FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU ANANDAKRISHNAN, S FITZPATRICK, JJ ALLEY, RB GOW, AJ MEESE, DA AF ANANDAKRISHNAN, S FITZPATRICK, JJ ALLEY, RB GOW, AJ MEESE, DA TI SHEAR-WAVE DETECTION OF ASYMMETRIC C-AXIS FABRICS IN THE GISP2 ICE CORE, GREENLAND SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SHEETS AB c-axis fabrics of the GISP2 ice core from central Greenland have been measured rapidly and accurately in the field, using both compressional and shear waves generated by an inexpensive, commercially available, ''idiot-proof'' device. Compressional-wave data were collected at 10 m intervals for the upper 2250 m of the ice sheet and show progressive clustering of c axes toward the vertical with increasing depth but no large steps at climatic boundaries in the core. The degree of clustering measured by ultrasound agrees closely with that measured using traditional optical techniques but the ultrasound technique is easier and faster than optical methods. A slight asymmetry in the c-axis clustering is revealed by the shear-wave data and increases with increasing depth, indicating that deformation is not symmetric about the vertical at the site. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOSCI,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. US GEOL SURVEY,SEDIMENTARY PROC BRANCH,DENVER,CO 80225. USA,COLD REG RES & ENGN LAB,HANOVER,NH 03755. RP ANANDAKRISHNAN, S (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,CTR EARTH SYST SCI,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 17 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB2 1ER SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 1994 VL 40 IS 136 BP 491 EP 496 PG 6 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA PY995 UT WOS:A1994PY99500006 ER PT J AU FOLGER, DW COLMAN, SM BARNES, PW AF FOLGER, DW COLMAN, SM BARNES, PW TI OVERVIEW OF THE SOUTHERN LAKE-MICHIGAN COASTAL EROSION STUDY SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP FOLGER, DW (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1994 VL 20 IS 1 BP 2 EP 8 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA NL348 UT WOS:A1994NL34800003 ER PT J AU FOSTER, DS FOLGER, DW AF FOSTER, DS FOLGER, DW TI THE GEOLOGIC FRAMEWORK OF SOUTHERN LAKE-MICHIGAN SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE LAKE MICHIGAN; BEDROCK; QUATERNARY; SEDIMENT AB This part of the project was carried out with geophysical and geological sampling techniques to determine in more detail the geology of southwestern Lake Michigan and thereby provide the essential framework on which to base subsequent lake level, process, and sediment budget studies. The bathymetry of southwestern Lake Michigan is controlled by the underlying bedrock, which dips northeast toward the center of the Michigan basin. Bedrock comprises Silurian dolomite and Devonian limestone and shale. Quaternary sediment, 10 to 40 m thick, overlies bedrock. From Waukegan, Illinois, south to Indiana Harbor, the bottom is floored by till, sand, pebbles, and cobbles. Sand, more common within 1 to 2 km of shore, thins lakeward to a patchy veneer. The lake floor is erosional or nondepositional where till or gravel-cobble pavement is exposed. In contrast, north of Waukegan and east of Indiana Harbor, fine sand covers much of the bottom and grades offshore to muddy sand, which is part of the modern, lacustrine Lake Michigan Formation. The complex surficial bottom sediment distribution between Waukegan and Michigan City, Indiana, could be mapped in detail only where we have sidescan sonar mosaics. In those areas, the till, or coarse lag sand-gravel surface, is covered intermittently with a layer of fine sand most often about 0.5 to 1.0 m thick. The sand appears to be mobile, covering and uncovering the substrate in response to storm-driven waves and currents. Thus, sand, important for protecting the substrate from erosion and for maintaining beaches, is not abundant throughout much of the area. RP FOSTER, DS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1994 VL 20 IS 1 BP 44 EP 60 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA NL348 UT WOS:A1994NL34800006 ER PT J AU COLMAN, SM FORESTER, RM REYNOLDS, RL SWEETKIND, DS KING, JW GANGEMI, P JONES, GA KEIGWIN, LD FOSTER, DS AF COLMAN, SM FORESTER, RM REYNOLDS, RL SWEETKIND, DS KING, JW GANGEMI, P JONES, GA KEIGWIN, LD FOSTER, DS TI LAKE-LEVEL HISTORY OF LAKE-MICHIGAN FOR THE PAST 12,000 YEARS - THE RECORD FROM DEEP LACUSTRINE SEDIMENTS SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE LAKE MICHIGAN; SEDIMENTS; RADIOCARBON; OSTRACODES; SEDIMENTOLOGY ID SOUTHERN AB Collection and analysis of an extensive set of seismic-reflection profiles and cores from southern Lake Michigan have provided new data that document the history of the lake basin for the past 12,000 years. Analyses of the seismic data, together with radiocarbon dating, magnetic, sedimentologic, isotopic, and paleontologic studies of core samples, have allowed us to reconstruct lake-level changes during this recent part of the lake's history. The post-glacial history of lake-level changes in the Lake Michigan basin begins about 11.2 ka with the fall from the high Calumet level, caused by the retreat of the Two Rivers glacier, which had blocked the northern outlet of the lake. This lake-level fall was temporarily reversed by a major influx of water from glacial Lake Agassiz (about 10.6 ka), during which deposition of the distinctive gray Wilmette Bed of the Lake Michigan Formation interrupted deposition of red glaciolacustrine sediment. Lake level then continued to fall, culminating in the opening of the North Bay outlet at about 10.3 ka. During the resulting Chippewa low phase, lake level was about 80 m lower than it is today in the southern basin of Lake Michigan. The rise of the early Holocene lake level, controlled primarily by isostatic rebound of the North Bay outlet, resulted in a prominent, planar, transgressive unconformity that eroded most of the shoreline features below present lake level. Superimposed on this overall rise in lake level, a second influx of water from Lake Agassiz temporarily raised lake levels an unknown amount about 9.1 ka. At about 7 ka, lake level may have fallen below the level of the outlet because of sharply drier climate. Sometime between 6 and 5 ka, the character of the lake changed dramatically, probably due mostly to climatic causes, becoming highly undersaturated with respect to calcium carbonate and returning primary control of lake level to the isostatically rising North Bay outlet. Post-Nipissing (about 5 ka) lake level has fallen about 6 m due to erosion of the Port Huron outlet, a trend around which occurred relatively small (+/- approximately 2 m), short-term fluctuations controlled mainly by climatic changes. These cyclic fluctuations are reflected in the sedimentological and sediment-magnetic properties of the sediments. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,CTR FED,DENVER,CO 80225. UNIV RHODE ISL,GRAD SCH OCEANOG,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882. WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. RP COLMAN, SM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. OI Sweetkind, Donald/0000-0003-0892-4796 NR 29 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 16 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1994 VL 20 IS 1 BP 73 EP 92 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA NL348 UT WOS:A1994NL34800008 ER PT J AU FORESTER, RM COLMAN, SM REYNOLDS, RL KEIGWIN, LD AF FORESTER, RM COLMAN, SM REYNOLDS, RL KEIGWIN, LD TI LAKE MICHIGANS LATE QUATERNARY LIMNOLOGICAL AND CLIMATE HISTORY FROM OSTRACODE, OXYGEN-ISOTOPE, AND MAGNETIC-SUSCEPTIBILITY SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE LAKE MICHIGAN; OSTRACODES; PALEOLIMNOLOGY; PALEOCLIMATE; DELTA-O-18; MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY ID HOLOCENE CLIMATE AB The limnology of Lake Michigan has changed dramatically since the late Pleistocene in response to the expansion and contraction of continental glaciers, to differential isostatic rebound, and to climate change. The lake sediment's stratigraphic trends, magnetic susceptibility, deltaO-18, and ostracode species abundance ratios provide criteria to identify the lake's response to glacial ice and to differential isostatic rebound. The latter phenomena dominate the lake's late Pleistocene and early Holocene history. The lake's hydrological budget provides the primary linkage between the lake and climate, particularly effective moisture. Dissolved salts were stored in the lake's water column when the lake's output shifted toward evaporation, but were flushed when output shifted toward outflow. The lake's salt storage history ay be interpreted from some ostracode, deltaO-18, and magnetic susceptibility records found in sediment cores. Climate change influenced the entire lake's limnological history, but became the primary limnological driver from about the middle-Holocene to the present. The complex limnological history of Lake Michigan resulted in substantial changes in the ostracode species assemblages; from about 12,000 ka to about 5,500 ka, five ostracode intervals can be identified. These ostracode intervals provide a within-lake biostratigraphy and a stratigraphic reference for reconstruction of the paleoenvironmental dynamics of the lake. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,WOODS HOLE,MA. RP FORESTER, RM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 20 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1994 VL 20 IS 1 BP 93 EP 107 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA NL348 UT WOS:A1994NL34800009 ER PT J AU LARSEN, CE AF LARSEN, CE TI BEACH RIDGES AS MONITORS OF ISOSTATIC UPLIFT IN THE UPPER GREAT-LAKES SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE GREAT LAKES; WATER LEVEL; ISOSTATIC REBOUND; LATE HOLOCENE AB Beach-ridge complexes located at key areas in the Lake Michigan and Lake Superior basins preserve continuous geomorphic and stratigraphic records of lake-level change during the late Holocene. Beach-ridge complexes at Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin, Gary, Indiana, and Whitefish Point, Michigan, have been intensively studied to provide a reconstruction of differential postglacial isostatic uplift within the Lake Michigan and Lake Huron basin during the late Holocene. The three sites were analyzed in a framework that correlated and dated landforms on the basis of geometry aided by C-14 age control. Contrary to expectations, the reconstructed rebound rates were not exponential. The constant rate for Whitefish Point was 0.34 m/century whereas that at Sturgeon Bay was 0.09 m/century relative to the southern shore of Lake Michigan. These rates are consistent with rates calculated on the basis of historical lake-level gauge records. The analysis suggests that crustal movement beneath the upper Great Lakes has been constant over the past 4,000 years. The variance between this region and coastal areas where isostatic uplift models were originally derived is unclear. Lake level in Lake Michigan and Lake Huron was progressively lowered between 5,000 and 2,100 years b.p. by erosion of the outlet channel from Lake Huron. Lake Superior began to be uplifted above Lake Huron about 2, 100 years b.p. Over this period, the mean water surfaces of these lakes have been separated by 6.92 m. The rate of uplift necessary to account for this difference is 0.33 m/century. The separation of Lake Superior from Lake Huron was apparently, synchronous with stabilization of the outlet channel from Lake Huron. Since that time, uplift at this outlet has raised lake level in southern Lake Michigan by about 1.9 m at a rate of 0.09 m/century. RP LARSEN, CE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 56 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1994 VL 20 IS 1 BP 108 EP 134 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA NL348 UT WOS:A1994NL34800010 ER PT J AU JIBSON, RW ODUM, JK STAUDE, JM AF JIBSON, RW ODUM, JK STAUDE, JM TI RATES AND PROCESSES OF BLUFF RECESSION ALONG THE LAKE-MICHIGAN SHORELINE IN ILLINOIS SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE LAKE MICHIGAN; ILLINOIS; BLUFF RETREAT; SHORELINE PROCESSES; LANDSLIDE; COASTAL EROSION AB We examined bluffs along 30 km of the Lake Michigan shoreline from Wilmette to Waukegan, Illinois, to measure amounts and variation in retreat rates and to determine what factors control rates and processes of retreat. The predominant bluff-retreat process is shallow- to intermediate-depth translational landsliding triggered by heavy rainfall and wave erosion at the base of the bluff, rotational slumping and shallow creep and earth flow also are common. Using historical maps and airphotos, we measured amounts of bluff-top retreat at 300 locations. For two time periods, 1872-1937 and 1937-1987, rates of retreat vary from 10 to 75 cm/yr between discrete segments of bluffs (defined by lithology) and between time periods for a given bluff segment. The average retreat rates for the entire area, however, do not vary significantly between the two time periods and are approximately 20-25 cm/yr. Long-term average and short-term extreme lake levels and precipitation also do not vary significantly between the two periods, and thus local temporal variations in retreat rate cannot be attributed to these factors. Shore protection built to date may have altered the spatial distribution of retreat rates in the area but has had little overall effect on the average regional retreat rates. The temporally constant regional retreat rates and the regular form of the local shoreline indicate that a long-term uniform rate of retreat prevails and that local variations in rates balance out through time to produce long-term parallel (in map view) bluff retreat in the area. This parallel bluff retreat probably is controlled primarily by the uniform retreat rate of the lithologically homogeneous shoreface in front of the bluff. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,TUCSON,AZ 85705. RP JIBSON, RW (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,BOX 25046,MS 966,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1994 VL 20 IS 1 BP 135 EP 152 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA NL348 UT WOS:A1994NL34800011 ER PT J AU BOOTH, JS AF BOOTH, JS TI WAVE CLIMATE AND NEARSHORE LAKEBED RESPONSE, ILLINOIS BEACH STATE-PARK, LAKE-MICHIGAN SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE NEARSHORE PROCESSES; STORM WAVES; LAKEBED; BATHYMETRY; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; LAKE MICHIGAN ID SEDIMENT; BOTTOM; SHELF AB The Lake Michigan outer nearshore zone (water depths almost-equal-to 5 to 25 m) off Illinois Beach State Park is subjected to a spectrum of wave conditions, including those generated by major storms. Only under these major storm conditions is there a realistic potential for wave-lakebed interaction (and associated wind-driven currents) to cause a significant net modification to the outer nearshore lakebed, which, in turn, may promulgate charge in the inner nearshore (surf) zone. Analysis of bathymetric and sediment grain-size data, used in conjunction with published wave hindcast data, wave propagation modeling, and previous studies in the area, indicates that this potential occurs, most likely, on a scale of years. Although such storms can generate bottom currents well in excess of what is required to mobilize the fine to very fine sands that are present, little compelling evidence was found, on the basis of gross comparisons with previous studies (1946, 1973, 1978), that there have been rapid or pronounced changes in the outer nearshore lakebed Nonetheless, grain-size data suggest that sands are episodically transported in a net southerly direction. At least over the time period represented by this and previous studies, any modification of the outer nearshore zone lakebed would seem to be modest and gradual. If so, whereas the outer nearshore zone may be a factor in the long-term adjustment of the shoreline, any rapid change in shoreline position, or any conspicuous change in the rate of shoreline adjustment, is more likely controlled by factors other than those linked to the outer nearshore zone. RP BOOTH, JS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, BRANCH ATLANTIC MARINE GEOL, WOODS HOLE, MA 02543 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1994 VL 20 IS 1 BP 163 EP 178 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA NL348 UT WOS:A1994NL34800013 ER PT J AU BARNES, PW KEMPEMA, EW REIMNITZ, E MCCORMICK, M AF BARNES, PW KEMPEMA, EW REIMNITZ, E MCCORMICK, M TI THE INFLUENCE OF ICE ON SOUTHERN LAKE-MICHIGAN COASTAL EROSION SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ICE RAFTING; BEACH PROFILES; SEDIMENT BUDGET; ICEFOOT ID SEDIMENT AB Coastal ice does not protect the coast but enhances erosion by displacing severe winter wave energy from the beach to the shoreface and by entraining and transporting sediment alongshore and offshore. Three aspects of winter ice in Lake Michigan were studied over a 3-year period and found to have an important influence on coastal sediment dynamics and the coastal sediment budget: (1) the influence of coastal ice on shoreface morphology, (2) the transport of littoral sediments by ice, and (3) the formation of anchor and underwater ice as a frequent and important event entraining and transporting sediment. Coastal lake ice includes a belt of mobile brash (ice blocks) and slush and a dynamic nearshore ice complex consisting of an icefoot, a lakeward sequence of wave-generated ice ridges, and intervening ice lagoons. Our studies indicate that the nearshore ice complex contains a sediment load (0.2 - 1.2 t/m of coast) that is roughly equivalent to the average amount of sand eroded from the coastal bluffs and to the amount sand ice-rafted offshore to the deep lake basin each year. Up to 0.28 t/m of coast can be entrained by ice in a single anchor-ice event, and separate events occurred on 15 days in January 1991. The brash/slush belt is the most important system component responsible for ice-induced sediment transport. Estimates of longshore ice drift, ice volume, and ice-borne sediment load suggest that 0.36 to 4.14 x 10(3) t/d are transported alongshore. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH OCEANOG,SEATTLE,WA 98195. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP BARNES, PW (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS 999,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 50 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1994 VL 20 IS 1 BP 179 EP 195 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA NL348 UT WOS:A1994NL34800014 ER PT J AU COLMAN, SM FOSTER, DS AF COLMAN, SM FOSTER, DS TI A SEDIMENT BUDGET FOR SOUTHERN LAKE-MICHIGAN - SOURCE AND SINK MODELS FOR DIFFERENT TIME INTERVALS SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE LAKE MICHIGAN; SEDIMENTS; SEDIMENT BUDGET; EROSION; DEPOSITION; HOLOCENE AB We have constructed a sediment budget for the southern Lake Michigan basin for sand and for mud during three time periods: the past 100, 5,000, and 10,000 years. For the modern (100-year) sediment budget, accountable sediment sources add up to 93 percent of the calculated sinks. The mud budget has a source deficit of about 40%, probably due to errors in mu&sand ratios and (or) to other sources not included in our model, especially erosion of the lake floor, which accompanies bluff recession. Two terms dominate the modem sediment-budget equation: (1) bluff erosion, which is an order of magnitude larger than either rivers or aerosols as a source, and (2) deposition in the deep basin, which is more than two orders of magnitude greater as a sink than suspended sediment transport out of the basin. About half of the sand derived from bluff erosion is deposited in the deep lake; the other half must be deposited in nearshore sand bodies, beaches, and dunes. Despite the uncertainties in our estimates of sediment sources and sinks, the attempt to reconstruct sediment budgets for time intervals of 100, 5,000, and 10,000 years leads to important insights about erosion and sedimentation processes. Bluff erosion is the dominant source of both sand and mud in the basin. The deep lake floor is the primary sink for mud, whereas both the deep lake and nearshore areas are important sinks for sand. On a long-term basis, rates of bluff erosion have progressively decreased and are apparently independent of anthropogenic effects. Rates of sediment accumulation in the lake basin mirror the decrease in rates of bluff erosion for prehistoric time, but have increased markedly since human settlement, probably because of anthropogenic effects on river and aerosolic inputs. RP COLMAN, SM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 29 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1994 VL 20 IS 1 BP 215 EP 228 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA NL348 UT WOS:A1994NL34800017 ER PT J AU ELLENBERGER, SA BAUMANN, PC MAY, TW AF ELLENBERGER, SA BAUMANN, PC MAY, TW TI EVALUATION OF EFFECTS CAUSED BY HIGH COPPER CONCENTRATIONS IN TORCH LAKE, MICHIGAN, ON REPRODUCTION OF YELLOW PERCH SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE COPPER; YELLOW PERCH; REPRODUCTION ID TOXICITY; EMBRYOS; LARVAE AB Elevated concentrations of copper are present in Torch Lake, Michigan, an Environmental Protection Agency Superfund site. The sauger (Stizostedion canadense) population in Torch Lake has been extirpated and walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) populations are maintained by stocking. We used yellow perch (Perca flavescens) to determine if chronic exposure to elevated copper concentrations has reduced the reproductive success of percids. Ripe yellow perch from Torch Lake and Gratiot Lake, a reference site, were captured between 6 May and 6 June 1990. Crosses were made within each lake and between lakes (both combinations); five pairs of each type were attempted Portions of each egg mass were reared in Torch Lake water (34 ng/mL copper) and reference site water (Rice Lake) until 4 days posthatch (20-d to 28-d). Copper concentrations were found to be over two times as high as in reference samples both in Torch Lake water and in gonads of perch from Torch Lake. The percentages of eggs hatched in Torch Lake and reference lake water were not significantly different, although a trend of reduced hatch in Torch Lake water was apparent. Likewise, no significant differences were indicated in hatching success among crosses. However, duration of hatching was significantly longer for Torch Lake egg masses than for reference lake egg masses, indicating that copper may affect reproductive success through disruption of hatch coordination with food availability or reduction of larval fitness. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,COLUMBUS FIELD RES STN,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES CTR,COLUMBIA,MO 65201. RP ELLENBERGER, SA (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,SCH NAT RESOURCES,2021 COFFEY RD,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 8 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1994 VL 20 IS 3 BP 531 EP 536 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA PH092 UT WOS:A1994PH09200005 ER PT J AU CARTER, SJ COLMAN, SM AF CARTER, SJ COLMAN, SM TI BIOGENIC SILICA IN LAKE BAIKAL SEDIMENTS - RESULTS FROM 1990-1992 AMERICAN CORES SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE LAKE BAIKAL; SILICA; SEDIMENTS; PALEOCLIMATE ID MARINE-SEDIMENTS; ACCUMULATION; HOLOCENE; OPAL AB The Lake Baikal Paleoclimate Project is a joint Russian-American program established to study the paleoclimate of Central Asia. During three summer field seasons, duplicate Russian and American coves were taken at a number of sites in different sedimentary environments in the lake. Eight cores returned to the U.S. were quantitatively analyzed for biogenic silica using a single-step 5-hour alkaline leach, followed by dissolved silicon analysis by inductively-coupled-plasma atomic-emission spectroscopy. Sediments of Holocene age in these cores have biogenic silica maxima that range from about 15 to 80 percent. An underlying zone in each core with low biogenic-silica concentrations (0 to 5 percent) dates from the last glacial maximum. The transition from the last glaciation to the present interglaciation, recorded by biogenic silica, began about 13,000 years ago. Biogenic silica profiles from these cores appear to be a good measure of past diatom productivity and a useful basis for paleoclimatic interpretations. RP CARTER, SJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 20 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA UNIV MICHIGAN, 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1994 VL 20 IS 4 BP 751 EP 760 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA PX453 UT WOS:A1994PX45300013 ER PT J AU WICKS, CM HERMAN, JS AF WICKS, CM HERMAN, JS TI THE EFFECT OF A CONFINING UNIT ON THE GEOCHEMICAL EVOLUTION OF GROUND-WATER IN THE UPPER FLORIDIAN AQUIFER SYSTEM SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-DAKOTA AB In west-central Florida, sections of the Upper Floridan aquifer system range in character from confined to leaky to unconfined. The confining unit is the Hawthorn Formation, a clay-rich sequence. The presence or absence of the Hawthorn Formation affects the geochemical evolution of the ground water in the Upper Floridan aquifer system. Mass-balance and mass-transfer models suggest that, in unconfined areas, the geochemical reactions are dolomite dissolution, ion exchange (Mg for Na, K), sulfate reduction, calcite dissolution, and CO2 exchange. In the areas in which the Hawthorn Formation is leaky, the evolution of the ground water is accounted for by ion exchange, sulfate reduction, calcite dissolution, and CO2 exchange. In the confined areas, no ion exchange and only limited sulfate reduction occur, and the chemical character of the ground water is consistent with dolomite and gypsum dissolution, calcite precipitation, and CO2 ingassing. The Hawthorn Formation acts both as a physical barrier to the transport Of CO2 and organic matter and as a source of ion-exchange sites, but the carbonate-mineral reactions are largely unaffected by the extent of confinement of the Upper Floridan aquifer. C1 UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903. RP WICKS, CM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,431 NATL RES CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. RI Wicks, Carol/B-3598-2013 OI Wicks, Carol/0000-0001-8224-0267 NR 22 TC 24 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 153 IS 1-4 BP 139 EP 155 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(94)90189-9 PG 17 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA MV757 UT WOS:A1994MV75700006 ER PT J AU KENNEDY, WJ COBBAN, WA AF KENNEDY, WJ COBBAN, WA TI AMMONITE FAUNA FROM THE WENONAH FORMATION (UPPER CRETACEOUS) OF NEW-JERSEY SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC AB The Wenonah Formation of New Jersey yields an ammonite fauna comprising Menuites portlocki (Sharpe, 1855), Placenticeras placenta (DeKay, 1828), P. minor n. sp., Nostoceras (Nostoceras) puzosiforme n. sp., Nostoceras (Nostoceras) affl N. colubriformis Stephenson, 1941, Didymoceras n. sp., Didymoceras spp., Parasolenoceras sp., Baculites cf. B. scotti Cobban, 1958, Baculites sp., and Trachyscaphites pulcherrimus (Roemer, 1841). Although commonly regarded as lower Maastrichtian by micropaleontologists, the presence of M. portlocki and T. pulcherrimus is an indicator of upper, but not uppermost, Campanian in a northwest European sense, and the presence of Baculites cf. B. scotti suggests uppermost middle Campanian in terms of the Western Interior provincial substages. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. RP KENNEDY, WJ (reprint author), UNIV OXFORD MUSEUM,GEOL COLLECT,PARKS RD,OXFORD OX1 3PW,ENGLAND. NR 84 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3360 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 68 IS 1 BP 95 EP 110 PG 16 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA NG308 UT WOS:A1994NG30800007 ER PT J AU PRICE, LC AF PRICE, LC TI BASIN RICHNESS AND SOURCE-ROCK DISRUPTION - A FUNDAMENTAL RELATIONSHIP SO JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WILLISTON BASIN; VITRINITE REFLECTANCE; ORGANIC METAMORPHISM; PETROLEUM MIGRATION; CLASSIFICATION; SYSTEMS; PYROLYSIS; CARBON; SHALES; TIME AB Primary petroleum migration (expulsion from source rocks) remains the least understood parameter controlling the genesis of oil deposits. In spite of this lack of understanding, many petroleum geochemists (including this Author) have previously considered expulsion from organic-rich, mature source rocks to be very efficient. This viewpoint results from Rock-Eval analyses of organic-rich source rocks, analyses which demonstrate a loss of hydrocarbon (HC) generation capacity, by significant reduction in Rock-Eval hydrogen indices, as such rocks are progressively buried in sedimentary basins. However, this progressive loss of HC generation capacity is not matched by numerically-equivalent increases either in Soxhlet-extractable HCs or the Rock-Eval S1 pyrolysis peak. Thus, we conclude that almost all generated HCs have migrated from the source rocks. Notwithstanding, the petroleum geochemistry of the Williston Basin (North America) and other considerations strongly suggest that this logic may be flawed. Instead, it appears that most generated HCs may not migrate far from their generation site, but instead are lost before source-rock samples arrive at the laboratory for analysis. This loss occurs from a HC-gas volume expansion, which results from the large pressure decreases in rock chips or cores during the trip up the wellbore in the course of drilling operations. The large volume expansions of these HC gases, which are cogenerated and coexist with oil in the source rocks, literally blow most generated oil in source rocks into the drilling mud during the trip uphole. If most generated HCs do in fact remain in or near their source rocks, then it can be hypothesised that source rocks must be physically disrupted before meaningful expulsion can occur. Faulting, with accompanying significant fracturing, would appear to be the optimum naturally-occurring process for physical disruption of source rocks. If these hypotheses are valid, intensity of faulting in deeply-buried HC ''kitchens'' containing mature source rocks should strongly correlate with increasing basin richness, as defined by recoverable oil divided by basin-sediment area or volume. This possible relationship is examined in this Paper; and there is a strong correlation of increasing basin richness with increasing structural intensity over and adjacent to basin depocentres. This correlation thus supports the hypothesis that physical disruption of mature source rocks is a necessary, and previously unappreciated, controlling parameter for oil expulsion. If a relationship between physical disruption of source rocks and oil expulsion indeed exists, then significant implications would follow for: (1) basin resource assessment; (2) conventional oil exploration in frontier basins; and (3) the probable existence of very large, previously unappreciated, oil-resource bases in fractured, self-sourced shales. RP PRICE, LC (reprint author), USGS,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 134 TC 22 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 5 PU SCIENTIFIC PRESS LTD PI BEACONSFIELD PA PO BOX 21, BEACONSFIELD, BUCKS, ENGLAND HP9 1NS SN 0141-6421 J9 J PETROL GEOL JI J. Pet. Geol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 17 IS 1 BP 5 EP 38 DI 10.1111/j.1747-5457.1994.tb00112.x PG 34 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MP455 UT WOS:A1994MP45500001 ER PT J AU AMSTRUP, SC GARDNER, C AF AMSTRUP, SC GARDNER, C TI POLAR BEAR MATERNITY DENNING IN THE BEAUFORT SEA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ALASKA; ARCTIC; CANADA; DENNING; HIBERNATION; PACK ICE; POLAR BEARS; RADIO TELEMETRY; REPRODUCTION; SATELLITE; URSUS-MARITIMUS ID URSUS-MARITIMUS; SVALBARD AB The distribution of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) is circumpolar in the Northern Hemisphere, but known locations of maternal dens are concentrated in relatively few, widely scattered locations. Denning is either uncommon or unknown within gaps between known denning concentration areas. The Beaufort Sea region of Alaska and Canada lies in the largest of those gaps. To understand effects of industrial development and proposed increases in hunting, the temporal and spatial distribution of denning in the Beaufort Sea must be known. We captured and radiocollared polar bears between 1981 and 1991 and determined that denning in the Beaufort Sea region was sufficient to account for the estimated population there. Of 90 dens, 48 were on drifting pack ice, 38 on land, and 4 on land-fast ice. The proportion of dens on land was higher (P = 0.029) in later compared with earlier years of the study. Bears denning on pack ice drifted as far as 997 km (xBAR = 385 km) while in dens. There was no difference in cub production by bears denning on land and pack ice (P = 0.66). Mean entry and exit dates were 11 November and 5 April for land dens and 22 November and 26 March for pack-ice dens. Female polar bears captured in the Beaufort Sea appeared to be isolated from those caught east of Cape Bathurst in Canada. Of 35 polar bears that denned along the mainland coast of Alaska and Canada 80% denned between 137-degrees-00'W and 146-degrees-59'W. Bears followed to > 1 den did not reuse sites and consecutive dens were 20-1,304 km apart. However, radio-collared bears were largely faithful to substrate (pack-ice, land, and land-fast ice) and the general geographic area of previous dens. Bears denning on land may be vulnerable to human activities such as hunting and industrial development. However, predictable denning chronology and lack of site fidelity indicate that many potential impacts on denning polar bears could be mitigated. RP AMSTRUP, SC (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ALASKA FISH & WILDLIFE RES CTR,1011 E TUDOR RD,ANCHORAGE,AK 99503, USA. RI Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009 NR 41 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 33 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 58 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.2307/3809542 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA MW306 UT WOS:A1994MW30600001 ER PT J AU DIEFENBACH, DR CONROY, MJ WARREN, RJ JAMES, WE BAKER, LA HON, T AF DIEFENBACH, DR CONROY, MJ WARREN, RJ JAMES, WE BAKER, LA HON, T TI A TEST OF THE SCENT-STATION SURVEY TECHNIQUE FOR BOBCATS SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE BOBCAT; CUMBERLAND ISLAND; FELIS-RUFUS; GEORGIA; POWER ANALYSIS; SCENT-STATION SURVEY AB Scent-station surveys have been widely used to monitor bobcat (Felis rufus) populations, but relationships between bobcat abundance and the index derived from scent-station surveys have not been validated. In autumn 1988 and 1989 we reintroduced bobcats (n = 31) to Cumberland Island, Georgia. We conducted 15 scent-station surveys during September-February 1988, 1989, and 1990 to obtain scent-station indices (SSI) as we increased bobcat density. We found a positive relationship (r2 = 0.45, P = 0.0066) between population size and SSI. However, because SSI variance also was correlated positively with SSI, we transformed data to meet the assumption of homoscedasticity for the regression model (r2 = 0.73, P < 0.001). Predictions of population size using individual scent-station surveys bad poor precision. Analysis of statistical power indicated that 4 replicate scent-station surveys had an 80% probability of detecting only large (greater-than-or-equal-to 25%) changes in populations of high density (0.5 bobcats/km2). We recommend that (1) multiple scent-station surveys be conducted each year to monitor changes in bobcat populations; (2) SSI values should be calculated as proportions and transformed to reduce heteroscedasticity; (3) each stratum in a sampling design should contain as many stations as possible to minimize the problem of discrete data (no. of visits) analyzed as a continuous variable (proportion of stations visited); (4) scent stations should be placed as far apart as logistically feasible to minimize multiple visits by individual bobcats; and (5) results of the power analysis should be used as a minimum guideline for estimating sample-size requirements. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA. GEORGIA DEPT NAT RESOURCES, DIV GAME & FISH, FITZGERALD, GA 31750 USA. UNIV GEORGIA, DANIEL B WARNELL SCH FOREST SCH FOREST RESOURCES, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA. NR 23 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 58 IS 1 BP 10 EP 17 DI 10.2307/3809543 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA MW306 UT WOS:A1994MW30600002 ER PT J AU BLUMS, P MEDNIS, A NICHOLS, JD AF BLUMS, P MEDNIS, A NICHOLS, JD TI RETENTION OF WEB TAGS AND PLASTICINE-FILLED LEG BANDS APPLIED TO DAY-OLD DUCKLINGS SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE DOUBLE-TAGGING EXPERIMENTS; DUCKLINGS; LATVIA; PLASTICINE-FILLED LEG BANDS; TAG RETENTION; WATERFOWL; WEB TAGS ID NORTHERN GREENTREE IMPOUNDMENT; WOOD DUCKS; SURVIVAL AB A new plasticine-filled leg band was developed for use in banding day-old ducklings. These bands permit inference about early survival that is not possible from banding of older young in standard operation& Two double-marking experiments with web tags and the new leg bands indicated a high retention rate for the leg bands. In contrast, several web tags were lost, permitting an analysis directed at sources of variation in web tag retention rates. We found retention rates of web tags to be higher for diving ducks (Aythya) than for dabbling ducks (Anas), and higher for tags placed in the web interior than for those applied to the web edge. However, we recommend that the new plasticine-filled leg bands be used in place of web tags because of their higher retention rates and presumably greater visibility to hunters. We believe they offer great potential for new studies of duckling survival and distribution. C1 LATVIAN ACAD SCI,INST BIOL,RIGA 2169,LATVIA. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708. NR 12 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 58 IS 1 BP 76 EP 81 DI 10.2307/3809551 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA MW306 UT WOS:A1994MW30600010 ER PT J AU MAUSER, DM JARVIS, RL GILMER, DS AF MAUSER, DM JARVIS, RL GILMER, DS TI SURVIVAL OF RADIO-MARKED MALLARD DUCKLINGS IN NORTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ANAS-PLATYRHYNCHOS; CALIFORNIA; DUCKLINGS; MALLARDS; SURVIVAL; TELEMETRY; WATERFOWL ID BROODS; DUCKS AB Estimates of duckling survival are necessary to accurately assess recruitment of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), yet few reliable estimates exist. During 1988-90, we estimated survival rates for 127 radio-marked mallard ducklings from 64 broods on Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge, California. In 1988, we restricted the survival estimate to the first 10 days post-hatch (S = 0.18, SE = 0.07). Survival from hatching to 50 days was 0.37 (SE = 0.09) in 1989 and 0.34 (SE = 0.07) in 1990. Total brood loss differed among years (P < 0.05); 81.2% in 1988 (n = 16), 36.8% in 1989 (n = 19), and 37.5% in 1990 (n = 24). Ninety-three percent of mortality occurred during the first 10 days of life. We detected no differences in the proportion of radio-marked ducklings fledged from early-hatched versus late-hatched nests (P = 0.74). During 1989-90, 16 females appeared to lose their entire brood; however, 3 radio-marked ducklings from 2 of these broods were fledged by other brood hens. Of 29 radio-marked ducklings that reached 44 days of life, 6 (20.7%) joined other broods. Habitat enhancement is the key to improving duckling survival because the large number of predator species that consume ducklings makes predator control difficult. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NO PRAIRIE WILDLIFE RES CTR,DIXON,CA 95620. NR 31 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 58 IS 1 BP 82 EP 87 DI 10.2307/3809552 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA MW306 UT WOS:A1994MW30600011 ER PT J AU MAUSER, DM JARVIS, RL GILMER, DS AF MAUSER, DM JARVIS, RL GILMER, DS TI MOVEMENTS AND HABITAT USE OF MALLARD BROODS IN NORTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ANAS-PLATYRHYNCHOS; BROODS; CALIFORNIA; HABITAT; HOME RANGE; MALLARD; MOVEMENTS; WATERFOWL ID CENTRAL NORTH-DAKOTA; SOUTHWESTERN MANITOBA; HOME-RANGE; SURVIVAL; SELECTION; TRIANGULATION; AVAILABILITY; ERROR AB To increase recruitment of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), wildlife managers must understand the habitat and space needs of mallard broods. During 1989-90, we examined the movements, home range, and habitat use of 27 radio-marked mallard broods on Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge, California. Twelve of the 27 broods made 22 relocation movements (> 1,000 m in 24 hr) in the first week (n = 6) and after the fourth (n = 16) week of life. Mean home range size was 0.93 km2 (SE = 0.25) and did not differ between years (P = 0.26). Brood-rearing females selected seasonally flooded wetlands with a cover component and avoided open or permanently flooded habitats. In 1989, broods hatched in permanent wetlands were less successful in fledging (P = 0.006) radio-marked ducklings than broods from seasonal wetlands, suggesting habitat availability or movement to preferred habitats may affect duckling survival. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NO PRAIRIE WILDLIFE RES CTR,DIXON,CA 95620. NR 42 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 58 IS 1 BP 88 EP 94 DI 10.2307/3809553 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA MW306 UT WOS:A1994MW30600012 ER PT J AU DUGGER, BD REINECKE, KJ FREDRICKSON, LH AF DUGGER, BD REINECKE, KJ FREDRICKSON, LH TI LATE WINTER SURVIVAL OF FEMALE MALLARDS IN ARKANSAS SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ANAS-PLATYRHYNCHOS; ARKANSAS; MALLARDS; MORTALITY; POPULATION DYNAMICS; SURVIVAL; TELEMETRY; WATERFOWL ID AMERICAN BLACK DUCKS; BODY-MASS; MORTALITY; TELEMETRY; AGE AB Determining factors that limit winter survival of waterfowl is necessary to develop effective management plans. We radiomarked immature and adult female mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) after the 1988 and 1989 hunting seasons in eastcentral Arkansas to test whether natural mortality sources and habitat conditions during late winter limit seasonal survival. We used data from 92 females to calculate survival estimates. We observed no mortalities during 2,510 exposure days, despite differences in habitat conditions between years. We used the binomial distribution to calculate daily and 30-day survival estimates plus 95% confidence intervals of 0.9988 less-than-or-equal-to 0.9997 less-than-or-equal-to 1.00 and 0.9648 less-than-or-equal-to 0.9925 less-than-or-equal-to 1.00, respectively. Our data indirectly support the hypothesis that hunting mortality and habitat conditions during the hunting season are the major determinants of winter survival for female mallards in Arkansas. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,VICKSBURG,MS 39180. UNIV MISSOURI COLUMBIA,SCH NAT RESOURCES,GAYLORD MEM LAB,PUXICO,MO 63960. RP DUGGER, BD (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,SCH NAT RESOURCES,112 STEPHENS HALL,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 32 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 58 IS 1 BP 94 EP 99 DI 10.2307/3809554 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA MW306 UT WOS:A1994MW30600013 ER PT J AU WHITE, DH SEGINAK, JT AF WHITE, DH SEGINAK, JT TI DIOXINS AND FURANS LINKED TO REPRODUCTIVE IMPAIRMENT IN WOOD DUCKS SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE AIX-SPONSA; ARKANSAS; CONTAMINANTS; DIOXINS; FURANS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; WOOD DUCKS ID CHICK EDEMA DISEASE; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN; TOXICITY; RESIDUES; EGGS AB A wetland in central Arkansas was contaminated with polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans and because the area was a major waterfowl habitat, we studied the effects of the contamination on nesting wood ducks (Aix sponsa) during 1988-90. Residues in wood duck eggs, based on toxicity equivalency factors (TEFs) for combined compounds, ranged from 0.2 to 611 parts per trillion (ppt) wet mass (70% were the toxic isomer 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin [tetraCDD]) and were 50 times higher in eggs from near the point source than from an uncontaminated reference site Ill km away. Nest success, hatching success, and duckling production were suppressed (P < 0.05) at nesting sites 9 and 17 km downstream, as was hatching success 58 km downstream. Egg TEFs were inversely correlated (P < 0.001) with productivity in corresponding nests. In addition, teratogenic effects occurred in ducklings at the more contaminated nesting site nearest the point source. The threshold range of toxicity (based on TEFs) where reduced productivity was evident in wood ducks was >20-50 ppt. Wood ducks were sensitive to dioxin and furan contamination, and we recommend it as an indicator species for monitoring biological impacts from these contaminants. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,SCH FOREST RESOURCES,SE RES STN,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP WHITE, DH (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708, USA. NR 26 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 58 IS 1 BP 100 EP 106 DI 10.2307/3809555 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA MW306 UT WOS:A1994MW30600014 ER PT J AU OTIS, DL AF OTIS, DL TI OPTIMUM SAMPLE-SIZE ALLOCATION FOR WOOD DUCK BANDING STUDIES SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE AIX-SPONSA; BANDING; OPTIMUM ALLOCATION; RECOVERY RATE; SAMPLE SIZE; SURVIVAL RATE; WOOD DUCK AB Although banding programs are the most important source of information for monitoring the status of wood duck (Aix sponsa) populations, banding quotas generally have not been achieved during the preseason period. LeMaster and Trost (1994) developed a model that accommodated banding during an early period (15 Apr-30 Jun) in addition to the traditional preseason period (1 Jul-15 Sep). Their analysis of existing band recovery data showed that precision of survival and recovery rates for wood duck populations was increased by inclusion of early banded birds. My objective was to develop statistical methodology for computing optimum allocation of effort in the 2 banding periods and to apply this methodology to banding programs for wood ducks. Required early period sample sizes were large, and the relative cost had to be small before banding in the early period became cost effective. However, summer survival rates and movement patterns only can be estimated using early season banding; hence, additional effort may still be warranted if these parameters are of importance. This methodology also can be used as a planning tool for the design of any study in which 2 banding periods per year are used. RP OTIS, DL (reprint author), CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT AQUACULTURE FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,CLEMSON,SC 29634, USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 58 IS 1 BP 114 EP 123 DI 10.2307/3809557 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA MW306 UT WOS:A1994MW30600016 ER PT J AU HARAMIS, GM DERLETH, EL LINK, WA AF HARAMIS, GM DERLETH, EL LINK, WA TI FLOCK SIZES AND SEX-RATIOS OF CANVASBACKS IN CHESAPEAKE BAY AND NORTH-CAROLINA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY; AYTHYA-VALISINERIA; CANVASBACK; CHESAPEAKE BAY; MARYLAND; NORTH CAROLINA; SEX RATIO; VIRGINIA ID DUCKS; DECLINE; WINTER AB Knowledge of the distribution, size, and sex ratios of flocks of wintering canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria) is fundamental to understanding the species' winter ecology and providing guidelines for management. Consequently, in winter 1986-87, we conducted 4 monthly aerial photographic surveys to investigate temporal changes in distribution, size, and sex ratios of canvasback flocks in traditional wintering areas of Chesapeake Bay and coastal North Carolina. Surveys yielded 35-mm imagery of 194,664 canvasbacks in 842 flocks. Models revealed monthly patterns of flock size in North Carolina and Virginia, but no pattern of change in Maryland. A stepwise analysis of flock size and sex ratio fit a common positive slope (increasing proportion male) for all state-month datasets, except for North Carolina in February where the slope was larger (P < 0.001). State and month effects on intercepts were significant (P < 0.001) and confirmed a previously identified latitudinal gradient in sex ratio in the survey region. There was no relationship between flock purity (% canvasbacks vs. other species) and flock size except in North Carolina in january, February, and March when flock purity was related to flock size. Contrasting characteristics in North Carolina with regard to flock size (larger flocks) and flock purity suggested that proximate factors were reinforcing flocking behavior and possibly species fidelity there. Of possible factors, the need to locate foraging sites within this large, open-water environment was hypothesized to be of primary importance. Comparison of january 1981 and 1987 sex ratios indicated no change in Maryland, but lower (P < 0.05) canvasback sex ratios (proportion male) in Virginia and North Carolina. RP HARAMIS, GM (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708, USA. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 58 IS 1 BP 123 EP 131 DI 10.2307/3809558 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA MW306 UT WOS:A1994MW30600017 ER PT J AU MITCHELL, CA CUSTER, TW ZWANK, PJ AF MITCHELL, CA CUSTER, TW ZWANK, PJ TI HERBIVORY ON SHOALGRASS BY WINTERING REDHEADS IN TEXAS SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE AYTHYA-AMERICANA; HALODULE-WRIGHTII; HERBIVORY; LAGUNA MADRE; REDHEAD; SHOALGRASS; TEXAS ID SEAGRASS COMMUNITIES; SNOW GEESE; GROWTH; VEGETATION; PHOSPHORUS; AUSTRALIA; NITROGEN; QUALITY; BIOMASS; ASCHERS AB An estimated 80% Of redheads (Aythya americana) winter On the Laguna Madre of south Texas and Mexico and feed almost exclusively on shoalgrass (Halodule wrightii) rhizomes. Shoalgrass abundance has decreased by 60% over the past 30 years, and because the effects of shoalgrass loss on wintering redheads are unknown, we initiated a study to define habitat selection criteria and document the effect of wintering redheads on shoalgrass in the lower Laguna Madre, Texas. Redheads consumed an average of 75% of shoalgrass rhizome biomass at collection sites each winter. When rhizome biomass was grazed to a mean biomass of less-than-or-equal-to 0.18 g dry mass/core (approximately 10 g dry mass/M2), shoalgrass did not recover to its previous level the following growing season. Thirty-three percent of the sites (10) were grazed below 0.18 g dry mass/core during both years of the study, while 64% (19) were grazed below 0.18 g during 1 or the other of the 2 winters. Ramet number was positively correlated (P < 0.001, r2 = 0.54) with rhizome biomass; however, this relationship was influenced by grazing intensity. Heavy grazing reduced the amount of rhizome attached to each ramet compared with ungrazed ramets. Grazing had no effect on root biomass (P = 0.388), rhizome moisture content (P = 0.553), or soil magnesium, phosphorous, and potassium (P = 0.102, 0.499, 0.162, respectively). Redhead presence increased (P = 0.042) soil nitrogen levels. Foraging areas selected by redheads within the lower Laguna Madre had lower (P = 0.026) salinities (24 ppt) than areas not selected (35 ppt). Redheads did not select foraging areas in relation to crude protein levels in rhizomes. Shoalgrass habitat in the Laguna Madre should be protected from further losses and enhanced where possible. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,SCH FORESTRY WILDLIFE & FISHERIES,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,LOUISIANA COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. OI Custer, Thomas/0000-0003-3170-6519 NR 54 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 58 IS 1 BP 131 EP 141 DI 10.2307/3809559 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA MW306 UT WOS:A1994MW30600018 ER PT J AU KREMENTZ, DG SEGINAK, JT SMITH, DR PENDLETON, GW AF KREMENTZ, DG SEGINAK, JT SMITH, DR PENDLETON, GW TI SURVIVAL RATES OF AMERICAN WOODCOCK WINTERING ALONG THE ATLANTIC COAST SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE AMERICAN WOODCOCK; GEORGIA; LOWER COASTAL PLAIN; PREDATION; SCOLOPAX-MINOR; SOUTH-CAROLINA; SURVIVAL; VIRGINIA ID UNITED-STATES; POPULATION AB Because American woodcock (Scolopax minor) populations have been declining, we attached radio transmitters to woodcock at coastal plain sites to determine if survival during winter was involved in the decline. Sites were in Georgia (1982-84, 1989-92), South Carolina (1988-89), and Virginia (1991-92). Survival rates were not different between age or sex classes. Survival rates differed (P = 0.003) among years. Daily survival rates were lowest (P = 0.030, S = 0.987) during 1982-83 in Georgia and highest (P = 0.004, S = 0.999) during 1990-91 in Georgia than in the other years and locations combined (S = 0.996). We attributed all mortality to raptors and mammals. Compared with other periods of the year, winter was a time of low survival for woodcock. Lower survival rates were possibly a cause of population decline. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,SE RES GRP WARNELL SCH FOREST RESOURCES,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP KREMENTZ, DG (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708, USA. NR 43 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 58 IS 1 BP 147 EP 155 DI 10.2307/3809561 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA MW306 UT WOS:A1994MW30600020 ER PT J AU PEOPLES, AD LOCHMILLER, RL LESLIE, DM BOREN, JC ENGLE, DM AF PEOPLES, AD LOCHMILLER, RL LESLIE, DM BOREN, JC ENGLE, DM TI ESSENTIAL AMINO-ACIDS IN NORTHERN BOBWHITE FOODS SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE AMINO ACID; COLINUS-VIRGINIANUS; NONPROTEIN NITROGEN; NORTHERN BOBWHITE; NUTRITION; OKLAHOMA; PROTEIN ID RUFFED GROUSE; PROTEIN; REQUIREMENTS; HYDROLYSIS; ECOLOGY; QUAIL AB Frequent population declines, high dietary requirements for protein, and the low quality of proteins in agricultural grains led us to hypothesize that essential amino acid (EAA) deficiencies were common in northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) foods. We analyzed amino acid concentrations of 21 northern bobwhite foods and compared them with dietary requirements to derive values that reflected the foods' ability to meet daily bobwhite requirements of 10 EEAs. Despite adequate concentrations of crude protein, deficiencies of EAAs were detected in seeds of all species analyzed. Legumes offered the best mix of EAA, and grasses the poorest. Deficiencies of EEAs relative to maintenance requirements of adults ranged from 13% in legumes to 98% in grasses. About a third of the total nitrogen pool was composed of nonprotein nitrogen with values ranging from 25% for queensdelight stillingia (Stillingia sylvatica) to 44% for redroot amaranth (Amaranthus retroflexus). Computed biological values (ratio of EEA concentrations in seed protein to respective amounts in whole egg protein) ranged from 69 (netleaf hackberry [Celtis reticulata]) to 93 (erect dayflower [Commelina erecta] and woolly croton [Croton capitatus]). Amino acid profiles indicate forage quality better than crude protein estimates. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,STILLWATER,OK 74078. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,STILLWATER,OK 74078. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,OKLAHOMA COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,STILLWATER,OK 74078. NR 44 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 58 IS 1 BP 167 EP 175 DI 10.2307/3809564 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA MW306 UT WOS:A1994MW30600023 ER PT J AU HANEY, JC SCHAUER, AES AF HANEY, JC SCHAUER, AES TI ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABILITY FACILITATES COEXISTENCE WITHIN AN ALCID COMMUNITY AT SEA SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE ALCIDAE (AVE); COEXISTENCE; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; MARINE BIRDS; NICHE DEFINITION ID NORTHERN BERING SEA; THICK-BILLED MURRES; BARROW STRAIT AREA; ST-LAWRENCE-ISLAND; PELAGIC FOOD WEBS; COMMON MURRES; DIVING DEPTHS; CONVERGENT EVOLUTION; SEABIRD COMMUNITIES; MARBLED MURRELETS AB We examined coexistence at sea among 7 taxa of diving, wing-propelled seabirds (Alcidae) in the genera Aethia, Uria, Cepphus, and Fratercula. Species abundances were measured simultaneously with a suite of environmental factors in the northern Bering Sea, Alaska, USA; data from 260 adjacent and non-adjacent sites occupied by alcids foraging offshore near breeding colonies were then subjected to principal component analysis (PCA). We used PCA to group redundant environmental descriptors, to identify orthogonal axes for constructing a multi-dimensional niche, and to differentiate species associations within niche dimensions from species associations among niche dimensions. Decomposition of the correlation matrix for 22 environmental and 7 taxonomic variables with PCA gave 14 components (10 environmental and 4 species interactions) that retained 90 % of the original available variance. Alcid abundances (all species) were most strongly correlated with axes representing tidal stage, a time-area interaction (due to sampling layout), water masses, and a temporal or intra-seasonal trend partially associated with weather changes. Axes representing tidal stage, 2 gradients in macro-habitat (Anadyr and Bering Shelf Water masses), the micro-habitat of the sea surface, and an air-sea interaction were most important for detecting differences among species within niche dimensions. Contrary to assumptions of competition, none of 4 compound variables describing primarily species-interactions gave strong evidence for negative associations between alcid taxa sharing similar body sizes and feeding requirements. This exploratory analysis supports the view that alcids may segregate along environmental gradients at sea. But in this community, segregation was unrelated to foraging distance from colonies, in part because foraging 'substrate' was highly variable in structure, location, and areal extent. We contend that coexistence within this seabird group is facilitated via expanded niche dimensions created from a complex marine environment. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, ALASKA FISH & WILDLIFE RES CTR, ANCHORAGE, AK 99503 USA. UNIV ALASKA, INST MARINE SCI, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775 USA. NR 95 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 103 IS 3 BP 221 EP 237 DI 10.3354/meps103221 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA MN845 UT WOS:A1994MN84500002 ER PT J AU BOTHNER, MH TAKADA, H KNIGHT, IT HILL, RT BUTMAN, B FARRINGTON, JW COLWELL, RR GRASSLE, JF AF BOTHNER, MH TAKADA, H KNIGHT, IT HILL, RT BUTMAN, B FARRINGTON, JW COLWELL, RR GRASSLE, JF TI SEWAGE CONTAMINATION IN SEDIMENTS BENEATH A DEEP-OCEAN DUMP SITE OFF NEW-YORK SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LONG-CHAIN ALKYLBENZENES; MID-ATLANTIC BIGHT; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SEEP-I; SLUDGE; SEA; SLOPE; CONSTITUENTS; PARTICLES; SAMPLES AB The world's largest discharge of municipal sewage sludge to surface waters of the deep sea has caused measurable changes in the concentration of sludge indicators in sea-floor sediments, in a spatial pattern which agrees with the predictions of a recent sludge deposition model. Silver, linear alkylbenzenes, coprostanol, and spores of the bacterium Clostridium perfringens, in bottom sediments and in near-bottom suspended sediment, provide evidence for rapid settling of a portion of discharged solids, accumulation on the sea floor, and biological mixing beneath the water-sediment interface. Biological effects include an increase in 1989 of two species of benthic polychaete worm not abundant at the dump site before sludge dumping began in 1986. These changes in benthic ecology are attributed to the increased deposition of utilizable food in the form of sludge-derived organic matter. C1 TOKYO UNIV AGR & TECHNOL,FAC AGR,FUCHU,TOKYO 183,JAPAN. UNIV MARYLAND,CTR MARINE BIOTECHNOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21202. WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. RUTGERS STATE UNIV,CTR MARINE & COASTAL SCI,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903. JAMES MADISON UNIV,DEPT BIOL,HARRISONBURG,VA 22807. RP BOTHNER, MH (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. RI Takada, Hideshige/G-1096-2013 NR 41 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PY 1994 VL 38 IS 1 BP 43 EP 59 DI 10.1016/0141-1136(94)90045-0 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA NB367 UT WOS:A1994NB36700004 ER PT B AU SHAW, HR AF SHAW, HR BE Glen, W TI THE LITURGY OF SCIENCE - CHAOS, NUMBER, AND THE MEANING OF EVOLUTION SO MASS-EXTINCTION DEBATES: HOW SCIENCE WORKS IN A CRISIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on the Mass-Extinction Debates, at the Biannual Meeting of the International-Society-for-the-History-Philosophy-and-Social-Studies-of-B iology CY JUL 12, 1991 CL NORTHWESTERN UNIV, CHICAGO, IL SP NORTHWESTERN UNIV, INT SOC HIST PHILOS & SOCIAL STUDIES BIOL HO NORTHWESTERN UNIV C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU STANFORD UNIV PRESS PI STANFORD PA STANFORD UNIVERSITY, STANFORD, CA 94305 BN 0-8047-2285-4 PY 1994 BP 170 EP 199 PG 30 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA BA52M UT WOS:A1994BA52M00008 ER PT J AU SCHUSTER, PF REDDY, MM SHERWOOD, SI AF SCHUSTER, PF REDDY, MM SHERWOOD, SI TI EFFECTS OF ACID-RAIN AND SULFUR-DIOXIDE ON MARBLE DISSOLUTION SO MATERIALS PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article ID ADIRONDACK AB Acid precipitation and the dry deposition of sulfur dioxide (SO2) accelerate damage to carbonate-stone monuments and building materials. This study identified and quantified environmental damage to a sample of Vermont marble during storms and their preceding dry periods. Results from field experiments indicated the deposition of SO2 gas to the stone surface during dry periods and a twofold increase in marble dissolution during coincident episodes of low rain rate and decreased rainfall pH. The study is widely applicable to the analysis of carbonate-stone damage at locations affected by acid rain and air pollution. C1 NATL PK SERV,DIV PRESERV ASSIST,WASHINGTON,DC 20013. RP SCHUSTER, PF (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,WRD,3215 MARINE ST,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 9 PU NATL ASSN CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 SN 0094-1492 J9 MATER PERFORMANCE JI Mater. Perform. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 33 IS 1 BP 76 EP 80 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA MR419 UT WOS:A1994MR41900019 ER PT J AU GROSSMAN, JN AF GROSSMAN, JN TI THE METEORITICAL BULLETIN, NO 76, 1994 JANUARY - THE US ANTARCTIC METEORITE COLLECTION SO METEORITICS LA English DT Article ID IRON-METEORITES; COMPOSITIONAL CLASSIFICATION; CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION; CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITE; HIGH ABUNDANCE; ALH85085 AB The Meteoritical Bulletin number 76 contains a list of all classified meteorites collected by the United States' Antarctic meteorite program as of the summer of 1993. The compilation includes available information on classification, mass, weathering, olivine and pyroxene composition, Al-26 activities, natural thermoluminescence levels, pairing, collection location and references to published descriptions for 5537 meteorite specimens. A list of the properties of metallic meteorites and a list of the most significant meteorites by class are also included. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 47 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 SN 0026-1114 J9 METEORITICS JI Meteoritics PD JAN PY 1994 VL 29 IS 1 BP 100 EP 143 PG 44 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MT061 UT WOS:A1994MT06100017 ER PT J AU ELSHEIMER, HN AF ELSHEIMER, HN TI THE DETERMINATION OF TIN, CHLORINE, AND FLUORINE IN 6 JAPANESE SEDIMENTARY STANDARDS SO MIKROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE JAPANESE SEDIMENTARY STANDARDS; TIN; CHLORINE; FLUORINE; GRAPHITE FURNACE ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY; ION-SELECTIVE ELECTRODE POTENTIOMETRY ID SELECTIVE ELECTRODE METHOD AB Concentrations of tin, chlorine, and fluorine in six new Geological Survey of Japan (GSJ) sedimentary standards are reported. Tin was determined using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS), following a lithium metaborate (LMB) fusion of the rock material. Chlorine and fluorine were determined using ion-selective electrode (ISE) potentiometry following an acid digestion and a LMB fusion, respectively. The methods employed are briefly described and determination limits in the rock of 0.2 mug/g for tin, 10 mug/g for chlorine, and 100 mug/g for fluorine are reported. The precision obtained for the six sedimentary standards, expressed as %relative standard deviation, averaged 5.3% over the range of 2-200 mug/g tin, 5.8% over the range of 20-65 mug/g chloride, and 1.7% over the range of 100-4500 mug/g fluoride, all in the rock. This compares favorably to the precision obtained for international geologic reference materials determined concurrently with the GSJ sedimentary standards. The values of tin, chloride, and fluoride obtained for the international reference materials were in favorable agreement with the recommended literature values. RP ELSHEIMER, HN (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0026-3672 J9 MIKROCHIM ACTA JI Mikrochim. Acta PY 1994 VL 112 IS 5-6 BP 189 EP 196 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA ND013 UT WOS:A1994ND01300003 ER PT B AU STRAHLE, WJ MARTINI, MA DAVIS, RE AF STRAHLE, WJ MARTINI, MA DAVIS, RE GP MARINE TECHNOL SOC TI INSTRUMENT PACKAGES TO STUDY LONG TERM SEDIMENT TRANSPORT PROCESSES IN A SHALLOW BAY SO MTS 94 - CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Challenges and Opportunities in the Marine Environment (MTS 94) CY SEP 07-09, 1994 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP MARINE TECHNOL SOC, MARINE TECHNOL SOC, WASHINGTON, DC SECT C1 US GEOL SURVEY,BRANCH ATLANTIC MARINE GEOL,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 BN 0-933957-13-0 PY 1994 BP 8 EP 12 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Marine; Environmental Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BD04Q UT WOS:A1994BD04Q00002 ER PT B AU STRAHLE, WJ WORRILOW, SE FUCILE, PD MARTINI, MA AF STRAHLE, WJ WORRILOW, SE FUCILE, PD MARTINI, MA GP MARINE TECHNOL SOC TI NEW RECORDING PACKAGE FOR VACM PROVIDES SENSOR FLEXIBILITY SO MTS 94 - CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Challenges and Opportunities in the Marine Environment (MTS 94) CY SEP 07-09, 1994 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP MARINE TECHNOL SOC, MARINE TECHNOL SOC, WASHINGTON, DC SECT C1 US GEOL SURVEY,BRANCH ATLANTIC MARINE GEOL,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 BN 0-933957-13-0 PY 1994 BP 152 EP 158 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Marine; Environmental Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BD04Q UT WOS:A1994BD04Q00025 ER PT B AU SZABO, Z RICE, DE IVAHNENKO, T VOWINKEL, EF AF SZABO, Z RICE, DE IVAHNENKO, T VOWINKEL, EF BE Weigmann, DL TI DELINEATION OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF PESTICIDES AND NITRATE IN AN UNCONFINED AQUIFER IN THE NEW-JERSEY COASTAL PLAIN BY FLOW-PATH ANALYSIS SO NEW DIRECTIONS IN PESTICIDE RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, MANAGEMENT, AND POLICY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th National Conference on Pesticides: New Directions in Pesticide Research, Development, Management, and Policy CY NOV 01-03, 1993 CL BLACKSBURG, VA SP Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Water Resources Res Ctr, Amer Water Works Assoc, Natl Ctr Food & Agr Policy, Natl Inst Water Resources, Off Pesticide Management, Pesticide Control Board, Responsible Ind Sound Environm, Rhone Poulenc Ag Co, USDA, Soil Conservat Serv, US EPA, Reg III, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Geolog Survey, Virginia Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, virginia dept game & Inland Fisheries, Virginia Dept Hlth, Dept Conservat & Recreation, Virginia Dept Environm Qual, Virginia Farm Bur, Virginia Forestry Assoc, Virginia Water Control Board, Water Environm Federat DE AGE DATING OF GROUND WATER; AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS; ATRAZINE; FLOW-PATH ANALYSIS; GROUND WATER; NITRATE; PERSISTANCE; PESTICIDES; SECTIONAL MODEL; TRAVEL TIME; TRITIUM; UNCONFINED AQUIFER C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,W TRENTON,NJ 08628. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU VIRGINIA WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH CENTER PI BLACKSBURG PA 617 N MAIN ST, BLACKSBURG, VA 24060 PY 1994 BP 100 EP 119 PG 20 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Chemical; Entomology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Entomology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BD22Z UT WOS:A1994BD22Z00013 ER PT B AU RISCH, MR AF RISCH, MR BE Weigmann, DL TI A SUMMARY OF GOVERNMENT-AGENCY DATA ON THE OCCURRENCE OF PESTICIDES IN INDIANA GROUND WATER SO NEW DIRECTIONS IN PESTICIDE RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, MANAGEMENT, AND POLICY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th National Conference on Pesticides: New Directions in Pesticide Research, Development, Management, and Policy CY NOV 01-03, 1993 CL BLACKSBURG, VA SP Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Water Resources Res Ctr, Amer Water Works Assoc, Natl Ctr Food & Agr Policy, Natl Inst Water Resources, Off Pesticide Management, Pesticide Control Board, Responsible Ind Sound Environm, Rhone Poulenc Ag Co, USDA, Soil Conservat Serv, US EPA, Reg III, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Geolog Survey, Virginia Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, virginia dept game & Inland Fisheries, Virginia Dept Hlth, Dept Conservat & Recreation, Virginia Dept Environm Qual, Virginia Farm Bur, Virginia Forestry Assoc, Virginia Water Control Board, Water Environm Federat DE GROUND WATER; PESTICIDES; INDIANA; DRINKING WATER; AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION C1 US GEOL SURVEY,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46278. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU VIRGINIA WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH CENTER PI BLACKSBURG PA 617 N MAIN ST, BLACKSBURG, VA 24060 PY 1994 BP 142 EP 155 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Chemical; Entomology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Entomology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BD22Z UT WOS:A1994BD22Z00015 ER PT B AU BUXTON, DE STEDFAST, DA AF BUXTON, DE STEDFAST, DA BE Weigmann, DL TI ESTIMATING THE VULNERABILITY TO PESTICIDE CONTAMINATION OF DRAINAGE BASINS USED FOR PUBLIC SUPPLY IN NEW-JERSEY SO NEW DIRECTIONS IN PESTICIDE RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, MANAGEMENT, AND POLICY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th National Conference on Pesticides: New Directions in Pesticide Research, Development, Management, and Policy CY NOV 01-03, 1993 CL BLACKSBURG, VA SP Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Water Resources Res Ctr, Amer Water Works Assoc, Natl Ctr Food & Agr Policy, Natl Inst Water Resources, Off Pesticide Management, Pesticide Control Board, Responsible Ind Sound Environm, Rhone Poulenc Ag Co, USDA, Soil Conservat Serv, US EPA, Reg III, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Geolog Survey, Virginia Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, virginia dept game & Inland Fisheries, Virginia Dept Hlth, Dept Conservat & Recreation, Virginia Dept Environm Qual, Virginia Farm Bur, Virginia Forestry Assoc, Virginia Water Control Board, Water Environm Federat DE DRAINAGE BASINS; AGRICULTURAL PESTICIDES; VULNERABILITY; WATER QUALITY; NONPARAMETRIC STATISTICS; PESTICIDE APPLICATION RATE; AGRICULTURAL LAND USE; SOIL LOSS POTENTIAL; GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM C1 US GEOL SURVEY,W TRENTON,NJ 08628. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU VIRGINIA WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH CENTER PI BLACKSBURG PA 617 N MAIN ST, BLACKSBURG, VA 24060 PY 1994 BP 184 EP 199 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Chemical; Entomology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Entomology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BD22Z UT WOS:A1994BD22Z00018 ER PT B AU WILBER, WG GILLIOM, RJ AF WILBER, WG GILLIOM, RJ BE Weigmann, DL TI CONCEPTS FOR A NATIONAL SYNTHESIS OF PESTICIDES IN MAJOR RIVER BASINS AND AQUIFER SYSTEMS SO NEW DIRECTIONS IN PESTICIDE RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, MANAGEMENT, AND POLICY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th National Conference on Pesticides: New Directions in Pesticide Research, Development, Management, and Policy CY NOV 01-03, 1993 CL BLACKSBURG, VA SP Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Water Resources Res Ctr, Amer Water Works Assoc, Natl Ctr Food & Agr Policy, Natl Inst Water Resources, Off Pesticide Management, Pesticide Control Board, Responsible Ind Sound Environm, Rhone Poulenc Ag Co, USDA, Soil Conservat Serv, US EPA, Reg III, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Geolog Survey, Virginia Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, virginia dept game & Inland Fisheries, Virginia Dept Hlth, Dept Conservat & Recreation, Virginia Dept Environm Qual, Virginia Farm Bur, Virginia Forestry Assoc, Virginia Water Control Board, Water Environm Federat DE AQUIFERS; NAWQA; PESTICIDES; RIVERS C1 US GEOL SURVEY,NATL WATER QUAL ASSESSMENT PROGRAM,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU VIRGINIA WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH CENTER PI BLACKSBURG PA 617 N MAIN ST, BLACKSBURG, VA 24060 PY 1994 BP 428 EP 428 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Chemical; Entomology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Entomology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BD22Z UT WOS:A1994BD22Z00034 ER PT B AU VOWINKEL, EF CLAWGES, RM UCHRIN, CG AF VOWINKEL, EF CLAWGES, RM UCHRIN, CG BE Weigmann, DL TI EVALUATION OF THE VULNERABILITY OF WATER FROM PUBLIC SUPPLY WELLS IN NEW-JERSEY TO CONTAMINATION BY PESTICIDES SO NEW DIRECTIONS IN PESTICIDE RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, MANAGEMENT, AND POLICY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th National Conference on Pesticides: New Directions in Pesticide Research, Development, Management, and Policy CY NOV 01-03, 1993 CL BLACKSBURG, VA SP Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Water Resources Res Ctr, Amer Water Works Assoc, Natl Ctr Food & Agr Policy, Natl Inst Water Resources, Off Pesticide Management, Pesticide Control Board, Responsible Ind Sound Environm, Rhone Poulenc Ag Co, USDA, Soil Conservat Serv, US EPA, Reg III, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Geolog Survey, Virginia Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, virginia dept game & Inland Fisheries, Virginia Dept Hlth, Dept Conservat & Recreation, Virginia Dept Environm Qual, Virginia Farm Bur, Virginia Forestry Assoc, Virginia Water Control Board, Water Environm Federat DE AQUIFER SENSITIVITY; PESTICIDE-USE INTENSITY; VULNERABILITY; PUBLIC SUPPLY WELLS; GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM; MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL MODEL; LAND USE; AGRICULTURE; GOLF COURSES; GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION C1 US GEOL SURVEY,W TRENTON,NJ 08628. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU VIRGINIA WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH CENTER PI BLACKSBURG PA 617 N MAIN ST, BLACKSBURG, VA 24060 PY 1994 BP 495 EP 510 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Chemical; Entomology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Entomology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BD22Z UT WOS:A1994BD22Z00040 ER PT B AU GOOLSBY, DA THURMAN, EM POMES, ML BATTAGLIN, WA AF GOOLSBY, DA THURMAN, EM POMES, ML BATTAGLIN, WA BE Weigmann, DL TI TEMPORAL AND GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF HERBICIDES IN PRECIPITATION IN THE MIDWEST AND NORTHEAST UNITED-STATES, 1990-1991 SO NEW DIRECTIONS IN PESTICIDE RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, MANAGEMENT, AND POLICY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th National Conference on Pesticides: New Directions in Pesticide Research, Development, Management, and Policy CY NOV 01-03, 1993 CL BLACKSBURG, VA SP Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Water Resources Res Ctr, Amer Water Works Assoc, Natl Ctr Food & Agr Policy, Natl Inst Water Resources, Off Pesticide Management, Pesticide Control Board, Responsible Ind Sound Environm, Rhone Poulenc Ag Co, USDA, Soil Conservat Serv, US EPA, Reg III, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Geolog Survey, Virginia Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, virginia dept game & Inland Fisheries, Virginia Dept Hlth, Dept Conservat & Recreation, Virginia Dept Environm Qual, Virginia Farm Bur, Virginia Forestry Assoc, Virginia Water Control Board, Water Environm Federat DE HERBICIDES; ATRAZINE; ALACHLOR; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; HERBICIDES IN RAIN; NADP/NTN; IMMUNOASSAY C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,LAKEWOOD,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU VIRGINIA WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH CENTER PI BLACKSBURG PA 617 N MAIN ST, BLACKSBURG, VA 24060 PY 1994 BP 697 EP 710 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Chemical; Entomology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Entomology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BD22Z UT WOS:A1994BD22Z00059 ER PT B AU BATTAGLIN, WA GOOLSBY, DA AF BATTAGLIN, WA GOOLSBY, DA BE Weigmann, DL TI RELATIONS BETWEEN HERBICIDE USE AND ANNUAL TRANSPORT OF HERBICIDES IN MIDWESTERN RIVERS, 1991-1992 SO NEW DIRECTIONS IN PESTICIDE RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, MANAGEMENT, AND POLICY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th National Conference on Pesticides: New Directions in Pesticide Research, Development, Management, and Policy CY NOV 01-03, 1993 CL BLACKSBURG, VA SP Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Water Resources Res Ctr, Amer Water Works Assoc, Natl Ctr Food & Agr Policy, Natl Inst Water Resources, Off Pesticide Management, Pesticide Control Board, Responsible Ind Sound Environm, Rhone Poulenc Ag Co, USDA, Soil Conservat Serv, US EPA, Reg III, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Geolog Survey, Virginia Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, virginia dept game & Inland Fisheries, Virginia Dept Hlth, Dept Conservat & Recreation, Virginia Dept Environm Qual, Virginia Farm Bur, Virginia Forestry Assoc, Virginia Water Control Board, Water Environm Federat DE HERBICIDES; SURFACE WATER; GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS; ANNUAL TRANSPORT; MISSISSIPPI RIVER C1 US GEOL SURVEY,WRD,LAKEWOOD,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU VIRGINIA WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH CENTER PI BLACKSBURG PA 617 N MAIN ST, BLACKSBURG, VA 24060 PY 1994 BP 711 EP 723 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Chemical; Entomology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Entomology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BD22Z UT WOS:A1994BD22Z00060 ER PT J AU BAILEY, RA CARR, RG AF BAILEY, RA CARR, RG TI PHYSICAL GEOLOGY AND ERUPTIVE HISTORY OF THE MATAHINA IGNIMBRITE, TAUPO VOLCANIC ZONE, NORTH-ISLAND, NEW-ZEALAND SO NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE MATAHINA IGNIMBRITE; CENTRAL VOLCANIC REGION; TAUPO VOLCANIC ZONE; HAROHARO CALDERA; WAIOHAU FAULT; NORTH ISLAND SHEAR BELT; IGNIMBRITE; WELDING ZONATION; CRYSTALLIZATION ZONATION DEVITRIFICATION; SUBAQUEOUS PYROCLASTIC FLOW; LIQUEFACTION; FLUIDIZATION ID PYROCLASTIC FLOWS; EARTHQUAKE; SEDIMENTS; SEA; EMPLACEMENT; DEPOSITS; FACIES; WALES AB The Matahina Ignimbrite is a 280 ka ash-flow sheet that erupted from Haroharo Caldera in the Okataina Volcanic Centre, northern Taupo Volcanic Zone, North Island, New Zealand. The ignimbrite underlies a 2000 km(2) area mainly east of the caldera, ranges in thickness from 5 to 200 m, and has a outflow volume of c. 120 km(3), equivalent to c. 75 km(3) of magma. It is a multiple-flow, compound cooling unit consisting of a basal tephra (fallout) member and three ash-flow members, designated lower, middle, and upper, that record three eruptive pulses separated by brief time intervals, estimated from cooling and compaction modelling to range from 20 to 60 days. Distribution of coarse lithic clasts, together with local interbedded co-ignimbrite lag breccias and tephra layers east of the Puhipuhi Basin, confirm Haroharo Caldera as the eruptive source. Over most of its extent on the Kaingaroa Plateau, the outflow sheet thickens eastward away from its source and attains its greatest thickness in the elongate, north-trending, fault-angle trough formed between the gently east sloping surface of the plateau and the western front of the Ikawhenua Range. Difference in thickness of the ignimbrite across the fault bounding the west front of the Ikawhenua Range suggests that during the short time interval between emplacement of the lower and middle ash-flow members, a major tectonic event caused at least 10 m displacement on the fault locally. Circumstantial evidence supporting this early syneruptive tectonic event is found along the Bay of Plenty coast where penecontemporaneous liquefaction structures, possibly seismically induced, occur in the distal subaqueous facies of the lower ash-flow member. The presence of such liquefaction structures in the Matahina and other coastal New Zealand ignimbrites suggests a possible close association between tectonism and major ignimbrite eruptions. RP BAILEY, RA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS-910,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 74 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU SIR PUBLISHING PI WELLINGTON PA PO BOX 399, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND SN 0028-8306 J9 NEW ZEAL J GEOL GEOP JI N. Z. J. Geol. Geophys. PY 1994 VL 37 IS 3 BP 319 EP 344 PG 26 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA PN149 UT WOS:A1994PN14900006 ER PT J AU NAFTZ, DL SCHUSTER, PF REDDY, MM AF NAFTZ, DL SCHUSTER, PF REDDY, MM TI ASSESSMENT OF SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF MAJOR-ION CONCENTRATIONS AND DEL O-18 VALUES IN SURFACE SNOW, UPPER FREMONT GLACIER, WYOMING, USA SO NORDIC HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article AB One hundred samples were collected from the surface of the Upper Fremont Glacier at equally spaced intervals defined by an 8,100 m2 snow grid to assess the significance of lateral variability in major-ion concontrations and del oxygen-18 values. For the major ions, the largest concentration range within the snow grid was sodium (0.5056 mg/l) and the smallest concentration range was sulfate (0.125 mg/l). Del oxygen-18 values showed a range of 7.45 per mil. Comparison of the observed variability of each chemical constituent to the variability expected by measurement error indicated substantial lateral variability within the surface-snow layer. Results of the nested ANOVA indicate most of the variance for every constituent is the values grouped at the two smaller geographic scales (between 506 m2 and within 506 m2 sections). Calcium and sodium concentrations and del oxygen-18 values displayed the largest amount of variance at the largest geographic scale (between 2,025 m2 sections) within the grid and ranged from 14 to 26 per cent of the total variance. The variance data from the snow grid were used to develop equations to evaluate the significance of both positive and negative concentration/value peaks of nitrate and del oxygen-18 with depth, in a 160 m ice core. Solving the equations indicates that both the nitrate and del oxygen-18 ice-core profiles have concentration/value trends that exceed the limits expected from lateral variability. Values of del oxygen-18 in the section from 110-150 m below the surface consistently vary outside the expected limits and possibly represents cooler temperatures during the Little Ice Age from about 1810 to 1725 A.D. RP NAFTZ, DL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,1745 W 1700 S,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84104, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU NORDISK ASSN HYDROLOGY PI DK LYNGBY PA TECHNICAL UNIV DENMARK BUILDING 115, 2800 DK LYNGBY, DENMARK SN 0029-1277 J9 NORD HYDROL JI Nord. Hydrol. PY 1994 VL 25 IS 5 BP 371 EP 388 PG 18 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA QB151 UT WOS:A1994QB15100005 ER PT J AU GRONLIE, A NAESER, CW NAESER, ND MITCHELL, JG STURT, BA INESON, PR AF GRONLIE, A NAESER, CW NAESER, ND MITCHELL, JG STURT, BA INESON, PR TI FISSION-TRACK AND K-AR DATING OF TECTONIC ACTIVITY IN A TRANSECT ACROSS THE MORE-TRONDELAG FAULT ZONE, CENTRAL NORWAY SO NORSK GEOLOGISK TIDSSKRIFT LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORWAY; THERMAL HISTORY; AGE; COMPLEX; REGION; GEOCHRONOLOGY; FELDSPARS; APATITE; UPLIFT AB Fission-track dating of apatite, zircon and sphene, and K-Ar dating of K-feldspars in samples taken from a transect across the More-Trondelag Fault Zone in Trondelag confirm the long-lived nature claimed for this complex fault zone. Apatite, zircon and sphene, which have blocking temperatures of 125-degrees +/- 25-degrees-C, 200-degrees +/- 50-degrees-C and 250-degrees +/- 50-degrees-C, respectively, together indicate a complex history of post-Caledonian tectonism. Uplift and cooling are indicated in Early Palaeozoic (Late Ordovician-Early Carboniferous) and Triassic-Jurassic times, with erosion of at least 3 km of Early and possibly Late Palaeozoic supracrustal cover since the Late Palaeozoic. Late Jurassic activity is indicated along the Verran Fault. C1 NORGES GEOL UNDERSOKELSE,N-7002 TRONDHEIM,NORWAY. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. UNIV NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE,DEPT PHYS,NEWCASTLE TYNE NE1 7RU,TYNE & WEAR,ENGLAND. UNIV SHEFFIELD,EARTH SCI UNIT,SHEFFIELD S3 7HF,S YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. NR 56 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 2 PU SCANDINAVIAN UNIVERSITY PRESS PI OSLO PA PO BOX 2959 TOYEN, JOURNAL DIVISION CUSTOMER SERVICE, N-0608 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0029-196X J9 NORSK GEOL TIDSSKR JI Nord. Geol. Tidsskr. PY 1994 VL 74 IS 1 BP 24 EP 34 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA NU527 UT WOS:A1994NU52700004 ER PT B AU NORDSTROM, DK AF NORDSTROM, DK BE vonMaravic, H Smellie, J TI ON THE EVALUATION AND APPLICATION OF GEOCHEMICAL MODELS SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY: FIFTH CEC NATURAL ANALOGUE WORKING GROUP MEETING AND ALLIGATOR RIVERS ANALOGUE PROJECT (ARAP) FINAL WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th CEC Natural-Analogue-Working-Group Meeting/Alligator-Rivers-Analogue-Project (ARAP) Final Workshop CY OCT 05-09, 1992 CL TOLEDO, SPAIN SP COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, ORG ECON COOPERAT & DEV, NUCL ENERGY AGCY, AUSTR NUCL SCI & TECH ORG C1 US GEOL SURVEY,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMMISSION EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES PI LUXEMBOURG PA SCI & TECH COMMUN UNIT, DG-XIII/C-3 JEAN MONNET BLDG, RUE ALCIDE DE GASPERI, LUXEMBOURG, LUXEMBOURG L-2920 BN 92-826-7091-0 PY 1994 BP 375 EP 386 PG 12 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Water Resources SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Water Resources GA BA51N UT WOS:A1994BA51N00048 ER PT B AU STRAHLE, WJ WORRILOW, SE FUCILE, PD MARTINI, MA AF STRAHLE, WJ WORRILOW, SE FUCILE, PD MARTINI, MA GP IEEE TI NEW RECORDING PACKAGE FOR VACM PROVIDES SENSOR FLEXIBILITY SO OCEAN 94 - OCEANS ENGINEERING FOR TODAY'S TECHNOLOGY AND TOMORROW'S PRESERVATION, PROCEEDINGS, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 94/OSATES Conference on Oceans Engineering for Today's Technology and Tomorrow's Preservation CY 1994 CL BREST, FRANCE SP IEEE, OCEAN ENGN SOC, SOC ELECTRICIENS & ELECTRONICIENS, COMMUNAUTE URBAINE BREST C1 US GEOL SURVEY,BRANCH ATLANTIC MARINE GEOL,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-2056-5 PY 1994 BP A391 EP A396 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Marine; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Acoustics; Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BB95H UT WOS:A1994BB95H00069 ER PT B AU STRAHLE, WJ MARTINI, MA DAVIS, RE AF STRAHLE, WJ MARTINI, MA DAVIS, RE GP IEEE TI INSTRUMENT PACKAGES TO STUDY LONG TERM SEDIMENT TRANSPORT PROCESSES IN A SHALLOW BAY SO OCEAN 94 - OCEANS ENGINEERING FOR TODAY'S TECHNOLOGY AND TOMORROW'S PRESERVATION, PROCEEDINGS, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 94/OSATES Conference on Oceans Engineering for Today's Technology and Tomorrow's Preservation CY 1994 CL BREST, FRANCE SP IEEE, OCEAN ENGN SOC, SOC ELECTRICIENS & ELECTRONICIENS, COMMUNAUTE URBAINE BREST C1 US GEOL SURVEY,BRANCH ATLANTIC MARINE GEOL,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-2056-5 PY 1994 BP A21 EP A24 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Marine; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Acoustics; Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BB95H UT WOS:A1994BB95H00002 ER PT J AU KARL, HA SCHWAB, WC WRIGHT, ASC DRAKE, DE CHIN, JL DANFORTH, WW UEBER, E AF KARL, HA SCHWAB, WC WRIGHT, ASC DRAKE, DE CHIN, JL DANFORTH, WW UEBER, E TI ACOUSTIC MAPPING AS AN ENVIRONMENTAL-MANAGEMENT TOOL .1. DETECTION OF BARRELS OF LOW-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE-WASTE, GULF-OF-THE-FARALLONES NATIONAL-MARINE-SANCTUARY, CALIFORNIA SO OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB The oceans have been and will continue to be disposal sites for a wide variety of waste products. Often these wastes are not dumped at the designated sites or transport occurs during or after dumping, and, subsequent attempts to monitor the effects the waste products have on the environment are inadequate because the actual location of the waste is not known. Acoustic mapping of the seafloor with sidescan sonar is a very effective technique for locating and monitoring dredge-spoil material and other debris. Sidescan sonar provides an acoustic image or sonograph of the sea floor that is similar to a satellite image of the Earth's land surface. In effect sidescan sonar allows the water column to be stripped from the sea floor, thereby providing a clear, unobstructed view of the sea bed. An example of the potential of this technique is summarized herein for the Gulf of the Farallones region. More than 47 800 drums (55 gallon) and other containers of low-level radioactive waste were dumped on the continental margin offshore the San Francisco Bay between 1946 and 1970. These drums now litter a large area (1200 km2) of the sea floor within the Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary (GFNMS). The exact location of the drums and the potential hazard the drums pose to the environment are unknown. To evaluate the risk, samples of the sediment, biota and water must be collected near and distant from the concentrations of barrels. To do this the exact location of the barrels must be known prior to sampling. The USGS, through a cooperative research agreement with GFNMS, used sidescan sonar to map two areas within the sanctuary. Total sea-floor coverage was obtained and computer-processed sonographic mosaics were constructed on board ship. Many small nongeologic targets were distributed throughout the survey areas that covered about 70 km2 on the shelf and 120 kM2 on the slope. Analysis of the sidescan data suggests that the targets are 55-gallon drums. This interpretation was confirmed at one site with an underwater video and 35-mm camera system. Data were collected with both a 30-kHz and a 120-kHz sidescan system within a 15-km2 area on the shelf. We found that the barrels were more easily detected with the mid-range 30-kHz system than with the higher resolution 120-kHz system. Maps of barrel distribution derived from the sonographs are being used to design sampling schemes to evaluate the risk that the radioactivity may have on the biota and environment. RP KARL, HA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MS-999,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0964-5691 J9 OCEAN COAST MANAGE JI Ocean Coastal Manage. PY 1994 VL 22 IS 3 BP 201 EP 227 DI 10.1016/0964-5691(94)90032-9 PG 27 WC Oceanography; Water Resources SC Oceanography; Water Resources GA ND519 UT WOS:A1994ND51900003 ER PT B AU STRAHLE, WJ PEREZ, CL MARTINI, MA AF STRAHLE, WJ PEREZ, CL MARTINI, MA GP IEEE TI ANTIFOULING LEACHING TECHNIQUE FOR OPTICAL LENSES SO OCEANS 94 - OCEANS ENGINEERING FOR TODAY'S TECHNOLOGY AND TOMORROW'S PRESERVATION, PROCEEDINGS, VOL II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 94/OSATES Conference on Oceans Engineering for Today's Technology and Tomorrow's Preservation CY 1994 CL BREST, FRANCE SP IEEE, OCEAN ENGN SOC, SOC ELECTRICIENS & ELECTRONICIENS, COMMUNAUTE URBAINE BREST C1 US GEOL SURVEY,ATLANTIC MARINE GEOL BRANCH,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-2056-5 PY 1994 BP B710 EP B715 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Marine; Mechanics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Acoustics; Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mechanics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BB95J UT WOS:A1994BB95J00130 ER PT J AU BOSTICK, NH DAWS, TA AF BOSTICK, NH DAWS, TA TI RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN DATA FROM ROCK-EVAL PYROLYSIS AND PROXIMATE, ULTIMATE, PETROGRAPHIC, AND PHYSICAL ANALYSES OF 142 DIVERSE UNITED-STATES COAL SAMPLES SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE COAL; USA; CHEMISTRY; PYROLYSIS; ROCK-EVAL; RANK; ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUE; VITRINITE REFLECTANCE ID ORGANIC-MATTER; PETROLEUM; CARBON AB Basic research on coal and oil shale led to automated pyrolysis analysis of petroleum source rocks; most widely used is the Rock-Eval equipment. In order to interpret Rock-Eval analyses in relation to traditional coal data, we analyzed 142 commercial coals with diverse rank, age, maceral and sulfur contents, for most regions of the United States. We compared the Rock-Eval data with traditional industrial coal data, including volatile matter, calorific value, hydrogen and oxygen content, free swelling index, and vitrinite reflectance. We found: (1) there is a close relationship between T(max) and vitrinite reflectance in the ranges 420-590-degrees-C T(max) and 0.4-3%R(o)max of most coals. (2) A close relationship between T(max) and volatile matter (%VM) extends through the entire sample range, including low-rank samples with 35-70%VM. a range where %VM is not considered to be a useful rank parameter. (3) TOC of medium- and high-rank coals is seriously under-measured by Rock-Eval; TOC of low-rank coals (less than 0.8%R(o)max) is close to ''dry basis'' carbon from ultimate analysis. (4) The direct relationships between oxygen index (OI) and %O and between hydrogen index (HI) and %H are clear, though only broadly defined. However, there is virtually no band of concentrated data points on the HI versus OI pseudo-Van Krevelen diagram comparable to the ''development line'' on the H/C versus O/C diagram. (5) There are systematic relationships between Rock-Eval and industrial coal parameters such as calorific value and FSI, but much standardization would be needed before Rock-Eval could find a place in the coal industry. Tests with blends of coal and quartz sand and with various loads of coal alone showed that the amount of organic matter in the Rock-Eval load greatly influences results. Total load in the crucible, if largely inert, plays a small role, however. Increasing absolute or relative coal content causes under-evaluation of Rock-Eval TOC and over-rating of hydrogen. Blends of several coals yielded hydrogen and oxygen indexes related proportionally to the properties of the individual coals, but T(max) is not raised by addition of high-rank coal until over 40% is added. RP BOSTICK, NH (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,MS-972,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 45 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 21 IS 1 BP 35 EP 49 DI 10.1016/0146-6380(94)90086-8 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MY372 UT WOS:A1994MY37200004 ER PT J AU LYONS, PC SPEARS, DA OUTERBRIDGE, WF CONGDON, RD EVANS, HT AF LYONS, PC SPEARS, DA OUTERBRIDGE, WF CONGDON, RD EVANS, HT TI EURAMERICAN TONSTEINS - OVERVIEW, MAGMATIC ORIGIN, AND DEPOSITIONAL-TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VOLCANIC-ASH; COALFIELD; BENTONITES; BRITISH AB Carboniferous tonsteins (kaolinized volcanic-ash beds) of wide geographic distribution are known in both Europe and North America. Relict volcanic minerals common in these Euramerican tonsteins are volcanic quartz (including beta-quartz paramorphs), zircon and ilmenite; less common are magnetite, fayalite, rutile, monazite, xenotime, apatite and sanidine. Data for two relatively thick (3-13 cm) and widespread (> 400 km) European tonsteins (Erda and Sub-Worsley Four-foot) indicate an increase in detrital quartz near the top of the beds which indicates mixing with normal clastic sediments, including the introduction of heavy detrital minerals (e.g., tourmaline and garnet). These thick tonsteins show multiple horizontal bedding, normal graded bedding, disturbed bedding, and centimeter-scale scour surfaces. The Fire Clay tonstein in North America represents from one to five separate volcanic air-fall ash deposits as determined by normal graded bedding and mineralogical analysis. These features indicate several episodes of volcanic-ash deposition and very localized subsequent erosion and bioturbation. Electron microprobe data from glass inclusions in volcanic quartz in Euramerican tonsteins indicate a rhyolitic origin for these tonsteins and reveal chemical ''fingerprints'' valuable for intra- and inter-basinal correlations. However, the tectonic framework for European and North American tonsteins was quite different. In Europe, volcanic-ash beds were associated with Variscan collisional tectonics, whereas in North America, volcanic ash was associated with Ouachita tectonic activity, explosive volcanism from the Yucatan block, collision between the South American and North American plates, and the formation of Pangea. C1 UNIV SHEFFIELD, DEPT EARTH SCI, SHEFFIELD S3 7HF, S YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND. RP LYONS, PC (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, MS 956 NATL CTR, RESTON, VA 22092 USA. NR 66 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 EI 1872-616X J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 106 IS 1-4 BP 113 EP 134 DI 10.1016/0031-0182(94)90006-X PG 22 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA MZ756 UT WOS:A1994MZ75600005 ER PT B AU ZOBACK, ML AF ZOBACK, ML BE Roure, F TI Present day stress in plate boundaries zones: Influence of relative motions and plate geometry SO PERI-TETHYAN PLATFORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IFP/PERI-Tethys Research Conference on Peri-Tethyan Platforms CY MAR 23-25, 1993 CL ARLES, FRANCE SP Commiss European Communities, Inst Francais Petr, Univ Pierre & Marie Curie, Paris VI, TOTAL, Elf Acquitaine Prod, Bur Rech Geol & Minieres, Inst Natl Sci Univ, Shell C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITIONS TECHNIP PI PARIS PA 27 RUE GINOUX, 75737 PARIS, FRANCE BN 2-7108-0679-7 PY 1994 BP 121 EP 128 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BD55F UT WOS:A1994BD55F00006 ER PT J AU NORD, GL AF NORD, GL TI TRANSFORMATION-INDUCED TWIN BOUNDARIES IN MINERALS SO PHASE TRANSITIONS LA English DT Article DE TWINS; TWIN MIGRATION; PHASE TRANSITIONS; FERROELASTIC ID BETA-PHASE-TRANSITION; INCOMMENSURATE PHASE; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; STRUCTURAL STATES; ILMENITE-HEMATITE; ALKALI FELDSPARS; DOMAIN-STRUCTURE; ORDER-DISORDER AB Two types of twins are formed during symmetry-breaking transitions in minerals, merohedral twins and pseudomerohedral twins. The shape and orientation of the twin boundaries depends on the spontaneous strain. Merohedral twin boundaries from transitions with low strain commonly have smoothly curving surfaces as found in dolomite, ferrian ilmenite, vesuvianite and leucite. Dauphine twins in quartz, although merohedral twins, have straight boundaries because of the large amount of spontaneous strain associated with the transition. Pseudomerohedral twins (ferroelastic twins) have straight boundaries as found in leucite, cordierite, feldspar, perovskite and cristobalite. The large spontaneous strains (up to 5%) associated with these latter transitions form single and multiple needle twins at boundary intersections as well as long-range strains which can be imaged in the transmission electron microscope. Many of these transitions provide useful information to the earth scientist, as will be discussed. RP NORD, GL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,959 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 45 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 7 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0141-1594 J9 PHASE TRANSIT JI Phase Transit. PY 1994 VL 48 IS 1-3 BP 107 EP 134 DI 10.1080/01411599408200356 PN B PG 28 WC Crystallography; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Crystallography; Physics GA RV408 UT WOS:A1994RV40800007 ER PT J AU SIPKIN, SA NEEDHAM, RE AF SIPKIN, SA NEEDHAM, RE TI MOMENT-TENSOR SOLUTIONS ESTIMATED USING OPTIMAL FILTER THEORY - GLOBAL SEISMICITY, 1992 SO PHYSICS OF THE EARTH AND PLANETARY INTERIORS LA English DT Letter ID EARTHQUAKE SOURCE PARAMETERS; WAVEFORM DATA; INVERSION AB Moment-tensor solutions, estimated using optimal filter theory, are listed for 133 moderate-to-large earthquakes occurring during 1992. RP SIPKIN, SA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DFC,MS 967,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-9201 J9 PHYS EARTH PLANET IN JI Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 82 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1016/0031-9201(94)90097-3 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MV340 UT WOS:A1994MV34000001 ER PT B AU KECK, BL AF KECK, BL BE Markham, JW Duda, AL TI MOVING YOUR LIBRARY SO PRESERVING THE PAST, LOOKING TO THE FUTURE: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 19TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF AQUATIC AND MARINE SCIENCE LIBRARIES AND INFORMATION CENTERS SE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF AQUATIC AND MARINE SCIENCE, LIBRARIES AND INFORMATION CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual Conference of the International-Association-of-Aquatic-and-Marine-Science Libraries-and-Information-Centers - Preserving the Past, Looking to the Future CY OCT 11-15, 1993 CL BETHESDA, MD SP INT ASSOC AQUAT & MARINE SCI LIB & INFORMAT CTR C1 US GEOL SURVEY LIB,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC MARINE SCIENCE LIBRARIES & INFORMATION CENTER PI FORT PIERCE PA C/O HBOI LIBRARY, 5600 OLD DIXIE HWY, FORT PIERCE, FL 34946 J9 IAMSLIC C S PY 1994 BP 183 EP 191 PG 9 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA BB47E UT WOS:A1994BB47E00023 ER PT B AU Herring, JR AF Herring, JR GP FERTILIZER IND ROUND TABLE TI Overview of phosphorite deposits in the Sirhan-Turayf Basin, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 44TH ANNUAL MEETING FERTILIZER INDUSTRY ROUND TABLE 1994 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting Fertilizer Industry Round Table CY NOV 07-09, 1994 CL LAKE BUENA VISTA, FL SP Fertilizer Ind Round Table C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FERTILIZER INDUSTRY ROUND TABLE PI GLEN ARM PA PAUL J PROSSER, SECRETARY, GLEN ARM, MD 21057 PY 1994 BP 151 EP 158 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BE49M UT WOS:A1994BE49M00025 ER PT S AU Holtschlag, DJ AF Holtschlag, DJ BE Albert, MR TI Computation of ice-affected streamflow by use of simulation modeling and error integration SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTY-FIRST ANNUAL EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANNUAL EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 51st Annual Eastern Snow Conference CY JUN 15-16, 1994 CL DEARBORN, MI DE streamflow; ice; simulation analysis C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,LANSING,MI 48911. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE PI NEWMARKET PA 161 LONDON RD, NEWMARKET ON L3Y 7A7, CANADA SN 0424-1932 BN 0-920081-16-9 J9 PROC ANN E SNOW CONF PY 1994 BP 45 EP 54 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BF91V UT WOS:A1994BF91V00005 ER PT B AU PETERS, DD AF PETERS, DD GP ENVIRONM RES INST MICHIGAN TI USE OF AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY FOR MAPPING WETLANDS IN THE UNITED-STATES - NATIONAL WETLANDS INVENTORY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL AIRBORNE REMOTE SENSING CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION: APPLICATIONS, TECHNOLOGY, AND SCIENCE, VOL III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Airborne Remote Sensing Conference and Exhibition - Applications, Technology, and Science CY SEP 12-15, 1994 CL STRASBOURG, FRANCE SP GEN COUNCIL LOWER RHINE, FRANCE, ENVIRONM RES INST MICHIGAN, GER INTRADAN , DENMARK, GRP SCI TELEDETECT SPATIALE, FRANCE, LOUIS PASTEUR UNIV, FRANCE, MARINE SPILL RESPONSE CORP, US, NASA, US, REG COUNCIL ALSACE, FRANCE, STRASBOURG INT AIRPORT, FRANCE, VILLE STRASBOURG, FRANCE, CNR, NOAA, NATL SCI FDN, US C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PORTLAND,OR. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INST MICHIGAN PI ANN ARBOR PA PO BOX 134001, ANN ARBOR, MI 48113-4001 PY 1994 BP 165 EP 173 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BC38Z UT WOS:A1994BC38Z00017 ER PT B AU Seibert, SG Wooding, JB AF Seibert, SG Wooding, JB BE Eversole, AG TI Evaluation of breakaway radio collars on black bears in Florida SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORTY-EIGHTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE - SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION OF FISH AND WILDLIFE AGENCIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 48th Annual Conference of Southeastern-Association-of-Fish-and-Wildlife-Agencies CY OCT 23-26, 1994 CL BILOXI, MS SP SE Assoc Fish & Wildlife Agencies AB Using radio collars on black bears (Ursus americanus) has greatly increased our knowledge of this species. Excessive body growth of collared bears can result in neck injuries from radio collars, however; therefore, techniques have been developed to resolve such problems. Three types of breakaway devices were used on black bear radio collars in Florida. Forty-eight collars (Telonics breakaway, N = 10; surgical tubing breakaway, N = 11; leather spacer breakaway, N = 27) were placed on bears in the Apalachicola and Ocala National Forests. Collar life averaged 163 +/- 22 (SE) days (N = 4), 185 +/- 21 days (N = 7), and 399 +/- 48 days (N = 10) for surgical tubing, Telonics, and leather space types, respectively. Collars with leather spacers lasted significantly longer (P < 0.001) than other collar types. No neck injuries were observed during the study. RP Seibert, SG (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,6620 SOUTHPOINT DR S,SUITE 310,JACKSONVILLE,FL 32216, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION FISH & WILDLIFE AGENCIES (SEAFWA) PI BATON ROUGE PA C/O JOE J HERRING 102 RODNEY DR, BATON ROUGE, LA 70808 PY 1994 BP 247 EP 251 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Ornithology; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA BJ69M UT WOS:A1994BJ69M00030 ER PT B AU Kasbohm, JW Vaughan, MR Kraus, JG AF Kasbohm, JW Vaughan, MR Kraus, JG BE Eversole, AG TI Black bear harvest and nuisance behavior in response to gypsy moth infestation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORTY-EIGHTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE - SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION OF FISH AND WILDLIFE AGENCIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 48th Annual Conference of Southeastern-Association-of-Fish-and-Wildlife-Agencies CY OCT 23-26, 1994 CL BILOXI, MS SP SE Assoc Fish & Wildlife Agencies AB Yearly food supplies influence black bear(Ursus americanus) harvest and nuisance behavior. During 1987-1990, gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) infestation in northwestern Virginia, especially in Shenandoah National Park (SNP), resulted in widespread defoliation, acorn failure, and subsequent alterations in bear behavior. We believed canopy opening and especially acorn failure would lead to increased hunter harvest and nuisance behavior in defoliated regions of Virginia. In the defoliated region of Virginia, 138 +/- 12 bears/yr and 220 +/- 12 bears/yr were harvested before (1980-1986) and during infestation, respectively (P = 0.03). In addition, proportion of females harvested in this region increased from 34% to 40% (P = 0.09). These increases may have resulted from increased bear movements in fall and, hence, greater bear susceptibility to hunting during infestation. Significant differences in harvest or harvest sex ratios before and during infestation could not be demonstrated in regions of Virginia not experiencing defoliation. Number of nuisance bears captured near SNP during 1987-1990 was twice that during 1981-1986, but the increase may have been unrelated to gypsy moth infestation; fall nuisance activity showed little increase despite acorn failure. Nuisance behavior within SNP was not affected by canopy loss or acorn failure. Defoliation enhanced soft mast production and may have allowed bears to avoid turning to higher levels of nuisance activity that might be expected during more conventional hard mast failures. RP Kasbohm, JW (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ROUTE 3,BOX 64,LIVE OAK,FL 32060, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION FISH & WILDLIFE AGENCIES (SEAFWA) PI BATON ROUGE PA C/O JOE J HERRING 102 RODNEY DR, BATON ROUGE, LA 70808 PY 1994 BP 261 EP 269 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Ornithology; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA BJ69M UT WOS:A1994BJ69M00032 ER PT B AU Hunter, WC Mueller, AJ Hardy, CL AF Hunter, WC Mueller, AJ Hardy, CL BE Eversole, AG TI Managing for red-cockaded woodpeckers and neotropical migrants - Is there a conflict? SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORTY-EIGHTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE - SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION OF FISH AND WILDLIFE AGENCIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 48th Annual Conference of Southeastern-Association-of-Fish-and-Wildlife-Agencies CY OCT 23-26, 1994 CL BILOXI, MS SP SE Assoc Fish & Wildlife Agencies AB Because managing pine habitats for red-cockaded woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) may result in reductions in habitat for certain neotropical migrant species, an apparent conflict exists between these species when managing stands of pine. However, other high priority species are likely to increase in areas managed for red-cockaded woodpeckers. The Partners in Flight prioritization scheme and research on bird-habitat relationships indicate that most high priority neotropical migrants in the East Gulf Coastal Plain are managed for best in bottomland hardwoods. In contrast, most high priority temperate migrant and resident bird species prosper in mature open pine habitat. Management conflict disappears when managing for red-cockaded woodpeckers and other pine associated species on a landscape scale. This process has ramifications for developing strategies to effectively conserve biodiversity in managed areas. RP Hunter, WC (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,1875 CENTURY BLVD,SUITE 200,ATLANTA,GA 30345, USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION FISH & WILDLIFE AGENCIES (SEAFWA) PI BATON ROUGE PA C/O JOE J HERRING 102 RODNEY DR, BATON ROUGE, LA 70808 PY 1994 BP 383 EP 394 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Ornithology; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA BJ69M UT WOS:A1994BJ69M00047 ER PT B AU Reid, JA Whiting, RM AF Reid, JA Whiting, RM BE Eversole, AG TI Herpetofauna of pitcher plant bogs and adjacent forests in eastern Texas SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORTY-EIGHTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE - SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION OF FISH AND WILDLIFE AGENCIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 48th Annual Conference of Southeastern-Association-of-Fish-and-Wildlife-Agencies CY OCT 23-26, 1994 CL BILOXI, MS SP SE Assoc Fish & Wildlife Agencies AB Species composition and relative abundance of amphibians and reptiles were examined in 5 pitcher plant bogs and adjacent forests in eastern Texas. The herpetofaunal communities of the bogs and forests were compared and changes throughout a year were traced. Amphibians and reptiles were censused using drift fence arrays with funnel traps and 15-minute time-area searches. In the bogs, 407 individuals of 28 species were recorded; 468 individuals of 28 species were counted in the forests. More amphibian species and individuals were found in bogs (P < 0.050), and more reptile individuals (P < 0.050) were recorded in forests. Two amphibian and 5 reptile species comprised 87.1% of all individuals. The ground skink (Scincella lateralis) was the dominant species, representing 46.3% of all individuals. Ground skinks and six-lined racerunners (Cnemidophorus sexlineatus) preferred the forests (P < 0.050), coal skinks (Eumeces anthracinus) preferred the bogs (P < 0.050), and green anoles (Anolis carolinensis), dwarf salamanders (Eurycea quadridigitata), eastern narrowmouth toads (Gastrophryne carolinensis), and fence lizards (Sceloporus undulatus) showed no significant preferences. RP Reid, JA (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,701 N 1ST ST,LUFTKIN,TX 75901, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION FISH & WILDLIFE AGENCIES (SEAFWA) PI BATON ROUGE PA C/O JOE J HERRING 102 RODNEY DR, BATON ROUGE, LA 70808 PY 1994 BP 411 EP 421 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Ornithology; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA BJ69M UT WOS:A1994BJ69M00050 ER PT B AU LANDMEYER, JE CHAPELLE, FH BRADLEY, PM STONE, PA AF LANDMEYER, JE CHAPELLE, FH BRADLEY, PM STONE, PA BE Stanford, JA Valett, HM TI MICROBIAL ACTIVITY IN SAPROLITE AQUIFERS OVERLYING 2 DIFFERENT TYPES OF METAMORPHIC BEDROCK, SOUTH-CAROLINA, USA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GROUND WATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Ground Water Ecology CY MAR 27-30, 1994 CL ATLANTA, GA SP US EPA, AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, AMER INST BIOL SCI, AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, AMER SOC LIMNOL & OCEANOG, ASSOC AMER STATE GEOLOGISTS, ASSOC GROUND WATER SCIENTISTS & ENGINEERS, ECOLOG SOC AMER, IAHS, INT COMMISS GROUNDWATER, N AMER BENTHOLOG SOC, US GEOLOG SURVEY DE PIEDMONT; SAPROLITE; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; SAPROLITE FORMATION; GROUND WATER C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,MICROBIAL STUDIES GRP,COLUMBIA,SC 29210. