutt, JL Comiskey, J Nott, MP Gross, LJ AF Curnutt, JL Comiskey, J Nott, MP Gross, LJ TI Landscape-based spatially explicit species index models for Everglades restoration SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Ammodramus maritima mirabilis; Cape Sable Seaside Sparrow; Everglades (Florida, USA); landscape; management decisions, ecological; model, landscape-based; Mycteria americana; restoration; Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus; spatially explicit species index model; species response, relative; wading birds ID SNAIL KITE; FLORIDA; CONSERVATION; HABITAT AB As part of the effort to restore the similar to 10 000-km(2) Everglades drainage in southern Florida, USA, we developed spatially explicit species index (SESI) models of a number of species and species groups. In this paper we describe the methodology and results of three such models: those for the Cape Sable Seaside Sparrow and the Snail Kite, and the species group model of long-legged wading birds. SESI models are designed to produce relative comparisons of one management alternative to a base scenario or to another alternative. The model outputs do not provide an exact quantitative prediction of future biotic group responses, but rather, when applying the same input data and different hydrologic plans, the models provide the best available means to compare the relative response of the biotic groups. We compared four alternative hydrologic management scenarios to a base scenario (i.e., predicted conditions assuming that current water management practices continue). We ranked the results of the comparisons for each set of models. No one scenario was beneficial to all species; however, they provide a uniform assessment, based on the best available observational information, of relative species responses to alternative water-management plans. As such, these models were used extensively in the restoration planning. C1 Univ Tennessee, Inst Environm Modeling, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Curnutt, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Caribbean Sci Ctr, Biol Resource Div, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. NR 29 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 8 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 10 IS 6 BP 1849 EP 1860 DI 10.2307/2641243 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 380CG UT WOS:000165680300021 ER PT J AU Nichols, JD Hines, JE Lebreton, JD Pradel, R AF Nichols, JD Hines, JE Lebreton, JD Pradel, R TI Estimation of contributions to population growth: A reverse-time capture-recapture approach SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE animal population ecology; asymptotic theory of population growth; contributions of demographic components; elasticity; meadow voles; Microtus pennsylvanicus; population growth rate; population projection matrix; reverse-time capture-recapture models ID POLLOCKS ROBUST DESIGN; DEMOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS; LIFE-CYCLES; RECRUITMENT; SURVIVAL; RATES; MODELS; SIZE; REPRODUCTION; IMMIGRATION AB We consider methods for estimating the relative contributions of different demographic components, and their associated vital rates, to population growth. We identify components of the population at time i (including a component for animals not in the population at i). For each such component we ask the following question: "What is the probability that an individual randomly selected from the population at time i + 1 was a member of this component at i?" The estimation methods for these probabilities (gamma (i)) are based on capture-recapture studies of marked animal populations and use reverse-time modeling. We consider several different sampling situations and present example analyses for meadow voles. Microtus pennsylvanicus. The relationship between these gamma (i) parameters and elasticities (and other parameters based on projection matrix asymptotics) is noted and discussed. We conclude by suggesting that model-based asymptotics be viewed as demographic theory and that direct estimation approaches be used to test this theory with data from sampled populations with marked animals. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. CNRS, Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, F-34033 Montpellier 01, France. RP Nichols, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM Jim_Nichols@usgs.gov RI PRADEL, Roger/A-8666-2008 NR 71 TC 125 Z9 128 U1 3 U2 40 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD DEC PY 2000 VL 81 IS 12 BP 3362 EP 3376 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[3362:EOCTPG]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 387QZ UT WOS:000166134400010 ER PT J AU Irwin, ER Noble, RL AF Irwin, ER Noble, RL TI Diel distribution of age-0 largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, in B. E. Jordan Lake, North Carolina (USA) and its relation to cover SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE age-0 largemouth bass; diel movements; assessment bias; habitat ID BEHAVIOR; FISH; SELECTION AB We used prepositioned area electrofishers (PAEs, 10x1.5 m) to assess diel differences in distribution of age-0 largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, in August 1992-1993 in a paired sampling design. PAEs were placed parallel tc, shore in an embayment of an unvegetated reservoir (B. E. Jordan Lake, North Carolina, USA). The catch per unit effort (CPUE=fish/PAE) was significantly higher at night than during the day in both years, indicating that age-0 largemouth bass exhibit nocturnal inshore movements. Age-0 largemouth bass captured inshore during day were smaller than those captured at night, indicating that movement patterns may change ontogenetically. Inshore-offshore movements of age-0 largemouth bass were significantly reduced in the presence of cover, suggesting that diel movements were influenced by specific habitat components. Diel movements likely were related to foraging, resting and predator avoidance behavior and could affect population dynamics and introduce bias in assessment programs. