FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU REHEIS, MC KIHL, R AF REHEIS, MC KIHL, R TI DUST DEPOSITION IN SOUTHERN NEVADA AND CALIFORNIA, 1984-1989 - RELATIONS TO CLIMATE, SOURCE AREA, AND SOURCE LITHOLOGY SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; WIND EROSION; DESERT SOILS; SAHARAN DUST; PRECIPITATION; QUATERNARY; BASIN; PARTICULATE; MINERALOGY AB Dust samples collected annually for 5 years from 55 sites in southern Nevada and California provide the first regional source of information on modern rates of dust deposition, grain size, and mineralogical and chemical composition relative to climate and to type and lithology of dust source. The average silt and clay flux (rate of deposition) in southern Nevada and southeastern California ranges from 4.3 to 15.7 g/m(2)/yr, but in southwestern California the average silt and clay flux is as high as 30 g/m(2)/yr. The climatic factors that affect dust flux interact with each other and with the factors of source type (playas versus alluvium), source lithology, geographic area, and human disturbance, Average dust flux increases with mean annual temperature but is not correlated to decreases in mean annual precipitation because the regional winds bring dust to relatively wet areas. In contrast, annual dust flux mostly reflects changes in annual precipitation (relative drought) rather than temperature. Although playa and alluvial sources produce about the same amount of dust per unit area, the total volume of dust from the more extensive alluvial sources is much larger. In addition, playa and alluvial sources respond differently to annual changes in precipitation. Most playas produce dust that is richer in soluble salts and carbonate than that from alluvial sources (except carbonate-rich alluvium). Gypsum dust may be produced by the interaction of carbonate dust and anthropogenic or marine sulfates. The dust flux in an arid urbanizing area may be as much as twice that before disturbance but decreases when construction stops. The mineralogic and major-oxide composition of the dust samples indicates that sand and some silt is locally derived and deposited, whereas clay and some silt from different sources can be far-traveled. Dust deposited in the Transverse Ranges of California by the Santa Ana winds appears to be mainly derived from sources to the north and east. C1 UNIV COLORADO, INST ARCTIC & ALPINE RES, BOULDER, CO 80403 USA. RP REHEIS, MC (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, FED CTR, MS-913, LAKEWOOD, CO 80225 USA. NR 72 TC 180 Z9 185 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 20 PY 1995 VL 100 IS D5 BP 8893 EP 8918 DI 10.1029/94JD03245 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QZ724 UT WOS:A1995QZ72400004 ER PT J AU HARRIS, RA SIMPSON, RW REASENBERG, PA AF HARRIS, RA SIMPSON, RW REASENBERG, PA TI INFLUENCE OF STATIC STRESS CHANGES ON EARTHQUAKE LOCATIONS IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID LANDER EARTHQUAKE; FAULT; SEQUENCE; DEFORMATION; SEISMICITY; SHEAR AB EARTHQUAKES induce changes in static stress on neighbouring faults that may delay, hasten or even trigger subsequent earthquakes(1-10). The length of time over which such effects persist has a bearing on the potential contribution of stress analyses to earthquake hazard assessment, but is presently unknown. Here we use an elastic half-space model(11) to estimate the static stress changes generated by damaging (magnitude M greater than or equal to 5) earthquakes in southern California over the past 26 years, and to investigate the influence of these changes on subsequent earthquake activity. We find that, in the 1.5-year period following a M greater than or equal to 5 earthquake, any subsequent nearby M greater than or equal to 5 earthquake almost always ruptures a fault that is loaded towards failure by the first earthquake. After this period, damaging earthquakes are equally likely to rupture loaded and relaxed faults. Our results suggest that there is a short period of time following a damaging earthquake in southern California in which simple Coulomb failure stress models could be used to identify regions of increased seismic hazard. RP HARRIS, RA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MAIL STOP 977,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. RI Harris, Ruth/C-4184-2013 OI Harris, Ruth/0000-0002-9247-0768 NR 25 TC 142 Z9 154 U1 1 U2 4 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA 4 LITTLE ESSEX STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND WC2R 3LF SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAY 18 PY 1995 VL 375 IS 6528 BP 221 EP 224 DI 10.1038/375221a0 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA QY881 UT WOS:A1995QY88100058 ER PT J AU FOULGER, GR MILLER, AD JULIAN, BR EVANS, JR AF FOULGER, GR MILLER, AD JULIAN, BR EVANS, JR TI 3-DIMENSIONAL UPSILON (P), AND UPSILON (P)/UPSILON (S) STRUCTURE OF THE HENGILL TRIPLE JUNCTION AND GEOTHERMAL AREA, ICELAND, AND THE REPEATABILITY OF TOMOGRAPHIC INVERSION SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SW ICELAND; EARTHQUAKE; CALIFORNIA; COMPLEX AB We investigate the crustal structure of the Hengill triple junction in southwestern Iceland, ap plying tomographic methods to local earthquake data recorded in two held experiments with different network geometries and instrumentation. Data from the two experiments enable us to derive three-dimensional models of the compressional-wave speed v(p), and the wave-speed ratio v(p)/v(s). Well resolved high-v(p) bodies correlate,with sites of gabbroic intrusions. A small reduction in v(p)/v(s) associated with the high-temperature part of the geothermal area is probably due to mineral alteration or supercritical fluids. The RMS difference between the two v(p) models, about 0.26 km s(-1), indicates the approximate repeatability that may de expected of good tomographic inversions. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,SEISMOL BRANCH,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP FOULGER, GR (reprint author), UNIV DURHAM,DEPT GEOL SCI,DURHAM DH1 3LE,ENGLAND. NR 15 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 1995 VL 22 IS 10 BP 1309 EP 1312 DI 10.1029/94GL03387 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA QZ219 UT WOS:A1995QZ21900038 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, PR STEWART, ICF AF JOHNSON, PR STEWART, ICF TI MAGNETICALLY INFERRED BASEMENT STRUCTURE IN CENTRAL SAUDI-ARABIA SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NUBIAN SHIELD; PROTEROZOIC CRUST; ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE; FAULT SYSTEM; OPHIOLITES; EVOLUTION; ACCRETION; MELANGE; AFRICA; SUDAN AB A compilation of magnetic data acquired during the past three decades for a region in central Saudi Arabia where Precambrian basement is partly exposed on the Arabian shield and partly concealed by overlying Phanerozoic strata, shows a central sector of conspicuous N-S-trending anomalies, a heterogeneous western sector of short-wavelength, high-intensity anomalies, and an eastern sector of low- to moderate-intensity broad-wavelength anomalies. Anomalies in the western and central sectors correlate with Neoproterozoic metavolcanic, metasedimentary, and intrusive rocks of the Arabian shield and are interpreted as delineating extensions of shield-type rocks down-dip beneath Phanerozoic cover. These rocks constitute terranes making up part of a Neoproterozoic orogenic belt that underlies Northeast Africa and western Arabia and it is proposed that their magnetically indicated easternmost extent marks the concealed eastern edge of the orogenic belt in central Arabia. The flat magnetic signature of the eastern sector, not entirely accounted for as an effect of deep burial, may reflect the presence of a crustal block different in character to the terranes of the orogenic belt and, speculatively, may outline a continental block that, according to some tectonic models of the region, collided with the Neoproterozoic terranes and thereby caused their deformation and tectonic accretion. C1 SAUDI ARABIAN OIL CO,DHAHRAN 31311,SAUDI ARABIA. RP JOHNSON, PR (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY MISSION,POB 1488,JEDDAH 21431,SAUDI ARABIA. NR 55 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD MAY 15 PY 1995 VL 245 IS 1-2 BP 37 EP 52 DI 10.1016/0040-1951(94)00179-D PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA RD678 UT WOS:A1995RD67800004 ER PT J AU ELLSWORTH, WL BEROZA, GC AF ELLSWORTH, WL BEROZA, GC TI SEISMIC EVIDENCE FOR AN EARTHQUAKE NUCLEATION PHASE SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SUPERSTITION HILLS; STRONG-MOTION; BRIGHT SPOT; RUPTURE; PROPAGATION; PARAMETERS; CALIFORNIA; PRECURSORS; INVERSION; VELOCITY AB Near-source observations show that earthquakes initiate with a distinctive seismic nucleation phase that is characterized by a low rate of moment release relative to the rest of the event. This phase was observed for the 30 earthquakes having moment magnitudes 2.6 to 8.1, and the size and duration of this phase scale with the eventual size of the earthquake. During the nucleation phase, moment release was irregular and appears to have been confined to a limited region of the fault. It was characteristically followed by quadratic growth in the moment rate as rupture began to propagate away from the nucleation zone. These observations suggest that the nucleation process exerts a strong influence on the size of the eventual earthquake. C1 STANFORD UNIV,DEPT GEOPHYS,STANFORD,CA 94305. RP ELLSWORTH, WL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 50 TC 205 Z9 218 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER ASSOC ADVAN SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1333 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 12 PY 1995 VL 268 IS 5212 BP 851 EP 855 DI 10.1126/science.268.5212.851 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA QX850 UT WOS:A1995QX85000031 PM 17792179 ER PT J AU SAVAGE, JC LISOWSKI, M AF SAVAGE, JC LISOWSKI, M TI GEODETIC MONITORING OF THE SOUTHERN SAN-ANDREAS FAULT, CALIFORNIA, 1980-1991 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID STRAIN ACCUMULATION; EARTHQUAKE AB Five geodetic arrays (10 to 40 km aperture) located along the San Andreas fault have been surveyed frequently (several times in most years) over the 1980-1991 interval to detect possible fluctuations in the deformation rate. In each survey of an array the distances between the same four to seven pairs of geodetic monuments were measured. The distances measured (with corresponding standard deviation) range from 8.4 km (3.4 mm) to 38 km (8.2 mm). The data are displayed as plots of measured distance as a function of time. Linear fits in such plots furnish a satisfactory representation of the data. That is, the scatter of the data about the linear fits is within the range expected for the estimated standard deviations in measurement. However, there are coherent low-amplitude (within the observational error) fluctuations apparent in some of the measured distances. Those fluctuations need not be tectonic effects but rather may be either random patterns or artifacts introduced by systematic drift in instrument calibration or wander of the geodetic monuments. We conclude that the measurements are consistent with steady deformation of the arrays over the 1980-1991 interval, and we find no convincing evidence in the data for fluctuations in the rate of deformation. RP SAVAGE, JC (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, 345 MIDDLEFIELD RD, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAY 10 PY 1995 VL 100 IS B5 BP 8185 EP 8192 DI 10.1029/95JB00611 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QX769 UT WOS:A1995QX76900009 ER PT J AU WALLACE, MH DELANEY, PT AF WALLACE, MH DELANEY, PT TI DEFORMATION OF KILAUEA VOLCANO DURING 1982 AND 1983 - A TRANSITION PERIOD SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID HAWAII; MAGMA; SYSTEMS; MECHANICS AB A major transition in the style of deformation of Kilauea volcano occurred during the period January 1982 through November 1983. Prior to 1983, the deformation was dominated by magma intrusions, rapid extension of the summit, and seaward movement of the south flank. The pattern of activity changed to magma eruption and slowed deformation of the volcanic edifice in January 1983. An earthquake swarm in the southwest rift zone in June 1982 and an intrusion of a large dike in the east rift zone in January 1983 prepared the volcano for the eruptive sequences that continue today. We estimate the sources of surface displacements associated with these events using a least squares nonlinear inversion technique and planar dislocations. The models are constrained with measurements of line length changes and of surface height changes from tide gauges, water wells, and spirit-level tilt data. Deformation associated with the 1982 earthquake swarm is best modeled as the emplacement of a steeply dipping dike in the upper and middle southwest rift zone extending from 2-3 km to 10-11 km depth with a width of similar to 1-2 m. Tilt measurements gathered at the time of the earthquake swarm record a small deflation of Kilauea's summit; however, trilateration data indicate the summit was rapidly extending in 1982. The extension and our models are consistent with seaward slip of the south flank on a low-angle basal thrust fault. Dislocation models of the January 1983 dike intrusion yield a 14- to 15-km-long dike along the zone of observed ground rupture, The dike extends from just below the surface to the region of the most intense rift zone seismicity at 4-5 km depth. A strong nonlinear relationship among height, dip, and width results in a suite of models that explain the data equally well. Tests of parameter sensitivity indicate that the dike width and height are the least constrained parameters; the best fit average width ranges from 1.7 to 2.8 m, Our models also include a source of contraction at similar to 5 km depth that produces 40 cm of ground subsidence near Makaopuhi, the point of initiation of the intrusion. This location is consistent with geochemical and seismic evidence that indicate magma is stored in the rift zone. Residual errors for all models indicate that substantial line-length changes are unexplained. Seaward motions of the south flank during 1982 and 1983 are not well modeled by simple dikes and summit deflations; however, attempts to constrain low-angle faults in the south flank were only partly successful due to the limited extent of the geodetic networks. C1 US GEOL SURVEY, FLAGSTAFF, AZ 86001 USA. NR 36 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAY 10 PY 1995 VL 100 IS B5 BP 8201 EP 8219 DI 10.1029/95JB00235 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QX769 UT WOS:A1995QX76900011 ER PT J AU FARMER, GL GLAZNER, AF WILSHIRE, HG WOODEN, JL PICKTHORN, WJ KATZ, M AF FARMER, GL GLAZNER, AF WILSHIRE, HG WOODEN, JL PICKTHORN, WJ KATZ, M TI ORIGIN OF LATE CENOZOIC BASALTS AT THE CIMA VOLCANIC FIELD, MOJAVE DESERT, CALIFORNIA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; RIO-GRANDE RIFT; ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; LITHOSPHERIC MANTLE; GREAT-BASIN; ROCKS; EVOLUTION; CRUSTAL; USA AB Major element, trace element, and isotopic data from late Cenozoic alkali basalts comprising the Cima volcanic field, southeastern California, are used to characterize basalt sources beneath this portion of the Mojave Desert over the past 8 m.y. The basalts are dominantly trachybasalts with trace element compositions similar to modern ocean-island basalts (GIB), regardless of the presence or absence of mantle-derived xenoliths. In detail, the basalts can be divided into three groups based on their ages and on their trace element and isotopic characteristics. Those basalts <1 m.y. in age, and the majority of those 3-5 m.y. old, belong to Group 1 defined by high epsilon Nd values (7.6 to 9.3), low Sr-87/Sr-86 (0.7028 to 0.7040), low whole rock delta(18)O (5.8 parts per thousand to 6.4 parts per thousand), and a restricted range of Pb isotopic compositions that generally plot on the mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORE) portion of the northern hemisphere reference line. The 3 to 5-m.y.-old basalts have rare earth element (REE) and other incompatible element abundances that increase regularly with decreasing %MgO and apparently have undergone more extensive differentiation than the younger, <1 m.y.-old basalts. The Group 2 and 3 basalts are minor constituents of the preserved volcanic material, but are consistently older (5-7.6 m.y.) and have lower epsilon Nd (5.1 to 7.5) values than the Group 1 basalts. These basalts have distinctive trace element signatures, with the Group 2 basalts having higher Ni, lower Hf, and slightly lower middle REE abundances than the Group 1 basalts, while the Group 3 basalts are characterized by higher and more fractionated REE abundances, as well as higher Ca, P, Ti, Th, Ta, and Sc contents. The isotopic and trace element characteristics of all the basalts are interpreted to have been largely inherited from their mantle source regions. The isotopic compositions of the Group 1 basalts overlap the values for Pacific MORE and for late Cenozoic basalts in the California Coast Ranges interpreted to have been derived from upwelling MORE asthenosphere. We suggest that the Group 1 basalts were all derived from light REE (LREE)-enriched portions of the Pacific MORE source, which rose into the slab ''gap'' that developed beneath the southwestern United States during the late Cenozoic transition from a convergent to a transform plate margin. The Group 2 and 3 basalts either represent smaller degrees of melting of the MORE source, or melting of mafic portions of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle currently present beneath the region. Ancient, LREE-enriched mantle lithosphere has not been a primary source of basaltic magmatism in this region at any time over the past 8 m.y. C1 UNIV COLORADO, DEPT GEOL SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. UNIV N CAROLINA, DEPT GEOL, CHAPEL HILL, NC 27599 USA. US GEOL SURVEY, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. RP FARMER, GL (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO, CIRES, CAMPUS BOX 216, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NR 79 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAY 10 PY 1995 VL 100 IS B5 BP 8399 EP 8415 DI 10.1029/95JB00070 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QX769 UT WOS:A1995QX76900025 ER PT J AU MOONEY, WD AF MOONEY, WD TI SEISMOLOGY - CONTINENTAL ROOTS GO WITH THE FLOW SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID ANISOTROPY RP MOONEY, WD (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS 977,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94925, USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA 4 LITTLE ESSEX STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND WC2R 3LF SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAY 4 PY 1995 VL 375 IS 6526 BP 15 EP 15 DI 10.1038/375015a0 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA QW604 UT WOS:A1995QW60400030 ER PT J AU SHANKS, WC AF SHANKS, WC TI MID-OCEAN RIDGES - REBIRTH OF A SEA-FLOOR VENT SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID PACIFIC RISE CREST; HYDROTHERMAL FLUIDS; FUCA RIDGE; SYSTEMATICS; CHEMISTRY; FIELD; JUAN RP SHANKS, WC (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,GEOCHEM BRANCH,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA 4 LITTLE ESSEX STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND WC2R 3LF SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAY 4 PY 1995 VL 375 IS 6526 BP 18 EP 19 DI 10.1038/375018a0 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA QW604 UT WOS:A1995QW60400033 ER PT J AU ROBIE, RA HUEBNER, JS HEMINGWAY, BS AF ROBIE, RA HUEBNER, JS HEMINGWAY, BS TI HEAT-CAPACITIES AND THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF BRAUNITE (MN7SIO12) AND RHODONITE (MNSIO3) SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID OCEANIC SPREADING CENTERS; MN-SI-O; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; H2O-CO2 MIXTURES; MANGANESE OXIDE; REVISED VALUES; TOTAL PRESSURE; BIXBYITE; PYROXMANGITE; ENTROPIES AB The heat capacities, COP0, of synthetic rhodonite (MnSiO3) and braunite (Mn7SiO12) have been measured by adiabatic calorimetry from 6 to similar to 350 K. The heat capacity of braunite was also measured to similar to 900 K by differential scanning calorimetry. Braunite exhibits a lambda-peak (paramagnetic to antiferromagnetic transition) in COP0 in the temperature region 93.4-94.2 K. Rhodonite did not show the expected peak in COP0 characteristic of the cooperative ordering of the Mn2+ spins at temperatures above 6 K. At 298.15 K the standard molar entropy of rhodonite is 100.5 +/- 1.0 and that of braunite is 416.4 +/- 0.8 J/(mol . K). For rhodonite, Delta(f)H(0)(MnSiO3, 298.15 K) is -1321.6 +/- 2.0 kJ/mol. For braunite, the value for Delta(f)H(0)(Mn7SiO12, 298.15 K), -4260 +/- 3.0 kJ/mol, was obtained by considering both calorimetric and phase-equilibrium data. Our heat capacity and entropy values were combined with existing thermodynamic data for MnCO3, CO2, SiO2, MnO, and Mn3O4 in a ''third-law'' analysis of several phase equilibrium studies and yielded Delta(f)G(0)(MnSiO3, 298.15 K) = -1244.7 +/- 2.0 kJ/mol and Delta(f)G(0)(Mn7SiO12, 298.15 K) = -3944.7 +/- 3.8 kJ/mol from the elements. A revised petrogenetic grid for the system Mn-Si-O-C at 2000 bars is presented and is consistent with both thermochemical values and occurrence of natural assemblages. RP ROBIE, RA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,959 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 77 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 9 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1130 17TH ST NW SUITE 330, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 80 IS 5-6 BP 560 EP 575 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA RF781 UT WOS:A1995RF78100015 ER PT J AU KIMBALL, BA CALLENDER, E AXTMANN, EV AF KIMBALL, BA CALLENDER, E AXTMANN, EV TI EFFECTS OF COLLOIDS ON METAL TRANSPORT IN A RIVER RECEIVING ACID-MINE DRAINAGE, UPPER ARKANSAS RIVER, COLORADO, USA SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TRACE-ELEMENT CONCENTRATIONS; IRON PHOTOREDUCTION; MOUNTAIN STREAM; WATERS; SURFACE; ULTRAFILTRATION; ADSORPTION; SEDIMENTS; OXIDATION; ALUMINUM AB Inflows of metal-rich, acidic water that drain from mine dumps and tailings piles in the Leadville, Colorado, area enter the non-acidic water in the upper Arkansas River. Hydrous iron oxides precipitate as colloids and move downstream in suspension, particularly downstream from California Gulch, which has been the major source of metal loads. The colloids influence the concentrations of metals dissolved in the water and the concentrations in bed sediments. To determine the role of colloids, samples of water, colloids, and fine-grained bed sediment were obtained at stream-gaging sites on the upper Arkansas River and at the mouths of major tributaries over a 250-km reach. Dissolved and colloidal metal concentrations in the water column were operationally defined using tangential-flow filtration through 0.001-mu m membranes to separate the water and the colloids. Surface-extractable and total bed sediment metal concentrations were obtained on the <60-mu m fraction of the bed sediment. The highest concentrations of metals in water, colloids, and bed sediments occurred just downstream from California Gulch. Iron dominated the colloid composition, but substantial concentrations of As Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn also occurred in the colloidal solids. The colloidal toad decreased by one half in the first 50 km downstream from the mining inflows due to sedimentation of aggregated colloids to the streambed. Nevertheless, a substantial load of colloids was transported through the entire study reach to Pueblo Reservoir. Dissolved metals were dominated by Mn and Zn, and their concentrations remained relatively high throughout the 250-km reach. The composition of extractable and total metals in bed sediment for several kilometers downstream from California Gulch is similar to the composition of the colloids that settle to the bed. Substantial concentrations of Mn and Zn were extractable, which is consistent with sediment-water chemical reaction. Concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Zn in bed sediment clearly result from the influence of mining near Leadville. Concentrations of Fe and Cu in bed sediments are nearly equal to concentrations in colloids for about 10 km downstream from California Gulch. Farther downstream, concentrations of Fe and Cu in tributary sediments mask the signal of mining inflows. These results indicate that colloids indeed influence the occurrence and transport of metals in rivers affected by mining. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,BOULDER,CO 80303. US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR MS 432,RESTON,VA 22092. RP KIMBALL, BA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,1745 W 1700 S RM 1016,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84104, USA. NR 72 TC 124 Z9 128 U1 3 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 10 IS 3 BP 285 EP 306 DI 10.1016/0883-2927(95)00011-8 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA RF302 UT WOS:A1995RF30200003 ER PT J AU CLAASSEN, HC HALM, DR AF CLAASSEN, HC HALM, DR TI PERFORMANCE-CHARACTERISTICS OF AN AUTOMATED WET DEPOSITION COLLECTOR AND POSSIBLE EFFECT ON COMPUTED ANNUAL DEPOSITION SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE AEROCHEM PERFORMANCE; ERRORS; PRECIPITATION RATE; RAINFALL RATE; SNOWFALL RATE AB Performance characteristics of what is believed to be a typical automated wet deposition collector were examined. For properly functioning collectors, the primary characteristic affecting wet deposition collection efficiency was found to be precipitation rate. Low precipitation rates resulted in the early precipitation not being collected; often at very low, but typical, rates no precipitation was collected. This results in underreporting of both precipitation amounts (if raingage data are not used) and wet deposition, even if corrections to deposition are made using raingage data. This is true because the early precipitation contains the largest solute concentrations. A precipitation scavenging model was used to estimate the amount df wet deposition uncollected for a wide range of precipitation rates and amounts. Correction factors that could be applied to published data for semi-arid sites similar to those in Colorado were developed. The most probable, but conservative, estimate of corrected wet deposition was found to be: true wet deposition = 1.10 to 1.25 (measured wet deposition). RP CLAASSEN, HC (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 29 IS 9 BP 1021 EP 1026 DI 10.1016/1352-2310(94)00341-H PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RD130 UT WOS:A1995RD13000007 ER PT J AU RATTNER, BA CAPIZZI, JL KING, KA LECAPTAIN, LJ MELANCON, MJ AF RATTNER, BA CAPIZZI, JL KING, KA LECAPTAIN, LJ MELANCON, MJ TI EXPOSURE AND EFFECTS OF OIL-FIELD BRINE DISCHARGES ON WESTERN SANDPIPERS (CALIDRIS-MAURI) IN NUECES BAY, TEXAS SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CRUDE-OIL; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; SHOREBIRDS; INDUCTION; FRACTIONS; RESIDUES C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,PATUXENT ENVIRONM SCI CTR,NATL BIOL SURVEY,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PHOENIX,AZ 85019. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,SPOKANE,WA 99206. RP RATTNER, BA (reprint author), PATUXENT ENVIRONM SCI CTR,NATL BIOL SURVEY,12011 BEECH FOREST RD,LAUREL,MD 20708, USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 54 IS 5 BP 683 EP 689 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA QL345 UT WOS:A1995QL34500008 PM 7780210 ER PT J AU LELAND, HV AF LELAND, HV TI DISTRIBUTION OF PHYTOBENTHOS IN THE YAKIMA RIVER BASIN, WASHINGTON, IN RELATION TO GEOLOGY, LAND-USE, AND OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Review ID CANONICAL CORRESPONDENCE-ANALYSIS; NEW-ZEALAND RIVERS; AGRICULTURAL STREAMS; DIATOM ASSEMBLAGES; PERIPHYTON GROWTH; CANADA LAKES; CLASSIFICATION; PHOSPHORUS; FOREST; COMMUNITIES AB Benthic-algal distributions in the Yakima River, Washington, basin were examined in relation to geology, land use, water chemistry, and stream habitat using indicator-species classification (TWINSPAN) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Algal assemblages identified by TWINSPAN were each associated with a narrow range of water-quality conditions. In the Cascade geologic province, where timber harvest and grazing are the dominant land uses, differences in community structure (CCA site scores) and concentrations of major ions (Ca and Mg) and nutrients (solute P, SiO2 and inorganic N) varied with dominant rock type of the basin. In agricultural areas of the Columbia Plateau province, differences in phytobenthos structure were based primarily on the degree of enrichment of dissolved solids, inorganic N, and solute P from irrigation-return flows and subsurface drainage. Habitat characteristics strongly correlated with community structure included reach altitude, turbidity, substratum embeddedness (Columbia Plateau), large woody-debris density (Cascade Range), and composition and density of the riparian vegetation. Algal biomass (AFDM) correlated with composition and density of the riparian vegetation but not with measured chemical-constituent concentrations. Nitrogen limitation in streams of the Cascade Range favored nitrogen-fixing blue-green algae and diatoms with endosymbiotic blue-greens, whereas nitrogen heterotrophs were abundant in agricultural areas of the Columbia Plateau. RP LELAND, HV (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 104 TC 97 Z9 113 U1 2 U2 21 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 52 IS 5 BP 1108 EP 1129 DI 10.1139/f95-108 PG 22 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA RX749 UT WOS:A1995RX74900021 ER PT J AU PETTY, JD HUCKINS, JN MARTIN, DB ADORNATO, TG AF PETTY, JD HUCKINS, JN MARTIN, DB ADORNATO, TG TI USE OF SEMIPERMEABLE-MEMBRANE DEVICES (SPMDS) TO DETERMINE BIOAVAILABLE ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDE-RESIDUES IN STREAMS RECEIVING IRRIGATION DRAIN WATER SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; FISH; ACCUMULATION AB The semipermeable membrane device (SPMD), consisting of a neutral lipid (triolein) enclosed in polyethylene layflat tubing, is very effective in sequestering bioavailable organochlorine (OC) pesticides in the environment. We used SPMDs to sequester OC pesticide residues in streams receiving irrigation drainwater and found toxaphene, the DDT complex, dieldrin, and endrin. Ambient water concentrations of the OC pesticides were calculated using an algorithm developed previously. Toxaphene residues were estimated to range from 300 to 7,000 ng/L. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,TULSA,OK 74127. RP PETTY, JD (reprint author), NATL BIOL SERV,4200 NEW HAVEN RD,COLUMBIA,MO 65201, USA. NR 24 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD MAY PY 1995 VL 30 IS 10 BP 1891 EP 1903 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(95)00070-O PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RC344 UT WOS:A1995RC34400005 ER PT J AU DUBROVSKII, VA SERGEEV, VN FUIS, GS AF DUBROVSKII, VA SERGEEV, VN FUIS, GS TI GENERALIZED ISOSTASY CONDITION SO DOKLADY AKADEMII NAUK LA Russian DT Article C1 US GEOL SURVEY,WASHINGTON,DC 20242. RP DUBROVSKII, VA (reprint author), OY SHMIDT EARTH PHYS JOINT INST,MOSCOW,RUSSIA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEZHDUNARODNAYA KNIGA PI MOSCOW PA 39 DIMITROVA UL., 113095 MOSCOW, RUSSIA SN 0869-5652 J9 DOKL AKAD NAUK+ JI Dokl. Akad. Nauk PD MAY PY 1995 VL 342 IS 1 BP 105 EP 107 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA RJ280 UT WOS:A1995RJ28000028 ER PT J AU PARK, JK BUCHAN, KL HARLAN, SS AF PARK, JK BUCHAN, KL HARLAN, SS TI A PROPOSED GIANT RADIATING DYKE SWARM FRAGMENTED BY THE SEPARATION OF LAURENTIA AND AUSTRALIA BASED ON PALEOMAGNETISM OF CA.780 MA MAFIC INTRUSIONS IN WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NORTHWESTERN CANADA; PRECAMBRIAN PALEOMAGNETISM; MACKENZIE MOUNTAINS; IGNEOUS EVENTS; UNITED-STATES; MANTLE PLUME; RECONSTRUCTIONS; FRANKLIN; BREAKUP; AGE AB We propose that mafic dykes and sheets, recently dated at 780 Ma, in three widely separated areas of western North America (the Canadian Shield, the Mackenzie Mountains in the northern Cordillera, and the Wyoming Province) may represent subswarms of a giant radiating dyke swarm. Paleomagnetic data from these intrusions demonstrate the general tectonic integrity of the whole region, which further suggests that relative strikes of the subswarms are primary. The roughly radial pattern of the subswarms is focused off the western coast of North America and may define the ancient location, relative to North America, of a mantle plume responsible for the giant radiating dyke swarm. We suggest that the recently proposed ca. 800 Ma plume centre defined by the Willouran volcanic rocks in central-southern Australia and the associated Gairdner dyke swarm could represent, respectively, the missing plume centre and a missing subswarm of our proposed giant radiating dyke swarm. If so, the giant radiating dyke swarm was fragmented sometime after 780 Ma by the breakup of the supercontinent which included Laurentia and Australia. Indeed, the 780 Ma magmatism may have been a precursor to the breakup. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. RP PARK, JK (reprint author), GEOL SURVEY CANADA,DIV CONTINENTAL GEOSCI,601 BOOTH ST,OTTAWA,ON K1A 0E8,CANADA. NR 55 TC 137 Z9 149 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 132 IS 1-4 BP 129 EP 139 DI 10.1016/0012-821X(95)00059-L PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA RE226 UT WOS:A1995RE22600011 ER PT J AU BANTLE, J BOWERMAN, WW CAREY, C COLBORN, T DEGUISE, S DODSON, S FACEMIRE, CF FOX, G FRY, M GILBERTSON, M GRASMAN, K GROSS, T GUILLETTE, L HENNY, C HENSHEL, DS HOSE, JE KLEIN, PA KUBIAK, TJ LAHVIS, G PALMER, B PETERSON, C RAMSAY, M WHITE, D AF BANTLE, J BOWERMAN, WW CAREY, C COLBORN, T DEGUISE, S DODSON, S FACEMIRE, CF FOX, G FRY, M GILBERTSON, M GRASMAN, K GROSS, T GUILLETTE, L HENNY, C HENSHEL, DS HOSE, JE KLEIN, PA KUBIAK, TJ LAHVIS, G PALMER, B PETERSON, C RAMSAY, M WHITE, D TI STATEMENT FROM THE WORK SESSION ON ENVIRONMENTALLY-INDUCED ALTERATIONS IN DEVELOPMENT - A FOCUS ON WILDLIFE SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 WORLD WILDLIFE FUND, WILDLIFE & CONTAMINANTS PROGRAM, WASHINGTON, DC 20037 USA. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV, COLL ARTS & SCI, STILLWATER, OK 74078 USA. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, CTR ENVIRONM TOXICOL, PESTICIDE RES CTR, DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE, E LANSING, MI 48824 USA. UNIV COLORADO, DEPT EPO BIOL, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. UNIV QUEBEC, MONTREAL, PQ H3C 3P8, CANADA. UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT ZOOL, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, ATLANTA, GA USA. ENVIRONM CANADA, CANADIAN WILDLIFE SERV, HULL, PQ, CANADA. UNIV CALIF DAVIS, DEPT AVIAN SCI, DAVIS, CA 95616 USA. INT JOINT COMMISS, GREAT LAKES REG OFF, WINDSOR, ON N9A 6T3, CANADA. CALVIN COLL, DEPT BIOL, GRAND RAPIDS, MI 49506 USA. UNIV FLORIDA, ICBR, BEECS PROGRAM, GAINESVILLE, FL USA. UNIV FLORIDA, DEPT ZOOL, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 USA. NATL BIOL SURVEY, NW RES GRP, CORVALLIS, OR USA. INDIANA UNIV, BLOOMINGTON, IN USA. OCCIDENTAL UNIV, LOS ANGELES, CA USA. UNIV FLORIDA, COLL MED, GAINESVILLE, FL USA. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, CONTAMINANT PREVENT INVEST & BIOMONITORING BRANCH, ARLINGTON, VA USA. UNIV MARYLAND, SCH MED, DEPT MICROBIOL, BALTIMORE, MD 21201 USA. OHIO UNIV, COLL OSTEOPATH MED, DEPT BIOL SCI, ATHENS, OH 45701 USA. IDAHO STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOL SCI, POCATELLO, ID 83209 USA. UNIV SASKATCHEWAN, DEPT BIOL, SASKATOON, SK S7N 0W0, CANADA. UNIV GEORGIA, SCH FOREST RESOURCES, NATL BIOL SURVEY, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 103 SU 4 BP 3 EP 5 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA RC577 UT WOS:A1995RC57700001 ER PT J AU HENNY, CJ RUDIS, DD ROFFE, TJ ROBINSONWILSON, E AF HENNY, CJ RUDIS, DD ROFFE, TJ ROBINSONWILSON, E TI CONTAMINANTS AND SEA DUCKS IN ALASKA AND THE CIRCUMPOLAR REGION SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Environmentally Induced Alterations in Development: A Focus on Wildlife CY DEC 10-12, 1993 CL RACINE, WI DE ALASKA; EIDERS; SCOTERS; OLDSQUAW; CADMIUM; SELENIUM; METALS; POPULATION DECLINES; ENDANGERED SPECIES ID DIETARY-CADMIUM; MALLARD DUCKS; HEAVY-METALS; MERCURY; SELENIUM; BIRDS; LEAD; METALLOTHIONEIN; REPRODUCTION; KIDNEYS AB We review nesting sea duck population declines in Alaska during recent decades and explore the possibility that contaminants may be implicated. Aerial surveys of the surf scoter (Melanitta perspicilata), white-winged scorer (M. fusca), black scoter (M. nigra), oldsquaw (Clangula hyemalis), spectacled elder (Somateria fischen), and Steller's elder (Polysticta stellen) show long-term breeding population declines, especially the latter three species. The spectacled elder was recently classified threatened under the Endangered Species Act. In addition, three other diving ducks, which commonly winter in coastal areas, have declined from unknown causes. Large die-offs of all three species of scoters during molt, a period of high energy demand, were documented in August 1990, 1991, and 1992 at coastal reefs in southeastern Alaska. There was no evidence of infectious diseases in those scoters. The die-offs may or may not be associated with the long-term declines. Many scoters had elevated renal concentrations of cadmium (high of 375 mu g/g dry weight [dw]). Effects of cadmium in sea ducks are not well understood. Selenium concentrations in livers of nesting white-winged scoters were high; however, the eggs they laid contained less selenium than expected based on relationships for freshwater bird species. Histological evaluation found a high prevalence of hepatocellular vacuolation (49%), a degenerative change frequently associated with sublethal toxic insult. Cadmium and selenium mean liver concentrations were generally higher in those birds with more severe vacuolation; however, relationships were not statistically significant. We do not know if sea duck population declines are related to metals or other contaminants. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,JUNEAU,AK. NATL BIOL SURVEY,NATL WILDLIFE HLTH CTR,MADISON,WI. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ANCHORAGE,AK. RP HENNY, CJ (reprint author), NATL BIOL SURVEY,CTR FOREST & RANGELAND ECOSYST SCI,3080 SE CLEARWATER DR,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 55 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 15 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 103 SU 4 BP 41 EP 49 DI 10.2307/3432411 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA RC577 UT WOS:A1995RC57700008 PM 7556023 ER PT J AU FACEMIRE, CF GROSS, TS GUILLETTE, LJ AF FACEMIRE, CF GROSS, TS GUILLETTE, LJ TI REPRODUCTIVE IMPAIRMENT IN THE FLORIDA PANTHER - NATURE OR NURTURE SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Environmentally Induced Alterations in Development: A Focus on Wildlife CY DEC 10-12, 1993 CL RACINE, WI DE DDE; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; MERCURY; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTERS; FLORIDA PANTHER; FELIS CONCOLOR; REPRODUCTIVE IMPAIRMENT; CRYPTORCHID; ESTRADIOL; TESTOSTERONE ID FELIS-CONCOLOR; GERM-CELLS; RATS; DIETHYLSTILBESTROL; EJACULATE; EXPOSURE; CHEETAH; LEOPARD; BENOMYL; PUMA AB Many of the remaining members of the endangered Florida panther (Felis concolor coryi) population suffer from one or more of a variety of physiological, reproductive, endocrine, and immune system defects including congenital heart defects, abnormal sperm, low sperm density, cryp-torchidism, thyroid dysfunction, and possible immunosuppression. Mercury contamination, determined to be the cause of death of a female panther in 1989, was presented as the likely cause of thyroid dysfunction. As genetic diversity in the species was less than expected, all of the other abnormalities have been attributed to inbreeding. However, exposure to a variety of chemical compounds, especially those that have been identified as environmental endocrine disrupters (including mercury, p,p'-DDE, and polychlorinated biphenyls), has elicited all of the listed abnormalities in other species. A number of these contaminants are present in South Florida. An exposure pathway has been identified, and evidence presented in this paper, including the fact that there appears to be no significant difference between serum estradiol levels in males and females, suggests that many mate panthers may have been demasculinized and feminized as a result of either prenatal or postnatal exposure. Thus, regardless of the effects of inbreeding, current evidence seems to indicate that environmental contaminants may be a major factor contributing to reproductive impairment in the Florida panther population. C1 UNIV FLORIDA, DEPT ZOOL, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 USA. RP FACEMIRE, CF (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, 1875 CENTURY BLVD, SUITE 200, ATLANTA, GA 30345 USA. NR 58 TC 191 Z9 198 U1 13 U2 83 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 103 SU 4 BP 79 EP 86 DI 10.2307/3432416 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA RC577 UT WOS:A1995RC57700013 PM 7556029 ER PT J AU ALLEN, GT NASH, TJ JANES, DE AF ALLEN, GT NASH, TJ JANES, DE TI CONTAMINANTS EVALUATION OF MARAIS-DES-CYGNES-NATIONAL-WILDLIFE-REFUGE IN KANSAS AND MISSOURI, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE CONTAMINANTS; KANSAS; MISSOURI; MARAIS DES CYGNES; NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE; SEDIMENTS; FISH ID FRESH-WATER FISH; UNITED-STATES; HEAVY-METALS; GRAIN-SIZE; BIOMONITORING PROGRAM; STREAM SEDIMENTS; RIVER; SELENIUM; MERCURY; LEAD AB At the new Marais des Cygnes National Wildlife Refuge in Linn County, Kansas, and Bates County, Missouri, USA, we evaluated long-lived contaminants before acquisition of the land for the refuge. We sampled sediments at 16 locations and fish at seven locations. The samples were analyzed for metals and for chlorinated hydrocarbon compounds. Selected sediment samples also were analyzed for aliphatic hydrocarbons. Arsenic concentrations in sediment samples from six locations were elevated compared to US norms, but arsenic was not detected in any fish composite. Mercury concentrations in largemouth bass from two locations were comparable to the 85th percentile concentrations in nationwide fish collections. Most sediment concentrations of other metals were unlikely to have detrimental effects on biota. No chlorinated hydrocarbons were detected in any sediment sample. Chlordane compound concentrations in fish composites from two sites at the eastern end of the sampling area were 0.127 and 0.228 mu g/g wet weight, respectively, which are high enough to cause concern. Most aliphatic hydrocarbons detected were found at low concentrations and probably were natural in origin. We concluded that there are no serious contaminants concerns within the project area, but past use of arsenical pesticides may mean a legacy of elevated soil arsenic levels in parts of the area and some use of banned pesticides such as chlordane and DDT likely is still occurring near the refuge. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,COLUMBIA,MO 65205. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,DENVER FED CTR,DIV REALTY REFUGES & WILDLIFE,DENVER,CO 80225. RP ALLEN, GT (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,315 HOUSTON ST,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 19 IS 3 BP 393 EP 404 DI 10.1007/BF02471981 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QR833 UT WOS:A1995QR83300008 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, HE SHILLER, AM AF TAYLOR, HE SHILLER, AM TI MISSISSIPPI RIVER METHODS COMPARISON STUDY - IMPLICATIONS FOR WATER-QUALITY MONITORING OF DISSOLVED TRACE-ELEMENTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NATIONS RIVERS; UNITED-STATES; TRENDS; LEAD AB Recent reports have questioned the validity of dissolved trace element concentrations reported by the U.S. Geological Survey's National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN) as well as by other water-quality monitoring programs. To address these concerns and to evaluate the NASQAN protocols, the U.S. Geological Survey undertook the Mississippi River Methods Comparison Study. We report here the major results and implications of this study. In particular, we confirm the possible inaccuracy of previous NASQAN dissolved trace element data. The results suggest that all steps of the NASQAN protocol (sampling, processing, and analysis) require revision, though the sample filtration step appears to be of particular concern. C1 UNIV SO MISSISSIPPI,CTR MARINE SCI,BAY ST LOUIS,MS 39528. RP TAYLOR, HE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,3215 MARINE ST,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 26 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1313 EP 1317 DI 10.1021/es00005a025 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QV750 UT WOS:A1995QV75000036 PM 22192027 ER PT J AU KILE, DE CHIOU, CT ZHOU, HD LI, H XU, OY AF KILE, DE CHIOU, CT ZHOU, HD LI, H XU, OY TI PARTITION OF NONPOLAR ORGANIC POLLUTANTS FROM WATER TO SOIL AND SEDIMENT ORGANIC MATTERS SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SORPTION; EQUILIBRIA; ADSORPTION; MECHANISM; MINERALS AB The partition coefficients (K-oc) of carbon tetrachloride and 1,2-dichlorobenzene between normal soil/sediment organic matter and water have been determined for a large set of soils, bed sediments, and suspended solids from the United States and the People's Republic of China. The K-oc values for both solutes are quite invariant either for the soils or for the bed sediments; the values on bed sediments are about twice those on soils. The similarity of K-oc values between normal soils and between normal bed sediments suggests that natural organic matters in soils (or sediments) of different geographic origins exhibit comparable polarities and possibly comparable compositions. The results also suggest that the process that converts eroded soils into bed sediments brings about a change in the organic matter property. The difference between soil and sediment K-oc values provides a basis for identifying the source of suspended solids in river waters. The very high K-oc values observed for some special soils and sediments are diagnostic of severe anthropogenic contamination. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. MINIST WATER RESOURCES,WATER QUAL RES CTR,BEIJING 100044,PEOPLES R CHINA. NANJING UNIV,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI & ENGN,NANJING 210093,PEOPLES R CHINA. RI Li, Hui/G-4055-2010; Chiou, Cary/C-3203-2013 OI Li, Hui/0000-0003-3298-5265; NR 26 TC 193 Z9 208 U1 3 U2 50 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1401 EP 1406 DI 10.1021/es00005a037 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QV750 UT WOS:A1995QV75000048 PM 22192039 ER PT J AU CHIOU, CT AF CHIOU, CT TI THERMODYNAMICS OF ORGANIC-CHEMICAL PARTITION IN SOILS - COMMENT SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID WATER RP CHIOU, CT (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,MS 408,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. RI Chiou, Cary/C-3203-2013 NR 9 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1421 EP 1422 DI 10.1021/es00005a040 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QV750 UT WOS:A1995QV75000051 PM 22192042 ER PT J AU FLEMING, WJ AUGSPURGER, TP ALDERMAN, JA AF FLEMING, WJ AUGSPURGER, TP ALDERMAN, JA TI FRESH-WATER MUSSEL DIE-OFF ATTRIBUTED TO ANTICHOLINESTERASE POISONING SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Note DE FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; POISONING; CHOLINESTERASE AB In 1990, we investigated a die-off of freshwater mussels in north-central North Carolina. An estimated 1,000 mussels of several species were found dead or moribund, including about 111 Tar spinymussels (Elliptio steinstansana), a federally listed endangered species, The die-off occurred during a period of low flow and high water temperature in a stream reach dominated by forestry and agriculture. Pathological examinations did not show any abnormalities and indicated that the die-off was an acute event. Chemical analyses of mussels, sediments, and water revealed no organophosphorus or carbamate pesticides. Cholinesterase activity in adductor muscle from Eastern elliptios (Elliptio complanata) collected at the kill site and downstream was depressed 73 and 65%, respectively, compared with upstream reference samples. The depression is consistent with a diagnosis of anticholinesterase poisoning. This is the first documented case in which cholinesterase-inhibiting compounds have been implicated in a die-off of freshwater mussels. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ECOL SERV OFF,RALEIGH,NC 27636. N CAROLINA WILDLIFE RESOURCES COMMISS,PITTSBORO,NC 27312. RP FLEMING, WJ (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,N CAROLINA COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,NATL BIOL SERV,BOX 7616,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 11 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 6 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 14 IS 5 BP 877 EP 879 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1995)14[877:FMDATA]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA QV456 UT WOS:A1995QV45600020 ER PT J AU STARNES, LB GASPER, DC AF STARNES, LB GASPER, DC TI EFFECTS OF SURFACE MINING ON AQUATIC RESOURCES IN NORTH-AMERICA SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article RP STARNES, LB (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,POB 1306,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87103, USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD MAY PY 1995 VL 20 IS 5 BP 20 EP 23 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA QV543 UT WOS:A1995QV54300005 ER PT J AU WHITE, AF BLUM, AE AF WHITE, AF BLUM, AE TI EFFECTS OF CLIMATE ON CHEMICAL-WEATHERING IN WATERSHEDS SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID ALBITE DISSOLUTION KINETICS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; HYDROCHEMICAL BUDGETS; CENTRAL MASSACHUSETTS; GEOCHEMICAL CYCLE; ACID DEPOSITION; MASS-BALANCE; CHEMISTRY; TEMPERATURE; RATES AB Climatic effects on chemical weathering are evaluated by correlating variations in solute concentrations and fluxes with temperature, precipitation, runoff, and evapotranspiration( ET) for a worldwide distribution of sixty-eight watersheds underlain by granitoid rock types. Stream solute concentrations are strongly correlated with proportional ET loss, and evaporative concentration makes stream solute concentrations an inappropriate surrogate for chemical weathering. Chemical fluxes are unaffected by ET, and SiO2 and Na weathering fluxes exhibit systematic increases with precipitation, runoff, and temperature. However, warm and wet watersheds produce anomalously rapid weathering rates. A proposed model that provides an improved prediction of weathering rates over climatic extremes is the product of linear precipitation and Arrhenius temperature functions. The resulting apparent activation energies based on SiO2 and Na fluxes are 59.4 and 62.5 kJ . mol(-1), respectively. The coupling between temperature and precipitation emphasizes the importance of tropical regions in global silicate weathering fluxes, and suggests it is not representative to use continental averages for temperature and precipitation in the weathering rate functions of global carbon cycling and climatic change models. Fluxes of Ii, Ca, and Mg exhibit no climatic correlation, implying that other processes, such as ion exchange, nutrient cycling, and variations in lithology, obscure any climatic signal. The correlation between yearly variations in precipitation and solute fluxes within individual watersheds is stronger than the correlation between precipitation and solute fluxes of watersheds with different climatic regimes. This underscores the significance of transport-induced variability in controlling stream chemistry, and the importance of distinguishing between short-term and long-term climatic trends. No correlation exists between chemical fluxes acid topographic relief or the extent of recent glaciation, implying that physical erosion rates do not have a critical influence on chemical weathering rates. RP WHITE, AF (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MS 420,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 92 TC 527 Z9 558 U1 33 U2 139 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 1995 VL 59 IS 9 BP 1729 EP 1747 DI 10.1016/0016-7037(95)00078-E PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA RA715 UT WOS:A1995RA71500005 ER PT J AU DALRYMPLE, GB CZAMANSKE, GK FEDORENKO, VA SIMONOV, ON LANPHERE, MA LIKHACHEV, AP AF DALRYMPLE, GB CZAMANSKE, GK FEDORENKO, VA SIMONOV, ON LANPHERE, MA LIKHACHEV, AP TI A RECONNAISSANCE AR-40/AR-39 GEOCHRONOLOGICAL STUDY OF ORE-BEARING AND RELATED ROCKS, SIBERIAN RUSSIA SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID PERMIAN-TRIASSIC BOUNDARY; FLOOD BASALTS; TRACE-ELEMENT; NORILSK AREA; MANTLE; GEOCHEMISTRY; TRAPS; USSR; DISTRICT; ISOTOPE AB Ar-40/Ar-39 age spectra of biotite from a mineralized vein in the ore-bearing, Noril'sk I intrusion and from picritic-like gabbrodolerite from the weakly mineralized, Lower Talnakh intrusion show that these bodies were emplaced at 249 +/- 2 Ma, which is not significantly different from the age of the Permian Triassic boundary. The ore-bearing intrusions postdate the lower third of the flood-basalt sequence in the Noril'sk area and, on the basis of geochemistry, can best be correlated with lavas slightly younger than those which they cut. Thus, flood basalt was erupted at the time of the Permian-Triassic mass extinction event, although its role in this event is, as yet, ill defined. Additional new Ar-40/Ar-39 age data for a group of intrusive and extrusive rocks on the western margin of the Siberian craton indicate that mafic magmatism extended over a period of several tens of million years, whereas paleomagnetic data suggest that the bulk of the Siberian flood-basalt sequence near Noril'sk has been erupted in only a million years or so. Ar-40/Ar-39 ages of plagioclase from early flood-basalt flows are about 2% younger than those obtained for biotite from the crosscutting, Noril'sk I intrusion, probably because of slight alteration and Argon loss from the plagioclase. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,COLL OCEAN & ATMOSPHER SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. TSNIGRI,MOSCOW 113545,RUSSIA. TAYMYRIAN GEOL COMM,NORILSK 663300,RUSSIA. RP DALRYMPLE, GB (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 48 TC 60 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 1995 VL 59 IS 10 BP 2071 EP 2083 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA RB228 UT WOS:A1995RB22800012 ER PT J AU DAVIS, AS GUNN, SH BOHRSON, WA GRAY, LB HEIN, JR AF DAVIS, AS GUNN, SH BOHRSON, WA GRAY, LB HEIN, JR TI CHEMICALLY DIVERSE, SPORADIC VOLCANISM AT SEAMOUNTS OFFSHORE SOUTHERN AND BAJA-CALIFORNIA SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID YOUNG PACIFIC SEAMOUNTS; LAMONT SEAMOUNT; EASTERN PACIFIC; JASPER SEAMOUNT; GALAPAGOS RIFT; GORDA RIDGE; LAVAS; PETROGENESIS; GEOCHEMISTRY; PETROLOGY AB Compositions of lavas from seven small to medium-sized seamounts, between lat 34.0 degrees N and 30.5 degrees N offshore southern and Baja California, include low K2O tholeiitic, transitional, and mildly to moderately alkalic basalt and their differentiates. The low-K2O tholeiites resemble primitive (>9% MgO) mid-oceanic-ridge basalt (MORE) with low incompatible element abundances and very depleted, concave downward, chondrite-normalized rare-earth element (REE) patterns and lower Sr-87/Sr-86 and higher Nd-143/ Nd-144 ratios than typical MORE fi om the East Pacific Rise. The seamounts with these MORE-like lavas are inferred to have formed at or near the spreading center. Transitional and mildly to moderately alkalic basalts have higher abundances of incompatible elements and steeper slopes for chondrite-normalized REE patterns with light REE enrichment up to 150 times chondrites. The alkalic compositions indicate more variably enriched mantle sources than those of most seamounts presently located near the East Pacific Rise, but the compositions are within the mantle array defined by other ocean-island basalts. Volcanic rocks from the upper part of Rocas Alijos, a much larger and morphologically more complex edifice than the northern seamounts, located offshore central Baja California at lat similar to 25 degrees N, are all highly differentiated trachyte and trachyandesite. Based on Ar-40/Ar-39 laser fusion techniques, MORE-like lava from one of the northern edifices is as old as the underlying oceanic crust (>20 Ma), indicating that it originated at a spreading center. Other seamount lava ages are much younger than the oceanic crust on which they reside, ranging from 16.8 +/- 0.3 to <7 Ma for some of the northern seamounts to 270 +/- 16 ka for the trachyte from Rocas Alijos. Similar highly evolved lavas cap fossil spreading centers like Guadalupe and Socorro Islands, but Rocas Alijos, based on magnetic anomalies, is not an abandoned spreading center but may instead have formed on a leaky transform fault. Some of the seamounts with transitional and alkalic lavas may have formed as part of a short, age-progressive chain formed by a short-lived mantle plume. Many others, aligned along abandoned spreading centers or faults and fracture zones which are abundant in the tectonically complex region offshore southern and peninsular California, may have resulted from upwelling mantle diapirs in response to localized extension. Some of the episodes of volcanism appear to have been contemporaneous with volcanism in the continental borderland and coastal southern California, suggesting linkage between extension along the continental margin and the seamount province farther offshore. The data available for the abundant volcanic edifices of varying sizes, shapes, and orientations in this region suggest that the seamounts formed from multiple episodes of chemically diverse volcanism, tapping variably enriched, heterogeneous mantle, which occurred sporadically from early Miocene to late Pleistocene. C1 UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,DEPT GEOL SCI,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106. RP DAVIS, AS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94024, USA. NR 42 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 107 IS 5 BP 554 EP 570 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(1995)107<0554:CDSVAS>2.3.CO;2 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA QW692 UT WOS:A1995QW69200004 ER PT J AU FORTE, AM MITROVICA, JX WOODWARD, RL AF FORTE, AM MITROVICA, JX WOODWARD, RL TI SEISMIC-GEODYNAMIC DETERMINATION OF THE ORIGIN OF EXCESS ELLIPTICITY OF THE CORE-MANTLE BOUNDARY SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FORCED NUTATIONS; RADIO INTERFEROMETRY; EARTH; TOMOGRAPHY; DYNAMICS; GEODESY AB We demonstrate that the excess dynamic ellipticity of the core-mantle-boundary (CMB) inferred from the period of the Earth's retrograde free core nutation (RFCN) may be explained in terms of viscous stresses generated by mantle convective flow. The 3D elastic structure and radial viscosity profile which define the model used in the viscous flow calculations are;constrained to simultaneously reconcile a large set of seismic and geodynamic data. C1 UNIV TORONTO,DEPT PHYS,TORONTO,ON M5S 1A7,CANADA. USGS,ALBUQUERQUE SEISM LAB,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87115. RP FORTE, AM (reprint author), INST PHYS GLOBE,DEPT SISMOL,4 PL JUSSIEU,TOUR 24,F-75252 PARIS,FRANCE. NR 25 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 1 PY 1995 VL 22 IS 9 BP 1013 EP 1016 DI 10.1029/95GL01065 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA QW543 UT WOS:A1995QW54300003 ER PT J AU MORI, J WALD, DJ WESSON, RL AF MORI, J WALD, DJ WESSON, RL TI OVERLAPPING FAULT PLANES OF THE 1971 SAN-FERNANDO AND 1994 NORTHRIDGE, CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKES SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Aftershocks of the 1971 San Fernando and 1994 Northridge earthquakes were relocated using three-dimensional velocity model that was derived from inverting P-wave travel time data. The hypocenters show clear orientations of the dipping fault planes. The San Fernando aftershocks form a plane extending from a depth of 15 km to the surface, dipping toward the northeast at about 40 degrees. The Northridge aftershocks delineate a fault extending from a depth of 18 km up to about 5 km, dipping toward the southwest at about 40 degrees. In the region the aftershocks overlap in map view, the San Fernando plane cuts off the Northridge plane at a depth of 5 to 8 km, preventing it from reaching the surface. The similar but oppositely dipping fault planes suggest a pair of conjugate planes reflecting a horizontal northeast-southwest compression. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. RP MORI, J (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,525 S WILSON AVE,PASADENA,CA 91106, USA. OI Wald, David/0000-0002-1454-4514 NR 13 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 1 PY 1995 VL 22 IS 9 BP 1033 EP 1036 DI 10.1029/95GL00712 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA QW543 UT WOS:A1995QW54300008 ER PT J AU MOENCH, AF AF MOENCH, AF TI COMBINING THE NEUMAN AND BOULTON MODELS FOR FLOW TO A WELL IN AN UNCONFINED AQUIFER SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID DELAYED DRAINAGE; SATURATED FLOW; WATER-TABLE AB A Laplace transform solution is presented for flow to a well in a homogeneous, water-table aquifer with noninstantaneous drainage of water from the zone above the water table. The Boulton convolution integral is combined with Darcy's law and used as an upper boundary condition to replace the condition used by Neuman. Boulton's integral derives from the assumption that water drained from the unsaturated zone is released gradually in a manner that varies exponentially with time in response to a unit decline in hydraulic head, whereas the condition used by Newman assumes that the water is released instantaneously. The result is a solution that reduces to the solution obtained by Neuman as the rate of release of water from the zone above the water table increases. A dimensionless fitting parameter, gamma, is introduced that incorporates vertical hydraulic conductivity, saturated thickness, specific yield, and an empirical constant alpha(1), similar to Boulton's alpha. Results show that theoretical drawdown in water-table piezometers is amplified by noninstantaneous drainage from the unsaturated zone to a greater extent than drawdown in piezometers located at depth in the saturated zone. This difference provides a basis for evaluating gamma by type-curve matching in addition to the other dimensionless parameters. Analysis of drawdown in selected piezometers from the published results of two aquifer tests conducted in relatively homogeneous glacial outwash deposits but with significantly different hydraulic conductivities reveals improved comparison between the theoretical type curves and the hydraulic head measured in water-table piezometers. RP MOENCH, AF (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MS496,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 22 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 4 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI COLUMBUS PA 2600 GROUND WATER WAY, COLUMBUS, OH 43219 SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 33 IS 3 BP 378 EP 384 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1995.tb00293.x PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA QV935 UT WOS:A1995QV93500005 ER PT J AU POOL, DR EYCHANER, JH AF POOL, DR EYCHANER, JH TI MEASUREMENTS OF AQUIFER-STORAGE CHANGE AND SPECIFIC YIELD USING GRAVITY SURVEYS SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article AB Final Creek is an intermittent stream that drains a 200-square-mile alluvial basin in central Arizona. Large changes in water levels and aquifer storage occur in an alluvial aquifer near the stream in response to periodic recharge and ground-water withdrawals. Outflow components of the ground-water budget and hydraulic properties of the alluvium are well-defined by field measurements; however, data are insufficient to adequately describe recharge, aquifer-storage change, and specific-yield values, An investigation was begun to assess the utility of temporal-gravity surveys to directly measure aquifer-storage change and estimate values of specific yield. The temporal-gravity surveys measured changes in the differences in gravity between two reference stations on bedrock and six stations at wells; changes are caused by variations in aquifer storage. Specific yield was estimated by dividing storage change by water-level change. Four surveys were done between February 21, 1991, and March 31, 1993. Gravity increased as much as 158 microGal +/- 1 to 6 microGal, and water levels rose as much as 58 feet. Average specific yield at wells ranged from 0.16 to 0.21, and variations in specific yield with depth correlate with lithologic variations. Results indicate that temporal-gravity surveys can be used to estimate aquifer-storage change and specific yield of water-table aquifers where significant variations in water levels occur. Direct measurement of aquifer-storage change can eliminate a major unknown from the ground-water budget of arid basins and improve residual estimates of recharge. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,CHARLESTON,WV 25301. RP POOL, DR (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,375 S EUCLID AVE,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 17 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 10 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI COLUMBUS PA 2600 GROUND WATER WAY, COLUMBUS, OH 43219 SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 33 IS 3 BP 425 EP 432 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1995.tb00299.x PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA QV935 UT WOS:A1995QV93500011 ER PT J AU WOOD, WW SANFORD, WE AF WOOD, WW SANFORD, WE TI CHEMICAL AND ISOTOPIC METHODS FOR QUANTIFYING GROUNDWATER RECHARGE IN A REGIONAL, SEMIARID ENVIRONMENT SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; PLAYA-LAKE BASINS; DESERT SOILS; TRITIUM; TEXAS; TRACERS; MEXICO; LIQUID AB The High Plains aquifer underlying the semiarid Southern High Plains of Texas and New Mexico, USA was used to illustrate solute and isotopic methods for evaluating recharge fluxes, runoff, and spatial and temporal distribution of recharge. The chloride mass-balance method can provide, under certain conditions, a time-integrated technique for evaluation of recharge flux to regional aquifers that is independent of physical parameters. Applying this method to the High Plains aquifer of the Southern High Plains suggests that recharge flux is approximately 2% of precipitation, or approximately 11 +/- 2 mm/y, consistent with previous estimates based on a variety of physically based measurements. The method is useful because long-term average precipitation and chloride concentrations in rain and ground water have less uncertainty and are generally less expensive to acquire than physically based parameters commonly used in analyzing recharge. Spatial and temporal distribution of recharge was evaluated by use of delta(2)H, delta(18)O, and tritium concentrations in both ground water and the unsaturated zone. Analyses suggest that nearly half of the recharge to the Southern High Plains occurs as piston now through plays basin floors that occupy approximately 6% of the area, and that macropore recharge may be important in the remaining recharge. Tritium and chloride concentrations in the unsaturated zone were used in a new equation developed to quantify runoff. Using this equation and data from a representative basin, runoff was found to be 24 +/- 3 mm/y; that is in close agreement with values obtained from water-balance measurements on experimental watersheds in the area. Such geochemical estimates are possible because tritium is used to calculate a recharge flux that is independent of precipitation and runoff, whereas recharge nux based on chloride concentration in the unsaturated zone is dependent upon the amount of runoff. The difference between these two estimates yields the amount of runoff to the basin. RP WOOD, WW (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MAIL STOP 431,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 36 TC 154 Z9 160 U1 7 U2 50 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI COLUMBUS PA 2600 GROUND WATER WAY, COLUMBUS, OH 43219 SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 33 IS 3 BP 458 EP 468 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1995.tb00302.x PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA QV935 UT WOS:A1995QV93500014 ER PT J AU LANE, JW HAENI, FP WATSON, WM AF LANE, JW HAENI, FP WATSON, WM TI USE OF A SQUARE-ARRAY DIRECT-CURRENT RESISTIVITY METHOD TO DETECT FRACTURES IN CRYSTALLINE BEDROCK IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS AB Azimuthal square-array direct-current (dc) resistivity soundings were used to detect fractures in bedrock in the Mirror Lake watershed in Grafton County, New Hampshire. Soundings were conducted at a site where crystalline bedrock underlies approximately 7 m (meters) of glacial drift. Measured apparent resistivities changed with the orientation of the array. Graphical interpretation of the square-array data indicates that a dominant fracture set and (or) foliation in the bedrock is oriented at 030 degrees (degrees). Interpretation of crossed square-array data indicates an orientation of 027 degrees and an anisotropy factor of 1.31. Assuming that anisotropy is due to fractures, the secondary porosity is estimated to range from 0.01 to 0.10. Interpretations of azimuthal square-array data are supported by other geophysical data, including azimuthal seismic-refraction surveys and azimuthal Schlumberger de-resistivity soundings at the Camp Osceola well field. Dominant fracture trends indicated by these geophysical methods are 022 degrees (seismic-refraction) and 037 degrees (dc-resistivity). Fracture mapping of bedrock outcrops at a site within 250 m indicates that the maximum fracture-strike frequency is oriented at 030 degrees. The square-array dc-resistivity sounding method is more sensitive to a given rock anisotropy than the more commonly used Schlumberger and Wenner arrays. An additional advantage of the square-array method is that it requires about 65 percent less surface area than an equivalent survey using a Schlumberger or Wenner array. RP LANE, JW (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,ROOM 525,450 MAIN ST,HARTFORD,CT 06103, USA. NR 25 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 8 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI COLUMBUS PA 2600 GROUND WATER WAY, COLUMBUS, OH 43219 SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 33 IS 3 BP 476 EP 485 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1995.tb00304.x PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA QV935 UT WOS:A1995QV93500016 ER PT J AU MCCABE, GJ LEGATES, DR AF MCCABE, GJ LEGATES, DR TI RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN 700 HPA HEIGHT ANOMALIES AND 1 APRIL SNOWPACK ACCUMULATIONS IN THE WESTERN USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SNOWPACK; 700 HPA HEIGHT ANOMALIES; WESTERN USA ID MONTHLY MEAN CIRCULATION; UNITED-STATES; MONTHLY PRECIPITATION; MODEL; SPECIFICATION; WINTER; FIELD AB Relationships between atmospheric circulation and the temporal and spatial distributions of snowpack accumulations in the western USA are examined. Winter mean 700 hPa height anomalies, representing the average atmospheric circulation during the snow season, are compared with snowpack measurements made on or about 1 April at 311 snowcourse stations in the western USA during the winters of 1947-1948 through 1986-1987. Correlation and anomaly pattern analysis are used to identify relations between atmospheric circulation and the temporal and spatial distributions of snowpack accumulations, and to quantify the degree to which the temporal and spatial variability in snowpack accumulations can be attributed to variations in atmospheric circulation. Results indicate that winter mean 700 hPa height anomalies account for a statistically significant portion of both the temporal and spatial variability in the snowpack accumulations. In general, above-average snowpack accumulations are associated with negative 700 hPa height anomalies over the eastern North Pacific Ocean and the western USA. These anomalies are indicative of anomalous cyclonic circulation, which produces an anomalous westerly flow of moist air from the eastern North Pacific Ocean into the western USA and increases winter precipitation and snowpack accumulations. Below-average snowpack accumulations at most of the snowcourse stations are associated with positive 700 hPa height anomalies over the western USA. These positive anomalies indicate anomalous anticyclonic circulation which prevents the intrusion of moist air from the eastern North Pacific Ocean into the western USA, increases subsidence, and decreases winter precipitation. Five winter mean 700 hPa height anomaly patterns also were identified that explain the spatial variability in snowpack accumulations. C1 UNIV OKLAHOMA,COLL GEOSCI,NORMAN,OK 73019. RP MCCABE, GJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,MS 412,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 39 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0899-8418 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 15 IS 5 BP 517 EP 530 DI 10.1002/joc.3370150504 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RC445 UT WOS:A1995RC44500003 ER PT J AU STEWART, KC MCKOWN, DM AF STEWART, KC MCKOWN, DM TI SAGEBRUSH AS A SAMPLING MEDIUM FOR GOLD EXPLORATION IN THE GREAT-BASIN - EVALUATION FROM A GREENHOUSE STUDY SO JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION LA English DT Article ID CHEMISTRY AB Seedlings of basin big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata subsp. tridentata) germinated from seed collected near Preble, Nevada were grown in soils containing Carlin-type disseminated gold ore from Pinson and Getchell, Nevada. After 4 months growth in a greenhouse, leaves, twigs and stems for each plant were combined and analyzed by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) for the Carlin suite of elements which includes gold, arsenic, antimony and tungsten. Plants grown in soils containing Carlin ore did not accumulate significantly more gold than those growing in control soil (p < 0.05). Gold measured in experimental plants averaged 0.9-2.6 ng/g (ppb) compared to 1.6 ng/g in controls. On the other hand, sagebrush grown in soils containing Carlin ores accumulated significantly more arsenic and antimony compared to those grown in control soils (p > 0.95). Mean arsenic in experimental plants varied from 4.4 to 6.4 mu g/g (ppm) compared to 0.4 mu g/g in control plants. Experimental plants contained 0.2 mu g/g (ppm) antimony compared to 0.03 mu g/g in control plants. Results suggest that sagebrush would be a good prospecting medium for detecting concealed Carlin-type deposits in the Great Basin if arsenic and antimony are used as the pathfinder elements. Results also suggest that true gold anomalies in sagebrush will be more difficult to separate from aeolian contamination than those for arsenic and antimony in arid environments. Based on this greenhouse study, optimum anomaly-to-background contrast would be obtained from combined arsenic and antimony content of stems or twigs stripped of bark. Leaves would be less likely to show anomalies because surface tissue cannot be adequately cleaned or stripped. RP STEWART, KC (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-6742 J9 J GEOCHEM EXPLOR JI J. Geochem. Explor. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 54 IS 1 BP 19 EP 26 DI 10.1016/0375-6742(95)00021-G PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA RU889 UT WOS:A1995RU88900002 ER PT J AU GUNDERSEN, LCS GATES, AE AF GUNDERSEN, LCS GATES, AE TI MECHANICAL RESPONSE, CHEMICAL VARIATION, AND VOLUME CHANGE IN THE BROOKNEAL AND HYLAS SHEAR ZONES, VIRGINIA SO JOURNAL OF GEODYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID FAULT ZONES; FLUID-FLOW; DEFORMATION; MYLONITE; PIEDMONT; EXAMPLE; USA AB Changes in volume and chemical composition were compared with strain indicators measured in two Alleghanian shear zones in granitoid plutons within the Virginia Piedmont. Both shear zones have measurable kinematic indicators that consistently record dextral strike-slip movement. The Brookneal zone, in the Melrose Granite, exhibits one ductile deformation event whereas the Hylas zone, in the Petersburg Granite, records both brittle and ductile events. Comparison of the chemical variation and volume change for each of the shear zones yields several surprising similarities given the differences in deformational history and structural style of the two zones. Overall, both zones experienced volume decreases during deformation from undeformed to ultramylonitic. Silica, K, and U increased in both zones with decreases in Fe, Mg, Sr, Ti, Mn, Y, Nb, Zr. Changes in element behavior with incremental changes in strain are different in each zone and appear to be directly related to the style of deformation and strain processes operating at each deformational stage. Chemical data from the Brookneal shear zone clusters into three groups corresponding to weak deformation, moderate strain, and ultramylonite. Deformation in the Hylas shear zone is more complex and abrupt changes in volume and element behavior may be related to brittle events late in the deformation history. The choice of immobile elements for mass balance and volume calculations was based on the petrography of the samples. The concentration of titanite in the Melrose Granite changes from several percent in the undeformed rock to absent with very minor Ti oxides in the ultramylonite. A similar decrease in most accessory minerals takes place in the Hylas zone; however monazite increases significantly. Titanium mobility is implied in the results of the chemical analyses and volume calculations. Further, it is postulated that the fluid source for the shear zones includes dehydration reactions in the granites themselves and may include other sources, especially in the case of the Hylas zone. Pressure driven fluid movement and mechanical response of the deforming rocks may be responsible for some of the observed variations in the chemistry and volume of the zones. C1 RUTGERS STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOL,NEWARK,NJ 07102. RP GUNDERSEN, LCS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS 939 DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0264-3707 J9 J GEODYN JI J. Geodyn. PD MAY-JUL PY 1995 VL 19 IS 3-4 BP 231 EP 252 DI 10.1016/0264-3707(94)00016-O PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QY697 UT WOS:A1995QY69700005 ER PT J AU PUCCI, AA POPE, DA AF PUCCI, AA POPE, DA TI SIMULATED EFFECTS OF DEVELOPMENT ON REGIONAL GROUND-WATER/SURFACE-WATER INTERACTIONS IN THE NORTHERN COASTAL-PLAIN OF NEW-JERSEY SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article AB Stream flow in the Coastal Plain of New Jersey is primarily controlled by ground-water discharge. Ground-water flow in a 400 square mile area (1035 km(2)) of the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system (PRMA) in the northern Coastal Plain of New Jersey was simulated to examine development effects on water resources. Simulations showed that historical development caused significant capture of regional ground-water discharge to streams and wetlands. The Cretaceous PRMA primarily is composed of fine to coarse sand, clays and silts which form the Upper and Middle aquifers and their confining units. The aquifer outcrops are the principal areas of recharge and discharge for the regional flow system and have many traversing streams and surface-water bodies. A quasi-three-dimensional numerical model that incorporated ground-water/surface-water interactions and boundary flows from a larger regional model was used to represent the PRMA. To evaluate the influence of ground-water development on interactions in different areas, hydrogeologically similar and contiguous model stream cells were aggregated as 'stream zones'. The model representation of surface-water and ground-water interaction was limited in the areas of confining unit outcrops and because of this, simulated ground-water discharge could not be directly compared with base flow. Significant differences in simulated ground-water and surface-water interactions between the predevelopment and developed system, include; (1) redistribution of recharge and discharge areas; (2) reduced ground-water discharge to streams. In predevelopment, the primary discharge for the Upper and Middle aquifers is to low-lying streams and wetlands; in the developed system, the primary discharge is to ground-water withdrawals. Development reduces simulated ground-water discharge to streams in the Upper Aquifer from 61.4 to 10% of the Upper Aquifer hydrologic budget (28.9%, if impounded stream flow is included). Ground-water discharge to streams in the Middle Aquifer decreases from 80.0 to 22% of the Middle Aquifer hydrologic budget. The utility of assessing ground-water/surface-water interaction in a regional hydrogeologic system by simulation responses to development is demonstrated and which can compensate for lack of long-term stream-gaging data in determining management decisions. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,HELENA,MT 59626. RP PUCCI, AA (reprint author), LAFAYETTE COLL,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,EASTON,PA 18920, USA. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 167 IS 1-4 BP 241 EP 262 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(94)02597-5 PG 22 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA QQ227 UT WOS:A1995QQ22700014 ER PT J AU GUBANOV, AP BLODGETT, RB LYTOCHKIN, VM AF GUBANOV, AP BLODGETT, RB LYTOCHKIN, VM TI EARLY DEVONIAN (PRAGIAN) GASTROPODS FROM KYRGYZSTAN (CENTRAL-ASIA) SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A gastropod assemblage is described from the middle Lower Devonian (Pragian) of Alai Ridge, Kyrgyzstan. It includes eight species, six of which are new. Two new genera are established, Alaionema and Barroisocaulus. Newly named species belonging to the above genera include: Alaionema kyrgyzensis and Barroisocaulus oliveri In addition, four new species belonging to extant genera are also described: Omphalocirrus kaukensis, Ruedemannia tienshanica, Oriostoma sarydalchaensis, and Goniasma? asiatica. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,PALEONTOL & STRATIG BRANCH,RESTON,VA 22092. PKF KYRTASH,BISHKEK 720039,KYRGYZSTAN. RP GUBANOV, AP (reprint author), INST GEOL,UNIV AVE 3,NOVOSIBIRSK 630090,RUSSIA. NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI ITHACA PA 1259 TRUMANSBURG ROAD, ITHACA, NY 14850 SN 0022-3360 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 69 IS 3 BP 431 EP 440 PG 10 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA RA149 UT WOS:A1995RA14900003 ER PT J AU BLODGETT, RB JOHNSON, JG AF BLODGETT, RB JOHNSON, JG TI MERRIAMITES, A NEW NAME FOR THE BELLEROPHONTID GASTROPOD GENUS MERRIAMELLA BLODGETT-AND-JOHNSON SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Note C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOSCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP BLODGETT, RB (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,959 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI ITHACA PA 1259 TRUMANSBURG ROAD, ITHACA, NY 14850 SN 0022-3360 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 69 IS 3 BP 608 EP 608 PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA RA149 UT WOS:A1995RA14900024 ER PT J AU SMITH, EL JOHNSON, PS RUYLE, G SMEINS, F LOPER, D WHETSELL, D CHILD, D SIMS, P SMITH, R VOLLAND, L HEMSTROM, M BAINTER, E MENDENHALL, A WADMAN, K FRANZEN, D SUTHERS, M WILLOUGHBY, J HABICH, N GAVEN, T HALEY, J AF SMITH, EL JOHNSON, PS RUYLE, G SMEINS, F LOPER, D WHETSELL, D CHILD, D SIMS, P SMITH, R VOLLAND, L HEMSTROM, M BAINTER, E MENDENHALL, A WADMAN, K FRANZEN, D SUTHERS, M WILLOUGHBY, J HABICH, N GAVEN, T HALEY, J TI NEW CONCEPTS FOR ASSESSMENT OF RANGELAND CONDITION SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE RANGE CONDITION; DESIRED PLANT COMMUNITY; SITE CONSERVATION THRESHOLD; SUSTAINABILITY; ECOLOGICAL SITE; SOIL EROSION ID VIEWPOINT; THRESHOLDS AB Range condition score or classification does not tell us, in a general sense, much of what managers and the public want to know about rangelands. Range condition is not a reliable indicator, across all rangelands, of biodiversity, erosion potential, nutrient cycling, value for wildlife species, or productivity. Succession, the basis for the current concept of range condition is not an adequate yardstick for evaluation of rangelands. The Society for Range Management (SRM) established the Task Group on Unity in Concepts and Terminology which has developed new concepts for evaluation of the status of rangelands. These concepts are based on the premise that the most important and basic physical resource on each ecological site is the soil. If sufficient soil is lost from an ecological site, the potential of the site is changed. The Task Group made three recommendations, which were adopted by the SRM: 1) evaluations of rangelands should be made from the basis of the same land unit classification, ecological site; 2) plant communities likely to occur on a site should be evaluated for protection of that site against accelerated erosion (Site Conservation Rating, [SCR]); and 3) selection of a Desired Plant Community (DPC) for an ecological site should be made considering both SCR and management objectives for that site. C1 S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,BROOKINGS,SD 57007. TEXAS A&M UNIV,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. USDA ARS,WOODWARD,OK. BUR INDIAN AFFAIRS,HERNDON,VA. US FOREST SERV,PORTLAND,OR. US FOREST SERV,LAKEWOOD,CO. SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,CASPER,WY. SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,LINCOLN,NE. SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20013. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,LAKEVIEW,OR. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,EVERGREEN,CO. BUR LAND MANAGEMENT,SACRAMENTO,CA. BUR LAND MANAGEMENT,LAKEWOOD,CO. NATL PK SERV,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. NATL PK SERV,BOULDER CITY,NV. RP SMITH, EL (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. NR 36 TC 56 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 48 IS 3 BP 271 EP 282 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QX772 UT WOS:A1995QX77200015 ER PT J AU COPLEN, TB AF COPLEN, TB TI NEW IUPAC GUIDELINES FOR THE REPORTING OF STABLE HYDROGEN, CARBON, AND OXYGEN ISOTOPE-RATIO DATA SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP COPLEN, TB (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, IUPAC, COMMISS ATOM WEIGHTS & ISOTOP ABUNDANCES, 431 NATL CTR, RESTON, VA 22092 USA. NR 2 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 27 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 100 IS 3 BP 285 EP 285 DI 10.6028/jres.100.021 PG 1 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA RN692 UT WOS:A1995RN69200007 ER PT J AU SAFAK, E AF SAFAK, E TI DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF SOIL-STRUCTURE INTERACTION IN BUILDINGS FROM VIBRATION RECORDINGS SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC PARK PLAZA; SEISMIC RESPONSE AB Soil-structure interaction (SSI) can significantly alter the characteristics of recorded motions in buildings. The dominant frequency recorded in a building subjected to SSI is always smaller than the dominant frequencies of the fixed-base building, and of the foundation when no building is present. A building with SSI is a noncausal system because of the coupling between the motions of the foundation and the superstructure. The presence of SSI can be detected by investigating the causality of the building's impulse response. For causal systems, the amplitudes of the impulse response function at negative times are zero, whereas for noncausal systems they are comparable to those at positive times. The identification of SSI refers to extracting natural frequencies of the fixed-base building and the foundation from the recordings of the foundation and upper stories. The ratio of the Fourier amplitude spectrum of the top-story accelerations to that of the foundation accelerations permits the identification of the natural frequency of the fixed-base building. Two examples confirm the validity of the suggested methods. The first example involves a 10-story simulated building and its calculated response, whereas the second example involves a 30-story real-life building and its recorded response during a large earthquake. RP SAFAK, E (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,922 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 11 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9445 J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE PD MAY PY 1995 VL 121 IS 5 BP 899 EP 906 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA QU606 UT WOS:A1995QU60600013 ER PT J AU KODOSKY, LG KEITH, TEC AF KODOSKY, LG KEITH, TEC TI FURTHER INSIGHTS INTO THE GEOCHEMICAL EVOLUTION OF FUMAROLIC ALTERATION, VALLEY OF 10000 SMOKES, ALASKA SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID KATMAI-NATIONAL-PARK; THOUSAND-SMOKES; RICH PROTOLITH; GASES; NOVARUPTA; DEPOSITS; VOLCANO AB Factor analysis of geochemical data from nine fossil fumaroles and four warm ground argillic alteration sites indicates that the fossil and extant fumarolic alteration of the 1912 ash-flow sheet in the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes (VTTS) integrate a complex overprinting of primary and secondary alteration events. The five-factor solution model explains 77% of the complete data set variance and a large proportion (60-92%) of the individual element data variance. These data support halide-species (e.g., chlorides and fluorides) vapor-phase element transport having occurred during the cooling of the fumaroles and that this process was significant for As, Sb, B and Bi, and of lesser importance for Cu and Zn. Similarities in geochemical element covariance between the extant argillic alteration and fossil fumarolic encrustations suggest that many of the fossil fumaroles experienced low-temperature argillic alteration events. The combination of the results of this work with those of Kodosky and Keith (1993) enables a general history of the VTTS fumaroles to be reconstructed. During the higher-temperature stages of fumarolic activity, substantial halide-species vapor-phase element transport likely occurred. The high-temperature gases heavily altered the ejecta glass and mineral phases adjacent to the fumarolic conduit. As the fumaroles cooled, Fe-rich acidic condensate leached the ejecta and primary fumarolic deposits (Kodosky and Keith, 1993); aqueous chloride complexes were the primary mechanism of element transport. With further declines in temperature, many of the fumaroles developed moderate- to low-temperature argillic alteration. Low- to ambient-temperature leaching and ongoing hydration reactions subsequently produced abundant hydrated amorphous phases (Kodosky and Keith, 1993). Although relict mineralogical evidence of argillization remains at some of the fossil fumaroles, at many of the sites the secondary alteration reactions have removed or obscured the record of prior argillization events. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,ALASKA VOLCANO OBSERV,ANCHORAGE,AK 99508. RP KODOSKY, LG (reprint author), OAKLAND COMMUNITY COLL,DEPT NAT SCI,AUBURN HILLS,MI 48326, USA. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 65 IS 3-4 BP 181 EP 190 DI 10.1016/0377-0273(94)00117-Y PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA RE368 UT WOS:A1995RE36800002 ER PT J AU MORGAN, JW AF MORGAN, JW TI FRACTIONAL CRYSTALLIZATION OF IRON-METEORITES - CONSTANT VERSUS CHANGING PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS - COMMENT SO METEORITICS LA English DT Note ID GROUP-IIIAB AB Jones (1994) demonstrated that fractional crystallization of IIIAB iron meteorites may result in a log Au vs. log Ni plot of constant slope even though k(Au) and k(Ni) change. Jones' example is a special case, however, and does not necessarily describe behavior by other elements or in other metallic magmas. RP MORGAN, JW (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MAIL STOP 981,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 SN 0026-1114 J9 METEORITICS JI Meteoritics PD MAY PY 1995 VL 30 IS 3 BP 352 EP 353 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QY294 UT WOS:A1995QY29400015 ER PT J AU BATES, GT HOSTETLER, SW GIORGI, F AF BATES, GT HOSTETLER, SW GIORGI, F TI 2-YEAR SIMULATION OF THE GREAT-LAKES REGION WITH A COUPLED MODELING SYSTEM SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC MODEL; BOUNDARY-LAYER; WEATHER; EVAPORATION; PREDICTION; LAHONTAN; REGCM2 AB In this paper, we report on an experiment aimed at evaluating the feasibility of the application of our coupled regional climate modeling system to long-term climate simulations over the Great Lakes region. The simulation analyzed covers a continuous 24-month period beginning 1 September 1990 and extending to 1 September 1992. Many aspects of this simulation agreed well with observations. Compared with European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analyses, area-averaged atmospheric temperature and moisture biases were generally small. The largest temperature biases were found in the simulated boundary layer, up to 1-1.5 K colder than observed in most months. Atmospheric moisture biases were of both signs and small in magnitude, almost universally less than 0.5 g kg(-1). Comparison of simulated surface air temperatures with station observations also indicated that model simulated temperatures generally display a cold bias. Simulated precipitation values agreed well with observations during the cold portions of the year while during warm month precipitation was overpredicted by 10%-50%. Spatial patterns of precipitation over the model domain agreed well with observations during the winter months but were not as well simulated during the other seasons. A one-dimensional lake model was coupled to the atmospheric component of the model to capture the effects of the Great Lakes on regional climate. Lake surface temperatures were generally well simulated by the lake model in the summer and fall seasons, and lake ice extent agreed well with the analysis over at least three of the five lakes. The greatest shortcomings in lake temperature simulation were the earlier-than-observed warm-up in the spring and warmer than observed peak temperatures in the summer over the northern portions of the lakes. Also, lake ice extent was generally overpredicted over Lake Superior and underpredicted over Lake Erie. In summary, the coupled modeling system described in this paper shows promise for use in climate simulations over regions where lakes are important such as the Great Lakes. It has been shown that many aspects of the simulation are in good agreement with available observations. Areas in which the results point to the need for further work are the model's convective parameterization, the eddy diffusivities in the lake model, and the treatment of clouds in the radiation package. C1 US GEOL SURVEY, BOULDER, CO USA. RP NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, DIV CLIMATE & GLOBAL DYNAM, POB 3000, BOULDER, CO 80307 USA. RI Giorgi, Filippo/C-3169-2013 NR 27 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 123 IS 5 BP 1505 EP 1522 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1995)123<1505:TYSOTG>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QV855 UT WOS:A1995QV85500015 ER PT J AU WOLOCK, DM MCCABE, GJ AF WOLOCK, DM MCCABE, GJ TI COMPARISON OF SINGLE AND MULTIPLE FLOW DIRECTION ALGORITHMS FOR COMPUTING TOPOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS IN TOPMODEL SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CATCHMENT GEOMORPHOLOGY; HYDROLOGIC SIMILARITY; RUNOFF PRODUCTION; MODEL; SOIL; SCALE; AREAS AB Single flow direction (sfd) and multiple flow direction (mfd) algorithms were used to compute the spatial and statistical distributions of the topographic index used in the watershed model TOPMODEL. An sfd algorithm assumes that subsurface flow occurs only in the steepest downslope direction from any given point; an mfd algorithm assumes that subsurface flow occurs in all downslope directions from any given point. The topographic index in TOPMODEL is ln (alpha/tan beta), where ln is the Napierian logarithm, a is the upslope area per unit contour length, and tan beta is the slope gradient. The ln (alpha/tan beta) distributions were computed from digital elevation model (DEM) data for locations with diverse topography in Arizona, Colorado, Louisiana, Nebraska, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Vermont, and Virginia. The means of the ln (alpha/tan beta) distributions were higher when the mfd algorithm was used for computation compared to when the sfd algorithm was used. The variances and skews of the distributions were lower for the mfd algorithm compared to the sfd algorithm. The differences between the mfd and sfd algorithms in the mean, variance, and skew of the ln (alpha/tan beta) distribution Were almost identical for the various DEMs and were not affected by DEM resolution or watershed size. TOPMODEL model efficiency and simulated flow paths were affected only slightly when the ln (alpha/tan beta) distribution was computed with the sfd algorithm instead of the mfd algorithm. Any difference in the model efficiency and simulated flow paths between the sfd and mfd algorithms essentially disappeared when the model was calibrated by adjusting subsurface hydraulic parameters. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,LAKEWOOD,CO 80225. RP WOLOCK, DM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,LAWRENCE,KS 66049, USA. NR 40 TC 178 Z9 197 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1315 EP 1324 DI 10.1029/95WR00471 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA QW768 UT WOS:A1995QW76800015 ER PT J AU SUDICKY, EA NAFF, RL AF SUDICKY, EA NAFF, RL TI NONREACTIVE AND REACTIVE SOLUTE TRANSPORT IN 3-DIMENSIONAL HETEROGENEOUS POROUS-MEDIA - MEAN DISPLACEMENT, PLUME SPREADING, AND UNCERTAINTY - REPLY SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Note C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. RP SUDICKY, EA (reprint author), UNIV WATERLOO,WATERLOO CTR GROUNDWATER RES,WATERLOO,ON N2L 3G1,CANADA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1443 EP 1444 DI 10.1029/95WR00091 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA QW768 UT WOS:A1995QW76800028 ER PT J AU CHAPMAN, CR VEVERKA, J THOMAS, PC KLAASEN, K BELTON, MJS HARCH, A MCEWEN, A JOHNSON, TV HELFENSTEIN, P DAVIES, ME MERLINE, WJ DENK, T AF CHAPMAN, CR VEVERKA, J THOMAS, PC KLAASEN, K BELTON, MJS HARCH, A MCEWEN, A JOHNSON, TV HELFENSTEIN, P DAVIES, ME MERLINE, WJ DENK, T TI DISCOVERY AND PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES OF DACTYL, A SATELLITE OF ASTEROID 243-IDA SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID FAMILIES AB OBSERVATIONS Of Stellar occultations by asteroids have suggested that some may have satellites(1), But given the absence of any confirmatory evidence, the prevailing view has been that although such satellites probably do exist, they are likely to be rare(2). Here we report the discovery(3) by the Galileo spacecraft of a satellite associated with the asteroid 243 Ida, Although the satellite, Dactyl, is only 1.6 km across, it has been imaged with sufficient resolution for geological analysis, We describe the physical properties of Dactyl, with emphasis on its notably smooth shape, its crater population (which includes a crater chain) and its photometric properties, We find that, spectroscopically, Dactyl resembles both Ida and the other members of the Koronis asteroid family, implying a similar composition; small spectral differences may reflect a space weathering process that slightly alters the colours with time, We argue that Dactyl originated during the breakup of the Koronis parent body, and that satellites could be common around other asteroids (particularly members of asteroid families). C1 CORNELL UNIV,CTR RADIOPHYS & SPACE RES,ITHACA,NY 14853. CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERV,TUCSON,AZ 85719. US GEOL SURVEY,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001. RAND CORP,SANTA MONICA,CA 90406. INST PLANETENERKUNDUNG,D-12484 BERLIN,GERMANY. RP CHAPMAN, CR (reprint author), SJI,INST PLANETARY SCI,620 N 6TH AVE,TUCSON,AZ 85705, USA. NR 23 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 3 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA 4 LITTLE ESSEX STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND WC2R 3LF SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD APR 27 PY 1995 VL 374 IS 6525 BP 783 EP 785 DI 10.1038/374783a0 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA QV315 UT WOS:A1995QV31500036 ER PT J AU BELTON, MJS CHAPMAN, CR THOMAS, PC DAVIES, ME GREENBERG, R KLAASEN, K BYRNES, D DAMARIO, L SYNNOTT, S JOHNSON, TV MCEWEN, A MERLINE, WJ DAVIS, DR PETIT, JM STORRS, A VEVERKA, J ZELLNER, B AF BELTON, MJS CHAPMAN, CR THOMAS, PC DAVIES, ME GREENBERG, R KLAASEN, K BYRNES, D DAMARIO, L SYNNOTT, S JOHNSON, TV MCEWEN, A MERLINE, WJ DAVIS, DR PETIT, JM STORRS, A VEVERKA, J ZELLNER, B TI BULK-DENSITY OF ASTEROID 243-IDA FROM THE ORBIT OF ITS SATELLITE DACTYL SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID S-TYPE ASTEROIDS; ORDINARY CHONDRITES AB DURING its reconnaissance of the asteroid 243 Ida, the Galileo spacecraft returned images of a second object, 1993(243)1 Dactyl(1)-the first confirmed satellite of an asteroid. Sufficient data were obtained on the motion of Dactyl to determine its orbit as a function of Ida's mass. Here we apply statistical and dynamical arguments to constrain the range of possible orbits, and hence the mass of Ida. Combined with the volume of Ida(2), this yields a bulk density of 2.6 +/- 0.5 g cm(-3). Allowing for the uncertainty in the porosity of Ida, this density range is consistent with a bulk chondritic composition, and argues against some (but not all) classes of meteoritic igneous rock types that have been suggested as compositionally representative of S-type asteroids like Ida. C1 SAIC,INST PLANETARY SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85705. CORNELL UNIV,CTR RADIOPHYS & SPACE RES,ITHACA,NY 14853. RAND CORP,SANTA MONICA,CA 90406. UNIV ARIZONA,LUNAR & PLANETARY LAB,TUCSON,AZ 85721. CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. US GEOL SURVEY,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001. SPACE TELESCOPE SCI INST,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. GEORGIA SO UNIV,DEPT PHYS,STATESBORO,GA 30460. RP BELTON, MJS (reprint author), NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERV,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 24 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 4 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA 4 LITTLE ESSEX STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND WC2R 3LF SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD APR 27 PY 1995 VL 374 IS 6525 BP 785 EP 788 DI 10.1038/374785a0 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA QV315 UT WOS:A1995QV31500037 ER PT J AU CARR, MH AF CARR, MH TI THE MARTIAN DRAINAGE SYSTEM AND THE ORIGIN OF VALLEY NETWORKS AND FRETTED CHANNELS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Review ID GROUND ICE; EARLY MARS; CLIMATIC CHANGE; LIQUID WATER; STABILITY; MORPHOLOGY; ATMOSPHERE; EVOLUTION; TERRESTRIAL; CARBONATES AB Outflow channels provide strong evidence for abundant water near the Martian surface and an extensive groundwater system. Collapse of the surface into some channels suggests massive subsurface erosion and/or solution in addition to erosion by flow across the surface. Flat floors, steep walls, longitudinal striae and ridges, downstream deflection of striae from channel walls, and lack of river channels suggest that fretted channels form dominantly by mass wasting. A two-stage process is proposed. In the first stage, extension of valleys at valley heads is favored by seepage of groundwater into debris shed from slopes. The debris moves downstream, aided by interstitial groundwater at the base of the debris, possibly with high pore pressures. In the second stage, because of climate change or a lower heat flow, groundwater can no longer seep into the debris flows in the valleys, their movement almost stops, and more viscous ice-lubricated debris aprons form. Almost all uplands at elevations greater than +1 km are dissected by valley networks, although the drainage densities are orders of magnitude less than is typical for the Earth. The valley networks resemble terrestrial river systems in planimetric shape, but U-shaped and rectangular-shaped cross sections, leveelike peripheral ridges, median ridges, patterns of branching and rejoining, and flat floors without river channels suggest that the networks may not be true analogs to terrestrial river valleys. It is proposed that they, like the fretted channels, formed mainly by mass wasting, aided by groundwater seepage into the mass-wasted debris. Movements of only millimeters to Centimeters per year are needed to explain the channel lengths. Most valley formation ceased early at low latitudes because of progressive dehydration of the near surface, the result of sublimation of water and/or drainage of groundwater to regions of lower elevations. Valley formation persisted to later dates where aided by steep slopes, as on crater and canyon walls, and/or by high heat hows and the presence of water, as on some volcanoes. RP CARR, MH (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MAIL STOP 975,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 105 TC 142 Z9 142 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD APR 25 PY 1995 VL 100 IS E4 BP 7479 EP 7507 DI 10.1029/95JE00260 PG 29 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QV150 UT WOS:A1995QV15000002 ER PT J AU SARTORETTI, P MCGRATH, MA MCEWEN, AS SPENCER, JR AF SARTORETTI, P MCGRATH, MA MCEWEN, AS SPENCER, JR TI POST-VOYAGER BRIGHTNESS VARIATIONS ON IO SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID GALILEAN SATELLITES; SURFACE; PHOTOMETRY; METEOROLOGY; MICROMETERS; HOTSPOTS; FROST; FLOW; SO2 AB Imaging of Io with the faint object and planetary cameras of the Hubble space telescope in 1992 and 1993 at wavelengths of similar to 3450, 3700, and 4100 Angstrom shows two surface areas that have undergone significant, large-scale change in reflectivity since the 1979 Voyager encounters. The first is located in Colchis Regio and covers similar to 10(6) km(2) between longitudes 150 degrees-180 degrees and latitudes -25 degrees to +30 degrees; the second is centered at longitude similar to 130 degrees, latitude similar to + 30 degrees, and extends for similar to 10(5) km(2). Both areas have darkened by greater than or equal to 45% since 1979. In light of the active volcanism discovered on Io by the Voyager I encounter, it seems reasonable to infer that these large-scale changes in surface morphology are due to some type of volcanic activity in the intervening 14 years. We hypothesize two possible causes for these darkenings: either large-scale eruptions of the Pele type have covered areas of existing SO2 surface frost with new, much darker deposits, or previously active eruptions of the Prometheus type (or smaller-scale venting), which apparently produce SO2 gas that is bright in the visible when it condenses as surface frost, have become inactive. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001. SPACE TELESCOPE SCI INST,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. LOWELL OBSERV,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001. RP SARTORETTI, P (reprint author), KITT PEAK NATL OBSERV,BOX 26732,950 N CHERRY AVE,TUCSON,AZ 85726, USA. NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD APR 25 PY 1995 VL 100 IS E4 BP 7523 EP 7530 DI 10.1029/94JE03205 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QV150 UT WOS:A1995QV15000005 ER PT J AU SIMONS, EL BOWN, TM AF SIMONS, EL BOWN, TM TI PTOLEMAIIDA, A NEW ORDER OF MAMMALIA - WITH DESCRIPTION OF THE CRANIUM OF PTOLEMAIA GRANGERI SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB All records of the exotic mammalian family Ptolemaiidae are known from 182 m of section in the lower to middle parts of the upper Eocene and lower Oligocene Jebel Qatrani Formation, Fayum Depression, Egypt. Previous tentative assignments of ptolemaiid affinity have suggested that these animals are allied with the primitive suborder Pantolesta (currently placed in the order Cimolesta). Though perhaps ultimately derived from an unknown member of that group, the likelihood that ptolemaiids constitute a distinct group is considered, and analysis of all known materials of Ptolemaia, Qarunavus, and Cleopatrodon demonstrates that these genera belong in their own order, the Ptolemaiida, described here. The morphologically unique dentition and only known ptolemaiid cranium, that of Ptolemaia grangeri, is described. Although Qarunavus and Cleopatrodon show some similarities in primitive characters to European merialine Paroxyclaenidae (suborder Pantolesta), their affinities clearly lie with Ptolemaia and the Ptolemaiida. C1 US GEOL SURVEY, PALEONTOL & STRATIG BRANCH, DENVER, CO 80225 USA. RP SIMONS, EL (reprint author), DUKE UNIV, CTR PRIMATE, DURHAM, NC 27705 USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 11 PY 1995 VL 92 IS 8 BP 3269 EP 3273 DI 10.1073/pnas.92.8.3269 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA QR968 UT WOS:A1995QR96800041 PM 11607526 ER PT J AU KATZMAN, R TENBRINK, US LIN, JA AF KATZMAN, R TENBRINK, US LIN, JA TI 3-DIMENSIONAL MODELING OF PULL-APART BASINS - IMPLICATIONS FOR THE TECTONICS OF THE DEAD-SEA BASIN SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; HEAT-FLOW; CALIFORNIA; SLIP; ZONE AB We model the three-dimensional (3-D) crustal deformation in a deep pull-apart basin as a result of relative plate motion along a transform system and compare the results to the tectonics of the Dead Sea Basin. The brittle upper crust is modeled by a boundary element technique as an elastic block, broken by two en echelon semi-infinite vertical faults, The deformation is caused by a horizontal displacement that is imposed everywhere at the bottom of the block except in a stress-free ''shear zone'' in the vicinity of the fault zone. The bottom displacement represents the regional relative plate motion. Results show that the basin deformation depends critically on the width of the shear zone and on the amount of overlap between basin-bounding faults. As the width of the shear zone increases, the depth of the basin decreases, the rotation around a vertical axis near the fault tips decreases, and the basin shape (the distribution of subsidence normalized by the maximum subsidence) becomes broader. In contrast, two-dimensional plane stress modeling predicts a basin shape that is independent of the width of the shear zone, Our models also predict full-graben profiles within the overlapped region between bounding faults and half-graben shapes elsewhere. Increasing overlap also decreases uplift near the fault tips and rotation of blocks within the basin. We suggest that the observed structure of the Dead Sea Basin can be described by a 3-D model having a large overlap (more than 30 km) that probably increased as the basin evolved as a result of a stable shear motion that was distributed laterally over 20 to 40 km. C1 WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST, DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS, WOODS HOLE, MA 02543 USA. US GEOL SURVEY, WOODS HOLE, MA 02543 USA. MIT, MIT WHOI JOINT PROGRAM OCEANOG, CAMBRIDGE, MA USA. RP KATZMAN, R (reprint author), MIT, DEPT EARTH ATMOSPHER & PLANETARY SCI, RM 540522, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA. NR 27 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD APR 10 PY 1995 VL 100 IS B4 BP 6295 EP 6312 DI 10.1029/94JB03101 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QT248 UT WOS:A1995QT24800027 ER PT J AU SAVAGE, JC AF SAVAGE, JC TI INTERSEISMIC UPLIFT AT THE NANKAI SUBDUCTION ZONE, SOUTHWEST JAPAN, 1951-1990 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID STRAIN ACCUMULATION; DEFORMATION; INVERSION; TROUGH; MODEL; SLIP AB Uplift as a function of time from 1951 through 1990 has been deduced from annual mean sea level measured at 15 tide gages along the Nankai subduction zone, southwest; Japan. The recurrence interval for rupture of the Nankai subduction zone is about 100 years, and the most recent rupture was in late 1946. Thus the 1951-1990 uplift record covers most of the first half of the earthquake cycle. The precision of the uplift record is better than could be obtained currently by annual Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements. The pre-1960 uplift record shows rapid deformation that appears to terminate in 1959. After 1959 the uplift record is remarkably linear in time: Significant curvature in the uplift-versus-time plots is detected at only three of the 15 tide gages. The inferred uplift rates are not quantitatively consistent with the predictions of either the viscoelastic coupling or elastic half-space models of subduction, but the agreement is sufficient to suggest that the causative physical mechanisms have been identified. The immediate postseismic response is controlled by the propagation of slip downward along the downdip extension of the coseismic rupture, and the interseismic response is caused by the accumulation of a slip deficit on the main thrust zone. Asthenosphere relaxation is not required to explain the observations. RP SAVAGE, JC (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, 345 MIDDLEFIELD RD, MS-977, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. NR 19 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD APR 10 PY 1995 VL 100 IS B4 BP 6339 EP 6350 DI 10.1029/95JB00242 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QT248 UT WOS:A1995QT24800030 ER PT J AU BENNETT, RA REILINGER, RE RODI, W LI, YP TOKSOZ, MN HUDNUT, K AF BENNETT, RA REILINGER, RE RODI, W LI, YP TOKSOZ, MN HUDNUT, K TI COSEISMIC FAULT SLIP ASSOCIATED WITH THE 1992 M(W)-6.1 JOSHUA-TREE, CALIFORNIA, EARTHQUAKE - IMPLICATIONS FOR THE JOSHUA-TREE LANDERS EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; LAYERED HALF-SPACE; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; BORAH PEAK; ELASTIC DISLOCATIONS; CRUSTAL DEFORMATION; EASTERN CALIFORNIA; MOJAVE-DESERT; SHEAR ZONE; INVERSION AB Coseismic surface deformation associated with the M(w) 6.1, April 23, 1992, Joshua Tree earthquake is well represented by estimates of geodetic monument displacements at 20 locations independently derived from Global Positioning System and trilateration measurements. The rms signal to noise ratio for these inferred displacements is 1.8 with near-fault displacement estimates exceeding 40 mm. In order to determine the long-wavelength distribution of slip over the plane of rupture, a Tikhonov regularization operator is applied to these estimates which minimizes stress variability subject to purely right-lateral slip and zero surface slip constraints. The resulting slip distribution yields a geodetic moment estimate of 1.7x10(18) N m with corresponding maximum slip around 0.8 m and compares well with independent and complementary information including seismic moment and source time function estimates and main shock and aftershock locations. From empirical Green's function analyses, a rupture duration of 5 s is obtained which implies a rupture radius of 6-8 km. Most of the inferred slip lies to the north of the hypocenter, consistent with northward rupture propagation. Stress drop estimates are in the range of 2-4 MPa. In addition, predicted Coulomb stress increases correlate remarkably well with the distribution of aftershock hypocenters; most of the aftershocks occur in areas for which the mainshock rupture produced stress increases larger than about 0.1 MPa. In contrast, predicted stress changes are near zero at the hypocenter of the M(w) 7.3, June 28, 1992, Landers earthquake which nucleated about 20 km beyond the northernmost edge of the Joshua Tree rupture. Based on aftershock migrations and the predicted static stress field, we speculate that redistribution of Joshua Tree-induced stress perturbations played a role in the spatio-temporal development of the earthquake sequence culminating in the Landers event. C1 US GEOL SURVEY, PASADENA, CA 91106 USA. RP BENNETT, RA (reprint author), MIT, DEPT EARTH ATMOSPHER & PLANETARY SCI, EARTH RESOURCES LAB, 42 CARLETON ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA. RI Hudnut, Kenneth/B-1945-2009; Hudnut, Kenneth/G-5713-2010 OI Hudnut, Kenneth/0000-0002-3168-4797; NR 53 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD APR 10 PY 1995 VL 100 IS B4 BP 6443 EP 6461 DI 10.1029/94JB02944 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QT248 UT WOS:A1995QT24800037 ER PT J AU BODIN, P GOMBERG, J AF BODIN, P GOMBERG, J TI EARTHQUAKE HAZARD SO NATURE LA English DT Letter RP BODIN, P (reprint author), MEMPHIS STATE UNIV,CTR EARTHQUAKE RES & INFORMAT,US GEOL SURVEY,MEMPHIS,TN 38152, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA 4 LITTLE ESSEX STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND WC2R 3LF SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD APR 6 PY 1995 VL 374 IS 6522 BP 492 EP 492 DI 10.1038/374492b0 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA QR069 UT WOS:A1995QR06900022 ER PT J AU BATES, AL SPIKER, EC HATCHER, PG STOUT, SA WEINTRAUB, VC AF BATES, AL SPIKER, EC HATCHER, PG STOUT, SA WEINTRAUB, VC TI SULFUR GEOCHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC-RICH SEDIMENTS FROM MUD LAKE, FLORIDA, USA SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INORGANIC SULFUR; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; PYRITE FORMATION; FRESH-WATER; ORIGIN; REDUCTION; SULFIDE; SHALES AB Organic-rich sediment cores from Mud Lake, Florida, were analyzed for sulfur species and their isotopic compositions. The cores include the upper 4 m of sediment, which consist of four major horizons based on petrographic analyses of the organic material: from 400- to similar to 300-cm depth, the sediment consists of a Cladium (sawgrass) peat; from 300- to 200-cm depth, the sediment consists mostly of Nymphaea (water-lily) peat; from 200- to 100-cm depth, the sapropel is more consolidated and contains a high proportion of non-combustible material, mostly from sponge spicules; and the sediment consists of an amorphous sapropel above 100-cm depth. The total-sulfur content of the sediment ranges from similar to 1.53% to similar to 4.95% (3.35-10.7% on an ash-free and carbonate-free basis) and is dominated by disulfide (pyrite), with maxima for both total sulfur and disulfide-sulfur at 117 and 365 cm. Organic-sulfur contents are slightly lower than those of disulfides but have a similar depth profile. Systematic changes in the isotopic composition of sedimentary disulfide and organic sulfur coincide with variations in the sulfur species and vegetation types. High disulfide contents and low disulfide isotopic ratio values (delta(34)S) characterize the saw-grass interval, indicating high sulfate availability during deposition or during later diagenesis. The water-lily interval is characterized by a change to higher delta(34)S-values for both disulfide- and organic sulfur, This change may be the result of higher organic matter accumulation accompanied by a higher rate of sulfate reduction and/or a slower rate of sulfate supply to the sediment. The transition to sapropel is accompanied by a large negative shift in disulfide delta(34)S-values, consistent with an increase in sulfate availability and a slower rate of sulfate reduction, Reactive iron availability does not appear to play a major role in limiting the amount of sulfide minerals in these sediments. Major shifts in delta(34)S-values at similar to 117-350-cm depth coincide with maxima in the amount of non-combustible material (mostly sponge spicules) in the sediment. These maxima may record refractory material which accumulated around the emergent vegetation at the margins of the wetland at the time of deposition. Alternatively, they may be records of dry periods when refractory material was concentrated in the sediment as organic matter became oxidized exposure to air. C1 PENN STATE UNIV, FUEL SCI PROGRAM, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA. UNOCAL CORP, DIV SCI & TECHNOL, BREA, CA 92621 USA. RP BATES, AL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, 959 NATL CTR, RESTON, VA 22092 USA. NR 41 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD APR 5 PY 1995 VL 121 IS 1-4 BP 245 EP 262 DI 10.1016/0009-2541(94)00122-O PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA RA688 UT WOS:A1995RA68800015 ER PT J AU MCKNIGHT, DM BENCALA, K ZELLWEGER, G HARNISH, R AF MCKNIGHT, DM BENCALA, K ZELLWEGER, G HARNISH, R TI OBSERVATIONS OF SEASONALLY VARIED ZINC CONCENTRATIONS IN AN ACIDIC STREAM SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 7 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23202289 ER PT J AU SCHROYER, BR CAPEL, PD AF SCHROYER, BR CAPEL, PD TI AN HPLC-BASED SCREENING METHOD FOR ATRAZINE, ALACHLOR, AND 10 TRANSFORMATION PRODUCTS IN SOIL AND WATER SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,GRAY FRESHWATER BIOL INST,DIV WATER RESOURCES,US GEOL SURV,NAVARRE,MN 55392. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 8 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23201954 ER PT J AU RUBLE, TE LEWAN, MD PHILP, RP AF RUBLE, TE LEWAN, MD PHILP, RP TI IMPORTANCE OF HYDROUS PYROLYSIS STUDIES IN PROPERLY IDENTIFYING SOURCE ROCKS OF THE UINTA BASIN SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV OKLAHOMA,SCH GEOL & GEOPHYS,NORMAN,OK 73019. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 13 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23202295 ER PT J AU ZIMMERMAN, LR THURMAN, EM AF ZIMMERMAN, LR THURMAN, EM TI ANALYSIS OF RIVER WATER FOR THE HERBICIDES 2,4-D AND DICAMBA BY SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION, DERIVATIZATION, AND GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY - MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,LAWRENCE,KS 66049. US GEOL SURVEY,SACRAMENTO,CA 95825. RI Zimmerman, Lisa/K-6674-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 13 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23201959 ER PT J AU KIMBALL, BA BROSHEARS, RE RUNKEL, RL AF KIMBALL, BA BROSHEARS, RE RUNKEL, RL TI APPLICATION OF A REACTIVE SOLUTE TRANSPORT MODEL TO IRON AND ALUMINUM REACTIONS IN A MOUNTAIN STREAM AFFECTED BY ACID-MINE DRAINAGE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84104. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 19 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23202301 ER PT J AU AGA, DS THURMAN, EM YOCKEL, ME AF AGA, DS THURMAN, EM YOCKEL, ME TI IDENTIFICATION OF A NEW METABOLITE OF METOLACHLOR IN SOIL - THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SULFONIC-ACID PATHWAY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,LAWRENCE,KS 66049. UNIV KANSAS,DEPT CHEM,LAWRENCE,KS 66045. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 28 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23201974 ER PT J AU CARTER, DS AF CARTER, DS TI MEASUREMENT OF CONCENTRATIONS OF ATRAZINE AND 4 DEGRADATION PRODUCTS IN SOIL PORE-WATERS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46278. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 29 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23201975 ER PT J AU KRUGER, EL BLANCHET, L KANWAR, RS MEYER, MT THURMAN, EM ANDERSON, TA RICE, PJ COATS, JR AF KRUGER, EL BLANCHET, L KANWAR, RS MEYER, MT THURMAN, EM ANDERSON, TA RICE, PJ COATS, JR TI MOVEMENT OF ATRAZINE, CYANAZINE, DEETHYLATRAZINE AND DEISOPROPYLATRAZINE IN SOIL SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ENTOMOL,PESTICIDE TOXICOL LAB,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGR & BIOSYST ENGN,AMES,IA 50011. US GEOL SURVEY,LAWRENCE,KS 66049. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 30 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23201976 ER PT J AU ECKHARDT, DAV AF ECKHARDT, DAV TI EVALUATING THE PROBABILITY OF ATRAZINE TRANSPORT AND FATE IN UNSATURATED SOIL SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USGS,ITHACA,NY 14850. CORNELL UNIV,SCAS,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 41 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23201987 ER PT J AU FINTSCHENKO, Y THURMAN, EM DENOYELLES, F HUGGINS, DG AF FINTSCHENKO, Y THURMAN, EM DENOYELLES, F HUGGINS, DG TI THE FATE AND DEGRADATION OF CYANAZINE IN WETLANDS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV KANSAS,DEPT CHEM,LAWRENCE,KS 66045. US DEPT INTERIOR,WASHINGTON,DC 20240. UNIV KANSAS,KANSAS BIOL SURV,LAWRENCE,KS 66045. US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,LAWRENCE,KS 66049. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 47 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23201993 ER PT J AU GOOLSBY, DA THURMAN, EM MEYER, MT MEYER, MT AF GOOLSBY, DA THURMAN, EM MEYER, MT MEYER, MT TI HERBICIDES AND METABOLITES IN SURFACE-WATER, RAINWATER, AND GROUND-WATER IN THE MIDWESTERN UNITED-STATES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,LAKEWOOD,CO 80225. US GEOL SURVEY,LAWRENCE,KS 66049. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 56 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23202002 ER PT J AU THURMAN, EM GOOLSBY, DA MEYER, MT CROMWELL, AE AF THURMAN, EM GOOLSBY, DA MEYER, MT CROMWELL, AE TI EVIDENCE FOR LONG-RANGE ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT AND DEGRADATION OF HERBICIDES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,LAWRENCE,KS 66049. TECH UNIV MUNICH,W-8050 FREISING,GERMANY. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 58 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23202004 ER PT J AU PEREIRA, WE HOSTETTLER, FD AF PEREIRA, WE HOSTETTLER, FD TI DISTRIBUTIONS OF HERBICIDES AND THEIR TRANSFORMATION PRODUCTS IN THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND ITS TRIBUTARIES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 59 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23202005 ER PT J AU MEYER, MT THURMAN, EM GOOLSBY, DA AF MEYER, MT THURMAN, EM GOOLSBY, DA TI CYANAZINE, ATRAZINE, AND THEIR METABOLITES AS GEOCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT IN THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,LAWRENCE,KS 66049. US GEOL SURVEY,LAKEWOOD,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 62 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23202008 ER PT J AU HOCH, AR REDDY, MM DREVER, JI AF HOCH, AR REDDY, MM DREVER, JI TI DISSOLUTION RATES IN 2 CLINOPYROXENES AS A FUNCTION OF IRON CONTENT AND DISSOLVED O2 IN-REACTOR SOLUTION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV WYOMING,DEPT GEOL,LARAMIE,WY 82071. USGS,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 67 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23202348 ER PT J AU CECIL, LD FRAPE, SK DRIMMIE, RJ SUDICKY, EA CHERRY, JA SHARMA, P ELMORE, D VOGT, S AF CECIL, LD FRAPE, SK DRIMMIE, RJ SUDICKY, EA CHERRY, JA SHARMA, P ELMORE, D VOGT, S TI GROUNDWATER-FLOW VELOCITIES AND DISPERSIVITIES DETERMINED USING CL-36 DATA FROM 29 YEARS OF ARCHIVED WATER SAMPLES, SNAKE RIVER PLAIN AQUIFER, IDAHO SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83403. UNIV WATERLOO,WATERLOO,ON N2E 3GI,CANADA. PURDUE UNIV,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 69 EP NUCL PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23300069 ER PT J AU BAILEY, AM COHEN, AD OREM, WH AF BAILEY, AM COHEN, AD OREM, WH TI ENHANCED MOBILIZATION OF MAJOR INORGANICS DURING COALIFICATION OF PEATS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. UNIV SW LOUISIANA,DEPT GEOL,LAFAYETTE,LA 70504. UNIV S CAROLINA,DEPT GEOL SCI,COLUMBIA,SC 29208. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 72 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23202353 ER PT J AU CLOW, DW AF CLOW, DW TI WEATHERING RATES AS A FUNCTION OF FLOW-THROUGH AN ALPINE SOIL SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 75 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23202356 ER PT J AU LOVLEY, DR WOODWARD, JC PHILLIPS, EJP COATES, JD AF LOVLEY, DR WOODWARD, JC PHILLIPS, EJP COATES, JD TI FACTORS CONTROLLING THE MICROBIAL REDUCTION OF FE(III) OXIDES IN SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 91 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23202372 ER PT J AU LOVLEY, DR WOODARD, JC COATES, JD CHAPELLE, FH AF LOVLEY, DR WOODARD, JC COATES, JD CHAPELLE, FH TI ANAEROBIC BIOREMEDIATION OF BENZENE IN PETROLEUM-CONTAMINATED AQUIFERS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 98 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23202044 ER PT J AU ROSTAD, CE AF ROSTAD, CE TI ORGANIC COLLOID AS A MODE OF TRANSPORT FOR TOXIC HALOGENATED ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS IN THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,ARVADA,CO 80002. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 115 EP COLL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23201626 ER PT J AU REDDY, MM AF REDDY, MM TI CALCIUM-CARBONATE FORMATION IN PYRAMID LAKE, NEVADA SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 125 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23202071 ER PT J AU LOVELAND, JP RYAN, JN AMY, GL HARVEY, RW AF LOVELAND, JP RYAN, JN AMY, GL HARVEY, RW TI ATTACHMENT AND RELEASE OF VIRUSES FROM MINERAL SURFACES - THE ROLE OF THE SECONDARY MINIMUM SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CIVIL ENVIRONM & ARCHITECTURAL ENGN,BOULDER,CO 80309. US GEOL SURVEY,BOULDER,CO 80304. RI Harvey, Ronald/C-5783-2013 OI Harvey, Ronald/0000-0002-2791-8503 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 142 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23202088 ER PT J AU TRAINOR, T WILDEMAN, T GOLDFARB, R AF TRAINOR, T WILDEMAN, T GOLDFARB, R TI ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY OF THE MCKINLEY LAKE GOLD MINING DISTRICT, CHUGACH-NATIONAL-FOREST ALASKA SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 COLORADO SCH MINES,DEPT CHEM & GEOCHEM,GOLDEN,CO 80401. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 173 EP CHED PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23201037 ER PT J AU VERSTRAETEN, IM LEWIS, DT MCCALLISTER, DL PARKHURST, AM THURMAN, EM AF VERSTRAETEN, IM LEWIS, DT MCCALLISTER, DL PARKHURST, AM THURMAN, EM TI RELATION OF LANDSCAPE POSITION AND IRRIGATION TO CONCENTRATIONS OF ALACHLOR, ATRAZINE, AND SELECTED DEGRADATES IN REGOLITH IN NORTHEASTERN NEBRASKA SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCE,LINCOLN,NE 68508. UNIV NEBRASKA,LINCOLN,NE 68588. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 187 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23202133 ER PT J AU HARNISH, RA MCKNIGHT, DM RANVILLE, J STEPHENS, VC OREM, WH HONEYMAN, BD AF HARNISH, RA MCKNIGHT, DM RANVILLE, J STEPHENS, VC OREM, WH HONEYMAN, BD TI ACTINIDE REACTIVITY WITH COLLOIDAL PARTICLES AND DISSOLVED PHASES IN-GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS AT THE ROCKY FLATS PLANT, COLORADO SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,BOULDER,CO 80303. US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. COLORADO SCH MINES,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI & ENGN,GOLDEN,CO 80401. RI Ranville, James/H-1428-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 206 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23202152 ER PT J AU ALEINIKOFF, JN ZARTMAN, RE WALTER, M RANKIN, DW LYTTLE, PT BURTON, WC AF ALEINIKOFF, JN ZARTMAN, RE WALTER, M RANKIN, DW LYTTLE, PT BURTON, WC TI U-PB AGES OF METARHYOLITES OF THE CATOCTIN AND MOUNT-ROGERS FORMATIONS, CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS - EVIDENCE FOR 2 PULSES OF IAPETAN RIFTING SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NEWFOUNDLAND; GEOCHRONOLOGY; EVOLUTION; VIRGINIA; ZIRCON; OCEAN AB U-Pb ages of zircon from rhyolites of the Catoctin and Mount Rogers Formations demonstrate that rifting of the Laurentian continent to form the Iapetus Ocean was a prolonged event spanning 200 my involving two important pulses of extrusive igneous activity. Rhyolitic flows of the non-fossiliferous Catoctin and Mount Rogers Formations, long correlated with one another on the basis of similar stratigraphic constraints, are dated at 564 +/- 9 Ma and 758 +/- 12 Ma, respectively. A hypabyssal felsic dike, intruding Middle Proterozoic (Grenville) granitic gneiss basement and presumed to feed the Catoctin flows, is dated at 572 +/- 5 Ma. These new data invalidate previous geochronology that combined U-Pb data from both units to derive an upper intercept age of about 810 Ma. Ages of anorogenic granitoids of the Crossnore Complex (760-740 Ma), Robertson River Igneous Suite (730-700 Ma), and the Bakersville mafic dike swarm (734 Ma) are bracketed by the new ages presented herein, but all are closer to the age of the Mount Rogers than the Catoctin. All these data suggest a history of rifting in the central and southern Appalachians spanning 200 my near the end of the Late Proterozoic. The earliest pulses, represented by the Mount Rogers Formation and by granitoids, did not proceed to continental separation and are not recorded north of the Potomac River. The later pulse or pulses, which produced the areally more extensive Catoctin Formation, affected the area from Newfoundland (ages of 617-590 Ma) to North Carolina and resulted in the opening of the Iapetus Ocean. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. RP ALEINIKOFF, JN (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 53 TC 162 Z9 165 U1 2 U2 9 PU KLINE GEOLOGY LABORATORY PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520 SN 0002-9599 J9 AM J SCI JI Am. J. Sci. PD APR PY 1995 VL 295 IS 4 BP 428 EP 454 PG 27 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA QT509 UT WOS:A1995QT50900002 ER PT J AU SQUIRES, JR ANDERSON, SH AF SQUIRES, JR ANDERSON, SH TI TRUMPETER SWAN (CYGNUS BUCCINATOR) FOOD-HABITS IN THE GREATER YELLOWSTONE ECOSYSTEM SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID BODY-COMPOSITION; CANADA GEESE; WATERFOWL; REPRODUCTION AB We documented the winter, spring and summer food habits of trumpeter swans (Cygnus baccinator) in the greater Yellowstone area (the intersection of Idaho, Montana and Wyoming) and studied the diet preference of nesting swans. Although 23 foods were detected in trumpeter swan diets during the winter, spring and summer, only 8 contributed at least 3% to the diet during any one season (Table 1). Dominant foods (over 10% of the diet in at least one season) included Chara spp. (21.7%, 4.1%, mean, se), Elodea canadensis (11.4%, 3.1), Potamogeton spp. (32.3%, 4.2), and Potamogeton pectinatus tubers (15.7%, 3.6). Potamogeton pectinatus tubers were highly preferred by swans and tuber consumption significantly (P = 0.03) increased from winter (23.4%, 10.5) to spring (38.5%, 10.0). The primary food in summer was Potamogeton foliage which accounted for 48.2% of the summer diet. Nesting trumpeter swans significantly (P = 0.039) prefer Potamogeton spp. when it was available at feeding sites within their territories. Chara spp, was eaten in proportion to its availability, and swans avoided eating Ceratophyllum demersum and Myriophyllum exalbescens. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,WYOMING COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,LARAMIE,WY 82071. RP SQUIRES, JR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,222 S 22ND ST,LARAMIE,WY 82070, USA. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD APR PY 1995 VL 133 IS 2 BP 274 EP 282 DI 10.2307/2426391 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QX019 UT WOS:A1995QX01900008 ER PT J AU MECH, LD FRITTS, SH WAGNER, D AF MECH, LD FRITTS, SH WAGNER, D TI MINNESOTA WOLF DISPERSAL TO WISCONSIN AND MICHIGAN SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Note ID CANIS-LUPUS; WOLVES AB Records are presented of three wolves that dispersed greater than or equal to 200 km from northern Minnesota to the Minnesota-Wisconsin border, to southern Wisconsin, and to Michigan. This report documents that wolves cross major highways and other developed areas and that the recently recolonized wolf population in Wisconsin and Michigan could have originated from wolf populations in Minnesota other than those living along the Minnesota-Wisconsin border. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,HELENA,MT 59601. MICHIGAN DEPT NAT RESOURCES,CRYSTAL FALLS,MI 49920. RP MECH, LD (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,NAT BIOL SERV,LAUREL,MD 20708, USA. NR 12 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD APR PY 1995 VL 133 IS 2 BP 368 EP 370 DI 10.2307/2426402 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QX019 UT WOS:A1995QX01900019 ER PT J AU HEATON, SN BURSIAN, SJ GIESY, JP TILLITT, DE RENDER, JA JONES, PD VERBRUGGE, DA KUBIAK, TJ AULERICH, RJ AF HEATON, SN BURSIAN, SJ GIESY, JP TILLITT, DE RENDER, JA JONES, PD VERBRUGGE, DA KUBIAK, TJ AULERICH, RJ TI DIETARY EXPOSURE OF MINK TO CARP FROM SAGINAW BAY, MICHIGAN .1. EFFECTS ON REPRODUCTION AND SURVIVAL, AND THE POTENTIAL RISKS TO WILD MINK POPULATIONS SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GREAT-LAKES FISH; DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANTS; CHICK-EDEMA DISEASE; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; COMPARATIVE TOXICOLOGY; RHESUS-MONKEYS; MUSTELA-VISON; AROCLOR 1254; EATING BIRDS; PCB AB Carp (Cyprinus carpio) collected from Saginaw Bay, Michigan, containing 8.4 mg total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)/kg and 194 ng of 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (TEQs)/kg, were substituted for marine fish at levels of 0, 10, 20, or 40% in the diets of adult ranch mink (Mustela vison). The diets, containing 0.015, 0.72, 1.53, and 2.56 mg PCBs/kg diet, or 1.03, 19.41, 40.02, and 80.76 ng TEQs/kg diet, respectively, were fed to mink prior to and throughout the reproductive period to evaluate the effects of a naturally-contaminated prey species on their survival and reproductive performance. The total quantities of PCBs ingested by the mink fed 0, 10, 20, or 40% carp over the 85-day treatment period were 0.34, 13.2, 25.3, and 32.3 mg PCBs/mink, respectively. The corresponding quantities of TEQs ingested by the mink over the same treatment period were 23, 356, 661, and 1,019 ng TEQs/mink, respectively. Consumption of feed by mink was inversely proportional to the PCB and TEQ content of the diet. The diets containing Saginaw Bay carp caused impaired reproduction and/or reduced survival of the kits. Compared to controls, body weights of kits at birth were significantly reduced in the 20 and 40% carp groups, and kit body weights and survival in the 10 and 20% carp groups were significantly reduced at three and six weeks of age. The females fed 40% carp whelped the fewest number of kits, all of which were stillborn or died within 24 hours. Lowest observable adverse effect levels (LOAEL) of 0.134 mg PCBs/kg body weight/day or 3.6 ng TEQs/kg body weight/day for adult female mink were determined. The potential effects of exposure of wild mink to contaminated Great Lakes fish were assessed by calculating ''maximum allowable daily intakes'' and ''hazard indices'' based on total concentrations of PCB residues in several species of Great Lakes fish and mink toxicity data derived from the study. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,E LANSING,MI 48824. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,E LANSING,MI 48824. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT PATHOL,E LANSING,MI 48824. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,INST ENVIRONM TOXICOL,E LANSING,MI 48824. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,PESTICIDE RES CTR,E LANSING,MI 48824. NATL BIOL SURVEY,NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES CTR,COLUMBIA,MO 65201. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,E LANSING,MI 48823. RI Jones, Paul/O-2046-2015 OI Jones, Paul/0000-0002-7483-5380 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES-04911] NR 67 TC 100 Z9 103 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 28 IS 3 BP 334 EP 343 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA QL310 UT WOS:A1995QL31000011 PM 7726645 ER PT J AU HARTZELL, S LIU, PC AF HARTZELL, S LIU, PC TI DETERMINATION OF EARTHQUAKE SOURCE PARAMETERS USING A HYBRID GLOBAL SEARCH ALGORITHM SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID WAVE-FORM INVERSION; COMPLEX BODY WAVES; GENETIC ALGORITHMS; SEQUENCE AB A hybrid global optimization algorithm using a combination of simulated annealing and downhill simplex methods is used to invert teleseismic body waves for earthquake source parameters. Time-domain constraints on the source-time function, inversion for double-couple parameters rather than moment tenser elements, and consideration of multiple sources lead to a nonlinear and multimodal problem, in which the objective function contains many local minima. Traditional approaches that linearize the problem and use iterative least squares are dependent on the starting model and the order in which multiple sources are processed, and can converge to a local minimum. Also, grid searches are impractical for the number of parameters we treat simultaneously. The hybrid global method provides an attractive alternative because it converges to the global minimum of a prescribed objective function and can be used to invert for multiple sources simultaneously. Model parameter constraints are easy to incorporate into the global search process, if they are desired. A multiple point-source parameterization of the 1992 Landers, California, earthquake is used as an example of the inversion method. Rupture in this earthquake occurred along three main fault segments: the Johnson Valley fault, the Homestead fault, and the Emerson/Rock Creek faults. We invert for the strike, dip, and rake of each source, the time separation of the sources, and the farfield source-time function of each source. Parameters obtained from the inversion are consistent with field observations and the results of other investigations. Strikes vary consistently with the trend of the surface ruptures. The dip is near 90 degrees along the entire length of the rupture, and the rake is nearly pure right-lateral strike slip. The estimated moment is 7.6 x 10(26) dyne-cm. The continuity of the moment release across the junction of the Homestead and Emerson faults suggests that these two faults may be more continuous at depth than at the surface. Moment release in the transition from the Johnson Valley to the Homestead faults is complex, indicating a complicated time history of faulting and a less direct relationship between the primary mapped faults. C1 CHINESE ACAD SCI,INST GEOPHYS,BEIJING 100101,PEOPLES R CHINA. RP HARTZELL, S (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,EARTHQUAKE & LANDSLIDE HAZARDS BRANCH,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 31 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 1995 VL 85 IS 2 BP 516 EP 524 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QU934 UT WOS:A1995QU93400007 ER PT J AU SAVAGE, JC GROSS, WK AF SAVAGE, JC GROSS, WK TI REVISED DISLOCATION MODEL OF THE 1986 CHALFANT VALLEY EARTHQUAKE, EASTERN CALIFORNIA SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Note ID SEQUENCE AB A revised dislocation model is proposed to describe the 1986 Chalfant Valley rupture. Leveling data from surveys across the epicentral area are inconsistent with any appreciable dip-slip component in the oblique-slip model that we had proposed earlier, The revised model involves right-lateral slip on the northwest trending main rupture surface and left-lateral slip on the conjugate foreshock rupture surface. RP SAVAGE, JC (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 1995 VL 85 IS 2 BP 629 EP 631 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QU934 UT WOS:A1995QU93400015 ER PT J AU ROGERS, JA STEPHENS, CD AF ROGERS, JA STEPHENS, CD TI SSAM - REAL-TIME SEISMIC SPECTRAL AMPLITUDE MEASUREMENT ON A PC AND ITS APPLICATION TO VOLCANO MONITORING SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Note AB The seismic spectral amplitude measurement (SSAM) system is a new, inexpensive tool for monitoring the spectra of seismic signals in near real time on a low-cost PC. The heart of the system is a digital signal processing board that is capable of continuously computing fast Fourier transforms (FFT) for up to 64 channels of data digitized at a rate of 100 samples per second. Parameters such as the frequency range of each spectral band and the time interval over which the spectral amplitude within each band is averaged are easily modified through a startup control file for the data acquisition program. In the current system, spectral amplitudes are computed approximately every 5 sec and then averaged within each of 16 user-defined frequency bands over a 1-min interval. Data for each time interval are output through a parallel port for use in real-time display and written into binary files on disk for archiving and later analysis. Spectrograms generated from these data proved to be an effective tool for assessing the nature of long-period (LP) event swarms that accompanied the 1989-1990 eruption sequence at Redoubt volcano, Alaska, and for distinguishing these signals from seismic noise. In particular, one of the eruptions was successfully forecast principally on the basis of identifying the precursory LP swarm on SSAM records. RP ROGERS, JA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 1995 VL 85 IS 2 BP 632 EP 639 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QU934 UT WOS:A1995QU93400016 ER PT J AU MUELLER, RJ LEE, M JOHNSTON, MJS BORCHERDT, RD GLASSMOYER, G SILVERMAN, S AF MUELLER, RJ LEE, M JOHNSTON, MJS BORCHERDT, RD GLASSMOYER, G SILVERMAN, S TI NEAR REAL-TIME MONITORING OF SEISMIC EVENTS AND STATUS OF PORTABLE DIGITAL RECORDERS USING SATELLITE TELEMETRY SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Note ID SYSTEM AB Near real-time monitoring of seismic events and status of portable 16-bit digital recorders has been established for arrays near Parkfield, Mammoth Lakes, and San Francisco, California. This monitoring system provides near real-time seismic event identification (rough location and magnitude) and a cost-effective means to maintain arrays at near 100% operational level. Principal objectives in the design of this system have been portability and low-cost telemetry. The system has been developed to use portable digital seismic recorders (GEOS-General Earthquake Observation System) and portable data collection platforms (DCP's) for the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) telemetry system. Data are transferred asynchronously from the GEOS seismic system through a microprocessor-controlled interface every 10 min. The interface stores, determines priority, converts, and synchronously transfers these data to a Sutron Corp. model 8004 DCP for transmission through the GOES satellite telemetry system. Event parameters include trigger time, peak amplitude, time of peak amplitude, and event duration. Instrument configuration parameters, transmitted at system start-up time and every 24 hr, include recording parameters, trigger parameters, GEOS software version, clock reference, and location parameter. Instrument status includes battery voltage, number of events, and percentage of tape usage. These data are transmitted as appropriate to the U.S. Geological Survey satellite downlink and computers located in Menlo Park, California, where they are processed and displayed. RP MUELLER, RJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 1995 VL 85 IS 2 BP 640 EP 645 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QU934 UT WOS:A1995QU93400017 ER PT J AU MASTIN, LG AF MASTIN, LG TI THERMODYNAMICS OF GAS AND STEAM-BLAST ERUPTIONS SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE THERMODYNAMICS; GAS ERUPTIONS; STEAM-BLAST ERUPTIONS ID HYDROTHERMAL ERUPTIONS; VOLCANIC EXPLOSION; DEPOSITS; MODEL; MECHANISMS; MIXTURES; CALDERA; VALLEY; FLOW AB Eruptions of gas or steam and non-juvenile debris are common in volcanic and hydrothermal areas. From reports of non-juvenile eruptions or eruptive sequences world-wide, at least three types (or end-members) can be identified: (1) those involving rock and liquid water initially at boiling-point temperatures ('boiling-point eruptions'); (2) those powered by gas (primarily water vapor) at initial temperatures approaching magmatic ('gas eruptions'); and (3) those caused by rapid mixing of hot rock and ground- or surface water ('mixing eruptions'). For these eruption types, the mechanical energy released, final temperatures, liquid water contents and maximum theoretical velocities are compared by assuming that the erupting mixtures of rock and fluid thermally equilibrate, then decompress isentropically from initial, near-surface pressure (less than or equal to 10 MPa) to atmospheric pressure. Maximum mechanical energy release is by far greatest for gas eruptions (less than or equal to similar to 1.3 MJ/kg of fluid-rock mixture) - about one-half that of an equivalent mass of gunpowder and one-fourth that of TNT. It is somewhat less for mixing eruptions (less than or equal to similar to 0.4 MJ/kg), and least for boiling-point eruptions (less than or equal to similar to 0.25 MJ/kg). The final water contents of erupted boiling-point mixtures are usually high, producing wet, sloppy deposits. Final erupted mixtures from gas eruptions are nearly always dry, whereas those from mixing eruptions vary from wet to dry. If all the enthalpy released in the eruptions were converted to kinetic energy, the final velocity (v(max)) of these mixtures could range up to 670 m/s for boiling-point eruptions and 1820 m/s for gas eruptions (highest for high initial pressure and mass fractions of rock (m(r)) near zero). For mixing eruptions, v(max) ranges up to 1150 m/s. All observed eruption velocities are less than 400 m/s, largely because (1) most solid material is expelled when m(r) is high, hence v(max) is low; (2) observations are made of large blocks the velocities of which may be less than the average for the mixture; (3) heat from solid particles is not efficiently transferred to the fluid during the eruptions; and (4) maximum velocities are reduced by choked flow or friction in the conduit. RP MASTIN, LG (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,CASCADES VOLCANO OBSERV,5400 MACARTHUR BLVD,VANCOUVER,WA 98661, USA. NR 65 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 57 IS 2 BP 85 EP 98 DI 10.1007/BF00301399 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA RB637 UT WOS:A1995RB63700001 ER PT J AU MANGAN, MT HELIKER, CC MATTOX, TN KAUAHIKAUA, JP HELZ, RT AF MANGAN, MT HELIKER, CC MATTOX, TN KAUAHIKAUA, JP HELZ, RT TI EPISODE-49 OF THE PUU-OO KUPAIANAHA ERUPTION OF KILAUEA VOLCANO - BREAKDOWN OF A STEADY-STATE ERUPTIVE ERA SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE KILAUEA; PUU OO-KUPAIANAHA BASALTIC ERUPTION; VOLCANIC PLUMBING; LAVA FLOWS GEOCHEMISTRY ID MAGMATIC PROCESSES; EAST-RIFT; HAWAII; SYSTEMS; STORAGE; LAVA AB The Pu'u 'O'o-Kupaianaha eruption (1983-present) is the longest lived rift eruption of either Ki lauea or neighboring Mauna Loa in recorded history. The initial fissure opening in January 1983 was followed by three years of episodic fire fountaining at the Pu'u'O'o vent on Kilauea's east rift zone similar to 19 km from the summit (episodes 4-47). These spectacular events gave way in July 1986 to five and a half years of near-continuous, low-level effusion from the Kupaianaha vent, similar to 3 km to the east (episode 48). A 49th episode began in November 1991 with the opening of a new fissure between Pu'u 'O'o and Kupaianaha. This three week long outburst heralded an era of more erratic eruptive behavior characterized by the shut down of Kupaianaha in February 1992 and subsequent intermittent eruption from vents on the west flank of Pu'u 'O'o (episodes 50 and 51). The events occurring over this period are due to progressive shrinkage of the rift-zone reservoir beneath the eruption site, and had limited impact on eruption temperatures and lava composition. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. RP MANGAN, MT (reprint author), USGS,HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERV,HAWAII NATL PK,HI 96718, USA. NR 38 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 57 IS 2 BP 127 EP 135 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA RB637 UT WOS:A1995RB63700005 ER PT J AU LABAUGH, JW ROSENBERRY, DO WINTER, TC AF LABAUGH, JW ROSENBERRY, DO WINTER, TC TI GROUNDWATER CONTRIBUTION TO THE WATER AND CHEMICAL BUDGETS OF WILLIAMS LAKE, MINNESOTA, 1980-1991 SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PRECIPITATION-DOMINATED LAKE; MASS BALANCE METHOD; SLUG TEST; PHOSPHORUS; WISCONSIN; TRANSPORT; PATTERNS; EXCHANGE; ALBERTA; USA AB Groundwater seepage was the largest annual flux of water into (58-76%) and out of (73-83%) Williams Lake during a 12-year study, during which the entire volume of the lake was replaced four times. The only other water fluxes to and from the lake, which has no surface-water inlet or outlet, were atmospheric precipitation and evaporation. Nearly all of the annual input of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, sulfate, and silica was provided by groundwater. Although much of the calcium and most of the silica input was retained in the lake, this retention did not result in increased chemical mass in the lake water mass because biologically mediated removal of calcium and silica to the sediments equaled or exceeded loss by lake seepage to groundwater. Groundwater represented as much as one-half the annual hydrological input of phosphorus and nitrogen; the remainder was supplied by atmospheric precipitation. From about 70 to 90% of the annual input of phosphorus and nitrogen was retained in the lake. Although water and chemical fluxes varied from year to year, interaction of the lake with groundwater determined the hydrological and chemical characteristics of Williams Lake. RP LABAUGH, JW (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,BOX 25046,MAIL STOP 413,LAKEWOOD,CO 80225, USA. RI Rosenberry, Donald/C-2241-2013; OI Rosenberry, Donald/0000-0003-0681-5641 NR 50 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD APR PY 1995 VL 52 IS 4 BP 754 EP 767 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA RW408 UT WOS:A1995RW40800010 ER PT J AU LIU, J BOHLEN, SR AF LIU, J BOHLEN, SR TI MIXING PROPERTIES AND STABILITY OF JADEITE-ACMITE PYROXENE IN THE PRESENCE OF ALBITE AND QUARTZ SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE CALIBRATION; DIOPSIDE; THERMOCHEMISTRY; TRANSFORMATION; PLAGIOCLASE; OMPHACITE AB The stability of synthetic jadeite-acmite pyroxene coexisting with albite and quartz has been determined at 600, 700, and 900 degrees C. The end-member reaction: albite = jadeite + quartz has been determined to lie between 1.67 and 1.70 GPa at 600 degrees C, 1.88 and 1.90 GPa at 700 degrees C, and 2.44 and 2.48 GPa at 900 degrees C. Jd(78)Acm(22) + quartz is stable above 1.58, 1.78, and 2.33 GPa at 600, 700, and 900 degrees C, respectively. Jd(61)Acm(39) + quartz is stable above 1.47, 1.67, and 2.18 GPa at 600, 700, and 900 degrees C, respectively. Addition of as much as 40% of acmite component in jadeite extends pyroxene stability by less than 300 MPa at 900 degrees C. Unit-cell parameters measured for synthetic jadeite-acmite pyroxenes indicate linear volume-composition relations. The data are consistent with ideal mixing in jadeite-acmite solutions. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MS 910,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP LIU, J (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,DEPT GEOL & ENVIRONM SCI,STANFORD,CA 94305, USA. NR 26 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0010-7999 J9 CONTRIB MINERAL PETR JI Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 119 IS 4 BP 433 EP 440 DI 10.1007/BF00286940 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA QY600 UT WOS:A1995QY60000008 ER PT J AU WANG, WC FREEMARK, K AF WANG, WC FREEMARK, K TI THE USE OF PLANTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Review ID TOXICITY TESTS; ECOTOXICOLOGIC EVALUATION; GROWTH-INHIBITION; ECOLOGICAL RISK; COMMON DUCKWEED; METABOLIC-FATE; TEST SYSTEMS; TOXICOLOGY; CHEMICALS; PHYTOTOXICITY AB This paper presents a critical review on phytotoxicity tests for environmental monitoring and assessment. Vascular macrophytes used in the laboratory testing are emphasized; algae are mentioned only for comparison. Several issues are discussed, including the rationale for and misconceptions about phytotoxicity tests, relation to regulation, status of phytotoxicity test protocols, advantages and disadvantages of phytotoxicity tests, and possible research directions. Aquatic and terrestrial macrophytes, along with algae, are essential components of ecosystems. Macrophytes are becoming more important for the monitoring and assessment of herbicides, effluents, and industrial chemicals. In the United States, Canada, and international organizations, phytotoxicity tests can be required for environmental monitoring and assessment in statutes such as Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act; Toxic Substances Control Act; Water Quality Act; Canadian Pest Control Products Act; and Canadian Environmental Protection Act. Possible research directions for phytotoxicity tests are discussed relative to the role in regulations of industrial chemicals, effluents, hazardous waste sites, and pesticides. C1 ENVIRONM CANADA, NATL WILDLIFE RES CTR, CANADIAN WILDLIFE SERV, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0H3, CANADA. RP WANG, WC (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, 720 GRACERN RD, SUITE 129, COLUMBIA, SC 29210 USA. NR 113 TC 102 Z9 110 U1 4 U2 34 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 EI 1090-2414 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD APR PY 1995 VL 30 IS 3 BP 289 EP 301 DI 10.1006/eesa.1995.1033 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA QV761 UT WOS:A1995QV76100007 PM 7541343 ER PT J AU MILLER, RL MCPHERSON, BF AF MILLER, RL MCPHERSON, BF TI MODELING PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION IN WATER OF TAMPA BAY, FLORIDA, WITH EMPHASIS ON THE GEOMETRY OF INCIDENT IRRADIANCE SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LIGHT ATTENUATION; LIGHT FIELDS; MODELS; PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY; INTERFACE PHENOMENA; SEA-GRASSES; PHOTOPERIODS; TAMPA BAY ID LIGHT; EELGRASS; ATTENUATION AB Field studies that compare the spatial and temporal variation in light attenuation often neglect effects of solar elevation angle, yet these effects can be significant. To approximately correct for these angular effects, we developed a model that uses a simplified geometric description of incident direct solar beam and diffuse skylight. The model incorporates effects of solar elevation angle and cloudiness on the amount of in-air photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) that passes through the air-water interface and on K-0 in waters of relatively low turbidity. The model was calibrated with 3266 5-min averages of scalar PAR measured in air and at two depths in water and permits the value of K-0 to be adjusted approximately for the effects of time of day, season and cloudiness. The model was then used with 255 days of in-air PAR data (15-min averages) to evaluate irradiance that entered the water and attenuation in the water. On an annual basis, 49% of the incident scalar irradiance, or 380 mu mol m(-2) s(-1), was estimated to enter the water of Tampa Bay. The value of K-0, was estimated to vary as much as 41% on a clear summer day due to changes in solar elevation angle. The model was used to make estimates of the depth to which sea-grasses might receive adequate light for survival for a range of values of K-0. This approach should be useful for projecting the effect of changes in water clarity on the depth of sea-grass survival and for comparing values of K-0 collected at different times of day and in different seasons. RP MILLER, RL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,4710 EISENHOWER BLVD,B-5,TAMPA,FL 33634, USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD APR PY 1995 VL 40 IS 4 BP 359 EP 377 DI 10.1006/ecss.1995.0025 PG 19 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA QZ166 UT WOS:A1995QZ16600001 ER PT J AU MAYER, H AF MAYER, H TI FLEXURAL EXTENSION OF THE UPPER CONTINENTAL-CRUST IN COLLISIONAL FOREDEEPS SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Discussion C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. UNIV TUBINGEN,INST GEOL & PALAONTOL,TUBINGEN,GERMANY. RP MAYER, H (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,INST ARCTIC & ALPINE RES,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD APR PY 1995 VL 107 IS 4 BP 499 EP 501 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA QR845 UT WOS:A1995QR84500010 ER PT J AU BRADLEY, DC KIDD, WSF AF BRADLEY, DC KIDD, WSF TI FLEXURAL EXTENSION OF THE UPPER CONTINENTAL-CRUST IN COLLISIONAL FOREDEEPS - REPLY SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Letter C1 SUNY ALBANY,DEPT GEOL SCI,ALBANY,NY 12222. RP BRADLEY, DC (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,4200 UNIV DR,ANCHORAGE,AK 99508, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD APR PY 1995 VL 107 IS 4 BP 501 EP 501 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA QR845 UT WOS:A1995QR84500011 ER PT J AU FUIS, GS AF FUIS, GS TI SEISMIC IMAGES OF THE BROOKS RANGE, ARCTIC ALASKA, REVEAL CRUSTAL-SCALE DUPLEXING (VOL 23, PG 65, 1995) SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Correction, Addition RP FUIS, GS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD APR PY 1995 VL 23 IS 4 BP 381 EP 381 PG 1 WC Geology SC Geology GA QR847 UT WOS:A1995QR84700023 ER PT J AU SAVAGE, JC LISOWSKI, M AF SAVAGE, JC LISOWSKI, M TI CHANGES IN LONG-TERM EXTENSION RATES ASSOCIATED WITH THE MORGAN-HILL AND LOMA-PRIETA EARTHQUAKES IN CALIFORNIA SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Frequent measurements since mid-1981 of the distances from a geodetic monument located about 100 km south-southeast of San Francisco to three monuments 30 to 40 km distant provide an unusually complete record of the deformation before and after two nearby earthquakes, the 1984 Morgan Hill (M(L) = 6.2) and 1989 Loma Prieta (M(s) = 7.1) earthquakes. Except possibly for the first few months postseismic, the extension rates indicated by these measurements appear to be steady over the four or five years both preceding and following those earthquakes. However, the preseismic and postseismic rates differ significantly for at least one of the baselines measured for each earthquake. The data over the four to five year postseismic records available are not adequate to demonstrate whether the postseismic rates are relaxing back to the preseismic rates. RP SAVAGE, JC (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 1995 VL 22 IS 7 BP 759 EP 762 DI 10.1029/95GL00084 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA QR153 UT WOS:A1995QR15300005 ER PT J AU STANLEY, WD BLAKELY, RJ AF STANLEY, WD BLAKELY, RJ TI THE GEYSERS-CLEAR LAKE GEOTHERMAL AREA, CALIFORNIA - AN UPDATED GEOPHYSICAL PERSPECTIVE OF HEAT-SOURCES SO GEOTHERMICS LA English DT Article DE GEOPHYSICAL SURVEYS; MAGMA CHAMBER; HEAT SOURCES; CRUST; THE GEYSERS-CLEAR LAKE GEOTHERMAL AREA ID ANDREAS FAULT ZONE; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; COAST RANGES; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; IDEAL BODIES; GRAVITY-DATA; ROCKS; EVOLUTION; INVERSION; PRESSURE AB The Geysers-Clear Lake geothermal area encompasses a large dry-steam production area in The Geysers field and a documented high-temperature, high-pressure, water-dominated system in the area largely south of Clear Lake, which has not been developed. Both systems have been extensively studied with geophysical techniques, drilling, and geological mapping during the past 20 years. An updated view is presented of the geological/geophysical complexities of the crust in The Geysers-Clear Lake region in order to address key unanswered questions about the heat source and tectonics. Early geophysical interpretations used a gravity low centered in the area between Clear Lake and The Geysers to suggest that a large magma chamber existed at depths starting at about 7 km. This first-order assumption of a large magma chamber expressed in the gravity data was used as a guide in subsequent geophysical and geological interpretations. Drill-hole temperature evidence is strongly suggestive of a shallow, hot-intrusive body, but in this paper the complexities are documented of the geological and geophysical data sets that make it difficult to pinpoint the location of ''magma'' or hot, solidified intrusive material, Forward modeling, multidimensional inversions, and ideal body analysis of the gravity data, new electromagnetic sounding models, and arguments made from other geophysical data sets suggest that many of the geophysical anomalies have significant contributions from rock property and physical state variations in the upper 7 km and not from ''magma'' at greater depths. Regional tectonic and magmatic processes are analyzed to develop an updated scenario for pluton emplacement that differs substantially from earlier interpretations, In addition, a rationale is outlined for future exploration for geothermal resources in The Geysers-Clear Lake area. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP STANLEY, WD (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,MS964,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 90 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0375-6505 J9 GEOTHERMICS JI Geothermics PD APR PY 1995 VL 24 IS 2 BP 187 EP 221 DI 10.1016/0375-6505(94)00048-H PG 35 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA QX779 UT WOS:A1995QX77900003 ER PT J AU HOSTETLER, SW GIORGI, F AF HOSTETLER, SW GIORGI, F TI EFFECTS OF A 2-TIMES-CO2 CLIMATE ON 2 LARGE LAKE SYSTEMS - PYRAMID LAKE, NEVADA, AND YELLOWSTONE LAKE, WYOMING SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL CHANGES; THERMAL HABITAT; MODEL; SIMULATION; EVAPORATION; FISH AB The possible effects of trace-gas induced climatic changes on Pyramid and Yellowstone Lakes are assessed using a model of lake temperature. The model is driven by 3 1/2 years of hourly meteorological data obtained directly from the output of doubled-CO2 experiments (2 x CO2) conducted with a regional climate model nested in a general circulation model. The regional atmospheric model is the climate version of the National Center for Atmospheric Research/Pennsylvania State University mesoscale model, MM4. Average annual surface temperature of Pyramid Lake for the 2 X CO2 climate is 15.5 +/- 5.4 degrees C (+/- 1 sigma), 2.8 degrees C higher than the control. Annual overturn of the lake ceases as a result of these higher temperatures for the 2 x CO2 climate. Evaporation increases from 1400 mm yr(-1) in the control to 1595 mm yr(-1) in the 2 X CO2 simulation, but net water supplied to the Pyramid Lake basin increases from -6 mm yr(-1) in the control to +27 mm yr(-1) in the 2 x CO2 simulation due to increased precipitation. For the open water periods, the average annual surface temperature of Yellowstone Lake is 13.2 +/- 5.1 degrees C for the 2 x CO2 climate, a temperature 1.6 degrees C higher than the control. The annual duration of ice cover on the lake is 152 days in the 2 X CO2 simulation, a reduction of 44 days relative to the control, Warming of the lake for the 2 x CO2 climate is mostly confined to the near-surface. Simulated spring overturn for the 2 X CO2 climate occurs earlier in the year and fall overturn later than in the control. Evaporation increases from 544 mm yr(-1) to 600 mm yr(-1) in the 2 X CO2 simulation, but net water supplied to the Yellowstone Lake basin increases from +373 mm yr(-1) in the control to +619 mm yr(-1) due to increased precipitation. The effects of these climatic changes suggest possible deterioration of water quality and productivity in Pyramid Lake and possible enhancement of productivity in Yellowstone Lake. C1 NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,BOULDER,CO. RP HOSTETLER, SW (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,ERL-C,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97330, USA. RI Giorgi, Filippo/C-3169-2013 NR 31 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8181 J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE JI Glob. Planet. Change PD APR PY 1995 VL 10 IS 1-4 BP 43 EP 54 DI 10.1016/0921-8181(94)00019-A PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA QZ639 UT WOS:A1995QZ63900004 ER PT J AU DAVIS, PA TANAKA, KL GOLOMBEK, MP AF DAVIS, PA TANAKA, KL GOLOMBEK, MP TI TOPOGRAPHY OF CLOSED DEPRESSIONS, SCARPS, AND GRABENS IN THE NORTH THARSIS REGION OF MARS - IMPLICATIONS FOR SHALLOW CRUSTAL DISCONTINUITIES AND GRABEN FORMATION SO ICARUS LA English DT Article ID GROUND ICE; DIKE EMPLACEMENT; MARTIAN CRUST; RICH PLANET; ALBA-PATERA; RIFT ZONES; STABILITY; HISTORY; TERRAIN; ICELAND AB Using Viking Orbiter images, detailed photoclinometric profiles were obtained across 10 irregular depressions, 32 fretted fractures, 49 troughs and pits, 124 solitary scarps, and 370 simple grabens in the north Tharsis region of Mars. These data allow inferences to be made on the shallow crustal structure of this region. The frequency modes of measured scarp heights correspond with previous general thickness estimates of the heavily cratered and ridged plains units. The depths of the flat-floored irregular depressions (55-175 m), fretted fractures (85-890 m), and troughs and pits (60-1620 m) are also similar to scarp heights (thicknesses) of the geologic units in which these depressions occur, which suggests that the depths of these flat-floored features were controlled by erosional base levels created by lithologic contacts. Although the features have a similar age, both their depths and their observed local structural control increase in the order listed above, which suggests that the more advanced stages of associated fracturing facilitated the development of these depressions by increasing permeability. If a ground-ice zone is a factor in development of these features, as has been suggested, our observation that the depths of these features decrease with increasing latitude suggests that either the thickness of the ground-ice zone does not increase poleward or the depths of the depressions were controlled by the top of the ground-ice zone whose depth may decrease with latitude. Deeper discontinuities are inferred from fault-intersection depths of 370 simple grabens (assuming 60 degrees dipping faults that initiate at a mechanical discontinuity) in Tempe Terra and Alba Patera and from the depths of the large, flat-floored troughs in Tempe Terra. The frequency distributions of these fault-intersection and large trough depths show a concentration at 1.0-1.6 km depth, similar to data obtained for Syria, Sinai, and Lunae Plana. The consistency of these depth data over such a large region of western Mars suggests that a discontinuity or a process that transcends local and regional geology is responsible for the formation of these features. If this discontinuity is represented by the base of the cryosphere, its uniform depth over 55 degrees of latitude suggests that the cryosphere did not thicken poleward. Alternatively, the concentration of depths at 1.0-1.6 km may represent the upper level of noneruptive dike ascent (lateral dike propagation) of Mars, which is controlled by gravity and atmospheric pressure and magma and country-rock characteristics, and was probably controlled, in part, by ground ice. Fault-intersection depths in the north Tharsis region locally extend down to a depth of 5-7 km. The depth data between 2 and 3 km are attributed to the discontinuity at the interface of megaregolith and basement or to the upper limit of noneruptive dike ascent of magma with a high volatile content. Intersection depths greater than 3 km, which were found at Alba Patera, may be due to the megaregolith-basement discontinuity, which was buried and depressed by volcanic loading, or to the upper level of noneruptive dike ascent of magma with a low volatile content. The near absence of narrow simple grabens with fault-initiation depths less than 0.6-1.0 km in this study area, as well as in most of western Mars, suggests that this depth represents the minimum depth that normal faults can initiate; at shallower depths tension cracks or joints would form instead. This hypothesis is supported by the application of the Griffith failure criterion to this minimum depth of normal fault initiation, which suggests that shallow crustal materials have a tensile strength of 2-4 MPa throughout most of western Mars, in close agreement with previous estimates of tensile strength of martian basaltic rock. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 JET PROPULS LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. RP DAVIS, PA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,2255 N GEMINI DR,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001, USA. NR 75 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD APR PY 1995 VL 114 IS 2 BP 403 EP 422 DI 10.1006/icar.1995.1071 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA QU162 UT WOS:A1995QU16200015 ER PT J AU PAN, E AMADEI, B SAVAGE, WZ AF PAN, E AMADEI, B SAVAGE, WZ TI GRAVITATIONAL AND TECTONIC STRESSES IN ANISOTROPIC ROCK WITH IRREGULAR TOPOGRAPHY SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES & GEOMECHANICS ABSTRACTS LA English DT Article ID GRAVITY-INDUCED STRESSES; LONG SYMMETRIC RIDGES; FINITE ELASTIC SLOPES; EARTHS CRUST; STATE; VALLEYS; SURFACE; STRAIN; MASSES; TILT AB An analytical method is presented to predict stresses in rock masses with smooth and irregular topographies formed by the superposition of multiple long and symmetric ridges and valleys. The rock masses are subject to gravity, uniaxial tectonic horizontal compression or tension acting normal to the ridge and valley axis, or to combined gravitational and tectonic loadings. The method can be applied to ridges and valleys of realistic shape, in generally anisotropic, orthotropic, transversely isotropic, or nearly isotropic rock masses. Numerical examples are presented to show the nature of the in situ stress field in transversely isotropic rock masses with different symmetric and asymmetric topographies under gravitational loading, uniaxial tectonic horizontal loading, or combined gravitational and tectonic loading. Under gravity alone, it is shown that non-zero horizontal compressive stresses exceeding the vertical stress develop at and near ridge crests, and that horizontal tensile stresses develop under isolated valleys. Addition of a horizontal uniaxial compression to gravity increases slightly the horizontal compression at the crest of ridges and diminishes the horizontal tension in valley bottoms. Addition of the horizontal tectonic stress has little effect on the magnitude of the vertical stress. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. RP PAN, E (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. RI Pan, Ernian/F-4504-2011 OI Pan, Ernian/0000-0001-6640-7805 NR 31 TC 23 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0148-9062 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD APR PY 1995 VL 32 IS 3 BP 201 EP 214 DI 10.1016/0148-9062(94)00046-6 PG 14 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA QV478 UT WOS:A1995QV47800002 ER PT J AU RATHBUN, RE AF RATHBUN, RE TI ESTIMATING EMISSIONS OF 20 VOCS .1. SURFACE AERATION - DISCUSSION SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Discussion ID GAS-FILM COEFFICIENTS; VOLATILIZATION; WATER RP RATHBUN, RE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, 5293 WARD RD, ARVADA, CO 80002 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD APR PY 1995 VL 121 IS 4 BP 370 EP 372 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1995)121:4(370) PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QN681 UT WOS:A1995QN68100022 ER PT J AU POAG, CW COMMEAU, JA AF POAG, CW COMMEAU, JA TI PALEOCENE TO MIDDLE MIOCENE PLANKTIC FORAMINIFERA OF THE SOUTHWESTERN SALISBURY EMBAYMENT, VIRGINIA AND MARYLAND - BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, ALLOSTRATIGRAPHY, AND SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF FORAMINIFERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DRILLING PROJECT SITE-612; NEW-JERSEY TRANSECT; MODEL AB The Paleocene to Middle Miocene sedimentary fill of the southwestern Salisbury Embayment contains a fragmental depositional record, interrupted by numerous local diastems and regional unconformities. Using planktic foraminiferal biostratigraphy, we have identified fifteen unconformity-bounded depositional units, assigned to six formations and seven alloformations previously recognized in the embayment. The units correlate with second- and third-order sequences of the Exxon sequence stratigraphy model, and include transgressive and high-stand systems tracts. Alloformation, formation, and sequence boundaries are marked by abrupt, scoured, burrowed, erosional surfaces, which display lag deposits, biostratigraphic gaps, and intense reworking of microfossils above and below the boundaries. Paleocene deposits represent the upper parts of upper Paleocene Biochronozones P4 and P5, and rest unconformably on Cretaceous sedimentary beds of various ages (Maastrichtian to Albian). Lower Eocene deposits represent parts of Biochronozones P6 and P9. Middle Eocene strata represent mainly parts of Biochronozones P11, P12, and P14. Upper Eocene sediments include parts of Biochronozones P15, P16, and P17. Oligocene deposits encompass parts of Biochronozone P18-20 undifferentiated, P21a, and, perhaps, N4a. Lower Miocene deposits encompass parts of Biochronozones N4b to N7 undifferentiated. Middle Miocene strata represent mainly parts of Biochronozones NS, N9, and N10. Nine plates of scanning electron micrographs illustrate the principal planktic foraminifera used to establish the biostratigraphic framework. Two new informal formae of Praetenuitella praegemma Li, 1987, are introduced. RP POAG, CW (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 54 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU CUSHMAN FOUNDATION FORAMINIFERAL RES PI CAMBRIDGE PA MUSEUM COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY, DEPT INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY 26 OXFORD ST, HARVARD UNIV, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 SN 0096-1191 J9 J FORAMIN RES JI J. Foraminifer. Res. PD APR PY 1995 VL 25 IS 2 BP 134 EP 155 PG 22 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA QY354 UT WOS:A1995QY35400003 ER PT J AU CLAGUE, DA MOORE, JG DIXON, JE FRIESEN, WB AF CLAGUE, DA MOORE, JG DIXON, JE FRIESEN, WB TI PETROLOGY OF SUBMARINE LAVAS FROM KILAUEAS PUNA RIDGE, HAWAII SO JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY LA English DT Review DE SUBMARINE LAVAS; PETROLOGY; KILAUEA; HAWAII; MAGMA MIXING ID LA-FOURNAISE VOLCANO; PUU-OO ERUPTION; EAST RIFT-ZONE; MAJOR-ELEMENT; MAUNA-LOA; GABBROIC XENOLITHS; MAGMATIC PROCESSES; SILICATE LIQUIDS; BASALTIC MAGMAS; DEEP FRAMEWORK AB We have studied 30 quenched tholeiitic lava flows recovered by 20 dredge hauls and one submersible dive along Puna Ridge, the submarine part of the East Rift Zone of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. Glass grains from numerous additional flows were recovered in turbidite sands cored in the Hawaiian Trough. These quenched lavas document variable Primary magma compositions; olivine and multiphase crystallization and fractionation; degassing; wall-rock stoping and assimilation; mixing in the crustal reservoir and the rift zone; entrainment of olivine xenocrysts from a hot, ductile, olivine cumulate body; and disruption of gabbro wallrocks in the rift Zone. Glass grains in turbidite sands contain up to 15 . 0 wt% MgO, in contrast to <7 . 0 wt% MgO for the sampled glass rinds on lavas. The most forsteritic olivine phenocryst (Fo(90 . 7)) is in equilibrium with primary Kilauea liquid containing an average 16 . 5 wt% MgO, brit ranging from 13 . 4 to 18 . 4%. Lavas and glass grains have more restricted P2O5/K2O and TiO2/K2O than glass inclusions in olivine, because more diverse liquids trapped as glass inclusions are mixed and homogenized before eruption. Variable trace element compositions in glass grains and whole rocks indicate that the primary liquids by partial melting of mantle sources retaining clinopyroxene and garnet. Orthopyroxene xenocrysts formed at moderate pressures provide evidence for a sub-crustal staging Zone. Chromite and olivine crystallize in the crustal magma reservoir as the liquid cools from an average 1346 degrees C to similar to 1170 degrees C. Low viscosities of the primary liquids (0 . 4 Pa s) facilitate olivine settling, and the crystallized olivine forms an olivine cumulate body at the base of the reservoir. Olivine is deformed as the hat ductile dunite body flows down and away from the summit. This flow drives instability of the Hilina landslide on Kilauea. Dikes intrude the dunite, and map magma flowing through the dikes disaggregates and entrains olivine xenocrysts in Puna Ridge magmas. Primary liquids pond at or near the base of Kilauea's crustal reservoir because they are denser than more fractionated liquids that occupy the upper parts of the reservoir. The sulfur and water contents of glass rinds indicate that fractionated liquids near the top of the reservoir degas at low pressure, a process that increases their density and causes them to sink to levels where they mix with resident undegassed, near-primary liquid. The fractionated liquids near the top of the magma reservoir acquire excess Cl, owing to assimilation of hydrothermally altered roafrocks. Magma flowing into the rift Zone encounters and mixes with low-temperature, multiphase-fractionated melt. The mixed magmas typically contain rare orthopyroxene, plagioclase as sodic as andesine, olivine as fayalitic as Fo(75) and Fe-rich augite derived from the fractionated magma. Magma flowing through dikes also dislodged fragments of gabbroic wallrocks that occur as xenoliths. The interrelations in the Kilauean submarine lavas between host glass and glass inclusion compositions, volatile contents and mineral chemistry reveal an extraordinarily complex sequence of petrogenetic processes and events that are difficult or impossible to determine in subaerial Kilauea lavas because of crystallization, reequilibration and degassing during or after their eruption. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. CALTECH,DIV GEOL & PLANETARY SCI,PASADENA,CA 91125. RP CLAGUE, DA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,HAWAII VOLCANOES NATL PK,HAWAII NATL PK,HI 96718, USA. RI Dixon, Jacqueline/B-5340-2012 NR 122 TC 155 Z9 155 U1 0 U2 25 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0022-3530 J9 J PETROL JI J. Petrol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 36 IS 2 BP 299 EP 349 PG 51 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA RC458 UT WOS:A1995RC45800002 ER PT J AU BARNES, CG JOHNSON, K BARNES, MA PRESTVIK, T KISTLER, RW SUNDVOLL, B AF BARNES, CG JOHNSON, K BARNES, MA PRESTVIK, T KISTLER, RW SUNDVOLL, B TI THE GRAYBACK PLUTON - MAGMATISM IN A JURASSIC BACK-ARC ENVIRONMENT, KLAMATH MOUNTAINS, OREGON SO JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY LA English DT Article DE GRAYBACK PLUTON; KLAMATH MOUNTAINS; OREGON; BACK ARC; CRUSTAL CONTAMINATION ID WOOLEY CREEK BATHOLITH; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; OPHIOLITE; MIDDLE; CONSTRAINTS; HORNBLENDE; PETROLOGY; EVOLUTION; TONALITE; COMPLEX AB The Jurassic Grayback pluton was emplaced in a back-are setting behind a contemporaneous oceanic are. Th\alphae main stage of the pluton consists of an early, reversely zoned tonalite to gabbro that was intruded by synplutonic noritic and gabbroic magmas. Late-stage activity was characterized by intrusion of tonalitic and granitic dikes, many of which contain mafic enclaves and hybrid zones. Most mafic rocks in the pluton are calc-alkaline, with characteristic magnesian clinopyroxene, calcic cares in plagioclase, and elemental abundances similar to H2O-rich are basalts. However, some mafic rocks contain relatively Fe-rich clinopyroxene, lack calcic cores in plagioclase, and are compositionally similar to evolved high-alumina tholeiite. Compositional variation in the main stage can be modeled in part by fractional crystallization and crustal assimilation during which parental calc-alkaline basalt evolved to granitic compositions. Cumulates related to this process are represented by modally variable melagabbro and pyroxenite. Mixing of basaltic and tonalitic magmas accounts for the compositions of most main-stage intermediate rocks, but mixing of basaltic and granitic magmas was uncommon until late in the pluton's history. Oxygen, Sr and Nd isotopic data indicate that virtually all main-stage magmas in the pluton contain a crustal component. Isotopic and trace element data further suggest that late-stage tonalitic dikes represent melts derived from older, metavolcanic are crust. Deep crustal contamination of main-stage rocks took place below the level of emplacement, probably in a magma-rich zone where basalts ponded and mixed with crustal melts. The Grayback Pluton illustrates the diversity of Jurassic back-are magmatism in the Klamath province and demonstrates that ancient magmatism with arc-like features need not be situated in an are setting. C1 UNIV TRONDHEIM, NORWEGIAN INST TECHNOL, DEPT GEOL, N-7034 TRONDHEIM, NORWAY. US GEOL SURVEY, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. UNIV OSLO, MINERAL GEOL MUSEUM, N-0562 OSLO 5, NORWAY. RP BARNES, CG (reprint author), TEXAS TECH UNIV, DEPT GEOSCI, LUBBOCK, TX 79409 USA. NR 46 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-3530 EI 1460-2415 J9 J PETROL JI J. Petrol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 36 IS 2 BP 397 EP 415 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA RC458 UT WOS:A1995RC45800005 ER PT J AU SMITH, MR THOMAS, NJ HULSE, C AF SMITH, MR THOMAS, NJ HULSE, C TI APPLICATION OF BRAIN CHOLINESTERASE REACTIVATION TO DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN ORGANOPHOSPHORUS AND CARBAMATE PESTICIDE EXPOSURE IN WILD BIRDS SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Note DE AVIAN BRAIN CHOLINESTERASE; CARBAMATE; ORGANOPHOSPHATE; FAMPHUR; CARBOFURAN ID ORGANO-PHOSPHORUS; DIAGNOSIS AB Brain cholinesterase activity was measured to evaluate pesticide exposure in wild birds. Thermal reactivation of brain cholinesterase was used to differentiate between carbamate and organophosphorus pesticide exposure. Brain cholinesterase activity was compared with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry of stomach contents. Pesticides were identified and confirmed in 86 of 102 incidents of mortality from 29 states within the USA from 1986 through 1991. Thermal reactivation of cholinesterase activity was used to correctly predict carbamates in 22 incidents and organophosphates in 59 incidents. Agreement (P < 0.001) between predictions based on cholinesterase activities and GC/MS results was significant. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,NATL BIOL SERV,LAUREL,MD 20708. RP SMITH, MR (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL WILDLIFE HLTH RES CTR,NATL BIOL SERV,6006 SCHROEDER RD,MADISON,WI 53711, USA. NR 12 TC 27 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 1995 VL 31 IS 2 BP 263 EP 267 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA QU267 UT WOS:A1995QU26700024 PM 8583650 ER PT J AU FRANSON, JC PETERSEN, MR METEYER, CU SMITH, MR AF FRANSON, JC PETERSEN, MR METEYER, CU SMITH, MR TI LEAD-POISONING OF SPECTACLED EIDERS (SOMATERIA-FISCHERI) AND OF A COMMON EIDER (SOMATERIA-MOLLISSIMA) IN ALASKA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Note DE LEAD POISONING; ELDER; SOMATERIA FISCHERI; SOMATERIA MOLLISSIMA; ALASKA AB Lead poisoning was diagnosed in four spectacled elders (Somateria fischeri) and one common elder (Somateria mollissima) found dead or moribund at the Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska (USA) in 1992, 1993, and 1994. Ingested lead shot was found in the lower esophagus of one spectacled elder and in the gizzard of the common elder. Lead concentrations in the livers of the spectacled elders were 26 to 38 ppm wet weight, and 52 ppm wet weight in the liver of the common elder. A blood sample collected from one of the spectacled eiders before it was euthanized had a lead concentration of 8.5 ppm wet weight. This is the first known report of lead poisoning in the spectacled elder, recently listed as a threatened species by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. C1 US NATL BIOL SERV,ALASKA SCI CTR,ANCHORAGE,AK 99503. RP FRANSON, JC (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL WILDLIFE HLTH RES CTR,NATL BIOL SERV,6006 SCHROEDER RD,MADISON,WI 53711, USA. OI Franson, J/0000-0002-0251-4238 NR 17 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 1995 VL 31 IS 2 BP 268 EP 271 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA QU267 UT WOS:A1995QU26700025 PM 8583651 ER PT J AU BOWMAN, TD SCHEMPF, PF BERNATOWICZ, JA AF BOWMAN, TD SCHEMPF, PF BERNATOWICZ, JA TI BALD EAGLE SURVIVAL AND POPULATION-DYNAMICS IN ALASKA AFTER THE EXXON-VALDEZ OIL-SPILL SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ALASKA; BALD EAGLE; HALIAEETUS-LEUCOCEPHALUS; MORTALITY; OIL SPILL; POPULATION DYNAMICS; PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND; RADIO TELEMETRY; SURVIVAL ID RATES AB We investigated age-specific annual survival rates for 159 bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) radiotagged from 1989 to 1992 in Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska. We monitored radio-tagged eagles for less-than-or-equal-to 3 years beginning 4 months after the Exxon Valdez oil spill. There was no difference (P > 0.10) in survival rates between eagles radiotagged in oiled areas and eagles radiotagged in unoiled areas of PWS. Pooled annual survival rates were 71% for first-year eagles, 95% for subadults, and 88% for adult bald eagles. Most deaths occurred from March to May. We found no indication that survival of bald eagles radiotagged > 4 months after the oil spill in PWS was directly influenced by the spill and concluded that any effect of the spill on survival occurred before eagles were radiotagged. A deterministic life table model suggests that the PWS bald eagle population has an annual finite growth rate of 2%. Given the cumulative effects of direct mortality and reduced productivity caused by the oil spill, we predicted that the bald eagle population would return to its pre-spill size by 1992. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,JUNEAU,AK 99801. RP BOWMAN, TD (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,1011 E TUDOR RD,ANCHORAGE,AK 99503, USA. NR 27 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 1995 VL 59 IS 2 BP 317 EP 324 DI 10.2307/3808945 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA QT328 UT WOS:A1995QT32800015 ER PT J AU DREWIEN, RC BROWN, WM KENDALL, WL AF DREWIEN, RC BROWN, WM KENDALL, WL TI RECRUITMENT IN ROCKY-MOUNTAIN GREATER SANDHILL CRANES AND COMPARISON WITH OTHER CRANE POPULATIONS SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE AGE RATIO; ARIZONA; BROOD SIZE; COLORADO; GRUS-AMERICANA; GRUS-CANADENSIS; NEW-MEXICO; RECRUITMENT; SANDHILL CRANE; SURVIVAL; WHOOPING CRANE ID CONTINENTAL NORTH-AMERICA; PRODUCTIVITY; MIGRATION; FLORIDA AB The sandhill crane (Grus canadensis) has the lowest known recruitment (% juv in fall and winter) of any avian species hunted in North America. Long-term recruitment data provide insight into a population's productivity, ability to support harvest, and responses to management programs. During 1972-92, we annually collected age ratio (n = 191,968) and brood size (n = 12,239) data for greater sandhill cranes (G. c. tabida [greaters]) of the Rocky Mountain Population (RMP) at their migration stopover in the San Luis Valley, Colorado (fall), and at sites in New Mexico (winter) and southeastern Arizona (winter). We collected similar data (1987-92) for lesser sandhill cranes (G. c. canadensis [lessers]) from the Midcontinent Population (MCP) wintering in flocks mixed with RMP cranes, and for greaters of the Lower Colorado River Valley Population (LCRVP) wintering in western Arizona (1973-75 and 1989-92). Annual recruitment in the RMP averaged 8.1% (SE = 0.6) in fall and 8.0% (SE = 0.5) in winter over 21 years; mean brood size was 1.25 (SE = 0.02) in fall and 1.23 (SE = 0.02) in winter. In years with higher percent juveniles, more pairs fledged multiple young (P < 0.01); second and rarely third chicks in broods composed 20% of RMP recruitment. Recruitment and brood size had a downward trend (P < 0.01) over 21 years. During 1986-92, recruitment and brood size were below average (P < 0.01), apparently due to drought in breeding areas. We estimated survival rates of RMP cranes to be 0.95 during 1972-85, 0.94 during 1985-90, and 0.91 during 1990-92. Recruitment, survival estimates, and count data during 1985-92 suggest that the RMP is stable at 20,000-21,500 or declining slightly and cannot sustain increased harvest. Recruitment in MCP lessers averaged 11.2% (SE = 0.34) and mean brood size was 1.14 (SE = 0.02). Mean recruitment in LCRVP greaters was 4.8% (SE = 0.93), and mean brood size was 1.14 (SE = 0.028). Mean recruitment in most other North American crane populations was 5-14%. The whooping crane (G. americana) has the highest long-term (55 yr) recruitment (13.9%) of any North American crane population. Recruitment data alone cannot be used to estimate rate of increase and are difficult to interpret without additional demographic information. However, perennially low recruitment (less-than-or-equal-to 5-6%) approximates the lowest documented mortality rates in any North American crane population, and should be a cause for concern, particularly in hunted populations. Management of crane populations can be improved by annually gathering data on recruitment, population size, and hunter harvest, and by obtaining survival estimates from long-term studies. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,OFF MIGRATORY BIRD MANAGEMENT,LAUREL,MD 20708. RP DREWIEN, RC (reprint author), UNIV IDAHO,HORNOCKER WILDLIFE RES INSTOB 3246,MOSCOW,ID 83843, USA. NR 82 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 12 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 1995 VL 59 IS 2 BP 339 EP 356 DI 10.2307/3808948 PG 18 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA QT328 UT WOS:A1995QT32800018 ER PT J AU ROBB, JR BOOKHOUT, TA AF ROBB, JR BOOKHOUT, TA TI FACTORS INFLUENCING WOOD DUCK USE OF NATURAL CAVITIES SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE AIX-SPONSA; CAVITY; FOX SQUIRREL; INDIANA; NEST SUCCESS; PREDATION; PROCYON-LOTOR; RACCOON; SCIURUS-NIGER; WOOD DUCK ID NESTING BIRDS; EVOLUTION; SELECTION; DENSITY; SUCCESS; SITES AB The lack of suitable cavities is a primary limiting resource for wood ducks (Aix sponsa). We studied wood duck nest site selection, nest success, and use of cavities by other vertebrates at Muscatatuck National Wildlife Refuge (NWR), southcentral Indiana, in 1984-85. Of 789 surveyed tree cavities, 15% (122) were suitable for wood duck nesting. Minimum nest densities were 0.13 +/- 0.08 (SE) nest/ha in 1984 and 0.08 +/- 0.03 in 1985; 7-9% of the suitable cavities were used by wood ducks. Density of suitable cavities was higher (P < 0.001) in areas with mature or sawlog trees (1.69 +/- 0.22 cavities/ha) than in areas with smaller trees (0.31 +/- 0.11 cavity/ha). American beech (Fagus grandifolia), red maple (Acer rubrum), and American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) produced 72% of suitable cavities, but composed only 28% of the basal area. We estimated an annual survival probability of 0.91 for suitable cavities during the study. Cavities with vertically facing entrances were used in greater proportion than other cavity types (P = 0.006). Cavity volume, entrance area, and diameter of the bole at entrance were important in distinguishing cavities used by wood ducks (n = 21), fox squirrels (Sciurus niger; n = 29), and raccoon (Procyon lotor; n = 22) in 1985. Distance to nearest water in early spring was greater for successful nests (P = 0.017) than for unsuccessful nests, probably because of raccoon foraging behavior. Daily survival rate for nests was 0.963 +/- 0.01 and estimated nest success was 0.22. Wood duck production at Muscatatuck NWR was limited by raccoon predation and not by nest site availability. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,NATL BIOL SERV,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. RP ROBB, JR (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA. NR 39 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 1995 VL 59 IS 2 BP 372 EP 383 DI 10.2307/3808951 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA QT328 UT WOS:A1995QT32800021 ER PT J AU VANGEEN, A MCCORKLE, DC KLINKHAMMER, GP AF VANGEEN, A MCCORKLE, DC KLINKHAMMER, GP TI SENSITIVITY OF THE PHOSPHATE-CADMIUM-CARBON ISOTOPE RELATION IN THE OCEAN TO CADMIUM REMOVAL BY SUBOXIC SEDIMENTS SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SANTA-BARBARA-BASIN; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA BORDERLAND; NORTHEAST PACIFIC WATERS; CHEMICAL MASS-BALANCE; TRACE-METALS; BENTHIC FLUXES; MONICA BASIN; DIAGENESIS; SEA; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Reconstructions of past deep ocean nutrient concentrations rely largely on the carbon isotopic composition and cadmium content of shells of benthic foraminifera. When comparing records of these two paleonutrient tracers, a relation similar to the phosphate-cadmium-carbon isotope relation in the water column today is generally assumed. We present new water column, sediment, and pore water data from the California continental margin which demonstrate that Cd accumulation is enhanced in suboxic sediments. These results suggest that the oceanic Cd inventory is sensitive to changes in the areal extent and redox intensity of suboxic sediments and thus that the phosphate-cadmium relation in the ocean could have been different in the past. The magnitude of this effect and its evolution through time is presently hard to quantify because the oceanic Cd budget is poorly constrained. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,COLL OCEAN & ATMOSPHER SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA. RP VANGEEN, A (reprint author), COLUMBIA UNIV,LAMONT DOHERTY EARTH OBSERV,PALISADES,NY 10964, USA. NR 67 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0883-8305 J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY JI Paleoceanography PD APR PY 1995 VL 10 IS 2 BP 159 EP 169 DI 10.1029/94PA03352 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA RD382 UT WOS:A1995RD38200001 ER PT J AU CRONIN, TM HOLTZ, TR STEIN, R SPIELHAGEN, R FUTTERER, D WOLLENBURG, J AF CRONIN, TM HOLTZ, TR STEIN, R SPIELHAGEN, R FUTTERER, D WOLLENBURG, J TI LATE QUATERNARY PALEOCEANOGRAPHY OF THE EURASIAN BASIN, ARCTIC-OCEAN SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NORWEGIAN-GREENLAND SEA; NORTH-ATLANTIC; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; WATER CIRCULATION; FRAM STRAIT; DEEP; ICE; BIOSTRATIGRAPHY; DEGLACIATION; OUTFLOW AB We reconstructed late Quaternary deep (3000-4100 m) and intermediate depth (1000-2500 m) paleoceanographic history of the Eurasian Basin, Arctic Ocean from ostracode assemblages in cores from the Lomonosov Ridge, Gakkel Ridge, Yermak Plateau, Morris Jesup Rise, and Amundsen and Makarov Basins obtained during the 1991 Polarstern cruise. Modern assemblages on ridges and plateaus between 1000 and 1500 m are characterized by abundant, relatively species-rich benthic ostracode assemblages, in part, reflecting the influence of high organic productivity and inflowing Atlantic water. In contrast, deep Arctic Eurasian basin assemblages have low abundance and low diversity and are dominated by Krithe and Cytheropteron reflecting faunal exchange with the Greenland Sea via the Fram Strait. Major faunal changes occurred in the Arctic during the last glacial/interglacial transition and the Holocene. Low-abundance, low-diversity assemblages from the Lomonosov and Gakkel Ridges in the Eurasian Basin from the last glacial period have modern analogs in cold, low-salinity, low-nutrient Greenland Sea deep water; glacial assemblages from the deep Nansen and Amundsen Basins have modern analogs in the deep Canada Basin. During Termination 1 at intermediate depths, diversity and abundance increased coincident with increased biogenic sediment, reflecting increased organic productivity, reduced sea-ice, and enhanced inflowing North Atlantic water. During deglaciation deep Nansen Basin assemblages were similar to those living today in the deep Greenland Sea, perhaps reflecting deepwater exchange via the Fram Strait. In the central Arctic, early Holocene faunas indicate weaker North Atlantic water inflow at middepths immediately following Termination 1, about 8500-7000 year B.P., followed by a period of strong Canada Basin water overflow across the Lomonosov Ridge into the Morris Jesup Rise area and central Arctic Ocean. Modern perennial sea-ice cover evolved over the last 4000-5000 years. Late Quaternary faunal changes reflect benthic habitat changes most likely caused by changes in the import of cold, deepwater of Greenland Sea origin and warmer and middepth Atlantic water to the Eurasian Basin through the Fram Strait, and export of Arctic Ocean deepwater. C1 ALFRED WEGENER INST POLAR & MARINE RES,BREMERHAVEN,GERMANY. CHRISTIAN ALBRECHTS UNIV KIEL,GEOMAR RES CTR MARINE SCI,D-24148 KIEL,GERMANY. RP CRONIN, TM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 57 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0883-8305 J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY JI Paleoceanography PD APR PY 1995 VL 10 IS 2 BP 259 EP 281 DI 10.1029/94PA03149 PG 23 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA RD382 UT WOS:A1995RD38200007 ER PT J AU ASQUITH, A AF ASQUITH, A TI LOULUCORIS, A NEW GENUS, AND 2 NEW SPECIES OF ENDEMIC HAWAIIAN PLANT BUG (HETEROPTERA, MIRIDAE, ORTHOTYLINAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; MIRIDAE; PLANT BUG; HAWAII AB The new endemic Hawaiian orthotyline genus Loulucoris, is diagnosed and described to accommodate two new species: Loulucoris kidoi, the type species of the genus, associated with the fan palm, Pritchardia (Arecaceae), on the island of Hawai'i, and Loulucoris cinygmiscus from the island of O'ahu. RP ASQUITH, A (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PACIFIC ISL OFF,3 WATERFRONT PLAZA,500 ALA MOANA BLVD,SUITE 580,HONOLULU,HI 96813, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 1995 VL 97 IS 2 BP 241 EP 249 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RG402 UT WOS:A1995RG40200005 ER PT J AU SMITH, SD GOULD, RW ZAUGG, WS HARRELL, LW MAHNKEN, VW AF SMITH, SD GOULD, RW ZAUGG, WS HARRELL, LW MAHNKEN, VW TI PRERELEASE DISEASE TREATMENT WITH POTASSIUM-PERMANGANATE FOR FALL CHINOOK SALMON SMOLTS SO PROGRESSIVE FISH-CULTURIST LA English DT Article AB Standard potassium permanganate treatment (2 mg KMnO4/L freshwater for 1 h on three consecutive days) was applied to presmolts (parr) and smolts of fall chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Smoltification was determined by gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity. Treatments were conducted 73, 59, 45, 31, 16, and 2 d prior to full-strength seawater entry in aquaria. Potassium permanganate did not affect either growth or survival in seawater over 25 d. We observed a delayed rise in gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity in fish treated 16 d prior to seawater entry. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ANCHORAGE,AK 99503. NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW & ALASKA FISHERY SCI CTR,MANCHESTER FIELD STN,MANCHESTER,WA 98353. RP SMITH, SD (reprint author), NATL BIOL SERV,NW BIOL SCI CTR SEATTLE,COLUMBIA RIVER RES LAB,55014 COOK UNDERWOOD RD,COOK,WA 98605, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0033-0779 J9 PROG FISH CULT JI Progress. Fish-Cult. PD APR PY 1995 VL 57 IS 2 BP 102 EP 106 DI 10.1577/1548-8640(1995)057<0102:PDTWPP>2.3.CO;2 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA QR334 UT WOS:A1995QR33400002 ER PT J AU LEGAULT, CE ALOISI, DB AF LEGAULT, CE ALOISI, DB TI EFFICACY OF PACKED-COLUMN DESIGNS FOR REDUCING MORTALITY OF RAINBOW-TROUT EGGS AND FRY SO PROGRESSIVE FISH-CULTURIST LA English DT Note ID GAS AB An experiment was performed to determine the effect of open and closed packed columns on dissolved gas levels and on mortality of eggs and sac fry of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at Neosho National Fish Hatchery from March 9 to April 9, 1993. Two water treatments were tested: (1) treatment with a sealed column packed with 1-in Koch rings and oxygen injection, and (2) treatment with an open column packed with 1-in Koch rings. Untreated springwater was tested for comparison. Statistically, rainbow trout reared in untreated springwater had significantly higher mortality (P < 0.05) than trout reared in both packed column treatments; mortality did not differ significantly between column treatments. Total dissolved gas saturation in all three groups remained below 100% and did not influence mortality. Untreated springwater had the highest mean nitrogen saturation (103.5%), which may have contributed to egg and fry mortality. Water in the open packed column and in the sealed packed column with oxygen injection had higher mean oxygen saturations than untreated springwater, which may have been beneficial. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NEOSHO NATL FISH HATCHERY,NEOSHO,MO 64850. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0033-0779 J9 PROG FISH CULT JI Progress. Fish-Cult. PD APR PY 1995 VL 57 IS 2 BP 124 EP 127 DI 10.1577/1548-8640(1995)057<0124:EOPCDF>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA QR334 UT WOS:A1995QR33400006 ER PT J AU EITTREIM, SL COOPER, AK WANNESSON, J AF EITTREIM, SL COOPER, AK WANNESSON, J TI SEISMIC STRATIGRAPHIC EVIDENCE OF ICE-SHEET ADVANCES ON THE WILKES LAND MARGIN OF ANTARCTICA SO SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STREAM-B; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; SEA-LEVEL; BENEATH; AUSTRALIA; SEDIMENTS; BREAKUP; RECORD; SHELF AB The Wilkes Land continental shelf, similar to other Antarctic shelves, is underlain by thick sequences of steeply prograded glacial diamictons. On the outer shelf, banks that are shallower than 400 m are separated by broad outer-shelf troughs that deepen landward. The prograded sequences are found preferentially in these broad outer-shelf troughs. We propose that these outer-shelf prograding wedges were deposited by fallout from deforming till-layer transport beneath ice streams at times of ice expansion onto the continental shelf. Such deforming till-layer transport has recently been proposed to explain seismic observations beneath ice stream B of the Ross Embayment. Two prominent erosional unconformities with stratal truncations of more than 500 m indicate erosional events that overdeepened the shelf and provided the accommodation space to allow the deposition of these prograding sequences in front of advancing ice streams at times of past glacial maxima. The erosional events that produced these extraordinary downcuts were caused by erosion by ice that expanded onto a shelf with water depths far too shallow for flotation. These two particular erosional surfaces developed either on an initially shallow shelf, or from an extraordinarily high flux of ice, or both. C1 INST FRANCAIS PETR,F-92506 RUEIL MALMAISON,FRANCE. RP EITTREIM, SL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,BRANCH PACIFIC MARINE GEOL,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 50 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0037-0738 J9 SEDIMENT GEOL JI Sediment. Geol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 96 IS 1-2 BP 131 EP 156 DI 10.1016/0037-0738(94)00130-M PG 26 WC Geology SC Geology GA QT753 UT WOS:A1995QT75300007 ER PT J AU MCCRORY, PA AF MCCRORY, PA TI EVOLUTION OF A TRENCH-SLOPE BASIN WITHIN THE CASCADIA SUBDUCTION MARGIN - THE NEOGENE HUMBOLDT BASIN, CALIFORNIA SO SEDIMENTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; CONVERGENT MARGINS; FUCA PLATE; TECTONICS; DEFORMATION; ZONE; ACCRETION; SEDIMENTATION; INDONESIA; MIOCENE AB The Neogene Humboldt (Eel River) Basin is located along the north-eastern margin of the Pacific Ocean within the Cascadia subduction zone. This sedimentary basin originated near the base of the accretionary prism in post-Eocene time. Subduction processes since that time have elevated strata in the south-eastern portion of the basin above sea level. High-resolution chronostratigraphic data from the onshore portion of the Humboldt Basin enable correlation of time-equivalent lithofacies across the palaeomargin, reconstruction of slope-basin evolution, and preliminary delineation of climatic and tectonic influence on lithological variation. Emergent basin fill is divided into five lithofacies which clearly document shoaling of the inner trench slope from deep-water environments in early Miocene time to paralic environments in Pleistocene time. The oldest strata consist of hemipelagic mudstones and minor debris-flow breccias deposited in a deep-water setting during elevated sea level. These strata are overlain by glauconite-rich, fine-grained turbidites which heralded an increasing influx of terrigenous detritus. Water depths shoaled earlier in the eastern basin area as the palaeoshoreline prograded seaward. Turbidite deposition ceased in the eastern basin area at about 2.2 Ma, whereas 22 km to the west, turbidite deposition continued until about 1.8 Ma. Lithofacies at the western study site change abruptly across a middle Pleistocene unconformity from outer shelf to paralic deposits. In the east, a more complete Pleistocene section records transition from outer to inner shelf, beach and fluvial environments. The Humboldt Basin lithofacies sequence is overprinted by eustatic control of sediment source. Comparison of sediment character with palaeoceanographic conditions indicates dominance of hemipelagic facies during periods of elevated sea level in the middle Miocene and early Pliocene when depocentres were isolated from terrigenous sediment. Glauconite-rich facies were mobilized from an upper slope setting following these periods of elevated sea level and redeposited in a deep-marine environment. Pleistocene shoreline lithofacies display glacio-esutatic control of depositional environment by recording several cycles of nearshore to fluvial progressions. General models of accretionary prism behaviour and trench-slope basin evolution are compatible with the overall coarsening-upward lithofacies sequence filling the Humboldt Basin. Early structural barriers precluded deposition of terrigenous material except from locally derived debris flows; subsequent shoaling and burial of deactivated thrust-folds enabled turbidity flows to reach the basin floor. However, late-stage tectonism apparently controlled the onset of coarse-grained deposition in this sequence. Significant sand-rich turbidite deposition began in the middle Pliocene, synchronous with tectonic uplift of the southern basin margin. Conversely, cessation of turbidite deposition in the eastern basin area in latest Pliocene time was synchronous with growth of anticlinal structures which again blocked widespread dispersal of turbidity flows. This middle Pliocene to Holocene period of crustal shortening is synchronous with continued reduction in spreading rate along the southern Juan de Fuca ridge, and probably reflects partial coupling between the subducting lithosphere and the overlying accretionary prism. RP MCCRORY, PA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS 977,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 75 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0037-0746 J9 SEDIMENTOLOGY JI Sedimentology PD APR PY 1995 VL 42 IS 2 BP 223 EP 247 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3091.1995.tb02100.x PG 25 WC Geology SC Geology GA QR461 UT WOS:A1995QR46100002 ER PT J AU HARLAN, SS GEISSMAN, JW HENRY, CD ONSTOTT, TC AF HARLAN, SS GEISSMAN, JW HENRY, CD ONSTOTT, TC TI PALEOMAGNETISM AND AR-40/AR-39 GEOCHRONOLOGY OF GABBRO SILLS AT MARISCAL MOUNTAIN ANTICLINE, SOUTHERN BIG-BEND-NATIONAL-PARK, TEXAS - IMPLICATIONS FOR THE TIMING OF LARAMIDE TECTONISM AND VERTICAL AXIS ROTATIONS IN THE SOUTHERN CORDILLERAN OROGENIC BELT SO TECTONICS LA English DT Article ID FOLD TEST; NORTH-AMERICA; PIPE VESICLES; MONTANA; ORIGIN; BASIN; EDGE AB Mariscal Mountain anticline is a major Laramide asymmetric fold located along the frontal margin of the Cordilleran orogenic belt in the Trans-Pecos region of southwest Texas. Exposed within the limbs and nose of the anticline are concordant mafic and felsic intrusions whose emplacement, based largely on their arcuate outcrop geometry, has been interpreted to predate folding. Paleomagnetic fold tests on samples from large (greater than or equal to 30 m thick) and thin (less than or equal to 1 m thick) gabbro sills are negative at the 99% confidence level. Baked sandstones adjacent to the thick sill give sample directions identical to those of the gabbro, whereas sample directions from a site well removed from thermal effects of the gabbro are scattered. Results of the contact tests are consistent with a thermoremanent origin for the gabbro sill magnetization. The negative fold test indicates that sill intrusion at Mariscal Mountain anticline postdated Laramide folding. Two Ar-40/Ar-39 analyses of plagioclase from the gabbro give discordant age spectra but yield an inverse correlation age of 37.0 +/- 1.3 Ma (2 sigma). This date is similar to those from rocks of similar composition elsewhere in Trans-Pecos Texas, but significantly younger than whole rock and pyroxene K-Ar dates of Late Cretaceous and early Eocene age commonly cited for the Mariscal Mountain gabbro. The paleomagnetic and geochronologic data indicate that Laramide deformation had clearly ceased by late Eocene/early Oligocene time, consistent with absence of contractional deformation in middle Eocene to lower Oligocene volcanic and sedimentary rocks elsewhere in the region. Although paleomagnetic data from the gabbro sills may not adequately average secular variation, the in situ group mean direction (D = 348.6 degrees, I = 50.9 degrees, k = 65.1, alpha(95) = 4.3 degrees, n = 18 sites) is indistinguishable from expected mid-Tertiary reference directions. This indicates no evidence of significant vertical axis rotation in the Mariscal Mountain area. Analysis of paleomagnetic data from studies elsewhere in the Big Bend region indicates that significant problems exist with most data sets used to argue for the existence of local vertical axis rotations. Thus we conclude that existing paleomagnetic evidence regarding the timing and magnitude of rotations associated with Basin and Range extension is equivocal. C1 UNIV NEW MEXICO,DEPT EARTH & PLANETARY SCI,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. UNIV NEVADA,NEVADA BUR MINES & GEOL,RENO,NV 89557. PRINCETON UNIV,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS SCI,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. RP HARLAN, SS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,BOX 25046,MS 963,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 51 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0278-7407 J9 TECTONICS JI Tectonics PD APR PY 1995 VL 14 IS 2 BP 307 EP 321 DI 10.1029/94TC03089 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QV361 UT WOS:A1995QV36100007 ER PT J AU COKER, JE STELTENPOHL, MG ANDRESEN, A KUNK, MJ AF COKER, JE STELTENPOHL, MG ANDRESEN, A KUNK, MJ TI AN AR-40/AR-39 THERMOCHRONOLOGY OF THE OFOTEN-TROMS REGION - IMPLICATIONS FOR TERRANE AMALGAMATION AND EXTENSIONAL COLLAPSE OF THE NORTHERN SCANDINAVIAN CALEDONIDES SO TECTONICS LA English DT Article ID POSTCOLLISIONAL EXTENSION; STRUCTURAL EXPRESSIONS; TECTONIC SIGNIFICANCE; WESTERN NORWAY; TECTONOTHERMAL EVOLUTION; SOUTH NORWAY; EASTERN ALPS; NEW-ENGLAND; N-NORWAY; HISTORY AB Fifteen Ar-40/Ar-39 cooling ages are reported for metamorphic hornblende and muscovite from far traveled terranes constituting the Ofoten nappe stack of northern Norway. Eight cooling ages on hornblende range from 425 to 394 Ma and seven muscovite ages, from the same or nearby outcrops as the hornblendes, range from 400 to 373 Ma. These data are compared with Ar-40/Ar-39 ages from over a large part of the northern Caledonides to evaluate regional mineral cooling patterns. Results indicate that (1) Scandian (Silurian-Devonian) metamorphism was predominant; (2) most of the nappes investigated contain some vestige of pre-Scandian tectonism and/or metamorphism; (3) hornblende and muscovite cooling ages are progressively younger to the west and south, which suggests a hinged-to-the-east mineral cooling pattern; and (4) a late, out-of-sequence thrust is the only disruption of this cooling pattern. Synmetamorphic amalgamation of the nappes resulted from Scandian A type subduction. The hinged-to-the-east mineral cooling pattern implies isostatic adjustment and exhumation of the footwall of a west clipping, crustal-scale extensional fault, located somewhere west of the present Norwegian coast, during late synorogenic gravitational collapse. The late out-of-sequence fault formed contemporaneously with uplift in the hinterland, implying a kinematic and temporal connection with east directed contractional faulting in the foreland. C1 UNIV OSLO,DEPT GEOL,OSLO 3,NORWAY. US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. AUBURN UNIV,DEPT GEOL,AUBURN,AL 36849. NR 85 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0278-7407 J9 TECTONICS JI Tectonics PD APR PY 1995 VL 14 IS 2 BP 435 EP 447 DI 10.1029/94TC03091 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QV361 UT WOS:A1995QV36100015 ER PT J AU PARKER, M THOMPSON, JG REYNOLDS, RR SMITH, MD AF PARKER, M THOMPSON, JG REYNOLDS, RR SMITH, MD TI USE AND MISUSE OF COMPLEX-MODELS - EXAMPLES FROM WATER DEMAND MANAGEMENT SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE MODELS; MODELING; IWR-MAIN; MWD-MAIN; WATER FORECASTING SYSTEMS; WATER USE; WATER DEMAND AB The power of computers has increased in recent decades, and one might expect improved management to result because decisions can be made with understanding available only via models. However, there is potential for quite the opposite: poor decisions due to unrealistic model output generated by users without access to appropriate training in the use of models. We discuss and, by reference to water demand models (IWR-MAIN, MWD-MAIN), illustrate three areas in which unintended errors of judgment by untrained personnel may cause difficulty: Attributes of management models; if output from any type of model has no measure of confidence, then results may be over- or undervalued. Input data; with complex models, problems here typically will be difficult to detect. Calibration and history-matching (verification); if these steps or data are combined, then users should be less trustful of model output than otherwise. Because all models have weaknesses and because there always is uncertainty about output from any model, we end with suggestions for coping with complex models. Monitoring programs play a central role in such efforts because they can identify discrepancies between model predictions and actual events and because they can ensure time is available to develop solutions for problems unanticipated in the modeling effort. C1 UNIV WYOMING,DEPT GEOG & RECREAT,LARAMIE,WY 82071. US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092. RP PARKER, M (reprint author), UNIV WYOMING,DEPT ZOOL & PHYSIOL,LARAMIE,WY 82071, USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 22070-5528 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD APR PY 1995 VL 31 IS 2 BP 257 EP 263 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA QV112 UT WOS:A1995QV11200008 ER PT J AU GRAF, JB AF GRAF, JB TI MEASURED AND PREDICTED VELOCITY AND LONGITUDINAL DISPERSION AT STEADY AND UNSTEADY-FLOW, COLORADO RIVER, GLEN CANYON DAM TO LAKE MEAD SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE FLOW VELOCITY; LONGITUDINAL DISPERSION; STEADY FLOW; UNSTEADY FLOW; TRACERS; WATER POLICY REGULATION DECISION MAKING; GLEN CANYON DAM; COLORADO RIVER ID CHANNELS AB The effect of unsteadiness of dam releases on velocity and longitudinal dispersion of now was evaluated by injecting a fluorescent dye into the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam and sampling for dye concentration at selected sites downstream. Measurements of a 26-kilometer reach of Glen Canyon, just below Glen Canyon Dam, were made at nearly steady dam releases of 139, 425, and 651 cubic meters per second. Measurements of a 380-kilometer reach of Grand Canyon were made at steady releases of 425 cubic meters per second and at unsteady releases with a daily mean of about 425 cubic meters per second. In Glen Canyon, average flow velocity through the study reach increased directly with discharge, but dispersion was greatest at the lowest of the three flows measured. In Grand Canyon, average flow velocity varied slightly from subreach to subreach at both steady and unsteady flow but was not significantly different at steady and unsteady flow over the entire study reach. Also, longitudinal dispersion was not significantly different during steady and unsteady flow. Long tails on the time-concentration curves at a site, characteristic of most rivers but not predicted by the one-dimensional theory, were not found in this study. Absence of tails on the curves shows that, at the measured flows, the eddies that are characteristic of the Grand Canyon reach do not trap water for a significant length of time. Data from the measurements were used to calibrate a one-dimensional flow model and a solute-transport model. The combined set of calibrated flow and solute-transport models was then used to predict velocity and dispersion at potential dam-release patterns. RP GRAF, JB (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,375 S EUCLID AVE,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 26 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 22070-5528 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD APR PY 1995 VL 31 IS 2 BP 265 EP 281 PG 17 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA QV112 UT WOS:A1995QV11200009 ER PT J AU WINTER, TC ROSENBERRY, DO STURROCK, AM AF WINTER, TC ROSENBERRY, DO STURROCK, AM TI EVALUATION OF 11 EQUATIONS FOR DETERMINING EVAPORATION FOR A SMALL LAKE IN THE NORTH CENTRAL UNITED-STATES SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WILLIAMS-LAKE; SHALLOW LAKE; MINNESOTA; MODEL AB Eleven equations for calculating evaporation were compared with evaporation determined by the energy budget method for Williams Lake, Minnesota. Data were obtained from instruments on a raft, on land near the lake, and at a weather station 60 km south of the lake. The comparisons were based on monthly values for the open-water periods of 5 years, a total of 22 months. A modified DeBruin-Keijman, Priestley-Taylor, and a modified Penman equation resulted in monthly evaporation values that agreed most closely with energy budget values. To use these equations, net radiation, air temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity need to be measured near the lake. In addition, thermal surveys need to be made to determine change in heat stored in the lake. If data from distant climate stations are the only data available, and they include solar radiation, the Jensen-Haise and Makkink equations resulted in monthly evaporation values that agreed reasonably well with energy budget values. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,STENNIS SPACE CTR,MI. RP WINTER, TC (reprint author), DENVER FED CTR,US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,LAKEWOOD,CO 80225, USA. RI Rosenberry, Donald/C-2241-2013; OI Rosenberry, Donald/0000-0003-0681-5641 NR 23 TC 90 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR PY 1995 VL 31 IS 4 BP 983 EP 993 DI 10.1029/94WR02537 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA QQ320 UT WOS:A1995QQ32000018 ER PT J AU KENT, DB DAVIS, JA ANDERSON, LCD REA, BA AF KENT, DB DAVIS, JA ANDERSON, LCD REA, BA TI TRANSPORT OF CHROMIUM AND SELENIUM IN A PRISTINE SAND AND GRAVEL AQUIFER - ROLE OF ADSORPTION PROCESSES SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GRADIENT TRACER TEST; MODEL DEVELOPMENT; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; CAPE-COD; SURFACE; OXIDE; MASSACHUSETTS; OXIDATION; MOVEMENT; SOILS AB Field transport experiments were conducted in an oxic sand and gravel aquifer using Br (bromide ion), Cr (chromium, injected as Cr(VI)), Se (selenium, injected as Se(VI)), and other tracers. The aquifer has mildly acidic pH values and low concentrations of dissolved salts. Within analytical errors, all mobile Cr was present as Cr(VI). All mobile Se was probably present as Se(VI). Adsorption of Cr and Se onto aquifer sediments caused retardation of both tracers. Breakthrough curves for Cr and Se had extensive tails, which caused large decreases in their maximum concentrations relative to the nonreactive Br tracer after only 2.0 m of transport. A surface complexation model was applied to the results of laboratory studies of Cr(VI) adsorption on aquifer solids from the-site based on adsorption onto hydrous ferric oxide. The modeling results suggested that the dominant adsorbents in the aquifer solids have lower affinities for anion adsorption than pure hydrous ferric oxide. The steep rising limbs and extensive tails observed in most of the breakthrough curves are qualitatively consistent with the equilibrium surface complexation model; however, slow rates of adsorption and desorption may have contributed to these features. Variations during transport in the concentrations of Cr, Se, and other anions competing for adsorption sites likely gave rise to variations in the extent of adsorption. Adequate description of the observed retardation of Cr and Se would require a coupled transport-adsorption model that can account for these effects. Companion experiments in the mildly reducing zone of the aquifer (Kent et al., 1994) showed a loss of Cr mass, probably resulting from reduction to Cr(III), and little retardation of mobile Cr and Se during transport; this contrast illustrates the influence of aquifer chemistry on the transport of redox-sensitive solutes. C1 US GEOL SURVEY, DIV WATER RESOURCES, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. NR 41 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR PY 1995 VL 31 IS 4 BP 1041 EP 1050 DI 10.1029/94WR02981 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA QQ320 UT WOS:A1995QQ32000023 ER PT J AU BRADLEY, PM MCMAHON, PB CHAPELLE, FH AF BRADLEY, PM MCMAHON, PB CHAPELLE, FH TI EFFECTS OF CARBON AND NITRATE ON DENITRIFICATION IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF AN EFFLUENT-DOMINATED RIVER SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID STREAM; MICROSENSOR; OXYGEN; WATER AB Nitrogen and carbon limitation of denitrification in the bed sediments of an effluent-dominated stream were investigated by quantifying the effects of nitrate and glucose additions on the rate of sediment N2O production. Bed sediment samples were collected from a 30-km stretch of the South Platte River where up to 95% of the base flow discharge consists of effluent from a water treatment plant in Denver, Colorado. The rate of denitrification in upstream sediment samples incubated under in situ nitrate and carbon conditions was primarily limited by nitrate supply. The stimulatory effect of nitrate additions on the rate of bed sediment denitrification decreased with increasing distance downstream of the treatment plant. Approximately 35 km downstream of the treatment plant, denitrification in the bed sediment samples was carbon limited. The observed decreases in the concentration of total inorganic nitrogen (as NH4 + NO3) dissolved in the river and the organic carbon content of the bed sediments with increasing distance downstream of the treatment plant suggest that bed sediment denitrification is a significant sink for nitrogen in this stretch of the river. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,LAKEWOOD,CO 80225. RP BRADLEY, PM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,STEPHENSON CTR,DIV WATER RESOURCES,SUITE 129,720 GRACERN RD,COLUMBIA,SC 29210, USA. NR 18 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR PY 1995 VL 31 IS 4 BP 1063 EP 1068 DI 10.1029/94WR03351 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA QQ320 UT WOS:A1995QQ32000025 ER PT J AU HELM, RC AF HELM, RC TI MARINE MAMMALS AND THE EXXON-VALDEZ - LOUGHLIN,TR SO SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review RP HELM, RC (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PORTLAND,OR 97232, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC ADVAN SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1333 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 31 PY 1995 VL 267 IS 5206 BP 2013 EP 2014 DI 10.1126/science.267.5206.2013 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA QQ068 UT WOS:A1995QQ06800053 PM 17770115 ER PT J AU KARGEL, JS BAKER, VR BEGET, JE LOCKWOOD, JF PEWE, TL SHAW, JS STROM, RG AF KARGEL, JS BAKER, VR BEGET, JE LOCKWOOD, JF PEWE, TL SHAW, JS STROM, RG TI EVIDENCE OF ANCIENT CONTINENTAL-GLACIATION IN THE MARTIAN NORTHERN PLAINS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Review ID LAURENTIDE ICE-SHEET; GROUND ICE; GLACIOLACUSTRINE SEDIMENTATION; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; MARS; CANADA; MORAINES; DRUMLINS; ORIGIN; FLOODS AB Whorled ridges, spaced about 2-6 km and forming lobate patterns with lobe widths of about 150 km, occur at many locations in the northern plains of Mars, commonly in close association with sinuous troughs that contain medial ridges. These landforms resemble moraines, tunnel channels, and eskers found in terrestrial glacial terrains, such as the midcontinent of North America. Some Martian landscapes may have formed by disintegration of continental glaciers that covered much of the northern plains into the early Amazonian (i.e., late in Martian geologic history). Meltwater processes apparently were important in the collapse of these hypothesized ice sheets; hence, the glaciers apparently were wet based in part. Whereas striking similarities exist among areas of the northern plains and some glaciated Pleistocene terrains on Earth, there are also important differences; notably, drumlin fields, such as those in many glacial landscapes on Earth, are rare, absent, or not yet resolved in images of the Martian northern plains. Another major difference is that postglacial fluvial and other water-related modifications (especially erosion) of Pleistocene terrains are substantial, but similar modifications are not observed in the northern plains; a virtually complete and sudden decline in the activity of liquid surface water following glaciation in the northern plains seems to be implied. The climatic implications of the hypothesized Martian glaciers and their decline are unclear. We investigate two possibilities, alternatively involving a relatively warm paleoclimate and the modern Martian climate. The hypothesized ice sheets in the basins within the northern plains (generally at elevations lower than -1 km) suggest a relationship of these frozen bodies of water with former regional lakes or seas, which may have formed in response to huge discharges of water from Martian outflow channels. This possible relationship has been modeled. Glaciers may have evolved from seas by their progressive freezing and then grounding and sublimational redistribution of sea ice. The transition to glaciation may have taken several million years if the climate was very cold, comparable to today's, or tens of thousands of years if the climate was as warm as modern Antarctica. A glacierized sea may have involved an extended period of glaciolacustrine and ice shelf processes. C1 UNIV ALASKA,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775. UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT GEOSCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721. SAHUARO HIGH SCH,TUCSON,AZ. ARIZONA STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOL,TEMPE,AZ 85287. UNIV ALBERTA,DEPT GEOG,EDMONTON,AB T6G 2H4,CANADA. UNIV ARIZONA,LUNAR & PLANETARY LAB,TUCSON,AZ 85721. UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT PLANETARY SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP KARGEL, JS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,2255 N GEMINI DR,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001, USA. NR 105 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD MAR 25 PY 1995 VL 100 IS E3 BP 5351 EP 5368 DI 10.1029/94JE02447 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QN877 UT WOS:A1995QN87700012 ER PT J AU TANAKA, KL LEONARD, GJ AF TANAKA, KL LEONARD, GJ TI GEOLOGY AND LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION OF THE HELLAS REGION OF MARS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID GROUND ICE; MARTIAN HIGHLANDS; VOLCANIC GEOLOGY; DEPOSITS; BASIN; HISTORY; PATERA; CHANNELS; FEATURES; VALLEYS AB Hellas basin on Mars has been the site of volcanism, tectonism, and modification by fluvial, mass-wasting, and eolian processes over its more than 4-b.y. existence. Our detailed geologic mapping and related studies have resulted in the following new interpretations. The asymmetric distribution of highland massifs and other structures that define the uplifted basin rim suggest a formation of the basin by the impact of a low-angle bolide having a trajectory heading S60 degrees E. During the Late Noachian, the basin was infilled, perhaps by lava flows, that were sufficiently thick (>1 km) to produce wrinkle ridges on the fill material and extensional faulting along the west rim of the basin. At about the same time, deposits buried northern Malea Planum, which are interpreted to be pyroclastic flows from Amphitrites and Peneus Paterae on the basis of their degraded morphology, topography, and the application of a previous model for pyroclastic volcanism on Mars. Peneus forms a distinctive caldera structure that indicates eruption of massive volumes of magma, whereas Amphitrites is a less distinct circular feature surrounded by a broad, low, dissected shield that suggests generally smaller volume eruptions. During the Early Hesperian, a similar to 1- to 2-km-thick sequence of primarily fined-grained, eolian material was deposited on the floor of Hellas basin. Subsequently, the deposit was deeply eroded, except where armored by crater ejecta, and it retreated as much as 200-300 km along its western margin, leaving behind pedestal craters and knobby outliers of the deposit. Local debris flows within the deposit attest to concentrations of groundwater, perhaps in part brought in by outflow floods along the east rim of the basin. These floods may have deposited similar to 100-200 m of sediment, subduing wrinkle ridges in the eastern part of the basin floor. During the Late Hesperian and Amazonian, eolian mantles were emplaced on the basin rim and floor and surrounding highlands. Their subsequent erosion resulted in pitted and etched plains and crater fill, irregular mesas, and pedestal craters. Local evidence occurs for the possible former presence of ground ice or ice sheets similar to 100 km across; however, we disagree with a hypothesis that suggests that the entire south rim and much of the floor of Hellas have been glaciated. Orientations of dune fields and yardangs in lower parts of Hellas basin follow directions of the strongest winds predicted by a recently published general circulation model (GCM). Transient frost and dust splotches in the region are, by contrast, related to the GCM prediction for the season in which the images they appear in were taken. RP TANAKA, KL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,ASTROGEOL BRANCH,2255 N GEMINI DR,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001, USA. NR 63 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD MAR 25 PY 1995 VL 100 IS E3 BP 5407 EP 5432 DI 10.1029/94JE02804 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QN877 UT WOS:A1995QN87700016 ER PT J AU MOORE, JM CLOW, GD DAVIS, WL GULICK, VC JANKE, DR MCKAY, CP STOKER, CR ZENT, AP AF MOORE, JM CLOW, GD DAVIS, WL GULICK, VC JANKE, DR MCKAY, CP STOKER, CR ZENT, AP TI THE CIRCUM-CHRYSE REGION AS A POSSIBLE EXAMPLE OF A HYDROLOGIC-CYCLE ON MARS - GEOLOGIC OBSERVATIONS AND THEORETICAL EVALUATION SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID ICE; WATER; CHANNELS; SURFACE; BASINS; SNOW AB The transection and superposition relationships among channels, chaos, surface materials units, and other features in the circum-Chryse region of Mars were used to evaluate relative age relationships and evolution of flood events. Channels and chaos in contact (with one another) were treated as single discrete flood-canted systems. Some outflow channel systems form networks and are inferred to have been created by multiple flood events. Within some outflow channel networks, several separate individual channel systems can be traced to a specific chaos which acted as flood-source area to that specific flood channel. Individual flood-carved systems were related to widespread materials units or other surface features that served as stratigraphic horizons. Chryse outflow channels are inferred to have formed over most of the perceivable history of Mars. Outflow channels are inferred to become younger with increasing proximity to the Chryse basin. In addition, outflow channels closer to the basin show a greater diversity in age. The relationship of subsequent outflow channel sources to the sources of earlier floods is inferred to disfavor episodic flooding due to the progressive tapping of a juvenile nearsurface water supply. Instead, we propose the circum-Chryse region as a candidate site of past hydrological recycling. The discharge rates necessary to carve the circum-Chryse outflow channels would have inevitably formed temporary standing bodies of H2O on the Martian surface where the flood-waters stagnated and pooled (the Chryse basin is topographically enclosed). These observations and inferences have led us to formulate and evaluate two hypotheses: (1) large amounts of the sublimated H2O off the Chryse basin flood lakes precipitated (snowed) onto the flood-source highlands and this H2O was incorporated into the near surface, recharging the H2O sources, making possible subsequent deluges; and (2) ponded flood-water in Chryse basin drained back down an anti basinward dipping subsurface layer accessed along the southern edge of the lake, recharging the flood-source aquifers. H2O not redeposited in the flood-source region was largely lost to the hydrologic cycle. This loss progressively lowered the vitality of the cycle, probably by now killing it. Our numerical evaluations indicate that of the two hypotheses we formulated, the groundwater seep cycle seems by far the more viable. Optimally, similar to 3/4 of the original mass of an ice-covered cylindrical lake (albedo 0.5, 1 km deep, 100-km radius, draining along its rim for one quarter of its circumference into substrata with a permeability of 3000 darcies) can be modeled to have moved underground (on timescales of the order of 10(3) years) before the competing mechanisms of sublimation and freeze down choked off further water removal. Once underground, this water can travel distances equal to the separation between Chryse basin and flood-source sites in geologically short (similar to 10(6) year-scale) times. Conversely, we calculate that optimally only similar to 40% of the H2O carried from Chryse can condense at the highlands, and most of the precipitate would either collect at the base of the highlands/lowlands scarp or sublimate at rates greater than it would accumulate over the flood-source sites. Further observations from forthcoming missions may permit the determination of which mechanisms may have operated to recycle the Chryse flood-waters. C1 NASA,AMES RES CTR,INST SETI,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. ARIZONA STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOG,TEMPE,AZ 85287. US GEOL SURVEY,ASTROGEOL BRANCH,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NASA,AMES RES CTR,DIV SPACE SCI,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. RP MOORE, JM (reprint author), NASA,AMES RES CTR,CTR MARS EXPLORAT,MS 245-3,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035, USA. NR 49 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD MAR 25 PY 1995 VL 100 IS E3 BP 5433 EP 5447 DI 10.1029/94JE08205 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QN877 UT WOS:A1995QN87700017 PM 11539570 ER PT J AU AGAR, SM KLITGORD, KD AF AGAR, SM KLITGORD, KD TI A MECHANISM FOR DECOUPLING WITHIN THE OCEANIC LITHOSPHERE REVEALED IN THE TROODOS OPHIOLITE SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; EAST PACIFIC RISE; SOLEA-GRABEN; EXTENSIONAL TECTONICS; JOSEPHINE OPHIOLITE; SPREADING STRUCTURE; SEISMIC STRUCTURE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; CRUST; CYPRUS AB Contrasting kinematic histories recorded in the sheeted dykes and underlying plutonic rocks of the Troodos ophiolite provide a new perspective on the mechanical evolution of oceanic spreading centres. The kinematic framework of the decoupling zone that partitions deformation between the sheeted dykes and plutonics contrasts with low-angle detachment models for slow-spreading ridges based on continental-rift analogues. A model for the generation of multiple, horizontal decoupling horizons, linked by planar normal faults, demonstrates new possibilities for the kinematic and rheological significance of seismic reflectors in oceanic lithosphere. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP AGAR, SM (reprint author), NORTHWESTERN UNIV,EVANSTON,IL 60208, USA. NR 59 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA 4 LITTLE ESSEX STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND WC2R 3LF SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 16 PY 1995 VL 374 IS 6519 BP 232 EP 238 DI 10.1038/374232a0 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA QM387 UT WOS:A1995QM38700041 ER PT J AU FEIST, G YEOH, CG FITZPATRICK, MS SCHRECK, CB AF FEIST, G YEOH, CG FITZPATRICK, MS SCHRECK, CB TI THE PRODUCTION OF FUNCTIONAL SEX-REVERSED MALE RAINBOW-TROUT WITH 17-ALPHA-METHYLTESTOSTERONE AND 11-BETA-HYDROXYANDROSTENEDIONE SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE SEX REVERSAL; ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS; ANDROGENS ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; COHO SALMON; GONADAL DIFFERENTIATION; KISUTCH; FEMALE; CRYOPRESERVATION; FERTILIZATION; GAIRDNERI; ANDROGENS; ESTROGEN AB The sex of gynogenetic rainbow trout was reversed to produce XX males by using two steroids, 17 alpha-methyltestosterone (MT) and 11 beta-hydroxyandrostenedione (OHA). Fish were exposed to either single or multiple doses of steroids during various times around the period of hatching to determine the labile period for effective sex reversal, Steroids were administered either by immersion (400 mu g/1 for 2 h) or a combination of immersion plus feeding (3 mg/kg diet for 60 days) to determine if males with intact sperm ducts could be produced, Immersion in MT resulted in varying degrees of masculinization while immersion plus feeding produced nearly 100% male populations. The most effective period for steroid immersion was 1 week after the time when one-half of the fish had hatched. Multiple immersions in MT failed to increase masculinizing effects, Immersion in OHA caused only low rates of masculinization, while immersion plus feeding resulted in 70% male populations. Males produced through both immersion and feeding of MT generally did not develop sperm ducts; whereas animals treated by immersion alone in MT, or those produced with OHA, tended to be functional, Although final yields for sex-reversed males following gynogenesis were low, 1.5 and 1.6% for the two groups respectively, cryopreserved semen from these males can be used to produce all-female offspring for years, Cryopreserved semen from functional males in this study produced 100% female populations. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,OREGON COOPERAT FISHERY RES UNIT,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP FEIST, G (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,OREGON COOPERAT FISHERY RES UNIT,104 NASH HALL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. RI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/F-8310-2010 OI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/0000-0001-9688-184X NR 16 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD MAR 15 PY 1995 VL 131 IS 1-2 BP 145 EP 152 DI 10.1016/0044-8486(94)00336-M PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA QN196 UT WOS:A1995QN19600013 ER PT J AU HOUGH, SE DIETEL, C GLASSMOYER, G SEMBERA, E AF HOUGH, SE DIETEL, C GLASSMOYER, G SEMBERA, E TI ON THE VARIABILITY OF AFTERSHOCK GROUND MOTIONS IN THE SAN-FERNANDO VALLEY SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We analyze aftershocks of the 1/17/94 Mw6.7 Northridge earthquake recorded at a 3-element small-aperture array within the town of Northridge, above the mainshock rupture plane. Many of the M4-5 aftershocks are observed to have a prolonged shaking duration, up to (similar to)8 seconds, with conspicuous longer period (approximate to 1 s) arrivals in the latter part of the wave train. Recordings of a M4.0 aftershock that occurred at 23:49 GMT on 1/17 show the origin of these waves. A slant-stack cross-correlation method on each of the three components shows that the late arrivals are characterized by low apparent velocities and a back-azimuth that is approximately 10 degrees off that of the direct arrivals. Based on the inferred apparent velocities and consideration of studies in other sedimentary basins, we conclude that these later arrivals consist of surface waves generated within the San Fernando Valley. Similar results are obtained for a M3.4 event recorded across the array. The surface waves are not, however, a ubiquitous feature of the aftershock recordings. We show that other M(similar to)4 events recorded at the same site are characterized by simple displacement pulses and durations that are typical for their magnitude, suggesting that 3-dimensional site response may be difficult to predict in cases where the sources are close to a valley or basin and/or the basin structure is complex. RP HOUGH, SE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,PASADENA,CA 91106, USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 15 PY 1995 VL 22 IS 6 BP 727 EP 730 DI 10.1029/95GL00204 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA QN566 UT WOS:A1995QN56600017 ER PT J AU WERSHAW, RL LEENHEER, JA SPERLINE, RP SONG, YA NOLL, LA MELVIN, RL RIGATTI, GP AF WERSHAW, RL LEENHEER, JA SPERLINE, RP SONG, YA NOLL, LA MELVIN, RL RIGATTI, GP TI MECHANISM OF FORMATION OF HUMUS COATINGS ON MINERAL SURFACES .1. EVIDENCE FOR MULTIDENTATE BINDING OF ORGANIC-ACIDS FROM COMPOST LEACHATE ON ALUMINA SO COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS LA English DT Article DE ALUMINA; COMPOST LEACHATE; HUMUS COATINGS; MULTIDENTATE BINDING; ORGANIC ACIDS ID TOTAL REFLECTION SPECTROSCOPY; LIQUID INTERFACE; ADSORPTION; CALORIMETRY AB Measurements of the infrared linear dichroism of carboxylate groups of organic acids from compost leachate adsorbed to an alumina surface and the enthalpy of adsorption of this reaction have been made. The linear dichroism measurements indicated that the carboxylate groups are not free to rotate. This limited rotation probably results from bidentate binding of the carboxylate groups. The molar enthalpy of adsorption of the acids is approximately -100 kJ mol(-1). This high value for enthalpy of adsorption may best be explained by assuming that two or more carboxylate groups on a single dissolved organic carbon (DOC) molecule coordinate to the surficial aluminium ions. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT CHEM,STRATEG MET RECOVERY RES FACIL,TUCSON,AZ 85721. OKLAHOMA INC,NATL INST PETR & ENERGY RES,BDM,BARTLESVILLE,OK 74005. US GEOL SURVEY,HARTFORD,CT 06103. RP WERSHAW, RL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MAIL STOP 408,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 19 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-7757 J9 COLLOID SURFACE A JI Colloid Surf. A-Physicochem. Eng. Asp. PD MAR 10 PY 1995 VL 96 IS 1-2 BP 93 EP 104 DI 10.1016/0927-7757(94)03031-T PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA QN556 UT WOS:A1995QN55600007 ER PT J AU THATCHER, W AF THATCHER, W TI MICROPLATE VERSUS CONTINUUM DESCRIPTIONS OF ACTIVE TECTONIC DEFORMATION SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; VISCOUS SHEET MODEL; CONTINENTAL COLLISION; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; EASTERN CALIFORNIA; GLOBAL TECTONICS; EARTHQUAKE CYCLE; PLATE MOTION; SHEAR ZONE; HEAT-FLOW AB Whether deformation of continents is more accurately described by the motions of a few small rigid plates or by quasi-continuous flow has important implications for lithospheric dynamics, fault mechanics, and earthquake hazard assessment. Actively deforming regions of the western United States, central Asia, Japan, and New Zealand show features that argue for both styles of movement, but new observations are necessary to determine which is most appropriate:and at what scale the description applies. Geologic, geodetic, seismic, and paleomagnetic measurements tend to sample complementary aspects of the deformation field, so an integrated observation program can utilize the strengths of each method and overcome their separate spatial or temporal biases. Provided the total relative motion across each region is known and the distribution of active faults is well mapped, determination of fault slip rates can provide potentially decisive constraints. Reconnaissance geological studies supply useful slip rate estimates, but precise values depend upon detailed intensive investigation of individual sites. Geodetic survey measurements can determine the spatial pattern of contemporary movements and extract slip rate information, but the sometimes elusive effects of cyclic elastic strain buildup and relief must be accounted for in relating current movements to the long-term deformation pattern. Earthquake catalogs can be applied to determine seismic strain rates and relative velocities but must be averaged over large regions and are usually limited by the inadequate duration of historical;or instrumental seismicity catalogs. Paleomagnetic determinations of vertical axis rotations provide estimates of block rotation rates hut are often locally variable and averaged over many millions of years. Which of the two descriptions of continental tectonics is more nearly correct depends on the local rheological stratification of the lithosphere, especially the strength and thickness of the elastic crust relative to the ductile lithosphere, and dynamical models can provide contrasting forecasts of observable features with testable consequences. RP THATCHER, W (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, MS 977, 345 MIDDLEFIELD RD, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. NR 62 TC 75 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAR 10 PY 1995 VL 100 IS B3 BP 3885 EP 3894 DI 10.1029/94JB03064 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QM547 UT WOS:A1995QM54700010 ER PT J AU BEROZA, GC COLE, AT ELLSWORTH, WL AF BEROZA, GC COLE, AT ELLSWORTH, WL TI STABILITY OF CODA WAVE ATTENUATION DURING THE LOMA-PRIETA, CALIFORNIA, EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID TEMPORAL CHANGE; DOUBLETS; SCATTERING; SEISMICITY; MECHANISM; VELOCITY; Q-1 AB The Loma Prieta, California, earthquake occurred in a densely instrumented region with a history of microearthquake recording beginning more than a decade before the October 1989 mainshock. This affords an unprecedented opportunity to detect changes in seismic wave propagation in the Earth's crust associated with a major earthquake. In this study we use pairs of nearly identical earthquakes (doublets) to search for temporal changes of coda attenuation in the vicinity of the Loma Prieta earthquake. We analyze 21 earthquake doublets recorded from 1978 to 1991 that span the preseismic, coseismic, and postseismic intervals and measure the change in coda Q using a running window ratio of the doublet spectral amplitudes in three frequency bands from 2 to 15 Hz. This method provides an estimate of changes in coda Q that is insensitive to other factors that influence coda amplitudes. Our observations place an upper bound of about 5% on preseismic, coseismic, and postseismic changes of coda Q in the epicentral region of the Loma Prieta earthquake. Even at this low level, the changes are neither spatially coherent nor correlated between adjacent frequency bands. The only hint of a signal is in the preseismic data where there is a possible precursory increase in coda Q of approximately 5% in the two years before the mainshock. The stability of coda Q throughout the Loma Prieta sequence is in sharp contrast to other studies that have reported much larger precursory changes in coda Q for other earthquakes. C1 US GEOL SURVEY, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. RP BEROZA, GC (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV, DEPT GEOPHYS, STANFORD, CA 94305 USA. NR 28 TC 34 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAR 10 PY 1995 VL 100 IS B3 BP 3977 EP 3987 DI 10.1029/94JB02574 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QM547 UT WOS:A1995QM54700016 ER PT J AU CHIARABBA, C AMATO, A EVANS, JR AF CHIARABBA, C AMATO, A EVANS, JR TI VARIATIONS ON THE NEHT HIGH-RESOLUTION TOMOGRAPHY METHOD - A TEST OF TECHNIQUE AND RESULTS FOR MEDICINE-LAKE VOLCANO, NORTHERN CALIFORNIA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID COMPRESSIONAL WAVE VELOCITY; CASCADE RANGE; NORTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA; SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; NEWBERRY VOLCANO; ATTENUATION; INVERSION; LOCATIONS AB To test alternate analysis techniques and verify principal structural results of earlier work, we computed the three-dimensional compressional-wave velocity structure of the upper crust beneath Medicine Lake volcano and surrounding parts of northern California, using damped least squares ''local earthquake'' inversions. Our data are travel times from high-resolution (''NeHT'', after Nercessian, Him, and Tarantola (Nercessian, et al., 1984)) tomography experiments plus seismic refraction studies. This data set is inhomogeneous in ray density and ray orientation, though it is of nearly optimal homogeneity beneath the volcano itself. We used the damped least squares methods of Thurber and of Prothero, which differ in the way they trace rays. Both methods allow us to loosen the a priori constraints on raypaths implicit to a previous study done with the ''ACH'' (after Aki, Christofferson, and Husebye (Aki et al., 1977)) ''teleseismic'' inversion, and only the NeHT data set. We attempt to calculate the absolute value of the velocity, which is lost in the ACH approach, and to obtain more realistic raypaths. These gains are at the cost of solving a nonlinear problem with increased risk of missing the most realistic or the global-minimum solution. We first performed inversions of the densely sampled region beneath the volcano, using a heterogeneous starting model taken from refraction and gravity data. These starting models include the primary velocity anomaly beneath the volcano, a large shallow high-velocity lens. We also calculated a ''graded'' series of inversion models, progressing from a coarse grid of velocity nodes to it fine grid. The result at each ''graded'':inversion step becomes the starting model for the next finer step. This graded technique is sometimes recommended to assist discovery of the global-minimum solution, but it may not have succeeded in finding the most realistic model for our inhomogeneous data set. The results of inversions computed with the heterogeneous starting model are very similar to the published ACH results, but results of the graded inversion differ significantly. Though the graded model did reproduce first-order results df the ACH inversion, it differed in many important details and was sensitive to the method of raytracing. We are gratified by the first-order similarities between all models and the excellent agreement between the ACH and the results with the heterogeneous starting model, but doubt that the graded inversion method reliably recovers the best solution from inhomogeneous data sets. C1 US GEOL SURVEY, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. RP CHIARABBA, C (reprint author), IST NAZL GEOFIS, VIA VIGNA MURATA 605, I-00143 ROME, ITALY. RI AMATO, alessandro/E-8057-2011; chiarabba, claudio/G-4780-2011 OI AMATO, alessandro/0000-0002-9521-6570; chiarabba, claudio/0000-0002-8111-3466 NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAR 10 PY 1995 VL 100 IS B3 BP 4035 EP 4052 DI 10.1029/94JB02771 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QM547 UT WOS:A1995QM54700019 ER PT J AU AMBOS, EL MOONEY, WD FUIS, GS AF AMBOS, EL MOONEY, WD FUIS, GS TI SEISMIC-REFRACTION MEASUREMENTS WITHIN THE PENINSULAR TERRANE, SOUTH CENTRAL ALASKA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID COPPER RIVER BASIN; PRINCE-WILLIAM-TERRANE; CHUGACH MOUNTAINS; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; GREAT VALLEY; NORTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA; NORTHWARD DISPLACEMENT; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; FAULT SYSTEM; ISLAND-ARC AB We present an interpretation of crustal seismic refraction data from the Peninsular terrane, one of the many exotic terranes that have been accreted to the continental margin of southern Alaska in the past 200 m.y. A seismic refraction line was collected along the Glenn Highway in the Copper River Basin of south central Alaska in 1984 and 1985, as part of the U.S. Geological Survey Trans-Alaska Crustal Transect (TACT) program. P wave velocities of 2.7-3.5 km/s and thicknesses of 1-2 km characterize post-lower Jurassic sedimentary rocks that underlie most of the seismic refraction line. An average crustal velocity structure includes the following five velocity divisions. Beneath the sedimentary rocks lie 1-2 km of 4.0-4.6 km/s materials, correlating with andesitic volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks and lava flows of the Lower Jurassic Talkeetna Formation. Below these rocks, seismic velocity increases rapidly, from 5.0 to 6.1 km/s, in 2-3 km. At 7-8 km depth, velocity jumps to 6.3 km/s and increments to 6.6 km/s by 10-12 km depth. Velocities increase from 6.8 to 7.0 km/s between 12 to 20 km depth. At about 22 km depth, a jump in velocity from 7.0 to 7.4 km/s is inferred but is poorly resolved. Depth to the Moho discontinuity could not be determined from our data. The absence of clear PmP reflections may indicate that Moho is deeper than 40 km. Data from two offset shotpoints northeast of the line and within the Wrangellia terrane constrain the deep structure transition between Peninsular and Wrangellia terranes. The 6.3-6.6 km/s material thickens to the northeast, toward the suture between Peninsular and Wrangellia terranes, but southwest of its mapped trace at the West Fork fault. Peninsular terrane crustal structure appears dissimilar to that of continental interiors. It is similar to velocity structures determined for accreted island are fragments in California, such as the basement of the Great Valley and the Klamath Mountains. C1 US GEOL SURVEY, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. RP AMBOS, EL (reprint author), CALIF STATE UNIV LONG BEACH, DEPT GEOL SCI, 1250 BELLFLOWER BLVD, LONG BEACH, CA 90840 USA. OI Fuis, Gary/0000-0002-3078-1544 NR 83 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAR 10 PY 1995 VL 100 IS B3 BP 4079 EP 4095 DI 10.1029/94JB02621 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QM547 UT WOS:A1995QM54700022 ER PT J AU WEAVER, HA AHEARN, MF ARPIGNY, C BOICE, DC FELDMAN, PD LARSON, SM LAMY, P LEVY, DH MARSDEN, BG MEECH, KJ NOLL, KS SCOTTI, JV SEKANINA, Z SHOEMAKER, CS SHOEMAKER, EM SMITH, TE STERN, SA STORRS, AD TRAUGER, JT YEOMANS, DK ZELLNER, B AF WEAVER, HA AHEARN, MF ARPIGNY, C BOICE, DC FELDMAN, PD LARSON, SM LAMY, P LEVY, DH MARSDEN, BG MEECH, KJ NOLL, KS SCOTTI, JV SEKANINA, Z SHOEMAKER, CS SHOEMAKER, EM SMITH, TE STERN, SA STORRS, AD TRAUGER, JT YEOMANS, DK ZELLNER, B TI THE HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE (HST) OBSERVING CAMPAIGN ON COMET SHOEMAKER-LEVY-9 SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB The Hubble Space Telescope made systematic observations of the split comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 (SL9) (P designates a periodic comet) starting in July 1993 and continuing through mid-July 1994 when the fragments plunged into Jupiter's atmosphere. Deconvolutions of Wide Field Planetary Camera images indicate that the diameters of some fragments may have been as large as similar to 2 to 4 kilometers, assuming a geometric albedo of 4 percent, but significantly smaller values (that is, <1 kilometer) cannot be ruled out. Most of the fragments (or nuclei) were embedded in circularly symmetric inner comae from July 1993 until late June 1994, implying that there was continuous, but weak, cometary activity. At least a few nuclei fragmented into separate, condensed objects well after the breakup of the SL9 parent body, which argues against the hypothesis that the SL9 fragments were swarms of debris with no dominant, central bodies. Spectroscopic observations taken on 14 July 1994 showed an outburst in magnesium ion emission that was followed closely by a threefold increase in continuum emission, which may have been caused by the electrostatic charging and subsequent explosion of dust as the comet passed from interplanetary space into the jovian magnetosphere. No OH emission was detected, but the derived upper limit on the H2O production rate of similar to 10(27) molecules per second does not necessarily imply that the object was water-poor. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ASTRON,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. UNIV LIEGE,INST ASTROPHYS,B-4000 LIEGE,BELGIUM. SW RES INST,DIV 15,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78228. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. UNIV ARIZONA,LUNAR & PLANETARY LAB,TUCSON,AZ 85721. LAB ASTRON SPATIALE TRAVERSE SIPHON,F-13376 MARSEILLE 12,FRANCE. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. UNIV HAWAII,INST ASTRON,HONOLULU,HI 96822. JET PROPULS LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. NO ARIZONA UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86011. US GEOL SURVEY,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001. SW RES INST,DIV 15,BOULDER EXTENS OFF,BOULDER,CO 80302. GEORGIA SO UNIV,DEPT PHYS,STATESBORO,GA 30460. RP WEAVER, HA (reprint author), SPACE TELESCOPE SCI INST,BALTIMORE,MD 21218, USA. RI Noll, Keith/C-8447-2012; Weaver, Harold/D-9188-2016 NR 20 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC ADVAN SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1333 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 3 PY 1995 VL 267 IS 5202 BP 1282 EP 1288 DI 10.1126/science.7871424 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA QK068 UT WOS:A1995QK06800029 PM 7871424 ER PT J AU OWEN, S SEGALL, P FREYMUELLER, J MIKLIUS, A DENLINGER, R ARNADOTTIR, T SAKO, M BURGMANN, R AF OWEN, S SEGALL, P FREYMUELLER, J MIKLIUS, A DENLINGER, R ARNADOTTIR, T SAKO, M BURGMANN, R TI RAPID DEFORMATION OF THE SOUTH FLANK OF KILAUEA VOLCANO, HAWAII SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NOVEMBER 29; EARTHQUAKE; MODEL; MAGMA; KALAPANA; BENEATH AB The south flank of Kilauea Volcano has experienced two large [magnitude (M) 7.2 and M 6.1] earthquakes in the past two decades. Global Positioning System measurements conducted between 1990 and 1993 reveal seaward displacements of Kilauea's central south frank at rates of up to about 10 centimeters per year. In contrast, the northern side of the volcano and the distal ends of the south flank did not displace significantly. The observations can be explained by slip on a low-angle fault beneath the south flank combined with dilation deep within Kilauea's rift system, both at rates of at least 15 centimeters per year. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERV,VOLCANO,HI 96718. RP OWEN, S (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,DEPT GEOPHYS,STANFORD,CA 94305, USA. RI Arnadottir, Thora/C-7183-2013 OI Arnadottir, Thora/0000-0002-8275-8813 NR 49 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC ADVAN SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1333 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 3 PY 1995 VL 267 IS 5202 BP 1328 EP 1332 DI 10.1126/science.267.5202.1328 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA QK068 UT WOS:A1995QK06800039 PM 17812606 ER PT J AU LOVLEY, DR COATES, JD WOODWARD, JC PHILLIPS, EJP AF LOVLEY, DR COATES, JD WOODWARD, JC PHILLIPS, EJP TI BENZENE OXIDATION COUPLED TO SULFATE REDUCTION SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DENITRIFYING CONDITIONS; ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION; MICROBIAL-DEGRADATION; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; REDUCING CONDITIONS; AQUIFER COLUMNS; TOLUENE; BIODEGRADATION; IRON; BIOTRANSFORMATION AB Highly reduced sediments from San Diego Bay, Calif., that were incubated under strictly anaerobic conditions metabolized benzene within 55 days when they were exposed initially to 1 mu M benzene. The rate of benzene metabolism increased as benzene was added back to the benzene-adapted sediments, When a [C-14]benzene tracer was included with the benzene added to benzene adapted sediments, 92% of the added radioactivity was recovered as (CO2)-C-14. Molybdate, an inhibitor of sulfate reduction, inhibited benzene uptake and production of (CO2)-C-14 from [C-14]benzene. Benzene metabolism stopped when the sediments became sulfate depleted, and benzene uptake resumed when sulfate was added again, The stoichiometry of benzene uptake and sulfate reduction was consistent with the hypothesis that sulfate was the principal electron acceptor for benzene oxidation, Isotope trapping experiments performed with [C-14]benzene revealed that there was no production of such potential extracellular intermediates of benzene oxidation as phenol, benzoate, p-hydroxybenzoate, cyclohexane, catechol, and acetate, The results demonstrate that benzene can be oxidized in the absence of O-2, with sulfate serving as the electron acceptor, and suggest that some sulfate reducers are capable of completely oxidizing benzene to carbon dioxide without the production of extracellular intermediates, Although anaerobic benzene oxidation coupled to chelated Fe(III) has been documented previously, the study reported here provides the first example of a natural sediment compound that can serve as an electron acceptor for anaerobic benzene oxidation. RP LOVLEY, DR (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,430 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 34 TC 162 Z9 165 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 61 IS 3 BP 953 EP 958 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA QJ889 UT WOS:A1995QJ88900017 PM 16534979 ER PT J AU ZIELINSKI, RA ASHERBOLINDER, S MEIER, AL AF ZIELINSKI, RA ASHERBOLINDER, S MEIER, AL TI URANIFEROUS WATERS OF THE ARKANSAS RIVER VALLEY, COLORADO, USA - A FUNCTION OF GEOLOGY AND LAND-USE SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID STREAM-AQUIFER SYSTEM; URANIUM AB The effect of local geology and land-use practices on dissolved U was investigated by analysis of surface water and some springs in the Arkansas River valley of southeastern Colorado. Water samples were collected during a 2 week period in April, 1991. The rate of increase of U concentration with distance downriver increased markedly as the river flowed from predominantly undeveloped lands underlain by igneous and metamorphic rocks to agriculturally developed lands underlain by marine shale and limestone. An additional abrupt increase in dissolved U was observed along the section of river where discharge is often greatly reduced because of extensive diversions for irrigation and where remaining flow is largely composed of irrigation return water. Dissolved U in this last section of river and in most of its tributaries exceeded the proposed U.S. drinking water standard of 20 mu g/L. Tn water samples collected from agricultural areas dissolved U showed strong positive correlation with major dissolved constituents Na, Ca, Mg, and SO4 that increase as a result of sulfate mineral dissolution and clay mineral ion-exchange reactions in weathered shale bedrock and shaley soils. Highly soluble minor and trace elements Cl, Li, B, Sr, and Se that are not subject to strong sorptive uptake or precipitation in this setting also correlated positively with U. These combined observations indicate that natural leaching of U-bearing shale bedrock and derivative soils, additional leaching of rock and soil by irrigation water, and evaporative concentration in a semi-arid climate can produce concentrations of dissolved U in surface water and shallow ground water that may threaten nearby drinking water supplies. Other agriculturally developed areas of the semi-arid Western U.S. with similar geology are likely to contain high concentrations of U in irrigation drain water. RP ZIELINSKI, RA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 10 IS 2 BP 133 EP 144 DI 10.1016/0883-2927(95)00002-2 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QN690 UT WOS:A1995QN69000002 ER PT J AU KUNZ, TH DIAZ, CA AF KUNZ, TH DIAZ, CA TI FOLIVORY IN FRUIT-EATING BATS, WITH NEW EVIDENCE FROM ARTIBEUS-JAMAICENSIS (CHIROPTERA, PHYLLOSTOMIDAE) SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE ARTIBEUS JAMAICENSIS; ERYTHRINA POEPPIGIANA; FOLIVORY; LEAF FRACTIONATION; MEGACHIROPTERA; MICROCHIROPTERA; PHYLLESTOMIDAE; PROTEIN ID FOOD SELECTION; DIGESTIVE STRATEGIES; SOCIAL-ORGANIZATION; PLANT-SAMPLES; MEGACHIROPTERA; HERBIVORES; NITROGEN; DIGESTIBILITY; PTEROPODIDAE; CHEMISTRY AB We review reports of leaf-eating by bats and present new evidence for folivory by leaf fractionation for the neotropical bat Artibeus jamaicensis (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae). Leaf-earing has been reported for at least 17 species of Old-World Megachiroptera and four species of New World Microchiroptera. Leaves eaten by bats include at least 44 species of plants represented by 23 different families. Plane families which account for the greatest species richness (numbers of species given in parentheses) include the Leguminosae (12), Moraceae (4), and Solanaceae (4). Evidence for folivory by A. jamaicensis is based on captures of bats carrying leaves, and collections of whole and partially chewed leaves and discarded pellets recovered from beneath feeding roosts. Whole leaves carried into caves by A. jamaicensis and partially chewed, but discarded leaves included Erythrina poeppigiana, Ficus sp., and Calophyllum calaba, in decreasing order of frequency. Bats captured while carrying Erythrina leaves were most often mature males. Erythrina poeppigiana leaves are relatively high in protein (>19% dry-matter content) and low in fat (similar to 1%). Our observations char A. jamaicensis selects and chews leaves high in protein and rejects protein-poor, fibrous pellets, support the hypothesis that these bats extract liquid fractions which contain a reliable source of dietary protein. Although we have no direct evidence that male or female A. jamaicensis transport leaves to feeding roosts located outside of caves, we suggest that liquid fractions derived from leaves may provide females with an important source of protein, especially during periods of pregnancy and lactation. Folivory, once thought to be rare among plant-visiting bats, may in fact be quite common and widespread, especially among species that feed largely on fruits which are low in protein. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,CARIBBEAN FIELD OFF,BOQUERON,PR 00622. RP KUNZ, TH (reprint author), BOSTON UNIV,DEPT BIOL,5 CUMMINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02215, USA. NR 97 TC 72 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASSN TROP BIOL PI ST LOUIS PA MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN 2345 TOWER GROVE AVE, ST LOUIS, MO 63110 SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD MAR PY 1995 VL 27 IS 1 BP 106 EP 120 DI 10.2307/2388908 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QT584 UT WOS:A1995QT58400012 ER PT J AU HINKLEY, TK QUICK, JE GREGORY, RT GERLACH, TM AF HINKLEY, TK QUICK, JE GREGORY, RT GERLACH, TM TI HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS OF WATERS FROM FUMAROLES AT KILAUEA SUMMIT, HAWAII SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS; FUMAROLES; KILAUEA, HAWAII ID CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARIES; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; MAGMATIC VOLATILES; VULCANO-ISLAND; VOLCANO; CHEMISTRY; SEAWATER; HISTORY; ORIGIN AB Condensate samples were collected in 1992 from a high-temperature (300 degrees C) fumarole on the floor of the Halemaumau Pit Crater at Kilauea. The emergence about two years earlier of such a hot fumarole was unprecedented at such a central location at Kilauea. The condensates have hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions which indicate that the waters emitted by the fumarole are composed largely of meteoric water, that any magmatic water component must be minor, and that the precipitation that was the original source to the fumarole fell on a recharge area on the slopes of Mauna Loa Volcano to the west. However, the fumarole has no tritium, indicating that it taps a source of water that has been isolated from atmospheric water for at least 40 years. It is noteworthy, considering the unstable tectonic environment and abundant local rainfall of the Kilauea and Mauna Loa regions, that waters which are sources to the hot fumarole remain uncontaminated from atmospheric sources over such long times and long transport distances. As for the common, boiling point fumaroles of the Kilauea summit region, their O-18, D and tritium concentrations indicate that they are dominated by recycling of present day meteoric water. Though the waters of both hot and boiling point fumaroles have dominantly meteoric sources, they seem to be from separate hydrological regimes. Large concentrations of halogens and sulfur species in the condensates, together with the location at the center of the Kilauea summit region and the high temperature, initially suggested that much of the total mass of the emissions of the hot fumarole, including the H2O, might have come directly from a magma body. The results of the present study indicate that it is unreliable to infer a magmatic origin of volcanic waters based solely on halogen or sulfur contents, or other aspects of chemical composition of total condensates. C1 SO METHODIST UNIV,DEPT GEOL SCI,DALLAS,TX 75275. US GEOL SURVEY,CASCADES VOLANO OBSERV,VANCOUVER,WA 98661. RP HINKLEY, TK (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS 903,BOX 25046 FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 49 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 57 IS 1 BP 44 EP 51 DI 10.1007/BF00298706 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA RB634 UT WOS:A1995RB63400004 ER PT J AU CAPEL, PD LARSON, SJ AF CAPEL, PD LARSON, SJ TI A CHEMODYNAMIC APPROACH FOR ESTIMATING LOSSES OF TARGET ORGANIC-CHEMICALS FROM WATER DURING SAMPLE HOLDING TIME SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE ORGANIC CHEMICALS; WATER SAMPLING; PRESERVATION; CHEMODYNAMICS ID AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; LAKE-SUPERIOR; PESTICIDES; DISTRIBUTIONS; EXTRACTION; TRANSPORT; ESTUARY; RIVER; CHROMATOGRAPHY; CONTAMINANTS AB Minimizing the loss of target organic chemicals from environmental water samples between the time of sample collection and isolation is important to the integrity of an investigation. During this sample holding time, there is a potential for analyte loss through volatilization from the water to the headspace, sorption to the walls and cap of the sample bottle; and transformation through biotic and/or abiotic reactions. This paper presents a chemodynamic-based, generalized approach to estimate the most probable loss processes for individual target The basic premise is that the investigator must know which loss process(es) are important for a particular analyte, based on its chemodynamic properties, when choosing the appropriate method(s) to prevent loss. RP CAPEL, PD (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,GRAY FRESHWATER BIOL INST,US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,NAVARRE,MN 55392, USA. NR 51 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD MAR PY 1995 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1097 EP 1107 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(94)00004-E PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QQ196 UT WOS:A1995QQ19600008 ER PT J AU MILLER, LD GOLDFARB, RJ SNEE, LW GENT, CA KIRKHAM, RA AF MILLER, LD GOLDFARB, RJ SNEE, LW GENT, CA KIRKHAM, RA TI STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY, AGE, AND MECHANISMS OF GOLD VEIN FORMATION AT THE KENSINGTON AND JUALIN DEPOSITS, BERNERS BAY DISTRICT, SOUTHEAST ALASKA SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Article ID WESTERN METAMORPHIC BELT; ABITIBI GREENSTONE-BELT; COAST MOUNTAINS; HYDROGEN ISOTOPE; HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION; CANADIAN CORDILLERA; SULFUR ISOTOPE; CAPE FANSHAW; ROCKS; SYSTEM AB The Berners Bay district at the north end of the Juneau gold belt, southeast Alaska, contains a series of structurally controlled mesothermal gold-bearing quartz veins. The 106 Ma Jualin Diorite, which intrudes metabasalt of the Wrangellia terrane, hosts most of the >2 Mot of gold resources. Wrangellia is one of a sequence of lithotectonic terranes that were accreted along the western margin of the Coast Mountains during Cretaceous time. Following a period of mid-Cretaceous deformation, igneous activity, and regional metamorphism, a belt of tonalite bodies 5 km east of the district were intruded at 71 to 61 Ma. Eocene granodioritic bodies of the Coast Mountains batholith were emplaced at shallow levels 10 km east of the district, coevally with gold vein emplacement. Ar-40/Ar-39 age spectra for hydrothermal sericite from variably oriented structures in the Berners Bay district indicate that hydrothermal activity occurred between 56.5 and 53.2 Ma. Gold occurs in quartz carbonate veins containing pyrite and tellurides and with distinctive ankeritic alteration zones. Gold-bearing veins were deposited at temperatures of about 200 degrees to 235 degrees C and a depth of 3 km. The ore fluids were composed of 93 to 97 mole percent H2O, 2 to 5 mole percent CO2, 1 to 2 mole percent NaCl, <0.5 mole percent N-2, and traces of CH4, H2S, and SO2. Isotopic study of silicate gangue indicates a delta(18)O(fluid) value of 6 per mil and a delta D-fluid value of approximately -25 per mil. These data suggest that prograde devolatilization reactions in rocks of the Wrangellia terrane, perhaps triggered by heat from magmatic-arc emplacement, are the most likely fluid source. Measured delta(34)S values of -2.5 to +1.6 per mil for sulfide minerals are consistent with ore-fluid sulfur being leached either from metabasalt of the Wrangellia terrane or from the Jualin Diorite. Structural elements important for ore control include premineralization, chlorite-bearing shear zones that strike northwest and dip steeply northeast and southwest. Heterogeneous blocks of homogeneous diorite bounded by chloritic shear zones were favorable locations for gold-bearing vein formation. Most of the vein deposits are controlled by north- to northwest-striking and steeply east-dipping shear zones. Two types of mutually crosscutting auriferous quartz veins are present. The first type is shear-hosted discrete veins that strike northwest and dip moderately to the northeast. A second set strikes within 20 degrees of east and dips subvertically. Discrete veins are massive and range in width from 10 cm to >1 m. A second vein type, referred to as network veins, contains most of the gold reserves in the district and are generally hosted by tension fractures. Three sets of auriferous network veins strike to the north and dip moderately to shallowly east and west. Individual veins range from 1 to 20 cm in width, within an intricate vein array averaging 13 m in width. A fourth set of barren, ankerite-rich network veins occupies brittle faults that strike northeast. Analysis of the pre-, syn-, and postmineralization structures reveals that a similar deformation regime, with minor changes of the principal stress axes, persisted throughout the 3 to 3.5 m.y. veining event. Pre- and postore structures are compatible with subhorizontal, northeast-southwest contraction and subvertical extension. Discrete and network veins developed in a regime defined by a shallowly west-southwest-plunging axis of compression and a moderate northwest- to steeply southeast-plunging axis of extension. Changes in the style and geometries of the pre-, syn-, and postmineralization structures are compatible with fluctuations in the far-field stress regime and changes in fluid pressure. Structural and geochronological data indicate that cyclic fluid migration and transient fracture permeability occurred due to fault-valve behavior and resulted in gold-bearing vein formation, Mineralization was temporally associated with regional exhumation, plutonism, and changes in plate motions. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT GEOSCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. RP MILLER, LD (reprint author), ECHO BAY ALASKA,3100 CHANNEL DR,JUNEAU,AK 99801, USA. RI Rohlf, F/A-8710-2008 NR 74 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI EL PASO PA UNIV TEXAS AT EL PASO ROOM 202 QUINN HALL, EL PASO, TX 79968 SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD MAR-APR PY 1995 VL 90 IS 2 BP 343 EP 368 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA RD034 UT WOS:A1995RD03400009 ER PT J AU BREIT, GN AF BREIT, GN TI ORIGIN OF CLAY-MINERALS ASSOCIATED WITH V-U DEPOSITS IN THE ENTRADA SANDSTONE, PLACERVILLE MINING DISTRICT, SOUTHWESTERN COLORADO SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Article ID MORPHOLOGICAL EVIDENCE; HENRY BASIN; NEW-MEXICO; ILLITE; DIAGENESIS; SMECTITE; GENESIS; PLATEAU; BEARING; FIELD AB The relative timing of ore metal accumulation and clay formation in sandstone-hosted vanadium-uranium (V-U) deposits is poorly known. The relation between these two processes was investigated by comparison of the mineralogy, chemical composition, petrography, and Rb-Sr ages of clays in barren and ore-bearing sandstones from the Middle Jurassic Entrada Sandstone. The only clay detected in all samples was illite that is aluminous, a 1M polytype, and contains variable but low amounts of interlayered smectite (<15%). Barren sandstone typically contains <7 percent illite that includes detrital clay and authigenic fibrous and ribbonlike overgrowths. Within the V-U layers, the only clay is authigenic, vanadiferous (>1 wt % V2O3) illite (roscoelite), which forms ribbons and plates that locally constitute as much as 70 percent of the rock. Rb-Sr data failed to produce a usable isochron presumably because of heterogeneity in the initial Sr-87/Sr-86. Calculated model ages for barren and vanadium-rich illites are similar and most values range from 30 to 45 Ma. An episode of illitization that altered preexisting V-U deposits produced the similar characteristics of illite in barren and ore samples. Geochemical constraints support accumulation of vanadium prior to the Late Cretaceous, when the Entrada Sandstone was buried by less than 300 m of overlying sediments. Organic compounds or H2S reduced chromium, uranium, and vanadium dissolved in ground water and precipitated them as oxides or precursor clay minerals. Later, during the Tertiary, illite formed by reaction between epigenetic solutions at approximately 100 degrees C, and solid constituents of the Entrada Sandstone. The unusually large abundance of illite in ore relative to barren sandstone is consistent with recrystallization of precursor clay minerals or enhanced illite precipitation because of a high dissolved vanadium activity. Based on this interpretation, genetic models of V-U deposits should not assume that ore clays formed coeval with metal accumulation. RP BREIT, GN (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,POB 25046,MAIL STOP 916,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI EL PASO PA UNIV TEXAS AT EL PASO ROOM 202 QUINN HALL, EL PASO, TX 79968 SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD MAR-APR PY 1995 VL 90 IS 2 BP 407 EP 419 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA RD034 UT WOS:A1995RD03400012 ER PT J AU BOOKSTROM, AA AF BOOKSTROM, AA TI MAGMATIC FEATURES OF IRON-ORES OF THE KIRUNA TYPE IN CHILE AND SWEDEN - ORE TEXTURES AND MAGNETITE GEOCHEMISTRY - A DISCUSSION SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Discussion ID DEPOSITS; ORIGIN; SYSTEM RP BOOKSTROM, AA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,WESTERN MINERAL RESOURCES,W 904 RIVERSIDE AVE,SPOKANE,WA 99201, USA. NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 13 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI EL PASO PA UNIV TEXAS AT EL PASO ROOM 202 QUINN HALL, EL PASO, TX 79968 SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD MAR-APR PY 1995 VL 90 IS 2 BP 469 EP 473 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA RD034 UT WOS:A1995RD03400021 ER PT J AU GRUEBEL, KA DAVIS, JA LECKIE, JO AF GRUEBEL, KA DAVIS, JA LECKIE, JO TI KINETICS OF OXIDATION OF SELENITE TO SELENATE IN THE PRESENCE OF OXYGEN, TITANIA, AND LIGHT SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HETEROGENEOUS PHOTOCATALYTIC DECOMPOSITION; TIO2 POWDER; AQUEOUS SUSPENSIONS; PHOTODEGRADATION; DIOXIDE; DEGRADATION; ADSORPTION; WATER; SURFACTANTS; DISSOLUTION AB A detailed investigation of equilibrium surface adsorption reactions and rate-controlled photochemically induced redox reactions was conducted to include surface complexation modeling in the development of a mechanistic rate law. The investigation included a parametric study of selenite oxidation in the presence of irradiated titania and was divided into five parts, the rate of selenite oxidation as a function of (1) light intensity, (2) pH, (3) ionic strength, (4) oxygen partial pressure, and (5) selenite concentration. The titania used was characterized for its equilibrium surface properties, and surface speciation was modeled using the triple-layer model with the computation routine HYDRAQL. A kinetic model was successfully developed that related the measured quantum yield to titania surface species developed through surface characterization and triple-layer modeling. C1 STANFORD UNIV, DEPT CIVIL ENGN, STANFORD, CA 94305 USA. US GEOL SURVEY, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. NR 49 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 29 IS 3 BP 586 EP 594 DI 10.1021/es00003a005 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QJ908 UT WOS:A1995QJ90800020 PM 22200266 ER PT J AU BRADLEY, PM CHAPELLE, FH AF BRADLEY, PM CHAPELLE, FH TI FACTORS AFFECTING MICROBIAL 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE MINERALIZATION IN CONTAMINATED SOIL SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FUNGUS PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; SP B-STRAIN; NITROAROMATIC COMPOUNDS; PSEUDOMONAS SP; TNT; 2,4-DINITROTOLUENE; BIODEGRADATION; TRANSFORMATION; DEGRADATION; BIOTRANSFORMATION AB The influence of selected environmental factors on microbial TNT mineralization in soils collected from a TNT-contaminated site at Weldon Spring, MO, was examined using uniformly ring-labeled [C-14]TNT. Microbial TNT mineralization was significantly inhibited by the addition of cellobiose and syringate. This response suggests that the indigenous microorganisms are capable of metabolizing TNT but preferentially utilize less recalcitrant substrates when available. The observed inhibition of TNT mineralization by TNT by concentrations higher than 100 mu mol/kg of soil and by dry soil conditions suggests that toxic inhibition of microbial activity at high TNT concentrations and the periodic drying of these soils have contributed to the long-term persistence of TNT at Weldon Spring. In comparison to aerobic microcosms, mineralization was inhibited in anaerobic microcosms and in microcosms with a headspace of air amended with oxygen, suggesting that a mosaic of aerobic and anaerobic conditions may optimize TNT degradation at this site. RP BRADLEY, PM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,STEPHENSON CTR,SUITE 129,720 GRACERN RD,COLUMBIA,SC 29210, USA. NR 31 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 29 IS 3 BP 802 EP 806 DI 10.1021/es00003a031 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QJ908 UT WOS:A1995QJ90800046 PM 22200291 ER PT J AU CAFFREY, JM AF CAFFREY, JM TI SPATIAL AND SEASONAL PATTERNS IN SEDIMENT NITROGEN REMINERALIZATION AND AMMONIUM CONCENTRATIONS IN SAN-FRANCISCO BAY, CALIFORNIA SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER; NUTRIENT REGENERATION; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; BENTHIC FLUXES; ESTUARY; WATER; DISTRIBUTIONS; COASTAL; OXYGEN; NH4+ AB Nitrogen remineralization and extractable ammonium concentrations were measured in sediments from several locations in North and South San Francisco bays. In South Bay, remineralization rates decreased with depth in sediment and were highest in the spring following the seasonal phytoplankton bloom. At the channel stations, peak remineralization lagged peak water-column phytoplankton biomass (as measured by chlorophyll a) by a month. Remi neralization rates were generally higher in South Bay than North Bay. The lower remineralization rates in North Bay may be a result of anomalously low phytoplankton production and thus reduced deposition to the sediments, as well as low riverine organic inputs to the upper estuary in recent years. Remineralization rates were positively correlated to carbon and nitrogen content of the sediments. In general, ammonium profiles in South Bay sediments showed no increase in deeper (4-8 cm) sediments. In North Bay, ammonium concentrations were greatest at stations with highest remineralization rates, and, in contrast to South Bay, extractable ammonium increased in deeper sediment. Differences in ammonium pools between North Bay and South Bay may be a result of increased irrigation by deep-dwelling macrofauna, which are more abundant in South Bay. RP CAFFREY, JM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 46 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 9 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD MAR PY 1995 VL 18 IS 1B BP 219 EP 233 DI 10.2307/1352632 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA RD900 UT WOS:A1995RD90000003 ER PT J AU STARNES, L AF STARNES, L TI IS THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT WORKING SO FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material RP STARNES, L (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87103, USA. NR 0 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD MAR PY 1995 VL 20 IS 3 BP 4 EP 4 PG 1 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA QK570 UT WOS:A1995QK57000001 ER PT J AU LEVENTHAL, JS AF LEVENTHAL, JS TI CARBON-SULFUR PLOTS TO SHOW DIAGENETIC AND EPIGENETIC SULFIDATION IN SEDIMENTS SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Note ID SEMI-EUXINIC SEDIMENTS; LEAD-ZINC DEPOSITS; BLACK-SEA; PYRITE FORMATION; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; ORGANIC-CARBON; SOUTHEAST MISSOURI; SULFATE REDUCTION; VIBURNUM TREND; IRON AB Organic carbon vs. sulfide sulfur plots are now being used regularly by many geochemists to help understand recent and ancient depositional environments and diagenetic processes. Usually, these plots are useful to recognize nonmarine vs. marine environments or oxic vs. anoxic vs. euxinic depositional environments. However, C vs. S plots can also indicate diagenetic and epigenetic events that produce ''excess'' sulfide. Four new examples are presented and discussed. RP LEVENTHAL, JS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 66 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAR PY 1995 VL 59 IS 6 BP 1207 EP 1211 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QP130 UT WOS:A1995QP13000016 ER PT J AU HEMPHILLHALEY, E AF HEMPHILLHALEY, E TI DIATOM EVIDENCE FOR EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED SUBSIDENCE AND TSUNAMI 300 YR AGO IN SOUTHERN COASTAL WASHINGTON SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE; OREGON TIDAL MARSHES; SEA-LEVEL; YAQUINA-ESTUARY; HOLOCENE; SEDIMENTS; TECTONICS; STATE AB Fossil diatoms from four stratigraphic sections along the tidal Niawiakum River, southwestern Washington, provide an independent paleoecological test of a relative sea-level rise that has been attributed to subsidence during an inferred earthquake in the Cascadia subduction zone about 300 yr ago. Diatom assemblages in a buried soil and overlying mud indicate a sudden and lasting shift from marshes and forests near or above highest tides to mud flats and incipient tidal marshes, with a progressive return to high-level tidal marshes by sediment aggradation and, perhaps, gradual tectonic uplift. The amount of coseismic submergence required to generate the paleoecological changes observed at these sites could have ranged from a minimum of 0.8-1.0 m to a maximum of approximately 3.0 m. Fossil diatoms also provide an independent test of previous inferences that the subsidence was shortly followed by a tsunami. The inferred tsunami deposit is a distinct sandy interval that widely overlies the buried marsh and forest soil. Diatoms from this interval consist of species observed on modern sand flats of the open bay, identifying a bayward source for the sand. Occurrences of the same sand-flat species above the buried soil in the farthest up-valley outcrop where a sandy interval is not recognizable suggest that the tsunami extended farther landward than was previously inferred from the stratigraphy. These data rule out proposed alternatives to the coseismic subsidence model-that is, climatically induced sea-level rise, temporary submergence caused by storms-and support the hypothesis that a great earthquake struck southwestern Washington 300 yr ago. RP HEMPHILLHALEY, E (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MS 999,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 64 TC 112 Z9 114 U1 1 U2 11 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 107 IS 3 BP 367 EP 378 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(1995)107<0367:DEFEIS>2.3.CO;2 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA QL295 UT WOS:A1995QL29500009 ER PT J AU SANFORD, WE WOOD, WW AF SANFORD, WE WOOD, WW TI PALEOHYDROLOGIC RECORD FROM LAKE BRINE ON THE SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS, TEXAS SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER CONTROL; CLIMATIC RECORD; VEIN CALCITE; DEPOSITION; BASINS AB The timing of changes in the stage and salinity of Double Lakes of Lynn County, Texas, was estimated using dissolved-chloride profiles across an underlying shale layer. Lake conditions over the past 30 to 50 ka can be inferred from the chloride profiles by using the advective velocity of the pore water through the shale and an appropriate coefficient of molecular diffusion. The profiles suggest that net-evaporative conditions existed over the southern High Plains for the past 50 ka; a period of increasing salinity in the lake began at similar to 20 ka and reached current levels at similar to 5 ka. In addition, deflationary conditions were present for at least 4 ka, and likely began or were accelerated during the most recent altithermal period at similar to 5 ka. This type of lake-brine record may also exist in many other saline lake environments throughout the Great Plains of North America. RP SANFORD, WE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,430 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAR PY 1995 VL 23 IS 3 BP 229 EP 232 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0229:PRFLBO>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA QL296 UT WOS:A1995QL29600009 ER PT J AU TUTTLE, MP SCHWEIG, ES AF TUTTLE, MP SCHWEIG, ES TI ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND PEDOLOGICAL EVIDENCE FOR LARGE PREHISTORIC EARTHQUAKES IN THE NEW-MADRID SEISMIC ZONE, CENTRAL UNITED-STATES SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIQUEFACTION AB Prehistoric liquefaction features have been identified by careful observation of their structural and stratigraphic relations to Native American occupation horizons and their subtle soil characteristics. The ages of these liquefaction features have been estimated from radiocarbon dating of wood associated with the features and Native American artifacts found within bounding occupation horizons. At three sites near Blytheville, Arkansas, in the central part of the New Madrid seismic zone, one sand-blow crater formed between A.D. 800 and 1400, two sand-blow deposits formed between A.D. 800 and 1670, and three, possibly four, sand dikes formed since 4035 B.C. Where not found in association with Native American occupation horizons and artifacts, prehistoric liquefaction features can be difficult to distinguish from features that formed during the great New Madrid earthquakes of A.D. 1811 and 1812. This raises the possibility that prehistoric liquefaction features may have been misinterpreted during previous studies in the area. Nevertheless, a paleoearthquake chronology is beginning to emerge for the New Madrid seismic zone. Our findings are consistent with paleoseismological studies in the northern part of the seismic zone and suggest a recurrence interval of hundreds of years for earthquakes large enough to induce liquefaction in this region (M greater than or equal to 6.4). By mapping the age distribution of liquefaction features, a more accurate assessment of the long-term earthquake potential of the region will be possible. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT GEOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. MEMPHIS STATE UNIV,CTR EARTHQUAKE RES & INFORMAT,MEMPHIS,TN 38152. US GEOL SURVEY,MEMPHIS,TN 38152. RP TUTTLE, MP (reprint author), COLUMBIA UNIV,LAMONT DOHERTY GEOL OBSERV,PALISADES,NY 10964, USA. NR 21 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAR PY 1995 VL 23 IS 3 BP 253 EP 256 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0253:AAPEFL>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA QL296 UT WOS:A1995QL29600015 ER PT J AU JACOBEL, RW HODGE, SM AF JACOBEL, RW HODGE, SM TI RADAR INTERNAL LAYERS FROM THE GREENLAND SUMMIT SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ICE CORES; GISP2 AB Ice penetrating radar measurements made over the summit region of Greenland show returns from internal layers which can be used to augment the interpretation of climate information from the two deep cores recently recovered from this area. These reflecting surfaces, believed to represent isochrones, give information about the stress regime near the summit, and may aid in a better calibration of the age depth scale between the two cores - particularly in the lowest 10% of ice thickness where there is currently disagreement. The approximate depth at which internal echoes become discontinuous corresponds with the observations of steep inclinations and overturned folds on the scale of centimeters in the core samples. However the deepest internal layers which can be distinguished in the profiles place constraints on the scale and location of high angle or overturned folds. C1 UNIV PUGET SOUND,US GEOL SURVEY,ICE & CLIMATE PROJECT,TACOMA,WA 98416. RP JACOBEL, RW (reprint author), ST OLAF COLL,DEPT PHYS,NORTHFIELD,MN 55057, USA. NR 14 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 1995 VL 22 IS 5 BP 587 EP 590 DI 10.1029/95GL00110 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA QL415 UT WOS:A1995QL41500016 ER PT J AU MCMAHON, PB VROBLESKY, DA BRADLEY, PM CHAPELLE, FH GULLETT, CD AF MCMAHON, PB VROBLESKY, DA BRADLEY, PM CHAPELLE, FH GULLETT, CD TI EVIDENCE FOR ENHANCED MINERAL DISSOLUTION IN ORGANIC ACID-RICH SHALLOW GROUND-WATER SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID FERRIC IRON; MATTER MINERALIZATION; SANDSTONE DIAGENESIS; INCREASED SOLUBILITY; QUARTZ; SEDIMENTS; REDUCTION; ANIONS AB Total concentrations of formate, acetate, and isobutyrate varied from less than 5 to greater than 9,000 mu mol/l over distances of <3 m in ground water from a shallow hydrocarbon contaminated aquifer. Laboratory incubations of aquifer material indicate that organic acid concentrations were dependent on the amount of hydrocarbon loading in the sediment and the relative rates of microbial organic acid production and consumption. In heavily contaminated sediments, production greatly exceeded consumption and organic acid concentrations increased. In lightly contaminated sediments rates were essentially equal and organic acid concentrations remained low, Concentrations of dissolved calcium, magnesium, and iron generally were one to two orders of magnitude higher in organic acid-rich ground water than in ground water having low organic acid concentrations. Carbonate and Fe(III)-oxyhydroxide minerals were the likely sources of these elements. Similarly, concentrations of dissolved silica, derived from quartz and k-feldspar, were higher in organic acid-rich ground water than in other waters, The positive relation (r = 0.60, p<.05, n = 16) between concentrations of silica and organic acids suggests that the microbially mediated buildup of organic acids in ground water enhanced quartz/k-feldspar dissolution in the aquifer, although it was not the only factor influencing their dissolution. A model that included organic acid microequivalents normalized by cation microequivalents significantly strengthened the correlation (r = 0.79, p<.001, n = 16) between dissolved silica and organic acid concentrations, indicating that competition between silica and cations for complexation sites on organic acids also influenced quartz/k-feldspar dissolution. Physical evidence for enhanced mineral dissolution in organic acid-rich waters included scanning electron microscopy images of highly corroded quartz and k-feldspar grains from portions of the aquifer containing organic acid-rich ground water. Microporosity generated in hydrocarbon contaminated sediments may adversely affect remediation efforts that depend on the efficient injection of electron accepters into an aquifer or on the recovery of solutes from an aquifer. C1 US GEOL SURVEY, COLUMBIA, SC USA. PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA USA. RP MCMAHON, PB (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, DENVER FED CTR, MS415, DENVER, CO 80225 USA. NR 27 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 7 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI COLUMBUS PA 2600 GROUND WATER WAY, COLUMBUS, OH 43219 SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR-APR PY 1995 VL 33 IS 2 BP 207 EP 216 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1995.tb00275.x PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA QK560 UT WOS:A1995QK56000005 ER PT J AU HAMILTON, PA HELSEL, DR AF HAMILTON, PA HELSEL, DR TI EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURE ON GROUNDWATER QUALITY IN 5 REGIONS OF THE UNITED-STATES SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID NITRATE AB Water-quality conditions in surficial unconsolidated aquifers were assessed in five agricultural regions in the United States. The assessment covers the Delmarva Peninsula, and parts of Long Island, Connecticut, Kansas, and Nebraska, and is based on water-quality and ancillary data collected during the 1980s. Concentrations of nitrate in ground water in these areas have increased because of applications of commercial fertilizers and manure. Nitrate concentrations exceed the maximum contaminant level (MCL) for drinking water of 10 milligrams per liter as nitrogen established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in 12 to 46 percent of the wells sampled in the agricultural regions. Concentrations of nitrate are elevated within the upper 100 to 200 feet of the surficial aquifers. Permeable and sandy deposits that generally underlie the agricultural areas provide favorable conditions for vertical leaching of nitrate to relatively deep parts of the aquifers, The persistence of nitrate at such depths is attributed to aerobic conditions along ground-water-now paths. Concentrations of nitrate are greatest in areas that are heavily irrigated or areas that are underlain by well-drained sediments; more fertilizer is typically applied on land with well-drained sediments than on poorly drained sediments because web-drained sediments have a low organic-matter content and low moisture capacity. Concentrations of other inorganic constituents related to agriculture, such as potassium and chloride from potash fertilizers, and calcium and magnesium from liming, also are significantly elevated in ground water beneath the agricultural areas. These constituents together impart a distinctive agricultural-chemical trademark to the ground water, different from natural water. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092. RP HAMILTON, PA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,3600 W BROAD ST,ROOM 606,RICHMOND,VA 23230, USA. NR 26 TC 98 Z9 102 U1 2 U2 20 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI COLUMBUS PA 2600 GROUND WATER WAY, COLUMBUS, OH 43219 SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR-APR PY 1995 VL 33 IS 2 BP 217 EP 226 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1995.tb00276.x PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA QK560 UT WOS:A1995QK56000006 ER PT J AU ZARRIELLO, PJ AF ZARRIELLO, PJ TI ACCURACY, PRECISION, AND STABILITY OF A VIBRATING-WIRE TRANSDUCER MEASUREMENT SYSTEM TO MEASURE HYDRAULIC-HEAD SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article AB A vibrating-wire transducer measurement system was investigated to determine its accuracy, precision, and stability for use in a study of ground water movement in low-permeability material. Twenty transducers with a pressure range of 10 psi were tested for stability over 100 days, half under low pressure (0.256 psi) and half under approximately full-scale pressure (10 psi). Measurement accuracy. Random noise in the data indicates that the transducers were precise to within 0.02 psi. The transducer measurements were generally stable to within 0.05 psi, but most showed a slight decrease in pressure over time. Measurements by transducers under low pressure were within +/- 0.038 psi of actual pressure, and those made by transducers under high pressure were within +/- 0.20 psi, as indicated by the difference between the mean measurement of each transducer and the mean measurement of all transducers. These measurements were within the reported accuracy for transducers under low pressure, but differed by more than the reported accuracy for transducers under high pressure; this indicates that transducer accuracy is largely determined by the pressure coefficient used to convert transducer readings to pressure units. Pressure coefficient calibration of selected transducers by a water filled standpipe and a digital manometer indicate that hysteresis could be the most significant factor affecting the transducer accuracy. Standpipe calibrations indicate a pressure coefficient difference of about 13 percent between increasing and decreasing pressure, but deadweight calibrations indicate a difference of only 1.5 percent. The observed measurement and equipment error could affect interpretation of water level measurements; thus, independent water level measurements and rigorous review of the data are needed to evaluate the accuracy of transducer measurements. RP ZARRIELLO, PJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,903 HANSHAW RD,ITHACA,NY, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI COLUMBUS PA 2600 GROUND WATER WAY, COLUMBUS, OH 43219 SN 0277-1926 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD SPR PY 1995 VL 15 IS 2 BP 157 EP 168 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.1995.tb00527.x PG 12 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA QZ433 UT WOS:A1995QZ43300013 ER PT J AU ELLEFSEN, KJ BOCHICCHIO, RM AF ELLEFSEN, KJ BOCHICCHIO, RM TI GEOPHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SMELTING WASTES - A CASE-HISTORY SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article AB The thicknesses of slag piles at a smelting site in Midvale, Utah, were determined using geophysical methods; this information was needed to estimate the cost of removing or isolating slag that the potential to contaminate ground water. From a small scale preliminary investigation that included terrain-conductivity profiling, low-frequency resistivity measurements, and induction logging, the electrical resistivities of the slag and the underlying sediment were determined to be approximately 100 Omega-m and 15 Omega-m, respectively. Because electromagnetic measurements are affected by such significant contrasts, terrain-conductivity profiling and time-domain electromagnetic soundings, were used to determine the thicknesses of the slag piles. Generally, the estimated thicknesses from both methods were consistent and geologically plausible. In some instances, reliable estimates of the thicknesses could not be obtained because, for example, the measurements were affected by buried metal objects. In this case study, we emphasize three principles that might help investigators at other smelter sites. First a small-scale preliminary investigation saves time and money because those geophysical methods that have the greatest likelihood or success can be determined. Second, when the results from several geophysical methods are consistent, the confidence in the interpretation increases. Third, geophysical characterization is not always successful. Nonetheless, because of its outstanding advantages, it should be used before other more expensive characterization methods are tried. RP ELLEFSEN, KJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS 964,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI COLUMBUS PA 2600 GROUND WATER WAY, COLUMBUS, OH 43219 SN 0277-1926 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD SPR PY 1995 VL 15 IS 2 BP 169 EP 176 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.1995.tb00528.x PG 8 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA QZ433 UT WOS:A1995QZ43300014 ER PT J AU VROBLESKY, DA ROBERTSON, JF RHODES, LC AF VROBLESKY, DA ROBERTSON, JF RHODES, LC TI STRATIGRAPHIC TRAPPING OF SPILLED JET FUEL BENEATH THE WATER-TABLE SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article AB Environmental conditions and the initial attempt to recover JP-4 jet fuel from a shallow aquifer at a tank farm in Hanahan, South Carolina, in 1975, allowed the jet fuel to become stratigraphically trapped below the water table. The trapped jet fuel remained an undetected source of dissolved hydrocarbon contamination in shallow ground water in the area for 17 years. The trapped jet fuel was located when a variety of chemical, hydrologic, geologic, and historical evidence led investigators to install and sample deeper wells. These findings emphasize the need to use an integrated approach to evaluating the data when-determining the extent of contamination and planning fuel recovery operations in a lithologically heterogeneous aquifer. RP VROBLESKY, DA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,STEPHENSON CTR,720 GRACERN RD,STE 129,COLUMBIA,SC 29210, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI COLUMBUS PA 2600 GROUND WATER WAY, COLUMBUS, OH 43219 SN 0277-1926 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD SPR PY 1995 VL 15 IS 2 BP 177 EP 183 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.1995.tb00529.x PG 7 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA QZ433 UT WOS:A1995QZ43300015 ER PT J AU COSTARD, FM KARGEL, JS AF COSTARD, FM KARGEL, JS TI OUTWASH PLAINS AND THERMOKARST ON MARS SO ICARUS LA English DT Article ID WESTERN ARCTIC COAST; CRATER EJECTA; ICE; WATER; MORPHOLOGY; TERRAIN; ORIGIN; CANADA AB The spatial distribution of different types of rampart craters on Mars suggests a hemispheric asymmetry in the distribution of ground ice. The northern plains, especially major topographic depressions near the terminations of outflow channels, have high percentages of rampart craters. Two of these basins, Acidalia and Utopia Planitiae, received extraordinarily large amounts of water and sediment from the Chryse and Elysium outflow channels. In both regions, the analysis of high-resolution Viking pictures (12 m/pixel) indicates a concentration of kilometer-scale depressions that are similar in size and form to thermokarstic features in Yakutia (Siberia) and parts of the arctic coastal plain of North America. Accordingly, we infer that (1) Utopia Planitia and Acidalia Planitia may contain thick, laterally continuous, ice-rich sedimentary deposits related to outflow channel-forming floods, and (2) these areas of Mars may have experienced thermokarstic processes similar to modern thermokarstic processes in some periglacial regions of Earth. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001. RP COSTARD, FM (reprint author), CTR GEOMORPHOL,24 RUE TILLEULS,F-14000 CAEN,FRANCE. NR 92 TC 101 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAR PY 1995 VL 114 IS 1 BP 93 EP 112 DI 10.1006/icar.1995.1046 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA QQ324 UT WOS:A1995QQ32400008 ER PT J AU BROWNFIELD, ME AFFOLTER, RH STRICKER, GD HILDEBRAND, RT AF BROWNFIELD, ME AFFOLTER, RH STRICKER, GD HILDEBRAND, RT TI HIGH CHROMIUM CONTENTS IN TERTIARY COAL DEPOSITS OF NORTHWESTERN WASHINGTON - A KEY TO THEIR DEPOSITIONAL HISTORY SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Chromium contents obtained from 20 coal and 5 associated rock samples collected from the basal part of the Eocene Chuckanut Formation, in Skagit and Whatcom counties, northwest Washington, range between 30 and 300 ppm (mean 120 ppm whole-coal basis). The lenticular coals, ranging in rank from subbituminous to anthracite, and with an ash content of 12-46%, crop out along the western flank of the Cascade Range. Results of X-ray diffraction analysis of low-temperature ash show that the mineral matter in the coal samples consists predominantly of quartz and clay (kaolinite, illite and chlorite group). However, accessory minerals, isolated from the coal samples and analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and optical methods, contain angular fragments and euhedral crystals of the spinel group (chromite, magnetite and trevorite), kaolinite-serpentine group (antigorite and chrysotile), chlorite group, amphibole group and pyroxene group minerals (augite, diopside and enstatite), all of which are commonly enriched in chromium. Although associated primarily with the inorganic fraction of the coal, concentrations of chromium in the samples show no statistically significant correlation with ash content. Localized concentrations of chromium in the coal are the result of natural contamination from the alteration of detrital chromium-bearing mineral grains introduced into the peat-forming mires from nearby Jurassic ophiolite bodies. The coals formed in the early Eocene, in rapidly subsiding small basins that developed during the uplift and erosion of the pre-Tertiary ophiolite terrain. Scattered bodies of source rock, random distribution of chromium-bearing minerals within the coal and sample heterogeneity account for the variation in Cr contents of the samples. RP BROWNFIELD, ME (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,BOX 25046,MS 972,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 44 TC 19 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 27 IS 2-4 BP 153 EP 169 DI 10.1016/0166-5162(94)00026-V PG 17 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA RC600 UT WOS:A1995RC60000003 ER PT J AU LYONS, PC OREM, WH MASTALERZ, M ZODROW, EL VIETHREDEMANN, A BUSTIN, RM AF LYONS, PC OREM, WH MASTALERZ, M ZODROW, EL VIETHREDEMANN, A BUSTIN, RM TI C-13 NMR, MICRO-FTIR AND FLUORESCENCE-SPECTRA, AND PYROLYSIS-GAS CHROMATOGRAMS OF COALIFIED FOLIAGE OF LATE CARBONIFEROUS MEDULLOSAN SEED FERNS, NOVA-SCOTIA, CANADA - IMPLICATIONS FOR COALIFICATION AND CHEMOTAXONOMY SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDIANA PAPER COAL; FLASH PYROLYSIS; SUBBITUMINOUS COAL; PLANT CUTICLES; IR; CHEMISTRY; VITRINITE; RANK; PEAT; SPECTROSCOPY AB The cuticles and cuticle-free compressions of three Carboniferous medullosan seed-fern leaf species (Macroneuropteris scheuchzeri, Neuropteris ovata var. simonii and Alethopteris lesquereuxii) were analyzed by elemental, C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), micro-FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) and coal petrographic techniques. The C-13 NMR spectra of the cuticle-free compressions and the associated whole coal (high volatile A/B bituminous coal rank) are generally similar and consist of a large aromatic carbon peak, a smaller aliphatic carbon peak and a shoulder on the aromatic peak, representing phenolic carbons. In contrast, the C-13 NMR spectra of the cuticles from the same leaves have a predominant peak for aliphatic carbons and a much smaller aromatic carbon peak. This difference in aromaticity between the cuticles and the cuticle-free compressions is also reflected in the higher atomic H/C ratios of the cuticles. Micro-FTIR spectra of the cuticles show oxygenated functional groups (carboxyl and ketone) similar to those in modern cuticles but their most characteristic feature is very strong bands in the aliphatic stretching region. The cuticle-free compressions (mainly vitrinite),in turn, show the absence or significant reduction in oxygenated functional groups, reduction in aliphatic stretching bands and, usually, increased absorbance of aromatic out-of-plane deformation in the 700-900 cm(-1) region. Fluorescence spectra for the cuticles from all three species show a great similarity with a lambda(max) at 580-590 nm, probably reflecting a similar degree of coalification, which is consistent with the similar vitrinite reflectance (R(r)) and H/C and O/C ratios of the cuticle-free compressions. These results indicate that leaf cuticle-free compressions, which were initially cellulose rich (similar to 90% cellulose and hemicellulose, < 10% lignin), can alter, during peatification and coalification, to a macromolecular structure similar to that of coalified wood (initially similar to 50% cellulose and hemicellulose, similar to 30%-50% lignin). Thus, a lignin-enriched structure is not a prerequisite for the formation of the macromolecular structure of vitrinite. In addition, the micro-FTIR spectra reveal the complexity of the molecular structure in coalified seed-fern leaves. The micro-FTIR data reveal some significant differences among the cuticles that may be of chemotaxonomic value. Clearly, a combination of macro- and micro-techniques offers a better basis for the interpretation of the molecular structure of pre-macerals and their alteration during peatification and coalification. Also, the data presented in this paper provide important new information that extends the data from morphological and cuticular taxonomic studies of some seed ferns. The data are encouraging preliminary advances in the chemotaxonomy of medullosan seed fern species. Pyrolysis-gas chromatography (PY-GC) data for the cuticles of three seed-fern leaves indicate distinct chemical signatures for the two neuropterid leaves as compared to the Alethopteris leaf. This perhaps indicates a chemotaxomic factor, or it could be related to the greater thickness of the cuticle of Alethopteris. Mass spectrometric data are needed to identify individual components in the PY-GC chromatograms. C1 UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,DEPT GEOL SCI,VANCOUVER,BC V6T 1Z4,CANADA. UNIV COLL CAPE BRETON,DEPT EARTH SCI,SYDNEY,NSW B1P 6L2,AUSTRALIA. GEOL LANDESAMT NORDRHEIN WESTFALEN,D-44710 KREFELD,GERMANY. RP LYONS, PC (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR,MS 956,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 55 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 27 IS 2-4 BP 227 EP 248 DI 10.1016/0166-5162(94)00024-T PG 22 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA RC600 UT WOS:A1995RC60000006 ER PT J AU DETTINGER, MD CAYAN, DR AF DETTINGER, MD CAYAN, DR TI LARGE-SCALE ATMOSPHERIC FORCING OF RECENT TRENDS TOWARD EARLY SNOWMELT RUNOFF IN CALIFORNIA SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; MONTHLY PRECIPITATION; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CIRCULATION; STREAMFLOW; SPECIFICATION; FLUCTUATIONS; TEMPERATURE; COAST AB Since the late 1940s, snowmelt and runoff have come increasingly early in the water year in many basins in northern and central California. This subtle trend is most pronounced in moderate-altitude basins, which are sensitive to changes in mean winter temperatures. Such basins have broad areas in which winter temperatures are near enough to freezing that small increases result initially in the formation of less snow and eventually in early snowmelt. In moderate-altitude basins of California, a declining fraction of the annual runoff has come in April-June. This decline has been compensated by increased fractions of runoff at other, mostly earlier, times in the water year. Weather stations in central California, including the central Sierra Nevada, have shown trends toward warmer winters since the 1940s. A series of regression analyses indicate that runoff timing responds equally to the observed decadal-scale trends in winter temperature and interannual temperature variations of the same magnitude, suggesting that the temperature trend is sufficient to explain the runoff-timing trends. The immediate cause of the trend toward warmer winters in California is a concurrent, long-term fluctuation in winter atmospheric circulations over the North Pacific Ocean and North America that is not immediately distinguishable from natural atmospheric variability. The fluctuation began to affect California in the 1940s, when the region of strongest low-frequency variation of winter circulations shifted to a part of the central North Pacific Ocean that is teleconnected to California temperatures. Since the late 1940s, winter wind fields have been displaced progressively southward over the central North Pacific and northward over the west coast of North America. These shifts in atmospheric circulations are associated with concurrent shifts in both West Coast air temperatures and North Pacific sea surface temperatures. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,LA JOLLA,CA. SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG,LA JOLLA,CA. RP DETTINGER, MD (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,5735 KEARNY VILLA RD,SUITE O,SAN DIEGO,CA 92123, USA. NR 41 TC 230 Z9 233 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 8 IS 3 BP 606 EP 623 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<0606:LSAFOR>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QP483 UT WOS:A1995QP48300019 ER PT J AU BUEHLER, DA FRASER, JD FULLER, MR MCALLISTER, LS SEEGAR, JKD AF BUEHLER, DA FRASER, JD FULLER, MR MCALLISTER, LS SEEGAR, JKD TI CAPTIVE AND FIELD-TESTED RADIO TRANSMITTER ATTACHMENTS FOR BALD EAGLES SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHESAPEAKE BAY; LOAD AB The effects of two radio transmitter attachment techniques on captive and one attachment technique on wild Bald Eagles (Habiaeetus leucocephalus) were studied. A Y-attachment method with a 160-g dummy transmitter was less apt to cause tissue damage on captive birds than an X-attachment method, and loosely fit transmitters caused less damage than tightly fit transmitters. Annual survival of wild birds fitted with 65-g transmitters via an X attachment was estimated at 90-95%. As a result of high survival, only five wild birds marked as nestlings were recovered. Two of these birds had superficial pressure sores from tight-fitting harnesses. It is recommended that a 1.3-cm space be left between the transmitter and the bird's back when radio-tagging post-fledging Bald Eagles. Additional space, perhaps up to 2.5 cm, is required for nestlings to anew for added growth and development. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE SCI,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708. USA,CTR CHEM RES DEV & ENGN,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010. NR 22 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 6 PU ASSOC FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS PI BELOIT PA BELOIT COLLEGE, DEPT BIOLOGY, 700 COLLEGE ST, BELOIT, WI 53511 SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD SPR PY 1995 VL 66 IS 2 BP 173 EP 180 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA QV969 UT WOS:A1995QV96900001 ER PT J AU SYKES, PW RYMAN, WE KEPLER, CB HARDY, JW AF SYKES, PW RYMAN, WE KEPLER, CB HARDY, JW TI A 24-HOUR REMOTE SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM FOR TERRESTRIAL WILDLIFE STUDIES SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The configuration, components, specifications and costs of a state-of-the-art closed-circuit television system with wide application for wildlife research and management are described. The principal system components consist of color CCTV camera with zoom lens, pan/tilt system, infrared illuminator, heavy duty tripod, coaxial cable, coaxitron system, half-duplex equalizing video/control amplifier, time-lapse video cassette recorder, color video monitor, VHS video cassettes, portable generator, fuel tank and power cable. This system was developed and used in a study of Mississippi Sandhill Crane (Grus canadensis pratensis) behaviors during incubation, hatching and fledging. The main advantages of the system are minimal downtime where a complete record of every event, its time of occurrence and duration, are permanently recorded and can be replayed as many times as necessary there-after to retrieve the data. The system is particularly applicable for studies of behavior and predation, for counting individuals, or recording difficult to observe activities. The system can be run continuously for several weeks by two people, reducing personnel costs. This paper is intended to provide biologists who have little knowledge of electronics with a system that might be useful to their specific needs. The disadvantages of this system are the initial costs (about $9800 basic, 1990-1991 U.S. dollars) and the time required to playback video cassette tapes for data retrieval, but the playback can be sped up when little or no activity of interest is taking place. In our study, the positive aspects of the system far outweighed the negative C1 TECH SYST INC,NORCROSS,GA 30071. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,MISSISSIPPI SANDHILL CRANE NATL WILDLIFE REFUGE,GAUTIER,MS 39553. RP SYKES, PW (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DB WARNELL SCH FOREST RESOURCES,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,SE RES GRP,NATL BIOL SERV,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 5 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASSOC FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS PI BELOIT PA BELOIT COLLEGE, DEPT BIOLOGY, 700 COLLEGE ST, BELOIT, WI 53511 SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD SPR PY 1995 VL 66 IS 2 BP 199 EP 211 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA QV969 UT WOS:A1995QV96900005 ER PT J AU QUICK, JE GREGORY, RT AF QUICK, JE GREGORY, RT TI SIGNIFICANCE OF MELT-WALL ROCK REACTION - A COMPARATIVE ANATOMY OF 3 OPHIOLITES SO JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN OMAN MOUNTAINS; EASTERN KLAMATH MOUNTAINS; OCEAN-RIDGE BASALTS; SAMAIL OPHIOLITE; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; TRINITY PERIDOTITE; MAGMA CHAMBER; SECTION; PETROGENESIS; PETROLOGY AB The ascent of basaltic melts through the upper mantle results in chemical disequilibrium between the melts and the pyroxene and plagioclase of the wall-rock peridotite. Phase and cryptic variations in ophiolitic peridotites demonstrate that the resulting reactions deplete the mantle in magmatophile components and enrich ascending melts in Ca, Na, Al, and incompatible trace elements while buffering their Mg/Mg+Fe ratios at primitive Values (>0.6). A comparative anatomy of the Trinity, Oman, and Darb Zubaydah ophiolites illustrates both the significance of this process in shaping the composition of the shallow lithospheric mantle and how the integrated effects may reflect tectonic setting. A first-order correlation between crustal thickness and degree of mantle depletion exists, but multiple rifting events may remove part of the crustal record so that melt/rock ratios are difficult to quantify. Most impressive in ophiolitic peridotites is the abundance of melt crystallization and reaction products in zones of focused porous flow and(or) conduits indicating that melt segregation occurs at depths >20 km in extensional tectonic settings. Within these zones of melt transport, melt/rock reaction ratios will vary as the composition of the wall rocks evolves with melts becoming chemically insulated from the wall rocks when reaction zones of dunite develop. This may help explain why many MORBs retain trace-element signatures of a deep garnet-bearing source. RP QUICK, JE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,IGNEOUS & GEOTHERMAL PROC BRANCH,MAIL STOP 903,POB 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 51 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1376 J9 J GEOL JI J. Geol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 103 IS 2 BP 187 EP 198 PG 12 WC Geology SC Geology GA QL212 UT WOS:A1995QL21200004 ER PT J AU TINDALL, JA VENCILL, WK AF TINDALL, JA VENCILL, WK TI TRANSPORT OF ATRAZINE, 2,4-D, AND DICAMBA THROUGH PREFERENTIAL FLOWPATHS IN AN UNSATURATED CLAYPAN SOIL NEAR CENTRALIA, MISSOURI SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article ID WETTING FRONT INSTABILITY; WATER RESIDENCE TIME; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; TROPICAL SOIL; NO-TILL; FLOW; MACROPORES; POLLUTION; GROUNDWATER; COLUMNS AB The objectives were to determine how atrazine (2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine), dicamba (3-6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid), and 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxy-acetic acid) move through claypan soils (fine montmorillonitic, mesic Udollic Ochraqualf Mollic albaqualf, Mexico silty loam) at the Missouri Management System Evaluation Area (MSEA) near Centralia in Boone County, Missouri, and the role of preferential flowpaths in that movement. Twelve intact soil cores (30 cm diameter by 40 cm height), were excavated sequentially, four from each of the following depths: 0-40 cm, 40-80 cm, and 80-120 cm. These cores were used to study preferential flow characteristics using dye staining experiments and to determine hydraulic properties. Six undisturbed experimental field plots, with a 1 m2 surface area (two sets of three each), were instrumented at the Missouri MSEA on 11 May 1991: 1 m2 zero-tension pan lysimeters were installed at 1.35 m depths in Plots 1-3 and at 1.05 m depths in Plots 4-6. Additionally, each plot was planted with soybeans (Glycine max L.) and instrumented with suction lysimeters and tensiometers at 15 cm depth increments. A neutron probe access tube was installed in each plot to determine soil water content at 15 cm intervals. All plots were enclosed with a raised frame (of 8 cm height) to prevent surface runoff, and were allowed to equilibrate for a year before data collection. During this waiting period, all suction and pan lysimeters were purged monthly and were sampled immediately prior to herbicide application in May 1992 to obtain background concentrations. Atrazine, 2,4-D, and dicamba moved rapidly through the soil, probably owing to the presence of preferential flowpaths. Staining of laboratory cores showed a positive correlation between the per cent area stained by depth and the subsequent breakthrough of Br- in the laboratory and leaching of field-applied herbicides owing to large rainfall events. Suction lysimeter samples in the field showed increases in concentrations of herbicides at depths were laboratory data indicated greater percentages of what appeared to be preferential flowpaths. Concentrations of atrazine, 2,4-D, and dicamba exceeding 0.50, 0.1, and 0.15 mug ml-1 were observed with depth (45-135 cm, 60-125 cm and 60-135 cm) after several months following rainfall events. Preferential flowpaths were a major factor in transport of atrazine, 2,4-D, and dicamba at the site. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGRON,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP TINDALL, JA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,NATL RES PROGRAM,MS 413,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. RI Vencill, William/K-7748-2015 OI Vencill, William/0000-0001-7233-4534 NR 44 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 166 IS 1-2 BP 37 EP 59 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(94)02603-9 PG 23 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA QG781 UT WOS:A1995QG78100003 ER PT J AU PHILLIPS, EJP LANDA, ER LOVLEY, DR AF PHILLIPS, EJP LANDA, ER LOVLEY, DR TI REMEDIATION OF URANIUM CONTAMINATED SOILS WITH BICARBONATE EXTRACTION AND MICROBIAL U(VI) REDUCTION SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIOREMEDIATION; URANIUM; MILL TAILINGS; DESULFOVIBRIO ID SITES AB A process for concentrating uranium from contaminated soils in which the uranium is first extracted with bicarbonate and then the extracted uranium is precipitated with U(VI)-reducing microorganisms was evaluated for a variety of uranium-contaminated soils. Bicarbonate (100 mM) extracted 20-94% of the uranium that was extracted with nitric acid. The U(VI)-reducing microorganism, Desulfovibrio desulf,-icans reduced the U(VI) to U(IV) in the bicarbonate extracts. In some instances unidentified dissolved extracted components, presumably organics, gave the extract a yellow color and inhibited U(VI) reduction and/or the precipitation of U(IV). Removal of the dissolved yellow material with the addition of hydrogen peroxide alleviated this inhibition. These results demonstrate that bicarbonate extraction of uranium from soil followed by microbial U(VI) reduction might be an effective mechanism for concentrating uranium from some contaminated soils. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 14 TC 120 Z9 127 U1 3 U2 26 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HANTS, ENGLAND RG21 2XS SN 0169-4146 J9 J IND MICROBIOL JI J. Indust. Microbiol. PD MAR-APR PY 1995 VL 14 IS 3-4 BP 203 EP 207 DI 10.1007/BF01569928 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA RL131 UT WOS:A1995RL13100002 ER PT J AU BOREN, JC LOCHMILLER, RL LESLIE, DM ENGLE, DM AF BOREN, JC LOCHMILLER, RL LESLIE, DM ENGLE, DM TI AMINO-ACID-CONCENTRATIONS IN SEED OF PREFERRED FORAGES OF BOBWHITES SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE COLINUS VIRGINIANUS; CRUDE PROTEIN; NONAMINO NITROGEN; NUTRITION ID CROSS TIMBERS; VEGETATION MANAGEMENT; PROTEIN; REQUIREMENTS; HERBICIDES AB Nutritional factors have been hypothesized to regulate gallinaceous bird populations such as the Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus). Although protein is considered one of the most important and limiting nutrient categories in wild animal populations, we lack a complete understanding of the availability of essential amino acids in foodstuff protein. Seed grains comprise a major component of the annual diet of bobwhites throughout its geographic range. We investigated the concentration of 17 amino acids in seed of 4 highly preferred forages of bobwhites from central Oklahoma. The total nitrogen content of seed was composed of 28-43% nonamino nitrogen of limited nutritional value. We provide evidence that crude protein may grossly over estimate true protein. Amino acid content of forages in lieu of crude protein may better describe the nutritional ecology of quail and other gallinaceous birds and provide new insights into the role of nutrition in regulating animal populations. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,STILLWATER,OK 74048. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,OKLAHOMA COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,STILLWATER,OK 74048. RP BOREN, JC (reprint author), OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,STILLWATER,OK 74048, USA. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 48 IS 2 BP 141 EP 144 DI 10.2307/4002801 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QM066 UT WOS:A1995QM06600009 ER PT J AU WOODRUFF, LG FROELICH, AJ BELKIN, HE GOTTFRIED, D AF WOODRUFF, LG FROELICH, AJ BELKIN, HE GOTTFRIED, D TI EVOLUTION OF THOLEIITIC DIABASE SHEET SYSTEMS IN THE EASTERN UNITED-STATES - EXAMPLES FROM THE CULPEPER BASIN, VIRGINIA MARYLAND, AND THE GETTYSBURG BASIN, PENNSYLVANIA SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID IGNEOUS ROCKS; HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION; LAYERED INTRUSIONS; PALISADES SILL; ISOTOPE; OXYGEN; DIFFERENTIATION; FRACTIONATION; CONVECTION; COMPACTION AB High-TiO2, quartz-normative (HTQ) tholeiite sheets of Early Jurassic age have intruded mainly Late Triassic sedimentary rocks in several early Mesozoic basins in the eastern United States. Field observations, petrographic study, geochemical analyses and stable isotope data from three HTQ sheet systems in the Culpeper basin of Virginia and Maryland and the Gettysburg basin of Pennsylvania were used to develop a general model of magmatic differentiation and magmatic-hydrothermal interaction for HTQ sheets. The three sheet systems have remarkably similar major-oxide and trace-element compositions. Cumulus and evolved diabase in comagmatic sheets separated by tens of kilometers are related by igneous differentiation. Differentiated diabase in all three sheets have petrographic and geochemical signatures and fluid inclusions indicating hydrothermal alteration beginning near magmatic temperatures and continuing to relatively low temperatures. Sulfur and oxygen isotope data are consistent with a magmatic origin for the hydrothermal fluid. The three sheet systems examined apparently all had a similar style of crystal-liquid fractionation that requires significant lateral migration of residual magmatic liquid. The proposed magmatic model for HTQ sheets suggests that bronzite-laden Magma was intruded in an upper crustal magma chamber, with bronzite phenocrysts collecting in the lower part of the magma chamber near the feeder dike. Early crystallization of augite and Ca-poor pyroxene before significant plagioclase crystallization resulted in density-driven migration of lighter residual magmatic liquids along lateral and vertical pressure gradients towards the upper part of the sheet. The influence of water on the physical properties of the residual liquid, including density, viscosity and liquidus temperature, may have facilitated the lateral movement more than 15 km up dip in the sheets. Exsolution of a Cl- and S-rich metal-bearing aqueous fluid from residual magma resulted in concentration and redistribution of incompatible and aqueous-soluble elements in late-stage differentiated rocks. This proposed hydrothermal mechanism has important economic implications as it exerts a strong control on the final distribution of noble metals in these types of diabase sheets. C1 US GEOL SURVEY, NATL FED CTR, RESTON, VA 22092 USA. RP WOODRUFF, LG (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, 2280 WOODALE DR, ST PAUL, MN 55112 USA. OI Belkin, Harvey/0000-0001-7879-6529 NR 62 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 64 IS 3-4 BP 143 EP 169 DI 10.1016/0377-0273(94)00085-U PG 27 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA QR352 UT WOS:A1995QR35200001 ER PT J AU SANFORD, WE KONIKOW, LF ROWE, GL BRANTLEY, SL AF SANFORD, WE KONIKOW, LF ROWE, GL BRANTLEY, SL TI GROUNDWATER TRANSPORT OF CRATER-LAKE BRINE AT POAS VOLCANO, COSTA-RICA SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ENERGY BUDGET ANALYSIS AB Poas Volcano is an active stratovolcano in Costa Rica that has a lake in its active crater. The crater lake has high temperatures (50-90-degrees-C), high acidity (pH almost-equal-to 0.0), and a high dissolved-solids content (100 g/kg). The volcano has numerous freshwater springs on its flanks, but a few on the northwestern flank are highly acidic (pH = 1.6-2.5) and have high dissolved-solids concentrations (2-22 g/kg). This study analyzes the regional groundwater system at Poas and demonstrates the likelihood that the water discharging from the acidic springs in the Rio Agrio watershed originates at the acidic crater lake. Both heat and solute transport are analyzed on a regional scale through numerical simulations using the HST3D finite-difference model, which solves the coupled equations for fluid flow, heat transport, and solute transport. The code allows fluid viscosity and density to be functions of both temperature and solute concentration. The simulations use estimates for recharge to the mountain and a range of values and various distributions of permeability and porosity. Several sensitivity analyses are performed to test how the uncertainty in many of the model parameters affects the simulation results. These uncertainties yield an estimated range of travel times from the crater lake to the Rio Agrio springs of 1-30 years, which is in close agreement with the results of tritium analyses of the springs. Calculated groundwater fluxes into and out of the crater lake are both about several hundred kg/s. These fluxes must be accounted for in water budgets of the crater lake. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOSCI,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. RP SANFORD, WE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MAIL STOP 431,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 64 IS 3-4 BP 269 EP 293 DI 10.1016/0377-0273(94)00080-Z PG 25 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA QR352 UT WOS:A1995QR35200006 ER PT J AU CORNELIUS, RR VOIGHT, B AF CORNELIUS, RR VOIGHT, B TI GRAPHICAL AND PC-SOFTWARE ANALYSIS OF VOLCANO ERUPTION PRECURSORS ACCORDING TO THE MATERIALS FAILURE FORECAST METHOD (FFM) SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MOUNT ST-HELENS; REAL-TIME; PREDICTION; AMPLITUDE; TREMOR AB The Materials Failure Forecasting Method for volcanic eruptions (FFM) analyses the rate of precursory phenomena. Time of eruption onset is derived from the time of ''failure'' implied by accelerating rate of deformation. The approach attempts to fit data, OMEGA, to the differential relationship OMEGA = AOMEGA, where the dot superscript represents the time derivative, and the data OMEGA may be any of several parameters describing the accelerating deformation or energy release of the volcanic system. Rate coefficients, A and alpha, may be derived from appropriate data sets to provide an estimate of time to ''failure''. As the method is still an experimental technique, it should be used with appropriate judgment during times of volcanic crisis. Limitations of the approach are identified and discussed. Several kinds of eruption precursory phenomena, all simulating accelerating creep during the mechanical deformation of the system, can be used with FFM. Among these are tilt data, slope-distance measurements, crater fault movements and seismicity. The use of seismic coda, seismic amplitude-derived energy release and time-integrated amplitudes or coda lengths are examined. Usage of cumulative coda length directly has some practical advantages to more rigorously derived parameters, and RSAM and SSAM technologies appear to be well suited to real-time applications. One graphical and four numerical techniques of applying FFM are discussed. The graphical technique is based on an inverse representation of rate versus time. For alpha = 2, the inverse rate plot is linear; it is concave upward for alpha < 2 and concave downward for alpha > 2. The eruption time is found by simple extrapolation of the data set toward the time axis. Three numerical techniques are based on linear least-squares fits to linearized data sets. The ''linearized least-squares technique'' is most robust and is expected to be the most practical numerical technique. This technique is based on an iterative linearization of the given rate-time series. The hindsight technique is disadvantaged by a bias favouring a too early eruption time in foresight applications. The ''log rate versus log acceleration technique'', utilizing a logarithmic representation of the fundamental differential equation, is disadvantaged by large data scatter after interpolation of accelerations. One further numerical technique, a nonlinear least-squares fit to rate data, requires special and more complex software. PC-oriented computer codes were developed for data manipulation, application of the three linearizing numerical methods, and curve fitting. Separate software is required for graphing purposes. All three linearizing techniques facilitate an eruption window based on a data envelope according to the linear least-squares fit, at a specific level of confidence, and an estimated rate at time of failure. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOSCI,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. US GEOL SURVEY,IGNEOUS & GEOTHERMAL PROC,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 44 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 64 IS 3-4 BP 295 EP 320 DI 10.1016/0377-0273(94)00078-U PG 26 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA QR352 UT WOS:A1995QR35200007 ER PT J AU WOOD, TM BAPTISTA, AM KUWABARA, JS FLEGAL, AR AF WOOD, TM BAPTISTA, AM KUWABARA, JS FLEGAL, AR TI DIAGNOSTIC MODELING OF TRACE-METAL PARTITIONING IN SOUTH SAN-FRANCISCO BAY SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID HUMIC SUBSTANCES; AQUATIC SYSTEMS; ORGANIC-MATTER; COPPER; COMPLEXATION; ADSORPTION; SEAWATER; ESTUARY; CONTAMINATION; CONSTANTS AB The two-dimensional numerical model ELAmet was used to investigate the effect of adsorption kinetics on the apparent distribution coefficients of Cu, Cd, and Zn in south San Francisco Bay, California. The numerical experiments were designed to determine whether adsorption kinetics can control the basin-scale variability of the observed partitioning and to define the conditions under which adsorption kinetics could account for strong interannual variability in partitioning. The numerical results indicate that aqueous speciation will control basin-scale spatial variations in the apparent distribution coefficient, K-d(a), if the system is close to equilibrium. However, basin-scale spatial variations in K-d(a) are determined by the location of the sources of metal and the suspended solids concentration of the receiving water if the system is far from equilibrium. The overall spatial variability in K-d(a) also increases as the system moves away from equilibrium. C1 OREGON GRAD INST SCI & TECHNOL,CTR COASTAL & LAND MARGIN RES,PORTLAND,OR 97006. OREGON GRAD INST SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI & ENGN,PORTLAND,OR 97006. US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,MENLO PK,CA 94025. UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95064. OI Kuwabara, James/0000-0003-2502-1601 NR 45 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPH PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 40 IS 2 BP 345 EP 358 PG 14 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA QZ608 UT WOS:A1995QZ60800014 ER PT J AU PLOTKIN, PT BYLES, RA ROSTAL, DC OWENS, DW AF PLOTKIN, PT BYLES, RA ROSTAL, DC OWENS, DW TI INDEPENDENT VERSUS SOCIALLY FACILITATED OCEANIC MIGRATIONS OF THE OLIVE RIDLEY, LEPIDOCHELYS OLIVACEA SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TURTLE CARETTA-CARETTA AB Sea turtles migrate between feeding and nesting areas that are often geographically separated by hundreds or thousands of kilometers. Observations of their aggregations at sea and at nesting beaches have led to the hypothesis that sea turtles migrate in socially structured groups. While this migratory strategy is common to many marine vertebrates, socially facilitated behavior is not well documented in testudines. In 1990 and 1991, we attached satellite transmitters to olive ridleys (Lepidochelys olivacea Eschscholtz) found ovipositing together during a mass nesting at Nancite Beach, Costa Rica, to determine whether they migrate independently or in groups after they leave the nesting beach. Results showed that the turtles were not spatially associated during the internesting period, were capable of re-establishing themselves as a group during a subsequent nesting emergence, and were not spatially associated during their postnesting migrations to oceanic feeding areas. We suggested that what appear to be socially structured groups of L. olivacea are in fact individual turtles simultaneously using the same habitat. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT BIOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87103. NR 27 TC 33 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 122 IS 1 BP 137 EP 143 DI 10.1007/BF00349287 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA QR413 UT WOS:A1995QR41300016 ER PT J AU BOHOR, BF GLASS, BP AF BOHOR, BF GLASS, BP TI ORIGIN AND DIAGENESIS OF K/T IMPACT SPHERULES - FROM HAITI TO WYOMING AND BEYOND SO METEORITICS LA English DT Article ID CRETACEOUS-TERTIARY BOUNDARY; ALTERED MICROTEKTITES; WESTERN INTERIOR; SPHEROIDS; CLAY; GLASS; SITE; CONSTRAINTS; SEDIMENTS; BEARING AB Impact spherules in Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/T) boundary clays and claystones consist of two types; each type is confined to its own separate layer of the boundary couplet in the Western Hemisphere. The form and composition of each of the spherule types result from its own unique mode of origin during the K/T event. Type 1 splash-form spherules occur only in the melt-ejecta (basal) layer of the K/T couplet. This layer was deposited from a ballistic ejecta curtain composed of melt-glass droplets transported mostly within the atmosphere. In contrast, Type 2 spherules are accreted, partially crystalline, spheroidal bodies that formed by condensation of vaporized bolide and target-rock materials in an expanding fireball cloud, from which they settled out of buoyant suspension to form the fireball layer. Dendritic and skeletal Ni-rich spinel crystals are unique to these Type 2 spherules in the fireball layer. Compositions of relict glasses found in Type 1 K/T spherules from Haiti indicate that they were derived from intermediate silicic target rocks. These melt-glass droplets were deposited into an aqueous environment at both continental and marine sites. We propose that the surfaces of the hot melt droplets hydrated rapidly in water and that these hydrated glass rims then altered to palagonite. Subsequent alteration of the palagonite rims to smectite, glauconite, chlorite, kaolinite, or goyazite occurred later during various modes of progressive diagenesis, accompanied by dissolution of some of the glass cores in spherules from continental sections and from marine sections that were subsequently raised above sea level. In many of the nonmarine sections in the Western Interior, the glass cores altered to kaolinite instead of dissolving. Directly comparable spherule morphologies (splash forms), textural features of the altered shells, and scalloping and grooving of relict glass cores or secondary casts demonstrate that the Haitian and Wyoming spherules are equivalent altered Type 1 melt-droplet bodies. The spherules at both locations were deposited in a melt-ejecta layer as part of the K/T impact event. Previously, two types of relict impact glasses had been identified in the Haitian spherule beds: black glass of andesitic composition and high-Ca yellow glass with an unusually high S content. Most workers agree that the latter probably formed by impact melting and mixing of surficial carbonate (and minor anhydrite) rocks with the more deeply-buried crystalline parent rocks of the black glasses. However, some workers have suggested that an intermediate compositional gap exists between the two groups of glasses, implying a different origin than simple mixing of end members during impact. We report glass compositional analyses with values extending throughout this intermediate range, lending support to the impact mixing model. Inclusions of CaSO4 found by us in relict yellow glasses further support this model. C1 UNIV DELAWARE,DEPT GEOL,NEWARK,DE 19716. RP BOHOR, BF (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,BOX 25046,MS 972,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 74 TC 86 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 5 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 SN 0026-1114 J9 METEORITICS JI Meteoritics PD MAR PY 1995 VL 30 IS 2 BP 182 EP 198 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QN084 UT WOS:A1995QN08400005 ER PT J AU BLOME, CD REED, KM AF BLOME, CD REED, KM TI RADIOLARIAN BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE QUINN RIVER FORMATION, BLACK ROCK TERRANE, NORTH-CENTRAL NEVADA - CORRELATIONS WITH EASTERN KLAMATH TERRANE GEOLOGY SO MICROPALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL OREGON; CALIFORNIA; ARC AB The Quinn River Formation, Black Rock terrane, Quinn River Crossing, is one of the few Nevadan sections of Permian and Triassic strata that are unaffected by Sonoman deformation. The formation consists of: (1) a basal tuff overlain by limestone and ferruginous dolomite, (2) interbedded radiolarian-bearing chert and argillite, (3) siltstone and carbonaceous shale, and (4) partly volcaniclastic rocks that include siltstone, shale, and minor sandstone and radiolarian-bearing argillite. Disconformities separate the dolomite from the radiolarian chert and the chert from the siltstone and shale. Abrupt lithologic and faunal changes indicate that the partly volcaniclastic unit is faulted. All but the uppermost (barren) chert samples contain Late Permian (Abadehian and Djulfian) radiolarian taxa belonging to Albaillella, Deflandrella, Ishigaum, Neoalbaillella, and Triplanospongos. These radiolarians suggest that early Wordian conodonts reported from near the top of the chert and argillite unit are reworked. Poorly preserved Early(?) or Middle Triassic radiolarians and Middle Triassic ammonites and pectenacid bivalves from the middle part of the volcaniclastic unit indicate that Early Triassic deposition cannot be documented at the Quinn River locality. Late Triassic (early to middle Carnian) radiolarians assignable to the Triassocampe nova Assemblage Zone of Yao occur about 21 meters below the top of the Quinn River section; diagnostic genera include Castrum, Corum, Poulpus, Pseudostylosphaera, Triassocampe, and Xipha. The ages of the Quinn River brachiopod, conodont, and radiolarian faunas resemble those of the Dekkas and Pit Formations, eastern Klamath terrane, northern California. The Early Triassic age for the lower part of the Pit Formation is questioned because the unit contains only unidentifiable ''primitive'' radiolarians and long-ranging (Late Permian and Early Triassic) neogondolellid conodonts. The analogous Quinn River and eastern Klamath rock types and faunal ages, as well as similar hiatuses in their stratigraphic records, suggest that they may be lateral equivalents that formed in the same island-are sedimentary basin. C1 WASHINGTON DIV GEOL & EARTH RESOURCES,OLYMPIA,WA 98504. RP BLOME, CD (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,MS 919,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 73 TC 24 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU MICROPALEONTOLOGY PRESS PI NEW YORK PA AMER MUSEUM NAT HISTORY 79TH ST AT CENTRAL PARK WEST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 SN 0026-2803 J9 MICROPALEONTOLOGY JI Micropaleontology PD SPR PY 1995 VL 41 IS 1 BP 49 EP 68 DI 10.2307/1485881 PG 20 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA QY694 UT WOS:A1995QY69400002 ER PT J AU WAYCHUNAS, GA XU, N FULLER, CC DAVIS, JA BIGHAM, JM AF WAYCHUNAS, GA XU, N FULLER, CC DAVIS, JA BIGHAM, JM TI XAS STUDY OF ASO43- AND SEO42- SUBSTITUTED SCHWERTMANNITES SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS VIII) CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 1994 CL FREIE UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY SP BESSY, FRITZ HABER INST, HAHN MEITNER INST BERLIN HO FREIE UNIV BERLIN ID SURFACE AB Synthetic schwertmannite samples with varying amounts of arsenate and selenate substituting for sulfate were examined by XAS methods in an attempt to characterize the location of the anion complexes. Selenate appears to both substitute directly for sulfate within tunnels in the structure, and sorb onto the outside of crystallites. No disruption of the basic structure appears with selenate substitution. However, arsenate appears mainly to sorb to the outside of crystallites, destabilizing the structure and poisoning growth. C1 US GEOL SURVEY, DIV WATER RESOURCES, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. OHIO STATE UNIV, DEPT AGRON, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA. RP WAYCHUNAS, GA (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV, CTR MAT RES, STANFORD, CA 94305 USA. OI Fuller, Christopher/0000-0002-2354-8074 NR 4 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAR PY 1995 VL 208 IS 1-4 BP 481 EP 483 DI 10.1016/0921-4526(94)00730-J PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA QP961 UT WOS:A1995QP96100189 ER PT J AU MOLNIA, BF POST, A AF MOLNIA, BF POST, A TI HOLOCENE HISTORY OF BERING GLACIER, ALASKA - A PRELUDE TO THE 1993-1994 SURGE SO PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article AB Within the last few centuries, Bering Glacier, the largest and longest glacier in continental North America, began to retreat from its Neoglacial maximum position. This position also represents the Holocene maximum extent of the glacier. For much of the period between 8000 yr B.P. and about 1500 yr B.P., the Bering Glacier was in a retracted position, although a readvance may have occurred about 5000 yr B.P. A major readvance began about 1500 yr B.P., culminating with the glacier reaching its Holocene maximum extent between 1000 and 500 years ago. During the last millennium, the glacier margin fluctuated near this maximum position, only beginning to retreat within the last 100-200 years. This century, the recession from the Neoglacial maximum position has been interrupted by at least six surges that have displaced parts of the glacier's terminus forward. Prior to the latest surge, beginning in 1993, retreat resulted in the net loss of more than 130 km(2) of glacier in the terminus region, as much as 12 km of ice-marginal retreat from the Neoglacial end moraine, and as much as 180 m of glacier thinning. Stagnation, continued thinning, and the resumption of recession follow the completion of each surge. Following the end of the last complete surge in 1967, parts of the glacier entered a phase of drastic retreat, receding as much as 10.7 km. As with past retreat phases, this rapid retreat has been interrupted by the surge that began in 1993. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,VASHON,WA 98070. RP MOLNIA, BF (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,OFF INT GEOL,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 37 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 2 PU V H WINSTON & SONS INC PI SILVER SPRING PA 7961 EASTERN AVE, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 SN 0272-3646 J9 PHYS GEOGR JI Phys. Geogr. PD MAR-APR PY 1995 VL 16 IS 2 BP 87 EP 117 PG 31 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RM151 UT WOS:A1995RM15100001 ER PT J AU MUHS, DR HOLLIDAY, VT AF MUHS, DR HOLLIDAY, VT TI EVIDENCE OF ACTIVE DUNE SAND ON THE GREAT-PLAINS IN THE 19TH-CENTURY FROM ACCOUNTS OF EARLY EXPLORERS SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COLORADO AB Eolian sand is extensive over the Great Plains of North America, but is at present mostly stabilized by vegetation. Accounts published by early explorers, however, indicate that at least parts of dune fields in Nebraska, Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, and Texas were active in the 19th century. Based on an index of dune mobility and a regional tree-ring record, the probable causes for these periods of greater eolian activity are droughts, accompanied by higher temperatures, which greatly lowered the precipitation-to-evapotranspiration ratio and diminished the cover of stabilizing vegetation. In addition, observations by several explorers, and previous historical studies, indicate that rivers upwind of Great Plains dune fields had shallow, braided, sandy channels, as well as intermittent flow in the 19th century. Wide, braided, sandy rivers that were frequently dry would have increased sand supplies to active dune fields. We conclude that dune fields in the Great Plains are extremely sensitive to climate change and that the potential for reactivation of stabilized dunes in the future is high, with or without greenhouse warming. (C) 1995 University of Washington. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT GEOG,MADISON,WI 53706. RP MUHS, DR (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,CTR FED,MS 974,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 52 TC 118 Z9 124 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 43 IS 2 BP 198 EP 208 DI 10.1006/qres.1995.1020 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA QP688 UT WOS:A1995QP68800009 ER PT J AU HARRINGTON, CD WHITNEY, JW AF HARRINGTON, CD WHITNEY, JW TI EVIDENCE SUGGESTING THAT METHODS OF ROCK-VARNISH CATION-RATIO DATING ARE NEITHER COMPARABLE NOR CONSISTENTLY RELIABLE - COMMENT SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Letter C1 US GEOL SURVEY,CTR FED,DENVER,CO 80225. RP HARRINGTON, CD (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV EARTH & ENVIRONM SCI,MS D462,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 43 IS 2 BP 268 EP 271 DI 10.1006/qres.1995.1030 PG 4 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA QP688 UT WOS:A1995QP68800019 ER PT J AU NEWHALL, C PUNONGBAYAN, R AF NEWHALL, C PUNONGBAYAN, R TI PINATUBO - CHRONICLE OF A CATASTROPHE FORETOLD SO RECHERCHE LA French DT Article ID MOUNT PINATUBO; EXCITATION; RAYLEIGH; WAVES C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,US GEOL SURVEY,SEATTLE,WA. PHILIPPINE INST VOLCANOL & SISMOL,QUEZON,PHILIPPINES. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC ED SCIENTIFIQUES PI PARIS 06 PA 57 RUE DE SEINE, 75280 PARIS 06, FRANCE SN 0029-5671 J9 RECHERCHE JI Recherche PD MAR PY 1995 VL 26 IS 274 BP 310 EP 313 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA QK054 UT WOS:A1995QK05400012 ER PT J AU FRITTS, SH CARBYN, LN AF FRITTS, SH CARBYN, LN TI POPULATION VIABILITY, NATURE-RESERVES, AND THE OUTLOOK FOR GRAY WOLF CONSERVATION IN NORTH-AMERICA SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Review ID NATIONAL-PARKS; CANIS-LUPUS; GENETIC-VARIABILITY; TELL US; MINNESOTA; SIZES; MANAGEMENT; DISPERSAL; MAMMALS; WOLVES AB Theoretical work on population viability and extinction probabilities, empirical data from Canis lupus (gray wolf) populations, and expert opinion provide only general and conflicting conclusions about the number of wolves and the size of areas needed for conservation of wolf populations. There is no threshold population size or proven reserve design that guarantees long-term (century or more) survival for a gray wolf population. Most theoretical analyses of population viability have assumed a single, isolated population and lack of management intervention, neither of which is likely for wolves. Data on survival of actual wolf populations suggest greater resiliency than is indicated by theory. In our view, the previous theoretical treatments of population viability have not been appropriate to wolves, have contributed little to their conservation, and have created unnecessary dilemmas for wolf recovery programs by overstating the required population size. Nonetheless, viability as commonly understood may be problematic for small populations at the fringe of or outside the contiguous species range, unless they are part of a metapopulation. The capability of existing nature reserves to support viable wolf populations appears related to a variety of in situ circumstances, including size, shape and topography of the reserve; productivity, numbers, dispersion, and seasonal movement of prey; extent of poaching inside; degree of persecution outside; exposure to enzootica; attitudes of local people; and proximity to other wolf populations. We estimate that a population of 100 or more wolves and a reserve of several thousand square kilometers may be necessary to maintain a viable population in complete isolation, although 3000 km(2) or even 500-1000 km(2) may be adequate under favorable circumstances. In most cases, management intervention is probably necessary to assure the viability of relatively small, isolated populations. Because most reserves may be inadequate by themselves to ensure the long-term survival of wolf populations, favorable human attitudes toward the species and its management must be recognized as paramount, and cooperation of neighboring management jurisdictions will be increasingly important. C1 CANADIAN WILDLIFE SERV, EDMONTON, AB T6B 2X3, CANADA. RP FRITTS, SH (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, 100 N PK, SUITE 320, HELENA, MT 59601 USA. NR 107 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 9 U2 51 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 EI 1526-100X J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 3 IS 1 BP 26 EP 38 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.1995.tb00072.x PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RB386 UT WOS:A1995RB38600004 ER PT J AU POPPE, LJ COMMEAU, JA LUEPKE, G AF POPPE, LJ COMMEAU, JA LUEPKE, G TI SILT FRACTION HEAVY-MINERAL DISTRIBUTIONS IN A LATERITIC ENVIRONMENT - THE RIVERS AND INSULAR SHELF OF NORTH-CENTRAL PUERTO-RICO SO SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GOLD AB Mineralogical studies of sediments from the rivers and insular shelf in north-central Puerto Rico examine the effects of lateritic weathering and assess the silt fraction for economically important heavy minerals. This fraction, which is enriched in heavy minerals relative to the sand fraction, is mainly detrital but contains a strong authigenic component. The detrital silt heavy-mineral fraction in the rivers is dominated by an amphibole-garnet-pyroxene epidote assemblage. Amphiboles are more abundant in the Rio Cibuco; pyroxenes are more abundant in the Rio de la Plata; and epidote and ilmenite are more abundant in the Rio Grande de Manati. The authigenic silt heavy-mineral fraction is largely a product of the lateritic weathering and dominated by iron oxides and alterites. Grains of bladed rutile and leached ilmenite are common. Spatial variability in silt-fraction mineralogy is considerable. Within the Rio Cibuco system variability is related to compositional differences in rapidly eroding source rocks. On the shelf, silt heavy-mineral abundances are greatest at the river mouths and decrease seaward. Variability in the shelf samples is controlled primarily by source rivers and shelf sorting processes. Compositional differences exist between the silt heavy-mineral assemblages in the rivers and the shelf, and between the heavy-mineral assemblages in the silt- and sand-sized fractions from these areas. Minerals of economic importance that occur in the silt fraction within the study area include cerargyrite, chromite, gold, magnetite, and rutile. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94045. RP POPPE, LJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,QUISSETT LABS,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0037-0738 J9 SEDIMENT GEOL JI Sediment. Geol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 95 IS 3-4 BP 251 EP 268 DI 10.1016/0037-0738(94)00114-A PG 18 WC Geology SC Geology GA QN093 UT WOS:A1995QN09300006 ER PT J AU CONSTANTZ, J AF CONSTANTZ, J TI DETERMINATION OF WATER-RETENTION IN STRATIFIED POROUS MATERIALS SO TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Effective Constitutive Laws in Heterogeneous Porous Media, at the American-Geophysical-Union 1992 Fall Meeting, Special Session of the Hydrology Section of the AGU CY DEC, 1992 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Geophys Union DE SOILS; LAYERS; MOISTURE; WATER RETENTION ID DRAINAGE AB Predicted and measured water-retention values, theta(psi), were compared for repacked, stratified core samples consisting of either a sand with a stone-bearing layer or a sand with a clay loam layer in various spatial orientations. Stratified core samples were packed in submersible pressure outflow cells, then water-retention measurements were performed between matric potentials, psi, of 0 to - 100 kPa. Predictions of theta(psi) were based on a simple volume-averaging model using estimates of the relative fraction and theta(psi) values of each textural component within a stratified sample. In general, predicted theta(psi) curves resembled measured curves well, except at higher saturations in a sample consisting of a clay loam layer over a sand layer. In this case, the model averaged the air-entry of both materials, while the air-entry of the sample was controlled by the clay loam in contact with the cell's air-pressure inlet. In situ, avenues for air-entry generally exist around clay layers, so that the model should adequately predict air-entry for stratified formations regardless of spatial orientation of fine versus coarse layers. Agreement between measured and predicted volumetric water contents, theta, was variable though encouraging, with mean differences between measured and predicted theta values in the range of 10%. Differences in theta of this magnitude are expected due to variability in pore structure between samples, and do not indicate inherent problems with the volume averaging model. This suggets that explicit modeling of stratified formations through detailed characterization of the stratigraphy has the potential of yielding accurate theta(psi) values. However, hydraulic-equilibration times were distinctly different for each variation in spatial orientation of textural layering, indicating that transient behavior during drainage in stratified formations is highly sensitive to the stratigraphic sequence of textural components, as well as the volume fraction of each textural component in a formation. This indicates that prolonged residence times of water, nutrients, and pollutants are likely within finer-textured layers, when psi conditions have resulted in drainage of underlying coarser-textured strata. RP CONSTANTZ, J (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-3913 J9 TRANSPORT POROUS MED JI Transp. Porous Media PD MAR PY 1995 VL 18 IS 3 BP 217 EP 229 DI 10.1007/BF00616932 PG 13 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA RM906 UT WOS:A1995RM90600003 ER PT J AU COOK, PG SOLOMON, DK PLUMMER, LN BUSENBERG, E SCHIFF, SL AF COOK, PG SOLOMON, DK PLUMMER, LN BUSENBERG, E SCHIFF, SL TI CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS AS TRACERS OF GROUNDWATER TRANSPORT PROCESSES IN A SHALLOW, SILTY SAND AQUIFER SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HYDROLOGIC TRACERS; CENTRAL ONTARIO; DATING TOOLS; CCL2F2; SYSTEM; CCL3F; WATER; CHLOROFLUOROMETHANES; FLUOROCARBONS; RECHARGE AB Detailed depth profiles of chlorofluorocarbons CFC-11 (CFCl3), CFC-12 (CF2Cl2) and CFC-113 (C2F3Cl3) have been obtained from a well-characterized field site in central Ontario. Aquifer materials comprise predominantly silty sands, with a mean organic carbon content of 0.03%. Nearly one-dimensional flow exists at this site, and the vertical migration of a well-defined H-3 peak has been tracked through time. Detailed vertical sampling has allowed CFC tracer velocities to be estimated to within 10%. Comparison with H-3 profiles enables estimation of chlorofluorocarbon transport parameters. CFC-12 appears to be the most conservative of the CFCs measured. Sorption at this site is low (K-d < 0.03), and degradation does not appear to be important. CFC-113 is retarded both with respect to CFC-12 and with respect to H-3 (K-d = 0.09-0.14). CFC-11 appears to be degraded both in the highly organic unsaturated zone and below 3.5 m depth in the aquifer, where dissolved oxygen concentrations decrease to below 0.5 mg L(-1). The half-life for CFC-11 degradation below 3.5 m depth is less than 2 years. While apparent CFC-12 ages match hydraulic ages to within 20% (up to 30 years), apparent CFC-11 and CFC-113 ages significantly overestimate hydraulic ages at our field site. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,RESTON,VA 22092. UNIV WATERLOO,CTR GROUNDWATER RES,WATERLOO,ON N2L 3G1,CANADA. COLL MINES & EARTH SCI,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84112. RI Cook, Peter/H-3606-2011; Solomon, Douglas/C-7951-2016; OI Solomon, Douglas/0000-0001-6370-7124; Plummer, L. Niel/0000-0002-4020-1013 NR 37 TC 105 Z9 112 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 31 IS 3 BP 425 EP 434 DI 10.1029/94WR02528 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA QL427 UT WOS:A1995QL42700001 ER PT J AU CLAASSEN, HC DOWNEY, JS AF CLAASSEN, HC DOWNEY, JS TI A MODEL FOR DEUTERIUM AND OXYGEN-18 ISOTOPE CHANGES DURING EVERGREEN INTERCEPTION OF SNOWFALL SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FRACTIONATION; O-18 AB A one-dimensional, physically based numerical model was constructed to describe the isotopic enrichment observed in throughfall of snow intercepted on evergreens. The process of enrichment is similar to that which results in formation of depth hear in snowpack. On-site data were obtained at a high-altitude (3500 m) watershed in the Colorado Rocky Mountains. The model includes the ambient atmospheric variables of temperature, relative humidity, and water vapor isotopic composition and the intercepted snow variables of temperature profile, permeability for viscous flux, and isotopic composition. Model simulations yield results similar to those observed on site and suggest that the process is dominated by diffusive flux despite the very high permeability of freshly fallen snow. Median enrichments were observed to be 2.1 parts per thousand in oxygen 18 and 13 parts per thousand in deuterium. RP CLAASSEN, HC (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DIV WATER RESOURCES,MS 412,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 44 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 31 IS 3 BP 601 EP 618 DI 10.1029/94WR01995 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA QL427 UT WOS:A1995QL42700014 ER PT J AU GEORGAKAKOS, KP BAE, DH CAYAN, DR AF GEORGAKAKOS, KP BAE, DH CAYAN, DR TI HYDROCLIMATOLOGY OF CONTINENTAL WATERSHEDS .1. TEMPORAL ANALYSES SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; REAL-TIME; TEMPERATURE; EVAPORATION; DROUGHT; SURFACE AB The linkage between meteorology/climate and hydrology of temperate latitude catchments on daily to decade time scales is studied. Detailed hydrology is provided by a hydrologic catchment model, adapted from the operational streamflow forecast model of the National Weather Service River Forecast System. The model is tuned to respond to observed daily precipitation and potential evaporation input. Results from the Bird Creek basin with outlet near Sperry, Oklahoma, and from the Boone River basin with outlet at Webster City, Iowa, indicate that the model quite accurately simulates the observed daily discharge over 40 years at each of the two 2000-km(2) basins. Daily cross-correlations between observed and simulated basin outflows were better than 0.8 for both basins over a 40-year historical period. Soil moisture variability over a period of four decades is studied, and an assessment of temporal and spatial (as related to the separation distance of the two basins) scales present in the estimated soil moisture record is made. Negative soil. water anomalies have larger magnitudes than positive anomalies, and comparison of the simulated soil water records of the two basins indicates spatial scales of variability that in several cases are as long as the interbasin distance. The temporal scales of soil water content are considerably longer than those of the forcing atmospheric variables for all seasons and both basins. Timescales of upper and total soil water content anomalies are typically 1 and 3 months, respectively. Linkage between the hydrologic components and both local and regional-to-hemispheric atmospheric variability is studied, both for atmosphere forcing hydrology and hydrology forcing atmosphere. For both basins, crosscorrelation analysis shows that local precipitation strongly forces soil water in the upper soil layers with a 10-day lag. There is no evidence of soil water feedback to local precipitation. However, significant cross-correlation values are obtained for upper soil water leading daily maximum temperature with 5-10 day lags, especially during periods of extremely high or low soil water content. Complementary results of a spatial hydroclimatic analysis are presented in a companion paper (Cayan and Georgakakos, this issue). C1 UNIV IOWA,IOWA INST HYDRAUL RES,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. USDA ARS,COLUMBIA PLATEAU CONSERVAT RES CTR,PENDLETON,OR 97801. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG,DIV CLIMATE RES,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,LA JOLLA,CA. RP GEORGAKAKOS, KP (reprint author), HYDROL RES CTR,12780 HIGH BLUFF DR,SUITE 260,SAN DIEGO,CA 92130, USA. NR 41 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 31 IS 3 BP 655 EP 675 DI 10.1029/94WR02375 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA QL427 UT WOS:A1995QL42700018 ER PT J AU CAYAN, DR GEORGAKAKOS, KP AF CAYAN, DR GEORGAKAKOS, KP TI HYDROCLIMATOLOGY OF CONTINENTAL WATERSHEDS .2. SPATIAL ANALYSES SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SOIL-MOISTURE; UNITED-STATES; AIR-TEMPERATURE; PERSISTENCE; ANOMALIES; MODEL AB We diagnose the spatial patterns and further examine temporal behavior of anomalous monthly-seasonal precipitation, temperature, and atmospheric circulation in relationship to hydrologic (soil water and potential evapotranspiration) fluctuations at two watersheds in the central United States. The bulk hydrologic balance at each of the two watersheds, Boone River, Iowa (BN), and Bird Creek, Oklahoma (BC), was determined from the rainfall-runoff-routing watershed model described in part 1. There are many similarities among the hydroclimatic linkages at the two basins. In both, relationships with precipitation and temperature indicate that the forcing occurs on regional scales, much larger than the individual watersheds. Precipitation exhibits anomaly variability over 500-km scales, and sometimes larger. Anomalous temperature, which is strongly correlated with potential evapotranspiration, often extends from the Great Plains to the Appalachian Mountains. Seasonally, the temperature and precipitation anomalies tend to have greatest spatial coherence in fall and least in summer. The temperature and precipitation tend to have out-of-phase anomalies (e.g., warm associated with dry). Thus low soil water conditions are reinforced by low precipitation and high potential evapotranspiration, and vice versa for high soil water. Soil water anomalies in each basin accumulate over a history of significant large-scale climate forcing that usually appears one or two seasons in advance. These forcing fields are produced by atmospheric circulation anomaly patterns that often take on hemispheric scales. BN and BC have strong similarities in their monthly circulation patterns producing heavy/light monthly precipitation episodes, the primary means of forcing of the watersheds. The patterns exhibit regional high or low geopotential anomalies just upstream over the western United States or near the center of the country. The regional circulation features are often part of a train, with teleconnections upstream over the North Pacific and downstream over the North Atlantic/Eurasia sector. Synoptic scale events exhibit very similar patterns to the monthly circulations, only more intense. C1 HYDROL RES CTR,SAN DIEGO,CA 92130. US GEOL SURVEY,SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG,DIV WATER RESOURCES,LA JOLLA,CA. UNIV IOWA,IOWA INST HYDRAUL RES,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 31 IS 3 BP 677 EP 697 DI 10.1029/94WR02376 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA QL427 UT WOS:A1995QL42700019 ER PT J AU HURT, GW BROWN, RB AF HURT, GW BROWN, RB TI DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF HYDRIC SOIL INDICATORS IN FLORIDA SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE HYDRIC SOILS; HYDRIC SOIL INDICATORS; HYDRIC SOIL DEFINITION; HYDRIC SOIL CRITERIA; SOIL MORPHOLOGY; SEASONAL HIGH WATER TABLE; FLORIDA AB The hydric soil definition and hydric soil criteria are often insufficient for use in held identification/delineation of hydric soils. This paper traces the experiences soil scientists and other wetland scientists had in Florida to properly identify, understand, and use hydric soil indicators to identify those soils that fit both the hydric soil definition and the hydric soil criteria. The hydric soil indicators that properly identify soils that fit the definition and criteria in Florida are as follows: hydrogen sulfide, organic bodies, stratified layers, muck, mucky texture, dark surface, stripped matrix, redox concentrations, gleyed matrix, depleted matrix, iron manganese masses, umbric epipedon, thick mollic epipedon, or marl. Exact thicknesses, depths, percentages, and colors that are required for each of the hydric soil indicators have been developed. Because of the knowledge gained from intense observations of morphological features in soils for hydric soil determinations scientists were able to transfer this technological ability to include the estimation of seasonal high water tables for all soils in Florida. RP HURT, GW (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,DOI NWI,ST PETERSBURG,FL 33702, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD MAR PY 1995 VL 15 IS 1 BP 74 EP 81 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QP679 UT WOS:A1995QP67900009 ER PT J AU PRELLWITZ, DM ERICKSON, KM OSBORNE, LM AF PRELLWITZ, DM ERICKSON, KM OSBORNE, LM TI TRANSLOCATION OF PIPING PLOVER NESTS TO PREVENT NEST FLOODING SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE CHARADRIUS MELODUS; MONTANA; NEST RELOCATION; PIPING PLOVER; THREATENED RP PRELLWITZ, DM (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,BOWDOIN NATL WILDLIFE REFUGE,HC 65,BOX 5700,MALTA,MT 59538, USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 1995 VL 23 IS 1 BP 103 EP 106 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA QN709 UT WOS:A1995QN70900024 ER PT J AU MARINSKY, JA REDDY, MM EPHRAIM, JH MATHUTHU, AS AF MARINSKY, JA REDDY, MM EPHRAIM, JH MATHUTHU, AS TI COMPUTATIONAL SCHEME FOR THE PREDICTION OF METAL-ION BINDING BY A SOIL FULVIC-ACID SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE FULVIC ACIDS; COMPUTATIONAL SCHEME; METAL ION BINDING PREDICTION ID NATURAL ORGANIC-ACIDS; POLY-ELECTROLYTE PROPERTIES; UNIFIED PHYSICOCHEMICAL DESCRIPTION; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; COMPLEXATION EQUILIBRIA; AFFINITY DISTRIBUTIONS; PROTONATION EQUILIBRIA; CATION BINDING; LIGAND SYSTEMS; MODEL AB The dissociation and metal ion binding properties of a soil fulvic acid have been characterized. Information thus gained was used to compensate for salt and site heterogeneity effects in metal ion complexation by the fulvic acid. An earlier computational scheme has been modified by incorporating an additional step which improves the accuracy of metal ion speciation estimates. An algorithm is employed for the prediction of metal ion binding by organic acid constituents of natural waters (once the organic acid is characterized in terms of functional group identity and abundance). The approach discussed here, currently used with a spreadsheet program on a personal computer, is conceptually envisaged to be compatible with computer programs available for ion binding by inorganic ligands in natural waters. C1 LINKOPING UNIV,DEPT WATER & ENVIRONM STUDIES,S-58183 LINKOPING,SWEDEN. SUNY BUFFALO,DEPT CHEM,BUFFALO,NY 14214. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,LAKEWOOD,CO 80225. UNIV ZIMBABWE,DEPT CHEM,HARARE,ZIMBABWE. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD FEB 20 PY 1995 VL 302 IS 2-3 BP 309 EP 322 DI 10.1016/0003-2670(94)00491-4 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA QH032 UT WOS:A1995QH03200022 ER PT J AU STEVENSON, RJ WHITE, KD AF STEVENSON, RJ WHITE, KD TI A COMPARISON OF NATURAL AND HUMAN DETERMINANTS OF PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITIES IN THE KENTUCKY RIVER BASIN, USA SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE PHYTOPLANKTON; CELL DENSITIES; CHL A; TAXONOMIC COMPOSITION; RIVERS; KENTUCKY; STREAM SIZE; LAND USE; NUTRIENTS ID SEASONAL SUCCESSION; ALGAE; POLLUTION; DYNAMICS; GRADIENT; BELGIUM AB Physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the Kentucky River and its tributaries were assessed for one year to compare effects of seasonal, spatial, and human environmental factors on phytoplankton. Phytoplankton cell densities were highest in the fall and summer and lowest in the winter. Cell densities averaged 1162 (+/- 289 SE) cells ml(-1). Cell densities were positively correlated to water temperature and negatively correlated to dissolved oxygen concentration and to factors associated with high-flow conditions (such as, suspended sediment concentrations). Chrysophytes, diatoms, and blue-green algae dominated winter, spring, and summer assemblages, respectively. Ordination analyses (DCCA) indicated that variation in taxonomic composition of assemblages was associated with stream size as well as season. Spatial variation in phytoplankton assemblages and effects of humans was investigated by sampling 55 sites in low flow conditions during August. Phytoplankton density increased with stream size. Assemblages shifted in composition from those dominated by benthic diatoms upstream to downstream communities dominated by blue-green algae and small flagellates. Human impacts were assumed to cause higher algal densities in stream basins with high proportions of agricultural or urban land use than in basins with forested/mined land use. While density and composition of phytoplankton were positively correlated to agricultural land use, they were poorly correlated to nutrient concentrations. Phytoplankton diversity changed with water quality: decreasing with nutrient enrichment and increasing with conditions that probably changed species composition or inhibited algal growth. Human impacts on phytoplankton in running water ecosystems were as great or greater than effects by natural seasonal and spatial factors. Our results indicated that phytoplankton could be useful indicators of water quality and ecosystem integrity in large river systems. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,LOUISVILLE,KY 40217. RP STEVENSON, RJ (reprint author), UNIV LOUISVILLE,DEPT BIOL,LOUISVILLE,KY 40292, USA. NR 35 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 13 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD FEB 17 PY 1995 VL 297 IS 3 BP 201 EP 216 DI 10.1007/BF00019285 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA QJ795 UT WOS:A1995QJ79500003 ER PT J AU EVANS, JR JULIAN, BR FOULGER, GR ROSS, A AF EVANS, JR JULIAN, BR FOULGER, GR ROSS, A TI SHEAR-WAVE SPLITTING FROM LOCAL EARTHQUAKES AT THE GEYSERS GEOTHERMAL-FIELD, CALIFORNIA SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Shear-wave splitting from local microearthquakes recorded in The Geysers geothermal field shows that seismic anisotropy is distributed in a complex geographic pattern. At stations within about 2 km of northwest-striking regional faults, the fast polarization direction is parallel to those faults. The geothermal field, lying between two such faults, has both northwest and northeast fast polarization directions, often at the same station. This pattern suggests at least two causes of splitting: (1) extensive dilatancy anisotropy (EDA) and (2) fault-produced fractures or rock fabric. The observed anisotropy may derive from the upper 1.5 km of the crust, averaging 4% there, or it may be heterogeneously distributed throughout the upper 5 km. Fast polarization directions coincide with fracture directions inferred from borehole data for one of the youngest rock types in the region, a felsite pluton of about 1 Ma, and with injectate pathways inferred from microseismicity and geochemistry. Including in reservoir models a permeability anisotropy with a pattern similar to seismic anisotropy may help in optimizing fluid injection and steam recovery. C1 UNIV DURHAM,DEPT GEOL SCI,DURHAM DH1 3LE,ENGLAND. RP EVANS, JR (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MS-977,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 15 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 1995 VL 22 IS 4 BP 501 EP 504 DI 10.1029/94GL03295 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA QJ265 UT WOS:A1995QJ26500045 ER PT J AU BEARDSLEY, RC CANDELA, J LIMEBURNER, R GEYER, WR LENTZ, SJ CASTRO, BM CACCHIONE, D CARNEIRO, N AF BEARDSLEY, RC CANDELA, J LIMEBURNER, R GEYER, WR LENTZ, SJ CASTRO, BM CACCHIONE, D CARNEIRO, N TI THE M(2) TIDE ON THE AMAZON SHELF SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; INSTRUMENT SYSTEM; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; OCEAN; CURRENTS; ENERGETICS; DYNAMICS; ESTUARY; CHANNEL; MODEL AB As part of A Multidisciplinary Amazon Shelf Sediment Study (AMASSEDS), moored and shipboard current measurements made over the Amazon shelf during 1990-1991 have been analyzed to determine the dominant semidiurnal tidal constituent, the M(2). These results have been combined with coastal sea level data from within the Amazon and Para Rivers, the adjacent shelf, and with satellite-derived tidal elevation data from off the shelf to provide a more complete description of the M(2) tide in this complex river/shelf system. Near the Amazon River mouth the M(2) tide propagates across the shelf and through the mouth as a damped progressive wave, with its amplitude decreasing and phase increasing upriver. Over the adjacent shelf north of Cabo Norte, the M(2) tide approaches a damped standing wave, with large amplitudes (greater than 1.5 m) near the coast due to near resonance within the coastal embayment formed by the Cabo Norte shoal to the south and Cabo Cassipore to the north. The observed M(2) tidal currents are nearly rectilinear and oriented primarily across the local isobaths. Comparisons between tidal observations in both the North Channel and the Cabo Norte-Cabo Cassipore embayment and a simple variable-width channel tidal model indicate that (1) most of the M(2) tidal energy dissipation occurs over the mid- and inner shelf (in water depths less than 20 m) and (2) fluid muds found there cause a significant reduction (of order 50%) in the effective bottom friction felt by the M(2) tide. The approximate resonant period of the Cabo Norte-Cabo Cassipore embayment is 11.9 hours, and at resonance the average energy dissipation per forcing period is roughly 2.2 times the average mechanical energy in the embayment. This damping rate is large enough that the tidal amplification is rather insensitive to forcing frequency, so that the response of the embayment to forcing over the semidiurnal band should be essentially the same. The vertical structure of the M(2) tidal current is examined at one outer shelf site located in 65-m water depth. The observed semimajor axis increases logarithmically with height above bottom within the lowest 1-2 m and reaches a maximum in excess of 0.5 m/s at approximately 11 m above bottom. The mean ellipticity is small (less than 0.1) and positive, indicating clockwise rotation of a nearly rectilinear current, and the semimajor axis is oriented within 10 degrees of the local cross-isobath direction. The M(2) phase increases with height above bottom, with flood at the bottom leading flood at the surface by about 1 hour. A simple, local homogeneous tidal model with time- and space-dependent eddy viscosity simulates the observed near-bottom velocity reasonably well, however, the model suggests that stratification above the lowest few meters may significantly affect the tidal boundary layer structure at this site. The M(2) energy flux onto the Amazon shelf and into the Amazon and Para Rivers has been estimated using current and surface elevation data and the best fit variable-width channel model results. The net M(2) energy flux into the mouths of the Amazon and Para Rivers is 0.47 x 10(10)W and 0.19 x 10(10)W, respectively. A net Mt energy flux of about 3.3 x 10(10)W occurs onto the shelf between the North Channel of the Amazon River and Cabo Cassipore. This stretch of the Amazon shelf accounts for about 1.3% of the global dissipation of the M(2) tide. C1 UNIV SAO PAULO,INST OCEANOG,BR-05508 SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. DIRECTORIA HIDROGRAFIA & NAVEGACAO,NITEROI,RJ,BRAZIL. RP BEARDSLEY, RC (reprint author), WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,DEPT PHYS OCEANOG,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. RI Castro, Belmiro/F-2692-2013; OI Lentz, Steven/0000-0001-7498-0281 NR 60 TC 86 Z9 88 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB 15 PY 1995 VL 100 IS C2 BP 2283 EP 2319 DI 10.1029/94JC01688 PG 37 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA QK372 UT WOS:A1995QK37200002 ER PT J AU LACHENBRUCH, AH SASS, JH CLOW, GD WELDON, R AF LACHENBRUCH, AH SASS, JH CLOW, GD WELDON, R TI HEAT-FLOW AT CAJON-PASS, CALIFORNIA, REVISITED SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article AB In recent studies of a 3 1/2km borehole near Cajon Pass we showed that the observed high heat flow and its sharp decrease with depth are predictable effects of independently determined erosion history, topography, and radioactivity, leaving little room for the large contribution from frictional heat required by conventional faulting models for the nearby San Andreas fault. We have since discovered an error in our analysis that lowers the predicted surface heat flow from the upper end (similar to 100 mW/m(2)) to the lower end (similar to 90 mW/m(2)) of the range of measurement uncertainty at this complex site; it permits, but does not require, a source increment of up to 10 mW/m(2) not accounted for in the prediction. Better agreement between the prediction and observations at depth confines the permissible extra heat flow to the upper part of the hole, making it difficult to attribute it to a deep frictional source. In any case, however, such a frictional source would be too small to attribute to conventional high-strength faulting models, and the basic conclusion of the original study is unchanged. The most likely cause of the relatively small discrepancy between predicted and observed heat flow (if it exists) is preferential three-dimensional flow into the higher-thermal conductivity rock that occupies the upper part of the borehole. C1 US GEOL SURVEY, FLAGSTAFF, AZ 86001 USA. UNIV OREGON, DEPT GEOL SCI, EUGENE, OR 97403 USA. RP LACHENBRUCH, AH (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, MAIL STOP 977, 345 MIDDLEFIELD RD, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD FEB 10 PY 1995 VL 100 IS B2 BP 2005 EP 2012 DI 10.1029/94JB02872 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QH690 UT WOS:A1995QH69000006 ER PT J AU HELLWEG, M SPUDICH, P FLETCHER, JB BAKER, LM AF HELLWEG, M SPUDICH, P FLETCHER, JB BAKER, LM TI STABILITY OF CODA-Q IN THE REGION OF PARKFIELD, CALIFORNIA - VIEW FROM THE US-GEOLOGICAL-SURVEY-PARKFIELD DENSE SEISMOGRAPH ARRAY SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID TEMPORAL CHANGE; SEISMIC CODA; SHEAR-WAVES; ATTENUATION; EARTHQUAKE; LITHOSPHERE; SCATTERING; ENERGY; DEPTH; YUGOSLAVIA AB Many investigators have proposed that changes in the rate at which the coda decays may be an intermediate term precursor to moderate-to-large. earthquakes. Parkfield, California, on the San Andreas Fault, is a promising location for studying premonitory changes in coda Q, Q(c), because a large earthquake is likely to occur there. We have investigated Q(c) using recordings from the U.S. Geological Survey Parkfield Dense Seismograph Array, which is a digital array with 14 triaxial sensors and an aperture of about 1 km. For each earthquake we can measure Q(c) from up to 42 recordings. Their average is more stable than the measurement from a single station. Using clustered seismicity, we have developed criteria for selecting events and reducing scatter in the measurement. The Q(c) value determined from a seismogram depends on the position and length of the analysis window. Thus Q(c) should always be measured from the same length window starting at the same lapse time regardless of the source location. In addition, the band-limited signal-to-noise ratio at the end of the analysis window is important. Q(c) determined in two frequency bands, 4-8 Hz and 8-16 Hz, from a tight cluster of 26 events which occurred between December 1989 and January 1994 has not changed, despite M 4.7 and M 4.6 events in October 1992 and November 1993. Q(c) measured from local events (Delta < 60 km) in three frequency bands shows larger scatter but has also not changed during this period. For monitoring Q(c), observations should include array averaged measurements from a single lapse time. Because Q(c) measurements made using an analysis window that starts at a constant multiple of the S wave lapse time depend on epicentral distance, a procedure combining the evaluation of the time and distance dependences of Q(c) also gives stable observations. RP HELLWEG, M (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, 345 MIDDLEFIELD RD, MS 977, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. NR 43 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD FEB 10 PY 1995 VL 100 IS B2 BP 2089 EP 2102 DI 10.1029/94JB02888 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QH690 UT WOS:A1995QH69000013 ER PT J AU STEIN, RS ELLSWORTH, WL AF STEIN, RS ELLSWORTH, WL TI EARTHQUAKES - FROM CALIFORNIA TO KOBE SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material RP STEIN, RS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA 4 LITTLE ESSEX STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND WC2R 3LF SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD FEB 2 PY 1995 VL 373 IS 6513 BP 388 EP 388 DI 10.1038/373388a0 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA QE670 UT WOS:A1995QE67000033 ER PT J AU STEIN, RS AF STEIN, RS TI NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE - WHICH FAULT AND WHAT NEXT SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material RP STEIN, RS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA 4 LITTLE ESSEX STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND WC2R 3LF SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD FEB 2 PY 1995 VL 373 IS 6513 BP 388 EP 389 DI 10.1038/373388a0 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA QE670 UT WOS:A1995QE67000032 ER PT J AU HALL, RD SHROBA, RR AF HALL, RD SHROBA, RR TI SOIL EVIDENCE FOR A GLACIATION INTERMEDIATE BETWEEN THE BULL LAKE AND PINEDALE GLACIATIONS AT FREMONT LAKE, WIND RIVER RANGE, WYOMING, USA SO ARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MOUNTAINS; MORAINES; DEPOSITS; IDAHO; AGE AB Soils developed in glacial deposits in the Fremont Lake area of the Wind River Range of western Wyoming were investigated to provide a better basis for assessing the age and correlation of the deposits. Previous investigators have identified two sets of moraines in the area, assigning the older set to the Bull Lake glaciation and the younger set to the Pinedale glaciation. The Bull Lake is now commonly correlated with late Illinoian (marine-isotope stage 6) and the Pinedale with late Wisconsin (stage 2) and perhaps the later part of middle Wisconsin (stage 3). However, the soils developed in the youngest moraine of the Bull Lake set (moraine V) have characteristics such as soil morphology, clay content, and calcium carbonate content and morphology that are intermediate between those of the soils in the older Bull Lake moraines and those of the soils in the Pinedale moraines. We suggest that these soil characteristics reflect an intermediate age for this moraine, most Likely early Wisconsin, correlative with marine-isotope stage 4. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. RP HALL, RD (reprint author), INDIANA UNIV PURDUE UNIV,DEPT GEOL,723 W MICHIGAN ST,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46202, USA. NR 33 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 SN 0004-0851 J9 ARCTIC ALPINE RES JI Arct. Alp. Res. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 27 IS 1 BP 89 EP 98 DI 10.2307/1552071 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography GA QM392 UT WOS:A1995QM39200010 ER PT J AU CLAASSEN, HC HALM, DR AF CLAASSEN, HC HALM, DR TI A POSSIBLE DEFICIENCY IN ESTIMATES OF WET DEPOSITION OBTAINED FROM DATA GENERATED BY THE NADP/NTN NETWORK SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE PRECIPITATION CHEMISTRY; ATMOSPHERIC SCAVENGING; COLLECTION EFFICIENCY ID PRECIPITATION CHEMISTRY; AEROSOL; RATES AB A conventional precipitation scavenging model is used to evaluate the effect of the performance of a wet-deposition collector on the reported deposition amounts. Three National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network sites in semi arid western Colorado were chosen to evaluate chloride and sulfate wet deposition. Observations of the performance of a wet-deposition collector have demonstrated a delay in opening and cycling during a precipitation event. A significant fraction of wet deposition may be excluded when small amounts of initial precipitation are not sampled and a potentially large fraction of annual wet deposition may be excluded if a majority of precipitation events are small. The actual amount missed depends on the precipitation intensity, variability of intensity with time, raindrop or snowflake size and the individual performance characteristics of the collector. Detailed performance data are needed for individual wet-deposition collectors before accurate estimates of wet deposition can be expected. RP CLAASSEN, HC (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,BOX 25046,MAIL STOP 412,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 41 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 29 IS 3 BP 437 EP 448 DI 10.1016/1352-2310(94)00182-K PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QK406 UT WOS:A1995QK40600014 ER PT J AU ATKINSON, GM BOORE, DM AF ATKINSON, GM BOORE, DM TI GROUND-MOTION RELATIONS FOR EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LARGE EARTHQUAKES; SCALING RELATIONS; SOURCE PARAMETERS; SOURCE SPECTRA; 1988 SAGUENAY; LOMA-PRIETA; ATTENUATION; ACCELERATION; QUEBEC; CANADA AB Predictive relations are developed for ground motions from eastern North American earthquakes of 4.0 less than or equal to M less than or equal to 7.25 at distances of 10 less than or equal to R less than or equal to 500 km. The predicted parameters are response. spectra at frequencies of 0.5 to 20 Hz, and peak ground acceleration and velocity. The predictions are derived from an empirically based stochastic ground-motion model. The relations differ from previous work in the improved empirical definition of input parameters and empirical validation of results. The relations are in demonstrable agreement with ground motions from earthquakes of M 4 to 5. There are insufficient data to adequately judge the relations at larger magnitudes, although they are consistent with data from the Saguenay (M 5.8) and Nahanni (M 6.8) earthquakes. The underlying model parameters are constrained by empirical data for events as large as M 6.8. C1 US GEOL SURVEY, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. NR 34 TC 373 Z9 399 U1 0 U2 13 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 85 IS 1 BP 17 EP 30 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QJ469 UT WOS:A1995QJ46900002 ER PT J AU SIMS, JD GARVIN, CD AF SIMS, JD GARVIN, CD TI RECURRENT LIQUEFACTION-INDUCED BY THE 1989 LOMA-PRIETA EARTHQUAKE AND 1990 AND 1991 AFTERSHOCKS - IMPLICATIONS FOR PALEOSEISMICITY STUDIES SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; LARGE PREHISTORIC EARTHQUAKES; WASHINGTON-STATE; SOUTH-CAROLINA; PALLETT CREEK; CALIFORNIA; SEDIMENTS; LAKE; CHARLESTON; QUEBEC AB Sandblows formed in man-made lake deposits near Watsonville, California, resulted from the October 1989 M 7.1 Loma Prieta earthquake and its April 1990 M 5.5 aftershock and a March 1991 M 4.6 aftershock. Excavations in the dry bed of Soda Lake expose the subsurface structure of sandblows induced by the October and April events. We also made surface observations three days after the March 1991 event. Lateral-spread fissures developed in the lake sediment during the mainshock, and the host deposits were vertically offset 3 to 6.5 cm. Liquefied sand erupted through the fissures onto the dry lake bed and formed sandblow cone deposits. These deposits range from low-angle, conical structures 30 to 50-cm thick and 2 to 5 m in diameter to elongate deposits up to 35-m long. Sandblows associated with the April 1990 aftershock commonly reoccupied preexisting fissures but also formed new solitary vents. Sandblows developed during the March 1991 aftershock erupted only through preexisting vents. Sandblow vents reactivated in April 1990 contain sediment clasts of sandblow deposits formed in the October 1989 mainshock. Clasts of host sediment were also present in the sand dikes. Lamination in the sandblow cones and sand dikes shows that they were not formed in a single episode. Surface cones and feeder dikes, composed of multiple laminated subunits, represent the three generations of sandblows. The subunits suggest that the cone deposits were formed by pulses of water and sediment expelled from the vent. The pulses result from cyclic phases of local excess pore pressure and its release in the liquefied bed at depth. The three generations of structures at Soda Lake, formed six months to a year apart, have distinct tonal and textural differences that may mimic liquefaction structures formed decades or centuries apart. This study provides modern analogs for comparison to and interpretation of prehistoric liquefaction structures that are frequently partly eroded or poorly exposed. RP SIMS, JD (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 52 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 9 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 85 IS 1 BP 51 EP 65 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QJ469 UT WOS:A1995QJ46900004 ER PT J AU HARP, EL JIBSON, RW AF HARP, EL JIBSON, RW TI SEISMIC INSTRUMENTATION OF LANDSLIDES - BUILDING A BETTER MODEL OF DYNAMIC LANDSLIDE BEHAVIOR SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID EARTHQUAKE AB Although the geologic, topographic, and threshold shaking conditions required to trigger landslides in earthquakes are probabilistically predictable, models used to estimate the behavior of slopes under dynamic shaking conditions are overly simplistic because of the lack of direct measurement of landslide behavior during seismic shaking. Two permanent instrument arrays have been installed on seismically active landslides to simultaneously record acceleration, pore pressure, and permanent landslide displacement, which will permit more accurate modeling of seismic landslide response. RP HARP, EL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,POB 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 85 IS 1 BP 93 EP 99 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QJ469 UT WOS:A1995QJ46900007 ER PT J AU BROWN, RD AF BROWN, RD TI 1906 SURFACE FAULTING ON THE SAN-ANDREAS FAULT NEAR POINT-DELGADA, CALIFORNIA SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MENDOCINO TRIPLE JUNCTION; NORTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA; QUATERNARY UPLIFT AB The northernmost onshore surface faulting on the San Andreas fault in 1906 was reported at Shelter Cove, a small embayment in the coastline east of Point Delgada. Between 1979 and 1985, several authors questioned both this location for the San Andreas fault and the validity of 1906 surface faulting. Alternatively, they proposed an offshore fault and a landslide origin for the 1906 ground fractures. F. E. Matthes (1874-1948) described and mapped the surface deformation at Shelter Cove in May and June 1906, documenting evidence of surface faulting for about 3 km between Dead Mans Gulch and Kaluna Cliff. Detailed sketch maps in his notebook indicate a component of right-lateral strike slip and a consistent fault dip to the southwest. Geomorphic and geologic evidence confirm a right-oblique sense of slip and a southwest dip of about 45 degrees; the projected trace of the fault meets the sea at a point about 1.5 km northwest of Kaluna Cliff. Aligned scarps, saddles, and deflected stream courses along this fault imply repeated, nearly colinear, fault displacements during late Quaternary time. Published observations of shear strain and fission-track ages show that a narrow (< 1 km) zone containing the mapped fault trace is slipping at depth in a right-lateral sense and is also a profound tectonic boundary separating rocks with different thermal histories. Collectively, the evidence supports both the reported faulting in 1906 and the interpretation that this fault is a northern extension of the San Andreas fault. RP BROWN, RD (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 85 IS 1 BP 100 EP 110 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QJ469 UT WOS:A1995QJ46900008 ER PT J AU SAVAGE, JC LISOWSKI, M AF SAVAGE, JC LISOWSKI, M TI STRAIN ACCUMULATION IN OWENS VALLEY, CALIFORNIA, 1974 TO 1988 SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; CRUSTAL DEFORMATION; EASTERN CALIFORNIA; PLATE MOTION; SHEAR ZONE AB Strain accumulation observed over the 1974 to 1988 interval in a 25 by 100 km aperture trilateration network spanning Owens Valley is adequately described by a strain rate that is uniform in space and time. The tenser strain-rate components referred to a coordinate system with the 2 axis directed N18 degrees W (parallel to the trend of the valley) and the 1 axis N72 degrees E are epsilon'(11) = 0.042 +/- 0.014 mu strain/yr, epsilon'(12) = -0.058 +/- 0.007 mu strain/yr, and epsilon'(22) = 0.002 +/- 0.014 mu strain/yr; quoted uncertainties are standard deviations and extension is reckoned positive. Across the 25-km breadth of the network, this amounts to 1.0 +/- 0.3 mm/yr extension normal to the axis of the valley, 2.9 +/- 0.4 mm/yr right-lateral shear across the axis, and no extension parallel to the axis. If the measured strain accumulation is attributed to slip on the deeper section of the Owens Valley fault with the uppermost 10 km of the fault locked, the observed right-lateral deformation would imply about 7 mm/yr right-lateral slip on the buried fault, much greater than the geologic estimate of 2 +/- 0.5 mm/yr right-lateral secular slip (Beanland and Clark, 1994). Nor is the observed uplift profile across the valley consistent with continuing normal slip on just the deep segment of the Owens Valley fault; normal slip at depth on the Sierra frontal fault also seems to be required. The observed deformation across Owens Valley apparently implies processes more complicated than those represented by the conventional model of strain accumulation along a throughgoing fault. RP SAVAGE, JC (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 20 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 85 IS 1 BP 151 EP 158 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QJ469 UT WOS:A1995QJ46900011 ER PT J AU WALD, DJ SOMERVILLE, PG AF WALD, DJ SOMERVILLE, PG TI VARIABLE-SLIP RUPTURE MODEL OF THE GREAT 1923 KANTO, JAPAN, EARTHQUAKE - GEODETIC AND BODY-WAVE-FORM ANALYSIS SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID INVERSION; MOTION AB The available geodetic and teleseismic data sets for the 1923 Kanto earthquake (M(s) = 8.1) have been combined into a joint inversion for both temporal and spatial slip variations. We assumed an initial faulting model to be consistent with the geometry determined by Kanamori (1971) on the basis of first-motion data, aftershock area, and the amplitude of surface waves at teleseismic distances and also to enclose the slipped area estimated by Matsu'ura et al. (1980) from the geodetic data employed here. We then inverted for a heterogeneous distribution of slip of the fault plane. The leveling routes and triangulation stations used (consisting of 225 bench marks and 31 triangulation points) are from Matsu'ura et al. (1980). We chose to first determine the overall, static slip distribution by inverting the geodetic data alone. We then proceeded to gradually increase the importance of the teleseismic data, always requiring a good fit to the geodetic leveling and horizontal displacements. In this way, we could provide a constraint on the overall static slip characteristics from the geodetic data and provide stability for the teleseismic inversion, yet determine the degree of slip heterogeneity and time history most suitable for matching the waveform data and for simulating strong ground motions. Our analysis yields a seismic moment of 7 to 8 x 10(27) dyne-cm (M(w) = 7.8 to 7.9) with a maximum slip of approximately 8 m. The most concentrated slip is in the shallow central and western portion of the fault. The location of the concentrated slip on the fault plane has important consequences for the amplitude; duration, and frequency content of the resulting ground motions as documented by Takeo and Kanamori (1993). C1 WOODWARD CLYDE CONSULTANTS,PASADENA,CA 91101. RP WALD, DJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,PASADENA,CA 91106, USA. OI Wald, David/0000-0002-1454-4514 NR 26 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 5 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 85 IS 1 BP 159 EP 177 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QJ469 UT WOS:A1995QJ46900012 ER PT J AU FIELD, EH CLEMENT, AC JACOB, KH AHARONIAN, V HOUGH, SE FRIBERG, PA BABAIAN, TO KARAPETIAN, SS HOVANESSIAN, SM ABRAMIAN, HA AF FIELD, EH CLEMENT, AC JACOB, KH AHARONIAN, V HOUGH, SE FRIBERG, PA BABAIAN, TO KARAPETIAN, SS HOVANESSIAN, SM ABRAMIAN, HA TI EARTHQUAKE SITE-RESPONSE STUDY IN GIUMRI (FORMERLY LENINAKAN), ARMENIA, USING AMBIENT NOISE OBSERVATIONS SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Note AB We have tested whether ambient noise observations reveal useful information regarding site response at sediment sites in Giumri (formerly Leninakan), Armenia. This was done by comparing the noise observations with spectral-ratio site-response estimates based on aftershock data of the 7 December 1988 earthquake. We show that neither the horizontal-component noise spectra alone, nor spectral ratios taken with respect to a nearby bedrock site, reveal useful information regarding site response. However, spectral ratios of horizontal components taken with respect to vertical components (Nakamura's method) exhibit a prominent peak that corresponds to the fundamental resonant frequency observed in the aftershock data. Based on this and other recent investigations, we conclude that Nakamura's method may be a reliable procedure for determining the fundamental resonant frequency of sedimentary deposits from ambient noise observations. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,PASADENA,CA 91106. INST GEOPHYS,GIUMRI,ARMENIA. RP FIELD, EH (reprint author), COLUMBIA UNIV,LAMONT DOHERTY EARTH OBSERV,PALISADES,NY 10964, USA. NR 16 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 85 IS 1 BP 349 EP 353 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QJ469 UT WOS:A1995QJ46900027 ER PT J AU HAASE, JS HAUKSSON, E KANAMORI, H MORI, J AF HAASE, JS HAUKSSON, E KANAMORI, H MORI, J TI GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM RESURVEY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA SEISMIC NETWORK STATIONS SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Note ID CRUSTAL DEFORMATION AB Systematic errors in travel-time data from local earthquakes can sometimes be traced to inaccuracies in the published seismic station coordinates. This prompted a resurvey of the stations of the Caltech/USGS Southern California Seismic Network (SCSN) using the Global Positioning System (GPS). We surveyed 241 stations of the SCSN using Trimble and Ashtech dual-frequency GPS receivers and calculated positions accurate to 3 m using differential positioning from carrier phase measurements, Twelve percent of the stations that were surveyed were found to be mislocated by more than 500 m. Stations of the TERRAscope and USC networks were also surveyed, as well as a network of portable seismic stations deployed shortly after the 1992 Joshua Tree and Landers earthquakes. The new coordinates and the offsets from the old coordinates are given below. The new coordinates are being used in SCSN locations as of 1 January 1994. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,PASADENA,CA 91106. RP HAASE, JS (reprint author), CALTECH,SEISMOL LAB,PASADENA,CA 91125, USA. OI Hauksson, Egill/0000-0002-6834-5051 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 85 IS 1 BP 361 EP 374 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QJ469 UT WOS:A1995QJ46900029 ER PT J AU LABAUGH, JW AF LABAUGH, JW TI RELATION OF ALGAL BIOVOLUME TO CHLOROPHYLL-A IN SELECTED LAKES AND WETLANDS IN THE NORTH CENTRAL UNITED-STATES SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHORUS; PHYTOPLANKTON; BIOMASS; RESERVOIRS AB Algal chlorophyll a is commonly used as a surrogate for algal biomass. Data from three lakes in western Nebraska, five wetlands in north-central North Dakota, and two lakes in north-central Minnesota represented a range in algal biovolume of over four orders of magnitude and a range in chlorophyll a from less than 1 to 380 mg . m(-3). Analysis of these data revealed that there was a linear relation, log(10) algal biovolume = 5.99 + 0.09 chlorophyll a (r(2) = 0.72), for cases in which median values of chlorophyll a for open-water periods were less than 20 mg . m(-3). There was no linear relation in cases in which median chlorophyll a concentrations were larger than 20 mg . m(-3) for open-water periods, an occurrence found only in shallow prairies lakes and wetlands for years in which light penetration was the least. RP LABAUGH, JW (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DIV WATER RESOURCES,MAIL STOP 413,LAKEWOOD,CO 80225, USA. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 52 IS 2 BP 416 EP 424 DI 10.1139/f95-043 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA RM825 UT WOS:A1995RM82500021 ER PT J AU ROBERTS, AC ERCIT, TS GROAT, LA CRIDDLE, AJ ERD, RC WILLIAMS, RS AF ROBERTS, AC ERCIT, TS GROAT, LA CRIDDLE, AJ ERD, RC WILLIAMS, RS TI PETERBAYLISSITE, HG-3(1+)(CO3)(OH)CENTER-DOT-2H(2)O, A NEW MINERAL SPECIES FROM THE CLEAR-CREEK CLAIM, SAN-BENITO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA SO CANADIAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE PETERBAYLISSITE; NEW MINERAL SPECIES; HYDRATED MERCUROUS HYDROXIDE-CARBONATE; X-RAY DATA; ELECTRON-MICROPROBE DATA; REFLECTANCE DATA; INFRARED ABSORPTION DATA; CLEAR CREEK MINE; SAN BENITO COUNTY; CALIFORNIA ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SZYMANSKIITE AB Peterbaylissite, idealized as Hg-3(1+)(CO3)(OH). 2H(2)O, is orthorhombic, space group Pcab (61), with unit-cell parameters refined from powder data: a 11.130(2), b 11.139(3), c 10.725(3) Angstrom, V 1330(1) Angstrom(3), a:b:c = 0.9992:1:0.9628, Z = 8. The strongest six reflections in the X-ray powder pattern [d in Angstrom(I)(hkl)] are: 4.84(50)(012), 2.969(70)(231), 2.786(70)(040,400), 2.648(100)(223), 2.419(60)(241,024,412), and 1.580(50)(623). The mineral is an extremely rare constituent in a small prospect pit near the long-abandoned Clear Creek mercury mine, New Idria district, San Benito County, California. The mineral is most closely associated with ferroan magnesiochromite and is found as isolated and clustered grains on a crust composed of ferroan magnesite and quartz. Other mercury-bearing phases found on the holotype specimen include cinnabar, metacinnabar and native mercury. Individual crystals of peterbaylissite range in size from 20 mu m up to 0.2 mm, but the average length of crystals is approximately 0.1 mm. Crystals are subhedral to euhedral, elongate [001], and possess a wedge-like shape with a conchoidal outline. Platy crystals also are present but are rare. The mineral is opaque, black to very dark red-brown color, with a dark brown-black streak. Physical properties include: submetallic to adamantine luster, irregular fracture, brittle, nonfluorescent, hardness less than 5, calculated density 7.14 g/cm(3) (for both the empirical and idealized formulae). In polished section, peterbaylissite is weakly to moderately bireflectant and is nonpleochroic. In reflected plane-polarized light, it is grey with a slight blue tinge and possesses abundant orange and brilliant yellow-white internal reflections. The anisotropy is weak, with dull and dark grey and brown rotation tints. Measured values of reflectance for two grains, in air and in oil, are tabulated. Electron-microprobe analyses yielded Hg2O 87.4(1.5) wt.%. The empirical formula, derived from crystal-structure analysis and electron-microprobe analyses, is Hg-3.00(1+)(CO3)(OH). 2H(2)O, based on O = 6. The idealized formula requires Hg2O 87.54, CO2 6.16, H2O 6.30, total 100.00 wt.%. Important features of the crystal structure are summarized. This is the first natural occurrence of Hg1+ as an isolated ion in an oxysalt. The mineral is named for Professor Emeritus Peter Bayliss, University of Calgary, for his many important contributions to structural and experimental mineralogy, and for his long-standing service to the International Centre for Diffraction Data. C1 CANADIAN MUSEUM NAT,DIV RES,OTTAWA,ON K1P 6P4,CANADA. UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,DEPT GEOL SCI,VANCOUVER,BC V6T 2B4,CANADA. NAT HIST MUSEUM,DEPT MINERAL,LONDON SW7 5BD,ENGLAND. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. CANADIAN CONSERVAT INST,OTTAWA,ON K1A 0C8,CANADA. RP ROBERTS, AC (reprint author), GEOL SURVEY CANADA,601 BOOTH ST,OTTAWA,ON K1A 0E8,CANADA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALOGICAL ASSOC CANADA PI NEPEAN PA CITYVIEW 78087, NEPEAN ON K2G 5W2, CANADA SN 0008-4476 J9 CAN MINERAL JI Can. Mineral. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 33 BP 47 EP 53 PN 1 PG 7 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA QM352 UT WOS:A1995QM35200007 ER PT J AU BIRCH, WD PRING, A FOORD, EE AF BIRCH, WD PRING, A FOORD, EE TI SELWYNITE, NAK(BE,AL)ZR-2(PO4)(4)CENTER-DOT-2H(2)O, A NEW GAINESITE-LIKE MINERAL FROM WYCHEPROOF, VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA SO CANADIAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE SELWYNITE; NEW MINERAL SPECIES; SODIUM POTASSIUM BERYLLIUM ZIRCONIUM PHOSPHATE HYDRATE; GAINESITE; WYCHEPROOF; AUSTRALIA AB Selwynite is a new alkali beryllium zirconium phosphate hydrate from a pegmatite vein in Devonian granite at Wycheproof, in northwestern Victoria, Australia, The mineral occurs as irregular infillings that consist of intergrowths of indistinct radiating crystals and as granular aggregates filling cavities up to 8 mm across in the quartz - orthoclase - albite muscovite - schorl-bearing pegmatite. Accompanying minerals include two other Zr-bearing phosphates, kosnarite and the new species wycheproofite, as well as wardite, eosphorite, cyrilovite, leucophosphite, rockbridgeite, a kidwellite-like mineral, saleeite and montmorillonite. Selwynite is transparent deep purplish blue with a vitreous luster, bur may weather to be pale lavender and translucent. The streak is pale lavender, the fracture, semiconchoidal, the cleavage, undeveloped, and the Mohs hardness, 4. The measured density is 2.94 g . cm(-3). Selwynite is uniaxial positive, omega 1.624, epsilon 1.636, and shows distinct pleochroism from medium to very pale bluish lavender. Average results of chemical analyses give Na2O 4.77, K2O 6.26, Rb2O 0.20, BeO 1.43, CaO 0.98, SrO 0.16, BaO 0.16, MgO 0.15, MnO 0.99, FeO 0.49, Cs2O 0.70,.Al2O3 1.04, Ce2O3 0.03, ZrO2 33.76, HfO2 1.17, P2O5 40.90, SiO2 0.49, F 0.37, H2O 5.4, less O=F 0.16, total 99.29 wt.%. The simplified formula is NaK(Be,Al)Zr-2(PO4)(4) . 2H(2)O, based on (O + F) = 18. Selwynite is tetragonal, with unit-cell parameters refined from powder data: a 6.570(3), c 17.142(6) Angstrom, V 739.9(3) Angstrom(3). For Z = 2, the calculated density for the empirical formula is 3.08 g . cm(3) By analogy with gainesite the space group is I4(1)/amd. The strongest lines in the X-ray powder-diffraction pattern [d(obs) in Angstrom(I-obs)(hkl)] are 6.161(100)(101), 4.291(25)(004), 3.286(50)(200), 3.039(30)(105), and 2.895(20)(211). Selwynite is related to gainesite by having the larger of the two Na sites in gainesite occupied by K, and to mccrillisite (Foord et al. 1994), which has that site occupied by Cs. All three minerals are considered to be hydrated, with between 2 and 4 water molecules per unit cell. The mineral name honors the late A.R.C. Selwyn, founding Director of the Geological Survey of Victoria. C1 S AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM,DEPT MINERAL,ADELAIDE,SA 5000,AUSTRALIA. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. RP BIRCH, WD (reprint author), MUSEUM VICTORIA,DEPT MINERAL & PETR,328 SWANSTON ST,MELBOURNE,VIC 3000,AUSTRALIA. NR 6 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU MINERALOGICAL ASSOC CANADA PI NEPEAN PA CITYVIEW 78087, NEPEAN ON K2G 5W2, CANADA SN 0008-4476 J9 CAN MINERAL JI Can. Mineral. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 33 BP 55 EP 58 PN 1 PG 4 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA QM352 UT WOS:A1995QM35200008 ER PT J AU WILSON, UW ATKINSON, JB AF WILSON, UW ATKINSON, JB TI BLACK BRANT WINTER AND SPRING-STAGING USE AT 2 WASHINGTON COASTAL AREAS IN RELATION TO EELGRASS ABUNDANCE SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE BLACK BRANT; EELGRASS; AGE COMPOSITION; REMOTE SENSING; OYSTER CULTURE; HUMAN DISTURBANCE; WASHINGTON ID SUCCESS; BRENT AB We monitored numbers of Black Brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) in Washington from fall 1980 through spring 1992 at Willapa Bay, and from fall 1986 through spring 1993 in the Dungeness area. We estimated brant use by converting the counts into use days. Coincidentally we also monitored variations in the extent of eelgrass (Zostera marina) beds by remote sensing techniques. At Willapa, brant use was positively correlated with the total extent of eelgrass beds and negatively correlated with the extent of oyster beds that were located within eelgrass beds, and where eelgrass had been removed by mechanical means. A 52% decline in brant use was associated with a 22% decline in eelgrass. At Dungeness there was a significant negative trend in spring-staging brant use. Overall a 63% decline in brant use coincided with a 31% decline in eelgrass. The Dungeness eelgrass beds may have declined because of natural factors. In both areas, brant use during the spring-staging period was more related to eelgrass extent than brant use during the winter months. These results suggest that Black Brant use in coastal Washington is limited by eelgrass availability. Immatures averaged 10.4% of the population at Willapa and 9.9% at Dungeness and are amongst the lowest reported. A shortage of eelgrass during the critical spring-staging period may have led to reduced endogenous reserves and associated low reproductive success of Black Brant that staged in coastal Washington, The shortage of eelgrass may have contributed to the observed southward shift to Mexico by wintering brant. C1 SHENANDOAH NATL PK,LURAY,VA 22835. RP WILSON, UW (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,COASTAL REFUGEES OFF,POB 450,SEQUIM,WA 98382, USA. NR 30 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 12 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 1995 VL 97 IS 1 BP 91 EP 98 DI 10.2307/1368986 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA QK938 UT WOS:A1995QK93800009 ER PT J AU ORTHMEYER, DL TAKEKAWA, JY ELY, CR WEGE, ML NEWTON, WE AF ORTHMEYER, DL TAKEKAWA, JY ELY, CR WEGE, ML NEWTON, WE TI MORPHOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES IN PACIFIC COAST POPULATIONS OF GREATER WHITE-FRONTED GEESE SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE GREATER WHITE-FRONTED GOOSE; ANSER ALBIFRONS FRONTALIS; TULE GOOSE; ANSER ALBIFRONS GAMBELLI; MORPHOMETRICS; DISCRIMINANT FUNCTION; SUBPOPULATIONS ID DISCRIMINATION AB We examined morphological relationships of three Pacific coast populations of Greater White-fronted Geese (Anser albifrons). Adult geese were captured and measured at three breeding areas in Alaska and two wintering areas in California, 1980-1991. A two-step discriminant function analysis examined morphological differences among the three populations. Stepwise discriminant function procedures created the simplest measurement models. Each sex was analyzed separately since multivariate analysis of variance indicated that males were significantly larger than females for all three populations. Tule Greater White-fronted Geese (A. a. gambelli) were significantly larger than Pacific Greater White-fronted Geese (A. a. frontalis), hereafter Pacific Geese. The first step of discriminant function analysis created models to differentiate Tule Geese from the Pacific Geese. Bivariate stepwise discriminant function models consisting of only two measurements correctly classified 92% of males (bill height, bill width) and 96% of females (bill height, culmen) of these subspecies. The second step of discriminant function analysis compared a small population of Pacific Geese from the Bristol Bay Lowlands (BBL) of southwestern Alaska with the large population of Pacific Geese that breed on the Yukon-Kuskokwim River Delta (YKD) of westcentral Alaska. We developed models with three (culmen, diagonal tarsus, midtoe) and five (culmen, diagonal tarsus, midtoe, total tarsus, bill height) measurements from stepwise discriminant function analyses to correctly classify 72% of males and 74% of females of these populations. Thus, morphology of Tule Geese differed highly significantly from Pacific Geese, as expected, but differences between populations from the BBL and YKD areas were also significant. Morphometric analyses as these provided supporting evidence for clinal variation in populations of Greater White-fronted Geese. They also underscore a need for further studies of differences among North American populations of Greater White-fronted Geese to resolve classification and to allow formulation of subpopulation/subspecies management strategies. C1 NATL BIOL SURVEY,ALASKA SCI CTR,ANCHORAGE,AK 99503. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,YUKON DELTA NATL WILDLIFE REFUGE,BETHEL,AK 99599. NATL BIOL SURVEY,NO PRAIRIE SCI CTR,JAMESTOWN,ND 58401. RP ORTHMEYER, DL (reprint author), NATL BIOL SURVEY,CALIF PACIFIC SCI CTR,6924 TREMONT RD,DIXON,CA 95620, USA. NR 40 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 4 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 1995 VL 97 IS 1 BP 123 EP 132 DI 10.2307/1368990 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA QK938 UT WOS:A1995QK93800013 ER PT J AU BURGER, J NISBET, ICT ZINGO, JM SPENDELOW, JA SAFINA, C GOCHFELD, M AF BURGER, J NISBET, ICT ZINGO, JM SPENDELOW, JA SAFINA, C GOCHFELD, M TI COLONY DIFFERENCES IN RESPONSE TO TRAPPING IN ROSEATE TERNS SO CONDOR LA English DT Note DE ROSEATE TERN; STERNA DOUGALLII; TRAPPING; COLONY; PARENTAL CARE; INCUBATION; HATCHING; HUMAN DISTURBANCE ID STERNA-DOUGALLII; COMMON C1 ICT NISBET & CO,N FALMOUTH,MA 02556. CONNECTICUT AUDUBON SOC,FAIRFIELD,CT 06430. UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT NAT RESOURCES MANAGEMENT & ENGN,STORRS,CT 06269. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,MIGRATORY BIRD RES BRANCH,LAUREL,MD 20708. NATL AUDUBON SOC,ISLIP,NY 11751. UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY,ROBERT WOOD JOHNSON MED SCH,DEPT ENVIRONM & COMMUNITY MED,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08854. RP BURGER, J (reprint author), RUTGERS STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08855, USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 1995 VL 97 IS 1 BP 263 EP 266 DI 10.2307/1369002 PG 4 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA QK938 UT WOS:A1995QK93800025 ER PT J AU KOWALLIS, BJ CHRISTIANSEN, EH DEINO, AL KUNK, MJ HEAMAN, LM AF KOWALLIS, BJ CHRISTIANSEN, EH DEINO, AL KUNK, MJ HEAMAN, LM TI AGE OF THE CENOMANIAN-TURONIAN BOUNDARY IN THE WESTERN INTERIOR OF THE UNITED-STATES SO CRETACEOUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE AR-40/AR-39 AGES; CENOMANIAN; TURONIAN; GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE; WESTERN INTERIOR; USA ID TIME-SCALE; ZIRCON; DISCRIMINATION; CALIBRATION; COLORADO; HISTORY; KENYA; ROCKS; BEDS; PB AB High precision Ar-40/Ar-39 laser-microprobe ages of individual sanidines, Ar-40/Ar-39 plateau age spectra on bulk sanidine concentrates, U-Pb zircon ages, and zircon and apatite fission-track ages from three bentonites bracketing the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary in the Western Interior of the United States suggest an age for the boundary of 93.1 +/- 0.3 (2 sigma). The lowermost bentonite comes from the Upper Cenomanian Sciponoceras gracile biozone, and gives a weighted mean laser-fusion single-crystal Ar-40/Ar-39 age of 93.50 +/- 0.52 Ma (2 sigma, standard error of the mean, n = 14) for sanidine. The middle bentonite comes from the Upper Cenomanian Neocardioceras juddii biozone, accepted in both North America and Europe as the uppermost Cenomanian ammonite zone; it gives an average single-crystal Ar-40/Ar-39 age of 93.33 +/- 0.50 Ma (n = 29), a bulk-sample Ar-40/Ar-39 plateau age of 93.09 +/- 0.34 Ma (2 sigma) for sanidine, and concordant Pb-206/U-238 and Pb-207/U-235 ages of 93.48 +/- 0.32 Ma on zircon. The upper bentonite comes from near the base of the Turonian, immediately above the first occurrence of the basal Turonian bivalve Mytiloides and sanidines from it give an average single-crystal Ar-40/Ar-39 age of 93.46 +/- 0.60 Ma (n = 12) and a bulk-sample Ar-40/Ar-39 plateau age of 92.87 +/- 0.34 Ma. The composition of these Cenomanian-Turonian bentonites from Colorado and Utah, the types of phenocrysts present, and the morphology of included zircons all indicate that the pre-alteration ash was rhyolitic and probably generated in a subduction setting involving a significant crustal component. C1 INST HUMAN ORIGINS,CTR GEOCHRONOL,BERKELEY,CA 94709. US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR 981,RESTON,VA 22092. ROYAL ONTARIO MUSEUM,DEPT GEOL,TORONTO,ON M5S 2C6,CANADA. RP KOWALLIS, BJ (reprint author), BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV,DEPT GEOL,PROVO,UT 84602, USA. RI Christiansen, Eric/A-8948-2009; OI Christiansen, Eric/0000-0002-1108-5260 NR 64 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0195-6671 J9 CRETACEOUS RES JI Cretac. Res. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 16 IS 1 BP 109 EP 129 DI 10.1006/cres.1995.1007 PG 21 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA QL726 UT WOS:A1995QL72600007 ER PT J AU JASSBY, AD KIMMERER, WJ MONISMITH, SG ARMOR, C CLOERN, JE POWELL, TM SCHUBEL, JR VENDLINSKI, TJ AF JASSBY, AD KIMMERER, WJ MONISMITH, SG ARMOR, C CLOERN, JE POWELL, TM SCHUBEL, JR VENDLINSKI, TJ TI ISOHALINE POSITION AS A HABITAT INDICATOR FOR ESTUARINE POPULATIONS SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE FISH; FRESH-WATER FLOW; HABITAT INDICATOR; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; MOLLUSK; PHYTOPLANKTON; SACRAMENTO SAN JOAQUIN DELTA; SALINITY DISTRIBUTION; SAN FRANCISCO BAY; STATISTICAL MODELS ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; NEOMYSIS-MERCEDIS HOLMES; JOAQUIN ESTUARY; STRIPED BASS; RIVER FLOW; PHYTOPLANKTON BIOMASS; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; CRANGON-FRANCISCORUM; MORONE-SAXATILIS; CALIFORNIA AB Populations of native and introduced aquatic organisms in the San Francisco Bay/Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Estuary (''Bay/Delta'') have undergone significant declines over the past two decades. Decreased river inflow due to drought and increased freshwater diversion have contributed to the decline of at least some populations. Effective management of the estuary's biological resources requires a sensitive indicator of the response to freshwater inflow that has ecological significance, can be measured accurately and easily, and could be used as a ''policy'' variable to set standards for managing freshwater inflow. Positioning of the 2 parts per thousand (grams of salt per kilogram of seawater) bottom salinity value along the axis of the estuary was examined for this purpose. The 2 parts per thousand bottom salinity position (denoted by X(2)) has simple and significant statistical relationships with annual measures of many estuarine resources, including the supply of phytoplankton and phytoplankton-derived detritus from local production and river loading; benthic macroinvertebrates (molluscs); mysids and shrimp; larval fish survival; and the abundance of planktivorous, piscivorous, and bottom-foraging fish. The actual mechanisms are understood for only a few of these populations. X(2) also satisfies other recognized requirements for a habitat indicator and probably can be measured with greater accuracy and precision than alternative habitat indicators such as net freshwater inflow into the estuary. The 2 parts per thousand value may not have special ecological significance for other estuaries (in the Bay/Delta, it marks the locations of an estuarine turbidity maximum and peaks in the abundance of several estuarine organisms), but the concept of using near-bottom isohaline position as a habitat indicator should be widely applicable. Although X(2) is a sensitive index of the estuarine community's response to net freshwater inflow, other hydraulic features of the estuary also determine population abundances and resource levels. In particular, diversion of water for export from or consumption within the estuary can have a direct effect on population abundance independent of its effect on X(2). The need to consider diversion, in addition to X(2), for managing certain estuarine resources is illustrated using striped bass survival as an example. The striped bass survival data were also used to illustrate a related important point: incorporating additional explanatory variables may decrease the prediction error for a population or process, but it can increase the uncertainty in parameter estimates and management strategies based on these estimates. Even in cases where the uncertainty is currently too large to guide management decisions, an uncertainty analysis can identify the most practical direction for future data acquisition. C1 BIOSYST ANAL,TIBURON,CA 94920. STANFORD UNIV,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,STANFORD,CA 94305. CALIF DEPT FISH & GAME,STOCKTON,CA 95205. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. SUNY STONY BROOK,CTR MARINE SCI,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. US EPA,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94105. RP JASSBY, AD (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DIV ENVIRONM STUDIES,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. RI Cloern, James/C-1499-2011; OI Cloern, James/0000-0002-5880-6862 NR 68 TC 198 Z9 206 U1 3 U2 43 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI TEMPE PA ARIZONA STATE UNIV CENTER ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, TEMPE, AZ 85287 SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 5 IS 1 BP 272 EP 289 DI 10.2307/1942069 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QK276 UT WOS:A1995QK27600027 ER PT J AU CUNNINGHAM, KI NORTHUP, DE POLLASTRO, RM WRIGHT, WG LAROCK, EJ AF CUNNINGHAM, KI NORTHUP, DE POLLASTRO, RM WRIGHT, WG LAROCK, EJ TI BACTERIA, FUNGI AND BIOKARST IN LECHUGUILLA CAVE, CARLSBAD-CAVERNS-NATIONAL-PARK, NEW-MEXICO SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LECHUGUILLA CAVE; BIOKARST; CHEMOLITHOTROPHY; CORROSION RESIDUES; BIOTHEMS ID HYDROTHERMAL VENTS; SPREADING CENTERS AB Lechuguilla Cave is a deep, extensive, gypsum- and sulfur-bearing hypogenic cave in Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico, most of which (> 90%) lies more than 300 m beneath the entrance. Located in the arid Guadalupe Mountains, Lechuguilla's remarkable state of preservation is partially due to the locally continuous Yates Formation siltstone that has effectively diverted most vadose water away from the cave. Allocthonous organic input to the cave is therefore very limited, but bacterial and fungal colonization is relatively extensive: (1) Aspergillus sp. fungi and unidentified bacteria are associated with iron-, manganese-, and sulfur-rich encrustations on calcitic folia near the suspected water table 466 m below the entrance; (2) 92 species of fungi in 19 genera have been identified throughout the cave in oligotrophic (nutrient-poor) ''soils'' and pools; (3) cave-air condensate contains unidentified microbes; (4) indigenous chemoheterotrophic Seliberius and Caulobacter bacteria are known from remote pool sites; and (5) at least four genera of heterotrophic bacteria with population densities near 5 x 10(5) colony-forming units (CFU) per gram are present in ceiling-bound deposits of supposedly abiogenic condensation-corrosion residues. Various lines of evidence suggest that autotrophic bacteria are present in the ceiling-bound residues and could act as primary producers in a unique subterranean microbial food chain. The suspected autotrophic bacteria are probably chemolithoautotrophic (CLA), utilizing trace iron, manganese, or sulfur in the limestone and dolomitic bedrock to mechanically (and possibly biochemically) erode the substrate to produce residual floor deposits. Because other major sources of organic matter have not been detected, we suggest that these CLA bacteria are providing requisite organic matter to the known heterotrophic bacteria and fungi in the residues. The cavewide bacterial and fungal distribution, the large volumes of corrosion residues, and the presence of ancient bacterial filaments in unusual calcite speleothems (biothems) attest to the apparent longevity of microbial occupation in this cave. C1 UNIV NEW MEXICO,CENTENNIAL SCI & ENGN LIB,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,BRANCH PETR GEOL,DENVER,CO 80225. US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,GRAND JCT,CO 81502. RP CUNNINGHAM, KI (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,BRANCH SEDIMENTARY PROC,BOX 25046,MS 939,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 45 TC 87 Z9 92 U1 2 U2 28 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0177-5146 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 25 IS 1 BP 2 EP 8 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA QJ170 UT WOS:A1995QJ17000002 ER PT J AU LEENHEER, JA WERSHAW, RL REDDY, MM AF LEENHEER, JA WERSHAW, RL REDDY, MM TI STRONG-ACID, CARBOXYL GROUP STRUCTURES IN FULVIC-ACID FROM THE SUWANNEE RIVER, GEORGIA .1. MINOR STRUCTURES SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ION COMPLEXATION EQUILIBRIA; POLY-ELECTROLYTE PROPERTIES; PHYSICOCHEMICAL DESCRIPTION; PROTONATION EQUILIBRIA; HUMIC SUBSTANCES AB An investigation of the strong-acid characteristics (pK(a) 3.0 or less) of fulvic acid from the Suwannee River, Georgia, was conducted. Quantitative determinations were made for amino acid and sulfur-containing acid structures, oxalate half-ester structures, malonic acid structures, keto acid structures, and aromatic carboxyl-group structures. These determinations were made by using a variety of spectrometric (C-13-nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, and ultraviolet spectrometry) and titrimetric characterizations on fulvic acid or fulvic acid samples that were chemically derviatized to indicate certain functional groups. Only keto acid and aromatic carboxyl-group structures contributed significantly to the strong-acid characteristics of the fulvic acid; these structures accounted for 43% of the strong-acid acidity. The remaining 57% of the strong acids are aliphatic carboxyl groups in unusual and/or complex configurations for which limited model compound data are available. RP LEENHEER, JA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,MS 408,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 30 TC 115 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 45 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 29 IS 2 BP 393 EP 398 DI 10.1021/es00002a015 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QE089 UT WOS:A1995QE08900027 PM 22201385 ER PT J AU LEENHEER, JA WERSHAW, RL REDDY, MM AF LEENHEER, JA WERSHAW, RL REDDY, MM TI STRONG-ACID, CARBOXYL-GROUP STRUCTURES IN FULVIC-ACID FROM THE SUWANNEE RIVER, GEORGIA .2. MAJOR STRUCTURES SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ION COMPLEXATION EQUILIBRIA; POLY-ELECTROLYTE PROPERTIES; PHYSICOCHEMICAL DESCRIPTION; PROTONATION EQUILIBRIA AB Polycarboxylic acid structures that account for the strong-acid characteristics (pK(a1) near 2.0) were examined for fulvic acid from the Suwannee River. Studies of model compounds demonstrated that pK, values near 2.0 occur only if the alpha-ether or alpha-ester groups were in cyclic structures with two to three additional electronegative functional groups (carboxyl, ester, ketone, aromatic groups) at adjacent positions on the ring. Ester linkage removal by alkaline hydrolysis and destruction of ether linkages through cleavage and reduction with hydriodic acid confirmed that the strong carboxyl acidity in fulvic acid was associated with polycarboxylic alpha-ether and alpha-ester structures. Studies of hypothetical structural models of fulvic acid indicated possible relation of these polycarboxylic structures with the amphiphilic and metal binding properties of fulvic acid. RP LEENHEER, JA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,MS 408,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 26 TC 114 Z9 114 U1 1 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 29 IS 2 BP 399 EP 405 DI 10.1021/es00002a016 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QE089 UT WOS:A1995QE08900028 PM 22201386 ER PT J AU COZZARELLI, IM HERMAN, JS BAEDECKER, MJ AF COZZARELLI, IM HERMAN, JS BAEDECKER, MJ TI FATE OF MICROBIAL METABOLITES OF HYDROCARBONS IN A COASTAL-PLAIN AQUIFER - THE ROLE OF ELECTRON ACCEPTERS SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION; AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS; DENITRIFYING CONDITIONS; ENRICHMENT CULTURES; ANOXIC GROUNDWATER; GRAVEL AQUIFER; IRON REDUCTION; ORGANIC-ACIDS; SHALLOW SAND; FERRIC IRON AB A combined field and laboratory study was undertaken to understand the distribution and geochemical conditions that influence the prevalence of low molecular weight organic acids in groundwater of a shallow aquifer contaminated with gasoline. Aromatic hydrocarbons from gasoline were degraded by microbially mediated oxidation-reduction reactions, including reduction of nitrate, sulfate, and Fe(III). The biogeochemical reactions changed overtime in response to changes in the hydrogeochemical conditions in the aquifer. Aliphatic and aromatic organic acids were associated with hydrocarbon degradation in anoxic zones of the aquifer. Laboratory microcosms demonstrated that the biogeochemical fate of specific organic acids observed in groundwater varied with the structure of the acid and the availability of electron accepters. Benzoic and phenylacetic acid were degraded by indigenous aquifer microorganisms when nitrate was supplied as an electron acceptor. Aromatic acids with two or more methyl substituents on the benzene ring persisted under nitrate-reducing conditions. Although iron reduction and sulfate reduction were important processes in situ and occurred in the microcosms, these reactions were not coupled to the biological oxidation of aromatic organic acids that were added to the microcosms as electron donors. C1 UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903. RP COZZARELLI, IM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,959 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. OI Cozzarelli, Isabelle/0000-0002-5123-1007 NR 56 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 29 IS 2 BP 458 EP 469 DI 10.1021/es00002a023 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QE089 UT WOS:A1995QE08900035 PM 22201393 ER PT J AU HASELTON, HT CYGAN, GL JENKINS, DM AF HASELTON, HT CYGAN, GL JENKINS, DM TI EXPERIMENTAL-STUDY OF MUSCOVITE STABILITY IN PURE H2O AND 1-MOLAL KCL-HCL SOLUTIONS SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID CONSISTENT THERMODYNAMIC DATASET; ROCK-FORMING MINERALS; HIGH-PRESSURES; DIOCTAHEDRAL MICAS; CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; ALKALI FELDSPARS; LAYER SILICATES; HEAT-CAPACITIES; PLUS QUARTZ AB The following reactions have been reinvestigated in order to resolve conflicting evidence regarding tetrahedral Al/Si disorder in muscovite, KAl2(AlSi3)O-10(OH)(2): muscovite + quartz = andalusite + sanidine + H2O; muscovite = corundum + sanidine + H2O; muscovite + H+ = 1.5 andalusite + 1.5 quartz + 1.5 H2O + K+; 1.5 sanidine + H+ = 0.5 muscovite + 3 quartz + K+. Results for the first reaction in the range 1.0-3.0 kbar and second reaction in the range 1.0-6.0 kbar, together with data on the compositions of 1 molal HCl-KCl solutions limited by the third and fourth reactions at 400-500 degrees C, 1 kbar favor total tetrahedral Al/Si disorder in muscovite, but this conclusion applies only to synthetic muscovite grown under relatively low-pressure conditions. The stable assemblage for the first and second reactions were based on growth and dissolution textures of muscovite observed with an SEM. The dP/dT slopes of the dehydration boundaries are smaller than those determined by most previous work. Results for the fourth reaction are in good agreement with other recent work, but quench pH values for the third reaction are less acidic at 400 degrees C, hence, the muscovite stability field in KCl-HCl solutions is narrower than previously determined. Recommended thermodynamic properties for synthetic muscovite are 306.40 J/mol.K and -5970.45 kJ/mol for the standard entropy, S degrees(1,298.15)(MS), and enthalpy of formation from the elements, Delta(f)H degrees,29R.15(MS), respectively. The enthalpy of formation of muscovite is based, in part, on a revised calorimetric value for sanidine Delta(f)/H degrees(1,298.15)(Sa) = -3965.60 +/- 4.1 kJ/mol. A similar contradiction regarding tetrahedral Al/Si disorder in paragonite appears to exist between structure refinements and phase equilibrium data. However, if the phase equilibrium data for the reaction paragonite = corundum + albite + H2O are omitted, almost all other evidence is consistent with near total Al/Si disorder in paragonite. C1 SUNY BINGHAMTON,DEPT GEOL SCI,BINGHAMTON,NY 13901. RP HASELTON, HT (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,959 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 65 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD FEB PY 1995 VL 59 IS 3 BP 429 EP 442 DI 10.1016/0016-7037(94)00380-5 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QG558 UT WOS:A1995QG55800001 ER PT J AU CHABAUX, F COHEN, AS ONIONS, RK HEIN, JR AF CHABAUX, F COHEN, AS ONIONS, RK HEIN, JR TI U-238 U-234-TH-230 CHRONOMETRY OF FE-MN CRUSTS - GROWTH-PROCESSES AND RECOVERY OF THORIUM ISOTOPIC-RATIOS OF SEAWATER SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Letter ID MANGANESE NODULES; FERROMANGANESE CRUSTS; NUCLIDE BEHAVIOR; TH-230; OCEAN; RATES; SEA; PROFILES; URANIUM; WATER AB Comparison of (U-234)excess/(U-238) and (Th-230/Th-232) activity ratios in oceanic Fe-Mn deposits provides a method for assessing the closed-system behaviour of U-238-U-234-Th-230, as well as variations in the initial uranium and thorium isotopic ratios of the percipitated metal oxides. This approach is illustrated using a Fe-Mn crust from Lotab seamount (Marshall Islands, west equatorial Pacific). Here we report uranium and thorium isotopic compositions in five subsamples from the surface of one large 5 cm diameter botryoid of this crust, and from two depth profiles of the outermost rim of the same botryoid. The decrease of (U-234)excess/(U-238) and (Th-230/Th-232) activity ratio with depth in the two profiles gives mean growth rates, for the last 150 ka, of 7.8 +/- 2 mm/Ma and 6.6 +/- 1 mm/Ma, respectively. All data points (surface and core samples) but one, define a linear correlation in the Ln (Th-230/Th-232) - Ln [(U-234)excess/(U-238)] diagram. This correlation indicates that for all points the U-Th system remained closed after the Fe-Mn layer percipitated, and that the different samples possessed the same initial Uranium and thorium isotope ratios. Furthermore, these results show that the preserved surface of this Fe-Mn crust may not be the present-day growth surface, and that the thorium and uranium isotopic ratios of seawater in west equatorial Pacific have not changed during the past 150 ka. The initial thorium activity ratio is estimated from the correlation obtained between Ln (Th-230/Th-232) and Ln [(U-234)excess/(U-238)]. C1 UNIV CAMBRIDGE, DEPT EARTH SCI, CAMBRIDGE CB2 3EQ, ENGLAND. US GEOL SURVEY, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. NR 32 TC 32 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD FEB PY 1995 VL 59 IS 3 BP 633 EP 638 DI 10.1016/0016-7037(94)00379-Z PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QG558 UT WOS:A1995QG55800018 ER PT J AU WEBSTER, JD CONGDON, RD LYONS, PC AF WEBSTER, JD CONGDON, RD LYONS, PC TI DETERMINING PRE-ERUPTIVE COMPOSITIONS OF LATE PALEOZOIC MAGMA FROM KAOLINIZED VOLCANIC ASHES - ANALYSIS OF GLASS INCLUSIONS IN QUARTZ MICROPHENOCRYSTS FROM TONSTEINS SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID MELT INCLUSIONS; BISHOP TUFF; PETROGENESIS; RHYOLITE; VOLATILE; WATER; H2O AB Glass inclusions in quartz microphenocrysts were analyzed for major and minor elements by electron microprobe and H, Li, Be, B, Rb, Sr, Y, Nb, Mo, Sn, Cs, Ce, Th, and U by ion microprobe. The phenocrysts and inclusions occur as fresh relicts in about eleven strongly kaolinized, air-fall volcanic ash units (tonsteins) that outcrop in five states located in the central Appalachian basin; the ashes were erupted during the Pennsylvanian. Even though the whole-rock tonstein samples are extremely altered, the glass trapped in quartz microphenocrysts preserves pre-eruptive melt compositions, and, consequently, the inclusions are useful for determining compositions of source magmas and identifying geochemical trends indicative of magmatic evolution. Interpretation of inclusion compositions indicates the strongly altered tonsteins were derived from potassium-enriched, metaluminous to mildly peraluminous magma(s). The tonsteins can be divided into two groups on the basis of trapped melt compositions: older tonsteins that have inclusions with high Sr and normative quartz contents and comparatively low concentrations of U, Th, Rb, Y, Cs, Nb, F, and Cl(+/-Be) and younger tonsteins whose inclusions contain low Sr and normative quartz and high concentrations of U, Th, Rb, Y, Cs, Nb, F, and Cl (+/-Be). In general, as concentrations of Sr decreased, the magmatic abundances of Rb, Y, Cs, Nb, U, Th, Cl, and F (+/-Be) increased. The associated magma or magmas were highly evolved, volatile enriched, and contained Rb, Nb, and Y abundances characteristic of continental within-plate granites; compositions ranged from high-silica rhyolite to topaz rhyolite. Pre-eruptive volatile abundances in the source magma(s) were generally high but also highly variable. Chlorine contents of melt(s) ranged from 0.02-0.23 wt%, and F ranged from 0.01 -0.7 wt%. Concentrations of H2O in melt(s) ranged from 1.6-6.5 wt%. The high pre-eruptive H2O contents are consistent with large eruptive volumes indicating the precursor rhyolites, which weathered to tonsteins, were a result of plinian eruptions. Even though pre-eruptive water concentrations exhibit no recognizable trends with any elements studied, magmatic evolution appears to have been a strong function of F and H2O in melt(s); the thermal stabilities of quartz and feldspar were controlled by F and H2O activities at pressures of approximately 0.5-1 kbar. C1 BUR LAND MANAGEMENT, ELKO DIST OFF, ELKO RESOURCE AREA, ELKO, NV 89801 USA. US GEOL SURVEY, NATL CTR, RESTON, VA 22092 USA. RP WEBSTER, JD (reprint author), AMER MUSEUM NAT HIST, DEPT MINERAL SCI, CENT PK W 79TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 USA. NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD FEB PY 1995 VL 59 IS 4 BP 711 EP 720 DI 10.1016/0016-7037(94)00356-Q PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QH991 UT WOS:A1995QH99100007 ER PT J AU PARSONS, T MCCARTHY, J AF PARSONS, T MCCARTHY, J TI THE ACTIVE SOUTHWEST MARGIN OF THE COLORADO PLATEAU - UPLIFT OF MANTLE ORIGIN SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; COMPOSITIONAL VARIATIONS; CENOZOIC UPLIFT; NORTH-AMERICA; GREAT-BASIN; MAGMATISM; ARIZONA; CALIFORNIA; EXTENSION AB During Cenozoic time, the Colorado Plateau was raised about 2 km above sea level. The most-recent and best-documented uplift of the plateau (approximately 1 km) has been concentrated at its southwest margin between 6 and 1 Ma, whereas the eastern Colorado Plateau may have been at high elevations since Eocene time. To better understand the recent tectonic activity at the southwest margin of the Colorado Plateau, we compile detailed crustal thickness and density information from seismic and gravity data for a region that includes northwest Arizona and the southern tip of Nevada. This information is used to isolate the mantle contribution to uplift. We find that there is relatively low density mantle underlying the southern margin of the plateau in northwest Arizona, which could result from about 60-80 km of thinning of the dense mantle lithosphere combined with about 100-degrees-C of heating through a 100-km-thick mantle layer. The available estimates from earthquake-source seismology in or near the study area are compatible with this estimate of lithospheric thinning. We speculate that uplift may result from subduction-related thinning of the continental lithosphere. RP PARSONS, T (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. RI Parsons, Tom/A-3424-2008; OI Parsons, Tom/0000-0002-0582-4338 NR 55 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 107 IS 2 BP 139 EP 147 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(1995)107<0139:TASMOT>2.3.CO;2 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA QF597 UT WOS:A1995QF59700002 ER PT J AU JOHN, DA AF JOHN, DA TI TILTED MIDDLE TERTIARY ASH-FLOW CALDERAS AND SUBJACENT GRANITIC PLUTONS, SOUTHERN STILLWATER RANGE, NEVADA - CROSS-SECTIONS OF AN OLIGOCENE IGNEOUS CENTER SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID WEST-CENTRAL NEVADA; VOLCANIC FIELD; SAWATCH RANGE; NEW-MEXICO; EVOLUTION; COLORADO; MOUNTAINS; DEPOSITS; ARIZONA; BASIN AB Steeply tilted late Oligocene caldera systems in the Stillwater caldera complex record a number of unusual features including extreme thickness of caldera-related deposits (>4-5.5 km), lack of conclusive evidence for structural doming of the calderas despite intrusion of cogenetic plutonic rocks, and preservation of vertical compositional zoning in the plutonic rocks. The Stillwater caldera complex comprises three partly overlapping ash-flow calderas and subjacent plutonic rocks that were steeply tilted during early Miocene extension. The calderas and cogenetic plutonic rocks are exposed in cross section over an unusually large depth range of approximately 10 km. The Job Canyon caldera, the oldest (ca. 29-28 Ma) caldera, consists of two structural blocks. The north block consists of 0-1500 m of precollapse intermediate composition lava flows and breccias overlain by 2000 m of intracaldera rhyolite ash-flow tuff locally interbedded with thick sequences of caldera-collapse breccia, overlain in turn by 2500 m of intermediate lava flows and minor lacustrine and fluvial sedimentary rocks. The south block consists of thinner sequences (total thickness less-than-or-equal-to 2500 m) of intermediate lava flows and ash-flow tuff with local interbedded collapse breccia. The north part of the caldera is intruded by the cogenetic IXL pluton, which is vertically zoned downward from granodiorite to quartz monzodiorite. The 25 to 23 Ma Poco Canyon and Elevenmile Canyon calderas and underlying Freeman Creek pluton overlap in time and space with each other. Caldera-related deposits in the Poco Canyon caldera comprise two cooling units of crystal-rich rhyolite and high-silica rhyolite tuff (tuff of Poco Canyon) separated by a unit of crystal-poor high-silica rhyolite tuff and caldera-collapse breccia (megabreccia of Government Trail Canyon) and by a thick unit of crystal-rich rhyolite and trachydacite ash-flow tuff related to the Elevenmile Canyon caldera (tuff of Elevenmile Canyon). Total thickness of caldera-related deposits is locally > 4500 m in the Poco Canyon caldera. The Elevenmile Canyon caldera is filled by > 3000 m of ash-flow tuff (tuff of Elevenmile Canyon), locally overlain by a unit of water-laid rhyolite tuff and sedimentary rocks and by a locally thick unit of rhyolite ash-flow tuff (tuff of Lee Canyon). Total thickness of caldera-related deposits in the Elevenmile Canyon caldera is > 4000 m. The composite Freeman Creek pluton intrudes the central and north parts of these calderas and consists of an older granodiorite porphyry phase probably related to the Elevenmile Canyon caldera and a younger granite phase probably related to the Poco Canyon caldera. A 7-km-long, texturally zoned rhyolite-porphyry to granite-porphyry dike intruded the north edges of these calderas and is probably a ring-fracture dike related to the Poco Canyon caldera. Caldera collapse occurred mostly along subvertical ring-fracture faults that penetrated to depths of > 5 km and were repeatedly active during eruption of ash-flow tuffs. Subsidiary growth faults with relatively minor displacement are present in caldera-related deposits in the interior of the Job Canyon caldera. A fault separating the two structural blocks of the Job Canyon caldera later served as the north walls of both the Poco Canyon and the Elevenmile Canyon calderas. A second, long-active fault formed the south margin of the Job Canyon caldera, separated the Poco Canyon and Elevenmile Canyon calderas into blocks with greatly different amounts of caldera-related deposits, and later was reactivated during early Miocene extension. The calderas collapsed as large piston-like blocks, and there is no evidence for chaotic collapse. Preserved parts of caldera floors are relatively flat surfaces several kilometers across. RP JOHN, DA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, MS 901, 345 MIDDLEFIELD RD, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. OI John, David/0000-0001-7977-9106 NR 47 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 107 IS 2 BP 180 EP 200 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(1995)107<0180:TMTAFC>2.3.CO;2 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA QF597 UT WOS:A1995QF59700005 ER PT J AU BARTH, AP WOODEN, JL TOSDAL, RM MORRISON, J AF BARTH, AP WOODEN, JL TOSDAL, RM MORRISON, J TI CRUSTAL CONTAMINATION IN THE PETROGENESIS OF A CALC-ALKALIC ROCK SERIES - JOSEPHINE MOUNTAIN INTRUSION, CALIFORNIA SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Review ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SAN-GABRIEL-MOUNTAINS; MESOZOIC GRANITIC ROCKS; CENOZOIC VOLCANIC-ROCKS; CENTRAL SIERRA-NEVADA; NORTHERN GREAT-BASIN; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; ALEUTIAN ARC; ISLAND-ARC; ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE AB The Josephine Mountain intrusion is a Cretaceous calc-alkalic tonalite-granite pluton emplaced at 22 km depth in a continental margin arc. Variable uplift of adjacent terranes in southern California since mid-Cretaceous time allows us to reconstruct the local crustal column and evaluate its role as a contaminant of mantle-derived arc magmas in this region. The parental magma of the intrusion was high-alumina basalt whose isotopic signature (Sr-87/Sr-86 = 0.7087; delta O-18 = 7.5; epsilon(Nd) = -10) cannot have been generated by intracrustal assimilation of known or inferred rock types in the middle or lower crust. Such a signature could have resulted from high-pressure fractionation of primary low-alumina basalt coupled with assimilation of felsic/pelitic lower crust, partial melting of enriched subcontinental mantle followed by high-pressure fractionation, or a combination of these processes. Tonalite of the intrusion was formed by fractionation of the parent magma coupled with assimilation of local felsic wall rocks or by crustal melts similar to slightly younger granite. Assessment of the magnitude of crustal contamination is hampered by uncertainty regarding the existence and role of partial melting of previously enriched subcontinental mantle in generating the parental basaltic magma, leading to concomitant uncertainty in the fraction of new continental crust created by such arc plutonism. C1 US GEOL SURVEY, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. UNIV SO CALIF, DEPT GEOL SCI, LOS ANGELES, CA 90089 USA. RP BARTH, AP (reprint author), INDIANA UNIV PURDUE UNIV, DEPT GEOL, INDIANAPOLIS, IN 46202 USA. NR 115 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 107 IS 2 BP 201 EP 212 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(1995)107<0201:CCITPO>2.3.CO;2 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA QF597 UT WOS:A1995QF59700006 ER PT J AU NIELSON, JE BERATAN, KK AF NIELSON, JE BERATAN, KK TI STRATIGRAPHIC AND STRUCTURAL SYNTHESIS OF A MIOCENE EXTENSIONAL TERRANE, SOUTHEAST CALIFORNIA AND WEST-CENTRAL ARIZONA SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID DETACHMENT FAULT SYSTEM; PEACH SPRINGS TUFF; WHIPPLE MOUNTAINS; EVOLUTION; HISTORY; BASIN AB Detailed stratigraphy and isotopic dating of stratigraphic sections in the Colorado River extensional corridor support a regional correlation of highly faulted Tertiary stratigraphic sequences and provide a chronologic framework for interpreting the evolution of low-angle normal (detachment) faults. On the basis of this correlation, we define six tilting domains in the upper plate of the Whipple, Chemehuevi, and Rawhide detachment faults and identify three discrete episodes of detachment faulting that began in the early Miocene and ended in middle Miocene time. Episodes of rapid detachment faulting are indicated by extreme tilting of upper-plate fault blocks and overlying Miocene sequences, fanning dips of basinal deposits, and angular unconformities that represent short time gaps in the accumulation of syntectonic sequences. During the first episode of detachment faulting at about 20 Ma, the upper plate segmented to form the domains. Basin subsidence and extreme tilting of upper-plate fault blocks and syntectonic deposits characterized the eastern Topock, Crossman, Aubrey, Parker Dam, and Buckskin-Rawhide domains, whereas the western Mopah domain was the site of abundant volcanic activity but no basins or tilting. A second episode of extension at about 18 Ma produced extreme tilts in the Buckskin-Rawhide domain but upper-plate blocks in the Mopah domain tilted moderately. A third regionwide faulting episode between 14 and 12 Ma was due to localized uplift of middle and lower crust and eventual exposure of the detachment faults and their footwalls. The upper-plate fault blocks responded passively to localized slip on the detachment faults. Rapid extension began on the Whipple-Chemehuevi detachment fault at 20 Ma and had shifted southward to the Buckskin-Rawhide detachment fault by 18 Ma; volcanic activity also shifted southward to the Buckskin-Rawhide domain at this time. The southward shift of rapid extension and volcanism probably represents buildup and release of strain at localized sites in the lower plate. Otherwise, stratigraphic and structural relations indicate that the locations of upper-plate basins, faulting and tilting of upper-plate blocks, and position of the breakaway zone remained stable throughout the major phases of extension. C1 UNIV PITTSBURGH,DEPT GEOL & PLANETARY SCI,PITTSBURGH,PA 15260. RP NIELSON, JE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS 975,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 61 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 107 IS 2 BP 241 EP 252 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(1995)107<0241:SASSOA>2.3.CO;2 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA QF597 UT WOS:A1995QF59700009 ER PT J AU WHEELER, RL AF WHEELER, RL TI EARTHQUAKES AND THE CRATONWARD LIMIT OF LAPETAN FAULTING IN EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTINENTAL-CRUST; RIFTED MARGIN; SEISMIC ZONE; QUEBEC; APPALACHIANS; CHARLEVOIX AB The cratonward limit of large normal faults in the passive margin of the Late Proterozoic to early Paleozoic Iapetus Ocean is a fundamental boundary for the assessment of seismic hazards in populous eastern North America. Earthquakes at five localities in the Iapetan margin have been attributed to compressional reactivation of Iapetan normal faults. The northwesternmost locations of known Iapetan faults, both seismic and currently aseismic, lie along a line from Labrador to Alabama. This line coincides approximately with the northwestward transition from a more seismically active continental rim to a generally less active cratonic interior. Thus, the northwestern boundary of Iapetan faults separates two large regions of mostly different seismic hazard. RP WHEELER, RL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,FED CTR,POB 25046,MS 966,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611 NR 26 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD FEB PY 1995 VL 23 IS 2 BP 105 EP 108 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0105:EATCLO>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA QF599 UT WOS:A1995QF59900003 ER PT J AU MOORE, JG BRYAN, WB BEESON, MH NORMARK, WR AF MOORE, JG BRYAN, WB BEESON, MH NORMARK, WR TI GIANT BLOCKS IN THE SOUTH KONA LANDSLIDE, HAWAII SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A large field of blocky sea-floor hills, up to 10 km long and 500 m high, are gigantic slide blocks derived from the west flank of Mauna Loa volcano on the island of Hawaii. These megablocks are embedded in the toe of the South Kona landslide, which extends approximately 80 km seaward from the present coastline to depths of nearly 5 km. A 10-15-km-wide belt of numerous, smaller, 1-3-km-long slide blocks separates the area of giant blocks from two submarine benches at depths of 2600 and 3700 m depth that terminate seaward 20 to 30 km from the shoreline. Similar giant blocks are found on several other major submarine Hawaiian landslides, including those north of Oahu and Molokai, but the South Kona blocks are the first to be examined in detail using high-resolution bathymetry, dredging, and submersible diving. Dredging of two of the giant blocks brought up pillowed tholeiitic lava. Observations from the U.S. Navy submersible Sea Cliff on the asymmetrically steep eastern flank of one block 10 km long and 300 m high revealed a succession of fractured massive basalt, laminar lava flows, hyaloclastite, and pillow lavas. Chemical analyses of dredged lava identified 19 units that overlap compositionally with lavas from the south rift-zone ridge of Mauna Loa. Sulfur content indicates that most of the lavas were erupted in subaerial and shallow submarine (<200 m depth) sites, but some were erupted in deeper submarine sites. These results indicate that the megablocks were carried by a late Pleistocene giant landslide 40-80 km west from the ancestral shoreline of Mauna Loa volcano before growth of the midslope benches by later slump movement. C1 WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. RP MOORE, JG (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611 NR 13 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD FEB PY 1995 VL 23 IS 2 BP 125 EP 128 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0125:GBITSK>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA QF599 UT WOS:A1995QF59900008 ER PT J AU PARSONS, T CHRISTENSEN, NI WILSHIRE, HG AF PARSONS, T CHRISTENSEN, NI WILSHIRE, HG TI VELOCITIES OF SOUTHERN BASIN AND RANGE XENOLITHS - INSIGHTS ON THE NATURE OF LOWER CRUSTAL REFLECTIVITY AND COMPOSITION SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA; EVOLUTION; ARIZONA; REGION AB To reconcile differences between the assessments of crustal composition in the southern Basin and Range province on the basis of seismic refraction and reflection data and lower-crustal xenoliths, we measured velocities of xenoliths from the Cima volcanic field in southern California. Lower-crustal samples studied included gabbro, microgabbro, and pyroxenite. We find that the mafic xenolith velocities are compatible with regional in situ measurements from seismic refraction studies, provided that a mixture of gabbro and pyroxenite is present in the lower crust. Supporting this model are observations that many of the lower-crustal xenoliths from the Cima volcanic field are composites of these rock types, with igneous contacts. Vertical incidence synthetic seismograms show that a gabbroic lower crust with occasional pyroxenite layering can produce a reflective lower crust that is similar in texture to that shown by seismic reflection data recorded nearby. C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT EARTH & ATMOSPHER SCI,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP PARSONS, T (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS-999,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. RI Parsons, Tom/A-3424-2008; OI Parsons, Tom/0000-0002-0582-4338 NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD FEB PY 1995 VL 23 IS 2 BP 129 EP 132 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0129:VOSBAR>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA QF599 UT WOS:A1995QF59900009 ER PT J AU POTTER, CJ DUBIEL, RF SNEE, LW GOOD, SC AF POTTER, CJ DUBIEL, RF SNEE, LW GOOD, SC TI EOCENE EXTENSION OF EARLY EOCENE LACUSTRINE STRATA IN A COMPLEXLY DEFORMED SEVIER-LARAMIDE HINTERLAND, NORTHWEST UTAH AND NORTHEAST NEVADA SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TERTIARY; GEOCHRONOLOGY; MAGMATISM; PATTERNS AB New data from a small enclave that did not undergo significant Neogene tectonism in northwest Utah document Eocene tilting, normal faulting, and folding of the early Eocene lacustrine White Sage Formation. This deformation was part of a complexly deformed Eocene Sevier-Laramide hinterland that underwent east-west contraction and extension in different areas and ultimately gave way to widespread Oligocene extension in the eastern Great Basin. Such ''mixed-mode'' supracrustal Eocene tectonism may reflect local adjustments to maintain a state of regional gravitational equilibrium, or may record responses to changing plate convergence rates at the west edge of the continent. C1 SUNY COLL CORTLAND,DEPT GEOL,CORTLAND,NY 13045. RP POTTER, CJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. RI Rohlf, F/A-8710-2008 NR 27 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD FEB PY 1995 VL 23 IS 2 BP 181 EP 184 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0181:EEOEEL>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA QF599 UT WOS:A1995QF59900022 ER PT J AU WEBB, FH BURSIK, M DIXON, T FARINA, F MARSHALL, G STEIN, RS AF WEBB, FH BURSIK, M DIXON, T FARINA, F MARSHALL, G STEIN, RS TI INFLATION OF LONG VALLEY CALDERA FROM 1 YEAR OF CONTINUOUS GPS OBSERVATIONS SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EASTERN CALIFORNIA; CAMPI FLEGREI AB A permanent Global Positioning System receiver at Casa Diablo Hot Springs, Long Valley Caldera, California was installed in January, 1993, and has operated almost continuously since then. The data have been transmitted daily to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for routine analysis with data from the Fiducial Laboratories for an international Natural sciences Network (FLINN) by the JPL FLINN analysis center. Results from these analyses have been used to interpret the on going deformation at Long Valley, with data excluded from periods when the antenna was covered under 2.5 meters of snow and from some periods when Anti Spoofing was enforced on the GPS signal. The remaining time series suggests that uplift of the resurgent dome of Long Valley Caldera during 1993 has been 2.5 +/- 1.1 cm/yr and horizontal motion has been 3.0 +/- 0.7 cm/yr at S53W in a no-net-rotation global reference frame, or 1.5 +/- 0.7 cm/yr at S14W relative to the Sierra Nevada block. These rates are consistent with uplift predicted from frequent horizontal strain measurements. Spectral analysis of the observations suggests that tidal forcing of the magma chamber is not a source of the variability in the 3 dimensional station location. These results suggest that remotely operated, continuously recording GPS receivers could prove to be a reliable tool for volcano monitoring throughout the world. C1 SUNY BUFFALO,DEPT GEOL,BUFFALO,NY 14260. UNIV MIAMI,ROSENSTIEL SCH MARINE & ATMOSPHER SCI,DIV MARINE GEOL & GEOPHYS,VIRGINIA KEY,FL 33149. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP WEBB, FH (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,4800 OAK GROVE DR,MS 238-600,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 1995 VL 22 IS 3 BP 195 EP 198 DI 10.1029/94GL02968 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA QJ211 UT WOS:A1995QJ21100004 ER PT J AU MOLNIA, BF AF MOLNIA, BF TI GLACIOLOGY SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Article RP MOLNIA, BF (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,917 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD FEB PY 1995 VL 40 IS 2 BP 19 EP 19 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA QF054 UT WOS:A1995QF05400013 ER PT J AU EDWARDS, LE WICANDER, ER AF EDWARDS, LE WICANDER, ER TI PALYNOLOGY SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Article RP EDWARDS, LE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,AMER ASSOC STRATIG PALYNOLOGISTS,970 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD FEB PY 1995 VL 40 IS 2 BP 26 EP 27 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA QF054 UT WOS:A1995QF05400024 ER PT J AU GRAY, JE AF GRAY, JE TI EXPLORATION CHEMISTRY SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Article RP GRAY, JE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,GEOCHEM BRANCH,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD FEB PY 1995 VL 40 IS 2 BP 32 EP 33 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA QF054 UT WOS:A1995QF05400032 ER PT J AU FISCHER, JN AF FISCHER, JN TI HYDROGEOLOGY SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Article RP FISCHER, JN (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,408 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD FEB PY 1995 VL 40 IS 2 BP 34 EP 35 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA QF054 UT WOS:A1995QF05400034 ER PT J AU MCEWEN, AS AF MCEWEN, AS TI SO2-RICH EQUATORIAL BASINS AND EPEIROGENY OF IO SO ICARUS LA English DT Article ID HEAT-TRANSFER; IOS SURFACE; GALILEAN SATELLITES; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; INTERNAL STRUCTURE; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; TOPOGRAPHY; UPLIFT; FROST; FLOW AB The mast concentrated deposits of SO2 frost on Io occur within a series of large equatorial basins. About 30% of the surface is covered by SO2 outside of the basins, increasing to more than 50% within the basins. This pattern is poorly expressed in the region from longitude 240 degrees to 360 degrees where bright areas are frequently buried by the fallout from the large Pele-type plumes. The fourfold pattern of alternating basins and swells in Io's equatorial region is similar to the heat-flow pattern predicted from tidal heating in a thin, partially molten asthenosphere. However, the topographic pattern is offset from the predicted heat-flow pattern; thus it is unclear whether topographic highs correspond to regions of higher or lower predicted heat flow. These two possibilities imply two very different models for Io's highlands: a thermal-uplift model or a continental-crust model. In the thermal-uplift model, the regions of enhanced asthenospheric heating cause lithospheric thinning and isostatic uplift, perhaps accompanied by uplift due to penetrative magmatism or basaltic underplating. In the continental-crust model, ''continents'' of differentiated crust float on low-density roots, the crust and lithosphere are approximately one and the same, and basal melting controls its thickness. Although both models are plausible, the thermal-uplift model best explains the SO, distribution. Cold trapping must be important for concentrating SO2 frost in optically thick patches; thus either cold traps are preferentially initiated over large basin areas or they are preferentially removed from the highlands. The patchy distribution and approximately 30% SO2 coverage of the highlands show that cold traps are abundant here, but not extensive; thus the SO2 must be preferentially removed and/or buried. Higher heat hows in the highlands should lead to increased volatilization of SO2 frost, and a greater frequency of relatively SO2-poor volcanism should tend to bury frost patches. This model links asthenospheric tidal heating, large-scale heat flow and topography, volcanic activity, and the global distribution of surface SO2, and it leads to several specific predictions for future observations. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. RP MCEWEN, AS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001, USA. NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD FEB PY 1995 VL 113 IS 2 BP 415 EP 422 DI 10.1006/icar.1995.1031 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA QN154 UT WOS:A1995QN15400011 ER PT J AU LANDA, ER LE, AH LUCK, RL YEICH, PJ AF LANDA, ER LE, AH LUCK, RL YEICH, PJ TI SORPTION AND COPRECIPITATION OF TRACE CONCENTRATIONS OF THORIUM WITH VARIOUS MINERALS UNDER CONDITIONS SIMULATING AN ACID URANIUM MILL EFFLUENT ENVIRONMENT SO INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE SORPTION; COPRECIPITATION; THORIUM COMPLEXES; MINERAL COMPLEXES AB Sorption of thorium by pre-existing crystals of anglesite (PbSO4), apatite (Ca-5(PO4)(3)(OH)), barite (BaSO4), bentonite (Na0.7Al3.3Mg0.7Si8O20(OH)(4)), celestite (SrSO4), fluorite (CaF2), galena (PbS), gypsum (CaSO4 . 2H(2)O), hematite (Fe2O3), jarosite (KFe3(SO4)(2)(OH)(6)), kaolinite (Al2O3 . 2SiO(2) . 2H(2)O), quartz (SiO2) and sodium feldspar (NaAlSi3O8) was studied under conditions that simulate an acidic uranium mill effluent environment. Up to 100% removal of trace quantities of thorium (approx. 1.00 ppm in 0.01 N H2SO4) from solution occurred within 3 h with fluorite and within 48 h in the case of bentonite. Quartz, jarosite, hematite, sodium feldspar, gypsum and galena removed less than 15% of the thorium from solution. In the coprecipitation studies, barite, anglesite, gypsum and celestite were formed in the presence of thorium (approx. 1.00 ppm). Approximately all of the thorium present in solution coprecipitated with barite and celestite; 95% coprecipitated with anglesite and less than 5% with gypsum under similar conditions. When jarosite was precipitated in the presence of thorium, a significant amount of thorium (78%) was incorporated in the precipitate. C1 AMERICAN UNIV,DEPT CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20016. US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,DIV DAHLGREN,MAT TECHNOL BRANCH,SILVER SPRING,MD 20903. NR 18 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1693 J9 INORG CHIM ACTA JI Inorg. Chim. Acta PD FEB PY 1995 VL 229 IS 1-2 BP 247 EP 252 DI 10.1016/0020-1693(94)04251-P PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA QN475 UT WOS:A1995QN47500034 ER PT J AU GRIMES, DJ FICKLIN, WH MEIER, AL MCHUGH, JB AF GRIMES, DJ FICKLIN, WH MEIER, AL MCHUGH, JB TI ANOMALOUS GOLD, ANTIMONY, ARSENIC, AND TUNGSTEN IN-GROUND WATER AND ALLUVIUM AROUND DISSEMINATED GOLD DEPOSITS ALONG THE GETCHELL TREND, HUMBOLDT COUNTY, NEVADA SO JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION LA English DT Article ID SOLUBILITY; EXPLORATION; SPECIATION; EXCHANGE; SILVER AB Ground-water, alluvium, and bedrock samples were collected from drill holes near the Chimney Creek, Preble, Summer Camp, and Rabbit Creek disseminated gold deposits in northern Nevada to determine if Au and ore-related metals, such as As, Sb, and W, are being hydromorphically mobilized from buried mineralized rock, and, if they are, to determine whether the metal-enriched ground water is reacting with the alluvial material to produce a geochemical anomaly within the overburden. Results of chemical analyses of drill-hole water samples show the presence of hydromorphic dispersion anomalies of Au, As, Sb, and W in the local ground-water systems associated with these deposits. Background concentrations for Au in the ground water up-gradient from the buried deposits was less than 1 nanogram per liter (ng/L), near the deposits the Au values ranged from I to 140 ng/ L, and in drill holes penetrating mineralized rock, concentrations of Au in the ground water were as high as 4700 ng/L. Highest concentrations of Au were found in ground-water samples where the measured E(h) and the distribution of arsenic species, arsenite [As(III)] and arsenate [As(V)], indicated oxidizing redox potentials. Similarly, As, Sb, and W concentrations in the ground water near the deposits were significantly enriched relative to concentrations in the ground water up-gradient from the deposits. In general, however, the highest concentrations of As, Sb, and W occurred in ground-water samples where the measured E(h) and the distribution of arsenic species indicated reducing conditions. Arsenic concentrations ranged from 9 to 710 micrograms per liter (mu g/L); Sb, from less than 0.1 to 250 mu g/L; and W, from I to 260 mu g/L. In addition, analysis of sequential dissolution and extraction solutions of drill cuttings of alluvium and bedrock indicate geochemical anomalies of gold and ore-related metals in the overburden at depths corresponding to the location of the present-day water table. This relationship suggests that water-rock reactions around these buried deposits are active and that this information could be very useful in exploration programs for concealed disseminated gold deposits. RP GRIMES, DJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,FED CTR,MAIL STOP 973,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 28 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-6742 J9 J GEOCHEM EXPLOR JI J. Geochem. Explor. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 52 IS 3 BP 351 EP 371 DI 10.1016/0375-6742(94)00023-5 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QW235 UT WOS:A1995QW23500004 ER PT J AU CHEN, CL AF CHEN, CL TI UNIQUE LAMINAR-FLOW STABILITY LIMIT BASED ON SHALLOW-WATER THEORY - REPLY SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Discussion RP CHEN, CL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,WESTERN REG,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MAIL STOP 496,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD FEB PY 1995 VL 121 IS 2 BP 213 EP 214 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1995)121:2(213) PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA QD422 UT WOS:A1995QD42200013 ER PT J AU LOVLEY, DR AF LOVLEY, DR TI BIOREMEDIATION OF ORGANIC AND METAL CONTAMINANTS WITH DISSIMILATORY METAL REDUCTION SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE BIOREMEDIATION; DISSIMILATORY METAL REDUCTION; METAL TRANSFORMATIONS ID ENTEROBACTER-CLOACAE STRAIN; MERCURY-RESISTANT-BACTERIA; CHROMATE-REDUCING STRAIN; SELENATE REDUCTION; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; DENITRIFYING CONDITIONS; ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS; AQUIFER MICROORGANISMS; MICROBIAL-DEGRADATION; HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM AB Dissimilatory metal reduction has the potential to be a helpful mechanism for both intrinsic and engineered bioremediation of contaminated environments. Dissimilatory Fe(III) reduction is an important intrinsic process for removing organic contaminants from aquifers contaminated with petroleum or landfill leachate. Stimulation of microbial Fe(III) reduction can enhance the degradation of organic contaminants in ground water. Dissimilatory reduction of uranium, selenium, chromium, technetium, and possibly other metals, can convert soluble metal species to insoluble forms that can readily be removed from contaminated waters or waste streams. Reduction of mercury can volatilize mercury from waters and seas. Despite its potential, there has as yet been limited applied research into the use of dissimilatory metal reduction as a bioremediation tool. RP LOVLEY, DR (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,430 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 114 TC 174 Z9 190 U1 5 U2 58 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HANTS, ENGLAND RG21 2XS SN 0169-4146 J9 J IND MICROBIOL JI J. Indust. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 14 IS 2 BP 85 EP 93 DI 10.1007/BF01569889 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA RF468 UT WOS:A1995RF46800004 PM 7766214 ER PT J AU ROBARDS, MD PIATT, JF WOHL, KD AF ROBARDS, MD PIATT, JF WOHL, KD TI INCREASING FREQUENCY OF PLASTIC PARTICLES INGESTED BY SEABIRDS IN THE SUB-ARCTIC NORTH PACIFIC SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID OCEAN AB We examined gut contents of 1799 seabirds comprising 24 species collected in 1988-1990 to assess the types and quantities of plastic particles ingested by seabirds in the subarctic waters of Alaska. Of the 15 species found to ingest plastic, most were surface-feeders (shearwaters, petrels, gulls) or plankton-feeding divers (auklets, puffins). Of 4417 plastic particles examined, 76% were industrial pellets and 21% were fragments of 'user' plastic. Ingestion rates varied geographically, but no trends were evident and rates of plastic ingestion varied far more among species within areas than within species among areas. Comparison with similar data from 1968 seabirds comprising 37 species collected in 1969-1977 revealed that plastic ingestion by seabirds has increased significantly during the 10-15-year interval between studies. This was demonstrated by: (i) an increase in the total number of species ingesting plastic; (ii) an increase in the frequency of occurrence of plastic particles within species that ingested plastic; and, (iii) an increase in the mean number of plastic particles ingested by individuals of those species. RP US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, ALASKA FISH & WILDLIFE RES CTR, NATL BIOL SURVEY, 1011 E TUDOR RD, ANCHORAGE, AK 99503 USA. NR 17 TC 74 Z9 79 U1 3 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 30 IS 2 BP 151 EP 157 DI 10.1016/0025-326X(94)00121-O PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA QM592 UT WOS:A1995QM59200009 ER PT J AU HEMPHILLHALEY, E AF HEMPHILLHALEY, E TI INTERTIDAL DIATOMS FROM WILLAPA BAY, WASHINGTON - APPLICATION TO STUDIES OF SMALL-SCALE SEA-LEVEL CHANGES SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Sea-level reconstructions using estuarine diatoms are generally constrained by the absence of detailed ecological data regarding the distributions of modern intertidal species. As part of an on-going study to assess the biostratigraphic record of relative sea-level changes triggered by earthquakes in the Pacific Northwest, modern intertidal diatoms were collected in surface samples from northern Willapa Bay, Washington. Q-mode factor analysis was used to classify assemblages from tidal flats and banks, shallow subtidal channels, low and high marshes along two intertidal transects on the Niawiakum River, and in intertidal samples from the open bay. Autochthonous taxa dominated the assemblages, but in some cases probable allochthonous taxa scored relatively high in the factor analysis. The results of the analysis suggests that diatoms can be used to identify three elevational zones relative to tidal level: (1) intertidal flats, channel banks, and shallow subtidal channels, below approximate mean lower high water (MLHW); (2) low marshes approximately between MLHW and mean higher high water (MHHW; and (3) high marshes approximately between MHHW and extreme high water (EHW). The marsh-upland transition, near EHW, coincides with the terminus of regular diatom productivity and is recognizable by the disappearance of high-marsh diatoms in soil deposits. Absolute elevations of the ecological zones are constrained by local tidal range. Because of the cosmopolitan distributions of many of the species observed in this study, these data are probably applicable to studies of Quaternary sea-level change and paleoseismicity throughout the coastal Pacific Northwest. RP HEMPHILLHALEY, E (reprint author), UNIV OREGON,DEPT GEOL SCI 1272,US GEOL SURVEY,EUGENE,OR 97403, USA. NR 0 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PRESS PI PULLMAN PA COOPER PUBLICATIONS BLDG, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 69 IS 1 BP 29 EP 45 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QR449 UT WOS:A1995QR44900004 ER PT J AU SZABO, BJ HAYNES, CV MAXWELL, TA AF SZABO, BJ HAYNES, CV MAXWELL, TA TI AGES OF QUATERNARY PLUVIAL EPISODES DETERMINED BY URANIUM-SERIES AND RADIOCARBON DATING OF LACUSTRINE DEPOSITS OF EASTERN SAHARA SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AFRICA; CARBONATES; SEDIMENTS; OASIS; EGYPT; SEA AB As documented by radiocarbon dating and geoarchaeological investigations, the now hyperarid northwestern Sudan and southwestern Egypt experienced a period of greater effective moisture during early and middle Holocene time, about 10-5 ka. We have used the uranium-series technique to date lacustrine carbonates from Bir Tarfawi, Bir Sahara East, Wadi Hussein, Oyo Depression, and the Great Selima Sand Sheet localities. Results indicate five paleolake-forming episodes occurred at about 320-250, 240-190, 155-120, 90-65 and 10-5 ka. Four of these five pluvial episodes may be correlated with major interglacial stages 9, 7, 5e, and 1; the 90-65 ka episode may be correlated with substage 5c or 5a. Our results support the contention that past pluvial episodes in North Africa corresponded to the interglacial periods farther north. Ages of lacustrine carbonates from existing eases and from the sand sheet fail to indicate pluvial conditions between about 60 and 30 ka. Age results and held relationships suggest that the;oldest lake- and ground-water-deposited carbonates were much more extensive than those of the younger period, and that carbonate of the latest wet periods were geographically localized within depressions and buried channels. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT ANTHROPOL & GEOSCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721. SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL AIR & SPACE MUSEUM,CTR EARTH & PLANETARY STUDIES,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP SZABO, BJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,MS 974,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 43 TC 97 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 113 IS 2-4 BP 227 EP 242 DI 10.1016/0031-0182(95)00052-N PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA QN177 UT WOS:A1995QN17700007 ER PT J AU POAG, CW AUBRY, MP AF POAG, CW AUBRY, MP TI UPPER EOCENE IMPACTITES OF THE US EAST-COAST - DEPOSITIONAL ORIGINS, BIOSTRATIGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK, AND CORRELATION SO PALAIOS LA English DT Article ID DRILLING PROJECT SITE-612; MULTIPLE MICROTEKTITE HORIZONS; NEW-JERSEY TRANSECT; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; MASS EXTINCTIONS; BOLIDE EVENT; WAVE DEPOSIT; ATLANTIC; LEG-95; SLOPE AB Similar successions of planktonic foraminifera, calcareous nannofossils, and bolboformids document coeval deposition of the Exmore impact breccia (Virginia Coastal Plain) and art impact ejecta layer at DSDP Site 612 (New Jersey Continental Slope). Both impactites accumulated in the late Eocene during the early part of biochrons P15 (planktonic foraminifera) and NP 19-20 (calcareous nanofossils), approximately 35.5-35.2 Ma. The impactite at Site 612 is part of an allochthonous debriite, 22.8 cm thick, displaced from the Toms Canyon impact crater, 40 km north-northwest of Site 612. The Exmore breccia, possibly 2000 m thick, is composed of debris displaced from the Chesapeake Bay impact crater, located in southeastern Virginia, 330 km southwest of Site 612. C1 CNRS,GEOL QUATERNAIRE LAB,F-13288 MARSEILLE,FRANCE. RP POAG, CW (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 64 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 1731 E 71ST STREET, TULSA, OK 74136-5108 SN 0883-1351 J9 PALAIOS JI Palaios PD FEB PY 1995 VL 10 IS 1 BP 16 EP 43 DI 10.2307/3515005 PG 28 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA QM373 UT WOS:A1995QM37300003 ER PT J AU OSHIMA, KH ARAKAWA, CK HIGMAN, KH LANDOLT, ML NICHOL, ST WINTON, JR AF OSHIMA, KH ARAKAWA, CK HIGMAN, KH LANDOLT, ML NICHOL, ST WINTON, JR TI THE GENETIC DIVERSITY AND EPIZOOTIOLOGY OF INFECTIOUS HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS VIRUS SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE GENETIC VARIATION; RHABDOVIRUS; SALMONID; IHNV ID VESICULAR STOMATITIS-VIRUS; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; DEFECTIVE-INTERFERING PARTICLES; HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA VIRUS; FISH RHABDOVIRUS; RNA VIRUSES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; NUCLEOCAPSID GENE; GENOMIC DIVERSITY; ERROR FREQUENCIES AB Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is a rhabdovirus which causes a serious disease in salmonid fish. The T1 ribonuclease fingerprinting method was used to compare the RNA genomes of 26 isolates of IHNV recovered from sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha), and steelhead trout (O. mykiss) throughout the enzootic portion of western North America. Most of the isolates analyzed in this study were from a single year (1987) to limit time of isolation as a source of genetic variation. In addition, isolates from different years collected at three sites were analyzed to investigate genetic drift or evolution of IHNV within specific locations. All of the isolates examined by T1 fingerprint analysis contained less than a 50% variation in spot location and were represented by a single fingerprint group. The observed variation was estimated to correspond to less than 5% variation in the nucleic acid sequence. However, sufficient variation was detected to separate the isolates into four subgroups which appeared to correlate to different geographic regions. Host species appeared not to be a significant source of variation. The evolutionary and epizootiologic significance of these findings and their relationship to other evidence of genetic variation in IHNV isolates are discussed. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON, SCH FISHERIES, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA. UNIV NEVADA, CELL & MOLEC BIOL PROGRAM, RENO, NV 89557 USA. UNIV NEVADA, DEPT BIOCHEM, RENO, NV 89557 USA. RP OSHIMA, KH (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, NATL FISHERIES RES CTR, BLDG 204, NAVAL STN, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA. NR 60 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 35 IS 2 BP 123 EP 141 DI 10.1016/0168-1702(94)00086-R PG 19 WC Virology SC Virology GA QJ653 UT WOS:A1995QJ65300002 PM 7762287 ER PT J AU KRABBENHOFT, DP BENOIT, JM BABIARZ, CL HURLEY, JP ANDREN, AW AF KRABBENHOFT, DP BENOIT, JM BABIARZ, CL HURLEY, JP ANDREN, AW TI MERCURY CYCLING IN THE ALLEQUASH CREEK WATERSHED, NORTHERN WISCONSIN SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Mercury as a Global Pollutant CY JUL 10-14, 1994 CL WHISTLER, CANADA SP Elect Power Res Inst, Environm Canada, Atmospher Environm Serv, Frontier Geosci, Hlth Canada, Ontario Hydro, Dept Environm Protect, Florida, Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, US FDA ID TRANSPORT; LAKES; EXCHANGE; LEVEL AB Although there have been recent significant gains in our understanding of mercury (Hg) cycling in aquatic environments, few studies have addressed Hg cycling on a watershed scale. In particular, attention to Hg species transfer between watershed components (upland soils, groundwater, wetlands, streams, and lakes) has been lacking. This study describes spatial and temporal distributions of total Hg and MeHg among watershed components of the Allequash Creek watershed (northern Wisconsin, USA). Substantial increases in total Hg and MeHg were observed as groundwater discharged through peat to form springs that flow into the stream, or rivulets that drain across the surface of the wetland. This increase was concomitant with increases in DOC. During fall, when the Allequash Creek wetland released a substantial amount of DOC to the stream, a 2-3 fold increase in total Hg concentrations was observed along the entire length of the stream. Methylmercury, however, did not show a similar response. Substantial variability was observed in total Hg (0.9 to 6.3) and MeHg (<0.02 to 0.33) concentrations during synoptic surveys of the entire creek. For the Allequash Creek watershed, the contributing groundwater basin is about 50% larger than the topographic drainage basin. Total Hg concentrations in groundwater, the area of the groundwater basin, and annual stream flow data give a watershed-yield rate of 1.2 mg/km(2)/d, which equates to a retention rate of 96%. The calculated MeHg yield rate for the wetland area is 0.6 to 1.5 mg/km(2)/d, a value that is 3-6 fold greater than the atmospheric deposition rate. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,WATER CHEM PROGRAM,MADISON,WI 53706. WISCONSIN DEPT NAT RESOURCES,BUR RES,MONONA,WI 53716. RP KRABBENHOFT, DP (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,MADISON,WI 53719, USA. RI Hurley, James/A-9216-2010 NR 16 TC 114 Z9 115 U1 1 U2 10 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 80 IS 1-4 BP 425 EP 433 DI 10.1007/BF01189692 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA RM442 UT WOS:A1995RM44200047 ER PT J AU FACEMIRE, C AUGSPURGER, T BATEMAN, D BRIM, M CONZELMANN, P DELCHAMPS, S DOUGLAS, E INMON, L LOONEY, K LOPEZ, F MASSON, G MORRISON, D MORSE, N ROBISON, A AF FACEMIRE, C AUGSPURGER, T BATEMAN, D BRIM, M CONZELMANN, P DELCHAMPS, S DOUGLAS, E INMON, L LOONEY, K LOPEZ, F MASSON, G MORRISON, D MORSE, N ROBISON, A TI IMPACTS OF MERCURY CONTAMINATION IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Mercury as a Global Pollutant CY JUL 10-14, 1994 CL WHISTLER, CANADA SP Elect Power Res Inst, Environm Canada, Atmospher Environm Serv, Frontier Geosci, Hlth Canada, Ontario Hydro, Dept Environm Protect, Florida, Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, US FDA AB Mercury (Hg) contamination from a variety of point and non-point sources, including atmospheric inputs, is currently considered to be the most serious environmental threat to the well being of fish and wildlife resources in the southeastern United States, Fish consumption advisories have been issued in all ten states comprising the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Southeast Region. Both freshwater and marine species have been affected with levels ranging as high as 7.0 ppm in some individuals. Many other species, including various species of reptiles, birds and mammals (including humans) are also contaminated. Impacts noted range from reproductive impairment to mortality. RP FACEMIRE, C (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,1875 CENTURY BLVD,ATLANTA,GA 30345, USA. NR 11 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 80 IS 1-4 BP 923 EP 926 DI 10.1007/BF01189745 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA RM442 UT WOS:A1995RM44200100 ER PT J AU STOLLENWERK, KG AF STOLLENWERK, KG TI MODELING THE EFFECTS OF VARIABLE GROUNDWATER CHEMISTRY ON ADSORPTION OF MOLYBDATE SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HYDROUS FERRIC-OXIDE; SURFACE-IONIZATION; TRANSPORT; COMPLEXATION; PHOSPHATE; SORPTION; MECHANISMS; COMPONENTS; SELENITE; MOVEMENT AB Laboratory experiments were used to identify and quantify processes having a significant effect on molybdate (MoO42-) adsorption in a shallow alluvial aquifer on Cape God, Massachusetts. Aqueous chemistry in the aquifer changes as a result of treated sewage effluent mixing with groundwater. Molybdate adsorption decreased as pH, ionic strength, and the concentration of competing anions increased. A diffuse-layer surface complexation model was used to simulate adsorption of MoO42-, phosphate (PO43-), and sulfate (SO42-) on aquifer sediment. Equilibrium constants for the model were calculated by calibration to data from batch experiments. The model was then used in a one-dimensional solute transport program to successfully simulate initial breakthrough of MoO42- from column experiments. A shortcoming of the solute transport program was the inability to account for kinetics of physical and chemical processes. This resulted in a failure of the model to predict the slow rate of desorption of MoO42- from the columns. The mobility of MoO42- increased with ionic strength and with the formation of aqueous complexes with calcium, magnesium, and sodium. Failure to account for MoO42- speciation and ionic strength in the model resulted in overpredicting MoO42- adsorption. Qualitatively, the laboratory data predicted the observed behavior Of MoO42- in the aquifer, where retardation of MoO42- was greatest in uncontaminated groundwater having low pH, low ionic strength, and low concentrations of PO43- and SO42-. RP STOLLENWERK, KG (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, CTR FED, MS 413, BOX 25046, DENVER, CO 80225 USA. NR 45 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 31 IS 2 BP 347 EP 357 DI 10.1029/94WR02675 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA QH493 UT WOS:A1995QH49300010 ER PT J AU CHAPELLE, FH MCMAHON, PB DUBROVSKY, NM FUJII, RF OAKSFORD, ET VROBLESKY, DA AF CHAPELLE, FH MCMAHON, PB DUBROVSKY, NM FUJII, RF OAKSFORD, ET VROBLESKY, DA TI DEDUCING THE DISTRIBUTION OF TERMINAL ELECTRON-ACCEPTING PROCESSES IN HYDROLOGICALLY DIVERSE GROUNDWATER SYSTEMS SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COASTAL-PLAIN AQUIFERS; CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; SULFATE REDUCTION; IRON REDUCTION; SOUTH-DAKOTA; GEOCHEMISTRY; SEDIMENTS; TOLUENE; WATER AB The distribution of microbially mediated terminal electron-accepting processes (TEAPs) was investigated in four hydrologically diverse groundwater systems by considering patterns of electron acceptor (nitrate, sulfate) consumption, intermediate product (hydrogen (H-2)) concentrations, and final product (ferrous iron, sulfide, and methane) production. In each hydrologic system a determination of predominant TEAPs could be arrived at, but the level of confidence appropriate for each determination differed. In a portion of the lacustrine aquifer of the San Joaquin Valley, for example, all three indicators (sulfate concentrations decreasing, H-2 concentrations in the 1-2 nmol range, and sulfide concentrations increasing along flow paths identified sulfate reduction as the predominant TEAP, leading to a high degree of confidence in the determination. In portions of the Floridan aquifer and a petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated aquifer, sulfate reduction and methanogenesis are indicated by production of sulfide and methane, and hydrogen concentrations in the 1-4 nmol and 5-14 nmol range, respectively. However, because electron acceptor consumption could not be documented in these systems, less confidence is warranted in the TEAP determination. In the Black Creek aquifer, no pattern of sulfate consumption and sulfide production were observed, but H, concentrations indicated sulfate reduction as the predominant TEAP. In this case, where just a single line of evidence is available, the least confidence in the TEAP diagnosis is justified. Because this methodology is based on measurable water chemistry parameters and upon the physiology of microbial electron transfer processes, it provides a better description of predominant redox processes in groundwater systems than more traditional Eh-based methods. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. US GEOL SURVEY,SACRAMENTO,CA. US GEOL SURVEY,TALLAHASSEE,FL. RP CHAPELLE, FH (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,STEPHENSON CTR,720 GRACERN RD,SUITE 129,COLUMBIA,SC 29210, USA. NR 36 TC 180 Z9 181 U1 6 U2 31 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 31 IS 2 BP 359 EP 371 DI 10.1029/94WR02525 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA QH493 UT WOS:A1995QH49300011 ER PT J AU BAEHR, AL JOSS, CJ AF BAEHR, AL JOSS, CJ TI AN UPDATED MODEL OF INDUCED AIR-FLOW IN THE UNSATURATED ZONE SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Note AB Simulation of induced movement of air in the unsaturated zone provides a method to determine permeability and to design vapor extraction remediation systems. A previously published solution to the airflow equation for the case in which the unsaturated zone is separated from the atmosphere by a layer of lower permeability (such as a clay layer) has been superseded. The new solution simulates airflow through the layer of lower permeability more rigorously by defining the leakage in terms of the upper boundary condition rather than by adding a leakage term to the governing airflow equation. This note presents the derivation of the new solution. Formulas for steady state pressure, specific discharge, and mass flow in the domain are obtained for the new model and for the case in which the unsaturated zone is in direct contact with the atmosphere. C1 DREXEL UNIV,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. RP BAEHR, AL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,810 BEAR TAVERN RD,W TRENTON,NJ 08628, USA. NR 5 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 31 IS 2 BP 417 EP 421 DI 10.1029/94WR02423 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA QH493 UT WOS:A1995QH49300016 ER PT J AU SIMS, KWW DEPAOLO, DJ MURRELL, MT BALDRIDGE, WS GOLDSTEIN, SJ CLAGUE, DA AF SIMS, KWW DEPAOLO, DJ MURRELL, MT BALDRIDGE, WS GOLDSTEIN, SJ CLAGUE, DA TI MECHANISMS OF MAGMA GENERATION BENEATH HAWAII AND MIDOCEAN RIDGES - URANIUM/THORIUM AND SAMARIUM/NEODYMIUM ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID JUAN-DE-FUCA; TH-230-U-238 DISEQUILIBRIUM; MELT GENERATION; KOHALA VOLCANO; TRACE-ELEMENT; GORDA RIDGES; BASALT; TH; GEOCHEMISTRY; PERIDOTITE AB Measurements of uranium/thorium and samarium/neodymium isotopes and concentrations in a suite of Hawaiian basalts show that uranium/thorium fractionation varies systematically with samarium/neodymium fractionation and major-element composition; these correlations can be understood in terms of simple batch melting models with a garnet-bearing peridotite magma source and melt fractions of 0.25 to 6.5 percent, Midocean ridge basalts shows a systematic but much different relation between uranium/thorium fractionation and samarium/neodymium fractionation, which, although broadly consistent with melting of a garnet-bearing peridotite source, requires a more complex melting model. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERV, HAWAII NATL PK, HI 96718 USA. RP SIMS, KWW (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS, CTR ISOTOPE GEOCHEM, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. NR 42 TC 108 Z9 112 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 27 PY 1995 VL 267 IS 5197 BP 508 EP 512 DI 10.1126/science.267.5197.508 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA QD403 UT WOS:A1995QD40300037 PM 17788786 ER PT J AU ROJSTACZER, S WOLF, S MICHEL, R AF ROJSTACZER, S WOLF, S MICHEL, R TI PERMEABILITY ENHANCEMENT IN THE SHALLOW CRUST AS A CAUSE OF EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED HYDROLOGICAL CHANGES SO NATURE LA English DT Article AB CHANGES in hydrology, usually involving increases in stream and spring flow, occur in response to large earthquakes. These changes have been attributed to two very different mechanisms: the expulsion of water from the upper or middle crust due to elastic compression(1), or near-surface permeability enhancements(2-4). If the former mechanism is correct, then sampling streams and springs affected by earthquakes may provide information about the nature of fluids at depth. Alternatively, if the changes in hydrology reflect only shallow processes, then the behaviour of these fluids provides insight into the rheological response of the shallow crust to earthquakes. Studies following the 17 October 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake in California provided a wealth of information regarding changes in stream and spring bow, groundwater how and stream chemistry in the region around the earthquake epicentre(1-4) Here we show that both the initial hydrological response acid the hydrology of the region several years after the earthquake are more readily explained by earthquake-induced enhancements of permeability in the shallow crust that are persistent and widespread. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP ROJSTACZER, S (reprint author), DUKE UNIV,DEPT GEOL,BOX 90230,DURHAM,NC 27708, USA. NR 11 TC 151 Z9 156 U1 3 U2 9 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA 4 LITTLE ESSEX STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND WC2R 3LF SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 19 PY 1995 VL 373 IS 6511 BP 237 EP 239 DI 10.1038/373237a0 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA QC278 UT WOS:A1995QC27800060 ER PT J AU BEATTIE, MH AF BEATTIE, MH TI ENVIRONMENTALLY INCORRECT SO FORTUNE LA English DT Letter RP BEATTIE, MH (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20240, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TIME INC PI NEW YORK PA TIME & LIFE BUILDING ROCKEFELLER CENTER, NEW YORK, NY 10020-1393 SN 0015-8259 J9 FORTUNE JI Fortune PD JAN 16 PY 1995 VL 131 IS 1 BP 31 EP 31 PG 1 WC Business SC Business & Economics GA PZ505 UT WOS:A1995PZ50500022 ER PT J AU FOREMAN, MGG WALTERS, RA HENRY, RF KELLER, CP DOLLING, AG AF FOREMAN, MGG WALTERS, RA HENRY, RF KELLER, CP DOLLING, AG TI A TIDAL MODEL FOR EASTERN JUAN-DE-FUCA STRAIT AND THE SOUTHERN STRAIT OF GEORGIA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID FINITE-ELEMENT MODEL; ENERGY-DISSIPATION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; TIDES; OCEAN; CIRCULATION; COAST AB A three-dimensional, barotropic, finite element model is used to calculate the tidal hows in eastern Juan de Fuca Strait and the southern Strait of Georgia. The harmonics of eight constituents are computed and compared with those from previous finite difference models and those from historical tide gauge and current meter observations. Root-mean-square differences between observed and calculated sea level amplitudes are within 2.0 cm for all constituents, and the phases are within 4.0 degrees for all constituents except K-2. Horizontal currents from the model are found to reproduce the observed vertical variations in shear except in regions where stratification effects and internal tides exist. In particular, the model representation of currents at six stations in the Canadian Tide and Current Tables (volume 5) is accurate. The pattern of tidal residual currents has much more detail than previous, coarser resolution models, and numerous eddies are predicted. Computed energy flux fields reveal that over a 29-day period only 38% of the tidal power entering Juan de Fuca Strait is transmitted into the southern Strait of Georgia, and of the 39% entering Hare Strait, 36% is dissipated within the strait itself. C1 CHANNEL CONSULTING LTD,VICTORIA,BC V8T 4L1,CANADA. UNIV VICTORIA,DEPT GEOG,VICTORIA,BC V8W 3P5,CANADA. US GEOL SURVEY,TACOMA,WA 98402. RP FOREMAN, MGG (reprint author), INST OCEAN SCI,DEPT FISHERIES & OCEANS,POB 6000,SIDNEY,BC V8L 4B2,CANADA. NR 45 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN 15 PY 1995 VL 100 IS C1 BP 721 EP 740 DI 10.1029/94JC02721 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA QF302 UT WOS:A1995QF30200001 ER PT J AU HEATON, TH HALL, JF WALD, DJ HALLING, MW AF HEATON, TH HALL, JF WALD, DJ HALLING, MW TI RESPONSE OF HIGHRISE AND BASE-ISOLATED BUILDINGS TO A HYPOTHETICAL M(W)7.0 BLIND THRUST EARTHQUAKE SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STRONG MOTION RECORDS; 1979 IMPERIAL-VALLEY; 1984 MORGAN-HILL; RUPTURE HISTORY; LOMA-PRIETA; CALIFORNIA; INVERSION; FAULT; MODEL AB High-rise flexible-frame buildings are commonly considered to be resistant to shaking from the largest earthquakes. In addition, base isolation has become increasingly popular for critical buildings that should still function after an earthquake. How will these two types of buildings perform if a large earthquake occurs beneath a metropolitan area? To answer this question, we simulated the near-source ground motions of a M(W) 7.0 thrust earthquake and then mathematically modeled the response of a 20-story steel-frame building and a 3-story base-isolated building. The synthesized ground motions were characterized by targe displacement pulses (up to 2 meters) and large ground velocities. These ground motions caused large deformation and possible collapse of the frame building, and they required exceptional measures in the design of the base-isolated building if it was to remain functional. C1 CALTECH, EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES LAB, PASADENA, CA 91125 USA. RP US GEOL SURVEY, 525 S WILSON AVE, PASADENA, CA 91106 USA. OI Wald, David/0000-0002-1454-4514 NR 35 TC 159 Z9 168 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 13 PY 1995 VL 267 IS 5195 BP 206 EP 211 DI 10.1126/science.267.5195.206 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA QB153 UT WOS:A1995QB15300025 PM 17791340 ER PT J AU HOUGH, SE AF HOUGH, SE TI EARTHQUAKES IN THE LOS-ANGELES METROPOLITAN REGION - A POSSIBLE FRACTAL DISTRIBUTION OF RUPTURE SIZE SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT AB Although there is debate on the maximum size of earthquake that is possible on any of several known fault systems in the greater Los Angeles metropolitan region, it is reasonable to assume that the distribution of earthquakes will follow a fractal distribution of rupture areas. For this assumption and an overall slip-rate for the region of approximately 1 centimeter per year, roughly one magnitude 7.4 to 7.5 event is expected to occur every 245 to 325 years. A model in which the earthquake distribution is fractal predicts that, additionally, there should be approximately six events in the range of magnitude 6.6 in this same span of time, a higher rate than has occurred in the historic record. RP US GEOL SURVEY, PASADENA, CA 91106 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 13 PY 1995 VL 267 IS 5195 BP 211 EP 213 DI 10.1126/science.267.5195.211 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA QB153 UT WOS:A1995QB15300026 PM 17791341 ER PT J AU THATCHER, W HILL, DP AF THATCHER, W HILL, DP TI A SIMPLE-MODEL FOR THE FAULT-GENERATED MORPHOLOGY OF SLOW-SPREADING MIDOCEANIC RIDGES SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID ACCRETING PLATE BOUNDARIES; ATLANTIC RIDGE; PALEOMAGNETIC CONSEQUENCES; EXTENSIONAL REGIMES; TECTONIC ROTATIONS; ACTIVE TECTONICS; CENTROID DEPTHS; FOCAL DEPTHS; SEA BEAM; EARTHQUAKES AB We postulate that fluctuations in magmatic activity at mid-oceanic ridges perturb the horizontal least principal stress across rift-bounding normal faults, leading to alternating phases of magmatic accretion, which increases valley width, and tectonic extension, which results in the growth of inner rift wall topography. Fine-scale bathymetric surveys and earthquake fault plane solutions show that active normal faults at slow-spreading ridges are moderately dipping (approximately 45 degrees) planar features throughout the seismogenic oceanic lithosphere. A simple quantitative model that includes flexural deformation of a 10-km-thick elastic plate by slippage on 45 degrees dipping normal faults can match the bathymetric profiles across several slow-spreading ridge segments. Comparison among dip distributions of normal-faulting earthquakes at mid-ocean ridges, in the trench-outer rise region, and on continents suggests that most events from these three tectonic environments initiated at dips close to 45 degrees, raising unanswered questions about the mechanical conditions under which the faults originated. RP THATCHER, W (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, 345 MIDDLEFIELD RD, MS 977, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. NR 55 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JAN 10 PY 1995 VL 100 IS B1 BP 561 EP 570 DI 10.1029/94JB02593 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QG518 UT WOS:A1995QG51800018 ER PT J AU BOYD, TM ENGDAHL, ER SPENCE, W AF BOYD, TM ENGDAHL, ER SPENCE, W TI SEISMIC CYCLES ALONG THE ALEUTIAN ARC - ANALYSIS OF SEISMICITY FROM 1957 THROUGH 1991 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID ANDREANOF-ISLANDS EARTHQUAKE; GREAT EARTHQUAKES; SUBDUCTION ZONES; RUPTURE PROCESS; NORTHWEST PACIFIC; SOURCE PARAMETERS; ALASKA; MODEL; INVERSION; AFTERSHOCK AB We catalog and relocate Aleutian are seismicity. Between 1957 and 1991, two great earthquakes ruptured the same 250-km-long portion of the central Aleutian are: the 1957 Aleutian Islands earthquake and the 1986 Andreanof Islands earthquake. Because accurate estimates of the moment distribution of the 1957 earthquake are not available, the spatial distribution of aftershocks for each of these events is compared and tested against models describing the modes of occurrence of great subduction zone earthquakes. Earthquake relocations are based on P wave arrival times published in the International Seismological Summary, the Bureau Central International Seismologique, and the International Seismological Centre bulletins and include corrections for the near-source velocity structure associated with the down-going slab. Magnitude estimates are extracted from bulletins and prior to 1964 are estimated by us from microfilmed records. Our catalog is complete above magnitude 5.5. Aftershocks associated with the 1957 and 1986 earthquakes appear to occur in different areas. East of the main shock epicenters, aftershock locations are anticorrelated. West of the main shock epicenter, aftershocks of the 1986 earthquake tended to concentrate along the updip edge of aftershock clusters associated with the 1957 earthquake. If we assume aftershocks rim the distribution of seismic moment release associated with each event, these observations imply that the moment distribution of the 1986 earthquake was different from that of the 1957 earthquake. This suggests that we should use caution in identifying mechanically strong portions of a fault, asperities, by simply mapping the moment distribution of a single great earthquake. A fundamental tenet of the asperity model, that rupture always occurs on the strongest portions of the fault with weaker portions rupturing either aseismically or dynamically as a result of rupture on a strong fault patch, may in the case of the central Aleutian are not be correct. Thus observing the moment distribution from a single great earthquake may tell us little about what the distribution of moment release will look like during the next earthquake. C1 US GEOL SURVEY, DENVER FED CTR, CTR NATL EARTHQUAKE INFORMAT, DENVER, CO 80255 USA. RP BOYD, TM (reprint author), COLORADO SCH MINES, DEPT GEOPHYS, GOLDEN, CO 80401 USA. NR 83 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JAN 10 PY 1995 VL 100 IS B1 BP 621 EP 644 DI 10.1029/94JB02641 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QG518 UT WOS:A1995QG51800022 ER PT J AU SPUDICH, P STECK, LK HELLWEG, M FLETCHER, JB BAKER, LM AF SPUDICH, P STECK, LK HELLWEG, M FLETCHER, JB BAKER, LM TI TRANSIENT STRESSES AT PARKFIELD, CALIFORNIA, PRODUCED BY THE M-7.4 LANDERS EARTHQUAKE OF JUNE 28, 1992 - OBSERVATIONS FROM THE UPSAR DENSE SEISMOGRAPH ARRAY SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; SEISMICITY; MODELS AB The M 7.4 Landers earthquake triggered widespread seismicity in the western United States. Because the transient dynamic stresses induced at regional distances by the Landers surface waves are much larger than the expected static stresses, the magnitude and the characteristics of the dynamic stresses may bear upon the earthquake triggering mechanism. The Landers earthquake was recorded on the UPSAR (U.S. Geological Survey Parkfield Small Aperture Array) array, a group of 14 triaxial accelerometers located within a 1-square-km region 10 km southwest of the town of Parkfield, California, 412 km northwest of the Landers epicenter. No triggered earthquakes were observed at Parkfield. Multiple filter analysis shows that the displacements, obtained by double integration, are dominated by the fundamental mode Love and Rayleigh modes, with some higher-mode contributions for periods shorter than 10 s. Most of the surface waves propagated along the great circle path from Landers, but a late arriving surface wave appears to have been scattered from the Sierra Nevada Mountains. We used a standard geodetic inversion procedure to determine the surface strain and stress tensors as functions of time from the observed displacements. Peak dynamic strains and stresses at Earth's surface are about 7 mu strain and 0.035 MPa, respectively, and they have a flat amplitude spectrum between 2-s and 15-s period. These stresses agree well with stresses predicted from a simple equation using the ground velocity spectrum observed at a single station. Peak stresses ranged from about 0.035 MPa at the surface to about 0.12 MPa between 2 and 14 km depth, with the sharp increase of stress away from the surface resulting from the rapid increase of rigidity with depth and from the influence of mode shapes. Because of the free-surface boundary conditions, the horizontal components of the stress tenser tend to dominate in the top 5-6 km of the crust, which might cause triggered seismicity to have strike-slip or normal mechanisms. Comparison of dynamic stresses induced by the Landers, Loma Prieta, and Petrolia earthquakes at a variety of sites indicates that the Landers stresses were not spectacularly larger than those induced by the other sources. Landers dynamic stresses were comparable to Coalinga static stresses at Parkfield. The effective strain caused by Landers at Parkfield, where no earthquakes were triggered, are the same amplitude as those at some sites in Nevada where earthquakes were triggered. Comparing various authors' observations of dynamic stresses, there is no obvious characteristic of these stresses that correlates with the triggered seismicity. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. RP SPUDICH, P (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, 345 MIDDLEFIELD RD, MS 977, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. NR 27 TC 99 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JAN 10 PY 1995 VL 100 IS B1 BP 675 EP 690 DI 10.1029/94JB02477 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QG518 UT WOS:A1995QG51800025 ER PT J AU PARK, SK PENDERGRAFT, D STEPHENSON, WJ SHEDLOCK, KM LEE, TC AF PARK, SK PENDERGRAFT, D STEPHENSON, WJ SHEDLOCK, KM LEE, TC TI DELINEATION OF INTRABASIN STRUCTURE IN A DILATIONAL JOG OF THE SAN-JACINTO FAULT ZONE, SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID STRIKE-SLIP FAULTS; PULL-APART BASINS; LANDER EARTHQUAKE; ANDREAS FAULT; EVOLUTION; STRESS; SYSTEM AB Three high-resolution seismic reflection lines were acquired in the northern part of the San Jacinto graben. The graben, a pull-apart basin formed by a dilational right step of the San Jacinto fault zone, has been previously interpreted as a simple rhombochasm. The reflection survey located at least one significant and previously unidentified intrabasin fault, referred to here as the Farm Road strand. This fault lies approximately halfway between the Claremont and Casa Loma strands of the San Jacinto fault zone. At the north end of the basin, the southwestern boundary of the graben is interpreted to be the newly identified Farm Road strand and not the Casa Loma strand as was previously thought. The identification of this intrabasin fault allows us to infer that the San Jacinto basin comprises coalescing subbasins and is not a simple pull-apart basin with an unusually large length:width ratio. The distances between the en echelon Casa Loma, Farm Road, and Claremont strands are between 1 and 2 km. This close spacing would likely permit an earthquake rupture to jump between strands and thus propagate through the San Jacinto basin. C1 US GEOL SURVEY, DENVER FED CTR, EARTHQUAKES & LANDSLIDE HAZARDS BRANCH, DENVER, CO 80225 USA. RP PARK, SK (reprint author), UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE, INST GEOPHYS & PLANETARY PHYS, RIVERSIDE, CA 92521 USA. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JAN 10 PY 1995 VL 100 IS B1 BP 691 EP 702 DI 10.1029/94JB02469 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QG518 UT WOS:A1995QG51800026 ER PT J AU EDWARDS, BD LEE, HJ FIELD, ME AF EDWARDS, BD LEE, HJ FIELD, ME TI MUDFLOW GENERATED BY RETROGRESSIVE SLOPE FAILURE, SANTA-BARBARA BASIN, CALIFORNIA CONTINENTAL BORDERLAND SO JOURNAL OF SEDIMENTARY RESEARCH SECTION A-SEDIMENTARY PETROLOGY AND PROCESSES LA English DT Article ID STABILITY; SEDIMENT; FLOW AB The morphology and internal geometry of a mudflow deposit on the mainland slope of the Santa Barbara Basin are defined using high-resolution seismic-reflection data in combination with core samples. Sediment failure occurred on a 4 degrees slope in the uppermost part of late Quaternary well-bedded slope deposits, The failure zone extends from water depths of 374-510 m near the base of slope, occupies an area of 4 km(2), and involved the translation of 0.01-0.02 km(3) of sediment. Major geomorphic features of the mudflow deposit include a headscarp 6-8 m high, a scar 50-700 m wide, and a main body 1 km long and 12 m thick. The hummocky surface of the mudflow deposits, their chaotic internal structure, and the bulbous toe tapering upslope to a thin tail are consistent with mass flow involving extensive internal deformation. Sediment failed in stages, ending with upslope retrogressive retreat of the headwall along the east side of the failure zone, Known sedimentation rates of 0.8-1.4 m/k.y., as well as the presence of a thin (0.15-0.5 m thick) sediment cap resting atop the scar surface, indicate that the failure probably occurred within the past few centuries. A geotechnical analysis incorporating the results of both static and dynamic triaxial strength tests shows that the failure was probably caused by a strong (M approximate to 7.5) nearby earthquake, The weakened sediment that remained after earthquake shaking continued to flow down the gentle basin slope under the stresses generated by gravity alone, The analysis also shows that much of the slope sediment is marginally stable and that additional mudflows will probably occur during future strong seismic shaking. RP EDWARDS, BD (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MS-999,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 43 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 1731 E 71ST STREET, TULSA, OK 74136-5108 SN 1073-130X J9 J SEDIMENT RES A JI J. Sediment. Res. Sect. A-Sediment. Petrol. Process. PD JAN 2 PY 1995 VL 65 IS 1 BP 57 EP 68 PG 12 WC Geology SC Geology GA QE051 UT WOS:A1995QE05100006 ER PT B AU CELEBI, M AF CELEBI, M BE Duma, G TI Free-field motions near buildings SO 10TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering CY AUG 28-SEP 02, 1994 CL TU VIENNA, VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP European Assoc Earthquake Engn, TU Vienna, Inst Allgemeine Mech, TU Vienna, Inst Leichtbau & Flugzeugbau, Austrian Assoc Earthquake Engn HO TU VIENNA C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MS 977,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 1675, 3000 BR ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-528-3 PY 1995 BP 215 EP 221 PG 7 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Geology GA BD94F UT WOS:A1995BD94F00032 ER PT B AU SAFAK, E AF SAFAK, E BE Duma, G TI A new model to simulate site effects SO 10TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering CY AUG 28-SEP 02, 1994 CL TU VIENNA, VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP European Assoc Earthquake Engn, TU Vienna, Inst Allgemeine Mech, TU Vienna, Inst Leichtbau & Flugzeugbau, Austrian Assoc Earthquake Engn HO TU VIENNA C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU A A BALKEMA PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 1675, 3000 BR ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-528-3 PY 1995 BP 297 EP 303 PG 7 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Geology GA BD94F UT WOS:A1995BD94F00045 ER PT B AU CELEBI, M ERDIK, M AVCI, J AF CELEBI, M ERDIK, M AVCI, J BE Duma, G TI Observations of the effects of surface geology on ground motion: Erzincan (Turkey) earthquake of March 13, 1992 SO 10TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering CY AUG 28-SEP 02, 1994 CL TU VIENNA, VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP European Assoc Earthquake Engn, TU Vienna, Inst Allgemeine Mech, TU Vienna, Inst Leichtbau & Flugzeugbau, Austrian Assoc Earthquake Engn HO TU VIENNA C1 USGS,MENLO PK,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 1675, 3000 BR ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-528-3 PY 1995 BP 2599 EP 2605 PG 7 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Geology GA BD94F UT WOS:A1995BD94F00391 ER PT B AU HAYS, WW ROUHBAN, BM AF HAYS, WW ROUHBAN, BM BE Duma, G TI International forums on seismic zonation SO 10TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering CY AUG 28-SEP 02, 1994 CL TU VIENNA, VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP European Assoc Earthquake Engn, TU Vienna, Inst Allgemeine Mech, TU Vienna, Inst Leichtbau & Flugzeugbau, Austrian Assoc Earthquake Engn HO TU VIENNA C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 1675, 3000 BR ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-528-3 PY 1995 BP 2617 EP 2620 PG 4 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Geology GA BD94F UT WOS:A1995BD94F00394 ER PT B AU SAFAK, E AF SAFAK, E BE Duma, G TI Modeling the effects of surface geology on ground motions SO 10TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering CY AUG 28-SEP 02, 1994 CL TU VIENNA, VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP European Assoc Earthquake Engn, TU Vienna, Inst Allgemeine Mech, TU Vienna, Inst Leichtbau & Flugzeugbau, Austrian Assoc Earthquake Engn HO TU VIENNA C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 1675, 3000 BR ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-528-3 PY 1995 BP 2629 EP 2634 PG 6 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Geology GA BD94F UT WOS:A1995BD94F00396 ER PT J AU Gnam, R AF Gnam, R BE Roston, MA Marx, KL TI The Wild Bird Conservation Act SO 16TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE MID-ATLANTIC STATES ASSOCIATION OF AVIAN VETERINARIANS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Conference of the Mid-Atlantic-States-Association-of-Avian-Veterinarians CY APR 29-MAY 02, 1995 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP Mid Atlantic States Assoc Avian Veterinarians C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,US DEPT INTERIOR,OFF MANAGEMENT AUTHOR,ARLINGTON,VA 22203. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MID-ATLANTIC STATES ASSOC AVIAN VETERINARIANS PI BLACKSBURG PA MEMORIAL BLDG SUITE 291 610 N MAIN STREET, BLACKSBURG, VA 24060-3349 PY 1995 BP 57 EP 60 PG 4 WC Ornithology; Veterinary Sciences SC Zoology; Veterinary Sciences GA BF66G UT WOS:A1995BF66G00013 ER PT B AU Raabe, EA Shrestha, RL Stumpf, RP Martha, NJ AF Raabe, EA Shrestha, RL Stumpf, RP Martha, NJ GP AMER CONGRESS SURVEYING & MAPPING TI Establishing and evaluating a precise vertical network for marshes along the Gulf Coast of Florida SO 1995 ACSM/ASPRS ANNUAL CONVENTION & EXPOSITION TECHNICAL PAPERS, VOL 1: ACSM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT American-Congress-on-Surveying-and-Mapping 55th Annual Convention/American-Society-for-Photogrammetry-and-Remote-Sensing 61st Annual Convention CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 1995 CL CHARLOTTE, NC SP Amer Congress Surveying & Mapping, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing C1 USGS,CTR COASTAL GEOL & MARINE RES,ST PETERSBURG,FL 33701. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CONGRESS SURVEYING & MAPPING PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2122 BN 1-57083-015-0 PY 1995 BP 186 EP 186 PG 1 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BF67D UT WOS:A1995BF67D00024 ER PT B AU Snyder, GI McDermott, MP Ogrosky, CE AF Snyder, GI McDermott, MP Ogrosky, CE GP AMER CONGRESS SURVEYING & MAPPING TI National mapping program user evaluation of selected current products SO 1995 ACSM/ASPRS ANNUAL CONVENTION & EXPOSITION TECHNICAL PAPERS, VOL 1: ACSM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Congress-on-Surveying-and-Mapping 55th Annual Convention/American-Society-for-Photogrammetry-and-Remote-Sensing 61st Annual Convention CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 1995 CL CHARLOTTE, NC SP Amer Congress Surveying & Mapping, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CONGRESS SURVEYING & MAPPING PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2122 BN 1-57083-015-0 PY 1995 BP 261 EP 269 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BF67D UT WOS:A1995BF67D00036 ER PT B AU Watkins, AH Thorley, GA AF Watkins, AH Thorley, GA GP AMER CONGRESS SURVEYING & MAPPING TI A new direction for the National Mapping Program SO 1995 ACSM/ASPRS ANNUAL CONVENTION & EXPOSITION TECHNICAL PAPERS, VOL 1: ACSM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Congress-on-Surveying-and-Mapping 55th Annual Convention/American-Society-for-Photogrammetry-and-Remote-Sensing 61st Annual Convention CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 1995 CL CHARLOTTE, NC SP Amer Congress Surveying & Mapping, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CONGRESS SURVEYING & MAPPING PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2122 BN 1-57083-015-0 PY 1995 BP 270 EP 271 PG 2 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BF67D UT WOS:A1995BF67D00037 ER PT B AU Moore, LR Kunert, WA AF Moore, LR Kunert, WA GP AMER CONGRESS SURVEYING & MAPPING TI US geological survey digital raster graphics SO 1995 ACSM/ASPRS ANNUAL CONVENTION & EXPOSITION TECHNICAL PAPERS, VOL 1: ACSM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Congress-on-Surveying-and-Mapping 55th Annual Convention/American-Society-for-Photogrammetry-and-Remote-Sensing 61st Annual Convention CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 1995 CL CHARLOTTE, NC SP Amer Congress Surveying & Mapping, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing C1 US GEOL SURVEY,ROLLA,MO 65401. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CONGRESS SURVEYING & MAPPING PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2122 BN 1-57083-015-0 PY 1995 BP 281 EP 286 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BF67D UT WOS:A1995BF67D00040 ER PT B AU Hanson, JB AF Hanson, JB GP AMER CONGRESS SURVEYING & MAPPING TI Geographic data sharing using the spatial data transfer standard SO 1995 ACSM/ASPRS ANNUAL CONVENTION & EXPOSITION TECHNICAL PAPERS, VOL 1: ACSM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Congress-on-Surveying-and-Mapping 55th Annual Convention/American-Society-for-Photogrammetry-and-Remote-Sensing 61st Annual Convention CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 1995 CL CHARLOTTE, NC SP Amer Congress Surveying & Mapping, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CONGRESS SURVEYING & MAPPING PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2122 BN 1-57083-015-0 PY 1995 BP 298 EP 306 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BF67D UT WOS:A1995BF67D00042 ER PT B AU Sechrist, DR Wilen, BO AF Sechrist, DR Wilen, BO GP AMER CONGRESS SURVEYING & MAPPING TI Wetlands evaluation: A geographic information system analysis of multi-agency wetlands data for Wicomico County, Maryland SO 1995 ACSM/ASPRS ANNUAL CONVENTION & EXPOSITION TECHNICAL PAPERS, VOL 2: ASPRS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Congress-on-Surveying-and-Mapping 55th Annual Convention/American-Society-for-Photogrammetry-and-Remote-Sensing 61st Annual Convention CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 1995 CL CHARLOTTE, NC SP Amer Congress Surveying & Mapping, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing C1 US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR MS560,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CONGRESS SURVEYING & MAPPING PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2122 BN 1-57083-016-9 PY 1995 BP 348 EP 363 PG 16 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BF67E UT WOS:A1995BF67E00045 ER PT B AU Stewart, JS Lillesand, TM AF Stewart, JS Lillesand, TM GP AMER CONGRESS SURVEYING & MAPPING TI Stratification of Landsat thematic mapper data, based on regional landscape patterns, to improve land-cover classification accuracy of large study areas SO 1995 ACSM/ASPRS ANNUAL CONVENTION & EXPOSITION TECHNICAL PAPERS, VOL 3: ASPRS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Congress-on-Surveying-and-Mapping 55th Annual Convention/American-Society-for-Photogrammetry-and-Remote-Sensing 61st Annual Convention CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 1995 CL CHARLOTTE, NC SP Amer Congress Surveying & Mapping, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing C1 US GEOL SURVEY,WRD,MADISON,WI 53719. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CONGRESS SURVEYING & MAPPING PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2122 BN 1-57083-017-7 PY 1995 BP 826 EP 835 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BF67F UT WOS:A1995BF67F00036 ER PT B AU Stumpf, RP Raabe, EA AF Stumpf, RP Raabe, EA GP AMER CONGRESS SURVEYING & MAPPING TI Patterns of change in wetlands of the Florida big bend region observed wild satellite SO 1995 ACSM/ASPRS ANNUAL CONVENTION & EXPOSITION TECHNICAL PAPERS, VOL 3: ASPRS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Congress-on-Surveying-and-Mapping 55th Annual Convention/American-Society-for-Photogrammetry-and-Remote-Sensing 61st Annual Convention CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 1995 CL CHARLOTTE, NC SP Amer Congress Surveying & Mapping, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing C1 US GEOL SURVEY,CTR COASTAL GEOL,ST PETERSBURG,FL 33701. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CONGRESS SURVEYING & MAPPING PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2122 BN 1-57083-017-7 PY 1995 BP 855 EP 855 PG 1 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BF67F UT WOS:A1995BF67F00040 ER PT S AU Mariner, RH Janik, CJ AF Mariner, RH Janik, CJ GP GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL TI Geochemical data and conceptual model for the Steamboat Hills geothermal system, Washoe county, Nevada SO ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF THE PAST AND CHALLENGES OF THE FUTURE SE GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1995 Annual Meeting of the Geothermal-Resources-Council - Accomplishments of the Past and Challenges of the Future CY OCT 08-11, 1995 CL RENO, NV SP Geothermal Resources Council C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1350, DAVIS, CA 95617 SN 0193-5933 BN 0-934412-78-3 J9 GEOTH RES T PY 1995 VL 19 BP 191 EP 200 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BF10Y UT WOS:A1995BF10Y00034 ER PT S AU Mariner, RH Young, HW AF Mariner, RH Young, HW GP GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL TI Lead and strontium isotope data for thermal waters of the regional geothermal system in the Twin Falls and Oakley areas, south-central Idaho SO ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF THE PAST AND CHALLENGES OF THE FUTURE SE GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1995 Annual Meeting of the Geothermal-Resources-Council - Accomplishments of the Past and Challenges of the Future CY OCT 08-11, 1995 CL RENO, NV SP Geothermal Resources Council C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1350, DAVIS, CA 95617 SN 0193-5933 BN 0-934412-78-3 J9 GEOTH RES T PY 1995 VL 19 BP 201 EP 206 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BF10Y UT WOS:A1995BF10Y00035 ER PT J AU LOVLEY, DR AF LOVLEY, DR TI MICROBIAL REDUCTION OF IRON, MANGANESE, AND OTHER METALS SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 54 SE ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY LA English DT Review ID SHEWANELLA-PUTREFACIENS MR-1; ENTEROBACTER-CLOACAE STRAIN; SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; COASTAL MARINE-SEDIMENTS; DISSIMILATORY FE(III) REDUCTION; ORGANIC-MATTER MINERALIZATION; FERRIC ION OXIDOREDUCTASE; PSEUDOMONAS-AMBIGUA G-1; POLLUTION PLUME VEJEN; THIOBACILLUS-FERROOXIDANS RP LOVLEY, DR (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 323 TC 184 Z9 197 U1 14 U2 49 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0065-2113 J9 ADV AGRON PY 1995 VL 54 BP 175 EP 231 DI 10.1016/S0065-2113(08)60900-1 PG 57 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BC87Y UT WOS:A1995BC87Y00004 ER PT J AU OLIVER, WA PEDDER, AEH WEILAND, RJ VANUFFORD, AQ AF OLIVER, WA PEDDER, AEH WEILAND, RJ VANUFFORD, AQ TI MIDDLE PALEOZOIC CORALS FROM THE SOUTHERN SLOPE OF THE CENTRAL RANGES OF IRIAN-JAYA, INDONESIA SO ALCHERINGA LA English DT Article DE IRIAN JAYA; INDONESIA; DEVONIAN; FRASNIAN; CORALS; BIOGEOGRAPHY AB Rugose and tabulate corals of Frasnian (early Late Devonian) and pre-Frasnian Devonian and Silurian(?) ages from Irian Jaya (western New Guinea), Indonesia, art described and illustrated for the first time. The Frasnian corals are the most important; they occur in the uppermost part of the Modio Formation (redefined), are well-preserved and suggest a biogeographic linkage to Western Australia. The source carbonates may represent a reef environment. The pre-Frasnian corals are from stream cobbles at two localities. They indicate the presence or former presence of a more complete Middle Palaeozoic sequence than was previously known in Irian Jaya. C1 US NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT PALEOBIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. GEOL SURVEY CANADA,CALGARY,AB T2L 2A7,CANADA. UNIV TEXAS,DEPT GEOL SCI,AUSTIN,TX 78712. RP OLIVER, WA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MRC 137,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AUST INC PI SYDNEY NSW PA 606 ANA HOUSE 301 GEORGE STREET, SYDNEY NSW 2000, AUSTRALIA SN 0311-5518 J9 ALCHERINGA JI Alcheringa PY 1995 VL 19 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1080/03115519508619094 PG 15 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA RF303 UT WOS:A1995RF30300001 ER PT J AU HUEBNER, JS DILLENBURG, RG AF HUEBNER, JS DILLENBURG, RG TI IMPEDANCE SPECTRA OF HOT, DRY SILICATE MINERALS AND ROCK - QUALITATIVE INTERPRETATION OF SPECTRA SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY MODELS; LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS; POLYCRYSTALLINE OLIVINE; TRIVALENT CATIONS; TEMPERATURE; SPECTROSCOPY; DIOPSIDE; PRESSURE; PYROXENE AB Impedance spectroscopy helps distinguish the contributions that grain interiors and grain boundaries make to electrical resistance of silicate minerals and rocks. The technique also distinguishes the low-frequency response due to the presence of instrument electrodes. We measured olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxenes, and both natural and synthetic clinopyroxenite. Measurements were made at 1 bar, from 750 to 1150 degrees C, and over a frequency range from <10(-4) to >10(6) Hz; some measurements were also made at 300-850 degrees C and 10-20 kbar. The grain-interior response lies at highest frequency, the sample-electrode response at low frequencies, and the grain boundary response at mid-frequencies. Grain interiors show as semicircular impedance arcs when plotted on the complex plane, and sample-electrode responses of hot single crystals and of hot dry racks are exhibited as depressed arcs. In comparison, monofrequency measurements contain no information to identify the source of the response; at 1 kHz they detect only the resistance sum of grain interiors and grain boundaries and at low frequency (less than or equal to 1 Hz) are likely to sense all three components. The major experimental problem is to find electrodes that make good contact with the sample and that are stable with time. The effect of pressure (10 kbar, 300-800 degrees C) is to diminish the resistance associated with grain boundaries and the sample-electrode interface, in the laboratory and presumably in nature. Monofrequency measurements at 1 bar may underestimate the conductivity of rocks at similar temperature but higher pressure. A network of electrical elements is presented for use in interpreting impedance spectra and conductive paths in hot or cold, wet or dry, minerals and rocks at any pressure. In dry rocks, a series network path predominates; in wet rocks, aqueous pore fluid and crystals both conduct. Finite resistance across the sample-electrode interface is evidence that electronic charge carriers are present at the surface, and presumably within, the silicate minerals and rocks measured. RP US GEOL SURVEY, 959 NATL CTR, RESTON, VA 22092 USA. NR 43 TC 71 Z9 86 U1 2 U2 7 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X EI 1945-3027 J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 80 IS 1-2 BP 46 EP 64 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA QJ446 UT WOS:A1995QJ44600006 ER PT J AU KAMPF, AR FOORD, EE AF KAMPF, AR FOORD, EE TI ARTROEITE, PBALF3(OH)(2), A NEW MINERAL FROM THE GRAND REEF MINE, GRAHAM COUNTY, ARIZONA - DESCRIPTION AND CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID BOND-VALENCE PARAMETERS AB Artroeite, PbAlF3(OH)(2), space group P ($) over bar 1, a = 6.270(2), b = 6.821(3), c = 5.057(2) Angstrom, alpha = 90.68(2), beta = 107.69(2), gamma = 104.46(2)degrees, V = 198.6(2) Angstrom(3), Z = 2, is a new mineral from the Grand Reef mine, near Klondyke, Graham County, Arizona. It occurs as colorless bladed crystals associated with quartz, fluorite, galena, anglesite, and an as yet undescribed mineral of composition PbCa2Al(F,OH)(9). Artroeite has a Mohs hardness of about 2.5, a measured density of 5.36(2) g/cm(3), and a calculated density of 5.47 g/cm(3). It exhibits a perfect {100} cleavage and a good {010} cleavage. Optically it is biaxial (-) with alpha = 1.629(1), beta = 1.682(2), and gamma = 1.691(2). Dispersion is strong, r > v. The six strongest powder diffraction lines are [d(I,hkl)] 4.42(100)(($) over bar 101), 3.221(40)(101), 2.595(70)(1 ($) over bar 21,021), 2.190(65) (201,012,030), 2.030(50)(022), 2.015(40)(($) over bar 230) Angstrom. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined to R = 0.022 using X-ray diffractometer data (1096 independent reflections). In the structure, edge-sharing dimers of AlF3(OH)(3) octahedra link together by bonds to Pb atoms to form approximately close-packed layers parallel to (10 ($) over bar 1). The layers are linked to one another by one Pb-F bond and two II bonds per formula unit. Pb is coordinated to 6 F and 3 O atoms. Three F ligands are associated with the same Al octahedral face and correspond to much longer bonds. It is probable that the lone pair electrons are situated on that side of the Pb atom. The structure is compared with those of acuminite and tikhonenkovite. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,LAKEWOOD,CO 80225. RP KAMPF, AR (reprint author), NAT HIST MUSEUM LOS ANGELES,MINERAL SECT,900 EXPOSIT BLVD,LOS ANGELES,CA 90007, USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1130 17TH ST NW SUITE 330, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 80 IS 1-2 BP 179 EP 183 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA QJ446 UT WOS:A1995QJ44600018 ER PT J AU PETERSON, D CAYAN, D DILEO, J NOBLE, M DETTINGER, M AF PETERSON, D CAYAN, D DILEO, J NOBLE, M DETTINGER, M TI THE ROLE OF CLIMATE IN ESTUARINE VARIABILITY SO AMERICAN SCIENTIST LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER INFLOW; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; JOAQUIN DELTA; TRENDS RP PETERSON, D (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD,BLDG 23,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 13 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 6 PU SIGMA XI-SCI RES SOC PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 13975, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0003-0996 J9 AM SCI JI Am. Scientist PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 83 IS 1 BP 58 EP 67 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA QL572 UT WOS:A1995QL57200018 ER PT B AU LUCCHITTA, BK ROSANOVA, CE MULLINS, KF AF LUCCHITTA, BK ROSANOVA, CE MULLINS, KF BE Rothrock, DA TI Velocities of Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica, from ERS-1 SAR images SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 21, 1995: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE ROLE OF THE CRYOSPHERE IN GLOBAL CHANGE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 International Symposium on the Role of the Cryosphere in Global Change CY AUG 07-12, 1994 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, BYRD POLAR RES CTR, COLUMBUS, OH SP Int Glaciol Soc, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, Amer Meteorol Soc, Amer Geophys Union HO OHIO STATE UNIV, BYRD POLAR RES CTR C1 US GEOL SURVEY,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB2 1ER BN 0-946417-15-6 PY 1995 BP 277 EP 283 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BD94D UT WOS:A1995BD94D00044 ER PT B AU WILLIAMS, RS FERRIGNO, JG SWITHINBANK, C LUCCHITTA, BK SEEKINS, BA AF WILLIAMS, RS FERRIGNO, JG SWITHINBANK, C LUCCHITTA, BK SEEKINS, BA BE Rothrock, DA TI Coastal-change and glaciological maps of Antarctica SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 21, 1995: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE ROLE OF THE CRYOSPHERE IN GLOBAL CHANGE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 International Symposium on the Role of the Cryosphere in Global Change CY AUG 07-12, 1994 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, BYRD POLAR RES CTR, COLUMBUS, OH SP Int Glaciol Soc, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, Amer Meteorol Soc, Amer Geophys Union HO OHIO STATE UNIV, BYRD POLAR RES CTR C1 US GEOL SURVEY,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB2 1ER BN 0-946417-15-6 PY 1995 BP 284 EP 290 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BD94D UT WOS:A1995BD94D00045 ER PT J AU STALLARD, RF AF STALLARD, RF TI TECTONIC, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND HUMAN ASPECTS OF WEATHERING AND EROSION - A GLOBAL REVIEW USING A STEADY-STATE PERSPECTIVE SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE GEOMORPHOLOGY; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; STEADY-STATE MODELS ID RIVER DRAINAGE-BASIN; ORINOCO RIVER; DISSOLVED INPUTS; FLUVIAL SANDS; CHEMISTRY; AMAZON; GEOCHEMISTRY; VENEZUELA; DISCHARGE; SEDIMENT RP STALLARD, RF (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, 3215 MARINE ST, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RI Stallard, Robert/H-2649-2013 OI Stallard, Robert/0000-0001-8209-7608 NR 79 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 19 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0084-6597 J9 ANNU REV EARTH PL SC JI Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. PY 1995 VL 23 BP 11 EP 39 DI 10.1146/annurev.earth.23.1.11 PG 29 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA QZ045 UT WOS:A1995QZ04500002 ER PT J AU EICHELBERGER, JC AF EICHELBERGER, JC TI SILICIC VOLCANISM - ASCENT OF VISCOUS MAGMAS FROM CRUSTAL RESERVOIRS SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE ERUPTION; MAGMA; CRYSTALLIZATION; VESICULATION; DEGASSING ID MOUNT-ST-HELENS; VOLATILE CONTENT; THOUSAND-SMOKES; RHYOLITIC MAGMA; GAS CONTENT; ERUPTIONS; FLOW; PRESSURE; SHALLOW; KATMAI RP EICHELBERGER, JC (reprint author), UNIV ALASKA, ALASKA VOLCANO OBSERV, INST GEOPHYS, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775 USA. RI Eichelberger, John/H-6199-2016 NR 51 TC 86 Z9 89 U1 2 U2 20 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0084-6597 J9 ANNU REV EARTH PL SC JI Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. PY 1995 VL 23 BP 41 EP 63 DI 10.1146/annurev.earth.23.1.41 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA QZ045 UT WOS:A1995QZ04500003 ER PT S AU Izbicki, JA Martin, P Michel, RL AF Izbicki, JA Martin, P Michel, RL BE Adar, EM Leibundgut, C TI Source, movement and age of groundwater in the upper part of the Mojave River Basin, California, USA SO APPLICATION OF TRACERS IN ARID ZONE HYDROLOGY SE IAHS PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Application of Tracers in Arid Zone Hydrology CY AUG 22-26, 1994 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Comm Tracers, Int Atomic Energy Agcy, Isotope Hydrol Sect C1 US GEOL SURVEY,WRD,SAN DIEGO,CA 92123. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD, ENGLAND OX10 8BB SN 0144-7815 BN 0-947571-64-7 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 1995 IS 232 BP 43 EP 56 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BF19L UT WOS:A1995BF19L00004 ER PT J AU HARVEY, RW KINNER, NE BUNN, A MACDONALD, D METGE, D AF HARVEY, RW KINNER, NE BUNN, A MACDONALD, D METGE, D TI TRANSPORT BEHAVIOR OF GROUNDWATER PROTOZOA AND PROTOZOAN-SIZED MICROSPHERES IN SANDY AQUIFER SEDIMENTS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GRADIENT TRACER TEST; SUBSURFACE SEDIMENTS; NATURAL-GRADIENT; CAPE-COD; POROUS-MEDIA; BACTERIA; GRAVEL; MASSACHUSETTS; MICROORGANISMS; PRISTINE AB Transport behaviors of unidentified flagellated protozoa (flagellates) and flagellate-sized carboxylated microspheres es in sandy, organically contaminated aquifer sediments, were investigated in a small-scale (1 to 4-m travel distance) natural-gradient tracer test on Cape Cod and in flow-through columns packed with sieved (0.5- to 1.0-mm grain size) aquifer sediments. The minute (average in situ cell size, 2 to 3 lam) flagellates, which are relatively abundant in the Cape Cod aquifer, were isolated from core samples, grown in a grass extract medium, labeled with hydroethidine (a vital eukaryotic stain), and coinjected into aquifer sediments along with bromide, a conservative tracer. The 2-mu m flagellates appeared to be near the optimal size for transport, judging from flowthrough column experiments involving a polydispersed (0.7 to 6.2 mu m in diameter) suspension of carboxylated microspheres. However, immobilization within the aquifer sediments accounted for a log unit reduction over the first meter of travel compared with a log unit reduction over the first 10 m of travel for indigenous, free-living groundwater bacteria in earlier tests. High rates of flagellate immobilization in the presence of aquifer sediments also was observed in the laboratory. However, immobilization rates for the laboratory-grown flagellates (initially 4 to 5 mu m) injected into the aquifer were not constant and decreased noticeably with increasing time and distance of travel. The decrease in propensity for grain surfaces was accompanied by a decrease in cell size, as the flagellates presumably readapted to aquifer conditions. Retardation and apparent dispersion were generally at least twofold greater than those observed earlier for indigenous groundwater bacteria but were much closer to those observed for highly surface active carboxylated latex microspheres. Field and laboratory results suggest that 2-mu m carboxylated microspheres may be useful as analogs in investigating several abiotic aspects of flagellate transport behavior in groundwater. C1 UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,DURHAM,NH. RP HARVEY, RW (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,BOULDER,CO, USA. RI Harvey, Ronald/C-5783-2013 OI Harvey, Ronald/0000-0002-2791-8503 NR 44 TC 86 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 61 IS 1 BP 209 EP 217 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA PY867 UT WOS:A1995PY86700035 PM 16534904 ER PT J AU PETERS, NE REESE, RS AF PETERS, NE REESE, RS TI VARIATIONS OF WEEKLY ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION FOR MULTIPLE COLLECTORS AT A SITE ON THE SHORE OF LAKE OKEECHOBEE, FLORIDA SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE BULK PRECIPITATION; WET DEPOSITION; DRY DEPOSITION; NUTRIENTS; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN ID DRY DEPOSITION; PRECIPITATION CHEMISTRY; SULFATE AB Eight wet/dry precipitation collectors were modified to house four additional dryfall collectors and one bulk precipitation collector to sample atmospheric deposition for 12 weeks in a small area on the southwestern shore of Lake Okeechobee; sample contamination, primarily by insects, reduced the comparison to the last nine weeks. The deposition was determined for Ca2+, Na+, Cl-, and SO4(2-) and nutrients including total phosphorus, orthophosphate, total ammonia plus organic nitrogen, and nitrite plus nitrate. In general, deposition was lower and less variable in wet precipitation than in bulk precipitation. The higher variability of the bulk precipitation was attributed to local contamination, particularly by dust and insects. Each wet/dry precipitation collector was fitted with dryfall collectors that consisted of the dry-side bucket on a wet/dry collector, which was preloaded with distilled and deionized water, and four glass dish collectors; two of the glass dishes were preloaded with water and the other two remained dry. The deposition to the dry dish collectors was not comparable in adjacent collectors for any constituent; however, the deposition in the adjacent water-loaded dishes was comparable for most major constituents, except nutrients. A comparison of Ortho-P deposition with Total-P indicated that the P collected by the dryfall collectors was predominantly reactive, which also was reflected in the bulk deposition, whereas that in the wet deposition was mostly nonreactive. The large variability in deposition of P among the bulk and dryfall collectors suggests that alternative methods must be used to evaluate the P sources and processes of atmospheric transfer. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,MIAMI,FL 33178. RP PETERS, NE (reprint author), US GEOLK SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,3039 AMWILER RD,SUITE 130,ATLANTA,GA 30360, USA. NR 19 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 29 IS 2 BP 179 EP 187 DI 10.1016/1352-2310(94)00233-B PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QG568 UT WOS:A1995QG56800004 ER PT B AU Cannon, WF AF Cannon, WF BE Ojakangas, RW Dickas, AB Green, JC TI Summary of GLIMPCE geophysical investigations of the Midcontinent Rift System in the Lake Superior region SO BASEMENT TECTONICS 10 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES ON BASEMENT TECTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Basement Tectonics CY AUG 01-11, 1992 CL UNIV MINNESOTA, DULUTH, MN SP Amer Chem Soc, Petr Res Fund, US Geol Survey, ARCO Oil & Gas Co, Phelps Dodge Min Co, Univ Minnesota Duluth, Dept Geol, Univ Minnesota, Grad Sch, Univ Wisconsin Superior, Cooperat Extens HO UNIV MINNESOTA C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-3429-9 J9 P INT C BAS PY 1995 VL 4 BP 7 EP 10 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA BE35N UT WOS:A1995BE35N00003 ER PT B AU Sims, PK Day, WC AF Sims, PK Day, WC BE Ojakangas, RW Dickas, AB Green, JC TI New data on vergence of the Late Archean Great Lakes tectonic zone SO BASEMENT TECTONICS 10 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES ON BASEMENT TECTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Basement Tectonics CY AUG 01-11, 1992 CL UNIV MINNESOTA, DULUTH, MN SP Amer Chem Soc, Petr Res Fund, US Geol Survey, ARCO Oil & Gas Co, Phelps Dodge Min Co, Univ Minnesota Duluth, Dept Geol, Univ Minnesota, Grad Sch, Univ Wisconsin Superior, Cooperat Extens HO UNIV MINNESOTA C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-3429-9 J9 P INT C BAS PY 1995 VL 4 BP 409 EP 412 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA BE35N UT WOS:A1995BE35N00038 ER PT B AU Pierson, EA McAuliffe, JR AF Pierson, EA McAuliffe, JR BE DeBano, LF Gottfried, GJ Hamre, RH Edminster, CB Ffolliott, PF OrtegaRubio, A TI Characteristics and consequences of invasion by sweet resin bush into the arid southwestern United States SO BIODIVERSITY AND MANAGEMENT OF THE MADREAN ARCHIPELAGO: THE SKY ISLANDS OF SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES AND NORTHWESTERN MEXICO SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biodiversity and Management of the Madrean Archipelago - The Sky Islands of Southwestern United States and Northwestern Mexico CY SEP 19-23, 1994 CL TUCSON, AZ SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources C1 US GEOL SURVEY,TUCSON,AZ 85745. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1995 VL 264 BP 219 EP 230 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry; Zoology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BE95P UT WOS:A1995BE95P00022 ER PT S AU Winston, GC Stephens, BB Sundquist, ET Hardy, JP Davis, RE AF Winston, GC Stephens, BB Sundquist, ET Hardy, JP Davis, RE BE Tonnessen, KA Williams, MW Tranter, M TI Seasonal variability in CO2 transport through snow in a boreal forest SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF SEASONALLY SNOW-COVERED CATCHMENTS SE IAHS PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Biogeochemistry of Seasonally Snow-Covered Catchments, at the XXI Assembly of the International-Union-of-Geodesy-and-Geophysics CY JUL 01-14, 1995 CL BOULDER, CO SP Int Union Geodesy & Geophys, IAHS, Int Commiss Snow & Ice, IAHS, Int Commiss Water Qual, IAHS, Int Comm Tracers, UNESCO C1 US GEOL SURVEY,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. RI Stephens, Britton/B-7962-2008 OI Stephens, Britton/0000-0002-1966-6182 NR 0 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD, ENGLAND OX10 8BB SN 0144-7815 BN 0-947571-44-2 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 1995 IS 228 BP 61 EP 70 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BF19G UT WOS:A1995BF19G00008 ER PT S AU Clow, DW Mast, MA AF Clow, DW Mast, MA BE Tonnessen, KA Williams, MW Tranter, M TI Composition of precipitation, bulk deposition, and runoff at a granitic bedrock catchment in the Loch Vale watershed, Colorado, USA SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF SEASONALLY SNOW-COVERED CATCHMENTS SE IAHS PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Biogeochemistry of Seasonally Snow-Covered Catchments, at the XXI Assembly of the International-Union-of-Geodesy-and-Geophysics CY JUL 01-14, 1995 CL BOULDER, CO SP Int Union Geodesy & Geophys, IAHS, Int Commiss Snow & Ice, IAHS, Int Commiss Water Qual, IAHS, Int Comm Tracers, UNESCO C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. OI Clow, David/0000-0001-6183-4824 NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD, ENGLAND OX10 8BB SN 0144-7815 BN 0-947571-44-2 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 1995 IS 228 BP 235 EP 242 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BF19G UT WOS:A1995BF19G00024 ER PT S AU Campbell, DH Clow, DW Ingersoll, GP Mast, MA Spahr, NE Turk, JT AF Campbell, DH Clow, DW Ingersoll, GP Mast, MA Spahr, NE Turk, JT BE Tonnessen, KA Williams, MW Tranter, M TI Nitrogen deposition and release in alpine watersheds, Loch Vale, Colorado, USA SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF SEASONALLY SNOW-COVERED CATCHMENTS SE IAHS PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Biogeochemistry of Seasonally Snow-Covered Catchments, at the XXI Assembly of the International-Union-of-Geodesy-and-Geophysics CY JUL 01-14, 1995 CL BOULDER, CO SP Int Union Geodesy & Geophys, IAHS, Int Commiss Snow & Ice, IAHS, Int Commiss Water Qual, IAHS, Int Comm Tracers, UNESCO C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD, ENGLAND OX10 8BB SN 0144-7815 BN 0-947571-44-2 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 1995 IS 228 BP 243 EP 253 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BF19G UT WOS:A1995BF19G00025 ER PT S AU Mast, MA Kendall, C Campbell, DH Clow, DW Back, J AF Mast, MA Kendall, C Campbell, DH Clow, DW Back, J BE Tonnessen, KA Williams, MW Tranter, M TI Determination of hydrologic pathways in an alpine subalpine basin using isotopic and chemical tracers, Loch Vale Watershed, Colorado, USA SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF SEASONALLY SNOW-COVERED CATCHMENTS SE IAHS PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Biogeochemistry of Seasonally Snow-Covered Catchments, at the XXI Assembly of the International-Union-of-Geodesy-and-Geophysics CY JUL 01-14, 1995 CL BOULDER, CO SP Int Union Geodesy & Geophys, IAHS, Int Commiss Snow & Ice, IAHS, Int Commiss Water Qual, IAHS, Int Comm Tracers, UNESCO C1 US GEOL SURVEY,FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD, ENGLAND OX10 8BB SN 0144-7815 BN 0-947571-44-2 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 1995 IS 228 BP 263 EP 270 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BF19G UT WOS:A1995BF19G00027 ER PT S AU Sueker, JK AF Sueker, JK BE Tonnessen, KA Williams, MW Tranter, M TI Chemical hydrograph separation during snowmelt for three headwater basins in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF SEASONALLY SNOW-COVERED CATCHMENTS SE IAHS PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Biogeochemistry of Seasonally Snow-Covered Catchments, at the XXI Assembly of the International-Union-of-Geodesy-and-Geophysics CY JUL 01-14, 1995 CL BOULDER, CO SP Int Union Geodesy & Geophys, IAHS, Int Commiss Snow & Ice, IAHS, Int Commiss Water Qual, IAHS, Int Comm Tracers, UNESCO C1 US GEOL SURVEY,FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD, ENGLAND OX10 8BB SN 0144-7815 BN 0-947571-44-2 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 1995 IS 228 BP 271 EP 281 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BF19G UT WOS:A1995BF19G00028 ER PT S AU Peters, NE Leavesley, GH AF Peters, NE Leavesley, GH BE Tonnessen, KA Williams, MW Tranter, M TI Hydrochemical processes during snowmelt in a subalpine watershed, Colorado, USA SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF SEASONALLY SNOW-COVERED CATCHMENTS SE IAHS PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Biogeochemistry of Seasonally Snow-Covered Catchments, at the XXI Assembly of the International-Union-of-Geodesy-and-Geophysics CY JUL 01-14, 1995 CL BOULDER, CO SP Int Union Geodesy & Geophys, IAHS, Int Commiss Snow & Ice, IAHS, Int Commiss Water Qual, IAHS, Int Comm Tracers, UNESCO C1 US GEOL SURVEY,WRD,ATLANTA,GA 30360. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD, ENGLAND OX10 8BB SN 0144-7815 BN 0-947571-44-2 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 1995 IS 228 BP 313 EP 319 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BF19G UT WOS:A1995BF19G00032 ER PT S AU Shanley, JB Kendall, C Albert, MR Hardy, JP AF Shanley, JB Kendall, C Albert, MR Hardy, JP BE Tonnessen, KA Williams, MW Tranter, M TI Chemical and isotopic evolution of a layered eastern US snowpack and its relation to stream-water composition SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF SEASONALLY SNOW-COVERED CATCHMENTS SE IAHS PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Biogeochemistry of Seasonally Snow-Covered Catchments, at the XXI Assembly of the International-Union-of-Geodesy-and-Geophysics CY JUL 01-14, 1995 CL BOULDER, CO SP Int Union Geodesy & Geophys, IAHS, Int Commiss Snow & Ice, IAHS, Int Commiss Water Qual, IAHS, Int Comm Tracers, UNESCO C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MONTPELIER,VT 05601. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD, ENGLAND OX10 8BB SN 0144-7815 BN 0-947571-44-2 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 1995 IS 228 BP 329 EP 338 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BF19G UT WOS:A1995BF19G00034 ER PT S AU Kendall, C Campbell, DH Burns, DA Shanley, JB Silva, SR Chang, CCY AF Kendall, C Campbell, DH Burns, DA Shanley, JB Silva, SR Chang, CCY BE Tonnessen, KA Williams, MW Tranter, M TI Tracing sources of nitrate in snowmelt runoff using the oxygen and nitrogen isotopic compositions of nitrate SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF SEASONALLY SNOW-COVERED CATCHMENTS SE IAHS PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Biogeochemistry of Seasonally Snow-Covered Catchments, at the XXI Assembly of the International-Union-of-Geodesy-and-Geophysics CY JUL 01-14, 1995 CL BOULDER, CO SP Int Union Geodesy & Geophys, IAHS, Int Commiss Snow & Ice, IAHS, Int Commiss Water Qual, IAHS, Int Comm Tracers, UNESCO C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD, ENGLAND OX10 8BB SN 0144-7815 BN 0-947571-44-2 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 1995 IS 228 BP 339 EP 347 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BF19G UT WOS:A1995BF19G00035 ER PT S AU Fountain, AG Vaughn, BH AF Fountain, AG Vaughn, BH BE Tonnessen, KA Williams, MW Tranter, M TI Changing drainage patterns within South Cascade Glacier, Washington, USA, 1964-1992 SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF SEASONALLY SNOW-COVERED CATCHMENTS SE IAHS PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Biogeochemistry of Seasonally Snow-Covered Catchments, at the XXI Assembly of the International-Union-of-Geodesy-and-Geophysics CY JUL 01-14, 1995 CL BOULDER, CO SP Int Union Geodesy & Geophys, IAHS, Int Commiss Snow & Ice, IAHS, Int Commiss Water Qual, IAHS, Int Comm Tracers, UNESCO C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. OI VAUGHN, BRUCE/0000-0001-6503-957X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD, ENGLAND OX10 8BB SN 0144-7815 BN 0-947571-44-2 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 1995 IS 228 BP 379 EP 386 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BF19G UT WOS:A1995BF19G00040 ER PT S AU Axtmann, EV Stallard, RF AF Axtmann, EV Stallard, RF BE Tonnessen, KA Williams, MW Tranter, M TI Chemical weathering in the South Cascade Glacier basin, comparison of subglacial and extra-glacial weathering SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF SEASONALLY SNOW-COVERED CATCHMENTS SE IAHS PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Biogeochemistry of Seasonally Snow-Covered Catchments, at the XXI Assembly of the International-Union-of-Geodesy-and-Geophysics CY JUL 01-14, 1995 CL BOULDER, CO SP Int Union Geodesy & Geophys, IAHS, Int Commiss Snow & Ice, IAHS, Int Commiss Water Qual, IAHS, Int Comm Tracers, UNESCO C1 US GEOL SURVEY,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD, ENGLAND OX10 8BB SN 0144-7815 BN 0-947571-44-2 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 1995 IS 228 BP 431 EP 439 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BF19G UT WOS:A1995BF19G00045 ER PT S AU Michel, RL Naftz, DL AF Michel, RL Naftz, DL BE Tonnessen, KA Williams, MW Tranter, M TI Use of sulfur-35 and tritium to study runoff from an alpine glacier, Wind River Range, Wyoming SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF SEASONALLY SNOW-COVERED CATCHMENTS SE IAHS PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Biogeochemistry of Seasonally Snow-Covered Catchments, at the XXI Assembly of the International-Union-of-Geodesy-and-Geophysics CY JUL 01-14, 1995 CL BOULDER, CO SP Int Union Geodesy & Geophys, IAHS, Int Commiss Snow & Ice, IAHS, Int Commiss Water Qual, IAHS, Int Comm Tracers, UNESCO C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD, ENGLAND OX10 8BB SN 0144-7815 BN 0-947571-44-2 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 1995 IS 228 BP 441 EP 444 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BF19G UT WOS:A1995BF19G00046 ER PT J AU SERVHEEN, C KASWORM, WF THIER, TJ AF SERVHEEN, C KASWORM, WF THIER, TJ TI TRANSPLANTING GRIZZLY BEARS URSUS-ARCTOS-HORRIBILIS AS A MANAGEMENT TOOL - RESULTS FROM THE CABINET MOUNTAINS, MONTANA, USA SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article AB A study of grizzly bears Ursus arctos horribilis in the Cabinet Mountains, Montana indicated that the future of the population was in jeopardy, and population augmentation was recommended. The US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) issued an augmentation plan in 1987. The first of four projected transplants was completed in July 1990. The first transplanted grizzly bear was a 5-year-old female that weighed 71 kg. The first bear remained in the Cabinet Mountains following release and was monitored for 13 months before the radio collar was lost. This bear was visually located in the target area on 15 May 1992 approximately 19 km from the release site. Her home range from July 1990 through May 1992 encompassed 555 km2. Data regarding movements and habitat use were analysed and compared with native grizzly bears in the Cabinet Mountains. Trapping efforts in southeast British Columbia for additional bears to transplant were again conducted in 1991 and 1992. The effort resulted in the capture of eight different grizzly bears in 1991, but none met the sex and age criteria of 2-6-year-old females. Efforts in 1992 resulted in the capture of a second 71 kg 6-year-old female (bear 258) which was released at the same location as the first bear exactly 2 years later on 22 July 1992. Movements of bear 258 from July through November 1992 encompassed 388 km2 in the target release area. This second bear emerged with a single cub in May 1993 and was radio-monitored until July 1993 when it was found dead in the target release area. No trace of the cub was found although it had been seen with its mother in late June. The cause of death is as yet unknown pending completion of toxicology reports. A third subadult female bear (286) was captured in July 1993 and released in the target area where she has remained through October 1993. Transplanting of bears can be a valuable tool in the conservation of small bear populations worldwide. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,LIBBY,MT 59923. RP SERVHEEN, C (reprint author), UNIV MONTANA,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NS 312,MISSOULA,MT 59812, USA. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PY 1995 VL 71 IS 3 BP 261 EP 268 DI 10.1016/0006-3207(94)00035-O PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QH951 UT WOS:A1995QH95100006 ER PT B AU Bradley, PM Chapelle, FH Landmeyer, JE AF Bradley, PM Chapelle, FH Landmeyer, JE BE Hinchee, RE Anderson, DB Hoeppel, RE TI Degradation of 2,4-DNT, 2,6-DNT, and 2,4,6-TNT by indigenous aquifer microorganisms SO BIOREMEDIATION OF RECALCITRANT ORGANICS SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International In Situ and On-Site Bioreclamation Symposium CY APR, 1995 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Korea, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Thailand, Biotreatment News, Castalia, ENEA, Italy, Environm Protect, Gas Res Inst, Groundwater Technol Inc, Inst Francais Petr, Mitsubishi Corp, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Natl Inst Public Hlth & Environm, Netherlands, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab, Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US DOE, Off Technol Dev, US EPA, US Naval Facilities Engn Serv Ctr, Stanford Univ, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr, Oregon Univ, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr C1 US GEOL SURVEY,COLUMBIA,SC 29210. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-008-X J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1995 VL 3 IS 7 BP 267 EP 271 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA BG31U UT WOS:A1995BG31U00033 ER PT J AU FOLMAR, LC HARSHBARGER, J BAUMANN, PC GARDNER, G BONOMELLI, S AF FOLMAR, LC HARSHBARGER, J BAUMANN, PC GARDNER, G BONOMELLI, S TI PATHOLOGICAL AND SERUM CHEMISTRY PROFILES OF BROWN BULLHEADS (AMEIURUS-NEBULOSUS) FROM THE BLACK RIVER AND OLD WOMAN CREEK, OHIO SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PINFISH LAGODON-RHOMBOIDES; BLOOD-CHEMISTRY; FISH; FREQUENCIES; LAKE C1 SMITHSONIAN INST, MRC 163, REGISTRY TUMORS LOWER ANIM, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA. US EPA, NARRAGANSETT, RI 02882 USA. UNIV W FLORIDA, DEPT BIOL, PENSACOLA, FL 32514 USA. RP FOLMAR, LC (reprint author), US EPA, 1 SABINE ISL DR, GULF BREEZE, FL 32561 USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 54 IS 1 BP 50 EP 59 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA PU349 UT WOS:A1995PU34900008 PM 7756785 ER PT B AU Crovelli, RA Suslick, SB Singer, DA Balay, RH AF Crovelli, RA Suslick, SB Singer, DA Balay, RH BE Mitri, HS TI Fractal lognormal percentage assessment of porphyry copper resources SO CAMI'95 - COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN THE MINERAL INDUSTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Canadian Conference on Computer Applications in the Mineral Industry (CAMI 95) CY OCT 22-25, 1995 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP McGill Univ, Ecole Polytech Montreal, CIM C1 US GEOL SURVEY,BRANCH PETR GEOL,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MCGILL UNIV PI MONTREAL PA 845 SHERBROOKE ST W, MONTREAL PQ H3A 2T5, CANADA PY 1995 BP 37 EP 45 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BG01C UT WOS:A1995BG01C00005 ER PT J AU KEHOE, NM AF KEHOE, NM TI GRIZZLY BEAR URSUS-ARCTOS WOLF CANIS-LUPUS INTERACTION IN GLACIER-NATIONAL-PARK MONTANA SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Note DE GRIZZLY BEAR; URSUS ARCTOS; WOLF; CANIS LUPUS; BEAR-WOLF INTERACTION; INTERSPECIFIC AGGRESSION; FLATHEAD RIVER VALLEY; GLACIER NATIONAL PARK; MONTANA AB Agonistic behavior between a Grizzly Bear (Ursus arctos horribilis) with its cub and a large pack of Wolves (Canis lupus) was observed during an overflight of Glacier National Park in northwestern Montana (ca. 48 degrees 41'N, 114 degrees 09'W). The Wolves pursued and bit the adult bear as the animals moved along the edge of a meadow used as a natal den by the Wolves. The adult bear responded to the attack by repeatedly swatting at and charging the Wolves. At one point, several Wolves chased and attacked the cub, provoking an immediate defense response by the female bear. Direct, interspecific aggression between Grizzly Bears and Wolves in the conterminous 48 states, where the species are listed respectively as threatened and endangered, may impact either or both of these recovering populations. RP KEHOE, NM (reprint author), UNIV MONTANA,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,MISSOULA,MT 59812, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 10 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA BOX 3264 POSTAL STATION C, OTTAWA ON K1Y 4J5, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD JAN-MAR PY 1995 VL 109 IS 1 BP 117 EP 118 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RM135 UT WOS:A1995RM13500010 ER PT J AU CHANG, CCY PETERSEN, R AF CHANG, CCY PETERSEN, R TI EVIDENCE OF AUTUMN NITROGEN LIMITATION AND CONTRIBUTION OF PICOPLANKTON TO CARBON FIXATION IN LAKE TAHOE SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ALGA SELENASTRUM-MINUTUM; PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE; PHOTOTROPHIC PICOPLANKTON; OLIGOTROPHIC LAKE; CALIFORNIA-NEVADA; PHYTOPLANKTON; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; BIOMASS; ASSIMILATION; DEFICIENCY AB Water samples were collected from Lake Tahoe at midlake and nearshore stations at three depths (25, 50, and 75 m, corresponding to light intensities of approximately 10, 1, and 0.1% of surface light) in May and September. The water samples were evaluated to decide the following: (1) whether carbon fixation was N-limited and whether there were differences between picoplankton and larger phytoplankters and (2) the relative importance of picoplankton carbon fixation and related photosynthetic parameters. Evidence of N-limitation was observed only in September at the midlake station for the populations at 50 and 75 m, and to a lesser extent at the nearshore station at 75 m, but only for the nanoplankton fraction. The contribution of picoplankton to total carbon fixation ranged from 34 to 69% and did not increase with depth. Low values for I-k, the photoadaptation parameter, for deep water populations (0.1% light level) in September, but not May, suggested that these populations were adapted to low light in the fall but not the spring. C1 PORTLAND STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,PORTLAND,OR 97207. RP CHANG, CCY (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 52 IS 1 BP 54 EP 62 DI 10.1139/f95-005 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA RG860 UT WOS:A1995RG86000005 ER PT J AU LUNDBERG, J TAGGART, BE AF LUNDBERG, J TAGGART, BE TI DISSOLUTION PIPES IN NORTHERN PUERTO-RICO - AN EXHUMED PALEOKARST SO CARBONATES AND EVAPORITES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Paleokarst Field Conference on Macroscopic Dissolution Features in the Rock Record CY FEB 17-21, 1995 CL SAN SALVADOR ISLAND, BAHAMAS SP Karst Waters Inst ID SEA-LEVEL CHANGES; OXYGEN ISOTOPES; WEST-INDIES; BERMUDA; CLASSIFICATION; SEDIMENTS; HISTORY AB Late Quaternary pipe- or well-like paleokarst features are being exhumed and modified by modern coastal processes along the north-western and northern coasts of Puerto Rico. These features are cigar-shaped tubes dissolved into host rock, with depths up to 4 m, and widths of similar to 0.5 m. They can be so densely packed that much of the original deposit has been removed. Most contain evidence of a few millimeters thick calcrete lining, consisting of micrite laminae, and a zone of indurated rock up to several centimeters thick of micrite and microspar. Many pipes are filled with insoluble material similar in appearance to the insolubles of the host rock but more concentrated, and augmented by material which resembles terra-rossa. At one site the pipes have retained this primary fill material, now somewhat cemented. At the other site the primary fill material, probably sand rather than terra-rossa, was completely removed, the pipes re-filled with marine debris and the whole complex cemented. Some pipes show more than one cycle of filling, emptying and re-filling, and some areas show more than one phase of pipe formation. The pipes formed in the vadose zone, in poorly lithified, coarse-grained Late Quaternary sandy limestones, by dissolution and re-precipitation along focused flow paths in a climatic regime with rain and strong evaporation. They may have formed within a few thousand years of host rock emplacement. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,CTR GSA,GUAYNABO,PR 00965. RP LUNDBERG, J (reprint author), CARLETON UNIV,DEPT GEOG,OTTAWA,ON K1S 5B6,CANADA. OI Taggart, Bruce/0000-0001-7643-5826 NR 66 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU NORTHEASTERN SCIENCE FOUNDATION INC PI TROY PA PO BOX 746, TROY, NY 12181-0746 SN 0891-2556 J9 CARBONATE EVAPORITE JI Carbonates Evaporites PY 1995 VL 10 IS 2 BP 171 EP 183 PG 13 WC Geology SC Geology GA TJ512 UT WOS:A1995TJ51200006 ER PT J AU MARTINEZ, MI TROESTER, JW RICHARDS, RT AF MARTINEZ, MI TROESTER, JW RICHARDS, RT TI SURFACE ELECTROMAGNETIC GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION OF THE GROUNDWATER RESOURCES OF ISLA DE MONA, PUERTO-RICO, A CARIBBEAN CARBONATE ISLAND SO CARBONATES AND EVAPORITES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Paleokarst Field Conference on Macroscopic Dissolution Features in the Rock Record CY FEB 17-21, 1995 CL SAN SALVADOR ISLAND, BAHAMAS SP Karst Waters Inst ID LENSES AB Two electromagnetic surface geophysical techniques were used to explore the ground-water resources of Isla de Mona, Puerto Rico-a 55-square-kilometer island located between Puerto Rico and Hispanola. Isla de Mona is a tectonically uplifted carbonate plateau of Neogene age that has an average elevation of about 50 meters above mean sea level. This plateau is bounded by vertical cliffs except on the southwest where there is a narrow, 3-square-kilometer coastal plain. The coastal plain is composed of Quaternary carbonate deposits, and has a maximum elevation of less than 10 meters above mean sea level. No large-scale surface-water features are found on the plateau or on the coastal plain. To better understand the aquifer characteristics of the island, terrain conductivity and transient electromagnetic data were collected on the coastal plain and on the plateau. Computer programs were used to analyze quantitatively the electromagnetic data Geoelectric models were produced to approximate the depth below land surface of the saline-freshwater interface underlying both the coastal plain and the plateau. Because the geophysical methods could not discern the water-table, it was assumed that it was near sea level The thickness of the freshwater lens was estimated by subtracting the elevation of the land surface above mean sea level from the depth to the saline-freshwater interface as determined from the geophysical data Results from the geophysical methods and water-level observations indicate that a freshwater lens with a maximum thickness of about 10 meters exists under the coastal plain. This lens thins towards the ocean, and it also thins away from the ocean toward the plateau. The model produced from the transient electromagnetic data indicates that the freshwater lens under the plateau has a maximum thickness of about 14 meters, which is a much thinner lens than previously estimated A freshwater lens thickness of 14 meters is similar to direct measurements by divers in Cueva de Agua at Punta los Ingleses (located on the southeast coast), and observations by divers of freshwater seeps into the ocean at depths of 8 to 10 meters along the north coast cliffs after a major rainstorm. Ground-water now in the coastal plain appears to be radial from the center of the freshwater mound At the intersection between the coastal plain and the plateau, the flow is parallel to the coastline. The direction of flow on the rest of the plateau could not be determined accurately with the available data. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,GUAYNABO,PR 00965. RP MARTINEZ, MI (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOSCI,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU NORTHEASTERN SCIENCE FOUNDATION INC PI TROY PA PO BOX 746, TROY, NY 12181-0746 SN 0891-2556 J9 CARBONATE EVAPORITE JI Carbonates Evaporites PY 1995 VL 10 IS 2 BP 184 EP 192 PG 9 WC Geology SC Geology GA TJ512 UT WOS:A1995TJ51200007 ER PT S AU White, AF Brantley, SL AF White, AF Brantley, SL BE White, AF Brantley, SL TI Chemical weathering rates of silicate minerals: An overview SO CHEMICAL WEATHERING RATES OF SILICATE MINERALS SE REVIEWS IN MINERALOGY LA English DT Review ID ROCKS C1 PENN STATE UNIV, DEPT GEOSCI, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA. RP White, AF (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, 345 MIDDLEFIELD RD, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. NR 41 TC 111 Z9 119 U1 4 U2 42 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0275-0279 BN 0-939950-38-3 J9 REV MINERAL JI Rev. Mineral. PY 1995 VL 31 BP 1 EP 22 PG 22 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA BE32P UT WOS:A1995BE32P00001 ER PT S AU Blum, AE Stillings, LL AF Blum, AE Stillings, LL BE White, AF Brantley, SL TI Feldspar dissolution kinetics SO CHEMICAL WEATHERING RATES OF SILICATE MINERALS SE REVIEWS IN MINERALOGY LA English DT Review ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRICAL DOUBLE-LAYER; WATER-ROCK INTERACTIONS; STEADY-STATE KINETICS; MIXED FLOW REACTOR; REACTION-RATES; ORGANIC-ACIDS; SURFACE-AREA; COORDINATION CHEMISTRY; LABRADORITE FELDSPAR C1 UNIV WYOMING, DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS, LARAMIE, WY 82071 USA. RP Blum, AE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, 3215 MARINE ST, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NR 205 TC 149 Z9 150 U1 4 U2 35 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0275-0279 BN 0-939950-38-3 J9 REV MINERAL JI Rev. Mineral. PY 1995 VL 31 BP 291 EP 351 PG 61 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA BE32P UT WOS:A1995BE32P00007 ER PT S AU White, AF AF White, AF BE White, AF Brantley, SL TI Chemical weathering rates of silicate minerals in soils SO CHEMICAL WEATHERING RATES OF SILICATE MINERALS SE REVIEWS IN MINERALOGY LA English DT Review ID ALBITE DISSOLUTION KINETICS; ETCH-PIT SIZE; SURFACE-AREA; SOLUTION CHEMISTRY; MASS BALANCE; PRECIPITATION KINETICS; RATE CONSTANTS; BLUE RIDGE; MID-WALES; CALIFORNIA RP White, AF (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. NR 118 TC 151 Z9 155 U1 2 U2 32 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0275-0279 BN 0-939950-38-3 J9 REV MINERAL JI Rev. Mineral. PY 1995 VL 31 BP 407 EP 461 PG 55 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA BE32P UT WOS:A1995BE32P00009 ER PT J AU Drever, JI Clow, DW AF Drever, JI Clow, DW TI Weathering rates in catchments SO CHEMICAL WEATHERING RATES OF SILICATE MINERALS SE REVIEWS IN MINERALOGY LA English DT Review ID DISSOLUTION KINETICS; WATER CHEMISTRY; CO2; GEOCHEMISTRY; TEMPERATURE; ALBITE; INPUTS; AMAZON; ROCKS; USA C1 US GEOL SURVEY, DENVER FED CTR, LAKEWOOD, CO 80225 USA. RP Drever, JI (reprint author), UNIV WYOMING, DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS, LARAMIE, WY 82071 USA. NR 67 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 2 U2 14 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 1130 SEVENTEENTH ST NW, SUITE 330, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0275-0279 J9 REV MINERAL PY 1995 VL 31 BP 463 EP 483 PG 21 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA BE32P UT WOS:A1995BE32P00010 ER PT J AU Stallard, RF AF Stallard, RF TI Relating chemical and physical erosion SO CHEMICAL WEATHERING RATES OF SILICATE MINERALS SE REVIEWS IN MINERALOGY LA English DT Review ID RIVER DRAINAGE-BASIN; ORINOCO RIVER; WEATHERING ENVIRONMENT; LAND-USE; SEDIMENT; LANDSLIDES; VENEZUELA; DENUDATION; TRANSPORT; DISCHARGE RP Stallard, RF (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,3215 MARINE ST,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Stallard, Robert/H-2649-2013 OI Stallard, Robert/0000-0001-8209-7608 NR 58 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 6 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 1130 SEVENTEENTH ST NW, SUITE 330, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0275-0279 J9 REV MINERAL PY 1995 VL 31 BP 543 EP 564 PG 22 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA BE32P UT WOS:A1995BE32P00012 ER PT B AU Delin, GN Landon, MK Lamb, JA Dowdy, RH Anderson, JL AF Delin, GN Landon, MK Lamb, JA Dowdy, RH Anderson, JL GP AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS TI Transport of agricultural chemicals to groundwater, Princeton, Minnesota, 1991-93 SO CLEAN WATER - CLEAN ENVIRONMENT - 21ST CENTURY, TEAM AGRICULTURE - WORKING TO PROTECT WATER RESOURCES, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL I: PESTICIDES SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Clean Water, Clean Environment, 21st-Century - Team Agriculture, Working to Protect Water Resources CY MAR 05-08, 1995 CL KANSAS CITY, MO SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MOUNDS VIEW,MN 55112. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-60-1 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1995 VL 95 IS 2 BP 57 EP 60 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BE60Z UT WOS:A1995BE60Z00015 ER PT B AU Blevins, DW Wilkison, DH Kelly, BP AF Blevins, DW Wilkison, DH Kelly, BP GP AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS TI Fertilizer contribution from continuous corn to nitrate in surface and groundwater in a clay-rich soil and aquifer SO CLEAN WATER - CLEAN ENVIRONMENT - 21ST CENTURY, TEAM AGRICULTURE - WORKING TO PROTECT WATER RESOURCES, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL II: NUTRIENTS SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Clean Water, Clean Environment, 21st-Century - Team Agriculture, Working to Protect Water Resources CY MAR 05-08, 1995 CL KANSAS CITY, MO SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers C1 US GEOL SURVEY,INDEPENDENCE,MO 64050. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-60-1 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1995 VL 95 IS 2 BP 17 EP 17 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BE61A UT WOS:A1995BE61A00005 ER PT B AU Huntzinger, TL Stamer, JK AF Huntzinger, TL Stamer, JK GP AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS TI Herbicides and nitrates in water supply sources in Central nebraska SO CLEAN WATER - CLEAN ENVIRONMENT - 21ST CENTURY, TEAM AGRICULTURE - WORKING TO PROTECT WATER RESOURCES, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL III: PRACTICES, SYSTEMS & ADOPTION SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Clean Water, Clean Environment, 21st-Century - Team Agriculture, Working to Protect Water Resources CY MAR 05-08, 1995 CL KANSAS CITY, MO SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers C1 US GEOL SURVEY,LAWRENCE,KS 66049. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-60-1 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1995 VL 95 IS 2 BP 149 EP 152 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BE61B UT WOS:A1995BE61B00038 ER PT B AU Sullivan, DJ Richards, KD AF Sullivan, DJ Richards, KD GP AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS TI National wafer quality assessment: Western Lake Michigan drainage basin SO CLEAN WATER - CLEAN ENVIRONMENT - 21ST CENTURY, TEAM AGRICULTURE - WORKING TO PROTECT WATER RESOURCES, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL III: PRACTICES, SYSTEMS & ADOPTION SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Clean Water, Clean Environment, 21st-Century - Team Agriculture, Working to Protect Water Resources CY MAR 05-08, 1995 CL KANSAS CITY, MO SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers C1 US GEOL SURVEY,WRD,MADISON,WI 53719. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-60-1 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1995 VL 95 IS 2 BP 271 EP 274 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BE61B UT WOS:A1995BE61B00069 ER PT S AU Finkelman, RB AF Finkelman, RB BE Pajares, JA Tascon, JMD TI The need for enhanced coal quality databases SO COAL SCIENCE, VOLS I AND II SE COAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Coal Science CY SEP 10-15, 1995 CL OVIEDO, SPAIN SP Int Energy Agcy C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9449 BN 0-444-82227-5 J9 COAL SCI TECHNOL PY 1995 VL 24 BP 75 EP 78 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BF05M UT WOS:A1995BF05M00019 ER PT J AU FINDHOLT, SL ANDERSON, SH AF FINDHOLT, SL ANDERSON, SH TI DIET AND PREY USE PATTERNS OF THE AMERICAN WHITE PELICAN (PELECANUS-ERYTHRORHYNCHOS) NESTING AT PATHFINDER-RESERVOIR, WYOMING SO COLONIAL WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE AMERICAN WHITE PELICAN; DIET; PREY USE PATTERNS; WYOMING; PELECANUS ERYTHRORHYNCHOS AB We investigated the diet of the American White Pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) breeding on Bird Island, Pathfinder Reservoir, Wyoming, in 1986, 1988 and 1989, examining 584 regurgitations representing 11,717 prey items. Twenty-four prey species were found in the regurgitated boli. More than 90% of the numerical composition consisted of the Iowa darter (Etheostoma exile), crayfish (Orconectes spp.), tiger salamander (Ambystoma trigrinum), fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) and white sucker (Catostomus commersoni). Over 83% of the biomass consumed was composed of common carp ( Cyprinus carpio), white suckers and tiger salamanders. We found year-to-year variation for numbers of fathead minnows, crayfish and tiger salamanders taken by white pelicans. Differences in numbers of white suckers, common carp, Iowa darters and tiger salamanders consumed by pelicans occurred within the breeding period during 1988. In 1989, we found within-breeding season differences in numbers of common carp and crayfish consumed by pelicans. Annual and nesting season dietary switches were more probably related to changes in food availability than to chick age-dependent prey selection. It appears that prey vulnerability primarily determined the composition of the white pelican diet at Pathfinder Reservoir. White pelicans mostly consumed the susceptible bottom-dwelling species in water less than 1 m deep or prey within 1 m of the surface of deep water. C1 UNIV WYOMING,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,WYOMING COOPERAT FISHERY & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,LARAMIE,WY 82071. NR 0 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 11 PU COLONIAL WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0738-6028 J9 COLON WATERBIRD JI Colon. Waterbirds PY 1995 VL 18 IS 1 BP 58 EP 68 DI 10.2307/1521399 PG 11 WC Ecology; Ornithology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA RC992 UT WOS:A1995RC99200007 ER PT J AU Trapp, JL Dwyer, TJ Doggett, JJ Nickum, JG AF Trapp, JL Dwyer, TJ Doggett, JJ Nickum, JG TI Management responsibilities and policies for cormorants: United States Fish and Wildlife Service SO COLONIAL WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE animal control; aquaculture; catfish farming; cormorants; management; Phalacrocoracidae; policy AB The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has two somewhat conflicting mandates relative to the cormorant-aquaculture conflict: (1) to promote the development of private aquaculture, and (2) to protect and conserve populations of all species of migratory birds, including cormorants. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's responsibilities for aquaculture are found in the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1934, the Fish and Wildlife Act of 1956, the Fish-Rice Rotation Farming Program Act of 1958, and the National Aquaculture Act of 1980. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's responsibilities for the management of cormorants dates from 1972, when they were added to the list of migratory bird families protected by the Migratory Bird and Game Mammal Treaty with Mexico (the provisions of which are implemented by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act). In accordance with federal regulations, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service issues depredation permits to aquaculturists, in consultation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, for the limited take of cormorants and other fish-eating birds documented to be causing detrimental economic impacts. The routine issuance of depredation permits is viewed only as an interim measure, pending the eventual development and implementation of non-lethal and other control measures as part of an integrated management program designed to minimize the detrimental impacts of fish-eating birds on aquaculture. RP Trapp, JL (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,OFF MIGRATORY BIRD MANAGEMENT,WASHINGTON,DC 20240, USA. NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU COLONIAL WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0738-6028 J9 COLON WATERBIRD JI Colon. Waterbirds PY 1995 VL 18 SI 1 BP 226 EP 230 DI 10.2307/1521542 PG 5 WC Ecology; Ornithology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA TM970 UT WOS:A1995TM97000024 ER PT B AU DETTINGER, MD GHIL, M AF DETTINGER, MD GHIL, M GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Multiple time-scale analysis of idealized planetary-boundary-layer soil-moisture interactions SO CONFERENCE ON HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hydrology, at the 75th AMS Annual Meeting CY JAN 15-20, 1995 CL DALLAS, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 US GEOL SURVEY,SAN DIEGO,CA 92123. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1995 BP 40 EP 40 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA BD28W UT WOS:A1995BD28W00010 ER PT B AU Huntzinger, TL AF Huntzinger, TL BE Johnson, SR Bouzaher, A TI Surface water: A critical resource of the Great Plains SO CONSERVATION OF GREAT PLAINS ECOSYSTEMS: CURRENT SCIENCE, FUTURE OPTIONS SE ECOLOGY, ECONOMY & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Conservation of Great Plains Ecosystems - Current Science, Future Options CY APR 07-09, 1993 CL KANSAS CITY, MO SP US EPA, Reg VII, W Governors Assoc, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Agr & Rural Dev C1 US GEOL SURVEY,NATL WATER QUAL ASSESSMENT,LAWRENCE,KS 66049. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-3747-6 J9 ECOL EC ENV JI Ecol. Econ. Environ. PY 1995 VL 5 BP 253 EP 273 PG 21 WC Agronomy; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BE80K UT WOS:A1995BE80K00018 ER PT B AU Mulhern, DW Knowles, CJ AF Mulhern, DW Knowles, CJ BE Uresk, DW Schenbeck, GL ORourke, JT TI Black-tailed prairie dog status and future conservation planning SO CONSERVING BIODIVERSITY ON NATIVE RANGELANDS: SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Conserving Biodiversity on Native Rangelands CY AUG 17, 1995 CL FT ROBINSON STATE PK, NE SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Nebraska Natl Forest, Chadron State Coll, Dept Agr & Ind Technol, Wildlife Soc, Cent Mt & Plans Sect, Wildlife Soc, Nebraska Chapter AB The black-tailed prairie dog is one of five prairie dog species estimated to have once occupied up to 100 million ha or more in North America. The area occupied by black-tailed prairie dogs has declined to approximately 2% of its former range. Conversion of habitat to other land uses and widespread prairie dog eradication efforts combined with sylvatic plague, Yersinia pestis, have caused significant reductions. Although, the species itself is not in imminent jeopardy of extinction, its unique ecosystem is jeopardized by continuing fragmentation and isolation. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Manhattan, KS USA. RP Mulhern, DW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Manhattan, KS USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1995 VL 298 BP 19 EP 29 PG 11 GA BK43W UT WOS:000072181100003 ER PT J AU SINIGOI, S QUICK, JE MAYER, A DEMARCHI, G AF SINIGOI, S QUICK, JE MAYER, A DEMARCHI, G TI DENSITY-CONTROLLED ASSIMILATION OF UNDERPLATED CRUST, IVREA-VERBANO ZONE, ITALY SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID IGNEOUS COMPLEX; WESTERN ALPS; BASALT; CRYSTALLIZATION; MAGMAS; MANTLE; MODEL AB Structural, chemical and density data from the southern Ivrea-Verbano Zone indicate that the evolution of the lower crust may be strongly influenced by evolving density contrasts between mafic magmas and melting country rocks. The Ivrea-Verbano Zone contains a 10 km thick igneous mafic complex that intruded high-grade metamorphic rocks while they were resident in the lower crust. Heat released from the mafic intrusion induced partial melting in the country rocks on a regional scale. Slivers of crustal rocks (septa) are interlayered with igneous mafic/ultramafic rocks deep in the complex and show evidence of an advanced degree of partial melting. The chemical and isotopic composition of the Mafic Complex indicates significant contamination of mantle magma by a component delivered from a crustal source depleted in granophile elements, similar to the septa. In contrast, the present roof rocks cannot represent the source of the main contaminant because they are too rich in incompatible elements. The computed density of the mafic melt at the pressure conditions of the intrusion is intermediate between measured densities of the (lighter) roof rocks and the (heavier) septa. It appears that removal of buoyant anatectic melts increased the density of a restite layer on the roof. After the density exceeded that of the mafic melt, the restite layer was incorporated into the growing igneous body, creating a septum and providing the appropriate source for the contaminant of the Mafic Complex. In the Ivrea-Verbano Zone this process was episodically repeated during the evolution of the Mafic Complex. Worldwide, this process may profoundly influence the chemistry of continental basalts and may create a dense and layered lower crust. C1 US GEOL SURVEY, DENVER FED CTR, DENVER, CO 80225 USA. RP SINIGOI, S (reprint author), UNIV TRIESTE, IST MINERAL & PETROG, P EUROPA 1, I-34100 TRIESTE, ITALY. OI DEMARCHI, Gabriella/0000-0001-6927-864X; SINIGOI, Silvano/0000-0001-6812-4083 NR 32 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 129 IS 1-4 BP 183 EP 191 DI 10.1016/0012-821X(94)00230-V PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QD567 UT WOS:A1995QD56700013 ER PT J AU BROWN, ET STALLARD, RF LARSEN, MC RAISBECK, GM YIOU, F AF BROWN, ET STALLARD, RF LARSEN, MC RAISBECK, GM YIOU, F TI DENUDATION RATES DETERMINED FROM THE ACCUMULATION OF IN SITU-PRODUCED BE-10 IN THE LUQUILLO EXPERIMENTAL FOREST, PUERTO-RICO SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUARTZ; ENVIRONMENT; AL-26; GEOCHEMISTRY; MOUNTAINS AB We present a simple method for estimation of long-term mean denudation rates using in situ-produced cosmogenic Be-10 in fluvial sediments. Procedures are discussed to account for the effects of soil bioturbation, mass wasting and attenuation of cosmic rays by biomass and by local topography. Our analyses of Be-10 in quartz from bedrock outcrops, soils, mass-wasting sites and riverine sediment from the Icacos River basin in the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico, are used to characterize denudation for major landform elements in that basin. The Be-10 concentration of a discharge-weighted average of size classes of river sediment corresponds to a long-term average denudation of approximate to 43 m Ma(-1), consistent with mass balance results. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP BROWN, ET (reprint author), CTR SPECTROMETRIE NUCL & SPECTROMETRIE MASSE,CNRS,IN2P3,BATIMENT 108,F-91405 ORSAY,FRANCE. RI Stallard, Robert/H-2649-2013 OI Stallard, Robert/0000-0001-8209-7608 NR 28 TC 278 Z9 286 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 129 IS 1-4 BP 193 EP 202 DI 10.1016/0012-821X(94)00249-X PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QD567 UT WOS:A1995QD56700014 ER PT J AU KARGEL, JS AF KARGEL, JS TI CRYOVOLCANISM ON THE ICY SATELLITES SO EARTH MOON AND PLANETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Comparative Planetology with an Earth Perspective CY JUN 06-08, 1994 CL PASADENA, CA ID VOLCANISM; VOYAGER-2; SYSTEM; EVOLUTION; URANUS AB Evidence of past cryovolcanism is widespread and extremely varied on the icy satellites. Some cryovolcanic landscapes, notably on Triton, are similar to many silicate volcanic terrains, including what appear to be volcanic rifts, calderas and solidified lava lakes, flow fields, breached cinder cones or stratovolcanoes, viscous lava domes, and sinuous rilles. Most other satellites have terrains that are different in the important respect that no obvious volcanoes are present. The preserved record of cryovolcanism generally is believed to have formed by eruptions of aqueous solutions and slurries. Even Triton's volcanic crust, which is covered by nitrogen-rich frost, is probably dominated by water ice. Nonpolar and weakly polar molecular liquids (mainly N-2, CH4, CO, CO2, and Ar), may originate by decomposition of gas-clathrate hydrates and may have been erupted on some icy satellites, but without water these substances do not form rigid solids that are stable against sublimation or melting over geologic time. Triton's plumes, active at the time of Voyager 2's flyby, may consist of multicomponent nonpolar gas mixtures. The plumes may be volcanogenic fumaroles or geyserlike emissions powered by deep internal heating, and, thus, the plumes may be indicating an interior that is still cryomagmatically active; or Triton's plumes may be powered by solar heating of translucent ices very near the surface. The Uranian and Neptunian satellites Miranda, Ariel, and Triton have flow deposits that are hundreds to thousands of meters thick (implying highly viscous lavas); by contrast, the Jovian and Saturnian satellites generally have plains-forming deposits composed of relatively thin flows whose thicknesses have not been resolved in Voyager images (thus implying relatively low-viscosity lavas). One possible explanation for this inferred theological distinction involves a difference in volatile composition of the Uranian and Neptunian satellites on one hand and of the Jovian and Saturnian satellites on the other hand. Perhaps the Jovian and Saturnian satellites tend to have relatively ''clean'' compositions with water ice as the main volatile (ammonia and water-soluble salts may also be present). The Uranian and Neptunian satellites may possess large amounts of a chemically unequilibrated comet-like volatile assemblage, including methanol, formaldehyde, and a host of other highly water- and ammonia-water-soluble constituents and gas clathrate hydrates. These two volatile mixtures would produce melts that differ enormously in viscosity The geomorphologic similarity in the products of volcanism on Earth and Triton may arise partly from a theological similarity of the ammonia-water-methanol series of liquids and the silicate series ranging from basalt to dacite. An abundance of gas clathrate hydrates hypothesized to be contained by the satellites of Uranus and Neptune could contribute to evidence of explosive volcanism on those objects. RP KARGEL, JS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,2255 N GEMINI DR,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001, USA. NR 32 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 14 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9295 J9 EARTH MOON PLANETS JI Earth Moon Planets PY 1995 VL 67 IS 1-3 BP 101 EP 113 DI 10.1007/BF00613296 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA TD346 UT WOS:A1995TD34600014 ER PT J AU BELCHANSKII, GI OVCHINNIKOV, GK SHEVCHENKO, VI DOUGLAS, D AF BELCHANSKII, GI OVCHINNIKOV, GK SHEVCHENKO, VI DOUGLAS, D TI COMPARATIVE VALIDITY ESTIMATION OF ERS-1, ALMAZ, AND LANDSAT-TM SATELLITE DATA FOR DOCUMENTATION OF TUNDRA ECOSYSTEMS SO EARTH OBSERVATION AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB Comparative validity of the ERS-1, ''Almaz'', and ''Landsat-TM'' satellite data for documentation of tundra ecosystems is estimated. Algorithms and software are developed for comprehensive data processing with the minimumloss function in false classification as the classification optimality criterion. A stepwise discriminant analysis of data for choosing an optimal ensemble of the main and synthesized channels is performed. The results of classification and comparative analysis are presented. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ALASKA FISH & WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANCHORAGE,AK 99503. RP BELCHANSKII, GI (reprint author), RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,SEVERTSOV INST EVOLUTIONARY MORPHOL & ANIM ECOL,MOSCOW,RUSSIA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HARWOOD ACAD PUBL GMBH PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1024-5251 J9 EARTH OBS REMOT SEN+ JI Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PY 1995 VL 12 IS 3 BP 366 EP 377 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA RX103 UT WOS:A1995RX10300006 ER PT B AU OPLER, PA AF OPLER, PA BE Pullin, AS TI CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF BUTTERFLY DIVERSITY IN NORTH-AMERICA SO ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF BUTTERFLIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Ecology and Conservation of Butterflies CY SEP, 1993 CL KEELE UNIV, KEELE, ENGLAND HO KEELE UNIV C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,OFF INFORMAT TRANSFER,FT COLLINS,CO 80525. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU CHAPMAN & HALL PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN BN 0-412-56970-1 PY 1995 BP 316 EP 324 PG 9 WC Ecology; Entomology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Entomology GA BC82Z UT WOS:A1995BC82Z00022 ER PT J AU FORCE, ER DICKINSON, WR HAGSTRUM, JT AF FORCE, ER DICKINSON, WR HAGSTRUM, JT TI TILTING HISTORY OF THE SAN MANUEL-KALAMAZOO PORPHYRY SYSTEM, SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Article AB The Laramide San Manuel-Kalamazoo porphyry system of Arizona has been pivotal in concepts of both extensional tectonics and alteration-mineralization zoning. This paper reexamines the tilting history in light of new work in the region and reinterprets the geometry of the deposit. The porphyry mineralization occurs in and near an intrusion of Laramide San Manuel porphyry in Precambrian Oracle Granite. The area has an extremely complicated history of Tertiary crustal extension and fanglomerate deposition, but the blocks containing the two main fragments of the original orebody (separated by the San Manuel fault) were involved in only the later parts of this history and are less tilted than other nearby blocks. Originally horizontal features of mid-Tertiary age are tilted about 30 degrees, those of Laramide age about 35 degrees, and those of pre-laramide age about 45 degrees to the northeast. Pa leomagnetism of the porphyry intrusion itself suggests tilting of about 33 degrees. The data thus suggest that postemplacement tilt of the Laramide porphyry system was 30 degrees to 35 degrees and that virtually all of it was mid-Tertiary in age. An earlier interpretation of greater tilt magnitude was apparently based in part on correlation with adjacent areas showing greater tilt magnitude (as in the Tar Wash allochthon) and in part on a choice of cross section that gives the impression of a nearly recumbent attitude. However, Lowell's sections are oriented along the strike of both the orebodies and the productive porphyry intrusion, which are dipping tablo-cylindroidal bodies. Ore forms a hollow envelope whose inner margin has an aspect ratio of about >4.3 (length)/>2.5 (downdip height)/1 (limb separation). The productive intrusion, around which ore is wrapped, has a similar aspect ratio in the same plane (strike N 58 degrees E, dip 47 degrees SE). Reconstruction of the original attitudes of intrusion and ore yields a common strike near N 75 degrees E and a steep dip to the south. This is a common attitude for undisturbed productive porphyry dikes of Laramide age. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT GEOL SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP FORCE, ER (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,US GEOL SURVEY,GOULD SIMPSON BLDG,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI EL PASO PA UNIV TEXAS AT EL PASO ROOM 202 QUINN HALL, EL PASO, TX 79968 SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 90 IS 1 BP 67 EP 80 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QX738 UT WOS:A1995QX73800006 ER PT J AU SINGER, DA AF SINGER, DA TI WORLD-CLASS BASE AND PRECIOUS-METAL DEPOSITS - A QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Article ID GOLD AB Over 62 percent of the 193,000 metric tons of gold discovered to date is located in four countries and more than 68 percent occurs in four types of mineral deposits. About 55 percent of the 1,740,000 metric tons of silver found is in four countries and 45 percent is in four types of deposits. Fifty-six percent of the 1.52 billion metric tolls of discovered copper is from four countries and four types of deposits contain 88 percent of the total. Over 50 percent of both the 713,000,000 metric tons of zinc and 349,000,000 metric tons of lead discovered to date come from four countries and 70 percent of both metals occur in four types of deposits. All discovered gold would fit in a cube with a height of 22 m, silver in a 55-m cube, copper in a 550-m cube, zinc in a 460-m cube, and lead in a 310-m cube. At least 74 percent of gold, silver, zinc, and lead is in deposits having average grades above the respective median grades and 44 percent of copper is in deposits with average grades above the median grade of all deposits. Lower grade deposits contain less total metal than higher grade deposits, Tonnage of mineralized rock is an even better predictor of contained metal with over 96 percent of each metal's total residing in deposits having greater than median size and between 47 and 79 percent of metal contained in the largest 10 percent of deposits. World class deposits, defined as the upper 10 percent of deposits in terms of contained metal, account for over 86 percent of all gold, 79 percent of silver, 84 percent of copper, 71 percent of zinc, and 73 percent of lead. These giant deposits contain at least 100 metric tons (3.2 Mot) gold, 2,400 metric tons (77 Mot) silver, 2 million metric tons copper, 1.7 million metric tons zinc, or 1 million metric tons lead. Mineral deposits occur rarely in the earth's crust and large ones are especially uncommon. This analysis shows that only the unusually large deposits can significantly affect supply. RP SINGER, DA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MAIL STOP 984,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 42 TC 100 Z9 112 U1 1 U2 5 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI EL PASO PA UNIV TEXAS AT EL PASO ROOM 202 QUINN HALL, EL PASO, TX 79968 SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 90 IS 1 BP 88 EP 104 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QX738 UT WOS:A1995QX73800008 ER PT J AU GRAUCH, VJS JACHENS, RC BLAKELY, RJ AF GRAUCH, VJS JACHENS, RC BLAKELY, RJ TI EVIDENCE FOR A BASEMENT FEATURE RELATED TO THE CORTEZ DISSEMINATED GOLD TREND AND IMPLICATIONS FOR REGIONAL EXPLORATION IN NEVADA SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Note ID ANOMALIES; GRAVITY; WESTERN C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 90425. RP GRAUCH, VJS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,BOX 25046,MAIL STOP 964,FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI EL PASO PA UNIV TEXAS AT EL PASO ROOM 202 QUINN HALL, EL PASO, TX 79968 SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 90 IS 1 BP 203 EP 207 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QX738 UT WOS:A1995QX73800017 ER PT J AU AREHART, GB FOLAND, KA NAESER, CW KESLER, SE AF AREHART, GB FOLAND, KA NAESER, CW KESLER, SE TI AR-40/AR-39, K/AR, AND FISSION-TRACK GEOCHRONOLOGY OF SEDIMENT-HOSTED DISSEMINATED GOLD DEPOSITS AT POST-BETZE, CARLIN TREND, NORTHEASTERN NEVADA - REPLY SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Discussion C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT GEOL SCI,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOL SCI,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI EL PASO PA UNIV TEXAS AT EL PASO ROOM 202 QUINN HALL, EL PASO, TX 79968 SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 90 IS 1 BP 210 EP 212 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QX738 UT WOS:A1995QX73800019 ER PT J AU Ogden, CC AF Ogden, CC BE Everett, RL Baumgartner, DM TI Assessment of western Washington and Oregon (FEMAT) SO ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT IN WESTERN INTERIOR FORESTS, SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Ecosystem Management in Western Interior Forest Symposium CY MAY 03-05, 1994 CL SPOKANE, WA SP Consortium Sustainable Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst, US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Expt Stn, Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Cooperat Extens, Ctr Sustaini, ng Agr & Nat Resources C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,INTERAGCY SEIS TEAM,PORTLAND,OR 97266. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY DEPT NATURAL RESOURCES SCI PI PULLMAN PA 131 JOHNSON HALL WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, PULLMAN, WA 99164-6410 PY 1995 BP 135 EP 136 PG 2 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BF68Z UT WOS:A1995BF68Z00019 ER PT S AU Runkel, RL AF Runkel, RL BE Osterkamp, WR TI Simulation models for conservative and nonconservative solute transport in streams SO EFFECTS OF SCALE ON INTERPRETATION AND MANAGEMENT OF SEDIMENT AND WATER QUALITY SE IAHS PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Effects of Scale on Interpretation and Management of Sediment and Water Quality, at the XXI Assembly of the International-Union-of-Geodesy-and-Geophysics CY JUL, 1995 CL BOULDER, CO SP Int Union Geodesy & Geophys, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Commiss Continental Erosion, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Commiss Water Qual, World Meteorol Org C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,LAKEWOOD,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD, ENGLAND OX10 8BB SN 0144-7815 BN 0-947571-34-5 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 1995 IS 226 BP 153 EP 159 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BF19E UT WOS:A1995BF19E00019 ER PT S AU Parker, RS Osterkamp, WR AF Parker, RS Osterkamp, WR BE Osterkamp, WR TI Identifying trends in sediment discharge from alterations in upstream land use SO EFFECTS OF SCALE ON INTERPRETATION AND MANAGEMENT OF SEDIMENT AND WATER QUALITY SE IAHS PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Effects of Scale on Interpretation and Management of Sediment and Water Quality, at the XXI Assembly of the International-Union-of-Geodesy-and-Geophysics CY JUL, 1995 CL BOULDER, CO SP Int Union Geodesy & Geophys, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Commiss Continental Erosion, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Commiss Water Qual, World Meteorol Org C1 US GEOL SURVEY,LAKEWOOD,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD, ENGLAND OX10 8BB SN 0144-7815 BN 0-947571-34-5 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 1995 IS 226 BP 207 EP 213 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BF19E UT WOS:A1995BF19E00026 ER PT S AU Horowitz, AJ AF Horowitz, AJ BE Osterkamp, WR TI Scale as a factor in designing sampling programs for determination of annual trace element fluxes SO EFFECTS OF SCALE ON INTERPRETATION AND MANAGEMENT OF SEDIMENT AND WATER QUALITY SE IAHS PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Effects of Scale on Interpretation and Management of Sediment and Water Quality, at the XXI Assembly of the International-Union-of-Geodesy-and-Geophysics CY JUL, 1995 CL BOULDER, CO SP Int Union Geodesy & Geophys, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Commiss Continental Erosion, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Commiss Water Qual, World Meteorol Org C1 US GEOL SURVEY,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD, ENGLAND OX10 8BB SN 0144-7815 BN 0-947571-34-5 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 1995 IS 226 BP 293 EP 301 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BF19E UT WOS:A1995BF19E00036 ER PT S AU Burkett, DP AF Burkett, DP BE Nielsen, JL TI Results of facilitated discussion of issues SO EVOLUTION AND THE AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM: DEFINING UNIQUE UNITS IN POPULATION CONSERVATION SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Evolution and the Aquatic Ecosystem - Defining Unique Units in Population Conservation CY MAY 23-25, 1994 CL MONTEREY, CA SP Amer Fisheries Soc C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,GREAT LAKES COORDINAT OFF,E LANSING,MI 48823. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-94-6 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1995 VL 17 BP 417 EP 418 PG 2 WC Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BE86L UT WOS:A1995BE86L00033 ER PT S AU Spear, M AF Spear, M BE Nielsen, JL TI Considerations in defining the concept of a distinct population segment of any species of vertebrate fish or wildlife SO EVOLUTION AND THE AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM: DEFINING UNIQUE UNITS IN POPULATION CONSERVATION SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Evolution and the Aquatic Ecosystem - Defining Unique Units in Population Conservation CY MAY 23-25, 1994 CL MONTEREY, CA SP Amer Fisheries Soc C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PORTLAND,OR 97232. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-94-6 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1995 VL 17 BP 423 EP 424 PG 2 WC Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BE86L UT WOS:A1995BE86L00035 ER PT S AU Goldhaber, MB Orr, WL AF Goldhaber, MB Orr, WL BE Vairavamurthy, MA Schoonen, MAA TI Kinetic controls on thermochemical sulfate reduction as a source of sedimentary H2S SO GEOCHEMICAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF SEDIMENTARY SULFUR SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposium on Geochemical Transformations of Sedimentary Sulfur, at the 208th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 21-25, 1994 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Geochem Inc ID SOUTHEAST MISSOURI; ORGANIC-MATTER; BASIN BRINES; SULFUR; MATURATION; SYSTEMS; GENESIS; ACID AB Laboratory experiments with aqueous ammonium sulfate in the presence of H2S and toluene are reported which show measurable SO42- reduction in 4 to 30 days at 175-250 degrees C. Reduction rates increase with both increasing temperature and H2S pressure but reduction was not measurable on our experimental timescale without H2S initially present. An activation energy of 96 (+/-16) kJ/mole was estimated from the data. These results (and other published studies) indicate that thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) is difficult to document below 200 degrees C on a laboratory time scale unless Sigma S (i.e. SO42- + H2S)is initially very high (>.5M) and pH is low (<2). Even though these conditions may fall outside the range found in nature, extrapolation of kinetic data to more typical natural values predicts that the formation of high-H2S natural gas and sulfide mineral deposits of the Mississippi Valley Type at 100-200 degrees C can readily occur at geologically reasonable rates. C1 EARTH & ENERGY SCI ADVISORS, DALLAS, TX 75208 USA. RP Goldhaber, MB (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, DENVER FED CTR, MAIL STOP 973, DENVER, CO 80225 USA. NR 28 TC 75 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3328-4 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1995 VL 612 BP 412 EP 425 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BE45Y UT WOS:A1995BE45Y00023 ER PT J AU TORIGOYEKITA, N MISAWA, K TATSUMOTO, M AF TORIGOYEKITA, N MISAWA, K TATSUMOTO, M TI U-TH-PB AND SM-ND ISOTOPIC SYSTEMATICS OF THE GOALPARA UREILITE - RESOLUTION OF TERRESTRIAL CONTAMINATION SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID RB-SR; EVOLUTION; ORIGIN; METEORITES; MODEL AB The U-Th-Pb and Sm-Nd isotopic systematics of mineral separates from the Goalpara ureilite were studied after applying acid leaching techniques. The separates were successively leached with dilute HBr and HNO3 in order to remove any secondary Pb components in the meterorite as well as to separate a light REE-rich component which has been known to be dissolved using a similar acid leaching procedure. The leachates contained large amounts of terrestrial Pb as well as significant amounts of U, Th, Sm, and Nd, whereas the residues were highly depleted in all five of these elements (between 0.1 and 0.001 times CI chondritic abundance). The U-Pb, Th-Pb, and Sm-Nd isotopic systematics can be interpreted as mixtures of highly depleted ureilite and terrestrial contamination in all fractions. For this reason, precise ages could not be obtained from any of these systems. The lead isotopic compositions in the residues are considered mixtures of terrestrial Pb and primordial meteoritic Pb (Canon Diablo troilite Pb) with a small amount of radiogenic Pb. However, on a U-Pb concordia diagram the residues indicate a formation age as old as 4.55 Ga, assuming the U-Pb data represent a mixture of terrestrial and ureilite U and Pb. Similarly, Sm-Nd systematics of the residues form a mixing line between the composition of 4.55-Gy old material and an average terrestrial crustal composition, yielding a 3.74-Ga pseudo-isochron. Furthermore, the acid leachates show terrestrial signatures of Th/U and Sm/Nd ratios, and Pb and Nd isotopic ratios. Therefore, it is doubtful that the so-called light REE-rich component in ureilites is indigenous, and that the implied metasomatic event on the ureilite parent body is real. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. RI Kita, Noriko/H-8035-2016 OI Kita, Noriko/0000-0002-0204-0765 NR 31 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN PY 1995 VL 59 IS 2 BP 381 EP 390 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QF346 UT WOS:A1995QF34600014 ER PT B AU MARK, RK ELLEN, SD AF MARK, RK ELLEN, SD BE Carrara, A Guzzetti, F TI Statistical and simulation models for mapping debris-flow hazard SO GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN ASSESSING NATURAL HAZARDS SE ADVANCES IN NATURAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARDS RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Geographical Information Systems in Assessing Natural Hazards CY SEP 20-22, 1993 CL PERUGIA, ITALY SP Natl Res Council, Natl Grp Prevent Hydrogeol Hazards, Univ Foreigners, Water Resources Res Documentat Ctr, Perugia C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA. NR 0 TC 33 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-3502-3 J9 ADV NAT TECHNOL HAZ PY 1995 VL 5 BP 93 EP 106 PG 4 WC Geography; Geology; Water Resources SC Geography; Geology; Water Resources GA BD80J UT WOS:A1995BD80J00006 ER PT B AU KAUAHIKAUA, J MARGRITER, S MOORE, RB AF KAUAHIKAUA, J MARGRITER, S MOORE, RB BE Carrara, A Guzzetti, F TI GIS-aided volcanic activity hazard analysis for the Hawaii Geothermal Project Environmental Impact Statement SO GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN ASSESSING NATURAL HAZARDS SE ADVANCES IN NATURAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARDS RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Geographical Information Systems in Assessing Natural Hazards CY SEP 20-22, 1993 CL PERUGIA, ITALY SP Natl Res Council, Natl Grp Prevent Hydrogeol Hazards, Univ Foreigners, Water Resources Res Documentat Ctr, Perugia C1 US GEOL SURVEY,HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERV,HAWAII NATL PK,HI. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-3502-3 J9 ADV NAT TECHNOL HAZ PY 1995 VL 5 BP 235 EP 257 PG 3 WC Geography; Geology; Water Resources SC Geography; Geology; Water Resources GA BD80J UT WOS:A1995BD80J00012 ER PT B AU BRABB, EE AF BRABB, EE BE Carrara, A Guzzetti, F TI The San Mateo County California GIS project for predicting the consequences of hazardous geologic processes SO GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN ASSESSING NATURAL HAZARDS SE ADVANCES IN NATURAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARDS RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Geographical Information Systems in Assessing Natural Hazards CY SEP 20-22, 1993 CL PERUGIA, ITALY SP Natl Res Council, Natl Grp Prevent Hydrogeol Hazards, Univ Foreigners, Water Resources Res Documentat Ctr, Perugia C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-3502-3 J9 ADV NAT TECHNOL HAZ PY 1995 VL 5 BP 299 EP 334 PG 4 WC Geography; Geology; Water Resources SC Geography; Geology; Water Resources GA BD80J UT WOS:A1995BD80J00015 ER PT J AU SUGARMAN, PJ MILLER, KG BUKRY, D FEIGENSON, MD AF SUGARMAN, PJ MILLER, KG BUKRY, D FEIGENSON, MD TI UPPERMOST CAMPANIAN MAESTRICHTIAN STRONTIUM ISOTOPIC, BIOSTRATIGRAPHIC, AND SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK OF THE NEW-JERSEY COASTAL-PLAIN SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID CRETACEOUS-TERTIARY BOUNDARY; NANNOFOSSIL; ATLANTIC; SEAWATER; SR AB Firm stratigraphic correlations are needed to evaluate the global significance of unconformity bounded units (sequences). We correlate the well-developed uppermost Campanian and Maestrichtian sequences of the New Jersey Coastal Plain to the geomagnetic polarity time scale (GPTS) by integrating Sr-isotopic stratigraphy and biostratigraphy. To do this, we developed a Maestrichtian (ca. 73-65 Ma) Sr-isotopic reference section at Deep Sea Drilling Project Hole 525A in the southeastern Atlantic Ocean. Maestrichtian strata can then be dated by measuring their Sr-87/Sr-86 composition, calibrating to the GPTS of S. C. Cande and D. V. Kent (1993, personal commun.), and using the equation Age (Ma) = 37 326.894 - 52 639.89 (Sr-87/Sr-86). Sr-stratigraphic resolution for the Maestrichtian is estimated as +/-1.2 to +/-2 m.y. At least two unconformity-bounded units comprise the uppermost Campanian to Maestrichtian strata in New Jersey. The lower one, the Marshalltown sequence, is assigned to calcareous nannofossil Zones CC20/21 (approximatelyNC19) and CC22b (approximatelyNC20). It ranges in age from approximately74.1 to 69.9 Ma based on Sr-isotope age estimates. The overlying Navesink sequence is assigned to calcareous nannoplankton Zones CC25-26 (approximately NC21-23); it ranges in age from 69.3 to 65 Ma based on Sr-isotope age estimates. The upper part of this sequence, the Tinton Formation, has no calcareous planktonic control; Sr-isotopes provide an age estimate of 66 +/- 1.2 Ma (latest Maestrichtian). Sequence boundaries at the base and the top of the Marshalltown sequence match boundaries elsewhere in the Atlantic Coastal Plain (Owens and Gohn, 1985) and the inferred global sea-level record of Haq et al. (1987); they support eustatic changes as the mechanism controlling depositional history of this sequence. However, the latest Maestrichtian record in New Jersey does not agree with Haq et al. (1987); we attribute this to correlation and time-scale differences near the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary. High sedimentation rates in the latest Maestrichtian of New Jersey (Shrewsbury Member of the Red Bank Formation and the Tinton Formation) suggest tectonic uplift and/or rapid progradation during deposition of the highstand systems tract. C1 RUTGERS STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOL SCI,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903. COLUMBIA UNIV,LAMONT DOHERTY EARTH OBSERV,PALISADES,NY 10964. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP SUGARMAN, PJ (reprint author), NEW JERSEY GEOL SURVEY,CN 427,TRENTON,NJ 08625, USA. NR 72 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 4 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 107 IS 1 BP 19 EP 37 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(1995)107<0019:UCMSIB>2.3.CO;2 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA QB283 UT WOS:A1995QB28300003 ER PT J AU PIPER, DZ ISAACS, CM AF PIPER, DZ ISAACS, CM TI MINOR ELEMENTS IN QUATERNARY SEDIMENT FROM THE SEA OF JAPAN - A RECORD OF SURFACE-WATER PRODUCTIVITY AND INTERMEDIATE-WATER REDOX CONDITIONS SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; TRACE-METALS; BLACK-SEA; FERROMANGANESE NODULES; PARTICULATE MATTER; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; FRAMVAREN FJORD; CARIACO TRENCH; GEOCHEMISTRY AB Sediment of Quaternary age from Oki Ridge (903 m depth) in the Sea of Japan (approximately 3500 m deep) records six episodes of high accumulation rates of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, U, V, and Zn. The high rates correspond to periods of sulfate reduction in the water column at the intermediate depth of Oki Ridge; the intervening low values correspond to periods of denitrification and oxygen respiration. The maxima have a period of 41 k.y., the youngest having an age of 1.10 Ma. The 41 k.y. cycle is similar to the cycle of delta O-18 values of open-ocean plankton of the same age. The similarity between the cycles of minor-element accumulation in Sea of Japan sediment and deltaO-18 values of Atlantic Ocean foraminifera indicates that redox changes in the water column of the Sea of Japan during the Quaternary, forced by major shifts in water-column advection and minor shifts in photic-zone productivity, reflect global events. RP PIPER, DZ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 96 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 11 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 107 IS 1 BP 54 EP 67 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(1995)107<0054:MEIQSF>2.3.CO;2 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA QB283 UT WOS:A1995QB28300005 ER PT J AU JONESCECIL, M AF JONESCECIL, M TI STRUCTURAL CONTROLS OF HOLOCENE REACTIVATION OF THE MEERS FAULT, SOUTHWESTERN OKLAHOMA, FROM MAGNETIC STUDIES SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID ANADARKO BASIN; NORTH-AMERICA; EARTHQUAKE RUPTURE; WICHITA MOUNTAINS; INITIATION; MORPHOLOGY; SEGMENTATION; TERMINATION; AULACOGEN; WASATCH AB Holocene reactivation of the aseismic Meers fault in southwestern Oklahoma illustrates the limitation of using the historical seismic record for identifying hazardous faults in the central United States. The 26- to 37-km-long fault scarp is one of the few known scarps recording Holocene movement in the central and eastern United States. Two documented late Holocene slip events, each with about 2.5 m of net slip and estimated M(s) ranging from 6 3/4 to 7 1/4, identify the Meers fault as a potentially hazardous fault. During Carboniferous and Early Permian tectonism, the Meers fault displaced rocks of sharply contrasting magnetic properties. Analysis of aeromagnetic data and twelve ground-magnetic profiles provides a detailed look at the fault within the magnetic basement. Because subsequent reactivation has been minor and of an opposite sense, the pronounced magnetic anomaly associated with the Meers fault reflects Paleozoic structures in the magnetic basement. The location of the Holocene fault scarp corresponds to the strong horizontal magnetic gradient caused by Paleozoic offset of magnetic basement, indicating that the Paleozoic fault controlled Holocene displacement. Two features apparent in both sets of magnetic data are splays of the Meers fault northwest of the Holocene scarp and dikelike bodies immediately south of the fault. Magnetic susceptibility measurements and rock magnetic data from unoriented core penetrating a dikelike body were incorporated into models of the ground-magnetic profiles. In most cases, secondary faults mapped or visible on low-sun-angle photographs correspond to faults modeled from magnetic data. This correlation shows that preexisting structures probably controlled secondary faulting. However, secondary faults at the southeastern end of the 26-km-long continuous fault scarp, previously interpreted from low-sun-angle photography, are not apparent in the magnetic data. Of importance to seismic hazard evaluation, the magnetic models show that the northwestern splays probably begin at the northwestern end of the reactivated segment and may indicate a persistent rupture propagation barrier to the west. In addition, the models show the dip of the Meers fault to be nearly vertical to about 0.5 km depth. This dip is consistent with the nearly straight fault trace, results of trenching studies, interpretation of shallow seismic-reflection data, and regional gravity and aeromagnetic models. In the present-day strike-slip regional stress field, the observed up-to-the-north Holocene displacement suggests that either the fault continues to dip steeply at depth or the regional stress field is approaching a normal-faulting stress regime. If the former is true, the scarcity of near-vertical faults with similar orientation within the area of the southern Oklahoma aulacogen implies that few are likely candidates for reactivation. RP JONESCECIL, M (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 87 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 107 IS 1 BP 98 EP 112 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(1995)107<0098:SCOHRO>2.3.CO;2 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA QB283 UT WOS:A1995QB28300008 ER PT J AU HOUGHTON, BF WILSON, CJN MCWILLIAMS, MO LANPHERE, MA WEAVER, SD BRIGGS, RM PRINGLE, MS AF HOUGHTON, BF WILSON, CJN MCWILLIAMS, MO LANPHERE, MA WEAVER, SD BRIGGS, RM PRINGLE, MS TI CHRONOLOGY AND DYNAMICS OF A LARGE SILICIC MAGMATIC SYSTEM - CENTRAL TAUPO VOLCANIC ZONE, NEW-ZEALAND SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The central Taupo Volcanic Zone in New Zealand is a region of intense Quaternary silicic volcanism accompanying rapid extension of continental crust. At least 34 caldera-forming ignimbrite eruptions have produced a complex sequence of relatively short-lived, nested, and/or overlapping volcanic centers over 1.6 m.y. Silicic volcanism at Taupo is similar to the Yellowstone system in size, longevity, thermal flux, and magma output rate. However, Taupo contrasts with Yellowstone in the exceptionally high frequency, but small size, of caldera-forming eruptions. This contrast reflects the thin, rifted nature of the crust, which precludes the development of long-term magmatic cycles at Taupo. C1 STANFORD UNIV, DEPT GEOPHYS, STANFORD, CA 94305 USA. US GEOL SURVEY, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. UNIV CANTERBURY, DEPT GEOL, CHRISTCHURCH 1, NEW ZEALAND. UNIV WAIKATO, DEPT EARTH SCI, HAMILTON, NEW ZEALAND. RP HOUGHTON, BF (reprint author), WAIRAKEI RES CTR, INST GEOL & NUCL SCI, PRIVATE BAG 2000, TAUPO, NEW ZEALAND. RI McWilliams, Michael/A-9548-2011; Wilson, Colin/E-9457-2011 OI McWilliams, Michael/0000-0002-4107-7069; Wilson, Colin/0000-0001-7565-0743 NR 11 TC 203 Z9 203 U1 3 U2 19 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JAN PY 1995 VL 23 IS 1 BP 13 EP 16 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0013:CADOAL>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA QB282 UT WOS:A1995QB28200003 ER PT J AU GOMBERG, J BODIN, P SAVAGE, W JACKSON, ME AF GOMBERG, J BODIN, P SAVAGE, W JACKSON, ME TI LANDSLIDE FAULTS AND TECTONIC FAULTS, ANALOGS - THE SLUMGULLION EARTHFLOW, COLORADO SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Recent geophysical observations of landslide movement support the hypothesis that processes involved in landslide faulting are analogous to those that operate in crustal-scale faulting. Relative to crustal faulting studies, quantitative seismic, geodetic, and creep measurements of landslide deformation may be made in a very short time with readily available instrumentation and at relatively minimal expense. Our results indicate that the displacement of landslide material occurs along discrete faults exhibiting a combination of brittle failure, indicated by slide quakes and creep events, and as stable sliding observed as steady-state creep. Although slide quakes were observed, a more steady-state failure process of relieving accumulating strain is indicated. C1 MEMPHIS STATE UNIV,CTR EARTHQUAKE RES & INFORMAT,MEMPHIS,TN 38152. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP GOMBERG, J (reprint author), MEMPHIS STATE UNIV,US GEOL SURVEY,CTR EARTHQUAKE RES & INFORMAT,MEMPHIS,TN 38152, USA. NR 11 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 8 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JAN PY 1995 VL 23 IS 1 BP 41 EP 44 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0041:LFATFA>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA QB282 UT WOS:A1995QB28200010 ER PT J AU FUIS, GS LEVANDER, AR LUTTER, WJ WISSINGER, ES MOORE, TE CHRISTENSEN, NI AF FUIS, GS LEVANDER, AR LUTTER, WJ WISSINGER, ES MOORE, TE CHRISTENSEN, NI TI SEISMIC IMAGES OF THE BROOKS RANGE, ARCTIC ALASKA, REVEAL CRUSTAL-SCALE DUPLEXING SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article AB An integrated set of seismic reflection and refraction data collected across the Brooks Range, Arctic Alaska, in 1990, has yielded a composite image of this Mesozoic and Cenozoic fold-and-thrust belt that reveals duplexing to lower-crustal depths. Interpretations from this image are as follows. (1) Many terranes and subterranes that were amalgamated in the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous extend no deeper than the upper crust (3-10 km). (2) In contrast, crustal duplexing, extending to nearly 30 km depth above a south-dipping basal decollement, has produced latest Cretaceous to Cenozoic antiforms, including the Doonerak antiform in the central Brooks Range and anticlinoria near the northern range front. (3) The duplexing occurs in basement rocks of the North Slope subterrane, which core the antiforms. (4) North-dipping structures in the middle crust of the Yukon-Koyukuk basin and southern Brooks Range may postdate Mesozoic terrane amalgamation and predate or coincide with the duplexing. (5) The thickest crust, 50 km, occurs beneath the north-central Brooks Range, north of the root zone of the basal decollement. The position of the thickest crust may indicate that either the duplexed crust above the decollement was thrust onto and depressed the plate beneath the North Slope or the protracted tectonic history of the Brooks Range has left structures not simply explainable in terms of a single collisional event. C1 RICE UNIV,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,HOUSTON,TX 77251. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT GEOSCI,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP FUIS, GS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. RI Levander, Alan/A-3543-2011; OI Levander, Alan/0000-0002-1048-0488; Fuis, Gary/0000-0002-3078-1544 NR 16 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JAN PY 1995 VL 23 IS 1 BP 65 EP 68 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0065:SIOTBR>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA QB282 UT WOS:A1995QB28200016 ER PT J AU VIDALE, JE GOES, S RICHARDS, PG AF VIDALE, JE GOES, S RICHARDS, PG TI NEAR-FIELD DEFORMATION SEEN ON DISTANT BROAD-BAND SEISMOGRAMS SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUBDUCTION ZONES; EARTHQUAKE; DISCONTINUITIES; MECHANISMS AB Although far-field body waves and surface waves are widely recognized, the improvements in broadband networks now allow the measurement of ''near-field'' deformation of large earthquakes at great distances. Near-field motions have been recognized previously only in theory and in close-in recordings of earthquakes. We show examples from two recent events. For the large deep event on June 9, 1994 in Bolivia, there is a clear offset after the arrival of the P wave that has the amplitude expected for the near-field term. In the shallow September 2, 1992 Nicaragua earthquake, the very long-period motion observed between the P and S waves has roughly the amplitude expected from near-field terms. Such near-field terms are insensitive to earth structure, but supply information on long-period source processes, and their observation begins to close the gap between long-period seismology and geodesy. C1 UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95064. COLUMBIA UNIV,LAMONT DOHERTY GEOL OBSERV,PALISADES,NY 10964. RP VIDALE, JE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS977,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. RI Vidale, John/H-4965-2011 OI Vidale, John/0000-0002-3658-818X NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 1995 VL 22 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1029/94GL02893 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA QE788 UT WOS:A1995QE78800001 ER PT J AU PELLERIN, L HOHMANN, GW AF PELLERIN, L HOHMANN, GW TI A PARAMETRIC STUDY OF THE VERTICAL ELECTRIC SOURCE SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID A-LA-MASSE AB Measurement of the vertical magnetic field caused by a vertical electric source (VES) is an attractive exploration option because the measured response is caused by only 2-D and 3-D structures. The absence of a host response markedly increases the detectability of confined structures. In addition, the VES configuration offers advantages such as alleviating masking resulting from conductive overburden and the option of having a source functioning in a collapsed borehole. Applications of the VES, as in mineral exploration, seafloor exploration, and process monitoring such as enhanced oil recovery, are varied, but we limit this study to a classic mining problem-the location of a confined, conductive target at depth in the vicinity of a borehole. By analyzing the electromagnetic responses of a thin, vertical prism, a horizontal slab and an equidimensional body, we investigate the resolving capabilities, identify survey design problems, and provide interpretational insight for vertical magnetic field responses arising from a VES. Data acquisition problems, such as electrode contact within a borehole, are not addressed. Current channeling is the dominant mechanism by which a 2-D or 3-D target is excited. The response caused by currents induced in the target is relatively unimportant compared to that of channeled currents. At low frequencies, the in-phase response results from galvanic currents from the source electrodes channeled through the target. The quadrature response, at all frequencies, results from currents induced in the host and channeled through the target. At high frequencies, in-phase currents are also induced in the host and channeled through the target. Hence, the quadrature response and the high-frequency in-phase response are quite sensitive to the host resistivity. Time-domain magnetic field responses show the same behavior as the quadrature component. Interpretation of low-frequency vertical magnetic field measurements is straightforward for a source placed along strike of the target and a profile line traversing the target. The target is located under a sign reversal or null in the field for a flat-lying or vertical target. A dipping target has an asymmetrical response, with reduced amplitude on the downdip lobe. The target is located between the maximum lobe and the null. Although the vertical magnetic field caused by a VES for a 2-D or 3-D structure is purely anomalous, the host layering can affect signal strength by more than an order of magnitude. A general knowledge of the location of the target and host layering is helpful in maximizing signal strength. In practice boreholes are not vertical. An angled source can introduce a response because of the horizontal component that can overwhelm the VES response. For few-frequency, in-phase, or magnetometric resistivity (MMR) measurements made with a source angled at less than 30 degrees from the vertical, the host response caused by a horizontal electric source (HES) is negligible, and the free space response is easily computed and removed from the total response leaving a response that can be interpreted as that being caused by a VES. The high-frequency, in-phase response and the quadrature response at any frequency caused by a HES are strongly dependent on the host resistivity and dominate the scattered response. The measured response, therefore, must be interpreted using sophisticated techniques that take source geometry and host resistivity into account. C1 UNIV UTAH,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84112. RP PELLERIN, L (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR MS 964,POB 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 60 IS 1 BP 43 EP 52 DI 10.1190/1.1443761 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QE137 UT WOS:A1995QE13700003 ER PT J AU EATON, GS AF EATON, GS TI RESHAPING AMERICAS EARTH-SCIENCE CURRICULUM SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Editorial Material RP EATON, GS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,119 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD JAN PY 1995 VL 40 IS 1 BP 4 EP 4 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA QA303 UT WOS:A1995QA30300004 ER PT B AU Herr, AV Szemraj, JA Parks, L AF Herr, AV Szemraj, JA Parks, L GP AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING TI A joint effort to develop a national transportation data base SO GIS/LIS '95 - ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT GIS/LIS 95 Annual Conference and Exposition CY NOV 14-16, 1995 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP Amer Congress Surveying & Mapping, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, AM/FM Int, Assoc Amer Geographers, Urban & Reg Informat Syst Assoc, Amer Public Works Assoc C1 US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR 560,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LAND, SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 BN 1-57083-026-6 PY 1995 BP 428 EP 435 PG 8 WC Geography; Remote Sensing SC Geography; Remote Sensing GA BF91U UT WOS:A1995BF91U00050 ER PT B AU Watson, WD Tully, JK Moser, E Dee, DP Bryant, K Schall, R Allan, HA AF Watson, WD Tully, JK Moser, E Dee, DP Bryant, K Schall, R Allan, HA GP AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING TI Coal resources in environmentally-sensitive lands SO GIS/LIS '95 - ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT GIS/LIS 95 Annual Conference and Exposition CY NOV 14-16, 1995 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP Amer Congress Surveying & Mapping, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, AM/FM Int, Assoc Amer Geographers, Urban & Reg Informat Syst Assoc, Amer Public Works Assoc C1 US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR 956,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LAND, SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 BN 1-57083-026-6 PY 1995 BP 1016 EP 1025 PG 10 WC Geography; Remote Sensing SC Geography; Remote Sensing GA BF91U UT WOS:A1995BF91U00119 ER PT J AU ROBSON, SG AF ROBSON, SG TI PREPARATION OF SPECIFIC-YIELD LOGS FOR CLASTIC BEDROCK AQUIFERS SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article AB Specific yield is the principal aquifer characteristic needed to estimate the volume of recoverable ground water in storage in an aquifer. Determination of specific yield can be difficult and costly, particularly in deep, confined aquifers where core drilling and core analyses may be needed to define specific yield. A method has been developed for preparation of specific-yield geophysical logs that could greatly ease the determination of specific yields in such aquifers. Three geophysical logs that were investigated as potential indicators of specific yield were the free fluid index log, the effective-porosity log, and the apparent grain-density log. The free fluid index log did not accurately represent conditions at the test site in central Colorado and may not be suitable for application in other shallow and permeable aquifers. The effective-porosity and apparent grain-density logs were each used in least-squares linear regressions to correlate log response to specific yield measured in core samples. The resulting regression equations have coefficients of correlation (R) of 0.84 and 0.90, and were used to successfully prepare specific-yield logs from the effective-porosity and apparent grain-density logs. RP ROBSON, SG (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,MAIL STOP 215,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI COLUMBUS PA 2600 GROUND WATER WAY, COLUMBUS, OH 43219 SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 33 IS 1 BP 4 EP 10 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1995.tb00256.x PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA PZ575 UT WOS:A1995PZ57500001 ER PT B AU Winter, TC AF Winter, TC BE Charbeneau, RJ TI A landscape approach to identifying environments where ground water and surface water are closely interrelated SO GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Groundwater Management/1st International Conference on Water Resources Engineering CY AUG 14-16, 1995 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn Div C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,LAKEWOOD,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0107-1 PY 1995 BP 139 EP 144 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BE31E UT WOS:A1995BE31E00023 ER PT B AU Anderson, MT AF Anderson, MT BE Charbeneau, RJ TI Hydrologic budgets and hydrochemistry to determine ground-water and surface-water interactions for rapid creek, western south Dakota SO GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Groundwater Management/1st International Conference on Water Resources Engineering CY AUG 14-16, 1995 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn Div C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,TUCSON,AZ 85719. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0107-1 PY 1995 BP 145 EP 150 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BE31E UT WOS:A1995BE31E00024 ER PT B AU McMahon, PB Bohlke, JK AF McMahon, PB Bohlke, JK BE Charbeneau, RJ TI Effect of ground-water surface-water interactions on nitrate concentrations in discharge from the South Platte River alluvial aquifer, Colorado SO GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Groundwater Management/1st International Conference on Water Resources Engineering CY AUG 14-16, 1995 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn Div C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0107-1 PY 1995 BP 156 EP 158 PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BE31E UT WOS:A1995BE31E00026 ER PT B AU Leake, SA Lilly, MR AF Leake, SA Lilly, MR BE Charbeneau, RJ TI Simulation of interaction between ground water in an alluvial aquifer and surface water in a large braided river SO GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Groundwater Management/1st International Conference on Water Resources Engineering CY AUG 14-16, 1995 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn Div C1 US GEOL SURVEY,TUCSON,AZ 85719. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0107-1 PY 1995 BP 325 EP 330 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BE31E UT WOS:A1995BE31E00056 ER PT B AU Strobel, ML AF Strobel, ML BE Charbeneau, RJ TI Assessment of information on ground-water/surface-water interactions in the northern midcontinent SO GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Groundwater Management/1st International Conference on Water Resources Engineering CY AUG 14-16, 1995 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn Div C1 US GEOL SURVEY,GRAND FORKS,ND 58206. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0107-1 PY 1995 BP 331 EP 336 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BE31E UT WOS:A1995BE31E00057 ER PT B AU Steele, GV Cannia, JC AF Steele, GV Cannia, JC BE Charbeneau, RJ TI Geohydrology and water quality of the North Platte River alluvial aquifer, garden county, Western Nebraska SO GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Groundwater Management/1st International Conference on Water Resources Engineering CY AUG 14-16, 1995 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn Div C1 US GEOL SURVEY,LINCOLN,NE 68508. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0107-1 PY 1995 BP 379 EP 384 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BE31E UT WOS:A1995BE31E00065 ER PT B AU Kendall, C Krabbenhoft, DP AF Kendall, C Krabbenhoft, DP BE Charbeneau, RJ TI Applications of isotopes to tracing sources of solutes and water in shallow systems SO GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Groundwater Management/1st International Conference on Water Resources Engineering CY AUG 14-16, 1995 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn Div C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0107-1 PY 1995 BP 390 EP 395 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BE31E UT WOS:A1995BE31E00067 ER PT S AU Kolpin, DW Goolsby, DA AF Kolpin, DW Goolsby, DA BE Kovar, K Krasny, J TI A regional monitoring network to investigate the occurrence of agricultural chemicals in near-surface aquifers of the midcontinental USA SO GROUNDWATER QUALITY: REMEDIATION AND PROTECTION (GQ'95) SE IAHS PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Groundwater Quality - Remediation and Protection (GQ 95) CY MAY 15-18, 1995 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Commiss Groundwater, Charles Univ, Inst Hydrogeol Engn Geol & Appl Geophys, Fac Sci, Prague, UNESCO, Czech Minist Environm, Czech Minist Econ, Int Assooc Hydrogeologists, Int Ground Water Modeling Ctr, Natl Ground Water Assoc C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,IOWA CITY,IA 52244. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD, ENGLAND OX10 8BB SN 0144-7815 BN 0-947571-29-9 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 1995 IS 225 BP 13 EP 20 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BE80V UT WOS:A1995BE80V00002 ER PT J AU HOROWITZ, AJ ELRICK, KA ROBBINS, JA COOK, RB AF HOROWITZ, AJ ELRICK, KA ROBBINS, JA COOK, RB TI EFFECT OF MINING AND RELATED ACTIVITIES ON THE SEDIMENT TRACE-ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY OF LAKE COEUR-DALENE, IDAHO, USA .2. SUBSURFACE SEDIMENTS SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE LAKE SEDIMENTS; SEDIMENT TRACE ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY; MINING IMPACTS AB During the summer of 1990, 12 gravity cores were collected in Lake Coeur d'Alene, Idaho at various depths and in a variety of depositional environments. All core subsamples were analysed to determine the bulk sediment chemistry; selected subsamples were analysed for trace element partitioning and Cs-137 activity. The purpose of these analyses was to determine the trace element concentrations and distributions in the sediment column and to try to establish a trace element geochemical history of the lake in relation to mining and mining-related discharge operations in the area. Substantial portions of the near-surface sediments in Lake Coeur d'Alene are markedly enriched in Ag, As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Sb and Zn, and slightly enriched in Cu, Fe and Mn. Variations in the thickness of the trace element-rich sediments, which range from more than 119 cm to as little as 17 cm, indicate that the source of much of this material is the Coeur d'Alene River. An estimated 75 million tonnes of trace element-rich sediments have been deposited on or in the lake bed. Estimated trace element masses in excess of those considered representative of background conditions range from a high of 468 000 tonnes of Pb to a low of 260 tonnes of Hg. The similarity between the trace element-rich surface and subsurface sediments with respect to their location, their bulk chemistry, their interelement relations and their trace element partitioning indicate that the sources and/or concentrating mechanisms causing the trace element enrichment in the lake sediments have probably been the same through-out their depositional history. Based on a Mt St Helens' ash layer from the 1980 eruption, ages estimated from Cs-137 activity and the presence of 80 discernible and presumably annual layers in a core collected near the Coeur d'Alene River delta indicate that deposition rates for the trace element-rich sediments have ranges from 2.1 to 1.3 cm/year. These data also indicate that the deposition of trace element-rich sediments began, at least in the Coeur d'Alene River delta, some time between 1895 and 1910, dates consistent with the onset of mining and ore processing activities that began in the area in the 1880s. RP HOROWITZ, AJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,SUITE 130,3039 AMWILER RD,ATLANTA,GA 30360, USA. NR 0 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 9 IS 1 BP 35 EP 54 DI 10.1002/hyp.3360090105 PG 20 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA QL750 UT WOS:A1995QL75000004 ER PT J AU MARTIN, CM AF MARTIN, CM TI RECOVERING ENDANGERED SPECIES AND RESTORING ECOSYSTEMS - CONSERVATION PLANNING FOR THE 21ST-CENTURY IN THE UNITED-STATES SO IBIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT British-Ornithologists-Union Annual Conference CY APR 06-10, 1994 CL SHUTTLEWORTH COLL, BEDFORD, ENGLAND SP BRIT ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION, ROYAL SOC PROTECT BIRDS, UK JOINT NATURE CONSERVAT COMM, WILDFOWL & WETLANDS TRUST, BRIT TRUST ORNITHOL HO SHUTTLEWORTH COLL AB The Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended, is one of the most significant pieces of conservation legislation ever passed in the United States. The passage of this act spawned the creation of the Endangered Species Program of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). Under the Act, the USFWS has responsibility for implementing many provisions of the Act: listings, consultations, enforcement of prohibitions and recovery planning, Recovering threatened and endangered species, as well as other declining species yet. to be listed, is accomplished through many of the activities that occur under the auspices of the Act, not only through the formal recovery planning process. The Act is fundamentally an instrument for ecosystem conservation, although this aspect of the Act is often overlooked, Planning and implementing an ecosystem approach to conservation activities is a priority for the USFWS, not only for threatened and endangered species but for all wildlife, The recent emphasis on regional habitat conservation planning and the development of regional and multi-species recovery plans are indicative of the priority placed on sound ecosystem conservation planning. All of these processes are implemented with the participation of the potentially affected communities and state wildlife management agencies through a public review process. State conservation agencies are part of the process through a special grant programme. RP MARTIN, CM (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20240, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI TRING PA C/O NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM, SUB-DEPT ORNITHOLOGY, TRING, HERTS, ENGLAND HP23 6AP SN 0019-1019 J9 IBIS JI Ibis PD JAN PY 1995 VL 137 SU 1 BP S198 EP S203 DI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1995.tb08443.x PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA QG446 UT WOS:A1995QG44600026 ER PT J AU SCHNEIDER, I NAU, G KING, TVV AGGARWAL, I AF SCHNEIDER, I NAU, G KING, TVV AGGARWAL, I TI FIBEROPTIC NEAR-INFRARED REFLECTANCE SENSOR FOR DETECTION OF ORGANICS IN SOILS SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A near infrared fiber-optic chemical sensor system using reflectance spectroscopic measurements has been assembled. This system was evaluated and found attractive for remote detection of organics in soils over distances of at least 30 meters. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,RES FDN,GREENBELT,MD 20770. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. RP SCHNEIDER, I (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CODE 56032,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 5 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 7 IS 1 BP 87 EP 89 DI 10.1109/68.363367 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA QD673 UT WOS:A1995QD67300029 ER PT B AU Rebich, RA AF Rebich, RA BE Domenica, MF TI Trend analyses of sediment data for the DEC project SO INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES PLANNING FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual Conference of the ASCEs Water Resources Planning and Management Division - Integrated Water Resources Planning for the 21st-Century CY MAY 07-11, 1995 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Planning & Management Div, Boston Soc Civil Engineers, Amer Consulting Engineers, Council New England, New England Water Environm Assoc, New England Interstate Water Pollut Control Commiss, Massachusetts Assoc Land Surveyors & Civil Engineers, Massachusetts Municipal Engineers Assoc, Massachusetts Soc Profess Engineers, Soc Women Engineers, Boston Sect, Water Environm Federat, New England Water Works Assoc, Boston Water & Sewer Commiss, Massachusetts Water Resources Authority, Cambridge Water Dept, Massachusetts Port Authority, S Essex Sewerage District, Tufts Univ, Harvard Univ, Northeastern Univ, MIT, Boston Univ, Wentworth Inst Technol, Camp Dresser & McKee, CH2M Hill, Metcalf & Eddy, Parsons Brinckerhoff, Rizzo Associates, Stone & Webster, Whitman & Howard C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,JACKSON,MS 39269. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0081-4 PY 1995 BP 1077 EP 1080 PG 4 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BE54V UT WOS:A1995BE54V00269 ER PT B AU GREVE, CW AF GREVE, CW BE McKeown, DM Dowman, IJ TI Digital photogrammetry at the US Geological Survey SO INTEGRATING PHOTOGRAMMETRIC TECHNIQUES WITH SCENE ANALYSIS AND MACHINE VISION II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Integrating Photogrammetric Techniques with Scene Analysis and Machine Vision II CY APR 19-21, 1995 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE SOFTCOPY; DIGITAL ORTHOPHOTO QUADRANGLE (DOQ); VECTOR AND RASTER DATA; PHOTOGRAMMETRY; DIGITAL RASTER GRAPHICS; (DRG) C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DIV NATL MAPPING,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-1839-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1995 VL 2486 BP 136 EP 139 DI 10.1117/12.213113 PG 4 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BD83Q UT WOS:A1995BD83Q00013 ER PT J AU WILLARD, DA DIMICHELE, WA EGGERT, DL HOWER, JC REXROAD, CB SCOTT, AC AF WILLARD, DA DIMICHELE, WA EGGERT, DL HOWER, JC REXROAD, CB SCOTT, AC TI PALEOECOLOGY OF THE SPRINGFIELD COAL MEMBER (DESMOINESIAN, ILLINOIS BASIN) NEAR THE LESLIE CEMETERY PALEOCHANNEL, SOUTHWESTERN INDIANA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARBORESCENT LYCOPSIDS; SWAMP; LEPIDOSTROBUS; EURAMERICA; VEGETATION; LYCOSPORA; HISTORY; USA AB The Springfield Coal Member (Carbondale Group, Petersburg Formation of Indiana) is split locally in Warrick and Gibson Counties, Indiana, by clastic rocks of the Folsomville Member (Carbondale Group, Petersburg Formation) that represent the Leslie Cemetery paleochannel, part of a large, interconnected paleochannel system in the Springfield coal bed. This study incorporated analysis of miospore and megaspore assemblages, coal petrography, plant compression fossils and conodonts from the coal and clastic split to document changes in the swamp and its vegetation in response to the activity of the Leslie Cemetery paleochannel. Palynological and petrographic data indicate that environmental conditions and vegetation in the lower bench of coal near the Leslie Cemetery paleochannel were similar to those found in profiles through the coal bed at sites near the larger, more extensive Galatia paleochannel. Miospore floras of the high-vitrinite, lower bench of coal were dominated by tree-fern miospores, with those of lycopsids ranking second in abundance; megaspore assemblages were dominated by lycopsid megaspores. Near the contact between the lower bench of coal and clastic split, medullosan prepollen increases in abundance and fusain bands are more common, which may indicate the occurrence of fire, either within or outside the swamp. Vegetation in the Folsomville Member and upper bench of coal differ markedly from that of the lower bench of coal. Plant megafossils from the Folsomville Member indicate dominance by pteridosperms and/or lycopsids and Folsomville Member miospores assemblages are dominated by lycopsid miospores most typically found in mudstones, including Lycospora torquifer and higher than normal abundances of Granasporites medius. In the transition from clastic rocks of the Folsomville Member to the upper bench of coal, miospores of 'ecotonal' lycopsids (Paralycopodites) reach their peak abundance, pteridosperms dominate megafossil assemblages and inertinite levels are relatively high. At higher levels of the upper bench of coal, vitrinite levels are higher and miospore assemblages are dominated by lycopsid miospores typical of coal swamps (Lycospora granulata, L. pusilla). The presence of conodonts in coalballs in the upper bench of coal and spirorbid worms in the split indicate that the paleoswamp may have received some marine or brackish water influence. Higher than normal salinity levels may explain the vegetational changes observed in the upper bench of coal near the Leslie Cemetery paleochannel. C1 NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT PALEOBIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. INDIANA GEOL SURVEY,BLOOMINGTON,IN 47405. UNIV KENTUCKY,CTR APPL ENERGY RES,LEXINGTON,KY 40511. UNIV LONDON ROYAL HOLLOWAY & BEDFORD NEW COLL,DEPT GEOL,EGHAM TW20 0EX,SURREY,ENGLAND. RP WILLARD, DA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR,MS 970,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. RI Scott, Andrew/C-6661-2008; DiMichele, William/K-4301-2012 OI Scott, Andrew/0000-0002-1998-3508; NR 75 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 27 IS 1 BP 59 EP 98 DI 10.1016/0166-5162(94)00015-R PG 40 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA QH571 UT WOS:A1995QH57100004 ER PT B AU Tosta, N AF Tosta, N GP AKM CONGRESS SERV TI National spatial data infrastructure activities within the United States SO JOINT EUROPEAN CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION ON GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION - FROM RESEARCH TO APPLICATION THROUGH COOPERATION, PROCEEDINGS VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint European Conference and Exhibition on Geographical Information - From Research to Application Through Cooperation CY MAR 26-31, 1995 CL THE HAGUE, NETHERLANDS C1 US GEOL SURVEY,WASHINGTON,DC 20242. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKM MESSEN AG PI BASEL PA CLARASTR 57, 4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND BN 3-905084-36-8 PY 1995 BP B16 EP B19 PG 4 WC Geography SC Geography GA BE61M UT WOS:A1995BE61M00104 ER PT J AU AIKEN, G COTSARIS, E AF AIKEN, G COTSARIS, E TI SOIL AND HYDROLOGY - THEIR EFFECT ON NOM SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; AQUATIC HUMIC SUBSTANCES; FULVIC-ACIDS; STREAM; DYNAMICS; WATERS; MATTER AB Organic matter derived from different source materials has distinctive chemical characteristics associated with those materials. Interactions among organic matter and the minerals and inorganic constituents in soil can result in the removal and fractionation of organic matter, altering the composition and reactivity of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Hydrologic conditions define the flow path and control the rate of transport of DOC within the system. The nature, distribution, and reactivity of organic matter in a given system is determined, to a large extent, by the strength and nature of interactions among the various components of the environment. C1 STATE WATER LAB,DEPT ENGN & WATER SUPPLY,SALISBURY,SA 5108,AUSTRALIA. RP AIKEN, G (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,MARIN ST SCI CTR,3215 MARINE ST,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 24 TC 96 Z9 106 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSN PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 87 IS 1 BP 36 EP 45 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA QC350 UT WOS:A1995QC35000005 ER PT J AU Pollock, KH Bunck, CM Winterstein, SR Chen, CL AF Pollock, KH Bunck, CM Winterstein, SR Chen, CL TI A capture-recapture survival analysis model for radio-tagged animals SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED STATISTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT EURING 94 Conference CY SEP 19-24, 1994 CL PATUXENT RIVER, MD SP European Union Bird Ringing, Patuxent Environm Sci Ctr, Natl Biol Serv, Bird Banding Lab ID TELEMETRY; RATES AB In recent years, survival analysis of radio-tagged animals has developed using methods based on the Kaplan-Meier method used in medical and engineering applications (Pollock et al., 1989 a,b). An important assumption of this approach is that all tagged animals with a functioning radio can be relocated at each sampling time with probability 1. This assumption may not always be reasonable in practice. In this paper, we show how a general capture-recapture model can be derived which allows for some probability (less than one) for animals to be relocated This model is not simply a Jolly-Seber model because it is possible to relocate both dead and live animals, unlike when traditional tagging b used. The model can also be viewed as a generalization of the Kaplan-Meier procedure, thus linking the Jolly-Seber and Kaplan-Meier approaches to survival estimation. We present maximum likelihood estimators and discuss testing between submodels. We also discuss model assumptions and their validity in practice. An example is presented based on canvasback data collected by G. M Haramis of Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, Maryland, USA. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT STAT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,PATUXENT RIVER,MD. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,E LANSING,MI 48824. NR 20 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 13 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0266-4763 J9 J APPL STAT JI J. Appl. Stat. PY 1995 VL 22 IS 5-6 BP 661 EP 672 PG 12 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA TQ773 UT WOS:A1995TQ77300009 ER PT J AU Kendall, WL Nichols, JD AF Kendall, WL Nichols, JD TI On the use of secondary capture-recapture samples to estimate temporary emigration and breeding proportions SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED STATISTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT EURING 94 Conference CY SEP 19-24, 1994 CL PATUXENT RIVER, MD SP European Union Bird Ringing, Patuxent Environm Sci Ctr, Natl Biol Serv, Bird Banding Lab ID SURVIVAL RATES; PROBABILITIES AB The use of the Cormack-Jolly-Seber model under a standard sampling scheme of one sample per time period, when the Jolly-Seber assumption that all emigration is permanent does not hold, leads to the confounding of temporary emigration probabilities with capture probabilities. This biases the estimates of capture probability when temporary emigration is a completely random process, and both capture and survival probabilities when there is a temporary trap response in temporary emigration, or it is Markovian. The use of secondary capture samples over a shelter interval within each period, during which the population is assumed to be closed (Pollock's robust design), provides a second source of information on capture probabilities. This solves the confounding problem, and thus temporary emigration probabilities can be estimated. This process can be accomplished in an ad hoc fashion for completely random temporary emigration and to some extent in the temporary trap response case, but modelling the complete sampling process provides more flexibility and permits direct estimation of variances. For the case of Markovian temporary emigration, a full likelihood is required. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, OFF MIGRATORY BIRD MANAGEMENT, HENSHAW LAB, LAUREL, MD 20708 USA. NATL BIOL SERV, PATUXENT ENVIRONM SCI CTR, PATUXENT RIVER, MD USA. NR 26 TC 130 Z9 134 U1 4 U2 27 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-4763 EI 1360-0532 J9 J APPL STAT JI J. Appl. Stat. PY 1995 VL 22 IS 5-6 BP 751 EP 762 PG 12 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA TQ773 UT WOS:A1995TQ77300016 ER PT J AU Nichols, JD Kendall, WL AF Nichols, JD Kendall, WL TI The use of multi-state capture-recapture models to address questions in evolutionary ecology SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED STATISTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT EURING 94 Conference CY SEP 19-24, 1994 CL PATUXENT RIVER, MD SP European Union Bird Ringing, Patuxent Environm Sci Ctr, Natl Biol Serv, Bird Banding Lab ID GENE FLOW; SURVIVAL; POPULATIONS; RATES; AGE AB Multi-state capture-recapture models can be used to estimate survival rates in populations that are stratified by location or by state variables associated with individual animals. In populations stratified by location, movement probabilities can be estimated and used to test hypotheses relevant to population genetics and evolutionary ecology. When the interest is in state variables, these models permit estimation and testing of hypotheses about state-specific survival probabilities. If the state variable of interest is reproductive activity or success, then the multi-state modeling approach can be used to test hypotheses about life history trade-offs and a possible cost of reproduction. C1 NATL BIOL SURVEY, PATUXENT ENVIRONM SCI CTR, LAUREL, MD 20708 USA. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, OFF MIGRATORY BIRD MANAGEMENT, LAUREL, MD USA. NR 39 TC 150 Z9 152 U1 1 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-4763 EI 1360-0532 J9 J APPL STAT JI J. Appl. Stat. PY 1995 VL 22 IS 5-6 BP 835 EP 846 PG 12 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA TQ773 UT WOS:A1995TQ77300022 ER PT J AU ALAM, MK MAUGHAN, OE AF ALAM, MK MAUGHAN, OE TI ACUTE TOXICITY OF HEAVY-METALS TO COMMON CARP (CYPRINUS-CARPIO) SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING & TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE CONTROL LA English DT Article DE TOXICITY; HEAVY METALS; BIOAVAILABILITY; CYPRINUS CARPIO ID TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; RAINBOW-TROUT; 3 GENERATIONS; COPPER; MERCURY; ZINC; LEAD; ACID; EXPOSURES AB Acute toxicity tests for mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) were conducted on juvenile Cyprinus carpio. The 96 hr LC50 values for Hg, Pb, and Cu were 0.16, 0.44, and 0.30, respectively for smaller (3.5 cm) fish and 0.77, 0.80, and 1.0, respectively for larger (6.0 cm) fish. Replicate LC50 values for Fe, Ni, and Zn were somewhat variable, but generally increased as fish size increased. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP ALAM, MK (reprint author), FLORIDA GAME & FRESH WATER FISH COMMISS,3900 DRANE FIELD RD,LAKELAND,FL 33811, USA. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1077-1204 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Environ. Sci. Eng. Toxic Hazard. Subt. Control PY 1995 VL 30 IS 8 BP 1807 EP 1816 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RX036 UT WOS:A1995RX03600011 ER PT J AU LULL, KJ TINDALL, JA POTTS, DF AF LULL, KJ TINDALL, JA POTTS, DF TI ASSESSING NONPOINT-SOURCE POLLUTION RISK - A GIS APPLICATION SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article C1 MONTANA STATE UNIV, BOZEMAN, MT USA. RP LULL, KJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, DENVER FED CTR, BOX 25046, MS 413, DENVER, CO 80225 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 EI 1938-3746 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 93 IS 1 BP 35 EP 40 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA QA306 UT WOS:A1995QA30600013 ER PT J AU HOROWITZ, AJ ELRICK, KA ROBBINS, JA COOK, RB AF HOROWITZ, AJ ELRICK, KA ROBBINS, JA COOK, RB TI A SUMMARY OF THE EFFECTS OF MINING AND RELATED ACTIVITIES ON THE SEDIMENT TRACE-ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY OF LAKE COEUR-DALENE, IDAHO, USA SO JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Heavy Metals in the Environment CY SEP 12-17, 1993 CL TORONTO, CANADA AB During 1989 and 1990 a series of 12 gravity cores, and 150 surface grab samples were collected in Lake Coeur d' Alene, Idaho to determine trace element concentrations, partitioning and surface and subsurface distribution patterns in the bed sediments of the lake. In addition, selected subsamples from one core were analyzed for Cs-137 activity to begin to establish a trace element geochemical history for the lake. The intent was to try and relate the trace element concentrations and distributions in the sediment column to past and present mining and mining related activities in the area. Substantial portions of the surface and near-surface sediments in Lake Coeur d'Alene are markedly enriched in Ag, As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Sb and Zn, and somewhat enriched in Cu, Fe and Mn. Surface distribution patterns, as well as variations in the thickness of the trace element-rich subsurface sediments, indicate that the source of much of this enriched material is the Coeur d'Alene River. The similarity between the trace element-rich surface and subsurface sediments with respect to: their location, their bulk chemistry, and their trace element partitioning indicate that the sources and/or concentrating mechanisms causing the trace element enrichment in the lake sediments probably have been the same throughout their depositional history. An estimated 75 million metric tons of trace element-rich sediments have been deposited on or in the lakebed. Based on a Mt. St. Helens' ash layer from the 1980 eruption, ages estimated from Cs-137 activity, and the presence of 80 discernible and presumably annual layers in a core collected near the Coeur d'Alene River delta, indicate that the deposition of trace element-rich sediments began, at least in the Coeur d'Alene River delta, some time between 1895 and 1910, dates consistent with the onset of mining and ore-processing activities that began in the area in the 1880's. C1 NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,ANN ARBOR,MI 48103. AUBURN UNIV,DEPT GEOL,AUBURN,AL 36849. RP HOROWITZ, AJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,SUITE 130,3039 AMWILER RD,ATLANTA,GA 30360, USA. NR 21 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-6742 J9 J GEOCHEM EXPLOR JI J. Geochem. Explor. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 52 IS 1-2 BP 135 EP 144 DI 10.1016/0375-6742(94)00041-9 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QP966 UT WOS:A1995QP96600013 ER PT J AU HAYBA, DO BETHKE, CM AF HAYBA, DO BETHKE, CM TI TIMING AND VELOCITY OF PETROLEUM MIGRATION IN THE LOS-ANGELES BASIN SO JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CANADA SEDIMENTARY BASIN; SUBSURFACE; MODEL; FLOW; OIL AB Petroleum in the Los Angeles Basin took a relatively short time to migrate through carrier beds from the deep basin to present-day reservoirs. We use a numerical model to reconstruct, beginning in Miocene time, subsidence, sedimentation, compaction, thermal evolution, and fluid migration in the basin's central block. The modeling indicates that the heat flow is currently near the continental average (1.5 HFU) but was higher (similar to 2 HFU) during the early evolution of the basin. The thermal history predicted by the model suggests deeply subsided source rocks of late Miocene age began to generate oil about 2.2 Ma. In the simulations, compaction slowly drives groundwater from mature source beds toward reservoir rocks. These slow rates combined with the low solubility of petroleum in water preclude the possibility that oil migrated by a miscible process; instead, the oil must have moved as a phase separate from the groundwater. The buoyant force acting on the oil phase along the steeply dipping carrier beds was as much as an order of magnitude greater than the hydrodynamic force acting on both oil and water. This difference, along with the assumption that capillary forces segregated oil into the most porous and permeable laminae of the carrier beds, leads us to estimate conservatively that the oil migrated through the carrier beds at velocities 6 to >100 times faster than water. According to our calculations, oil traversed the approximately 13 km from source beds to the West Coyote oil field in about 60,000 to 120,000 years, whereas groundwater required between 1.4 and 1.9 m.y. We calculated that oil had to saturate only a small portion of the carrier bed (similar to 0.1%) to account for the amount of petroleum reaching the field. RP HAYBA, DO (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,959 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1376 J9 J GEOL JI J. Geol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 103 IS 1 BP 33 EP 49 PG 17 WC Geology SC Geology GA QC154 UT WOS:A1995QC15400003 ER PT J AU LANGEL, RA BALDWIN, RT GREEN, AW AF LANGEL, RA BALDWIN, RT GREEN, AW TI TOWARD AN IMPROVED DISTRIBUTION OF MAGNETIC OBSERVATORIES FOR MODELING OF THE MAIN GEOMAGNETIC-FIELD AND ITS TEMPORAL CHANGE SO JOURNAL OF GEOMAGNETISM AND GEOELECTRICITY LA English DT Article ID MAGSAT DATA; UNCERTAINTY AB The magnetic field from Earth's core (the main field) is a global phenomena with measurable temporal variations with periods ranging from one year to millennia. Geomagnetic studies are thus heavily dependent on the availability of data well distributed over the globe and acquired over long periods of time. Satellite data provide the best geographic coverage, but are unlikely to be available except possibly at intervals of 10 to 30 years. Accurate mapping of the main field over long periods of time is mostly dependent upon a network of geomagnetic observatories, each of which contributes continuous, three-component, data of high accuracy. The overall accuracy of knowledge of the main field depends both upon the adequacy of the geographic distribution of those observatories and on the existence of periodic surveys by satellite. Analysis of models based on the existing observatory distribution reveals large geographic regions in which their accuracy is degraded such that studies of the field, its source dynamo, etc. are seriously limited. Model accuracy is studied for three distributions of 92, 162, and 252 equally spaced observatory sites and for degradation of those distributions by a large area with no data. The 92-site distribution is the most economically realistic. Expansion of the existing network so that a subset of observatories approximates this 92-site distribution can be accomplished by a phased program of collocating magnetometers at 20 sites already established, or now planned, for other geophysical networks such as FLINN, GEOSCOPE, IDA, and IRIS, at 10 additional land or island sites, and at 8 sea bottom sites. Specific locations for these sites are proposed. While not meeting all of the needs for study of current problems in geomagnetism, if implemented, this extension of the current observatory network would form a firm foundation for most such studies. Such implementation will only be accomplished if the burden for doing so is partially shouldered by most or all of the national agencies and organizations representing data users and if such users unit in expressing their own need. C1 HUGHES STX CORP,LANHAM,MD 20706. US GEOL SURVEY,GOLDEN,CO 80401. RP LANGEL, RA (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GEODYNAM BRANCH,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 302 JIYUGAOKA-KOMATSU BLDG 24-17 MIDORIGAOKA 2-CHOME, TOKYO TOKYO 152, JAPAN SN 0022-1392 J9 J GEOMAGN GEOELECTR JI J. Geomagn. Geoelectr. PY 1995 VL 47 IS 5 BP 475 EP 508 PG 34 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA RM108 UT WOS:A1995RM10800004 ER PT J AU ARORA, BR CAMPBELL, WH SCHIFFMACHER, ER AF ARORA, BR CAMPBELL, WH SCHIFFMACHER, ER TI UPPER-MANTLE ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY IN THE HIMALAYAN REGION SO JOURNAL OF GEOMAGNETISM AND GEOELECTRICITY LA English DT Article ID VELOCITY STRUCTURE; NORTH-AMERICA; EARTH; INDUCTION; HYDROGEN; OLIVINE; INDIA; WATER; ANOMALIES; MINERALS AB The electrical conductivity profile of the Earth at depths of about 50 to 500 km was determined using the quiet ionospheric current variations observed at a line of stations near 75 degrees East longitude. We found conductivity values of about 0.06 Sim from 50 to approximately 350 km depth with slight relative maxima near 125 and 275 km, interpersed by relative minima near 210 and 330 km. Thereafter, the conductivity increased sharply toward a value of about 0.18 Sim at 500 km with no indication of leveling off. A comparison with regional seismic wave-velocity models shows good correspondence between high conductivity and low-velocity zones. The conduction by hydrogen-saturated pyroxene is envisaged as a possible mechanism for the high conductivity and its variation in the upper mantle. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. RP ARORA, BR (reprint author), INDIAN INST GEOMAGNETISM,BOMBAY 400005,MAHARASHTRA,INDIA. NR 54 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 302 JIYUGAOKA-KOMATSU BLDG 24-17 MIDORIGAOKA 2-CHOME, TOKYO TOKYO 152, JAPAN SN 0022-1392 J9 J GEOMAGN GEOELECTR JI J. Geomagn. Geoelectr. PY 1995 VL 47 IS 7 BP 653 EP 665 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA RZ107 UT WOS:A1995RZ10700006 ER PT J AU Baransky, LN Green, AW Fedorov, EN Kurneva, NA Pilipenko, VA Worthington, EW AF Baransky, LN Green, AW Fedorov, EN Kurneva, NA Pilipenko, VA Worthington, EW TI Gradient and polarization methods of ground-based monitoring of magnetospheric plasma SO JOURNAL OF GEOMAGNETISM AND GEOELECTRICITY LA English DT Article ID FIELD LINE RESONANCES; ULF PULSATION EVIDENCE; PC 4 PULSATIONS; GEOMAGNETIC-PULSATIONS; MERIDIONAL STRUCTURE; ALFVEN OSCILLATIONS; PC3-4 PULSATIONS; LOW LATITUDES; IONOSPHERE; WAVES AB The methods of an unambiguous determination of thr: parameters of the magnetospheric resonator (resonance frequency, its meridional gradient, and width of the resonance) by studying the spatial structure of ULF waves, in the Pc3-4 frequency range, are summarized and reviewed. The methods considered are the gradient technique (synchronous measurements of ULF field at two nearby stations) and the polarization method (multicomponent observations at one station). Both methods are experimentally tested using the data from an experiment at low latitude (L congruent to 1.5). Taking into account modifications of the structure of the ULF magnetic field due to geoelectric inhomogeneities, both methods demonstrate consistent results and are in a qualitative agreement with theoretical predictions. These methods should provide a useful tool for monitoring resonant frequencies and the distribution of plasma in the magnetosphere. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. RP Baransky, LN (reprint author), MOSCOW PHYS EARTH INST,MOSCOW 123810,RUSSIA. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 302 JIYUGAOKA-KOMATSU BLDG 24-17 MIDORIGAOKA 2-CHOME, TOKYO TOKYO 152, JAPAN SN 0022-1392 J9 J GEOMAGN GEOELECTR JI J. Geomagn. Geoelectr. PY 1995 VL 47 IS 12 BP 1293 EP 1309 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA UE882 UT WOS:A1995UE88200004 ER PT J AU WALDER, JS DRIEDGER, CL AF WALDER, JS DRIEDGER, CL TI FREQUENT OUTBURST FLOODS FROM SOUTH TAHOMA GLACIER, MOUNT-RAINIER, USA - RELATION TO DEBRIS FLOWS, METEOROLOGICAL ORIGIN AND IMPLICATIONS FOR SUBGLACIAL HYDROLOGY SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATER AB Destructive debris flows occur frequently at glacierized Mount Rainier volcano, Washington, U.S.A. Twenty-three such flows have occurred in the Tahoma Creek valley since 1967. Hydrologic and geomorphic evidence indicate that all or nearly all of these flows began as outburst floods from South Tahoma Glacier. Flood waters are stored subglacially. The volume of stored water discharged during a typical outburst flood would form a layer several centimeters thick over the bed of the entire glacier, although it is more likely that large linked cavities account for most of the storage. Statistical analysis shows that outburst floods usually occur during periods of atypically hot or rainy weather in summer or early autumn, and that the probability of an outburst increases with temperature (a proxy measure of ablation rate) or rainfall rate. We suggest that outburst floods are triggered by rapid water input to the glacier bed, causing water-pressure transients that destabilize the liked-cavity system. The correlation between outburst floods and meteorological factors casts doubt on an earlier hypothesis that melting around geothermal vents triggers outburst floods from South Tahoma Glacier. RP WALDER, JS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,CASCADES VOLCANO OBSERV,5400 MACARTHUR BLVD,VANCOUVER,WA 98661, USA. NR 24 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 4 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB2 1ER SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 1995 VL 41 IS 137 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA QR912 UT WOS:A1995QR91200001 ER PT J AU NOLAN, M MOTKYA, RJ ECHELMEYER, K TRABANT, DC AF NOLAN, M MOTKYA, RJ ECHELMEYER, K TRABANT, DC TI ICE-THICKNESS MEASUREMENTS OF TAKU GLACIER, ALASKA, USA, AND THEIR RELEVANCE TO ITS RECENT BEHAVIOR SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STREAM-B AB Using radio-echo soundings and seismic reflections; we measured cross-sections of Taku Glacier, near Juneau, Alaska, to resolve inconsistencies in previous measurements and to understand better the glacier's dynamics. The maximum thickness is about 1477 m and the minimum bed elevation is about 600 m below sea level, which establishes Taku Glacier as the thickest and deepest temperate glacier yet measured. Our data indicate that, during the 19th century, the terminus of Taku Glacier may have begun its rapid advance at a position where the ice bed was greater than 300 m below sea level and more than 25 km from the inland end of its submarine trough; this behavior is uncharacteristic of temperate tide-water glaciers. The glacier, which no longer calves, has eroded a sediment layer 100 m thick since 1890 at an average rate of about 3 m a(-1) since 1948; this high erosion rate retards advance by entrenching the glacier into the terminal moraine. Calculations based on ice-deformation theory indicate significant basal ice motion near the terminus and high basal shear stress (140-220 kPa) along much of its length. Estimated differences between ice flux and balance flux are consistent with observed thickening and positive net mass balance; these data indicate that ice volume is increasing and that further advance is likely. C1 DIV GEOL & GEOPHYS SURVEYS,DEPT NAT RESOURCES,FAIRBANKS,AK 99709. US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,FAIRBANKS,AK 99708. RP NOLAN, M (reprint author), UNIV ALASKA,INST GEOPHYS,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775, USA. NR 28 TC 41 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB2 1ER SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 1995 VL 41 IS 139 BP 541 EP 553 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA TG871 UT WOS:A1995TG87100011 ER PT J AU Holey, ME Rybicki, RW Eck, GW Brown, EH Marsden, JE Lavis, DS Toneys, ML Trudeau, TN Horrall, RM AF Holey, ME Rybicki, RW Eck, GW Brown, EH Marsden, JE Lavis, DS Toneys, ML Trudeau, TN Horrall, RM TI Progress toward lake trout restoration in Lake Michigan SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 International Conference on Restoration of Lake Trout in the Laurentian Great Lakes (RESTORE) CY JAN 10-14, 1994 CL ANN ARBOR, MI SP Great Lake Fishery Commiss, Board Tech Experts DE lake trout; Lake Michigan; fish populations; restoration; sea lamprey ID LAMPREY PETROMYZON-MARINUS; UPPER GREAT-LAKES; SEA LAMPREY; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; SURVIVAL; POPULATIONS; PREDATION; ATTACK AB Progress toward lake trout restoration in Lake Michigan is described through 1993. Extinction of the native lake trout fishery by sea lamprey predation, augmented by exploitation and habitat destruction, resulted in an extensive stocking program of hatchery reared lake trout that began in 1965. Sea lamprey abundance was effectively controlled using selective chemical toxicants. The initial stocking produced a measurable wild year class of lake trout by 1976 in Grand Traverse Bay, but failed to continue probably due to excessive exploitation. The overall lack of successful reproduction lakewide by the late 1970s led to the development and implementation in 1985 of a focused interagency lakewide restoration plan by a technical committee created through the Lake Committee structure of the Great Lakes Fishery Commission. Strategies implemented in 1985 by the plan. included setting a 40% total mortality goal lakewide, creating two large refuges designed to encompass historically the most productive spawning habitat and protect trout stocked over their home range, evaluating several lake trout strains, and setting stocking priorities throughout the lake. Target levels for stocking in the 1985 Plan have never been reached, and are much less than the estimated lakewide recruitment of yearlings by the native lake trout stocks. Since 1985, over 90% of the available lake trout have been stocked over the best spawning habitat and colonization of the historically productive offshore reefs has occurred. Concentrations of spawning lake trout large enough for successful reproduction, based on observations of successful hatchery and wild stocks, have developed at specific reefs. Continued lack of recruitment at these specific sites suggests that something other than stock abundance has limited success. Poor survival of lake trout eggs, assumed to be related to contaminant burden, occurred in the late 1970s and early 1980s, but survival has since increased to equal survival in the hatchery. A recent increase in lamprey wounding rates in northern Lake Michigan appears to be related to the uncontrolled build-up of lampreys in the St. Marys River a tributary of Lake Huron. If left uncontrolled, further progress toward restoration in the Northern Refuge may be limited. C1 MICHIGAN DEPT NAT RESOURCES,DIV FISHERIES,CHARLEVOIX,MI 49720. NATL BIOL SERV,GREAT LAKES SCI CTR,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105. ILLINOIS NAT HIST SURVEY,LAKE MICHIGAN BIOL STN,ZION,IL 60099. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,LUDINGTON BIOL STN,LUDINGTON,MI 49431. WISCONSIN DEPT NAT RESOURCES,STURGEON BAY,WI 54235. ILLINOIS DEPT CONSERVAT,LAKE MICHIGAN PROGRAM,DES PLAINES,IL 60016. UNIV WISCONSIN,MARINE STUDIES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706. RP Holey, ME (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,GREEN BAY FISHERY RESOURCES OFF,1015 CHALLENGER COURT,GREEN BAY,WI 54311, USA. NR 80 TC 87 Z9 89 U1 2 U2 14 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1995 VL 21 SU 1 BP 128 EP 151 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA UL894 UT WOS:A1995UL89400010 ER PT J AU Hansen, MJ Peck, JW Schorfhaar, RG Selgeby, JH Schreiner, DR Schram, ST Swanson, BL MacCallum, WR BurnhamCurtis, MK Curtis, GL Heinrich, JW Young, RJ AF Hansen, MJ Peck, JW Schorfhaar, RG Selgeby, JH Schreiner, DR Schram, ST Swanson, BL MacCallum, WR BurnhamCurtis, MK Curtis, GL Heinrich, JW Young, RJ TI Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) populations in Lake Superior and their restoration in 1959-1993 SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 International Conference on Restoration of Lake Trout in the Laurentian Great Lakes (RESTORE) CY JAN 10-14, 1994 CL ANN ARBOR, MI SP Great Lake Fishery Commiss, Board Tech Experts DE lake trout; Lake Superior; fish populations; fish management; sea lamprey ID LAMPREY PETROMYZON-MARINUS; GREAT-LAKES; MICHIGAN; STOCKS; INTRODUCTIONS; PREDATION; RECOVERY; DYNAMICS; FISHES; WATERS AB Naturally-reproducing populations of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) have been re-established in most of Lake Superior, but have not been restored to 1929-1943 average abundance. Progress reward lake trout restoration in Lake Superior is described, management actions are reviewed, and the effectiveness of those actions is evaluated; especially stocking lake trout as a tool for building spawning stocks, and subsequently, populations of wild recruits. Widespread destruction of lake trout stocks in the 1950s due to an intense fishery and sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) predation resulted in lower overall phenotypic diversity than was previously present. Stocking of yearling lake trout, begun in the 1950s, produced high densities of spawners that reproduced wherever inshore spawning habitat was widespread. Sea lampreys were greatly reduced beginning in 1961, using selective chemical toxicants and barrier dams, but continue to exert substantial mortality. Fishery regulation was least effective in Wisconsin, where excessive gillnet effort caused high by catch of lake trout until 1991, and in eastern Michigan, where lake trout restoration was deferred in favor of a tribal fishery for lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) in 1985. Restoration of stocks was quicker in offshore areas where remnant wild lake trout survived and fishing intensity was low, and was slower in inshore areas where stocked lake trout reproduced successfully and fishing intensity was high. Inshore stocks of wild lake trout are currently about 61% of historic abundance in Michigan and 53% in Wisconsin. Direct comparison of modern and historic abundances of inshore lake trout stocks in Minnesota and Ontario is impossible due to lack of historic stock assessment data. Stocks in Minnesota are less abundant at present than in Michigan or Wisconsin, and stocks in Ontario are similar to those in Michigan. Further progress in stock recovery can only be achieved if sea lampreys are depressed and if fisheries are constrained further than at present. C1 MICHIGAN DEPT NAT RESOURCES,MARQUETTE,MI 49855. NATL BIOL SERV,LAKE SUPER BIOL STN,ASHLAND,WI 54806. MINNESOTA DEPT NAT RESOURCES,DULUTH,MN 55804. WISCONSIN DEPT NAT RESOURCES,BAYFIELD,WI 54814. ONTARIO MINIST NAT RESOURCES,THUNDER BAY,ON P7C 5G6,CANADA. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,MARQUETTE BIOL STN,MARQUETTE,MI 49855. FISHERIES & OCEANS CANADA,SEA LAMPREY CONTROL CTR,SAULT ST MARIE,ON P6A 6W4,CANADA. RP Hansen, MJ (reprint author), NATL BIOL SERV,GREAT LAKES SCI CTR,1451 GREEN RD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA. NR 128 TC 116 Z9 119 U1 6 U2 35 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1995 VL 21 SU 1 BP 152 EP 175 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA UL894 UT WOS:A1995UL89400011 ER PT J AU VERBRUGGE, DA GIESY, JP MORA, MA WILLIAMS, LL ROSSMANN, R MOLL, RA TUCHMAN, M AF VERBRUGGE, DA GIESY, JP MORA, MA WILLIAMS, LL ROSSMANN, R MOLL, RA TUCHMAN, M TI CONCENTRATIONS OF DISSOLVED AND PARTICULATE POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS IN WATER FROM THE SAGINAW RIVER, MICHIGAN SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE LOADING; WATER QUALIFY; PCB; SAGINAW RIVER ID 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN EQUIVALENTS; SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS; CONTAMINANTS; LAKE AB The Saginaw River receives water from a major drainage basin in the east-central portion. of the lower peninsula of Michigan. Historically the river has been contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from several sources. The present study was conducted to determine the concentrations of PCBs in both the dissolved and particulate phases of water in the lower Saginaw River, as well as the relative contribution of PCBs from the lower portion of the river relative to more upstream locations. Water samples were collected in 1990-1991, during a range of discharge conditions. Suspended particulates were collected from water onto glass-fiber filters by use of a ''Penta-plate'' filtration apparatus. Filtered water was subsequently passed through XAD-2 macroreticular resin to collect the ''dissolved'' PCBs. Concentrations of PCBs in both phases were determined by congener specific gas chromatography with electron capture detection. Total concentrations of PCBs ranged from 11 to 31 ng/L. The concentrations of PCBs in the dissolved phase ranged from 1.9 to 16 ng/L. The ratio of total PCBs bound to suspended particulates, relative to dissolved PCBs, was 2:1 and remained fairly constant for discharges less than approximately 400 M(3)/sec. The loading of total PCBs to Saginaw Bay was estimated to be 225 kg/yr, of which approximately 60% was found to be contributed by the lower 8 km of the Saginaw River. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,INST ENVIRONM TOXICOL,E LANSING,MI 48824. TEXAS A&M UNIV,NATL BIOL SERV,SO SCI CTR,BRAZOS FIELD STN,DEPT WILDLIFE & FISHERIES SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,E LANSING,MI 48823. US EPA,LARGE LAKES RES STN,GROSSE ILE,MI 48138. UNIV MICHIGAN,COOPERAT INST LIMNOL & ECOSYST RES,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. US EPA,GREAT LAKES NATL PROGRAM OFF,CHICAGO,IL 60604. RP VERBRUGGE, DA (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,PESTICIDE RES CTR,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA. RI Mora, Miguel/B-1344-2009 NR 23 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA UNIV MICHIGAN, 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1995 VL 21 IS 2 BP 219 EP 233 DI 10.1016/S0380-1330(95)71033-4 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA RE179 UT WOS:A1995RE17900006 ER PT J AU VELLEUX, M ENDICOTT, D STEUER, J JAEGER, S PATTERSON, D AF VELLEUX, M ENDICOTT, D STEUER, J JAEGER, S PATTERSON, D TI LONG-TERM SIMULATION OF PCB EXPORT FROM THE FOX-RIVER TO GREEN-BAY SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; IN-PLACE POLLUTANTS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; FOX RIVER; GREEN BAY; PCBS ID SORPTIVE TOXIC-SUBSTANCES; FRESH-WATER SYSTEMS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; TRANSPORT; MODELS AB A mass balance approach was used to model long-term PCB transport in the Fox River (Wisconsin) from Lake Winnebago to Green Bay. The objectives of this research were to (1) extend the modeling approach for the Fox River to permit realistic long-term simulations of contaminant transport and fate, (2) forecast long-term PCB export from the Fox River to Green Bay, and (3) develop a rational approach for evaluating sediment remediation alternatives. Field data collected as part of the Green Bay Mass Balance Study during 1988-90 and additional data collected by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and the U.S. Geological Survey during 1992-93 were used to develop the model. A 10-year hindcast was conducted to confirm long-term model predictions. A series of 25-year forecasts were then. conducted to explore the potential effects of hydrograph structure, extremely high flows, and sediment remediation on long-term PCB export from the Fox River to Green Bay. PCB export from the Fox River is forecast to decrease, and most (75%) of the PCB reservoir in Fox River sediment is expected to remain in place. However, extremely high flows in future years are forecast to cause significant PCB resuspension and export. Model forecasts suggest that long-term PCB export is only mildly sensitive to changes in hydrograph structure. Sediment remediation is forecast to reduce but not eliminate PCB export. C1 ASCI CORP,LARGE LAKES RES STN,GROSSE ILE,MI 48138. US EPA,LARGE LAKES RES STN,GROSSE ILE,MI 48138. US GEOL SURVEY,MADISON,WI 53719. RP VELLEUX, M (reprint author), WISCONSIN DEPT NAT RESOURCES,BUR WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT,POB 7921,MADISON,WI 53707, USA. NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA UNIV MICHIGAN, 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1995 VL 21 IS 3 BP 359 EP 372 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA RY629 UT WOS:A1995RY62900010 ER PT J AU Selgeby, JH Bronte, CR Brown, EH Hansen, MJ Holey, ME VanAmberg, JP Muth, KM Makauskas, DB McKee, P Anderson, DM Ferreri, CP Schram, ST AF Selgeby, JH Bronte, CR Brown, EH Hansen, MJ Holey, ME VanAmberg, JP Muth, KM Makauskas, DB McKee, P Anderson, DM Ferreri, CP Schram, ST TI Lake trout restoration in the Great Lakes: Stock-size criteria for natural reproduction SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 International Conference on Restoration of Lake Trout in the Laurentian Great Lakes (RESTORE) CY JAN 10-14, 1994 CL ANN ARBOR, MI SP Great Lake Fishery Commiss, Board Tech Experts DE lake trout; fish stocking; reproduction; recruitment; Great Lakes AB We examined the question of whether the lake trout restoration program in the Great Lakes has developed brood stocks of adequate size to sustain natural reproduction. Stock size criteria were developed from areas of the Great Lakes where natural reproduction has been successful (defined as detection of age-1 or older recruits by assessment fishing). We contrasted them with stocks in areas with no natural reproduction. Based on the relative abundance of spawners measured in the fall and the presence or absence of natural reproduction in 24 areas of the Great Lakes, we found three distinct sets of lake trout populations. In seven areas of successful natural reproduction, the catch-per-unit-effort (CPE) of spawners ranged from 17 to 135 fish/305 m of gillnet. Stock sizes in these areas were used as a gauge against which stocks in other areas were contrasted. We conclude that stock densities of 17-135 fish/305 m of gill net are adequate for natural reproduction, provided that all other requirements are met. No natural reproduction has been detected in seven other areas, where CPEs of spawners ranged from only 3 to 5 fish/305 m. We conclude that spawning stocks of only 3-5 fish/305 m of net are inadequate to develop measurable natural reproduction. Natural reproduction has also not been detected in ten areas where CPEs of spawners ranged from 43 to 195 fish/305 m of net. We conclude that spawning stocks in these ten areas were adequate to sustain natural reproduction, but that some factor other than parental stock size prevented recruitment of wild lake trout. C1 NATL BIOL SERV,GREAT LAKES SCI CTR,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,GREEN BAY FISHERY RESOURCES OFF,GREEN BAY,WI 54311. MICHIGAN DEPT NAT RESOURCES,ALPENA FISHERIES RES STN,ALPENA,MI 49707. NATL BIOL SERV,GREAT LAKES SCI CTR,LAKE ERIE BIOL STN,SANDUSKY,OH 44870. ILLINOIS DEPT CONSERVAT,DES PLAINES,IL 60016. WISCONSIN DEPT NAT RESOURCES,STURGEON BAY,WI 54235. ONTARIO MINIST NAT RESOURCES,OWEN SOUND,ON N4K 3E4,CANADA. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,E LANSING,MI 48824. WISCONSIN DEPT NAT RESOURCES,LAKE SUPERIOR OFF,BAYFIELD,WI 54814. RP Selgeby, JH (reprint author), NATL BIOL SERV,GREAT LAKES SCI CTR,LAKE SUPERIOR BIOL STN,2800 LAKE SHORE DR E,ASHLAND,WI 54806, USA. NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1995 VL 21 SU 1 BP 498 EP 504 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA UL894 UT WOS:A1995UL89400044 ER PT J AU Zint, MT Taylor, WW Carl, L Edsall, CC Heinrich, J Sippel, A Lavis, D Schaner, T AF Zint, MT Taylor, WW Carl, L Edsall, CC Heinrich, J Sippel, A Lavis, D Schaner, T TI Do toxic substances pose a threat to rehabilitation of lake trout in the Great Lakes? A review of the literature SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 International Conference on Restoration of Lake Trout in the Laurentian Great Lakes (RESTORE) CY JAN 10-14, 1994 CL ANN ARBOR, MI SP Great Lake Fishery Commiss, Board Tech Experts DE Great Lakes; lake trout; contaminants; toxic substances; rehabilitation ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; FISH-EATING BIRDS; EARLY LIFE STAGES; PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM; INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN TCDD; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICANTS; FOOD-CHAIN; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL AB Toxic substances have been suspected of being one of the causes of Great Lakes lake trout reproductive failure. Because toxic substances are present in the Great Lakes basin, managers should be aware of the role of contaminants in preventing lake trout rehabilitation. This paper summarizes studies which have sought to establish a relation between toxic substances and lake trout mortality or morbidity, and offers recommendations for future research and management. The review suggests that exposure to toxic substances has the possibility of affecting the species' rehabilitation. A variety of toxic substances, specifically organochlorine compounds, concentrated in lake trout eggs, fry, and the environment, have affected the hatching success of lake trout in the laboratory, but the strength of the relation between toxic substances and lake trout mortality and morbidity in the field remains unclear. In order to clarify this relation, more information is needed on lake trout physiology, biochemistry, behavior, and genetics. An interdisciplinary workshop should be convened to evaluate existing evidence by epidemiological methods, to set priorities for further research, and to develop management strategies. C1 ONTARIO MINIST NAT RESOURCES,AQUAT ECOSYST RES STN,MAPLE,ON L6A 1S9,CANADA. NATL BIOL SERV,GREAT LAKES SCI CTR,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,MARQUETTE,MI 49855. ONTARIO MINIST NAT RESOURCES,FISH CULTURE SECT,SAULT ST MARIE,ON P6A 6V5,CANADA. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,LUDINGTON BIOL STN,LUDINGTON,MI 49431. ONTARIO MINIST NAT RESOURCES,LAKE ONTARIO MANAGEMENT UNIT,PICTON,ON K0K 2T0,CANADA. RP Zint, MT (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA. NR 132 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1995 VL 21 SU 1 BP 530 EP 546 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA UL894 UT WOS:A1995UL89400047 ER PT J AU HOTCHKISS, RH MCCALLUM, BE AF HOTCHKISS, RH MCCALLUM, BE TI PEAK DISCHARGE FOR SMALL AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB Accurate peak discharge estimates are important when sizing highway culverts to prevent possible flood damages and to ensure economic design. The purpose of the undertaken study was to find the most acceptable peak-discharge-estimation method for use on small agricultural watersheds in Nebraska. An analysis of time of concentration t(c) methods was undertaken because of this parameter's importance in many peak-flow methods. Seven t(c) equations were compared to recorded t(c) values from four watersheds each less than 2 sq mi (5.18 km(2)) in area. Field t(c) values were derived from a hyetograph-hydrograph analysis. Six peak-flow methods were then compared to the recorded peaks and historical records to find the best estimation method. Based on three storm seasons of data, a modified form of the Kirpich equation and the U.S. Soil Conservation Service average-velocity equation estimate the time of concentration adequately. Peak discharges were most closely predicted using statewide regression equations, the Fletcher method, and the rational method. Results for the 25-year event (culvert design event) tentatively support the use of statewide regression equations. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,WRD,BATON ROUGE,LA 70816. RP HOTCHKISS, RH (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,LINCOLN,NE 68588, USA. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD JAN PY 1995 VL 121 IS 1 BP 36 EP 48 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1995)121:1(36) PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA PZ038 UT WOS:A1995PZ03800004 ER PT J AU MICHEL, RL KRAEMER, TF AF MICHEL, RL KRAEMER, TF TI USE OF ISOTOPIC DATA TO ESTIMATE WATER RESIDENCE TIMES OF THE FINGER-LAKES, NEW-YORK SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRITIUM AB Water retention times in the Finger Lakes, a group of 11 lakes in central New York with similar hydrologic and climatic characteristics, were estimated by use of a tritium-balance model. During July 1991, samples were collected from the 11 lakes and selected tributary streams and were analyzed for tritium, deuterium, and oxygen-18. Additional samples from some of the sites were collected in 1990, 1992 and 1993. Tritium concentration in lake water ranged from 24.6 Tritium Units (TU) (Otisco Lake) to 43.2 TU (Seneca Lake). The parameters in the model used to obtain water retention time (WRT) included relative humidity, evaporation rate, tritium concentrations of inflowing water and lake water, and WRT of the lake. A historical record of tritium concentrations in precipitation and runoff was obtained from rainfall data at Ottawa, Canada, analyses of local wines produced during 1977-1991, and streamflow samples collected in 1990-1991. The model was simulated in yearly steps for 1953-1991, and the WRT was varied to reproduce tritium concentrations measured in each lake in 1991. Water retention times obtained from model simulations ranged from 1 year for Otisco Lake to 12 years for Seneca Lake, and with the exception of Seneca Lake and Skaneateles Lake, were in agreement with earlier estimates obtained from runoff estimates and chloride balances. The sensitivity of the model to parameter changes was tested to determine possible reasons for the differences calculated for WRT's for Seneca Lake and Skaneateles Lake, The shorter WRT obtained from tritium data for Lake Seneca (12 years as compared to 18 years) can be explained by a yearly addition of less than 3% by lake volume of ground water to the lake, the exact percentage depending on tritium concentration in the ground water. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR 431,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 27 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 164 IS 1-4 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(94)02586-Z PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA QB285 UT WOS:A1995QB28500001 ER PT J AU NUTTLE, WK HARVEY, JW AF NUTTLE, WK HARVEY, JW TI FLUXES OF WATER AND SOLUTE IN A COASTAL WETLAND SEDIMENT .1. THE CONTRIBUTION OF REGIONAL GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARAMETER-IDENTIFICATION; SALT-MARSH; CALIBRATION; TRANSPORT; HYDROLOGY; SYSTEMS; FLOW AB Upward discharge of fresh groundwater into a mid-Atlantic intertidal wetland contributed 62% of the water needed to replace evapotranspiration losses from the sediment during an 11 day period in September. Infiltration during flooding by tides provided most of the balance; thus there was a net advection of salt into the sediment. The amount of groundwater discharge was estimated from changes in water storage in the sediment, as inferred from measurements of hydraulic head made every 10 min. We argue that this approach is inherently more accurate than calculating the flux as the product of hydraulic conductivity and head gradient. Evapotranspiration was estimated from direct measurements of net radiation. On an annual time-scale, our results suggest that groundwater discharge at this site may exceed the evapotranspiration flux during months of reduced evapotranspiration. Should this occur, groundwater-driven advection would supplement diffusion, during flooding, in removing salt from the sediment. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RI Harvey, Judson/L-2047-2013 OI Harvey, Judson/0000-0002-2654-9873 NR 28 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 164 IS 1-4 BP 89 EP 107 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(94)02561-O PG 19 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA QB285 UT WOS:A1995QB28500006 ER PT J AU HARVEY, JW NUTTLE, WK AF HARVEY, JW NUTTLE, WK TI FLUXES OF WATER AND SOLUTE IN A COASTAL WETLAND SEDIMENT .2. EFFECT OF MACROPORES ON SOLUTE EXCHANGE WITH SURFACE-WATER SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SALT-MARSH; SULFATE REDUCTION; RIVER ESTUARY; GROUNDWATER; NUTRIENT; FLOW; TRANSPORT; DIFFUSION; ECOSYSTEM; DYNAMICS AB We investigated interactions between sediment physical structure and solute transport in an intertidal coastal wetland. Two distinct pore-size classes in the sediment were identified. Macropores had effective diameters greater than 100 mu m and a normalized volume of 5%; matrix pores had effective diameters smaller than 100 mu m and were the volumetrically dominant pore-size class (95%). We found that infiltration and evaporation-driven water fluxes were segregated between macropores and matrix pores, respectively, which had the effect of enhancing diffusive effluxes of chloride from the sediment to surface water. Chloride was highly concentrated relative to seawater in matrix porewater but was comparatively dilute in macropores. Concentration differences in pore-size classes declined with depth until indistinguishable below 10 cm. The segregated chloride distribution can be explained if recharge to the sediment occurred by downward infiltration in macropores and discharge occurred by an upward flux in matrix pores to satisfy evapotranspiration. Without disturbance by the downward infiltration flux in macropores, upward advection of chloride in matrix pores and evapoconcentration increased chloride concentrations in matrix pores to a level well above the concentration in seawater. The resulting high concentrations of chloride in matrix pores induced a large diffusive efflux of chloride into surface water that was sufficient to balance new input of chloride by infiltration of seawater in macropores (0.085 mmol Cl cm(-2) day(-1)). Transport models that were constrained by water balance measurements at the field site explained both the exponential form of the vertical distribution of chloride in matrix pores and the rate of change in storage of chloride in sediment porewater over a 1 month period. We conclude that segregation of water and solute fluxes in two pore-size classes strongly influences sediment salinity of coastal wetlands, which has direct bearing on primary productivity of dominant vegetation and on exchange of dissolved nutrients and contaminants between intertidal wetlands and open water. RP HARVEY, JW (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MAIL STOP 496,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. RI Harvey, Judson/L-2047-2013 OI Harvey, Judson/0000-0002-2654-9873 NR 44 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 164 IS 1-4 BP 109 EP 125 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(94)02562-P PG 17 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA QB285 UT WOS:A1995QB28500007 ER PT J AU WOOD, WW IMES, JL AF WOOD, WW IMES, JL TI HOW WET IS WET - PRECIPITATION CONSTRAINTS ON LATE QUATERNARY CLIMATE IN THE SOUTHERN ARABIAN PENINSULA SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article AB It is generally recognized that the southern Arabian Peninsula has had two wet periods in the late Quaternary. To quantify 'wet' a 28 000 year old capillary surface associated with a paleowater-table was mapped and used as a surrogate for the water table in a ground-water model. Analysis of this model suggests 1.4 mm year(-1) of recharge is necessary to support the water table at the mapped elevations during the wet period. Climatic relations between rainfall and recharge in arid areas infer that annual rainfall during this wet period was approximately 200 +/- 50 mm year(-1) or approximately five times the present rate. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,ROLLA,MO 65401. RP WOOD, WW (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR,MS 431,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 9 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 164 IS 1-4 BP 263 EP 268 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(94)02551-L PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA QB285 UT WOS:A1995QB28500014 ER PT J AU DUSELBACON, C HANSEN, VL SCALA, JA AF DUSELBACON, C HANSEN, VL SCALA, JA TI HIGH-PRESSURE AMPHIBOLITE FACIES DYNAMIC METAMORPHISM AND THE MESOZOIC TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF AN ANCIENT CONTINENTAL-MARGIN, EAST-CENTRAL ALASKA SO JOURNAL OF METAMORPHIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE COLLISIONAL TECTONICS; CONVERGENT MARGINS; DYNAMOTHERMAL METAMORPHISM; EAST-CENTRAL ALASKA; HIGH-P METAMORPHISM; THERMOBAROMETRY ID YUKON-TANANA TERRANE; TESLIN SUTURE ZONE; GARNET AMPHIBOLITES; SOUTHEASTERN YUKON; AUGEN GNEISS; SUBDUCTION; TERRITORY; ROCKS; THERMOBAROMETRY; GEOBAROMETERS AB Ductilely deformed amphibolite facies tectonites comprise two adjacent terranes in east-central Alaska. These terranes differ in protoliths, structural level and cooling ages. A structurally complex zone of gently north-dipping tectonites separates the two terranes. The northern, structurally higher Taylor Mountain terrane includes garnet amphibolite, biotite +/- hornblende gneiss, marble, quartzite, metachert, pelitic schist and cross-cutting granitoids of intermediate composition (including the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic Taylor Mountain batholith). Lithological associations and isotopic data from the granitoids indicate an oceanic or marginal basin origin for the Taylor Mountain terrane. Ar-40/Ar-39 metamorphic cooling ages from the Taylor Mountain terrane are latest Triassic to earliest Middle Jurassic. The southern, structurally lower Lake George subterrane of the Yukon-Tanana terrane is made up of quartz-biotite schist and gneiss, augen gneiss, pelitic schist, garnet amphibolite and quartzite; we interpret it to comprise a continental margin and granitoid belt built on North American crust. Metamorphic cooling ages from the Lake George subterrane are almost entirely Early Cretaceous. Geothermobarometric analysis of garnet rims and adjacent phases in garnet amphibolite and pelitic schist from the Taylor Mountain terrane and Lake George subterrane indicate peak metamorphic conditions of 7.5-12 kbar at 555-715-degrees-C in the northern part of the Taylor Mountain terrane, in which NNE-vergent shear fabrics are preserved; 6.5-10.8 kbar at 520-670-degrees-C within the contact zone between the two terranes, in which NW-vergent shear fabrics predominate; and 6.8-11.8 kbar at 570-700-degrees-C in the Lake George subterrane of the Yukon-Tanana terrane, in which NW-vergent shear is recorded in the northern part of the study area and SE-vergent shear in the southern part. Where the two shear-sense directions occur together in the northern Lake George subterrane and, locally, in the contact zone, fabrics that record NW-vergent shear are more penetrative and preceded fabrics that record SE-vergent shear. We interpret the pressure, temperature, kinematic and age data to indicate that the metamorphism of the Taylor Mountain terrane and Lake George subterrane took place during different phases of a latest Palaeozoic through early Mesozoic shortening episode resulting from closure of an ocean basin now represented by klippen of the Seventymile-Slide Mountain terrane. High- to intermediate-pressure metamorphism of the Taylor Mountain terrane took place within a SW-dipping (present-day coordinates) subduction system. High- to intermediate-pressure metamorphism of the Lake George subterrane and the structural contact zone occurred during NW-directed overthrusting of the Taylor Mountain, Seventymile-Slide Mountain and Nisutlin terranes, and imbrication of the continental margin in Jurassic time. The difference in metamorphic cooling ages between the Taylor Mountain terrane and adjacent parts of the Lake George subterrane is best explained by Early Cretaceous unroofing of the Lake George subterrane caused by crustal extension, recorded in its younger top-to-the-SE fabric. C1 SO METHODIST UNIV,DEPT GEOL SCI,DALLAS,TX 75275. RP DUSELBACON, C (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS 904,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 63 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL INC CAMBRIDGE PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0263-4929 J9 J METAMORPH GEOL JI J. Metamorph. Geol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 13 IS 1 BP 9 EP 24 DI 10.1111/j.1525-1314.1995.tb00202.x PG 16 WC Geology SC Geology GA PZ862 UT WOS:A1995PZ86200002 ER PT J AU ROESKE, SM DUSELBACON, C ALEINIKOFF, JN SNEE, LW LANPHERE, MA AF ROESKE, SM DUSELBACON, C ALEINIKOFF, JN SNEE, LW LANPHERE, MA TI METAMORPHIC AND STRUCTURAL HISTORY OF CONTINENTAL-CRUST AT A MESOZOIC COLLISIONAL MARGIN, THE RUBY TERRANE, CENTRAL ALASKA SO JOURNAL OF METAMORPHIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE COLLISIONAL TECTONICS; GRANULITE; HIGH-P LOW-T; NORTHERN ALASKA ID YUKON-KOYUKUK BASIN; BROOKS-RANGE; SEWARD PENINSULA; STABILITY; EVOLUTION; ROCKS; BLUESCHISTS; GEANTICLINE; QUARTZ AB The Ruby terrane is an elongate fragment of continental crustal rocks that is structurally overlain by thrust slices of oceanic crust. Our results from the Kokrines Hills, in the south-central part of the Ruby terrane, demonstrate that the low-angle schistose fabric formed under high-P/low-T conditions, at peak conditions of 10.8-13.2 kbar and 425-550-degrees-C, consistent with the rare occurrence of glaucophane. White mica Ar-40/Ar-39 cooling ages from these blueschists indicate that the metamorphism occurred prior to 144 +/- 1 Ma. The blueschist facies assemblages are partially replaced by greenschist facies assemblages in the eastern Kokrines Hills. In contrast, in the central and western Kokrines Hills, upper amphibolite to lower granulite facies metamorphism associated with extensive late Early Cretaceous plutonism has completely overprinted any evidence of an earlier high-P/T metamorphic history. Deformation accompanying the plutonism produced recumbent isoclinal folds in the plutonic rocks and pelitic gneisses of the wallrock; decompression reactions in the pelitic gneisses suggest that the deformation occurred during exhumation. Thermochronological data bracket the time of intrusion and cooling below 500-degrees-C between 118 +/- 3 and 109 +/- 1 Ma. Our data from the schists of the Ruby terrane support the general assumption of many authors that the Ruby terrane was subducted beneath an oceanic island arc. This tectonic history is similar to that described for other large continental crustal blocks in northern and central Alaska, in the Brooks Range, Seward Peninsula and Yukon-Tanana Upland. The current orientation of the Ruby terrane at an oblique angle to these other crustal blocks and to the Cordilleran trend is due to post-collisional tectonic processes that have greatly modified the original continental margin. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. RP ROESKE, SM (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT GEOL,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. RI Rohlf, F/A-8710-2008 NR 55 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL INC CAMBRIDGE PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0263-4929 J9 J METAMORPH GEOL JI J. Metamorph. Geol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 13 IS 1 BP 25 EP 40 DI 10.1111/j.1525-1314.1995.tb00203.x PG 16 WC Geology SC Geology GA PZ862 UT WOS:A1995PZ86200003 ER PT J AU TILL, AB SNEE, LW AF TILL, AB SNEE, LW TI AR-40/AR-39 EVIDENCE THAT FORMATION OF BLUESCHISTS IN CONTINENTAL-CRUST WAS SYNCHRONOUS WITH FORELAND FOLD-AND-THRUST BELT DEFORMATION, WESTERN BROOKS RANGE, ALASKA SO JOURNAL OF METAMORPHIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AR-40 AR-39 ANALYSIS; BLUESCHIST FACIES METAMORPHISM; BROOKS RANGE, ALASKA; CONTRACTIONAL OROGENS ID DORA-MAIRA NAPPE; HIGH-PRESSURE; METAMORPHIC ROCKS; STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; CONTACT-METAMORPHISM; GEOLOGIC EVOLUTION; OMAN MOUNTAINS; WHITE MICAS; LASER-PROBE; NE OMAN AB Ar-40/Ar-39 ages from white mica in rocks of the internal zone of the Brooks Range contractional orogen indicate that the Nanielik antiformal duplex developed at about 120 Ma and was remobilized on its southern boundary at c. 108 Ma. Blueschist facies metamorphism accompanied development of the antiform. The timing of the blueschist facies event and creation of the antiform overlap the period of shallow-seated deformation in the foreland fold and thrust belt and sedimentation in the foreland basin of the Brooks Range. Blueschist facies P-T conditions may therefore characterize the thicker parts of orogenic wedges in some orogenic systems; ancient blueschists need not necessarily be interpreted as indicators of active subduction or continent-continent collision. Microprobe analysis using quantitative wavelength-dispersive and electron backscattered electron imaging methods was used to characterize the composition of white micas in the dated samples. None of the samples was compositionally homogeneous; many contained 2-3 populations of white mica, including both potassic and sodic varieties. Samples which had undergone (in sequence) amphibolite, albite-epidote amphibolite and blueschist facies metamorphic events retained muscovites relict of the amphibolite facies event. Samples that had undergone only the blueschist facies event also contained multiple populations of mica, some probably from detrital sources. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,ANCHORAGE,AK. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. RP TILL, AB (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT GEOL SCI,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. NR 59 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL INC CAMBRIDGE PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0263-4929 J9 J METAMORPH GEOL JI J. Metamorph. Geol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 13 IS 1 BP 41 EP 60 DI 10.1111/j.1525-1314.1995.tb00204.x PG 20 WC Geology SC Geology GA PZ862 UT WOS:A1995PZ86200004 ER PT J AU PRICE, LC AF PRICE, LC TI BASIN RICHNESS AND SOURCE-ROCK DISRUPTION - A FUNDAMENTAL RELATIONSHIP - REPLY TO DISCUSSION SO JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID PRIMARY MIGRATION; PETROLEUM; MEXICO; GULF; OIL; GAS; GENERATION RP PRICE, LC (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,POB 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCIENTIFIC PRESS LTD PI BEACONSFIELD PA PO BOX 21, BEACONSFIELD, BUCKS, ENGLAND HP9 1NS SN 0141-6421 J9 J PETROL GEOL JI J. Pet. Geol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 18 IS 1 BP 105 EP 109 DI 10.1111/j.1747-5457.1995.tb00745.x PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA PZ435 UT WOS:A1995PZ43500007 ER PT J AU MOORE, DE LOCKNER, DA AF MOORE, DE LOCKNER, DA TI THE ROLE OF MICROCRACKING IN SHEAR-FRACTURE PROPAGATION IN GRANITE SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WESTERLY GRANITE; CRYSTALLINE ROCKS; BRITTLE SOLIDS; MECHANICAL ANISOTROPY; CRACK GROWTH; FAILURE; FAULTS; MICROCAVITIES; COMPRESSION; DEFORMATION AB Microcracking related to the formation of a laboratory shear fracture in a cylinder of Westerly granite has been investigated using image-analysis computer techniques. Well away from the fracture (farfield), the deformed granite has about twice the crack density (crack length per unit area) of undeformed granite. The microcrack density increases dramatically in a process zone that surrounds the fracture tip, and the fracture tip itself has more than an order of magnitude increase in crack density over the undeformed rock. Microcrack densities are consistently higher on the dilational side of the shear than on the compressional side. Microcracks in the undeformed rock and in the far-field areas of the laboratory sample are concentrated within and along the margins of quartz crystals, but near the shear fracture they are somewhat more abundant within K-feldspar crystals. The energy release rate, G(II), for mode II fracture progagation is estimated from the microcrack density data to be greater than or equal to 1.7-8.6 kJ m(-2). The microcracks that formed during the experiment are principally tensile cracks whose orientations reflect the local stress field: those formed prior to the nucleation of the fault are roughly parallel to the cylinder axis (loading direction), whereas those generated in the process zone make angles averaging 30 degrees to the overall fault strike (and 20 degrees to the cylinder axis). The preferred orientation and uneven distribution of microcracks in the process zone tends to pull the propagating fracture tip towards the dilational side, even though the trend is away from the overall fault strike. As a result, the propagating shear follows the microcrack trend for some distance and then changes direction in order to maintain an overall in-plane propagation path. This recurring process produces a zig-zag or sawtooth segmentation pattern similar to the sawtooth geometries of faults such as the San Andreas fault. RP MOORE, DE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, MS 977, 345 MIDDLEFIELD RD, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. NR 44 TC 167 Z9 171 U1 3 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0191-8141 J9 J STRUCT GEOL JI J. Struct. Geol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 17 IS 1 BP 95 EP 114 DI 10.1016/0191-8141(94)E0018-T PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA QD221 UT WOS:A1995QD22100007 ER PT J AU Bown, TM Holroyd, PA Rose, KD AF Bown, T. M. Holroyd, P. A. Rose, K. D. TI MORPHOLOGIC CHANGE AND TURNOVER IN EARLY EOCENE HYOPSODUS (MAMMALIA, CONDYLARTHRA) IN RELATION TO ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bown, T. M.; Holroyd, P. A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Rose, K. D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol & Anat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0272-4634 EI 1937-2809 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PY 1995 VL 15 SU 3 SI SI BP 19A EP 20A PG 2 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA V32OC UT WOS:000208959500027 ER PT J AU Holroyd, PA AF Holroyd, P. A. TI HYAENODONTINE HYAENODONTID CREODONTS FROM THE JEBEL QATRANI KORMATION FAYUM PROVINCE EGYPT SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Holroyd, P. A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0272-4634 EI 1937-2809 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PY 1995 VL 15 SU 3 SI SI BP 35A EP 35A PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA V32OC UT WOS:000208959500133 ER PT J AU Holroyd, PA Ciochon, RL AF Holroyd, P. A. Ciochon, R. L. TI THE PONDAUNG MAMMALIAN FAUNA NEW INTERPRETATIONS OF ITS AFFINITIES, RELATIVE AGE, AND ECOLOGY SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Holroyd, P. A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Ciochon, R. L.] Univ Iowa, Dept Anthropol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Ciochon, R. L.] Univ Iowa, Dept Pediat Dent, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0272-4634 EI 1937-2809 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PY 1995 VL 15 SU 3 SI SI BP 35A EP 35A PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA V32OC UT WOS:000208959500134 ER PT J AU Rose, KD Bown, TM AF Rose, K. D. Bown, T. M. TI A MINUTE NEW PLESIADAPIFORM FROM THE EARLY EOCENE OF WYOMING SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rose, K. D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol & Anat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Bown, T. M.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0272-4634 EI 1937-2809 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PY 1995 VL 15 SU 3 SI SI BP 49A EP 50A PG 2 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA V32OC UT WOS:000208959500235 ER PT J AU WEILER, GJ GARNER, GW RITTER, DG AF WEILER, GJ GARNER, GW RITTER, DG TI OCCURRENCE OF RABIES IN A WOLF POPULATION IN NORTHEASTERN ALASKA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Note DE RABIES; WOLVES; CANIS LUPUS; NORTHEAST ALASKA; DENNING ID CANIS-LUPUS; MINNESOTA; DEN AB Nine Alaskan wolves (Canis lupus) were found dead during spring and summer 1985; five of seven animals tested for rabies virus were positive. The 1985 epizootic altered annual den use patterns by wolves in northeastern Alaska, but did not appear to affect population size. We propose that rabies in arctic wolves may be more common than previously thought. C1 STATE PUBL HLTH LAB,FAIRBANKS,AK 99706. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ARCT NATL WILDLIFE REFUGE,FAIRBANKS,AK 99701. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 31 IS 1 BP 79 EP 82 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA QD053 UT WOS:A1995QD05300014 PM 7563430 ER PT J AU HESTBECK, JB AF HESTBECK, JB TI RESPONSE OF NORTHERN PINTAIL BREEDING POPULATIONS TO DROUGHT, 1961-92 SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE AGE RATIO; ALBERTA; ANAS ACUTA; DROUGHT; NORTHERN PINTAIL; PRAIRIES; PRODUCTION; SASKATCHEWAN AB According to data from the 1960s, northern pintails (Anas acuta) ny north of the Alberta and Saskatchewan prairies during drought resulting in decreasing pintail annual production. Reanalysis of overnight and reduced-production hypotheses using data from 1961-92 indicated that, although the same basic relationships were present, these relationships changed over time. The number of pintails counted in northern survey areas from Alaska through northern Alberta divided by the number in southern areas of Alberta and Saskatchewan was used as an index of overnight (North-South ratio). Variation in total May ponds in southern Alberta and southern Saskatchewan accounted for variation in the North-South ratio during the 1960s (r(2) = 0.779, P = 0.004) and 1980s (r(2) = 0.251, P = 0.08), but not during the 1970s (r(2) = 0.001, P = 0.94), generally a period of high total May ponds. Variation in the North-South ratio accounted for variation in pintail production, measured as the age ratio from hunter harvest (harvest-age ratios), during the 1960s (r(2) = 0.688, P = 0.01) but not during the 1970s (r(2) = 0.226, P = 0.14) and 1980s (r(2) = 0.103, P = 0.29). The lack of a relationship between harvest-age and North-South ratios during the 1980s resulted from lower average age ratios during years when large numbers of pintails were in the southern region. Pintail production in prairie-parkland areas may have declined and, in the 1990s, may be equal to production in the northern regions. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,NATL BIOL SURVEY,LAUREL,MD 20708. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 59 IS 1 BP 9 EP 15 DI 10.2307/3809109 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA QD971 UT WOS:A1995QD97100002 ER PT J AU JORDE, DG HARAMIS, GM BUNCK, CM PENDLETON, GW AF JORDE, DG HARAMIS, GM BUNCK, CM PENDLETON, GW TI EFFECTS OF DIET ON RATE OF BODY-MASS GAIN BY WINTERING CANVASBACKS SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE AYTHYA VALISINERIA; BALTIC CLAM; CANVASBACK; CHESAPEAKE BAY; DIET; FEEDING; MACOMA BALTHICA; VALLISNERIA AMERICANA; WILDCELERY ID FEMALE MALLARDS; DUCKS; GEESE; FOOD; NUTRIENTS; DYNAMICS; SURVIVAL; PATTERNS; PINTAILS; GROWTH AB Because habitat degradation has led to the loss of submerged vegetation in Chesapeake Bay, wintering canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria) have shifted from a plant diet of American wildcelery (Vallisneria americana) to an animal diet of Baltic clams (Macoma balthica). We conducted experiments with pen-reared canvasbacks (n = 32, 1990; n = 32, 1991) to assess the effect of this diet change on mass recovery rate following a simulated period of food deprivation. During the recovery phase, canvasbacks were fed ad libitum either (1) Baltic clams (1991 only), (2) tubers of wildcelery, (3) corn, or (4) commercial control diet. Initial body mass of ducks did not differ between years (P = 0.754) or among pens (P > 0.264) or diets within years (1990, P = 0.520; 1991, P = 0.684). Body mass decline during food deprivation (($) over bar x = 26.0 g/day +/- 0.6 SE) did not differ among diets (1990, P = 0.239; 1991, P = 0.062) or between sexes in 1990 (P = 0.197), but was greater (P = 0.039) for males (($) over bar x = 28 g/day +/- 0.8 SE) than females (($) over bar x = 25 g/day +/- 0.9) in 1991. Mass recovery rate differed between diets (clams excluded) in 1990 (P = 0.003) and 1991 (clams included) (P = 0.011); mean = 42 g.bird(-1).day(-1) +/- 3.8 (SE) control diet, mean = 32 g.bird(-1).day(-1) +/- 2.8 wildcelery tubers, mean = 24 g.bird(-1).day(-1) +/- 4.9 whole corn, and mean = 23 g.bird(-1).day(-1) +/- 1.0 Baltic clams. Canvasbacks consumed an average of 2,169 g.bird(-1).day(-1) of Baltic clams, 1,158 g.bird(-1).day(-1) of wildcelery tubers, 152 g.bird(-1).day(-1) whole corn, and 208 g.bird(-1).day(-1) (dry mass) control diet during recovery. Managers should restore and maintain aquatic plant foods that enhance winter survival of canvasbacks and other waterfowl in response to declining habitat quality. RP JORDE, DG (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,NATL BIOL SURVEY,LAUREL,MD 20708, USA. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 59 IS 1 BP 31 EP 39 DI 10.2307/3809112 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA QD971 UT WOS:A1995QD97100005 ER PT B AU Busiahn, TR McClain, JR AF Busiahn, TR McClain, JR BE Munawar, M Edsall, T Leach, J TI Status and control of ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus) in Lake Superior and potential for range expansion SO LAKE HURON ECOSYSTEM: ECOLOGY, FISHERIES AND MANAGEMENT SE ECOVISION WORLD MONOGRAPH SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Lake Huron Ecosystem - Ecology, Fisheries and Management CY SEP 27-29, 1993 CL WINDSOR, CANADA SP Equat Ecosyst Hlth & Management Soc, Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Agcy, Ontario Minist Nat Resources, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, City Windsor DE non-indigenous; deep-water; oligotrophic; control C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ASHLAND,WI 54806. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU S P B ACADEMIC PUBL BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 11188, 1001 GD AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5103-117-3 J9 ECOVIS WORLD MG SER PY 1995 BP 461 EP 470 PG 10 WC Ecology; Fisheries; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BF81U UT WOS:A1995BF81U00021 ER PT B AU Eaton, GP AF Eaton, GP GP AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING TI Welcoming remarks SO LAND SATELLITE INFORMATION IN THE NEXT DECADE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Land Satellite Information in the Next Decade CY SEP 25-28, 1995 CL VIENNA, VA SP Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, NASA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, US Geol Survey C1 US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LAND, SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 BN 1-57083-025-8 PY 1995 BP A11 EP A13 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BE80W UT WOS:A1995BE80W00004 ER PT B AU SCHUSTER, RL AF SCHUSTER, RL BE Bell, DH TI RECENT ADVANCES IN SLOPE STABILIZATION SO LANDSLIDES: GLISSEMENTS DE TERRAIN, VOL 3: ADDITIONAL PAPERS - REPORTS - DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Landslides CY FEB 10-14, 1992 CL CHRISTCHURCH, NEW ZEALAND C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 1675, 3000 BR ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-035-4 PY 1995 BP 1715 EP 1745 PG 31 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA BC73G UT WOS:A1995BC73G00029 ER PT J AU CANUEL, EA CLOERN, JE RINGELBERG, DB GUCKERT, JB RAU, GH AF CANUEL, EA CLOERN, JE RINGELBERG, DB GUCKERT, JB RAU, GH TI MOLECULAR AND ISOTOPIC TRACERS USED TO EXAMINE SOURCES OF ORGANIC-MATTER AND ITS INCORPORATION INTO THE FOOD WEBS OF SAN-FRANCISCO BAY SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CONTROL PHYTOPLANKTON BIOMASS; FATTY-ACID; ESTUARINE PHYTOPLANKTON; SEASONAL-CHANGES; CARBON ISOTOPES; MARINE; LIPIDS; STEROL; PRODUCTS; DIATOMS AB Multiple indicators (Chl a, C:N ratios, [delta(13)C]POC, and two classes of lipid biomarker compounds-sterols and phospholipid ester-linked fatty acids) were used to evaluate spatial and temporal variations in the origin of particulate organic matter (POM) in the San Francisco Bay (SFB) estuary. Comparisons were made between the northern and southern subestuaries of SFB, as well as along the salinity gradient of northern SFB. Two sample types were collected-seston, which was used to characterize the bulk POM, and tissues of the suspension-feeding bivalve Potamocorbula amurensis-in order to evaluate the assimilable portion of the POM. Samples were collected around biological and physical events (phytoplankton blooms and freshwater inflow) thought to be the primary mechanisms controlling temporal variability in organic matter sources. Seston samples indicate that phytoplankton sources of POM are important throughout the entire SFB system, with additional inputs of organic matter from bacterial and terrestrial vascular plant sources delivered to the northern region. Analysis of biomarker compounds in P. amurensis tissues indicates that phytoplankton supply a large fraction of the assimilable carbon to clams throughout SFB, although isotopic analysis of clam tissues suggests that the origin of this reactive carbon varies spatially and that freshwater algae are an important source of reactive organic matter to clams living in northern SFB. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. UNIV TENNESSEE,OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,CTR ENVIRONM BIOTECHNOL,KNOXVILLE,TN 37932. UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ,INST MARINE SCI,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95064. RI Cloern, James/C-1499-2011; OI Cloern, James/0000-0002-5880-6862 NR 48 TC 177 Z9 185 U1 5 U2 28 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPH PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 40 IS 1 BP 67 EP 81 PG 15 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA QT292 UT WOS:A1995QT29200006 ER PT J AU ASSEL, RA ROBERTSON, DM AF ASSEL, RA ROBERTSON, DM TI CHANGES IN WINTER AIR TEMPERATURES NEAR LAKE-MICHIGAN, 1851-1993, AS DETERMINED FROM REGIONAL LAKE-ICE RECORDS SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID GREAT-LAKES; WHITEFISH; TRENDS; INDEX; BAY AB Records of freezeup and breakup dates for Grand Traverse Bay, Michigan, and Lake Mendota, Wisconsin, are among the longest ice records available near the Great Lakes, beginning in 1851 and 1855, respectively. The timing of freezeup and breakup results from an integration of meteorological conditions (primarily air temperature) that occur before these events. Changes in the average timing of these ice-events are translated into changes in air temperature by the use of empirical and process-driven models. The timing of freezeup and breakup at the two locations represents an integration of air temperatures over slightly different seasons (months). Records from both locations indicate that the early winter period before about 1890 was similar to 1.5 degrees C cooler than the early winter period after that time; the mean temperature has, however, remained relatively constant since about 1890. Changes in breakup dates demonstrate a similar 1.0-1.5 degrees C increase in late winter and early spring air temperatures about 1890. More recent average breakup dates at both locations have been earlier than during 1890-1940, indicating an additional warming of 1.2 degrees C in March since about 1940 and a warming of 1.1 degrees C in January-March since about 1980. Ice records at these sites will continue to provide an early indication of the anticipated climatic warming, not only because of the large response of ice cover to small changes in air temperature but also because these records integrate climatic conditions during the seasons (winter-spring) when most warming is forecast to occur. Future reductions in ice cover may strongly affect the winter ecology of the Great Lakes by reducing the stable environment required by various levels of the food chain. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MADISON,WI 53719. RP ASSEL, RA (reprint author), NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA. OI Robertson, Dale/0000-0001-6799-0596 NR 34 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPH PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 40 IS 1 BP 165 EP 176 PG 12 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA QT292 UT WOS:A1995QT29200016 ER PT B AU ESTES, JA AF ESTES, JA BE Jones, CG Lawton, JH TI TOP-LEVEL CARNIVORES AND ECOSYSTEM EFFECTS - QUESTIONS AND APPROACHES SO LINKING SPECIES & ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Cary Conference on Linking Species and Ecosystems CY MAY 08-12, 1993 CL INST ECOSYST STUDIES, MILLBROOK, NY HO INST ECOSYST STUDIES RP ESTES, JA (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ,INST MARINE SCI,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95064, USA. NR 0 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU CHAPMAN & HALL INC PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 BN 0-412-04801-9 PY 1995 BP 151 EP 158 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BB47B UT WOS:A1995BB47B00015 ER PT J AU POPPE, LJ POPENOE, P POAG, CW SWIFT, BA AF POPPE, LJ POPENOE, P POAG, CW SWIFT, BA TI STRATIGRAPHIC AND PALEOENVIRONMENTAL SUMMARY OF THE SOUTH-EAST GEORGIA EMBAYMENT - A CORRELATION OF EXPLORATORY WELLS SO MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SOUTH-EAST GEORGIA EMBAYMENT; EXPLORATORY WELLS; STRATIGRAPHY ID UNITED-STATES; BLAKE PLATEAU; FLORIDA; BASEMENT; TERRANE; HISTORY; TROUGH; MARGIN; SHELF; BASIN AB A Continental Offshore Stratigraphic Test (COST) well and six exploratory wells have been drilled in the south-east Georgia embayment. The oldest rocks penetrated are weakly metamorphosed Lower Ordovician quartz arenites and Silurian shales and argillites in the Transco 1005-1 well and Upper Devonian argillites in the COST GE-1 well. These marine strata, which are equivalent to the Tippecanoe sequence in Florida, underlie the post-rift unconformity and represent part of a disjunct fragment of Gondwana that was sutured to the North American craton during the late Palaeozoic Alleghanian orogeny. The Palaeozoic strata are unconformably overlain by interbedded non-marine Jurassic (Bajocian and younger) sandstones and shales and marginal marine Lower Cretaceous sandstones, calcareous shales and carbonates, which contain scattered beds of coal and evaporite. Together, these rocks are stratigraphically equivalent to the onshore Fort Pierce and Cotton Valley(?) Formations and rocks of the Lower Cretaceous Comanchean Provincial Series. The abundance of carbonates and evaporites in this interval, which reflects marine influences within the embayment, increases upwards, eastwards and southwards. The Upper Cretaceous part of the section is composed mainly of neritic calcareous shales and shaley limestones stratigraphically equivalent to the primarily marginal marine facies of the onshore Atkinson, Cape Fear and Middendorf Formations and Black Creek Group, and to limestones and shales of the Lawson Limestone and Peedee Formations. Cenozoic strata are primarily semiconsolidated marine carbonates. Palaeocene to middle Eocene strata are commonly cherty; middle Miocene to Pliocene strata are massive and locally phosphatic and glauconitic; Quaternary sediments are dominated by unconsolidated carbonate sands. The effects of eustatic changes and shifts in the palaeocirculation are recorded in the Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary strata. RP POPPE, LJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,QUISSETT LABS,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 67 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA LINACRE HOUSE JORDAN HILL, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 8DP SN 0264-8172 J9 MAR PETROL GEOL JI Mar. Pet. Geol. PY 1995 VL 12 IS 6 BP 677 EP 690 DI 10.1016/0264-8172(95)98092-J PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA RQ862 UT WOS:A1995RQ86200007 ER PT J AU LUOMA, SN HO, YB BRYAN, GW AF LUOMA, SN HO, YB BRYAN, GW TI FATE, BIOAVAILABILITY AND TOXICITY OF SILVER IN ESTUARINE ENVIRONMENTS SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Trace Metals in the Aquatic Environment CY MAY 16-20, 1994 CL AARHUS, DENMARK ID BIVALVE SCROBICULARIA-PLANA; HEAVY-METAL CONTAMINATION; UNITED-KINGDOM ESTUARIES; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; MACOMA-BALTHICA; MYTILUS-EDULIS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; GIGAS THUNBERG; ACCUMULATION; SEDIMENTS AB The chemistry and bioavailability of Ag contribute to its high toxicity in marine and estuarine waters. Silver is unusual, in that both the dominant speciation reaction in seawater and the processes important in sorbing Ag in sediments favour enhanced bioavailability. Formation of a stable chloro complex favours dispersal of dissolved Ag, and the abundant chloro complex is available to biota. Sequestration by sediments also occurs, but with relatively slow kinetics. Amorphous aggregated coatings enhance Ag accumulation in sediments, as well as Ag uptake from sediments by deposit feeders. In estuaries, the bioaccumulation of Ag increases 56-fold with each unit of increased Ag concentration in sediments. Toxicity for sensitive marine species occurs at absolute concentrations as low as those observed for any non-alkylated metal, partly because bioaccumulation increases so steeply with contamination. The environmental window of tolerance to Ag in estuaries could be narrower than for many elements. C1 UNIV HONG KONG, DEPT BOT, HONG KONG, HONG KONG. PLYMOUTH MARINE LAB, PLYMOUTH PL1 2PB, DEVON, ENGLAND. RP US GEOL SURVEY, MAIL STOP 465, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. NR 53 TC 96 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JAN-MAR PY 1995 VL 31 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 44 EP 54 DI 10.1016/0025-326X(95)00081-W PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA RU551 UT WOS:A1995RU55100007 ER PT B AU ODUM, JK DIEHL, SF LEE, FT AF ODUM, JK DIEHL, SF LEE, FT BE Rossmanith, HP TI A comparison of fracture orientation data at different scales in a welded tuff near Creede, Colorado, USA SO MECHANICS OF JOINTED AND FAULTED ROCK LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on the Mechanics of Jointed and Faulted Rock (MJFR-2) CY APR 10-14, 1995 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Tech Univ Vienna, Inst Mech, Austrian Soc Geomech C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 1675, 3000 BR ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-541-0 PY 1995 BP 285 EP 290 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geology; Mechanics; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BD81F UT WOS:A1995BD81F00040 ER PT J AU KARGEL, JS AF KARGEL, JS TI A POSSIBLE ENSTATITE METEORITE - EARTH CONNECTION AND POTASSIUM IN EARTHS CORE SO METEORITICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID EVOLUTION RP KARGEL, JS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,2255 N GEMINI DR,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001, USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 SN 0026-1114 J9 METEORITICS JI Meteoritics PD JAN PY 1995 VL 30 IS 1 BP 5 EP 7 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QE411 UT WOS:A1995QE41100004 ER PT J AU MEEKER, GP AF MEEKER, GP TI CONSTRAINTS ON FORMATION PROCESSES OF 2 COARSE-GRAINED CALCIUM-RICH ALUMINUM-RICH INCLUSIONS - A STUDY OF MANTLES, ISLANDS AND CORES SO METEORITICS LA English DT Article ID TRACE-ELEMENT; CRYSTALLIZATION SEQUENCES; REFRACTORY INCLUSIONS; ALLENDE INCLUSIONS; MG; FREMDLINGE; EVOLUTION; METEORITE; OLIVINE; ORIGIN AB Many coarse-grained calcium- aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) contain features that are inconsistent with equilibrium liquid crystallization models of origin. Spinel-free islands (SFIs) in spinel-rich cores of Type B CAIs are examples of such features. One model previously proposed for the origin of Allende 5241, a Type B1 CAI containing SFIs, involves the capture and assimilation of xenoliths by a liquid droplet in the solar nebula (E1 Goresy et al., 1985; MacPherson et al., 1989). This study reports new textural and chemical zoning data from 5241 and identifies previously unrecognized chemical zoning patterns in the melilite mantle and in a SFI. These zoning patterns are identified by large-scale elemental mapping techniques. The compositional zoning is completely independent of, and cross-cuts individual melilite crystals in the mantle, a relation that suggests the mantle was deposited or accreted onto a preexisting core of the inclusion. Lack of correlation with individual mantle crystals also suggests that the mantle totally recrystallized at subsolids temperatures. Sodium distribution maps demonstrate that most of the Na in 5241 was introduced during the secondary alteration process. Major- and trace-element data from the SFI boundary in a second type Bl CAI, Allende 3529Z, were obtained. The boundary bisects a large fassaite crystal. If the SFI is a relict xenolith, then chemical differences are likely to be present across the boundary. Electron microprobe analysis of the fassaite crystal reveals concentric zoning of Ti, which is unrelated to the SFI boundary, as well as distinct zones enriched in Al and depleted in Ti+3. Ion microprobe analyses at the SFI boundary show no significant variation in Ba, Sc, V, Cr, Sr, Zr, Nb and REE in fassaite. There is no evidence that requires the capture of a xenolith in 3529Z. Based on chemical zoning and textural arguments, it is suggested that both of these CAIs formed by a process of partial melting of precursors, which contained either vesicles or spinel-free grains. Allende 5241 shows evidence for vapor condensation and accretion and/or introduction of a second liquid to form the melilite mantle. Chemical zoning patterns in the mantles of the inclusions indicate that 3529Z experienced a higher degree of partial melting than 5241, but it was not high enough to melt spinel or completely melt and homogenize relict fassaite components. RP MEEKER, GP (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 SN 0026-1114 J9 METEORITICS JI Meteoritics PD JAN PY 1995 VL 30 IS 1 BP 71 EP 84 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QE411 UT WOS:A1995QE41100013 ER PT B AU SHANKS, WC AF SHANKS, WC BE Etz, ES TI Laser microprobe stable isotopic studies of sulfide, silicate and carbonate minerals: A progress report SO MICROBEAM ANALYSIS 1995: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 29TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY SE MICROBEAM ANALYSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual Conference of the Microbeam-Analysis-Society CY AUG 06-11, 1995 CL BRECKENRIDGE, CO SP Microbeam Anal Soc C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR 973,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU V C H PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 220 E 23RD ST, SUITE 909, NEW YORK, NY 10010 BN 1-56081-919-7 J9 MICROB ANAL PY 1995 BP 425 EP 426 PG 2 WC Microscopy; Spectroscopy SC Microscopy; Spectroscopy GA BE26U UT WOS:A1995BE26U00191 ER PT B AU LICHTE, FE AF LICHTE, FE BE Etz, ES TI Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (a micro-macro analytical tool) SO MICROBEAM ANALYSIS 1995: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 29TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY SE MICROBEAM ANALYSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual Conference of the Microbeam-Analysis-Society CY AUG 06-11, 1995 CL BRECKENRIDGE, CO SP Microbeam Anal Soc C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU V C H PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 220 E 23RD ST, SUITE 909, NEW YORK, NY 10010 BN 1-56081-919-7 J9 MICROB ANAL PY 1995 BP 427 EP 428 PG 2 WC Microscopy; Spectroscopy SC Microscopy; Spectroscopy GA BE26U UT WOS:A1995BE26U00192 ER PT B AU PALLISTER, JS MEEKER, GP AF PALLISTER, JS MEEKER, GP BE Etz, ES TI Magma mingling and xenolith entrainment ''caught in the act'' during the 1991-92 eruptions of Pinatubo volcano: Evidence from digital wavelength dispersive X-ray images SO MICROBEAM ANALYSIS 1995: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 29TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY SE MICROBEAM ANALYSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual Conference of the Microbeam-Analysis-Society CY AUG 06-11, 1995 CL BRECKENRIDGE, CO SP Microbeam Anal Soc C1 US GEOL SURVEY,FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU V C H PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 220 E 23RD ST, SUITE 909, NEW YORK, NY 10010 BN 1-56081-919-7 J9 MICROB ANAL PY 1995 BP 431 EP 432 PG 2 WC Microscopy; Spectroscopy SC Microscopy; Spectroscopy GA BE26U UT WOS:A1995BE26U00194 ER PT B AU MEEKER, GP AF MEEKER, GP BE Etz, ES TI Large-scale chemical mapping of refractory inclusions from the Allende meteorite: A clue to variations of ambient conditions in the solar nebula. SO MICROBEAM ANALYSIS 1995: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 29TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY SE MICROBEAM ANALYSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual Conference of the Microbeam-Analysis-Society CY AUG 06-11, 1995 CL BRECKENRIDGE, CO SP Microbeam Anal Soc C1 US GEOL SURVEY,LAKEWOOD,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU V C H PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 220 E 23RD ST, SUITE 909, NEW YORK, NY 10010 BN 1-56081-919-7 J9 MICROB ANAL PY 1995 BP 433 EP 434 PG 2 WC Microscopy; Spectroscopy SC Microscopy; Spectroscopy GA BE26U UT WOS:A1995BE26U00195 ER PT B AU TAGGART, JE WILSON, SA WOLPERT, PJ AF TAGGART, JE WILSON, SA WOLPERT, PJ BE Etz, ES TI The preparation of a relatively large quantity of a homogeneous basalt-glass microbeam standard by the US geological survey SO MICROBEAM ANALYSIS 1995: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 29TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY SE MICROBEAM ANALYSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual Conference of the Microbeam-Analysis-Society CY AUG 06-11, 1995 CL BRECKENRIDGE, CO SP Microbeam Anal Soc C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU V C H PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 220 E 23RD ST, SUITE 909, NEW YORK, NY 10010 BN 1-56081-919-7 J9 MICROB ANAL PY 1995 BP 435 EP 436 PG 2 WC Microscopy; Spectroscopy SC Microscopy; Spectroscopy GA BE26U UT WOS:A1995BE26U00196 ER PT B AU RIDLEY, WI PERFIT, MR SMITH, M AF RIDLEY, WI PERFIT, MR SMITH, M BE Etz, ES TI Magmatic processes at spreading centers as reflected in the mineral chemistry of a microgabbro from the East Pacific Rise SO MICROBEAM ANALYSIS 1995: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 29TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY SE MICROBEAM ANALYSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual Conference of the Microbeam-Analysis-Society CY AUG 06-11, 1995 CL BRECKENRIDGE, CO SP Microbeam Anal Soc C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,GEOCHEM BRANCH,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU V C H PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 220 E 23RD ST, SUITE 909, NEW YORK, NY 10010 BN 1-56081-919-7 J9 MICROB ANAL PY 1995 BP 437 EP 438 PG 2 WC Microscopy; Spectroscopy SC Microscopy; Spectroscopy GA BE26U UT WOS:A1995BE26U00197 ER PT B AU Reddy, MM AF Reddy, MM BE Amjad, Z TI Carbonate precipitation in Pyramid Lake, Nevada - Probable control by magnesium ion SO MINERAL SCALE FORMATION AND INHIBITION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Mineral Scale Formation and Inhibition, at the American-Chemical-Society Annual Meeting CY AUG 21-26, 1994 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Colloid & Surface Chem, Alco Chem, Betz Labs, BF Goodrich Co, Proctor & Gamble, Unilever USA, WR Grace C1 US GEOL SURVEY,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45195-6 PY 1995 BP 21 EP 32 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Crystallography; Engineering, Chemical; Mineralogy SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Engineering; Mineralogy GA BF13L UT WOS:A1995BF13L00003 ER PT J AU FOORD, EE CERNY, P JACKSON, LL SHERMAN, DM EBY, RK AF FOORD, EE CERNY, P JACKSON, LL SHERMAN, DM EBY, RK TI MINERALOGICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL EVOLUTION OF MICAS FROM MIAROLITIC PEGMATITES OF THE ANOROGENIC PIKES-PEAK BATHOLITH, COLORADO SO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELEMENT GRANITIC PEGMATITES; LITHIUM-IRON MICAS; TRIOCTAHEDRAL MICAS; PHYSICAL PROPERTIES; INTERNAL EVOLUTION; FRONT RANGE; MOSSBAUER; SYSTEM; PETROGENESIS; SPECTROSCOPY AB A suite of 29 micas from miarolitic pegmatites associated with granitic units of the anorogenic Pikes Peak batholith (1.08-1.02 Ga), Colorado range in composition, and follow in paragenetic sequence, from 1M siderophyllite (N = 1), and 3T or 2M(1) lithian biotite(N = 5) to 1M zinnwaldite(N = 20) and 1M ferroan lepidolite (N = Ij. Locally, 1M (?) phlogopite (N = 1) and ferroan 2M, muscovite (N = 1) are also present. Pervasive, late-stage hydrothermal alteration along with possible supergene weathering of many of these micas produced vermiculite. Additionally, some vugs and cavities were filled with chlorite and/or smectite. Early crystallized micas form tapered columnar crystals in graphic pegmatite, growing toward, and adjacent to the miarolitic cavity zone which contains the later crystallized micas. Principal associated minerals are quartz, microcline perthite (mostly amazonite), and albite, with local topaz or fluorite, and rarely tourmaline (schorl-elbaite). Progressively younger micas of the main crystallization sequence display increasing Si, Li, F, and Al/Ga, and decreasing total Fe, Mg, and octahedral occupancy. The zinc content of all micas is considerably elevated, whereas Mn, Rb, Cs, and Sc are moderate and T1 is very low. Early siderophyllite and lithian biotite show a narrow range of FeO/Fe2O3 (5.6-8.0), whereas later zinnwaldite is much more variable (2.4-40.3). Annite of the host granite and early graphic pegmatite is compositionally homogeneous, but most mica crystals from cavities show remarkable compositional and abrupt, sharp and distinct color zoning. Most cavity-grown zinnwaldite crystals show a decrease, from core to rim, in total Fe and Mg, whereas Si, Li and F increase and Mn, Rb, Cs and Na are essentially constant. A few to more than 100 color zones have been identified in some mica crystals. The zones are well correlated with the Ti content (<0.2 wt. % TiO2 colorless, 0.4-0.6 wt.% TiO2 red-brown). The total Fe content may or may not correlate with color zoning, whereas Zn variations (up to 1.1 wt. %) are entirely independent. The dark color zones probably reflect Fe-Ti charge transfer. The mica composition sequence described here is typical of the extreme fractionation observed in pegmatites of the NYF family, associated with anorogenic granites. Elevated Fe, Zn, and enhanced Sc contents are characteristic of this family. Strong enrichment in Li, Rb, and F is present, particularly in the micas of the miarolitic cavities. Sharp color zonation and compositional variation in cavity-grown zinnwaldite and ferroan lepidolite crystals suggest rapid changes in the intensive parameters, particularly the f(O-2), of the parent fluid during the final stages of pegmatite consolidation C1 US GEOL SURVEY,CENT MINERAL RESOURCES BRANCH,DENVER,CO 80225. UNIV MANITOBA,DEPT GEOL SCI,WINNIPEG,MB R3T 2N2,CANADA. US GEOL SURVEY,GEOCHEM BRANCH,DENVER,CO 80225. US GEOL SURVEY,GEOPHYS BRANCH,DENVER,CO 80225. TOPOMETR,BEDMINISTER,PA. RI Sherman, David/A-7538-2008 OI Sherman, David/0000-0003-1835-6470 NR 54 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0930-0708 J9 MINER PETROL JI Mineral. Petrol. PY 1995 VL 55 IS 1-3 BP 1 EP 26 DI 10.1007/BF01162576 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA TD422 UT WOS:A1995TD42200002 ER PT S AU Misut, P AF Misut, P BE Wagner, BJ Illangasekare, TH Jensen, KH TI Techniques of contributing-area delineation for analysis of nonpoint-source contamination of Long Island, New York SO MODELS FOR ASSESSING AND MONITORING GROUNDWATER QUALITY SE IAHS PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Models for Assessing and Monitoring Groundwater Quality, at the XXI Assembly of the International-Union-of-Geodesy-and-Geophysics CY JUL 02-14, 1995 CL BOULDER, CO SP Int Union Geodesy & Geophys, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Commiss Groundwater, World Meteorol Org C1 US GEOL SURVEY,CORAM,NY 11727. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD, ENGLAND OX10 8BB SN 0144-7815 BN 0-947571-39-6 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 1995 IS 227 BP 31 EP 37 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BF19F UT WOS:A1995BF19F00004 ER PT S AU Dubrovsky, NM Burow, KR Gronberg, JAM AF Dubrovsky, NM Burow, KR Gronberg, JAM BE Wagner, BJ Illangasekare, TH Jensen, KH TI Effects of two contrasting agricultural land uses on shallow groundwater quality in the San Joaquin Valley, California: Design and preliminary interpretation SO MODELS FOR ASSESSING AND MONITORING GROUNDWATER QUALITY SE IAHS PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Models for Assessing and Monitoring Groundwater Quality, at the XXI Assembly of the International-Union-of-Geodesy-and-Geophysics CY JUL 02-14, 1995 CL BOULDER, CO SP Int Union Geodesy & Geophys, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Commiss Groundwater, World Meteorol Org C1 US GEOL SURVEY,SACRAMENTO,CA 95825. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD, ENGLAND OX10 8BB SN 0144-7815 BN 0-947571-39-6 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 1995 IS 227 BP 49 EP 58 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BF19F UT WOS:A1995BF19F00006 ER PT S AU Barlow, P Wagner, B Belitz, K AF Barlow, P Wagner, B Belitz, K BE Wagner, BJ Illangasekare, TH Jensen, KH TI Optimal pumping strategies for managing shallow, poor-quality groundwater, western San Joaquin Valley, California SO MODELS FOR ASSESSING AND MONITORING GROUNDWATER QUALITY SE IAHS PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Models for Assessing and Monitoring Groundwater Quality, at the XXI Assembly of the International-Union-of-Geodesy-and-Geophysics CY JUL 02-14, 1995 CL BOULDER, CO SP Int Union Geodesy & Geophys, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Commiss Groundwater, World Meteorol Org C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MARLBOROUGH,MA 01752. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD, ENGLAND OX10 8BB SN 0144-7815 BN 0-947571-39-6 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 1995 IS 227 BP 141 EP 148 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BF19F UT WOS:A1995BF19F00017 ER PT B AU Malcolm, RL Croue, JP Martin, B AF Malcolm, RL Croue, JP Martin, B BE Grimvall, A deLeer, EWB TI Isolation of XAD-4 acids from natural waters and their importance as precursors to TOX and THM upon chlorination SO NATURALLY-PRODUCED ORGANOHALOGENS SE ENVIRONMENT & CHEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Naturally-Produced Organohalogens CY SEP 14-17, 1994 CL TNO, DELFT, NETHERLANDS HO TNO C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-3435-3 J9 ENVIRON CHEM PY 1995 VL 1 BP 67 EP 81 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BE51P UT WOS:A1995BE51P00005 ER PT J AU Dieterich, JH AF Dieterich, J. H. TI Earthquake simulations with time-dependent nucleation and long-range interactions SO NONLINEAR PROCESSES IN GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article AB A model for rapid simulation of earthquake sequences is introduced which incorporates long-range elastic interactions among fault elements and time-dependent earthquake nucleation inferred from experimentally derived rate- and state-dependent fault constitutive properties. The model consists of a planar two-dimensional fault surface which is periodic in both the x- and y-directions. Elastic interactions among fault elements are represented by an array of elastic dislocations. Approximate solutions for earthquake nucleation and dynamics of earthquake slip are introduced which permit computations to proceed in steps that are determined by the transitions from one sliding state to the next. The transition-driven time stepping and avoidance of systems of simultaneous equations permit rapid simulation of large sequences of earthquake events on computers of modest capacity, while preserving characteristics of the nucleation and rupture propagation processes evident in more detailed models. Earthquakes simulated with this model reproduce many of the observed spatial and temporal characteristics of clustering phenomena including foreshock and aftershock sequences. Clustering arises because the time dependence of the nucleation process is highly sensitive to stress perturbations caused by nearby earthquakes. Rate of earthquake activity following a prior earthquake decays according to Omori's aftershock decay law and falls off with distance. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Dieterich, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS-977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. FU program on Spatially Extended Nonequilibrium Systems FX A portion of this work was carried out while visiting the University of California, Santa Barbara, Institute for Theoretical Physics under the sponsorship of the program on Spatially Extended Nonequilibrium Systems. I thank J. Langer, J. Rice and L. Knopoff for stimulating discussions. J. Andrews, W. Stuart and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on this paper. NR 33 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1023-5809 J9 NONLINEAR PROC GEOPH JI Nonlinear Process Geophys. PY 1995 VL 2 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 109 EP 120 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V23NF UT WOS:000208348800002 ER PT J AU Duncan, DC Swanson, VE AF Duncan, DC Swanson, VE TI Oil shale in the 21st century SO OIL SHALE LA English DT Editorial Material RP Duncan, DC (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST CHEMISTRY PI TALLINN PA AKADEEMIA RD, 15, TALLINN, ESTONIA EE0026 SN 0208-189X J9 OIL SHALE JI Oil Shale PY 1995 VL 12 IS 4 BP 273 EP 274 PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA TU705 UT WOS:A1995TU70500001 ER PT J AU PIERCE, BS EBLE, CF STANTON, RW AF PIERCE, BS EBLE, CF STANTON, RW TI COMPARISON OF THE PETROGRAPHY, PALYNOLOGY, AND PALEOBOTANY OF THE LITTLE FIRE CREEK COAL BED, SOUTHWESTERN VIRGINIA, USA SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Organic-Petrology CY OCT 09-13, 1993 CL UNIV OKLAHOMA, NORMAN, OK SP SOC ORGANIC PETROL HO UNIV OKLAHOMA DE COAL PALEOENVIRONMENT; PALEOMIRE; COAL PETROLOGY; PALYNOFLORA; COAL COMPOSITION; VIRGINIA ID CENTRAL APPALACHIAN BASIN; SWAMP; FACIES; USA; REPRODUCTION; ENVIRONMENTS; EURAMERICA AB Two continuous cores that penetrated the Lower Pennsylvanian Little Fin Creek coal bed in the Southwestern coal field in southwestern Virginia were sampled and X-ray radiographed to determine subunit distinctions. Comparison of petrographic, palynologic, and paleobotanic data from the same sample sets from the two cores allowed for comparison of compositional data within the Little Fire Creek coal bed. The proximate, petrographic, palynologic, and plant tissue data from two sets of samples indicate a high ash, gelocollinite- and liptinite-rich coal consisting of a relatively diverse paleoflora, including lycopsid trees, small lycopsids, tree ferns, small ferns, pteridosperms (seed ferns), and rare calamites and cordaites. The relatively very high ash yields (3-80 wt%), the relatively thin subunits (1-28 cm), and the large scale vertical variations in palynomorph floras suggest that the study area was at the edge of the paleopeat-forming environment. As a result, most of the compositional correspondences are among those components indicative of degradation or decomposition. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,KENTUCKY GEOL SURVEY,LEXINGTON,KY 40506. RP PIERCE, BS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR 956,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 22 IS 1 BP 51 EP 71 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA PQ833 UT WOS:A1995PQ83300007 ER PT J AU BARKER, CE BONE, Y AF BARKER, CE BONE, Y TI THE MINIMAL RESPONSE TO CONTACT-METAMORPHISM BY THE DEVONIAN BUCHAN CAVES LIMESTONE, BUCHAN RIFT, VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Organic-Petrology CY OCT 09-13, 1993 CL UNIV OKLAHOMA, NORMAN, OK SP SOC ORGANIC PETROL HO UNIV OKLAHOMA DE BITUMEN REFLECTANCE; FLUID INCLUSIONS; DIKE; BUCHAN RIFT AUSTRALIA; CONTACT METAMORPHISM; GEOTHERMOMETRY; DEVONIAN LIMESTONE ID VITRINITE REFLECTANCE; TEMPERATURE; MATURATION; ROCKS AB A 2.2 m thick, Late Eocene (?) dike that intruded the Devonian Buchan Caves Limestone, near Murrindal, Victoria, has produced a narrow contact aureole only centimeters wide in the adjacent host rock. Mean solid bitumen reflectance ranges from about 2.4 to 2.7% and shows little change up to 6m away from the dike contact. Carbon and oxygen isotope values also show little change except at the dike contact. The most detectable response of the rock to contact metamorphism is the proportion of solid bitumen grains with finely granular mosaic structure increase towards the dike. Also under cathodoluminescence (CL) excitation, the host rock is initially observed to be recrystallized to a uniform bright orange color. By 1 cm away from the contact, however, CL shows preservation of sharp boundaries in finely zoned burial cements. A regional study of thermal maturation and a geothermometer based on solid bitumen reflectance indicate paleotemperatures near 200 degrees C were widespread in the Buchan Rift during peak burial near the time of the Devonian Tabberabberan Deformation, The lack of response of the Buchan Caves Limestone to contact metamorphism is attributed to: (1) prior heating to near 200 degrees C; and (2) the fact that the dike intruded into cool, near surface, low-porosity rocks which may have been in the vadose zone. C1 UNIV ADELAIDE, DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS, ADELAIDE, SA 5005, AUSTRALIA. RP BARKER, CE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, BOX 25046, DENVER, CO 80225 USA. NR 54 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 22 IS 1 BP 151 EP 164 DI 10.1016/0146-6380(94)00041-7 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA PQ833 UT WOS:A1995PQ83300013 ER PT B AU Goldfarb, R Skinner, D Christie, A Haeussler, P Bradley, D AF Goldfarb, R Skinner, D Christie, A Haeussler, P Bradley, D BE Mauk, JL StGeorge, JD TI Mesothermal gold deposits of Westland, New Zealand and southern Alaska: Products of similar tectonic processes? SO PACRIM CONGRESS 1995 - EXPLORING THE RIM SE AUSTRALASIAN INSTITUTE OF MINING AND METALLURGY PUBLICATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1995 PACRIM Congress on Exploring the RIM CY NOV 19-22, 1995 CL AUCKLAND, NEW ZEALAND SP Australasian Inst Min & Met, Macraes Min Co Ltd, CRA Ltd, Heritage Min NL, Highlands Gold Ltd, NZ, Broken Hill Proprietary Co Ltd, JB Were & Son, DML Resources Ltd, Inst Geol & Nucl Sci, Comalco New Zealand Ltd, Dunlop Skega, North Ltd, Pancontinental Min Ltd, Simpson Grierson, Summit Gold NL, Waihi Gold Min Co Ltd, Woodward Clyde Ltd, NZ, Air New Zealand, Gold Min J & Paydirt, Mobil Oil New Zealand Ltd DE Mesothermal gold; Alaska; New Zealand; Westland; tectonic setting C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AUSTRALASIAN INST MINING & METALLURGY PI PARKVILLE VICTORIA PA CLUNIES ROSS HOUSE 191 ROYAL PARADE, PARKVILLE VICTORIA 3052, AUSTRALIA BN 1-875776-31-1 J9 AUSTRALAS I MIN MET PY 1995 VL 95 IS 9 BP 239 EP 244 PG 6 WC Mining & Mineral Processing SC Mining & Mineral Processing GA BE98S UT WOS:A1995BE98S00043 ER PT B AU Plumlee, GS Smith, KS AF Plumlee, GS Smith, KS BE Mauk, JL StGeorge, JD TI The underutilized role for economic geologists and environmental aspects of mineral-resource development SO PACRIM CONGRESS 1995 - EXPLORING THE RIM SE AUSTRALASIAN INSTITUTE OF MINING AND METALLURGY PUBLICATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1995 PACRIM Congress on Exploring the RIM CY NOV 19-22, 1995 CL AUCKLAND, NEW ZEALAND SP Australasian Inst Min & Met, Macraes Min Co Ltd, CRA Ltd, Heritage Min NL, Highlands Gold Ltd, NZ, Broken Hill Proprietary Co Ltd, JB Were & Son, DML Resources Ltd, Inst Geol & Nucl Sci, Comalco New Zealand Ltd, Dunlop Skega, North Ltd, Pancontinental Min Ltd, Simpson Grierson, Summit Gold NL, Waihi Gold Min Co Ltd, Woodward Clyde Ltd, NZ, Air New Zealand, Gold Min J & Paydirt, Mobil Oil New Zealand Ltd DE environment; metal mining; acid-mine drainage; Summitville C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,MS 973,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AUSTRALASIAN INST MINING & METALLURGY PI PARKVILLE VICTORIA PA CLUNIES ROSS HOUSE 191 ROYAL PARADE, PARKVILLE VICTORIA 3052, AUSTRALIA BN 1-875776-31-1 J9 AUSTRALAS I MIN MET PY 1995 VL 95 IS 9 BP 473 EP 478 PG 6 WC Mining & Mineral Processing SC Mining & Mineral Processing GA BE98S UT WOS:A1995BE98S00084 ER PT B AU Barron, J Cronin, T Dowsett, H Fleming, F Holtz, T Ishaman, S Poore, R Thompson, R Willard, D AF Barron, J Cronin, T Dowsett, H Fleming, F Holtz, T Ishaman, S Poore, R Thompson, R Willard, D BE Vrba, ES Denton, GH Partridge, TC Burckle, LH TI Middle Pliocene paleoenvironments of the Northern Hemisphere SO PALEOCLIMATE AND EVOLUTION, WITH EMPHASIS ON HUMAN ORIGINS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Paleoclimate and Evolution, with Emphasis on Human Origins CY MAY, 1993 CL AIRLIE, VA C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. OI Dowsett, Harry/0000-0003-1983-7524 NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU YALE UNIV PRESS PI NEW HAVEN PA 302 TEMPLE ST, NEW HAVEN, CT 06511 BN 0-300-06348-2 PY 1995 BP 197 EP 212 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Paleontology GA BG08V UT WOS:A1995BG08V00014 ER PT J AU POST, A AF POST, A TI ANNUAL AERIAL-PHOTOGRAPHY OF GLACIERS IN NORTHWEST NORTH-AMERICA - HOW IT ALL BEGAN AND ITS GOLDEN-AGE SO PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article RP POST, A (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,VASHON,WA 98070, USA. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU V H WINSTON & SONS INC PI SILVER SPRING PA 7961 EASTERN AVE, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 SN 0272-3646 J9 PHYS GEOGR JI Phys. Geogr. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 16 IS 1 BP 15 EP 26 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RM150 UT WOS:A1995RM15000003 ER PT J AU POST, A MOTYKA, RJ AF POST, A MOTYKA, RJ TI TAKU AND LE-CONTE GLACIERS, ALASKA - CALVING-SPEED CONTROL OF LATE-HOLOCENE ASYNCHRONOUS ADVANCES AND RETREATS SO PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID GREENLAND GLACIERS; FLUCTUATIONS; RECORD; LAKE AB Taku Glacier, Alaska, which until around 1950 calved icebergs into tidewater, has advanced 7.3 km since 1890, although all other valley glaciers in the immediate area have retreated. This anomalous advance generally has been attributed directly to climate. Meanwhile, the Le Conte Glacier, similar in physical setting to Taku, retreated 4 km between 1887 and 1963 and has since maintained this retracted position. During the recession the Le Conte carved icebergs in tidewater as much as 300 m deep. We propose that these asynchronous advances and retreats reflect changes in iceberg calving rates with time. The Taku has a high AAR (0.83) and its present advance is expected to continue, but at a diminishing rate as the glacier spreads out in the Taku River valley. Despite its exceptionally high AAR of 0.90, calving losses now balance the high flow rate of the Le Conte Glacier. No sustained advance can be expected until a terminal moraine shoal is constructed to inhibit calving. C1 ALASKA DIV GEOL & GEOPHYS SURVEYS,JUNEAU,AK 99801. RP POST, A (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,VASHON,WA 98070, USA. NR 51 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 6 PU V H WINSTON & SONS INC PI SILVER SPRING PA 7961 EASTERN AVE, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 SN 0272-3646 J9 PHYS GEOGR JI Phys. Geogr. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 16 IS 1 BP 59 EP 82 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RM150 UT WOS:A1995RM15000006 ER PT B AU Tosta, N AF Tosta, N BE Onsrud, HJ TI Data policies and the national spatial data infrastructure SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE ON LAW AND INFORMATION POLICY FOR SPATIAL DATABASES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Law and Information Policy for Spatial Databases CY OCT 28-29, 1994 CL ARIZONA STATE UNIV COLL LAW, CTR STUDY LAW SCI & TECHNOL, TEMPE, AZ SP Natl Ctr Geog Informat & Anal, Arizona State Univ Coll Law, Ctr Study Law Sci & Technol HO ARIZONA STATE UNIV COLL LAW, CTR STUDY LAW SCI & TECHNOL C1 US GEOL SURVEY,FED GEOG DATA COMM,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATIONAL CENTER GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION & ANALYSIS (NCGIA) PI ORONO PA 5711 BOARDMAN HALL UNIV MAINE, ORONO, ME 04469-5711 BN 0-9648267-0-4 PY 1995 BP 106 EP 113 PG 8 WC Geography; Information Science & Library Science; Law SC Geography; Information Science & Library Science; Government & Law GA BG52B UT WOS:A1995BG52B00012 ER PT J AU Schmidt, PR Petit, D AF Schmidt, PR Petit, D BE Eversole, AG TI Ecosystem management and migratory bird conservation: The vision, the progress, and the future SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORTY-NINTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE - SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION OF FISH AND WILDLIFE AGENCIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Conference of Southeastern-Association-of-Fish-and-Wildlife-Agencies CY SEP 23-27, 1995 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP SE Assoc Fish & Wildlife Agencies RP Schmidt, PR (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,MIGRATORY BIRD MANAGEMENT OFF,ARLINGTON SQ,SUITE 634,4401 N FAIRFAX DR,ARLINGTON,VA 22203, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION FISH & WILDLIFE AGENCIES (SEAFWA) PI BATON ROUGE PA C/O JOE J HERRING 102 RODNEY DR, BATON ROUGE, LA 70808 PY 1995 BP 6 EP 11 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Ornithology; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA BJ69N UT WOS:A1995BJ69N00002 ER PT B AU Seibert, SG AF Seibert, SG BE Eversole, AG TI Winter movements and denning of black bears in northwest Florida SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORTY-NINTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE - SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION OF FISH AND WILDLIFE AGENCIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Conference of Southeastern-Association-of-Fish-and-Wildlife-Agencies CY SEP 23-27, 1995 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP SE Assoc Fish & Wildlife Agencies AB Information on winter movements and denning of Florida black bears (Ursus americanus floridanus) is important to develop habitat management programs. I studied denning characteristics and winter movements of 13 radiocollared bears (9M, 4F) in the Apalachicola National Forest and surrounding timberlands of northwest Florida from 1990-91 to 1992-93. All monitored bears denned during the study Pregnant females entered dens earlier (P < 0.02), emerged later (P < 0.02), and denned longer (142 +/- 5 [SE] vs. 52 +/- 7 days) than other bears. Denning periods for pregnant females were similar to those reported from other Southeastern black bear populations. Males denned far short periods ((x) over bar = 51 +/- 8 days, N = 8). One male bear, which denned during winter 1991-92, remained active during winter 1992-93, using a range of 37 km(2). All males, even when they denned, ranged widely during winter ((x) over bar = 18 +/- 7 km(2)). Short denning periods and extensive winter movements are likely related to food availability mild climate, and possibly habitat quality. RP Seibert, SG (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,WHEELER NATL WILDLIFE REFUGE,ROUTE 4,BOX 250,DECATUR,AL 35603, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION FISH & WILDLIFE AGENCIES (SEAFWA) PI BATON ROUGE PA C/O JOE J HERRING 102 RODNEY DR, BATON ROUGE, LA 70808 PY 1995 BP 283 EP 291 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Ornithology; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA BJ69N UT WOS:A1995BJ69N00032 ER PT B AU Johnson, FA Brakhage, DH Turnbull, RE Montalbano, F AF Johnson, FA Brakhage, DH Turnbull, RE Montalbano, F BE Eversole, AG TI Variation in band-recovery and survival rates of mottled ducks in Florida SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORTY-NINTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE - SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION OF FISH AND WILDLIFE AGENCIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Conference of Southeastern-Association-of-Fish-and-Wildlife-Agencies CY SEP 23-27, 1995 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP SE Assoc Fish & Wildlife Agencies AB The failure to recognize heterogeneity in band-recovery and survival rates can lead to biased estimates and spurious inferences regarding population status. We examined band-recovery data for sources of variation in recovery and survival rates of mottled ducks (Alias fulvigula) in Florida. Distances between banding and recovery sites were small (median = 38 km), suggesting that mottled ducks live much of their lives within the same drainage basin. Recovery rates varied among regions of banding, perhaps because of spatial heterogeneity in band-reporting rates. Cohort-specific survival rates also may have varied by region, but data were inadequate to test these hypotheses. Fledged and unfledged young had similar recovery distributions and rates. Young of both sexes had higher recovery rates than adults, but age-specific survival differed only among males. Differences in recovery and survival rate estimates between sexes were small (<24%), consistent with reports for other waterfowl species that have long-lasting pair bonds. Temporal variation in recovery and survival rates was not related to restriction of hunting regulations, perhaps because of low statistical power (<0.3) and unmodeled geographic variation in recovery rates. C1 FLORIDA GAME & FRESH WATER FISH COMMISS,OKEECHOBEE,FL 34974. RP Johnson, FA (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,OFF MIGRATORY BIRD MANAGEMENT,11500 AMER HOLLY DR,LAUREL,MD 20708, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION FISH & WILDLIFE AGENCIES (SEAFWA) PI BATON ROUGE PA C/O JOE J HERRING 102 RODNEY DR, BATON ROUGE, LA 70808 PY 1995 BP 594 EP 606 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Ornithology; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA BJ69N UT WOS:A1995BJ69N00065 ER PT B AU STRAHLE, WJ MARTINI, MA AF STRAHLE, WJ MARTINI, MA BE Anderson, SP Appell, GF Williams, AJ TI EXTENDING AND EXPANDING THE LIFE OF OLDER CURRENT METERS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE FIFTH WORKING CONFERENCE ON CURRENT MEASUREMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 5th Working Conference on Current Measurement CY FEB 07-09, 1995 CL ST PETERSBURG, FL SP IEEE, OCEANIC ENGN SOC, CURRENT MEASUREMENT TECHNOL COMM C1 US GEOL SURVEY,ATLANTIC MARINE GEOL BRANCH,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-2437-4 PY 1995 BP 5 EP 9 DI 10.1109/CCM.1995.516141 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Instruments & Instrumentation; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BC86R UT WOS:A1995BC86R00001 ER PT B AU Lee, HJ AF Lee, HJ BE Buisson, L Brugnot, G TI Evidence of rapid gravitational mass movement on the submerged flanks of the Hawaiian Islands SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE "PIERRE BEGHIN" INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON RAPID GRAVITATIONAL MASS MOVEMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pierre Beghin International Workshop on Rapid Gravitational Mass Movements CY DEC 06-10, 1993 CL GRENOBLE, FRANCE SP Minist Environm, DRM, PGRN, RTM, GPEUS, Reg Rhone Alpes C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CEMAGREF EDITIONS PI ANTHONY CEDEX PA BP 22, 92162 ANTHONY CEDEX, FRANCE BN 2-85362-411-0 PY 1995 BP 191 EP 196 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geography; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geography; Geology GA BE68T UT WOS:A1995BE68T00018 ER PT S AU HASSIBE, WR AF HASSIBE, WR BE Haner, BE ODonnell, J TI The national performance review: A reinvention laboratory at the US Geological Survey - The future of information and product distribution SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-NINTH MEETING OF THE GEOSCIENCE INFORMATION SOCIETY: CHANGING GATEWAYS: THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON GEOSCIENCE INFORMATION EXCHANGE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOSCIENCE INFORMATION SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Meeting of the Geoscience-Information-Society on Changing Gateways - The Impact of Technology on Geoscience Information Exchange CY OCT 24-27, 1994 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Geosci Informat Soc C1 US GEOL SURVEY,NATL MAPPING DIV,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOSCIENCE INFORMATION SOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA AMERICAN GEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302 SN 0072-1409 BN 0-934485-23-2 J9 P GEOS INF PY 1995 VL 25 BP 33 EP 37 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BE21J UT WOS:A1995BE21J00004 ER PT S AU AARON, JM AF AARON, JM BE Haner, BE ODonnell, J TI Publishing in a digital world: The past is the key to the future SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-NINTH MEETING OF THE GEOSCIENCE INFORMATION SOCIETY: CHANGING GATEWAYS: THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON GEOSCIENCE INFORMATION EXCHANGE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOSCIENCE INFORMATION SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Meeting of the Geoscience-Information-Society on Changing Gateways - The Impact of Technology on Geoscience Information Exchange CY OCT 24-27, 1994 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Geosci Informat Soc C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOSCIENCE INFORMATION SOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA AMERICAN GEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302 SN 0072-1409 BN 0-934485-23-2 J9 P GEOS INF PY 1995 VL 25 BP 39 EP 44 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BE21J UT WOS:A1995BE21J00005 ER PT S AU BLAIR, NL AF BLAIR, NL BE Haner, BE ODonnell, J TI Improving bibliographical access to published geologic mapping by using online map indexes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-NINTH MEETING OF THE GEOSCIENCE INFORMATION SOCIETY: CHANGING GATEWAYS: THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON GEOSCIENCE INFORMATION EXCHANGE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOSCIENCE INFORMATION SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Meeting of the Geoscience-Information-Society on Changing Gateways - The Impact of Technology on Geoscience Information Exchange CY OCT 24-27, 1994 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Geosci Informat Soc C1 US GEOL SURVEY LIB,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOSCIENCE INFORMATION SOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA AMERICAN GEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302 SN 0072-1409 BN 0-934485-23-2 J9 P GEOS INF PY 1995 VL 25 BP 79 EP 82 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BE21J UT WOS:A1995BE21J00010 ER PT S AU BROWN, JL DUBIEL, RF SCHILLER, RJ AF BROWN, JL DUBIEL, RF SCHILLER, RJ BE Haner, BE ODonnell, J TI Cooperative geologic research in Canyonlands National Park, Utah SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-NINTH MEETING OF THE GEOSCIENCE INFORMATION SOCIETY: CHANGING GATEWAYS: THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON GEOSCIENCE INFORMATION EXCHANGE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOSCIENCE INFORMATION SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Meeting of the Geoscience-Information-Society on Changing Gateways - The Impact of Technology on Geoscience Information Exchange CY OCT 24-27, 1994 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Geosci Informat Soc C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOSCIENCE INFORMATION SOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA AMERICAN GEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302 SN 0072-1409 BN 0-934485-23-2 J9 P GEOS INF PY 1995 VL 25 BP 83 EP 88 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BE21J UT WOS:A1995BE21J00011 ER PT J AU LaRosa, AM Floyd, ML AF LaRosa, AM Floyd, ML BE Brown, JK Mutch, RW Spoon, CW Wakimoto, RH TI Predicting fire effects on rare plant taxa: A management perspective SO PROCEEDINGS: SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE IN WILDERNESS AND PARK MANAGEMENT SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management CY MAR 30-APR 01, 1993 CL MISSOULA, MT SP USDA, Forest Serv, Intermountain Res Stn C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,US DEPT INTERIOR,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1995 VL 320 BP 83 EP 88 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE68Q UT WOS:A1995BE68Q00019 ER PT J AU Leenhouts, B AF Leenhouts, B BE Brown, JK Mutch, RW Spoon, CW Wakimoto, RH TI US fish and wildlife service wilderness planning considerations SO PROCEEDINGS: SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE IN WILDERNESS AND PARK MANAGEMENT SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management CY MAR 30-APR 01, 1993 CL MISSOULA, MT SP USDA, Forest Serv, Intermountain Res Stn C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,BOISE,ID. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1995 VL 320 BP 124 EP 126 PG 3 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE68Q UT WOS:A1995BE68Q00029 ER PT B AU Shanks, L AF Shanks, L BE Foster, SQ Pas, S Rush, S Thorne, O TI The Endangered Species Act - Where is it going in USFWS region 6? SO PROCEEDINGS VI: ISSUES AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF IMPACTED WILDLIFE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 6th Symposium on Issues and Technology in the Management of Impacted Wildlife CY APR 06-08, 1994 CL GLENWOOD SPRINGS, CO SP Thorne Ecol Inst, Chevron US, Colorado Div Wildlife, Bio Resources Inc, BHP Minerals Int, Boulder Cty Pks & Open Space, JBR Environm Consultants C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,DENVER,CO. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU THRONE ECOLOGICAL INST PI BOULDER PA 5398 MANHATTAN CIRCLE, BOULDER, CO 80303 BN 0-916055-07-8 PY 1995 BP 17 EP 17 PG 1 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BE95R UT WOS:A1995BE95R00003 ER PT B AU Jackson, UT AF Jackson, UT BE Foster, SQ Pas, S Rush, S Thorne, O TI A USFWS approach to working out settlements for restoration of natural resources injured by hazardous materials SO PROCEEDINGS VI: ISSUES AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF IMPACTED WILDLIFE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 6th Symposium on Issues and Technology in the Management of Impacted Wildlife CY APR 06-08, 1994 CL GLENWOOD SPRINGS, CO SP Thorne Ecol Inst, Chevron US, Colorado Div Wildlife, Bio Resources Inc, BHP Minerals Int, Boulder Cty Pks & Open Space, JBR Environm Consultants C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,DENVER,CO. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU THRONE ECOLOGICAL INST PI BOULDER PA 5398 MANHATTAN CIRCLE, BOULDER, CO 80303 BN 0-916055-07-8 PY 1995 BP 62 EP 62 PG 1 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BE95R UT WOS:A1995BE95R00017 ER PT B AU Haukos, D AF Haukos, D BE Foster, SQ Pas, S Rush, S Thorne, O TI Management of playa wetlands impacted by agriculture SO PROCEEDINGS VI: ISSUES AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF IMPACTED WILDLIFE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Symposium on Issues and Technology in the Management of Impacted Wildlife CY APR 06-08, 1994 CL GLENWOOD SPRINGS, CO SP Thorne Ecol Inst, Chevron US, Colorado Div Wildlife, Bio Resources Inc, BHP Minerals Int, Boulder Cty Pks & Open Space, JBR Environm Consultants C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,DEPT RANGE & WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU THRONE ECOLOGICAL INST PI BOULDER PA 5398 MANHATTAN CIRCLE, BOULDER, CO 80303 BN 0-916055-07-8 PY 1995 BP 110 EP 113 PG 4 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BE95R UT WOS:A1995BE95R00033 ER PT J AU BROWN, DR SHRABLE, JB AF BROWN, DR SHRABLE, JB TI USE OF SALINE SOLUTIONS AS FERTILIZATION MEDIA FOR ARCTIC GRAYLING GAMETES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON EMBRYO SURVIVAL SO PROGRESSIVE FISH-CULTURIST LA English DT Note AB Saline diluents improve the fertilization success for several cultured salmonid species. In this investigation, success in fertilizing ova of Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) was enhanced by the use of diluents containing 0.50-1.00% salt compared with fertilization in lake water. We recommend the use of a saline diluent during fertilization as a routine practice for artificial insemination of Arctic grayling ova. RP BROWN, DR (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ENNIS NATL FISH HATCHERY,180 FISH HATCHERY RD,ENNIS,MT 59729, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0033-0779 J9 PROG FISH CULT JI Progress. Fish-Cult. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 57 IS 1 BP 91 EP 92 DI 10.1577/1548-8640(1995)057<0091:UOSSAF>2.3.CO;2 PG 2 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA QG592 UT WOS:A1995QG59200013 ER PT J AU MADOLE, RF AF MADOLE, RF TI SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL PATTERNS OF LATE QUATERNARY EOLIAN DEPOSITION, EASTERN COLORADO, USA SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID AGE; DUNES AB Eolian sediment covers about 60% of Colorado east of the Rocky Mountains; about 30% of the sediment is sand and 70% is loess. Initially, flood plains were the principal sources of eolian sediment, but during the Holocene, dunes formed from older eolian sand and alluvium on uplands. Since latest Pleistocene time, dominant dune-forming winds have been northwesterly in the northern part of the region and southwesterly in the southern part. At present, sand sheets and dunes, mainly parabolic types, are stable and covered with vegetation. In dunes, sand is commonly 20-30 m thick but elsewhere averages < 10 m. Three sand units are recognized on the basis of bedforms, topographic expression, and soil development. Preliminary age limits for the three units, based on 26 numerical ages, are 22.5-9 ka, 8-1 ka, and 1.0-0.15 ka. The middle unit is the product of multiple episodes of eolian activity that are not yet accurately dated. Loess is widespread but thin (generally < 2.4 m). Three units - middle Pleistocene, late Pleistocene, and Holocene - are recognized on the basis of differences in soil-profile development and stratigraphic position; late Pleistocene loess is by far the most common loess. RP MADOLE, RF (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,BOX 25046,MS 966,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 56 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PY 1995 VL 14 IS 2 BP 155 EP 177 DI 10.1016/0277-3791(95)00005-A PG 23 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA QX257 UT WOS:A1995QX25700005 ER PT J AU TANAKA, K MACHETTE, MN CRONE, AJ BOWMAN, JR AF TANAKA, K MACHETTE, MN CRONE, AJ BOWMAN, JR TI ESR DATING OF AEOLIAN SAND NEAR TENNANT CREEK, NORTHERN-TERRITORY, AUSTRALIA SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article AB Electron-spin resonance (ESR) dating of aeolian sand in the Northern Territory of Australia was carried out using the Al centres in quartz grains as part of an attempt to date prehistoric faulting associated with the 1988 Tennant Creek earthquakes. Our experiments on optical bleaching of ESR (electron spin resonance) signals show that sunlight does not completely bleach the ESR signal from the Al centre of quartz grains in this aeolian sand. The total doses were determined from the acquired ESR signal intensity, however, a correction to compensate for partial bleaching and the resultant inherited residual ESR signal, has to be carried out. By using this technique, the ESR age estimates an increase with depth, which suggests that nearly complete optical bleaching has occurred through this slice of geologic time. For age estimates younger than 50 ka, the ESR ages are in generally good agreement with independently determined TL (thermoluminescence) data; beyond 50 ka, the ESR ages are systematically older than the TL ages. The oldest ESR age estimate of 160.0 +/- 5.9 ka is from a sample at 228 cm depth and ESR results from the vertical samplings yield an apparent sedimentation rate of 2.6 cm/ka. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,ARLINGTON,VA. RP TANAKA, K (reprint author), CENT RES INST ELECT POWER IND,ABIKO 1646,CHIBA,JAPAN. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PY 1995 VL 14 IS 4 BP 385 EP 393 DI 10.1016/0277-3791(95)00032-1 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA RY437 UT WOS:A1995RY43700005 ER PT J AU MANN, DH HAMILTON, TD AF MANN, DH HAMILTON, TD TI LATE PLEISTOCENE AND HOLOCENE PALEOENVIRONMENTS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC COAST SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID CORDILLERAN ICE-SHEET; LATE WISCONSIN GLACIATION; QUEEN-CHARLOTTE-ISLANDS; SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA; YOUNGER DRYAS EVENT; SEA-LEVEL RECORD; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; NORTHWESTERN ALASKA; LAST GLACIATION; VEGETATION HISTORY AB Unlike the North Atlantic, the North Pacific Ocean probably remained free of sea ice during the last glacial maximum (LGM), 22,000 to 17,000 BP. Following a eustatic low in sea level of ca. -120 m at 19,000 BP, a marine transgression had flooded the Bering and Chukchi shelves by 10,000 BP. Post-glacial sea-level history varied widely in other parts of the North Pacific coastline according to the magnitude and timing of local tectonism and glacio-isostatic rebound. Glaciers covered much of the continental shelf between the Alaska Peninsula and British Columbia during the LGM. Maximum glacier extent during the LGM was out of phase between southern Alaska and southern British Columbia with northern glaciers reaching their outer Limits earlier, between 23,000 and 16,000 BP, compared to 15,000-14,000 BP in the south. Glacier retreat was also time-transgressive, with glaciers retreating from the continental shelf of southern Alaska before 16,000 BP but not until 14,000-13,000 BP in southwestern British Columbia. Major climatic transitions occurred in the North Pacific at 24,000-22,000, 15,000-13,000 and 11,000-9000 BP. Rapid climate changes occurred within these intervals, including a possible Younger Dryas episode. An interval of climate warmer and drier than today occurred in the early Holocene. Cooler and wetter conditions accompanied widespread Neoglaciation, beginning in some mountain ranges as early as the middle Holocene, but reaching full development after 3000 BP. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,ANCHORAGE,AK 99508. RP MANN, DH (reprint author), UNIV ALASKA,ALASKA QUATERNARY CTR,907 YUKON DR,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775, USA. NR 215 TC 152 Z9 155 U1 0 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PY 1995 VL 14 IS 5 BP 449 EP 471 DI 10.1016/0277-3791(95)00016-I PG 23 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA TB362 UT WOS:A1995TB36200001 ER PT J AU BISCHOFF, JL ROSENBAUER, RJ MOENCH, AF KU, TL AF BISCHOFF, JL ROSENBAUER, RJ MOENCH, AF KU, TL TI U-SERIES AGE EQUATIONS FOR URANIUM ASSIMILATION BY FOSSIL BONES SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE URANIUM-SERIES DATING; OPEN SYSTEM; FOSSIL BONE; ARCHAEOLOGICAL DATING ID TOOTH ENAMEL; RESONANCE AB Because of the general abundance of fossil bone in archeological deposits, U-series chronologists are often forced to resort to bone studies in the absence of more reliable material such as authigenic carbonate. Bone is less reliable than authigenic phases because living bone contains no uranium, and fossil bone readily acquires uranium post-depositionally, In the ideal case, uranium is assimilated into bone from soil fluids soon after burial in early uptake (EU), and the bone remains a closed system thereafter. At the other extreme is a gradual, linear uptake of uranium (LU) in which the bone assimilates uranium more or less continuously with time. We derive age equations and nomographs for both the LU process and for the special case of EU followed by linear uptake of U-234 to provide semi-quantitative upper limits on the age of many fossil bones. The equations show that LU ages are about twice the EU ages for EU ages up to about 50 kyrs, are about 2.5 times mid-range EU dates, and approaching about 3 times EU as isotopic equilibrium is approached. Thus the Limit of LU dates is on the order of 1 my compared to about 350 kyrs for EU. Ages calculated for the linear uptake of U-234 increases the EU dates by only 10% for EU dates up to about 50 kyrs, increasing to 50% in mid-range, and approaches 100% as isotopic equilibrium is approached. C1 UNIV SO CALIF,DEPT EARTH SCI,LOS ANGELES,CA 90089. RP BISCHOFF, JL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 25 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH 80 PA ROSENHEIMER STR 145 POSTFACH 801360, W-8000 MUNICH 80, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 1995 VL 69 IS 2 BP 127 EP 135 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA RT589 UT WOS:A1995RT58900009 ER PT J AU RUNNING, SW LOVELAND, TR PIERCE, LL NEMANI, R HUNT, ER AF RUNNING, SW LOVELAND, TR PIERCE, LL NEMANI, R HUNT, ER TI A REMOTE-SENSING BASED VEGETATION CLASSIFICATION LOGIC FOR GLOBAL LAND-COVER ANALYSIS SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ISLSCP (International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project) Workshop CY JUN 23-26, 1992 CL COLUMBIA, MD ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; LEAF LIFE-SPAN; BIOME MODEL; AVHRR DATA; INDEX; BIOSPHERE; CLIMATE; HETEROGENEITY; ECOSYSTEM AB This article proposes a simple new logic for classifying global vegetation. The critical features of this classification are that 1) it is based on simple, observable, unambiguous characteristics of vegetation structure that are important to ecosystem biogeochemistry and can be measured in the field for validation, 2) the structural characteristics are remotely sensible so that repeatable and efficient global reclassifications of existing vegetation will be possible, and 3) the defined vegetation classes directly translate into the biophysical parameters of interest by global climate and biogeochemical models. A first test of this logic for the continental United States is presented based on an existing 1 km AVHRR normalized difference vegetation index database. Procedures for solving critical remote sensing problems needed to implement the classification are discussed. Also, some inferences from this classification to advanced vegetation biophysical variables such as specific leaf area and photosynthetic capacity useful to global biogeochemical modeling are suggested. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,EROS DATA CTR,SIOUX FALLS,SD. RP RUNNING, SW (reprint author), UNIV MONTANA,SCH FORESTRY,MISSOULA,MT 59812, USA. NR 37 TC 144 Z9 173 U1 6 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL CO INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 51 IS 1 BP 39 EP 48 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(94)00063-S PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA QF362 UT WOS:A1995QF36200004 ER PT J AU REYNOLDS, RL KING, JW AF REYNOLDS, RL KING, JW TI MAGNETIC RECORDS OF CLIMATE-CHANGE SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review ID LOESS-PALEOSOL SEQUENCE; NORTHWEST PACIFIC-OCEAN; CHINESE LOESS; SUSCEPTIBILITY RECORD; LATE PLEISTOCENE; LATE QUATERNARY; SEDIMENTS; ATLANTIC; PLATEAU; PEDOGENESIS C1 UNIV RHODE ISL,GRAD SCH OCEANOG,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882. RP REYNOLDS, RL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS 964,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 88 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 8755-1209 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PY 1995 VL 33 SU S BP 101 EP 110 DI 10.1029/95RG00354 PN 1 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA RJ507 UT WOS:A1995RJ50700016 ER PT J AU WHITE, AF AF WHITE, AF TI APPLICATIONS OF MINERAL SURFACE-CHEMISTRY TO ENVIRONMENTAL-PROBLEMS SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; WATER INTERFACE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; DISSOLUTION KINETICS; NATURAL-WATERS; SOLID-SOLUTION; 001 SURFACES; SORPTION; ADSORPTION; COPRECIPITATION RP US GEOL SURVEY, DIV WATER RESOURCES, MS 420, 345 MIDDLEFIELD RD, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 8755-1209 EI 1944-9208 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PY 1995 VL 33 SU S BP 111 EP 115 DI 10.1029/95RG00878 PN 1 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA RJ507 UT WOS:A1995RJ50700017 ER PT J AU RAYMOND, CA BLAKELY, RJ AF RAYMOND, CA BLAKELY, RJ TI CRUSTAL MAGNETIC-ANOMALIES SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; EAST PACIFIC RISE; RIFT SYSTEM; MAGSAT; DISCONTINUITIES; CONTRAST; FIELD; SEISMICITY; CONTINENT; FEATURES C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP RAYMOND, CA (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,MS 183-501,4800 OAK GROVE DR,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 8755-1209 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PY 1995 VL 33 SU S BP 177 EP 183 DI 10.1029/95RG00444 PN 1 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA RJ507 UT WOS:A1995RJ50700026 ER PT J AU PHILLIPS, JD FITTERMAN, DV AF PHILLIPS, JD FITTERMAN, DV TI ENVIRONMENTAL GEOPHYSICS SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review ID ELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY; CASE-HISTORY; TOMOGRAPHY; REFLECTION; AQUIFERS RP PHILLIPS, JD (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,MS 964,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 85 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 8755-1209 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PY 1995 VL 33 SU S BP 185 EP 193 DI 10.1029/95RG00282 PN 1 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA RJ507 UT WOS:A1995RJ50700027 ER PT J AU ABBOTT, D MOONEY, W AF ABBOTT, D MOONEY, W TI THE STRUCTURAL AND GEOCHEMICAL EVOLUTION OF THE CONTINENTAL-CRUST - SUPPORT FOR THE OCEANIC PLATEAU MODEL OF CONTINENTAL GROWTH SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review ID ARCHEAN-PROTEROZOIC BOUNDARY; WEST-AFRICAN CRATON; ISLAND-ARC; SLAVE PROVINCE; SUPERIOR PROVINCE; GREENSTONE-BELT; MANTLE PLUME; 2.1 GA; ACCRETION; BASALTS C1 US GEOL SURVEY, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. RP LAMONT DOHERTY EARTH OBSERV, PALISADES, NY 10964 USA. OI Abbott, Dallas/0000-0003-4713-6098 NR 103 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 8755-1209 EI 1944-9208 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PY 1995 VL 33 SU S BP 231 EP 242 PN 1 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA RJ507 UT WOS:A1995RJ50700033 ER PT J AU HUDNUT, KW AF HUDNUT, KW TI EARTHQUAKE GEODESY AND HAZARD MONITORING SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review ID GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; LOMA-PRIETA EARTHQUAKE; 28 JUNE 1992; CRUSTAL DEFORMATION; CENTRAL JAPAN; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; SURFACE DEFORMATION; LANDER EARTHQUAKE; SUBDUCTION ZONE; EPICENTRAL AREA RP HUDNUT, KW (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,EARTHQUAKE GEOL & GEOPHYS BRANCH,525 SO WILSON AVE,PASADENA,CA 91106, USA. RI Hudnut, Kenneth/B-1945-2009; Hudnut, Kenneth/G-5713-2010 OI Hudnut, Kenneth/0000-0002-3168-4797; NR 92 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 8755-1209 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PY 1995 VL 33 SU S BP 249 EP 255 DI 10.1029/95RG00406 PN 1 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA RJ507 UT WOS:A1995RJ50700035 ER PT J AU MORI, J AF MORI, J TI VOLCANO SEISMOLOGY, HAZARDS ASSESSMENT SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review ID LONG-VALLEY-CALDERA; MOUNT-ST-HELENS; SITE AMPLIFICATION; KILAUEA VOLCANO; SEISMIC-WAVES; 1991 ERUPTION; REAL-TIME; CALIFORNIA; HAWAII; TREMOR RP MORI, J (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,525 S WILSON AVE,PASADENA,CA 91106, USA. NR 86 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 8755-1209 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PY 1995 VL 33 SU S BP 263 EP 267 DI 10.1029/95RG00442 PN 1 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA RJ507 UT WOS:A1995RJ50700037 ER PT J AU KIRBY, S AF KIRBY, S TI INTERSLAB EARTHQUAKES AND PHASE-CHANGES IN SUBDUCTING LITHOSPHERE SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review ID DEEP-FOCUS EARTHQUAKES; METASTABLE OLIVINE; SEISMIC MOMENTS; KANTO DISTRICT; OCEANIC-CRUST; HIGH-PRESSURE; ISLAND ARCS; MANTLE; ZONE; PACIFIC RP US GEOL SURVEY, 345 MIDDLEFIELD RD, MS 977, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. NR 116 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 8755-1209 EI 1944-9208 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PY 1995 VL 33 SU S BP 287 EP 297 DI 10.1029/95RG00353 PN 1 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA RJ507 UT WOS:A1995RJ50700041 ER PT J AU BROCHER, TM AF BROCHER, TM TI DEEP-CRUSTAL SEISMOLOGY OF CONTINENTAL MARGINS SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review ID CENTRAL CALIFORNIA MARGIN; SEISMIC REFRACTION DATA; SANTA-MARIA BASIN; RICA ACCRETIONARY PRISM; COPPER RIVER BASIN; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; PASSIVE MARGIN; CHUGACH MOUNTAINS; SOUTHERN ALASKA; ATLANTIC MARGIN RP BROCHER, TM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS 977,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. OI Brocher, Thomas/0000-0002-9740-839X NR 67 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 8755-1209 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PY 1995 VL 33 SU S BP 309 EP 314 DI 10.1029/95RG00109 PN 1 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA RJ507 UT WOS:A1995RJ50700043 ER PT J AU WINTER, TC AF WINTER, TC TI RECENT ADVANCES IN UNDERSTANDING THE INTERACTION OF GROUNDWATER AND SURFACE-WATER SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review ID STREAM-AQUIFER SYSTEM; BASE-FLOW; HYPORHEIC ZONE; AUTOMATED TECHNIQUES; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; RECESSION ANALYSES; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; MOUNTAIN STREAM; NONPOINT-SOURCE; DOMINATED LAKE C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 132 TC 66 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 27 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 8755-1209 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PY 1995 VL 33 SU S BP 985 EP 994 DI 10.1029/95RG00115 PN 2 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA RJ509 UT WOS:A1995RJ50900026 ER PT J AU WAGNER, BJ AF WAGNER, BJ TI RECENT ADVANCES IN SIMULATION OPTIMIZATION GROUNDWATER-MANAGEMENT MODELING SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review ID AQUIFER REMEDIATION; QUALITY MANAGEMENT; TRANSPORT MODEL; UNCERTAINTY; CONTAMINATION; DESIGN; APPROXIMATIONS; INFORMATION; SYSTEMS RP WAGNER, BJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MS 421,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 46 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 8755-1209 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PY 1995 VL 33 SU S BP 1021 EP 1028 DI 10.1029/95RG00394 PN 2 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA RJ509 UT WOS:A1995RJ50900030 ER PT J AU RUSSELL, TF AF RUSSELL, TF TI MODELING OF MULTIPHASE MULTICONTAMINANT TRANSPORT IN THE SUBSURFACE SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review ID NONAQUEOUS-PHASE LIQUID; HETEROGENEOUS POROUS-MEDIA; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; CONSERVATIVE NUMERICAL-SOLUTION; DENSE CHLORINATED SOLVENTS; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; UNSATURATED FLOW THEORY; MASS-TRANSFER; 2-PHASE FLOW; GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. RP RUSSELL, TF (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,CTR COMPUTAT MATH,POB 173364,CAMPUS BOX 170,DENVER,CO, USA. NR 109 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 8755-1209 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PY 1995 VL 33 SU S BP 1035 EP 1047 DI 10.1029/95RG00289 PN 2 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA RJ509 UT WOS:A1995RJ50900032 ER PT J AU COHN, TA AF COHN, TA TI RECENT ADVANCES IN STATISTICAL-METHODS FOR THE ESTIMATION OF SEDIMENT AND NUTRIENT TRANSPORT IN RIVERS SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review ID TRANSFER-FUNCTION MODELS; CONSTITUENT LOADS; PROGLACIAL STREAM; RATING CURVES; PREDICTION; BIAS RP US GEOL SURVEY, SYST ANAL BRANCH, MS 410, RESTON, VA 22092 USA. NR 55 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 8755-1209 EI 1944-9208 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PY 1995 VL 33 SU S BP 1117 EP 1123 DI 10.1029/95RG00292 PN 2 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA RJ509 UT WOS:A1995RJ50900040 ER PT B AU WIECZOREK, GF NISHENKO, SP VARNES, DJ AF WIECZOREK, GF NISHENKO, SP VARNES, DJ BE Daemen, JJK Schultz, RA TI Analysis of rock falls in the Yosemite Valley, California SO ROCK MECHANICS - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 35TH U.S. SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th US Symposium on Rock Mechanics CY JUN 05-07, 1995 CL UNIV NEVADA, MACKAY SCH MINES, RENO, NV SP US Natl Comm Rock Mech, Exxon Prod Res Co, Natl Sci Fdn, Univ Nevada, Reno HO UNIV NEVADA, MACKAY SCH MINES C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 1675, 3000 BR ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-552-6 PY 1995 BP 85 EP 89 PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA BD52Q UT WOS:A1995BD52Q00011 ER PT B AU WILLIAMS, SJ RENDIGS, RR AF WILLIAMS, SJ RENDIGS, RR BE Tait, LS TI The US Geological Survey National Marine and Coastal Geology Program SO SAND WARS, SAND SHORTAGES & SAND-HOLDING STRUCTURES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th National Conference on Beach Preservation Technology CY JAN 25-27, 1995 CL ST PETERSBURG, FL SP Florida Shore & Beach Preservat Assoc, Univ Florida, Coastal Engn Dept, USA, Army Corps Engineers, Amer Shore & Beach Preservat Assoc, Florida Inst Technol, Florida Sea Grant Program, S Carolina Sea Grant Consortium, S Carolina Shore & Beach Preservat Assoc, Texas Gen Land Off, Univ S Florida C1 US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR 914,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA SHORE & BEACH PRESERVATION ASSOCIATION PI TALLAHASSEE PA 864 EAST PARK AVE, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32301 PY 1995 BP 17 EP 25 PG 3 WC Engineering, Marine; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA BD74C UT WOS:A1995BD74C00002 ER PT B AU Nordstrom, DK Alpers, CN AF Nordstrom, DK Alpers, CN BE Hynes, TP Blanchette, MC TI Remedial investigations, decisions, and geochemical consequences at Iron Mountain mine, California SO SUDBURY '95 - MINING AND THE ENVIRONMENT, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Mining and the Environment (Sudbury 95) CY MAY 28-JUN 01, 1995 CL SUDBURY, CANADA SP CANMET, Falconbridge Ltd, INCO Ltd, Laurentian Univ, Minist No Dev & Mines Ontario, Sudbury Reg Dev Corp DE acid mine drainage; acid mine water; remediation; geochemical modeling; Superfund C1 USGS,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU CANADA COMMUNICATION GROUP - PUBLISHING PI HULL PA 45 SACRE-COEUR BLVD, HULL PQ K1A 059, CANADA BN 0-660-16043-9 PY 1995 BP 633 EP 642 PG 10 WC Mining & Mineral Processing SC Mining & Mineral Processing GA BG39J UT WOS:A1995BG39J00064 ER PT S AU BARBER, LB KRUEGER, C METGE, DW HARVEY, RW FIELD, JA AF BARBER, LB KRUEGER, C METGE, DW HARVEY, RW FIELD, JA BE Sabatini, DA Knox, RC Harwell, JH TI FATE OF LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE IN GROUNDWATER SO SURFACTANT-ENHANCED SUBSURFACE REMEDIATION: EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Surfactant-Enhanced Subsurface Remediation - Emerging Technologies, at the 207th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 1994 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Environm Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc, Div Colloid & Surface Chem ID SEWAGE-CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER; NATURAL GRADIENT EXPERIMENT; CAPE-COD; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; SPATIAL MOMENTS; GRAVEL AQUIFER; SANDY AQUIFER; TRACER TEST; BACTERIA AB A small-scale natural-gradient tracer test was conducted to determine the transport behavior of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) surfactants in oxygen-depleted groundwater. LAS transport was similar to that of the conservative tracer bromide and had a retardation factor of about 1.1. During the 45-day experiment, LAS was not significantly biodegraded. Sorption to the aquifer sediments changed the LAS mixture composition during transport due to increasing retardation of the long-chain homologs. The change in homolog composition may alter the effectiveness of LAS to facilitate organic contaminant transport. The abundance of free-living bacteria increased by a factor of 3 in the presence of the injected LAS indicating that surfactants can alter the subsurface microbial populations. The relatively unretarded transport and persistence of LAS in the oxygen-limited aquifer are favorable characteristics for subsurface remediation. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR CHEM,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP BARBER, LB (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,3215 MARINE ST,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Harvey, Ronald/C-5783-2013 OI Harvey, Ronald/0000-0002-2791-8503 NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3225-3 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1995 VL 594 BP 95 EP 111 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BD63V UT WOS:A1995BD63V00008 ER PT B AU FILIPEK, LH PAPP, CSE CURRY, J VANWYNGARDEN, TJ WILDEMAN, TR AF FILIPEK, LH PAPP, CSE CURRY, J VANWYNGARDEN, TJ WILDEMAN, TR BE Nelson, JD TI GYPSUM MAY DELAY ACID PRODUCTION FROM WASTE ROCK SO TAILINGS & MINE WASTE '95 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Tailings and Mine Waste 95 CY JAN 17-20, 1995 CL FT COLLINS, CO C1 US GEOL SURVEY,LAKEWOOD,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 1675, 3000 BR ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-526-7 PY 1995 BP 19 EP 21 PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BC94Y UT WOS:A1995BC94Y00003 ER PT J AU VIGLIOTTI, L LANGENHEIM, VE AF VIGLIOTTI, L LANGENHEIM, VE TI WHEN DID SARDINIA STOP ROTATING - NEW PALEOMAGNETIC RESULTS SO TERRA NOVA LA English DT Article ID PALEOMAGNETIC DATA; CORSICA; GEOCHRONOLOGY AB Previous palaeomagnetic results from Tertiary volcanic rocks of Sardinia suggest that the island underwent a quick counterclockwise rotation between 20.5 and 19 Ma. In order to test this hypothesis, a new palaeomagnetic study was carried out on sediments and volcanic rocks with well-controlled biostratigraphic or radiometric ages younger than the suggested age for the end of the rotation. Unrotated palaeomagnetic directions obtained from the Upper Ignimbrites (radiometric age: 18.5-19.7 Myr) and the Aquitanian tuffs collected in the Anglona region (N Sardinia) would suggest that the rotation ended earlier than 20.5 Myr. The directions found in the volcanics are perhaps the result of secular variation, rather than differential rotation of the Anglona region with respect to surrounding regions. Two sites belonging to the upper ignimbritic unit (SI2) in the Monte Traessu-Monte Rispisu area (Logudoro region) exhibited a large amount of rotation (D=320.4 degrees, I=60 degrees) which may be age related (radiometric age: 19.9 Myr). Four dikes (radiometric age: 18.3-16.7 Myr) in the Arcuentu volcanic complex (Arburese region) yield results (D=348.4 degrees, I=33.8 degrees) that indicate a further amount of rotation after their emplacement. Stable end-point directions were successfully isolated from three Upper Burdigalian/Langhian sedimentary sites (biostratigraphic age: 18-15 Ma) from the Marmilla and Logudoro regions. Consistent paleomagnetic directions obtained from these sites (D=352 degrees, I=49 degrees) indicate that a small amount of rotation was still to be completed in the Langhian time. This result is consistent with the history of Sardinian volcanism, which did not end until 13 Ma. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP VIGLIOTTI, L (reprint author), CNR,IST GEOL MARINA,I-40129 BOLOGNA,ITALY. NR 43 TC 94 Z9 94 U1 2 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0954-4879 J9 TERRA NOVA JI Terr. Nova PY 1995 VL 7 IS 4 BP 424 EP 435 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3121.1995.tb00538.x PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA RV505 UT WOS:A1995RV50500005 ER PT J AU KRAMER, GW CARRERA, E ZAVELETA, D AF KRAMER, GW CARRERA, E ZAVELETA, D BE Wadsworth, KG McCabe, RE TI Waterfowl harvest and hunter activity in Mexico SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTIETH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE: CONFERENCE THEME: BALANCING SOCIAL, PROFESSIONAL AND CONSERVATION RESPONSIBILITIES SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 60th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference - Balancing Social, Professional and Conservation Responsibility CY MAR 24-29, 1995 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Wildlife Management Inst C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,WILLOWS,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 14TH STREET NW, SUITE 801, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1995 BP 243 EP 250 PG 8 WC Ecology; Forestry; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BE03W UT WOS:A1995BE03W00029 ER PT S AU SCHWARTZ, C JAYNES, P PEDITTO, P AF SCHWARTZ, C JAYNES, P PEDITTO, P BE Wadsworth, KG McCabe, RE TI Northeast states wildlife needs assessment for the 1995 Farm Bill SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTIETH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE: CONFERENCE THEME: BALANCING SOCIAL, PROFESSIONAL AND CONSERVATION RESPONSIBILITIES SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 60th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference - Balancing Social, Professional and Conservation Responsibility CY MAR 24-29, 1995 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Wildlife Management Inst C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,CORTLAND,NY 13045. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 14TH STREET NW, SUITE 801, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1995 BP 300 EP 306 PG 7 WC Ecology; Forestry; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BE03W UT WOS:A1995BE03W00036 ER PT S AU KRESL, SJ LEACH, JT LIVELY, CA REYNOLDS, RE AF KRESL, SJ LEACH, JT LIVELY, CA REYNOLDS, RE BE Wadsworth, KG McCabe, RE TI Working partnerships for conserving the nation's Prairie Pothole ecosystem - The US Prairie Pothole joint venture SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTIETH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE: CONFERENCE THEME: BALANCING SOCIAL, PROFESSIONAL AND CONSERVATION RESPONSIBILITIES SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 60th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference - Balancing Social, Professional and Conservation Responsibility CY MAR 24-29, 1995 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Wildlife Management Inst C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,WOODWORTH,ND. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 14TH STREET NW, SUITE 801, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1995 BP 363 EP 372 PG 10 WC Ecology; Forestry; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BE03W UT WOS:A1995BE03W00044 ER PT J AU MACK, GD AF MACK, GD BE Wadsworth, KG McCabe, RE TI Sandhill management plan: A partnership initiative SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTIETH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE: CONFERENCE THEME: BALANCING SOCIAL, PROFESSIONAL AND CONSERVATION RESPONSIBILITIES SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 60th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference - Balancing Social, Professional and Conservation Responsibility CY MAR 24-29, 1995 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Wildlife Management Inst C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,KEARNEY,NE. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 14TH STREET NW, SUITE 801, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1995 BP 397 EP 403 PG 7 WC Ecology; Forestry; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BE03W UT WOS:A1995BE03W00047 ER PT S AU PARENTI, RL AF PARENTI, RL BE Wadsworth, KG McCabe, RE TI Conservation agreements: An interim to listing SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTIETH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE: CONFERENCE THEME: BALANCING SOCIAL, PROFESSIONAL AND CONSERVATION RESPONSIBILITIES SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 60th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference - Balancing Social, Professional and Conservation Responsibility CY MAR 24-29, 1995 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Wildlife Management Inst C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,BOISE,ID. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 14TH STREET NW, SUITE 801, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1995 BP 482 EP 485 PG 4 WC Ecology; Forestry; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BE03W UT WOS:A1995BE03W00060 ER PT B AU YANOSKY, TM VROBLESKY, DA AF YANOSKY, TM VROBLESKY, DA BE Lewis, TE TI ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF TREE RINGS IN GROUND-WATER CONTAMINATION STUDIES SO TREE RINGS AS INDICATORS OF ECOSYSTEM HEALTH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Tree Rings as Indicators of Ecosystem Health CY JUN 25, 1993 CL PENN STATE UNIV, UNIVERSITY PK, PA SP FOREST HLTH MONITORING, INT UNION FORESTRY RES ORG HO PENN STATE UNIV C1 US GEOL SURVEY,STEPHENSON CTR,COLUMBIA,SC 29210. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 BN 0-8493-7651-3 PY 1995 BP 177 EP 205 PG 29 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BC86P UT WOS:A1995BC86P00008 ER PT S AU MODDE, T SCHOLZ, AT WILLIAMSON, JH HAINES, GB BURDICK, BD PFEIFER, FK AF MODDE, T SCHOLZ, AT WILLIAMSON, JH HAINES, GB BURDICK, BD PFEIFER, FK BE Schramm, HL Piper, RG TI An augmentation plan for razorback sacker in the upper Colorado River basin SO USES AND EFFECTS OF CULTURED FISHES IN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium and Workshop on the Uses and Effects of Cultured Fishes in Aquatic Ecosystems CY MAR 12-17, 1994 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Fisheries Soc C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,COLORADO RIVER FISH PROJECT,VERNAL,UT 84078. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-91-1 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1995 VL 15 BP 102 EP 111 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BD89Y UT WOS:A1995BD89Y00013 ER PT S AU CARMICHAEL, GJ HANSON, JN NOVY, JR MEYER, KJ MORIZOT, DC AF CARMICHAEL, GJ HANSON, JN NOVY, JR MEYER, KJ MORIZOT, DC BE Schramm, HL Piper, RG TI Apache trout management: Cultured fish, genetics, habitat improvements, and regulations SO USES AND EFFECTS OF CULTURED FISHES IN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium and Workshop on the Uses and Effects of Cultured Fishes in Aquatic Ecosystems CY MAR 12-17, 1994 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Fisheries Soc C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,SW REG DIV FISHERIES,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87103. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-91-1 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1995 VL 15 BP 112 EP 121 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BD89Y UT WOS:A1995BD89Y00014 ER PT S AU OLSON, DE CATES, BC DIGGS, DH AF OLSON, DE CATES, BC DIGGS, DH BE Schramm, HL Piper, RG TI Use of a national fish hatchery to complement wild salmon and steelhead production in an Oregon Stream SO USES AND EFFECTS OF CULTURED FISHES IN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium and Workshop on the Uses and Effects of Cultured Fishes in Aquatic Ecosystems CY MAR 12-17, 1994 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Fisheries Soc C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,COLUMBIA RIVER FISHERIES PROGRAM OFF,VANCOUVER,WA 98665. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-91-1 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1995 VL 15 BP 317 EP 328 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BD89Y UT WOS:A1995BD89Y00037 ER PT S AU ANDREASEN, LL AF ANDREASEN, LL BE Schramm, HL Piper, RG TI Predation and cannibalism on hatchery-reared striped bass in the Patuxent River, Maryland SO USES AND EFFECTS OF CULTURED FISHES IN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT International Symposium and Workshop on the Uses and Effects of Cultured Fishes in Aquatic Ecosystems CY MAR 12-17, 1994 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Fisheries Soc C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,MARYLAND FISHERIES RESOURCE OFF,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21401. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-91-1 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1995 VL 15 BP 553 EP 554 PG 2 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BD89Y UT WOS:A1995BD89Y00063 ER EF