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 22070-5528 BN 1-882132-28-9 PY 1994 BP 137 EP 142 PG 6 WC Ecology; Geology; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA BC51S UT WOS:A1994BC51S00015 ER PT B AU BRADLEY, PM CHAPELLE, FH LANDMEYER, JE AF BRADLEY, PM CHAPELLE, FH LANDMEYER, JE BE Stanford, JA Valett, HM TI MICROBIAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF TNT AND DNT IN CONTAMINATED SOILS AND AQUIFER MATERIALS AT WELDON-SPRING, MISSOURI SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GROUND WATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Ground Water Ecology CY MAR 27-30, 1994 CL ATLANTA, GA SP US EPA, AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, AMER INST BIOL SCI, AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, AMER SOC LIMNOL & OCEANOG, ASSOC AMER STATE GEOLOGISTS, ASSOC GROUND WATER SCIENTISTS & ENGINEERS, ECOLOG SOC AMER, IAHS, INT COMMISS GROUNDWATER, N AMER BENTHOLOG SOC, US GEOLOG SURVEY DE TNT; DNT; GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION; MICROBIOLOGY; BIOREMEDIATION C1 US GEOL SURVEY,WRD,COLUMBIA,SC 29210. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 22070-5528 BN 1-882132-28-9 PY 1994 BP 199 EP 207 PG 9 WC Ecology; Geology; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA BC51S UT WOS:A1994BC51S00021 ER PT B AU ROBERTSON, SJ AF ROBERTSON, SJ BE Stanford, JA Valett, HM TI SAMPLING FOR PESTICIDES IN SOUTH GEORGIA SHALLOW AQUIFERS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GROUND WATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Ground Water Ecology CY MAR 27-30, 1994 CL ATLANTA, GA SP US EPA, AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, AMER INST BIOL SCI, AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, AMER SOC LIMNOL & OCEANOG, ASSOC AMER STATE GEOLOGISTS, ASSOC GROUND WATER SCIENTISTS & ENGINEERS, ECOLOG SOC AMER, IAHS, INT COMMISS GROUNDWATER, N AMER BENTHOLOG SOC, US GEOLOG SURVEY DE SOUTHERN GEORGIA; GROUNDWATER; PESTICIDE SAMPLING; DINOSEB C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DIV ENVIRONM PROTECT,ATLANTA,GA 30334. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 22070-5528 BN 1-882132-28-9 PY 1994 BP 231 EP 238 PG 8 WC Ecology; Geology; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA BC51S UT WOS:A1994BC51S00024 ER PT S AU STUMPF, RP GELFENBAUM, G PENNOCK, JR SCHROEDER, WW AF STUMPF, RP GELFENBAUM, G PENNOCK, JR SCHROEDER, WW GP ENVIRONM RES INST MICHIGAN TI MULTI-YEAR REMOTE SENSING OBSERVATIONS OF THE ALABAMA MISSISSIPPI COAST SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND THEMATIC CONFERENCE ON REMOTE SENSING FOR MARINE AND COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS - NEEDS, SOLUTIONS, AND APPLICATIONS, VOL I SE THEMATIC CONFERENCE ON REMOTE SENSING FOR MARINE AND COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Thematic Conference on Remote Sensing for Marine and Coastal Environments - Needs, Solutions, and Applications CY JAN 31-FEB 02, 1994 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP MARINE SPILL RESPONSE CORP, US EPA, ENVIRONM RES INST MICHIGAN C1 US GEOL SURVEY,CTR COASTAL GEOL,ST PETERSBURG,FL. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INST MICHIGAN PI ANN ARBOR PA PO BOX 134001, ANN ARBOR, MI 48113-4001 SN 1066-3711 J9 THEM CONF R PY 1994 BP 181 EP 181 PG 1 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BC75R UT WOS:A1994BC75R00021 ER PT J AU JI, W JOHNSTON, J MITCHELL, L SCLAFANI, V MCNIFF, M AF JI, W JOHNSTON, J MITCHELL, L SCLAFANI, V MCNIFF, M GP ENVIRONM RES INST MICHIGAN TI INTEGRATED SPATIAL DECISION SUPPORT - A NEW METHODOLOGY FOR COASTAL SYSTEM MANAGEMENT SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND THEMATIC CONFERENCE ON REMOTE SENSING FOR MARINE AND COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS - NEEDS, SOLUTIONS, AND APPLICATIONS, VOL I SE THEMATIC CONFERENCE ON REMOTE SENSING FOR MARINE AND COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Thematic Conference on Remote Sensing for Marine and Coastal Environments - Needs, Solutions, and Applications CY JAN 31-FEB 02, 1994 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP MARINE SPILL RESPONSE CORP, US EPA, ENVIRONM RES INST MICHIGAN C1 JOHNSON CONTROLS WORLD SERV INC,NATL WETLANDS RES CTR,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,LAFAYETTE,LA 70506. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INST MICHIGAN PI ANN ARBOR PA PO BOX 134001, ANN ARBOR, MI 48113-4001 SN 1066-3711 J9 THEM CONF R PY 1994 BP 347 EP 348 PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BC75R UT WOS:A1994BC75R00038 ER PT B AU JI, W JOHNSTON, J MITCHELL, L SCLAFANI, V MCNIFF, M AF JI, W JOHNSTON, J MITCHELL, L SCLAFANI, V MCNIFF, M GP ENVIRONM RES INST MICHIGAN TI INTEGRATED SPATIAL DECISION-SUPPORT - A NEW METHODOLOGY FOR COASTAL SYSTEM MANAGEMENT SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND THEMATIC CONFERENCE ON REMOTE SENSING FOR MARINE AND COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS: NEEDS, SOLUTIONS, AND APPLICATIONS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Thematic Conference on Remote Sensing for Marine and Coastal Environments: Needs, Solutions, and Applications CY JAN 31-FEB 02, 1994 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP MARINE SPILL RESPONSE CORP, US EPA, ENVIRONM RES INST MICHIGAN C1 NATL WETLANDS RES CTR,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,JOHNSON CONTROLS WORLD SERV INC,LAFAYETTE,LA 70506. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INST MICHIGAN PI ANN ARBOR PA PO BOX 134001, ANN ARBOR, MI 48113-4001 PY 1994 BP A347 EP A348 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BA93E UT WOS:A1994BA93E00038 ER PT B AU STUMPF, RP GELFENBAUM, G PENNOCK, JR SCHROEDER, WW AF STUMPF, RP GELFENBAUM, G PENNOCK, JR SCHROEDER, WW GP ENVIRONM RES INST MICHIGAN TI MULTIYEAR REMOTE-SENSING OBSERVATIONS OF THE ALABAMA-MISSISSIPPI COAST SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND THEMATIC CONFERENCE ON REMOTE SENSING FOR MARINE AND COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS: NEEDS, SOLUTIONS, AND APPLICATIONS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Thematic Conference on Remote Sensing for Marine and Coastal Environments: Needs, Solutions, and Applications CY JAN 31-FEB 02, 1994 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP MARINE SPILL RESPONSE CORP, US EPA, ENVIRONM RES INST MICHIGAN C1 US GEOL SURVEY,CTR COASTAL GEOL,ST PETERSBURG,FL 33701. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INST MICHIGAN PI ANN ARBOR PA PO BOX 134001, ANN ARBOR, MI 48113-4001 PY 1994 BP A181 EP A181 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BA93E UT WOS:A1994BA93E00021 ER PT B AU BRADY, AG AF BRADY, AG GP ASOCIAC ESPONOLA INGENIERIA SISM TI USGS STRONG-MOTION DATABASE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TENTH WORLD CONFERENCE ON EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING, VOL 11 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering CY JUL 19-24, 1992 CL MADRID, SPAIN SP ASOCIAC ESPANOLA INGENIERIA SISM, INT ASSOC EARTHQUAKE ENGN C1 USGS,MENLO PK,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 1675, 3000 BR ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-071-0 PY 1994 BP 6916 EP 6917 PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA BC28B UT WOS:A1994BC28B00047 ER PT B AU BRADY, AG AF BRADY, AG GP ASOCIAC ESPONOLA INGENIERIA SISM TI PANEL DISCUSSION SUMMARY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TENTH WORLD CONFERENCE ON EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING, VOL 11 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering CY JUL 19-24, 1992 CL MADRID, SPAIN SP ASOCIAC ESPANOLA INGENIERIA SISM, INT ASSOC EARTHQUAKE ENGN C1 USGS,MENLO PK,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 1675, 3000 BR ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-071-0 PY 1994 BP 6951 EP 6953 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA BC28B UT WOS:A1994BC28B00058 ER PT J AU RUMSEY, GL AF RUMSEY, GL TI HISTORY OF EARLY DIET DEVELOPMENT IN FISH CULTURE, 1000 B.C. TO A.D. 1955 SO PROGRESSIVE FISH-CULTURIST LA English DT Review AB This paper traces the observations and speculations of early fish culturists as they sought to define the feeds necessary to keep hatchery fish alive. Although prescientific ideas about feeding fish existed in Egypt and China over three millennia ago, it was not until the 1700s that scientific studies of feeding and digestion by fish were documented. Aside from several books that provided early anecdotal accounts of feeds and feeding, much of the technical literature up to the 1930s is found in a few journals and relatively obscure bulletins. Such was the state of knowledge regarding the feeding of fsh until about 1927 when Clive McCay, a professor at Yale University, and Abram Tunison, a hatchery worker, began some part-time research on the nutritional requirements of trout at Connecticut's Burlington Fish Hatchery. In June 1932, these men founded an experimental hatchery, designed to study the nutrition, feeds, and feeding of fish, at Cortland, New York; this hatchery was operated under the auspices of the federal Bureau of Fisheries, the Conservation Department of New York State, and Cornell University. Over the next 25 years, it was research from this hatchery as well as from other federal, state, and university facilities that led to the development of purified test diets and the identification of the (unknown) growth factors in fresh meat, both essential criteria for scientific diet formulation. The first nutritionally complete diets appeared about 1955. RP RUMSEY, GL (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,TUNISON LAB FISH NUTR,3075 GRACIE RD,CORTLAND,NY 13045, USA. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0033-0779 J9 PROG FISH CULT JI Progress. Fish-Cult. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 56 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1577/1548-8640(1994)056<0001:HOEDDI>2.3.CO;2 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA MU428 UT WOS:A1994MU42800001 ER PT J AU KINDSCHI, GA KOBY, RF AF KINDSCHI, GA KOBY, RF TI PERFORMANCE AND OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION OF SNAKE RIVER CUTTHROAT TROUT REARED AT 4 DENSITIES WITH SUPPLEMENTAL OXYGEN SO PROGRESSIVE FISH-CULTURIST LA English DT Article ID RAINBOW-TROUT; REARING DENSITY; COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; 4 DENSITIES; 2 STRAINS; GAIRDNERI; CULTURE; STRESS AB Snake River cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) of the Bar BC strain were reared at four densities in triplicate for 18 weeks. Supplemental oxygen was required in the rearing units holding the three highest densities to maintain adequate dissolved oxygen (DO) levels of 6-7 ppm (61-71% of saturation) after the last feeding in the afternoon. Density indices (lb/ft(3) per inch of fish length) achieved for each treatment averaged 0.48, 1.40, 2.12, and 2.30, and fish density averaged 3.43, 10.56, 15.56, and 15.42 lb/ft(3), respectively, at the conclusion of the study. Survival, weight gain, feed conversion,and fish health were adversely effected by increased density; however, dorsal and pectoral fin condition, total length, length variation, and water quality were not adversely effected. Neither un-ionized ammonia (maximum, 0.0051 ppm) nor total carbon dioxide (maximum, 24.2 ppm, pH 7.5) concentrations reached detrimental levels. Over a 24-h period at the end of the study, daily DO consumption averaged 274 g/kg of feed (SD, 32 g/kg) when the fish were fed at 1.3% of body weight. During this period, maximum DO consumption occurred while fish were being fed (0700 to 1500 hours), and average DO consumption was 149 mg/kg of fish body weight per hour(SD, 17 mg/kg). Overall, the fish averaged 40.1 g (SD, 17.1 g) and consumed DO at a rate of 167 mg/kg body weight per hour(SD, 15.7 mg/kg). There were no differences in the rate of DO consumption due to fish density. Fish densities averaging 15.56 lb/ft(3) were achieved in this study. This is four to five times greater than densities achieved without supplemental oxygen, but fish performance was affected. RP KINDSCHI, GA (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,BOZEMAN FISH TECHNOL CTR,4050 BRIDGER CANYON RD,BOZEMAN,MT 59715, USA. NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0033-0779 J9 PROG FISH CULT JI Progress. Fish-Cult. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 56 IS 1 BP 13 EP 18 DI 10.1577/1548-8640(1994)056<0013:PAOCOS>2.3.CO;2 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA MU428 UT WOS:A1994MU42800003 ER PT J AU LABAY, AA BRANDT, TM AF LABAY, AA BRANDT, TM TI PREDATION BY CYCLOPS VERNALIS ON FLORIDA LARGEMOUTH BASS AND FOUNTAIN DARTER LARVAE SO PROGRESSIVE FISH-CULTURIST LA English DT Note ID ZOOPLANKTON AB Swim-up Florida largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides floridanus) were held in 1 L of water with the following combinations of zooplankton: 400 mixed cladocerans, 0 Cyclops vernalis; 200 mixed cladocerans, 200 C. vernalis; and 0 cladocerans, 400 C. vernalis. After 24 h, mean survival percentages for Florida largemouth bass were 97, 27, and 7%, respectively. Larval fountain darters (Etheostoma fonticola) were tested similarly; after 24 h, 100% of the fish combined with cladocerans only were alive, but no larvae survived either treatment containing C. vernalis. C1 SW TEXAS STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,AQUAT STN,SAN MARCOS,TX 78666. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISH HATCHERY & TECHNOL CTR,SAN MARCOS,TX 78666. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0033-0779 J9 PROG FISH CULT JI Progress. Fish-Cult. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 56 IS 1 BP 37 EP 39 DI 10.1577/1548-8640(1994)056<0037:PBCVOF>2.3.CO;2 PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA MU428 UT WOS:A1994MU42800007 ER PT J AU FRIES, JN AF FRIES, JN TI SAMCALC - A COMPUTER-PROGRAM FOR FISH CULTURISTS SO PROGRESSIVE FISH-CULTURIST LA English DT Note AB Computer program SAMCALC can help fish culturists with calculations for fish transport, chemical treatments, weight-length relations, injections, and oxygen solubility. The program also has several statistical modules, including a contingency table, analysis of variance, and experimental design. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,CTR FISH HATCHERY & TECHNOL,SAN MARCOS,TX 78666. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0033-0779 J9 PROG FISH CULT JI Progress. Fish-Cult. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 56 IS 1 BP 62 EP 64 DI 10.1577/1548-8640(1994)056<0062:SACPFF>2.3.CO;2 PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA MU428 UT WOS:A1994MU42800015 ER PT J AU BLANPIED, ML MARONE, CJ AF BLANPIED, ML MARONE, CJ TI FAULTING, FRICTION, AND EARTHQUAKE MECHANICS .2. INTRODUCTION SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material RP BLANPIED, ML (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,EARTHQUAKE GEOL & GEOPHYS BRANCH,MS-977,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA PO BOX 133 KLOSTERBERG 23, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PY 1994 VL 143 IS 1-3 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1007/BF00874321 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA PV966 UT WOS:A1994PV96600001 ER PT J AU DIETERICH, JH KILGORE, BD AF DIETERICH, JH KILGORE, BD TI DIRECT OBSERVATION OF FRICTIONAL CONTACTS - NEW INSIGHTS FOR STATE-DEPENDENT PROPERTIES SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE FRICTION; FAULT PROPERTIES; CONTACT MECHANICS; STATE DEPENDENCE; CHARACTERISTIC SLIDING DISTANCE AB Rocks and many other materials display a rather complicated, but characteristic, dependence of friction on sliding history. These effects are well-described by empirical rate- and state-dependent constitutive formulations which have been utilized for analysis of fault slip and earthquake processes. We present a procedure for direct quantitative microscopic observation of frictional contacts during slip. The observations reveal that frictional state dependence represents an increase of contact area with contact age. Transient changes of sliding resistance correlate with changes in Contact area and arise from shifts of contact population age. Displacement-dependent replacement of contact populations is shown to cause the diagnostic evolution of friction over a characteristic sliding distance that occurs whenever slip begins or sliding conditions change. RP DIETERICH, JH (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MS-977,MENLO PK,CA 94015, USA. RI Kilgore, Brian/K-3433-2012 OI Kilgore, Brian/0000-0003-0530-7979 NR 0 TC 342 Z9 346 U1 2 U2 40 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA PO BOX 133 KLOSTERBERG 23, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PY 1994 VL 143 IS 1-3 BP 283 EP 302 DI 10.1007/BF00874332 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA PV966 UT WOS:A1994PV96600012 ER PT J AU KING, CY AF KING, CY TI EARTHQUAKE MECHANISM AND PREDICTABILITY SHOWN BY A LABORATORY FAULT SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE EARTHQUAKE PREDICTION; FAULT SLIP; STRESS DROP; FRICTION; CHAOTIC; SELF-ORGANIZED CRITICALITY; FRACTAL AB Slip events generated in a laboratory fault model consisting of a circulinear chain of eight spring-connected blocks of approximately equal weight elastically driven to slide on a frictional surface are studied. It is found that most of the input strain energy is released by a relatively few large events, which are approximately time predictable. A large event tends to roughen stress distribution along the fault, whereas the subsequent smaller events tend to smooth the stress distribution and prepare a condition of simultaneous criticality for the occurrence of the next large event. The frequency-size distribution resembles the Gutenberg-Richter relation for earthquakes, except for a falloff for the largest events due to the finite energy-storage capacity of the fault system. Slip distributions, in different events are commonly dissimilar. Stress drop, slip velocity, and rupture velocity all tend to increase with event size. Rupture-initiation locations are usually not close to the maximum-slip locations. RP KING, CY (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA PO BOX 133 KLOSTERBERG 23, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PY 1994 VL 143 IS 1-3 BP 457 EP 482 DI 10.1007/BF00874338 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA PV966 UT WOS:A1994PV96600018 ER PT J AU BUFE, CG NISHENKO, SP VARNES, DJ AF BUFE, CG NISHENKO, SP VARNES, DJ TI SEISMICITY TRENDS AND POTENTIAL FOR LARGE EARTHQUAKES IN THE ALASKA-ALEUTIAN REGION SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ALASKA-ALEUTIAN SEISMIC ZONE; SHUMAGIN SEISMIC GAP; ACCELERATING MOMENT RELEASE; TIME-TO-FAILURE AB The high likelihood of a gap-filling thrust earthquake in the Alaska subduction zone within this decade is indicated by two independent methods: analysis of historic earthquake recurrence data and time-to-failure analysis applied to recent decades of instrumental data. Recent (May 1993) earthquake activity in the Shumagin Islands gap is consistent with previous projections of increases in seismic release, indicating that this segment, along with the Alaska Peninsula segment, is approaching failure. Based on this pattern of accelerating seismic release, we project the occurrence of one or more M greater-than-or-equal-to 7.3 earthquakes in the Shumagin-Alaska Peninsula region during 1994-1996. Different segments of the Alaska-Aleutian seismic zone behave differently in the decade or two preceding great earthquakes, some showing acceleration of seismic release (type ''A'' zones), while others show deceleration (type ''D'' zones). The largest Alaska-Aleutian earthquakes-in 1957, 1964, and 1965-originated in zones that exhibit type D behavior. Type A zones currently showing accelerating release are the Shumagin, Alaska Peninsula, Delarof, and Kommandorski segments. Time-to-failure analysis suggests that the large earthquakes could occur in these latter zones within the next few years. RP BUFE, CG (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 0 TC 107 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA PO BOX 133 KLOSTERBERG 23, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PY 1994 VL 142 IS 1 BP 83 EP 99 DI 10.1007/BF00875969 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NT117 UT WOS:A1994NT11700005 ER PT J AU WALLACE, MH MELOSH, HJ AF WALLACE, MH MELOSH, HJ TI BUCKLING OF A PERVASIVELY FAULTED LITHOSPHERE SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE BUCKLING; FLEXURE; ELASTIC THICKNESS FAULTING; FINITE ELEMENT; INDIAN OCEAN BASIN AB We investigated the buckling response of a faulted elastic plate under horizontal compression using the finite element technique to better understand the effect of faults on the elastic behavior of a plate. We studied the effect of changes in fault spacing, depth and dip on the effective Young's modulus, buckling stress and wavelength. Our model consists of a thick elastic plate whose entire upper surface is cut by evenly spaced faults. We impose either an initial sinusoidal deformation with a fixed wavelength or a random deformation to the grid. A fault is represented as a free surface with no resolved shear stress and is allowed to slip in a specified direction using the method of 'slippery nodes'. With the assumption of free slip on the faults, our model results represent an end member case in which the buckling wavelength and buckling stress are minimized by the presence of the faults. In our models, fault depth was varied from 0 to 75% of the plate thickness. As strain increases, the grid deforms by antisymmetric flexural folding and the initial imposed wavelength of deformation is modified such that the new buckling wavelength emerges. Our results show that the effective Young's modulus is a decreasing function of fault depth and an increasing function of fault spacing. In addition, buckling of the plate occurs at a lower stress for greater fault depths. Buckling wavelength is independent of the initial deformation wavelength however, it is modified by the presence of faults. For a plate with closely spaced faults extending through at least 75% of the plate, buckling occurs at a wavelength one half as large as that for a continuous plate. Buckling stress is not independent of the initial deformation wavelength, rather it increases slightly with increasing difference between the initial deformation wavelength and the buckling wavelength. Analytical models that approximate or ignore the effect of faulting can have large errors in calculation of the buckling stress. More importantly, modeling the observed wavelength of deformation in a faulted region with analytical solutions for continuous plates may result in a significant underestimate of elastic thickness. Fault dip does not strongly affect either the effective Young's modulus or the buckling wavelength. Thus, the buckling response should be the same for a plate cut by a low angle fault or a high angle fault. RP WALLACE, MH (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001, USA. NR 0 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA PO BOX 133 KLOSTERBERG 23, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PY 1994 VL 142 IS 2 BP 239 EP 261 DI 10.1007/BF00879302 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NX913 UT WOS:A1994NX91300001 ER PT J AU MCGARR, A AF MCGARR, A TI SOME COMPARISONS BETWEEN MINING-INDUCED AND LABORATORY EARTHQUAKES SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY MAY, 1993 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP AMER GEOPHYS UNION DE STICK-SLIP FRICTION; MINING-INDUCED EARTHQUAKES; SEISMIC EFFICIENCY AB Although laboratory stick-slip friction experiments have long been regarded as analogs to natural crustal earthquakes, the potential use of laboratory results for understanding the earthquake source mechanism has not been fully exploited because of essential difficulties in relating seismographic data to measurements made in the controlled laboratory environment. Mining-induced earthquakes, however, provide a means of calibrating the seismic data in terms of laboratory results because, in contrast to natural earthquakes, the causative forces as well as the hypocentral conditions are known. A comparison of stick-slip friction events in a large granite sample with mining-induced earthquakes in South Africa and Canada indicates both similarities and differences between the two phenomena. The physics of unstable fault slip appears to be largely the same for both types of events. For example, both laboratory and mining-induced earthquakes have very low seismic efficiencies eta = tau(a)/tauBAR, where tau(a) is the apparent stress and tau(BAR) is the average stress acting on the fault plane to cause slip; nearly all of the energy released by faulting is consumed in overcoming friction. In more detail, the mining-induced earthquakes differ from the laboratory events in the behavior of eta as a function of seismic moment M0. Whereas for the laboratory events eta congruent-to 0.06 independent of M0, eta depends quite strongly on M0 for each set of induced earthquakes, with 0.06 serving, apparently, as an upper bound. It seems most likely that this observed scaling difference is due to variations in slip distribution over the fault plane. In the laboratory, a stick-slip event entails homogeneous slip over a fault of fixed area. For each set of induced earthquakes, the fault area appears to be approximately fixed but the slip is inhomogeneous due presumably to barriers (zones of no slip) distributed over the fault plane; at constant tauBAR, larger events correspond to larger tau(a) as a consequence of fewer barriers to slip. If the inequality tau(a)/tauBAR less-than-or-equal-to 0.06 has general validity, then measurements of tau(a) = muE(a)/M0, where mu is the modulus of rigidity and E(a) is the seismically-radiated energy, can be used to infer the absolute level of deviatoric stress at the hypocenter. RP MCGARR, A (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS977,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 0 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA PO BOX 133 KLOSTERBERG 23, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PY 1994 VL 142 IS 3-4 BP 467 EP 489 DI 10.1007/BF00876051 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA PD409 UT WOS:A1994PD40900004 ER PT J AU SZABO, BJ KOLESAR, PT RIGGS, AC WINOGRAD, IJ LUDWIG, KR AF SZABO, BJ KOLESAR, PT RIGGS, AC WINOGRAD, IJ LUDWIG, KR TI PALEOCLIMATIC INFERENCES FROM A 120,000-YR CALCITE RECORD OF WATER-TABLE FLUCTUATION IN BROWNS ROOM OF DEVILS-HOLE, NEVADA SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GREAT-BASIN; BONNEVILLE BASIN; VEIN CALCITE; LAKE; CLIMATE; VALLEY; ENVIRONMENTS; CHRONOLOGY; DEPOSITS; CANYON C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,LOGAN,UT 84332. US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092. RP SZABO, BJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 38 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 41 IS 1 BP 59 EP 69 DI 10.1006/qres.1994.1007 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA MT950 UT WOS:A1994MT95000007 ER PT J AU HEMPHILLHALEY, E GARDNER, JV AF HEMPHILLHALEY, E GARDNER, JV TI REVISED AGES FOR LAMINATED SEDIMENT AND A HOLOCENE-MARKER DIATOM FROM THE NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CONTINENTAL-SLOPE SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Note ID SANTA-BARBARA BASIN; LAST 8000 YEARS; LATE PLEISTOCENE; PRODUCTIVITY; RECORD; GULF RP HEMPHILLHALEY, E (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MS-999,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 41 IS 1 BP 131 EP 135 DI 10.1006/qres.1994.1014 PG 5 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA MT950 UT WOS:A1994MT95000014 ER PT J AU HUTTON, JT PRESCOTT, JR BOWMAN, JR DUNHAM, MNE CRONE, AJ MACHETTE, MN TWIDALE, CR AF HUTTON, JT PRESCOTT, JR BOWMAN, JR DUNHAM, MNE CRONE, AJ MACHETTE, MN TWIDALE, CR TI THERMOLUMINESCENCE DATING OF AUSTRALIAN PALAEO-EARTHQUAKES SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID TENNANT CREEK; SEQUENCE; FIELD AB Thermoluminescence (TL) dating is a useful tool for determining the age of prehistoric earthquakes by dating deposits that are stratigraphically related to fault scarps that formed during the earthquakes. TL dating of aeolian sand in the area of the 1988 Tennant Creek, Northern Territory, earthquakes provides evidence that similar earthquakes have not ruptured the causative faults for at least 50 ka. Pilot TL measurements of deposits associated with the Roopena and Ash Ridge fault scarps near Whyalla on Eyre Peninsula, South Australia, suggest an age of 140 ka for the Quaternary deposits associated with the formation of the scarps. C1 AUSTRALIAN GEOL SURV ORG,CANBERRA,ACT,AUSTRALIA. UNIV ADELIADE,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,ADELAIDE,AUSTRALIA. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. RP HUTTON, JT (reprint author), UNIV ADELAIDE,DEPT PHYS & MATH PHYS,ADELAIDE 5005,AUSTRALIA. NR 14 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PY 1994 VL 13 IS 2 BP 143 EP 147 DI 10.1016/0277-3791(94)90040-X PG 5 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA PV860 UT WOS:A1994PV86000007 ER PT J AU COLMAN, SM CLARK, JA CLAYTON, L HANSEL, AK LARSEN, CE AF COLMAN, SM CLARK, JA CLAYTON, L HANSEL, AK LARSEN, CE TI DEGLACIATION, LAKE LEVELS, AND MELTWATER DISCHARGE IN THE LAKE-MICHIGAN BASIN SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article AB The deglacial history of the Lake Michigan basin, including discharge and routing of meltwater, is complex because of the interaction among (1) glacial retreats and re-advances in the basin (2) the timing of occupation and the isostatic adjustment of lake outlets and (3) the depositional and erosional processes that left evidence of past lake levels. In the southern part of the basin, a restricted area little affected by differential isostasy, new studies of onshore and offshore areas allow refinement of a lake-level history that has evolved over 100 years. Important new data include the recognition of two periods of influx of meltwater from Lake Agassiz into the basin and details of the highstands gleaned from sedimentological evidence. Major disagreements still persist concerning the exact timing and lake-level changes associated with the Algonquin phase, approximately 11,000 BP. A wide variety of independent data suggests that the Lake Michigan Lobe was thin, unstable, and subject to rapid advances and retreats. Consequently, lake-level changes were commonly abrupt and stable shorelines were short-lived. The long-held beliefs that the southern part of the basin was stable and separated from deformed northern areas by a hinge-line discontinuity are becoming difficult to maintain. Numerical modeling of the ice-earth system and empirical modeling of shoreline deformation are both consistent with observed shoreline tilting in the north and with the amount and pattern of modern deformation shown by lake-level gauges. New studies of subaerial lacustrine features suggest the presence of deformed shorelines higher than those originally ascribed to the supposed horizontal Glenwood level. Finally, the Lake Michigan region as a whole appears to behave in a similar manner to other areas, both local (other Great Lakes) and regional (U.S. east coast), that have experienced major isostatic changes. Detailed sedimentological and dating studies of field sites and additional development of geophysical models offer hope for reconciling the field data with our understanding of earth theology. C1 CALVIN COLL,DEPT GEOL GEOG & ENVIRONM STUDIES,GRAND RAPIDS,MI 49546. WISCONSIN GEOL & NAT HIST SURVEY,MADISON,WI 53705. ILLINOIS STATE GEOL SURVEY,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61820. RP COLMAN, SM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 48 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PY 1994 VL 13 IS 9-10 BP 879 EP 890 DI 10.1016/0277-3791(94)90007-8 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA QQ080 UT WOS:A1994QQ08000007 ER PT J AU BRADLEY, LA STAFFORD, TW AF BRADLEY, LA STAFFORD, TW TI COMPARISON OF MANUAL AND AUTOMATED PRETREATMENT METHODS FOR AMS RADIOCARBON DATING OF PLANT FOSSILS SO RADIOCARBON LA English DT Article AB A new automated pretreatment system for the preparation of materials submitted for accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) analysis is less time-consuming and results in a higher sample yield. The new procedure was tested using two groups of plant fossils: one group was pretreated using the traditional method, and the second, using the automated pretreatment apparatus. We compared the time it took to complete the procedure and the amount of sample material remaining. The automated pretreatment apparatus proved to be more than three times faster and, in most cases, produced a higher yield. We also observed a darker discoloration of the KOH solutions, indicating that the automated system is more thorough in removing humates from the specimen compared to the manual method. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,ISOTOPE GEOL BRANCH,DENVER,CO 80225. UNIV COLORADO,INSTAAR,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP BRADLEY, LA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,EARTHQUAKE & LANDSLIDE HAZARDS BRANCH,MS 966,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV ARIZONA DEPT GEOSCIENCES PI TUCSON PA RADIOCARBON 4717 E FORT LOWELL RD, TUCSON, AZ 85712 SN 0033-8222 J9 RADIOCARBON JI Radiocarbon PY 1994 VL 36 IS 3 BP 399 EP 405 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QQ072 UT WOS:A1994QQ07200009 ER PT J AU PAYNE, TE DAVIS, JA WAITE, TD AF PAYNE, TE DAVIS, JA WAITE, TD TI URANIUM RETENTION BY WEATHERED SCHISTS - THE ROLE OF IRON MINERALS SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Chemistry and Migratory Behaviour of Actinides and Fission Products CY DEC 12-17, 1993 CL CHARLESTON, SC DE URANIUM; SORPTION; ISOTOPE EXCHANGE; FERRIHYDRITE; TRANSFORMATION; IRON OXIDES ID FERRIHYDRITE; ADSORPTION; HEMATITE; OXIDES; PH AB Uranium sorption experiments were carried out on weathered schist samples which had been treated with citrate/dithionite/bicarbonate (CDB) reagent to remove iron oxides, and the results were compared to those of similar experiments with untreated samples. Uranium sorption was greatly decreased by the CDB extraction, which reduced the surface area of the samples by about 30-40%. Chemical analysis and XRD confirmed that iron oxides were the major mineral phase extracted by the CDB reagent. To further elucidate the role of iron minerals in the natural environment, we carried out transformation (aging) experiments with synthetic ferrihydrite which contained adsorbed natural uranium (predominantly U-238). In these experiments, the ferrihydrite was partially converted to crystalline forms such as hematite and goethite. The uptake of an artificial uranium isotope (U-236) and the leaching of U-238 from the samples were then studied in adsorption/desorption experiments. The results showed that the transformation of ferrihydrite to crystalline minerals substantially reduced the ability of the samples to adsorb U-236 from solution. The desorption data for U-238 showed that some of the U-238 which was adsorbed to the samples prior to the transformation step was irreversibly incorporated within the mineral structure during the transformation process. These experiments highlight the potential importance of iron minerals both in the initial sorption of radionuclides and in isolating them from interactions with the aqueous phase. Transformation of iron minerals from amorphous to crystalline forms provides a possible mechanism for uranium immobilisation. In considering the overall effect on U migration, this must be balanced against the reduced ability of the transformed iron oxide to adsorb U from solution. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,MENLO PK,CA 94025. UNIV NEW S WALES,DEPT WATER ENGN,KENSINGTON,NSW 2033,AUSTRALIA. RP PAYNE, TE (reprint author), AUSTRALIAN NUCL SCI & TECHNOL ORG,PRIVATE MAIL BAG 1,MENAI,NSW 2234,AUSTRALIA. RI Payne, Timothy/F-2545-2010; Waite, T. David/A-1400-2008 OI Payne, Timothy/0000-0002-3502-7567; Waite, T. David/0000-0002-5411-3233 NR 16 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 7 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH 80 PA ROSENHEIMER STR 145 POSTFACH 801360, W-8000 MUNICH 80, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 1994 VL 66-7 BP 297 EP 303 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA QE245 UT WOS:A1994QE24500042 ER PT J AU FITZPATRICK, JA BISCHOFF, JL AF FITZPATRICK, JA BISCHOFF, JL TI U-SERIES DATING OF AUTHIGENIC GYPSUM AND ANHYDRITE - A NEW SAMPLE-DISSOLUTION TECHNIQUE USING CATION-EXCHANGE RESIN SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE URANIUM-SERIES DATING; CATION-EXCHANGE; GYPSUM; ANHYDRITE; ALPHA-SPECTROSCOPY; SAMPLE DISSOLUTION ID IMPURE CARBONATES AB In principle, authigenic gypsum and anhydrite are excellent candidates for dating by the uranium-series decay scheme yet have been neglected because of cumbersome dissolution requirements. We present a simplified and manageable procedure for sample dissolution of sulfate minerals using cation-exchange resin. Calcium sulfate is shown to dissolve readily in the presence of cation-exchange resin in the hydrogen form by exchange of Ca2+ for H+. Uranium and thorium isotopes associated with the mineral are released from the solid and fixed on the resin during dissolution. The isotopes are then readily eluted for isolation and analysis by standard alpha spectroscopy techniques. RP FITZPATRICK, JA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH 80 PA ROSENHEIMER STR 145 POSTFACH 801360, W-8000 MUNICH 80, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 1994 VL 64 IS 1 BP 75 EP 79 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA NJ499 UT WOS:A1994NJ49900012 ER PT B AU GREVE, CW AF GREVE, CW BE Greer, JD TI American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing News SO REMOTE SENSING AND ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT: PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH FOREST SERVICE REMOTE SENSING APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Forest Service Remote Sensing Applications Conference on Remote Sensing and Ecosystem Management CY APR 11-15, 1994 CL PORTLAND, OR SP USDA, Forest Serv, Soc Amer Foresters, Remote Sensing Working Grp RP US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR 516,12201 SUNRISE VALLEY DR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LAND, SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 BN 1-57083-010-X PY 1994 BP 22 EP 24 PG 3 WC Ecology; Forestry; Geography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Geography GA BD56N UT WOS:A1994BD56N00005 ER PT J AU NOWELL, LH RESEK, EA AF NOWELL, LH RESEK, EA TI NATIONAL STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES FOR PESTICIDES IN WATER, SEDIMENT, AND AQUATIC ORGANISMS - APPLICATION TO WATER-QUALITY ASSESSMENTS SO REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY, VOL 140 SE REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CHEMICALS; FISH; BIOACCUMULATION C1 US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP NOWELL, LH (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,SACRAMENTO,CA 95825, USA. NR 104 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0179-5953 J9 REV ENVIRON CONTAM T PY 1994 VL 140 BP 1 EP 164 PG 164 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA BC22B UT WOS:A1994BC22B00001 PM 7809422 ER PT B AU SCHUSTER, RL AF SCHUSTER, RL BE Oliveira, R Rodrigues, LF Coelho, AG Cunha, AP TI HAZARD MITIGATION FOR LANDSLIDE DAMS SO SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Congress of the International-Association-of-Engineering-Geology CY SEP 05-09, 1994 CL LISBON, PORTUGAL SP INT ASSOC ENGN GEOL C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU A A BALKEMA PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 1675, 3000 BR ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-503-8 PY 1994 BP 1441 EP 1450 PG 10 WC Developmental Biology; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geology; Remote Sensing SC Developmental Biology; Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BB64S UT WOS:A1994BB64S00194 ER PT J AU NIMMO, JR STONESTROM, DA AKSTIN, KC AF NIMMO, JR STONESTROM, DA AKSTIN, KC TI THE FEASIBILITY OF RECHARGE RATE DETERMINATIONS USING THE STEADY-STATE CENTRIFUGE METHOD SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LOW WATER-CONTENT; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; UNSATURATED FLOW; FIELD; SOIL AB The establishment of steady unsaturated flow in a centrifuge permits accurate measurement of small values of hydraulic conductivity (K). This method can provide a recharge determination if it is applied to an unsaturated core sample from a depth at which gravity alone drives the flow. A K value determined at the in situ water content indicates the long-term average recharge rate at a point. Tests of this approach have been made at two sites. Unsaturated K values were measured easily for sandy core samples from a site in the San Joaquin Valley of California. The results indicate that a better knowledge of the matric pressure profiles is required before a recharge rate can be determined. Fine-textured cores from a site in southeastern Washington required new developments of apparatus and procedures, especially for making centrifuge measurements with minimal compaction of the samples. Measured K values led to preliminary recharge rate determinations that are reasonable considering the known hydrology and topography of the site. RP NIMMO, JR (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,MS-421,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. RI Stonestrom, David/E-9125-2011 OI Stonestrom, David/0000-0001-7883-3385 NR 20 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 58 IS 1 BP 49 EP 56 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA MW422 UT WOS:A1994MW42200008 ER PT J AU GEE, GW WIERENGA, PJ ANDRASKI, BJ YOUNG, MH FAYER, MJ ROCKHOLD, ML AF GEE, GW WIERENGA, PJ ANDRASKI, BJ YOUNG, MH FAYER, MJ ROCKHOLD, ML TI VARIATIONS IN WATER-BALANCE AND RECHARGE POTENTIAL AT 3 WESTERN DESERT SITES SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL; ZONES AB Radioactive and hazardous waste landfills exist at numerous desert locations in the USA. At these locations, annual precipitation is low and soils are generally dry, yet little is known about recharge of water and transport of contaminants to the water table. Recent water balance measurements made at three desert locations, Las Cruces, NM, Beatty, NV, and the U.S. Department of Energy's Hanford Site in the state of Washington, provide information on recharge potential under three distinctly different climate and soil conditions. All three sites show water storage increases with time when soils are coarse textured and plants are removed from the surface, the rate of increase being influenced by climatic variables such as precipitation, radiation, temperature, and wind. Lysimeter data from Hanford and Las Cruces indicate that deep drainage (recharge) from bare, sandy soils can range from 10 to > 50% of the annual precipitation. At Hanford, when desert plants are present on sandy or gravelly surface soils, deep drainage is reduced but not eliminated. When surface soils are silt loams, deep drainage is eliminated whether plants are present '' not. At Las Cruces and Beatty, the presence of plants eliminated deep drainage at the measurement sites. Differences in water balance between sites are attributed to precipitation quantity and distribution and to soil and vegetation types. The implication for waste management at desert locations is that surface soil properties and plant characteristics must be considered in waste site design in order to minimize recharge potential. C1 US GEOL SURVEY, CARSON CITY, NV 89706 USA. UNIV ARIZONA, DEPT SOIL & WATER SCI, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA. RP GEE, GW (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, POB 999, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RI Young, Michael/J-8009-2012 OI Young, Michael/0000-0001-8479-9910 NR 39 TC 81 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 14 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 58 IS 1 BP 63 EP 72 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA MW422 UT WOS:A1994MW42200010 ER PT J AU FLINT, AL FLINT, LE RICHARDS, KA AF FLINT, AL FLINT, LE RICHARDS, KA TI EVALUATION OF MEASUREMENT SCALE USING IMBIBITION EXPERIMENTS IN VOLCANIC TUFFS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL AB A major issue in the site characterization at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, a potential site for a high-level nuclear waste repository, is the relevance of laboratory-scale measurements on cores to field-scale processes, particularly water flow. Calculation of Philip's sorptivity parameter using imbibition of water into rock was selected as a simple test to describe hydrologic parameters at both laboratory and field scales and to study effects of sample size and spatial variability. Laboratory-scale imbition experiments were conducted on two sizes of core from two boreholes drilled in layered nonwelded tuff and fractured welded tuff. Laboratory experiments were compared with field experiments in the boreholes using neutron logs and a field-scale Mariotte system. Measured sorptivity for both sizes of core were virtually identical and both could predict field-scale sorptivity if enough samples were used to account for spatial heterogeneity. Core data was less useful in predicting the neutron log data due to the nature of the neutron probe measurement and difficulties in accounting for effects of the unique system geometry. Mean neutron log values could not predict the field results from the welded borehole due to fractures transmitting but not retaining water, and could not predict laboratory results because of scale and sampling volume differences. The mean neutron log data could, however, approximate the large-scale field results in the nonwelded borehole. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,POB 327,MERCURY,NV 89023. MICHIGAN ENVIRONM SERV,30940 A IND RD,LIVONIA,MI 48150. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 58 IS 1 BP 94 EP 102 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA MW422 UT WOS:A1994MW42200014 ER PT J AU BELCHANSKII, GI MORDVINTSEV, IN OVCHINNIKOV, GK PETROSYAN, VG DOUGLAS, D PANK, L AF BELCHANSKII, GI MORDVINTSEV, IN OVCHINNIKOV, GK PETROSYAN, VG DOUGLAS, D PANK, L TI CLASSIFICATION OF THE VEGETATION OF BOREAL FORESTS USING OKEAN SATELLITE DATA SO SOVIET JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB The paper discusses the results of research to create a system for integrated processing of data from satellites of the Okean series (MSU M, SLR, RM 08) to classify the vegetation of boreal forests, based on the use of forest-resources geoinformation systems (GIS). The paper describes the automated classification technology using various classification systems and data processing algorithms and a combination of real and synthetic channels. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ALASKA FISH & WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANCHORAGE,AK. RP BELCHANSKII, GI (reprint author), AN SEVERTSEV INST EVOLUT MORPHOL & ANIM ECOL,MOSCOW,RUSSIA. RI Petrosyan, Varos/F-9681-2013 OI Petrosyan, Varos/0000-0002-7483-5102 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HARWOOD ACAD PUBL GMBH PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0275-911X J9 SOV J REMOT SENS+ PY 1994 VL 11 IS 2 BP 226 EP 244 PG 19 WC Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA PG560 UT WOS:A1994PG56000004 ER PT J AU BELCHANSKII, GL OVCHINNIKOV, GK DOUGLAS, D AF BELCHANSKII, GL OVCHINNIKOV, GK DOUGLAS, D TI PROCESSING OF SPACE-MONITORING DATA TO DOCUMENT PARAMETERS OF THE HABITAT OF ARCTIC MAMMALS SO SOVIET JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB The results of studies to design a system for systematic processing of satellite observations from Okean and Almaz spacecraft, based on advanced geoinformation systems (GIS), to document the parameters of the habitat of large Arctic mammals are given. The effectiveness of the classification of the types of surface sensed is estimated. Particular attention is paid to multichannel data processing. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ALASKA FISH & WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANCHORAGE,AK. RP BELCHANSKII, GL (reprint author), RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,SEVERTSEV INST EVOLUTIONARY MORPHOL & ANIM ECOL,MOSCOW,RUSSIA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HARWOOD ACAD PUBL GMBH PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0275-911X J9 SOV J REMOT SENS+ PY 1994 VL 11 IS 4 BP 623 EP 636 PG 14 WC Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA PG563 UT WOS:A1994PG56300005 ER PT S AU MOORE, DG TAPPAN, GG HOWARD, SM AF MOORE, DG TAPPAN, GG HOWARD, SM BE Heath, GW TI AN OPERATIONAL PROGRAM TO AVERT LOSSES RESULTING FROM DESERT LOCUST INFESTATIONS SO SPACE SAFETY AND RESCUE 1992: SPACE ACTIVITIES IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT SE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium of the International-Academy-of-Astronautics/World Space Congress - Space Safety and Rescue 1992 CY AUG 28-SEP 05, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP INT ACAD ASTRONAUT C1 US GEOL SURVEY,EROS DATA CTR,SIOUX FALLS,SD 57198. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 SN 0278-4017 BN 0-87703-392-7 J9 SCI TECH PY 1994 VL 84 BP 273 EP 284 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BC33Q UT WOS:A1994BC33Q00022 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, JL PORTER, JM AF ANDERSON, JL PORTER, JM TI ASTRAGALUS-TORTIPES (FABACEAE), A NEW SPECIES FROM DESERT BADLANDS IN SOUTHWESTERN COLORADO AND ITS PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN ASTRAGALUS SO SYSTEMATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article AB Astragalus tortipes is a new species from the southern flank of Sleeping Ute Mountain in southwestern Colorado that grows with mixed desert scrub on Mancos Shale badlands overlain by pediment gravel. Based on phylogenetic estimations using parsimony, the new species is placed as a member of Barneby's sect. Lonchocarpi subsect. Lonchocarpi and is compared morphologically to other astragali. Astragalus tortipes is characterized by its hyper-reflexed pod, a character unique in North American Astragalus. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,GRAND JCT,CO 81505. UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT ECOL & EVOLUT BIOL,TUCSON,AZ 85721. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT TAXONOMISTS PI BRONX PA NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN, BRONX, NY 10458-5126 SN 0363-6445 J9 SYST BOT JI Syst. Bot. PD JAN-MAR PY 1994 VL 19 IS 1 BP 116 EP 125 DI 10.2307/2419716 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA MU740 UT WOS:A1994MU74000010 ER PT B AU POE, TP SHIVELY, RS TABOR, RA AF POE, TP SHIVELY, RS TABOR, RA BE Stouder, DJ Fresh, KL Feller, RJ TI ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF INTRODUCED PISCIVOROUS FISHES IN THE LOWER COLUMBIA AND SNAKE RIVERS SO THEORY AND APPLICATION IN FISH FEEDING ECOLOGY SE BELLE W BARUCH LIBRARY IN MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT GUTSHOP 92 CY 1992 CL SAN JUAN ISLANDS, WA C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR,COLUMBIA RIVER FIELD STN,COOK,WA 98605. NR 0 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV SOUTH CAROLINA PRESS PI COLUMBIA PA COLUMBIA, SC 29208 BN 1-57003-013-8 J9 BEL BAR LIB PY 1994 IS 18 BP 347 EP 360 PG 14 WC Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BC39F UT WOS:A1994BC39F00019 ER PT J AU OWENS, RW BERGSTEDT, RA AF OWENS, RW BERGSTEDT, RA TI RESPONSE OF SLIMY SCULPINS TO PREDATION BY JUVENILE LAKE TROUT IN SOUTHERN LAKE-ONTARIO SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SMELT OSMERUS-MORDAX; RAINBOW SMELT; COREGONUS-HOYI; UNITED-STATES; GREAT-LAKES; FOOD; MICHIGAN; FISHES AB Abundance and biomass of slimy sculpin Cottus cognatus declined in Lake Ontario at depths most frequently occupied by juvenile lake trout Salvelinus namaycush (<70 m), but not at greater depths, during 1980-1987. The abundance of juvenile lake trout increased at depths less than 70 m between 1980 and 1987, and slimy sculpin abundance was negatively correlated with lake trout abundance. The size of slimy sculpins caught at depths less than 70 m decreased between 1980 and 1987, fish 50-99 mm becoming less common and fish 100 mm or longer becoming rare. The size of slimy sculpins at depths greater than 70 m did not change. Because slimy sculpins are the principal fish eaten by juvenile lake trout, and bacause juvenile lake trout were most abundant at depths where the greatest changes in the slimy sculpin population took place, we conclude that juvenile lake trout in Lake Ontario altered the slimy sculpin population. No significant negative correlations were found between abundance of slimy sculpins and those of the two most abundant fishes in Lake Ontario: alewife Alosa pseudoharengus and rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax. RP OWENS, RW (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR,GREAT LAKES OSWEGO BIOL STN,17 LAKE ST,OSWEGO,NY 13126, USA. NR 30 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 123 IS 1 BP 28 EP 36 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1994)123<0028:ROSSTP>2.3.CO;2 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA MR752 UT WOS:A1994MR75200005 ER PT J AU WOODWARD, DF BRUMBAUGH, WG DELONAY, AJ LITTLE, EE SMITH, CE AF WOODWARD, DF BRUMBAUGH, WG DELONAY, AJ LITTLE, EE SMITH, CE TI EFFECTS ON RAINBOW-TROUT FRY OF A METALS-CONTAMINATED DIET OF BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES FROM THE CLARK FORK RIVER, MONTANA SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; HEAVY-METALS; FISH; FOOD; CADMIUM; WATER; ZINC; LEAD; ACCUMULATION; EFFICIENCY AB The upper Clark Fork River in northwestern Montana has received mining wastes from the Butte and Anaconda areas since 1880. These wastes have contaminated areas of the river bed and floodplain with tailings and heavy metal sludge, resulting in elevated concentration of metals in surface water, sediments, and biota. Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were exposed immediately after hatching for 91 d to cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc in water at concentrations simulating those in Clark Fork River. From exogenous feeding (21 d posthatch) through 91 d, fry were also fed benthic invertebrates from the Clark Fork River that contained elevated concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, copper, and lead. Evaluations of different combinations of diet and water exposure indicated diet-borne metals were more important than water-borne metals-at the concentrations we tested-in reducing survival and growth of rainbow trout. Whole-body metal concentrations (mu g/g, wet weight) at 91 d in fish fed Clark Fork invertebrates without exposure to Clark Fork water were arsenic, 1.4; cadmium, 0.16; and copper, 6.7. These were similar to concentrations found in Clark Fork River fishes. Livers from fish on the high-metals diets exhibited degenerative changes and generally lacked glycogen vacuolation. Indigenous Clark Fork River invertebrates provide a concentrated source of metals for accumulation into young fishes, and probably were the cause of decreased survival and growth of age-0 rainbow trout in our laboratory exposures. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES CTR,COLUMBIA,MO 65201. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,BOZEMAN FISH TECHNOL CTR,BOZEMAN,MT 59715. RP WOODWARD, DF (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES CTR,JACKSON FIELD STN,POB 1089,JACKSON,WY 83001, USA. RI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/F-8310-2010 OI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/0000-0001-9688-184X NR 30 TC 114 Z9 117 U1 4 U2 24 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 123 IS 1 BP 51 EP 62 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1994)123<0051:EORTFO>2.3.CO;2 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA MR752 UT WOS:A1994MR75200007 ER PT J AU MIRANDA, LE HUBBARD, WD AF MIRANDA, LE HUBBARD, WD TI LENGTH-DEPENDENT WINTER SURVIVAL AND LIPID-COMPOSITION OF AGE-0 LARGEMOUTH BASS IN BAY SPRINGS RESERVOIR, MISSISSIPPI SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GROWTH; SIZE; TEMPERATURE; STARVATION; MORTALITY AB Age-0 largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides were studied in Bay Springs Reservoir, Mississippi, to determine if the larger young had greater survival through their first winter and if this survival was influenced by levels of energy reserves. Abundance decreased from 542 young/ hectare in June, when fish averaged 37 mm total length, to 12/hectare in March, when lengths averaged 149 mm. The length-frequency distribution of this year-class was positively skewed during June-August, became bimodal during September-January, and lost most of the smaller mode by March. During September-January, fish in the smaller mode decreased in abundance from 176 to 9/hectare and their mean length remained near 60 mm; fish in the larger mode decreased in abundance from 76 to 27/hectare and increased in length from 108 to 154 mm. Whole-body lipid content increased from 3.5% of dry body weight in fall to 5.9% in December and decreased to 3.3% in March. All young had equal amounts of stored lipid by late fall, but by March the surviving small young had less lipid than large young, suggesting that during winter smaller fish spent their reserves at a faster rate. Protein content averaged 74.6% of the dry body weight and neither differed among months nor changed with fish length. Mortality of the smallest young was accelerated in late fall and winter, coinciding with decreases in lipid stores and rapid drops in water temperature. C1 MISSISSIPPI DEPT WILDLIFE FISHERIES & PARKS,JACKSON,MS 39205. RP MIRANDA, LE (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,MISSISSIPPI COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,PO DRAWER BX,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 41 TC 108 Z9 111 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 123 IS 1 BP 80 EP 87 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1994)123<0080:LDWSAL>2.3.CO;2 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA MR752 UT WOS:A1994MR75200010 ER PT J AU BEATTIE, M AF BEATTIE, M BE McCabe, RE Wadsworth, KG TI INTERIORS INTERNATIONAL AGENDA SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE FIFTY-NINTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 59th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference - International Partnerships for Fish and Wildlife CY MAR 18-23, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20240. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 14TH STREET NW, SUITE 801, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1994 BP 11 EP 16 PG 6 WC Ecology; Fisheries; Ornithology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Zoology GA BB82Y UT WOS:A1994BB82Y00003 ER PT J AU BEATTIE, M AF BEATTIE, M BE McCabe, RE Wadsworth, KG TI 4-H WILDLIFE AND FISHERIES RECOGNITION AWARDS, 1993 SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE FIFTY-NINTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 59th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference - International Partnerships for Fish and Wildlife CY MAR 18-23, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20240. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 14TH STREET NW, SUITE 801, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1994 BP 22 EP 24 PG 3 WC Ecology; Fisheries; Ornithology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Zoology GA BB82Y UT WOS:A1994BB82Y00005 ER PT J AU BEATTIE, M AF BEATTIE, M BE McCabe, RE Wadsworth, KG TI THE 1994 GUY BRADLEY AWARD SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE FIFTY-NINTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 59th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference - International Partnerships for Fish and Wildlife CY MAR 18-23, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20240. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 14TH STREET NW, SUITE 801, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1994 BP 25 EP 26 PG 2 WC Ecology; Fisheries; Ornithology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Zoology GA BB82Y UT WOS:A1994BB82Y00006 ER PT S AU HILLS, S GILBERT, JR AF HILLS, S GILBERT, JR BE McCabe, RE Wadsworth, KG TI DETECTING PACIFIC WALRUS POPULATION TRENDS WITH AERIAL SURVEYS - A REVIEW SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE FIFTY-NINTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 59th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference - International Partnerships for Fish and Wildlife CY MAR 18-23, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ALASKA FISH & WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANCHORAGE,AK. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 14TH STREET NW, SUITE 801, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1994 BP 201 EP 210 PG 10 WC Ecology; Fisheries; Ornithology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Zoology GA BB82Y UT WOS:A1994BB82Y00021 ER PT J AU VOGEL, WO AF VOGEL, WO BE McCabe, RE Wadsworth, KG TI BLURRED DISTINCTIONS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE FIFTY-NINTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 59th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference - International Partnerships for Fish and Wildlife CY MAR 18-23, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,OFF MIGRATORY BIRD MANAGEMENT,ARLINGTON,VA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 14TH STREET NW, SUITE 801, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1994 BP 289 EP 292 PG 4 WC Ecology; Fisheries; Ornithology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Zoology GA BB82Y UT WOS:A1994BB82Y00031 ER PT S AU BYRD, GV TRAPP, JL ZEILLEMAKER, CF AF BYRD, GV TRAPP, JL ZEILLEMAKER, CF BE McCabe, RE Wadsworth, KG TI REMOVAL OF INTRODUCED FOXES - A CASE STUDY IN RESTORATION OF NATIVE BIRDS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE FIFTY-NINTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 59th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference - International Partnerships for Fish and Wildlife CY MAR 18-23, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ALASKA MARITIME NATL WILDLIFE REFUGE,HOMER,AK. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 14TH STREET NW, SUITE 801, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1994 BP 317 EP 321 PG 5 WC Ecology; Fisheries; Ornithology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Zoology GA BB82Y UT WOS:A1994BB82Y00035 ER PT J AU REYNOLDS, RE SHAFFER, TL SAUER, JR PETERJOHN, BG AF REYNOLDS, RE SHAFFER, TL SAUER, JR PETERJOHN, BG BE McCabe, RE Wadsworth, KG TI CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM - BENEFIT FOR GRASSLAND BIRDS IN THE NORTHERN PLAINS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE FIFTY-NINTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 59th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference - International Partnerships for Fish and Wildlife CY MAR 18-23, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,BISMARCK,ND. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 14TH STREET NW, SUITE 801, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1994 BP 328 EP 336 PG 9 WC Ecology; Fisheries; Ornithology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Zoology GA BB82Y UT WOS:A1994BB82Y00037 ER PT J AU TOME, MW HELMERS, D NILES, LJ AF TOME, MW HELMERS, D NILES, LJ BE McCabe, RE Wadsworth, KG TI MANAGING HABITATS TO AVOID GAME AND NONGAME CONFLICTS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE FIFTY-NINTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 59th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference - International Partnerships for Fish and Wildlife CY MAR 18-23, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,N AMER WATERFOWL & WETLANDS OFF,ARLINGTON,VA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 14TH STREET NW, SUITE 801, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1994 BP 348 EP 352 PG 5 WC Ecology; Fisheries; Ornithology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Zoology GA BB82Y UT WOS:A1994BB82Y00039 ER PT J AU TRAPP, JL AF TRAPP, JL BE McCabe, RE Wadsworth, KG TI THE WHOLE IS GREATER THAN THE SUM OF THE PARTS - CLOSING REMARKS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE FIFTY-NINTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 59th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference - International Partnerships for Fish and Wildlife CY MAR 18-23, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,OFF MIGRATORY BIRD MANAGEMENT,WASHINGTON,DC 20240. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 14TH STREET NW, SUITE 801, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1994 BP 363 EP 364 PG 2 WC Ecology; Fisheries; Ornithology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Zoology GA BB82Y UT WOS:A1994BB82Y00041 ER PT S AU SAUER, JR ORSILLO, S PETERJOHN, BG AF SAUER, JR ORSILLO, S PETERJOHN, BG BE McCabe, RE Wadsworth, KG TI POPULATION STATUS AND TRENDS OF GROUSE AND PRAIRIE-CHICKENS FROM THE NORTH-AMERICAN BREEDING BIRD SURVEY AND CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE FIFTY-NINTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 59th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference - International Partnerships for Fish and Wildlife CY MAR 18-23, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,NATL BIOL SURVEY,LAUREL,MD 20708. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 14TH STREET NW, SUITE 801, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1994 BP 439 EP 448 PG 10 WC Ecology; Fisheries; Ornithology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Zoology GA BB82Y UT WOS:A1994BB82Y00053 ER PT S AU SHALLENBERGER, RJ YOUNG, MA ROEPER, NJ AF SHALLENBERGER, RJ YOUNG, MA ROEPER, NJ BE McCabe, RE Wadsworth, KG TI CHANGING THE WAY WE LOOK AT THE LAND SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE FIFTY-NINTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 59th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference - International Partnerships for Fish and Wildlife CY MAR 18-23, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ARLINGTON,VA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 14TH STREET NW, SUITE 801, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1994 BP 532 EP 540 PG 9 WC Ecology; Fisheries; Ornithology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Zoology GA BB82Y UT WOS:A1994BB82Y00065 ER PT J AU THOMPSON, SP TAYLOR, T CLARK, J FORSYTHE, S GRIFFIN, S HAUKOS, D LEON, S MILNE, K AF THOMPSON, SP TAYLOR, T CLARK, J FORSYTHE, S GRIFFIN, S HAUKOS, D LEON, S MILNE, K BE McCabe, RE Wadsworth, KG TI PARTNERS FOR NATURAL RESOURCE CONSERVATION - A STRATEGY ADDRESSING NATURAL RESOURCE ISSUES THROUGH PARTNERSHIPS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE FIFTY-NINTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 59th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference - International Partnerships for Fish and Wildlife CY MAR 18-23, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,RIO HONDO,TX. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 14TH STREET NW, SUITE 801, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1994 BP 575 EP 578 PG 4 WC Ecology; Fisheries; Ornithology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Zoology GA BB82Y UT WOS:A1994BB82Y00070 ER PT S AU DEVANNEY, KF STANTON, RW AF DEVANNEY, KF STANTON, RW BE Mukhopadhyay, PK Dow, WG TI NEED FOR STANDARDIZATION OF VITRINITE REFLECTANCE MEASUREMENTS SO VITRINITE REFLECTANCE AS A MATURITY PARAMETER: APPLICATIONS AND LIMITATIONS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Vitrinite Reflectance as a Maturity Parameter, at the 206th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-27, 1993 CL CHICAGO, IL SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV GEOCHEM INC AB Results of interlaboratory comparisons of vitrinite reflectance measurements indicate additional need for standardizing (1) the type of vitrinite to be measured, (2) the details of the measuring technique, and (3) the optical equipment used. Vitrinite reflectance is a critical characterization parameter that is widely used in geologic studies, exploration, classification, extraction, and utilization of fossil fuels. Precision can be a limiting factor in the use of vitrinite reflectance data, particularly when reflectances are measured in different laboratories. Whereas a value of 0.02 percent mean-maximum reflectance is the generally accepted level of reproducibility between two different laboratories, actual round-robin tests indicate that this level of precision may not be achievable even among those laboratories that follow a strict protocol. Results from the use of ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) interlaboratory training kits and test programs indicate that, at best, reproducibility is about 0.05 percent reflectance at best and can be as high as 0.15 percent reflectance. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. RP DEVANNEY, KF (reprint author), USX CORP,UEC COAL & COKE LABS,4000 TECH CTR DR,MONROEVILLE,PA 15146, USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-2994-5 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1994 VL 570 BP 26 EP 38 PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA BD02F UT WOS:A1994BD02F00002 ER PT S AU BARKER, CE PAWLEWICZ, MJ AF BARKER, CE PAWLEWICZ, MJ BE Mukhopadhyay, PK Dow, WG TI CALCULATION OF VITRINITE REFLECTANCE FROM THERMAL HISTORIES AND PEAK TEMPERATURES - A COMPARISON OF METHODS SO VITRINITE REFLECTANCE AS A MATURITY PARAMETER: APPLICATIONS AND LIMITATIONS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Vitrinite Reflectance as a Maturity Parameter, at the 206th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-27, 1993 CL CHICAGO, IL SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV GEOCHEM INC ID GEOLOGICALLY RAPID INCREASE; PRIETO GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM; FLUID-INCLUSION; ORGANIC MATURATION; TIME; STABILIZATION; METAMORPHISM; MATTER; MEXICO; MODEL AB One purpose of vitrinite reflectance, a thermal maturation parameter, is to characterize the degree of heating in sedimentary rocks. This use of vitrinite reflectance makes its calibration to peak temperature (T-peak) important because T-peak constitutes an absolute thermal maturation parameter. This paper compares the two major methods available for predicting thermal maturation through vitrinite reflectance evolution: thermal history (kinetic models) and T-peak (vitrinite reflectance geothermometers, VRG). VRG applied to the published cases of burial heating show that the mean random vitrinite reflectance (R(v-r)), predicted from kinetic models closely agrees with the measured R(v-r) when a realistic or measured T-peak value is used in setting the thermal history. Similarly a published comparison of these two types of VRG and kinetic models in an active hydrothermal metamorphism (geothermal) system suggests that VRG give predictions that are a better match to present day temperatures. C1 UNIV ADELAIDE,ADELAIDE,SA 5005,AUSTRALIA. RP BARKER, CE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,BOX 25046,MS 971,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 33 TC 153 Z9 157 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-2994-5 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1994 VL 570 BP 216 EP 229 PG 14 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA BD02F UT WOS:A1994BD02F00014 ER PT J AU SYMONDS, RB ROSE, WI BLUTH, GJS GERLACH, TM AF SYMONDS, RB ROSE, WI BLUTH, GJS GERLACH, TM TI VOLCANIC GAS STUDIES - METHODS, RESULTS, AND APPLICATIONS SO VOLATILES IN MAGMAS SE REVIEWS IN MINERALOGY LA English DT Review ID MOUNT ST-HELENS; SULFUR-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; KILAUEA VOLCANO; CARBON-DIOXIDE; MAGMATIC GAS; CRATER LAKE; SPREADING CENTERS; AUGUSTINE VOLCANO; ERUPTION PLUMES; VULCANO-ISLAND C1 MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,DEPT GEOL ENGN GEOL & GEOPHYS,HOUGHTON,MI 49931. RP SYMONDS, RB (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,CASCADES VOLCANO OBSERV,5400 MACARTHUR BLVD,VANCOUVER,WA 98681, USA. RI Rose, William/A-7923-2009 NR 171 TC 253 Z9 263 U1 3 U2 51 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 1130 SEVENTEENTH ST NW, SUITE 330, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0275-0279 J9 REV MINERAL PY 1994 VL 30 BP 1 EP 66 PG 66 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA BC50T UT WOS:A1994BC50T00001 ER PT S AU CASHMAN, KV MANGAN, MT AF CASHMAN, KV MANGAN, MT BE Carroll, MR Holloway, JR TI PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF MAGMATIC DEGASSING .2. CONSTRAINTS ON VESICULATION PROCESSES FROM TEXTURAL STUDIES OF ERUPTIVE PRODUCTS SO VOLATILES IN MAGMAS SE REVIEWS IN MINERALOGY LA English DT Review ID VESICLE-DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS; BUBBLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; OCEANIC BASALT GLASSES; DIMENSIONAL SOAP FROTH; MOUNT-ST-HELENS; DE-FUCA RIDGE; KILAUEA VOLCANO; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; SILICIC VOLCANISM C1 US GEOL SURVEY, HAWAII VOLCANO OBSERV, HAWAII NATL PK, HI 96718 USA. RP CASHMAN, KV (reprint author), UNIV OREGON, DEPT GEOL SCI, EUGENE, OR 97403 USA. NR 142 TC 90 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 19 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0275-0279 BN 0-939950-36-7 J9 REV MINERAL JI Rev. Mineral. PY 1994 VL 30 BP 447 EP 478 PG 32 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA BC50T UT WOS:A1994BC50T00012 ER PT B AU MCADA, D AF MCADA, D GP NEW MEXICO WATER RESOURCES RES INST TI Summary of US Geological Survey and City of Albuquerque hydrologic investigations program SO WATER FUTURE OF ALBUQUERQUE AND MIDDLE RIO GRANDE BASIN: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 39TH ANNUAL NEW MEXICO WATER CONFERENCE SE WRRI REPORT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Mexico Water Conference - The Water Future of Albuquerque and Middle Rio Grande Basin CY NOV 03-04, 1994 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP New Mexico Water Resources Res Inst, Amer Water Resources Assoc, New Mexico Sect C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87110. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW MEXICO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH INSTITUTE PI LAS CRUCES PA NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV, LAS CRUCES, NM 88003 J9 WRRI REP PY 1994 IS 290 BP 179 EP 181 PG 3 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BD59U UT WOS:A1994BD59U00019 ER PT J AU FOWLERPROPST, J AF FOWLERPROPST, J GP NEW MEXICO WATER RESOURCES RES INST TI The Endangered Species Act SO WATER FUTURE OF ALBUQUERQUE AND MIDDLE RIO GRANDE BASIN: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 39TH ANNUAL NEW MEXICO WATER CONFERENCE SE WRRI REPORT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Mexico Water Conference - The Water Future of Albuquerque and Middle Rio Grande Basin CY NOV 03-04, 1994 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP New Mexico Water Resources Res Inst, Amer Water Resources Assoc, New Mexico Sect C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NEW MEXICO ECOL SERV OFF,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87113. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW MEXICO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH INSTITUTE PI LAS CRUCES PA NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV, LAS CRUCES, NM 88003 J9 WRRI REP PY 1994 IS 290 BP 307 EP 311 PG 5 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BD59U UT WOS:A1994BD59U00035 ER PT J AU EASH, DA AF EASH, DA TI A GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEM PROCEDURE TO QUANTIFY DRAINAGE-BASIN CHARACTERISTICS SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE IOWA; GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS; GEOMORPHOLOGY; DRAINAGE BASIN MORPHOLOGY AB The Basin Characteristics System (BCS) has been developed to quantify characteristics of a drainage basin. The first of four main BCS processing steps creates four geographic information system (GIS) digital maps representing the drainage divide, the drainage network, elevation contours, and the basin length. The drainage divide and basin length are manually digitized from 1:250,000-scale topographic maps. The drainage network is extracted using GIS software from 1:100,000-scale digital line graph data. The elevation contours are generated using GIS software from 1:250,000-scale digital elevation model data. The second and third steps use software developed to assign attributes to specific features in three of the four digital maps and analyze the four maps to quantify 24 morphometric basin characteristics. The fourth step quantifies two climatic characteristics from digitized State maps of precipitation data. Compared to manual methods of measurement, the BCS provides a reduction in the time required to quantify the 26 basin characteristics. Comparison tests indicate the BCS measurements are not significantly different from manual topographic-map measurements for 11 of 12 primary drainage-basin characteristics. Tests indicate the BCS significantly underestimates basin slope. Comparison-measurement differences for basin slope, main channel slope, and basin relief appear to be due to limitations in the digital elevation model data. RP EASH, DA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,POB 1230,IOWA CITY,IA 52244, USA. NR 10 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 30 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA MZ127 UT WOS:A1994MZ12700002 ER PT J AU MCPHERSON, BF MILLER, RL AF MCPHERSON, BF MILLER, RL TI CAUSES OF LIGHT ATTENUATION IN TAMPA BAY AND CHARLOTTE HARBOR, SOUTHWESTERN FLORIDA SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE WATER QUALITY; ATTENUATION; LIGHT TRANSMISSION; CHLOROPHYLL-A; WATER COLOR; SUSPENDED MATTER; SOLAR ANGLE; ESTUARY; FLORIDA COAST ID UNDERWATER LIGHT; PHYTOPLANKTON; ESTUARY AB Vertical attenuation of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in clear waters of central Florida theoretically can vary almost 50 percent during a sunny summer day as a result of changing solar elevation. We used a simple formula to partially adjust the attenuation coefficient in Tampa Bay and Charlotte Harbor for changing solar elevation of the direct beam and then used multiple regression analysis to estimate the relative contribution of different water properties or constituents to the adjusted attenuation coefficient, k(adj). Color, on an average, was responsible for 18 percent of k(adj), chlorophyll a for 21 percent, nonchlorophyll suspended matter for 55 percent, and seawater for the remaining 6 percent. In both estuaries, k(adj) increased with decreasing salinity as a result of freshwater runoff adding color, suspended matter, and nutrients. Nutrients affected attenuation by stimulating phytoplankton growth and increasing concentrations of chlorophyll a. Reduced nutrient loading to upper Tampa Bay (Hillsborough Bay) in the early to mid-1980's appears to have decreased concentrations of chlorophyll a, increased water clarity, and increased seagrass recolonization. Assuming other attenuating substances remained unchanged, the decrease in the average concentration of chlorophyll from 30 to 15 mug L-1 would correspond to an increase in the depth of light penetration necessary for seagrass survival (> 10 percent incident light) from 1.0 to 1.5 m, which, on a relatively flat sea bed (slope of 2 m/km), would increase the area potentially available for seagrass recolonization by 0.25 km2/km of shoreline. RP MCPHERSON, BF (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,4710 EISENHOWER BLVD,SUITE B-5,TAMPA,FL 33634, USA. NR 25 TC 25 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 30 IS 1 BP 43 EP 53 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA MZ127 UT WOS:A1994MZ12700007 ER PT J AU STONESTROM, DA AKSTIN, KC AF STONESTROM, DA AKSTIN, KC TI NONMONOTONIC MATRIC PRESSURE HISTORIES DURING CONSTANT FLUX INFILTRATION INTO HOMOGENEOUS PROFILES SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RAINFALL INFILTRATION; SOILS; HYSTERESIS AB Constant flux infiltration experiments were performed at rates less than saturated hydraulic conductivity (K-sat) on uniform columns of soils and glass beads with low initial water contents. Tensiometers measured matric pressure (psi) histories at various depths in the 0.05-m diameter, 0.73-m-tall columns. One of two devices applied the steady fluxes: one was a ceramic plate applicator that allowed monitoring of pressures above the plate, and the other was a rain applicator that sprinkled water uniformly over the surface. Two columns were used. One allowed destructive sampling for water content in a way that prevented postrun changes in water content. The other allowed prerun replacement of pore air with gases of different solubilities. Contrary to predictions based on the Richards equation, transmission zone psi values passed through maxima, then decreased continuously as wetting fronts moved down columns. Such nonideal behavior was observed in Aiken silt loam, Hanford sandy loam, Delhi sand, Oakley sand, and grass beads. At an infiltration rate equal to 70% of K-sat, values of psi at 2, 5, and 8 cm depths in the glass beads column decreased an average of 52% from their respective maxima in about 3 hours. In the soil columns the nonmonotonic behavior was less pronounced but statistically significant at all rates examined (3-59% of K-sat). Matric pressure reversals were larger, and corresponding maxima higher, when a given rate was preceded by a series of stepwise increasing rates. Tests of possible explanations provided no evidence to support hypotheses involving trapped-air dynamics, convective air flow, particle rearrangement, or experimental artifacts. The results cast doubt on the ability of the Richards equation to predict the course of constant flux infiltration including the initiation of runoff. RP STONESTROM, DA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. RI Stonestrom, David/E-9125-2011 OI Stonestrom, David/0000-0001-7883-3385 NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 30 IS 1 BP 81 EP 91 DI 10.1029/93WR02476 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA MP401 UT WOS:A1994MP40100008 ER PT B AU HOFFMAN, DJ AF HOFFMAN, DJ BE Kendall, RJ Lacher, TE TI MEASUREMENTS OF TOXICITY AND CRITICAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT SO WILDLIFE TOXICOLOGY AND POPULATION MODELING: INTEGRATED STUDIES OF AGROECOSYSTEMS SE SETAC SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Pellston Workshop on The Population Ecology and Wildlife Toxicology of Agricultural Pesticide Use: A Modeling Initiative for Avian Species CY JUL 22-28, 1990 CL KIAWAH ISLAND, SC SP SOC ENVIRONM TOXICOL & CHEM DE EMBRYO; NESTLING; TERATOGENIC; EMBRYOTOXIC; PESTICIDE; PETROLEUM C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 BN 0-87371-591-8 J9 SETAC SP P PY 1994 BP 47 EP 67 PG 21 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Zoology GA BZ61G UT WOS:A1994BZ61G00006 ER PT B AU HILL, EF AF HILL, EF BE Kendall, RJ Lacher, TE TI ACUTE AND SUBACUTE TOXICOLOGY IN EVALUATION OF PESTICIDE HAZARD TO AVIAN WILDLIFE SO WILDLIFE TOXICOLOGY AND POPULATION MODELING: INTEGRATED STUDIES OF AGROECOSYSTEMS SE SETAC SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Pellston Workshop on The Population Ecology and Wildlife Toxicology of Agricultural Pesticide Use: A Modeling Initiative for Avian Species CY JUL 22-28, 1990 CL KIAWAH ISLAND, SC SP SOC ENVIRONM TOXICOL & CHEM DE BIRDS; PESTICIDES; LETHAL TOXICITY; HAZARD C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 BN 0-87371-591-8 J9 SETAC SP P PY 1994 BP 207 EP 226 PG 20 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Zoology GA BZ61G UT WOS:A1994BZ61G00022 ER PT B AU GEROULD, S AF GEROULD, S BE Kendall, RJ Lacher, TE TI MONITORING DATA AS A SOURCE OF INFORMATION FOR MODELERS SO WILDLIFE TOXICOLOGY AND POPULATION MODELING: INTEGRATED STUDIES OF AGROECOSYSTEMS SE SETAC SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Pellston Workshop on The Population Ecology and Wildlife Toxicology of Agricultural Pesticide Use: A Modeling Initiative for Avian Species CY JUL 22-28, 1990 CL KIAWAH ISLAND, SC SP SOC ENVIRONM TOXICOL & CHEM C1 US GEOL SURVEY,OFF WATER QUAL,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 BN 0-87371-591-8 J9 SETAC SP P PY 1994 BP 269 EP 270 PG 2 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Zoology GA BZ61G UT WOS:A1994BZ61G00027 ER PT B AU STEFFECK, DW AF STEFFECK, DW BE Kendall, RJ Lacher, TE TI THE ROLE OF MONITORING IN ASSESSING PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON AVIAN SPECIES AND THEIR HABITATS SO WILDLIFE TOXICOLOGY AND POPULATION MODELING: INTEGRATED STUDIES OF AGROECOSYSTEMS SE SETAC SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Pellston Workshop on The Population Ecology and Wildlife Toxicology of Agricultural Pesticide Use: A Modeling Initiative for Avian Species CY JUL 22-28, 1990 CL KIAWAH ISLAND, SC SP SOC ENVIRONM TOXICOL & CHEM DE MONITORING; PESTICIDES; AVIAN; MODELING; NATIONAL-PESTICIDE-MONITORING-PROGRAM C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ECOL SERV,DIV ENVIRONM CONTAMINANTS,PORTLAND,OR. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 BN 0-87371-591-8 J9 SETAC SP P PY 1994 BP 271 EP 281 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Zoology GA BZ61G UT WOS:A1994BZ61G00028 ER PT B AU GEROULD, S AF GEROULD, S BE Kendall, RJ Lacher, TE TI MONITORING AVIAN POPULATIONS FOR PESTICIDE EXPOSURE AND EFFECTS - USES AND CAUTIONS FOR ECOLOGICAL MODELERS SO WILDLIFE TOXICOLOGY AND POPULATION MODELING: INTEGRATED STUDIES OF AGROECOSYSTEMS SE SETAC SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Pellston Workshop on The Population Ecology and Wildlife Toxicology of Agricultural Pesticide Use: A Modeling Initiative for Avian Species CY JUL 22-28, 1990 CL KIAWAH ISLAND, SC SP SOC ENVIRONM TOXICOL & CHEM DE MONITORING; MODELS; AVIAN; PESTICIDES; BIOMARKERS C1 US GEOL SURVEY,OFF WATER QUAL,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 BN 0-87371-591-8 J9 SETAC SP P PY 1994 BP 339 EP 343 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Zoology GA BZ61G UT WOS:A1994BZ61G00032 ER PT B AU SAUER, JR BARKER, RJ GEISSLER, PH AF SAUER, JR BARKER, RJ GEISSLER, PH BE Kendall, RJ Lacher, TE TI STATISTICAL ASPECTS OF MODELING POPULATION-CHANGE FROM POPULATION-SIZE DATA SO WILDLIFE TOXICOLOGY AND POPULATION MODELING: INTEGRATED STUDIES OF AGROECOSYSTEMS SE SETAC SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Pellston Workshop on The Population Ecology and Wildlife Toxicology of Agricultural Pesticide Use: A Modeling Initiative for Avian Species CY JUL 22-28, 1990 CL KIAWAH ISLAND, SC SP SOC ENVIRONM TOXICOL & CHEM DE EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; DEMOGRAPHICS; FINITE RATE OF INCREASE; SURVEYS; INDEXES C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,BRANCH MIGRATORY BIRD RES,LAUREL,MD 20708. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 BN 0-87371-591-8 J9 SETAC SP P PY 1994 BP 451 EP 466 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Zoology GA BZ61G UT WOS:A1994BZ61G00042 ER PT B AU HEINZ, GH BRODY, M BLUS, LJ AF HEINZ, GH BRODY, M BLUS, LJ BE Kendall, RJ Lacher, TE TI HOW VALUABLE ARE THE RESULTS OF MODELS AND LABORATORY STUDIES WHEN EXTENDED TO FIELD SITUATIONS SO WILDLIFE TOXICOLOGY AND POPULATION MODELING: INTEGRATED STUDIES OF AGROECOSYSTEMS SE SETAC SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Pellston Workshop on The Population Ecology and Wildlife Toxicology of Agricultural Pesticide Use: A Modeling Initiative for Avian Species CY JUL 22-28, 1990 CL KIAWAH ISLAND, SC SP SOC ENVIRONM TOXICOL & CHEM C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,ENVIRONM CONTAMINANTS RES BRANCH,LAUREL,MD 20708. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 BN 0-87371-591-8 J9 SETAC SP P PY 1994 BP 551 EP 555 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Zoology GA BZ61G UT WOS:A1994BZ61G00052 ER PT J AU AYCOCK, SR HUNTER, WC AF AYCOCK, SR HUNTER, WC BE Smith, WP Pashley, DN TI IDENTIFYING MANAGEMENT NEEDS SO WORKSHOP TO RESOLVE CONFLICTS IN THE CONSERVATION OF MIGRATORY LANDBIRDS IN BOTTOMLAND HARDWOOD FOREST SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT SOUTHEASTERN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop to Resolve Conflicts in the Conservation of Migratory Landbirds in Bottomland Hardwood Forests CY AUG 09-10, 1993 CL TENSAS NATL WILDLIFE REFUGE, TALLULAH, LA SP USDA FOREST SERV, SO FOREST EXPTL STN HO TENSAS NATL WILDLIFE REFUGE C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,JACKSON,MS 39213. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV SE FOREST EXPT STN PI ASHEVILLE PA PO BOX 2680, ASHEVILLE, NC 28802 J9 USDA SOUTHE PY 1994 VL 114 BP 31 EP 37 PG 7 WC Ecology; Ornithology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BC07H UT WOS:A1994BC07H00009 ER PT B AU KELMELIS, JA RAGONE, SE AF KELMELIS, JA RAGONE, SE BE Shen, SY TI A GEOGRAPHICALLY-BASED STRATEGY FOR TERRESTRIAL-EFFECTS RESEARCH - ORGANIZING SCIENCE TO SUPPORT POLICY ON GLOBAL AND REGIONAL SCALES SO WORLD RESOURCE REVIEW, VOL 4, NO 2-4: GLOBAL WARMING: PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 1992 SE GLOBAL WARMING INTERNATIONAL CENTER MONOGRAPH SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Global Warming: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference 1992 CY 1992 CL CHICAGO, IL C1 US GEOL SURVEY,GLOBAL CHANGE RES PROGRAM,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SUPCON INTERNATIONAL PI WOODRIDGE PA PO BOX 5275, WOODRIDGE, IL 60517-0275 BN 0-9634567-2-5 J9 GLOB WARM INT CTR M PY 1994 BP 156 EP 174 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BA36S UT WOS:A1994BA36S00002 ER PT B AU KIRTLAND, DA AF KIRTLAND, DA BE Shen, SY TI PROGRESS IN GLOBAL LAND DATA SETS AND LAND CHARACTERIZATION - USGS RESEARCH-PROGRAM SO WORLD RESOURCE REVIEW, VOL 5, NO 2-4: GLOBAL WARMING SCIENCE AND POLICY: PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 1993 SE GLOBAL WARMING INTERNATIONAL CENTER MONOGRAPH SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Global Warming Science and Policy: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference 1993 CY APR 05-08, 1993 CL CHICAGO, IL C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SUPCON INTERNATIONAL PI WOODRIDGE PA PO BOX 5275, WOODRIDGE, IL 60517-0275 BN 0-9634567-3-3 J9 GLOB WARM INT CTR M PY 1994 BP 286 EP 302 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BA36T UT WOS:A1994BA36T00011 ER PT J AU KLINGER, RC VANDENAVYLE, MJ AF KLINGER, RC VANDENAVYLE, MJ TI PRESERVATION OF STRIPED BASS EGGS - EFFECTS OF FORMALIN CONCENTRATION, BUFFERING, STAIN, AND INITIAL-STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID PERIVITELLINE FLUID; OSMOTIC PROPERTIES; SALMO-SALAR AB Samples of eggs from striped bass Morone saxatilis were collected at 12, 24, 36, and 48 h after fertilization and preserved in eight solutions that varied in formalin concentration (4%, 7%, and 10%), presence of buffer, and presence of Eosin and Biebrich Scarlet stain. Eggs that were adequately preserved had intact chorions, clear perivitelline spaces, well-defined blastoderms, and other embryonic features that allowed determination of developmental stages. More than 97% of eggs preserved at 36 and 48 h remained stageable for 29 weeks, regardless of preservative. However, eggs preserved 12 h after fertilization had significantly lower stageability (< 28%) in buffered fixatives beginning at 11 weeks. Stageability of 24-h eggs declined to 60-65% in 4% buffered formalin but exceeded 98% in all other preservatives. During the 29 weeks, pH of the test solutions dropped to 3.6-5.3 without buffer but was stable at 6.8-7.0 with buffer. The most appropriate preservative for storage of all stages of striped bass eggs was 4-7% unbuffered formalin. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,UNIV GEORGIA,SCH FOREST RESOURCES,ATHENS,GA 30602. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS BUSINESS OFFICE PI CARBONDALE PA SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIV, DEPT ZOOLOGY, CARBONDALE, IL 62901-6501 SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD DEC 28 PY 1993 IS 4 BP 1114 EP 1119 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA MP586 UT WOS:A1993MP58600021 ER PT J AU PLUMMER, LN AF PLUMMER, LN TI STABLE-ISOTOPE ENRICHMENT IN PALEOWATERS OF THE SOUTHEAST ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN, UNITED-STATES SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ICE-AGE CLIMATE; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; EUROPEAN GROUNDWATERS; NORTH-AMERICA; NEW-MEXICO; SEA-LEVEL; O-18; SIMULATION; WATER AB Paleowaters from the Floridan aquifer system in the southeastern Atlantic coastal plain have higher D/H and O-18/O-16 ratios than local Holocene ground water. Maximum deltaO-18 enrichments in ground water having adjusted radiocarbon ages of 20,000 to 26,000 years are 0.7 to 2.3 per mil. The trend in isotopic enrichment in paleowaters is the reverse of that normally observed in continental glacial age ground water. Dissolved nitrogen and argon concentrations indicate, however, that the average recharge temperature was 5.3-degrees-C cooler than that today. The data indicate cool conditions in the southeast Atlantic coastal plain during the last glacial maximum, with recharge limited primarily to late summer tropical cyclones and hurricanes. RP PLUMMER, LN (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. OI Plummer, L. Niel/0000-0002-4020-1013 NR 68 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 24 PY 1993 VL 262 IS 5142 BP 2016 EP 2020 DI 10.1126/science.262.5142.2016 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA MN108 UT WOS:A1993MN10800033 PM 17794967 ER PT J AU GARDNER, AL ROMO, M AF GARDNER, AL ROMO, M TI A NEW THOMASOMYS (MAMMALIA, RODENTIA) FROM THE PERUVIAN ANDES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB We describe a new species, Thomasomys macrotis, from the eastern slope of the Andes of northcentral Peru (department of San Martin, Rio Abiseo National Park). This rodent is a large-bodied, big-eared, but relatively short-tailed thomasomyine inhabiting the wet montane forest near the upper limit of the continuous forest zone. It is the second large, previously-undescribed Thomasomys to be found in the park. C1 ASOCIAC PERUANA CONSERVAC NAT,LIMA 17,PERU. RP GARDNER, AL (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL ECOL RES CTR,BIOL SURVEY FIELD STN,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD DEC 17 PY 1993 VL 106 IS 4 BP 762 EP 774 PG 13 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA MN655 UT WOS:A1993MN65500017 ER PT J AU HOUGH, SE MORI, J SEMBERA, E GLASSMOYER, G MUELLER, C LYDEEN, S AF HOUGH, SE MORI, J SEMBERA, E GLASSMOYER, G MUELLER, C LYDEEN, S TI SOUTHERN SURFACE RUPTURE ASSOCIATED WITH THE 1992 M7.4 LANDERS EARTHQUAKE - DID IT ALL HAPPEN DURING THE MAINSHOCK SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA AB Approximately three minutes after the magnitude 7.4 Landers mainshock on 28 June 1992, a M5.7 aftershock occurred south of the mainshock epicenter, with a location of 34-degrees 7.65'N, 116-degrees 23.82' W. This aftershock was recorded on an array of portable digital seismic instruments deployed in Morongo Valley, 21 km southwest of the event. Although peak accelerations are found to differ by approximately 50% at stations with similar general site conditions within 500 m of each other, there is good coherence of arrivals across the array for frequencies less-than-or-equal-to 1 Hz. We use the recordings to determine the apparent phase velocity and azimuth of propagation across the array, and show that the event clearly ruptured to the south, with a rupture length of approximately 11 km and a rupture velocity of approximately 3.0 km/s. Our results suggest that at least some of the mapped surface rupture south of the town of Yucca Valley (approximately 11 km in extent; maximum displacement of 20 cm) may have been associated with this aftershock. If this is the case, then the fault that produced the southern end of the Landers mainshock (the Johnson Valley fault) need not continue at depth across the active left-lateral, east-west trending Pinto Mountain fault. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94035. BENDIX CORP,INDIO,CA. RP HOUGH, SE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,525 S WILSON AVE,PASADENA,CA 91106, USA. NR 10 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 14 PY 1993 VL 20 IS 23 BP 2615 EP 2618 DI 10.1029/93GL00666 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MP205 UT WOS:A1993MP20500010 ER PT J AU ULMISHEK, GF MASTERS, CD AF ULMISHEK, GF MASTERS, CD TI OIL, GAS-RESOURCES ESTIMATED IN THE FORMER SOVIET-UNION SO OIL & GAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article RP ULMISHEK, GF (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,PETR GEOL BRANCH,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO ENERGY GROUP PI TULSA PA 1421 S SHERIDAN RD PO BOX 1260, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0030-1388 J9 OIL GAS J JI Oil Gas J. PD DEC 13 PY 1993 VL 91 IS 50 BP 59 EP 62 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA MM076 UT WOS:A1993MM07600013 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, AM FLEMING, RW AF JOHNSON, AM FLEMING, RW TI FORMATION OF LEFT-LATERAL FRACTURES WITHIN THE SUMMIT RIDGE SHEAR ZONE, 1989 LOMA-PRIETA, CALIFORNIA, EARTHQUAKE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SANTA-CRUZ MOUNTAINS; SLIP-FAULT ZONES; ANDREAS AB The 1989 Loma Prieta, California, earthquake is characterized by the lack of major, throughgoing, coseismic, right-lateral faulting along strands of the San Andreas fault zone in the epicentral area. Instead, throughout the Summit Ridge area there are zones of tension cracks and left-lateral fracture zones oriented about N45-degrees-W, that is, roughly parallel to the San Andreas fault in this area. The left-lateral fractures zones are enigmatic because their left-lateral slip is opposite to the right-lateral sense of the relative motion between the Pacific and North American plates. We suggest that the enigmatic fractures can be understood if we assume that coseismic deformation was by right-lateral shear across a broad zone, about 0.5 km wide and 4 km long, beneath Summit Ridge. The shear zone has an orientation of about N70-degrees-W and is oblique to the San Andreas fault zone, which has a trend of N45-degrees to 50-degrees-W, so that right-lateral shearing, along with some dilation, can account for the orientation of the fracture zones. Using an analog, kinematic model of the Summit Ridge shear zone and the observable geometric parameters (a shear zone about 0.5 km wide, an acute angle of 25-degrees between the tension cracks and the shear-zone walls, left-lateral slip of 5 cm, and spacing of about 100 m in the tension cracks) we estimate that the amount of right-lateral shift across the Summit Ridge shear zone was on the order of 1.4 m. This is comparable to the amount of slip for coseismic faulting at depth, 1.9 to 2.4 m, as computed by several investigators. Thus contrary to most previous reports on the Loma Prieta earthquake, which assert that coseismic, right-lateral ground rupture was restricted to considerable (greater than 4 km) depths in the epicentral area, we find that nearly all the right-lateral offset is represented at the ground surface by the Summit Ridge shear zone. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,BRANCH GEOL RISK ASSESSMENT,DENVER,CO 80225. RP JOHNSON, AM (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,RICHARD H JAHNS ENGN GEOL LAB,DEPT EARTH & ATMOSPHER SCI,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 10 PY 1993 VL 98 IS B12 BP 21823 EP 21837 DI 10.1029/93JB02385 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ML693 UT WOS:A1993ML69300008 ER PT J AU TENBRINK, US BENAVRAHAM, Z BELL, RE HASSOUNEH, M COLEMAN, DF ANDREASEN, G TIBOR, G COAKLEY, B AF TENBRINK, US BENAVRAHAM, Z BELL, RE HASSOUNEH, M COLEMAN, DF ANDREASEN, G TIBOR, G COAKLEY, B TI STRUCTURE OF THE DEAD-SEA PULL-APART BASIN FROM GRAVITY ANALYSES SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID PLATE KINEMATICS; RED-SEA; RIFT; TRANSFORM; CALIFORNIA; EXAMPLES; SYSTEM; MODELS; FAULTS; REGION AB Analyses and modeling of gravity data in the Dead Sea pull-apart basin reveal the geometry of the basin and constrain models for its evolution. The basin is located within a valley which defines the Dead Sea transform plate boundary between Africa and Arabia. Three hundred kilometers of continuous marine gravity data, collected in a lake occupying the northern part of the basin, were integrated with land gravity data from Israel and Jordan to provide coverage to 30 km either side of the basin. Free-air and variable-density Bouguer anomaly maps, a horizontal first derivative map of the Bouguer anomaly, and gravity models of profiles across and along the basin were used with existing geological and geophysical information to infer the structure of the basin. The basin is a long (132 km), narrow (7-10 km), and deep (less-than-or-equal-to 10 km) full graben which is bounded by subvertical faults along its long sides. The Bouguer anomaly along the axis of the basin decreases gradually from both the northern and southern ends, suggesting that the basin sags toward the center and is not bounded by faults at its narrow ends. The surface expression of the basin is wider at its center (less-than-or-equal-to 16 km) and covers the entire width of the transform valley due to the presence of shallower blocks that dip toward the basin. These blocks are interpreted to represent the widening of the basin by a passive collapse of the valley floor as the full graben deepened. The collapse was probably facilitated by movement along the normal faults that bound the transform valley. We present a model in which the geometry of the Dead Sea basin (i.e., full graben with relative along-axis symmetry) may be controlled by stretching of the entire (brittle and ductile) crust along its long axis. There is no evidence for the participation of the upper mantle in the deformation of the basin, and the Moho is not significantly elevated. The basin is probably close to being isostatically uncompensated, and thermal effects related to stretching are expected to be minimal. The amount of crustal stretching calculated from this model is 21 km and the stretching factor is 1. 19. If the rate of crustal stretching is similar to the rate of relative plate motion (6 mm/yr), the basin should be approximately 3.5 m.y. old, in accord with geological evidence. C1 TEL AVIV UNIV,DEPT GEOPHYS & PLANETARY SCI,IL-69978 TEL AVIV,ISRAEL. COLUMBIA UNIV,LAMONT DOHERTY GEOL OBSERV,PALISADES,NY 10964. NAT RESOURCES AUTHOR,DIV GEOL,AMMAN,JORDAN. US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. RP TENBRINK, US (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,QUINSETT CAMPUS,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. RI ten Brink, Uri/A-1258-2008 OI ten Brink, Uri/0000-0001-6858-3001 NR 47 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 10 PY 1993 VL 98 IS B12 BP 21877 EP 21894 DI 10.1029/93JB02025 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ML693 UT WOS:A1993ML69300012 ER PT J AU JARCHOW, CM THOMPSON, GA CATCHINGS, RD MOONEY, WD AF JARCHOW, CM THOMPSON, GA CATCHINGS, RD MOONEY, WD TI SEISMIC EVIDENCE FOR ACTIVE MAGMATIC UNDERPLATING BENEATH THE BASIN AND RANGE PROVINCE, WESTERN UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID LOWER CONTINENTAL-CRUST; COMPRESSIONAL WAVE VELOCITIES; REFLECTION DATA; METAMORPHIC ROCKS; HIGH-TEMPERATURES; GRANITIC MAGMAS; CENTRAL NEVADA; HEAT-FLOW; COCORP; ORIGIN AB Near-vertical and wide-angle seismic reflection data provide evidence for the presence of a magma body at the base of the crust beneath Buena Vista Valley in northwestern Nevada. The seismic response of this hypothesized magma body is characterized by high-amplitude, near-vertical P wave reflections and a comparably strong P-to-S converted phase. The magma body, referred to here as the Buena Vista Magma Body, is probably a single sill with thickness no greater than 200 m and length no greater than 1.8 km. The melt fraction in the sill is undoubtedly greater than 20-30%, and probably exceeds 50%. Melt composition is unconstrained. Although the age of the Buena Vista Magma Body is difficult to determine precisely, it is probably no older than 500,000 years. This suggests that magmatism in the Basin and Range Province is an ongoing process, despite the relative paucity of volcanic rocks erupted at the surface during the last 6 m.y. C1 US GEOL SURVEY, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. STANFORD UNIV, DEPT GEOPHYS, STANFORD, CA 94305 USA. NR 98 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 10 PY 1993 VL 98 IS B12 BP 22095 EP 22108 DI 10.1029/93JB02021 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ML693 UT WOS:A1993ML69300028 ER PT J AU HARTZELL, S LANGER, C AF HARTZELL, S LANGER, C TI IMPORTANCE OF MODEL PARAMETERIZATION IN FINITE FAULT INVERSIONS - APPLICATION TO THE 1974 MW 8.0 PERU EARTHQUAKE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID OUTER-RISE EARTHQUAKE; WAVE-FORM INVERSION; GROUND-MOTION; SUBDUCTION PROCESS; ANDREANOF ISLANDS; RUPTURE HISTORY; CALIFORNIA; DEPTH; SLIP; SEISMICITY AB The spatial and temporal slip distributions for the October 3, 1974 (M(W) = 8.0), Peru subduction zone earthquake and its largest aftershock on November 9 (M(S) = 7.1) are calculated and analyzed in terms of the inversion parameterization and tectonic significance. Teleseismic, long-period World-Wide Standard Seismograph Network, P and SH waveforms are inverted to obtain the rupture histories. We demonstrate that erroneous results are obtained if a parameterization is used that does not allow for a sufficiently complex source, involving spatial variation in slip amplitude, risetime, and rupture time. The inversion method utilizes a parameterization of the fault that allows for a discretized source risetime and rupture time. Well-located aftershocks recorded on a local network have the same general pattern as teleseismically determined hypocenters and help to constrain the geometry of the subduction zone. For the main shock a hinged fault is preferred having a shallow plane with a dip of 11-degrees and a deeper, landward plane with a dip of 30-degrees. The preferred nucleation depth lies between 11 and 15 km. A bilateral rupture is obtained with two major concentrations of slip, one 60 to 70 km to the northwest of the epicenter and a second 80 to 100 km to the south and southeast of the epicenter. For these source regions, risetimes vary from 6 to 18 s. Our estimates of risetimes are consistent with the time for the rupture to traverse the dominant local asperity. The slip distribution for the November 9 aftershock falls within a conspicuous hole in the main shock rupture pattern, near the hypocenter of the main shock. The November 9 event has a simple risetime function with a duration of 2 s. Aftershocks recorded by the local network are shown to cluster near the hypocenter of the impending November 9 event and downdip from the largest main shock source region. Slip during the main shock is concentrated at shallow depths above 15 km and extends updip from the hypocenter to near the plate boundary at the trench axis. The large amount of slip at shallow depths is attributed to the absence of any significant accretionary wedge of sediments, and the relatively young age and high convergence rate of the subducted plate, which results in good seismic coupling near the trench axis. RP HARTZELL, S (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,EARTHQUAKE & LANDSLIDE HAZARDS BRANCH,BOX 25046,MS 966,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 47 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 10 PY 1993 VL 98 IS B12 BP 22123 EP 22134 DI 10.1029/93JB02453 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ML693 UT WOS:A1993ML69300030 ER PT J AU RYAN, HF SCHOLL, DW AF RYAN, HF SCHOLL, DW TI GEOLOGIC IMPLICATIONS OF GREAT INTERPLATE EARTHQUAKES ALONG THE ALEUTIAN ARC SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID ANDREANOF ISLANDS EARTHQUAKE; SOURCE PARAMETERS; RUPTURE PROCESS; SEISMICITY; SUBDUCTION; ALASKA; REGION; ZONES; ADAK; DEFORMATION AB The Aleutian arc is one of the most seismically active regions of the world. It consists of a number of segments or blocks that are rotating clockwise and translating westward along the North American-Pacific plate boundary. Two of the largest recorded earthquakes have occurred along the interplate boundary south of the Andreanof Islands in 1957 and the Rat Islands in 1965. The large magnitudes of these earthquakes implied that the probability of the recurrence of a large-magnitude event at these same locations was low. However, the occurrence of a great earthquake south of the Andreanof Islands in 1986 less than 30 years after the 1957 event has prompted a reevaluation of the seismic potential of the arc. We present new marine geophysical observations and synthesize previous geologic interpretations of the Aleutian arc to show that the epicenters of these great thrust-type earthquakes coincide with upper plate segments of the arc characterized by a coherent forearc structural fabric. These segments, which are associated with large plutonic masses, are mechanically stronger and are related to the location of asperities positioned at depth along the main thrust zone; they appear to be more strongly attached to the North American plate than adjacent blocks. The tectonically controlled locations of these asperities thus appear to influence the seismicity along the arc. The Andreanof and Rat segments of the arc are separated by the Delarof segment, which is considered to have a high probability of a large-magnitude earthquake in the near future based on probabilistic estimates of seismic potential (Nishenko, 1991). The Delarof segment of the arc, however. is highly disrupted by arc-transverse faults. This segment is structurally weak and does not appear to be capable of accumulating the interplate strain necessary to generate a great, subduction zone earthquake. We propose that variations in upper plate structural strength and mobility affect the mechanical properties of the interplate thrust zone and need to be considered in localizing interplate asperities. Forearc tectonic segmentation associated with the partitioning of strike-slip and thrust motions may exert long-term controls on the rates of seismic moment release. RP RYAN, HF (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MAIL STOP 999,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 53 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 10 PY 1993 VL 98 IS B12 BP 22135 EP 22146 DI 10.1029/93JB02451 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ML693 UT WOS:A1993ML69300031 ER PT J AU DVORAK, JJ DZURISIN, D AF DVORAK, JJ DZURISIN, D TI VARIATIONS IN MAGMA SUPPLY RATE AT KILAUEA VOLCANO, HAWAII SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID EMPEROR SEAMOUNT CHAIN; TREMOR; MODEL; EARTHQUAKE; MECHANISM; ERUPTIONS; TRANSPORT; STORAGE; MANTLE AB When an eruption of Kilauea lasts more than 4 months, so that a well-defined conduit has time to develop, magma moves freely through the volcano from a deep source to the eruptive site at a constant rate of 0.09 km 3/yr. At other times, the magma supply rate to Kilauea, estimated from geodetic measurements of surface displacements, may be different. For example, after a large withdrawal of magma from the summit reservoir, such as during a rift zone eruption, the magma supply rate is high initially but then lessens and exponentially decays as the reservoir refills. Different episodes of refilling may have different average rates of magma supply. During four year-long episodes in the 1960s, the annual rate of refilling varied from 0.02 to 0.18 km3/yr, bracketing the sustained eruptive rate of 0.09 km 3/yr. For decade-long or longer periods, our estimate of magma supply rate is based on long-term changes in eruptive rate. We use eruptive rate because after a few dozen eruptions the volume of magma that passes through the summit reservoir is much larger than the net change of volume of magma stored within Kilauea. The low eruptive rate of 0.009 km3/yr between 1840 and 1950, compared to an average eruptive rate of 0.05 km3/yr since 1950, suggests that the magma supply rate was lower between 1840 and 1950 than it has been since 1950. An obvious difference in activity before and since 1950 was the frequency of rift zone eruptions: eight rift zone eruptions occurred between 1840 and 1950, but more than 20 rift zone eruptions have occurred since 1950. The frequency of rift zone eruptions influences magma supply rate by suddenly lowering pressure of the summit magma reservoir, which feeds magma to rift zone eruptions. A temporary drop of reservoir pressure means a larger-than-normal pressure difference between the reservoir and a deeper source, so magma is forced to move upward into Kilauea at a faster rate. RP DVORAK, JJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,CASCADES VOLCANO OBSERV,5400 MACARTHUR BLVD,VANCOUVER,WA 98661, USA. NR 62 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 10 PY 1993 VL 98 IS B12 BP 22255 EP 22268 DI 10.1029/93JB02765 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ML693 UT WOS:A1993ML69300039 ER PT J AU RYAN, MP AF RYAN, MP TI NEUTRAL BUOYANCY AND THE STRUCTURE OF MIDOCEAN RIDGE MAGMA RESERVOIRS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; SEISMIC VELOCITY STRUCTURE; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; TRANSPORT PHENOMENA; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; CONVECTING MAGMA; REFLECTION DATA; 2-PHASE MEDIA; OPHIOLITE; BASALTS AB The mechanical structure of the regions for shallow storage and lateral intrusion of mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) is explored in part by examining the density range appropriate for picritic-to-tholeiitic liquids and liquid + crystal mixtures, and its relationship to the nonlinear density-depth structure of the ridge. Magma density spans the range 2.6 to at least 2.82 Mg m-3 and incorporates the effects of fractional crystallization on the density evolution, the incorporation of olivine phenocrysts and the contributions of water in melt phase density reductions. The melt and melt + crystal density band crosses the in situ rock density curve over the almost-equal-to 1 to almost-equal-to 3 km depth interval beneath the volcanic surface. Within that averaged interval, picritic-to-tholeiitic melt and melt + crystal mixtures are in approximate mechanical equilibrium with their surroundings, and the interval is referred to as the MORB horizon of neutral buoyancy (HNB). The detailed locations of the transition regions between the negative and neutral buoyancy and between the neutral and positive buoyancy regimes are dependent on melt phase composition as well as the presence of suspended mineral phases and their identity. In the East Pacific Rise, the HNB has a 1:1 correspondence with the inferred location of the sheeted dike complex and the seismically detected minimum compressional wave velocity region. In ophiolite complexes the region corresponds to the sheeted dike complex and the uppermost isotropic gabbros. Above the HNB is the region of negative buoyancy (seafloor to an averaged almost-equal-to 1 km depth) within which, negative buoyancy forces may induce the descent of nonvesiculated melt. This region corresponds to the pillow basalt +/- sediment sequence. The region of positive buoyancy extends from almost-equal-to 3 km to the depth of melt generation, and picritic melt ascends in dikes and veins of finite height almost-equal-to 500 m to almost-equal-to 11 km and relatively narrow width almost-equal-to 20 mm to almost-equal-to 100 cm. The finite strengths of high-temperature fluid-weakened rocks mandate finite height melt parcels along the ascent pathway. The magmatic source region is therefore never hydraulically connected with the surface nor with the near-surface reservoir. Thus relatively locally integrated buoyancy has a natural role in the ascent of melt from the source region to the region of neutral buoyancy. During the final stages of magma ascent, hydrothermal fluid circulation enshrouds the HNB in a three-dimensional envelope, as suggested by the depth extent of alteration mineralogy in ophiolite complexes. While hydrothermal cooling may play an important role in arresting the ascent of magma in very low spreading-rate environments, gravitational equilibrium represents the effectively dominant theme in intermediate and high spreading-rate regions such as the East Pacific Rise. Elastic crack penetration of rheological transition zones near the HNB identify modes of crack-tip morphologic changes as a function of Young's modulus ratios (E2/E1) above and beneath the transition and affect the style of intrusion, while melt buoyancy determines the ultimate equilibrium resting place. Elastic crack stability considerations relate the vertical magma pressure gradients for tholeiitic (delP(T)) and picritic (delP(p)) magmas to the vertically varying gradient in the horizontal stress component (delsigma(H)) and suggest further subdivision into two horizons of neutral buoyancy: one for tholeiitic magma (HNB(T)), and one for the picritic liquid + olivine mixtures (HNB(P)). These intervals are very approximate but are estimated as almost-equal-to 600 m to almost-equal-to 1400 m and almost-equal-to 1400 to almost-equal-to 3000 m depth, respectively, beneath the East Pacific Rise axis. As oceanic lithosphere is created at the rise axis and spreads laterally, the horizons of negative buoyancy and neutral buoyancy fide with it and may continue to modulate the subsurface magma dynamics that influence off-axis volcanism. RP RYAN, MP (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, 959 NATL CTR, RESTON, VA 22092 USA. NR 83 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 10 PY 1993 VL 98 IS B12 BP 22321 EP 22338 DI 10.1029/93JB02394 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ML693 UT WOS:A1993ML69300044 ER PT J AU MECH, LD AF MECH, LD TI IDOLIZING WOLVES SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter RP MECH, LD (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,WORLD CONSERVAT UNION,WOLF SPECIALIST GRP,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 10 PY 1993 VL 262 IS 5140 BP 1631 EP 1632 DI 10.1126/science.262.5140.1631-c PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA ML220 UT WOS:A1993ML22000009 ER PT J AU MARTIN, TE AF MARTIN, TE TI EVOLUTIONARY DETERMINANTS OF CLUTCH SIZE IN CAVITY-NESTING BIRDS - NEST PREDATION OR LIMITED BREEDING OPPORTUNITIES SO AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID PASSERINE BIRDS; LIFE HISTORIES; WOODPECKERS; AVOIDANCE; COST AB Large clutch sizes of cavity-nesting birds have been considered a classic example of the consequences of low nest predation for almost half a century. I show that reduced nest predation cannot explain large clutch sizes in cavity-nesting birds. Instead, clutch sizes of cavity-nesting species in North America and Europe are more closely related to the propensity to excavate nest holes. Propensity to excavate is determined by skull and bill morphology of species. Species with weaker excavating morphology depend on existing holes more and have larger clutches and more broods per year than species that excavate new holes. These results cannot be explained by energy costs of excavation. Possible effects of nonreproductive mortality among adults cannot be evaluated. The results support a new hypothesis that the more limited availability of nest sites for species that depend on existing holes favors greater reproductive effort. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT BIOL SCI,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ARKANSAS COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 NR 60 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 2 U2 20 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0003-0147 J9 AM NAT JI Am. Nat. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 142 IS 6 BP 937 EP 946 DI 10.1086/285582 PG 10 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA MQ517 UT WOS:A1993MQ51700003 PM 19425942 ER PT J AU OPLER, PA AF OPLER, PA TI THE UNITED-STATES ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT - CONSERVATION AND RESEARCH FOR AQUATIC INSECTS SO AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB 1. For the first time in 1973, the Endangered Species Act allowed for the listing and conservation of insects that might be in danger of extinction. The Act, as it pertains to insects, is administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service. 2. Only one aquatic insect, Ambrysus amargosus (Naucoridae), is listed under the Act's provisions, but 142 species are candidates for future listing rules. 3. Entomologists who study aquatic insects have an opportunity to cooperate with state and federal biologists in providing data, carrying out contracted surveys, and promoting conservation action to protect aquatic species in need of conservation. RP OPLER, PA (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,OFF INFORMAT TRANSFER,1201 OAK RIDGE DR,SUITE 200,FT COLLINS,CO 80525, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 1052-7613 J9 AQUAT CONSERV JI Aquat. Conserv.-Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 3 IS 4 BP 289 EP 291 DI 10.1002/aqc.3270030403 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA MR088 UT WOS:A1993MR08800002 ER PT J AU CLEVELAND, L LITTLE, EE BUCKLER, DR WIEDMEYER, RH AF CLEVELAND, L LITTLE, EE BUCKLER, DR WIEDMEYER, RH TI TOXICITY AND BIOACCUMULATION OF WATERBORNE AND DIETARY SELENIUM IN JUVENILE BLUEGILL (LEPOMIS-MACROCHIRUS) SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BLUEGILL; SELENIUM; TOXICITY; MORTALITY; GROWTH; BEHAVIOR ID DIGESTION METHODS; RAINBOW-TROUT; TOXICOLOGY; SELENATE AB Juvenile bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) were exposed to waterborne selenium as a 6:1 mixture of selenate to selenite (as Se) for 60 d and to dietary seleno-L-methionine for 90 d. Measured concentrations of total selenium in the waterborne exposure ranged from 0.16 to 2.8 mg/l, and concentrations of seleno-L-methionine in the test diet ranged from 2.3 to 25.0 mg/kg wet weight. Mortality, body weight, condition factor, swimming and feeding behavior, aggression, and selenium tissue residues were monitored during the tests. Increased mortality at measured concentrations of 0.64 mg Se/l and greater was the primary adverse effect of waterborne selenium on the juvenile bluegill. Bluegill exposed to 2.8 mg/l of waterborne Se for 30 d exhibited a significant reduction in condition factor (K), whereas dietary exposure of bluegill to 25 mg Se/kg for 30 d and 13 mg Se/kg or greater for 90 d elicited significant reductions in K. Mortality and swimming activity of bluegill were not affected in the dietary exposure. Net accumulation of Se from both water and diet was directly related to exposure concentration. Bioconcentration factors ranged from 5 to 7 for bluegill exposed to waterborne Se and from 0.5 to 1.0 for fish exposed to dietary Se. Results of these laboratory tests indicate that survival of bluegill may be impaired in natural waters with elevated Se concentrations. RP CLEVELAND, L (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES CTR,4200 NEW HAVEN RD,COLUMBIA,MO 65201, USA. NR 40 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 27 IS 3-4 BP 265 EP 279 DI 10.1016/0166-445X(93)90058-9 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA MT910 UT WOS:A1993MT91000004 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, BT AF JOHNSON, BT TI GENOTOXICITY TESTING WITH FISH HEPATIC S9 FOR EVALUATION OF COMPLEX-MIXTURES IN THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT - THE USE OF CHANNEL CATFISH AS A MODEL SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MUTAGENICITY ASSAY; GENOTOXIN; EXOGENOUS METABOLIC ACTIVATION; FISH HEPATIC S9; POIKILOTHERMIC; AMES TEST ID HYDROCARBON BENZOPYRENE HYDROXYLASE; RAINBOW-TROUT; INDUCTION; LIVER; MUTAGENS; CARCINOGENS; XENOBIOTICS; ACTIVATION; OXYGENASE; ENZYMES AB A Salmonella/fish S9 mutagenicity assay, a modification of the traditional rodent Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity test of Ames, was evaluated and a working test protocol was established with channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) as a model system for monitoring genotoxins in complex mixtures extracted with organic solvents from freshwater sediments. Post-mitochondrial supernatant fractions (S9) from catfish mediated the biotransformation of the arylamines 2-aminoanthracene (2-AA) and 2-aminofluorene (2-AF) as well as polyaromatic hydrocarbon benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) models to Salmonella (strain TA98) mutagens, confirming other freshwater fish studies with bream, carp; pike, and rainbow trout. The enzymatic activity of catfish S9 was cytochrome P-448-450 like: inducible, heat liable, cofactor dependent, and inhibitor sensitive. Bacterial mutagenesis in the Salmonella/catfish S9 test was dose dependent and sensitive to both S9 concentrations and preincubation activation temperature. A liquid-preincubation modification of the standard plate-incorporation method significantly improved the catfish poikilothermic activation system. The hepatic S9 activity of catfish and the traditional Arochlor-1254-induced rat were qualitatively and quantitatively similar in the detection of model arylamines and benzo(a)pyrene genotoxins. The relative sensitivity of the tests, that is the lowest detectable concentration of 2-AA, 2-AF, and BaP, was <1.0 mu g/plate with both activation systems. The sensitivity of the Salmonella/fish S9 assay as a screening tool to detect environmental genotoxins was clearly influenced by three test factors: preinduction of the fish, preincubation of the sample, and optimal preincubation temperature of the fish S9. The successful use of a fish activation system to mediate the biotransformation of progenotoxins establishes this Salmonella/fish S9 mutagenicity test as an ecologically relevant assay to monitor the potential aquatic hazards of environmental genotoxins influencing the aquatic resource of concern - the freshwater fisheries. RP JOHNSON, BT (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES CTR,4200 NEW HAVEN RD,COLUMBIA,MO 65201, USA. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 27 IS 3-4 BP 293 EP 314 PG 22 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA MT910 UT WOS:A1993MT91000006 ER PT J AU SPAULDING, SA WARD, JV BARON, J AF SPAULDING, SA WARD, JV BARON, J TI WINTER PHYTOPLANKTON DYNAMICS IN A SUB-ALPINE LAKE, COLORADO, USA SO ARCHIV FUR HYDROBIOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID ASTERIONELLA-FORMOSA; DIATOM ASTERIONELLA; MOUNTAIN LAKES; SUCCESSION; INFECTION; COMMUNITY; LIGHT AB The temporal dynamics of phytoplankton were examined in The Loch, a subalpine lake in Rocky Mountain National Park, over the winter seasons of 1987-88 and 1988 - 89. The Loch was ice-covered from early November until early to mid May. The pattern of phytoplankton biovolume during ice-cover was consistent between the two years with maxima occurring in November/December and February/March. This pattern resulted principally from the contribution of Asterionella formosa HASS. Other dominant phytoplankton species in terms of biomass (Dinobryon sertularia EHRENB., Cryptomonas ovata EHRENB., and Peridinium cinctum (MULL.) EHRENB.) collectively contributed from 10 to 90% of the total cells. Algal composition changed throughout the winter and individual species varied in abundance with depth. The same dominant (and most of the rare) taxa were present both years. They varied in time of occurrence and abundance, but did not occur at the same time in both years. Phytoplankton species composition continually fluctuated throughout the winter. Because of the stability afforded by ice-cover, algal species succession was not driven by thermal regime or by wind induced changes in the mixed depth. Nor did grazing by the winter zooplankton assemblage, composed nearly exclusively of cyclopoid copepods and rotifers, adequately explain the phytoplankton dynamics. Freeze concentration of water (concentration as ions are excluded in the formation of ice) in early winter may be responsible for the early phytoplankton bloom. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT AEROTHERM,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. COLORADO STATE UNIV,NATL PK SERV,DIV WATER RESOURCES,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. COLORADO STATE UNIV,NAT RESOURCE ECOL LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP SPAULDING, SA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,3215 MARINE ST,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Baron, Jill/C-5270-2016 OI Baron, Jill/0000-0002-5902-6251 NR 58 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 13 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGS PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0003-9136 J9 ARCH HYDROBIOL JI Arch. Hydrobiol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 129 IS 2 BP 179 EP 198 PG 20 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA MQ282 UT WOS:A1993MQ28200003 ER PT J AU BROWNIE, C HINES, JE NICHOLS, JD POLLOCK, KH HESTBECK, JB AF BROWNIE, C HINES, JE NICHOLS, JD POLLOCK, KH HESTBECK, JB TI CAPTURE-RECAPTURE STUDIES FOR MULTIPLE STRATA INCLUDING NON-MARKOVIAN TRANSITIONS SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE ATLANTIC FLYWAY; CANADA GEESE; CONDITIONAL LIKELIHOOD; MULTISTATE MODELS; REDUCED-PARAMETER MODELS; SITE FIDELITY ID BAND-RECOVERY; MODELS; LIKELIHOOD; CONSTANT; MOVEMENT; SURVIVAL AB We consider capture-recapture studies where release and recapture data are available from each of a number of strata on every capture occasion. Strata may, for example, be geographic locations or physiological states. Movement of animals among strata occurs with unknown probabilities, and estimation of these unknown transition probabilities is the objective. We describe a computer routine for carrying out the analysis under a model that assumes Markovian transitions and under reduced-parameter versions of this model. We also introduce models that relax the Markovian assumption and allow ''memory'' to operate (i.e., allow dependence of the transition probabilities on the previous state). For these models, we suggest an analysis based on a conditional likelihood approach. Methods are illustrated with data from a large study on Canada geese (Branta canadensis) banded in three geographic regions. The assumption of Markovian transitions is rejected convincingly for these data, emphasizing the importance of the more general models that allow memory. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,MASSACHUSETTS COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,AMHERST,MA 01003. RP BROWNIE, C (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT STAT,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 17 TC 473 Z9 481 U1 2 U2 50 PU INTERNATIONAL BIOMETRIC SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 808 17TH ST NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3910 SN 0006-341X J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD DEC PY 1993 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1173 EP 1187 DI 10.2307/2532259 PG 15 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA MR636 UT WOS:A1993MR63600020 ER PT J AU BURNHAM, KP REXSTAD, EA AF BURNHAM, KP REXSTAD, EA TI MODELING HETEROGENEITY IN SURVIVAL RATES OF BANDED WATERFOWL SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE BAND-RECOVERY MODELS; HETEROGENEITY; SURVIVAL RATE ESTIMATION; ULTRASTRUCTURE; WATER-FOWL ID POPULATION; RECOVERY; MORTALITY; DYNAMICS; SIZE AB A model is presented that incorporates time-specific recovery rates and heterogeneous survival rates. This model constitutes an extension of the family of models presented by Brownie et al. (1985, Statistical Inference from Band-Recovery Data-A Handbook, 2nd edition, Washington, D.C.: Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior). Numerical studies of the model under known amounts of heterogeneity investigate issues of identifiability, bias, and precision. Additional work under time-specific variation in survival rates investigates the properties of the estimation procedure. We provide an example and the theoretical foundation for extensions to other models in the Brownie et al. (1985) framework. C1 UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS,INST ARTIC BIOL,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775. UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS,DEPT BIOL & WILDLIFE,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775. COLORADO STATE UNIV,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,COLORADO COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. OI Rexstad, Eric/0000-0002-4323-8161 NR 22 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 11 PU INTERNATIONAL BIOMETRIC SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 808 17TH ST NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3910 SN 0006-341X J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD DEC PY 1993 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1194 EP 1208 DI 10.2307/2532261 PG 15 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA MR636 UT WOS:A1993MR63600022 ER PT J AU SPUDICH, P IIDA, M AF SPUDICH, P IIDA, M TI THE SEISMIC CODA, SITE EFFECTS, AND SCATTERING IN ALLUVIAL BASINS STUDIED USING AFTERSHOCKS OF THE 1986 NORTH PALM-SPRINGS, CALIFORNIA, EARTHQUAKE AS SOURCE ARRAYS SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID EMPIRICAL GREEN-FUNCTIONS; SEDIMENT-FILLED VALLEYS; 1971 SAN-FERNANDO; SH-WAVES; P-CODA; ISOTROPIC SCATTERERS; NORESS ARRAY; INVERSION; PROPAGATION; LAYERS AB We use single-station recordings of widely distributed earthquake sources to identify heterogeneities in the Earth's crust that scatter energy into the early part of the observed S-wave codas. We assume that ray theory accurately describes the propagation of body waves from the earthquake sources to the scatterers, but we assume no propagation mechanism between the scatterers and the seismic station. A grid of hypothetical scatterers is assumed to cover the Earth's surface, and the strength of each scatterer is determined by an iterative inversion method. Our data are recordings of aftershocks of the 1986 North Palm Springs earthquake recorded at a seismic station in the Coachella Valley, SMP, and at a station in the Morongo Valley, SMC. The technique is applied separately to each horizontal component of motion at each station. We identify a particular spot at the northwest edge of the Quaternary alluvium in the Coachella Valley that scatters waves into the S coda observed at SMP 8 km distant in the valley. The geologic structure that causes the strong scattering seems to be the basin-edge structure rather than the mountainous terrain 3 km farther west. The early coda at SMC is dominated by scattering within a few kilometers of SMC, either in the basin itself or in the Morongo Valley fault zone. This study shows that laterally propagating waves are sometimes observable in the early coda, casting doubt on the use of 1-D techniques for estimating site responses. The northwest edge of the Coachella Valley seems to be an especially strong scatterer of incident waves. If other basins have similar loci of strong scattering, perhaps these places can be identified using microearthquake seismograms and used to predict strong ground motions in the basins. C1 UNIV TOKYO,EARTHQUAKE RES INST,TOKYO 113,JAPAN. RP SPUDICH, P (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 41 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 4 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 83 IS 6 BP 1721 EP 1743 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MM888 UT WOS:A1993MM88800005 ER PT J AU SIPKIN, SA AF SIPKIN, SA TI DISPLAY AND ASSESSMENT OF EARTHQUAKE FOCAL MECHANISMS BY VECTOR REPRESENTATION SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MOMENT; PLATE AB The isomorphism between symmetric, three-dimensional, second-order tensors and six-dimensional vectors is exploited to display suites of seismic moment tensors and to asses their similarities and differences, both graphically and quantitatively. Using the southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge as an example, I show that this method successfully differentiates between different mechanism types and orientations. in addition, the dispersion within a group of mechanisms is successfully quantified. RP SIPKIN, SA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DFC,MS 967,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 83 IS 6 BP 1871 EP 1880 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MM888 UT WOS:A1993MM88800013 ER PT J AU MILES, AK OHLENDORF, HM AF MILES, AK OHLENDORF, HM TI ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS IN CANVASBACKS WINTERING ON SAN-FRANCISCO BAY, CALIFORNIA SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LA English DT Article AB The concentrations of 11 trace elements, 21 organochlorines, 13 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and 13 aliphatic hydrocarbons were determined in canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria) wintering on San Francisco Bay, California during 1988. With the exception of Se, concentrations of potentially toxic elements were low. Similarly, concentrations of most organic compounds were near or below detection limits. Aliphatic hydrocarbons, PCBs, and DDE were common, but at levels lower than those known to be harmful to water fowl. Innocuous trace elements (Cu, Fe, and Zn), which are often associated with anthropogenic contamination, occurred at high levels. Concentrations of toxic elements were several times lower and those of benign elements were similar or greater than concentrations reported for surf scoters (Melanitta perspicillata) or greater scaup (Aythya marila) from San Francisco Bay. RP MILES, AK (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT WILDLIFE & FISHERIES BIOL,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU CALIF FISH AND GAME EDITOR PI SACRAMENTO PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 SN 0008-1078 J9 CALIF FISH GAME JI Calif. Fish Game PD WIN PY 1993 VL 79 IS 1 BP 28 EP 38 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA LZ020 UT WOS:A1993LZ02000003 ER PT J AU SAVOY, LE HARRIS, AG AF SAVOY, LE HARRIS, AG TI CONODONT BIOFACIES AND TAPHONOMY ALONG A CARBONATE RAMP TO BLACK SHALE BASIN (LATEST DEVONIAN AND EARLIEST CARBONIFEROUS), SOUTHERNMOST CANADIAN CORDILLERA AND ADJACENT MONTANA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MOUNTAINS AB Uppermost Devonian - lowermost Carboniferous strata in the southernmost Canadian Cordillera and adjacent Montana record the onset and termination of low-oxygen conditions in carbonate-dominated epicontinental and shelf seas. Several distinct conodont biofacies representative of shallow-ramp to deep-basin settings are recognized on the basis of conodont distribution and preservation patterns. During early and middle Famennian time, the region was the site of a westward-deepening carbonate ramp (Palliser Formation) that was bordered to the west by a deep, shale basin (Lussier syncline strata). Palliser carbonates contain low-diversity conodont faunas of indigenous to transported Palmatolepis-, Polygnathus-, and Apatognathus-dominated assemblages. Basal deposits yield a pelagic palmatolepid biofacies. Middle to late Famennian time was marked by termination of carbonate-ramp sedimentation and flooding of the margin with oxygen-depleted water. Deposition of organic-rich facies began in the expansa Zone in shelf to basin environments (Exshaw Formation and correlative units). These deposits contain indigenous pelagic Palmatolepis- and (or) Bispathodus-dominated assemblages; reworked or transported fragments are primarily polygnathids and icriodontids. Sedimentation of anaerobic to aerobic, deep-water, lower Banff facies occurred intermittently until middle Tournaisian and, locally, late Tournaisian time prior to westward progradation of younger carbonate deposits. Middle Tournaisian biofacies include transported and indigenous assemblages of siphonodellids (deep - middle ramp). Late Tournaisian biofacies parallel lithofacies changes associated with shallowing of the Banff sequence and are characterized by scaliognathid - doliognathid (basin to deep ramp), polygnathid and polygnathid - bactrognathid (deep to middle ramp), and bactrognathid - hindeodid (middle to shallow ramp) indigenous and displaced biofacies. The spatial relations of these Famennian and Tournaisian biofacies are generally consistent with models developed for correlative strata elsewhere. C1 US GEOL SURVEY, RESTON, VA 22092 USA. RP SAVOY, LE (reprint author), MT HOLYOKE COLL, DEPT GEOG & GEOL, S HADLEY, MA 01075 USA. NR 61 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4077 EI 1480-3313 J9 CAN J EARTH SCI JI Can. J. Earth Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 30 IS 12 BP 2404 EP 2422 DI 10.1139/e93-208 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA NF161 UT WOS:A1993NF16100012 ER PT J AU BOERBOOM, TJ ZARTMAN, RE AF BOERBOOM, TJ ZARTMAN, RE TI GEOLOGY, GEOCHEMISTRY, AND GEOCHRONOLOGY OF THE CENTRAL GIANTS RANGE BATHOLITH, NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID AIR-ABRASION TECHNIQUE; U-PB AGES; SUPERIOR PROVINCE; ROCKS; DISCRIMINATION; TRANSPRESSION; GRANITOIDS; BELT AB The Giants Range batholith is a large composite granitoid body that intrudes deformed supracrustal rocks in the western part of the Wawa Subprovince of the Archean Superior Province. Peak fabric development in the supracrustal rocks coincides with D2 deformation, the product of regional transpression across the southern Superior Province. U - Pb zircon ages on two phases of the Giants Range batholith bracket D2 deformation to an interval between 2685 and 2669 Ma. Two well-exposed components of the central part of the Giants Range batholith are the pre- to syn-D2 Britt granodiorite, which contains a linear D2 metamorphic fabric, and the syn- to post-D2 Shannon Lake granite, which cuts deformation fabrics in the Britt granodiorite and the supracrustal rocks. Geochemical discrimination plots imply emplacement of the Britt granodiorite in an arc environment and the Shannon Lake granite in a collision setting. Zircons yield U - Pb ages of 2681 +/- 4 and 2685 +/- 4 Ma for the Britt granodiorite and 2674 +/- 5 and 2674 +/- 27 Ma for the Shannon Lake granite. Timing of D2 deformation near the Giants Range batholith corresponds well with similar rocks exposed along strike 170 km to the east near Shebandowan Lake, Ontario, where the end of D2 deformation has been bracketed between 2692 and 2681 Ma. The slightly younger ages for D2 deformation in Minnesota reflect later volcanic-arc development and associated plutonism than at Shebandowan Lake, possibly due to oblique convergence along a westward-migrating tectonic front. C1 US GEOL SURVEY, LAKEWOOD, CO 80225 USA. RP BOERBOOM, TJ (reprint author), MINNESOTA GEOL SURVEY, ST PAUL, MN 55114 USA. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4077 EI 1480-3313 J9 CAN J EARTH SCI JI Can. J. Earth Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 30 IS 12 BP 2510 EP 2522 DI 10.1139/e93-217 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA NF161 UT WOS:A1993NF16100021 ER PT J AU ROBERTS, AC SZYMANSKI, JT ERD, RC CRIDDLE, AJ BONARDI, M AF ROBERTS, AC SZYMANSKI, JT ERD, RC CRIDDLE, AJ BONARDI, M TI DEANESMITHITE, HG21+HG32+CR6+O5S2, A NEW MINERAL SPECIES FROM THE CLEAR CREEK CLAIM, SAN BENITO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA SO CANADIAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE DEANESMITHITE; NEW MINERAL SPECIES; MERCUROUS MERCURIC CHROMATE SULFIDE; X-RAY DATA; ELECTRON-MICROPROBE DATA; REFLECTANCE DATA; CRYSTAL STRUCTURE; CLEAR CREEK MINE; SAN-BENITO COUNTY; CALIFORNIA ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SZYMANSKIITE AB Deanesraithite, idealized as Hg21+Hg32+Cr6+O5S2, is triclinic, space group P1BAR, with unit-cell parameters refined from powder data: a 8.116 (6), b 9.501 (8), c 6.891 (9) angstrom, alpha 100.43 (8)-degrees, beta 110.24 (8)-degrees, gamma 82.80 (8)-degrees, V 489 (2) angstrom3, a:b:c = 0.8542:1: 0.7253, Z = 2. The strongest eight lines in the X-ray powder pattern [d in angstrom(I)(hkl)] are: 5.72(90)(110BAR), 3.373(60)(112BAR,102BAR,121BAR), 3.008(100)(122BAR,212BAR,131BAR,112BAR,202BAR,031BAR), 2.864(50b)(012,201,220BAR,022BAR), 2.774(50)(221BAR), 2.536(50)(132BAR), 2.486(50)(310), and 2.425(60)(221,032BAR,302BAR). The mineral is a rare constituent in a small prospect pit near the long-abandoned Clear Creek mercury mine, New Idria district, San Benito County, California. It is most closely associated with cinnabar and edoylerite in a host rock principally composed of quartz and magnesite. Deanesmithite typically occurs as fan-shaped aggregates of elongate crystals and, less commonly, as isolated clusters of bladed to acicular radiating crystals. Tabular crystals also are present but rare. The largest known crystal is 0.5 mm in length, but the average crystal length is approximately 0.1 mm. Individual crystals are subhedral to euhedral, with both a bladed and a tabular habit. Crystals are flattened on {100}; bladed crystals are elongate [001]; tabular crystals are elongate [010]; striations on {100} are parallel to [001]; cleavage {110BAR} well-developed, {001} fair. Forms observed are: {100}, {320}, (001), {510BAR}, {011BAR}, {010}, {210}, (310), {410}, (510), {610}, {11O0BAR}, {320BAR}, {210BAR}, (023), {032BAR}, and {101BAR}. The mineral is orange-red with a less intense orange-red streak. Physical properties include: adamantine luster; transparent; nonfluorescent; brittle to friable; irregular to subconchoidal fracture; hardness less than 5; calculated density 8.06 (for empirical formula), 8.14 g/cm3 (for idealized formula). In polished section, deanesmithite is weakly bireflectant and weakly pleochroic. In reflected plane-polarized light, it is dark bluish grey to light grey with bright yellow-orange to orange-red internal reflections. Measured reflectance values are tabulated, in air and in oil, for two crystals. Electron-micro-probe analyses yielded Hg2O 34.9, HgO 54.4, CrO3 8.6, S 5.3, sum 103.2, less O=S 2.6, total 100.6 wt.%, corresponding to Hg1.981+Hg2.972+Cr1.026+O5.05S1.95 based on O+S=7. The original value for HgO, 90.7 wt.%, was partitioned in a ratio of 2 Hg2O : 3 HgO after the crystal structure was determined. The crystal structure was solved by direct methods and refined to R = 2.92% from 1748 observed X-ray reflections [I > 2.5 sigma(I)] out of a total of 2808 unique reflections obtained from measuring and averaging the whole sphere of data to a 2theta of 60-degrees collected with MoKalpha radiation. Important features of the crystal structure are summarized. The name is for Professor Deane K. Smith, Pennsylvania State University, for his many contributions to structural and experimental mineralogy, and for his long time service to the International Centre for Diffraction Data. C1 CANADA CTR MINERAL & ENERGY TECHNOL,ENERGY MINES & RESOURCES CANADA,OTTAWA K1A 0G1,ON,CANADA. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NAT HIST MUSEUM,DEPT MINERAL,LONDON SW7 5BD,ENGLAND. RP ROBERTS, AC (reprint author), GEOL SURVEY CANADA,601 BOOTH ST,OTTAWA K1A 0E8,ONTARIO,CANADA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALOGICAL ASSOC CANADA PI NEPEAN PA CITYVIEW 78087, NEPEAN ON K2G 5W2, CANADA SN 0008-4476 J9 CAN MINERAL JI Can. Mineral. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 31 BP 787 EP 793 PN 4 PG 7 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA MW642 UT WOS:A1993MW64200004 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, DH SCHWARTZ, MD AF JOHNSON, DH SCHWARTZ, MD TI THE CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM AND GRASSLAND BIRDS SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Note RP JOHNSON, DH (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NO PRAIRIE WILDLIFE RES CTR,JAMESTOWN,ND 58401, USA. NR 0 TC 97 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 7 IS 4 BP 934 EP 937 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1993.740934.x PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MP158 UT WOS:A1993MP15800026 ER PT J AU RODDA, GH AF RODDA, GH TI HOW TO LIE WITH BIODIVERSITY SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Note RP RODDA, GH (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL ECOL RES CTR,4512 MCMURRAY AVE,FT COLLINS,CO 80525, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 7 IS 4 BP 959 EP 960 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1993.740959.x PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MP158 UT WOS:A1993MP15800034 ER PT J AU ZIERENBERG, RA KOSKI, RA MORTON, JL BOUSE, RM SHANKS, WC AF ZIERENBERG, RA KOSKI, RA MORTON, JL BOUSE, RM SHANKS, WC TI GENESIS OF MASSIVE SULFIDE DEPOSITS ON A SEDIMENT-COVERED SPREADING CENTER, ESCANABA TROUGH, SOUTHERN GORDA RIDGE SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Article ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; DE-FUCA RIDGE; SUBMARINE HYDROTHERMAL SOLUTIONS; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; GUAYMAS BASIN; POLYMETALLIC SULFIDE; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; FLOOR METAMORPHISM; OCEANIC BASALTS AB The Escanaba trough is a sediment-filled axial valley in the slow-spreading (2.3 cm/yr) southern part of Gorda Ridge. The hemipelagic and turbiditic sediment fill is 300 to > 1,200 m thick and was rapidly deposited during Pleistocene low stands of sea level. Local areas of excess magmatism, relative to the rate of extension, form igneous centers a few kilometers in diameter that are spaced at intervals of approximately 15 km along the spreading axis. Sediment cover is thinner over these igneous centers and the sedimentary sequence is disrupted by igneous intrusions and faulting. The coexistence of tectonic extension with rapid sediment deposition favors the formation of sheeted sills rather than basalt flows that form the upper-most oceanic crust at sediment-free spreading centers. Circular sediment hills as much as 1,200 m in diameter and 120 m high are interpreted as uplifted fault blocks above laccolithic intrusions emplaced above the igneous centers. Massive sulfide deposits that formed on the peripheries of these hills have surface exposures of greater than 100 m in at least one direction, but the full dimensions of sulfide mineralization are poorly known. The sulfide deposits are composed predominantly of pyrrhotite with less abundant isocubanite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, arsenopyrite, and marcasite. Barite-rich and polymetallic massive sulfide occur locally and have higher contents of Zn, Pb, Ag, As, Sb, and Sn than does pyrrhotite-rich massive sulfide. Polymetallic massive sulfide has low Au contents, but barite-rich and pyrrhotite-rich massive sulfide samples are enriched in gold relative to most sediment-hosted massive sulfide deposits, averaging more than 1 g/t Au. Massive sulfide from the Escanaba trough is enriched in group IV, V, and VI elements relative to deposits formed on sediment-free spreading centers due to interaction of hydrothermal fluid with sediment. Further evidence of hydrothermal fluid-sediment interaction is provided by the alkali-rich nature of hydrothermal fluid sampled from 220-degrees-C vents, the presence of sulfide samples containing thermogenic hydrocarbon derived from terrigenous organic matter in the sediment, and radiogenic Pb isotope ratios of massive sulfide. Sulfide sulfur is derived from basaltic rocks and from seawater sulfate that is reduced by high-temperature reaction with iron silicates or sedimentary organic matter. Sediment is extensively altered to clinochlore by Mg metasomatism in localized mixing zones where seawater is drawn into the upper part of hydrothermal discharge zones. Shallow subsurface deposition of sulfide is interpreted to be an important process in the formation of the deposits, A geologic model of the hydrothermal circulation proposes that the heat to drive the hydrothermal circulation system is provided both by a regionally extensive sheeted sill complex and by local laccolithic intrusions. Reaction of heated seawater with basaltic rocks controls the initial composition of the hydrothermal fluid, but interaction of the hydrothermal fluid with sediment in the upflow zone alters the fluid chemistry and results in enrichment of the sulfide deposits in group IV, V, and VI metals. The geologic setting in an oceanic rift environment, associated lithologies such as mixed flyschlike sediment and tholeiitic basalt, and the composition (Fe sulfide-dominant, Cu-Zn deposits with Cu, Zn >> Pb) of the Escanaba naba trough deposits generally are analogous to ancient massive sulfide deposits that are classified as Besshi type. The difference in tectonic settings among the modern sediment-hosted deposits which formed in open-ocean spreading centers and rifted continental margins and the contrast in morphology and composition compared with many ancient sediment-hosted deposits imply that Besshi-type deposits form within a multitude of ocean rift environments. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. RP ZIERENBERG, RA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. RI Zierenberg, Robert/F-9329-2012 OI Zierenberg, Robert/0000-0001-9384-7355 NR 128 TC 79 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 12 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI EL PASO PA UNIV TEXAS AT EL PASO ROOM 202 QUINN HALL, EL PASO, TX 79968 SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 88 IS 8 BP 2069 EP 2098 PG 30 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MZ451 UT WOS:A1993MZ45100006 ER PT J AU GALLAGHER, K HALE, RC GREAVES, J BUSH, EO STILWELL, DA AF GALLAGHER, K HALE, RC GREAVES, J BUSH, EO STILWELL, DA TI ACCUMULATION OF POLYCHLORINATED TERPHENYLS IN AQUATIC BIOTA OF AN ESTUARINE CREEK SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article ID SALT-MARSH; CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; FOOD-CHAIN; ENVIRONMENT; ECOSYSTEM; FISH C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,CORTLAND,NY 13045. RP GALLAGHER, K (reprint author), COLL WILLIAM & MARY,VIRGINIA INST MARINE SCI,SCH MARINE SCI,DEPT CHEM & TOXICOL,GLOUCESTER POINT,VA 23062, USA. NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 26 IS 3 BP 302 EP 312 DI 10.1006/eesa.1993.1059 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA ML370 UT WOS:A1993ML37000006 PM 7507821 ER PT J AU COLEMAN, L BRAGG, LJ FINKELMAN, RB AF COLEMAN, L BRAGG, LJ FINKELMAN, RB TI DISTRIBUTION AND MODE OF OCCURRENCE OF SELENIUM IN UNITED-STATES COALS SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Selenium excess and deficiency have been established as the cause of various health problems in man and animals. Combustion of fossil fuels, especially coal, may be a major source of the anthropogenic introduction of selenium in the environment. Coal is enriched in selenium relative to selenium's concentration in most other rocks and relative to selenium in the Earth's crust. Data from almost 9,000 coal samples have been used to determine the concentration and distribution of selenium in US coals. The geometric mean concentration of selenium in US coal is 1.7 ppm. The highest mean selenium value (geometric mean 4.7 ppm) is in the Texas Region. Atlantic Coast (Virginia and North Carolina) and Alaska coals have the lowest geometric means (0.2 and 0.42 ppm, respectively). All western coal regions have mean selenium concentrations of less than 2.0 ppm. In contrast, all coal basins east of the Rocky Mountains (except for several small basins in Rhode Island, Virginia, and North Carolina) have mean selenium values of 1.9 or greater. Generally, variations in selenium concentration do not correlate with variations in ash yield, pyritic sulphur, or organic sulphur concentrations. This may be the result of multiple sources of selenium; however, in some non-marine basins with restricted sources of selenium, selenium has positive correlations with other coal quality parameters. Selenium occurs in several forms in coal but appears to be chiefly associated with the organic fraction, probably substituting for organic sulphur. Other important forms of selenium in coal are selenium-bearing pyrite, selenium-bearing galena, and lead selenide (clausthalite). Water-soluble and ion-exchangeable selenium also have been reported. RP COLEMAN, L (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS 956,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 0 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 17 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0269-4042 J9 ENVIRON GEOCHEM HLTH JI Environ. Geochem. Health PD DEC PY 1993 VL 15 IS 4 BP 215 EP 227 DI 10.1007/BF00146745 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources GA NB338 UT WOS:A1993NB33800004 PM 24198141 ER PT J AU LEMLY, AD FINGER, SE NELSON, MK AF LEMLY, AD FINGER, SE NELSON, MK TI SOURCES AND IMPACTS OF IRRIGATION DRAINWATER CONTAMINANTS IN ARID WETLANDS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE WETLANDS; CONTAMINANTS; ARID CLIMATE; AGRICULTURAL IRRIGATION DRAINAGE ID SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; MALLARD DUCKLINGS; KESTERSON-RESERVOIR; CHINOOK SALMON; AQUATIC BIRDS; ORGANIC SELENIUM; DIETARY-PROTEIN; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; STRIPED BASS; FRESH-WATER AB Arid wetlands are being contaminated by subsurface agricultural irrigation drainage throughout the western United States. Historic freshwater inflows have been diverted for agricultural and municipal use, and remaining freshwater supplies are not sufficient to maintain the integrity of these important natural areas once they are degraded by irrigation drainwater. Waterfowl populations are threatened in the Pacific and Central Flyways; migratory birds have been poisoned by drainwater contaminants on at least six national wildlife refuges. Subsurface irrigation drainage is the most widespread and biologically important source of contaminants to wetlands in arid regions of the country. The case history of poisoning at Kesterson National Wildlife Refuge in California and studies at other locations by the U.S. Department of the Interior provide detailed information on the toxicity of drainwater contaminants to fish and wildlife. Biogeochemical conditions favorable for the production of toxic drainage are found throughout the western states. Two actions seem necessary to prevent further drainage-related degradation of arid wetlands. First is a reduction in the amount of contaminants reaching these wetlands, possibly involving regulatory intervention through the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit process. Second, a better balance must be achieved in the way fresh water is allocated between agriculture and wildlife. Federally subsidized water has supported agriculture at the expense of wetlands for nearly 100 years in the western United States. This trend must be reversed if arid wetlands and their fish and wildlife populations are to survive. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES CTR,COLUMBIA,MO 65201. RP LEMLY, AD (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE SCI,US FOREST SERV,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 96 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 12 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 12 IS 12 BP 2265 EP 2279 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA MG941 UT WOS:A1993MG94100009 ER PT J AU FYNNAIKINS, K HUNG, SSO HUGHES, SG AF FYNNAIKINS, K HUNG, SSO HUGHES, SG TI EFFECTS OF FEEDING A HIGH-LEVEL OF D-GLUCOSE ON LIVER-FUNCTION IN JUVENILE WHITE STURGEON (ACIPENSER-TRANSMONTANUS) SO FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE STURGEON; D-GLUCOSE; GLYCOGEN; LIVER FUNCTION; SULFOBROMOPHTHALEIN; AMINOTRANSFERASE; HEMATOLOGY ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; RAINBOW-TROUT; DIETARY CARBOHYDRATE; METABOLISM; GROWTH; NUTRITION; TOXICITY AB Juvenile white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) were fed three isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets containing either 35% D-glucose (HC), a mixture of 20% dextrin and 10% cellulose (MC), or 23% cellulose (LC), to investigate the effects of dietary carbohydrate on liver function. After 8-week feeding, body weight gain of fish fed the HC diet was consistently higher than that of fish fed the MC and LC diets, but was not significantly different from the MC-fed fish. Fish fed the HC diet had significantly (p < 0.05) higher feed efficiencies and liver glycogen concentrations than fish fed the MC and LC diets. Sturgeon were injected intravenously with 10 mg kg-1 body weight of sulfobromophthalein (BSP) and post-injection blood taken from the caudal vein at 15, 30, 60, and 120 min. No significant differences in plasma BSP concentrations were found among the treatments at these times. Plasma hemoglobin and activities of aspartate and alanine aminotransferase were not affected by the diets. This study suggests that the HC diet does not adversely affect liver function or weight gain. Inclusion of high dietary levels of digestible and inexpensive carbohydrates in commercial sturgeon feeds seems promising, but long-term feeding trials should be conducted to confirm this assertion. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,MONELL CHEM SENSES CTR,TUNIS LAB FISH NUTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT ANIM SCI,DAVIS,CA 95616. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU KUGLER PUBLICATIONS BV PI LELYSTAD PA PLATINASTRAAT 33, 8211 AR LELYSTAD, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-1742 J9 FISH PHYSIOL BIOCHEM JI Fish Physiol. Biochem. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 12 IS 4 BP 317 EP 325 DI 10.1007/BF00004416 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology GA MP851 UT WOS:A1993MP85100006 PM 24202873 ER PT J AU SMITH, ML AF SMITH, ML TI FISHERIES AND MEDIA SO FISHERIES LA English DT Letter RP SMITH, ML (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,OFF INT AFFAIRS,WASHINGTON,DC 20240, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD DEC PY 1993 VL 18 IS 12 BP 49 EP 49 PG 1 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA MK257 UT WOS:A1993MK25700012 ER PT J AU MARGRAF, FJ RILEY, LM AF MARGRAF, FJ RILEY, LM TI EVALUATION OF SCALE SHAPE FOR IDENTIFYING SPAWNING STOCKS OF COASTAL ATLANTIC STRIPED BASS (MORONE-SAXATILIS) SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB We review a numerical method of associating fish of unknown stock affiliation with their respective spawning stocks on the basis of differences in quantified scale shape. Magnified images of fish scales are digitized and the shapes of the scales are transformed into a mathematical relationship (Fourier series), from which the original shape can be regenerated with little loss of resolution. A multiple, stepwise discriminant analysis is used to characterize each putative stock within a fishery on the basis of the shape of the scales from fish in the population. Also, classification criteria are developed by which individual fish can be assigned to their respective stocks on the basis of scale shape. The shape of scales of Atlantic striped bass, Morone saxatilis, was characterized to evaluate the use of the method for this fishery. Differences in scale shape between Hudson River and Chesapeake Bay fish were sufficient to allow classification of individuals to their area of origin with 80% accuracy. To demonstrate the use of the procedure, we estimated, from 89 striped bass scales taken in the Rhode Island November 1982 fishery, that 45% were from the Hudson River and 55% from Chesapeake Bay. Similarly, from 100 scales taken from fish in the eastern Long Island April-December 1982 fishery, 53% were of Hudson River origin and 47% were from Chesapeake Bay. RP MARGRAF, FJ (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,W VIRGINIA COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,POB 6125,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506, USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 18 IS 3-4 BP 163 EP 172 DI 10.1016/0165-7836(93)90150-6 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA MT239 UT WOS:A1993MT23900001 ER PT J AU MUONEKE, MI MAUGHAN, OE HENRY, CC AF MUONEKE, MI MAUGHAN, OE HENRY, CC TI COMPARATIVE CAPTURE EFFICIENCIES OF FRAME AND HOOP NETS FOR WHITE CRAPPIE (POMOXIS-ANNULARIS RAFINESQUE) SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB We compared the capture efficiencies of frame nets and hoop nets for white crappie (Pomoxis annularis Rafinesque) during a 16 month study in Lake Carl Blackwell, OK, USA. The nets were fished simultaneously and in the same habitats (within 15-20 m of each other). The mean catch per unit effort (CPUE) was significantly higher (36.7 vs. 19.1 fish net-night(-1)) for hoop nets than for frame nets (P < 0.05). Hoop nets caught significantly more (P < 0.05) fish than frame nets in summer (44.0 vs. 14.7 fish net-night(-1)), but both gear types were equally effective during autumn, winter, and spring. Fish caught by both gear types encompassed the same size ranges but frame nets caught significantly larger (P < 0.05) fish (mean total length (TL), 154 mm; SD, 34 mm; N=3321; range, 73-392 mm) than hoop nets (mean TL, 139 mm; SD, 20 mm; N=4040; range, 76-386 mm). For each gear type, the mean CPUE was similar between seasons, except in summer when hoop nets caught more fish (P < 0.05). We believe using frame nets as the sole gear for crappie stock assessment could result in an underestimate of the year-class strength of younger fishes. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,OKLAHOMA COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,STILLWATER,OK 74078. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 18 IS 3-4 BP 231 EP 240 DI 10.1016/0165-7836(93)90155-Z PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA MT239 UT WOS:A1993MT23900006 ER PT J AU YORK, WS PATINO, R THOMAS, P AF YORK, WS PATINO, R THOMAS, P TI ULTRASTRUCTURAL-CHANGES IN FOLLICLE CELL-OOCYTE ASSOCIATIONS DURING DEVELOPMENT AND MATURATION OF THE OVARIAN FOLLICLE IN ATLANTIC CROAKER SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORYZIAS-LATIPES; GAP-JUNCTIONS; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; MEIOTIC MATURATION; NUTRITIONAL ROLE; GRANULOSA-CELLS; XENOPUS-LAEVIS; COMMUNICATION; TELEOST; GONADOTROPIN C1 TEXAS TECH UNIV,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,TEXAS COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT RANGE & WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. UNIV TEXAS,INST MARINE SCI,PORT ARANSAS,TX 78373. NR 47 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 92 IS 3 BP 402 EP 418 DI 10.1006/gcen.1993.1177 PG 17 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA MP211 UT WOS:A1993MP21100008 PM 8138106 ER PT J AU MASSON, DG SCANLON, KM AF MASSON, DG SCANLON, KM TI COMMENT ON THE MAPPING OF IRON-MANGANESE NODULE FIELDS USING RECONNAISSANCE SONARS SUCH AS GLORIA - REPLY SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Note C1 USGS,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. RP MASSON, DG (reprint author), IOS,WORMLEY GU8 5UB,ENGLAND. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0276-0460 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 13 IS 4 BP 246 EP 247 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA MQ040 UT WOS:A1993MQ04000008 ER PT J AU SYLVESTER, AG COSTA, J AF SYLVESTER, AG COSTA, J TI UNTITLED SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US GEOL SURVEY,CASCADES VOLCANO OBSERV,VANCOUVER,WA 98661. RP SYLVESTER, AG (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,DEPT GEOL SCI,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 105 IS 12 BP 1516 EP 1516 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MM711 UT WOS:A1993MM71100001 ER PT J AU STELTENPOHL, MG CYMERMAN, Z KROGH, EJ KUNK, MJ AF STELTENPOHL, MG CYMERMAN, Z KROGH, EJ KUNK, MJ TI EXHUMATION OF ECLOGITIZED CONTINENTAL BASEMENT DURING VARISCAN LITHOSPHERIC DELAMINATION AND GRAVITATIONAL COLLAPSE, SUDETY MOUNTAINS, POLAND SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXTENSIONAL COLLAPSE; BOHEMIAN MASSIF; APPALACHIANS; MODEL; SHEAR AB A Variscan, deep-crustal-level (eclogite-facies), continental basement massif in western Poland, the Snieznik complex, was tectonically exhumed. Crustal-penetrating mylonite zones record three main kinematic events: early top-to-the-north-directed thrusting, right-slip transpression-tension, and late top-to-the-south and -east normal faulting. Thrusting resulted in extreme crustal thickening and associated eclogite-facies metamorphism. Right-slip movements produced retrogressive crystal-plastic simple-shear zones. Normal faults flank Carboniferous to Early Permian terrigenous sedimentary basins, documenting tectonic and erosional denudation of the Snieznik complex during lithospheric extension. Sm/Nd isotopic dates previously reported for the in situ eclogite-facies metamorphic mineral assemblages are 341, 337, and 329 Ma (Brueckner et al., 1991). Ar-40/Ar-39 isotopic dates for metamorphic hornblende (338, 333, and 332 Ma), muscovite (329 and 329 Ma), and biotite (328 Ma) reflect times of cooling through the approximately 500, 350, and 300-degrees-C isotherms, respectively. These nearly concordant mineral dates document rapid cooling from approximately 850-degrees-C (eclogite-facies temperatures) to approximately 300-degrees-C. Rapid denudation of these deep-crustal rocks (approximately 19-22 kbar pressures, >70 km depth) is attributed to processes, similar to those of metamorphic-core complexes, that operated during lithospheric delamination and gravitational collapse. The sequence of late Paleozoic (Alleghanian) crustal thickening followed by right-slip transpression-tension followed by normal faulting recognized in the U.S. Appalachians implies that this tectonic pattern may exist throughout the Alleghanian-Variscan belt. C1 STATE INST GEOL,PL-53122 WROCLAW,POLAND. UNIV TROMSO,INST BIOL & GEOL,N-9001 TROMSO,NORWAY. US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. RP STELTENPOHL, MG (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,DEPT GEOL,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. RI Ravna, Erling Johan /F-9130-2011 NR 23 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD DEC PY 1993 VL 21 IS 12 BP 1111 EP 1114 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<1111:EOECBD>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA MM708 UT WOS:A1993MM70800014 ER PT J AU SHEDLOCK, RJ AF SHEDLOCK, RJ TI THE DELMARVA STUDY - ASSESSING REGIONAL WATER-QUALITY SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Article DE DELAWARE OR DELMARVA OR EASTERN SHORE AND VIRGINIA OR MARYLAND; GROUND WATER OR GROUNDWATER OR AQUIFERS OR AQUIFER OR WATER QUALITY RP SHEDLOCK, RJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,TOWSON,MD 21286, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD DEC PY 1993 VL 38 IS 12 BP 12 EP 14 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MK260 UT WOS:A1993MK26000005 ER PT J AU MELCHER, NB PARRETT, C AF MELCHER, NB PARRETT, C TI 1993 UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER FLOODS SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Article RP MELCHER, NB (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD DEC PY 1993 VL 38 IS 12 BP 15 EP 17 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MK260 UT WOS:A1993MK26000006 ER PT J AU MALLARD, GE BAEDECKER, MJ ESSAID, HI EGANHOUSE, RP AF MALLARD, GE BAEDECKER, MJ ESSAID, HI EGANHOUSE, RP TI HYDROCARBON TRANSPORT AND DEGRADATION IN-GROUND WATER SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Article RP MALLARD, GE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD DEC PY 1993 VL 38 IS 12 BP 18 EP 20 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MK260 UT WOS:A1993MK26000007 ER PT J AU TATE, CM STRIEGL, RG AF TATE, CM STRIEGL, RG TI METHANE CONSUMPTION AND CARBON-DIOXIDE EMISSION IN TALLGRASS PRAIRIE - EFFECTS OF BIOMASS BURNING AND CONVERSION TO AGRICULTURE SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID SOIL RESPIRATION; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION AB Consumption of atmospheric methane and emission of carbon dioxide by soils were measured on unburned and annually burned tallgrass prairie and on adjacent wheat and sorghum agricultural plots in Kansas. Profiles of CH4 and CO2 concentration with soil depth were also measured. Overall patterns of CH4 consumption by soils varied temporally, with soil depth and land use. Mean CH4 consumption for the 200-day sampling period was -1.02 mg CH4 m-2 d-1 (SE=0.13, n=41) for burned prairie, -0.63 (SE=0.09, n=45) for unburned prairie, -0.85 (SE=0.20, n=36) for wheat, and -0.45 (SE=0.08, n=40) for sorghum. Less than 20% of the variance in CH4 consumption was explained by soil temperature and/or moisture content. Overall patterns of CO2 emission from prairie and agricultural soils varied temporally, but not among land use. Mean CO2 emission for the 200-day sampling period was 15.7 g CO2 M2 d-1 (SE=1.8, n=41) for burned prairie, 14.5 (SE=1.3, n=45) for unburned prairie, 13.9 (SE=2.1, n=36) for wheat, and 10.3 (SE=2.1, n=40) for sorghum. More than 70% of the variance in prairie CO2 emission rate was explained by soil temperature and moisture. Crop management practices influenced the timing of CO2 emission from agricultural plots but not the net annual rate of emission. Methane concentrations generally decreased and CO2 concentrations increased with soil depth, and the magnitude of CH4 and CO2 flux generally increased with increased magnitude of the soil gas concentration gradient. Fertilization of agricultural fields had no measured effect on CH4 or CO2 flux or on soil gas concentrations. RP TATE, CM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,LAKEWOOD,CO 80225, USA. NR 22 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD DEC PY 1993 VL 7 IS 4 BP 735 EP 748 DI 10.1029/93GB02560 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MM234 UT WOS:A1993MM23400002 ER PT J AU LICHT, DS SANCHEZ, KD AF LICHT, DS SANCHEZ, KD TI ASSOCIATION OF BLACK-TAILED PRAIRIE DOG COLONIES WITH CATTLE POINT ATTRACTANTS IN THE NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS SO GREAT BASIN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE PRAIRIE DOGS; CATTLE; DISPERSAL; MANAGEMENT; CYNOMYS LUDOVICIANUS; TRAMPLING AB In October 1991 we recorded all black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies and cattle point attractants in a 1248-km(2) study area in southwest North Dakota and southeast Montana. Cattle point attractants were defined as fabricated water tanks and long-term supplemental feed sites. We found that a significant number of prairie dog colonies encompassed or adjoined cattle point attractants (p <.001). Prairie dog colonies associated with cattle point attractants were a mean distance of 1.0 km from the next nearest town. The existence of cattle point attractants may encourage prairie dog colonization. Conversely, refraining from using long-term cattle point attractants can discourage prairie dog colonization. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,N DAKOTA STATE OFF,BISMARCK,ND 58501. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 SN 0017-3614 J9 GREAT BASIN NAT JI Gt. Basin Nat. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 53 IS 4 BP 385 EP 389 PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MT141 UT WOS:A1993MT14100009 ER PT J AU MACK, TJ AF MACK, TJ TI DETECTION OF CONTAMINANT PLUMES BY BOREHOLE GEOPHYSICAL LOGGING SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article AB Two borehole geophysical methods - electromagnetic induction and natural gamna radiation logs - were used to vertically delineate landfill leachate plumes in a glacial aquifer. Geophysical logs of monitoring wells near two landfills in a glacial aquifer in west-central Vermont show that borehole geophysical methods can aid in interpretation of geologic logs and placement of monitoring well screens to sample landfill leachate plumes. Zones of high electrical conductance were delineated from the electromagnetic log in wells near two landfills. Some of these zones were found to correlate with silt and clay units on the basis of drilling and gamma logs. Monitoring wells were screened specifically in zones of high electrical conductivity that did not correlate to a silt or clay unit. Zones of high electrical conductivity that did not correlate to a silt or clay unit were caused by the presence of ground water with a high specific conductance, generally from 1000 to 2370 muS/cm (microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius). Ambient ground water in the study area has a specific conductance of approximately 200 to 400 muS/cm. Landfill leachate plumes were found to be approximately 5 to 20 feet thick and to be near the water table surface. RP MACK, TJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,BOW,NH 03304, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD WIN PY 1993 VL 13 IS 1 BP 107 EP 114 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.1993.tb00427.x PG 8 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA KM429 UT WOS:A1993KM42900005 ER PT J AU LOCKNER, D AF LOCKNER, D TI THE ROLE OF ACOUSTIC-EMISSION IN THE STUDY OF ROCK FRACTURE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID RENORMALIZATION-GROUP APPROACH; WESTERLY GRANITE; EARTHQUAKE PREDICTION; SOURCE PARAMETERS; UNIAXIAL-STRESS; SHEAR FRACTURE; BRITTLE SOLIDS; FAILURE; COMPRESSION; CREEP AB The development of faults and shear fracture systems over a broad range of temperature and pressure and for a variety of rock types involves the growth and interaction of microcracks. Acoustic emission (AE), which is produced by rapid microcrack growth, is a ubiquitous phenomenon associated with brittle fracture and has provided a wealth of information regarding the failure process in rock. This paper reviews the successes and limitations of AE studies as applied to the fracture process in rock with emphasis on our ability to predict rock failure. Application of laboratory AE studies to larger scale problems related to the understanding of earthquake processes is also discussed. In this context, laboratory studies can be divided into the following categories. 1) Simple counting of the number of AE events prior to sample failure shows a correlation between AE rate and inelastic strain mte. Additional sorting of events by amplitude has shown that AE events obey the power law frequency-magnitude relation observed for earthquakes. These cumulative event count techniques are being used in conjunction with damage mechanics models to determine how damage accumulates during loading and to predict failure. 2) A second area of research involves the location of hypocenters of AE source events. This technique requires precise arrival time data of AE signals recorded over an array of sensors that are essentially a miniature seismic net. Analysis of the spatial and temporal variation of event hypocenters has improved our understanding of the progression of microcrack growth and clustering leading to rock failure. Recently, fracture nucleation and growth have been studied under conditions of quasi-static fault propagation by controlling stress to maintain constant AE rate. 3) A third area of study involves the analysis of full waveform data as recorded at receiver sites. One aspect of this research has been to determine fault plane solutions of AE source events from first motion data. These studies show that in addition to pure tensile and double couple events, a significant number of mom complex event types occur in the period leading to fault nucleation. 4) P and S wave velocities (including spatial variations) and attenuation have been obtained by artificially generating acoustic pulses which am modified during passage through the sample. RP LOCKNER, D (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, 345 MIDDLEFIELD RD, MS-977, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. NR 105 TC 316 Z9 383 U1 17 U2 100 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1365-1609 EI 1873-4545 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 30 IS 7 BP 883 EP 899 DI 10.1016/0148-9062(93)90041-B PG 17 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA MR679 UT WOS:A1993MR67900040 ER PT J AU CARROLL, RD LACOMB, JW AF CARROLL, RD LACOMB, JW TI BOREHOLE TECHNIQUES IDENTIFYING SUBSURFACE CHIMNEY HEIGHTS IN LOOSE GROUND - SOME EXPERIENCES ABOVE UNDERGROUND NUCLEAR-EXPLOSIONS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES & GEOMECHANICS ABSTRACTS LA English DT Article AB The location of the subsurface top of the chimney formed by the collapse of the cavity resulting from an underground nuclear explosion is examined at five sites at the Nevada Test Site. The chimneys were investigated by drilling, coring, geophysical logging (density, gamma-ray, caliper), and seismic velocity surveys. The identification of the top of the chimney can be complicated by chimney termination in friable volcanic rock of relatively high porosity. The presence of an apical void in three of the five cases is confirmed as the chimney horizon by coincidence with anomalies observed in coring, caliper and gamma-ray logging (two cases), seismic velocity, and drilling. In the two cases where an apical void is not present, several of these techniques yield anomalies at identical horizons, however, the exact depth of chimney penetration is subject to some degree of uncertainty. This is due chiefly to the extent to which core recovery and seismic velocity may be affected by perturbations in the tuff above the chimney due to the explosion and collapse. The data suggest, however, that the depth uncertainty may be only of the order of 10 m if several indicators are available. Of all indicators, core recovery and seismic velocity indicate anomalous horizons in every case. Because radiation products associated with the explosion are contained within the immediate vicinity of the cavity, gamma-ray logs are generally not diagnostic of chimney penetration. In no case is the density log indicative of the presence of the chimney. C1 DEF NUCL AGCY,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. RP CARROLL, RD (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,POB 25046,MS 913,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0148-9062 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 30 IS 6 BP 575 EP 590 DI 10.1016/0148-9062(93)91218-8 PG 16 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA MK217 UT WOS:A1993MK21700001 ER PT J AU BARNES, PW KEMPEMA, EW REIMNITZ, E MCCORMICK, M WEBER, WS HAYDEN, EC AF BARNES, PW KEMPEMA, EW REIMNITZ, E MCCORMICK, M WEBER, WS HAYDEN, EC TI BEACH PROFILE MODIFICATION AND SEDIMENT TRANSPORT BY ICE - AN OVERLOOKED PROCESS ON LAKE-MICHIGAN SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE COASTAL EROSION; COASTAL PROCESSES; ICE RAFTING; COASTAL ICE; LAKE ICE; BEACH PROTECTION ID CANADIAN BEAUFORT SEA; COASTAL RETREAT AB In the winters of 1989 and 1990 field studies of ice zonation, ice sediment content, coastal profile adjustments, sediment entrainment by ice, and ice rafting were carried out along the coast of southern Lake Michigan, quantifying the effect of lake ice on coastal processes and sediment transport. Coastal lake ice includes a belt of mobile brash and slush ice and a stable nearshore-ice complex (NIC). The NIC consists of an icefoot and a sequence of ice ridges founded on offshore bars with intervening ice lagoons. This complex can be developed and partly, or completely, destroyed several times during a single winter. Multiple winter coastal profiles illustrate both erosion and deposition consistent with displacement of wave energy from the shoreface to the ice-ridge face. Sediment concentrations indicate that the NIC and the belt of brash and slush contains 180 to 280 t (113 to 175 m3) of sand per kilometer of coast. This static sediment load is roughly equivalent to the average amount of sand eroded from the bluffs and to the amount accumulating in the deep lake basin each year. Sediment is being rafted alongshore in the mobile brash and slush at rates of 10 to 30 cm/sec. Applying conservative estimates of sediment loads to the drifting ice suggests that 0.35 to 2.75 x 10(3) t/day could be transported alongshore and around obstacles such as groins. The processes associated with the development, maintenance and destruction of the NIC do not protect the coast. Rather, shoreface erosion is enhanced as severe winter wave energy is displaced from the beach to the shoreface and coastal ice entrains and transports sediment alongshore and offshore. RP BARNES, PW (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,PACIFIC MARINE GEOL BRANCH,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 55 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD WIN PY 1993 VL 9 IS 1 BP 65 EP 86 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA KW242 UT WOS:A1993KW24200006 ER PT J AU DINGLER, JR REISS, TE PLANT, NG AF DINGLER, JR REISS, TE PLANT, NG TI EROSIONAL PATTERNS OF THE ISLES DERNIERES, LOUISIANA, IN RELATION TO METEOROLOGICAL INFLUENCES SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE BARRIER ISLAND; BEACH-FACE EROSION; LAND LOSS; OVERWASH; SEDIMENT VOLUME; WAVE ATTACK ID OVERWASH AB Over the past 100 years, the Isles Dernieres, a low-lying barrier-island chain along the central Louisiana coast, has eroded extensively. This erosion has resulted in more than 1 km of northward beach-face retreat and the loss of 71 percent of the total island area, The primary causes for the erosion are wind and wave attack, diminished sand supply, and relative sea-level rise. Over the short term, wind and wave attack, which produce backshore transport, beach-face erosion, and overwash deposition, are the major morpho-dynamic processes modifying the Isles Dernieres. These processes are driven by recurrent cold fronts that move through the area every few days between autumn and spring and hy hurricanes that impact the area every few years during the summer and autumn. Five years of detailed topographic surveys show that a beach on the central Isles Dernieres changed significantly in both shape and sediment volume; however, the pattern of change was not the same each year. Between August 1986 and July 1988, cold-front-generated waves eroded the entire beach face and mused an average of 35 m of retreat at mean sea level and a sediment loss of about 60 m3 per meter of beach width. In contrast to the relatively slow erosion caused by cold fronts, hurricane Gilbert, a category 5 hurricane that passed about 800 km south of the Isles Dernieres in September 1988, produced differential beach-face retreat of about 9 m at mean sea level and 40 m at an elevation of 0.5 m. Most of the sediment eroded from the beach face was deposited on the backshore, which resulted in only a small loss of sediment from the beach and a noteworthy decrease in beach-face slope. During the two years following hurricane Gilbert, the mean-sea-level contour remained stationary while the beach face slowly returned to its pre-Gilbert shape. Having regained that shape, the beach face began again to retreat at a rate that approximates the earlier cold-front-driven rate. That magnitude of retreat is expected to continue until another large hurricane alters the erosional pattern. The average rate of berm-crest retreat for the five-year period was 0.5 cm/day; the actual retreat, however, primarily occurred during the winter. RP DINGLER, JR (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,PACIFIC MARINE GEOL BRANCH,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. OI Plant, Nathaniel/0000-0002-5703-5672 NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD WIN PY 1993 VL 9 IS 1 BP 112 EP 125 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA KW242 UT WOS:A1993KW24200010 ER PT J AU JESKE, CW GILBERT, DW ANDERSON, DR RINGELMAN, JK SZYMCZAK, MR AF JESKE, CW GILBERT, DW ANDERSON, DR RINGELMAN, JK SZYMCZAK, MR TI USE OF A RESTRAINING BOARD AND WING BANDS TO IMMOBILIZE AND MARK MALLARDS SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Individually numbered bands were applied to the wings of Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) to enable identification of carcasses found during subsequent surveys. After ducks were captured and restrained on an immobilization board, a single metal band was applied to the rachis of primary VIII of each wing. In 1988 and 1989, 59.6% and 78.7%, respectively, of the individually identifiable Mallard remains were identified solely from wing bands. Of 46 Mallards recaptured in 1989, 4% had lost both bands and 13% had lost one band. As they are easily applied and have a high retention rate, wing bands are effective markers, particularly when carcasses consist mostly of wing remains. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,COLORADO COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. COLORADO DIV WILDLIFE,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS PI BELOIT PA BELOIT COLLEGE, DEPT BIOLOGY, 700 COLLEGE ST, BELOIT, WI 53511 SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD WIN PY 1993 VL 64 IS 1 BP 84 EP 89 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA KR846 UT WOS:A1993KR84600011 ER PT J AU CARPENTER, J MAUGHAN, OE AF CARPENTER, J MAUGHAN, OE TI MACROHABITAT OF SONORA CHUB (GILA-DITAENIA) IN SYCAMORE CREEK, SANTA-CRUZ COUNTY, ARIZONA SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HABITAT USE; STREAM; COLORADO; FISHES AB Physical characteristics and persistence of macrohabitat used by different life stages of Sonora club (Gila ditaenia) were determined by repeatedly measuring distinct reaches in Sycamore Creek, Santa Cruz County, Arizona, in 1990 and 1991. At the beginning of summer drought, habitats occupied by adult Sonora club were deeper and larger than areas with only immature fish and unoccupied areas. The medians of maximum depth were 47.0 cm (1990) and 39.7 cm (1991) for habitats with adults, 21.3 cm (1990) and 22.9 cm (1991) for habitats with only immature fish, and 14.6 cm (1990) and 19.7 cm (1991) for unoccupied areas. At the end of summer drought, adults occupied habitats that were deeper and larger, and the percent decrease in area and depth was less than areas containing only immature fish or no fish. The medians of percent decrease in maximum depth were 13 % (1990) and 21 % (1991) for habitats with adults, 48 % (1990) and 41 % (1991) for habitats with only immature fish, and 42 % (1990) and 33 % (1991) for unoccupied areas. By the end of summer drought, habitats with only immature fish were not physically different from unoccupied areas. Loss of total surface area was highest in reaches that contained only immature fish or no fish (range = 36% to 94%). Most Sonora chub lost from evaporating surface waters were immature fish. Ephemeral and unoccupied areas had higher percentages of floating cover and coarser substrates than persistent, occupied areas. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ARIZONA COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP CARPENTER, J (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL ECOL RES CTR,4512 MCMURRAY AVE,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 8 IS 4 BP 265 EP 278 DI 10.1080/02705060.1993.9664866 PG 14 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA MN459 UT WOS:A1993MN45900001 ER PT J AU PATTON, TM HUBERT, WA AF PATTON, TM HUBERT, WA TI RESERVOIRS ON A GREAT-PLAINS STREAM AFFECT DOWNSTREAM HABITAT AND FISH ASSEMBLAGES SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Reservoirs can markedly alter downstream reaches of streams and often reduce multiple, braided channels to a single channel in the Great Plains. The Laramie River downstream from Grayrocks Reservoir in southeastern Wyoming is undergoing such morphological changes. Along 10 transects measured in 1991, we saw 3-9 abandoned channels and a single channel with water. The mean incision among remaining channels with water was 1.7 m. We sampled fish assemblages from the main channel, remnant side channels, and backwaters. species richness and diversity were greatest in backwaters and greater in the main channel than in side channels. Side-channel and main-channel fish assemblages differed substantially. Side channels contained fishes common in small streams, whereas the main channel contained fishes usually associated with larger streams. RP PATTON, TM (reprint author), UNIV WYOMING,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,WYOMING COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,LARAMIE,WY 82071, USA. NR 22 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 8 IS 4 BP 279 EP 286 DI 10.1080/02705060.1993.9664867 PG 8 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA MN459 UT WOS:A1993MN45900002 ER PT J AU ROTTIERS, DV AF ROTTIERS, DV TI ENERGY BUDGET FOR YEARLING LAKE TROUT, SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BODY-WEIGHT; RATION SIZE; ENERGETICS; MICHIGAN; TEMPERATURE; BIOENERGETICS; CONSUMPTION; GROWTH; MODEL AB Components of the energy budget of yearling lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) were derived from data gathered in laboratory growth and metabolism studies; values for energy lost as waste were estimated with previously published equations. Because the total caloric value of food consumed by experimental lake trout was significantly different during the two years in which the studies were done, separate annual energy budgets were formulated. The gross conversion efficiency in yearling lake trout fed ad libitum rations of alewives at 10-degrees-C was 26.6% to 41%. The distribution of energy with temperature was similar for each component of the energy budget. Highest conversion efficiencies were observed in fish fed less than ad libitum rations; fish fed an amount of food equivalent to about 4% of their body weight at 10-degrees-C had a conversion efficiency of 33% to 45.1%. Physiologically useful energy was 76.1-80.1% of the total energy consumed. Estimated growth for age-I and -II lake fish was near that observed for laboratory fish held at lake temperatures and fed reduced rations. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR GREAT LAKES,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 8 IS 4 BP 319 EP 327 DI 10.1080/02705060.1993.9664871 PG 9 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA MN459 UT WOS:A1993MN45900006 ER PT J AU WALLER, DL RACH, JJ COPE, WG LUOMA, JA AF WALLER, DL RACH, JJ COPE, WG LUOMA, JA TI A SAMPLING METHOD FOR CONDUCTING RELOCATION STUDIES WITH FRESH-WATER MUSSELS SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Note AB Low recovery of transplanted mussels often prevents accurate estimates of survival. We developed a method that provided a high recovery of transplanted mussels and allowed for a reliable assessment of mortality. A 3 x 3 m polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe grid was secured to the sediment with iron reinforcing bars. The grid was divided into nine 1-m2 segments and each treatment segment, was stocked with 100 marked mussels. The recovery of mussels after six months exceeded 80% in all but one treatment group. RP WALLER, DL (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR,2630 FANTA REED RD,LA CROSSE,WI 54602, USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 8 IS 4 BP 397 EP 399 DI 10.1080/02705060.1993.9664878 PG 3 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA MN459 UT WOS:A1993MN45900013 ER PT J AU CHRISTOPHERSEN, N NEAL, C HOOPER, RP AF CHRISTOPHERSEN, N NEAL, C HOOPER, RP TI MODELING THE HYDROCHEMISTRY OF CATCHMENTS - A CHALLENGE FOR THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MODELING STREAMWATER CHEMISTRY; SOILWATER END-MEMBERS; SOLUBILITY CONTROLS; ACID-DEPOSITION; WATER ACIDIFICATION; SOIL-WATER; ALUMINUM; BIRKENES; NORWAY; NEUTRALIZATION AB The development and testing of coupled hydrological and chemical models for describing the impact of acid deposition on soil water and surface water chemistry are reviewed. Two problems fundamental to the modelling of environmental systems are identified. First, calibration data generally do not contain enough information uniquely to determine model parameters; this leads to an apparently good fit between observations and predictions, but provides only a weak test of the hypothesized processes. Second, state variables contained within the model are often difficult to relate to field observations, because of spatial heterogeneity or a 'conceptual' model structure being imposed on the system. This difficulty can prevent application of the scientific method to model development. Within hydrochemistry, more testable and thus better posed models ran be built by using chemical signals to constrain the hydrological structure. More generally for environmental systems, the use of synthetic data analysis is suggested as a means to determine the minimal field observations necessary to identify the model parameters and to test the model. Still, given the measurements that can be performed, there may be fundamental limitations to the modelling of environmental systems that cannot be overcome. Probing such questions is vital to the future of environmental modelling. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,ATLANTA,GA 30360. INST HYDROL,WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB,OXON,ENGLAND. RP CHRISTOPHERSEN, N (reprint author), UNIV OSLO,DEPT INFORMAT,POB 1080,BLINDERN,N-0316 OSLO,NORWAY. NR 43 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 152 IS 1-4 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(93)90138-Y PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA MQ127 UT WOS:A1993MQ12700001 ER PT J AU MANGAN, MT MARSH, BD FROELICH, AJ GOTTFRIED, D AF MANGAN, MT MARSH, BD FROELICH, AJ GOTTFRIED, D TI EMPLACEMENT AND DIFFERENTIATION OF THE YORK HAVEN DIABASE SHEET, PENNSYLVANIA SO JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLOW DIFFERENTIATION; STILLWATER COMPLEX; IGNEOUS DIKES; PETROGENESIS; GEOCHEMISTRY; SILICATES; MAGNETITE; PLATINUM; BASIN; SILLS AB Many of the high-Ti quartz-normative tholeiitic intrusive sheets in the early Mesozoic rift basins of the Eastern USA exhibit lateral differentiation from mafic cumulate units, through diabase, to relatively evolved iron-rich rock types. We have investigated a representative example in detail, the York Haven sheet in the Gettysburg basin of south-central Pennsylvania. It ranges in thickness from 330 m to 675 m, and we have sampled it from base to top along four separate stratigraphic sections evenly spaced over the extent of the intrusion. The easternmost section (York Haven) is entirely basaltic bronzite cumulate (average 15 vol. % bronzite), whereas the westernmost (Reesers Summit) consists of diabase and low-MgO diabase with a middle to upper 'sandwich zone' of ferrogabbro. The intervening sections feature rock types transitional between the two end-member sequences. Chemically, the rock series shows a gradual east to west depletion of compatible elements (Mg, Ca, Ni, and Cr), and enrichment of incompatible elements [Ti, Fe, Na, K, P, Cu, Zr, Th, Ta, Hf, Sb, Cs, As, platinum group elements (PGEs), and rare earth elements (REEs)]. We suggest two main processes for the trends observed in the York Haven sheet. First, flow differentiation during ascent and lateral injection of the parental magma produced a tongue of basaltic bronzite cumulate that thins from southeast to northwest and passes laterally into diabase, and, at the distal end of the intrusion, into low-MgO diabase. Then, in the latter stages of crystallization, density-driven hydrothermal fluids transported incompatible elements westward, into structurally higher parts of the intrusion. Reaction of this residual aqueous fluid with partly crystallized low-MgO diabase produced a zone of ferrogabbro rich in hydrothermal replacement products (eg., Cl-amphibole, biotite, ferrohypersthene, and skeletal ilmenite) and precipitates (e.g., quartz, fayalite, Cl-apatite, sulfides, and PGE minerals). C1 US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP MANGAN, MT (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT EARTH & PLANETARY SCI,BALTIMORE,MD 21218, USA. NR 64 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0022-3530 J9 J PETROL JI J. Petrol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1271 EP 1302 PG 32 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MR789 UT WOS:A1993MR78900007 ER PT J AU HENNY, CJ CONANT, B ANDERSON, DW AF HENNY, CJ CONANT, B ANDERSON, DW TI RECENT DISTRIBUTION AND STATUS OF NESTING BALD EAGLES IN BAJA-CALIFORNIA, MEXICO SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB We studied Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) nesting in Baja California, Mexico, and vicinity from 1983-1993. The range of nesting Bald Eagles in Baja California has been reduced from a scattering of pairs along both the Pacific and Gulf sides to a remnant population in Magdalena Bay where no more than three pairs were found annually. Low numbers and a restricted distribution make this disjunct population especially vulnerable to human disturbance. Additional protection of present nesting localities and a reintroduction program on remote islands in the Gulf of California, where eagles historically nested, are proposed. Limited data on nesting success indicate that the Magdalena Bay population is reproducing successfully with young probably dispersing north following fledging. The Bald Eagles found wintering along the Colorado River Delta in January apparently nest farther north in the United States or Canada. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,JUNEAU,AK 99802. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT WILDLIFE & FISHERIES BIOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP HENNY, CJ (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,3080 SE CLEARWATER DR,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 12805 ST CROIX TRAIL, HASTINGS, MN 55033 SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 27 IS 4 BP 203 EP 209 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA MT050 UT WOS:A1993MT05000006 ER PT J AU REIMSCHUESSEL, R BENNETT, RO MAY, EB LIPSKY, MM AF REIMSCHUESSEL, R BENNETT, RO MAY, EB LIPSKY, MM TI PATHOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS AND NEW NEPHRON DEVELOPMENT IN RAINBOW-TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS) FOLLOWING TETRACHLOROETHYLENE CONTAMINATION SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE FISH; TROUT; LIVER; KIDNEY; TETRACHLOROETHYLENE; PERCHLOROETHYLENE; CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON; TOXICITY AB Environmental exposure of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, to tetrachloroethylene was associated with massive mortalities (about 50%) with acute hepatic and renal toxicity. The liver changes consisted of diffuse hepatocellular necrosis. The kidney changes were manifested as degeneration and necrosis of epithelial cells lining the first segment of the proximal tubule. Intensely basophilic newly developing nephrons were observed in surviving fish sampled 10 days to 3 wk following exposure. The presence of developing nephrons in adult fish may serve as a biomarker for nephrotoxic pollutant exposure. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,DIV FISH & WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE,ARLINGTON,VA 22201. MARYLAND DEPT NAT RESOURCES,OXFORD,MD 21654. RP REIMSCHUESSEL, R (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,ROOM 7-11 MSTF,10 S PINE ST,BALTIMORE,MD 21201, USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC Z00 VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 24 IS 4 BP 503 EP 507 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MP526 UT WOS:A1993MP52600013 ER PT J AU DECHO, AW LOPEZ, GR AF DECHO, AW LOPEZ, GR TI EXOPOLYMER MICROENVIRONMENTS OF MICROBIAL-FLORA - MULTIPLE AND INTERACTIVE EFFECTS ON TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID MARINE; INVERTEBRATES; BACTERIUM; COPEPODS AB Microbial cells in natural environments are often encased in different types of exopolymer secretions (EPS), ranging from tight capsules surrounding individual cells to the looser slime matrices of biofilms. The different physical and chemical properties of exopolymers could have secondary effects on trophic interactions between microbial cells and consumer animals. Laboratory studies showed that capsule EPS is significantly less digestible to consumers than slime EPS, even when extracted from the same bacterial strain. Bacterial cells with EPS capsules are less efficiently digested than noncapsuled cells, suggesting that capsules protect against digestion. Follow-up experiments determined that polysaccharide-rich fractions of slime EPS are absorbed with very high efficiencies while protein portions, which are more abundant in capsular polymers, are absorbed relatively poorly. Another series of experiments showed that dissolved organic matter (DOM), when adsorbed directly to the mineralogical portions of sediment particles, is available to deposit feeders. However, the further presence of an exopolymer coating on sediments more than doubled the bioavailability of adsorbed DOM to the consumer. Observations using cold-stage scanning electron microscopy indicated that exopolymer microenvironments are a common feature of natural marine sediments. Microbial exopolymers range from easily digestible carbon sources to relatively refractory ones that effectively protect some microbial cells from consumer digestion. Exopolymer microenvironments may also make recently absorbed DOM highly accessible to particle-ingesting animals. C1 SUNY STONY BROOK, MARINE SCI RES CTR, STONY BROOK, NY 11794 USA. RP US GEOL SURVEY, 345 MIDDLEFIELD RD, MS 465, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. NR 34 TC 122 Z9 123 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1633 EP 1645 PG 13 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA MZ459 UT WOS:A1993MZ45900005 ER PT J AU BABB, IG AUSTER, PJ BELT, W OLIVIER, D LANGTON, RW MACDONALD, IR POPENOE, P STENECK, RS AF BABB, IG AUSTER, PJ BELT, W OLIVIER, D LANGTON, RW MACDONALD, IR POPENOE, P STENECK, RS TI DUAL-USE OF A NUCLEAR POWERED RESEARCH SUBMERSIBLE - THE US-NAVY NR-1 SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MEXICO; GULF AB The U.S. Navy NR-1 nuclear-powered research submersible has been in use since 1969. The unique capabilities of NR-1 (e.g., the ability to image the seafloor with videocameras, both film and electronic still cameras, side-scan sonar, sub-bottom profiling, and the ability to allow observation by the human eye-all with the extended bottom time allowed by a nuclear submarine) make this vehicle of great benefit for both military and civilian applications. These capabilities are compared with similar sampling capabilities found on other submersibles. Examples of both military and civilian research applications are provided to illustrate the sampling capability of the vessel. C1 SUBMARINE BASE NEW LONDON,SUBMARINE NR1,GROTON,CT. MAINE DEPT MARINE RESOURCES,W BOOTHBAY HARBOR,ME. TEXAS A&M UNIV,GEOCHEM & ENVIRONM RES GRP,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. US GEOL SURVEY,BRANCH ATLANTIC MARINE GEOL,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. UNIV MAINE,IRA C DARLING MARINE LAB,WALPOLE,ME 04573. RP BABB, IG (reprint author), UNIV CONNECTICUT,NOAA,NATL UNDERSEA RES CTR,GROTON,CT 06340, USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA C/O I CLAYION MATTHEWS, 1828 L ST, NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD WIN PY 1993 VL 27 IS 4 BP 39 EP 48 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA NB554 UT WOS:A1993NB55400006 ER PT J AU WILLARD, DA PHILLIPS, TL AF WILLARD, DA PHILLIPS, TL TI PALEOBOTANY AND PALYNOLOGY OF THE BRISTOL HILL COAL MEMBER (BOND FORMATION) AND FRIENDSVILLE COAL MEMBER (MATTOON FORMATION) OF THE ILLINOIS BASIN (UPPER PENNSYLVANIAN) SO PALAIOS LA English DT Article ID SWAMP VEGETATION; PEAT-SWAMP; USA; PALEOECOLOGY; PATTERNS; PLANTS; KENTUCKY AB Late Pennsylvanian coal swamps of the Illinois Basin were dominated by Psaronius tree ferns with a spatially heterogeneous distribution of medullosan pteridosperms (subdominant), calamites, sigillarian lycopsids, and cordaites. Miospore and coal-ball plant assemblages from the Missourian-age Bristol Hill Coal Member (Bond Formation) and Friendsville Coal Member (Mattoon Formation) of southeastern Illinois were quantified to analyze vegetational patterns in Late Pennsylvanian peat swamps and to compare vegetational composition of the coals. In the Bristol Hill Coal (95 coal balls, 2613 cm2 coal-ball peels), tree ferns are dominant (75.6%), followed by pteridosperms (11.5%), lycopsids (10.6%), sphenopsids (0.6%), small ferns (1.6%), and cordaites (0.1%). Coal-ball peats from the Friendsville Coal (719 coal balls, 26,659 CM2 coal-ball peels) also are dominated by tree ferns (74.9%), followed by pteridosperms (15.4%), cordaites (6.6%), sphenopsids (2.5%), lycopsids (0.4%), and small ferns (0.2%). Tree-fern spores were the most abundant element in miospore assemblages from both coals, but the coals differ in relative abundance of tree-fern species. Bristol Hill samples are distinguished by abundant Speciosporites minutus (46%) and Cyclogranisporites (12%), whereas Friendsville samples incorporated more Punctatisporites minutus (27%) and Apiculatisporis saetiger (23%). Estimates of vegetational abundance from the coal-ball and miospore records were compared using ratios of percent abundance of miospore species to source plant abundance in the coal-ball record (R-values). In both coals, tree ferns are evenly represented in both micro- and megafossil records (R = 0.8-1.2), and pteridosperms are represented poorly (R < 0.02). Small ferns are over-represented in the miospore record (R = 12-32), and values for lycopsids and cordaites are quite variable (R = 0.6-3.4 and R = 0.03-6.5, respectively). Three-dimensional sampling over a 20 M2 area (profiles collected from adjacent 1 M2 grids) of a large coal-ball mass in the Friendsville Coal indicates the need for extensive collections of laterally separate profiles in the Upper Pennsylvanian. Large diameter (up to 1 m) Psaronius trunks and fallen trees, such as calamites, may markedly bias estimates of biomass composition because of size and varied distribution of such large plants. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. RP WILLARD, DA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,970 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 49 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 1731 E 71ST STREET, TULSA, OK 74136-5108 SN 0883-1351 J9 PALAIOS JI Palaios PD DEC PY 1993 VL 8 IS 6 BP 574 EP 586 DI 10.2307/3515033 PG 13 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA MR358 UT WOS:A1993MR35800006 ER PT J AU FUIS, GS CLOWES, RM AF FUIS, GS CLOWES, RM TI COMPARISON OF DEEP-STRUCTURE ALONG 3 TRANSECTS OF THE WESTERN NORTH-AMERICAN CONTINENTAL-MARGIN SO TECTONICS LA English DT Article ID ALASKA CRUSTAL TRANSECT; COPPER RIVER BASIN; SOUTHERN VANCOUVER-ISLAND; PACIFIC RIM COMPLEX; CHUGACH MOUNTAINS; FUCA PLATE; TECTONIC HISTORY; SUBDUCTION ZONE; WRANGELLIA; TERRANES AB Similarities in geology and potential field data that have in the past been noted among the regions of southern Alaska, southern Vancouver Island, and central California are now seen to be accompanied by similarities in deep crustal structure. A number of tectonic elements have been identified in the deep structure along transects in these three regions, although not all elements are present along each transect. These elements are (A) an actively subducting oceanic plate and (B) an overriding continental plate that consists of (1) a Cenozoic accretionary prism, (2) a Mesozoic accretionary prism, (3) a backstop to the Mesozoic prism, (4) a tectonically underplated body of oceanic rocks, and (5) a crustal root. The Mesozoic prism is in some cases an underthrust body (type 2a) but in other cases forms the principal component of a landward verging tectonic wedge (type 2b). The tectonically underplated body of oceanic rocks extends landward from the fault contact between the Cenozoic and Mesozoic prisms to a point beneath the backstop. The crustal root lies beneath the backstop and landward of the underplated body. All of these elements are interpreted to be present along the Alaskan and Vancouver Island transects. In Alaska the underplated body is interpreted to be fragments of the Kula plate; the same may be true at Vancouver Island. These two transects appear to differ in that, in Alaska, the Mesozoic prism, in one interpretation, is the principal component of a tectonic wedge (type 2b), whereas at Vancouver Island, it is an underthrust body (type 2a). Along the central California transect, active subduction is no longer taking place, and the San Andreas fault has removed the Cenozoic prism from this region of the North American plate. On the North American plate (i.e., east of the San Andreas fault), the Mesozoic prism, interpreted as the main component of a tectonic wedge (type 2b), and the backstop to the Mesozoic prism are present. There is, however, no clear evidence of tectonically underplated oceanic rocks, and the crust is thin (no root). In both Alaska and Vancouver Island, the Mesozoic prisms above the underplated bodies experienced low-pressure/high-temperature metamorphism at about the time of tectonic underplating; no such metamorphism is currently exposed in California. The metamorphism may have been caused by the underplating of young, hot oceanic crust, or, alternatively, by subduction of an oceanic ridge. The presence of a tectonic wedge (type 2b) in Alaska and California and the absence of such a wedge at Vancouver Island could arise either from the fact that in the former two locations the Mesozoic prisms were more voluminous, owing to either more rapid trench sedimentation or more rapid convergence, or to the possibility that at the latter location the Mesozoic prism was juxtaposed with the backstop primarily by strike-slip faulting. C1 UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,DEPT GEOPHYS & ASTRON,VANCOUVER V6T 1Z4,BC,CANADA. RP FUIS, GS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. RI Clowes, Ronald/C-4599-2015; OI Fuis, Gary/0000-0002-3078-1544 NR 52 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0278-7407 J9 TECTONICS JI Tectonics PD DEC PY 1993 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1420 EP 1435 DI 10.1029/93TC01063 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MP389 UT WOS:A1993MP38900009 ER PT J AU ANDERS, MH SPIEGELMAN, M RODGERS, DW HAGSTRUM, JT AF ANDERS, MH SPIEGELMAN, M RODGERS, DW HAGSTRUM, JT TI THE GROWTH OF FAULT-BOUNDED TILT BLOCKS SO TECTONICS LA English DT Article ID SNAKE RIVER PLAIN; 1983 BORAH-PEAK; RANGE PROVINCE; IDAHO; EXTENSION; BASIN; EARTHQUAKES; SEISMICITY; TECTONICS; REGIONS AB A series of uniformly tilted fault-bounded blocks is a common feature in actively extending regions such as the Basin and Range province. If the tilted blocks were produced by rigid ''domino-style'' rotation, one would predict large voids at either end of a series of these blocks. Using tilt data and a simple flexural calculation, we suggest that much of the apparent rigid behavior could also be produced by internal block deformation. In our model of normal fault growth, isostatic/elastic uplift of the footwall is coupled with hanging wall downdrop within the region between faults, resulting in the appearance of a tilted rigid block. We present tilt data sampled at varying distances from several block-defining faults within the northeast Basin and Range province. Tilt measurements between a series of 30-km spaced block-defining faults are found to be uniform, while tilts between more widely spaced faults exhibit a pattern of tilt that diminishes to zero in less than 30 km. Using a simple flexural calculation for internal block deformation, we show that for this region the patterns of tilt are consistent with a flexural length scale of approximately 8-12 km and deflections of 2-4 km. These estimates are compatible with both the lower limit to seismicity and basin depth determined from earthquake and seismic reflection studies. C1 IDAHO STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOL,POCATELLO,ID 83209. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP ANDERS, MH (reprint author), COLUMBIA UNIV,LAMONT DOHERTY EARTH OBSERV,PALISADES,NY 10964, USA. NR 42 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0278-7407 J9 TECTONICS JI Tectonics PD DEC PY 1993 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1451 EP 1459 DI 10.1029/93TC01547 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MP389 UT WOS:A1993MP38900011 ER PT J AU DUNKLE, SA PLUMMER, LN BUSENBERG, E PHILLIPS, PJ DENVER, J HAMILTON, PA MICHEL, RL COPLEN, TB AF DUNKLE, SA PLUMMER, LN BUSENBERG, E PHILLIPS, PJ DENVER, J HAMILTON, PA MICHEL, RL COPLEN, TB TI CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS (CCL3F AND CCL2F2) AS DATING TOOLS AND HYDROLOGIC TRACERS IN SHALLOW GROUNDWATER OF THE DELMARVA PENINSULA, ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN, UNITED-STATES SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Concentrations of the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) CFC-11 and CFC-12 were determined in groundwater from coastal plain sediments of the Delmarva Peninsula. CFC-modeled ages were calculated independently for CFC-11 and CFC-12, and agreed to within 2-3 years in the majority of the waters. Recharge temperatures, determined from dissolved nitrogen and argon concentrations, varied from 9 +/- 2-degrees-C over most of the peninsula to 14 +/- 2-degrees-C at the southernmost tip of the peninsula in Virginia. The CFC-modeled ages were examined in relation to the known hydrogeologic environment, both on regional scales and in more intensively sampled local scale networks. The CFC-modeled recharge years and measured tritium concentrations were used to reconstruct a tritium input function that was compared to the modeled tritiUM plus He-3 distribution. Most of the present distribution of tritium in Delmarva groundwater is consistent with low dispersivities. The results of the study strongly support the use of CFCs for dating shallow, aerobic groundwater. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. US GEOL SURVEY,ALBANY,NY 12201. US GEOL SURVEY,DOVER,DE 19901. US GEOL SURVEY,RICHMOND,VA 23230. NR 45 TC 107 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 29 IS 12 BP 3837 EP 3860 DI 10.1029/93WR02073 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA ML118 UT WOS:A1993ML11800001 ER PT J AU NELSON, JM MCLEAN, SR WOLFE, SR AF NELSON, JM MCLEAN, SR WOLFE, SR TI MEAN FLOW AND TURBULENCE FIELDS OVER 2-DIMENSIONAL BED FORMS SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ERODIBLE CHANNELS; RIPPLES; DUNES; STABILITY; SEDIMENT; LAYER; MODEL AB Detailed laser-Doppler velocity and Reynolds stress measurements over fixed two-dimensional bed forms are used to investigate the coupling between the mean flow and turbulence and to examine effects that play a role in producing the bed form instability and finite amplitude stability. The coupling between the mean flow and the turbulence is explored in both a spatially averaged sense, by determining the structure of spatially averaged velocity and Reynolds stress profiles, and a local sense, through computation of eddy viscosities and length scales. The measurements show that there is significant interaction between the internal boundary layer and the overlying wake turbulence produced by separation at the bed form crest. The interaction produces relatively low correlation coefficients in the internal boundary layer, which suggests that using local bottom stress to predict bed load flux may not only be erroneous, it may also disregard the essence of the bed form instability mechanism. The measurements also indicate that topographically induced acceleration over the bed form stoss slope has a more significant effect in damping the turbulence over bed forms than was previously supposed, which is hypothesized to play a role in the stabilization of fully developed bed forms. C1 UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,DEPT MECH & ENVIRONM ENGN,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106. RP NELSON, JM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DIV WATER RESOURCES,BOX 25046,MS 413,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 43 TC 171 Z9 173 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 29 IS 12 BP 3935 EP 3953 DI 10.1029/93WR01932 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA ML118 UT WOS:A1993ML11800009 ER PT J AU KWICKLIS, EM HEALY, RW AF KWICKLIS, EM HEALY, RW TI NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF STEADY LIQUID WATER-FLOW IN A VARIABLY SATURATED FRACTURE NETWORK SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FLUID-FLOW; THERMOHYDROLOGIC CONDITIONS; TRACER TRANSPORT; SINGLE FRACTURE; CHANNEL MODEL; POROUS-MEDIUM; CALIBRATION; VALIDATION; APERTURE; INFILTRATION AB Numerical simulation was used to study steady liquid water movement in a 5-m by 5-m vertical section containing a hypothetical fracture network under conditions of variable saturation. The fracture network was assumed to be embedded within an impermeable rock matrix. Three variations of a network were considered. The ''mixed'' network consisted of two fracture sets, a subvertical set containing five 125 mum average aperture fractures and a subhorizontal set containing four 25 mum average aperture fractures. The other two networks had identical fracture orientation and contained either all 125 mum or all 25 mum average aperture fractures. The TOUGH simulator was used to calculate the total steady liquid water flux through the network, the flux through individual fracture segments, and the pressure head at each fracture segment. A unit hydraulic gradient was imposed on the network by applying fixed pressure head boundaries (ranging from -0.25 to 0.0 m of water) of equal value to the top and bottom. Saturation and permeability versus pressure head relations for the two sets of fractures were determined with the VSFRAC model, which assumed that aperture was variable within an individual fracture. Results showed that the spatial distributions of pressure head and flux within the network, as well as the location of the dominant pathways, depended strongly on the prescribed boundary pressure head. For the mixed network, both pressure head and flux tended to become more spatially uniform when the boundary pressure head approached the pressure head at which the permeability thickness products of the large- and small-aperture fractures are equal (the crossover pressure head). These results imply that for systems similar to the one considered here, interpretation of actual measurements of pressure head and flux may be quite complex, and that representation of variably saturated fracture networks as an equivalent continuum may be more valid for some ranges in pressure head than for others. Equivalent permeability as a function of pressure head was calculated for the fracture network, illustrating how information collected on individual fractures may be used to estimate the flow properties of rock at larger scales. RP KWICKLIS, EM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,BOX 25046 MS 421,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 39 TC 45 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 29 IS 12 BP 4091 EP 4102 DI 10.1029/93WR02348 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA ML118 UT WOS:A1993ML11800022 ER PT J AU TINER, RW AF TINER, RW TI THE PRIMARY INDICATORS METHOD - A PRACTICAL APPROACH TO WETLAND RECOGNITION AND DELINEATION IN THE UNITED-STATES (TINER 1993) - RESPONSE SO WETLANDS LA English DT Letter RP TINER, RW (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,REG 5,HADLEY,MA 01035, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 1993 VL 13 IS 4 BP 311 EP 311 PG 1 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MP634 UT WOS:A1993MP63400011 ER PT J AU TZILKOWSKI, WM STORM, GL AF TZILKOWSKI, WM STORM, GL TI DETECTING CHANGE USING REPEATED-MEASURES ANALYSIS - WHITE-TAILED DEER ABUNDANCE AT GETTYSBURG NATIONAL MILITARY PARK SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID POWER ANALYSIS; TRENDS; MODELS C1 PENN STATE UNIV,PENN COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,UNIV PK,PA 16802. RP TZILKOWSKI, WM (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,SCH FOREST RESOURCES,UNIV PK,PA 16802, USA. RI Storm, Gert/O-8696-2016 NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 1993 VL 21 IS 4 BP 411 EP 414 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA MY566 UT WOS:A1993MY56600005 ER PT J AU MCAULEY, DG GOLDSBERRY, JR LONGCORE, JR AF MCAULEY, DG GOLDSBERRY, JR LONGCORE, JR TI OMNIDIRECTIONAL AIRCRAFT ANTENNAS FOR AERIAL TELEMETRY SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,OFF MIGRATORY BIRD MANAGEMENT,LAUREL,MD 20708. RP MCAULEY, DG (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,NORTHEAST RES GRP,5768 S ANNEX A,ORONO,ME 04469, USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 1993 VL 21 IS 4 BP 487 EP 491 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA MY566 UT WOS:A1993MY56600017 ER PT J AU FANCY, SG SUGIHARA, RT JEFFREY, JJ JACOBI, JD AF FANCY, SG SUGIHARA, RT JEFFREY, JJ JACOBI, JD TI SITE-TENACITY OF THE ENDANGERED PALILA SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID MAUNA-KEA; ABUNDANCE; HAWAII; SIZE AB Strong Site tenacity might prevent Palila (Loxioides bailleui), an endangered Hawaiian honeycreeper, from repopulating favorable habitats in their former range. We used radio telemetry during the nonbreeding and breeding seasons to study movements and dispersal rates of 57 Palila. All Palila remained in the study area, and home range sizes and movement distances were small relative to the potential mobility of the species. Banding and nesting studies revealed that Palila show strong site tenacity. An inverse correlation between movements and elevation was related to an elevational gradient in food supply. Translocations of Palila into presently unoccupied areas in their range might speed the recovery of this endangered species. C1 USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,HILO,HI 96721. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,HAKALAU FOREST NWR,HILO,HI. RP FANCY, SG (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,HAWAII RES GRP,POB 44,HAWAII NATL PK,HI 96718, USA. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 105 IS 4 BP 587 EP 596 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA MP632 UT WOS:A1993MP63200003 ER PT J AU GANEY, JL BALDA, RP KING, RM AF GANEY, JL BALDA, RP KING, RM TI METABOLIC-RATE AND EVAPORATIVE WATER-LOSS OF MEXICAN-SPOTTED AND GREAT-HORNED OWLS SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE AB We measured rates of oxygen consumption and evaporative water loss (EWL) of Mexican Spotted (Strix occidentalis lucida) and Great Horned (Bubo virginianus) owls in Arizona. Basal metabolic rate averaged 0.84 ccO(2).g-(1).h-(1) for the Spotted Owl and 0.59 ccO(2).g-(1).h-(1) for the Great Horned Owl, with apparent thermoneutral zones extending from 17.0-25.2 degrees C for the Spotted Owl and 20.3-32.2 degrees C for the Great Horned Owl. EWL increased exponentially with ambient temperature in both species, but the Great Horned Owl showed a greater ability to dissipate metabolic heat production at high temperatures than did the Spotted Owl. Body temperature of Spotted Owls was significantly higher above than below the upper critical temperature (25.2 degrees C), whereas body temperature of Great Homed Owls did not differ significantly with ambient temperature. Gular flutter was first observed in Spotted Owls at 30 degrees C and in Great Horned Owls at 37 degrees C. The lower ability of the Spotted Owl to dissipate heat via evaporative cooling may partially explain its tendency to use habitats featuring cool microsites. C1 NO ARIZONA UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86011. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. NR 25 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 5 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 105 IS 4 BP 645 EP 656 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA MP632 UT WOS:A1993MP63200009 ER PT J AU NEAL, JC JAMES, DA MONTAGUE, WG JOHNSON, JE AF NEAL, JC JAMES, DA MONTAGUE, WG JOHNSON, JE TI EFFECTS OF WEATHER AND HELPERS ON SURVIVAL OF NESTLING RED-COCKADED WOODPECKERS SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article AB Non-breeding adult Red-cockaded Woodpeckers (Picoides borealis), termed helpers, participate in many aspects of the nesting cycle, including feeding nestlings. Typically, groups that include helpers exhibit a higher nesting success and hedge more young than groups lacking helpers. We studied Red-cockaded Woodpeckers in the Ouachita National Forest in Arkansas in 1991 and 1992. In 1992, at the peak of the woodpecker nestling stage, eight of 10 unexpected deaths of nestlings older than six days posthatch occurred during 15 consecutive days of abnormally low temperatures (as low as 9 degrees C) and elevated rainfall that reduced potential adult woodpecker foraging time by 26%. Altogether, during the abnormal weather of 1992, eight of nine nestlings survived in groups with helpers, whereas only seven of 14 survived in groups lacking helpers. In both years, woodpecker groups with helpers suffered fewer losses and hedged more young per nesting attempt (P = <0.001). C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT BIOL SCI,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. UNIV ARKANSAS,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ARKANSAS COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 105 IS 4 BP 666 EP 673 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA MP632 UT WOS:A1993MP63200011 ER PT J AU KINGSBURY, JA MILLER, CF WOODEN, JL HARRISON, TM AF KINGSBURY, JA MILLER, CF WOODEN, JL HARRISON, TM TI MONAZITE PARAGENESIS AND U-PB SYSTEMATICS IN ROCKS OF THE EASTERN MOJAVE DESERT, CALIFORNIA, USA - IMPLICATIONS FOR THERMOCHRONOMETRY SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Session on Geochemistry of Accessory Minerals as part of the 3rd V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY 08-10, 1992 CL RESTON, VA SP GEOCHEM SOC, ASSOC EXPLORAT GEOCHEMISTS, AMER CHEM SOC, DIV GEOCHEM, EUROPEAN ASSOC GEOCHEM, GEOCHEM SOC JAPAN, INT ASSOC GEOCHEM & COSMOCHEM, SOC ENVIRONM GEOCHEM & HLTH, US GEOL SURVEY ID ACCESSORY MINERALS; METAMORPHISM; MOUNTAINS; AGE; PLUTONISM; EVOLUTION; STABILITY; ARIZONA; WATER AB Studies of the paragenesis and U-Pb systematics of monazite in rocks from the eastern Mojave Desert, California, corroborate its potential usefulness as a prograde thermochronometer and in dating granite inheritance. Unmetamorphosed Latham Shale and its equivalents at grades ranging from greenschist to upper amphibolite facies are virtually identical in composition. Monazite is absent in the shale and low-grade schists, but it is abundant in schists at staurolite and higher grades. Lower-grade schists instead include minute Th- and Ce-oxides and unidentified Ce-poor LREE-phosphates that apparently are lower-temperature precursors to monazite. Thus monazite; originates when the pelite passes through lower-amphibolite-facies conditions. Monazites from three Upper Cretaceous granites yield ages that are strongly discordant. Upper intercepts of 1.6-1.7 Ga are similar to those defined by U-Pb data for coexisting zircons and coincide with a period of copious magmatism in the Mojave crust. As the host Upper Cretaceous granitic magmas were all above 700 degrees C, effective closure of the restitic monazites to Pb loss must be well in excess of this temperature. U-Pb compositions of monazite from Proterozoic granitoids and schist also indicate high Pb retentivity. Taken together, these studies support the suggestion that monazite can be an effective prograde thermochronometer. At least in pelites, it is not usually retained as a detrital mineral, but rather forms during moderate-temperature metamorphism. Its U-Pb system should not be reset by subsequent higher-grade metamorphism. C1 VANDERBILT UNIV,DEPT GEOL,NASHVILLE,TN 37235. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT EARTH & SPACE SCI,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. RI Harrison, Timothy/E-7443-2012; OI Kingsbury, James/0000-0003-4985-275X NR 57 TC 152 Z9 152 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD NOV 25 PY 1993 VL 110 IS 1-3 BP 147 EP 167 DI 10.1016/0009-2541(93)90251-D PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MR702 UT WOS:A1993MR70200009 ER PT J AU SORENSEN, SS GROSSMAN, JN AF SORENSEN, SS GROSSMAN, JN TI ACCESSORY MINERALS AND SUBDUCTION ZONE METASOMATISM - A GEOCHEMICAL COMPARISON OF 2 MELANGES (WASHINGTON AND CALIFORNIA, USA) SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Session on Geochemistry of Accessory Minerals as part of the 3rd V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY 08-10, 1992 CL RESTON, VA SP GEOCHEM SOC, ASSOC EXPLORAT GEOCHEMISTS, AMER CHEM SOC, DIV GEOCHEM, EUROPEAN ASSOC GEOCHEM, GEOCHEM SOC JAPAN, INT ASSOC GEOCHEM & COSMOCHEM, SOC ENVIRONM GEOCHEM & HLTH, US GEOL SURVEY ID CATALINA-SCHIST TERRANE; HIGH-PRESSURE; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; FRANCISCAN-COMPLEX; GARNET AMPHIBOLITES; ROCKS; MAGMAS; METAMORPHISM; TEMPERATURE; BLUESCHIST AB The ability of a subducted slab or subducted sediment to contribute many incompatible trace elements to arc source regions may depend on the stabilities of accessory minerals within these rocks, which can only be studied indirectly. In contrast, the role of accessory minerals in lower-T and -P metasomatic processes within paleo-subduction zones can be studied directly in subduction-zone metamorphic terranes. The Gee Point-Iron Mountain locality of the Shuksan Metamorphic Suite, North Cascades, Washington State, is a high-T melange of metamatic blocks in a matrix of meta-ultramafic rocks. This melange is similar in geologic setting and petrology to the upper part of an unnamed amphibolite unit of the Catalina Schist, Santa Catalina Island, southern California. Both are interpreted as shear zones between mantle and slab rocks that formed during the early stages of subduction. Some garnet amphibolite blocks from the Gee Point-Iron Mountain locality display trace-element enrichments similar to those in counterparts from the Catalina Schist. Some Catalina blocks are highly enriched in Th, rare-earth elements (REE), the high-field-strength elements Ti, Nh, Ta, Zr and Hf (HFSE), U and Sr compared to mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB), and to other garnet amphibolite blocks in the same unit. Textural and geochemical data indicate that accessory minerals of metamorphic origin control the enrichment of Th, REE and HFSE in blocks from both areas. The Mg-rich rinds around blocks and the meta-ultramafic matrix from both melanges are highly enriched in a large number of trace elements compared to harzburgites, dunites and serpentinites. Evidence for recrystallization or formation of accessory minerals in the former rocks suggests that these minerals control some of the trace-element enrichments. Data from the Gee Point and Catalina melanges suggest that the accessory minerals titanite, rutile, apatite, zircon and REE-rich epidote play a significant role in the enrichment of trace elements in both mafic and ultramafic rocks during subduction-related fluid-rock interaction. Mobilization of incompatible elements, and deposition of such elements in the accessory minerals of mafic and ultramafic rocks may be fairly common in fluid-rich metamorphic environments in subduction zones. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092. RP SORENSEN, SS (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSUEM NAT HIST,DEPT MINERAL SCI,NHB-119,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 61 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD NOV 25 PY 1993 VL 110 IS 1-3 BP 269 EP 297 DI 10.1016/0009-2541(93)90258-K PG 29 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MR702 UT WOS:A1993MR70200016 ER PT J AU CHADWICK, DJ SCHABER, GG AF CHADWICK, DJ SCHABER, GG TI IMPACT CRATER OUTFLOWS ON VENUS - MORPHOLOGY AND EMPLACEMENT MECHANISMS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID EJECTA EMPLACEMENT; MAGELLAN AB Many of the 932 impact craters discovered by the Magellan spacecraft at Venus art associated with lobate flows that originate at or near the crater rim. They extend for several to several hundred kilometers from the crater, and they commonly have a strong radar backscatter. A morphologic study of all identifiable crater outflows on Venus has revealed that many individual flows each consist of two areas, defined by distinct morphologic features. These two areas appear to represent two stages of deposition for each flow. The part of the flow that is generally deposited closest to the crater tends to be on the downrange side of the crater, flows in the downrange direction, and it is interpreted to be a late-stage ejecta. In many cases, this proximal part of the flow is too thin to completely bury the large blocks in subjacent ejecta deposits. Dendritic channels, present in many proximal flows, appear to have drained liquid from the proximal part in the downhill direction, and they debouch to feed the outer part of the flows. This distal part flows downhill, fills small grabens, and is ponded by ridges, behavior that mimics that of volcanic lava flows. The meandering and dendritic channels and the relation of the distal flows to topography strongly suggest that the distal portion is the result of coalescence and slow drainage of impact melt from the proximal portion. Impact melt forms a lining to the transient crater and mixes turbulently with solid clasts, and part of this mixture may be ejected to form the proximal part of the flow during the excavation stage of crater development. A statistical study of the Venusian craters has revealed that, in general, large craters produced by impacts with relatively low incidence angles to the surface are more likely to produce flows than small craters produced by higher-angle impacts. The greater flow production and downrange focusing of the proximal flows with decreasing incidence angle indicate a strong control of the flows by the impactor flight direction, and a high downrange velocity imparted to the proximal flow material in lower angle impacts. On the Moon, small flows interpreted to be composed of impact melt are observed atop the ejecta of large, fresh crates; on Earth, melt-rich suevite deposits form the uppermost layer of ejecta of some fresh craters. These features, albeit much smaller, may be analogous to the flows on Venus. Numerical models have predicted that larger volumes of impact melt would be produced on Venus than on the cooler terrestrial bodies due to high atmospheric and target temperatures, perhaps 3 times the volume produced on the Moon for a given crater diameter. RP CHADWICK, DJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,2255 N GEMINI DR,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001, USA. NR 29 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD NOV 25 PY 1993 VL 98 IS E11 BP 20891 EP 20902 DI 10.1029/93JE02605 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MJ713 UT WOS:A1993MJ71300006 ER PT J AU HINKLEY, TK AF HINKLEY, TK TI ROCK-FORMING METALS AND PB IN MODERN ALASKAN SNOW SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; GLOBAL ATMOSPHERE; GREENLAND SNOWS; LEAD; ICE; AEROSOL; PACIFIC; WATER; SOILS; FLOW AB Metal concentrations in annual and subannual increments of snowpack from the accumulation zone of a south central Alaska glacier indicate that the deposition of Pb with and upon snow is decoupled from that of rock dusts. Rock dusts accumulate, apparently as dry deposition, on the topmost, exposed surfaces of snowpacks in spring and summer, whereas Pb does not. Pb concentration is elevated throughout the latest one third of an annual snowpack, whereas that of rock dusts is not. For whole-year snowpacks, there is a generally sympathetic relationship among concentration of Pb, concentration of rock dust, degree of dominance of rock dusts over ocean solutes, and ferromagnesian character of the rock dusts; however, the fractional abundance of Pb in whole year samples may decrease when rock dust masses become large and/or when rock dusts dominate most strongly over salts. The metal suite chosen to characterize rock dusts and to distinguish them from ocean solutes gives detailed information about rock type of dust source areas and about the nature of the degraded rock products that are taken up, transported, and deposited by the atmosphere. Rock dusts are present at concentrations of only about 300 nanograms (ng) of dust per gram of snow in the Alaskan snowpacks. Concentrations of Pb in the Alaska snow samples are moderate, ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 ng Pb/g snow. This contrasts with larger Pb concentrations of 0.4 to 0.9 ng Pb/g snow in whole-year snowpack samples from the Sierra Nevada, California; with similar to smaller concentrations from north and south Greenland of about 0.04 ng Pb/g snow or less, and about 0.2 ng Pb/g snow or less, respectively, and with much smaller concentrations from Antarctica, now believed to range from a minimum of about 0.001 to a maximum of 0.005 (or 0.01) ng Pb/g snow. RP HINKLEY, TK (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, BOX 25046 FED CTR, DENVER, CO 80225 USA. NR 56 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 20 PY 1993 VL 98 IS D11 BP 20537 EP 20545 DI 10.1029/93JD02257 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MJ298 UT WOS:A1993MJ29800018 ER PT J AU KVENVOLDEN, KA LILLEY, MD LORENSON, TD BARNES, PW MCLAUGHLIN, E AF KVENVOLDEN, KA LILLEY, MD LORENSON, TD BARNES, PW MCLAUGHLIN, E TI THE BEAUFORT SEA CONTINENTAL-SHELF AS A SEASONAL SOURCE OF ATMOSPHERIC METHANE SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Methane concentrations in the Beaufort Sea under the winter ice canopy offshore from northern Alaska are 3 to 28 times greater than they are in late summer when the ice is absent in a similar region offshore from northern Canada where methane is in approximate equilibrium with the atmosphere. These observations suggest that methane concentrates in the water under the sea-ice cover during winter and ventilates rapidly in late summer as the ice melts and retreats. Conditions similar to those on the Beaufort Sea shelf likely exist on the much larger Siberian shelf, making the Arctic Ocean margin a possible seasonal, high-latitude, marine source of about 0.1 Tg yr-1 atmospheric methane. The small addition of methane likely contributes to the late-summer increase in atmospheric methane that is observed each year particularly in the northern hemisphere. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH OCEANOG,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP KVENVOLDEN, KA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS-999,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 28 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 19 PY 1993 VL 20 IS 22 BP 2459 EP 2462 DI 10.1029/93GL02727 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MJ641 UT WOS:A1993MJ64100012 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, JH DROPKIN, DS AF JOHNSON, JH DROPKIN, DS TI DIEL VARIATION IN DIET COMPOSITION OF A RIVERINE FISH COMMUNITY SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE FISH DIETS; RIVERINE; DIEL; PERIODICITY ID FOOD-HABITS; COMPETITION AB Although diel food habit studies have been undertaken on a number of individual species, few studies have examined diel variation in the diets of fish communities. We examined the diel diet Variation and feeding periodicity of a fish community in the Juniata River, Pennsylvania. Nine species, totalling 1,098 fish, were collected at 4-h intervals over a 24-h period in October 1989, in numbers sufficient to describe their diel variation in diet composition. Diel variation in diet composition was evident in all species, as no single prey taxon was dominant in the diet of any species during any 4-h interval. Ephemeropterans were the most important prey taxa for four species of centrarchids, whereas chironomids were the main prey of banded killifish, mimic shiners, and spotfin shiners. Algae was the major component in the diet of spottail shiners, whereas bluntnose minnows contained mostly detritus. Feeding activities of rock bass, redbreast sunfish, and pumpkinseed occurred at low levels throughout the day; peak feeding occurred from 2000 to 0400 hours. Food consumption of smallmouth bass increased throughout the day with peak consumption occurring at 2000 hours. Non-centrarchids fed little during daylight hours and showed peak activity at 2000-2400 h. Construction of a 24-hour diet from six 4-h interval estimates and feeding periodicity data provided a comprehensive representation of the diel feeding ecology of all species collected. RP JOHNSON, JH (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERY RES & DEV LAB,RURAL DELIVERY 4,BOX 63,WELLSBORO,PA 16901, USA. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD NOV 19 PY 1993 VL 271 IS 3 BP 149 EP 158 DI 10.1007/BF00005412 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA MV619 UT WOS:A1993MV61900003 ER PT J AU TEAR, TH SCOTT, JM HAYWARD, PH GRIFFITH, B AF TEAR, TH SCOTT, JM HAYWARD, PH GRIFFITH, B TI STATUS AND PROSPECTS FOR SUCCESS OF THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT - A LOOK AT RECOVERY PLANS SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID EXTINCTION C1 USFWS,FAIRBANKS,AK 99701. UNIV IDAHO,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,MOSCOW,ID 83843. RP TEAR, TH (reprint author), UNIV IDAHO,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE RESOURCES,MOSCOW,ID 83843, USA. NR 18 TC 105 Z9 112 U1 4 U2 26 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 12 PY 1993 VL 262 IS 5136 BP 976 EP 977 DI 10.1126/science.262.5136.976 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA MG187 UT WOS:A1993MG18700009 PM 17782035 ER PT J AU LINDH, AG AF LINDH, AG TI DID POPPER SOLVE HUME PROBLEM SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material RP LINDH, AG (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MAIL STOP 977,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 11 PY 1993 VL 366 IS 6451 BP 105 EP 106 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA MG216 UT WOS:A1993MG21600024 ER PT J AU HAUKSSON, E JONES, LM HUTTON, K EBERHARTPHILLIPS, D AF HAUKSSON, E JONES, LM HUTTON, K EBERHARTPHILLIPS, D TI THE 1992 LANDERS EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE - SEISMOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; MOJAVE-DESERT; TRANSVERSE RANGES; EASTERN CALIFORNIA; SHEAR ZONE; TECTONICS; MOUNTAINS; STRESS; SYSTEM AB The (M(W)6.1, 7.3, 6.2) 1992 Landers earthquakes began on April 23 with the M(W)6.1 1992 Joshua Tree preshock and form the most substantial earthquake sequence to occur in California in the last 40 years. This sequence ruptured almost 100 km of both surficial and concealed faults and caused aftershocks over an area 100 km wide by 180 km long. The faulting was predominantly strike slip and three main events in the sequence had unilateral rupture to the north away from the San Andreas fault. The M(W)6.1 Joshua Tree preshock at 33-degrees-N58' and 116-degrees-W19' on 0451 UT April 23 was preceded by a lightly clustered foreshock sequence (M less-than-or-equal-to 4.6) beginning 2 hours before the mainshock and followed by a large aftershock sequence with more than 6000 aftershocks. The aftershocks extended along a northerly trend from about 10 km north of the San Andreas fault, northwest of Indio, to the east-striking Pinto Mountain fault. The M(W)7.3 Landers mainshock occurred at 34-degrees-N13' and 116-degrees-W26' at 1158 UT, June 28, 1992, and was preceded for 12 hours by 25 small M less-than-or-equal-to 3 earthquakes at the mainshock epicenter. The distribution of more than 20,000 aftershocks, analyzed in this study, and short-period focal mechanisms illuminate a complex sequence of faulting. The aftershocks extend 60 km to the north of the mainshock epicenter along a system of -at least five different surficial faults, and 40 km to the south, crossing the Pinto Mountain fault through the Joshua Tree aftershock zone towards the San Andreas fault near Indio. The rupture initiated in the depth range of 3-6 km, similar to previous M approximately 5 earthquakes in the region, although the maximum depth of aftershocks is about 15 km. The mainshock focal mechanism showed right-lateral strike-slip faulting with a strike of N10-degrees-W on an almost vertical fault. The rupture formed an arclike zone well defined by both surficial faulting and aftershocks, with more westerly faulting to the north. This change in strike is accomplished by jumping across dilational jogs connecting surficial faults with strikes rotated progressively to the west. A 20-km-long linear cluster of aftershocks occurred 10-20 km north of Barstow, or 30-40 km north of the end of the mainshock rupture. The most prominent off-fault aftershock cluster occurred 30 km to the west of the Landers mainshock. The largest aftershock was within this cluster, the M(W)6.2 Big Bear aftershock occurring at 34-degrees-N10' and 116-degrees-W49' at 1505 UT June 28. It exhibited left-lateral strike-slip faulting on a northeast striking and steeply dipping plane. The Big Bear aftershocks form a linear trend extending 20 km to the northeast with a scattered distribution to the north. The Landers mainshock occurred near the southernmost extent of the Eastern California Shear Zone, an 80-km-wide, more than 400-km-long zone of deformation. This zone extends into the Death Valley region and accommodates about 10 to 20% of the plate motion between the Pacific and North American plates. The Joshua Tree preshock, its aftershocks, and Landers aftershocks form a previously missing link that connects the Eastern California Shear Zone to the southern San Andreas fault. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,PASADENA,CA 91106. RP HAUKSSON, E (reprint author), CALTECH,DIV GEOL & PLANETARY SCI,SEISMOL LAB,PASADENA,CA 91125, USA. NR 41 TC 141 Z9 142 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD NOV 10 PY 1993 VL 98 IS B11 BP 19835 EP 19858 DI 10.1029/93JB02384 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MG708 UT WOS:A1993MG70800023 ER PT J AU INGEBRITSEN, SE ROJSTACZER, SA AF INGEBRITSEN, SE ROJSTACZER, SA TI CONTROLS ON GEYSER PERIODICITY SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR SIMULATION; DOMINATED HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; EARTHQUAKES; CALIFORNIA; WELLS AB Geyser eruption frequency is not constant over time and has been shown to vary with small (less-than-or-equal-to 10(-6)) strains induced by seismic events, atmospheric loading, and Earth tides. The geyser system is approximated as a permeable conduit of intensely fractured rock surrounded by a less permeable rock matrix. Numerical simulation of this conceptual model yields a set of parameters that controls geyser existence and periodicity. Much of the responsiveness to remote seismicity and other small strains in the Earth can be explained in terms of variations in permeability and lateral recharge rates. C1 DUKE UNIV,DEPT GEOL,DURHAM,NC 27708. RP INGEBRITSEN, SE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 22 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 5 PY 1993 VL 262 IS 5135 BP 889 EP 892 DI 10.1126/science.262.5135.889 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA MF438 UT WOS:A1993MF43800032 PM 17757358 ER PT J AU JOHNSSON, MJ HOWELL, DG BIRD, KJ AF JOHNSSON, MJ HOWELL, DG BIRD, KJ TI THERMAL MATURITY PATTERNS IN ALASKA - IMPLICATIONS FOR TECTONIC EVOLUTION AND HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Article ID VITRINITE REFLECTANCE; ORGANIC METAMORPHISM; NORTH-AMERICA; COOK INLET; BASIN; MATURATION; KEROGEN; MODEL; TEMPERATURE; GENERATION AB Nearly 10,000 vitrinite reflectance and conodont color alteration index determinations from sedimentary rocks in Alaska were used to produce a thermal maturity map of rocks exposed at the surface and to evaluate subsurface thermal maturity relations in the Colville and Cook Inlet basins. Rocks exposed at the surface of the Tertiary interior basins and in the Aleutian forearc and backarc basins uniformly are of very low thermal maturity, indicating that these basins are at or near maximum burial, have seen little uplift and exhumation, and are probably thermally immature with respect to hydrocarbon generation. In contrast, many sedimentary basins show elevated levels of thermal maturity at the surface, with the highest values at basin margins. This geometry suggests a pattern of greater uplift along basin margins, possibly reflecting isostatic readjustments as crustal loads are removed by erosion. We investigated thermal maturity relations in three sedimentary basins (Colville, Cook Inlet, and Kandik) in more detail. Thermal maturity patterns in the Colville basin are broadly asymmetric, indicating systematic differential uplift ranging from a minimum of no uplift in the north (Point Thomson area) to 9-13 km of uplift and exhumation in the central Brooks Range; even greater uplift further to the south is indicated by the presence of greenschist facies and higher grade metamorphic rocks. This pattern may reflect the deflexing of the lithosphere subsequent to the principal episode(s) of crustal convergence and thickening. These patterns further suggest a similar thermal history for the proximal Colville basin and the northern foothills belt, suggesting the possibility of hydrocarbon accumulations in the foothills. Thermal maturity isograds within the Brooks Range cut major thrust faults, indicating that maximum burial postdated the principal phases of thrusting. In contrast, isograds in the foothills belt to the north are warped broadly by local structure, indicating continued north-south shortening subsequent to maximum burial. Such deformation could have remobilized hydrocarbons in early traps. A broad southward extension of thermally immature rocks in the central portions of the foothills belt suggests relatively young east-west shortening (parallel to the strike of the orogene), a feature that to date has not been included in regional tectonic syntheses. Alternatively, the thermal maturity pattern could be explained by tectonically unrelated episodes of uplift in the eastern and western parts of the Brooks Range. In the Cook Inlet basin, vitrinite reflectance isograds also are indicative of relatively greater uplift at the basin margins than at the basin center, which appears to be presently at its maximum burial depth. Uplift in the Cook Inlet basin may reflect compression along the faults bounding the basin. Relatively high thermal maturity along the western margin of the basin also may reflect magmatic heat sources from the Alaska Peninsula-Aleutian volcanic arc. The Seldovia arch, a major structural feature of the basin, does not appear to deform vitrinite reflectance isograds, implying that deformation on that structure ceased prior to maximum burial. In the Kandik basin, a thermal maturity anomaly (thermally mature younger rocks in fault contact with thermally immature older rocks) provides clues to the nature and timing of east-west thrusting. Mesozoic foreland basin deposits associated with thrusting buried Paleozoic rocks of the easternmost part of this fold-and-thrust belt to relatively shallow depths, driving potential hydrocarbon source rocks into the oil-generation window. The western foreland basin deposits were overridden by advancing thrusts, and tectonically buried to as deep as 10 km. These disparate thermal domains are juxtaposed along the Glenn Creek fault, which may represent a terrane boundary in east-central Alaska. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 92 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 77 IS 11 BP 1874 EP 1903 PG 30 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MH591 UT WOS:A1993MH59100003 ER PT J AU NEWELL, KD BURRUSS, RC PALACAS, JG AF NEWELL, KD BURRUSS, RC PALACAS, JG TI THERMAL MATURATION AND ORGANIC RICHNESS OF POTENTIAL PETROLEUM SOURCE ROCKS IN PROTEROZOIC RICE FORMATION, NORTH-AMERICAN MIDCONTINENT RIFT SYSTEM, NORTHEASTERN KANSAS SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Article ID MIDCONTINENT RIFT; COPPER MINERALIZATION; NONESUCH FORMATION; FLUID INCLUSIONS; WHITE-PINE; TEMPERATURE; PYROLYSIS; MICHIGAN; CALCITE; CEMENTS AB A recent well in northeastern Kansas penetrated 296 ft (90.2 m) of dark gray siltstone in the Precambrian Mid-Continent rift (Proterozoic Rice Formation). Correlations indicate this unit may be as thick as 600 ft (183 m) and is possibly time-equivalent to the Nonesuch Shale (Middle Proterozoic) in the Lake Superior region. The upper half of this unit qualifies as a lean source rock (averaging 0.66 wt. % TOC), and organic matter in it is in the transition stage between oil and wet gas generation. The presence of the gray siltstone in this well and similar lithologies in other wells is encouraging because it indicates that source rock deposition may be common along the Mid-Continent rift, and that parts of the rift may remain thermally within the oil and gas window. Microscopic examination of calcite veins penetrating the dark gray siltstone reveals numerous oil-filled and subordinate aqueous fluid inclusions. Homogenization temperatures indicate these rocks have been subjected to temperature of at least 110-115-degrees-C (230-239-degrees-F). Burial during the Phanerozoic is inadequate to account for the homogenization temperatures and thermal maturity of the Precambrian rocks. With the present geothermal gradient, at least 8250 ft (2.5 km) of burial is necessary, but lesser burial may be likely with probably higher geothermal gradients during rifting. Fluorescence colors and gas chromatograms indicate compositions of oils in the fluid inclusions vary. However, oils in the fluid inclusions are markedly dissimilar to the nearest oils produced from Paleozoic rocks. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. RP NEWELL, KD (reprint author), UNIV KANSAS,KANSAS GEOL SURVEY,1930 CONSTANT AVE,CAMPUS W,LAWRENCE,KS 66047, USA. NR 64 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 77 IS 11 BP 1922 EP 1941 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MH591 UT WOS:A1993MH59100005 ER PT J AU JUVIK, JO NULLET, D BANKO, P HUGHES, K AF JUVIK, JO NULLET, D BANKO, P HUGHES, K TI FOREST CLIMATOLOGY NEAR THE TREE LINE IN HAWAII SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAUNA-LOA AB One year of climatological measurements in a high elevation forest on the island of Hawai'i are analyzed to partially characterize the habitat of the palila bird, an endangered Hawaiian honeycreeper. At 2600 m, the site lies below the tree line, above the usual level of the trade wind inversion, and is strongly influenced by the diurnal thermal wind regime. The interaction of inversion, thermal circulation, and surface climate is documented for solar radiation, air and soil temperatures, humidity, wind direction and speed, rainfall, cloud water collection, and canopy throughfall. A comparison of air temperature, humidity, and soil temperature measurements between an open air site and beneath the canopy of an isolated mamane tree showed little difference, except that extremes in soil temperature were much greater in the open. Tree canopy throughfall exceeded open area rainfall during fog dominated precipitation events. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,HAWAII RES GRP,VOLCANO,HI 96718. RP JUVIK, JO (reprint author), UNIV HAWAII,DEPT GEOG,HILO,HI 96720, USA. NR 20 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 66 IS 3-4 BP 159 EP 172 DI 10.1016/0168-1923(93)90068-S PG 14 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MH018 UT WOS:A1993MH01800003 ER PT J AU MANNING, CE INGEBRITSEN, SE BIRD, DK AF MANNING, CE INGEBRITSEN, SE BIRD, DK TI MISSING MINERAL ZONES IN CONTACT METAMORPHOSED BASALTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID JOIN TREMOLITE-TSCHERMAKITE; SKAERGAARD INTRUSION; EAST GREENLAND; OXYGEN-ISOTOPE; FLUID-FLOW; LAYERED SERIES; QUADRILATERAL PYROXENES; HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION; THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES AB We describe an extreme example of the kinetic controls on the contact metamorphism of basalts in which a predicted mineral zone is missing. In the metabasalts that host the Skaergaard intrusion in East Greenland, a high-grade pyroxene hornfels (the pyroxene zone) is in contact with a low-grade greenschist-facies mineral assemblage (the actinolite + chlorite zone). Hornblende-bearing assemblages are absent, and there is no evidence that they ever formed. The boundary between the two mineral zones occurs at 250 m from the contact and records an abrupt change in metamorphic temperature as well as mineral assemblage and texture. Mineral assemblages for the high-grade rocks reflect peak metamorphic temperatures that decreased from similar to 900 degrees C at the contact to similar to 800 degrees C at 250 m. Beyond this distance, the greenschist-facies mineral assemblages replacing relict igneous minerals suggest temperatures of 300 degrees to 550 degrees C. Numerical simulations of heat and fluid flow for a model approximating the geometry of the Skaergaard magma-hydrothermal system reproduce the peak temperatures observed within 100 m of the contact only for basalt permeabilities of less than or equal to similar to 10(-16) m(2). Whole-rock delta(18)O values suggest cumulative fluid fluxes that require basalt permeability greater than or equal to 10(-16) m(2). The thermometry and isotopic data thus combine to constrain permeability to have been similar to 10(-16) m(2). The abrupt change in metamorphic temperatures inferred from the mineral assemblages was not predicted in the simulations, implying that the 250 m boundary was caused by reaction kinetics. If metamorphic reactions had proceeded such that chemical equilibrium was approached closely, the formation of hornblende should have occurred at similar to 550C. For a permeability of 10(-16) m(2), this temperature was overstepped by similar to 80 degrees C at 250 m when peak temperatures were attained in the simulations. The extent of oxygen isotope alteration suggests transport processes were not rate limiting, and dissolution of the most refractory mineral, clinopyroxene, would have been too rapid to explain the missing mineral zone. Using equations describing temperature oversteps required to achieve observable nucleation rates, we show that the low entropy changes of model metamorphic reactions involving hornblende formation imply that large oversteps of hornblende nucleation reactions are possible and that hornblende nucleation was rate limiting. Missing mineral zones appear to characterize basaltic contact aureoles where the protolith was unaltered, and metamorphism was not progressive. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. STANFORD UNIV,DEPT GEOL,STANFORD,CA 94305. RP MANNING, CE (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT EARTH & SPACE SCI,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024, USA. RI Manning, Craig/A-1118-2009 OI Manning, Craig/0000-0002-1463-3701 NR 114 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 7 PU KLINE GEOLOGY LABORATORY PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520 SN 0002-9599 J9 AM J SCI JI Am. J. Sci. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 293 IS 9 BP 894 EP 938 PG 45 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MG727 UT WOS:A1993MG72700002 ER PT J AU NIELSON, JE WILSHIRE, HG AF NIELSON, JE WILSHIRE, HG TI MAGMA TRANSPORT AND METASOMATISM IN THE MANTLE - A CRITICAL-REVIEW OF CURRENT GEOCHEMICAL MODELS SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Review ID MELT SEGREGATION; LHERZOLITE XENOLITHS; PERIDOTITE COMPLEX; 30 KILOBARS; INFILTRATION; AMPHIBOLE; VEINS; WATER; ROCK; GENERATION AB Conflicting geochemical models of metasomatic interactions between mantle peridotite and melt all assume that mantle reactions reflect chromatographic processes. Examination of field, petrological, and compositional data suggests that the hypothesis of chromatographic fractionation based on the supposition of large-scale percolative processes (Navon and Stolper, 1987) needs review and revision. In the hypothesis, melts develop enrichment fronts of incompatible elements as the melt percolates through a porous mantle column of refractory peridotite composition and imprint the fractionation patterns on peridotite elsewhere. Current models that use Navon and Stolper's (1987) chromatographic fractionation concept are applied to rocks of the Lherz and Horoman massifs. The calculations produce poor or limited results for the sequence of compositional variations in time and space, and the assumptions do not accord with field relations and estimates of mantle conditions from experiments. In the Lherz model, modest LREE enrichments require melt percolation for as long as 25000 yr, an unrealistic life span for mantle dike conduits that supply metasomatizing melts. Continuous porous flow of melts also requires host peridotite temperatures at or above the liquidus. Models of regional pervasive porous flow conflict with structural and seismic evidence that fractures control fluid transportation in the upper mantle. Effects of porous-medium flow have been inferred in studies of mantle peridotite samples on scales of tens of meters at most, but are well documented only on scales of centimeters or decimeters. In all these hypotheses, porous flow is fundamentally controlled by proximity to magma-filled fractures. Well-constrained rock and mineral data from xenoliths indicate that many elements that behave incompatibly in equilibrium crystallization processes are absorbed immediately when melts emerge from conduits into depleted peridotite. After reacting to equilibrium with the peridotite, melt that percolates away from the conduit is largely depleted of incompatible elements. Continued addition of melts extends the zone of equilibrium farther from the conduit. Such a process resembles ion-exchange chromatography for H2O purification, rather than the model of chromatographic species separation proposed by Navon and Stolper (1987). RP US GEOL SURVEY, 345 MIDDLEFIELD RD, MS 975, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. NR 81 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 4 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X EI 1945-3027 J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 78 IS 11-12 BP 1117 EP 1134 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA MN394 UT WOS:A1993MN39400001 ER PT J AU ROSENBAUER, RJ BISCHOFF, JL POTTER, JM AF ROSENBAUER, RJ BISCHOFF, JL POTTER, JM TI A FLEXIBLE AU-IR CELL WITH QUICK ASSEMBLY FOR HYDROTHERMAL EXPERIMENTS SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article AB We describe a new flexible reaction cell for high-temperature and high-pressure experiments in hydrothermal apparatus. The interior of the cell is all Au, except for two inert Ir gaskets. The design features an all Au cap that can be easily and rapidly assembled and disassembled. The capacity of the cell is approximately 240 mL, with a height of 20 cm and an o.d. of 6 cm. C1 CORETEST SYST INC,MT VIEW,CA 94041. RP ROSENBAUER, RJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1130 17TH ST NW SUITE 330, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 78 IS 11-12 BP 1286 EP 1289 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA MN394 UT WOS:A1993MN39400017 ER PT J AU LOVLEY, DR WIDMAN, PK WOODWARD, JC PHILLIPS, EJP AF LOVLEY, DR WIDMAN, PK WOODWARD, JC PHILLIPS, EJP TI REDUCTION OF URANIUM BY CYTOCHROME-C(3) OF DESULFOVIBRIO-VULGARIS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; SULFUR; DESULFURICANS; HEMOPROTEINS; SPHAEROIDES; EXPRESSION; NITRATE AB The mechanism for U(VI) reduction by Desulfovibrio vulgaris (Hildenborough) was investigated. The H-2-dependent U(VI) reductase activity in the soluble fraction of the cells was lost when the soluble fraction was passed over a cationic exchange column which extracted cytochrome c3. Addition of cytochrome c3 back to the soluble fraction that had been passed over the cationic exchange column restored the U(VI)-reducing capacity. Reduced cytochrome C3 WaS oxidized by U(VI), as was a c-type cytochrome(s) in whole-cell suspensions. When cytochrome c3 was combined with hydrogenase, its physiological electron donor, U(VI) was reduced in the presence of H-2. Hydrogenase alone could not reduce U(VI). Rapid U(VI) reduction was followed by a subsequent slow precipitation of the U(IV) mineral uraninite. Cytochrome c, reduced U(VI) in a uranium-contaminated surface water and groundwater. Cytochrome c3 provides the first enzyme model for the reduction and biomineralization of uranium in sedimentary environments. Furthermore, the finding that cytochrome c3 can catalyze the reductive precipitation of uranium may aid in the development of fixed-enzyme reactors and/or organisms with enhanced U(VI)-reducing capacity -for the bioremediation of uranium-contaminated waters and waste streams. RP LOVLEY, DR (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,430 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 31 TC 197 Z9 204 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 59 IS 11 BP 3572 EP 3576 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA ME660 UT WOS:A1993ME66000008 PM 8285665 ER PT J AU EGANHOUSE, RP BAEDECKER, MJ COZZARELLI, IM AIKEN, GR THORN, KA DORSEY, TF AF EGANHOUSE, RP BAEDECKER, MJ COZZARELLI, IM AIKEN, GR THORN, KA DORSEY, TF TI CRUDE-OIL IN A SHALLOW SAND AND GRAVEL AQUIFER .2. ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Crude oil spilled from a pipeline break in a remote area of north-central Minnesota has contaminated a shallow glacial outwash aquifer. Part of the oil was sprayed over a large area to the west of the pipeline and part of it accumulated in an oil body that floats at the water table to the east of the point of discharge. Total dissolved organic carbon (TDOC) concentrations in shallow groundwater collected in the oil spray area reach 16 mg/l. This is nearly an order of magnitude higher than the TDOC concentrations of native groundwater (approximately 2-3 mg/l). The additional TDOC derives from the partial degradation of petroleum residues deposited at the land surface and transported to the aquifer by vertical recharge. In the vicinity of the oil body, TDOC concentrations in groundwater are 48 mg/l, 58% of the TDOC being composed of non-volatile organic C. The majority of the volatile DOC (63%) is a mixture of low-molecular-weight saturated, aromatic and alicyclic hydrocarbons derived from the oil. Downgradient from the oil body along the direction of groundwater flow, concentrations of all measured constituents of the TDOC pool decrease. Concentrations begin to decline most rapidly, however, in the zone where dissolved O2 concentrations begin to increase, approximately 50 m downgradient from the leading edge of the oil. Within the anoxic zone near the oil body, removal rates of isomeric monoaromatic hydrocarbons vary widely. This indicates that the removal processes are mediated mainly by microbiological activity. Molecular and spectroscopic characterization of the TDOC and its spatial and temporal variation provide evidence of the importance of biogeochemical processes in attenuating petroleum contaminants in this perturbed subsurface environment. RP EGANHOUSE, RP (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,NATL CTR 432,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 0 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 8 IS 6 BP 551 EP 567 DI 10.1016/0883-2927(93)90013-7 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MD979 UT WOS:A1993MD97900002 ER PT J AU BAEDECKER, MJ COZZARELLI, IM EGANHOUSE, RP SIEGEL, DI BENNETT, PC AF BAEDECKER, MJ COZZARELLI, IM EGANHOUSE, RP SIEGEL, DI BENNETT, PC TI CRUDE-OIL IN A SHALLOW SAND AND GRAVEL AQUIFER .3. BIOGEOCHEMICAL REACTIONS AND MASS-BALANCE MODELING IN ANOXIC GROUNDWATER SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Crude oil floating on the water table in a sand and gravel aquifer provides a constant source of hydrocarbons to the groundwater at a site near Bemidji, Minnesota. The degradation of hydrocarbons affects the concentrations of oxidized and reduced aqueous species in the anoxic part of the contaminant plume that developed downgradient from the oil body. The concentrations of Fe2+, Mn2+ and CH4, Eh measurements, and the deltaC-13 ratios of the total inorganic C indicate that the plume became more reducing over a 5-a period. However, the size of the contaminant plume remained stable during this time. Field data coupled with laboratory microcosm experiments indicate that benzene and the alkylbenzenes are degraded in an anoxic environment. In anaerobic microcosm experiments conducted under field conditions, almost complete degradation (98%) was observed for benzene in 125 d and for toluene in 45 d. Concentrations of aqueous Fe2+ and Mn2+ increased in these experiments, indicating that the primary reactions were hydrocarbon degradation coupled with Fe and Mn reduction. Mass transfer calculations on a 40-m flowpath in the anoxic zone, downgradient from the oil body, indicated that the primary reactions in the anoxic zone are oxidation of organic compounds, precipitation of siderite and a ferroan calcite, dissolution of iron oxide and outgassing of CH4 and CO2. The major difference in the two models presented is the ratio of CO2 and CH4 that outgasses. Both models indicate quantitatively that large amounts of Fe are dissolved and reprecipitated as ferrous iron in the anoxic zone of the contaminant plume. RP BAEDECKER, MJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR 431,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. OI Cozzarelli, Isabelle/0000-0002-5123-1007 NR 0 TC 203 Z9 211 U1 3 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 8 IS 6 BP 569 EP 586 DI 10.1016/0883-2927(93)90014-8 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MD979 UT WOS:A1993MD97900003 ER PT J AU STORM, GL YAHNER, RH BELLIS, ED AF STORM, GL YAHNER, RH BELLIS, ED TI VERTEBRATE ABUNDANCE AND WILDLIFE HABITAT SUITABILITY NEAR THE PALMERTON ZINC SMELTERS, PENNSYLVANIA SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINATION; STANDS; COMMUNITIES; EMISSIONS; RESPONSES; FORESTS; SOIL AB Wild vertebrates associated with habitats affected by two zinc smelters near Palmerton, Pennsylvania, were surveyed in 1986 and 1987. The objectives were to estimate abundance and distribution of vertebrate fauna, and to determine habitat suitability for 10 species of vertebrates at locations adjacent to and up to 15 km from the smelters. Sixteen species of amphibians and 51 species of birds were identified during surveys in April-July. The highest diversity of amphibians and birds occurred at habitats more than 5 km upwind or 5 km downwind of the smelters, whereas only a few species were observed or captured in areas within 5 km of the smelters where vegetation was minimal or absent. White-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) and southern red-backed voles (Clethrionomys gapperi) were captured during August 19-29, 1986. Mean capture rates were markedly higher at upwind and downwind sites compared with sites close to the smelters. Habitat unit scores for 10 indicator species, based on standard habitat evaluation procedures, were lowest at sites closest to the smelters. The lack of plant cover and generally low quality habitat were associated with the depauperate vertebrate community within 5 km of the zinc smelters. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,SCH FOREST RESOURCES,UNIV PK,PA 16802. PENN STATE UNIV,INTERCOLL GRAD PROGRAM ECOL,UNIV PK,PA 16802. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,UNIV PK,PA 16802. PENN STATE UNIV,INTERCOLL GRAD PROGRAM ECOL,UNIV PK,PA 16802. RP STORM, GL (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,PENN COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,UNIV PK,PA 16802, USA. RI Storm, Gert/O-8696-2016 NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 25 IS 4 BP 428 EP 437 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA LY153 UT WOS:A1993LY15300003 ER PT J AU SCHMITT, CJ WILDHABER, ML HUNN, JB NASH, T TIEGER, MN STEADMAN, BL AF SCHMITT, CJ WILDHABER, ML HUNN, JB NASH, T TIEGER, MN STEADMAN, BL TI BIOMONITORING OF LEAD-CONTAMINATED MISSOURI STREAMS WITH AN ASSAY FOR ERYTHROCYTE DELTA-AMINOLEVULINIC-ACID DEHYDRATASE ACTIVITY IN FISH BLOOD SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALA-D ACTIVITY; MINE TAILINGS; WHOLE-BLOOD; EXPOSURE; LEVEL; ACCUMULATION; INGESTION; CADMIUM; IDAHO; LIVER AB The activity of the enzyme 8-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) in erythrocytes has long been used as a biomarker of lead exposure in humans and waterfowl and, more recently, in fishes. The assay was tested for ALA-D activity in fishes from streams affected by lead in combination with other metals from lead-zinc mining and related activities. Fishes (mostly catostomids) were collected from sites affected by historic and current mining activities, and from sites considered to be unaffected by mining (reference sites). A group of potentially toxic elements was measured in blood and carcass samples of individual fish, as were ALA-D activity, total protein (TP), and hemoglobin (Hb) in blood. Concentrations of mining-related metals (lead, zinc, and cadmium) were significantly greater (P < 0.05) in fish blood and carcass at sites affected by historic mining activities than at reference and active mining sites. When analyzed by multiple regression, ALA-D activity, Hb, and TP accounted for 66% of blood-lead and 69% of carcass-lead variability. Differences among species were small. ALA-D activity as a biomarker adequately distinguished sites affected by bioavailable environmental lead. Zinc was the only other metal that affected ALA-D activity; it appeared to ameliorate the inactivation of ALA-D by lead. C1 NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES CTR,COLUMBIA,MO 65201. COLUMBIA MISSOURI FIELD OFF,COLUMBIA,MO 65201. RP SCHMITT, CJ (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,4200 NEW HAVEN RD,COLUMBIA,MO 65201, USA. NR 43 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 25 IS 4 BP 464 EP 475 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA LY153 UT WOS:A1993LY15300007 ER PT J AU HALL, RD SHROBA, RR AF HALL, RD SHROBA, RR TI SOILS DEVELOPED IN THE GLACIAL DEPOSITS OF THE TYPE AREAS OF THE PINEDALE AND BULL LAKE GLACIATIONS, WIND RIVER RANGE, WYOMING, USA SO ARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MOUNTAINS; MORAINES; BASIN; USA AB The degree of soil development in glacial deposits in the Fremont Lake area (FLA) and Bull Lake type area (BLTA) on opposite sides of the Wind River Range of western Wyoming is chiefly influenced by the ages of the parent materials although other soil-forming factors are important. Soil morphology, clay content, and calcium carbonate content are useful in distinguishing moraines of the Bull Lake glaciation (about 140 to 150 ka) from those of the Pinedale glaciation (about 14 to 35 ka) in these areas. In the FLA, soils in Bull Lake deposits have an average Profile Development Index (PDI) of 39 index-cm and average 15% clay and 7% calcium carbonate (CaCO3), and soils in Pinedale deposits have an average PDI of 25 index-cm and average 6% clay and 1% CaCO3. In the BLTA, soils in Bull Lake deposits have an average PDI of 26 index-cm and average 12% clay and 17% CaCO3, and soils in Pinedale deposits have an average PDI of 20 index-cm and average 9% clay and 11% CaCO3. Differences in soils of the same age between the two areas permit an evaluation of the influences of climate, texture and composition of the parent material, and surface erosion. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. RP HALL, RD (reprint author), INDIANA UNIV PURDUE UNIV,DEPT GEOL,723 W MICHIGAN ST,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46202, USA. NR 27 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 SN 0004-0851 J9 ARCTIC ALPINE RES JI Arct. Alp. Res. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 25 IS 4 BP 368 EP 373 DI 10.2307/1551919 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography GA MJ165 UT WOS:A1993MJ16500008 ER PT J AU GILLETTE, DA BODHAINE, BA MACKINNON, D AF GILLETTE, DA BODHAINE, BA MACKINNON, D TI TRANSPORT AND DEPOSITION OF DESERT DUST IN THE KAFIRNIGAN RIVER VALLEY (TAJIKISTAN) FROM SHAARTUZ TO ESANBAY - MEASUREMENTS AND A SIMPLE-MODEL SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Article DE DEPOSITION; TRANSPORT; DUST; DEPOSITION VELOCITY; CENTRAL ASIA ID FIELD AB A model of deposition and transport was constructed for the Kafirnigan Valley, in Soviet Central Asia. Data, consisting of deposition measurements at Shaartuz, atmospheric columnar mass, aerosol concentrations, wind speed, optical scattering, and movement of soil, were collected for the dust storms of 16 and 20 September 1989. Results from the model were compared with measurements of total atmospheric columnar mass loading for the dust storm of 16 September. Although sensitivity of the model to dust layer height does not recommend the model for general use, the model has some merit in predicting transport and deposition for dust contained in a river valley. C1 NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,RE CG,BOULDER,CO 80303. USGS,ASTROGEOL SECT,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001. RP GILLETTE, DA (reprint author), NOAA,AIR RESOURCES LAB,AEROSOLS RES SECT,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PD NOV PY 1993 VL 27 IS 16 BP 2545 EP 2552 DI 10.1016/0960-1686(93)90028-W PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MJ816 UT WOS:A1993MJ81600012 ER PT J AU LIU, ZM PATINO, R AF LIU, ZM PATINO, R TI HIGH-AFFINITY BINDING OF PROGESTERONE TO THE PLASMA-MEMBRANE OF XENOPUS-OOCYTES - CHARACTERISTICS OF BINDING AND HORMONAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL CONTROL SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID GERMINAL VESICLE BREAKDOWN; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; LAEVIS OOCYTES; MEIOTIC MATURATION; ADENYLATE-CYCLASE; AMPHIBIAN OOCYTES; STEROID-RECEPTOR; RANA-DYBOWSKII; CYCLIC-AMP; INDUCTION AB Progesterone induces maturation of the amphibian oocyte through its action on the plasma membrane. However, whether or not this action requires high-affinity binding to a specific receptor is unclear. In this study, the binding activity of progesterone was characterized in plasma membranes from whole ovaries or defolliculated oocytes of Xenopus laevis. Membrane-bound, radiolabeled progesterone was isolated by filtration of membrane suspensions and quantified by liquid scintillation. The association of progesterone to membrane preparations reached equilibrium within 15 min. Progesterone binding activity was directly proportional to the sample concentration, was significantly reduced by trypsin digestion, and was pH-dependent and temperature-sensitive. Also, binding activity was observed in membrane preparations from whole ovaries and defolliculated oocytes but not in diose from somatic cells, indicating that progesterone binding is restricted to the oocyte membrane. Scatchard analysis indicated a single class of high-affinity (average K(D), 10(-9) M), low-capacity (average concentration, 10(-12) mol/mg protein) binding sites for progesterone in atl oocyte membrane preparations tested. Progesterone binding activity was also detected in preparations from albino frog ovaries, indicating that the binding activity is not an artifact of melanin contamination. Competition studies showed the following order of affinities: progesterone > pregnenolone > 17alpha,20beta,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one > 11-deoxy-corticosterone > 17alpha,20beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one > 11-deoxycortisol > estradiol > R5020 > testosterone > corticosterone > aldosterone > cortisol > androstenedione > ouabain. Experiments using radiolabeled R5020 as primary ligand showed low levels of specific binding and a different pattern of steroid competition, indicating that the membrane receptor for progesterone in the Xenopus oocyte is different than the classical intracellular progesterone receptor. The density of the receptor for progesterone increased with oocyte development and after stimulation of intact follicles with gonadotropin. C1 TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT RANGE & WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT,TEXAS COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT RANGE & WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD 27729] NR 41 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 49 IS 5 BP 980 EP 988 DI 10.1095/biolreprod49.5.980 PG 9 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA MC961 UT WOS:A1993MC96100012 PM 8286594 ER PT J AU MALECKI, RA BLOSSEY, B HIGHT, SD SCHROEDER, D KOK, LT COULSON, JR AF MALECKI, RA BLOSSEY, B HIGHT, SD SCHROEDER, D KOK, LT COULSON, JR TI BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL OF PURPLE LOOSESTRIFE SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LYTHRUM-SALICARIA L; INSECTS; CURCULIONIDAE; COLEOPTERA; SELECTION; AGENTS; IMPACT; WEEDS C1 USDA ARS,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. CAB INT,INST BIOL CONTROL,DELEMONT,SWITZERLAND. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,BENEFICIAL INSECT QUARANTINE LAB,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP MALECKI, RA (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NEW YORK COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. RI Kok, Loke/G-9922-2016 OI Kok, Loke/0000-0002-5734-3472 NR 40 TC 138 Z9 144 U1 4 U2 29 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD NOV PY 1993 VL 43 IS 10 BP 680 EP 686 DI 10.2307/1312339 PG 7 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA MC836 UT WOS:A1993MC83600003 ER PT J AU ABLE, KW GRIMES, CB JONES, RS TWICHELL, DC AF ABLE, KW GRIMES, CB JONES, RS TWICHELL, DC TI TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL VARIATION IN HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS OF TILEFISH (LOPHOLATILUS-CHAMAELEONTICEPS) OFF THE EAST-COAST OF FLORIDA SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HUDSON SUBMARINE-CANYON; SOUTH-ATLANTIC BIGHT; YELLOWEDGE GROUPER; MID-ATLANTIC; GEORGIA; MORTALITY; BEHAVIOR; GROWTH; MEXICO; GOODE AB The tilefish, Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps, constructs burrows in carbonate sediments off the central east coast of Florida at similar temperatures (8.6-15.4-degrees-C) and in similar sediment textures (high proportion of silts and clays) to conspecifics in the Mid-Atlantic Bight. The depths at which we observed tilefish off Florida (150-290 m), based on submersible observations and sidescan sonar operations during 1983 and 1984, were similar to those recorded in 1975-1977 (137-266 m) before the inception of the directed fishery. Both are similar to the range observed in the Mid-Atlantic Bight although tilefish there can be found at shallower and slightly deeper depths (80-305 m). The largest burrows off Florida (1.5-m diameter) were smaller than those observed in the Mid-Atlantic Bight (up to 5 m). The behavior of tilefish around the burrow and the invertebrates and fishes co-inhabiting the burrows off Florida are nearly identical to those in the Mid-Atlantic Bight. Despite the relatively narrow annual temperature range observed off Florida, abrupt changes in temperatures (+6-degrees-C) occurred over a 48-h period based on thermograph records. Our observations, and those of others from several areas along the U.S. east coast, suggest that this species probably constructs burrows throughout its geographic range, and that temperature and sediment composition largely determine its distribution. Exclusion experiments off Florida, along with prior removal experiments in the Mid-Atlantic Bight, indicate that tilefish construct and maintain the burrows. C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES SCI CTR,PANAMA CITY,FL 32408. UNIV TEXAS,INST MARINE SCI,PORT ARANSAS,TX 78373. US GEOL SURVEY,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. RP ABLE, KW (reprint author), RUTGERS STATE UNIV,INST MARINE & COASTAL SCI & BIOL SCI,MARINE FIELD STN,TUCKERTON,NJ 08087, USA. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 53 IS 3 BP 1013 EP 1026 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA MX459 UT WOS:A1993MX45900005 ER PT J AU GREWE, PM KRUEGER, CC AQUADRO, CF BERMINGHAM, E KINCAID, HL MAY, B AF GREWE, PM KRUEGER, CC AQUADRO, CF BERMINGHAM, E KINCAID, HL MAY, B TI MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA VARIATION AMONG LAKE TROUT (SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH) STRAINS STOCKED INTO LAKE-ONTARIO SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION AB Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation was examined in 492 fish representing six lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) strains used tor stocking and restoring populations in Lake Ontario. mtDNA was extracted from 432 fish by a total DNA isolation protocol (CTAB). mtDNA was also extracted from 60 additional fish using the purification method of CsCl ultracentrifugation. The more rapid CTAB protocol made feasible analysis of sample sizes (n greater-than-or-equal-to 80 per strain) required as baseline data for future mixed-stock analysis (MSA). Restriction enzymes AvaI, BamHI, HinfI, and TaqI resolved seven mtDNA haplotypes and were used to characterize fish from each of six strains (Clearwater, Jenny, Killala, Manitou, Seneca, and Superior). Frequencies of these haplotypes were significantly different among the six strains (p < 0.001). Differences between haplotype frequencies of the Killala and Superior strains were striking and permit greater discrimination of these strains than allozyme data. The level of differentiation observed among strains indicates that mtDNA haplotype information will enhance the ability of MSA to determine the hatchery strains that serve as parents to lake trout fry collected from Lake Ontario. C1 CORNELL UNIV,COLL AGR & LIFE SCI,DEPT NAT RESOURCES,FERNOW HALL,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT GENET & DEV,ITHACA,NY 14853. SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,UNIT 0948,APO,AA 34002. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERY RES & DEV LAB,WELLSBORO,PA 16901. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT NAT RESOURCES,ECOL & EVOLUT GENET LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. RI Grewe, Peter/P-1515-2015 OI Grewe, Peter/0000-0001-7111-4150 NR 17 TC 87 Z9 97 U1 2 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 50 IS 11 BP 2397 EP 2403 DI 10.1139/f93-264 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA MZ456 UT WOS:A1993MZ45600012 ER PT J AU YOUSON, JH HOLMES, JA GUCHARDI, JA SEELYE, JG BEAVER, RE GERSMEHL, JE SOWER, SA BEAMISH, FWH AF YOUSON, JH HOLMES, JA GUCHARDI, JA SEELYE, JG BEAVER, RE GERSMEHL, JE SOWER, SA BEAMISH, FWH TI IMPORTANCE OF CONDITION FACTOR AND THE INFLUENCE OF WATER TEMPERATURE AND PHOTOPERIOD ON METAMORPHOSIS OF SEA LAMPREY, PETROMYZON-MARINUS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GREAT-LAKES; LARVAL LIFE; MICHIGAN; BIOLOGY; ECOLOGY; GROWTH; AGE AB The incidence of metamorphosis of larval sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, was strongly affected by water temperature but not photoperiod. In a 1991 experiment, the development of metamorphosing animals in 13-degrees-C water was retarded about 1 mo relative to animals metamorphosing at 21-degrees-C and to a population from the Chippewa River, Michigan; the minimum length, weight, and condition factor (CF) of metamorphosing experimental animals were 117 mm, 2.8 g, and 1.50, respectively, and only 4% metamorphosed at 13-degrees-C and 18.9% at 21-degrees-C. In 1 992, with a population from the Great Chazy River, New York, 66% ot the animals at 13-degrees-C and 84% at 21-degrees-C metamorphosed. The higher incidence of metamorphosis in 1992 is partly related to the use of larvae that were larger than the minima established in 1991. We predicted, using criteria defined below, that 74 and 72% of the animals at 13 and 21-degrees-C, respectively, would metamorphose. Our predictions were consistent with observation at 13-degrees-C and for five of seven replicate tanks at 21-degrees-C. We suggest that a presumptive metamorphosing sea lamprey in landlocked populations should be at least 120 mm long, weigh 3.0 g, and have a CF greater-than-or-equal-to 1.50 and that these criteria must he used in conjunction. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,HAMMOND BAY BIOL STN,MILLERSBURG,MI 49759. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,LUDINGTON BIOL STN,LUDINGTON,MI 49431. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,FISHERIES ASSISTANCE,ESSEX JCT,VT 05452. UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOLEC BIOL,DURHAM,NH 03824. UNIV GUELPH,DEPT ZOOL,GUELPH N1G 2W1,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP YOUSON, JH (reprint author), UNIV TORONTO,DIV LIFE SCI,SCARBOROUGH CAMPUS,1265 MIL TRAIL,SCARBOROUGH M1C 1A4,ON,CANADA. NR 33 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 50 IS 11 BP 2448 EP 2456 DI 10.1139/f93-269 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA MZ456 UT WOS:A1993MZ45600017 ER PT J AU AMSTRUP, SC GARNER, GW CRONIN, MA PATTON, JC AF AMSTRUP, SC GARNER, GW CRONIN, MA PATTON, JC TI SEX IDENTIICATION OF POLAR BEARS FROM BLOOD AND TISSUE SAMPLES SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID Y-CHROMOSOME ENCODES; 13 ZINC FINGERS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; DETERMINING REGION; PROTEIN; ZFX; IDENTIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION; SEQUENCES; DOMAIN AB Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) can be adversely affected by hunting and other human perturbations because of low population densities and low reproduction rates. The sustainable take of adult females may be as low as 1.5% of the population. Females and accompanying young are most vulnerable to hunting, and hunters have not consistently reported the sex composition of the harvest, therefore a method to confirm the sexes of polar bears harvested in Alaska is needed. Evidence of the sex of harvested animals is often not available, but blood or other tissue samples often are. We extracted DNA from tissue and blood samples, and amplified segments of zinc finger (ZFX and ZFY) genes from both X and Y chromosomes with the polymerase chain reaction. Digestion of amplified portions of the X chromosome with the restriction enzyme HaeIII resulted in subdivision of the original amplified segment into four smaller fragments. Digestion with HaeIII did not subdivide the original segment amplified from the Y chromosome. The differing fragment sizes produced patterns in gel electrophoresis that distinguished samples from male and female bears 100% of the time. This technique is applicable to the investigation of many wildlife management and research questions. C1 LGL ALASKA RES ASSOCIATES INC,ANCHORAGE,AK 99508. LGL ECOL GENET INC,BRYAN,TX 77801. RP AMSTRUP, SC (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ALASKA FISH & WILDLIFE RES CTR,1011 E TUDOR RD,ANCHORAGE,AK 99503, USA. NR 26 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 71 IS 11 BP 2174 EP 2177 DI 10.1139/z93-305 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA MQ719 UT WOS:A1993MQ71900006 ER PT J AU PETTY, JD HUCKINS, JN ZAJICEK, JL AF PETTY, JD HUCKINS, JN ZAJICEK, JL TI APPLICATION OF SEMIPERMEABLE-MEMBRANE DEVICES (SPMDS) AS PASSIVE AIR SAMPLERS SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; PINE NEEDLES AB The semipermeable membrane device (SPMD), consisting of a neutral lipid (triolein) enclosed in polyethylene layflat tubing, is demonstrated to be a highly efficient passive air sampler. These devices readily sequester lipophilic organic contaminants from the vapor phase. Specifically, the SPMDs are shown to concentrate polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) residues from a laboratory atmosphere in a linear manner through 28 days. Under the conditions of this study, a three device composite (1.4 g triolein) extracted PCB residues from almost-equal-to 7 m3 of air per day. RP PETTY, JD (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES CTR,4200 NEW HAVEN RD,COLUMBIA,MO 65201, USA. NR 28 TC 104 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD NOV PY 1993 VL 27 IS 9 BP 1609 EP 1624 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(93)90143-S PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MF032 UT WOS:A1993MF03200002 ER PT J AU NELSON, MK LANDRUM, PF BURTON, GA KLAINE, SJ CRECELIUS, EA BYL, TD GOSSIAUX, DC TSYMBAL, VN CLEVELAND, L INGERSOLL, CG SASSONBRICKSON, G AF NELSON, MK LANDRUM, PF BURTON, GA KLAINE, SJ CRECELIUS, EA BYL, TD GOSSIAUX, DC TSYMBAL, VN CLEVELAND, L INGERSOLL, CG SASSONBRICKSON, G TI TOXICITY OF CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS IN DILUTION SERIES WITH CONTROL SEDIMENTS SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE SEDIMENT; DILUTION; TOXICITY TEST; DOSE RESPONSE ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; FRESH-WATER SEDIMENTS; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; TOXICOKINETICS AB The use of dilutions has been the foundation of our approach for assessing contaminated water, and accordingly, it may be important to establish similar or parallel approaches for sediment dilutions. Test organism responses to dilution gradients can identify the degree of necessary sediment alteration to reduce the toxicity. Using whole sediment dilutions to represent the complex interactions of in situ sediments can identify the toxicity, but the selection of the appropriate diluent for the contaminated sediment may affect the results and conclusions drawn. Contaminated whole sediments were examined to evaluate the toxicity of dilutions of sediments with a diversity of test organisms. Dilutions of the contaminated sediments were prepared with differing diluents that varied in organic carbon content, particle size distribution, and volatile solids. Studies were conducted using four macroinvertebrates and a vascular, rooted plant. Responses by some test organisms followed a sigmoidal dose-response curve, but others followed a U-shaped curve. Initial dilutions reduced toxicity as expected, but further dilution resulted in an increase in toxicity. The type of diluent used was an important factor in assessing the sediment toxicity, because the control soil reduced toxicity more effectively than sand as a diluent of the same sediment. Using sediment chemical and physical characteristics as an indicator of sediment dilution may not be as useful as chemical analysis of contaminants, but warrants further investigation. C1 NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105. CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT ENVIRONM TOXICOL,PENDLETON,SC 29670. ALL UNION WATER PROTECT RES INST,KHARKOV 310888,UKRAINE. WRIGHT STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,DAYTON,OH 45435. BATTELLE MEM INST,MARINE SCI LAB,SEQUIM,WA 98382. RP NELSON, MK (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES CTR,4200 NEW HAVEN RD,COLUMBIA,MO 65201, USA. RI Klaine, Stephen/C-5352-2011; Burton, Glenn/Q-9714-2016 OI Burton, Glenn/0000-0002-8660-6294 NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD NOV PY 1993 VL 27 IS 9 BP 1789 EP 1812 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(93)90158-2 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MF032 UT WOS:A1993MF03200017 ER PT J AU DECOLA, L MONTAGNE, N AF DECOLA, L MONTAGNE, N TI THE PYRAMID SYSTEM FOR MULTISCALE RASTER ANALYSIS SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL; FRACTAL; CALIFORNIA; IMAGE PYRAMID ID MODELS AB Geographical research requires the management and analysis of spatial data at multiple scales. As part of the U.S. Geological Survey's global change research program a software system has been developed that reads raster data (such as an image or digital elevation model) and produces a pyramid of aggregated lattices as well as various measurements of spatial complexity. For a given raster dataset the system uses the pyramid to report: (1) mean, (2) variance, (3) a spatial autocorrelation parameter based on multiscale analysis of variance, and (4) a monofractal scaling parameter based on the analysis of isoline lengths. The system is applied to 1-km digital elevation model (DEM) data for a 256-km(2) region of central California, as well as to 64 partitions of the region. PYRAMID, which offers robust descriptions of data complexity, also is used to describe the behavior of topographic aspect with scale. RP DECOLA, L (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,521 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI JI Comput. Geosci. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 19 IS 10 BP 1393 EP 1404 DI 10.1016/0098-3004(93)90057-C PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA MP957 UT WOS:A1993MP95700001 ER PT J AU LAING, KK RAVELING, DG AF LAING, KK RAVELING, DG TI HABITAT AND FOOD SELECTION BY EMPEROR GOOSE GOSLINGS SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE CHEN CANAGICA; EMPEROR GOOSE; HABITAT SELECTION; FOOD SELECTION; PLANT NUTRIENTS; HERBIVORY ID LESSER SNOW GEESE; GRAZED SALT-MARSH; CANADA GEESE; PLANT CONSTITUENTS; NITROGEN; AVAILABILITY; BEHAVIOR AB The habitat and diet of Emperor Goose (Chen canagica) goslings were studied on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska in 1985 and 1986. We studied diet selection and nutrient content of potential food plants to determine whether Emperor Goose goslings selected food plants to increase nutrient intake. Broods moved from inland nest sites to coastal salt marsh within one week of hatching. This movement resulted in abandonment of areas that contained high densities of Triglochin palustris, a food that was selected in a feeding trial. Wild goslings selected vegetated mudflats in coastal salt marsh, spending 80-82% of their feeding time there, although mudflats covered only 5% of the study area. The relative densities of Puccinellia phryganodes and Carex subspathacea, the two mudflat plant species available on a feeding trial plot, changed over the two years of the study, with P. phryganodes increased from 65% in 1985 to 84% in 1986. Captive goslings selected C. subspathacea more often than P. phryganodes in 1985, but ate primarily P. phryganodes in 1986. Triglochin palustris was significantly higher in total nitrogen and water content and lower in cell wall content than other available species, but productivity and nutrient value of P. phyrganodes and C. subspathacea might increase with grazing. Emperor Geese may leave areas where T. palustris is available to avoid predation or competition. By feeding repeatedly on coastal mudflats goslings are likely to find recently fertilized, nitrogen-rich plant food in a habitat providing refuge from predators. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT WILDLIFE & FISHERIES BIOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP LAING, KK (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,1101 E TUDOR RD,ANCHORAGE,AK 99503, USA. NR 45 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 1993 VL 95 IS 4 BP 879 EP 888 DI 10.2307/1369425 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA MK148 UT WOS:A1993MK14800010 ER PT J AU PAMPUSH, GJ ANTHONY, RG AF PAMPUSH, GJ ANTHONY, RG TI NEST SUCCESS, HABITAT UTILIZATION AND NEST-SITE SELECTION OF LONG-BILLED CURLEWS IN THE COLUMBIA BASIN, OREGON SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE LONG-BILLED CURLEW; NUMENIUS AMERICANUS; HABITAT USE; NEST-SITE SELECTION; NEST SUCCESS; COLUMBIA BASIN; OREGON ID NUMENIUS-AMERICANUS; BIRD COMMUNITIES; SANDPIPER; DENSITY AB Breeding ecology of Long-billed Curlews (Numenius americanus) in north-central Oregon was studied during spring and summer, 1978-1979. Five habitats were used by territorial curlews, and habitat selection by adults with and without broods was studied. Both adults and adults with broods used habitats significantly different from availability. A preference for habitats of low vertical profile and low vertical density (plant parts/volume/height) was observed; habitats with tall, dense shrubs or weedy annual vegetation were generally avoided. Nest density varied from 0-9 nests/40 ha. Highest nest density occurred in cheatgrass habitats. Nest success as computed by the Mayfield method was 0.69 in 1978 (n = 40) and 0.65 in 1979 (n = 61). Predators destroyed 10 (4) and 16% (10) of the nests in 1978 and 1979, respectively. Eight of 14 (57%) nests over both years were destroyed by mammalian predators; at least three (21%) were taken by crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) or magpies (Pica pica). Nest predation rate was significantly lower in annual grass habitats. Differences between nest sites and randomly selected habitats were related to vertical stratification of vegetation. Vegetative cover was important in only the bunchgrass habitat. Overall, nest sites were less complex above 5 cm than surrounding areas. Significant differences in nest-site structure between habitats were observed for five of six paired comparisons, indicating some plasticity in nest-site selection by breeding curlews. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,OREGON COOPERAT WILDLIFE RES UNIT,DEPT FISHERIES,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NR 40 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 1993 VL 95 IS 4 BP 957 EP 967 DI 10.2307/1369431 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA MK148 UT WOS:A1993MK14800016 ER PT J AU STUMPF, RP GELFENBAUM, G PENNOCK, JR AF STUMPF, RP GELFENBAUM, G PENNOCK, JR TI WIND AND TIDAL FORCING OF A BUOYANT PLUME, MOBILE-BAY, ALABAMA SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RIVER PLUME; SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; DRIVEN MOTION; SHELF; DISCHARGE; ESTUARY; MODEL; VARIABILITY; CURRENTS; FRONTS AB AVHRR satellite imagery and in situ observations were combined to study the motion of a buoyant plume at the mouth of Mobile Bay, Alabama. the plume extended up to 30 km from shore, with a thickness of about 1 m. The inner plume, which was 3-8 m thick, moved between the Bay and inner shelf in response to tidal forcing. The tidal prism could be identified through the movement of plume waters between satellite images. The plume responded rapidly to alongshore wind, with sections of the plume moving at speeds of more than 70 cm s-1, about 11% of the wind speed. The plume moved predominantly in the direction of the wind with a weak Ekman drift. The enhanced speed of the plume relative to normal surface drift is probably due to the strong stratification in the plume, which limits the transfer of momentum into the underlying ambient waters. C1 UNIV ALABAMA,MARINE ENVIRONM SCI CONSORTIUM,DAUPHIN ISL,AL 36528. RP STUMPF, RP (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,600 4TH ST S,ST PETERSBURG,FL 33701, USA. NR 45 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 13 IS 11 BP 1281 EP 1301 DI 10.1016/0278-4343(93)90053-Z PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA MK613 UT WOS:A1993MK61300007 ER PT J AU DOLLAR, SJ TRIBBLE, GW AF DOLLAR, SJ TRIBBLE, GW TI RECURRENT STORM DISTURBANCE AND RECOVERY - A LONG-TERM STUDY OF CORAL COMMUNITIES IN HAWAII SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; ACANTHASTER-PLANCI; HERMATYPIC CORALS; SPECIES DIVERSITY; FRENCH-POLYNESIA; PREDATION; IMPACT; OAHU; RECOLONIZATION; HURRICANES AB Damage caused by catastrophic storm waves and subsequent recovery was investigated with a series of 15 line transects on a reef off the west coast of Hawaii over a 20-year period (1973-1993). At the initiation of the study, four zones existed across the reef, each defined by a different dominant coral species. An intermediate intensity storm in 1974 caused a decrease in coral cover from 52% to 46% of bottom cover, while breakage and transport of fragments extended the depth of peak coral cover. In 1980, a ''Kona'' storm, which generated the largest storm surf on record, destroyed the coral zonation pattern almost entirely. Living coral was reduced from 46% to 10% of bottom cover, with greatest damage in the zones with highest cover. Twelve years later (1992), living coral cover increased to 15% of total bottom cover. Lack of significant correlation between increase of coral cover and initial cover indicated that recovery was from larval settlement, rather than regeneration of viable fragments. Extrapolation of recovery from 1980 to 1992 indicates that the pre-storm (1973) conditions would be reached in 40 years (exponential growth) to 70 years (linear growth). In 1993, following a hurricane and unusually large northwest swell, coral cover was once again reduced to 11 %; recovery was set back to a level similar to that in 1980 following the Kona storm. In 1992 and 1993 no evidence of CaCO3 accretion was observed on the reef bench. Rubble fragments created by storm stress were deposited on the reef slope with little subsequent lithification. While hurricane force waves may occur very infrequently in Hawaii, this source of stress appears to effectively limit Holocene reef growth in all areas except sheltered embayments. The pattern of damage and recovery of this coral ecosystem conforms to the intermediate disturbance hypothesis, in which storms of intermediate intensity produce either an increase or decrease in diversity and cover, depending on the timing of severe storms. On a global scale, timescales of damage and recovery cycles vary substantially depending on the frequency of severe disturbances, and the adaptive capabilities of dominant species. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,HONOLULU,HI 96813. RP DOLLAR, SJ (reprint author), UNIV HAWAII,SCH OCEAN & EARTH SCI & TECHNOL,1000 POPE RD,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA. NR 67 TC 105 Z9 113 U1 3 U2 45 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0722-4028 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD NOV PY 1993 VL 12 IS 3-4 BP 223 EP 233 DI 10.1007/BF00334481 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA ML338 UT WOS:A1993ML33800014 ER PT J AU KAMILLI, RJ COLE, JC ELLIOTT, JE CRISS, RE AF KAMILLI, RJ COLE, JC ELLIOTT, JE CRISS, RE TI GEOLOGY AND GENESIS OF THE BAID AL JIMALAH TUNGSTEN DEPOSIT, KINGDOM OF SAUDI-ARABIA SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN ISOTOPE-EXCHANGE; FELSIC PLUTONIC ROCKS; CORNUBIAN ORE FIELD; FLUID INCLUSION; NAJD REGION; SOUTHWEST ENGLAND; NEW-BRUNSWICK; ST-AUSTELL; SW ENGLAND; EVOLUTION AB The Baid al Jimalah tungsten deposit in Saudi Arabia (lat 25-degrees-09'N, long 42-degrees-41'E) consists predominantly of swarms of steeply dipping, subparallel, tungsten-bearing quartz veins and of less abundant, smaller stockwork veins. It is spatially, temporally, and genetically associated with a 569 Ma, highly differentiated, porphyritic, two-feldspar granite that intrudes Late Proterozoic immature sandstones. Paragenetic data from crosscutting veins demonstrate unambiguously a single cycle of magma intrusion and hydrothermal mineralization. Hypogene mineralization can be divided into three periods: (1) early quartz-molybdenite stockwork veining, (2) wolframite- and scheelite-bearing, greisen-bordered veining, and (3) late, quartz-carbonate-fluorite veining. The first two of these three periods can be further divided into several stages that are transitional to each other. The greisen-bordered veins, in particular, show replacement of earlier mineral assemblages by later ones. Precious and base metal veins at Baid al Jimalah East, approximately 1.5 km east of the Baid al Jimalah tungsten deposit, are genetically related to the tungsten deposit and probably formed contemporaneously with the greisenized tungsten-bearing veins. Fluid inclusion and oxygen isotope data indicate that the Baid al Jimalah deposit formed over a temperature range of 120-degrees to 550-degrees-C, from low salinity magmatic and metamorphic fluids, and at a depth of about 4.2 km. Early stockwork veins (period 1) formed at low magmatic temperatures (ca. 550-degrees-C) from magma-derived (deltaO-18 = 9.6-9.7 parts per thousand), low-salinity (1-2 wt % NaCl equiv) fluid. This hydrothermal fluid was generally low density and CO2 rich. All other veins were formed from regionally derived fluid in equilibrium with metamorphic rocks (deltaO-18 = 7.9 +/- 1.0 parts per thousand at the site of deposition). This fluid probably scavenged most of the period 2 ore-mineral components from a postulated granite batholith whose existence is indicated by a 6-mGal gravity low centered on the deposit. The greisen-bordered tungsten veins (period 2) formed from fluids in the liquid state at temperatures mostly between 3800 and 440-degrees-C with salinities between 4.5 and 10.9 wt percent NaCl equiv. Late, barren veins (period 3) formed from liquids with salinities between 0.0 and 3.5 wt percent NaCl equiv at temperatures as low as 120-degrees-C. The veins at Baid al Jimalah East formed from liquids with salinities between 0 and 4.2 wt percent NaCl equiv at temperatures mostly between about 340-degrees and 390-degrees-C. Important volatile constituents in some hydrothermal fluids were CO2 and CH4, in addition to H2O and HF. The deltaO-18 data on mineral separates of fresh and altered Baid al Jimalah granite, and whole-rock deltaO-18 data on country-rock samples as far as 16 km from the deposit, indicate that the rocks in the Baid al Jimalah area were pervasively infiltrated by a fluid with relatively high deltaO-18 values. Interaction and exchange of the country rocks with this deltaO-18 fluid led to an increase in the deltaO-18 values of volcanic rocks of the Jurdhawiyah Group but to a decrease in the deltaO-18 values of the high value deltaO-18 Murdama Group sandstones, resulting in a hydrothermal anomaly exceeding 100 km2 in area. This fluid had an estimated deltaO-18 value of about 6 to 8 per mil, essentially identical to that of the metamorphic water calculated from the vein quartz, thus strongly supporting the conclusion that all of the mineral deposits at Baid al Jimalah (except for the early-stage quartz-molybdenite veins), as well as the 12-km2 geochemical anomaly surrounding the deposit, were from the same metamorphic fluid. Baid al Jimalah is similar in character and origin to Phanerozoic tungsten-tin greisen deposits throughout the world, especially the Hemerdon deposit in Devon, England. It is also analogous to Climax-type molybdenum deposits, which contain virtually identical mineral assemblages, but with the relative proportions of molybdenum and tungsten mineralization reversed, primarily owing to differences in oxygen fugacity. This similarity in mineralization styles and fluid histories indicates that metallogenic processes in granite-related deposits in the late Precambrian were similar to those seen in the Phanerozoic. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT GEOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP KAMILLI, RJ (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,US GEOL SURVEY,GOULD SIMPSON BLDG 77,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. NR 93 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 8 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI EL PASO PA UNIV TEXAS AT EL PASO ROOM 202 QUINN HALL, EL PASO, TX 79968 SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 88 IS 7 BP 1743 EP 1767 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MQ626 UT WOS:A1993MQ62600001 ER PT J AU SAFAK, E AF SAFAK, E TI RESPONSE OF A 42-STORY STEEL-FRAME BUILDING TO THE M(S)=7.1 LOMA-PRIETA EARTHQUAKE SO ENGINEERING STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE EARTHQUAKE RESPONSE; STEEL-FRAME BUILDING AB A set of 14 acceleration records was obtained from a 42-storey steel-frame building, the Chevron Building, in San Francisco during the M(s) = 7.1 Loma Prieta earthquake of 17 October 1 989. Data were analysed using a system identification method based on the discrete-time linear filtering, and the least-squares estimation techniques. The results show that the response of the building is dominated by two modes: a translational mode in the weaker (southwest-northeast) principal direction of the building at 0.1 6 Hz with 5% damping, and a translational-torsional mode along the east-west diagonal of the building's cross-section at 0.20 Hz with 7% damping. There are significant contributions from higher modes at 0.54 Hz, 0.62 Hz, 1.02 Hz and 1.09 Hz. All the modes incorporate some torsion, but the amplitudes of torsional components are small, about 10% of translational amplitudes. Soil-structure interaction influences the vibrations near 1.0 Hz. The contribution of soil-structure interaction to the peak displacements of the building is significant, particularly at lower floors. RP SAFAK, E (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS-922,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0141-0296 J9 ENG STRUCT JI Eng. Struct. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 15 IS 6 BP 403 EP 421 DI 10.1016/0141-0296(93)90059-D PG 19 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA MB925 UT WOS:A1993MB92500001 ER PT J AU HUCKINS, JN MANUWEERA, GK PETTY, JD MACKAY, D LEBO, JA AF HUCKINS, JN MANUWEERA, GK PETTY, JD MACKAY, D LEBO, JA TI LIPID-CONTAINING SEMIPERMEABLE-MEMBRANE DEVICES FOR MONITORING ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS IN WATER SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; DIALYSIS; FISH AB A semipermeable membrane device (SPMD) is described for passive in-situ monitoring of organic contaminants in water. The device consists of a thin film of neutral lipid (molecular mass generally greater-than-or-equal-to 600 Da), such as triolein, enclosed in thin-walled layflat tubing made of low-density polyethylene or another nonporous polymer. Mathematical models are developed for the device and fitted to concentration data from 2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl and phenanthrene flow-through exposures and dissipation experiments. Model estimates of the average concentrations of test chemicals in laboratory exposure water differed from the measured concentrations by <2-fold, indicating that it may be feasible to use the device to determine average concentrations of organic contaminants in natural waters. C1 PESTICIDE REGISTRAT OFF,GATAMBE,PERADENIYA,SRI LANKA. UNIV TORONTO,DEPT CHEM ENGN & APPL CHEM,TORONTO M5S 1A4,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP HUCKINS, JN (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES CTR,4200 NEW HAVEN RD,COLUMBIA,MO 65201, USA. NR 28 TC 345 Z9 366 U1 16 U2 80 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 27 IS 12 BP 2489 EP 2496 DI 10.1021/es00048a028 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ME578 UT WOS:A1993ME57800042 ER PT J AU ALADOS, CL ESCOS, J EMLEN, JM AF ALADOS, CL ESCOS, J EMLEN, JM TI DEVELOPMENTAL INSTABILITY AS AN INDICATOR OF ENVIRONMENTAL-STRESS IN THE PACIFIC HAKE (MERLUCCIUS-PRODUCTUS) SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID FLUCTUATING DENTAL ASYMMETRY; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KETA; AUDIOGENIC STRESS; OTOLITH MICROSTRUCTURE; LABORATORY RAT; STABILITY; GROWTH; HETEROZYGOSITY; FISHES; VARIABILITY AB Developmental Instability (DI) has been proposed as an inexpensive, quickly applied, and sensitive indicator of stress that can be utilized in early warning and in monitoring anthropogenic impacts on fish and other animals and plants. A problem arises, however, to the extent that natural stressors confound the effects of human-induced disturbances. Our objective in this work was, to investigate whether a natural stressor, in the form of El Nino conditions, contributed to DI in the Pacific hake. Right-left (fluctuating) asymmetry of otolith length, width, growth rate, and weight, as well as right-left otolith shape differences, were used as measures of DI. Results show that indeed El Nino disrupts development, indicating stress. This outcome suggests that DI, as an early warning and monitoring tool for stress, must be used with caution. C1 CSIC,ESTN EXPTL ZONAS ARIDAS,ALMERIA,SPAIN. RP ALADOS, CL (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES LAB,NAVAL STN PUGET SOUND,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. RI Alados, Concepcion/K-8085-2014; Escos, Juan/L-4207-2014 OI Alados, Concepcion/0000-0002-6227-861X; Escos, Juan/0000-0003-2852-2911 NR 41 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 91 IS 4 BP 587 EP 593 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA ML937 UT WOS:A1993ML93700001 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, RE AF ANDERSON, RE TI THE NEWPORT FAULT - EOCENE LISTRIC NORMAL FAULTING, MYLONITIZATION, AND CRUSTAL EXTENSION IN NORTHEASTERN WASHINGTON AND NORTHWESTERN IDAHO - DISCUSSION SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Discussion RP ANDERSON, RE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,BOX 25046,MS 966,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 105 IS 11 BP 1511 EP 1512 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(1993)105<1511:TNFELN>2.3.CO;2 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA ME757 UT WOS:A1993ME75700009 ER PT J AU CHAMBERLAIN, KR PATEL, SC FROST, BR SNYDER, GL AF CHAMBERLAIN, KR PATEL, SC FROST, BR SNYDER, GL TI THICK-SKINNED DEFORMATION OF THE ARCHEAN WYOMING PROVINCE DURING PROTEROZOIC ARC-CONTINENT COLLISION SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHEYENNE BELT; SUTURE; CRUST AB Two major mylonite zones are exposed in the southeastern Archean Wyoming province: the Cheyenne belt, which marks the boundary between the Wyoming and Colorado provinces, and the Laramie Peak shear zone, across which Archean rocks have been uplifted differentially at least 10 km. Between the two mylonite zones is a 60-100-km-wide belt of Archean migmatitic gneiss, which has been intruded by diabase dikes and peridotites and contains enclaves of high-grade metasedimentary rocks. We interpret this belt of high-grade rocks as a tectonically reactivated block of Archean crust, uplifted during the development of the Cheyenne belt collisional zone at ca. 1.8 Ga. This block does not exhibit a decreasing metamorphic gradient away from the mylonite zone, but is at uniformly high grade. Thus, rather than a thick-skinned thrust-ramp model for uplift, we invoke vertical uplift along a high-angle reverse fault without rotation. This style of uplift may be a tectonic response to transpression, underplating, or tectonic interfingering at depth during collisional orogeny, and it may be a more common feature of basement uplifts within foreland fold-and-thrust belts than has been previously recognized. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,CTR FED,DENVER,CO 80225. RP CHAMBERLAIN, KR (reprint author), UNIV WYOMING,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,LARAMIE,WY 82071, USA. NR 18 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD NOV PY 1993 VL 21 IS 11 BP 995 EP 998 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0995:TSDOTA>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA ME759 UT WOS:A1993ME75900009 ER PT J AU SEAL, RR RYE, RO AF SEAL, RR RYE, RO TI STABLE-ISOTOPE STUDY OF FLUID INCLUSIONS IN FLUORITE FROM IDAHO - IMPLICATIONS FOR CONTINENTAL CLIMATES DURING THE EOCENE - REPLY SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Note ID EQUABLE CLIMATES; EARTH HISTORY C1 US GEOL SURVEY,CTR FED,DENVER,CO 80225. RP SEAL, RR (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,954 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD NOV PY 1993 VL 21 IS 11 BP 1051 EP 1052 PG 2 WC Geology SC Geology GA ME759 UT WOS:A1993ME75900024 ER PT J AU GEIST, EL FISHER, MA SCHOLL, DW AF GEIST, EL FISHER, MA SCHOLL, DW TI LARGE-SCALE DEFORMATION ASSOCIATED WITH RIDGE SUBDUCTION SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Review DE CRUSTAL DEFORMATION; ISLAND ARCS; MODELING; NEW-HEBRIDES (VANUATU); RHEOLOGY; SUBDUCTION; TONGA ID HEBRIDES ISLAND-ARC; NORTH DENTRECASTEAUX RIDGE; RELATIVE PLATE MOTIONS; VISCOUS SHEET MODEL; CONTINENTAL DEFORMATION; MECHANICAL MODELS; TRENCH TOPOGRAPHY; LOUISVILLE RIDGE; CONTINUUM MODELS; COLLISION ZONE AB Continuum models are used to investigate the large-scale deformation associated with the subduction of aseismic ridges. Formulated in the horizontal plane using thin viscous sheet theory, these models measure the horizontal transmission of stress through the arc lithosphere accompanying ridge subduction. Modelling was used to compare the Tonga arc and Louisville ridge collision with the New Hebrides arc and d'Entrecasteaux ridge collision, which have disparate arc-ridge intersection speeds but otherwise similar characteristics. Models of both systems indicate that diffuse deformation (low values of the effective stress-strain exponent n) are required to explain the observed deformation. Deformation is somewhat insensitive to the vertically integrated strength of the arc (inversely proportional to the Argand number Ar), but indicates that the arc lithosphere is not extremely weak (Ar < 100). Low values of both Ar and n suggest that the thermal structure is typical of 'cold' or 'normal' arcs and that deformation is dominated by flow in the lower crust and mantle. In addition, low values of n (approaching Newtonian flow) may indicate that specific deformation mechanisms dictate deformation of the arc lithosphere. Possible mechanisms include low-stress, grain-size dependent creep, pyroxenite-controlled rheology and mechanisms associated with water weakening. Changes in the boundary conditions greatly affect deformation within island arcs. High rates of arc-ridge intersection speed (Tonga-Louisville system) yield arc-parallel tension and crustal thickening in the wake of ridge subduction. In contrast, low rates of arc-ridge intersection speed (New Hebrides-d'Entrecasteaux system) yield compressional deformation directly arcward of the collision zone and transverse strike-slip faulting adjacent to the region of compressional deformation. Localized regions of extensional deformation along the frontal part of the arc adjacent to the collision zone may contribute to the formation of re-entrants. RP GEIST, EL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MS 999,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 102 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 115 IS 2 BP 344 EP 366 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1993.tb01191.x PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ME102 UT WOS:A1993ME10200002 ER PT J AU CRONIN, TM DOWSETT, HJ AF CRONIN, TM DOWSETT, HJ TI PRISM WARM CLIMATES OF THE PLIOCENE SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Article DE (PLIOCENE AND PALEOCLIMATOLOGY) OR GCM OR GENERAL CIRCULATION MODELS RP CRONIN, TM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. OI Dowsett, Harry/0000-0003-1983-7524 NR 0 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD NOV PY 1993 VL 38 IS 11 BP 17 EP 19 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MF543 UT WOS:A1993MF54300008 ER PT J AU MOENCH, AF AF MOENCH, AF TI COMPUTATION OF TYPE CURVES FOR FLOW TO PARTIALLY PENETRATING WELLS IN WATER-TABLE AQUIFERS SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL INVERSION; LAPLACE TRANSFORMS; UNCONFINED AQUIFER; DELAYED DRAINAGE; SATURATED FLOW; YIELD AB Evaluation of Neuman's analytical solution for flow to a well in a homogeneous, anisotropic, water-table aquifer commonly requires large amounts of computation time and can produce inaccurate results for selected combinations of parameters. Large computation times occur because the integrand of a semi-infinite integral involves the summation of an infinite series. Each term of the series requires evaluation of the roots of equations, and the series itself is sometimes slowly convergent. Inaccuracies can result from lack of computer precision or from the use of improper methods of numerical integration. In this paper it is proposed to use a method of numerical inversion of the Laplace transform solution, provided by Neuman, to overcome these difficulties. The solution in Laplace space is simpler in form than the real-time solution; that is, the integrand of the semi-infinite integral does not involve an infinite series or the need to evaluate roots of equations. Because the integrand is evaluated rapidly, advanced methods of numerical integration can be used to improve accuracy with an overall reduction in computation time. The proposed method of computing type curves, for which a partially documented computer program (WTAQ1) was written, was found to reduce computation time by factors of 2 to 20 over the time needed to evaluate the closed-form, real-time solution. RP MOENCH, AF (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,WRD,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MS 496,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 26 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 31 IS 6 BP 966 EP 971 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1993.tb00870.x PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA MF850 UT WOS:A1993MF85000012 ER PT J AU VOSS, CI ANDERSSON, J AF VOSS, CI ANDERSSON, J TI REGIONAL FLOW IN THE BALTIC SHIELD DURING HOLOCENE COASTAL REGRESSION SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID ANGLE FRACTURE-ZONE; FINNSJON; SWEDEN; DEFORMATION AB The occurrence of saline waters in the Baltic Shield in Sweden is consistent with ongoing but incomplete Holocene flushing and depends on the geometry and connectivity of conductive structures at both regional and local scales, and on the surface topography. Numerical simulation of regional variable-density fluid flow during Holocene land-rise and coastal regression shows that the existence of any old saline water, whether derived from submarine recharge in regions below Sweden's highest postglacial coastline or geochemical processes in the crystalline rock, is an indication either of slow fluid movements through the bedrock over long times, or of long travel distances through fracture systems before arriving at measurement points. During the land-rise period, regional flow is not affected by the variable density of fluids in the upper few kilometers of the shield, and the topography of the water table is the only driving force. The spatial distribution of meteoric flushing water and pre-Holocene waters may be complex, with the possibility of relatively fresh water in fracture zones below salty units even at depths of a few kilometers. The domination of the topographic driving force implies that deep saline water is not necessarily stagnant, and significant flow may be expected to occur in well-connected horizons even at depth. Local topography variation and fracture zone location combine to create a complex flow field in which local topographic driving forces extend to considerable depth in some areas, whereas regional topographic forces predominate in others. Thus, a pattern may be difficult to discern in measurements of the regional salinity distribution, although it is clear that the coastal region is the major zone of discharge for deeper pre-Holocene fluids. During the land-rise period, the regional flow field equilibrates with changing climatic conditions and coastal positions, while the distribution of flushing water and older water lags and will perpetually change between successive glaciations. These characteristics have direct implications for the safety of nuclear water repositories located at depth in Baltic Shield rocks. C1 SWEDISH NUCL POWER INSPECTORATE,S-10252 STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. RP VOSS, CI (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR 431,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 31 IS 6 BP 989 EP 1006 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1993.tb00873.x PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA MF850 UT WOS:A1993MF85000015 ER PT J AU HARRAHY, EA WIMMER, MJ PERRY, SA FABER, DC MIRACLE, JE PERRY, WB AF HARRAHY, EA WIMMER, MJ PERRY, SA FABER, DC MIRACLE, JE PERRY, WB TI PERSISTENCE OF DIFLUBENZURON ON APPALACHIAN FOREST LEAVES IN STREAM WATER SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ENVIRONMENTAL FATE; DIMILIN; DEGRADATION; RESIDUES; SOIL AB The persistence of diflubenzuron on Appalachian forest leaves placed in stream water was examined using a new gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric method for analyzing the pesticide. Leaves came from trees aerially sprayed with Dimilin in the spring and left to weather during the growing season. The rain exposure minimizes loss of pesticide when the treated leaves are first immersed. After diflubenzuron coverage was measured, leaf samples were placed in a headwater stream and residual diflubenzuron was monitored as a function of time. During July and August, the amount of diflubenzuron on white oak decreased significantly (by 36% and 23%, respectively) within the first 48 h of stream incubation, reaching less than 10% of the original concentration within 3 weeks. In the December studies with yellow poplar, red maple, and white oak leaves, the rate of loss of diflubenzuron was slow. After 54 days in the stream, yellow poplar and red maple leaves retained 45% and 40%, respectively, of the original diflubenzuron and white oak showed no significant loss. In laboratory experiments mimicking the December field conditions, no significant loss of diflubenzuron was seen from yellow poplar leaves. In view of the persistence of diflubenzuron on hardwood leaves observed throughout the growing season to leaf fall, at low stream temperatures, nontarget aquatic organisms that consume these fallen leaves may be exposed to the pesticide for a significant period of time. C1 W VIRGINIA UNIV,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT BIOCHEM,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,W VIRGINIA COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506. W VIRGINIA UNIV,DIV FORESTRY,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 41 IS 11 BP 2191 EP 2196 DI 10.1021/jf00035a070 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA MH755 UT WOS:A1993MH75500070 ER PT J AU MUHS, DR MAAT, PB AF MUHS, DR MAAT, PB TI THE POTENTIAL RESPONSE OF EOLIAN SANDS TO GREENHOUSE WARMING AND PRECIPITATION REDUCTION ON THE GREAT-PLAINS OF THE USA SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; COLORADO; DUNES; MODEL; QUATERNARY; DROUGHT; SPACE; AGE RP MUHS, DR (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS 974,BOX 25046,FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 28 TC 107 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 25 IS 4 BP 351 EP 361 DI 10.1006/jare.1993.1068 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MM560 UT WOS:A1993MM56000001 ER PT J AU BEKINS, BA GODSY, EM GOERLITZ, DF AF BEKINS, BA GODSY, EM GOERLITZ, DF TI MODELING STEADY-STATE METHANOGENIC DEGRADATION OF PHENOLS IN GROUNDWATER SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIODEGRADATION; TRANSPORT; AQUIFER AB Field and microcosm observations of methanogenic phenolic compound degradation indicate that Monod kinetics governs the substrate disappearance but overestimates the observed biomass. In this paper we present modeling results from an ongoing multidisciplinary study of methanogenic biodegradation of phenolic compounds in a sand and gravel aquifer contaminated by chemicals and wastes used in wood treatment. Field disappearance rates of four phenols match those determined in batch microcosm studies previously performed by E.M. Godsy and coworkers. The degradation process appears to be at steady-state because even after a sustained influx over several decades, the contaminants still are disappearing in transport downgradient. The existence of a steady-state degradation profile of each substrate together with a low biomass density in the aquifer indicate that the bacteria population is exhibiting no net growth. This may be due to the oligotrophic nature of the biomass population in which utilization and growth are approximately independent of concentration for most of the concentration range. Thus a constant growth rate should exist over much of the contaminated area which may in turn be balanced by an unusually high decay or maintenance rate due to hostile conditions or predation. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP BEKINS, BA (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95064, USA. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 14 IS 3-4 BP 279 EP 294 DI 10.1016/0169-7722(93)90029-R PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA MR014 UT WOS:A1993MR01400007 ER PT J AU BENDER, EE MORRISON, J ANDERSON, JL WOODEN, JL AF BENDER, EE MORRISON, J ANDERSON, JL WOODEN, JL TI EARLY PROTEROZOIC TIES BETWEEN 2 SUSPECT TERRANES AND THE MOJAVE CRUSTAL BLOCK OF THE SOUTHWESTERN US SO JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; GRANITIC-ROCKS; DESERT REGION; CALIFORNIA; TECTONICS; EVOLUTION; AMERICA; GENESIS; ISOTOPE AB Southern California and adjacent areas contain two suspect or exotic terranes comprised largely of ancient continental crust, namely the Tujunga (San Gabriel) and Joshua Tree terranes, that have been considered part of a larger displaced terrane, the Santa Lucia-Orocopia allochthon. Paleomagnetic data for the allochthon indicate northward transport in excess of 2000 km and, thus, an origin extraneous to North America. However, Early Proterozoic plutons of the Mojave crustal block and the Joshua Tree and Tujunga terranes have strikingly comparable features, including: (1) crystallization ages of 1.63 to 1.68 Ga; (2) biotite + sphene + magnetite +/- hornblende + garnet mineralogy; (3) high LIL and enriched HFS elemental composition (4) WPG (within-plate granite) trace element chemistry; (5) similar and unique oxygen isotopic compositions; and (G) distinct Pb and Nd isotopic signatures. These features of the Mojave block, which clearly originated as part of native North America, nevertheless distinguish it from crust elsewhere in North America. On the basis of data presented here, we conclude that the Tujunga terrane is a disrupted portion of the Mojave crustal block and is neither far-traveled nor exotic to North America. Its apparent ''exotic'' nature stems from derivation out of the middle crust. We also conclude thBt the Joshua Tree terrane is correlative to the Mojave block. We have found no significant evidence for its displacement and consider Joshua Tree ta be contiguous with the Mojave block and thus not a valid terrane. The Tujunga (San Gabriel) and Joshua Tree terranes should not be considered as part of, or having shared the same transport as, the Santa Lucia-Orocopia allocthon. C1 UNIV SO CALIF,DEPT GEOL SCI,LOS ANGELES,CA 90089. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 67 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1376 J9 J GEOL JI J. Geol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 101 IS 6 BP 715 EP 728 PG 14 WC Geology SC Geology GA MF092 UT WOS:A1993MF09200003 ER PT J AU LAPCEVIC, PA NOVAKOWSKI, KS PAILLET, FL AF LAPCEVIC, PA NOVAKOWSKI, KS PAILLET, FL TI ANALYSIS OF FLOW IN AN OBSERVATION WELL INTERSECTING A SINGLE FRACTURE SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article ID INJECTION; AQUIFER; TESTS AB A semi-analytical model is developed to determine transmissivity and storativity from the interpretation of transient flow in an observation well due to pumping in a source well where the two wells are connected by a single fracture. Flow rate can be determined using a heat-pulse flowmeter located above the intersection of the fracture in the observation well. The results of a field experiment were interpreted using the new model and compared with drawdown data from the same test. Good agreement between the transmissivity estimates was observed whereas estimates of storativity were found to be better determined from the analysis of flow rate. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. RP LAPCEVIC, PA (reprint author), ENVIRONM CANADA,NATL WATER RES INST,867 LAKESHORE RD,BURLINGTON L7R 4A6,ON,CANADA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 151 IS 2-4 BP 229 EP 239 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(93)90237-4 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA MP972 UT WOS:A1993MP97200007 ER PT J AU KOSEFF, JR HOLEN, JK MONISMITH, SG CLOERN, JE AF KOSEFF, JR HOLEN, JK MONISMITH, SG CLOERN, JE TI COUPLED EFFECTS OF VERTICAL MIXING AND BENTHIC GRAZING ON PHYTOPLANKTON POPULATIONS IN SHALLOW, TURBID ESTUARIES SO JOURNAL OF MARINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SAN-FRANCISCO-BAY; CRITICAL DEPTH; PRODUCTIVITY; BLOOM; MODEL; BIOMASS; LIGHT; PHOTOADAPTATION; STRATIFICATION; VARIABILITY AB Coastal ocean waters tend to have very different patterns of phytoplankton biomass variability from the open ocean, and the connections between physical variability and phytoplankton bloom dynamics are less well established for these shallow systems. Predictions of biological responses to physical variability in these environments is inherently difficult because the recurrent seasonal patterns of mixing are complicated by aperiodic fluctuations in river discharge and the high-frequency components of tidal variability. We might expect, then, less predictable and more complex bloom dynamics in these shallow coastal systems compared with the open ocean. Given this complex and dynamic physical environment, can we develop a quantitative framework to define the physical regimes necessary for bloom inception, and can we identify the important mechanisms of physical-biological coupling that lead to the initiation and termination of blooms in estuaries and shallow coastal waters? Numerical modeling provides one approach to address these questions. Here we present results of simulation experiments with a refined version of Cloern's (1991) model in which mixing processes are treated more realistically to reflect the dynamic nature of turbulence generation in estuaries. We investigated several simple models for the turbulent mixing coefficient. We found that the addition of diurnal tidal variation to Cloern's model greatly reduces biomass growth indicating that variations of mixing on the time scale of hours are crucial. Furthermore, we found that for conditions representative of South San Francisco Bay, numerical simulations only allowed for bloom development when the water column was stratified and when minimal mixing was prescribed in the upper layer. Stratification, however, itself is not sufficient to ensure that a bloom will develop: minimal wind stirring is a further prerequisite to bloom development in shallow turbid estuaries with abundant populations of benthic suspension feeders. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP KOSEFF, JR (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,ENVIRONM FLUID MECH LAB,STANFORD,CA 94305, USA. RI Cloern, James/C-1499-2011; OI Cloern, James/0000-0002-5880-6862 NR 43 TC 82 Z9 85 U1 3 U2 8 PU KLINE GEOLOGY LABORATORY PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520 SN 0022-2402 J9 J MAR RES JI J. Mar. Res. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 51 IS 4 BP 843 EP 868 DI 10.1357/0022240933223954 PG 26 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA MT263 UT WOS:A1993MT26300006 ER PT J AU ECKELBARGER, KJ LARSON, RJ AF ECKELBARGER, KJ LARSON, RJ TI ULTRASTRUCTURAL-STUDY OF THE OVARY OF THE SESSILE SCYPHOZOAN, HALICLYSTUS-OCTORADIATUS (CNIDARIA, STAUROMEDUSAE) SO JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID YOLK FORMATION; OOGENESIS; VITELLOGENESIS AB An ultrastructural study of the ovary of the sessile jellyfish, Haliclystus octoradiatus, indicates that it is fundamentally different from that of other scyphozoans and is the most structurally complex within the class. Oocytes develop within a series of spherical, sac-like ovarian follicles consisting of an enlarged intercellular space between two layers of subumbrellar gastrodermis. Developing oocytes are largely restricted to a thin germinal epithelium at the periphery of each follicle and gradually migrate toward the lumen as they mature. Individual oocytes are surrounded by early germ cells and follicle-like accessory cells of presumed somatic origin. Similar folliclelike cells have not been described in the Cnidaria previously. Vitellogenesis appears to involve the combined activity of the Golgi complex and associated rough endoplasmic reticulum. Ovarian morphology may be helpful in deciphering phylogenetic relationships within the Cnidaria. (C) 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 UNIV MAINE, DEPT ANIM VET & AQUAT SCI, ORONO, ME 04469 USA. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, BRUNSWICK, GA 31520 USA. RP ECKELBARGER, KJ (reprint author), UNIV MAINE, DARLING MARINE CTR, WALPOLE, ME 04573 USA. NR 41 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0362-2525 EI 1097-4687 J9 J MORPHOL JI J. Morphol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 218 IS 2 BP 225 EP 236 DI 10.1002/jmor.1052180210 PG 12 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA ME674 UT WOS:A1993ME67400009 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, JG BLODGETT, RB AF JOHNSON, JG BLODGETT, RB TI RUSSIAN DEVONIAN BRACHIOPOD GENERA CYRTINOIDES AND KOMIELLA IN NORTH-AMERICA SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALASKA AB The Middle Devonian brachiopod genus Cyrtinoides, described from the southern Urals, is a senior subjective synonym of Mucroclipeus, previously known only from eastern and western North America, The Middle and Late Devonian cyrtinid brachiopod genus Komiella, previously known only from the Timan Range of eastern Europe, is identified from west-central Alaska and Nevada. A new family Komiellidae is proposed. New species are Komiella gilberti, K. magnasulca, and K. stenoparva. Known species of both genera occupy carbonate platform foreslope facies or shelf basins, allowing open marine migration via peripheral biofacies. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092. RP JOHNSON, JG (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOSCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3360 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 67 IS 6 BP 952 EP 958 PG 7 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA ML948 UT WOS:A1993ML94800006 ER PT J AU HOLLAND, FD POJETA, J AF HOLLAND, FD POJETA, J TI CASTER,KENNETH,EDWARD - (1908-1992) SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Item About an Individual C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. RP HOLLAND, FD (reprint author), UNIV N DAKOTA,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3360 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 67 IS 6 BP 1095 EP 1096 PG 2 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA ML948 UT WOS:A1993ML94800029 ER PT J AU BOREN, JC LOCHMILLER, RL LESLIE, DM ENGLE, DM AF BOREN, JC LOCHMILLER, RL LESLIE, DM ENGLE, DM TI LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF WOODY VEGETATION MANAGEMENT ON SEASONAL BODY CONDITION OF NORTHERN BOBWHITES SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE COLINUS VIRGINIANUS; HERBICIDE; NUTRITION; PRESCRIBED BURNING ID CROSS TIMBERS; TEBUTHIURON; HERBICIDES; RESPONSES AB We investigated effects of season and brush management on body condition of northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) in the Cross Timbers ecosystem of central Oklahoma. Quail were collected seasonally and body condition assessed by necropsy and analysis of percent fat, protein, and ash in the carcass. Brush management by herbicide, herbicide + fire, and mechanical removal had minimal long-term effects on body condition. However, we found significant seasonal differences in weights of the gizzard, gizzard fat, liver, and lipid reserves (body and gizzard fat). With respect to condition, we concluded that northern bobwhites derived no long-term benefits from brush management programs in the Cross Timbers ecosystem of central Oklahoma. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,OKLAHOMA COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,STILLWATER,OK 74078. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,STILLWATER,OK 74078. RP BOREN, JC (reprint author), OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,STILLWATER,OK 74078, USA. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 46 IS 6 BP 520 EP 523 DI 10.2307/4002864 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MG313 UT WOS:A1993MG31300011 ER PT J AU JEWELL, PW STALLARD, RF MELLOR, GL AF JEWELL, PW STALLARD, RF MELLOR, GL TI NUMERICAL-STUDIES OF BOTTOM SHEAR-STRESS AND SEDIMENT DISTRIBUTION ON THE AMAZON CONTINENTAL-SHELF SO JOURNAL OF SEDIMENTARY PETROLOGY LA English DT Article ID WESTERN EQUATORIAL ATLANTIC; HUDSON-RARITAN ESTUARY; RIVER SEDIMENT; QUATERNARY SEDIMENTATION; PHYSICAL OBSERVATIONS; PEAK DISCHARGE; PLUME REGION; EAST CHINA; MODEL; RESUSPENSION AB The relation between bottom shear stress and the distribution of bottom sediments on the Amazon continental shelf has been studied using a three-dimensional, primitive-equation computer model that incorporates the turbulence-closure scheme of Mellor and Yamada (1982) for calculating eddy diffusivity and a simple algorithm for computing nonlinear wave-current influences on bottom shear stress. Model results compare reasonably well with salinity data sets for the Amazon plume. Model results on distribution of bottom currents and bottom shear stresses help explain some of the observed sedimentological features of the Amazon continental shelf. High concentrations of suspended sediment in the Amazon River are transported outward over the continental shelf and northward by the North Brazil Coastal Current. As this sediment settles out of the water column, it forms the prograding, subaqueous delta described by Nittrouer et al. (1986). Accumulation rates are greatest shoreward of the 40-m isobath due to a zone of convergent, cross-shelf residual tidal velocities. Little sediment is deposited in the shallow parts of the shelf, where bottom shear stress exceeds 10 dynes/cm2 over a diurnal tidal cycle. Zones of laminated sand and mud on the Amazon continental shelf coincide with areas of high interseasonal differences in bottom shear stress. Our results suggest that our model may be useful in interpreting sedimentation in ancient sedimentary basins as well. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. PRINCETON UNIV,ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI PROGRAM,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. RP JEWELL, PW (reprint author), UNIV UTAH,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84112, USA. RI Stallard, Robert/H-2649-2013 OI Stallard, Robert/0000-0001-8209-7608 NR 56 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 1731 E 71ST STREET, TULSA, OK 74136-5108 SN 0022-4472 J9 J SEDIMENT PETROL PD NOV PY 1993 VL 63 IS 6 SU S BP 734 EP 745 PG 12 WC Geology SC Geology GA MN570 UT WOS:A1993MN57000001 ER PT J AU BELKIN, HE DEVIVO, B AF BELKIN, HE DEVIVO, B TI FLUID INCLUSION STUDIES OF EJECTED NODULES FROM PLINIAN ERUPTIONS OF MT SOMMA-VESUVIUS SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MELT INCLUSIONS; MAGMA CHAMBER; PRESSURE; GEOBAROMETRY; TEMPERATURES; H2O-CO2; MODEL AB Mt. Somma-Vesuvius (Naples, Italy) has erupted potassium-rich and silica-undersaturated products during a complicated history of plinian and non-plinian events. Coarse-grained cognate nodules are commonly found in the pyroclastics and are upper crustal in origin. We examined cumulate and subeffusive nodules from the 3800 y.B.P. Avellino, A.D. 79 Pompei, and A.D. 472 Pollena eruptions. Silicate-melt and liquid-vapor fluid inclusion studies in clinopyroxene from both types of nodules have been used to assess the fluids attending crystallization and to place constraints on the pressure and temperature of nodule formation. Thermometric and volumetric data from primary and pseudosecondary CO2-H2O and CO2 and coeval silicate-melt fluid inclusions indicate that they were trapped at a pressure of similar to 1 to similar to 2.5 kbar at similar to 1200 degrees C. This suggests a crystallization depth of similar to 4 to similar to 10 km. The H2O-bearing fluid inclusions are abundant from plinian eruptions in contrast to non-plinian eruptions where H2O-bearing fluid inclusions were rare. The presence of primary H2O-CO2 fluid inclusions indicates that an immiscible, supercritical H2O-CO2 fluid was in the nodule-forming environment. The H2O-bearing fluid inclusions in plinian nodules may record a higher pre-eruptive H2O content in the bulk magma that is dramatically reflected in the eruption dynamics. C1 UNIV NAPOLI FEDERICO II,DIPARTIMENTO GEOFIS & VULCANOL,I-80138 NAPLES,ITALY. RP BELKIN, HE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MAIL STOP 959,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. OI Belkin, Harvey/0000-0001-7879-6529 NR 31 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 58 IS 1-4 BP 89 EP 100 DI 10.1016/0377-0273(93)90103-X PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MT776 UT WOS:A1993MT77600006 ER PT J AU BELKIN, HE KILBURN, CRJ DEVIVO, B AF BELKIN, HE KILBURN, CRJ DEVIVO, B TI SAMPLING AND MAJOR-ELEMENT CHEMISTRY OF THE RECENT (AD 1631-1944) VESUVIUS ACTIVITY SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GEOLOGICAL-MATERIALS AB Detailed sampling of the Vesuvius lavas erupted in the period A.D. 1631-1944 provides a suite of samples for comprehensive chemical analyses and related studies. Major elements (Si, Ti, Al, Fe-total, Mn, Mg, Ca, Na, K and P), volatile species (Cl, F, S, H2O+, H2O- and CO2), and ferrous iron (Fe2+) were determined for one hundred and forty-nine lavas and five tephra from the A.D. 1631-1944 Vesuvius activity. The lavas represent a relatively homogeneous suite with respect to SiO2, TiO2, FeOtotal, MnO and P2O5, but show systematic variations among MgO, K2O, Na2O, Al2O3 and CaO. The average SiO2 content is 48.0 wt.% and the rocks are classified as tephriphonolites according to their content of alkalis. All of the lavas are silica-undersaturated and are nepheline,leucite, and olivine normative. There is no systematic variation in major-element composition with time, over the period A.D. 1631-1944. The inter-eruption and intra-eruption compositional differences are the same magnitude. The lavas are highly porphyritic with clinopyroxene and leucite as the major phases. Fractionation effects are not reflected in the silica content of the lavas. The variability of MgO, K2O, Na2O, and CaO can be modelled as a relative depletion or accumulation of clinopyroxene. C1 OSSERV VESUVIANO,CTR SORVEGLIANZA,I-80123 NAPLES,ITALY. UNIV NAPOLI FEDERICO II,DIPARTIMENTO GEOFIS & VULCANOL,I-80138 NAPLES,ITALY. RP BELKIN, HE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MAIL STOP 959,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. OI Belkin, Harvey/0000-0001-7879-6529 NR 30 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 58 IS 1-4 BP 273 EP 290 DI 10.1016/0377-0273(93)90113-6 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MT776 UT WOS:A1993MT77600016 ER PT J AU GIBBS, AE HEIN, JR LEWIS, SD MCCULLOCH, DS AF GIBBS, AE HEIN, JR LEWIS, SD MCCULLOCH, DS TI HYDROTHERMAL PALYGORSKITE AND FERROMANGANESE MINERALIZATION AT A CENTRAL CALIFORNIA MARGIN FRACTURE-ZONE SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; COBALT; CRUSTS; OCEAN; RICH AB Ferromanganese oxyhydroxide crusts and nodules associated with palygorskite were recovered from the Santa Lucia Escarpment where the Morro Fracture Zone intersects the central California continental margin. Palygorskite was found in pure, high-Mg, low-Al, boxwork-textured veins, and disseminated in poorly consolidated palygorskite-rich mudstone. The purity of the palygorskite boxwork blades and the boxwork structure suggest formation by direct precipitation rather than by diagenetic or detrital processes. Interaction of hydrothermal fluids with oceanic basalt and/or deeper ultramafic rocks produced a Mg-Si enriched fluid supersaturated with respect to palygorskite that precipitated directly from the fluid at or near the seafloor. The close association of Fe-Mn crusts and nodules with both the palygorskite-rich mudstone and boxwork-vein palygorskite suggests a genetic link between the three types of mineralization. Mixed origin hydrothermal-hydrogenetic Fe-Mn crusts, with up to 50% hydrothermal input, formed contemporaneously with and subsequent to palygorskite formation. Fe Mn nodules collected in the same dredge are of combined hydrogenetic and diagenetic origin and appear to be unrelated to hydrothermal mineralization that produced the crusts and palygorskite. The thickness of the Fe Mn crusts and rare diatom fragments within the mudstone suggest an age of formation between 13 and 5 Ma. RP GIBBS, AE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS 999,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 36 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 115 IS 1-2 BP 47 EP 65 DI 10.1016/0025-3227(93)90074-6 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA MP540 UT WOS:A1993MP54000005 ER PT J AU IVERSON, RM AF IVERSON, RM TI DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS GOVERNING SLIP-INDUCED PORE-PRESSURE FLUCTUATIONS IN A WATER-SATURATED GRANULAR MEDIUM SO MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LANDSLIDE; FAULT; MIXTURE THEORY; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; PORE PRESSURE; DYNAMIC POROELASTICITY ID ELASTIC POROUS-MEDIA; FLOW; FAILURE; WAVES AB Macroscopic frictional slip in water-saturated granular media occurs commonly during landsliding, surface faulting, and intense bedload transport. A mathematical model of dynamic pore-pressure fluctuations that accompany and influence such sliding is derived here by both inductive and deductive methods. The inductive derivation shows how the governing differential equations represent the physics of the steadily sliding array of cylindrical fiberglass rods investigated experimentally by Iverson and LaHusen (1989). The deductive derivation shows how the same equations result from a novel application of Biot's (1956) dynamic mixture theory to macroscopic deformation. The model consists of two linear differential equations and five initial and boundary conditions that govern solid displacements and pore-water pressures. Solid displacements and water pressures are strongly coupled, in part through a boundary condition that ensures mass conservation during irreversible pore deformation that occurs along the bumpy slip surface. Feedback between this deformation and the pore-pressure field may yield complex system responses. The dual derivations of the model help explicate key assumptions. For example, the model requires that the dimensionless parameter B, defined here through normalization of Biot's equations, is much larger than one. This indicates that solid-fluid coupling forces are dominated by viscous rather than inertial effects. A tabulation of physical and kinematic variables for the rod-array experiments of Iverson and LaHusen and for various geologic phenomena shows that the model assumptions commonly are satisfied. A subsequent paper will describe model tests against experimental data. RP IVERSON, RM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,5400 MACARTHUR BLVD,VANCOUVER,WA 98661, USA. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0882-8121 J9 MATH GEOL JI Math. Geol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1027 EP 1048 DI 10.1007/BF00911548 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Geology; Mathematics GA MJ375 UT WOS:A1993MJ37500003 ER PT J AU CURRY, S SCHUCKMAN, K AF CURRY, S SCHUCKMAN, K TI PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE USE OF AIRBORNE GPS FOR PHOTOGRAMMETRY SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB The term ''GPS photogrammetry'' is applied to the use of an airborne global positioning system (GPS) receiver in conjunction with the collection of aerial photography. There are two important reasons to use airborne GPS: to perform accurate flight-line navigation, and to reduce the amount of ground control required for the aerotriangulation adjustment. Research has shown that the use of GPS-derived camera exposure centers in aerotriangulation can greatly reduce or even eliminate the need for ground control. A number of successful tests have been conducted in research environments where great care has been taken to control systematic errors, and bundle adjustment programs have been specially modified to incorporate GPS-derived exposure stations. The photogrammetric mapping community has recognized the potential savings in time, effort, and expense offered by the use of GPS photogrammetry. The success of the photographic mission, however, depends on a good understanding of the operational requirements, and their effect on flight planning and data processing. There are many practical issues that must be addressed before undertaking a GPS photogrammetry project. These issues include selecting and mounting a GPS antenna on the aircraft, connecting the GPS receiver to the aerial camera, and determining the offset vector from the phase center of the GPS antenna to the camera nodal point. Knowledge of the basics of the global positioning system, GPS data processing and photogrammetric block adjustments is also required. C1 TRIMBLE NAVIGAT,SUNNYVALE,CA 94088. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 59 IS 11 BP 1611 EP 1617 PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA ML640 UT WOS:A1993ML64000004 ER PT J AU PERSONIUS, SF KELSEY, HM GRABAU, PC AF PERSONIUS, SF KELSEY, HM GRABAU, PC TI EVIDENCE FOR REGIONAL STREAM AGGRADATION IN THE CENTRAL OREGON COAST RANGE DURING THE PLEISTOCENE-HOLOCENE TRANSITION SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA; HOLLOWS; CALIBRATION; WASHINGTON; CHANNELS; DEPOSITS; HISTORY; EROSION; RIVER; AGES C1 HUMBOLDT STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOL,ARCATA,CA 95521. KW BROWN & ASSOCIATES INC,BELLINGHAM,WA 98226. RP PERSONIUS, SF (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,BOX 25046,MS 966,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 33 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 40 IS 3 BP 297 EP 308 DI 10.1006/qres.1993.1083 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA MJ015 UT WOS:A1993MJ01500003 ER PT J AU DAVIS, PA BREED, CS MCCAULEY, JF SCHABER, GG AF DAVIS, PA BREED, CS MCCAULEY, JF SCHABER, GG TI SURFICIAL GEOLOGY OF THE SAFSAF REGION, SOUTH-CENTRAL EGYPT, DERIVED FROM REMOTE-SENSING AND FIELD DATA SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID THEMATIC MAPPER DATA; SELIMA SAND SHEET; EASTERN SAHARA; MULTISPECTRAL DATA; ACHEULIAN SITES; RADAR RIVERS; DISCRIMINATION; PALEODRAINAGES; SCATTERING; IMAGES AB We used a decorrelation-stretched image of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) Bands 1, 4, and 7 and field data to map and describe the main surficial units in the hyperarid Safsaf region in south-central Egypt. We show that the near-infrared bands on Landsat TM, which are sensitive to very subtle changes in mineralogy common to arid regions, significantly improve the geologist's capability to discriminate geologic units in desert regions. These data also provide the spatial and spectral information necessary to determine the migration patterns and provenance of eolian materials. The Safsaf area was the focus Of our post-flight field studies using Shuttle Imaging Radar (SIR) data following the discovery of buried paleo-channels in North Africa. Most of the channels discernible on SIR images are not expressed in TM data, but traces of a few channels are present in both the SIR and the TM data within the Wadi Safsaf area. Here we present a detailed digital examination of the SIR and the TM-band reflectance and reflectance-ratio data at three locations of the more obvious surface expressions of the buried channels. Our results indicate that the TM expressions of the channels are not purely topographic but are more compositional in nature. Two possibilities may account for the TM expressions of the buried channels: 1) concentrations of windblown, iron-rich materials that accumulated along subtle curvilinear topographic traps, or 2) curvilinear exposures of an iron-rich underlying unit Of the flat sand sheet. C1 NO ARIZONA UNIV,DEPT GEOL,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86011. RP DAVIS, PA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,ASTROGEOL BRANCH,2255 N GEMINI DR,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001, USA. NR 49 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 46 IS 2 BP 183 EP 203 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(93)90094-E PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA MD665 UT WOS:A1993MD66500007 ER PT J AU CONWAY, CM CONDIE, KC NOLL, PD AF CONWAY, CM CONDIE, KC NOLL, PD TI GEOCHEMICAL AND DETRITAL MODE EVIDENCE FOR 2 SOURCES OF EARLY PROTEROZOIC SEDIMENTARY-ROCKS FROM THE TONTO BASIN SUPERGROUP, CENTRAL ARIZONA - REPLY SO SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY LA English DT Note C1 NEW MEXICO INST MIN & TECHNOL,DEPT GEOSCI,SOCORRO,NM 87801. RP CONWAY, CM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,2255 N GEMINI DR,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001, USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0037-0738 J9 SEDIMENT GEOL JI Sediment. Geol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 87 IS 3-4 BP 241 EP 244 DI 10.1016/0037-0738(93)90007-R PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA MQ041 UT WOS:A1993MQ04100007 ER PT J AU ZIGLER, SJ JENNINGS, CA AF ZIGLER, SJ JENNINGS, CA TI GROWTH AND MORTALITY OF LARVAL SUNFISH IN BACKWATERS OF THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CLASS STRENGTH; OTOLITHS; FISHES; LAKE AB We estimated the growth and mortality of larval sunfish Lepomis spp. in backwater habitats of the upper Mississippi River with an otolith-based method and a length-based method. Fish were sampled with plankton nets at one station in Navigation Pools 8 and 14 in 1989 and at two stations in Pool 8 in 1990. For both methods, growth was modeled with an exponential equation, and instantaneous mortality was estimated by regressing the natural logarithm of fish catch for each 1-mm size-group against the estimated age of the group, which was derived from the growth equations. At two of the stations, the otolith-based method provided more precise estimates of sunfish growth than the length-based method. We were able to compare length-based and otolith-based estimates of sunfish mortality only at the two stations where we caught the largest numbers of sunfish. Estimates of mortality were similar for both methods in Pool 14, where catches were higher, but the length-based method gave significantly higher estimates in Pool 8, where the catches were lower. The otolith-based method required more laboratory analysis, but provided better estimates of the growth and mortality than the length-based method when catches were low. However, the length-based method was more cost-effective for estimating growth and mortality when catches were large. RP ZIGLER, SJ (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR,POB 818,LA CROSSE,WI 54602, USA. OI Zigler, Steven/0000-0002-4153-0652 NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 122 IS 6 BP 1080 EP 1087 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1993)122<1080:GAMOLS>2.3.CO;2 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA MM664 UT WOS:A1993MM66400005 ER PT J AU KIEFFER, MC KYNARD, B AF KIEFFER, MC KYNARD, B TI ANNUAL MOVEMENTS OF SHORTNOSE AND ATLANTIC STURGEONS IN THE MERRIMACK RIVER, MASSACHUSETTS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ACIPENSER-BREVIROSTRUM AB We used biotelemetry to study the movements of 23 adult shortnose sturgeons Acipenser brevirostrum and 23 subadult Atlantic sturgeons Acipenser oxyrhynchus oxyrhynchus in the lower 46 km of the Merrimack River between 1987 and 1990. Shortnose sturgeons used two freshwater reaches and one saline reach annually. Sexually mature fish began moving upriver from freshwater wintering areas to a spawning site in April, when increasing river temperature reached about 7-degrees-C and decreasing river discharge reached about 570 m3/s. Following spawning in late April-early May, fish moved downriver either to a freshwater reach where they remained all year or farther downriver to a saline reach where they remained for up to 6 weeks. After fish used the saline reach, they returned upriver to fresh water. Atlantic sturgeons entered the river from coastal waters by mid-late May, when increasing river temperatures reached 14.8-19.0-degrees-C and decreasing river discharge reached 303-675 m3/s, occupying a saline reach with 0.0-27.5 parts-per-thousand salinity. After using the same saline reach visited briefly in spring by shortnose sturgeons, Atlantic sturgeons emigrated from the river by October when maximum river temperatures were 13.0-18.4-degrees-C. We observed no tagged Atlantic sturgeons in the river in successive years. Except for use of the saline reach during spring, the two species were spatially separate. RP KIEFFER, MC (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,CONTE ANADROMOUS FISH RES CTR,1 MIGRATORY WAY,POB 796,TURNERS FALLS,MA 01376, USA. NR 26 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 122 IS 6 BP 1088 EP 1103 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1993)122<1088:AMOSAA>2.3.CO;2 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA MM664 UT WOS:A1993MM66400006 ER PT J AU MESA, MG OLSON, TM AF MESA, MG OLSON, TM TI PROLONGED SWIMMING PERFORMANCE OF NORTHERN SQUAWFISH SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID JOHN-DAY-RESERVOIR; COLUMBIA RIVER; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; PTYCHOCHEILUS-OREGONENSIS; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; COHO SALMON; FISHES; TEMPERATURE; CONSUMPTION; COLORADO AB We determined the prolonged swimming performance of two size-classes of northern squawfish Ptychocheilus oregonensis at 12 and 18-degrees-C. The percentage of fish fatigued was positively related to water velocity and best described by an exponential model. At 12-degrees-C, the velocity at which 50% of the fish fatigued (FVSO) was estimated to be 2.91 fork lengths per second (FL/s; 100 cm/s) for medium-sized fish (30-39 cm) and 2.45 FL/s (104 cm/s) for large fish (40-49 cm). At 18-degrees-C, estimated FV50 was 3.12 FL/s (107 cm/s) for medium fish and 2.65 FL/s (112 cm/s) for large fish. Rate of change in percent fatigue was affected by fish size and water temperature. Large fish fatigued at a higher rate than medium-sized fish; all fish fatigued faster at 12 than at 18-degrees-C. The mean times to fatigue at velocities of 102-115 cm/s ranged from 14 to 28 min and were not affected by fish size or water temperature. Our results indicate that water velocities from 100 to 130 cm/s may exclude or reduce predation by northern squawfish around juvenile salmonid bypass outfalls at Columbia River dams, at least during certain times of the year. We recommend that construction or modification of juvenile salmonid bypass facilities place the outfall in an area of high water velocity and distant from eddies, submerged cover, and littoral areas. RP MESA, MG (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR,SEATTLE COLUMBIA RIVER FIELD STN,COOK,WA 98605, USA. NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 122 IS 6 BP 1104 EP 1110 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(0)122<1104:PSPONS>2.3.CO;2 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA MM664 UT WOS:A1993MM66400007 ER PT J AU KETOLA, HG HARLAND, BF AF KETOLA, HG HARLAND, BF TI INFLUENCE OF PHOSPHORUS IN RAINBOW-TROUT DIETS ON PHOSPHORUS DISCHARGES IN EFFLUENT WATER SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID REQUIREMENT AB Two experiments were conducted with rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss to investigate the influence of several diets and supplemental phosphorus on discharges of phosphorus in hatchery effluent water. A diet was formulated to contain no fish meal and a reduced level of non-phytin phosphorus (approximately 0.9%) provided, in part, by supplemental defluorinated rock phosphate, which has a low solubility in water. Feeding rainbow trout this diet supported 86% of the growth attained with a conventional hatchery diet while discharges of phosphorus in the effluents decreased by 40-51%. C1 HOWARD UNIV,COLL ALLIED HLTH SCI,DEPT NUTR SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20059. RP KETOLA, HG (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,TUNISON LAB FISH NUTR,CORTLAND,NY 13045, USA. NR 17 TC 78 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 122 IS 6 BP 1120 EP 1126 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1993)122<1120:IOPIRT>2.3.CO;2 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA MM664 UT WOS:A1993MM66400009 ER PT J AU SWINK, WD AF SWINK, WD TI EFFECT OF WATER TEMPERATURE ON SEA LAMPREY GROWTH AND LAKE TROUT SURVIVAL SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Note ID PETROMYZON-MARINUS; ATTACK AB Percent mortality of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush subjected to single sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus attacks did not differ significantly between lower-temperature (mortality = 54%; temperature less-than-or-equal-to 10-degrees-C; N = 33) and higher-temperature (mortality = 69%; temperature = 12.8-14.4-degrees-C;N = 45) laboratory studies conducted from 1 June to 28 November 1989. However, sea lampreys fed longer and killed fewer fish in colder water (mean attachment 467.0 h; 18 fish killed) than in warmer water (mean attachment 161.7 h; 31 fish killed), probably because food consumption was lower in colder water. These results indicate that the number of fish killed by sea lampreys could be much greater in warmer water and that temperature must be considered when fish losses from sea lamprey attacks are estimated. RP SWINK, WD (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERY RES CTR,HAMMOND BAY BIOL STN,11188 RAY RD,MILLERSBURG,MI 49759, USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 122 IS 6 BP 1161 EP 1166 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1993)122<1161:EOWTOS>2.3.CO;2 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA MM664 UT WOS:A1993MM66400014 ER PT J AU JETON, AE SMITH, JL AF JETON, AE SMITH, JL TI DEVELOPMENT OF WATERSHED MODELS FOR 2 SIERRA-NEVADA BASINS USING A GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEM SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE WATERSHED MODEL; VECTOR AND RASTER DATA; DISTRIBUTED PARAMETER; HYDROLOGIC-RESPONSE UNIT; GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM; PATTERN IDENTIFICATION NUMBER AB Techniques were developed using vector and raster data in a geographic information system (GIS) to define the spatial variability of watershed characteristics in the north-central Sierra Nevada of California and Nevada and to assist in computing model input parameters. The U.S. Geological Survey's Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System, a physically based, distributed-parameter watershed model, simulates runoff for a basin by partitioning a watershed into areas that each have a homogeneous hydrologic response to precipitation or snowmelt. These land units, known as hydrologic-response units (HRU's), are characterized according to physical properties, such as altitude, slope, aspect, land cover, soils, and geology, and climate patterns. Digital data were used to develop a GIS data base and HRU classification for the American River and Carson River basins. The following criteria are used in delineating HRU's: (1) Data layers are hydrologically significant and have a resolution appropriate to the watershed's natural spatial variability, (2) the technique for delineating HRU's accommodates different classification criteria and is reproducible, and (3) HRU's are not limited by hydrographic-subbasin boundaries. HRU's so defined are spatially noncontiguous. The result is an objective, efficient methodology for characterizing a watershed and for delineating HRU's. Also, digital data can be analyzed and transformed to assist in defining parameters and in calibrating the model. RP JETON, AE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,333 W NYE LANE,CARSON CITY,NV 89706, USA. NR 3 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 29 IS 6 BP 923 EP 932 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA MW603 UT WOS:A1993MW60300007 ER PT J AU ZELT, RB DUGAN, JT AF ZELT, RB DUGAN, JT TI SIMULATION AND MAPPING OF SOIL-WATER CONDITIONS IN THE GREAT-PLAINS SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE GREAT PLAINS; GROUNDWATER RECHARGE; SOIL-WATER BALANCE; SIMULATION; INFILTRATION AND SOIL MOISTURE AB Soil-water conditions provide valuable insight into the hydrologic system in an area. A soil-water balance quantitatively summarizes soil-water conditions and is based on climatic, soil, and vegetation characteristics that vary spatially and temporally. Soil-water balances in the Great Plains of the central United States were simulated for 1951-1980. Results of the simulations were mean annual estimates of infiltration, runoff, actual evapotranspiration, potential recharge, and consumptive water and irrigation requirements at 152 climatic data stations. A method was developed using a geographic information system to integrate and map the simulation results on the basis of spatially variable climatic, soil, and vegetation characteristics. As an example, simulated mean annual potential recharge was mapped. Mean annual potential-recharge rates ranged from less than 0.5 inch in much of the north-central and southwestern Great Plains to more than 10 inches in parts of eastern Texas and southwestern Arkansas. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,LINCOLN,NE 68508. RP ZELT, RB (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,4821 QUAIL CREST PL,LAWRENCE,KS 66049, USA. OI Zelt, Ronald/0000-0001-9024-855X NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 29 IS 6 BP 939 EP 948 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA MW603 UT WOS:A1993MW60300009 ER PT J AU JURACEK, KE KENNY, JF AF JURACEK, KE KENNY, JF TI MANAGEMENT AND ANALYSIS OF WATER-USE DATA USING A GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEM SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM; WATER-USE DATA; RELATIONAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT; NATIONAL WATER-USE INFORMATION PROGRAM; KANSAS AB As part of its mission, the U.S. Geological Survey conducts water-resources research. Site-specific and aggregate water-use data are used in the Survey's National Water-Use Information Program and in various hydrologic investigations. Both types of activities have specific requirements in terms of water-use data access, analysis, and display. In Kansas, the Survey obtains water-use information from several sources. Typically, this information is in a format that is not readily usable by the Survey. Geographic information system (GIS) technology is being used to restructure the available water-use data into a format that allows users to readily access and summarize site-specific water use data by source (i.e., surface or ground water), type of use, and user-defined area. RP JURACEK, KE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,4821 QUAIL CREST PL,LAWRENCE,KS 66049, USA. RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 29 IS 6 BP 973 EP 979 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA MW603 UT WOS:A1993MW60300013 ER PT J AU KALKHOFF, SJ AF KALKHOFF, SJ TI USING A GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEM TO DETERMINE THE RELATION BETWEEN STREAM QUALITY AND GEOLOGY IN THE ROBERTS-CREEK WATERSHED, CLAYTON COUNTY, IOWA SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS; GEOLOGY; WATER QUALITY; NUTRIENTS; KARST AB A geographic information system (GIS) was used to determine the relation between the stream-water quality and underlying geology in Roberts Creek watershed, Clayton County, Iowa, for base-flow conditions during the spring and summer of 1988-90. Geologic, stream, basin and subbasin boundaries, and water-quality sampling-site coverages were created by digitizing available maps. A contour coverage was created from digital line-graph data. The areal extent of geologic units subcropping in each subbasin was quantified with GIS, and the results then were output and joined with the discharge and water-quality data for statistical analyses. Illustrations showing the geology of the study area and the results of the study were prepared using GIS. By using GIS and a statistical software package, a weak but statistically significant relation was found between the water temperature, pH, and nitrogen concentrations in Roberts Creek and the underlying geology during base-flow conditions. RP KALKHOFF, SJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,POB 1230,400 S CLINTON ST,IOWA CITY,IA 52244, USA. OI Kalkhoff, Stephen/0000-0003-4110-1716 NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 29 IS 6 BP 989 EP 996 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA MW603 UT WOS:A1993MW60300015 ER PT J AU BATTAGLIN, WA HAY, LE PARKER, RS LEAVESLEY, GH AF BATTAGLIN, WA HAY, LE PARKER, RS LEAVESLEY, GH TI APPLICATIONS OF A GIS FOR MODELING THE SENSITIVITY OF WATER-RESOURCES TO ALTERATIONS IN CLIMATE IN THE GUNNISON RIVER BASIN, COLORADO SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM; CLIMATE CHANGE; HYDROLOGIC MODELS; VISUALIZATION AB The Gunnison River drains a mountainous basin in western Colorado, and is a large contributor of water to the Colorado River. As part of a study to assess water resource sensitivity to alterations in climate in the Gunnison River basin, climatic and hydrologic processes are being modeled. A geographic information system (GIS) is being used in this study as a link between data and modelers - serving as a common data base for project personnel with differing specialties, providing a means to investigate the effects of scale on model results, and providing a framework for the transfer of parameter values among models. Specific applications presented include: (1) developing elevation grids for a precipitation model from digital elevation model (DEM) point-elevation values, and visualizing the effects of grid resolution on model results; (2) using a GIS to facilitate the definition and parameterization of a distributed-parameters, watershed model in multiple basins; and (3) nesting atmospheric and hydrologic models to produce possible scenarios of climate change. RP BATTAGLIN, WA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,BOX 25046,MS 406,DENVER FED CTR,LAKEWOOD,CO 80225, USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1021 EP 1028 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA MW603 UT WOS:A1993MW60300019 ER PT J AU MILLY, PCD AF MILLY, PCD TI AN ANALYTIC SOLUTION OF THE STOCHASTIC STORAGE PROBLEM APPLICABLE TO SOIL-WATER SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB The accumulation of soil water during rainfall events and the subsequent depletion of soil water by evaporation between storms can be described, to first order, by simple accounting models. When the alternating supplies (precipitation) and demands (potential evaporation) are viewed as random variables, it follows that soil-water storage, evaporation, and runoff are also random variables. If the forcing (supply and demand) processes are stationary for a sufficiently long period of time, an asymptotic regime should eventually be reached where the probability distribution functions of storage, evaporation, and runoff are stationary and uniquely determined by the distribution functions of the forcing. Under the assumptions that the potential evaporation rate is constant, storm arrivals are Poisson-distributed, rainfall is instantaneous, and storm depth follows an exponential distribution, it is possible to derive the asymptotic distributions of storage, evaporation, and runoff analytically for a simple balance model. A particular result is that the fraction of rainfall converted to runoff is given by (1 - R-1)/(e(alpha(1-R-1)) - R-1), in which R is the ratio of mean potential evaporation to mean rainfall and alpha is the ratio of soil water-holding capacity to mean storm depth. The problem considered here is analogous to the well-known problem of storage in a reservoir behind a dam, for which the present work offers a new solution for reservoirs of finite capacity. A simple application of the results of this analysis suggests that random, intraseasonal fluctuations of precipitation cannot by themselves explain the observed dependence of the annual water balance on annual totals of precipitation and potential evaporation. RP MILLY, PCD (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,POB 308,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA. NR 6 TC 86 Z9 91 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 29 IS 11 BP 3755 EP 3758 DI 10.1029/93WR01934 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA MF770 UT WOS:A1993MF77000015 ER PT J AU ALEXANDER, RB SMITH, RA SCHWARZ, GE AF ALEXANDER, RB SMITH, RA SCHWARZ, GE TI CORRECTION OF STREAM QUALITY TRENDS FOR THE EFFECTS OF LABORATORY MEASUREMENT BIAS SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GASOLINE-LEAD CONSUMPTION; UNITED-STATES RIVERS; HISTORICAL CHANGES; WATER-QUALITY; REGRESSION; CALIBRATION AB We present a statistical model relating measurements of water quality to associated errors in laboratory methods. Estimation of the model allows us to correct trends in water quality for long-term and short-term variations in laboratory measurement errors. An illustration of the bias correction method for a large national set of stream water quality and quality assurance data shows that reductions in the bias of estimates of water quality trend slopes are achieved at the expense of increases in the variance of these estimates. Slight improvements occur in the precision of estimates of trend in bias by using correlative information on bias and water quality to estimate random variations in measurement bias. The results of this investigation stress the need for reliable, long-term quality assurance data and efficient statistical methods to assess the effects of measurement errors on the detection of water quality trends. RP ALEXANDER, RB (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,410 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 29 IS 11 BP 3821 EP 3833 DI 10.1029/93WR01708 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA MF770 UT WOS:A1993MF77000022 ER PT J AU HUGHES, S LUETGERT, JH CHRISTENSEN, NI AF HUGHES, S LUETGERT, JH CHRISTENSEN, NI TI RECONCILING DEEP SEISMIC-REFRACTION AND REFLECTION DATA FROM THE GRENVILLIAN-APPALACHIAN BOUNDARY IN WESTERN NEW-ENGLAND SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SHEAR-WAVE VELOCITIES; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; ROCKS; GRANULITE; OROGENY; KBAR AB The Grenvillian-Appalachian boundary is characterized by pervasive mylonitic deformation and retrograde alteration of a suite of imbricated allochthonous and parautochthonous gneisses that were thrust upon the Grenvillian continental margin during the lower Paleozoic. Seismic reflection profiling across this structural boundary zone reveals prominent dipping reflectors interpreted as overthrust basement slices (parautochthons) of the Green Mountain Anticlinorium. In contrast, a seismic refraction study of the Grenvillian-Appalachian boundary reveals a sub-horizontally layered seismic velocity model that is difficult to reconcile with the pronounced sub-vertical structures observed in the Green mountains. A suite of rock samples was collected from the Green Mountain Anticlinorium and measured at high pressures in the laboratory to determine the seismic properties of these allochthonous and parautochthonous gneisses. The laboratory-measured seismic velocities agree favorably with the modelled velocity structure across the Grenvillian-Appalachian boundary suggesting that the rock samples are reliable indicators of the rock mass as whole. Samples of the parautochthonous Grenvillian basement exposed in the Green Mountains have lower velocities, by about 0.5 km/s, than lithologically equivalent units exposed in the eastern Adirondack Highlands. Velocity reduction in the Green Mountain parautochthons can be accounted for by retrograde metamorphic alteration (hydration) of the paragneisses. Seismic anisotropies, ranging from 2 to 12%, in the mylonitized Green Mountain paragneisses may also contribute to the observation of lower seismic velocities, where the direction of ray propagation is normal to the foliation. The velocity properties of the Green Mountain paragneisses are thus insufficiently different from the mantling Appalachian allochthons to permit their resolution by the Ontario-New York-New England seismic refraction profile. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT EARTH & ATMOSPHER SCI,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD OCT 30 PY 1993 VL 225 IS 4 BP 255 EP 269 DI 10.1016/0040-1951(93)90301-Y PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MF645 UT WOS:A1993MF64500002 ER PT J AU IZETT, GA COBBAN, WA OBRADOVICH, JD KUNK, MJ AF IZETT, GA COBBAN, WA OBRADOVICH, JD KUNK, MJ TI THE MANSON IMPACT STRUCTURE - AR-40/AR-39 AGE AND ITS DISTAL IMPACT EJECTA IN THE PIERRE SHALE IN SOUTHEASTERN SOUTH-DAKOTA SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CRETACEOUS-TERTIARY BOUNDARY; NEW-MEXICO; EVENT; TEKTITES; HAITI AB The Ar-40/Ar-39 ages of a sanidine clast from a melt-matrix breccia of the Manson, Iowa, impact structure (MIS) indicate that the MIS formed 73.8 +/- 0.3 million years ago (Ma) and is not coincident with the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary (64.43 +/- 0.05 Ma). The MIS sanidine is 9 million years older than Ar-40/Ar-39 age spectra of MIS shock-metamorphosed microcline and melt-matrix breccia interpreted earlier to be 64 to 65 Ma. Grains of shock-metamorphosed quartz, feldspar, and zircon were found in the Crow Creek Member (upper Campanian) at a biostratigraphic level constrained by radiometric ages in the Pierre Shale of South Dakota that are consistent with the Ar-40/Ar-39 age of 73.8 +/- 0.3 Ma for MIS reported herein. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. RP IZETT, GA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 45 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 29 PY 1993 VL 262 IS 5134 BP 729 EP 732 DI 10.1126/science.262.5134.729 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA MD952 UT WOS:A1993MD95200038 PM 17812340 ER PT J AU LIPMAN, PW AF LIPMAN, PW TI EARTHQUAKES AND VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS - A HANDBOOK ON RISK ASSESSMENT - TIEDEMANN,H SO NATURE LA English DT Book Review RP LIPMAN, PW (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,VOLCANO HAZARDS PROGRAM,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 28 PY 1993 VL 365 IS 6449 BP 795 EP 795 DI 10.1038/365795a0 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA MD951 UT WOS:A1993MD95100037 ER PT J AU OLIVER, HW MOORE, JG SIKORA, RF AF OLIVER, HW MOORE, JG SIKORA, RF TI INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE SIERRA-NEVADA BATHOLITH BASED ON SPECIFIC-GRAVITY AND GRAVITY MEASUREMENTS SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB About 6,000 specific-gravity (SG) measurements of samples collected from nearly 200 granitic plutons comprising the central Sierra Nevada batholith yield a SG contour map across the batholith from 36-25-degrees to 38-degrees north latitude. With notable exceptions, SG decreases from values generally greater than 2.7 in the west to less than 2.6 over a few small areas of high-silica, high-potassium granites near the east edge. A good correlation between measured SG and analyzed weight percent SiO2 enables estimation of average silica variations across the batholith. The average SG is 2.69 corresponding to an average of 68 wt. % SiO2 for the 18,000 km2 central part of the batholith. A 1-km gridded version of the SG measurements has been used to generate a series of synthetic gravity maps, assuming that the SG of rocks at the surface extends unchanged to various depths. The synthetic map computed for a depth of 10 km shows the best correspondence with the isostatic residual gravity map indicating that variations in the observed gravity residuals are largely caused by SG variations of the plutonic rocks exposed at the surface that apparently extend downward to an average depth of about 10 km. Although the 10-km synthetic gravity map gives the best overall fit to the observed gravity data, comparison of individual anomalies indicates that the bottoms of the plutons as defined by SG variations at the surface are generally shallower along the west edge of the Sierra Nevada (7 +/- 2 km) and deeper in the younger and more felsic eastern part (12 +/- 3 km). These depths do not necessarily represent a distinct base of the Sierra Nevada batholith. They may indicate the depth below which density homogenization occurs, either by igneous, or possibly, structural processes. RP US GEOL SURVEY, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 22 PY 1993 VL 20 IS 20 BP 2179 EP 2182 DI 10.1029/93GL01379 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA ME862 UT WOS:A1993ME86200007 ER PT J AU AGA, DS THURMAN, EM AF AGA, DS THURMAN, EM TI COUPLING SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION AND ENZYME-LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY FOR ULTRATRACE DETERMINATION OF HERBICIDES IN PRISTINE WATER SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ATRAZINE RESIDUES; IMMUNOASSAY; SOIL; ALACHLOR; CHROMATOGRAPHY AB Solid-phase extraction (SPE) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were coupled for automated trace analysis of pristine water samples containing 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamine-s-triazine (atrazine) and 2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide (alachlor). The isolation of the two herbicides on a C18-resin involved the selection of an elution solvent that both removes interfering substances and is compatible with ELISA. Ethyl acetate was selected as the elution solvent followed by a solvent exchange with methanol/water (20/80, % v/v). The SPE-ELISA method has a detection limit of 5.0 ng/L (5 ppt), >90% recovery, and a relative standard deviation of +/-10%. The performance of a microtiter plate-based ELISA and a magnetic particle-based ELISA coupled to SPE was also evaluated. Although the sensitivity of the two ELISA methods was comparable, the precision using magnetic particles was improved considerably (+/-10% versus +/-20%) because of the faster reaction kinetics provided by the magnetic particles. Finally, SPE-ELISA and isotope dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry correlated well (correlation coefficient of 0.96) for lake-water samples. The SPE-ELISA method is simple and may have broader applications for the inexpensive automated analysis of other contaminants in water at trace levels. RP US GEOL SURVEY, DIV WATER RESOURCES, 4821 QUAIL CREST PL, LAWRENCE, KS 66049 USA. RI Thurman, Earl/B-5131-2011 NR 28 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD OCT 15 PY 1993 VL 65 IS 20 BP 2894 EP 2898 DI 10.1021/ac00068a029 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA MC047 UT WOS:A1993MC04700031 ER PT J AU JENEY, G ANDERSON, DP AF JENEY, G ANDERSON, DP TI GLUCAN INJECTION OR BATH EXPOSURE GIVEN ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH A BACTERIN ENHANCE THE NONSPECIFIC DEFENSE-MECHANISMS IN RAINBOW-TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS) SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID SALMO-GAIRDNERI RICHARDSON; CYPRINUS-CARPIO; AEROMONAS-SALMONICIDA; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; CHANNEL CATFISH; IMMUNOSTIMULANTS; PROTECTION; RESISTANCE; INFECTION; INVITRO AB Elevations in the non-specific defence mechanisms were noted after trout were injected or bathed in glucan solutions or in solutions containing the glucan combined with a bacterin, Y. ruckeri O-antigen. Periodic non-lethal blood samples showed that neutrophil activity as evaluated by the ability of the cells to stick to glass and produce oxidative radicals as detected by the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) assay, rose after treatments within 2 days. Elevated phagocytosis, assessed by increased uptake of glutaraldehyde-treated sheep red blood cells, also confirmed these kinetics. The numbers of circulatory glass-adherent cells from fish given the glucans by injection or bath was twice the level of the sham-treated controls; likewise the phagocytic ratio also was two-fold higher. In following the kinetics of the non-specific defensive responses, the injection of the glucan caused an immediate, slight reduction of NBT staining cells and numbers of leukocytes before the 2-3 day rise; this was not obvious in the fish given the glucan by bath. The glucans could play an important role in the prevention of diseases in fish culture. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISH HLTH RES LAB,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV. RP JENEY, G (reprint author), FISH CULTURE RES INST,POB 47,H-5541 SZARVAS,HUNGARY. RI Jeney, Galina/E-8778-2011 NR 21 TC 83 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD OCT 15 PY 1993 VL 116 IS 4 BP 315 EP 329 DI 10.1016/0044-8486(93)90416-V PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA MC591 UT WOS:A1993MC59100003 ER PT J AU MANKINEN, EA CHAMPION, DE AF MANKINEN, EA CHAMPION, DE TI LATEST PLEISTOCENE AND HOLOCENE GEOMAGNETIC PALEOINTENSITY ON HAWAII SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EARTHS MAGNETIC-FIELD; RADIOCARBON TIME-SCALE; CHAINE-DES-PUYS; LASCHAMP EXCURSION; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; LAVA FLOWS; SEDIMENTS; FRANCE; PALAEOINTENSITY; CALIBRATION AB Geomagnetic paleointensity determinations from radiocarbon-dated lava flows on the island of Hawaii provide an estimate of broad trends in paleointensity for Holocene time and offer a glimpse of intensity variations near the end of the last glacial period. When the data from Hawaii are compared with others worldwide, the intensity of the geomagnetic field seems to have been reduced from the Holocene average by about 35 percent between 45,000 and 10,000 years ago. A long-term reduction of this magnitude is compatible with reported increases in the production rate of cosmogenic nuclides during the same interval. RP US GEOL SURVEY, MAIL STOP 937, 345 MIDDLEFIELD RD, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. NR 44 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 15 PY 1993 VL 262 IS 5132 BP 412 EP 416 DI 10.1126/science.262.5132.412 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA MB859 UT WOS:A1993MB85900055 PM 17789950 ER PT J AU DURHAM, WB KIRBY, SH STERN, LA AF DURHAM, WB KIRBY, SH STERN, LA TI FLOW OF ICES IN THE AMMONIA-WATER SYSTEM SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID PLANETOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS; SATELLITES; LITHOSPHERE; VOLCANISM; ENCELADUS; MIRANDA; LIQUID; STATE AB We have fabricated in the laboratory and subsequently deformed crystalline hydrates and partial melts of the water-rich end of the NH3-H2O system, with the aim of improving our understanding of physical processes occurring in icy moons of the outer solar system. Deformation experiments were carried out at constant strain rate. The range of experimental variables was strain rate 3.5 x 10(-7) < epsilon < 3.5 x 10(-4) s-1, temperature 132 < T < 220 K, pressure 50 less-than-or-equal-to P less-than-or-equal-to 100 MPa, and mole fraction NH3 0 less-than-or-equal-to X(NH3) less-than-or-equal-to 0.295. Phase relationships in the NH3-H2O system indicate that water ice and ammonia dihydrate, NH3 . 2H2O, are the stable phases under our experimental conditions. X ray diffraction of our samples usually revealed these as the dominant phases, but we have also observed an amorphous phase (in unpressurized samples only) and occasionally significant ammonia monohydrate, NH3 . H2O. The onset of partial melting at the peritectic temperature at about 176 K appeared as a sharp transition in strength observed in samples Of X(NH3) = 0.15 and 0.295. In samples Of x(NH3) = 0.05 and 0.01, the effect of melt was less pronounced. For any given water ice + dihydrate alloy in 'the subsolidus region, we observed one rheological law over the entire temperature range from 176 K to about 140 K. Below 140 K, a shear instability similar to that occurring in pure water ice under the same conditions limited our ability to measure ductile flow. The rheological laws for the several alloys vary systematically from that of pure ice to that of dihydrate. Pure dihydrate is about 4 orders of magnitude less viscous than water ice just below the peritectic temperature, but because of a very pronounced temperature dependence in dihydrate (100 kJ/mol versus 43 kJ/mol for water ice) the viscosity of dihydrate equals or exceeds that of water ice at T < 140 K. The large variation in viscosity of dihydrate with relatively small changes in temperature may be helpful in explaining the rich variety of tectonic and volcanic features seen on the surfaces of icy moons in the outer solar system. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP DURHAM, WB (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,L-201,BOX 808,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 31 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD OCT 10 PY 1993 VL 98 IS B10 BP 17667 EP 17682 DI 10.1029/93JB01564 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MC439 UT WOS:A1993MC43900004 ER PT J AU MORI, J AF MORI, J TI FAULT PLANE DETERMINATIONS FOR 3 SMALL EARTHQUAKES ALONG THE SAN-JACINTO FAULT, CALIFORNIA - SEARCH FOR CROSS FAULTS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID EASTERN TRANSVERSE RANGES; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; SUPERSTITION HILLS; SOURCE PARAMETERS; BLOCK ROTATION; NOVEMBER 1987; STRESS DROP; ZONE; SEISMICITY; SLIP AB Using rupture directivity and aftershock locations, three earthquakes (M(L) 4.2 - 4.3) were studied to determine which of the two nodal planes of the focal mechanism was the rupture plane. All three events occurred near the San Jacinto fault zone during December 1989 and February 1990 and had a large component of strike-slip motion with nodal planes oriented in the northeast and northwest directions. Smaller earthquakes were used as empirical Green functions to deconvolve the path and site complications from the short-period P waveforms. The resultant far-field source time functions were inverted for slip on a finite fault and tested to see which nodal plane provided a better fit to the data. The results of the waveform inversion showed that the earthquake near the Anza Gap (December 2, 1989) and the earthquake near San Bernardino (December 28, 1989) ruptured northwest trending planes. The earthquake near Buck Ridge (February 18, 1990) appeared to rupture a northeast trending plane, but the waveform results for this event were not considered as reliable. Available aftershock data for the three events were also examined using master event relocations. The aftershock sequence following the Buck Ridge event showed a clear lineation trending toward the northeast. The results of this study indicate that the Anza and San Bernardino earthquakes ruptured areas on or parallel to the San Jacinto fault, while the Buck Ridge event ruptured a northeast trending cross fault. In addition to determining the fault plane, the waveform analysis resolved details of the slip distribution for these relatively small earthquakes. RP MORI, J (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,525 S WILSON AVE,PASADENA,CA 91106, USA. NR 30 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD OCT 10 PY 1993 VL 98 IS B10 BP 17711 EP 17722 DI 10.1029/93JB01229 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MC439 UT WOS:A1993MC43900007 ER PT J AU DELANEY, PT MIKLIUS, A ARNADOTTIR, T OKAMURA, AT SAKO, MK AF DELANEY, PT MIKLIUS, A ARNADOTTIR, T OKAMURA, AT SAKO, MK TI MOTION OF KILAUEA VOLCANO DURING SUSTAINED ERUPTION FROM THE PUU-OO AND KUPAIANAHA VENTS, 1983-1991 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-FLANK; KALAPANA EARTHQUAKE; 1975 KALAPANA; NOVEMBER 29; HAWAII; MAGMA; TECTONICS; DEFORMATION; SYSTEMS; STORAGE AB Kilauea erupted almost continuously from January 1983 through 1991. Although the summit began subsiding during the rift zone dike intrusion that initiated this eruption, remarkably steady ground surface motions began in late 1983 after a magnitude 6.6 earthquake beneath the slopes of nearby Mauna Loa volcano and continued until the onset of brief upper east rift zone earthquake swarms in late 1990. During these 7 years the summit and upper rift zones subsided up to 10-11 and 4-8 cm yr-1. respectively, and summit baselines contracted up to 6 cm yr-1. Baselines directed northward from the summit to stations on Mauna Loa extended at rates up to 7 cm yr-1, and a baseline from south of the summit to Mauna Loa extended 4 cm yr-1. Much of this extension is inconsistent with deformation caused solely by summit magma reservoir collapse and more likely reflects rifting as the south flank of the volcano moved seaward from the summit and rift zones. Farther from the summit, baselines crossing the south flank extended up to 2 cm yr-1, and a south flank tide gauge rose 2 cm yr-1 ; the lower east rift zone, 40-50 km from the summit, subsided about 2 cm yr-1. Motion on Kilauea, then, is broadly consistent with slip along low-angle south flank faults, generating subsidence that is focused at the summit and along the rift system behind the faulting and uplift along the coastal south flank ahead of it. Dislocation models that combine these elements show that much of Kilauea's edifice migrated seaward, producing ground surface motions along the south flank of up to about 6 cm yr-1. The magnitude 6.1 earthquake of 1989 punctuated these motions along the eastern south flank, producing more than 25 cm of seaward displacement and, 15 km east of the epicenter, up to 24 cm of subsidence south of the lower east rift zone. Unlike the magnitude 7.2 south flank earthquake of 1975, the 1989 event was preceded neither by summit magma reservoir inflation nor by rift zone dike intrusions and accompanying compression of the south flank. Deformation was probably caused by the weight of the volcanic overburden and by ongoing dilation and slip within the rift system. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERV,HAWAII NATL PK,HI 96718. STANFORD UNIV,DEPT GEOPHYS,STANFORD,CA 94305. RP DELANEY, PT (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,2255 N GEMINI DR,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001, USA. RI Arnadottir, Thora/C-7183-2013 OI Arnadottir, Thora/0000-0002-8275-8813 NR 44 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD OCT 10 PY 1993 VL 98 IS B10 BP 17801 EP 17820 DI 10.1029/93JB01819 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MC439 UT WOS:A1993MC43900014 ER PT J AU SEGELQUIST, CA SCOTT, ML AUBLE, GT AF SEGELQUIST, CA SCOTT, ML AUBLE, GT TI ESTABLISHMENT OF POPULUS-DELTOIDES UNDER SIMULATED ALLUVIAL GROUNDWATER DECLINES SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SURVIVAL; FORESTS AB Establishment, growth and survival of seedlings of Populus deltoides subsp. monilifera (plains cottonwood) were examined in an experimental facility simulating five rates of declining alluvial groundwater. The treatments were permanent saturation, drawdown rates of 0.4, 0.7, 2.3 cm/d and immediate drainage. The experiment was conducted outdoors in planters near Fort Collins, Colorado. Seedling survival was highest under the two slowest drawdown rates and declined significantly with faster drawdown rates. The highest growth rate was associated with the drawdown rate of 0.4 cm/d, in which mean shoot height was 2.4 cm and mean root length was 39 cm 98 days after planting. Growth of shoots and roots was reduced both by saturated conditions and by the more rapid drawdown rates of 0.7 and 2.9 cm/d. No establishment was observed in the immediate drawdown treatment. Whereas maximum biomass accumulation is associated with the most gradual drawdown or saturated conditions, seedlings establishing naturally under such conditions are also most likely to be removed by ice or subsequent flooding. Seedlings establishing in higher topographic positions, in contrast, are subject to increased mortality and reduced shoot growth, resulting from reduced soil moisture. Rapid root extension following establishment allows P. deltoides seedlings to grow across a wide range of groundwater drawdown rates, and thus a variety of positions across a gradient of riparian soil moisture. Our results indicate that in coarse alluvial sands of low fertility, 47% of germinating P. deltoides seeds were able to survive in association with a drawdown rate of 2.3 cm/d and a final water table depth of 80 cm. RP SEGELQUIST, CA (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL ECOL RES CTR,4512 MCMURRY AVE,FT COLLINS,CO 80525, USA. NR 30 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 130 IS 2 BP 274 EP 285 DI 10.2307/2426127 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ME264 UT WOS:A1993ME26400006 ER PT J AU MCMURRY, ST LOCHMILLER, RL BOGGS, JF LESLIE, DM ENGLE, DM AF MCMURRY, ST LOCHMILLER, RL BOGGS, JF LESLIE, DM ENGLE, DM TI OPPORTUNISTIC FORAGING OF EASTERN WOODRATS (NEOTOMA-FLORIDANA) IN MANIPULATED HABITATS SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID VEGETATION MANAGEMENT; CROSS TIMBERS; HERBICIDES; SELECTION; PRAIRIE AB We evaluated diets of eastern woodrats (Neotoma floridana) on Cross Timbers rangeland subjected to experimental brush manipulation. Treatments were tebuthiuron and triclopyr herbicides, applied with and without annual prescribed burning. Untreated reference sites also were evaluated. Microhistological techniques were used to estimate relative percent composition of plant species in diets. A total of 23 plant species were found in diets from summer and winter samples. Eastern woodrats exhibited seasonal variation in diet selection, consuming mostly forbs in summer and browse in winter. Pokeweed (Phytolacca americana) and eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana) comprised the greatest percentages of diets in summer and winter, respectively. Experimental brush treatment also influenced diet composition. We hypothesized that eastern woodrats would exhibit opportunistic foraging behavior and use food types in proportion to their availability. Forb and browse diet classes were used in accordance with availability except For forbs on burned tebuthiuron sites. Eastern woodrats generally followed an opportunistic foraging strategy although occasions of selective foraging were observed, presumably in response to increased palatability and/or nutritional quality of available forage. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,OKLAHOMA COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,STILLWATER,OK 74078. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,STILLWATER,OK 74078. RP MCMURRY, ST (reprint author), OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,STILLWATER,OK 74078, USA. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 130 IS 2 BP 325 EP 337 DI 10.2307/2426131 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ME264 UT WOS:A1993ME26400010 ER PT J AU ELSHEIMER, HN AF ELSHEIMER, HN TI OPTIMIZATION OF AN EXTRACTION PROCEDURE FOR THE ACCURATE DETERMINATION OF TOTAL TIN IN 18 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF JAPAN ROCK REFERENCE MATERIALS SO ANALYTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE TOTAL TIN; GRAPHITE FURNACE ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY; EXTRACTION; ROCK REFERENCE MATERIALS; STATISTICS; TRIOCTYLPHOSPHINE OXIDE-METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE ID REFERENCE SAMPLES; GRAPHITE-FURNACE; ABSORPTION AB A fusion-extraction procedure for the determination of total tin in rocks and sediments by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) was reexamined and modified to obtain the optimum accuracy and precision. Several variations based on increases in the sample weight or extraction ratio were compared based on the determination of tin in 18 Geological Survey of Japan (GSJ) reference materials. The most accurate and precise procedure was found to be an 8:1 extraction of a 0.5 g rock sample fused with lithium metaborate and dissolved in 7.5% hydrochloric acid, using a 4% solution of trioctylphosphine oxide in methyl isobutyl ketone (TOPO-MIBK). Rocks containing < 1 mug/g total tin require a 0.5 g sample size for the utmost accuracy. Utilizing these modifications, tin concentrations were found to be within 0.1 mug/g for all of the GSJ reference standards with the exception of the rhyolites. Values are reported for the total tin content of three new GSJ reference materials, namely, JLk-1, JLs-1, and JDo-1. RP ELSHEIMER, HN (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU JAPAN SOC ANALYTICAL CHEM PI TOKYO PA 26-2 NISHIGOTANDA 1 CHOME SHINAGAWA-KU, TOKYO 141, JAPAN SN 0910-6340 J9 ANAL SCI JI Anal. Sci. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 9 IS 5 BP 681 EP 685 DI 10.2116/analsci.9.681 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA MB210 UT WOS:A1993MB21000020 ER PT J AU BARKER, RJ SAUER, JR LINK, WA AF BARKER, RJ SAUER, JR LINK, WA TI OPTIMAL ALLOCATION OF POINT-COUNT SAMPLING EFFORT SO AUK LA English DT Article AB Both unlimited and fixed-radius point counts only provide indices to population size. Because longer count durations lead to counting a higher proportion of individuals at the point, proper design of these surveys must incorporate both count duration and sampling characteristics of population size. Using information about the relationship between proportion of individuals detected at a point and count duration, we present a method of optimizing a point-count survey given a fixed total time for surveying and travelling between count points. The optimization can be based on several quantities that measure precision, accuracy, or power of tests based on counts, including (1) mean-square error of estimated population change; (2) mean-square error of average count; (3) maximum expected total count; or (4) power of a test for differences in average counts. Optimal solutions depend on a function that relates count duration at a point to the proportion of animals detected. We model this function using exponential and Weibull distributions, and use numerical techniques to conduct the optimization. We provide an example of the procedure in which the function is estimated from data of cumulative number of individual birds seen for different count durations for three species of Hawaiian forest birds. In the example, optimal count duration at a point can differ greatly depending on the quantities that are optimized. Optimization of the mean-square error or of tests based on average counts generally requires longer count durations than does estimation of population change. A clear formulation of the goals of the study is a critical step in the optimization process. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708. MASSEY UNIV,DEPT STAT,PALMERSTON NORTH,NEW ZEALAND. RP BARKER, RJ (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT WILDLIFE & RANGE SCI,FLORIDA COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 8 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD OCT PY 1993 VL 110 IS 4 BP 752 EP 758 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA NL011 UT WOS:A1993NL01100007 ER PT J AU DAVISON, S CONVERSE, KA HAMIR, AN ECKROADE, RJ AF DAVISON, S CONVERSE, KA HAMIR, AN ECKROADE, RJ TI DUCK VIRAL-ENTERITIS IN DOMESTIC MUSCOVY DUCKS IN PENNSYLVANIA SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Note ID VIRUS ENTERITIS; PLAGUE; WATERFOWL AB Duck viral enteritis (DVE) outbreaks occurred at two different locations in Pennsylvania in 1991 and 1992. in the first outbreak, four ducks died out of a group of 30 domestic ducks; in the second outbreak, 65 ducks died out of a group of 114 domestic ducks, and 15 domestic geese died as well. A variety of species of ducks were present on both premises, but only muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata) died from the disease. On necropsy, gross lesions included hepatomegaly with petechial hemorrhages, petechial hemorrhages in the abdominal fat, petechial hemorrhages on the epicardial surface of the heart, and multifocal to coalescing areas of fibrinonecrotic material over the mucosal surface of the trachea, esophagus, intestine, and cloaca. Histologically, the liver had random multifocal areas of necrosis and eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in hepatocytes. DVE virus was isolated and identified using muscovy duck embryo fibroblast inoculation and virus neutralization. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL WILDLIFE HLTH RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53711. UNIV PENN,LARGE ANIM PATHOL LAB,KENNETT SQ,PA 19348. RP DAVISON, S (reprint author), UNIV PENN,AVIAN MED & PATHOL,382 W ST RD,KENNETT SQ,PA 19348, USA. NR 19 TC 36 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD OCT-DEC PY 1993 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1142 EP 1146 DI 10.2307/1591927 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MQ797 UT WOS:A1993MQ79700030 PM 8141746 ER PT J AU STECK, LK PROTHERO, WA AF STECK, LK PROTHERO, WA TI OBSERVATIONS OF DIRECT P-WAVE SLOWNESS AND AZIMUTH ANOMALIES FOR TELESEISMS RECORDED IN LONG-VALLEY CALDERA, CALIFORNIA SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID 3-COMPONENT STATIONS; ARRAY; PERFORMANCE; EVENTS AB Using particle motion, frequency-wavenumber analysis, and planewave fitting, we observe large anomalies in the bearing and apparent velocity of 0.5 to 1.0 Hz teleseismic P-waves incident at stations near the resurgent dome of Long Valley caldera, California. Our 3-component regional and teleseismic data come from three 2-mo deployments: (1) a 10 station, 2.9-km aperture array, (2) a 5 station, 1.9-km aperture array, and (3) a 3 station network, spanning about 5 km. We find stacked particle motion to be the most informative polarization method when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is high and wavefronts are nonplanar. However, the insensitivity of the broadband frequency-wavenumber method (BBFK) to noise makes it more useful as SNR declines. Numerical simulations and data analyses using the BBFK method show that for a 10 station, 3-km aperture array, precision of roughly 8-degrees in bearing and 0.008 sec / km in apparent slowness can be obtained with average teleseismic data in regions having complex structure. Bearing anomalies at Long Valley caldera reach up to 124-degrees, whereas apparent slowness differ from expected values by up to a factor of 2. The anomalies are most likely caused by strong lateral velocity variations in the subcaldera crust between depths of 6 to 35 km. C1 UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA, DEPT GEOL SCI, SANTA BARBARA, CA 93106 USA. RP US GEOL SURVEY, 345 MIDDLEFIELD RD, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. NR 41 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 83 IS 5 BP 1391 EP 1419 PG 29 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA LY944 UT WOS:A1993LY94400005 ER PT J AU HAYOB, JL BOHLEN, SR ESSENE, EJ AF HAYOB, JL BOHLEN, SR ESSENE, EJ TI EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION AND APPLICATION OF THE EQUILIBRIUM RUTILE PLUS ORTHO-PYROXENE = QUARTZ PLUS ILMENITE SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONSISTENT SOLUTION MODELS; FE-MG EXCHANGE; MN-TI OXIDES; ORTHO-PYROXENE; ORDER-DISORDER; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; GEOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS; MIXING PROPERTIES; SOLID-SOLUTIONS; GARNET AB Equilibria in the Sirf (Silica-Ilmenite-Rutile-Ferrosilite) system: SiO2 +(Mg, Fe)TiO3 = TiO2 + (Mg, Fe)SiO3 have been calibrated in the range 800-1100-degrees-C and 12-26 kbar using a piston-cylinder apparatus to assess the potential of the equilibria for geobarometry in granulite facies assemblages that lack garnet. Thermodynamic calculations indicate that the two end-member equilibria involving quartz + geikielite = rutile + enstatite, and quartz + ilmenite = rutile + ferrosilite, are metastable. We therefore reversed equilibria over the compositional range Fs40-70, using Ag80Pd20 capsules with f(O2) buffered at or near iron-wustite. Ilmenite compositions coexisting with orthopyroxene are X(MgTiO3)Ilm of 0.06 to 0.15 and X(Fe2O3)Ilm of 0.00 to 0.01, corresponding to K(D) values of 13.3, 10.2, 9.0 and 8.0 (+/-0.5) at 800, 900, 1000 and 1100-degrees-C, respectively, where K(D) = (XMg/X Fe)OPx /(XMg/XFe)Ilm. Pressures have been calculated using equilibria in the Sirf system for granulites from the Grenville Province of Ontario and for granulite facies xenoliths from central Mexico. Pressures are consistent with other well-calibrated geobarometers for orthopyroxene-ilmenite pairs from two Mexican samples in which oxide textures appear to represent equilibrium. Geologically unreasonable pressures are obtained, however, where oxide textures are complex. Application of data from this study on the equilibrium distribution of iron and magnesium between ilmenite and orthopyroxene suggests that some ilmenite in deep crustal xenoliths is not equilibrated with coexisting pyroxene, while assemblages from exposed granulite terranes have reequilibrated during retrogression. The Sirf equilibria are sensitive to small changes in composition and may be used for determination of activity/composition (a/X) relations of orthopyroxene if an ilmenite model is specified. A symmetric regular solution model has been used for orthopyroxene in conjunction with activity models for ilmenite available from the literature to calculate a/X relations in orthopyroxene of intermediate composition. Data from this study indicate that FeSiO3-MgSiO3 orthopyroxene exhibits small, positive deviations from ideality over the range 800-1100-degrees-C. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT GEOL SCI,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 77 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0010-7999 J9 CONTRIB MINERAL PETR JI Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 115 IS 1 BP 18 EP 35 DI 10.1007/BF00712975 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA MD394 UT WOS:A1993MD39400002 ER PT J AU CASTLE, RO LINDSLEY, DH AF CASTLE, RO LINDSLEY, DH TI AN EXSOLUTION SILICA-PUMP MODEL FOR THE ORIGIN OF MYRMEKITE SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANORTHOSITE; EQUILIBRIA AB Myrmekite, as defined here, is the microscopic intergrowth between vermicular quartz and modestly anorthitic plagioclase (calcic albite-oligoclase), intimately associated with potassium feldspar in plutonic rocks of granitic composition. Hypotheses previously invoked in explanation of myrmekite include: (1) direct crystallization; (2) replacement; (3) exsolution. The occurrence of myrmekite in paragneisses and its absence in rocks devoid of discrete grains of potassium feldspar challenge those hypotheses based on direct crystallization or replacement. However, several lines of evidence indicate that myrmekite may in fact originate in response to kinetic effects associated with the exsolution of calcic alkali feldspar into discrete potassium feldspar and plagioclase phases. Exsolution of potassium feldspar and plagioclase from an initially calcic alkali feldspar system projected from [AlSi2O8] involves the exchange CaAlK-1Si-1, in which the AlSi-1 tetrahedral couple is resistant to intracrystalline diffusion. By contrast, diffusion of octahedral K proceeds relatively easily where it remains uncoupled to the tetrahedral exchange. We suggest here that where the ternary feldspar system is open to excess silica, the exchange reaction that produces potassium feldspar in the ternary plane is aided by the net-transfer reaction K+Si=Orthoclase, leaving behind indigenous Si that reports as modal quartz in the evolving plagioclase as the CaAl component is concomitantly incorporated in this same phase. Thus silica is ''pumped'' into the reaction volume from a ''silica reservoir,'' a process that enhances redistribution of both Si and Al through the exsolving ternary feldspar. C1 SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT EARTH & SPACE SCI,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. RP CASTLE, RO (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0010-7999 J9 CONTRIB MINERAL PETR JI Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 115 IS 1 BP 58 EP 65 DI 10.1007/BF00712978 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA MD394 UT WOS:A1993MD39400005 ER PT J AU ALT, JC SHANKS, WC JACKSON, MC AF ALT, JC SHANKS, WC JACKSON, MC TI CYCLING OF SULFUR IN SUBDUCTION ZONES - THE GEOCHEMISTRY OF SULFUR IN THE MARIANA-ISLAND ARC AND BACK-ARC TROUGH SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ILMENITE-SERIES GRANITOIDS; EL-CHICHON VOLCANO; NORTHERN MARIANA; SHOSHONITIC VOLCANISM; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS; SULFATE REDUCTION; MAGNETITE-SERIES; WESTERN PACIFIC; 1982 ERUPTIONS; TRACE-ELEMENT AB The sulfur contents and sulfur isotopic compositions of 24 glassy submarine volcanics from the Mariana Island Arc and back-arc Mariana Trough were determined in order to investigate the hypothesis that subducted seawater sulfur (deltaS-34 = 21 parts per thousand) is recycled through arc volcanism. Our results for sulfur are similar to those for subaerial arc volcanics: Mariana Arc glasses are enriched in S-34 (deltaS-34 = up to 10.3 parts per thousand, mean = 3.8 parts per thousand) and depleted in S (20-290 ppm, mean = 100 ppm) relative to MORB (850 ppm S, deltaS-34 = 0.1 +/- 0.5 parts per thousand). The back-arc trough basalts contain 200-930 ppm S and have deltaS-34 values of 1.1 +/- 0.5 parts per thousand, which overlap those for the arc and MORB. The low sulfur contents of the arc and some of the trough glasses are attributed to (1) early loss of small amounts of sulfur through separation of immiscible sulfide and (2) later vapor-melt equilibrium control of sulfur contents and loss of sulfur in a vapor phase from sulfide-undersaturated melts near the minimum in sulfur solubility at fO2 almost-equal-to NNO (nickel-nickel oxide). Although these processes removed sulfur from the melts their effects on the sulfur isotopic compositions of the melts were minimal. Positive trends of deltaS-34 with Sr-87/Sr-86, LILE and LREE contents of the arc volcanics are consistent with a metasomatic seawater sulfur component in the depleted sub-arc mantle source. The lack of a S-34-rich slab signature in the trough lavas may be attributed to equilibration of metasomatic fluid with mantle material along the longer pathway from the slab to the source of the trough volcanics. Sulfur is likely to have been transported into the mantle wedge by metasomatic fluid derived from subducted sediments and pore fluids. Gases extracted from vesicles in arc and back-arc samples are predominantly H2O, With minor CO2 and traces of H2S and SO2. CO2 in the arc and back-arc rocks has deltaC-13 values of -2.1 to -13.1 parts per thousand, similar to MORB. These data suggest that degassing of CO2 could explain the slightly lower deltaC-13 values for some Mariana Trough volcanic glasses, and that incorporation of subduction-derived organic carbon into the Mariana Trough mantle source may not be necessary. More analyses are required to resolve this question, however. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,EASTERN MINERAL RESOURCES BRANCH,RESTON,VA 22092. MCGILL UNIV,DEPT EARTH & PLANETARY SCI,MONTREAL H3A 2A7,QUEBEC,CANADA. RP ALT, JC (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT GEOL SCI,1006 CC LITTLE BLDG,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109, USA. NR 57 TC 100 Z9 104 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 119 IS 4 BP 477 EP 494 DI 10.1016/0012-821X(93)90057-G PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MF779 UT WOS:A1993MF77900002 ER PT J AU SMALL, RJ HOLZWART, JC RUSCH, DH AF SMALL, RJ HOLZWART, JC RUSCH, DH TI ARE RUFFED GROUSE MORE VULNERABLE TO MORTALITY DURING DISPERSAL SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BONASA-UMBELLUS; COLONIZATION; DISPERSAL; MORTALITY; TRANSIENCE ID NATAL DISPERSAL; MICROTUS-OCHROGASTER; POPULATION BIOLOGY; BREEDING DISPERSAL; SELECTIVE BASIS; SPRUCE GROUSE; KANGAROO RATS; VULPES-VULPES; PRAIRIE VOLE; SURVIVAL AB An increased probability of death is thought to be an inherent risk of dispersal. To examine this hypothesis, we monitored 381 radiomarked Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus) over 6 yr to determine if their vulnerability to mortality increased during dispersal. Estimates of mortality were calculated for the two distinct phases of dispersal: transience, a period of extensive movement from one area to another, and colonization, the period when an animal attempts to become established in a new area. Among juveniles (nonresidents), approximately equal proportions of both sexes exhibited transience, and for similar lengths of time. The difference between juvenile male and female mortality estimates was not significant during either transience or colonization. From autumn to spring (natal dispersal), juvenile transient dispersers did not experience greater mortality than colonization dispersers. Among adults, transience was more common among females than males, yet no mortality was recorded among either sex of adult transient dispersers. Residents (adults) survived at a higher rate than juveniles in either transient or colonization dispersal. However, the cost (i.e., increased mortality) of transience was greater for juveniles than adults, suggesting comparisons between different phases of dispersal be made within similar age classes. It was concluded that Ruffed Grouse, both adults and juveniles, were not more vulnerable to mortality during transient dispersal than during colonization dispersal. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT WILDLIFE ECOL,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,WISCONSIN COOPERAT WILDLIFE RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 63 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 11 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD OCT PY 1993 VL 74 IS 7 BP 2020 EP 2026 DI 10.2307/1940847 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LY549 UT WOS:A1993LY54900013 ER PT J AU BELKIN, HE SPARCK, HM AF BELKIN, HE SPARCK, HM TI MERCURY, ARSENIC, ANTIMONY, AND SELENIUM CONTENTS OF SEDIMENT FROM THE KUSKOKWIM RIVER, BETHEL, ALASKA, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HEAVY METALS; RIVER-DEPOSITED SEDIMENT; CONTAMINATION; WATER QUALITY ID TRANSPORT; METALS AB The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. C1 HAROLD SPARCK & ASSOCIATES,BETHEL,AK 99559. RP BELKIN, HE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MAIL STOP 959,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. RI 张, 楠/B-1010-2010; OI Belkin, Harvey/0000-0001-7879-6529 NR 28 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0177-5146 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 22 IS 2 BP 106 EP 110 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA MG697 UT WOS:A1993MG69700002 ER PT J AU TOY, TJ OSTERKAMP, WR RENARD, KG AF TOY, TJ OSTERKAMP, WR RENARD, KG TI PREDICTION BY REGRESSION AND INTRARANGE DATA SCATTER IN SURFACE-PROCESS STUDIES SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MODELING; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; DATA SCATTER; SURFACE-PROCESS STUDIES ID PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; ERRORS AB Modeling is a major component of contemporary earth science, and regression analysis occupies a central position in the parameterization, calibration, and validation of geomorphic and hydrologic models. Although this methodology can be used in many ways, we are primarily concerned with the prediction of values for one variable from another variable. Examination of the literature reveals considerable inconsistency in the presentation of the results of regression analysis and the occurrence of patterns in the scatter of data points about the regression line. Both circumstances confound utilization and evaluation of the models. Statisticians are well aware of various problems associated with the use of regression analysis and offer improved practices; often, however, their guidelines are not followed. After a review of the aforementioned circumstances and until standard criteria for model evaluation become established, we recommend, as a minimum, inclusion of scatter diagrams, the standard error of the estimate, and sample size in reporting the results of regression analyses for most surface-process studies. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,LAKEWOOD,CO 80225. USDA ARS,ARIDLAND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,TUCSON,AZ 85719. RP TOY, TJ (reprint author), UNIV DENVER,DEPT GEOG,DENVER,CO 80208, USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0177-5146 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 22 IS 2 BP 121 EP 128 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA MG697 UT WOS:A1993MG69700004 ER PT J AU MOODY, JA GOOLSBY, DA AF MOODY, JA GOOLSBY, DA TI SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF TRIAZINE HERBICIDES IN THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI RIVER SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MIDWESTERN UNITED-STATES; WATER AB During May 15-17, 1990, an intense rainstorm moved across Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio where triazine herbicides are heavily used for growing agricultural crops. Following the storm, the peak concentrations of triazine herbicides in some secondary tributaries to the Upper Mississippi and Ohio Rivers were as high as 36 mug/L. This runoff water was funneled into the Lower Mississippi River at the Upper Mississippi-Ohio River confluence at Cairo, IL. The spatial variability of this runoff event was measured by collecting midchannel water samples for triazine herbicide analysis from 1 to 2 m below the surface of the Mississippi River every approximately 16 km from Baton Rouge, LA, upriver to the Mississippi-Ohio River confluence during May 26-29, 1990. All samples were analyzed for triazine herbicides by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay. The results showed a background level of approximately 2.7 mug/L, an upriver gradient of 0.2 mug/L per 100 km, and longitudinal spatial variability that is hypothesized to be the result of cross-channel gradients and ''slugs'' of water from various upriver tributaries with length scales of 100-150 km and amplitudes of approximately 1 mug/L. RP MOODY, JA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,MS 413,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 14 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 27 IS 10 BP 2120 EP 2126 DI 10.1021/es00047a018 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LZ749 UT WOS:A1993LZ74900025 ER PT J AU FAIRCHILD, JF DWYER, FJ LAPOINT, TW BURCH, SA INGERSOLL, CG AF FAIRCHILD, JF DWYER, FJ LAPOINT, TW BURCH, SA INGERSOLL, CG TI EVALUATION OF A LABORATORY-GENERATED NOEC FOR LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE IN OUTDOOR EXPERIMENTAL STREAMS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON SURFACTANTS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY, AT THE 11TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOC-OF-ENVIRONMENTAL-TOXICOLOGY-AND-CHEMISTRY CY NOV 11-15, 1990 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP SOC ENVIRONM TOXICOL & CHEM DE LAS; EXPERIMENTAL STREAMS; INVERTEBRATES; HYALELLA-AZTECA; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS ID DAPHNIA-MAGNA; SURFACTANTS; TOXICITY; ECOSYSTEMS; SEDIMENT AB Laboratory and field studies were conducted with linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) to evaluate the use of laboratory-generated NOECs for protecting aquatic organisms in outdoor experimental streams. Fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and freshwater amphipods (Hyalella azteca) were exposed in the laboratory to an environmentally realistic mixture of LAS (average chain length C-11.9) for 7 d; fathead minnows were also exposed in a 28-d study. Calculated NOEC values based on survival and growth ranged from 0.3 to 0.9 mg/L for fathead minnows and from 0.6 to 1.4 mg/L for amphipods. Toxicity of LAS in 4-, 7-, and 28-d exposures of fathead minnows was similar because mortality occurred within the initial 24 h of exposure; mortality was more sensitive than growth as a chronic end point. The addition of 5% sewage effluent to well and stream water had little effect on the bioavailability of LAS; however, total organic carbon levels were low (<3 mg/L) in all treatments. A 45-d exposure of three outdoor experimental streams to 0.36 mg/L LAS had no effects on survival of fathead minnows or amphipods, dynamics of benthic invertebrates, growth of periphyton, or processing of detrital leaves. Results indicated that the laboratory-generated NOEC for LAS was protective of experimental stream communities under the studied conditions. RP FAIRCHILD, JF (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES CTR,4200 NEW HAVEN RD,COLUMBIA,MO 65201, USA. NR 36 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 12 IS 10 BP 1763 EP 1775 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1993)12[1763:EOALNF]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA LZ752 UT WOS:A1993LZ75200003 ER PT J AU MISAWA, K TATSUMOTO, M DALRYMPLE, GB YANAI, K AF MISAWA, K TATSUMOTO, M DALRYMPLE, GB YANAI, K TI AN EXTREMELY LOW U/PB SOURCE IN THE MOON - U-TH-PB, SM-ND, RB-SR, AND AR-40 AR-39 ISOTOPIC SYSTEMATICS AND AGE OF LUNAR METEORITE ASUKA 881757 SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID PRECISE DETERMINATION; IMBRIUM BASIN; MELT ROCKS; EVOLUTION; CRUST; CHRONOLOGY; VOLCANISM AB We have undertaken U-Th-Pb, Sm-Nd, Rb-Sr, and Ar-40/Ar-39 isotopic studies on Asuka 881757, a coarse-grained basaltic lunar meteorite whose chemical composition is close to low-Ti and very low-Ti (VLT) mare basalts. The Pb-Pb internal isochron obtained for acid leached residues of separated mineral fractions yields an age of 3940 +/- 28 Ma, which is similar to the U-Pb (3850 +/- 150 Ma) and Th-Pb (3820 +/- 290 Ma) internal isochron ages. The Sm-Nd data for the mineral separates yield an internal isochron age of 3871 +/- 57 Ma and an initial Nd-143/Nd-144 value of 0.50797 +/- 10. The Rb-Sr data yield an internal isochron age of 3840 +/- 32 Ma (lambda(Rb-87) = 1.42 x 10(-11) yr-1) and a low initial Sr-87/Sr-86 ratio of 0.69910 +/- 2. The Ar-40/Ar-39 age spectra for a glass fragment and a maskelynitized plagioclase are relatively flat and give a weighted mean plateau age of 3798 +/- 12 Ma. We interpret these ages to indicate that the basalt crystallized from a melt 3.87 Ga ago (the Sm-Nd age) and an impact event disturbed the Rb-Sr system and completely reset the K-Ar system at 3.80 Ga. The slightly higher Pb-Pb age compared to the Sm-Nd age could be due to the secondary Pb (from terrestrial and/or lunar surface Pb contamination) that remained in the residues after acid leaching. Alternatively, the following interpretation is also possible; the meteorite crystallized at 3.94 Ga (the Pb-Pb age) and the Sm-Nd, Rb-Sr, and K-Ar systems were disturbed by an impact event at 3.80 Ga. The crystallization age obtained here is older than those reported for low-Ti basalts (3.2-3.5 Ga) and for VLT basalts (3.4 Ga), but similar to ages of some mare basalts, indicating that the basalt may have formed from a magma related to a basin-forming event (Imbrium?). The age span for VLT basalts from different sampling sites suggest that they were erupted over a wide area during an interval of at least approximately 500 million years. The impact event that thermally reset the K-Ar system of Asuka 881757 must have been post-Imbrium (perhaps Orientale) in age. The lead isotopic composition of Asuka 8817 5 7 is nonradiogenic compared with typical Apollo mare basalts and the estimated U-238/Pb-204 (mu) value for the basalt source is 10 +/- 3. This source-mu value is the lowest so far measured for lunar rocks. A large positive epsilon(Nd) value (7.4 +/- 0.5) and the time averaged Sm-147/Nd-144 ratio for the basalt source are similar to those for some Apollo 12, 15, and 17 basalts, suggesting a LREE-depleted mantle, which is consistent with the global magma ocean hypothesis. The U-Th-Pb, Sm-Nd, and Rb-Sr data on Asuka 881757 suggest that the basalt was derived from a low U/Pb, low Rb/Sr, and high Sm/Nd source region, mainly composed of olivine and orthopyroxene with minor amounts of plagioclase (or clinopyroxene) and with sulfides enriched in volatile chalcophile elements. The basalt source may be deep in origin and different in chemistry from those previously estimated from studies of Apollo and Luna mare basalts, indicating heterogeneous sources for mare C1 USGS, ISOTOPE GEOL BRANCH, DENVER, CO 80225 USA. USGS, ISOTOPE GEOL BRANCH, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. RP NATL INST POLAR RES, DEPT ANTARCT METEORITES, 9-10 KAGA, 1-CHOME, ITABASHI KU, TOKYO 173, JAPAN. NR 87 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD OCT PY 1993 VL 57 IS 19 BP 4687 EP 4702 DI 10.1016/0016-7037(93)90193-Z PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MD265 UT WOS:A1993MD26500013 ER PT J AU LUCCHITTA, I SUNESON, NH AF LUCCHITTA, I SUNESON, NH TI DIPS AND EXTENSION SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID RANGE PROVINCE; NORMAL FAULTS; BASIN; DETACHMENT; NEVADA; ARIZONA; GEOLOGY; ORIGIN; ROCKS; PLATE AB Plots of dip measurements taken from syntectonic deposits in extended terranes provide a simple and useful technique that can help to unravel complex deformation histories. In the Castaneda Hills-Signal area of west-central Arizona, dip analysis has enabled us to identify an unconformity that is at best equivocally displayed in the field. This unconformity marks the inception of extension that formed the highly extended terranes (HET). The technique also highlights a later unconformity that marks the onset of basin-range (BR) extension, and one that formed because extension ceased and through-flowing drainage developed. Northeastward decrease of dips related to HET-type extension is evidence for a decrease in deformation toward the Colorado Plateau. Conversely, a mild increase of dips of younger basin-fill deposits in that direction suggests that the locus of strongest deformation shifted toward the Colorado Plateau in BR time. The variability in amount and timing of tilting displayed by the dip data supports listric and ''rolling-hinge'' models of extensional tectonism more than the ''domino'' model of upper-plate, HET-type normal faults. Dip data and stratigraphic data enable us to construct a sequence of events for middle Tertiary extension in the Castaneda Hills-Signal area. The first phase started ca. 27 Ma and consisted of upwarp of the area now occupied by the Buckskin-Rawhide metamorphic core complex. No rotation of blocks or volcanism accompanied this phase. The second phase (19 to 13 Ma) is characteristic of HET-type extension and was marked by movement on a basal detachment fault and upper-plate normal faults, rotation of blocks along near-horizontal axes, and widespread basalt rhyolite volcanism. The third phase (about 13 to 7.5 Ma) is characteristic of BR extension and was marked by movement on high-angle normal faults, minor rotation of blocks, and basaltic volcanism. The fourth and final phase (ca. 7.5 to 0 Ma) saw the waning of tectonism, the inception of through-flowing drainage related to the Colorado River, and the effusion of thin megacryst-bearing basalt flows. The early uplift (probably dome-like and thermally driven), the areal variability of rotation, and the migration of deformation toward the northeast do not support the concept that the extended terranes result from simple shear along a low-angle fault of crustal dimensions or from a rolling-hinge mechanism. A more attractive mechanism is a thermal welt in the upper mantle and lower crust that moves northeast with time in a manner analogous to that proposed for the Tyrrhenian Sea-Apennine system. C1 OKLAHOMA GEOL SURVEY,SARKEYS ENERGY CTR,NORMAN,OK 73019. RP LUCCHITTA, I (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,2255 N GEMINI DR,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001, USA. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 105 IS 10 BP 1346 EP 1356 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(1993)105<1346:DAE>2.3.CO;2 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MB298 UT WOS:A1993MB29800006 ER PT J AU HOLZER, TL CLARK, MM AF HOLZER, TL CLARK, MM TI SAND BOILS WITHOUT EARTHQUAKES SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Sedimentary deformation caused by liquefaction has become a popular means for inferring prehistoric strong earthquakes. In this report, we describe a new mechanism for generating such features in the absence of earthquakes. Sand boils and a 180-m-long sand dike formed in Fremont Valley, California, when sediment-laden surface runoff was intercepted along the upslope part of a 500-m-long preexisting ground crack, flowed subhorizonally in the crack, and then flowed upward in the downslope part of the crack where it discharged as sand boils on the land surface. If the sand boils and their feeder dike were stratigraphically preserved, they could be misinterpreted as evidence for earthquake-induced liquefaction. RP US GEOL SURVEY, 345 MIDDLEFIELD RD, MS 977, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. NR 21 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD OCT PY 1993 VL 21 IS 10 BP 873 EP 876 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0873:SBWE>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA MB299 UT WOS:A1993MB29900002 ER PT J AU PARSONS, T THOMPSON, GA AF PARSONS, T THOMPSON, GA TI DOES MAGMATISM INFLUENCE LOW-ANGLE NORMAL FAULTING - REPLY SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Note ID BASIN C1 STANFORD UNIV,DEPT GEOPHYS,STANFORD,CA 94305. RP PARSONS, T (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MAIL STOP 999,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD OCT PY 1993 VL 21 IS 10 BP 957 EP 958 PG 2 WC Geology SC Geology GA MB299 UT WOS:A1993MB29900027 ER PT J AU VANDERHILST, RD ENGDAHL, ER SPAKMAN, W AF VANDERHILST, RD ENGDAHL, ER SPAKMAN, W TI TOMOGRAPHIC INVERSION OF P-DATA AND PP-DATA FOR ASPHERICAL MANTLE STRUCTURE BELOW THE NORTHWEST PACIFIC REGION SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Review DE LINEARIZED TOMOGRAPHIC INVERSION; MANTLE DYNAMICS; NORTHWEST PACIFIC REGION; P-PHASE AND PP-PHASE DATA; SEISMIC MANTLE STRUCTURE; SLAB DEFLECTION AND PENETRATION ID WAVE TRAVEL TIME; 3-DIMENSIONAL SEISMIC STRUCTURE; JAPAN SUBDUCTION ZONE; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; DEEP SLAB STRUCTURE; HIGH-VELOCITY ZONE; ISLAND ARCS; EARTHQUAKE LOCATION; LAYERED CONVECTION; PHILIPPINE SEA AB To investigate the morphology of subducted slab in the mantle below northwest Pacific is!and arcs we inverted traveltime residuals for aspherical variations in P-wave propagation velocity relative to the radially symmetric iasp91 reference model. The tomographic method used is based on a step-wise linearization of the inversion problem. First, we relocated ISC (International Seismological Centre) hypocentres with re-identified P and pP phase data using the iasp9l traveltime tables. The variance of P residuals relative to iasp9l traveltimes was 17 per cent less than the variance of P data reported by the ISC relative to the Jeffreys-Bullen (J-B) traveltime tables. Second, we performed a linearized (LSQR) inversion for Earth structure and source relocation with the P and pP residuals obtained from the first step, using iasp9l as the reference model for seismic velocities. The incorporation of the depth phase pP in the tomographic inversions has two major advantages: (1) the pP data provide constraints on focal depth and thus reduce the trade-off between source relocation and structure; and (2) the pP ray paths improve the sampling of Earth structure in the shallow mantle and transition zone. We used more than 2 x 10(6) and about 1 x 10(5) P- and pP-wave traveltime residuals, respectively, from about 40 000 earthquakes with epicentres in the study region that were recorded at one or more of the 2300 globally distributed seismological stations considered in this study. We assessed the spatial resolution in the tomographic images with checker boardtype sensitivity tests. These tests reveal high resolution of upper mantle and transition-zone structure, particularly below the central part of our study region. Structure with wavelengths of the order of 100 km is resolved below Japan, whereas structure with wavelengths of the order of 300 km is well resolved below the Kuril, Izu Bonin and Ryukyu arcs. Small-scale structure is poorly resolved in depth below the northern part of the Kuril-Kamchatka arc and below the Izu Bonin and Mariana arcs. This limits the interpretation of slab structure and mantle flow from tomographic images alone. With this limitation in mind, we conclude from the tomographic images that subducted slab deflects in the mantle transition zone below the geographical area encompassed by the Kuril basin, the Japan Sea, and the northern part of the Philippine Sea. This is in good agreement with the results of other recently published tomographic studies, the occurrence of earthquakes several hundred kilometres off the inclined Wadati-Benioff seismic zones, and inferences about '660 km' discontinuity topography. In contrast, slab-like structures of high P-wave velocity are imaged in the lower mantle below the deepest earthquakes of the northern Kuril-Kamchatka and Mariana seismic zones. This is indicative of local slab penetration of the lower mantle. From tomographic images we cannot discern between compositionally or thermally induced variations in seismic velocity. However, with regard to the nature of the boundary between upper and lower mantle, our observations argue against either compositional mantle layering with large contrasts in intrinsic density or phase changes with steep Clapeyron slopes. C1 UNIV LEEDS, DEPT EARTH SCI, LEEDS LS2 9JT, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND. US GEOL SURVEY, NATL EARTHQUAKE INFORMAT CTR, DENVER, CO 80225 USA. UNIV UTRECHT, DEPT THEORET GEOPHYS, 3508 TA UTRECHT, NETHERLANDS. NR 107 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 115 IS 1 BP 264 EP 302 PG 39 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA LZ782 UT WOS:A1993LZ78200019 ER PT J AU CUNNINGHAM, KI DUCHENE, HR AF CUNNINGHAM, KI DUCHENE, HR TI ON LECHUGUILLA CAVE SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Letter RP CUNNINGHAM, KI (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS 939,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD OCT PY 1993 VL 38 IS 10 BP 5 EP 5 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MA774 UT WOS:A1993MA77400001 ER PT J AU PECK, DL AF PECK, DL TI GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS MUST CONTINUE TO EVOLVE - COMMENT SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Editorial Material RP PECK, DL (reprint author), USGS NATL CTR,DIV GEOLOG,OFF CHIEF GEOLOGIST,MAIL STOP 911,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD OCT PY 1993 VL 38 IS 10 BP 7 EP 7 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MA774 UT WOS:A1993MA77400005 ER PT J AU LANDA, ER COUNCELL, TB AF LANDA, ER COUNCELL, TB TI URANIUM IN GLASS - REPLY SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Letter RP LANDA, ER (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, 430 NATL CTR, RESTON, VA 22092 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 65 IS 4 BP 442 EP 442 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA LZ437 UT WOS:A1993LZ43700021 ER PT J AU HOROWITZ, AJ ELRICK, KA COOK, RB AF HOROWITZ, AJ ELRICK, KA COOK, RB TI EFFECT OF MINING AND RELATED ACTIVITIES ON THE SEDIMENT TRACE-ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY OF LAKE COEUR-DALENE, IDAHO, USA .1. SURFACE SEDIMENTS SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE LAKE SEDIMENTS; SEDIMENT TRACE ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY; MINING IMPACT AB During the summer of 1989 surface sediment samples were collected in Lake Coeur d'Alene, the Coeur d'Alene River and the St Joe River, Idaho, at a density of approximately one sample per square kilometre. Additional samples were collected from the banks of the South Fork of the Coeur d'Alene and the Coeur d'Alene Rivers in 1991. All the samples were collected to determine trace element concentrations, partitioning and distribution patterns, and to relate them to mining, mining related and discharge operations that have occurred in the Coeur d'Alene district since the 1880s, some of which are ongoing. Most of the surface sediments in Lake Coeur d'Alene north of Conkling Point and Carey Bay are substantially enriched in Ag, As, Cu, Cd, Hg, Pb, Sb and Zn relative to unaffected sediments in the southern portion of the lake near the St Joe River. All the trace element enriched sediments are extremely fine grained (mean grain sizes much less than 63 mum). Most of the enriched trace elements, based on both the chemical analyses of separated heavy and light mineral fractions and a two step sequential extraction procedure, are associated with an operationally defined Fe oxide phase; much smaller percentages are associated either with operationally defined organics/sulphides or refractory phases. The presence, concentration and distribution of the Fe oxides and heavy minerals indicates that a substantial portion of the enriched trace elements are probably coming from the Coeur d'Alene River, which is serving as a point source. Within the lake, this relatively simple point source pattern is complicated by a combination of (1) the formation of trace element rich authigenic Fe oxides that appear to have reprecipitated from material solubilized from anoxic bed sediments and (2) physical remobilization by currents and wind driven waves. The processes that have caused the trace element enrichment in the surface sediments of Lake Coeur d'Alene are likely to continue for the foreseeable future. RP HOROWITZ, AJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,PEACHTREE BUSINESS PK,SUITE 130,3039 AMWILER RD,ATLANTA,GA 30360, USA. NR 0 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD OCT-DEC PY 1993 VL 7 IS 4 BP 403 EP 423 DI 10.1002/hyp.3360070406 PG 21 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA ME114 UT WOS:A1993ME11400005 ER PT J AU CARROLL, RD AF CARROLL, RD TI A VACUUM HAMMER SEISMIC SOURCE FOR UNDERGROUND USE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES & GEOMECHANICS ABSTRACTS LA English DT Note RP CARROLL, RD (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,POB 25046,MS 913,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0148-9062 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 30 IS 5 BP 559 EP 565 DI 10.1016/0148-9062(93)92223-D PG 7 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA LW973 UT WOS:A1993LW97300008 ER PT J AU PAILLET, FL AF PAILLET, FL TI USING BOREHOLE GEOPHYSICS AND CROSS-BOREHOLE FLOW TESTING TO DEFINE HYDRAULIC CONNECTIONS BETWEEN FRACTURE-ZONES IN BEDROCK AQUIFERS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ROCK AB Nearly a decade of intensive geophysical logging at fractured rock hydrology research sites indicates that geophysical logs can be used to identify and characterize fractures intersecting boreholes. However, borehole-to-borehole flow tests indicate that only a few of the apparently open fractures found to intersect boreholes conduct flow under test conditions. This paper presents a systematic approach to fracture characterization designed to define the distribution of fractures along boreholes, relate the measured fracture distribution to structure and lithology of the rock mass, and define the nature of fracture flow paths across borehole arrays. Conventional electrical resistivity, gamma, and caliper logs are used to define lithology and large-scale structure. Borehole wall image logs obtained with the borehole televiewer are used to give the depth, orientation, and relative size of fractures in situ. High-resolution flowmeter measurements are used to identify fractures conducting flow in the rock mass adjacent to the boreholes. Changes in the flow field over time are used to characterize the hydraulic properties of fracture intersections between boreholes. Application of this approach to an array of 13 boreholes at the Mirror Lake, New Hampshire site demonstrates that the transient flow analysis can be used to distinguish between fractures communicating with each other between observation boreholes, and those that are hydraulically isolated from each other in the surrounding rock mass. The Mirror Lake results also demonstrate that the method is sensitive to the effects of boreholes on the hydraulic properties of the fractured-rock aquifer. Experiments conducted before and after the drilling of additional boreholes in the array and before and after installation of packers in existing boreholes demonstrate that the presence of new boreholes or the inflation of packers in existing boreholes has a large effect on the measured hydraulic properties of the rock mass surrounding the borehole array. RP PAILLET, FL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 24 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-9851 J9 J APPL GEOPHYS JI J. Appl. Geophys. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 30 IS 4 BP 261 EP 279 DI 10.1016/0926-9851(93)90036-X PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA ME905 UT WOS:A1993ME90500001 ER PT J AU BURKART, MR KOLPIN, DW AF BURKART, MR KOLPIN, DW TI HYDROLOGIC AND LAND-USE FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HERBICIDES AND NITRATE IN NEAR-SURFACE AQUIFERS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; WATER; TRANSPORT; ZONE AB Selected herbicides, atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine) metabolites, and NO3- were examined in near-surface unconsolidated and bedrock aquifers in the midcontinental USA to study the hydrogeologic, spatial, and seasonal distribution of these contaminants. Groundwater samples were collected from 303 wells during the spring and late summer of 1991. At least one herbicide or atrazine metabolite was detected in 24% of the samples collected for herbicide analysis (reporting limit 0.05 mug/L). No herbicide concentration exceeded the USEPA's maximum contaminant level (MCL) or health advisory level. The most frequently detected compound was the at razine metabolite deethylatrazine [2-amino-4-chloro-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] followed by atrazine, deisopropylatrazine [2-amino-4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-s-triazine], prometon (2,4-bis(isopropylamino)-6-methyoxy-s-triazine), metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1methylethyl)acetamide], alachlor 12-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide], metribuzin [4-amino-6-(tert-butyl)-3-methylthio-as-triazine-5(4H)-one], simazine (2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine], and cyanazine {2-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-2-methylpropionitrile]. Nitrite plus nitrate, as nitrogen (N), exceeding 3.0 mg/L (excess NO3-), was found in 29% of the samples, and 6% had 3- exceeding the MCL of 10 mg/L. Ammonium as N was detected in excess of 0.01 mg/L in 78% of the samples. A nonlinear increase in the frequency of atrazine detection occurred with decreases in reporting limit. The frequency of atrazine residue detection (atrazine + deethylatrazine + deisopropylatrazine) was 25% greater than for atrazine alone. Herbicide detections and excess NO3- were notably lacking in the eastern part of the study region where it was estimated that herbicide and fertilizer use were among the largest in the region. Prometon, the second most frequently detected herbicide, was associated with non-agricultural land use. Herbicide and excess NO3- were more frequent in unconsolidated aquifers than in bedrock aquifers. Aquifer depth, as direct measurement of proximity to recharge sources, was inversely related to frequency of herbicide detection and excess NO3-. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,IOWA CITY,IA 52244. RP BURKART, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 33 TC 141 Z9 145 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD OCT-DEC PY 1993 VL 22 IS 4 BP 646 EP 656 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MG004 UT WOS:A1993MG00400002 ER PT J AU GOFF, BF BENT, GC HART, GE AF GOFF, BF BENT, GC HART, GE TI EROSION RESPONSE OF A DISTURBED SAGEBRUSH STEPPE HILLSLOPE SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SOIL-EROSION; RANGELAND; INFILTRATION; RUNOFF; RAINFALL; RESIDUE; PLOTS; MODEL AB Land management activities that disrupt surface vegetation cover pose a serious threat to the long-term stability of buried-waste sites located within the semiarid sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.) steppe region of the northwestern USA. In this study, we evaluated the erosion response of a sagebrush hillslope subjected to three vegetation cover treatments: natural (undisturbed), bare (plant canopy and litter cover removed), and clipped (canopy removed). A rotating boom rainfall simulator was used to apply rain at 60 or 120 mm/h intensities to runoff plots (3.0 m by 10.7 m) with dry, wet, and very wet antecedent moisture conditions, and during two late and one early summer seasons. Supplemental overland flow was added at the upper end of each plot to simulate increased slope length during very wet runs. Maximum soil loss rates on the natural, clipped, and bare treatments were, respectively, 1, 5, and 216 mg/m2 per s during the 60 mm/h rainfall intensity, and 13, 79, and 1473 mg/m2 per s during the 120 mm/h rainfall intensity. Cumulative soil loss was typically 100 to 1000 times greater on the bare treatment than on the natural or clipped treatments. Increases in simulated slope length produced a near linear increase in soil loss from the bare treatment plots (about 0.02 g/m2 per s soil loss per m of slope length) until 30 m, after which the effect of slope length declined. Surface crust development and mound-intermound microtopography played important roles in governing soil detachment and transport on the hillslope. Despite high rainfall intensity and surface runoff rates, rill erosion was negligible on both the undisturbed and disturbed portions of the hillslope. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,28 LORD RD,SUITE 280,MARLBOROUGH,MA 01752. UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST RESOURCES,WATERSHED SCI UNIT,LOGAN,UT 84322. NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD OCT-DEC PY 1993 VL 22 IS 4 BP 698 EP 709 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MG004 UT WOS:A1993MG00400010 ER PT J AU LIPIN, BR AF LIPIN, BR TI PRESSURE INCREASES, THE FORMATION OF CHROMITE SEAMS, AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ULTRAMAFIC SERIES IN THE STILLWATER COMPLEX, MONTANA SO JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY LA English DT Article ID EASTERN BUSHVELD COMPLEX; BASALTIC MAGMAS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; HAWAIIAN BASALTS; KILAUEA VOLCANO; RIDGE BASALT; ORIGIN; ASCENT; LAVAS; INTRUSION AB This paper explores the hypothesis that chromite seams in the Stillwater Complex formed in response to periodic increases in total pressure in the chamber. Total pressure increased because of the positive DELTAV of nucleation of CO2 bubbles in the melt and their subsequent rise through the magma chamber, during which the bubbles increased in volume by a factor of 4-6. By analogy with the pressure changes in the summit chambers of Kilauea and Krafla volcanoes, the maximum variation was 0.2-0.25 kbar, or 5-10% of the total pressure in the Stillwater chamber. An evaluation of the likelihood of fountaining and mixing of a new, primitive liquid that entered the chamber with the somewhat more evolved liquid already in the chamber is based upon calculations using observed and inferred velocities and flow rates of basaltic magmas moving through volcanic fissures. The calculations indicate that hot, dense magma would have oozed, rather than fountained into the chamber, and early mixing of the new and residual magmas that could have resulted in chromite crystallizing alone did not take place. Mixing was an important process in the Stillwater magma chamber, however. After the new magma in the chamber underwent approximately 5% fractional crystallization, its composition, temperature, and density approached those of the overlying liquid in the chamber and the liquids then mixed. If this process occurred many times over the course of the development of the Ultramafic series, a thick column of magma with orthopyroxene on its liquidus would have been the result. Thus, the sequence of multiple injections, fractionation, and mixing with previously fractionated magma could have been the mechanism that produced the thick bronzite cumulate layer (the Bronzitite zone) above the cyclic units. RP LIPIN, BR (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,954 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 75 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0022-3530 J9 J PETROL JI J. Petrol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 34 IS 5 BP 955 EP 976 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MF831 UT WOS:A1993MF83100005 ER PT J AU SANDLER, RJ ROCKE, TE SAMUEL, MD YUILL, TM AF SANDLER, RJ ROCKE, TE SAMUEL, MD YUILL, TM TI SEASONAL PREVALENCE OF CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM TYPE-C IN SEDIMENTS OF A NORTHERN CALIFORNIA WETLAND SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE AVIAN BOTULISM; C1 TOXIN; C2 TOXIN; CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM TYPE-C; MICROBIAL ECOLOGY; WATERFOWL DISEASE AB The prevalence of Clostridium botulinum type C (% of positive sediment samples) was determined in 10 marshes at Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge (SNWR), located in the Central Valley of California (USA), where avian botulism epizootics occur regularly. Fifty-two percent of 2,200 sediment samples collected over an 18-mo period contained C. botulinum type C (both neurotoxic and aneurotoxic) which was present throughout the year in all 10 marshes. The prevalence of C. botulinum type C was similar in marshes with either high or low botulism losses in the previous 5 yr. Marshes with avian botulism mortality during the study had similar prevalences as marshes with no mortality. However, the prevalence of C. botulinum type C was higher in marshes that remained flooded all year (permanent) compared with marshes that were drained in the spring and reflooded in the fall (seasonal). The prevalence of C. botulinum type C declined in seasonal marshes during the dry period. Similar declines did not occur in the permanently flooded marshes. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT VET SCI,MADISON,WI 53706. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL WILDLIFE HLTH RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53711. UNIV WISCONSIN,SCH VET MED,MADISON,WI 53706. OI Rocke, Tonie/0000-0003-3933-1563 NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 29 IS 4 BP 533 EP 539 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MF941 UT WOS:A1993MF94100003 PM 8258850 ER PT J AU NESBITT, SA CARPENTER, JW AF NESBITT, SA CARPENTER, JW TI SURVIVAL AND MOVEMENTS OF GREATER SANDHILL CRANES EXPERIMENTALLY RELEASED IN FLORIDA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION AB The potential reintroduction of a population of whooping cranes (Grus americana) in Florida depends on having an effective introduction technique. We tested 2 experimental release techniques to evaluate post-release survival, dispersal, and the innate predilection to migration in cranes as a preliminary step in the establishment of a non-migrating population of whooping cranes. Thirty-four eggs of migratory greater sandhill cranes (GSHC) (G. canadensis tabida) were exchanged for the clutches in 23 nests of Florida sandhill cranes (FSHC) (G. c. pratensis), a non-migratory subspecies; 5 young were fledged from these introductions. Concurrently, 27 captive-reared, subadult GSHC were soft-released in the same area of north-central Florida. Movements and survival of both release groups were assessed through radio telemetry. In general, dispersal was similar to normal, subadult FSHC. The experimental birds tended to move south in autumn, but did not move north in the spring; frequency of southern movements was not different in control and experimental groups. Survival differed (P < 0.005) between experimental groups; 56% for captive-reared young (for the first year following release) and 39% for foster-reared young (from hatching to leaving natal home range). Our data suggest that captive-rearing and soft-release should be used as the primary reintroduction strategy for future releases of whooping cranes. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,ENDANGERED SPECIES RES PROGRAM,LAUREL,MD 20708. RP NESBITT, SA (reprint author), FLORIDA GAME & FRESH WATER FISH COMMISS,4005 S MAIN ST,GAINESVILLE,FL 32601, USA. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 57 IS 4 BP 673 EP 679 DI 10.2307/3809065 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA MB571 UT WOS:A1993MB57100002 ER PT J AU PIETZ, PJ KRAPU, GL GREENWOOD, RJ LOKEMOEN, JT AF PIETZ, PJ KRAPU, GL GREENWOOD, RJ LOKEMOEN, JT TI EFFECTS OF HARNESS TRANSMITTERS ON BEHAVIOR AND REPRODUCTION OF WILD MALLARDS SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID NORTH-CENTRAL MINNESOTA; AMERICAN BLACK DUCKS; BREEDING-SEASON; SURVIVAL AB Radio telemetry has been an important research tool in waterfowl studies for >20 years, yet little effort has been made to evaluate potential effects of transmitters on the birds that carry them. As part of a 4-year mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) study in the prairie pothole region of North Dakota and Minnesota, we compared radio-marked and unmarked female mallards in terms of percent time observed feeding, resting, and preening; nest initiation date; and clutch size and egg volume. Radio-marked females carried a 23-g back-mounted transmitter attached with a 2-loop harness (Dwyer 1972). On average, radio-marked females tended to feed less, rest and preen more, initiate nests later, and lay smaller clutches and eggs than unmarked females. Thus, behavioral and reproductive data from ducks marked with back-mounted attached transmitters may be biased. We recommend that new designs of radio packages be field tested and caution that effects may be masked under extreme environmental conditions. RP PIETZ, PJ (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NO PRAIRIE WILDLIFE RES CTR,ROUTE 1,BOX 96C,JAMESTOWN,ND 58401, USA. NR 37 TC 92 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 17 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 57 IS 4 BP 696 EP 703 DI 10.2307/3809068 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA MB571 UT WOS:A1993MB57100005 ER PT J AU HOUSTON, RA GREENWOOD, RJ AF HOUSTON, RA GREENWOOD, RJ TI EFFECTS OF RADIO TRANSMITTERS ON NESTING CAPTIVE MALLARDS SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL NORTH-DAKOTA; SURVIVAL; BROODS; DUCKS AB Radio packages may subtly affect bird behavior and condition, and thus could bias results from studies using this technique. To assess effects on reproduction of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), we tested 3 types of back-mounted radio packages on captive females. Eight paired females were randomly assigned to each of 4 treatments: 4-g transmitter attached with sutures and glue, 10-g or 18-g transmitter attached with a harness, and no transmitter (control). All mallards were fed ad libitum. No differences were detected among treatments in number of clutches, clutch size, nesting interval, egg mass, or body mass; powers (range = 0.15-0.48) of tests were low. Feather wear and skin irritation around radio packages were minimal. Birds retained sutured transmitters for an average of 43.5 days (range = 3-106 days) and harness transmitters for the duration of the study (106 days). Sutures were not reliable and presently are not recommended as an attachment method. caution is advised in applying these results to radio-equipped mallards in the wild. RP HOUSTON, RA (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NO PRAIRIE WILDLIFE RES CTR,JAMESTOWN,ND 58401, USA. NR 21 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 57 IS 4 BP 703 EP 709 DI 10.2307/3809069 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA MB571 UT WOS:A1993MB57100006 ER PT J AU WOOLINGTON, DW AF WOOLINGTON, DW TI SEX-RATIOS OF CANVASBACKS WINTERING IN LOUISIANA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; CAROLINA AB Disparate sex ratios in waterfowl are considered indicative of differential survival between the sexes and may limit reproductive potential. Because other studies have shown canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria) have highly skewed sex ratios, I examined aerial photographs from surveys flown monthly during winters 1987-88 and 1988-89 to determine sex ratios of canvasbacks in Louisiana where the wintering population is increasing. Estimated statewide sex ratios (proportion male) were balanced during the initial arrival period in November (1987: 0.505, 1988: 0.524), dominated by males during December-February (range = 0.600-0.655), and then dominated by females as birds departed in March (1989: 0.419). Sex ratios varied geographically with males being more prevalent in flocks at inland sites than in coastal areas. Canvasback sex ratios did not vary by flock size nor between major- and minor-use areas. Canvasback sex ratios in Louisiana appeared to be representative of the population wintering in the lower Mississippi Valley and Gulf Coast region and were less male dominated than the sex ratios projected for the population wintering in the Atlantic Flyway. Overall sex ratio characteristics imply that female canvasbacks in Louisiana may have higher annual survival or recruitment rates relative to males than occur in other wintering populations. I suggest that this may partially explain the observed increases in canvasbacks wintering in Louisiana. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL WETLANDS RES CTR,LAFAYETTE,LA 70506. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 57 IS 4 BP 751 EP 758 DI 10.2307/3809075 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA MB571 UT WOS:A1993MB57100012 ER PT J AU HOHMAN, WL PRITCHERT, RD MOORE, JL SCHAEFFER, DO AF HOHMAN, WL PRITCHERT, RD MOORE, JL SCHAEFFER, DO TI SURVIVAL OF FEMALE CANVASBACKS WINTERING IN COASTAL LOUISIANA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID DISTRIBUTIONS AB Annual survival probabilities of female canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria) are lower than those of males, but sources and timing of mortality are poorly understood. To further elucidate causes of reduced annual survival in female canvasbacks, we estimated survival rates for radio-tagged females in coastal Louisiana during winters 1988-91. Survival estimates for winters 1988-91 were 0.946 +/- 0.072 (estimate +/- 95% CI) for adults (n = 82) and 0.952 +/- 0.065 for immatures (n = 51). High survival by females wintering in coastal Louisiana suggests that sex- and age-related differences in canvasback survival occur during other periods of the annual cycle or at other wintering or staging sites. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,CTR WETLAND RESOURCES,NATL WETLANDS RES CTR,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,SCH VET MED,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. RP HOHMAN, WL (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL WETLANDS RES CTR,700 CAJUNDOME BLVD,LAFAYETTE,LA 70506, USA. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 57 IS 4 BP 758 EP 762 DI 10.2307/3809076 PG 5 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA MB571 UT WOS:A1993MB57100013 ER PT J AU HARAMIS, GM JORDE, DG BUNCK, CM AF HARAMIS, GM JORDE, DG BUNCK, CM TI SURVIVAL OF HATCHING-YEAR FEMALE CANVASBACKS WINTERING ON CHESAPEAKE BAY SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB Low annual survival of hatching-year (HY) females is a critical management concern for can-vasbacks (Aythya valisineria), and may contribute substantially to reduced reproductive potential and the male-biased sex ratio of the species. To evaluate the contribution of mortality on a traditional wintering area to low annual survival, we estimated survival rates of HY female canvasbacks during 3 winters (1987-89) on Chesapeake Bay. We implanted radio transmitters in 204 HY and 44 after-hatching-year (AHY; 1989 only) female canvasbacks and tracked them from mid-December to early March. Ten-week survival rates did not differ (P > 0.05) among years for HY females; estimates ranged from 0.833 to 0.930 and averaged 0.887. Of 17 mortalities recorded for HY females during the 3-year study, 14 of 15 dated deaths occurred during the duck hunting season (first 3 weeks of the study), even though the hunting season on canvasbacks was closed. As a result, survival rates were lower during hunting versus posthunting periods (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05 for 2 of 3 yr). Illegal hunting was the single largest source of mortality for HY females. Shot ducks accounted for a loss of 4% and suspected crippling losses (ducks scavenged by shoreline predators) may have increased hunting-associated losses to as high as 7%. In 1989, no deaths were observed for AHY females, and their survival was higher (P = 0.02) than HY females. High winter survival for HY females indicates that substantial mortality occurs at some other time of the annual cycle. RP HARAMIS, GM (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708, USA. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 57 IS 4 BP 763 EP 771 DI 10.2307/3809077 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA MB571 UT WOS:A1993MB57100014 ER PT J AU ARTHUR, SM PARAGI, TF KROHN, WB AF ARTHUR, SM PARAGI, TF KROHN, WB TI DISPERSAL OF JUVENILE FISHERS IN MAINE SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID FOX VULPES-VULPES; POPULATION-DENSITY; MARTES-PENNANTI; PATTERNS; MUSTELA; MOVEMENTS; SURVIVAL; MANITOBA; MAMMALS; RANGES AB We studied natal dispersal of fishers (Martes pennanti) in a harvested population in southcentral Maine during 1984-90 because of concern over the high level of harvest and a lack of information about fisher dispersal. Probability that an individual would disperse by the end of its first year was 73 and 100% for males and females, respectively (n = 21 M, 12 F). However, 32% of males and no females dispersed before the age of 9 months. Mean distance between natal and adult home ranges did not differ (t = 0.16, P = 0.88) between males (n = 8, xBAR = 10.8 km, range = 4.1-19.5) and females (n = 5, xBAR = 11.2 km, range = 5.0-18.9). Dispersal, in combination with intrasexual territoriality of adults, may limit fisher density and competition for food. Dispersal of nearly all juveniles allowed them to quickly replace adults removed by fur trapping. However, the short distances moved by dispersing fishers may limit their ability to recolonize areas from which fishers have been extirpated, and may reduce interchange among isolated populations. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,KOYUKUK NOWITNA REFUGE COMPLEX,GALENA,AK 99741. UNIV MAINE,MAINE COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ORONO,ME 04469. RP ARTHUR, SM (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ALASKA FISH & WILDLIFE RES CTR,1011 E TUDOR RD,ANCHORAGE,AK 99503, USA. NR 45 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 57 IS 4 BP 868 EP 874 DI 10.2307/3809091 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA MB571 UT WOS:A1993MB57100028 ER PT J AU LEE, MW HUTCHINSON, DR DILLON, WP MILLER, JJ AGENA, WF SWIFT, BA AF LEE, MW HUTCHINSON, DR DILLON, WP MILLER, JJ AGENA, WF SWIFT, BA TI METHOD OF ESTIMATING THE AMOUNT OF IN-SITU GAS HYDRATES IN DEEP MARINE-SEDIMENTS SO MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GAS HYDRATES; AMPLITUDE BLANKING; ESTIMATION METHOD ID BLAKE OUTER RIDGE; REFLECTION; SITE-533; HORIZONS AB The bulk volume of gas hydrates in marine sediments can be estimated by measuring interval velocities and amplitude blanking of hydrated zones from true amplitude processed multichannel seismic reflection data. In general, neither velocity nor amplitude information is adequate to independently estimate hydrate concentration. A method is proposed that uses amplitude blanking calibrated by interval velocity information to quantify hydrate concentrations in the Blake Ridge area of the US Atlantic continental margin. On the Blake Ridge, blanking occurs in conjunction with relatively low interval velocities. The model that best explains this relation linearly mixes two end-member sediments: hydrated and unhydrated sediment. Hydrate concentration in the hydrate end-member can be calculated from a weighted equation that uses velocity estimated from the seismic data, known properties of the pure hydrate, and porosity inferred from a velocity-porosity relationship. Amplitude blanking can be predicted as the proportions of hydrated and unhydrated sediment change across a reflection boundary. Our analysis of a small area near DSDP 533 indicates that the amount of gas hydrates is about 6% in total volume when the interval velocity is used as a criterion and about 9.5% when amplitude information is used. This compares with a calculated value of about 8% derived from the only available measurement in DSDP 533. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. RP LEE, MW (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 39 TC 64 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 5 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0264-8172 J9 MAR PETROL GEOL JI Mar. Pet. Geol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 10 IS 5 BP 493 EP 506 DI 10.1016/0264-8172(93)90050-3 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA LX715 UT WOS:A1993LX71500007 ER PT J AU GARROTT, RA EBERHARDT, LL BURN, DM AF GARROTT, RA EBERHARDT, LL BURN, DM TI MORTALITY OF SEA OTTERS IN PRINCE-WILLIAM SOUND FOLLOWING THE EXXON-VALDEZ OIL-SPILL SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BOOTSTRAPPING; BOAT SURVEYS; CENSUS TECHNIQUES; SIGHTING PROBABILITIES; MORTALITY; POPULATION GROWTH; CONTAMINANTS; ENHYDRA-LUTRIS; IMPACTS OF OIL SPILL; CARCASS RECOVERY RATES; PRINCE-WILLIAM SOUND; ALASKA AB This paper presents an estimate of the total number of sea otters that died as a direct consequence of the oil spill that occurred when the T/V Exxon Valdez grounded in Prince William Sound, Alaska on 24 March 1989. We compared sea otter counts conducted from small boats throughout the Sound during the summers of 1984 and 1985 to counts made after the spill during the summer of 1089. We used ratio estimators, corrected for sighting probability, to calculate otter densities and population estimates for portions of the Sound affected by die oil spill. We estimated the otter population in the portion of Prince William Sound affected by the oil was 6,546 at the time of the spill and that the post-spill population in the summer of 1989 was 3,898, yielding a loss estimate of approximately 2,650. Bootstrapping techniques were used to approximate confidence limits on die loss estimate of about 500-5,000 otters. The wide confidence limits are a result of die complex scheme required to estimate losses and limitations of the data. Despite the uncertainty of the loss estimate it is dear that a significant fraction of the otters in the spill zone survived. We observed otters persisting in relatively dean embayments throughout the oil spill zone suggesting that the highly convoluted coastline of Prince William Sound produced refuges that allowed some. sea otters in the oil spill area to survive. C1 PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, MARINE MAMMALS MANAGEMENT, ANCHORAGE, AK 99508 USA. RP GARROTT, RA (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT WILDLIFE ECOL, 226 RUSSELL LABS, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. NR 22 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 29 PU SOC MARINE MAMMALOGY PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 9 IS 4 BP 343 EP 359 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.1993.tb00468.x PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA MH887 UT WOS:A1993MH88700001 ER PT J AU KOWALLIS, BJ CHRISTIANSEN, EH EVERETT, BH CROWLEY, KD NAESER, CW MILLER, DS DEINO, AL AF KOWALLIS, BJ CHRISTIANSEN, EH EVERETT, BH CROWLEY, KD NAESER, CW MILLER, DS DEINO, AL TI POSSIBLE SECONDARY APATITE FISSION-TRACK AGE STANDARD FROM ALTERED VOLCANIC ASH BEDS IN THE MIDDLE JURASSIC CARMEL FORMATION, SOUTHWESTERN UTAH SO NUCLEAR TRACKS AND RADIATION MEASUREMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Fission-Track Thermochronology CY JUL 13-17, 1992 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP UNIV PENN, US NATL SCI FDN, DONELICK ANAL, ARCO EXPLORAT & PROD TECHNOL ID KENYA AB Secondary age standards are valuable in intra- and interlaboratory calibration. At present very few such standards are available for fission track dating that is older than Tertiary. Several altered volcanic ash beds occur in the Middle Jurassic Carmel Formation in southwestem Utah. The formation was deposited in a shallow marine/sabhka environment. Near Gunlock, Utah, eight ash beds have been identified. Sanidines from one of the ash beds (GUN-F) give a single-crystal laser-probe Ar-40/Ar-39 age of 166.3 +/- 0.8 Ma (2sigma). Apatite and zircon fission track ages range from 152-185 Ma with typically 15-20 Ma errors (2sigma). Track densities in zircons are high and most grains are not countable. Apatites are fairly common in most of the ash beds and have reasonable track densities ranging between 1.2-1.5 x 10(6) tracks/cm2. Track length distributions in apatites are unimodal, have standard deviations < 1 mum, and mean track lengths of about 14-14.5 mum. High Cl apatites (F:Cl:OH ratio of 39:33:28) are particularly abundant and large in ash GUN-F, and are fairly easy to concentrate, but the concentrates contain some siderite, most of which can be removed by sieving. GUN-F shows evidence of some reworking and detrital contamination based on older single grain Ar-40/Ar-39 analyses and some rounding of grains, but the apatite population appears to be largely uncontaminated. At present BJK has approximately 12 g of apatite separate from GUN-F. C1 MIAMI UNIV,DEPT GEOL,OXFORD,OH 45056. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST,DEPT GEOL,TROY,NY 12181. INST HUMAN ORIGINS,CTR GEOCHRONOL,BERKELEY,CA 94709. RP KOWALLIS, BJ (reprint author), BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV,DEPT GEOL,PROVO,UT 84602, USA. RI Christiansen, Eric/A-8948-2009; OI Christiansen, Eric/0000-0002-1108-5260 NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0735-245X J9 NUCL TRACKS RAD MEAS PD OCT PY 1993 VL 21 IS 4 BP 519 EP 524 DI 10.1016/1359-0189(93)90192-C PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA NQ284 UT WOS:A1993NQ28400009 ER PT J AU MILLER, DS CROWLEY, KD DOKKA, RK GALBRAITH, RF KOWALLIS, BJ NAESER, CW AF MILLER, DS CROWLEY, KD DOKKA, RK GALBRAITH, RF KOWALLIS, BJ NAESER, CW TI RESULTS OF INTERLABORATORY COMPARISON OF FISSION-TRACK AGES FOR 1992 FISSION-TRACK WORKSHOP SO NUCLEAR TRACKS AND RADIATION MEASUREMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Fission-Track Thermochronology CY JUL 13-17, 1992 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP UNIV PENN, US NATL SCI FDN, DONELICK ANAL, ARCO EXPLORAT & PROD TECHNOL AB Two apatites and one sphene were made available to the fission track research community for analysis prior to the 1992 Fission Track Workshop held in Philadelphia, U.S.A., 13-17 July. Eighteen laboratories throughout the world received aliquots of apatite and sphene. To date, analyses by 33 different scientists have been received representing 15 different laboratories. With respect to the previous two interlaboratory comparisons, there is a noticeable improvement in the accuracy of the age results (Naeser and Cebula, 1978; Naeser et al., 1981; Miller et al., 1985; Miller et al., 1990). Ninety-four percent of the analysts used the external detector method (EDM) combined with the zeta technique while the remaining individuals used the population method (POP). Track length measurements (requested for the first time in the interlaboratory comparison studies) were in relatively good agreement. C1 MIAMI UNIV,DEPT GEOL,OXFORD,OH 45056. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT NEUROCHIM,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. UNIV LONDON UNIV COLL,DEPT STAT SCI,LONDON WC1E 6BT,ENGLAND. BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV,DEPT GEOL,PROVO,UT 84602. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. RP MILLER, DS (reprint author), RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST,DEPT GEOL,TROY,NY 12181, USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0735-245X J9 NUCL TRACKS RAD MEAS PD OCT PY 1993 VL 21 IS 4 BP 565 EP 573 DI 10.1016/1359-0189(93)90197-H PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA NQ284 UT WOS:A1993NQ28400014 ER PT J AU GRACE, JB GUNTENSPERGEN, GR KEOUGH, J AF GRACE, JB GUNTENSPERGEN, GR KEOUGH, J TI THE EXAMINATION OF A COMPETITION MATRIX FOR TRANSITIVITY AND INTRANSITIVE LOOPS SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID HERBACEOUS PLANT-COMMUNITIES; SPECIES COEXISTENCE; MIXTURE EXPERIMENTS; RANK ORDER; HIERARCHIES; ABILITY AB Recent examinations of competition matrices for transitivity (species A > species B > species C) have used techniques that can be subject to certain biases. First, recent theoretical and empirical analyses have shown that traditional measures of competitive performance are biased in favor of the larger species. It is argued that this size bias has the potential to bias analyses of transitivity. Second, analytical techniques used to test matrices for transitivity can be shown to be insensitive to the presence of intransitive loops. Techniques are presented for exploring both these types of errors and these techniques are illustrated using the results from a six-species study of marsh plants. In addition, two published studies are partially reanalyzed using a technique designed to detect intransitivities. Results for both the new data set as well as for the published data sets fail to reveal intransitivities. For the marsh plant study, the size bias associated with traditional measures of competitive success did not bias in favor of transitivity. We conclude (1) that the studies examined do not possess intransitive loops and (2) care must be taken in order to avoid biased analyses if intransitive loops are to be detected. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. RP GRACE, JB (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL WETLANDS RES CTR,700 CAJUNDOME BLVD,LAFAYETTE,LA 70506, USA. NR 23 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 9 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD OCT PY 1993 VL 68 IS 1 BP 91 EP 98 DI 10.2307/3545313 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MB138 UT WOS:A1993MB13800011 ER PT J AU WHEELER, DJ AF WHEELER, DJ TI COMMENTARY - LINKING ENVIRONMENTAL-MODELS WITH GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEMS FOR GLOBAL CHANGE RESEARCH SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID BIOSPHERE MODEL; TERRAIN AB To effectively analyze the spatial variation inherent in Earth systems, it is essential to integrate the spatial database structures of GIS into the environmental modeling process. This coupling has been attempted using process models in climate, hydrology, biogeochemical, and ecosystem dynamics, but there are a number of technical and theoretical obstacles to overcome before this integration can be fully effective in global change research. This commentary identifies key areas of research involving this integration, and obstacles which limit its success, including data sources, data formats and compatibility, costs, GIS functionality, computing speed, and the level of communication between the modeling and GIS communities. Recommendations for short-term solutions to these problems emphasize improving the transferability of data between existing systems. Long-term solutions suggest changing the way models are designed and how GISs store and process their data. RP WHEELER, DJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,521 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 59 IS 10 BP 1497 EP 1501 PG 5 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA MB704 UT WOS:A1993MB70400004 ER PT J AU GREVE, CW KELMELIS, JA FEGEAS, R GUPTILL, SC MOUAT, N AF GREVE, CW KELMELIS, JA FEGEAS, R GUPTILL, SC MOUAT, N TI INVESTIGATING UNITED-STATES-GEOLOGICAL-SURVEY NEEDS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF TEMPORAL GIS DATA SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB The U.S. Geological Survey is investigating its needs for management of temporal information in the National Digital CartograPhic Data Base. Future production methods and customer requirements will probably require a capability to capture the history of individual features within the database. Updates to the digital database may be accomplished on a feature by feature basis, rather than through a revision of the entire map sheet, as has been the case in the past. Under this scenario, the ability to support queries involving the historical evolution of map features will require additions or modifications to the existing database structure. RP GREVE, CW (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,NATL MAPPING DIV,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 59 IS 10 BP 1503 EP 1507 PG 5 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA MB704 UT WOS:A1993MB70400005 ER PT J AU KINDSCHI, GA BARROWS, FT AF KINDSCHI, GA BARROWS, FT TI SURVEY OF SWIM BLADDER INFLATION IN WALLEYES REARED IN HATCHERY PRODUCTION PONDS SO PROGRESSIVE FISH-CULTURIST LA English DT Article ID STRIPED BASS LARVAE; INTENSIVE CULTURE; MORONE-SAXATILIS; FRY; MORTALITY; SURVIVAL; FOOD AB We examined pond-reared fingerling walleyes (Stizostedion vitreum) for inflation of the swim bladder at harvest. We evaluated 120,064 fish from 15 facilities in nine states during 1989, 1990, and 1991. Samples of walleye were collected from 188 ponds, and only 3.5% (4,229) of the fish examined lacked an inflated swim bladder during the 3-year period. Walleyes with uninflated swim bladders were observed at each facility during one or more years. Of the 188 ponds, 53.7% (101) contained walleyes that lacked inflated swim bladders, and these fish (after freezing) were shorter and lighter in weight and had less body fat than walleyes with inflated swim bladders. There appeared to be no relationship between size of fish at pond harvest and the incidence of swim bladder inflation in any pond. Incidence of uninflated swim bladders reached 55% in one pond. Although only a small percentage of walleyes overall lacked an inflated swim bladder in this survey, we feel that walleye fingerlings should be sampled at harvest to assess not only swim bladder inflation but also overall fish quality before the fish are distributed. RP KINDSCHI, GA (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,BOZEMAN FISH TECHNOL CTR,4050 BRIDGER CANYON RD,BOZEMAN,MT 59715, USA. NR 21 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0033-0779 J9 PROG FISH CULT JI Progress. Fish-Cult. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 55 IS 4 BP 219 EP 223 DI 10.1577/1548-8640(1993)055<0219:SOSBII>2.3.CO;2 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA MF740 UT WOS:A1993MF74000002 ER PT J AU BARROWS, FT ZITZOW, RE KINDSCHI, GA AF BARROWS, FT ZITZOW, RE KINDSCHI, GA TI EFFECTS OF SURFACE-WATER SPRAY, DIET, AND PHASE FEEDING ON SWIM BLADDER INFLATION, SURVIVAL, AND COST OF PRODUCTION OF INTENSIVELY REARED LARVAL WALLEYES SO PROGRESSIVE FISH-CULTURIST LA English DT Article ID FRY; CULTURE AB Three experiments were conducted to determine the effects of a surface water spray and diet on survival and swim bladder inflation of intensively reared larval walleyes. Survival and swim bladder inflation were determined at 30 d posthatch. In each experiment, 275-L cylindrical tanks were stocked with 20 fry/L. In experiment 1, a spray of water was applied to the surface of three tanks, and three additional tanks received no surface spray. BioKyowa FFK-B diet was fed to fish in all tanks. Survival of fish with the spray (11.8%) and without the spray (9.1%) was not significantly different, but the incidence of swim bladder inflation was higher with (98.4%) than without the spray (51.7%). In experiment 2, larval walleyes were fed one of three commercially available larval feeds-FFX-B, San Francisco Bay Brand EPAC, and Zeigler Larval AP200-and all tanks received a surface spray. Only the fish fed FFK-B had reasonable 30-d survival (33.1%) and swim bladder inflation rates (95.6%). In experiment 3, phase feeding was tested in conjunction with a surface spray. The fish were fed FFK-B until 11 d posthatch and then either FFK-B, FFK-C, or WS9112 (our experimental formulation) for the remainder of the 30-d trial. Survival (30.2-33.1%) and swim bladder inflation rates (95.3-95.6%) were similar among diet treatments. Fish fed WS9112 did not gain as much weight and had a higher body fat content than the fish fed the other two secondary diets. Feeding FFK-C instead of FFK-B during the second phase reduced feed costs by 76% without a reduction in survival or swim bladder inflation. RP BARROWS, FT (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,CTR FISH TECHNOL,4050 BRIDGER CANYON RD,BOZEMAN,MT 59715, USA. NR 14 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0033-0779 J9 PROG FISH CULT JI Progress. Fish-Cult. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 55 IS 4 BP 224 EP 228 DI 10.1577/1548-8640(1993)055<0224:EOSWSD>2.3.CO;2 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA MF740 UT WOS:A1993MF74000003 ER PT J AU ROSS, RM BACKMAN, TWH BENNETT, RM AF ROSS, RM BACKMAN, TWH BENNETT, RM TI EVALUATION OF THE ANESTHETIC METOMIDATE FOR THE HANDLING AND TRANSPORT OF JUVENILE AMERICAN SHAD SO PROGRESSIVE FISH-CULTURIST LA English DT Article ID ETOMIDATE; FISH AB Juvenile American shad (Alosa sapidissima) were exposed to three levels of metomidate (0.0 = control, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/L) and three types of sedation or handling (none, sedation only, and handling after sedation) to determine the efficacy and safety of the drug for use in transport and handling of this species. Mean sedation times were 9 and 3 min, and mean recovery times were 6 and 7 min, respectively, for the 0.5- and 1.0-mg/L concentrations of metomidate. For fish exposed to 1.0 mg metomidate/L, normal swimming behavior was delayed as long as 4 h after fish were placed in drug-free water. Aggregating and parallel orientation behaviors, precursors of normal schooling, were significantly reduced at the highest drug level for 1 h, but not for 24 h, after recovery. No posttreatment difference in behavior was observed as a result of handling fish (removal from water, weighing, and measuring) under sedation. Long-term (50-d) survival was not affected by drug concentration in one experiment and was improved by use of the anesthetic in a second study. Metomidate appears to be useful and safe for the transportation and handling of juvenile American shad. RP ROSS, RM (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERY RES & DEV LAB,RURAL DELIVERY 4,BOX 63,WELLSBORO,PA 16901, USA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0033-0779 J9 PROG FISH CULT JI Progress. Fish-Cult. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 55 IS 4 BP 236 EP 243 DI 10.1577/1548-8640(1993)055<0236:EOTAMF>2.3.CO;2 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA MF740 UT WOS:A1993MF74000005 ER PT J AU WUNDERLICH, RC DILLEY, SJ HAGER, SR AF WUNDERLICH, RC DILLEY, SJ HAGER, SR TI A LOW-COST FISH-DELIVERY METHOD FOR PLANTING FISH VIA HELICOPTER SO PROGRESSIVE FISH-CULTURIST LA English DT Note AB Our inexpensive method to load and to transfer fish via helicopter proved efficient for mass outplanting of juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Fish loads were transferred to a preloading holding box at the staging site and then rapidly dispensed into a helicopter-transported fire bucket modified for water aeration. Rapid turnaround time and use of the fire bucket significantly reduced costs and fish handling for mass outplanting of fish in remote areas. RP WUNDERLICH, RC (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,WESTERN WASHINGTON FISHERY RESOURCE OFF,2625 PARKMONT LANE,OLYMPIA,WA 98502, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0033-0779 J9 PROG FISH CULT JI Progress. Fish-Cult. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 55 IS 4 BP 289 EP 291 DI 10.1577/1548-8640(1993)055<0289:ALCFDM>2.3.CO;2 PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA MF740 UT WOS:A1993MF74000015 ER PT J AU BRADLEY, PM CHAPELLE, FH AF BRADLEY, PM CHAPELLE, FH TI ARSENATE INHIBITION OF DENITRIFICATION IN NITRATE CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER AB Short-term and chronic exposure effects of arsenic on sediment denitrification were evaluated. N2O production rates were determined for As-contaminated (chronic treatment) and uncontaminated (short-term treatment) sediments exposed to a range of As concentrations. The As-containing sediments, collected from an herbicide-contaminated shallow aquifer, exhibited significantly lower rates of denitrification with increasing As concentration. With glucose amendment, denitrification rates were ca 10 nmol N2O g-1 h-1 higher than in unamended treatments, but a similar trend of decreasing N2O production with increasing As concentration was observed. For the uncontaminated sediment, short-term increases in As concentration reduced the rate of denitrification only under glucose amended conditions. This response suggests that carbon limitation is also an important factor influencing denitrification in these sediments. These results indicate that by inhibiting the denitrification potential of the in situ microbial community, As contamination may contribute to nitrate accumulation in shallow aquifers, which underlie cultivated land. RP BRADLEY, PM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,STEPHENSON CTR,SUITE 129,720 GRACERN RD,COLUMBIA,SC 29210, USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 25 IS 10 BP 1459 EP 1462 DI 10.1016/0038-0717(93)90062-G PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA LZ396 UT WOS:A1993LZ39600018 ER PT J AU LANDMEYER, JE BRADLEY, PM CHAPELLE, FH AF LANDMEYER, JE BRADLEY, PM CHAPELLE, FH TI INFLUENCE OF PB ON MICROBIAL ACTIVITY IN PB-CONTAMINATED SOILS SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Note ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EVOLUTION; LEAD; METALS; RESPIRATION C1 UNIV S CAROLINA,DEPT BIOL SCI,COLUMBIA,SC 29208. UNIV S CAROLINA,DEPT GEOL SCI,COLUMBIA,SC 29208. RP LANDMEYER, JE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,STEPHENSON CTR,SUITE 129,720 GRACERN RD,COLUMBIA,SC 29210, USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 25 IS 10 BP 1465 EP 1466 DI 10.1016/0038-0717(93)90064-I PG 2 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA LZ396 UT WOS:A1993LZ39600020 ER PT J AU AVANZINO, RJ KENNEDY, VC AF AVANZINO, RJ KENNEDY, VC TI LONG-TERM FROZEN STORAGE OF STREAM WATER SAMPLES FOR DISSOLVED ORTHOPHOSPHATE, NITRATE PLUS NITRITE, AND AMMONIA ANALYSIS SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID 3RD-ORDER STREAM; MOUNTAIN STREAM; TRANSPORT; RETENTION; NUTRIENTS; CHANNEL AB Many researchers have used freezing as an effective, short-term, water sample preservation method for subsequent nutrient analysis. In this study, filtered samples held at -16 +/- 2-degrees-C for 4-8 years were reanalyzed for orthophosphate, nitrate plus nitrite, and ammonia. Orthophosphate and ammonia concentrations decreased by 0.2 mug P/L and 5 mug N/L, respectively, at mean concentrations of 69.4 mug P/L and 246 mug N/L. Nitrate plus nitrite increased by 1.1 mug N/L at a mean concentration of 139.1 mug N/L. An anaerobic well sample proved to be unsuitable for freezing because it lost significant amounts of orthophosphate during the freezing process. None of the differences observed over long periods of frozen storage were more than twice the estimated standard deviation of the analytical methods used in the study. The small changes observed demonstrate the effectiveness of frozen storage as a means of nutrient preservation in water samples that are unaffected by the freezing process itself. RP AVANZINO, RJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 24 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 29 IS 10 BP 3357 EP 3362 DI 10.1029/93WR01684 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA MA368 UT WOS:A1993MA36800005 ER PT J AU PIETERS, CM HEAD, JW SUNSHINE, JM FISCHER, EM MURCHIE, SL BELTON, M MCEWEN, A GADDIS, L GREELEY, R NEUKUM, G JAUMANN, R HOFFMANN, H AF PIETERS, CM HEAD, JW SUNSHINE, JM FISCHER, EM MURCHIE, SL BELTON, M MCEWEN, A GADDIS, L GREELEY, R NEUKUM, G JAUMANN, R HOFFMANN, H TI CRUSTAL DIVERSITY OF THE MOON - COMPOSITIONAL ANALYSES OF GALILEO SOLID-STATE IMAGING DATA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; MARE VOLCANISM; LUNAR; DEPOSITS; CRATERS; GEOLOGY; BASALTS; ORIGIN; REGION AB The multispectral images of the lunar limb and farside obtained by the solid state imaging (SSI) system on board the Galileo spacecraft provide the first new pulse of compositional data of the Moon by a spacecraft in well over a decade. The wavelength range covered by SSI filters (0.4-1.0 mum) is particularly sensitive to the composition of mare basalts, the abundance of mafic (ferrous) minerals, and the maturity of the regolith. To a first order, the limb and farside material is consistent with previous characterization of nearside lunar spectral types for mare and highland soils and craters. Most basalts are of an intermediate TiO2 composition and most of the highland crust is feldspathic with local variations in mafic content identified principally at impact craters. Dark mantling material on the farside can be interpreted in terms of known properties of lunar pyroclastic glass. Regions of cryptomare are shown to have spectral properties intermediate between those of highland and mare soils, as would be expected from a mixture of the two. There are several important exceptions and surprises, however. Unlike the basalt types identified on the nearside, limb and farside basalts exhibit an exceptionally weak 1 mum ferrous absorption band. This may indicate a compositionally distinct lunar basalt group that, for example, is more Mg-rich than most basalts of the nearside. Some of the most notable compositional anomalies are associated with South Pole-Aitken Basin. This large region has a much lower albedo than surrounding highlands. The inner, darkest, portion of the basin exhibits optical properties indistinguishable from low-Ti basalts. Deposits to the south exhibit unique properties with a strong and broad ferrous 1 mum absorption, most consistent with abundant olivine. The unusual compositions associated with South Pole-Aitken and their spatial extent suggests the impact creating this huge lunar basin excavated mafic-rich lower crust or perhaps mantle material. C1 NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERV,KITT PEAK NATL OBSERV,TUCSON,AZ 85726. US GEOL SURVEY,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001. ARIZONA STATE UNIV,TEMPE,AZ 85287. DLR,INST PLANETARY EXPLORAT,D-82230 OBERPFAFFENHOFEN,GERMANY. RP PIETERS, CM (reprint author), BROWN UNIV,DEPT GEOL SCI,PROVIDENCE,RI 02912, USA. RI Murchie, Scott/E-8030-2015 OI Murchie, Scott/0000-0002-1616-8751 NR 92 TC 73 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD SEP 25 PY 1993 VL 98 IS E9 BP 17127 EP 17148 DI 10.1029/93JE01221 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MA452 UT WOS:A1993MA45200010 ER PT J AU HEAD, JW MURCHIE, S MUSTARD, JF PIETERS, CM NEUKUM, G MCEWEN, A GREELEY, R NAGEL, E BELTON, MJS AF HEAD, JW MURCHIE, S MUSTARD, JF PIETERS, CM NEUKUM, G MCEWEN, A GREELEY, R NAGEL, E BELTON, MJS TI LUNAR IMPACT BASINS - NEW DATA FOR THE WESTERN LIMB AND FAR SIDE (ORIENTALE AND SOUTH-POLE AITKEN-BASINS) FROM THE 1ST GALILEO FLYBY SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID MARE VOLCANISM; STRATIGRAPHY; EVOLUTION; MOON AB Compositional aspects of impact basin materials can be analyzed using multispectral image data acquired by the Galileo solid state imaging (SSI) experiment during the December 1990 lunar encounter. These data provide important information on the spectral properties of the western lunar limb and parts of the far side. The SSI images cover the wavelength range 0.4-1.0 mum, allowing measurement of spectral slope and estimation of the strength of the 1 mum absorption due to iron in the mafic minerals olivine and pyroxene. Among deposits of the 930-km-diameter Orientale basin, exterior ejecta comprising the Hevelius Formation is relatively homogeneous and spectrally similar to mature Apollo 16 soils, suggesting an upper crustal source. The centrally located Maunder Formation is distinct from the younger mare basalts but comparable to the Hevelius Formation in its spectral reflectance properties, supporting an interpretation as basin impact melt. The Montes Rook Formation, located in an annulus between the Maunder and the Hevelius, shows a slightly stronger mafic absorption and may be the deepest crustal material excavated. The distal Orientale deposits show local mafic enhancements (in the Schiller-Schickard and Mendel-Rydberg regions) interpreted to represent pre-Orientale mare deposits, or cryptomaria, intermixed with overlying basin ejecta. In this case, maria of sizes comparable to those presently observed were widespread in this region before the Orientale impact. Mixing-model analyses are consistent with the ballistic erosion and sedimentation model for ejecta emplacement in the distal regions beyond the continuous ejecta deposit. On the southern lunar farside, a huge area with an enhanced mafic absorption corresponds to the interior and rim of the pre-Nectarian South Pole-Aitken impact basin, 2000-2500 km in diameter. The anomaly is interpreted to be due to several factors, including excavation into the more mafic lower crust, and the presence of extensive early volcanic fill (cryptomare), similar to that seen in ancient basins such as Smythii and Australe. These results show that although basin-forming events are an important factor in producing lateral heterogeneities in crustal composition, and in modifying preexisting deposits (such as cryptomaria), the majority of material in even the largest basins was excavated from crustal levels. Our results suggest a gradational vertical crustal stratigraphy consisting of an uppermost mixed crustal layer of anorthosite, basin ejecta, and cryptomaria deposits (generally corresponding to the megaregolith), an upper crustal layer of anorthosite, and a lower more noritic layer. Many of the basic questions remaining from this study could be addressed by global high-resolution geochemical and mineralogical data obtained by polar orbiting spacecraft. C1 NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERV,TUCSON,AZ 85726. DLR,INST PLANETARY EXPLORAT,D-12484 BERLIN,GERMANY. ARIZONA STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOL,TEMPE,AZ 85287. US GEOL SURVEY,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001. DLR,INST PLANETARY EXPLORAT,D-82230 OBERPFAFFENHOFEN,GERMANY. RP HEAD, JW (reprint author), BROWN UNIV,DEPT GEOL SCI,PROVIDENCE,RI 02912, USA. RI Murchie, Scott/E-8030-2015 OI Murchie, Scott/0000-0002-1616-8751 NR 87 TC 102 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD SEP 25 PY 1993 VL 98 IS E9 BP 17149 EP 17181 DI 10.1029/93JE01278 PG 33 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MA452 UT WOS:A1993MA45200011 ER PT J AU GREELEY, R KADEL, SD WILLIAMS, DA GADDIS, LR HEAD, JW MCEWEN, AS MURCHIE, SL NAGEL, E NEUKUM, G PIETERS, CM SUNSHINE, JM WAGNER, R BELTON, MJS AF GREELEY, R KADEL, SD WILLIAMS, DA GADDIS, LR HEAD, JW MCEWEN, AS MURCHIE, SL NAGEL, E NEUKUM, G PIETERS, CM SUNSHINE, JM WAGNER, R BELTON, MJS TI GALILEO IMAGING OBSERVATIONS OF LUNAR MARIA AND RELATED DEPOSITS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; OCEANUS PROCELLARUM; VOLCANISM; BASALTS; ORIGIN; STRATIGRAPHY; EVOLUTION; GEOLOGY; BASINS; RECORD AB The Galileo spacecraft imaged parts of the western limb and far side of the Moon in December 1990. Ratios of 0.41/0.56 mum filter images from the Solid State Imaging (SSI) experiment provided information on the titanium content of mare deposits; ratios of the 0.76/0.99 mum images indicated 1 mum absorptions associated with Fe2+ in mafic minerals. Mare ages were derived from crater statistics obtained from Lunar Orbiter images. Results on mare compositions in western Oceanus Procellarum and the Humorum basin are consistent with previous Earth-based observations, thus providing confidence in the use of Galileo data to extract compositional information. Mare units in the Grimaldi and Riccioli basins range in age from 3.25 to 3.48 Ga and consist of medium- to medium-high titanium (<4 to 7% TiO2) content lavas. The Schiller-Zucchius basin shows a higher 0.76/0.99 mum ratio than the surrounding highlands, indicating a potentially higher mafic mineral content consistent with previous interpretations that the area includes mare deposits blanketed by highland ejecta and light plains materials. The oldest mare materials in the Orientale basin occur in south-central Mare Orientale and are 3.7 Ga old; youngest mare materials are in Lacus Autumni and are 2.85 Ga old; these units are medium- to medium-high titanium (<4 to 7% TiO2) basalts. Thus, volcanism was active in Orientale for 0.85 Ga, but lavas were relatively constant in composition. Galileo data suggest that Mendel-Rydberg mare is similar to Mare Orientale; cryptomare are present as well. Thus, the mare lavas on the western limb and far side (to 178-degrees-E) are remarkably uniform in composition, being generally of medium- to medium-high titanium content and having relatively low 0.76/0.99 mum ratios. This region of the Moon is between two postulated large impact structures, the Procellarum and the South Pole-Aitken basins, and may have a relatively thick crust. In areas underlain by an inferred thinner crust, i.e., zones within large basins (as at Apollo), titanium content is often higher. However, no mare deposits with titanium abundances approaching those of the high-titanium (9 to 14% TiO2) Apollo 11 and 17 basalts nor of the high-titanium regions of central Oceanus Procellarum are seen on the western limb or eastern far side. Light plains deposits are generally indistinct from the surrounding highlands in the SSI data and are inferred to be derived primarily from the same material that forms the highlands. Some of the light plains are too young to be related to basin-forming impacts, suggesting possible volcanic origin. Dark mantle deposit compositions derived from SSI data are consistent with Earth-based observations of similar near-side deposits and are interpreted to be pyroclastic materials. However, the moderate albedo and 1 mum absorption of the dark mantle deposit on the southwest margin of the Orientale basin suggest it is a local pyroclastic deposit contaminated with underlying highland materials from the Orientale impact. C1 NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERV,TUCSON,AZ 85726. US GEOL SURVEY,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001. BROWN UNIV,DEPT GEOL SCI,PROVIDENCE,RI 02912. GERMAN AEROSP RES ESTAB,INST PLANETARY EXPLORAT,BERLIN,GERMANY. GERMAN AEROSP RES ESTAB,INST PLANETARY EXPLORAT,OBERPFAFFENHOFEN,GERMANY. RP GREELEY, R (reprint author), ARIZONA STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOL,TEMPE,AZ 85287, USA. RI Murchie, Scott/E-8030-2015 OI Murchie, Scott/0000-0002-1616-8751 NR 83 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD SEP 25 PY 1993 VL 98 IS E9 BP 17183 EP 17205 DI 10.1029/93JE01000 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MA452 UT WOS:A1993MA45200012 ER PT J AU MCEWEN, AS GADDIS, LR NEUKUM, G HOFFMAN, H PIETERS, CM HEAD, JW AF MCEWEN, AS GADDIS, LR NEUKUM, G HOFFMAN, H PIETERS, CM HEAD, JW TI GALILEO OBSERVATIONS OF POST-IMBRIUM LUNAR CRATERS DURING THE 1ST EARTH-MOON FLYBY SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; REFLECTANCE; PLANETS AB Copernican-age craters are among the most conspicuous features seen on the far side and western limb of the Moon in the Galileo multispectral images acquired in December 1990. Among die new morphologic observations of far-side craters are bright rays, continuous ejecta deposits, and dark rings associated with probable impact-melt veneers. These observations suggest that the mapped age assignments of several large far-side craters (Ohm, Robertson, and possibly Lowell and Lenz) need revision. New crater size-frequency measurements on Lunar Orbiter images suggest the following age reassignments: Hausen (170 km diameter), Pythagoras (120 km), and Bullialdus (61 km) from Eratosthenian to Upper Imbrian, and Carpenter (60 km) and Harpalus (39 km) from Copernican to Eratosthenian. Colors and albedos of craters (away from impact-melt veneers) are correlated with their geologic emplacement ages as determined from counts of superposed craters; these age-color relations are used to estimate the emplacement age (time since impact event) for other Copernican-age craters. These age-color relations indicate a probable Copernican age for 27 far-side or western limb craters larger than 10 km diameter that were not previously mapped as Copernican. The apparent deficiency of Copernican craters on the far side compared with the near side in published geologic maps is not present in our data. Age-color trends differ between mare and highland regions and between the interiors and continuous ejecta of the craters. Similar trends are established for color and albedo versus soil-maturity indices for the returned lunar samples, with distinct trends for mare and highland soils. However, the mare versus highland offsets are reversed in the two comparisons. These relations can be explained by variations in regolith thicknesses and rates of mixing with relatively fresh, crystalline ejecta. Therefore, the soil-maturity trends represent longer geologic time periods in regions with thinner regoliths, such as the maria. C1 GERMAN AEROSP RES,INST PLANETARY EXPLORAT,BERLIN,GERMANY. BROWN UNIV,DEPT GEOL SCI,PROVIDENCE,RI 02912. RP MCEWEN, AS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,2255 N GEMINI DR,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001, USA. NR 85 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD SEP 25 PY 1993 VL 98 IS E9 BP 17207 EP 17231 DI 10.1029/93JE01137 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MA452 UT WOS:A1993MA45200013 ER PT J AU MARIELLA, LL GARDNER, AL AF MARIELLA, LL GARDNER, AL TI A NEW SPECIES OF A GIANT THOMASOMYS (MAMMALIA, MURIDAE, SIGMODONTINAE) FROM THE ANDES OF NORTHCENTRAL PERU SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB We describe Thomasomys apeco, new species, from the upper montane forest zone of the eastern slope of the Andes of northcentral Peru (department of San Martin, Rio Abiseo National Park). This impressive mammal is the largest known living thomasomyine rodent, exceeded in size of skull and dentition only by the extinct Megaoryzomys curioi from the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. C1 NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL ECOL RES CTR,BIOL SURV FIELD STN,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP MARIELLA, LL (reprint author), ASOC PERUANA CONSERVAC NAT,PARQUE JOSE DE ACOSTA 187,LIMA 17,PERU. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD SEP 20 PY 1993 VL 106 IS 3 BP 417 EP 428 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA LY971 UT WOS:A1993LY97100001 ER PT J AU JONES, LE HOUGH, SE HELMBERGER, DV AF JONES, LE HOUGH, SE HELMBERGER, DV TI RUPTURE PROCESS OF THE JUNE 28, 1992 BIG BEAR EARTHQUAKE SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LANDER EARTHQUAKE; CALIFORNIA; INVERSION; STRESS AB The June 28, 1992 Big Bear earthquake in southern California was assumed to have ruptured along a northeast-trending plane, as suggested by long-term aftershock distribution. No surface rupture was found, however, and mainshock locations determined from both strong motion and TERRAscope data are mutually consistent and do not lie on the assumed fault plane. An integrated study involving waveform modeling, directivity and seismicity analyses suggests a complex rupture pattern, with significant short- and long-period energy propagating northwest along the presumed conjugate fault-plane. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,PASADENA,CA 91106. RP JONES, LE (reprint author), CALTECH,SEISMOL LAB,252-21,PASADENA,CA 91125, USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 15 PY 1993 VL 20 IS 18 BP 1907 EP 1910 DI 10.1029/93GL02046 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA LX651 UT WOS:A1993LX65100005 ER PT J AU EBERHARTPHILLIPS, D MICHAEL, AJ AF EBERHARTPHILLIPS, D MICHAEL, AJ TI 3-DIMENSIONAL VELOCITY STRUCTURE, SEISMICITY, AND FAULT STRUCTURE IN THE PARKFIELD REGION, CENTRAL CALIFORNIA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; DEFORMATION; EARTHQUAKE; RANGES; ZONE; METAMORPHISM; SUBDUCTION; INVERSION AB This study examines the three-dimensional velocity structure in a 60- by 80-km region containing the Parkfield segment of the San Andreas fault. We use local earthquake and shot P arrival times in an iterative simultaneous inversion for velocity and hypocentral parameters. Using the three-dimensional model, we relocated 5251 events that occurred from 1969 to 1991, as well as the 1966 aftershocks, and computed 664 fault plane solutions. The San Andreas fault (SAF), characterized by a sharp across-fault velocity gradient, is the primary feature in the velocity solution. There is a 5-20% lateral change in velocity over a 4-km width, the contrast being sharper where there is better resolution. The model also shows significant variations in the velocity and in the complexity of the velocity patterns along the SAF. The largest across fault velocity difference is below Middle Mountain, where a large volume of low-velocity material impinges on the SAF from the northeast. This material is inferred to be overpressured and may be key to understanding the unusual behavior in the Parkfield preparation zone. A 20-km-long high-velocity slice is imaged northeast of the SAF near Gold Hill. Its along-fault length corresponds to the length of the maximum slip in 1966. The relocated seismicity shows that the San Andreas fault is a planar vertical fault zone at seismogenic depths. Ninety percent of the fault plane solutions that are on, or near, the SAF were right-lateral strike-slip on subvertical fault planes that parallel the SAF. Thus the surface fault complexities do not appear to extend to depth and therefore do not explain the rupture character at Parkfield. At Parkfield, variations in material properties play a key role in fault segmentation and deformation style. Our observations suggest that there may be a general relation between increasing velocity and increasing ability of the rocks to store strain energy and release it as brittle failure. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP EBERHARTPHILLIPS, D (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,525 S WILSON AVE,PASADENA,CA 91106, USA. RI Michael, Andrew/A-5059-2010 OI Michael, Andrew/0000-0002-2403-5019 NR 72 TC 163 Z9 166 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD SEP 10 PY 1993 VL 98 IS B9 BP 15737 EP 15758 DI 10.1029/93JB01029 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA LW847 UT WOS:A1993LW84700001 ER PT J AU LANGBEIN, J HILL, DP PARKER, TN WILKINSON, SK AF LANGBEIN, J HILL, DP PARKER, TN WILKINSON, SK TI AN EPISODE OF REINFLATION OF THE LONG VALLEY CALDERA, EASTERN CALIFORNIA - 1989-1991 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID 2-COLOR GEODIMETER MEASUREMENTS; EARTHQUAKE SWARM; DEFORMATION; INFLATION AB Following the episodes of inflation of the resurgent dome associated with the May 1980 earthquake sequence (four M 6 earthquakes) and the January 1983 earthquake swarm (two M 5.2 events), 7 years of frequently repeated two-color geodimeter measurements spanning the Long Valley caldera document gradually decreasing extensional strain rates from 5 ppm/yr in mid-1983, when the measurements began, to near zero in mid-1989. The corresponding seismic activity within the caldera persisted at a low rate of fewer than 10 M greater-than-or-equal-to 1.2 earthquakes per week from 1985 through November 1989 with no events exceeding M 3.0. Early October 1989 marked a change in activity when measurements of the two-color geodimeter network showed a significant increase in extensional strain rate (9 ppm/yr) across the caldera. The seismic activity began exceeding 10 M greater-than-or-equal-to 1.2 per week in early December 1989 and rapidly increased to a sustained level of tens of M greater-than-or-equal-to 1.2 per week with bursts having hundreds of events per day. Many events exceeded M 3.0 and the largest event was M almost-equal-to 4. The 1989-1991 inflation episode is the first time that we have sufficient geodetic measurements in Long Valley to define the temporal relation between onset of an inflation episode and onset of brittle failure (earthquake swarm within the caldera). Here, the onset of deformation preceded the onset of increased earthquake activity by more than 2 months. The seismicity rate began to decrease in mid-July 1990, consistent with a gradually slowing of extension across the caldera as measured by the two-color geodimeter. The recent episode of inflation can be modeled by a single Mogi point source located about 7 km beneath the center of the resurgent dome. In contrast, the deformation pattern observed between mid-1983 and mid-1989 is best reproduced by fault slip in the south moat, inflation at 6.5 km depth near Casa Diablo Hot Springs and inflation beneath the resurgent dome. It appears that the 7-km source beneath the resurgent dome that was active for the earlier episodes is the primary source for the more recent episode. The model used to satisfy the line length observations predicts 7.5 cm of uplift along leveling route along highway 395 from mid-1983 to mid-1989 and an additional 11 cm through the end of 1991. To compare with the energy release from seismicity, the modeled inflation from late 1989 through the end of 1991 has a moment that is a factor of 40 more than the cumulative seismic moment from earthquakes located within the caldera from the same period. Thus the recent inflation episode represents a significant portion of the observed geodetic deformation with only little seismic energy release. RP LANGBEIN, J (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MS 977,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 33 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD SEP 10 PY 1993 VL 98 IS B9 BP 15851 EP 15870 DI 10.1029/93JB00558 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA LW847 UT WOS:A1993LW84700009 ER PT J AU SOREY, ML KENNEDY, BM EVANS, WC FARRAR, CD SUEMNICHT, GA AF SOREY, ML KENNEDY, BM EVANS, WC FARRAR, CD SUEMNICHT, GA TI HELIUM ISOTOPE AND GAS-DISCHARGE VARIATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH CRUSTAL UNREST IN LONG VALLEY CALDERA, CALIFORNIA, 1989-1992 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID DEL-RUIZ VOLCANO; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM; NOBLE-GASES; EARTHQUAKE SWARM; RHYOLITIC MAGMA; RATIOS; CARBON; YELLOWSTONE; COLOMBIA; ERUPTION AB The onset of anomalous seismic activity in 1989 beneath Mammoth Mountain on the southwestern rim of the Long Valley caldera, California, was followed within approximately 4 months by a large increase in He-3/He-4 in vapor discharged from a fumarole on the north side of the mountain. The helium isotopic ratio at this vent rose to a maximum of 6.7 R(A) in July 1990 and subsequently declined to values near 5 R(A). Potential sources of the He-3-rich vapors include degassing of fresh magma, degassing from fresh surfaces generated in newly fractured igneous rocks, and volatile release from a He-3-rich ps chamber situated above previously emplaced intrusives. The magnitude of the increase in helium isotopic composition (from 3.8 to 6.7 R(A)), the persistence of relatively high values (>5 R(A)) over a period of 3 years, the increase in the flux of total He relative to gases in air-saturated water, and the increases in the rates of discharge of steam and gas from this fumarole indicate that magmatic intrusion did in fact begin in 1989 beneath Mammoth Mountain. Seismic activity and limited measurements of extensional deformation at the surface suggest that the depth of intrusion may be as shallow as 2 km, consistent with the prompt appearance of increased He-3/He-4 ratios in the fumarolic ps, and that the intrusive process may have persisted for approximately 1 year. In contrast, a similar combination of magmatic intrusion and anomalous seismic activity beneath the resurgent dome-south moat region during the 1989-1991 period resulted in at most relatively small changes in He-3/He-4 in fumarolic discharge at the southern edge of the resurgent dome. The more subdued response may result from a combination of greater intrusive depths and greater dilution of He-3-rich inputs to thermal fluid reservoirs in the shallow hydrothermal system in this area compared with Mammoth Mountain. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720. LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV EARTH SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP SOREY, ML (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS 439,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. RI Evans, William/J-4283-2012 NR 59 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD SEP 10 PY 1993 VL 98 IS B9 BP 15871 EP 15889 DI 10.1029/93JB00703 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA LW847 UT WOS:A1993LW84700010 ER PT J AU DEMING, D AF DEMING, D TI REGIONAL PERMEABILITY ESTIMATES FROM INVESTIGATIONS OF COUPLED HEAT AND GROUNDWATER-FLOW, NORTH SLOPE OF ALASKA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID CANADA SEDIMENTARY BASIN; PINE POINT DEPOSIT; HYDROLOGIC CONSTRAINTS; PLATE-TECTONICS; ILLINOIS BASIN; UNITED-STATES; GREAT-PLAINS; FLUID-FLOW; GENESIS; HYDRODYNAMICS AB Earlier studies of terrestrial heat flow in the North Slope Basin, Alaska, found that heat flow varies systematically in a trend perpendicular to the strike of basin strata and the neighboring Brooks Range. Heat flow (approximately +/-20%) increases from a low of 27 mW/m2 in the foothills of the Brooks Range in the south to a high of 90 mW/m2 on the coastal plain to the north. The thermal pattern can be explained by a regional-scale (approximately 330 km) groundwater flow system which transports heat by advection from regions of high elevation in the Brooks Range and its foothills to lower elevations on the Arctic coastal plain. Permeability data from 2031 core measurements made parallel to bedding and 15 well tests were compiled for 10 geologic units. Arithmetic-mean permeabilities derived from measurements on core samples range from 2.2 x 10(-13) m2 for sandstones of the Endicott Group to 1.1 x 10(-16) m2 for limestones of the Lisburne Group. The arithmetic-mean permeability derived from all 2031 core measurements made parallel to bedding is 6.1 x 10(-14) m2. A numerical model of coupled heat and fluid flow in the North Slope Basin was constructed and a series of model simulations were conducted. A model simulation incorporating permeability data obtained from core measurements resulted in a good match to observed heat flow data, apparently suggesting that permeability in the North Slope Basin does not increase significantly from the core scale (approximately 10(-2) - 10(-10) m) to the basin scale (approximately 10(5) - 10(6) m). This inference, however, is complicated by the possible effects of factors such as sample bias in measurements and choice of an appropriate averaging algorithm. A further series of model simulations were done in which the specified model permeability was homogeneous and anisotropic. Comparisons of heat flow predicted by these simulations with heat flow determined in field studies suggested that the effective basin-scale permeability parallel to bedding (k(x)) is in the range of 2.5 x 10(-14) less-than-or-equal-to k(x) less-than-or-equal-to 2.5 x 10(-13) m2 and permeability perpendicular to bedding (k(z)) is in the range of 1.0 x 10(-16) less-than-or-equal-to k(z) less-than-or-equal-to 5.0 x 10(-16) m2. These constraints depend upon the explicit assumption that groundwater flow is the only mechanism responsible for heat flow variations across the North Slope Basin. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP DEMING, D (reprint author), UNIV OKLAHOMA,SCH GEOL & GEOPHYS,810 SARKEYS ENERGY CTR,100 E BOYD ST,NORMAN,OK 73019, USA. NR 60 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD SEP 10 PY 1993 VL 98 IS B9 BP 16271 EP 16286 DI 10.1029/93JB01427 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA LW847 UT WOS:A1993LW84700036 ER PT J AU VIDALE, JE LAY, T AF VIDALE, JE LAY, T TI PHASE BOUNDARIES AND MANTLE CONVECTION SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95064. RP VIDALE, JE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. RI Vidale, John/H-4965-2011 OI Vidale, John/0000-0002-3658-818X NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 10 PY 1993 VL 261 IS 5127 BP 1401 EP 1402 DI 10.1126/science.261.5127.1401 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA LW549 UT WOS:A1993LW54900020 PM 17745350 ER PT J AU TESKA, JD CIPRIANO, RC AF TESKA, JD CIPRIANO, RC TI NONSELECTIVE NATURE OF COOMASSIE BRILLIANT BLUE AGAR FOR THE PRESUMPTIVE IDENTIFICATION OF AEROMONAS-SALMONICIDA IN CLINICAL SPECIMENS SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Note ID DIFFERENTIATION AB To demonstrate the nonselective and nondifferential nature of Coomassie Brilliant Blue (CBB) agar for the presumptive diagnosis of furunculosis, bacteria isolated from kidney and mucus samples of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush and Atlantic salmon Salmo salar were studied. Three populations of salmonids with enzootic furunculosis were screened for Aeromonas salmonicida. All blue 'A. salmonicida-like' colonies appearing on CBB agar were subcultured and identified by biochemical characterization using standard microbiological methods. Bacterid belonging to one of 4 groups were cultured as blue colonies on CBB agar, including non-Enterobacteriaceae glucose fermenters (3 species), pseudomonads (9 species), nonpseudomonad glucose nonfermenters (6 species), and Gram-positive organisms (3 species). Results indicated that the screening of colonies as potential A. salmonicida can be accelerated using CBB agar, but the medium alone cannot differentiate nor select for A. salmonicida. It is recommended that when CBB agar is used as a primary plating medium, all blue colonies should be subcultured and characterized minimally with triple sugar iron (TSI) agar, cytochrome oxidase, ornithine decarboxylase, motility, and gelatin before an identification is made. Presumptive identification of A. salmonicida using colony color on CBB agar alone was not validated by this study. RP TESKA, JD (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISH HLTH RES LAB,BOX 700,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD SEP 9 PY 1993 VL 16 IS 3 BP 239 EP 242 DI 10.3354/dao016239 PG 4 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA MD620 UT WOS:A1993MD62000010 ER PT J AU BENZ, HM VIDALE, JE AF BENZ, HM VIDALE, JE TI SHARPNESS OF UPPER-MANTLE DISCONTINUITIES DETERMINED FROM HIGH-FREQUENCY REFLECTIONS SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM MG2SIO4-FE2SIO4; TRANSITION ZONE; 520-KM DISCONTINUITY; 670-KM DISCONTINUITY; SPINEL TRANSITIONS; P'P'; OLIVINE; CONSTRAINTS; PRECURSORS; BENEATH AB AN understanding of the nature of seismic discontinuities in the Earth's upper mantle is important for understanding mantle processes: in particular, the amplitude and sharpness of these discontinuities are critical for assessing models of upper-mantle phase changes and chemical layering. So far, seismic studies aimed at determining the thickness and lateral variability of upper-mantle discontinuities have yielded equivocal results, particularly for the discontinuity at 410 km depth1,2. Here we present short-period (0.8-2.0 s) recordings of upper-mantle precursors to the seismic phase P'P' (PKPPKP) from two South American earthquakes recorded by the approximately 700-station short-period array in California. Our results show that the 410- and 660-km discontinuities beneath the Indian Ocean are locally simple and sharp, corresponding to transition zones of 4 km or less. These observations pose problems for mineral physics models3-5, which predict a transitional thickness greater than 6 km for the peridotite to beta-spinel phase transition. In contrast to the results of long-period studies6,7, we observe no short-period arrivals from near 520 km depth. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP BENZ, HM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. RI Vidale, John/H-4965-2011 OI Vidale, John/0000-0002-3658-818X NR 31 TC 146 Z9 151 U1 0 U2 11 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 9 PY 1993 VL 365 IS 6442 BP 147 EP 150 DI 10.1038/365147a0 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA LW442 UT WOS:A1993LW44200044 ER PT J AU HAGSTRUM, JT MARTINEZ, ML YORK, D AF HAGSTRUM, JT MARTINEZ, ML YORK, D TI PALEOMAGNETIC AND AR-40/AR-39 EVIDENCE FOR REMAGNETIZATION OF MESOZOIC OCEANIC ROCKS ON THE VIZCAINO PENINSULA, BAJA-CALIFORNIA-SUR, MEXICO SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NORTHWARD AB Previously published paleomagnetic data for Upper Jurassic pillow lavas of die Vizcaino Peninsula indicate that they were deposited near a paleolatitude of 14-degrees-N or S. Whether or not this result implies northward transport with respect to the continental interior has been controversial due to the lack of reliable Jurassic reference poles for the North American plate. Available paleomagnetic data for nearby Upper Triassic pillow basalts and overlying pelagic sediments at Punta San Hipolito, however, fail a fold test indicating that these rocks were remagnetized post-folding. Indistinguishable in-situ paleomagnetic directions and perturbed Ar-40/Ar-39 age spectra for die Triassic and Jurassic pillow lavas are consistent with resetting of their magnetic and isotopic systems in the middle Cretaceous, probably during burial by the overlap Valle Formation (>10 km thick). Resetting apparently occurred post-deformation so the paleolatitude of remagnetization is unknown. High-coercivity directions from a few samples of the Triassic rocks might represent an older magnetization acquired during deposition at paleolatitudes near 6-degrees-N or S. C1 CTR INVEST CIENT & EDUC SUPER ENSENADA,ENSENADA,BAJA CALIFORNIA,MEXICO. UNIV TORONTO,DEPT PHYS,TORONTO M5S 1A7,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP HAGSTRUM, JT (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MS 937,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 3 PY 1993 VL 20 IS 17 BP 1831 EP 1834 DI 10.1029/93GL02010 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA LW834 UT WOS:A1993LW83400023 ER PT J AU HOLMES, ML JOHNSON, HP AF HOLMES, ML JOHNSON, HP TI UPPER CRUSTAL DENSITIES DERIVED FROM SEA-FLOOR GRAVITY MEASUREMENTS - NORTHERN JUAN-DE-FUCA RIDGE SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC AB A transect of sea floor gravity stations has been analyzed to determine upper crustal densities on the Endeavour segment of the northern Juan de Fuca Ridge. Data were obtained using ALVIN along a corridor perpendicular to the axis of spreading, over crustal ages from 0 to 800,000 years. Calculated elevation factors from the gravity data show an abrupt increase in density with age (distance) for the upper 200 m of crust. This density change is interpreted as a systematic reduction in bulk porosity of the upper crustal section, from 23% for the axial ridge to 10% for the off-axis flanking ridges. The porosity decrease is attributed to the collapse and filling of large-scale voids as the abyssal hills move out of the crustal formation zone. Forward modeling of a plausible density structure for the near-axis region agrees with the observed anomaly data only if the model includes narrow, along-strike, low-density regions adjacent to both inner and outer flanks of the abyssal hills. The required low density zones could be regions of systematic upper crustal fracturing and faulting that were mapped by submersible observers and side-scan sonar images, and whose presence was suggested by the distribution of heat flow data in the same area. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH OCEANOG,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP HOLMES, ML (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,US GEOL SURVEY,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. NR 11 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 3 PY 1993 VL 20 IS 17 BP 1871 EP 1874 DI 10.1029/93GL00909 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA LW834 UT WOS:A1993LW83400033 ER PT J AU VIDALE, JE HOUSTON, H AF VIDALE, JE HOUSTON, H TI THE DEPTH DEPENDENCE OF EARTHQUAKE DURATION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR RUPTURE MECHANISMS SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID SUBDUCTION-ZONE EARTHQUAKES; DEEP-FOCUS EARTHQUAKES; SOURCE PARAMETERS; UPPER-MANTLE; REGION; WAVES AB THE duration of rupture is a fundamental characteristic of earthquakes, and is important for understanding the mechanics of faulting1,2. The complexity of the seismic source and the incoherence of the high-frequency seismic wavefield often inhibit the identification, location and timing of features in the later part of earthquake rupture. Here we sum many teleseismic records from regional seismic arrays, producing an unusually clear depiction of the earthquake source at short periods by suppressing background noise and coda generated near the receivers. The ending, as well as the beginning, of rupture is clearly identifiable for most earthquakes examined. Measurements of 130 large earthquakes show that near 100 km depth, rupture duration averages 11 s when scaled to a moment of 10(26) dyn cm; this decreases to 5.5 s at 650 km depth. Models of faulting suggest that duration should be inversely proportional to the shear-wave velocity and the cube root of stress drop. Thus, to explain the observed twofold decrease in duration with depth, stress drops would have to increase by a factor of four, as shear velocity increases with depth by only about 20%. However, observed stress drops show no strong trend with depth3,4, suggesting that the faulting process changes with depth. C1 UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ,INST TECTON,EARTH SCI BOARD,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95064. RP VIDALE, JE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS 977,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. RI Vidale, John/H-4965-2011 OI Vidale, John/0000-0002-3658-818X NR 22 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 2 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 2 PY 1993 VL 365 IS 6441 BP 45 EP 47 DI 10.1038/365045a0 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA LV646 UT WOS:A1993LV64600049 ER PT J AU GOUGH, LP HERRING, JR AF GOUGH, LP HERRING, JR TI GEOLOGIC RESEARCH IN SUPPORT OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL CONF ON AGRICULTURE AND THE ENVIRONMENT CY NOV 11-14, 1991 CL COLUMBUS, OH ID PHOSPHATE ROCK; CALIFORNIA; SELENIUM; IMAGERY; INDIA AB The importance and role of the geosciences in studies of sustainable agriculture include such traditional research areas as, agromineral resource assessments, the mapping and classification of soils and soil amendments, and the evaluation of landscapes for their vulnerability to physical and chemical degradation. Less traditional areas of study, that are increasing in societal importance because of environmental concerns and research into sustainable systems in general, include regional geochemical studies of plant and animal trace element deficiencies and toxicities, broad-scale water quality investigations, agricultural chemicals and the hydrogeologic interface, and minimally processed and ion-exchange agrominerals. We discuss the importance and future of phosphate in the US and world based on human population growth, projected agromineral demands in general, and the unavailability of new, high-quality agricultural lands. We also present examples of studies that relate geochemistry and the hydrogeologic characteristics of a region to the bioavailability and cycling of trace elements important to sustainable agricultural systems. RP GOUGH, LP (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,MS 973,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 46 IS 1-4 BP 55 EP 68 DI 10.1016/0167-8809(93)90013-F PG 14 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LZ679 UT WOS:A1993LZ67900005 ER PT J AU CZAMANSKE, GK SISSON, TW CAMPBELL, JL TEESDALE, WJ AF CZAMANSKE, GK SISSON, TW CAMPBELL, JL TEESDALE, WJ TI MICRO-PIXE ANALYSIS OF SILICATE REFERENCE-STANDARDS SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID TRACE-ELEMENT ANALYSIS; INDUCED X-RAY; PROTON-MICROPROBE; ION-MICROPROBE; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; ELECTRON-MICROPROBE; ALLENDE METEORITE; FLUID INCLUSIONS; HIGH-PRESSURE; MICROANALYSIS AB The accuracy and precision of the University of Guelph proton microprobe have been evaluated through trace-element analysis of well-characterized silicate glasses and minerals, including BHVO-1 glass, Kakanui augite and hornblende, and ten other natural samples of volcanic glass, amphibole, pyroxene, and garnet. Using the 2.39 wt% Mo in a NIST steel as the standard, excellent precision and agreement between reported and analyzed abundances were obtained for Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, and Nb; all materials were analyzed at least twice by obtaining three to ten individual spot analyses. For BHVO-1 and Kakanui hornblende, the precision of individual point analyses was evaluated by five replicate measurements at a single location. For Kakanui hornblende, the precision of these analyses expressed as relative percent [(standard deviation/mean) x 100] is Fe, < 1; Ni, 10; Zn, 5; Ga, 5; Rb, 12; Sr, 1; Y, 12; Zr, 6; Nb, 4; and Ba, 33. This precision of individual analyses is sufficiently high that studies of trace-element zoning and diffusion are feasible. Count rates were stable for the five replicate measurements, indicating that higher precision could be obtained simply by repeatedly analyzing the same spot. It is our hope that this demonstration of the ease, accuracy, and precision of in situ trace-element analysis by proton microprobe will lead to greater appreciation and application of the micro-PIXE technique by the geologic community. C1 UNIV GUELPH,DEPT PHYS,GUELPH N1G 2W1,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP CZAMANSKE, GK (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 68 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1130 17TH ST NW SUITE 330, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 78 IS 9-10 BP 893 EP 903 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA MC300 UT WOS:A1993MC30000003 ER PT J AU BROWN, NE NAVROTSKY, A NORD, GL BANERJEE, SK AF BROWN, NE NAVROTSKY, A NORD, GL BANERJEE, SK TI HEMATITE-ILMENITE (FE2O3-FETIO3) SOLID-SOLUTIONS - DETERMINATIONS OF FE-TI ORDER FROM MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID SPIN-GLASS SYSTEM; (1-X)FETIO3-XFE2O3; TEMPERATURE; DOMAINS AB The saturation magnetization, M(s)(T), of samples with compositions spanning the ilmenite-hematite solid solution series has been measured at temperatures from 77 to 298 K. These data have been used to extrapolate to the saturation magnetization at 0 K. The saturation magnetization at 0 K is directly related to the distribution of Fe3+, Fe2+, and Ti4+ between the A and B sublattices of the ilmenite structure and can, therefore, be used to determine the order parameter, Q(Ms), for each composition and annealing temperature. Samples with compositions x(ilm) greater-than-or-equal-to 0.5 (x(ilm) = mole fraction ilmenite) have been annealed below the order-disorder transition and above the solvus (Burton and Davidson, 1988) to eliminate twin domain boundaries (TDBs) and prevent the development of compositional modulations. Both types of microstructures have been shown to affect the saturation magnetization ( Nord and Lawson, 1992). For samples with x(ilm) = 0.6, Q(Ms) varies from 0 for samples quenched from 1573 K to 0.66 for samples annealed at 923 K. For samples with x(ilm) = 0.7, Q(Ms) varies from 0.53 for samples quenched from 1573 K to 0.66 for samples annealed at 1073 K. For samples with x(ilm) = 0.85, no variation in Q(Ms) occurs as a function of annealing temperature (Q(Ms) = 0.6). The decreasing variation in Q(Ms) with annealing temperature as compositions become more ilmenite rich may indicate that quenching the high-temperature disordered state becomes more difficult. For ilmenite, there appears to be no significant disorder. This implies that for samples with compositions between x(ilm) = 0.85 and x(ilm) = 1.0, the degree of order must abruptly increase. High coercivities exhibited by samples with compositions x(ilm) = 0.6 and x(ilm) = 0.7 are related to the development of high TDB surface areas and short-range ordering, which result from quenching through the order-disorder transition. With subsequent annealing below the order-disorder transition, coercivities are drastically reduced. This decrease in coercivity is correlated with a significant decrease in TDB surface area. The higher coercivities associated with compositions of x(ilm) = 0.2 and x(ilm) = 0.4 suggest that these samples may also develop some short-range order upon quenching. C1 PRINCETON UNIV,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS SCI,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. NR 37 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 7 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1130 17TH ST NW SUITE 330, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 78 IS 9-10 BP 941 EP 951 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA MC300 UT WOS:A1993MC30000008 ER PT J AU BISSONETTE, JA AF BISSONETTE, JA TI A SIMPLE ALGORITHM TO CALCULATE TOTAL INTERACTION RATE SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Note ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE METHODS; ASCERTAINMENT; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; BEHAVIOR; MODELS RP BISSONETTE, JA (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,COLL NAT RESOURCES,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0003-3472 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 46 IS 3 BP 606 EP 608 DI 10.1006/anbe.1993.1230 PG 3 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA LX549 UT WOS:A1993LX54900020 ER PT J AU THOMAS, JM WELCH, AH LICO, MS HUGHES, JL WHITNEY, R AF THOMAS, JM WELCH, AH LICO, MS HUGHES, JL WHITNEY, R TI RADIONUCLIDES IN-GROUND WATER OF THE CARSON RIVER BASIN, WESTERN NEVADA AND EASTERN CALIFORNIA, USA SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Ground water is the main source of domestic and public supply in the Carson River Basin. Ground water originates as precipitation primarily in the Sierra Nevada in the western part of Carson and Eagle Valleys, and flows down gradient in the direction of the Carson River through Dayton and Churchill Valleys to a terminal sink in the Carson Desert. Because radionuclides dissolved in ground water can pose a threat to human health, the distribution and sources of several naturally occurring radionuclides that contribute to gross-alpha and gross-beta activities in the study area were investigated. Generally, alpha and beta activities and U concentration increase from the up-gradient to down-gradient hydrographic areas of the Carson River Basin, whereas Rn-222 concentration decreases. Both Ra-226 and Ra-228 concentrations are similar throughout the study area. Alpha and beta activities and U concentration commonly exceed 100 pCi/l in the Carson Desert at the distal end of the flow system. Radon-222 commonly exceeds 2,000 pCi/l in the western part of Carson and Eagle Valleys adjacent to the Sierra Nevada. Radium-226 and Ra-228 concentrations are <5 pCi/l. Four ground water samples were analyzed for Po-210 and one sample contained a high concentration of 21 pCi/l. Seven samples were analyzed for Pb-210; six contained <3 pCiA and one contained 12 pCi/l. Thorium-230 was detected at concentrations of 0.15 and 0.20 pCi/l in two of four samples. Alpha-emitting radionuclides in the ground water originated from the dissolution of U-rich granitic rocks in the Sierra Nevada by CO2, oxygenated water. Dissolution of primary minerals, mainly titanite (sphene) in the granitic rocks, releases U to the water. Dissolved U is probably removed from the water by adsorption on Fe- and Mn-oxide coatings on fracture surfaces and fine-grained sediment, by adsorption on organic matter, and by coprecipitation with Fe and Mn oxides. These coated sediments are transported throughout the basin by fluvial processes. Thus, U is transported as dissolved and adsorbed species. A rise in the water table in the Carson Desert because of irrigation has resulted in the oxidation of U-rich organic matter and dissolution of U-bearing coatings on sediments, producing unusually high U concentration in the ground water. Alpha activity in the ground water is almost entirely from the decay of U dissolved in the water. Beta activity in ground water samples is primarily from the decay of K-40 dissolved in the water and ingrowth of U-238 progeny in the sample before analysis. Approximately one-half of the measured beta activity may not be present in ground water in the aquifer, but instead is produced in the sample after collection and before analysis. Potassium-40 is primarily from the dissolution of K-containing minerals, probably K-feldspar and biotite. Radon-222 is primarily from the decay of Ra-226 in the aquifer materials. Radium in the ground water is thought to be mainly from alpha recoil associated with the decay of Th in the aquifer material. Some Ra may be from dissolution (or desorption) of Ra-rich coatings on sediments. RP THOMAS, JM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,333 W NYE LANE,CARSON CITY,NV 89706, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 8 IS 5 BP 447 EP 471 DI 10.1016/0883-2927(93)90075-R PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA LV298 UT WOS:A1993LV29800003 ER PT J AU FOLMAR, LC GARDNER, GR HICKEY, J BONOMELLI, S MOODY, T AF FOLMAR, LC GARDNER, GR HICKEY, J BONOMELLI, S MOODY, T TI SERUM CHEMISTRY AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EVALUATIONS OF BROWN BULLHEADS (AMEIURUS-NEBULOSUS) FROM THE BUFFALO AND NIAGARA RIVERS, NEW-YORK SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOLE PAROPHRYS-VETULUS; ENGLISH SOLE; PUGET-SOUND; LIVER; FISH; FREQUENCIES; CARCINOGENS; WASHINGTON; EXPOSURE; TUMORS AB Cholangiomas and cholangiocarcinomas were observed in brown bullheads (Ameiurus nebulosus) collected from the Buffalo and Niagara Rivers (NY) and Old Woman Creek (OH), USA. Significant increases in serum blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, triglycerides, inorganic phosphate, ALT, LDL, calcium, and iron and a significant decrease in cholesterol were found in the fish from the Buffalo and Niagara Rivers compared to the Old Woman Creek reference area. When relationships between the pathology and serum chemistry measurements were tested by correlation and discriminant function analysis, no predictive relationships were apparent. C1 US EPA,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,CORTLAND,NY 13045. UNIV W FLORIDA,DEPT BIOL,PENSACOLA,FL 32514. RP FOLMAR, LC (reprint author), US EPA,1 SABINE ISL DR,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA. NR 29 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 25 IS 3 BP 298 EP 303 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA LT328 UT WOS:A1993LT32800002 ER PT J AU WINGER, PV LASIER, PJ GEITNER, H AF WINGER, PV LASIER, PJ GEITNER, H TI TOXICITY OF SEDIMENTS AND PORE-WATER FROM BRUNSWICK ESTUARY, GEORGIA SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; MERCURY; AMMONIA; RIVER; FISH; CHEMICALS; STRESS; PCBS AB A chlor-alkali plant in Brunswick, Georgia, USA, discharged >2 kg mercury/d into a tributary of the Turtle River-Brunswick Estuary from 1966 to 197 1. Mercury concentrations in sediments collected in 1989 along the tributary near the chlor-alkali plant ranged from 1 to 27 mug/g (dry weight), with the highest concentrations found in surface (0-8 cm) sediments of subtidal zones in the vicinity of the discharge site. Toxicity screening in 1990 using Microtox(R) bioassays on pore water extracted on site from sediments collected at six stations distributed along the tributary indicated that pore water was highly toxic near the plant discharge. Ten-day toxicity tests on pore water from subsequent sediment samples collected near the plant discharge confirmed high toxicity to Hyalella azteca, and feeding activity was significantly reduced in whole-sediment tests. In addition to mercury in the sediments, other metals (chromium, lead, and zinc) exceeded 50 mug/g, and polychlorobiphenyl (PCB) concentrations ranged from 67 to 95 mug/g. On a molar basis, acid-volatile sulfide concentrations (20-45 mumol/g) in the sediments exceeded the metal concentrations. Because acid-volatile sulfides bind with cationic metals and form metal sulfides, which are generally not bioavailable, toxicities shown by these sediments were attributed to the high concentrations of PCBs and possibly methylmercury. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,FISH & WILDLIFE ENHANCEMENT,CHARLESTON,SC 29412. RP WINGER, PV (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,SCH FOREST RESOURCES,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 30 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 25 IS 3 BP 371 EP 376 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA LT328 UT WOS:A1993LT32800010 ER PT J AU AMSTRUP, SC AF AMSTRUP, SC TI HUMAN DISTURBANCES OF DENNING POLAR BEARS IN ALASKA SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE ALASKA; ANWR; ARCTIC; DENNING; DISTURBANCE; IMPACT; OIL DEVELOPMENT; POLAR BEAR; REPRODUCTION; URSUS-MARITIMUS ID EXPLORATION AB Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) give birth in dens of snow and ice. The altricial neonates cannot leave the den for >2 months post-partum and are potentially vulnerable to disturbances near dens. The coastal plain (1002) area of Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) lies in a region of known polar bear denning and also may contain >9 billion barrels of recoverable oil. Polar bears in dens could be affected in many ways by hydrocarbon development, but neither the distribution of dens nor the sensitivity of bears in dens has been known. I documented the distribution of dens on ANWR between 1981 and 1992 and observed responses of bears in dens to various anthropogenic disturbances. Of 44 dens located by radiotelemetry on the mainland coast of Alaska and Canada, 20 (45%) were on ANWR and 15 (34%) were within the 1002 area. Thus, development of ANWR will increase the potential that denning polar bears are disturbed by human activities. However, perturbations resulting from capture, marking, and radiotracking maternal bears did not affect litter sizes or stature of cubs produced. Likewise, 10 of 12 denned polar bears tolerated exposure to exceptional levels of activity. This tolerance and the fact that investment in the denning effort increases through the winter indicated that spatial and temporal restrictions on developments could prevent the potential for many disruptions of denned bears from being realized. C1 UNIV ALASKA,DEPT BIOL & WILDLIFE,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775. RP AMSTRUP, SC (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ALASKA FISH & WILDLIFE RES CTR,1011 E TUDOR RD,ANCHORAGE,AK 99503, USA. NR 16 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 5 U2 25 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY AB T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD SEP PY 1993 VL 46 IS 3 BP 246 EP 250 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA LZ667 UT WOS:A1993LZ66700008 ER PT J AU STEHN, RA DAU, CP CONANT, B BUTLER, WI AF STEHN, RA DAU, CP CONANT, B BUTLER, WI TI DECLINE OF SPECTACLED EIDERS NESTING IN WESTERN ALASKA SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE ALASKA; DECLINING SPECIES; SOMATERIA-FISCHERI; SPECTACLED EIDER; WATERFOWL; YUKON-KUSKOKWIM DELTA ID SOMATERIA-MOLLISSIMA; COMMON EIDERS; PREDATION; DUCKS; GEESE; SPECTABILIS; SURVIVAL; SUCCESS; WEATHER; DELTA AB Spectacled eider (Somateria fischeri) populations in western Alaska are now less than 4% of the numbers estimated in the early 1970s. In 1992, an estimated 1721 nesting pairs remained on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta. Causes of this rapid and continuing decline of -14% per year are undocumented. Many aspects of spectacled eider biology remain unknown, including their marine foraging habitats, food items, migratory movements, and population ecology. A review of some biological characteristics and possible threats to the species suggests the importance of quantifying potential impacts from parasites and disease, subsistence harvest, predation during brood rearing, and alteration of Bering Sea food resources. Factors causing the population decline of spectacled eiders must be determined and appropriate actions taken to reverse the trend. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,IZEMBEK NATL WILDLIFE REFUGE,COLD BAY,AK 99571. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,MIGRATORY BIRD MANAGEMENT JUNEAU,JUNEAU,AK 99802. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,MIGRATORY BIRD MANAGEMENT ANCHORAGE,ANCHORAGE,AK 99503. RP STEHN, RA (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ALASKA FISH & WILDLIFE RES CTR,1011 E TUDOR RD,ANCHORAGE,AK 99503, USA. NR 77 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 6 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY AB T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD SEP PY 1993 VL 46 IS 3 BP 264 EP 277 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA LZ667 UT WOS:A1993LZ66700011 ER PT J AU MARTIN, TE AF MARTIN, TE TI NEST PREDATION AND NEST SITES - NEW PERSPECTIVES ON OLD PATTERNS SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; CLUTCH-SIZE; PREY COMMUNITIES; PASSERINE BIRDS; HABITAT; COMPETITION; SELECTION; EVOLUTION C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT BIOL SCI,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ARKANSAS COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 NR 57 TC 584 Z9 620 U1 13 U2 130 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD SEP PY 1993 VL 43 IS 8 BP 523 EP 532 DI 10.2307/1311947 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA LU753 UT WOS:A1993LU75300004 ER PT J AU FOSTER, MS JENKINSON, MA ALLEN, A AF FOSTER, MS JENKINSON, MA ALLEN, A TI THE TOOLS OF THE TRADE - LIBRARY ENHANCEMENT IN DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 ALLEN PRESS INC,LAWRENCE,KS 66044. UNIV KANSAS,MUSEUM NAT HIST,LAWRENCE,KS 66045. RP FOSTER, MS (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD SEP PY 1993 VL 43 IS 8 BP 556 EP 563 DI 10.2307/1311950 PG 8 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA LU753 UT WOS:A1993LU75300007 ER PT J AU TODD, TN HATCHER, CO AF TODD, TN HATCHER, CO TI GENETIC-VARIABILITY AND GLACIAL ORIGINS OF YELLOW PERCH (PERCA-FLAVESCENS) IN NORTH-AMERICA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID FLUVIATILIS L; STOCK; LOCI; FISH AB Starch-gel electrophoresis was used to analyze muscle and liver tissue for variation in 13 enzymes representing 31 presumptive loci in yellow perch (Perca flavescens) from 13 localities scattered throughout the natural geographic range of the species in North America. Ten loci were polymorphic, but only three, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-1*), glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI-1*), and phosphoglucomutase (PGM-2*), exhibited polymorphisms at relatively high frequencies across localities. Western populations were fixed for one allele at ADH-1*, eastern populations were fixed for another allele, and populations from intermediate locations in Lake Ontario and Pennsylvania had both alleles. The distributions of alleles at GPI-1* and PGM-2* were similar to that of ADH-1*, exhibiting strong differences between eastern and western populations, although the delineation was not as clear. Western populations were much less variable than eastern populations, and the distribution of alleles indicated that the two groups were derived from Mississippi and Atlantic glacial refugia. Populations near the physiographic discontinuity between the Mississippi and Atlantic drainages in western New York and Pennsylvania exhibited an admixture of typically western and eastern alleles. Such observations are consistent with the mixed faunal history of the region and limited postglacial dispersal of western and eastern populations across the boundary. RP TODD, TN (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR GREAT LAKES,1451 GREEN RD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA. NR 26 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 6 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 50 IS 9 BP 1828 EP 1834 DI 10.1139/f93-205 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA MQ648 UT WOS:A1993MQ64800002 ER PT J AU DEY, WP PECK, TH SMITH, CE KREAMER, GL AF DEY, WP PECK, TH SMITH, CE KREAMER, GL TI EPIZOOLOGY OF HEPATIC NEOPLASIA IN ATLANTIC TOMCOD (MICROGADUS TOMCOD) FROM THE HUDSON RIVER ESTUARY SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SOLE PAROPHRYS-VETULUS; TOXIC-CHEMICALS; NEW-YORK; HEPATOMAS; SEDIMENT; LESIONS; FISH; CONTAMINANTS; TRIBUTARIES; WASHINGTON AB Atlantic tomcod (Microgadus tomcod) collected from the Hudson River estuary during the winter spawning season revealed neoplastic and preneoplastic lesions in livers from 44% of the age 1 individuals and 93% of the age 2 individuals collected. These lesions appear as a continuum ranging from basophilic foci with little cellular alterations to hepatocellular carcinoma frequently involving the entire liver. Lesions were more prevalent in larger individuals within the same age group, suggesting a relationship between growth rate and tumor expression. Atlantic tomcod from a relatively unpolluted estuary in Connecticut did not reveal a comparable prevalence of hepatic lesions. Juvenile tomcod collected from the Hudson during the summer, only 4-5 mo prior to the winter spawning season had no hepatic lesions, suggesting that these lesions form rapidly, coincident with gonadal maturation. Chemical analysis of liver tissue revealed high levels of PCBs (2.5-38.2 mg/kg) and the presence of several pesticides including DDT (and metabolites), chlordane, and dieldrin (<0.1-3.0 mg/kg) and several heavy metals (<0.1-6.5 mg/kg). These results suggest that chemical contamination of the lower estuary nursery areas, coupled with high-temperature stresses of summer, may contribute to the high levels of hepatic lesions observed. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,CTR FISH CULTURAL DEV,BOZEMAN,MT 59715. RP DEY, WP (reprint author), EA ENGN SCI & TECHNOL INC,3 WASHINGTON CTR,NEWBURGH,NY 12550, USA. NR 36 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 50 IS 9 BP 1897 EP 1907 DI 10.1139/f93-212 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA MQ648 UT WOS:A1993MQ64800009 ER PT J AU BODKIN, JL MULCAHY, D LENSINK, CJ AF BODKIN, JL MULCAHY, D LENSINK, CJ TI AGE-SPECIFIC REPRODUCTION IN FEMALE SEA OTTERS (ENHYDRA-LUTRIS) FROM SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA - ANALYSIS OF REPRODUCTIVE TRACTS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; RATIO VARIATION; DEER; CALIFORNIA AB We estimated age at sexual maturity and age-specific reproductive rates by examining carcasses and reproductive tracts from 177 female sea otters (Enhydra lutris). Carcasses were recovered from south-central Alaska, primarily from western Prince William Sound, as a result of the T/V Exxon Valdez oil spill in 1989. We found 65% of our sample to be sexually mature. Sexual maturity was first attained at age 2. The proportion of sexually mature animals increased from 30% at age 2 to 100% at age 5. Annual reproductive rates increased from 22% at age 2 to 78% at age 5 and remained relatively stable (75 - 88%) through to age 15. The sex ratio (female: male) of 49 fetal sea otters was 18:37 and differed significantly from parity. Females younger than 8 tended to produce more female fetuses, while older mothers did not. Our estimates of the reproductive characteristics of female sea otters obtained by examination of reproductive tracts were similar to those reported in the literature based on in situ observations of marked individuals. RP BODKIN, JL (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ALASKA FISH & WILDLIFE RES CTR,1011 E TUDOR RD,ANCHORAGE,AK 99503, USA. NR 36 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 71 IS 9 BP 1811 EP 1815 DI 10.1139/z93-258 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA MC699 UT WOS:A1993MC69900018 ER PT J AU MECH, LD AF MECH, LD TI DETAILS OF A CONFRONTATION BETWEEN 2 WILD WOLVES SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Note AB A confrontation was photographed and videotaped at close range between a wild alpha male wolf (Canis lupus) of known history and an alien adult on Ellesmere Island, Northwest Territories, Canada. For 100-110 seconds the two stood near each other, maneuvered around, and snapped at each other until the alien fled. The alpha and his mate, who suddenly joined the encounter, chased the other wolf for 1.2 km and gave up without inflicting wounds. Discussed are possible reasons why this wolf was not killed, while other alien wolves have been. RP MECH, LD (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708, USA. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 71 IS 9 BP 1900 EP 1903 DI 10.1139/z93-271 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA MC699 UT WOS:A1993MC69900031 ER PT J AU SKAGEN, SK KNOPF, FL AF SKAGEN, SK KNOPF, FL TI TOWARD CONSERVATION OF MIDCONTINENTAL SHOREBIRD MIGRATIONS SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Shorebirds represent a highly diverse group of species, many of which experience tremendous energy demands associated with long-distance migratory flights. Transcontinental migrants are dependent upon dynamic freshwater wetlands for stopover resources essential for replenishment of lipid reserves and completion of migration. Patterns of shorebird migration across midcontinental wetlands were detected from migration reports to American Birds and information provided by U.S Fish and Wildlife Service national wildlife refuges. Patterns in species composition and abundance varied geographically, emphasizing the uniqueness of different regions to migrating shorebirds. Smaller species and neotropical migrants moved primarily across the Great Plains, whereas larger species and North American migrants predominated in assemblages in the intermountain west Shorebirds were broadly dispersed in wetland habitats with dynamic water regimes. Whereas populations of shorebirds in coastal systems appear to concentrate at sites of seasonally predictable and abundant food resources, we propose that transcontinental shorebirds disperse and use wetlands opportunistically. This migration system exemplifies the need for large-scale, coordinated regional management efforts that recognize the dynamic nature of ecosystem processes. RP SKAGEN, SK (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL ECOL RES CTR,FT COLLINS,CO 80525, USA. NR 0 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 3 U2 22 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP 533 EP 541 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1993.07030533.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LZ057 UT WOS:A1993LZ05700013 ER PT J AU BOHOR, BF BETTERTON, WJ KROGH, TE AF BOHOR, BF BETTERTON, WJ KROGH, TE TI IMPACT-SHOCKED ZIRCONS - DISCOVERY OF SHOCK-INDUCED TEXTURES REFLECTING INCREASING DEGREES OF SHOCK METAMORPHISM SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ISOTOPE SYSTEMATICS; WAVE METAMORPHISM; U-PB; TITANITE; CANADA AB Textural effects specifically characteristic of shock metamorphism in zircons from impact environments have not been reported previously. However, planar deformation features (PDF) due to shock metamorphism are well documented in quartz and other mineral grains from these same environments. An etching technique was developed that allows SEM visualization of PDF and other probable shock-induced textural features, such as granular (polycrystalline) texture, in zircons from a variety of impact shock environments. These textural features in shocked zircons from K/T boundary distal ejecta form a series related to increasing degrees of shock that should correlate with proportionate resetting of the U-Pb isotopic system. C1 ROYAL ONTARIO MUSEUM,JACK SATTERLY GEOCHRONOL LAB,TORONTO M5S 2C6,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP BOHOR, BF (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,BOX 25046,MS 972,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 18 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 4 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 119 IS 3 BP 419 EP 424 DI 10.1016/0012-821X(93)90149-4 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MA229 UT WOS:A1993MA22900015 ER PT J AU KROGH, TE KAMO, SL BOHOR, BF AF KROGH, TE KAMO, SL BOHOR, BF TI FINGERPRINTING THE K/T IMPACT SITE AND DETERMINING THE TIME OF IMPACT BY U-PB DATING OF SINGLE SHOCKED ZIRCONS FROM DISTAL EJECTA SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CRETACEOUS-TERTIARY BOUNDARY; ISOTOPE SYSTEMATICS; WAVE METAMORPHISM; CHICXULUB CRATER; RB-SR; AGES AB U-Pb isotopic dating of single 1-3 mug zircons from K/T distal ejecta from a site in the Raton Basin, Colorado provides a powerful new tool with which to determine both the time of the impact event and the age of the basement at the impact site. Data for the least shocked zircons are slightly displaced from the 544 +/- 5 Ma primary age for a component of the target site, while those for highly shocked and granular grains are strongly displaced towards the time of impact at 65.5 +/- 3.0 Ma. Such shocked and granular zircons have never been reported from any source, including explosive volcanic rocks. Zircon is refractory and has one of the highest thermal blocking temperatures; hence, it can record both shock features and primary and secondary ages without modification by post-crystallization processes. Unlike shocked quartz, which can come from almost anywhere on the Earth's crust, shocked zircons can be shown to come from a specific site because basement ages vary on the scale of meters to kilometers. With U-Pb zircon dating, it is now possible to correlate ejecta layers derived from the same target site, test the single versus multiple impact hypothesis, and identify the target source of impact ejecta. The ages obtained in this study indicate that the Manson impact site, Iowa, which has basement rocks that are mid-Proterozoic in age, cannot be the source of K/T distal ejecta. The K/T distal ejecta probably originated from a single impact site because most grains have the same primary age. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. RP KROGH, TE (reprint author), ROYAL ONTARIO MUSEUM,JACK SATTERLY GEOCHRONOL LAB,100 QUEENS PK,TORONTO M5S 2C6,ONTARIO,CANADA. NR 21 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 119 IS 3 BP 425 EP 429 DI 10.1016/0012-821X(93)90150-8 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MA229 UT WOS:A1993MA22900016 ER PT J AU GELLIS, A AF GELLIS, A TI THE EFFECTS OF HURRICANE HUGO ON SUSPENDED-SEDIMENT LOADS, LAGO LOIZA BASIN, PUERTO-RICO SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE HURRICANES; SUSPENDED-SEDIMENT; RESERVOIR; SEDIMENTATION AB Runoff generated from large storm events, such as hurricanes, is expected to transport large quantities of suspended sediment. Observations of suspended-sediment loads transported during Hurricane Hugo in the Lago Loiza (Lake Loiza) basin, Puerto Rico, indicate that loads were lower than expected. In the two main tributaries that enter Lago Loiza, Rio Grande de Loiza and Rio Gurabo, 99 600 tonnes of suspended sediment was transported by 58.2 x 10(6) m3 of runoff in a 48 h period. The storm-average suspended-sediment concentration in the Rio Grande de Loiza for Hurricane Hugo was 2290 mg l-1, the second lowest for the 12 storms that have been monitored at this site. In Rio Gurabo the storm-average suspended-sediment concentration was 1420 mg l-1, the sixth lowest recorded out of 15 monitored storms. In Quebrada Salvatierra, a small tributary to Rio Grande de Loiza, suspended-sediment concentrations were as low as 33 mg l-1 during the peak runoff of 20 m3 s-1. Normally the suspended-sediment concentrations at this discharge are 3000 mg l-1. Hurricane force winds seem to be the most important factor contributing to the lower than expected suspended-sediment loads in the Lago Loiza basin. The high winds caused vegetation and debris to be dislodged and displaced. Debris accumulated on hillslopes and in small channels, blocked bridges and formed debris dams. These dams caused local backwater effects that reduced stream velocities and decreased suspended-sediment loads. RP GELLIS, A (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,4501 INDIAN SCH RD NE,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87110, USA. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROCESSES JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 18 IS 6 BP 505 EP 517 DI 10.1002/esp.3290180604 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA LW722 UT WOS:A1993LW72200003 ER PT J AU ZWENG, PL MORTENSEN, JK DALRYMPLE, GB AF ZWENG, PL MORTENSEN, JK DALRYMPLE, GB TI THERMOCHRONOLOGY OF THE CAMFLO GOLD DEPOSIT, MALARTIC, QUEBEC - IMPLICATIONS FOR MAGMATIC UNDERPLATING AND THE FORMATION OF GOLD-BEARING QUARTZ VEINS SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Article ID ABITIBI GREENSTONE-BELT; U-PB ZIRCON; SR-ISOTOPE SYSTEMATICS; SUPERIOR PROVINCE; TECTONIC HISTORY; THERMAL HISTORY; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ARCHEAN CRUST; PONTIAC SUBPROVINCE; KAPUSKASING UPLIFT AB The dominant ore host at Camflo is a small monzonite pluton cut by main-stage gold-bearing quartz veins containing hydrothermal titanite and K feldspar. Main-stage veins are spatially and temporally related to brittle-ductile faults. Emplaced into most faults are younger transitional-stage quartz-pyrite lodes with sericite-rutile alteration halos. Titanite in main-stage gold quartz veins is replaced by rutile-calcite-quartz where overprinted by transitional-stage sericitic alteration. A U-Pb zircon age from the Camflo monzonite indicates that the stock was emplaced at 2685 +/- 10 Ma. A U-Pb age of 2621 +/- 4 Ma for hydrothermal titanite and a Pb-Pb isochron age of 2621 +/- 7 Ma defined by seven titanite and two K feldspar samples indicate that the gold quartz veins formed approximately 60 m.y. later which precludes a direct genetic link between these two events. Rutile analyses plot below the titanite-feldspar Pb-Pb isochron and so support field and petrographic evidence suggesting rutile did not precipitate from the same fluid that formed the titanite and K feldspar. Incremental heating and total fusion Ar-40-Ar-39 ages of hydrothermal micas related to gold quartz veins and quartz-pyrite lodes are 70 to 170 m.y. younger than the hydrothermal U-Pb ages. In addition, Ar-40-Ar-39 ages of micas on the 1650 level are approximately 10 to 15 m.y. older than like micas on the 3475 level. The younger Ar-40-Ar-39 ages are interpreted as cooling, and not recrystallization or reset, ages. Ar-40-Ar-39 ages indicate cooling rates of approximately 1-degrees-C/m.y. for 2600 to 2550 Ma (rutile-vein muscovite), approximately 0.6-degrees-C/m.y. for 2550 to 2511 Ma (vein muscovite-wall-rock muscovite), and approximately 0.3-degrees-C/m.y. for 2507 to 2452 Ma (large biotite-small biotite). An apparent uplift rate of approximately 0.04 km/m.y. for 2520 to 2478 Ma is calculated by comparing biotite and white mica ages from the 1650 and 3475 levels. The U-Pb and Ar-40-Ar-39 thermochronology is consistent with an accretionary tectonic setting for Camflo during the terminal stages of tectonic construction of the Superior province. A critical feature of this setting is large volumes of mantle-derived basalt underplating the lower crust during peak granulite formation at approximately 2648 to 2640 Ma. CO2-rich fluids liberated by solidification of ponded mafic magma after peak granulite formation interacted with other fluids, magmas, and rock either at their source or during migration in shear zones to upper crustal levels where they deposited significant quantities of gold at Camflo at approximately 2621 Ma. Slow cooling and slow apparent uplift at Camflo ensued for > 150 m. y. after magmatic underplating, resulting in the young Ar-40-Ar-39 cooling ages recorded by hydrothermal minerals. This model is consistent with ages for granulite facies metamorphism in the Kapuskasing structural zone, postpeak metamorphic ages for CO2-H2O fluid inclusions in regional granulite terranes, and geochronological data from other gold deposits and may have widespread implications for the formation of gold deposits in the southern Superior province. C1 GEOL SURVEY CANADA,OTTAWA K1A 0E8,ONTARIO,CANADA. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP ZWENG, PL (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,DEPT APPL EARTH SCI,STANFORD,CA 94305, USA. NR 121 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 4 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI EL PASO PA UNIV TEXAS AT EL PASO ROOM 202 QUINN HALL, EL PASO, TX 79968 SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 88 IS 6 BP 1700 EP 1721 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MD156 UT WOS:A1993MD15600022 ER PT J AU ERWIN, RM HARAMIS, GM KREMENTZ, DG FUNDERBURK, SL AF ERWIN, RM HARAMIS, GM KREMENTZ, DG FUNDERBURK, SL TI RESOURCE PROTECTION FOR WATERBIRDS IN CHESAPEAKE BAY SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE CHESAPEAKE BAY; HABITAT REQUIREMENTS; SCALING; WATERBIRDS ID MANAGEMENT AB Many living resources in the Chesapeake Bay estuary have deteriorated over the past 50 years. As a result, many governmental committees, task forces, and management plans have been established. Most of the recommendations for implementing a bay cleanup focus on reducing sediments and nutrient flow into the watershed. We emphasize that habitat requirements other than water quality are necessary for the recovery of much of the bay's avian wildlife, and we use a waterbird example as illustration. Some of these needs are: (1) protection of fast-eroding islands, or creation of new ones by dredge deposition to improve nesting habitat for American black ducks (Anas rubripes), great blue herons (Ardea herodias), and other associated wading birds; (2) conservation of remaining brackish marshes, especially near riparian areas, for feeding black ducks, wading birds, and wood ducks (Aix sponsa); (3) establishment of sanctuaries in open-water, littoral zones to protect feeding and/or roosting areas for diving ducks such as canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria) and redheads (Aythya americana), and for bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus); and (4) limitation of disturbance by boaters around nesting islands and open-water feeding areas. Land (or water) protection measures for waterbirds need to include units at several different spatial scales, ranging from ''points'' (e.g., a colony site) to large-area resources (e.g., a marsh or tributary for feeding). Planning to conserve large areas of both land and water can be achieved following a biosphere reserve model. Existing interagency committees in the Chesapeake Bay Program could be more effective in developing such a model for wildlife and fisheries resources. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,CHESAPEAKE BAY ESTUARY PROGRAM,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21401. RP ERWIN, RM (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708, USA. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 17 IS 5 BP 613 EP 619 DI 10.1007/BF02393723 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LQ706 UT WOS:A1993LQ70600005 ER PT J AU GUENTHER, PM HUBERT, WA AF GUENTHER, PM HUBERT, WA TI METHOD FOR DETERMINING MINIMUM POOL REQUIREMENTS TO MAINTAIN AND ENHANCE SALMONID FISHERIES IN SMALL WYOMING RESERVOIRS SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE RESERVOIRS; WATER LEVEL; MINIMUM POOL; SALMONIDAE; TROUT; WYOMING ID SEDIMENT AB Methods for determination of minimum pool levels in reservoirs that consider sport fishery values are being sought by managers. We developed a technique for assessing the effects of incremental changes in minimum pool levels on potential salmonid abundance in small (<100 surface hectares at full pool) reservoirs in Wyoming managed for irrigation and municipal water supplies. The method has two components. One component is used to determine the minimum pool level needed to eliminate the risk of overwinter loss of salmonids due to low dissolved oxygen concentrations. The other component predicts the potential biomass of salmonids in reservoirs as a function of water depth and total dissolved solids concentration of the reservoir water. Application of the method is demonstrated for two reservoirs in Wyoming. C1 UNIV WYOMING,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,WYOMING COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,LARAMIE,WY 82071. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 17 IS 5 BP 645 EP 653 DI 10.1007/BF02393726 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LQ706 UT WOS:A1993LQ70600008 ER PT J AU FOSTER, GD GATES, PM FOREMAN, WT MCKENZIE, SW RINELLA, FA AF FOSTER, GD GATES, PM FOREMAN, WT MCKENZIE, SW RINELLA, FA TI DETERMINATION OF DISSOLVED-PHASE PESTICIDES IN SURFACE-WATER FROM THE YAKIMA RIVER BASIN, WASHINGTON, USING THE GOULDEN LARGE-SAMPLE EXTRACTOR AND GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRECONCENTRATION; HYDROCARBONS AB Concentrations of pesticides in the dissolved phase of surface water samples from the Yakima River basin, WA, were determined using preconcentration in the Goulden large-sample extractor (GLSE) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. Sample volumes ranging from 10 to 120 L were processed with the GLSE, and the results from the large-sample analyses were compared to those derived from 1-L continuous liquid-liquid extractions. Few of the 40 target pesticides were detected in 1-L samples, whereas large-sample preconcentration in the GLSE provided detectable levels for many of the target pesticides. The number of pesticides detected in GLSE processed samples was usually directly proportional to sample volume, although the measured concentrations of the pesticides were generally lower at the larger sample volumes for the same water source. The GLSE can be used to provide lower detection levels relative to conventional liquid-liquid extraction in GC/MS analysis of pesticides in samples of surface water. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,NATL WATER QUAL LAB,METHODS RES & DEV PROGRAM,ARVADA,CO 80002. US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,PORTLAND,OR 97216. RP FOSTER, GD (reprint author), GEORGE MASON UNIV,DEPT CHEM,FAIRFAX,VA 22030, USA. NR 21 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 27 IS 9 BP 1911 EP 1917 DI 10.1021/es00046a021 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LW249 UT WOS:A1993LW24900032 ER PT J AU CARLINE, RF JOBSIS, GJ AF CARLINE, RF JOBSIS, GJ TI ASSESSMENT OF AQUATIC ANIMAL COMMUNITIES IN THE VICINITY OF THE PALMERTON, PENNSYLVANIA, ZINC SMELTERS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE SMELTERS; AQUATIC COMMUNITIES; HEAVY METALS ID SUCKER CATOSTOMUS-COMMERSONI; COPPER; CONTAMINATION; CADMIUM; SOIL; LEAD AB Emissions from zinc smelters in Palmerton, Pennsylvania, deposited large quantities of heavy metals, predominantly Zn, Pb, Cu, and Cd, on the surrounding landscape from 1898 to 1980. From 1986 to 1987 we studied four small headwater streams that were about 8 to 25 km downwind of the smelters to determine if long-term deposition of heavy metals had any pronounced effects on aquatic communities. Although metal concentrations in soils tended to decrease with increasing distance from the smelters, this trend was not particularly evident in stream sediments, insects, or fish. Diversities of macroinvertebrates and fish were similar among sites. Densities and growth of trout varied among streams, but not in relation to distance from the smelters. We concluded that long-term deposition of heavy metals has not had pronounced effects on aquatic animal communities six to seven years after cessation of primary smelting. RP CARLINE, RF (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PENN COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,MERKLE BLDG,UNIV PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 12 IS 9 BP 1661 EP 1670 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1993)12[1661:AOAACI]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA LV354 UT WOS:A1993LV35400015 ER PT J AU HEINZ, GH AF HEINZ, GH TI REEXPOSURE OF MALLARDS TO SELENIUM AFTER CHRONIC EXPOSURE SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Note DE MALLARDS; SELENIUM; SELENOMETHIONINE; TOXICITY; REEXPOSURE ID REPRODUCTION AB Adult male mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) were fed a control diet or a diet containing 15 ppm selenium as seleno-D,L-methionine for 21 weeks. After this initial exposure, the mallards were fed untreated food for 12 weeks. then were re-exposed to selenium at 100 ppm for five weeks. During re-exposure to 100 ppm selenium, the birds that had previously been exposed to 15 ppm selenium and those that had not previously been exposed did not differ in percentage of mortality (14.7 and 14.3%), weight loss in survivors (39.3 and 41.2%), selenium concentrations in the livers of survivors (35 and 53 ppm, wet weight), or selenium concentrations in the livers of birds that died (35 and 40 ppm, respectively). When the data from the birds that had previously been exposed to 15 ppm selenium were combined with the data from the birds that had not previously been exposed, selenium concentrations in the livers of birds that had died on the 100-ppm selenium treatment (38 ppm) did not differ from the concentrations in the livers of birds that had survived (43 ppm). RP HEINZ, GH (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708, USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 12 IS 9 BP 1691 EP 1694 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1993)12[1691:ROMTSA]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA LV354 UT WOS:A1993LV35400018 ER PT J AU RATTNER, BA MELANCON, MJ CUSTER, TW HOTHEM, RL KING, KA LECAPTAIN, LJ SPANN, J WOODIN, BR STEGEMAN, JJ AF RATTNER, BA MELANCON, MJ CUSTER, TW HOTHEM, RL KING, KA LECAPTAIN, LJ SPANN, J WOODIN, BR STEGEMAN, JJ TI BIOMONITORING ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION WITH PIPPING BLACK-CROWNED NIGHT HERON EMBRYOS - INDUCTION OF CYTOCHROME-P450 SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE BIOMARKERS; LAKE MICHIGAN; MONOOXYGENASE; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY ID ARYL-HYDROCARBON HYDROXYLASE; FUNCTION OXIDASE ACTIVITY; HERRING GULL EMBRYOS; ORGANOCHLORINE RESIDUES; CHICK-EMBRYO; HEADED GULLS; GREAT-LAKES; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; CROSS-REACTIVITY; O-DEALKYLATION AB Cytochrome P450-associated monooxygenase activities and cytochrome P450 proteins were measured in pipping black-crowned night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) embryos collected from a reference site (next to the Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge, VA) and three polluted sites (Cat Island, Green Bay, Lake Michigan, WI; Bair Island, San Francisco Bay, CA; West Marin Island, San Francisco Bay, CA). In a laboratory study, artificially incubated night heron embryos from the reference site were treated with 3-methylcholanthrene (200 mug administered into the air cell 2 d before pipping) or phenobarbital (2 mg daily for 2 d before pipping). Compared to controls (untreated + vehicle-treated embryos), 3-methylcholanthrene induced a greater than fivefold increase in activities of several monooxygenases (arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase, AHH; benzyloxyresorufin-O-dealkylase, BROD; ethoxyresorufin-0-dealkylase, EROD; pentoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase, PROD) and a greater than 100-fold increase in the concentration of immunodetected cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A). Phenobarbital treatment resulted in only a slight increase in BROD activity but induced proteins recognized by antibodies to cytochrome P450 2B (CYP2B) by 2,000-fold. In a field study, activities of AHH, BROD, EROD, and ethoxycoumarin-0-dealkylase (ECOD) were up to 85-fold higher in pipping black-crowned night herons collected from Cat Island compared to other sites. Hepatic CYPIA and CYP2B cross-reactive proteins were detected in significantly more individuals from Cat Island than from the reference site. Greatest burdens of total PCBs and p, p'-DDE were detected in embryos from Cat Island. Cytochrome P450-associated monooxygenase activities and cytochrome P450 proteins (AHH, BROD, EROD, ECOD, CYPIA, CYP2B) were significantly associated with total PCB burdens (r = 0.50-0.72). These data indicate that cytochrome P450 may be a useful biomarker of exposure to some PCB mixtures in black-crowned night heron embryos. C1 WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. RP RATTNER, BA (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708, USA. OI Custer, Thomas/0000-0003-3170-6519 NR 55 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 8 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 12 IS 9 BP 1719 EP 1732 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1993)12[1719:BECWPB]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA LV354 UT WOS:A1993LV35400021 ER PT J AU KUWABARA, JS BAKER, JE AF KUWABARA, JS BAKER, JE TI TRACE CONTAMINANTS AND NUTRIENTS IN ESTUARIES - THE IMPORTANCE OF PROCESS INTERDEPENDENCE SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CHESAPEAKE BIOL LAB,SOLOMONS,MD 20688. RP KUWABARA, JS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MAIL STOP 465,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. RI Baker, Joel/A-9685-2011; OI Baker, Joel/0000-0002-9980-7781; Kuwabara, James/0000-0003-2502-1601 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD SEP PY 1993 VL 16 IS 3A BP 383 EP 384 DI 10.1007/BF02718285 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA ML720 UT WOS:A1993ML72000001 ER PT J AU SIGLEO, AC SHULTZ, DJ AF SIGLEO, AC SHULTZ, DJ TI AMINO-ACID-COMPOSITION OF SUSPENDED PARTICLES, SEDIMENT-TRAP MATERIAL, AND BENTHIC SEDIMENT IN THE POTOMAC ESTUARY SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Session on Geochemistry of Trace Contaminants and Nutrients, at the 11th International Estuarine Research Conference CY NOV, 1991 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA ID ORGANIC-MATTER; DEEP OCEAN; EARLY DIAGENESIS; VERTICAL FLUX; SARGASSO SEA; PANAMA BASIN; PARTICULATE; SUGARS; HYDROCARBONS; DEGRADATION AB Sediment trap deployments in estuaries provide a method for estimating the amount of organic material transported to the sediments from the euphotic zone. The amino acid composition of suspended particles, benthic sediment, and sediment-trap material collected at 2.4 m, 5.8 m, and 7.9 m depths in the Potomac Estuary was determined in stratified summer waters, and in well mixed oxygenated waters (DO) in late fall. The total vertical flow, or flux, of material into the top traps ranged from 3 g m(-2) d(-1) in August to 4.9 g m(-2) d(-1) in October. The carbon and nitrogen fluxes increased in the deepest traps relative to the surface traps during both sampling periods, along with that of the total material flux (up to 47.3 g m(-2) d(-1) in the deepest trap), although the actual weight percent of organic carbon and organic nitrogen decreased with depth. Amino acid concentrations ranged from 129 mg g(-1) in surface water particulate material to 22 mg g(-1) in particulate material in 9-m-deep waters and in the benthic sediment. Amino acid concentrations from 2.4-m-depth sediment traps averaged 104 +/- 29 mg g(-1) in stratified waters and 164 +/- 81 mg g(-1) in well-mixed waters. The deep trap samples averaged 77.3 +/- 4.8 mg g(-1) amino acids in summer waters and 37 +/- 16 mg g(-1) in oxygenated fall waters. Amino acids comprised 13% to 39% of the organic carbon and 12% to 89% of the organic nitrogen in these samples. Analysis of the flux results suggest that resuspension combined with lateral advection from adjacent slopes can account for up to 27% of the material in the deep traps when the estuary was well-mixed and unstratified. When the estuary was stratified in late summer, the amino acid carbon produced by primary productivity in the euphotic zone decreased by 85% (86% for total organic carbon) at the pycnocline at 6 m depth, leaving up to 15% of the vertical organic flux available for benthic sediment deposition. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. RP SIGLEO, AC (reprint author), US EPA,PACIFIC ECOSYST BRANCH,NEWPORT,OR 97365, USA. NR 39 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD SEP PY 1993 VL 16 IS 3A BP 405 EP 415 DI 10.2307/1352588 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA ML720 UT WOS:A1993ML72000004 ER PT J AU DOMAGALSKI, JL KUIVILA, KM AF DOMAGALSKI, JL KUIVILA, KM TI DISTRIBUTIONS OF PESTICIDES AND ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS BETWEEN WATER AND SUSPENDED SEDIMENT, SAN-FRANCISCO BAY, CALIFORNIA SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Session on Geochemistry of Trace Contaminants and Nutrients, at the 11th International Estuarine Research Conference CY NOV, 1991 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; RIVER; ESTUARINE; TRANSPORT; ORGANOCHLORINES; BEHAVIOR AB Suspended-sediment and water samples were collected from San Francisco Bay in 1991 during low river discharge and after spring rains. All samples were analyzed for organophosphate, carbamate, and organochlorine pesticides; petroleum hydrocarbons; biomarkers; and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. The objectives were to determine the concentrations of these contaminants in water and suspended sediment during two different hydrologic conditions and to determine partition coefficients of the contaminants between water and sediment. Concentrations of hydrophobic contaminants, such as polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, varied with location of sample collection, riverine discharge, and tidal cycle. Concentrations of hydrophobic contaminants in suspended sediments were highest during low river discharge but became diluted as agricultural soils entered the bay after spring rains. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons defined as dissolved in the water column were not detected. The concentrations sorbed on suspended sediments were variable and were dependent on sediment transport patterns in the bay. In contrast, the relatively hydrophilic organophosphate pesticides, such as chlorpyrifos and diazinon, had a more uniform concentration in suspended sediment. These pesticides were detected only after spring rains. Most of the measured diazinon, at least 98% for all samples, was in the dissolved phase. Measured partition coefficients for diazinon generally were uniform, which suggests that suspended-sediment concentrations were close to equilibrium with dissolved concentrations. The concentration of diazinon sorbed to suspended sediments, at any given sampling site, was driven primarily by the more abundant solution concentration. The concentrations of diazinon sorbed to suspended sediments, therefore, were independent of the patterns of sediment movement. RP DOMAGALSKI, JL (reprint author), US DEPT INTERIOR,US GEOL SURVEY,2800 COTTAGE WAY,SACRAMENTO,CA 95825, USA. NR 27 TC 39 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 6 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD SEP PY 1993 VL 16 IS 3A BP 416 EP 426 DI 10.2307/1352589 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA ML720 UT WOS:A1993ML72000005 ER PT J AU NELSON, CH LAMOTHE, PJ AF NELSON, CH LAMOTHE, PJ TI HEAVY-METAL ANOMALIES IN THE TINTO AND ODIEL RIVER AND ESTUARY SYSTEM, SPAIN SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Session on Geochemistry of Trace Contaminants and Nutrients, at the 11th International Estuarine Research Conference CY NOV, 1991 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA ID WATERS; CADIZ; GULF AB The Tinto and Odiel rivers drain 100 km from the Rio Tinto sulphide mining district, and join at a 20 km long estuary entering the Atlantic Ocean. A reconnaissance study of heavy metal anomalies in channel sand and overbank mud of the river and estuary by semi-quantitative emission de-are spectrographic analysis shows the following upstream to downstream ranges in ppm (mu g g(-1)): As 3,000 to <200, Cd 30 to <0.1, Cu 1,500 to 10, Pb 2,000 to <10, Sb 300 to <150, and Zn 3,000 to <200. Organic-rich (1.3-2.6% total organic carbon, TOC), sandy-silty overbank clay has been analyzed to represent suspended load materials. The high content of heavy metals in the overbank clay throughout the river and estuary systems indicates the importance of suspended sediment transport for dispersing heavy metals from natural erosion and anthropogenic mining activities of the sulfide deposit. The organic-poor (0.21-0.37% TOC) river bed sand has been analyzed to represent bedload transport of naturally-occurring sulfide minerals. The sand has high concentrations of metals upstream but these decrease an order of magnitude in the lower estuary. Although heavy metal contamination of estuary mouth beach sand has been diluted to background levels, estuary mud exhibits increased contamination apparently related to finer grain size, higher organic carbon content, precipitation of river-borne dissolved solids, and input of anthropogenic heavy metals from industrial sources. The contaminated estuary mud disperses to the inner shelf mud belt and offshore suspended sediment, which exhibit metal anomalies from natural erosion and mining of upstream Rio Tinto sulphide lode sources (Pb, Cu, Zn) and industrial activities within the estuary (Fe, Cr, Ti). Because heavy metal contamination of Tinto-Odiel river sediment reaches or exceeds the highest levels encountered in other river sediments of Spain and Europe, a detailed analysis of metals in water and suspended sediment throughout the system, and epidemiological analysis of heavy metal effects in humans is appropriate. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,GEOCHEM BRANCH,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP NELSON, CH (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,PACIFIC MARINE GEOL BRANCH,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 35 TC 82 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 8 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD SEP PY 1993 VL 16 IS 3A BP 496 EP 511 DI 10.2307/1352597 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA ML720 UT WOS:A1993ML72000013 ER PT J AU VANGEEN, A LUOMA, SN AF VANGEEN, A LUOMA, SN TI TRACE-METALS (CD, CU, NI, AND ZN) AND NUTRIENTS IN COASTAL WATERS ADJACENT TO SAN-FRANCISCO BAY, CALIFORNIA SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Session on Geochemistry of Trace Contaminants and Nutrients, at the 11th International Estuarine Research Conference CY NOV, 1991 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA ID CONTINENTAL-MARGIN SEDIMENTS; SURFACE WATERS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; DISSOLVED CADMIUM; COPPER; PACIFIC; NICKEL; VARIABILITY; MANGANESE; SEAWATER AB Samples collected in December 1990 and July 1991 show that dissolved Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn distributions in the Gulf of the Farallones are dominated by mixing of two end-members: (1) metal-enriched San Francisco Bay water and (2) offshore California Current water. The range of dissolved metal concentrations observed is 0.2-0.9 nmol kg(-1) for Cd, 1-20 nmol kg(-1) for Cu, 4-16 nmol kg(-1) for Ni, and 0.2-20 nmol kg(-1) for Zn. Effective concentrations in fresh water discharged into San Francisco Bay during 1990-1991 (estimated by extrapolation to zero salinity) are 740-860 mu mol kg(-1) for silicate, 21-44 pmol kg(-1) for phosphate, 10-15 nmol kg(-1) for Cd, 210-450 nmol kg(-1) for Cu, 210-270 nmol kg(-1) for Ni, and 190-390 nmol kg(-1) for Zn. Comparison with effective trace metal and nutrient concentrations for freshwater discharge reported by Flegal et al. (1991) shows that input of these constituents to the northern reaches of San Francisco Bay accounts for only a fraction of the input to Gulf of the Farallones from the estuary system as a whole. The nutrient and trace metal composition of shelf water outside a 30-km radius from the mouth of the estuary closely resembles that of California Current water further offshore. In contrast to coastal waters elsewhere, there is little evidence of Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn input by sediment diagenesis in continental shelf waters of California. RP VANGEEN, A (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MS 465,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 32 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD SEP PY 1993 VL 16 IS 3A BP 559 EP 566 DI 10.2307/1352603 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA ML720 UT WOS:A1993ML72000019 ER PT J AU KUWABARA, JS LUTHER, GW AF KUWABARA, JS LUTHER, GW TI DISSOLVED SULFIDES IN THE OXIC WATER COLUMN OF SAN-FRANCISCO BAY, CALIFORNIA SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Session on Geochemistry of Trace Contaminants and Nutrients, at the 11th International Estuarine Research Conference CY NOV, 1991 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA ID ION ACTIVITY; GROWTH; ZINC; COMPLEXATION; ENVIRONMENTS; SEAWATER; ESTUARY; COPPER; OCEAN AB Trace contaminants enter major estuaries such as San Francisco Bay from a variety of point and nonpoint sources and may then be repartitioned between solid and aqueous phases or altered in chemical speciation. Chemical speciation affects the bioavailability of metals as well as organic ligands to planktonic and benthic organisms, and the partitioning of these solutes between phases. Our previous work in south San Francisco Bay indicated that sulfide complexation with metals may be of particular importance because of the thermodynamic stability of these complexes. Although the water column of the bay is consistently well-oxygenated and typically unstratified with respect to dissolved oxygen, the kinetics of sulfide oxidation could exert at least transient controls on metal speciation. Our initial data on dissolved sulfides in the main channel of both the northern and southern components of the bay consistently indicate submicromolar concentrations (from <1 nM to 162 nM), as one would expect in an oxidizing environment. However, chemical speciation calculations over the range of observed sulfide concentrations indicate that these trace concentrations in the bay water column can markedly affect chemical speciation of ecologically significant trace metals such as cadmium, copper, and zinc. C1 UNIV DELAWARE,COLL MARINE STUDIES,LEWES,DE 19958. RP KUWABARA, JS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MAIL STOP 465,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. RI Luther, III, George/A-6384-2008; OI Luther, III, George/0000-0002-0780-885X; Kuwabara, James/0000-0003-2502-1601 NR 16 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD SEP PY 1993 VL 16 IS 3A BP 567 EP 573 DI 10.2307/1352604 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA ML720 UT WOS:A1993ML72000020 ER PT J AU GREW, ES BELAKOVSKIY, DI FLEET, ME YATES, MG MCGEE, JJ MARQUEZ, N AF GREW, ES BELAKOVSKIY, DI FLEET, ME YATES, MG MCGEE, JJ MARQUEZ, N TI REEDMERGNERITE AND ASSOCIATED MINERALS FROM PERALKALINE PEGMATITE, DARA-I-PIOZ, SOUTHERN TIEN-SHAN, TAJIKISTAN SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MINERALOGY LA English DT Article DE REEDMERGNERITE; PEGMATITE; BORON; TAJIKISTAN ID GEOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS; PHASE-RELATIONS; ION MICROPROBE; MACUSANI GLASS; 200 MPA; X-RAY; BORON; HAPLOGRANITE; TOURMALINE; NABSI3O8 AB Reedmergnerite occurs in pegmatites associated with a Jurassic complex dominated by subalkaline granitoids. It forms aggregates up to several cm across in coarse quartz and microcline, and is extensively embayed by microveinlets of fine-granular quartz containing minor microcline and accessory albite, aegirine, eudialyte, pyrochlore, leucosphenite, leucophanite and zektzerite. The coarse microcline is cut by microveinlets of finer albite and microcline containing accessory hyalotekite and aegirine. Microcline is Or97-99 with 0.02 wt % B2O3; albite is An0-1 with 0.005 wt % B2O3. Aegirine contains 83-98 mole % NaFeSi2O6, less-than-or-equal-to 5 % NaAlSi2O6, less-than-or-equal-to 10% Ca(Mg,Mn)Si2O6 and less-than-or-equal-to 14% Na(Fe2+,Mn)0.5Ti0.5Si2O6. Polylithionite composition is K2Li3.9Al1.6Ti0.24Fe0.1Si4O10F4. Reedmergnerite contains no impurities in amounts exceeding 0.05 wt% oxide. Average electron microprobe analyses of reedmergnerite from Utah (type) and Tajikistan give nearly stoichiometric NaBSi3O8, Whereas individual analyses follow a trend whereby Na + B varies inversely with Si for Si = 2.91-3.07 per formula unit. Reedmergnerite had nearly ideal B-Si order at the 450-500-degrees-C temperatures and P less-than-or-equal-to 2 kbar pressures estimated for the pegmatitic assemblage orthoclase + reedmerperite + quartz. We suggest that this assemblage crystallized from a highly alkaline, sodic residual melt that evolved under conditions whereby B saturation was attained prior to vapor saturation. C1 RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,AE FERSMAN MINERAL MUSEUM,MOSCOW 117071,RUSSIA. UNIV WESTERN ONTARIO,DEPT GEOL,LONDON N6A 5B7,ONTARIO,CANADA. US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092. AEROSP CORP,LOS ANGELES,CA 90009. RP GREW, ES (reprint author), UNIV MAINE,DEPT GEOL SCI,5711 BOARDMAN HALL,ORONO,ME 04469, USA. NR 44 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 6 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGS PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0935-1221 J9 EUR J MINERAL JI Eur. J. Mineral. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 5 IS 5 BP 971 EP 984 PG 14 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA MC683 UT WOS:A1993MC68300018 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, JD WARREN, ML CUMMINGS, KS HARRIS, JL NEVES, RJ AF WILLIAMS, JD WARREN, ML CUMMINGS, KS HARRIS, JL NEVES, RJ TI CONSERVATION STATUS OF FRESH-WATER MUSSELS OF THE UNITED-STATES AND CANADA SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB The American Fisheries Society (AFS) herein provides a list of all native freshwater mussels (families Margaritiferidae and Unionidae) in the United States and Canada. This report also provides state and provincial distributions; a comprehensive review of the conservation status of all taxa; and references on biology, conservation, and distribution of freshwater mussels. The list includes 297 native freshwater mussels, of which 213 taxa (71.7%) are considered endangered, threatened, or of special concern. Twenty-one taxa (7.1%) are listed as endangered but possibly extinct, 77 (20.6%) as endangered but extant, 43 (14.5%) as threatened, 72 (24.2%) as of special concern, 14 (4.7%) as undetermined, and only 70 (23.6%) as currently stable. The primary reasons for the decline of freshwater mussels are habitat destruction from dams, channel modification, siltation, and the introduction of nonindigenous mollusks. The high numbers of imperiled freshwater mussels in the United States and Canada, which harbor the most diverse fauna in the world, portend a trajectory toward an extinction crisis that, if unchecked, will severely impoverish one of our richest components of aquatic biodiversity. RP WILLIAMS, JD (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR,7920 NW 71ST ST,GAINESVILLE,FL 32606, USA. NR 0 TC 531 Z9 559 U1 8 U2 73 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD SEP PY 1993 VL 18 IS 9 BP 6 EP 22 DI 10.1577/1548-8446(1993)018<0006:CSOFMO>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA LV842 UT WOS:A1993LV84200002 ER PT J AU ANOVITZ, LM ESSENE, EJ METZ, GW BOHLEN, SR WESTRUM, EF HEMINGWAY, BS AF ANOVITZ, LM ESSENE, EJ METZ, GW BOHLEN, SR WESTRUM, EF HEMINGWAY, BS TI HEAT-CAPACITY AND PHASE-EQUILIBRIA OF ALMANDINE, FE3AL2SI3O12 SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE; PELITIC ROCKS; GEOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS; MOSSBAUER SPECTRUM; THERMODYNAMIC DATA; MINERAL REACTIONS; SYNTHETIC PYROPE; FAYALITE FE2SIO4; FREE-ENERGY; GARNET AB The heat capacity of a synthetic almandine, Fe3Al2Si3O12, was measured from 6 to 350 K using equilibrium, intermittent-heating quasi-adiabatic calorimetry and from 420 to 1000 K using differential scanning calorimetry. These measurements yield CP298 = 342.80 +/- 1.4 J/mol.K and S298-degrees = 342.60 J/mol.K. Mossbauer characterizations show the almandine to contain less than 2 +/- 1% of the total iron as Fe3+. X-ray diffraction studies of this synthetic almandine yield a = 11.521 +/- 0.001 angstrom and V298-degrees = 115.11 +/- 0.01 cm3/mol, somewhat smaller than previously reported. The low-temperature Cp data indicate a lambda transition at 8.7 K related to an antiferromagnetic-paramagnetic transition with T(N) = 7.5 K. Modeling of the lattice contribution to the total entropy suggests the presence of entropy in excess of that attributable to the effects of lattice vibrations and the magnetic transition. This probably arises from a low-temperature electronic transition (Schottky contribution). Combination of the Cp data with existing thermodynamic and phase equilibrium data on almandine yields DELTAG(f,298)-degrees = -4938.3 kJ/mol and DELTAH(f,298)-degrees = -5261.3 kJ/mol for almandine when calculated from the elements. The equilibrium almandine = hercynite + favalite + quartz limits the upper TIP for almandine and is metastably located at ca. 570-degrees-C at P = 1 bar, with a dP/dT of + 17 bars/degrees-C. This agrees well with reversed experiments on almandine stability when they are corrected for magnetite and hercynite solid-solutions. In f(O2)-T space, almandine oxidizes near QFM by the reactions almandine + O2 = magnetite + sillimanite + quartz and almandine + O2 = hercynite + magnetite + quartz. With suitable correction for reduced activities of solid phases, these equilibria provide useful oxygen barometers for medium- to high-grade metamorphic rocks. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT GEOL SCI,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT CHEM,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. RP ANOVITZ, LM (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT GEOSCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. OI Anovitz, Lawrence/0000-0002-2609-8750 NR 103 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD SEP PY 1993 VL 57 IS 17 BP 4191 EP 4204 DI 10.1016/0016-7037(93)90315-N PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA LY430 UT WOS:A1993LY43000004 ER PT J AU FOURNIER, RO THOMPSON, JM AF FOURNIER, RO THOMPSON, JM TI COMPOSITION OF STEAM IN THE SYSTEM NACL-KCL-H2O-QUARTZ AT 600-DEGREES-C SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article AB In the system NaCl-KCl-H2O, with and without alpha-quartz present, -steam was equilibrated in a large-volume reaction vessel with brine and/or precipitated salt at 600-degrees-C and pressures ranging from about 100 to 0.4 MPa. Episodically, steam was extracted for chemical analysis, accompanied by a decrease in pressure within the reaction vessel. In the absence of precipitated salt, within the analytical uncertainty stoichiometric quantities of Cl and total alkali, metals (Na + K) dissolve in steam coexisting with chloride-rich brine. In contrast, in the presence of precipitated salt (in our experiments halite with some KCl in solid solution), significant excess chloride as associated hydrogen chloride (HCl0) dissolves in steam. The HCl0 is generated by the reaction of steam with solid NaCl(s), producing solid NaOH (s) that diffuses into halite, forming a solid solution. In our quasistatic experiments, compared to dynamic flow-through experiments of others, higher initial ratios of H2O/NaCl have apparently resulted in higher model fractions of NaOH(s) in solid solution in halite. This, in turn, resulted in incrementally higher concentrations of associated NaOH0 dissolved in steam. Addition of quartz to the system NaCl + KCl + H2O resulted in an order of magnitude increase in the concentration of HCl0 dissolved in steam, apparently as a consequence of the formation of sodium disilicate by reaction of silica with NaOH(s). The measured dissolved silica in steam saturated with alkali halides at 600-degrees-C in the pressure range 7-70 MPa agrees nicely with calculated values of the solubility of alpha-quartz obtained using the equation of FOURNIER and POTTER (1982), corrected for dissolved salt by the method of FOURNIER (1983). Na/K ratios in steam at 600-degrees-C tend to be slightly greater than in coexisting brine. When precipitated halite is present, larger mole fractions of NaOH(s) in solid solution in that halite apparently result in even larger Na/K ratios in coexisting steam. Precipitation of more halite as a consequence of repeated depressurization episodes results in decreased Na/K ratios in both the brine and coexisting steam phases, indicating that the lower pressures begin to favor K over Na in the vapor. When steam is in contact with precipitated salts in the absence of brine, the Na/K ratio in the steam is less than that of the bulk composition of the salt-H2O system. RP FOURNIER, RO (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS-910,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 22 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD SEP PY 1993 VL 57 IS 18 BP 4365 EP 4375 DI 10.1016/0016-7037(93)90488-I PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MC192 UT WOS:A1993MC19200002 ER PT J AU DOMACK, EW ISHMAN, S AF DOMACK, EW ISHMAN, S TI OCEANOGRAPHIC AND PHYSIOGRAPHIC CONTROLS ON MODERN SEDIMENTATION WITHIN ANTARCTIC FJORDS SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID BRANSFIELD STRAIT REGION AB Physical oceanographic data and modern surface sediments were collected from eleven fjords along the western side of the Antarctic Peninsula and South Shetland Islands. Surface sediment samples (62) were analyzed for texture and total organic carbon content. The distribution of biogenic and terrigenous facies within the fjords is controlled by bay geometry and oceanographic regime. Climate plays a secondary role but, along with ice drainage basin size, controls the rate of terrigenous supply to the glacial marine environment. Specifically, fjords along the Danco Coast and Palmer Archipelago with a high length to width ratio tend to have bottom sediments that are arenaceous where ice-rafted sediment is released preferentially at the head of the fjord. Biogenic facies are favored where the bay geometry is complex. Where such complexity exists, separate oceanographic regimes develop that lead to separation of terrigenous and biogenic sediments. Processes of interflow (mid- and deep-water turbid cold tongues) and Coriolis deflection produce terrigenous facies along the inner fjord and western edges of a fjord system. Warm outer bay waters tend to develop a stable eddy circulation pattern that favors the productivity of phytoplankton in the surface layers. Outer bays are therefore floored with organic-rich siliceous muds and ice-rafted material. Only in the South Shetland Islands is melt-water input significant enough to generate estuarine circulation within the fjord, but here strong bottom currents result in arenaceous bottom sediments with no biogenic facies. Ice-rafted diamictons are produced proximal to the edges of small tide-water glaciers in the South Shetlands. The facies relationships established in this study provide a strong reference for paleoclimatic studies that utilize downcore measurements of texture and organic carbon. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. RP DOMACK, EW (reprint author), HAMILTON COLL,DEPT GEOL,CLINTON,NY 13323, USA. NR 36 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 7 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 105 IS 9 BP 1175 EP 1189 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(1993)105<1175:OAPCOM>2.3.CO;2 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA LW382 UT WOS:A1993LW38200004 ER PT J AU SALTUS, RW AF SALTUS, RW TI UPPER-CRUSTAL STRUCTURE BENEATH THE COLUMBIA-RIVER-BASALT-GROUP, WASHINGTON - GRAVITY INTERPRETATION CONTROLLED BY BOREHOLE AND SEISMIC STUDIES SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID ANOMALIES; PLATEAU; RANGE; BASIN AB A three-dimensional gravity model based on deep-borehole stratigraphy, densities from borehole gravimetry, and crustal structure from deep seismic and electrical surveys puts limits on sub-basalt crustal structure in the northwest quadrant of the Columbia Plateau, Washington. The gravity model indicates that the Miocene Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) overlies a broad basin filled with sedimentary rocks that reach thicknesses in excess of 5 km; thickest sub-basalt sedimentary rocks are beneath the late Cenozoic Yakima basin. Analysis of residual gravity shows that the Eocene Chiwaukum graben does not continue beneath the CRBG and that sub-basalt sedimentary rocks are not thrust into the cores of the basalt anticlines in the Yakima fold belt. A gravity high that trends north-south in the center of the CRBG is probably caused by a broad basement ridge marked by thinner sedimentary rocks beneath the Columbia River basalts; the western edge of the north-south basement high is traced at the surface by the Hog Ranch-Naneum Ridge. A major crustal feature, the Olympic-Wallowa lineament, is expressed in the gravity field; the lineament crosses the north-south basement high but does not offset it, suggesting that any strike-slip motion on the lineament preceded development of the north-south basement high. An alternative interPretation of the north-south gravity high, based on a previous seismic study, relates it to a high-density structure in the crystalline basement, perhaps associated with a failed continental rift. RP US GEOL SURVEY, DENVER FED CTR, MS 964, DENVER, CO 80225 USA. NR 45 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 105 IS 9 BP 1247 EP 1259 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(1993)105<1247:UCSBTC>2.3.CO;2 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA LW382 UT WOS:A1993LW38200009 ER PT J AU KVENVOLDEN, KA CARLSON, PR THRELKELD, CN WARDEN, A AF KVENVOLDEN, KA CARLSON, PR THRELKELD, CN WARDEN, A TI POSSIBLE CONNECTION BETWEEN 2 ALASKAN CATASTROPHES OCCURRING 25 YR APART (1964 AND 1989) SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VALDEZ OIL-SPILL AB On March 24, 1989, the Exxon Valdez supertanker grounded on Bligh Reef, spilling North Slope crude oil into Prince William Sound, Alaska. Tracking the geochemical fate of this spilled oil has revealed, in addition to weathered products from the spill, minor oil residues on beaches from a distinctly different source. By using carbon isotopic compositions of whole-oil residues as a principal method of identification, we found that the deltaC-13 values of Exxon Valdez oil (one sample) and its residues (eight samples from six islands) average -29.3 +/-0.1 parts per thousand. In contrast, the non-Exxon Valdez residues (15 samples from 12 localities) have an average deltaC-13 value of -23.8 +/- 0.1 parts per thousand. This tight distribution of carbon isotopic values suggests a single event to explain the non-Exxon Valdez residues. This event likely was the Great Alaska Earthquake of March 27, 1964. This quake and the subsequent tsunami destroyed asphalt storage facilities at the old Valdez town site, spilling asphalt (deltaC-13 = -23.6 parts per thousand) into Port Valdez fjord. From there the asphalt apparently advanced south into the sound. Thus, the possible connection between two Alaskan catastrophes, separated by 25 yr, is found in the minor oil-like residues that continue to mark the two events on the beaches of Prince William Sound. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. RP KVENVOLDEN, KA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MS 999,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 15 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD SEP PY 1993 VL 21 IS 9 BP 813 EP 816 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0813:PCBTAC>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA LW412 UT WOS:A1993LW41200011 ER PT J AU GRAUCH, VJS AF GRAUCH, VJS TI LIMITATIONS ON DIGITAL FILTERING OF THE DNAG MAGNETIC DATA SET FOR THE CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ANOMALY MAP AB The magnetic data set compiled for the Decade of North American Geology (DNAG) project presents an important digital data base that can be used to examine the North American crust. The data represent a patchwork from many individual airborne and marine magnetic surveys. However, the portion of data for the conterminous U.S. has problems that limit the resolution and use of the data. Now that the data are available in digital form, it is important to describe the data limitations more specifically than before. The primary problem is caused by datum shifts between individual survey boundaries. In the western U.S., the DNAG data are generally shifted less than 100 nT. In the eastern U.S., the DNAG data may be shifted by as much as 300 nT and contain regionally shifted areas with wavelengths on the order of 800 to 1400 km. The worst case is the artificial low centered over Kentucky and Tennessee produced by a series of datum shifts. A second significant problem is lack of anomaly resolution that arises primarily from using survey data that is too widely spaced compared to the flight heights above magnetic sources. Unfortunately, these are the only data available for much of the U.S. Another problem is produced by the lack of common observation surface between individual pieces of the U.S. DNAG data. The height disparities introduce variations in spatial frequency content that are unrelated to the magnetization of rocks. The spectral effects of datum shifts and the variation of spatial frequency content due to height disparities were estimated for the DNAG data for the conterminous U.S. As a general guideline for digital filtering, the most reliable features in the U.S. DNAG data have wavelengths roughly between 170 and 500 km, or anomaly half-widths between 85 and 250 km. High-quality, large-region magnetic data sets have become increasingly important to meet exploration and scientific objectives. The acquisition of a new national magnetic data set with higher quality at a greater range of wavelengths is clearly in order. The best approach is to refly much of the U.S. with common specifications and reduction procedures. At the very least, magnetic data sets should be remerged digitally using available or newly flown long-distance flight-line data to adjust survey levels. In any case, national coordination is required to produce a consistent, high-quality national magnetic map. RP GRAUCH, VJS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,BOX 25046,MS 964,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD SEP PY 1993 VL 58 IS 9 BP 1281 EP 1296 DI 10.1190/1.1443511 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA LX226 UT WOS:A1993LX22600004 ER PT J AU GREGG, MA CRAWFORD, JA DRUT, MS AF GREGG, MA CRAWFORD, JA DRUT, MS TI SUMMER HABITAT USE AND SELECTION BY FEMALE SAGE GROUSE (CENTROCERCUS-UROPHASIANUS) IN OREGON SO GREAT BASIN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE SAGE GROUSE; CENTROCERCUS UROPHASIANUS; OREGON; FEMALE; BLOODLESS HENS; HABITAT; MOVEMENTS; SUMMER; BROODS; USE; SELECTION AB Cover types and vegetative characteristics (e.g., grasses, forbs, shrubs) used by female Sage Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) during summer were compared with available habitat on hr on study areas in southeastern Oregon. Broodless hens, which constituted 114 of the 125 (91%) radio-marked hens studied, selected big (Artemisia tridentata subspp.) and low sagebrush (A, arbuscula) cover types at both study areas. At Hart Mountain, broodless hens did not select specific vegetative characteristics within cover types. However, at Jackass Creek, forb cover was greater (P = .004) at broodless hen sites than at random locations. Differences in habitat use by broodless hens between study areas were associated with differences in forb availability. Broodless hens used a greater diversity of cover types than hens with broods. Broodless hens gathered in flocks and remained separate from but near hens with broods during early summer. By early July broodless hens moved to meadows while hens with broods remained in upland habitats. RP GREGG, MA (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,BOX 111,LAKEVIEW,OR 97630, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 SN 0017-3614 J9 GREAT BASIN NAT JI Gt. Basin Nat. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 53 IS 3 BP 293 EP 298 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MT819 UT WOS:A1993MT81900007 ER PT J AU REILLY, TE GIBS, J AF REILLY, TE GIBS, J TI EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL HETEROGENEITY ON WATER-QUALITY SAMPLES OBTAINED FROM WELLS SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article AB Factors that affect the mass of chemical constituents entering a well include the distributions of flow rate and chemical concentrations along and near the screened or open section of the well. Assuming a layered porous medium (with each layer being characterized by a uniform hydraulic conductivity and chemical concentration), a knowledge of the flow from each layer along the screened zone and of the chemical concentrations in each layer enables the total mass entering the well to be determined. Analyses of hypothetical systems and a site at Galloway, NJ, provide insight into the temporal variation of water-quality data observed when withdrawing water from screened wells in heterogeneous ground-water systems. The analyses of hypothetical systems quantitatively indicate the cause-and-effect relations that cause temporal variability in water samples obtained from wells. Chemical constituents that have relatively uniform concentrations with depth may not show variations in concentrations in the water discharged from a well after the well is purged (evacuation of standing water in the well casing). However, chemical constituents that do not have uniform concentrations near the screened interval of the well may show variations in concentrations in the well discharge water after purging because of the physics of ground-water flow in the vicinity of the screen. Water-quality samples were obtained through time over a 30 minute period from a site at Galloway, NJ. The water samples were analyzed for aromatic hydrocarbons, and the data for benzene, toluene, and meta + para xylene were evaluated for temporal variations. Samples were taken from seven discrete zones, and the flow-weighted concentrations of benzene, toluene, and meta + para xylene all indicate an increase in concentration over time during pumping. These observed trends in time were reproduced numerically based on the estimated concentration distribution in the aquifer and the flow rates from each zone. The results of the hypothetical numerical experiments and the analysis of the field data both corroborate the impact of physical and chemical heterogeneity in the aquifer on water-quality samples obtained from wells. If temporal variations in concentrations of chemical constituents are observed, they may indicate variability in the ground-water system being sampled, which may give insight into the chemical distributions within the aquifer and provide guidance in the positioning of new sampling devices or wells. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,W TRENTON,NJ 08628. RP REILLY, TE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,431 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. OI Reilly, Thomas/0000-0002-2988-9881 NR 13 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 31 IS 5 BP 805 EP 813 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1993.tb00854.x PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA LW315 UT WOS:A1993LW31500015 ER PT J AU FLORES, RM AF FLORES, RM TI GEOLOGIC AND GEOMORPHIC CONTROLS OF COAL DEVELOPMENT IN SOME TERTIARY ROCKY-MOUNTAIN BASINS, USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POWDER RIVER BASIN; MONTANA; FACIES; PEAT AB Previous investigations have not well defined the controls on the development of minable coals in fluvial environments. This study was undertaken to provide a clearer understanding of these controls, particularly in of the lower Tertiary coal-bearing deposits of the Raton and Powder River basins in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States. In this region, large amounts of coals accumulated in swamps formed in the flow-through fluvial systems that infilled these intermontane basins. Extrabasinal and intrabasinal tectonism partly controlled the stratigraphic and facies distributions of minable coal deposits. The regional accumulation of coals was favored by the rapid basin subsidence coupled with minimal uplift of the source area. During these events, coals developed in swamps associated with anastomosed and meandering fluvial systems and alluvial fans. The extensive and high rate of sediment input from these fluvial systems promoted the formation of ombrotrophic, raised swamps, which produced low ash and anomalously thick coals. The petrology and palynology of these coals, and the paleobotany of the associated sediments, suggest that ombrotrophic, raised swamps were common in the Powder River Basin, where the climate during the early Tertiary was paratropical. The paleocecology of these swamps is identical to that of the modern ombrotrophic, raised swamps of the Baram and Mahakam Rivers of Borneo. RP FLORES, RM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,MS 972,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 23 IS 1-4 BP 43 EP 73 DI 10.1016/0166-5162(93)90043-A PG 31 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA LX248 UT WOS:A1993LX24800003 ER PT J AU THOMAS, RE KHAN, MR KHAN, SA AF THOMAS, RE KHAN, MR KHAN, SA TI COAL RESOURCES OF THE SONDA COAL FIELD, SINDH PROVINCE, PAKISTAN SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Approximately 4.7 billion t of original coal resources, ranging from lignite A to subbituminous C in rank, are estimated to be present in the Sonda coal field. These resources occur in 10 coal zones in the Bara Formation of Paleocene age. The Bara Formation does not out crop in the area covered by this report. Thin discontinuous coal beds also occur in the Sonhari Member of the Laki Formation, of Paleocene and Eocene age, but they are unimportant as a resource of the Sonda coal field. The coal resource assessment was based un 56 exploratory drill holes that were completed in the Sonda field between April 1986 and February 1988. The Sonda coal field is split into two, roughly equal, areas by the southwestward flowing Indus River, a major barrier to the logistics of communications between the two halves. As a result the two halves, called the Sonda East and Sonda West areas, were evaluated at different times by slightly different techniques; but, because the geology is consistent between the two areas, the results of both evaluations have been summarized in this report. The resource estimates for the Sonda East area, approximately 1,700 million t, were based on the thickest coal bed in each zone at each drill hole. This method gives a conservative estimate of the total amount of coal in the Sonda East area. The resource estimates for the Sonda West area, approximately 3,000 million t, were based on cumulative coal bed thicknesses within each coal zone, resulting in a more liberal estimate. In both cases, minimum parameters for qualifying coal were a thickness of 30 cm or greater and no more than 50% ash; partings thicker than 1 cm were excluded. The three most important coal zones in the Sonda field are the Inayatabad, the Middle Sonda and the Lower Sonda. Together, these three coal zones contain 50% of the total resources. Isopachs were constructed for the thickest coal beds in these three coal zones and indicate large variations in thickness over relatively small distances. Coal beds in the Sonda coal field were difficult to correlate because of poor core recovery in some intervals and abrupt lateral thinning and thickening. Most coal zones are separated by 5-10 m of interburden, although in some places the interburden between zones is over 100 m thick. More closely spaced drill holes should clarify and significantly improve coal zone correlations in the Bara Formation. Coal resources in the Sonda coal field were calculated for three reliability categories; measured, indicated, and inferred. The most reliable estimates are those for the measured category. Measured coal resources are approximately 91 million t, or about 2% of the total resource; indicated resources are 681 million t, or about 14% of the total; and inferred resources, the least reliable resource category, are 3,931 million t, or 84% of the total resources. The distribution of resources by reliability category is due to the relatively wide spacing (approximately 5 km) between core holes. Analyses of 90 coal samples, on an as-received basis, indicate average ash and sulfur contents of 13.7% and 3.6%, respectively, and a range in rank from lignite A to subbituminous C. Calorific values for these samples range from 6,000 to 8,000 Btu/lb (1 Btu=1055J; 1 lb=0.4536 kg). C1 GEOL SURVEY PAKISTAN,KARACHI,PAKISTAN. RP THOMAS, RE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR,COAL GEOL BRANCH,MS956,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 23 IS 1-4 BP 159 EP & DI 10.1016/0166-5162(93)90047-E PG 0 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA LX248 UT WOS:A1993LX24800007 ER PT J AU KUNIANSKY, EL LOWTHER, RA AF KUNIANSKY, EL LOWTHER, RA TI FINITE-ELEMENT MESH GENERATION FROM MAPPABLE FEATURES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB A vector-based geographical information system (GIS) is used to generate a variably-sized triangular element finite-element mesh from mappable features. Important digitally-mapped features are automatically linked to nodes in the finite-element model, ensuring an efficient, virtually error-free alternative to the tedious process of mesh design and data-input preparation by other methods. The procedure permits the user to work interactively with graphically-displayed hydrologic information about the study area allowing different mesh sizes to be used as needed, based on hydrologic complexity. The mesh-generation programs are stand-alone macros within the GIS that set up the basic data defining a finite-element mesh for many different finite-element model programs, RP KUNIANSKY, EL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,8011 CAMERON RD,AUSTIN,TX 78754, USA. OI Kuniansky, Eve/0000-0002-5581-0225 NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0269-3798 J9 INT J GEOGR INF SYST JI Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Syst. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 7 IS 5 BP 395 EP 405 DI 10.1080/02693799308901970 PG 11 WC Geography; Information Science & Library Science SC Geography; Information Science & Library Science GA ML531 UT WOS:A1993ML53100001 ER PT J AU JEFFREY, JJ FANCY, SG LINDSEY, GD BANKO, PC PRATT, TK JACOBI, JD AF JEFFREY, JJ FANCY, SG LINDSEY, GD BANKO, PC PRATT, TK JACOBI, JD TI SEX AND AGE IDENTIFICATION OF PALILA SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PASSERINE BIRDS; BAILLEUI AB Methods to sex and age Palila (Loxioides bailleui), an endangered Hawaiian finch restricted to subalpine woodlands on Hawai'i, were identified on the basis of measurements and plumage characteristics of 17 museum specimens and 96 known-age, live Palila. Palila undergo a single annual molt during September-December following the breeding season. Presence of a complete or partial wingbar distinguishes hatch-year and second-year Palila from after-second-year birds. Adult male Palila are distinguished from females by a distinct napeline and <30% gray feathers intermixed with yellow feathers on the head. The black or gray feathers of the lores and chin of males are darker than those on the back, whereas the lores and chin of females are lighter or of the same shade as back feathers. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,HAWAII RES GRP,HAWAII NATL PK,HI 96718. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASSOC FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS PI BELOIT PA BELOIT COLLEGE, DEPT BIOLOGY, 700 COLLEGE ST, BELOIT, WI 53511 SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD FAL PY 1993 VL 64 IS 4 BP 490 EP 499 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA MZ238 UT WOS:A1993MZ23800012 ER PT J AU MARTIN, TE GEUPEL, GR AF MARTIN, TE GEUPEL, GR TI NEST-MONITORING PLOTS - METHODS FOR LOCATING NESTS AND MONITORING SUCCESS SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARENTAL CARE; INCUBATION; PREDATION; SPARROWS; BIRDS; SIZE AB Attention to long-term declines in populations of Neotropical migratory birds has generated increased interest in how to monitor and manage them. Measurement of nesting success provides information on trends in recruitment, and measurement of vegetation associated with nests may identify habitat influences on breeding productivity. Examination of nests also allows collection of life history data (e.g., clutch size, numbers of broods, numbers of nesting attempts, nesting success), which provide important insight into vulnerability of species to decimation or pertubations. Comparisons of nesting success and habitat use across the geographic range of a species can determine local habitat effects on population recruitment and historical constraints on habitat use and species distributions. In this paper, standardized methods and cues are described that aid in locating and monitoring nests to allow comparisons across studies in space and time. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ARKANSAS COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. POINT REYES BIRD OBSERV,STINSON BEACH,CA 94924. RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 NR 48 TC 419 Z9 445 U1 7 U2 57 PU ASSOC FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS PI BELOIT PA BELOIT COLLEGE, DEPT BIOLOGY, 700 COLLEGE ST, BELOIT, WI 53511 SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD FAL PY 1993 VL 64 IS 4 BP 507 EP 519 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA MZ238 UT WOS:A1993MZ23800014 ER PT J AU TUCKER, JK THEILING, CH BLODGETT, KD THIEL, PA AF TUCKER, JK THEILING, CH BLODGETT, KD THIEL, PA TI INITIAL OCCURRENCES OF ZEBRA MUSSELS (DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA) ON FRESH-WATER MUSSELS (FAMILY UNIONIDAE) IN THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER SYSTEM SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GREAT-LAKES; BIVALVES AB The exotic zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) was found attached to native freshwater mussels (Unionidae) in La Grange, Peoria, and Alton Pools of the Illinois River and Pools 4, 13, and 26 of the Mississippi River. From 1% to 27% of native bivalves collected within these pools in 1992 had one or more zebra mussels attached with the highest densities of zebra mussels found in the Illinois River. At one site in the Alton Pool of the Illinois River, 27% of native mussels had a mean of 2.2 zebra mussels attached., Densities were lower in the Mississippi River sites, ranging from 1% to 12%, with the highest density occurring below the confluence of the Illinois and Mississippi Rivers. Of the 25 native species collected, nine had zebra mussels attached. In the Alton Pool of the Illinois River, Amblema plicata longer than 82 mm had more zebra mussels upon them than A. plicata smaller than 82 mm. The large numbers of young-of-the-year zebra mussels found in the Illinois and Mississippi Rivers indicate D. polymorpha is reproducing and possibly posing a threat to unionid populations in both rivers. C1 ILLINOIS NAT HIST SURVEY,FORBES BIOL STN,RIVER RES LAB,HAVANA,IL 62644. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,FISHERIES RESOURCES OFF,WINONA,MN 55987. RP TUCKER, JK (reprint author), ILLINOIS NAT HIST SURVEY,LONG TERM RESOURCE MONITORING PROGRAM,POOL 26,POB 368,W ALTON,MO 63386, USA. NR 10 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 3 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 8 IS 3 BP 245 EP 251 DI 10.1080/02705060.1993.9664860 PG 7 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA LZ344 UT WOS:A1993LZ34400007 ER PT J AU LOVE, J SAVINO, JF AF LOVE, J SAVINO, JF TI CRAYFISH (ORCONECTES-VIRILIS) PREDATION ON ZEBRA MUSSELS (DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA) SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FOOD; RUSTICUS; IMPACT AB In laboratory studies, we quantified predation rates and handling time of crayfish (Orconectes virilis) on zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) and rainbow trout (Orconectes mykiss) eggs. In single prey species tests, crayfish ate zebra mussels at similar rates as they ate rainbow trout eggs. When both prey were present, crayfish preferred rainbow trout eggs. Handling time of mussels was about twice that of rainbow trout eggs, and energetic content of mussels was lower. Therefore, net benefit for foraging on rainbow trout eggs was about three times that of foraging on zebra mussels. RP SAVINO, JF (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR GREAT LAKES,1451 GREEN RD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA. NR 22 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 8 IS 3 BP 253 EP 259 DI 10.1080/02705060.1993.9664861 PG 7 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA LZ344 UT WOS:A1993LZ34400008 ER PT J AU JENNINGS, CA WILSON, DM AF JENNINGS, CA WILSON, DM TI SPAWNING ACTIVITY OF PADDLEFISH (POLYODON-SPATHULA) IN THE LOWER BLACK RIVER, WISCONSIN SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Note AB We present indirect evidence of successful paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) reproduction in 1989 and 1991 in the lower Black River, Wisconsin, about 5 km upstream of the confluence with the upper Mississippi River. This is the first indication of successful reproduction by paddlefish at the northern end of its range in the central United States. Attempts to document paddlefish Polyodon spathula reproduction by sampling eggs and larvae began in the early 1900s (e.g., Stockard 1907), but the exact timing and location of fish spawning were unknown until the early 1960s. Actual spawning by paddlefish was first observed over gravel bars in the Osage River, Missouri, by Purkett (1961), who then collected eggs and larvae. Paddlefish eggs and larvae have since been collected below dams on the Missouri (Ruelle and Hudson 1977, Unkenholz 1982), Cumberland, and Tennessee Rivers (Pasch et al. 1980, Wallus 1986). However, the spawning areas for most paddlefish populations remain unknown. Because larval paddlefish are rarely sampled, the presence of post-larval and juvenile paddlefish is often interpreted as indirect evidence of successful reproduction. Such evidence has been used in Illinois (Adams 1942), Oklahoma (Houser and Bross 1959), the Missouri River along the Nebraska-South Dakota border (Ruelle and Hudson 1977), Pool 13 of the upper Mississippi River (Gengerke 1978), and Louisiana (Reed et al. 1992) to document successful paddlefish reproduction. We gathered similar evidence from the lower Black River, near La Crosse, Wisconsin. This information is important because Wisconsin represents the northern limit for paddlefish in the central United States (Gengerke 1986) and because attempts to document reproduction by the few remaining localized populations in the state have been unsuccessful (Lyons, In press). Additionally, paddlefish are of special concern in Wisconsin because of low numbers and limited distribution (Johnson 1987). During November 1990, we observed a small paddlefish (about 700 mm total length, TL) in the catch of commercial seine fishermen working in the lower Black River (about 5 km upstream from its confluence with the Mississippi River). On April 15, 1992, commercial fishermen working the same section of the Black River found five small paddlefish (<350 mm TL) in their catch. Additionally, three small paddlefish (about 800 mm TL) were taken on December 28, 1992, during commercial seining operations in the lower Black River. In Pool 13 of the upper Mississippi River, age-I paddlefish averaged 498 mm fork length (Gengerke 1978), and the growth of paddlefish is faster in backwaters than in the main channel (Rosen 1976, Russell 1986). Therefore, we think that the three 800-mm paddlefish taken on December 28, 1992 were age-1 fish that hatched during spring 1991 near the Lake Onalaska spillway on the lower Black River. We also think that the 700-mm paddlefish observed in November 1990 was an age-1 fish that had hatched in the same area during spring 1989. The presence of age-1 paddlefish in the lower Black River represents indirect evidence of successful reproduction somewhere in the upper Mississippi River, probably in the area where they were found. Paddlefish in the upper Mississippi River make random within-pool movements and occasionally make inter-pool movements (Southall and Hubert 1984, Moen 1989). However, many seem to establish home ranges (Southall and Hubert 1984) and to exhibit strong homing tendencies despite frequent excursions away from the home area (Southall and Hubert 1982, Moen 1989). The paddlefish we observed were in an area immediately downstream of the Lake Onalaska spillway. Because paddlefish spawn at the base of dams (e.g., Wallus 1986), we think these fish did not come from another pool, but hatched near the Lake Onalaska spillway, found suitable habitat in the immediate area, and stayed. The acceptance of these fish as indirect evidence of successful paddlefish reproduction in the lower Black River supports the existence of a self-sustaining paddlefish population at the northern edge of the species' range. RP JENNINGS, CA (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR,POB 818,LA CROSSE,WI 54602, USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 8 IS 3 BP 261 EP 262 DI 10.1080/02705060.1993.9664862 PG 2 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA LZ344 UT WOS:A1993LZ34400009 ER PT J AU EASTON, RS ORTH, DJ BURKHEAD, NM AF EASTON, RS ORTH, DJ BURKHEAD, NM TI THE 1ST COLLECTION OF RUDD, SCARDINIUS-ERYTHROPHTHALMUS (CYPRINIDAE), IN THE NEW RIVER, WEST-VIRGINIA SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Note AB We collected the first rudd, Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Cyprinidae), from the New (Kanawha) River drainage, West Virginia. The rudd has now been reported from 12 states (Arkansas, Kansas, Illinois, Massachusetts, Maine, Missouri, New York, Oklahoma, Virginia, Wisconsin, and West Virginia) and several major river systems. The rapid spread of the rudd has apparently been facilitated by bait dealers. Despite its widespread distribution, there have been no investigations of potential interactions with native aquatic fauna. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR,GAINESVILLE,FL 32606. RP EASTON, RS (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE SCENCES,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 8 IS 3 BP 263 EP 264 DI 10.1080/02705060.1993.9664863 PG 2 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA LZ344 UT WOS:A1993LZ34400010 ER PT J AU GREEN, AW WORTHINGTON, EW BARANSKY, LN FEDOROV, EN KURNEVA, NA PILIPENKO, VA SHVETZOV, DN BEKTEMIROV, AA PHILIPOV, GV AF GREEN, AW WORTHINGTON, EW BARANSKY, LN FEDOROV, EN KURNEVA, NA PILIPENKO, VA SHVETZOV, DN BEKTEMIROV, AA PHILIPOV, GV TI ALFVEN FIELD LINE RESONANCES AT LOW LATITUDES (L = 1.5) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GEOMAGNETIC-PULSATIONS; GRADIENT MEASUREMENTS; MAGNETIC PULSATIONS; MAGNETOSPHERE; IONOSPHERE; FREQUENCIES; PERIOD AB The nature of the spatial structure of resonant ULF waves at low latitudes has been studied as part of a joint project between the U.S. Geological Survey, the Institute of Physics of the Earth, Moscow, and the Kyrgyzian Institute of Seismology. Gradient analysis of data taken at a meridional array of three stations in Soviet Central Asia showed that Alfven field line resonances, in the Pc 3 bandwidth, do exist at L = 1.5. Resonant frequencies of 66-84 mHz (12-15 s) were measured. Resonance width and the radial gradient of Alfven frequency were determined from our experimental data. When compared with previous published determinations of the resonance width, the resonance width is observed to increase at lower latitudes. This is the result of an increase in ionospheric damping at lower latitudes. Ionospheric damping significantly effects both resonant frequencies and resonance widths. Initial analysis of the data showed that effects of geologic inhomogeneities between two stations can obscure resonant effects that are observed in ground-based magnetometer data. A method was developed to address these geologic effects so that the response of the resonator can be seen in both amplitude and phase calculations. The cross-phase spectrum was determined to be the most useful technique to identify the resonant frequency of the field line between two ground stations. The diurnal behavior of resonant frequency was examined using a cross-phase analysis technique and is shown to agree with theoretical predictions at low latitudes. We can conclude that diurnal variations in resonant frequency are mainly due to diurnal changes in plasma density along the oscillating field line. C1 MOSCOW PHYS EARTH INST,MOSCOW 123810,RUSSIA. KYRGYZIAN ACAD SCI,INST SEISMOL,BISHKEK 720060,KYRGYZSTAN. RP GREEN, AW (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,BOX 25046,MS 968,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 27 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 1993 VL 98 IS A9 BP 15693 EP 15699 DI 10.1029/93JA00644 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA LW353 UT WOS:A1993LW35300055 ER PT J AU JENNINGS, RD SCOTT, NJ AF JENNINGS, RD SCOTT, NJ TI ECOLOGICALLY CORRELATED MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION IN TADPOLES OF THE LEOPARD FROG, RANA-CHIRICAHUENSIS SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PIPIENS COMPLEX; LARVAE AB Interspecific differences in tadpole morphology among leopard frogs of the Rana pipiens complex may represent adaptations to larval habitats. We documented variation in tadpole morphology among populations of R. chiricahuensis and compared intraspecific patterns of variation to those among species. Traits that exhibit similar patterns of variation in intraspecific and interspecific comparisons may represent adaptations to different larval habitats. Tadpoles of R. chiricahuensis found in streams have more contrasting melanic patterns on the tail, thicker dorsal fins, and somewhat larger tail muscles than those from ponds. Unexpected differences between tadpoles from two stream habitats might represent nonadaptive morphological variation. Alternatively, such differences may represent different morphological responses to similar selection pressures, to subtly different aquatic habitats (different selective regimes), or different developmental responses to different environmental cues. Parallels in variation for some morphological traits within and among tadpoles of leopard frog species support, but do not demonstrate, the contention that those morphological differences represent adaptations to larval habitats. C1 UNIV NEW MEXICO,MUSEUM SOUTHWESTERN BIOL,DEPT BIOL,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. UNIV NEW MEXICO,MUSEUM SOUTHWESTERN BIOL,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL ECOL RES CTR,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. NR 26 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC STUD AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI OXFORD PA DEPT OF ZOOLOGY MIAMI UNIV, OXFORD, OH 45056 SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 27 IS 3 BP 285 EP 293 DI 10.2307/1565149 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA MB997 UT WOS:A1993MB99700008 ER PT J AU MARINCOVICH, L AF MARINCOVICH, L TI DANIAN MOLLUSKS FROM THE PRINCE CREEK FORMATION, NORTHERN ALASKA, AND IMPLICATIONS FOR ARCTIC-OCEAN PALEOGEOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Review ID EUREKA SOUND GROUP; ELLESMERE-ISLAND; EARLY TERTIARY; SLOPE; BIVALVIA; MAMMALS; POINT AB The marine molluscan fauna of the Prince Creek Formation near Ocean Point, northern Alaska, is of Danian age. It is the only diverse and abundant Danian molluscan fauna known from the Arctic Ocean realm, and is the first evidence for an indigenous Paleocene shallow-water biota within a discrete Arctic Ocean Basin faunal province. A high percentage of endemic species, and two endemic genera, emphasize the degree to which the Arctic Ocean was geographically isolated from the world ocean during the earliest Tertiary. Many of the well-preserved Ocean Point mollusks, however, also occur in Danian faunas of the North American Western Interior, the Canadian Arctic Islands, Svalbard, and northwestern Europe, and are the basis for relating this Arctic Ocean fauna to that of the Danian world ocean. The Arctic Ocean was a Danian refugium for some genera that became extinct elsewhere during the Jurassic and Cretaceous. At the same time, this nearly landlocked ocean fostered the evolution of new taxa that later in the Paleogene migrated into the world ocean by way of the northeastern Atlantic. The first Cenozoic occurrences are reported for the bivalves Integricardium (Integricardium), Oxytoma (Hypoxytoma), Placunopsis, Tancredia (Tancredia), and Tellinimera, and the oldest Cenozoic records given for the bivalves Gari (Garum), Neilo, and Yoldia (Cnesterium). Among the 25 species in the molluscan fauna are four new gastropod species, Amauropsis fetteri, Ellipsoscapha sohli, Mathilda (Fimbriatella) amundseni, and Polinices (Euspira) repenningi, two new bivalve genera, Arcticlam and Mytilon, and 15 new bivalve species, Arcticlam nanseni, Corbula (Caryocorbula) betsyae, Crenella kannoi, Cyrtodaria katieae, Gari (Garum) brouwersae, Integricardium (Integricardium) keenae, Mytilon theresae, Neilo gryci, Nucula (Nucula) micheleae, Nuculana (Jupiteria) moriyai, Oxytoma (Hypoxytoma) hargrovei, Placunopsis rothi, Tancredia (Tancredia) slavichi, Tellinimera kauffmani, and Yoldia (Cnesterium) gladenkovi. RP MARINCOVICH, L (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,PALEONTOL & STRATIG BRANCH,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 174 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3360 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 67 IS 5 SU S BP 1 EP 35 PN 3 PG 35 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA LY746 UT WOS:A1993LY74600001 ER PT J AU KENNEDY, WJ COBBAN, WA AF KENNEDY, WJ COBBAN, WA TI LOWER CAMPANIAN (UPPER CRETACEOUS) AMMONITES FROM THE MERCHANTVILLE FORMATION OF NEW-JERSEY, MARYLAND, AND DELAWARE SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Review AB The Merchantville Formation of New Jersey, Maryland, and Delaware yields a distinctive assemblage of upper lower Campanian ammonites: Pachydiscus (Pachydiscus) sp., Pseudoschloenhachia cf. P. chispaensis Adkins, 1929, Placenticeras placenta (DeKay, 1828), Texanites (Texanites) sp., Menabites (Delawarella) delawarensis (Mor-ton, 1830c), M. (D.) vanuxemi (Morton, 1830c), Menabites (Bererella) sp., Submortoniceras punctatum Collignon, 1948, S. uddeni Young, 1963, Cryptotexanites paedomorphicus n. gen. and sp., Glyptoxoceras sp., Chesapeakella nodatum n. gen. and sp., Baculites haresi Reeside, 1927, and Scaphites (Scaphites) hippocrepis (DeKay, 1828) III of Cobban, 1969. Elements of the fauna occur in the Gulf Coast and Western Interior regions of the United States, in Western Europe, and in Madagascar and provide a basis for correlation at this level, C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. RP KENNEDY, WJ (reprint author), UNIV OXFORD MUSEUM,PARKS RD,OXFORD 0X1 3PW,ENGLAND. NR 114 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3360 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 67 IS 5 BP 828 EP 849 PG 22 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA LY347 UT WOS:A1993LY34700010 ER PT J AU SOPER, RB LOCHMILLER, RL LESLIE, DM ENGLE, DM AF SOPER, RB LOCHMILLER, RL LESLIE, DM ENGLE, DM TI NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF BROWSE AFTER BRUSH MANAGEMENT ON CROSS TIMBERS RANGELAND SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE BROWSE QUALITY; BRUSH MANAGEMENT; CROSS TIMBERS; HABITAT; NUTRITION; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; OKLAHOMA; PROTEIN; WHITE-TAILED DEER ID VEGETATION MANAGEMENT; MIXED BRUSH; TEBUTHIURON; HERBICIDE; FORESTS; QUERCUS; GROWTH; CATTLE; FORAGE; TEXAS AB We evaluated seasonal changes in browse quality 5-6 years after experimental manipulations to control unwanted woody vegetation using combinations of herbicide and fire on cross timbers rangeland in central Oklahoma. The study area consisted of two 32-ha replications of untreated controls and 4 brush treatments (tebuthiuron and triclopyr used singly or in combination with periodic prescribed burning); herbicides were applied in 1983 and fires initiated in 1985. Nutritional quality of blackberry (Rubus spp.), coralberry, (Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench), rough-leaf dogwood (Cornus drummondii Meyer), elm (Ulmus spp.), greenbrier (Smilax spp.), hackberry (Celtis spp.), and smooth sumac (Rhus glabra L.) were assessed by measuring crude protein, in vitro dry matter digestibility, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and moisture content. Crude protein concentrations of browse were 14% higher on herbicide-treated areas compared to untreated controls and 11% higher on triclopyr treatments compared to tebuthiuron treatments. In vitro dry matter digestibility was 9% higher on herbicide-treated areas compared to untreated controls. Fiber constituents and moisture content were not influenced by brush treatments. Prescribed burning combined with herbicide applications did not improve the quality of browse. Our results indicate that browse quality can be improved for white-tailed deer by applications of tebuthiuron or triclopyr and improvements persist for up to 6 years post treatment. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,OKLAHOMA COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,STILLWATER,OK 74078. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,STILLWATER,OK 74078. NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 46 IS 5 BP 399 EP 410 DI 10.2307/4002657 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LY502 UT WOS:A1993LY50200005 ER PT J AU ASHLEY, GM HAMILTON, TD AF ASHLEY, GM HAMILTON, TD TI FLUVIAL RESPONSE TO LATE QUATERNARY CLIMATIC FLUCTUATIONS, CENTRAL KOBUK VALLEY, NORTHWESTERN ALASKA SO JOURNAL OF SEDIMENTARY PETROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENTARY FEATURES; STRATIFICATION TYPES; EOLIAN DEPOSITS; SAND DUNES; SEA-LEVEL; COLORADO; EXAMPLE; FACIES; CANADA; RIVER AB Much of northwestern Alaska remained unglaciated during the Pleistocene and thus offers a favorable setting for examining long-term records of high-latitude geological and biological change. Epiguruk, a large cut bank 3.5 km long and up to 36 m high on the Kobuk River south of the Brooks Range in eastern Beringia, exposes complex sedimentary successions representing cycles of upper Quaternary alluviation and eolian sedimentation, downcutting, and soil formation. A rich record of plants and mammals is also preserved in the section. Deposits of fluvial channels and flood plains, eolian dunes, sand sheets, loess, and ponds, as well as organic soils (Histosols) are represented. Parallel-bedded fine sand and coarse silt couplets that commonly contain root structures, ripple cross-lamination, and silt drapes are flood-plain sediments apparently deposited at the interface of fluvial and eolian environments. Multiple fluvial-to-eolian depositional sequences were caused by influx of eolian sediment to the river from intermittently active dune fields south of the Kobuk River. Alluviation in the Kobuk Valley was coeval with glaciation in the Brooks Range, whereas downcutting occurred during interstadials when dune stabilization limited sediment supply. The depositional model developed at Epiguruk may be useful in interpreting some of the widespread subhorizontally stratified late-glacial deposits of Europe and North America. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,ANCHORAGE,AK 99508. RP ASHLEY, GM (reprint author), RUTGERS UNIV,DEPT GEOL SCI,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903, USA. NR 55 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 1731 E 71ST STREET, TULSA, OK 74136-5108 SN 0022-4472 J9 J SEDIMENT PETROL PD SEP PY 1993 VL 63 IS 5 BP 814 EP 827 PG 14 WC Geology SC Geology GA MA544 UT WOS:A1993MA54400004 ER PT J AU SPOTL, C MATTER, A BREVART, O AF SPOTL, C MATTER, A BREVART, O TI DIAGENESIS AND PORE-WATER EVOLUTION IN THE KEUPER RESERVOIR, PARIS BASIN (FRANCE) SO JOURNAL OF SEDIMENTARY PETROLOGY LA English DT Article ID UK NORTH-SEA; SEDIMENTARY BASINS; THERMAL ANOMALIES; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; SANDSTONES; CLAY; POROSITY; ORIGIN; MODEL; FIELD AB Keuper (Upper Triassic) fluvial sandstones and nonmarine carbonate rocks form a major oil reservoir in the western Paris Basin at burial depths of approximately 2 km. Early-diagenetic processes comprise red-bed-type diagenesis ( mechanical clay infiltration, iron-oxide precipitation) and extensive dolocrete formation both in fluvial channels and in fine-grained overbank sediments. Locally significant paleokarst created vuggy dissolution porosity in the carbonate units and probably also caused leaching of detrital alkali feldspar grains. Oxygen, carbon, and strontium isotope analyses of various eogenetic cements indicate a nonmarine pore-water composition. Ferroan carbonates, authigenic albite and potassium feldspar, quartz, sulfates, sulfides, and clay minerals formed subsequent to major mechanical compaction. Their isotopic compositions record significant changes in the chemistry of the parent pore water. Cl-Br relationships of the present-day pore water reveal that fluids saturated with respect to halite flushed the reservoir during burial. This is documented by the oxygen-isotope composition of the burial cements. Based on radiogenic dating of illite cements, influx of warm brines into the reservoir most likely occurred during the earliest Cretaceous. At this time the margins of the basin were uplifted by late Cimmerian tectonism, resulting in an unconformity at the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary. We suggest that uplift of the Vosges crustal block created a hydraulic head in the eastern part of the basin and established a gravity-driven fluid flow system, displacing interstitial brines from the Keuper evaporites from the eastern part towards the western part of the basin. Fluid-inclusion studies indicate that brine-influenced cementation occurred at progressively higher temperatures, reaching peak temperatures of less-than-or-equal-to 140-degrees-C. These high subsurface temperatures could not have been caused by advective heat transport, but most likely resulted from a combination of maximum burial depth, high surface temperatures, and thermal blanketing during the Late Cretaceous. A second gravity-driven fluid flow system was established during the Oligocene by major uplift, and freshwater flushed the Keuper reservoir (mainly from the south), causing brine dilution, The present-day pore water in the study area is still saline (50-100 g/l TDS), and mass-balance calculations indicate that the ratio of basinal brines to Tertiary meteoric water is about 1:2. C1 UNIV BERN,INST GEOL,CH-3012 BERN,SWITZERLAND. SOC NATL ELF AQUITAINE,CTR SCI & TECHN JEAN FEGER,F-64018 PAU,FRANCE. RP SPOTL, C (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,915 NATL CTR,12201 SUNRISE VALLEY DR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 92 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 6 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 1731 E 71ST STREET, TULSA, OK 74136-5108 SN 0022-4472 J9 J SEDIMENT PETROL PD SEP PY 1993 VL 63 IS 5 BP 909 EP 928 PG 20 WC Geology SC Geology GA MA544 UT WOS:A1993MA54400014 ER PT J AU HACKER, BR KIRBY, SH AF HACKER, BR KIRBY, SH TI HIGH-PRESSURE DEFORMATION OF CALCITE MARBLE AND ITS TRANSFORMATION TO ARAGONITE UNDER NONHYDROSTATIC CONDITIONS SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; KINETICS; FLOW; TRANSITION; MECHANISM; GROWTH; STRAIN AB We conducted deformation experiments on Carrara marble in the aragonite and calcite stability fields to observe the synkinematic transformation of calcite to aragonite, and to identify any relationships between transformation and deformation or sample strength. Deformation-induced microstructures in calcite crystals varied most significantly with temperature, ranging from limited slip and twinning at 400-degrees-C, limited recrystallization at 500-degrees-C, widespread recrystallization at 600 and 700-degrees-C, to grain growth at 800-900-degrees-C. Variations in confining pressure from 0.3 to 2.0 GPa have no apparent effect on calcite deformation microstructures. Aragonite grew in 10(-6)-10(-7) s-1 strain rate tests conducted for 18-524 h at confining pressures of 1.7-2.0 GPa and temperatures of 500-600-degrees-C. As in our previously reported hydrostatic experiments on this same transformation, the aragonite nucleated on calcite grain boundaries. The extent of transformation varied from a few percent conversion near pistons at 400-degrees-C, 2.0 GPa and 10(-4) s-1 strain rate in a 0.8 h long experiment, to 98% transformation in a 21-day test at a strain rate of 10(-7) s-1, a temperature of 600-degrees-C and a pressure of 2.0 GPa. At 500-degrees-C, porphyroblastic 100-200 mum aragonite crystals grew at a rate faster than 8 x 10(-10)m s-1. At 600-degrees-C, the growth of aragonite neoblasts was slower, approximately 6 x 10(-11)m s-1, and formed 'glove-and-finger' cellular-precipitation-like textures identical to those observed in hydrostatic experiments. The transformation to aragonite is not accompanied by a shear instability or anisotropic aragonite growth, consistent with its relatively small volume change and latent heat in comparison with compounds that do display those features. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP HACKER, BR (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,DEPT GEOL,STANFORD,CA 94305, USA. RI Hacker, Bradley/E-7750-2011 NR 45 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0191-8141 J9 J STRUCT GEOL JI J. Struct. Geol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 15 IS 9-10 BP 1207 EP 1222 DI 10.1016/0191-8141(93)90164-6 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MD095 UT WOS:A1993MD09500010 ER PT J AU KIRBY, SH STERN, LA AF KIRBY, SH STERN, LA TI EXPERIMENTAL DYNAMIC METAMORPHISM OF MINERAL SINGLE-CRYSTALS SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BETA-PHASE TRANSFORMATION; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; HIGH-PRESSURE; INCOMMENSURATE PHASE; CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC ASPECTS; ORTHO-PYROXENE; X-RAY; TRANSITION; QUARTZ; MECHANISM AB This paper is a rcview of some of the rich and varied interactions between non-hydrostatic stress and phase transformations or mineral reactions, drawn mainly from results of experiments done on mineral single crystals in our laboratory or our co-authors'. The state of stress and inelastic deformation can enter ''plicitly into the equilibrium phase relations and kinetics of mineral reactions. Altematively, phase transformations can have prominent effects on rheology and on the nature of inelastic deformation. Our examples represent five types of structural phase changes, each of which is distinguished by particular mechanical effects. In increasing structural complexity, these include: (1) displacivephase transformations involving no bond-breaking, which may produce anomalous brittle behavior. A primary example is the alpha-beta quartz transition which shows anomalously low fracture strength and tertiary creep behavior near the transition temperature; (2) martensitic-like transformations involving transformation strains dominated by shear deformation. Examples include the orthoenstatite --> clinoenstatite and wurtzite --> sphalerite transformations; (3) coherent exsolution or precipitation of a mineral solute from a supersaturated solid-solution, with anisotropy of precipitation and creep rates produced under non-hydrostatic stress. Examples include exsolution of corundum from MgO . nAl2O3 spinels and Ca-clinopyroxene from orthopyroxene; (4) order-disorder transformations that are believed to cause anomalous plastic yield strengthening, such as MgO . nAl2O3 spinels; and (5) near-surface devolatilization of hydrous silicate single-crystals that produces a fundamental brittleness thought to be connected with dehydration at microcracks at temperatures well below nominal macroscopic dehydration temperatures. As none of these interactions between single-crystal phase transformations and non-hydrostatic stress is understood in detail, this paper serves as a challenge to field structural geologists to test whether interactions of these types occur in nature, and to thcoreticians to reach a deeper understanding of the complex relations between phase transformations, the local state of stress and associated deformation and deformation rates. RP KIRBY, SH (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,EARTHQUAKE GEOL & GEOPHYS BRANCH,EXPTL ROCK MECH LAB,MS 977,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 143 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0191-8141 J9 J STRUCT GEOL JI J. Struct. Geol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 15 IS 9-10 BP 1223 EP 1240 DI 10.1016/0191-8141(93)90165-7 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MD095 UT WOS:A1993MD09500011 ER PT J AU KIRBY, S TULLIS, J WENK, R SYLVESTER, A AF KIRBY, S TULLIS, J WENK, R SYLVESTER, A TI MICROSTRUCTURES AND RHEOLOGY OF ROCKS AND ROCK-FORMING MINERALS - A COLLECTION OF PAPERS IN HONOR OF CHRISTIE,JOHN 60TH BIRTHDAY - PREFACE SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Item About an Individual C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP KIRBY, S (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,EARTHQUAKE GEOL & GEOPHYS BRANCH,EXPTL ROCK MECH LAB,MS 977,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0191-8141 J9 J STRUCT GEOL JI J. Struct. Geol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 15 IS 9-10 BP R5 EP R6 DI 10.1016/0191-8141(93)90155-4 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MD095 UT WOS:A1993MD09500001 ER PT J AU JONES, RH VECCHIA, AV AF JONES, RH VECCHIA, AV TI FITTING CONTINUOUS ARMA MODELS TO UNEQUALLY SPACED SPATIAL DATA SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE BEST LINEAR UNBIASED PREDICTION; MIXED LINEAR MODELS; RATIONAL SPECTRAL DENSITY; UNIVERSAL KRIGING ID LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATION; COVARIANCE; REGRESSION AB Methods for fitting continuous spatial autoregressive moving average (ARMA) models to unequally spaced observations in two dimensions are reviewed and extended. These are models with rational two-dimensional spectra. Assuming Gaussian input noise and observational errors, maximum likelihood methods are used to estimate the ARMA parameters and the regression coefficients of the deterministic trend. When the number of observations is too large for exact maximum likelihood estimation, approximate maximum likelihood estimation is used based on nearest neighbors. Comparisons of nearest-neighbor methods with exact likelihood methods are presented. Predictions of the height of the field at unobserved points can be calculated with confidence intervals. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,DENVER,CO 80225. RP JONES, RH (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,SCH MED,DEPT PREVENT MED & BIOMETR,DENVER,CO 80262, USA. NR 27 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0162-1459 J9 J AM STAT ASSOC JI J. Am. Stat. Assoc. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 88 IS 423 BP 947 EP 954 DI 10.2307/2290786 PG 8 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA LT932 UT WOS:A1993LT93200031 ER PT J AU SPARKS, RSJ STASIUK, MV GARDEWEG, M SWANSON, DA AF SPARKS, RSJ STASIUK, MV GARDEWEG, M SWANSON, DA TI WELDED BRECCIAS IN ANDESITE LAVAS SO JOURNAL OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Flow breccias, formed al the margins of blocky andesite lavas, can be reheated, welded and sometimes deformed to form rocks reminiscent of welded pyroclastic rocks. Reheating occurs due to advection of heat from the flow to the basal breccias. Surface breccias also infill extensional crevasses which are later closed and compressed. Strongly deformed welded breccia bands form within the flow levees. The angular breccia clasts can be deformed into fiamme. C1 SERV NACL GEOL & MINERIA, SANTIAGO, CHILE. UNIV WASHINGTON, US GEOL SURVEY, DEPT GEOL SCI, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. RP SPARKS, RSJ (reprint author), UNIV BRISTOL, DEPT GEOL, BRISTOL BS8 1RJ, ENGLAND. NR 16 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBL HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CENTRE, BATH, AVON, ENGLAND BA1 3JN SN 0016-7649 J9 J GEOL SOC LONDON JI J. Geol. Soc. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 150 BP 897 EP 902 DI 10.1144/gsjgs.150.5.0897 PN 5 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA LZ358 UT WOS:A1993LZ35800011 ER PT J AU LIPMAN, PW BOGATIKOV, OA TSVETKOV, AA GAZIS, C GURBANOV, AG HON, K KORONOVSKY, NV KOVALENKO, VI MARCHEV, P AF LIPMAN, PW BOGATIKOV, OA TSVETKOV, AA GAZIS, C GURBANOV, AG HON, K KORONOVSKY, NV KOVALENKO, VI MARCHEV, P TI 2.8-MA ASH-FLOW CALDERA AT CHEGEM RIVER IN THE NORTHERN CAUCASUS MOUNTAINS (RUSSIA), CONTEMPORANEOUS GRANITES, AND ASSOCIATED ORE-DEPOSITS SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LATIR VOLCANIC FIELD; RIO-GRANDE RIFT; NEW-MEXICO; EVOLUTION; MAGMA; TECTONICS; COLORADO; PLATEAU; AMERICA; NEVADA AB Diverse latest Pliocene volcanic and plutonic rocks in the north-central Caucasus Mountains of southern Russia are newly interpreted as components of a large caldera system that erupted a compositionally zoned rhyolite-dacite ash-flow sheet at 2.83 +/- 0.02 Ma (sanidine and biotite Ar-40/Ar-39). Despite its location within a cratonic collision zone, the Chegem system is structurally and petrologically similar to typical calderas of continental-margin volcanic arcs. Erosional remnants of the outflow Chegem Tuff sheet extend at least 50 km north from the source caldera in the upper Chegem River. These outflow remnants were previously interpreted by others as erupted from several local vents, but petrologic similarities indicate a common origin ana correlation with thick intracaldera Chegem Tuff. The 11 x 15 km caldera and associated intrusions are superbly exposed over a vertical range of 2,300 m in deep canyons above treeline (elev. to 3,800 m). Densely welded intracaldera Chegem Tuff, previously described by others as a rhyolite lava plateau, forms a single cooling unit, is > 2 km thick, and contains large slide blocks from the caldera walls. Caldera subsidence was accommodated along several concentric ring fractures. No prevolcanic floor is exposed within the central core of the caldera. The caldera-filling tuff is overlain by andesitic lavas and cut by a 2.84 +/- 0.03-Ma porphyritic granodiorite intrusion that has a cooling age analytically indistinguishable from that of the tuffs. The Eldjurta Granite, a pluton exposed low in the next large canyon (Baksan River) 10 km to the northwest of the caldera, yields variable K-feldspar and biotite ages (2.8 to 1.0 Ma) through a 5-km vertical range in surface and drill-hole samples. These variable dates appear to record a prolonged complex cooling history within upper parts of another caldera-related pluton. Major W-Mo ore deposits at the Tirniauz mine are hosted in skarns and hornfels along the roof of the Eldjurta Granite, and associated aplitic phases have textural features of Climax-type molybdenite porphyries in the western USA. Similar Ar-40/Ar-39 ages, mineral chemistry, and bulk-rock compositions indicate that the Chegem Tuff, intracaldera intrusion, and Eldjurta Granite are all parts of a large magmatic system that broadly resembles the middle Tertiary Questa caldera system and associated Mo deposits in northern New Mexico, USA. Because of their young age and superb three-dimensional exposures, rocks of the Chegem-Tirniauz region offer exceptional opportunities for detailed study of caldera structures, compositional gradients in volcanic rocks relative to cogenetic granites, and the thermal and fluid-flow history of a large young upper-crustal magmatic system. C1 RUSSIAN ACAD SCI, INST GEOL ORE DEPOSITS PETROG MINERAL & GEOCHEM, MOSCOW 109017, RUSSIA. MOSCOW MV LOMONOSOV STATE UNIV, FAC GEOL, MOSCOW 119899, RUSSIA. BULGARIAN ACAD SCI, INST GEOL, BU-1113 SOFIA, BULGARIA. CALTECH, DIV GEOL & PLANETARY SCI, PASADENA, CA 91125 USA. US GEOL SURVEY, DENVER FED CTR, DENVER, CO 80225 USA. RP LIPMAN, PW (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, MS910, 345 MIDDLEFIELD RD, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. RI Koronovsky, Nikolay/K-4274-2012 NR 78 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 57 IS 1-2 BP 85 EP 124 DI 10.1016/0377-0273(93)90033-N PG 40 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MB161 UT WOS:A1993MB16100006 ER PT J AU GRIFFITH, B SCOTT, JM CARPENTER, JW REED, C AF GRIFFITH, B SCOTT, JM CARPENTER, JW REED, C TI ANIMAL TRANSLOCATIONS AND POTENTIAL DISEASE TRANSMISSION SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE TRANSLOCATION; REINTRODUCTION; DISEASE; THREATENED SPECIES; ENDANGERED SPECIES; GEOGRAPHY AB A survey of terrestrial vertebrate translocations, 1973-1986, from Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the USA was analyzed to determine the geographical distribution and relative frequency of translocation methods that had disease transmission implications. Contemporary translocations likely exceed 700 per year. More than 50% of surveyed agencies translocated some species each year. On average, 26% of translocations released captive-reared animals, 29% of releases were to areas on the periphery or outside of historic species ranges, only 32% were soft releases that provided opportunity for postrelease monitoring, and, in 24% of translocations, there was no professional examination of animals for parasites, disease, or injury prior to release. There were differences among countries and among regions in the USA in these characteristics of translocations but no differences among countries or regions in translocation success. Adequate assessment of the effect of disease on translocation success will require multivariate analyses. These analyses will require more complete documentation of disease-related properties of translocations than is currently available. C1 UNIV IDAHO,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,SCH FORESTRY,WILDLIFE & RANGE SCI,MOSCOW,ID 83843. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,COLL VET MED,DEPT CLIN SCI,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. DEPT CONSERVAT,TWIZEL,NEW ZEALAND. RP GRIFFITH, B (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ALASKA FISH & WILDLIFE RES CTR,101 12TH AVE,BOX 20,FAIRBANKS,AK 99701, USA. NR 11 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER ASSOC Z00 VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 24 IS 3 BP 231 EP 236 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ME071 UT WOS:A1993ME07100002 ER PT J AU IKEYA, N CRONIN, TM AF IKEYA, N CRONIN, TM TI QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS OF OSTRACODA AND WATER MASSES AROUND JAPAN - APPLICATION TO PLIOCENE AND PLEISTOCENE PALEOCEANOGRAPHY SO MICROPALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; ANALOGS AB An ostracode data base consisting of 273 samples from coretops and comprising 226 species was developed for the seas around the Japanese Islands to determine zoogeographic patterns and for application to Pliocene and Pleistocene paleoceanography in the area. Quantitative analyses of the 59 most common taxa between 0 and 300m water depth indicate that ostracode associations are controlled by the main oceanic water masses around Japan and that bottom water temperature is a key factor influencing species distributions. Ostracodes from the following water masses were studied: warm Kuroshio Current, Tsushima Current (Tsugaru Current and Soya Current), Japan Sea intermediate water, Japan Sea proper water and cold Oyashio Current. In order to apply the modem coretop data base to fossil ostracode assemblages, die modem analog technique (MAT) using a squared chord distance (SCD) measure of dissimilarity was tested as a means of comparing fossil and modem assemblages. SCD values of 0.25 or less adequately identify modem analogs from the coretop data set at the local ecological level (i.e. within the same modem bay), while values of 0.25-0.5 identify modem analogs at the level of the zoogeographic province. The MAT method was tested against 3 Pliocene and 11 Pleistocene formations in Japan to examine the use of the MAT in paleoceanographic reconstruction. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. RP IKEYA, N (reprint author), SHIZUOKA UNIV,INST GEOSCI,SHIZUOKA 422,JAPAN. NR 44 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 2 PU MICROPALEONTOLOGY PRESS PI NEW YORK PA AMER MUSEUM NAT HISTORY 79TH ST AT CENTRAL PARK WEST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 SN 0026-2803 J9 MICROPALEONTOLOGY JI Micropaleontology PD FAL PY 1993 VL 39 IS 3 BP 263 EP 281 DI 10.2307/1485900 PG 19 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA MG132 UT WOS:A1993MG13200003 ER PT J AU GOLDFARB, RJ SNEE, LW PICKTHORN, WJ AF GOLDFARB, RJ SNEE, LW PICKTHORN, WJ TI OROGENESIS, HIGH-T THERMAL EVENTS, AND GOLD VEIN FORMATION WITHIN METAMORPHIC ROCKS OF THE ALASKAN CORDILLERA SO MINERALOGICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT MEETING ON METAMORPHIC FLUIDS AND MINERAL DEPOSITS CY MAY 27-28, 1992 CL UNIV SOUTHAMPTON, SOUTHAMPTON, ENGLAND HO UNIV SOUTHAMPTON DE MESOTHERMAL GOLD; ALASKA; FLUID INCLUSION; STABLE ISOTOPE; GEOCHRONOLOGY; OROGENESIS ID SEWARD-PENINSULA; HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; CANADIAN CORDILLERA; BLUESCHIST TERRANE; EVOLUTION; QUARTZ; ORIGIN; BELT; MINERALIZATION AB Mesothermal, gold-bearing quartz veins are widespread within allochthonous terranes of Alaska that are composed dominantly of greenschist-facies metasedimentary rocks. The most productive lode deposits are concentrated in south-central and southeastern Alaska; small and generally nonproductive gold-bearing veins occur upstream from major placer deposits in interior and northern Alaska. Ore-forming fluids in all areas are consistent with derivation from metamorphic devolatilisation reactions, and a close temporal relationship exists between high-T tectonic deformation, igneous activity, and gold mineralization. Ore fluids were of consistently low salinity, CO2-rich, and had deltaO-18 values of 7 parts per thousand-12 parts per thousand and deltaD values between -15 parts per thousand and -35 parts per thousand. Upper-crustal temperatures within the metamorphosed terranes reached at least 450-500-degrees-C before onset of significant gold-forming hydrothermal activity. Within interior and northern Alaska, latest Paleozoic through Early Cretaceous contractional deformation was characterised by obduction of oceanic crust, low-T/high-P metamorphism, and a lack of gold vein formation. Mid-Cretaceous veining occurred some 50-100 m.y. later, during a subsequent high-T metamorphic/magmatic event, possibly related to extension and uplift. In southern Alaska, gold deposits formed during latter stages of Tertiary, subduction-related, collisional orogenesis and were often temporally coeval with calc-alkaline magmatism. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP GOLDFARB, RJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,MS 973,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 93 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU MINERALOGICAL SOCIETY PI LONDON PA 41 QUEENS GATE, LONDON, ENGLAND SW7 5HR SN 0026-461X J9 MINERAL MAG JI Mineral. Mag. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 57 IS 388 BP 375 EP 394 DI 10.1180/minmag.1993.057.388.03 PG 20 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA LZ372 UT WOS:A1993LZ37200003 ER PT J AU ALEINIKOFF, JN REED, JC WOODEN, JL AF ALEINIKOFF, JN REED, JC WOODEN, JL TI LEAD ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE FOR THE ORIGIN OF PALEO- AND MESOPROTEROZOIC ROCKS OF THE COLORADO PROVINCE, USA SO PRECAMBRIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID U-PB GEOCHRONOLOGY; PROTEROZOIC ACCRETIONARY TECTONICS; NEEDLE-MOUNTAINS; UNITED-STATES; SOUTHERN MARGIN; WYOMING CRATON; CHEYENNE BELT; FRONT RANGE; EVOLUTION; MODEL AB Lead isotopic ratios of K-feldspars and whole-rocks from 1.7- and 1.4-Ga plutonic rocks of the Colorado Province are relatively non-radiogenic for Pb-207/Pb-204, plotting below the average crust model curve of Stacey and Kramers (1975), indicating that the terrane was derived primarily from juvenile, mantle material. Slightly more radiogenic ratios in the northern part of the terrane, near the Archean Wyoming Province, suggest minor inclusion of an older component. The data from 1.7-Ga plutons plot in a broad field suggesting two episodes of re-equilibration with whole-rock Pb, probably related to heating events in the Mesoproterozoic (1.4 Ga) and Cretaceous (70 Ma). Possible differences in calculated whole-rock Th/U, coupled with slight Pb isotopic variations, along the north-south transect suggest either a terrane boundary through central Colorado (near Salida and Gunnison), or fundamental differences in source rocks (metasedimentary vs. metavolcanic). U-Pb analyses of multigrain splits of detrital zircons from quartzites throughout the Colorado Province have failed to identify Archean detritus. The oldest Pb-207/Pb-206 ages found (in two samples of quartzite from northern Colorado) are about 2.0 Ga (perhaps derived from rocks of the Trans-Hudson orogen), in contrast to 2.75-Ga detrital zircon in a Paleoproterozoic quartzite from the southern part of the Wyoming Province. While we are not yet able to discern if these ages are true provenance ages or mixtures of Archean and Paleoproterozoic components, the absence of easily recognizable Archean zircons supports other isotopic data and a conclusion that most of the Paleoproterozoic crust of the Colorado Province was ultimately derived from a juvenile (at 1.8 Ga) mantle reservoir. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP ALEINIKOFF, JN (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MAIL STOP 963,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 79 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-9268 J9 PRECAMBRIAN RES JI Precambrian Res. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 63 IS 1-2 BP 97 EP 122 DI 10.1016/0301-9268(93)90007-O PG 26 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA LY405 UT WOS:A1993LY40500006 ER PT J AU SIMONS, LS SIMONS, LH AF SIMONS, LS SIMONS, LH TI SEED DISPERSAL THROUGH REMOVAL OF AVIAN NESTLING FECAL SACS SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Note RP SIMONS, LS (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ENDANGERED SPECIES OFF,2800 COTTAGE WAY,SACRAMENTO,CA 95825, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 38 IS 3 BP 282 EP 284 DI 10.2307/3671436 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MA537 UT WOS:A1993MA53700015 ER PT J AU TRAVNICHEK, VH ZALE, AV FISHER, WL AF TRAVNICHEK, VH ZALE, AV FISHER, WL TI ENTRAINMENT OF ICHTHYOPLANKTON BY A WARMWATER HYDROELECTRIC FACILITY SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB We examined entrainment of ichthyoplankton associated with hydropower generation in 1988 and 1989 at the Pensacola Dam hydroelectric facility on Grand Lake in northeastern Oklahoma. To provide a basis for evaluating the effects of entrainment on the fish assemblage, we also estimated the total abundance of fish eggs and larvae in the top 10 m of the reservoir. Entrainment totaled about 10 million larval fish in 1988 and almost 100 million in 1989. Only nine taxa of larval fish were entrained during the study. Entrained eggs were almost exclusively those of freshwater drum Aplodinotus grunniens. Although estimates of entrainment were large, they were generally low compared with the estimates of total abundance of ichthyoplankton in Grand Lake. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,OKLAHOMA COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,STILLWATER,OK 74078. RP TRAVNICHEK, VH (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,DEPT FISHERIES & ALLIED AQUACULTURES,ALABAMA COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 122 IS 5 BP 709 EP 716 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1993)122<0709:EOLBAW>2.3.CO;2 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA MJ440 UT WOS:A1993MJ44000006 ER PT J AU JONES, ML KOONCE, JF OGORMAN, R AF JONES, ML KOONCE, JF OGORMAN, R TI SUSTAINABILITY OF HATCHERY-DEPENDENT SALMONINE FISHERIES IN LAKE-ONTARIO - THE CONFLICT BETWEEN PREDATOR DEMAND AND PREY SUPPLY SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ALEWIFE ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; REACTIVE DISTANCE; LARGEMOUTH BASS; YELLOW PERCH; GREAT-LAKES; SIZE; POPULATIONS; MICHIGAN; TROUT; FOOD AB The offshore fish community of Lake Ontario is presently dominated by intensively managed, nonnative species: alewife Alosa pseudoharengus and rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax at the planktivore level and stocked salmonines at the piscivore level. Salmonine stocking rates per unit area of Lake Ontario are the highest in the Great Lakes, and fishery managers are concerned about the sustainability of the fishery under present stocking policies, particularly with the recent collapse of the Lake Michigan fishery for chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. In this paper, we describe and present the results of a simulation model that integrates predator demand estimates derived from bioenergetics, prey and predator population dynamics, and a predation model based on the multiple-species functional response. Model reconstructions of historical alewife biomass trends and salmonine diets corresponded reasonably well with existing data for the period 1978-1992. The simulations suggest that current predator demand does not exceed the threshold beyond which alewife biomass cannot be sustained, but they indicate that the sustainability of the prey fish community is extremely sensitive to fluctuations in overwinter survival of alewife; an additional mortality of 25% in a single winter would be sufficient to cause the collapse of the alewife population. The model includes a number of assumptions and simplifications with a limited empirical basis; better estimates of salmonine survival rates, an evaluation of the importance of spatial and temporal interactions among predators and prey, and incorporation of the effects of recently observed declines in system productivity at lower trophic levels would significantly increase confidence in the model's projections. C1 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR GREAT LAKES,OSWEGO,NY 13126. RP JONES, ML (reprint author), ONTARIO MINIST NAT RESOURCES,RURAL ROUTE 4,PICTON K0K 2T0,ON,CANADA. NR 66 TC 99 Z9 102 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 122 IS 5 BP 1002 EP 1018 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1993)122<1002:SOHDSF>2.3.CO;2 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA MJ440 UT WOS:A1993MJ44000027 ER PT J AU HANSEN, MJ BOISCLAIR, D BRANDT, SB HEWETT, SW KITCHELL, JF LUCAS, MC NEY, JJ AF HANSEN, MJ BOISCLAIR, D BRANDT, SB HEWETT, SW KITCHELL, JF LUCAS, MC NEY, JJ TI APPLICATIONS OF BIOENERGETICS MODELS TO FISH ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT - WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID AMONG-POPULATION VARIABILITY; WALLEYE STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM; INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL; PERCH PERCA-FLAVESCENS; PIKE ESOX-LUCIUS; THE-YEAR WALLEYE; LAKE-MICHIGAN; FOOD-CONSUMPTION; HEART-RATE; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH AB Papers and panel discussions given during a 1992 symposium on bioenergetics models are summarized. Bioenergetics models have been applied to a variety of research and management questions relating to fish stocks, populations, food webs, and ecosystems. Applications include estimates of the intensity and dynamics of predator-prey interactions, nutrient cycling within aquatic food webs of varying trophic structure, and food requirements of single animals, whole populations, and communities of fishes. As tools in food web and ecosystem applications, bioenergetics models have been used to compare forage consumption by salmonid predators across the Laurentian Great Lakes for single populations and whole communities, and to estimate the growth potential of pelagic predators in Chesapeake Bay and Lake Ontario. Some critics say that bioenergetics models lack sufficient detail to produce reliable results in such field applications, whereas others say that the models are too complex to be useful tools for fishery managers. Nevertheless, bioenergetics models have achieved notable predictive successes. Improved estimates are needed for model parameters such as metabolic costs of activity, and more complete studies are needed of the bioenergetics of larval and juvenile fishes. Future research on bioenergetics should include laboratory and field measurements of key model parameters such as weight-dependent maximum consumption, respiration and activity, and thermal habitats actually occupied by fish. Future applications of bioenergetics models to fish populations also depend on accurate estimates of population sizes and survival rates. C1 UNIV MONTREAL,DEPT SCI BIOL,MONTREAL H3C 3J7,QUEBEC,CANADA. UNIV MARYLAND,CHESAPEAKE BIOL LAB,SOLOMONS,MD 20688. WISCONSIN DEPT NAT RESOURCES,BUR FISHERIES MANAGEMENT,MADISON,WI 53707. UNIV WISCONSIN,CTR LIMNOL,MADISON,WI 53706. AGR & FISHERIES DEPT,SCOTTISH OFF,MARINE LAB,ABERDEEN AB9 8D8,SCOTLAND. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP HANSEN, MJ (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR GREAT LAKES,1451 GREEN RD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA. OI Hansen, Michael/0000-0001-8522-3876 NR 89 TC 129 Z9 135 U1 6 U2 49 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 122 IS 5 BP 1019 EP 1030 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1993)122<1019:AOBMTF>2.3.CO;2 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA MJ440 UT WOS:A1993MJ44000028 ER PT J AU SITTHITHAWORN, E ALBINO, GV FYFE, WS AF SITTHITHAWORN, E ALBINO, GV FYFE, WS TI COPPER-GOLD PORPHYRY AND SKARN MINERALIZATION AT PHU-LON, NORTHERN THAILAND SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MINING AND METALLURGY SECTION B-APPLIED EARTH SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EXPLORATION AB The Phu Lon copper-gold prospect in northern Thailand is located in the north-trending Loei fold belt, a zone of recurrent tectonic activity through the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic. The mineralization is related to a shallow-level Permian(?) to Triassic composite diorite to quartz monzonite stock. The stock intruded Devonian limestone and Permian to Triassic rhyolitic to andesitic volcanic rocks. Intrusion was localized by north- to northwest-striking faults that parallel regional structural trends. Mineralization includes porphyry copper-type zones of disseminated sulphides and stockwork sulphide-quartz veinlets hosted by intrusive rocks, together with garnet- and epidote-rich skarn developed in carbonate wallrocks. The mineralized skarn was originally garnet-rich, with late development of epidote at the expense of garnet. Ore minerals include chalcopyrite, magnetite and pyrite in porphyry-type mineralization and bornite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, magnetite and lesser hematite in skarn. Copper, gold, silver, zinc and molybdenum are enriched in all mineralized zones at Phu Lon. With the exception of molybdenum, the above metals show strong positive correlations in all mineralization types. Differences in metal ratios between porphyry, prograde skarn and retrograde skarn mineralization are small, but gold and molybdenum are slightly enriched relative to copper in intrusion-hosted mineralization. Retrograde skarn is slightly enriched in gold relative to copper by comparison with the prograde skarn, but no gold-rich, base metal-poor skarn zones similar to those reported from some other porphyry-skarn districts are known at Phu Lon. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,POB 1488,JEDDAH 21431,SAUDI ARABIA. DEPT MINERAL RESOURCES THAILAND,BANGKOK,THAILAND. UNIV WESTERN ONTARIO,LONDON N6A 3K7,ONTARIO,CANADA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST MINING METALLURGY PI LONDON PA 44 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 4BR SN 0371-7453 J9 T I MIN METALL B JI Tran. Inst. Min. Metall. Sect. B-App. Earth Sci. PD SEP-DEC PY 1993 VL 102 BP B181 EP B191 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MX162 UT WOS:A1993MX16200005 ER PT J AU ORZOL, LL MCGRATH, TS AF ORZOL, LL MCGRATH, TS TI SUMMARY OF MODIFICATIONS OF THE UNITED-STATES-GEOLOGICAL-SURVEY MODULAR, FINITE-DIFFERENCE, GROUNDWATER-FLOW MODEL TO READ AND WRITE GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEM FILES SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE GROUNDWATER; FLOW MODEL; GIS; MODFLOW; MODFLOWARC AB The U.S. Geological Survey modular, three-dimensional, finite-difference, ground-water flow model, commonly called MODFLOW, has been modified so that it can read and write riles used by a geographic information system (GIS). The modified model program is called MODFLOWARC. The design of MODFLOWARC parallels the design of the ground-water flow model program MODFLOW. The names of the variables, modules, and submodules used to explain the operations of MODFLOWARC were derived from the names used in MODFLOW. During the data input phase, MODFLOWARC reads array control records similar to the original control records of MODFLOW, except an additional variable is added. This additional variable is the name of the computer files containing array data in GIS format. Data output is achieved by setting record/input flags and by supplying a variable that is the name of the directory where the output data will be recorded. The modifications to MODFLOW were minimized so that MODFLOWARC will operate on an existing ground-water flow model without modifying array control records. C1 MICROSOFT CORP,DIV CONSUMER,REDMOND,WA 98052. RP ORZOL, LL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,10615 SE CHERRY BLOSSOM DR,PORTLAND,OR 97216, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 29 IS 5 BP 843 EP 846 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA ML383 UT WOS:A1993ML38300012 ER PT J AU OBRIEN, AK RICE, KC KENNEDY, MM BRICKER, OP AF OBRIEN, AK RICE, KC KENNEDY, MM BRICKER, OP TI COMPARISON OF EPISODIC ACIDIFICATION OF MID-ATLANTIC UPLAND AND COASTAL-PLAIN STREAMS SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CONTROLLING SUBSURFACE TRANSPORT; NEW-YORK; UPPER SUBCATCHMENT; ADIRONDACK REGION; STORM EVENTS; CHEMISTRY; SNOWMELT; WATER; MASSACHUSETTS; CONSEQUENCES AB Episodic acidification was examined in five mid-Atlantic watersheds representing three physiographic provinces: Coastal Plain, Valley and Ridge, and Blue Ridge. Each of the watersheds receives a similar loading of atmospheric pollutants (SO42- and NO3-) and is underlain by different bedrock type. The purpose of this research was to quantify and compare the episodic variability in storm flow chemistry in Reedy Creek, Virginia (Coastal Plain), Mill Run and Shelter Run, Virginia (Valley and Ridge), and Fishing Creek Tributary and Hunting Creek, Maryland (Blue Ridge). Because episodic responses were similar from storm to storm in each of the watersheds, a representative storm from each watershed was discussed. Acidification, defined as the loss of acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC), was observed in all streams except Mill Run. Mill Run chemistry showed little episodic variability. During storms in the other streams, pH decreased while SO42-, NO3-, and K+ concentrations increased. Concentrations of Mg2+ and Ca2+ increased in Reedy Creek and Fishing Creek Tributary, but decreased in Shelter Run and Hunting Creek. Therefore the net effect of episodic changes on the acid-base status differed among the streams. In general, greater losses of ANC were observed during storms at Shelter Run and Hunting Creek, watersheds underlain by reactive bedrock (carbonate, metabasalt); comparatively smaller losses in ANC were observed at Reedy Creek and Fishing Creek Tributary, watersheds underlain by quartzites and unconsolidated quartz sands and cobbles. Increased SO42- concentrations were most important during storms at Reedy Creek and Fishing Creek Tributary, but organic anions (inferred by anion deficit) were also a factor in causing the loss of ANC. Dilution of base cations was the most important factor in the loss of ANC at Shelter Run. Both increased sulfate and dilution of base flow were important in causing the episodic acidification at Hunting Creek. The role of SO42- in contributing to episodic acidification in these watersheds is similar to that documented in studies conducted in other regions of the United States, Scandinavia, Canada, and the United Kingdom. The importance of SO42- in mid-Atlantic United States streams contrasts with northeastern United States streams, in which increased NO3- derived from snowpack is more important in causing episodic acidification. Results support the importance of shallow subsurface processes in determining storm flow chemistry, regional climatic characteristics in determining the different sources of acidity during episodes, and the importance of bedrock geology in determining the amount of ANC loss. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903. RP OBRIEN, AK (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR,12201 SUNRISE VALLEY DR,MAIL STOP 432,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. RI Rice, Karen/A-8945-2013; OI Rice, Karen/0000-0002-9356-5443 NR 51 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 29 IS 9 BP 3029 EP 3039 DI 10.1029/93WR01408 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA LW057 UT WOS:A1993LW05700008 ER PT J AU DELPHEY, PJ DINSMORE, JJ AF DELPHEY, PJ DINSMORE, JJ TI BREEDING BIRD COMMUNITIES OF RECENTLY RESTORED AND NATURAL PRAIRIE POTHOLES SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE PRAIRIE POTHOLE; WETLAND RESTORATION; IOWA; BREEDING BIRD COMMUNITIES; DUCKS; DROUGHT; BROWN-HEADED COWBIRDS; BROOD PARASITISM AB We compared the breeding bird communities of natural and recently restored prairie potholes in northern Iowa in 1989 and 1990. Species richness of breeding birds was higher (P < 0.05) at natural wetlands, although duck pair counts and species richness were not significantly different between wetland types (P > 0.1). Common yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas), red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus), marsh wren (Cistothorus palustris), and swamp sparrow (Melospiza georgiana) were each more abundant at natural than at restored wetlands during at least one year (P < 0.05). Brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) parasitized a significantly greater proportion of red-winged blackbird nests at natural than at restored wetlands. Incomplete development of typical vegetation structure evidently depresses bird species richness at recently restored prairie potholes. Drought the year before and during the first year of our study undoubtedly affected our results. Similar studies should be conducted during periods of relatively high precipitation to complement our results. RP DELPHEY, PJ (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,620 S WALKER ST,BLOOMINGTON,IN 47403, USA. NR 0 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 16 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD SEP PY 1993 VL 13 IS 3 BP 200 EP 206 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LY474 UT WOS:A1993LY47400007 ER PT J AU POWELL, AN AF POWELL, AN TI NESTING HABITAT OF BELDING SAVANNA SPARROWS IN COASTAL SALT MARSHES SO WETLANDS LA English DT Note DE BELDING SAVANNA SPARROW; SALT MARSH; NESTING HABITAT; ENDANGERED SPECIES AB Although the Belding's Savannah sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis beldingi) is listed as endangered in California, little is known about the factors that affect its abundance and distribution. Numbers of breeding pairs, nesting territory sizes, and vegetation characteristics were measured at fourteen study plots in two southern California coastal wetlands, Tijuana Estuary and Los Penasquitos Lagoon. Sparrows nested in middle salt marsh habitat in areas of dense pickleweed (Salicornia virginica) or saltgrass (Distichlis spicata). No nesting territories were found in transitional upland or low marsh habitat. Territory sizes were highly variable and significantly larger at Tijuana Estuary. Territory size may be related to nest site availability and water levels at time of establishment. More research is needed on the effects of habitat quality on reproductive success and territory size. RP POWELL, AN (reprint author), SAN DIEGO STATE UNIV,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL WETLANDS RES CTR,237 N LIFE SCI BLDG,SAN DIEGO,CA 92182, USA. OI Powell, Abby/0000-0002-9783-134X NR 0 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD SEP PY 1993 VL 13 IS 3 BP 219 EP 223 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LY474 UT WOS:A1993LY47400009 ER PT J AU LOKEMOEN, JT WOODWARD, RO AF LOKEMOEN, JT WOODWARD, RO TI AN ASSESSMENT OF PREDATOR BARRIERS AND PREDATOR CONTROL TO ENHANCE DUCK NEST SUCCESS ON PENINSULAS SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID NORTH-DAKOTA; WATERFOWL; ISLANDS RP LOKEMOEN, JT (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NO PRAIRIE WILDLIFE RES CTR,JAMESTOWN,ND 58401, USA. NR 27 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 1993 VL 21 IS 3 BP 275 EP 282 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA MF946 UT WOS:A1993MF94600008 ER PT J AU HAUKOS, DA SMITH, LM AF HAUKOS, DA SMITH, LM TI MOIST-SOIL MANAGEMENT OF PLAYA LAKES FOR MIGRATING AND WINTERING DUCKS SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; NEW-MEXICO; RECRUITMENT; WETLANDS; MALLARDS; PINTAILS; TEXAS RP HAUKOS, DA (reprint author), TEXAS TECH UNIV,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,DEPT RANGE & WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT,LUBBOCK,TX 79409, USA. NR 39 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 1993 VL 21 IS 3 BP 288 EP 298 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA MF946 UT WOS:A1993MF94600010 ER PT J AU SOLBERT, KL HIGGINS, KF AF SOLBERT, KL HIGGINS, KF TI EFFECTS OF GLYPHOSATE HERBICIDE ON CATTAILS, INVERTEBRATES, AND WATERFOWL IN SOUTH-DAKOTA WETLANDS SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES; BREEDING WATERFOWL; NORTH-DAKOTA; DECOMPOSITION; RESPONSES; HABITAT; DUCKS; MARSH C1 S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT WILDLIFE & FISHERIES SCI,BROOKINGS,SD 57007. S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,S DAKOTA COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,BROOKINGS,SD 57007. NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 1993 VL 21 IS 3 BP 299 EP 307 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA MF946 UT WOS:A1993MF94600011 ER PT J AU CRONIN, MA AF CRONIN, MA TI MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA IN WILDLIFE TAXONOMY AND CONSERVATION BIOLOGY - CAUTIONARY NOTES SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASES; GENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; SEQUENCE RELATEDNESS; MULE DEER; EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS; SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY; BLACK DUCKS; HYBRIDIZATION C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ALASKA FISH & WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANCHORAGE,AK 99503. NR 63 TC 69 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 1993 VL 21 IS 3 BP 339 EP 348 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA MF946 UT WOS:A1993MF94600016 ER PT J AU HEUER, ET AF HEUER, ET TI YOUNG,STEPHEN,JAMES, 1950-1992 - OBITUARY SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Item About an Individual RP HEUER, ET (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,YUKON FLATS NATL WILDLIFE REFUGE,FAIRBANKS,AK 99701, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 1993 VL 21 IS 3 BP 361 EP 362 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA MF946 UT WOS:A1993MF94600020 ER PT J AU BANKO, PC WILLIAMS, J AF BANKO, PC WILLIAMS, J TI EGGS, NESTS, AND NESTING-BEHAVIOR OF AKIAPOLAAU (DREPANIDINAE) SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID HAWAIIAN HONEYCREEPER; LAYSAN FINCH AB We describe the fifth verified nest and first verified egg of the Akiapolaau (Hemignathus munroi), an endangered Hawaiian honeycreeper. We dispute the validity of Bryan's (1905a) description of three eggs and two nests of the Akiapolaau. Eggs that he attributed to this species were much smaller than ours, and his nest descriptions did not match the only nest apparently belonging to the Akiapolaau in the B. P. Bishop Museum in Honolulu, where Bryan worked. Twigs and bark were distinctively combined in the nest that we examined. We compare eggs and nests of the Akiapolaau with those of other Hawaiian honeycreepers. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20240. UNIV WASHINGTON,COLL FOREST RESOURCES AR10,WILDLIFE SCI GRP,SEATTLE,WA 98195. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 105 IS 3 BP 427 EP 435 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA LX765 UT WOS:A1993LX76500004 ER PT J AU VARLAND, DE LOUGHIN, TM AF VARLAND, DE LOUGHIN, TM TI REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS OF AMERICAN KESTRELS NESTING ALONG AN INTERSTATE HIGHWAY IN CENTRAL IOWA SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID BOXES AB We studied the reproductive success of American Kestrels (Falco sparverius) nesting in nest boxes attached to the backs of highway signs along Interstate 35 (1-35) in central Iowa, 1988-1992. Nest box occupancy averaged 45.1%. All nest boxes faced either north or south, and there was no significant association between nest box occupancy and nest box orientation. European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) built nests in almost every nest box not occupied by kestrels. Apparent nesting success, the percentage of nests fledging at least one young, averaged 68.9%. There was no significant association between apparent nesting success and nest box orientation. Using the Mayfield method, we detected a significantly lower probability of survival during the incubation stage than during the brood-rearing stage. Clutch size averaged 4.8 over the five years of the study, and mean hatching success was 62.5%. Mean brood size was 3.1, and mean number of young in a brood to fledge was 2.9 (90.9% fledging success). The kestrels in this study had reproductive success similar to that of kestrels nesting in nest boxes in other areas of North America. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,IOWA COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT CARDIOVASC DIS,AMES,IA 50011. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 105 IS 3 BP 465 EP 474 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA LX765 UT WOS:A1993LX76500008 ER PT J AU DEVANNEY, KF STANTON, RW AF DEVANNEY, KF STANTON, RW TI THE NEED FOR STANDARDIZATION OF VITRINITE REFLECTANCE MEASUREMENTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USX CORP,UEC COAL & COKE LAB,MONROEVILLE,PA 15146. US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 3 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32101635 ER PT J AU LAW, BE AF LAW, BE TI GEOLOGIC IMPLICATIONS OF NONLINEAR VITRINITE REFLECTANCE WELL PROFILES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,PETR GEOL BRANCH,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 18 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32101650 ER PT J AU BARKER, CE AF BARKER, CE TI CALIBRATION OF A VITRINITE REFLECTANCE GEOTHERMOMETER USING PEAK TEMPERATURE DATA FROM FLUID INCLUSIONS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 19 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32101651 ER PT J AU HOUSEKNECHT, DW AF HOUSEKNECHT, DW TI ROTATIONAL REFLECTANCE OF DISPERSED VITRINITE IN HIGH THERMAL MATURITY SAMPLES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 27 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32101659 ER PT J AU LEWAN, MD AF LEWAN, MD TI HYDROCARBON-GAS GENERATION FROM DIFFERENT KEROGEN TYPES SUBJECTED TO HYDROUS PYROLYSIS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 32 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32101664 ER PT J AU PRICE, LC AF PRICE, LC TI ON THE ORIGIN OF DRY-GAS DEPOSITS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 37 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32101669 ER PT J AU NICHOLSON, AD GOLDHABER, MB AF NICHOLSON, AD GOLDHABER, MB TI THE RATE AND CONTOL OF H2S GENERATION, WHITNEY CANYON-CARTER CREEK FIELD, WYOMING SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 PTI ENVIRONM SERV,BOULDER,CO 80303. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 49 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32101681 ER PT J AU SEIDEL, JL WILLS, CG AF SEIDEL, JL WILLS, CG TI ENVIRONMENTAL AND CHEMICAL EDUCATION OPPORTUNITIES AT THE ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION-AGENCY NETI-WEST FACILITY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,NEIC,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 51 EP CHED PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100678 ER PT J AU RICE, DD EKWEOZOR, CM AF RICE, DD EKWEOZOR, CM TI OCCURRENCE AND ORIGIN OF NATURAL GASES, NIGER-DELTA, NIGERIA SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DFC,DENVER,CO 80225. UNIV IBADAN,IBADAN,NIGERIA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 53 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32101685 ER PT J AU COLLETT, TS AF COLLETT, TS TI GEOCHEMISTRY OF NATURAL-GAS HYDRATES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 81 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32101713 ER PT J AU COLE, RD DAUB, GJ DYNI, JR AF COLE, RD DAUB, GJ DYNI, JR TI POTENTIAL METHANE RESOURCES IN GREEN RIVER OIL-SHALE, COLORADO SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNOCAL CORP,BREA,CA. DAUB & ASSOCIATES,GRAND JCT,CO. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 82 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32101714 ER PT J AU DODD, CK AF DODD, CK TI COST-OF-LIVING IN AN UNPREDICTABLE ENVIRONMENT - THE ECOLOGY OF STRIPED NEWTS NOTOPHTHALMUS-PERSTRIATUS DURING A PROLONGED DROUGHT SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID TEMPORARY-POND; VIRIDESCENS RAFINESQUE; FLORIDA SANDHILLS; UNITED-STATES; SPOTTED NEWT; POPULATIONS; DENSITY; RECONSTRUCTION; FLUCTUATIONS; DORSALIS AB I studied a striped newt (Notophthalmus perstriatus) population for 62.5 months from 1985 through 1990 at a temporary pond in uplands habitat of north-central Florida. A severe drought affected northern Florida during the study, and the pond held water for a total of only 14 months. Data on size structure, activity patterns, and reproduction are based on more than 2500 captures. Most newts were captured in 1986 and 1987 when water occasionally filled the pond. Striped newts entered the pond any time from late autumn through late spring depending on rainfall. If water was present, they remained until it dried. If water was absent, they emigrated but returned if rains occurred later in the season. At Breezeway Pond, larvae transformed only during the spring of 1987 and few metamorphosed juveniles were captured. The size structure of the newt population initially was unimodal, but, as the drought continued, the structure shifted toward larger individuals. A decline in the breeding population occurred from 1988 through 1990 as drought severity increased. I suggest that the lack of a clearly defined sex differential during immigration and the extended annual activity period allow adult striped newts to maximally exploit temporary breeding habitats that are available randomly both within and between years. RP DODD, CK (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL ECOL RES CTR,412 NE 16TH AVE,ROOM 250,GAINESVILLE,FL 32601, USA. NR 41 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS BUSINESS OFFICE PI CARBONDALE PA SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIV, DEPT ZOOLOGY, CARBONDALE, IL 62901-6501 SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD AUG 18 PY 1993 IS 3 BP 605 EP 614 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA LU363 UT WOS:A1993LU36300003 ER PT J AU NEWHALL, C PUNONGBAYAN, RS AF NEWHALL, C PUNONGBAYAN, RS TI HELP WANTED SO NATURE LA English DT Letter C1 PHILIPPINE INST VOLCANOL & SEISMOL,QUEZON,PHILIPPINES. RP NEWHALL, C (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MAIL STOP 959,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 12 PY 1993 VL 364 IS 6438 BP 568 EP 568 DI 10.1038/364568b0 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA LR771 UT WOS:A1993LR77100016 ER PT J AU PACES, JB MILLER, JD AF PACES, JB MILLER, JD TI PRECISE U-PB AGES OF DULUTH COMPLEX AND RELATED MAFIC INTRUSIONS, NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA - GEOCHRONOLOGICAL INSIGHTS TO PHYSICAL, PETROGENETIC, PALEOMAGNETIC, AND TECTONOMAGMATIC PROCESSES ASSOCIATED WITH THE 1.1 GA MIDCONTINENT RIFT SYSTEM SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID LAKE-SUPERIOR REGION; FLOOD BASALTS; SEISMIC-REFLECTION; RAPID ERUPTION; MAGNETIC DATA; HOT-SPOT; ROCKS; BENEATH; GRAVITY; EVOLUTION AB Precise resolution of the timing of igneous activity is crucial to understanding the dynamic processes associated with continental rifting. Mafic intrusive rocks constitute a major portion of the exposed 1100 Ma (Keweenawan) Midcontinent Rift system in northeastern Minnesota; however, prior to this study, geochronological data were insufficient to allow rigorous interpretation of intrusive histories and their relationships to extrusive suites. Eight anorthositic and gabbroic intrusives were chosen to represent both the temporal and spatial ranges of plutonic activity that formed the Duluth Complex and related mafic intrusions. U-Pb isotopic analyses from zircons and baddeleyites result in U-Pb concordant ages with little or no ambiguity introduced by inherited components, Pb loss or common Pb. The earliest Keweenawan plutonism exposed in Minnesota occurs along the northeastern flank of the Duluth Complex as a series of layered gabbros (Nathan's layered series) emplaced at 1106.9 +/- 0.6 Ma. This sequence of gabbro sheets shares temporal, spatial, and compositional similarities with the nearby Logan sills in Ontario. Four Duluth Complex anorthositic and troctolitic series samples from widely separated areas have unresolvable ages between 1099.3 +/- 0.3 and 1098.6 +/- 0.5 Ma, indicating a very short duration for peak intrusive activity (0.5-1 m.y.). The unresolvable ages between anorthositic and troctolitic plutons suggest that these two magma series are more closely related than previously modeled and argue strongly for the need to reexamine their fundamental petrogenetic relationships. These dates also imply that the major reverse-to-normal magnetic polarity switch, used throughout the rift system as an important correlation tool, occurred prior to 1099 Ma. This date is several million years earlier than previously suspected and emphasizes the need for further paleomagnetic and geochronological data from the overlying volcanics. Much of the hypabyssal intrusive suite within the volcanic pile overlying Duluth Complex plutons may be significantly younger than the main pulse of plutonic activity. Two hypabyssal bodies, the Sonju Lake intrusion and gabbro at Silver Bay, were emplaced at 1096. 1 +/- 0.8 Ma and 1095.8 +/- 1.2 Ma, respectively. Dates reported here and in previous studies support the concept of episodic tectonomagmatic rift development where magmatism was apparently concentrated in episodes of short duration (<1-3 m.y.) interspersed with longer hiatuses (2-8 m.y.). C1 MINNESOTA GEOL SURVEY,ST PAUL,MN 55114. RP PACES, JB (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,BOX 25046,MS 963,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 69 TC 673 Z9 684 U1 4 U2 29 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD AUG 10 PY 1993 VL 98 IS B8 BP 13997 EP 14013 DI 10.1029/93JB01159 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA LT337 UT WOS:A1993LT33700012 ER PT J AU QUICK, JE DENLINGER, RP AF QUICK, JE DENLINGER, RP TI DUCTILE DEFORMATION AND THE ORIGIN OF LAYERED GABBRO IN OPHIOLITES SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID OMAN OPHIOLITE; SAMAIL OPHIOLITE; OCEANIC-CRUST; MAGMA CHAMBER; PLUTONIC SEQUENCE; SPREADING AXES; SUMAIL NAPPE; MANTLE; FLOW; PERIDOTITES AB Layered gabbros in ophiolites have been commonly interpreted in terms of crystallization beneath oceanic spreading centers in magma chambers up to 30 km wide and 3-6 km deep. Although large, steady state magma chambers provide a possible explanation for the limited diversity of mid-ocean ridge basalts, their existence is not supported by geophysical observations. Sinton and Detrick (1992) recently reviewed seismic data from oceanic spreading centers and concluded that there is little evidence for steady state magma chambers beneath slow spreading ridges and that fast spreading ridges appear to be underlain by small (1-4 km wide) magma chambers perched on large (approximately 8 km wide) zones of low-velocity material, which are interpreted to consist of partially molten crystal cumulates. In this paper, we compare the geology of the gabbroic rocks of the Samail ophiolite, which is thought to have formed by fast spreading, with results of a finite element analysis of the Sinton-Detrick model for fast spreading centers. Our results demonstrate that flow, similar to that postulated by Sleep [1975], within a thick zone of cumulates during crustal extension could produce orientations of foliation and layering approximating those observed in the Samail gabbros. As a consequence of this deformation, (1) layers deposited on the floor of the magma chamber will be deformed and rotated into upwardly concave shapes that dip toward die spreading center; (2) die gross fabric defined by these orientations may greatly exceed the dimensions of the deforming regime, let alone the magma chamber (3) feeder dikes that penetrate the cumulate pile near the spreading axis will be rotated into parallel with the layering, but those that invade farther from the ridge will be lm deformed and retain crosscutting relationships; and (4) total deviatoric strain should increase down section toward the Moho so that primary magmatic structures and textures will be modified or obliterated in the lowermost gabbros. Upward migration of melts through the subsiding and deforming crystal mush may damp out cryptic varition in dhe gabbros and help maintain the magma chamber in a compositional steady state. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERV,HAWAII NATL PK,HI 96718. RP QUICK, JE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,CTR FED,MAIL STOP 903,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 74 TC 110 Z9 111 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD AUG 10 PY 1993 VL 98 IS B8 BP 14015 EP 14027 DI 10.1029/93JB00698 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA LT337 UT WOS:A1993LT33700013 ER PT J AU SUZUKIKAMATA, K KAMATA, H BACON, CR AF SUZUKIKAMATA, K KAMATA, H BACON, CR TI EVOLUTION OF THE CALDERA-FORMING ERUPTION AT CRATER LAKE, OREGON, INDICATED BY COMPONENT ANALYSIS OF LITHIC FRAGMENTS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID CALCALKALINE MAGMA CHAMBER; MOUNT-MAZAMA; EXPLOSIVE ERUPTIONS; FLOW AB Crater Lake caldera (8 x 10 km), formed 6845 years B.P. (C-14 age) during the climactic eruption of the volcanic edifice known as Mount Mazama, is intermediate in size between small calderas associated with central vent eruptions and large calderas that have ring fracture vent systems. Our quantitative study of lithic fragments in the ejecta confirms the existing model of changes in vent configuration during the climactic eruption of Mount Mazama. Initial activity was from a single vent that produced a rhyodacite pumice fall from a Plinian column. Altered preexisting volcanic rocks are the predominant lithic type in the Plinian deposit, and their extensive hydrothermal alteration is considered as evidence of their relatively deep origin. The Wineglass Welded Tuff lies atop the Plinian deposit and contains a higher proportion of fresh volcanic rocks, suggesting enlargement of the single vent by slumping of its walls. This same vent enlargement caused the Plinian eruption column to collapse and feed valley-hugging pyroclastic flows that deposited the Wineglass Welded Tuff. When enough material was erupted from the shallow magma chamber that its roof was no longer adequately supported, Mount Mazama collapsed to form the caldera, while highly energetic pyroclastic flows produced the climactic ignimbrite. A lag breccia that represents the proximal facies of the compositionally zoned climactic ignimbrite lies atop the Wineglass Welded Tuff and contains predominantly altered volcanic rocks of deeper origin, accompanied by minor granitoids from the magma chamber walls. Azimuthal differences in lithic component proportions in the lag breccia correlate well with the geology of the caldera walls, indicating that the climactic ignimbrite was ejected by multiple vents along a ring fracture system. Systematic lithic component changes within the lag breccia suggest different quarrying levels that reflect waxing and waning of the discharge rate during the caldera collapse phase of the climactic eruption. Our lithic component analysis demonstrates that calderas that may be too small to experience structural resurgence, such as Crater Lake, nevertheless may form by syneruptive subsidence along ring fractures. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. GEOL SURVEY JAPAN,OSAKA OFF,CHUO KU,OSAKA 540,JAPAN. NR 27 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD AUG 10 PY 1993 VL 98 IS B8 BP 14059 EP 14074 DI 10.1029/93JB00934 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA LT337 UT WOS:A1993LT33700016 ER PT J AU HEKI, K FOULGER, GR JULIAN, BR JAHN, CH AF HEKI, K FOULGER, GR JULIAN, BR JAHN, CH TI PLATE DYNAMICS NEAR DIVERGENT BOUNDARIES - GEOPHYSICAL IMPLICATIONS OF POSTRIFTING CRUSTAL DEFORMATION IN NE ICELAND SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID BASE-LINE INTERFEROMETRY; NORTH ICELAND; MOTIONS AB The bulk of a tectonic plate is thought to move continously at a rate consistent with the geologic average. On the other hand, movements are highly episodic at plate boundaries. We study the plate dynamics that relate to these two different modes by modelling the displacements observed using the global positioning system in Northeast Iceland 1987-1990. These observations were made about 10 years after an episodic divergent movement between the North American and Eurasian plates 1975-1981. The horizontal displacement field fits well a two-dimensional model of postrupture stress relaxation assuming a thin elastic layer overlying a layer of Newtonian viscosity. This analysis indicates values of about 10 m2/s for the stress diffusivity and 0.3-2 X 10(18) Pa s for the Newtonian viscosity of the lower layer. However, no significant correlation exists between the observed and modeled vertical displacements probably because of the relative inaccuracy of the vertical component observations. Assuming that contemporary plate motion is the sum of many displacements that have diffused from boundaries where episodic displacements occur periodically, we simulate the spatial transition from episodic to continuous plate movements. The plate ''boundary zone'' where movements are episodic or quasi-episodic is of the order of 100 km wide, depending on the stress diffusivity (which may be fairly uniform throughout the world) and the frequency of episodic movements. C1 UNIV DURHAM,DEPT GEOL SCI,DURHAM DH1 3HP,ENGLAND. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. UNIV HANNOVER,INST ERDMESSUNG,W-3000 HANNOVER,GERMANY. NR 34 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD AUG 10 PY 1993 VL 98 IS B8 BP 14279 EP 14297 DI 10.1029/93JB00781 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA LT337 UT WOS:A1993LT33700030 ER PT J AU FORTE, AM PELTIER, WR DZIEWONSKI, AM WOODWARD, RL AF FORTE, AM PELTIER, WR DZIEWONSKI, AM WOODWARD, RL TI DYNAMIC SURFACE-TOPOGRAPHY - A NEW INTERPRETATION BASED UPON MANTLE FLOW MODELS DERIVED FROM SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY - REPLY SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Note ID CONTINENTAL TECTOSPHERE; OCEAN-FLOOR C1 US GEOL SURVEY,ALBUQUERQUE SEISMOL LAB,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87115. UNIV TORONTO,DEPT PHYS,TORONTO M5S 1A7,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP FORTE, AM (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,DEPT EARTH & PLANET SCI,20 OXFORD ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. RI Peltier, William/A-1102-2008 NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 6 PY 1993 VL 20 IS 15 BP 1665 EP 1666 DI 10.1029/93GL01488 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA LT387 UT WOS:A1993LT38700038 ER PT J AU MILLER, LG COUTLAKIS, MD OREMLAND, RS WARD, BB AF MILLER, LG COUTLAKIS, MD OREMLAND, RS WARD, BB TI SELECTIVE-INHIBITION OF AMMONIUM OXIDATION AND NITRIFICATION-LINKED N2O FORMATION BY METHYL-FLUORIDE AND DIMETHYL ETHER SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NITROUS-OXIDE PRODUCTION; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; FRESH-WATER; ACETYLENE INHIBITION; NITRIFYING BACTERIA; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; GASEOUS NITROGEN; DENITRIFICATION; NITRATE AB Methyl fluoride (CH3F) and dimethyl ether (DME) inhibited nitrification in washed-cell suspensions of Nitrosomonas europaea and in a variety of oxygenated soils and sediments. Headspace additions of CHF (10% [vol/vol]) and DME (25% [vol/vol]) fully inhibited NO2- and N2O production from NH4+ in incubations of N. europaea, while lower concentrations of these gases resulted in partial inhibition. Oxidation of hydroxylamine (NH2OH) by N. europaea and oxidation of NO2- by a Nitrobacter sp. were unaffected by CHF or DME. In nitrifying soils, CH3F and DME inhibited N2O production. In field experiments with surface flux chambers and intact cores, CH3F reduced the release of N2O from soils to the atmosphere by 20- to 30-fold. Inhibition by CH3F also resulted in decreased NO3- + NO2- levels and increased NH4+ levels in soils. CH3F did not affect patterns of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia in cell suspensions of a nitrate-respiring bacterium, nor did it affect N2O metabolism in denitrifying soils. CHF and DME will be useful in discriminating N2O production via nitrification and denitrification when both processes occur and in decoupling these processes by blocking NO2- and NO3- production. C1 UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ,INST MARINE SCI,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95064. RP MILLER, LG (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 51 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 59 IS 8 BP 2457 EP 2464 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA LP835 UT WOS:A1993LP83500018 PM 16349011 ER PT J AU PHILLIPS, EJP LOVLEY, DR RODEN, EE AF PHILLIPS, EJP LOVLEY, DR RODEN, EE TI COMPOSITION OF NON-MICROBIALLY REDUCIBLE FE(III) IN AQUATIC SEDIMENTS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID FERRIC IRON; ORGANIC-MATTER; REDUCTION AB The production of small quantities of Fe(II) during the initial phase of microbial Fe(II) reduction greatly increased the amount of Fe(III) that could be extracted from freshwater sediments with oxalate. This finding and other evidence suggest that the oxalate-extractable Fe(II) that is unavailable for microbial reduction in anoxic sediments is not in the form of mixed Fe(III)-Fe(II) forms, as was previously suggested, but rather is in the form of highly crystalline Fe(III) oxides. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,430 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 12 TC 75 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 59 IS 8 BP 2727 EP 2729 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA LP835 UT WOS:A1993LP83500059 PM 16349027 ER PT J AU LYDY, MJ LANDRUM, PF AF LYDY, MJ LANDRUM, PF TI ASSIMILATION EFFICIENCY FOR SEDIMENT-SORBED BENZO(A)PYRENE BY DIPOREIA SPP SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ASSIMILATION EFFICIENCY; SEDIMENT; BAP; DIPOREIA; DIRECT MEASUREMENT METHOD; DUAL-LABELED METHOD ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; DEPOSIT-FEEDING AMPHIPOD; PONTOPOREIA-HOYI; MYSIS-RELICTA; OPOSSUM SHRIMP; INGESTION RATE; TOXICOKINETICS; SELECTION; BIOAVAILABILITY; INVERTEBRATES AB Two methods are currently available for determining contaminant assimilation efficiencies (AE) from ingested material in benthic invertebrates. These methods were compared using the Great Lakes amphipod Diporeia spp. and [C-14]benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) sorbed to Florissant sediment (< 63 mum). The first approach, the direct measurement method, uses total organic carbon as a tracer and yielded AE values ranging from 45.9-60.4%. The second approach, the dual-labeled method, uses Cr-51 as a non-assimilated tracer and did not yield AE values for our data. The inability of the dual-labeled approach to estimate AEs was due, in part, to the selective feeding by Diporeia resulting in a failure of the non-assimilated tracer (Cr-51) to track with the assimilated tracer ([C-14]BaP). The failure of the dual-labeled approach was not a result of an uneven distribution of the labels among particle size classes, but more likely resulted from differential sorption of the two isotopically labeled materials to particles of differing composition. The [C-14]BaP apparently sorbs to organic particles that are selectively ingested, while the Cr-51 apparently sorbs to particles which are selectively excluded by Diporeia. The dual-labeled approach would be a viable and easier experimental approach for determining AE values if the characteristics that govern selective feeding can be determined. C1 NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,ANN ARBOR,MI. RP LYDY, MJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,5957 LAKESIDE BLVD,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46278, USA. NR 43 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 26 IS 3-4 BP 209 EP 224 DI 10.1016/0166-445X(93)90031-U PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA LT011 UT WOS:A1993LT01100005 ER PT J AU BUHL, KJ HAMILTON, SJ SCHMULBACH, JC AF BUHL, KJ HAMILTON, SJ SCHMULBACH, JC TI CHRONIC TOXICITY OF THE BROMOXYNIL FORMULATION BUCTRIL(R) TO DAPHNIA-MAGNA EXPOSED CONTINUOUSLY AND INTERMITTENTLY SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIFE-TABLES; FENVALERATE; SURVIVAL; REPRODUCTION; STRAUS; GROWTH; COPPER; WATER; CYCLE; TESTS AB Two chronic toxicity tests were conducted in which Daphnia magna were either continuously or intermittently exposed to bromoxynil octanoate (BO; as Buctril(R)) for 28 d. In the intermittent exposure test, daphnids were exposed to daily pulses of BO with 24-h mean concentrations equal to those in the continuous exposure test, and the peak concentrations were three times the 24-h mean values. After 28 d of continuous exposure to BO, survival of daphnids was reduced at 80 mug/L, whereas mean number of young per adult, intrinsic rate of natural increase, and mean weight of adults were all reduced at greater-than-or-equal-to 40 mug/L. Intermittent exposures to daily pulses of BO for 28 d caused reduced survival of daphnids at 24-h mean concentrations greater-than-or-equal-to 40 mug/L and reduced mean number of young per adult, intrinsic rate of natural increase, and mean weight of adults at 24-h mean concentrations greater-than-or-equal-to 20 mug/L. The estimated geometric mean-maximum acceptable toxicant concentrations of BO based on 24-h mean nominal values were 28 mug/L for continuous exposures and 14 mug/L for intermittent exposures. These results demonstrated that continuous-exposure studies may not be adequate in assessing herbicide toxicity to aquatic biota when concentrations fluctuate temporally. C1 UNIV S DAKOTA,DEPT BIOL,VERMILLION,SD 57069. RP BUHL, KJ (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES CTR,FIELD RES STN,RR 1 BOX 295,YANKTON,SD 57078, USA. NR 51 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 25 IS 2 BP 152 EP 159 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA LH965 UT WOS:A1993LH96500002 ER PT J AU MAYER, FL WOODWARD, DF ADAMS, WJ AF MAYER, FL WOODWARD, DF ADAMS, WJ TI CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PYDRAUL-50E TO LAKE TROUT SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES CTR,JACKSON FIELD STN,JACKSON,WY 83001. ABC LABS INC,COLUMBIA,MO 65205. RP MAYER, FL (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,SABINE ISL,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 51 IS 2 BP 289 EP 295 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA LF933 UT WOS:A1993LF93300018 PM 8353394 ER PT J AU GORI, PL AF GORI, PL TI THE SOCIAL DYNAMICS OF A FALSE EARTHQUAKE PREDICTION AND THE RESPONSE BY THE PUBLIC-SECTOR SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB The central United States and the nation experienced the effects of a false, pseudoscientific, unofficial prediction in 1990. The lack of a timely, public rebuttal of the Iben Browning earthquake prediction led to tremendous unnecessary efforts by local, state, and federal governments to respond to the public's demand for information about the validity of the prediction and how to prepare for the predicted earthquake. The effort was costly both in terms of money and diversion of staff from other necessary services. Although the prediction may have increased the level of earthquake awareness and preparedness in the central U.S., that awareness and preparedness may have been forged at the expense of scientific and government credibility. RP GORI, PL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,922 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 83 IS 4 BP 963 EP 980 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA LN635 UT WOS:A1993LN63500001 ER PT J AU WALD, DJ KANAMORI, H HELMBERGER, DV HEATON, TH AF WALD, DJ KANAMORI, H HELMBERGER, DV HEATON, TH TI SOURCE STUDY OF THE 1906 SAN-FRANCISCO EARTHQUAKE SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID STRONG MOTION RECORDS; 1979 IMPERIAL-VALLEY; 1984 MORGAN-HILL; ANDREAS FAULT; STRAIN ACCUMULATION; RUPTURE HISTORY; GROUND MOTION; CALIFORNIA; INVERSION AB All quality teleseismic recordings of the great 1906 San Francisco earthquake archived in the 1908 Carnegie Report by the State Earthquake Investigation Commission were scanned and digitized. First order results were obtained by comparing complexity and amplitudes of teleseismic waveforms from the 1906 earthquake with well calibrated, similarly located, more recent earthquakes (1979 Coyote Lake, 1984 Morgan Hill, and 1989 Loma Prieta earthquakes) at nearly co-located modern stations. Peak amplitude ratios for calibration events indicated that a localized moment release of about 1 to 1.5 X 10(27) dyne-cm was responsible for producing the peak the teleseismic body wave arrivals. At longer periods (50 to 80 sec), we found spectral amplitude ratios of the surface waves require a total moment release between 4 and 6 X 10(27) dyne-cm for the 1906 earthquake, comparable to previous geodetic and surface wave estimates (Thatcher, 1975). We then made a more detailed source analysis using Morgan Hill S body waves as empirical Green's Functions in a finite fault subevent summation. The Morgan Hill earthquake was deemed most appropriate for this purpose as its mechanism is that of the 1906 earthquake in the central portion of the rupture. From forward and inverse empirical summations of Morgan Hill Green's functions, we obtained a good fit to the best quality teleseismic waveforms with a relatively simple source model having two regions of localized strong radiation separated spatially by about 110 km. Assuming the 1906 epicenter determined by Bolt (1968), this corresponds with a large asperity (on the order of the Loma Prieta earthquake) in the Golden Gate / San Francisco region and one about three times larger located northwest along strike between Point Reyes and Fort Ross. This model implies that much of the 1906 rupture zone may have occurred with relatively little 10 to 20 sec radiation. Consideration of the amplitude and frequency content of the 1906 teleseismic data allowed us to estimate the scale length of the largest asperity to be less than about 40 km. With rough constraints on the largest asperity (size and magnitude) we produced a suite of estimated synthetic ground velocities assuming a slip distribution similar to that of the Loma Prieta earthquake but with three times as much slip. For purposes of comparison with the recent, abundant Loma Prieta strong motion data set, we ''moved'' the largest 1906 asperity into Loma Prieta region. Peak ground velocity amplitudes are substantially greater than those recorded during the Loma Prieta earthquake, and are comparable to those predicted by the attenuation relationship of Joyner and Boore (1988) for a magnitude M(w) = 7.7 earthquake. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,PASADENA,CA. RP WALD, DJ (reprint author), CALTECH,SEISMOL LAB 25221,PASADENA,CA 91125, USA. OI Wald, David/0000-0002-1454-4514 NR 36 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 9 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 83 IS 4 BP 981 EP 1019 PG 39 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA LN635 UT WOS:A1993LN63500002 ER PT J AU FRANKEL, A AF FRANKEL, A TI 3-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATIONS OF GROUND MOTIONS IN THE SAN-BERNARDINO VALLEY, CALIFORNIA, FOR HYPOTHETICAL EARTHQUAKES ON THE SAN-ANDREAS FAULT SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID WAVES; BASIN AB Three-dimensional finite difference simulations of elastic waves in the San Bernardino Valley were performed for two hypothetical earthquakes on the San Andreas fault: a point source with moment magnitude M5 and an extended rupture with M6.5. A method is presented for incorporating a source with arbitrary focal mechanism in the grid. Synthetics from the 3-D simulations are compared with those derived from 2-D (vertical cross section) and 1-D (flat-layered) models. The synthetic seismograms from the 3-D and 2-D simulations exhibit large surface waves produced by conversion of incident S waves at the edge of the basin. Seismograms from the flat-layered model do not contain these converted surface waves and underestimate the duration of shaking. The seismograms from the 3-D simulations have larger amplitude coda than do the seismograms from the 2-D case because of the presence of off-azimuth surface wave arrivals in the 3-D simulations that are not included in th: 2-D simulations. Snapshots of the wavefield of the 3-D simulation show that these off-azimuth arrivals represent surface waves reflected from the edges of the basin. The anelastic attenuation of the sediments is a key parameter controlling the overall duration of motion. Some of the coda energy at rock sites near the basin edges represents leakage of surface wave energy out of the basin. For the M6.5 earthquake simulation, the largest ground velocities occur where surface waves reflected from the edge of the basin interfere constructively with the trapped waves that follow the direct S-wave. Maps of maximum ground velocity are produced for two directions of rupture propagation. The largest velocities occur in localized portions of the basin. The location of the largest velocities changes with the rupture propagation direction. Contours of maximum shaking are also dependent on asperity positions and radiation pattern. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 23 TC 102 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 83 IS 4 BP 1020 EP 1041 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA LN635 UT WOS:A1993LN63500003 ER PT J AU COCCO, M BOATWRIGHT, J AF COCCO, M BOATWRIGHT, J TI THE ENVELOPES OF ACCELERATION TIME HISTORIES SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID HIGH-FREQUENCY RADIATION; 1979 IMPERIAL-VALLEY; GROUND MOTION; STRESS DROP; EARTHQUAKE; ACCELEROGRAMS; CALIFORNIA; VELOCITY; MODELS AB We derive an analytical model for the envelope of the time history of the acceleration radiated by a dynamic rupture process. The critical element of the model is the stochastic assumption that the acceleration pulses radiated by different fault areas or by different sections of the rupture front arrive incoherently al any observer. The model for the resulting acceleration envelope depends on the square root of the line integral, evaluated over the isochrone, of the square of the product of the dynamic stress drop and a high-frequency radiation pattern that incorporates both directivity and diffraction. By evaluating the maximum of this envelope for simple rupture geometries, we predict the variation of peak acceleration with source size and recording bandwidth for earthquakes from M(L) almost-equal-to -1 to 6. We also test the analytic model for the envelope using numerical sources that exhibit both smooth and rough rupture growth, fitting the acceleration envelopes of the rough rupture models slightly better than the envelopes of the smooth rupture models. Finally, we propose and test a deconvolutional technique that fits the squared acceleration envelope from a large earthquake as the sum of squared acceleration envelopes recorded from a small earthquake. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP COCCO, M (reprint author), IST NAZL GEOFIS,VIA DI VIGNA MURATA 605,I-00193 ROME,ITALY. RI Cocco, Massimo/G-6872-2012 NR 27 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 83 IS 4 BP 1095 EP 1114 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA LN635 UT WOS:A1993LN63500007 ER PT J AU WHITE, RA HARLOW, DH AF WHITE, RA HARLOW, DH TI DESTRUCTIVE UPPER-CRUSTAL EARTHQUAKES OF CENTRAL-AMERICA SINCE 1900 SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LARGE SHALLOW EARTHQUAKES; GUATEMALA EARTHQUAKE; PLATE MOTIONS; MAGNITUDES AB We have compiled a catalog of 51 destructive upper-crustal earthquakes in Central America since 1900. An event is included if it caused casualties or heavy damage of Modified Mercalli (MM) intensity > VII. All events larger than magnitude M(s) 5.7 are found to be destructive. We believe the catalog is complete for events of M(s) greater-than-or-equal-to 6 along the volcanic front. The catalog includes estimates of epicentral coordinates, depth, magnitude, and casualties for all events and presents MM intensity VII contours for most events. Data in this catalog place severe constraints on the spatial, temporal, and magnitude distribution of destructive upper-crustal earthquakes in Central America. The catalog contains 30 events of M(s) greater-than-or-equal-to 6. Depths of well-constrained mainshock hypocenters range from 5 to 15 km. The most striking feature of the catalog is the spatial alignment along the volcanic front of 23 of the 30 events; volcanic-front earthquake-source mechanisms for such events show east west tension and are compatible with a model of the volcanic front as a zone of right-lateral strike-slip faulting. Volcanic-front earthquake magnitudes do not exceed M(s) 6.5, except in southeastern Guatemala where they reach M(s) 6.9; maximum earthquake magnitudes are apparently related to the distance between adjacent Holocene volcanic centers. Destructive events occur at offsets in the volcanic chain as isolated mainshock-aftershock sequences. However, within linear segments, destructive earthquakes have a strong tendency to cluster and are often preceded by significant foreshock activity. Although the volcanic front is the locus of both destructive earthquakes and volcanism, we find no temporal correlation between the two. Of the seven events of M(s) greater-than-or-equal-to 6 that did not originate near the volcanic front, six originated near the transcurrent Caribbean-North American plate boundary, including the M(s) 7.5 Guatemala earthquake of 1976. Along the volcanic front, destructive upper-crustal earthquakes have occurred at a rate of about one event every 2 1/2 years during this century, much more frequently than along either the Caribbean-North American plate boundary or the subduction zone. In Central America since 1900, about 17,000 people have died from volcanic-front earthquakes, but only about 2000 people are known to have died from subduction-zone earthquakes. Although subduction zone earthquakes can have larger magnitudes and produce more widespread damage, destructive volcanic-front earthquakes pose the greater hazard because they are more frequent and originate much closer to the bulk of Central America's population, which is concentrated along the volcanic front. RP WHITE, RA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,OFF EARTHQUAKES VOLCANOES & ENGN,234 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MS 977,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 68 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 5 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 83 IS 4 BP 1115 EP 1142 PG 28 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA LN635 UT WOS:A1993LN63500008 ER PT J AU HARLOW, DH WHITE, RA RYMER, MJ ALVAREZ, S AF HARLOW, DH WHITE, RA RYMER, MJ ALVAREZ, S TI THE SAN-SALVADOR EARTHQUAKE OF 10 OCTOBER 1986 AND ITS HISTORICAL CONTEXT SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB The San Salvador earthquake of 10 October 1986 resulted in 1500 deaths, 10,000 injuries, and 100,000 people left homeless. The earthquake has a surface-wave magnitude (M(s)) of 5.4, and using strong-motion data, we estimate a moment magnitude (M6-) of 5.7. Focal mechanisms and aftershock distributions from locally recorded seismic data indicate that the earthquake was caused by near-surface, left-lateral slip on a N25-degrees-E-trending fault located directly beneath the city of San Salvador. Although strong ground motion lasted for only 3 to 5 sec, horizontal ground accelerations of up to 0.72 g were recorded. Seismic amplification by a surficial layer of low-velocity ash may have increased ground accelerations and thereby contributed to damage of adobe as well as engineered structures that seems excessive for such an earthquake magnitude. Since 1700 the city has been severely damaged at least nine times by similar moderate magnitude shallow-focus earthquakes. Such earthquakes are common along the heavily populated Central American volcanic chain and pose a major seismic hazard to numerous cities and towns that share a geologic setting similar to that of San Salvador. C1 MINIST OBRAS PUBL,CTR INVEST GEOTECN,DEPT SISMOL,SAN SALVADOR,EL SALVADOR. RP HARLOW, DH (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,OFF EARTHQUAKES VOLCANOES & ENGN,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MS 977,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 83 IS 4 BP 1143 EP 1154 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA LN635 UT WOS:A1993LN63500009 ER PT J AU MATTOX, TN HELIKER, C KAUAHIKAUA, J HON, K AF MATTOX, TN HELIKER, C KAUAHIKAUA, J HON, K TI DEVELOPMENT OF THE 1990 KALAPANA FLOW-FIELD, KILAUEA VOLCANO, HAWAII SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LAVA FLOW; PAHOEHOE; KILAUEA; KUPAIANAHA; INFLATION; LAVA TUBES; EAST RIFT ZONE AB The 1990 Kalapana flow field is a complex patchwork of tube-fed pahoehoe flows erupted from the Kupaianaha vent at a low effusion rate (approximately 3.5 m3/s). These flows accumulated over an 11-month period on the coastal plain of Kilauea Volcano, where the pre-eruption slope angle was less than 2-degrees. The composite field thickened by the addition of new flows to its surface, as well as by inflation of these flows and flows emplaced earlier. Two major flow types were identified during the development of the flow field: large primary flows and smaller breakouts that extruded from inflated primary flows. Primary flows advanced more quickly and covered new land at a much higher rate than breakouts. The cumulative area covered by breakouts exceeded that of primary flows, although breakouts frequently covered areas already buried by recent flows. Lava tubes established within primary flows were longer-lived than those formed within breakouts and were often reoccupied by lava after a brief hiatus in supply; tubes within breakouts were never reoccupied once the supply was interrupted. During intervals of steady supply from the vent, the daily areal coverage by lava in Kalapana was constant, whereas the forward advance of the flows was sporadic. This implies that planimetric area, rather than flow length, provides the best indicator of effusion rate for pahoehoe flow fields that form on low-angle slopes. RP MATTOX, TN (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERV,HAWAII NATL PK,HI 96718, USA. NR 0 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 55 IS 6 BP 407 EP 413 DI 10.1007/BF00302000 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA LV635 UT WOS:A1993LV63500002 ER PT J AU HOBLITT, RP HARMON, RS AF HOBLITT, RP HARMON, RS TI BIMODAL DENSITY DISTRIBUTION OF CRYPTODOME DACITE FROM THE 1980 ERUPTION OF MOUNT ST-HELENS, WASHINGTON SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MOUNT ST HELENS; DACITE; DENSITY; DOME; VOLATILES; ISOTOPES; MICROSCOPY AB The explosion of a cryptodome at Mount St. Helens in 1980 produced two juvenile rock types that are derived from the same source magma. Their differences-color, texture and density - are due only to vesicularity differences. The vesicular gray dacite comprises about 72% of the juvenile material; the black dacite comprises the other 28%. The density of juvenile dacite is bimodally distributed, with peaks at 1.6 g cm-3 (gray dacite) and 2.3 g cm-3(black dacite). Water contents, deuterium abundances, and the relationship of petrographic structures to vapor-phase crystals indicate both rock types underwent pre-explosion subsurface vesiculation and degassing. The gray dacite underwent a second vesiculation event, probably during the 18 May explosion. In the subsurface, gases probably escaped through interconnected vesicles into the permeable volcanic edifice. We suggest that nonuniform degassing of an initially homogeneous magma produced volatile gradients in the cryptodome and that these gradients were responsible for the density bimodality. That is, water contents less than about 0.2-0.4 wt % produced vesicle growth rates that were slow in comparison to the pyroclast cooling rates; greater water contents produced vesicle growth rates that were fast in comparison to cooling rates. In this scheme, the dacite densities are bimodally distributed simply because, following decompression on 18 May 1980, one clast population vesiculated while the other did not. For clasts that did vesiculate, vesicle growth continued until it was arrested by fragmentation. RP HOBLITT, RP (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,CASCADES VOLCANO OBSERV,5400 MACARTHUR BLVD,VANCOUVER,WA 98661, USA. NR 0 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 55 IS 6 BP 421 EP 437 DI 10.1007/BF00302002 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA LV635 UT WOS:A1993LV63500004 ER PT J AU FERNANDEZ, IJ RUSTAD, LE LAWRENCE, GB AF FERNANDEZ, IJ RUSTAD, LE LAWRENCE, GB TI ESTIMATING TOTAL SOIL MASS, NUTRIENT CONTENT, AND TRACE-METALS IN SOILS UNDER A LOW ELEVATION SPRUCE-FIR FOREST SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FOREST SOILS; SPRUCE-FIR; QUANTITATIVE PITS; SAMPLE SIZE ID LATERAL VARIABILITY; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ORGANIC-MATTER; RED SPRUCE; ECOSYSTEM; NITROGEN; ALUMINUM; CARBON; FLOORS; POOLS AB The concentration, contents, and distribution of nutrients, metals, and soil materials were quantified at the Howland Integrated Forest Study (HIFS) site in eastern Maine. The site is a mature, low-elevation spruce-fir forest on Podzolic soils developed from dense basal till. Standard morphologically based soil sampling and quantitative soil pits were both used to characterize the soil component of this ecosystem. Vertical trends in nutrient concentrations at the site were largely governed by the distribution of organic matter. Standard morphological soil sampling techniques tended to overestimate soil pools of labile cationic nutrients and C, and underestimate trace metals and P, as a result of underestimations of coarse fragment content. These discrepancies can be critical if extrapolations for nutrients, metals, and C are made using existing databases to regional or global scales. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,ALBANY,NY. RP FERNANDEZ, IJ (reprint author), UNIV MAINE,DEPT PLANT SOIL & ENVIRONM SCI,ORONO,ME 04469, USA. NR 31 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 3 PU AGR INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA SUITE 907 151 SLATER ST, OTTAWA ON K1P 5H4, CANADA SN 0008-4271 J9 CAN J SOIL SCI JI Can. J. Soil Sci. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 73 IS 3 BP 317 EP 328 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA LW212 UT WOS:A1993LW21200004 ER PT J AU PIATT, JF FORD, RG AF PIATT, JF FORD, RG TI DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF MARBLED MURRELETS IN ALASKA SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE MURRELET; BRACHYRAMPHUS; POPULATION; ALASKA; OLD-GROWTH; SURVEY; PELAGIC; COLONY ID COUNTING SEABIRDS; SEA; SHIPS AB Most seabirds breed in colonies on offshore islands, but throughout most of their range from California to Alaska Marbled Murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) fly inland to nest on trees in old-growth coniferous forests. Some fraction of the murrelet population nests on the ground in Alaska. The relative distribution and abundance of murrelets in forested and treeless areas of Alaska is poorly known. We analyzed data on seabird abundance at sea and on colonies in Alaska that were obtained under the Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment Program during the 1970s and 1980s. Whereas most seabirds may be censused at breeding colonies, murrelet populations must be estimated from surveys at sea. We compared colony and pelagic population estimates for 13 colonial seabird species in Alaska and found that they were strongly correlated (r2 = 0.94). We therefore used at-sea censuses to estimate that at least 160,000 murrelets reside in Alaska. Most (97%) Marbled Murrelets are concentrated offshore of large tracts of coastal coniferous forests in southeast Alaska (Alexander Archipelago), Prince William Sound, and the Kodiak Archipelago. C1 ECOL CONSULTING INC,PORTLAND,OR 97232. RP PIATT, JF (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ALASKA FISH & WILDLIFE RES CTR,1011 E TUDOR RD,ANCHORAGE,AK 99503, USA. NR 29 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 1993 VL 95 IS 3 BP 662 EP 669 DI 10.2307/1369609 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA LU780 UT WOS:A1993LU78000017 ER PT J AU HAYMON, RM FORNARI, DJ VONDAMM, KL LILLEY, MD PERFIT, MR EDMOND, JM SHANKS, WC LUTZ, RA GREBMEIER, JM CARBOTTE, S WRIGHT, D MCLAUGHLIN, E SMITH, M BEEDLE, N OLSON, E AF HAYMON, RM FORNARI, DJ VONDAMM, KL LILLEY, MD PERFIT, MR EDMOND, JM SHANKS, WC LUTZ, RA GREBMEIER, JM CARBOTTE, S WRIGHT, D MCLAUGHLIN, E SMITH, M BEEDLE, N OLSON, E TI VOLCANIC-ERUPTION OF THE MIDOCEAN RIDGE ALONG THE EAST PACIFIC RISE CREST AT 9-DEGREES-45-52'N - DIRECT SUBMERSIBLE OBSERVATIONS OF SEA-FLOOR PHENOMENA ASSOCIATED WITH AN ERUPTION EVENT IN APRIL, 1991 SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DE-FUCA RIDGE; HYDROTHERMAL FLUIDS; MAGMA CHAMBER; LAVA FLOWS; JUAN; 9-DEGREES-30'N; 21-DEGREES-N; INDICATORS; CHEMISTRY; BEGGIATOA AB In April, 1991, we witnessed from the submersible Alvin a suite of previously undocumented seafloor phenomena accompanying an in-progress eruption of the mid-ocean ridge on the East Pacific Rise crest at 9-degrees-45'N-52'N. The volume of the eruption could not be precisely determined, although comparison of pre- and post-eruption SeaBeam bathymetry indicate that any changes in ridge crest morphology resulting from the eruption were < 10 m high. Effects of the eruption included: (1) increased abundance and redistribution of hydrothermal vents, disappearance of numerous vent communities, and changes in characteristics of vent fauna and mineral deposits within the eruption area since December, 1989; (2) murkiness of bottom waters up to tens of meters above the seafloor due to high densities of suspended mineral and biogenic particulates; (3) destruction of a vent community by lava flows, mass wasting, and possible hydrovolcanic explosion at a site known as 'Tubeworm Barbecue' in the axial summit caldera (ASC) at 9-degrees-50.6'N; (4) near-critical temperatures of hydrothermal vent fluids, ranging up to 403-degrees-C; (5) temporal variations over a 2 week interval in both temperatures and chemical/isotopic compositions of hydrothermal fluids; (6) unusual compositions of end-member vent fluids, with pH values ranging to a record low of 2.5, salinities ranging as low as 0.3 wt% NaCl (one-twelfth that of seawater), and dissolved gases reaching high concentrations (> 65 mmol/l for both CO2 and H2S); (7) venting at temperatures above 380-degrees-C of visually detectable white vapor that transformed to plumes of gray smoke a few centimeters above vent orifices; (8) disorganized venting of both high-temperature fluids (black and gray smoke) and large volumes of cooler, diffuse hydrothermal fluids directly from the basaltic seafloor, rather than from hydrothermal mineral constructions; (9) rapid and extensive growth of flocculent white bacterial mats (species unknown) on and under the seafloor in areas experiencing widespread venting of diffuse hydrothermal fluid: and (10) subseafloor downslope migration of magma normal to the ridge axis in a network of small-scale (1-5 m diameter) lava tubes and channels to distances at least 100-200 m outside the ASC. We suggest that, in April, 1991, intrusion of dikes in the eruption area to < 200 m beneath the ASC floor resulted in phase separation of fluids near the tops of the dikes and a large flux of vapor-rich hydrothermal fluids through the overlying rubbly, cavernous lavas. Low salinities and gas-rich compositions of hydrothermal fluids sampled in the eruption area are appropriate for a vapor phase in a seawater system undergoing subcritical liquid-vapor phase separation (boiling) and phase segregation. Hydrothermal fluids streamed directly from fissures and pits that may have been loci of lava drainback and/or hydrovolcanic explosions. These fissures and pits were lined with white mats of a unique fast-growing bacteria that was the only life associated with the brand-new vents. The prolific bacteria, which covered thousands of square meters on the ridge crest and were also abundant in subseafloor voids, may thrive on high levels of gases in the vapor-rich hydrothermal fluids initially escaping the hydrothermal system. White bacterial particulates swept from the seafloor by hydrothermal vents swirled in an unprecedented biogenic 'blizzard' up to 50 m above the bottom. The bacterial proliferation of April, 1991 is likely to be a transient bloom that will be checked quickly either by decline of dissolved gas concentrations in the fluids as rapid heat loss brings about cessation of boiling, and/or by grazing as other organisms are re-established in the biologically devastated area. C1 UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,INST MARINE SCI,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106. COLUMBIA UNIV,LAMONT DOHERTY EARTH OBSERV,PALISADES,NY 10964. MIT,DEPT EARTH ATMOSPHER & PLANETARY SCI,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. RUTGERS UNIV,INST MARINE & COASTAL SCI,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. UNIV TENNESSEE,GRAD PROGRAM ECOL,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE,DEPT EARTH SCI,DURHAM,NH 03824. UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH OCEANOG,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT GEOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP HAYMON, RM (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,DEPT GEOL SCI,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106, USA. RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011; Grebmeier, Jacqueline/L-9805-2013 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611; Grebmeier, Jacqueline/0000-0001-7624-3568 NR 57 TC 357 Z9 371 U1 3 U2 50 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 119 IS 1-2 BP 85 EP 101 DI 10.1016/0012-821X(93)90008-W PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA LV595 UT WOS:A1993LV59500007 ER PT J AU VIETS, JG HOPKINS, RT MILLER, BM AF VIETS, JG HOPKINS, RT MILLER, BM TI VARIATIONS IN MINOR AND TRACE-METALS IN SPHALERITE FROM MISSISSIPPI VALLEY-TYPE DEPOSITS OF THE OZARK REGION - GENETIC-IMPLICATIONS - REPLY SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Discussion ID FOCUSED FLUID-FLOW; MISSOURI RP VIETS, JG (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,BOX 25046,MAIL STOP 973,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI EL PASO PA UNIV TEXAS AT EL PASO ROOM 202 QUINN HALL, EL PASO, TX 79968 SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 88 IS 5 BP 1281 EP 1284 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA LW392 UT WOS:A1993LW39200018 ER PT J AU CROWE, DE NELSON, SW BROWN, PE SHANKS, WC VALLEY, JW AF CROWE, DE NELSON, SW BROWN, PE SHANKS, WC VALLEY, JW TI GEOLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF VOLCANOGENIC MASSIVE SULFIDE DEPOSITS AND RELATED IGNEOUS ROCKS, PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND, SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA - REPLY SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Article C1 US GEOL SURVEY,ANCHORAGE,AK 99508. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,MADISON,WI 53706. US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR,MAIL STOP 954,RESTON,VA 22092. RP CROWE, DE (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT GEOL,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. RI Valley, John/B-3466-2011 OI Valley, John/0000-0003-3530-2722 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI EL PASO PA UNIV TEXAS AT EL PASO ROOM 202 QUINN HALL, EL PASO, TX 79968 SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 88 IS 5 BP 1285 EP 1288 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA LW392 UT WOS:A1993LW39200020 ER PT J AU PEREIRA, WE HOSTETTLER, FD AF PEREIRA, WE HOSTETTLER, FD TI NONPOINT-SOURCE CONTAMINATION OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND ITS TRIBUTARIES BY HERBICIDES SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEGRADATION PRODUCTS; TRANSPORT; SURFACE; WATERS; ATRAZINE AB A study of the Mississippi River and its tributaries during July-August 1991, October-November 1991, and April-May 1992 has indicated that the entire navigable reach of the river is contaminated with a complex mixture of agrochemicals and their transformation products derived from nonpoint sources. Twenty-three compounds were identified, including triazine, chloroacetanilide, thiocarbamate, phenylurea, pyridazine, and organophosphorus pesticides. The upper and middle Mississippi River Basin farm lands are major sources of herbicides applied to corn, soybeans, and sorghum. Farm lands in the lower Mississippi River Basin are a major source of rice and cotton herbicides. Inputs of the five major herbicides atrazine, cyanazine, metolachlor, alachlor, and simazine to the Mississippi River are mainly from the Minnesota, Des Moines, Missouri, and Ohio Rivers. Ratios of desethylatrazine/atrizine atrazine potentially are useful indicators of groundwater and surface water interactions in the Mississippi River. These ratios suggested that during base-flow conditions, there is a significant groundwater contribution to the river. The Mississippi River thus serves as a drainage channel for pesticide-contaminated surface and groundwater from the midwestern United States. Conservative estimates of annual mass transport indicated that about 160 t of atrazine, 71 t of cyanazine, 56 t of metolachlor, and 18 t of alachlor were discharged into the Gulf of Mexico in 1991. RP PEREIRA, WE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 34 TC 151 Z9 157 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 27 IS 8 BP 1542 EP 1552 DI 10.1021/es00045a008 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LP918 UT WOS:A1993LP91800017 ER PT J AU CHIOU, CT RUTHERFORD, DW MANES, M AF CHIOU, CT RUTHERFORD, DW MANES, M TI SORPTION OF N2 AND EGME VAPORS ON SOME SOILS, CLAYS, AND MINERAL OXIDES AND DETERMINATION OF SAMPLE SURFACE-AREAS BY USE OF SORPTION DATA SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER; WATER AB Vapor sorption isotherms of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGME) at room temperature and isotherms of N2 gas at liquid nitrogen temperature were determined for various soils and minerals. The N2 monolayer capacities [Q(m) (N2)] were calculated from the BET equation and used to determine the surface areas. To examine whether EGME is an appropriate adsorbate for determination of surface areas, the apparent EGME monolayer capacities [Q(m) (EGME)ap] were also obtained by use of the BET equation. For sand, aluminum oxide, kaolinite, hematite, and synthetic hydrous iron oxide, which are relatively free of organic impurity and expanding/solvating minerals, the Q(m) (EGME)ap values are in good conformity with the corresponding Q(m) (N2) values and would give surface areas consistent with BET (N2) values. For other samples (Woodburn soil, a natural hydrous iron oxide, illite, and montmorillonite), the Q(m) (EGME)ap values overestimate the Q(m) (N2) values from a moderate to a large extent, depending on the sample. A high-organic-content peat shows a very small BET (N2) surface area; the EGME/peat isotherm is linear and does not yield a calculation of the surface area. Large discrepancies between results of the two methods for some samples are attributed to the high solubility of polar EGME in soil organic matter and/or to the cation solvation of EGME with solvating clays. The agreement for other samples is illustrative of the consistency of the BET method when different adsorbates are used, so long as they do not exhibit bulk penetration and/or cation solvation. C1 KENT STATE UNIV,KENT,OH 44242. RP CHIOU, CT (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,POB 25046,MS 408,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. RI Chiou, Cary/C-3203-2013 NR 26 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 27 IS 8 BP 1587 EP 1594 DI 10.1021/es00045a014 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LP918 UT WOS:A1993LP91800023 ER PT J AU BUHL, KJ HAMILTON, SJ SCHMULBACH, JC AF BUHL, KJ HAMILTON, SJ SCHMULBACH, JC TI ACUTE TOXICITY OF THE HERBICIDE BROMOXYNIL TO DAPHNIA-MAGNA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ACUTE TOXICITY; BROMOXYNIL; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; TEST CONDITION EFFECTS ID EXPOSURE; SENSITIVITY; WATER; PULEX; REPRODUCIBILITY; REPRODUCTION; SURFACTANTS; SURVIVAL; DURATION; ANIMALS AB The acute toxicities of technical-grade bromoxynil octanoate (BO) and two commercial formulations, Buctril(R) and Bronate(R), to <24-h-old neonate Daphnia magna (Straus) were determined in soft, hard, and oligosaline water. In addition, effects of life stage, feeding, aging the herbicide, and exposure duration on BO toxicity to daphnids were investigated. Regardless of formulation, life stage, and water quality, BO was found to be extremely to highly toxic to daphnids in standard tests; 48-h EC50 values ranged from 41 to 161 mug/L. Bromoxynil octanoate was the most toxic to neonates in soft water and the least toxic in hard water. The acute toxicities of the three bromoxynil herbicides to a given age group of daphnids were similar within the same water type. Overall, neonates and 7-d-old adults were more sensitive than 14- or 15-d-old adults to each herbicide. Feeding daphnids during the toxicity test significantly decreased BO toxicity compared to not feeding them. Aging BO (as Buctril) in hard water decreased its toxicity, and the rate of deactivation was rapid, with an estimated half-life of biological activity of 13 h. Daphnids immobilized by exposures to toxic BO concentrations for less-than-or-equal-to 6 h recovered their mobility, whereas exposures of 18 and 24 h to BO produced toxic effects in daphnids similar to those exposed for 48 h. These results indicated that standard continuous exposure tests may not adequately predict the acute toxicity of BO to freshwater animals in the field. C1 UNIV S DAKOTA, DEPT BIOL, VERMILLION, SD 57069 USA. RP BUHL, KJ (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES CTR, FIELD RES STN, RR 1, BOX 295, YANKTON, SD 57078 USA. NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 12 IS 8 BP 1455 EP 1468 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1993)12[1455:ATOTHB]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA LP260 UT WOS:A1993LP26000013 ER PT J AU BUSIAHN, TR AF BUSIAHN, TR TI CAN THE RUFFE BE CONTAINED BEFORE IT BECOMES YOUR PROBLEM SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article RP BUSIAHN, TR (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,FISHERY RESOURCES OFF,2800 LAKE SHORE DR E,ASHLAND,WI 54806, USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD AUG PY 1993 VL 18 IS 8 BP 22 EP 23 PG 2 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA LQ637 UT WOS:A1993LQ63700004 ER PT J AU GRIFFITH, MB PERRY, SA AF GRIFFITH, MB PERRY, SA TI COLONIZATION AND PROCESSING OF LEAF-LITTER BY MACROINVERTEBRATE SHREDDERS IN STREAMS OF CONTRASTING PH SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHWESTERN PENNSYLVANIA; GAMMARUS-PSEUDOLIMNAEUS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ACID PRECIPITATION; WOODLAND STREAM; UNITED-STATES; DETRITIVORES; ACIDIFICATION; ECOSYSTEMS; CATCHMENTS AB 1. Leaf litter processing rates and macroinvertebrate shredder assemblages in leaf packs were compared in four streams on the Allegheny plateau in the central Appalachian Mountains, U.S.A.; these streams were characterized by different bedrock geology and streamwater pH. 2. Leaf litter processing rates were fastest in the neutral streams, slowest in the acidic stream, and intermediate in the most alkaline stream. 3. Slower processing rates in the acidic stream were associated with lower total shredder biomass, made up predominantly by small leuctrid and nemourid stoneflies. 4. The differences in processing rates between the more alkaline stream and the neutral streams were not associated with differences in shredder biomass, but appeared to be related to taxonomic differences in the shredder assemblages. Insects were dominant in the neutral streams, and amphipods were dominant in the more alkaline stream. RP GRIFFITH, MB (reprint author), W VIRGINIA UNIV,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,DIV FORESTRY,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506, USA. NR 55 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 30 IS 1 BP 93 EP 103 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.1993.tb00791.x PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA LU381 UT WOS:A1993LU38100008 ER PT J AU PATINO, R PURKISS, RT AF PATINO, R PURKISS, RT TI INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF N-ALKANOLS ON THE HORMONAL INDUCTION OF MATURATION IN FOLLICLE-ENCLOSED XENOPUS-OOCYTES - IMPLICATIONS FOR GAP JUNCTIONAL TRANSPORT OF MATURATION-INDUCING STEROID SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GERMINAL VESICLE BREAKDOWN; LAEVIS OOCYTES; MEIOTIC MATURATION; OVARIAN FOLLICLES; PROGESTERONE; GONADOTROPIN; ANESTHETICS; OOGENESIS; MECHANISM; HEPTANOL C1 TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,WILDLIFE RES UNIT,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. RP PATINO, R (reprint author), TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT RANGE & WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,LUBBOCK,TX 79409, USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD27729] NR 43 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 91 IS 2 BP 189 EP 198 DI 10.1006/gcen.1993.1118 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA LR820 UT WOS:A1993LR82000007 PM 8405904 ER PT J AU SCHMUCK, EA PAULL, CK AF SCHMUCK, EA PAULL, CK TI EVIDENCE FOR GAS ACCUMULATION ASSOCIATED WITH DIAPIRISM AND GAS HYDRATES AT THE HEAD OF THE CAPE FEAR SLIDE SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HORIZONS; MEXICO; GULF AB Single-channel seismic reflection profiles show evidence for areas of significant gas accumulation at the head of the Cape Fear Slide on the continental rise off North Carolina. Gas, accumulation appears to occur beneath a gas hydrate seal in landward-dipping strata and in domed strata associated with diapirism. In addition, gas venting may have occurred near diapirs located at the head of the slide. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT GEOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. RP SCHMUCK, EA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 22 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0276-0460 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 13 IS 3 BP 145 EP 152 DI 10.1007/BF01593187 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA LV834 UT WOS:A1993LV83400003 ER PT J AU KEIR, RS MICHEL, RL AF KEIR, RS MICHEL, RL TI INTERFACE DISSOLUTION CONTROL OF THE C-14 PROFILE IN MARINE SEDIMENT SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID DEEP-SEA; TH-230 MEASUREMENTS; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; DEGLACIATION; CARBONATE; RATES; RADIOCARBON; SEAWATER; CALCITE AB The process of carbonate dissolution at the sediment-water interface has two possible end-member boundary conditions. Either the carbonate particles dissolve mostly before they are incorporated into the sediment by bioturbation (interface dissolution), or the vertical mixing is rapid relative to their extermination rate (homogeneous dissolution). In this study, a detailed radiocarbon profile was determined in deep equatorial Pacific sediment that receives a high rate of carbonate supply. In addition, a box model of sediment mixing was used to simulate radiocarbon, carbonate content, and excess thorium profiles that result from either boundary process following a dissolution increase. Results from homogeneous dissolution imply a strong, very recent erosional event, while interface dissolution suggests that moderately increased dissolution began about 10,000 years ago. In order to achieve the observed mixed layer radio-carbon age, increased homogeneous dissolution would concentrate a greater amount of clay and Th-230 than is observed, while for interface dissolution the predicted concentrations are too small. These results together with small discontinuities beneath the mixed layer in Th-230 profiles suggest a two-stage increase in interface dissolution in the deep Pacific, the first occurring near the beginning of the Holocene and the second more recently, roughly 5000 years ago. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. RP KEIR, RS (reprint author), CHRISTIAN ALBRECHTS UNIV KIEL,MARINE GEOWISSENSCH FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM,GEOMAR,WISCHHOFSTR 1-3,W-2300 KIEL 1,GERMANY. NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 1993 VL 57 IS 15 BP 3563 EP 3573 DI 10.1016/0016-7037(93)90139-N PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA LT279 UT WOS:A1993LT27900005 ER PT J AU WOODEN, JL CZAMANSKE, GK FEDORENKO, VA ARNDT, NT CHAUVEL, C BOUSE, RM KING, BSW KNIGHT, RJ SIEMS, DF AF WOODEN, JL CZAMANSKE, GK FEDORENKO, VA ARNDT, NT CHAUVEL, C BOUSE, RM KING, BSW KNIGHT, RJ SIEMS, DF TI ISOTOPIC AND TRACE-ELEMENT CONSTRAINTS ON MANTLE AND CRUSTAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO SIBERIAN CONTINENTAL FLOOD BASALTS, NORILSK AREA, SIBERIA SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID PERMIAN-TRIASSIC BOUNDARY; ND-SR ISOTOPES; MAGMA CHAMBER; GEOCHEMICAL EVOLUTION; LITHOSPHERIC MANTLE; PLUME HEADS; PB-ISOTOPE; ORIGIN; GENESIS; LAVAS AB We present a tightly controlled and comprehensive set of analytical data for the 250-Ma Siberian flood-basalt province. Consideration of major- and trace-element compositions, along with strontium, lead, and neodymium isotopic compositions, strongly supports earlier Russian subdivision of this magmatism into three magmatic cycles, giving rise to three assemblages of eleven basalt suites in the ascending order Ivakinsky-Gudchikhinsky, Khakanchansky-Nadezhdinsky, and Morongovsky-Samoedsky. Geochemical and isotopic discontinuities of varying magnitude characterize most of the boundaries between the eleven recognized basalt suites in the Noril'sk area. Although we conclude that the dominant volume of erupted magma originated from an asthenospheric mantle plume, none of the lavas is interpreted to directly represent asthenospheric melts, which would have been far more magnesian. On the basis of thermal considerations, we consider it unlikely that vast volumes of basaltic melt were produced directly from the continental lithospheric mantle beneath the Siberian craton. Moreover, there is little evidence from mantle xenoliths that the geochemical signatures of such melts would correspond to those of the Siberian flood basalts. Studies of melt migration lead us to conclude that transport of asthenospheric melt through the lithospheric mantle would be rapid, by fracture propagation. Lavas from the Gudchikhinsky suite have negligible Ta-Nb anomalies and positive epsilon(Nd) values, and their parental magmas presumably interacted little with the continental lithospheric mantle or crust. All other lavas have negative Ta-Nb anomalies and lower epsilon(Nd) values that we attribute to interaction with continental crust. The model that we have developed requires discrete contributions from the plume and complex processing of all erupted magmas in the continental crust. The earliest magmas represent small percentages of melt formed in equilibrium with garnet. Over time, the percentage of melting in the source region and the volume of magma produced increased, and garnet was no longer stable in the plume source. All of the plume-derived melts initially contained more than 20 wt% MgO and became less Mg rich by fractionation of olivine as they traversed the lithospheric mantle. We conclude, however, that the most significant control on the geochemical and isotopic compositions of all the erupted lavas was processing of mantle-derived magma in crustal reservoirs during periodic replenishment, periodic tapping, continuous crystal fractionation, and wallrock assimilation. Rapid eruption of an extremely large volume of processed magma that varied little in chemical and isotopic composition produced the sequence of relatively monotonous tholeiitic basalts that constitute the 2,300-m-thick third assemblage of the Siberian flood-basalt province near Noril'sk. C1 CENT RES INST GEOL PROSPECTING BASE & PRECIOUS MET,MOSCOW 113545,RUSSIA. UNIV RENNES 1,GEOSCI RENNES,F-35042 RENNES,FRANCE. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. RP WOODEN, JL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. RI Chauvel, Catherine/A-1762-2011 OI Chauvel, Catherine/0000-0002-3959-4665 NR 97 TC 204 Z9 232 U1 1 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 1993 VL 57 IS 15 BP 3677 EP 3704 DI 10.1016/0016-7037(93)90149-Q PG 28 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA LT279 UT WOS:A1993LT27900015 ER PT J AU BISCHOFF, JL STINE, S ROSENBAUER, RJ FITZPATRICK, JA STAFFORD, TW AF BISCHOFF, JL STINE, S ROSENBAUER, RJ FITZPATRICK, JA STAFFORD, TW TI IKAITE PRECIPITATION BY MIXING OF SHORELINE SPRINGS AND LAKE WATER, MONO LAKE, CALIFORNIA, USA SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; GASES AB Metastable ikaite (CaCO3.6H2O) forms abundantly during winter months along the south shoreline of Mono Lake where shoreline springs mix with lake water. Ikaite precipitates because of its decreased solubility at low temperature and because of orthophosphate-ion inhibition of calcite and aragonite. During the spring some of the ikaite is transformed to anhydrous CaCO3 and is incorporated into tufa, but most is dispersed by wave action into the lake where it reacts to form gaylussite (Na2Ca(CO3)2.5H2O). Spring waters have low pH values, are dominantly Ca-Na-HCO3, have low radiocarbon activities, and are mixtures of deep-seated geothermal and cold groundwaters. Chemical modeling reveals that precipitation of CaCO3 can occur over a broad range of mixtures of spring and lake water with a maximum production occurring at 96% spring water and 4% lake water. Under these conditions all the Ca and a significant fraction of the CO3 of the precipitate is spring supplied. A radiocarbon age of 19,580 years obtained on a natural ikaite sample supports this conclusion. With the springs supplying a large and probably variable portion of the carbonate, and with apparent C-14 age of the carbonate varying from spring to spring, tufa of similar actual antiquity may yield significantly different C-14 dates, making tufa at this location unsuitable for absolute age dating by the radiocarbon method. C1 CALIF STATE UNIV HAYWARD,DEPT GEOG & ENVIRONM STUDIES,HAYWARD,CA 94542. UNIV COLORADO,INSTAAR,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP BISCHOFF, JL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 26 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 1993 VL 57 IS 16 BP 3855 EP 3865 DI 10.1016/0016-7037(93)90339-X PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA LW389 UT WOS:A1993LW38900004 ER PT J AU WHITNEY, JW HARRINGTON, CD AF WHITNEY, JW HARRINGTON, CD TI RELICT COLLUVIAL BOULDER DEPOSITS AS PALEOCLIMATIC INDICATORS IN THE YUCCA MOUNTAIN REGION, SOUTHERN NEVADA SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID ROCK-VARNISH; CATION-RATIO; PRODUCTION-RATES; GREAT-BASIN; CALIFORNIA; LANDFORMS; DESERTS AB Early to middle Pleistocene boulder deposits are common features on southern Nevada hillslopes. These darkly varnished, ancient colluvial deposits stand out in stark contrast to the underlying light-colored bedrock of volcanic tuffs, and they serve as minor divides between drainage channels on modern hillslopes. To demonstrate the antiquity of these stable hillslope features, six colluvial boulder deposits from Yucca Mountain, Nye County, Nevada, were dated by cation-ratio dating of rock varnish accreted on boulder surfaces. Estimated minimum ages of these boulder deposits range from 760 to 170 ka. Five additional older deposits on nearby Skull and Little Skull Mountains and Buckboard Mesa yielded cation-ratio minimum-age estimates of 1.38 Ma to 800 ka. An independent cosmogenic chlorine-36 surface exposure date was obtained on one deposit, which confirms an estimated early to middle Quaternary age. These deposits have provided the oldest age estimates for unconsolidated hillslope deposits in the southwestern United States. We suggest that the colluvial boulder deposits were produced during early and middle Pleistocene glacial/pluvial episodes and were stabilized during the transition to drier interglacial climates. By comparison to modern periglacial environments, winter minimum monthly temperatures of -3 to -5-degrees-C were necessary to initiate freeze-thaw conditions of such vigor to physically weather relatively large volumes of large boulders from the upper hillslopes of the Yucca Mountain area. These conditions imply that early and middle Pleistocene glacial winter temperatures were at least 1 to 3-degrees-C colder than existed during the last Pleistocene glacial episode and 7 to 9-degrees-C colder than present. We conclude that at least several early and middle Pleistocene glacial episodes were colder, and perhaps wetter, than glacial episodes of the late Pleistocene in the southern Great Basin. Geomorphic processes necessary to form these colluvial boulder deposits are not active on modern hillslopes in the southern Great Basin. In addition, the lack of young, relatively unvarnished colluvial boulder deposits on these hillslopes suggests that boulder-forming conditions did not exist during the late Pleistocene in this region. Modern semiarid hillslope processes primarily erode colluvium during infrequent high-intensity storms. The preservation of old, thin hillslope deposits and the less-than-2-m incision by hillslope runoff adjacent to these deposits, however, indicate that extremely low denudation rates have occurred on resistant volcanic hillslopes in the southern Great Basin during Quaternary time. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV EARTH & ENVIRONM SCI,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP WHITNEY, JW (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,CTR FED,MS 425,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 51 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 105 IS 8 BP 1008 EP 1018 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(1993)105<1008:RCBDAP>2.3.CO;2 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA LR570 UT WOS:A1993LR57000003 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, RE BARNHARD, TP AF ANDERSON, RE BARNHARD, TP TI ASPECTS OF 3-DIMENSIONAL STRAIN AT THE MARGIN OF THE EXTENSIONAL OROGEN, VIRGIN RIVER DEPRESSION AREA, NEVADA, UTAH, AND ARIZONA SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID NORMAL-FAULT SYSTEMS; BASIN; MOUNTAINS; UPLIFT; RANGE; EVOLUTION; ISOSTASY; SHEAR AB The Virgin River depression and surrounding mountains are Neogene features that are partly contiguous with the little-strained rocks of the structural transition to the Colorado Plateau province. This contiguity makes the area ideally suited for evaluating the sense, magnitude, and kinematics of Neogene deformation. Analysis along the strain boundary shows that, compared to the adjacent little-strained area, large-magnitude vertical deformation (both uplift and depression, locally exceeding 10 km) greatly exceeds extensional deformation and that significant amounts of lateral displacement approximately parallel the province boundary. Extensional kinematics, the directions of lateral displacements, and the position and orientation of uplifts and one major depression are such that isostatic rebound following tectonic denudation is an unlikely direct cause of the strong vertical structural relief adjacent to the strain boundary. Instead, the observed structures are first-order features defining a three-dimensional strain field produced by approximately east-west extension, vertical structural attenuation, and extension-normal shortening. All major structural elements of the strain-boundary strain field are also found in the adjacent Basin and Range. Especially evident is a discontinuous and inhomogeneous distribution of vertical structural relief resulting from uplift and tilting of the footwalls on convex-upward normal faults, combined with formation of extension-parallel folds. Deformation resulted in a bewilderingly complex mixture of coeval folds, normal faults, strike-slip faults, and, in some areas, reverse faults, thrust faults, and thrust faults reactivated as extensional detachment faults. These complexly mixed structures exhibit a tectonically important aspect of scale independence, ranging from micro-structures to mountain-range scale. Many intensely extended domains appear to reflect a process of surface-relief minimization above uplifted and tilted blocks. Some intensely extended zones are depth-limited by relatively undeformed rocks above, and intact tilted blocks below, and are best viewed as subhorizontal zones of accommodation for the uplift and tilt of subjacent blocks. Whether or not the intense deformation extends to the surface, its depth distribution commonly reflects lithologic or paleostructural controls. Whatever the cause for the concentration of extensional strain, many gently dipping zones are more accurately viewed as local features recording small to moderate extension-parallel translations than as regionally interconnected detachment faults recording enormous extension-parallel translations. Although the total Neogene strain field in the Nevada-Utah-Arizona tricorner area has unique aspects, other parts of the Basin and Range contain generally similar structures that presumably formed from similar processes. These processes include lateral mass transfer, probably by viscoelastic flow, of the material needed to inflate areas of strong uplift and to translate blocks laterally by tectonic rafting. Directions of mass transfer vary but are commonly both parallel and normal to the direction of extension or parallel to the boundaries of extended areas. Much of the strong vertical structural relief probably reflects boundary-condition or localized perturbations (in the form of restraints or releases) of the lateral flow system. These conclusions are consistent with modern concepts of the flexural strength and rheological stratification of the crust in regions undergoing extension. RP ANDERSON, RE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,BOX 25046,MS 966,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 81 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 105 IS 8 BP 1019 EP 1052 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(1993)105<1019:AOTDSA>2.3.CO;2 PG 34 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA LR570 UT WOS:A1993LR57000004 ER PT J AU EASTON, RM EDWARDS, LE JORDAN, RR OWEN, DE AF EASTON, RM EDWARDS, LE JORDAN, RR OWEN, DE TI STRATIGRAPHIC REGULATION AND GUIDANCE - A CRITIQUE OF CURRENT TENDENCIES IN STRATIGRAPHIC CODES AND GUIDES - DISCUSSION SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Discussion C1 US GEOL SURVEY,NACSN,NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092. UNIV DELAWARE,DELAWARE GEOL SURVEY,NACSN,NEWARK,DE 19716. LAMAR UNIV,NACSN,DEPT GEOL,BEAUMONT,TX 77710. RP EASTON, RM (reprint author), ONTARIO GEOL SURVEY,NACSN,933 RAMSEY LAKE RD,SUDBURY P3E 6B5,ON,CANADA. OI Easton, Robert Michael/0000-0001-6550-0004 NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 105 IS 8 BP 1135 EP 1136 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(1993)105<1135:SRAGAC>2.3.CO;2 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA LR570 UT WOS:A1993LR57000010 ER PT J AU WILLARD, DA CRONIN, TM ISHMAN, SE LITWIN, RJ AF WILLARD, DA CRONIN, TM ISHMAN, SE LITWIN, RJ TI TERRESTRIAL AND MARINE RECORDS OF CLIMATIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGES DURING THE PLIOCENE IN SUBTROPICAL FLORIDA SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; COASTAL-PLAIN; SEA-LEVEL; TRANSPORT; ISTHMUS; HISTORY; PANAMA AB Pollen, ostracode, and benthic foraminifer assemblages deposited during sea-level high-stands in subtropical Florida record a climate change during the period 4.5-1.0 Ma. Before 3.5 Ma, open-shelf marine faunas and pollen assemblages with abundant Pinus, Quercus, Fagus, Carya, and nonarboreal pollen were present, indicating cooler conditions than today. From approximately 3.5 to 1.0 Ma, marine and terrestrial records indicate warmer conditions, similar to those existing in south Florida today. Combined with evidence for much warmer than modern conditions at high latitudes, these data suggest that increased poleward oceanic heat transport, possibly related to the emergence of the Central American isthmus between approximately 3.5 and 2.5 Ma, was a major influence on mid-Pliocene warmth. RP WILLARD, DA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 26 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 8 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD AUG PY 1993 VL 21 IS 8 BP 679 EP 682 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0679:TAMROC>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA LR572 UT WOS:A1993LR57200002 ER PT J AU KRAUS, MJ BOWN, TM AF KRAUS, MJ BOWN, TM TI SHORT-TERM SEDIMENT ACCUMULATION RATES DETERMINED FROM EOCENE ALLUVIAL PALEOSOLS SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FORELAND BASINS; MODEL AB A new method uses alluvial paleosols to calculate sediment accumulation rates for thin (25 m) stratigraphic intervals and allows the reliable interpolation of ages for stratigraphic levels within a thick stratigraphic interval bounded by established dates. Sediment accumulation rates calculated for a 650 m composite section in the Eocene Willwood Formation of Wyoming span time intervals ranging from only 0.05 to 0.25 my. Important sedimentologic changes coincide with changes in accumulation rate and indicate close and direct relations between the history of basin subsidence and depositional patterns. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,MS 919,DENVER,CO 80225. RP KRAUS, MJ (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,DEPT GEOL SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. RI Kraus, Mary/C-3323-2008 OI Kraus, Mary/0000-0002-1721-2566 NR 18 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD AUG PY 1993 VL 21 IS 8 BP 743 EP 746 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0743:STSARD>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA LR572 UT WOS:A1993LR57200018 ER PT J AU YOUNG, JB AICHELE, H PRESGRAVE, BW AF YOUNG, JB AICHELE, H PRESGRAVE, BW TI REGION NAME CONVENTIONS IN THE FLINN-ENGDAHL REGIONALIZATION SCHEME SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Note DE F-E CODE; SEISMOLOGY AB Seismologists use the names in the Flinn-Engdahl Regionalization Scheme to identify and specify regions of the Earth. Naming conventions have been reviewed and redefined by the Working Group on Regionalization not only for the current scheme but also for any future standard. The main recommendations of the Working Group are that: (1) the definition of the word 'region' used in the original scheme be retained; (2) both seismo-geographical and political names be given to land areas; (3) directional adjectives such as 'west' be given the suffix '-em' where the adjective is not a political name; (4) where possible the words 'border region' should be used with local region names; (5) an unspaced dash linking geographical names (e.g. Turkey-Georgia-Armenia) should be used to indicate a border area, whereas a spaced dash (e.g. Jordan - Syria) should cover the whole of the areas linked. The Working Group asks seismologists to adhere as closely as possible to the recommendations. C1 SEISMOL ZENT OBSERV,W-8520 ERLANGEN,GERMANY. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. RP YOUNG, JB (reprint author), MINIST DEF,READING RG7 4RS,BERKS,ENGLAND. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 114 IS 2 BP 411 EP 413 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1993.tb03929.x PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA LR353 UT WOS:A1993LR35300018 ER PT J AU ROBINSON, MS MOUGINISMARK, PJ ZIMBELMAN, JR WU, SSC ABLIN, KK HOWINGTONKRAUS, AE AF ROBINSON, MS MOUGINISMARK, PJ ZIMBELMAN, JR WU, SSC ABLIN, KK HOWINGTONKRAUS, AE TI CHRONOLOGY, ERUPTION DURATION, AND ATMOSPHERIC CONTRIBUTION OF THE MARTIAN VOLCANO APOLLINARIS-PATERA SO ICARUS LA English DT Article ID OLYMPUS MONS; ALBA-PATERA; MARS; EVOLUTION; ELYSIUM; TOPOGRAPHY; DEPOSITS; WATER; ICE C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,CEPS,NATL AIR & SPACE MUSEUM,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. US GEOL SURVEY,ASTROGEOL BRANCH,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001. RP ROBINSON, MS (reprint author), UNIV HAWAII,SOEST,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,2525 CORREA RD,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA. NR 75 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD AUG PY 1993 VL 104 IS 2 BP 301 EP 323 DI 10.1006/icar.1993.1103 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA LY532 UT WOS:A1993LY53200012 ER PT J AU SAVAGE, WZ AF SAVAGE, WZ TI GRAVITY-INDUCED STRESSES NEAR A VERTICAL CLIFF SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES & GEOMECHANICS ABSTRACTS LA English DT Article ID LONG SYMMETRIC RIDGES; FINITE ELASTIC SLOPES; VALLEYS AB The exact solution for gravity-induced stresses beneath a vertical cliff presented here has application to the design of cut slopes in rock, compares favorably with published photoelastic and finite-element results for this problem, and satisfies the condition that shear and normal stresses vanish on the ground surface, except at the bottom corner where stress concentrations exist. The solution predicts that horizontal stresses are tensile away from the bottom of the cliff-effects caused by movement below the cliff in response to the gravity loading of the cliff. Also, it is shown that along the top of the cliff normal stresses reduce to those predicted for laterally constrained flat-lying topography. RP SAVAGE, WZ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,BOX 25046,MS 966,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0148-9062 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 30 IS 4 BP 325 EP 330 DI 10.1016/0148-9062(93)91716-V PG 6 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA LN329 UT WOS:A1993LN32900001 ER PT J AU ALBINO, GV AF ALBINO, GV TI APPLICATION OF METAL ZONING TO GOLD EXPLORATION IN PORPHYRY COPPER SYSTEMS - COMMENT SO JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION LA English DT Discussion ID DEPOSITS; BEARING RP ALBINO, GV (reprint author), UNIV NEVADA,MACKAY SCH MINES,US GEOL SURVEY,RENO FIELD OFF,RENO,NV 89557, USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-6742 J9 J GEOCHEM EXPLOR JI J. Geochem. Explor. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 48 IS 3 BP 359 EP 365 DI 10.1016/0375-6742(93)90011-A PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA LW374 UT WOS:A1993LW37400004 ER EF