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Irwin, ER (reprint author), Auburn Univ, US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 331 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0906-6691 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD DEC PY 2000 VL 9 IS 4 BP 229 EP 235 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2000.eff090405.x PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 378ZT UT WOS:000165617000005 ER PT J AU Hildenbrand, TG Berger, B Jachens, RC Ludington, S AF Hildenbrand, TG Berger, B Jachens, RC Ludington, S TI Regional crustal structures and their relationship to the distribution of ore deposits in the western United States, based on magnetic and gravity data SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Article ID NEVADA; ANOMALIES; EVOLUTION; MONTANA; STRESS; STYLE; PLATE; RIFT AB Upgraded gravity and magnetic databases and associated filtered-anomaly maps of western United States de fine regional crustal fractures or faults that ma) have guided die emplacement of plutonic rocks and large metallic ore deposits. Fractures, igneous intrusions, and hydrothermal circulation tend to be localized along boundaries of crustal blocks. with geophysical expressions that are enhanced here by wavelength filtering, In particular, we explore the utility. of regional gravity and magnetic data to aid in understanding the distribution of large Mesozoic and Cenozoic ore deposits, primarily epithermal and porphyry precious and base metal deposits and sediment-hosted gold deposits in the western United States cordillera. On the broadest scale, most ore deposits lie within areas characterized by low magnetic properties. The Mesozoic Mother Lode gold belt displays characteristic geophysical signatures (regional gravity high, regional low-to-moderate background magnetic field anomaly: and long curvilinear magnetic highs) that might serve as an exploration guide. Geophysical lineaments characterize the Idaho-Montana porphyry belt and the La Caridad-Mineral Park belt (from northern Mexico to western Arizona) and thus indicate a jeep-seated control for these mineral belts. Large metal accumulations represented by the giant Bingham porphyry copper and the Butte polymetallic vein and porphyry coppers systems lie at intersections of several geophysical lineaments. At a more local scale, geophysical data define deep-rooted faults and magmatic zones that correspond to patterns of epithermal precious metal deposits in western and northern Nevada. Of particular interest is an interpreted dense crustal block with a shape that resembles the elliptical deposit pattern partly formed by the Carlin trend and the Battle Mountain-Eureka mineral belt. We support previous studies, which on a local scale, conclude that structural elements work together to localize mineral deposits within regional zones or belts. This study of mineral deposits of the western United States demonstrates the ability of magnetic and gravity data to elucidate the regional geologic framework or structural setting and to contribute in locating favorable environments for hydrothermal mineralization. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Hildenbrand, TG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,Mail Stop 989, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 84 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 11 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI LITTLETON PA 5808 SOUTH RAPP ST, STE 209, LITTLETON, CO 80120-1942 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 95 IS 8 BP 1583 EP 1603 DI 10.2113/95.8.1583 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 397YZ UT WOS:000166727600002 ER PT J AU Wasowski, J Keefer, DK Jibson, RW AF Wasowski, J Keefer, DK Jibson, RW TI Special issue from the symposium on landslide hazards in seismically active regions SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Italian Natl Res Council, CNR, CERIST, I-70125 Bari, Italy. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Wasowski, J (reprint author), Italian Natl Res Council, CNR, CERIST, Via Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-7952 J9 ENG GEOL JI Eng. Geol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 58 IS 3-4 BP V EP VI DI 10.1016/S0013-7952(00)00036-3 PG 2 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 391CP UT WOS:000166336800001 ER PT J AU Keefer, DK AF Keefer, DK TI Statistical analysis of an earthquake-induced landslide distribution - the 1989 Loma Prieta, California event SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XXIIIrd General Assembly of the Natural-Hazards-Group CY APR 20-24, 1998 CL NICE, FRANCE SP Nat Hazards Grp DE California; earthquake; landslide; Loma Prieta; statistical analysis ID DEFORMATION; SLIP AB The 1989 Loma Prieta, California earthquake (moment magnitude, M=6.9) generated landslides throughout an area of about 15,000 km(2) in central California. Most of these landslides occurred in an area of about 2000 km(2) in the mountainous terrain around the epicenter, where they were mapped during field investigations immediately following the earthquake. The distribution of these landslides is investigated statistically, using regression and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) techniques to determine how the occurrence of landslides correlates with distance from the earthquake source, slope steepness, and rock type. The landslide concentration (defined as the number of landslide sources per unit area) has a strong inverse correlation with distance from the earthquake source and a strong positive correlation with slope steepness. The landslide concentration differs substantially among the various geologic units in the area. The differences correlate to some degree with differences in lithology and degree of induration, but this correlation is less clear, suggesting a more complex relationship between landslide occurrence and rock properties. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Keefer, DK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 43 TC 111 Z9 148 U1 3 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-7952 J9 ENG GEOL JI Eng. Geol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 58 IS 3-4 BP 231 EP 249 DI 10.1016/S0013-7952(00)00037-5 PG 19 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 391CP UT WOS:000166336800002 ER PT J AU Parise, M Jibson, RW AF Parise, M Jibson, RW TI A seismic landslide susceptibility rating of geologic units based on analysis of characteristics of landslides triggered by the 17 January, 1994 Northridge, California earthquake SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XXIIIrd General Assembly of the Natural-Hazards-Group CY APR 20-24, 1998 CL NICE, FRANCE SP Nat Hazards Grp DE California; earthquake; landslide susceptibility; Northridge; seismically induced landslide AB One of the most significant effects of the 17 January, 1994 Northridge, California earthquake (M=6.7) was the triggering of thousands of landslides over a broad area. Some of these landslides damaged and destroyed homes and other structures, blocked roads, disrupted pipelines, and caused other serious damage. Analysis of the distribution and characteristics of these landslides is important in understanding what areas may be susceptible to landsliding in future earthquakes. We analyzed the frequency, distribution, and geometries of triggered landslides in the Santa Susana 7.5' quadrangle, an area of intense seismic landslide activity near the earthquake epicenter. Landslides occurred primarily in young (Late Miocene through Pleistocene) uncemented or very weakly cemented sediment that has been repeatedly folded, faulted, and uplifted in the past 1.5 million years. The most common types of landslide triggered by the earthquake were highly disrupted, shallow falls and slides of rock and debris. Far less numerous were deeper, more coherent slumps and block slides, primarily occurring in more cohesive or competent materials. The landslides in the Santa Susana quadrangle were divided into two samples: single landslides (1502) and landslide complexes (60), which involved multiple coalescing failures of surficial material. We described landslide morphologies by computing simple morphometric parameters (area, length, width, aspect ratio, slope angle). To quantify and rank the relative susceptibility of each geologic unit to seismic landsliding, we calculated two indices: (1) the susceptibility index, which is the ratio (given as a percentage) of the area covered by landslide sources within a geologic unit to the total outcrop area of that unit; and (2) the frequency index [given in landslides per square kilometer (1s/km(2))], which is the total number of landslides within each geologic unit divided by the outcrop area of that unit. Susceptibility categories include very high (>2.5% landslide area or > 30 1s/km(2)), high (1.0-25% landslide area or 10-30 1s/km(2)), moderate (0.5-1.0% landslide area or 3-10 1s/km(2)) and low (<0.5% landslide area and <3 1s/km(2)). (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Res Council, Ctr Studio Risorse Idr & Salvaguardia Terr, I-70125 Bari, Italy. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Parise, M (reprint author), Natl Res Council, Ctr Studio Risorse Idr & Salvaguardia Terr, Via Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy. NR 24 TC 104 Z9 130 U1 3 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-7952 J9 ENG GEOL JI Eng. Geol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 58 IS 3-4 BP 251 EP 270 DI 10.1016/S0013-7952(00)00038-7 PG 20 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 391CP UT WOS:000166336800003 ER PT J AU Jibson, RW Harp, EL Michael, JA AF Jibson, RW Harp, EL Michael, JA TI A method for producing digital probabilistic seismic landslide hazard maps SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XXIIIrd General Assembly of the Natural-Hazards-Group CY APR 20-24, 1998 CL NICE, FRANCE SP Nat Hazards Grp DE earthquakes; GIS; hazard mapping; landslides; seismic hazards AB The 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake is the first earthquake for which we have all of the data sets needed to conduct a rigorous regional analysis of seismic slope instability. These data sets include: (1) a comprehensive inventory of triggered landslides, (2) about 200 strong-motion records of the mainshock, (3) 1:24 000-scale geologic mapping of the region, (4) extensive data on engineering properties of geologic units, and (5) high-resolution digital elevation models of the topography. All of these data sets have been digitized and rasterized at 10 m grid spacing using ARC/INFO GIS software on a UNIX computer. Combining these data sets in a dynamic model based on Newmark's permanent-deformation (sliding-block) analysis yields estimates of coseismic landslide displacement in each grid cell from the Northridge earthquake. The modeled displacements are then compared with the digital inventory of landslides triggered by the Northridge earthquake to construct a probability curve relating predicted displacement to probability of failure. This probability function can be applied to predict and map the spatial variability in failure probability in any ground-shaking conditions of interest. We anticipate that this mapping procedure will be used to construct seismic landslide hazard maps that will assist in emergency preparedness planning and in making rational decisions regarding development and construction in areas susceptible to seismic slope failure. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Jibson, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 25 TC 218 Z9 250 U1 8 U2 58 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-7952 J9 ENG GEOL JI Eng. Geol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 58 IS 3-4 BP 271 EP 289 DI 10.1016/S0013-7952(00)00039-9 PG 19 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 391CP UT WOS:000166336800004 ER PT J AU Wieczorek, GF Morgan, BA Campbell, RH AF Wieczorek, GF Morgan, BA Campbell, RH TI Debris-flow hazards in the Blue Ridge of Central Virginia SO ENVIRONMENTAL & ENGINEERING GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE debris flows; hazards; noncohesive flow; rainfall intensity-duration ID RAINFALL INTENSITY; LANDSLIDES; LAHAR AB The June 27, 1995, storm in Madison County, Virginia produced debris flows and floods that devastated a small (130 km(2)) area of the Blue Ridge in the eastern United States, Although similar debris-flow inducing storm events may return only approximately once every two thousand years to the same given locale, these events affecting a similar small-sized area occur about every three years somewhere in the central and southern Appalachian Mountains. From physical examinations and mapping of debris-flow sources, paths, and deposits in Madison County, we develop methods for identifying areas subject to debris flows using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology. We examined the rainfall intensity and duration characteristics of the June 27, 1995, and other storms, in the Blue Ridge of central Virginia, and have defined a minimum threshold necessary to trigger debris flows in granitic rocks. In comparison with thresholds elsewhere, longer and more intense rainfall is necessary to trigger debris flows in the Blue Ridge. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Wieczorek, GF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 60 TC 78 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 8 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1078-7275 J9 ENVIRON ENG GEOSCI JI Environ. Eng. Geosci. PD WIN PY 2000 VL 6 IS 1 BP 3 EP 23 PG 21 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 346CW UT WOS:000088853900001 ER PT J AU Miles, SB Keefer, DK AF Miles, SB Keefer, DK TI Evaluation of seismic slope-performance models using a regional case study SO ENVIRONMENTAL & ENGINEERING GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE earthquakes; landslides; slope-stability; seismic hazard; GIS; spatial-analysis ID GROUND MOTION; SIMULATION AB This paper compares four permanent displacement models based on Newmark's sliding-block analogy for assessing regional seismic slope-performance, The models vary primarily by the ground-motion descriptor used to correlate with Newmark displacement, The first uses peak ground-acceleration (PGA), The second uses PGA but normalizes displacements by predominant period and equivalent cycles. The third uses Arias intensity, The fourth calculates cumulative displacements from double-integrating simulated earthquake accelerograms. The models are implemented in a GIS to characterize seismic slope-performance for the Oakland East quadrangle near San Francisco, California. The resulting slope-performance maps are compared visually and through statistical analysis to expose potential differences and assess the effects of using a particular approach within a decision-making context. These maps were created for the purpose of comparison and are not suitable for use as critical decision-making tools. The models forecast notably different levels of slope-performance, with the PGA-based models predicting the greatest Newmark displacement on average, Thus, considering the variety of slope-performance models, it is suggested that practitioners avoid reliance on a single model, Instead, multiple models can be implemented in a GIS framework to gain a better perspective of the potential hazard and make a more informed decision. C1 US Geol Survey, Earthquake Hazards Teams, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Miles, SB (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Geog, Box 353550, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM smyles@u.washington.edu OI Miles, Scott B/0000-0003-3968-2347 NR 31 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 9 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1078-7275 J9 ENVIRON ENG GEOSCI JI Environ. Eng. Geosci. PD WIN PY 2000 VL 6 IS 1 BP 25 EP 39 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 346CW UT WOS:000088853900002 ER EF