FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU TOROK, S FAIGEL, G JONES, KW RIVERS, ML SUTTON, SR BAJT, S AF TOROK, S FAIGEL, G JONES, KW RIVERS, ML SUTTON, SR BAJT, S TI CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL PARTICULATE MATTER USING SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION SO X-RAY SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID MOSSBAUER; EMISSION AB First results from a new program for chemical characterization of environmental particulates using synchrotron radiation are described. Trace element concentrations and chemical state determinations were made on fly ash samples from lignite-fired power stations. The experiments were based on the use of x-rays produced by an electron beam passing a bending magnet at the Brookhaven National Synchrotron Light Source. The high brilliance, energy tunability and almost complete polarization of the x-rays were used as the basis of a versatile x-ray microscope (XRM) at the X26 beam line. Mossbauer spectroscopy was employed as a complementary method for determination of the compounds in the iron-containing fly ash particles. The results demonstrate the practicality and strengths of using the synchrotron XRM for measurements of trace elements in fly ash particles and for the determination of oxidation states using x-ray absorption near-edge structure. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. UNIV CHICAGO,CHICAGO,IL 60637. RP TOROK, S (reprint author), HUNGARIAN ACAD SCI,CENT RES INST PHYS,POB 49,H-1525 BUDAPEST,HUNGARY. RI Bajt, Sasa/G-2228-2010 NR 12 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0049-8246 J9 X-RAY SPECTROM JI X-Ray Spectrom. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 23 IS 1 BP 3 EP 6 DI 10.1002/xrs.1300230103 PG 4 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA MX982 UT WOS:A1994MX98200001 ER PT S AU BROWNVANHOOZER, SA AF BROWNVANHOOZER, SA BE Olmos, J Sharon, A TI DESIGN OF GRAPHIC SCREENS USING NEURO-LINGUISTIC PROGRAMMING SO XI ANNUAL SIMULATORS CONFERENCE: PROCEEDINGS OF 1994 SIMULATION MULTICONFERENCE SE SIMULATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XI Annual Simulators Conference/1994 Simulation Multiconference CY APR 10-14, 1994 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SOC COMP SIMULAT C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83403. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION INT PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 SN 0735-9276 BN 1-56555-071-4 J9 SIMUL SERIES PY 1994 VL 26 IS 3 BP 132 EP 137 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Computer Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BA76X UT WOS:A1994BA76X00024 ER PT S AU OHARA, JM WACHTEL, J AF OHARA, JM WACHTEL, J BE Olmos, J Sharon, A TI THE IMPORTANCE OF SIMULATION FACILITIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF REVIEW CRITERIA FOR ADVANCED HUMAN SYSTEM INTERFACES SO XI ANNUAL SIMULATORS CONFERENCE: PROCEEDINGS OF 1994 SIMULATION MULTICONFERENCE SE SIMULATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XI Annual Simulators Conference/1994 Simulation Multiconference CY APR 10-14, 1994 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SOC COMP SIMULAT C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT ADV TECHNOL,UPTON,NY 11973. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION INT PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 SN 0735-9276 BN 1-56555-071-4 J9 SIMUL SERIES PY 1994 VL 26 IS 3 BP 200 EP 205 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Computer Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BA76X UT WOS:A1994BA76X00036 ER PT S AU GREGORY, MV SHANAHAN, KL HANG, T AF GREGORY, MV SHANAHAN, KL HANG, T BE Olmos, J Sharon, A TI A DYNAMIC SIMULATION-MODEL OF THE SAVANNA RIVER HIGH-LEVEL WASTE TANK FARM SO XI ANNUAL SIMULATORS CONFERENCE: PROCEEDINGS OF 1994 SIMULATION MULTICONFERENCE SE SIMULATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XI Annual Simulators Conference/1994 Simulation Multiconference CY APR 10-14, 1994 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SOC COMP SIMULAT C1 WESTINGHOUSE SAVANNAH RIVER CO,SAVANNAH RIVER TECHNOL CTR,AIKEN,SC 29808. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION INT PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 SN 0735-9276 BN 1-56555-071-4 J9 SIMUL SERIES PY 1994 VL 26 IS 3 BP 297 EP 302 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Computer Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BA76X UT WOS:A1994BA76X00050 ER PT S AU GONG, C PELFREY, JR AF GONG, C PELFREY, JR BE Olmos, J Sharon, A TI STRUCTURAL-ANALYSIS OF CLOSURE CAP BARRIERS - A PRETEST STUDY FOR THE BENTONITE MAT DEMONSTRATION PROJECT (U) SO XI ANNUAL SIMULATORS CONFERENCE: PROCEEDINGS OF 1994 SIMULATION MULTICONFERENCE SE SIMULATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XI Annual Simulators Conference/1994 Simulation Multiconference CY APR 10-14, 1994 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SOC COMP SIMULAT C1 WESTINGHOUSE SAVANNAH RIVER CO,SAVANNAH RIVER TECHNOL CTR,APPL TECHNOL SECT,AIKEN,SC 29802. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION INT PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 SN 0735-9276 BN 1-56555-071-4 J9 SIMUL SERIES PY 1994 VL 26 IS 3 BP 336 EP 341 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Computer Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BA76X UT WOS:A1994BA76X00056 ER PT S AU HANG, T SHANAHAN, KL GREGORY, MV WALKER, DD AF HANG, T SHANAHAN, KL GREGORY, MV WALKER, DD BE Olmos, J Sharon, A TI DYNAMIC SIMULATION OF THE IN-TANK PRECIPITATION PROCESS SO XI ANNUAL SIMULATORS CONFERENCE: PROCEEDINGS OF 1994 SIMULATION MULTICONFERENCE SE SIMULATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XI Annual Simulators Conference/1994 Simulation Multiconference CY APR 10-14, 1994 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SOC COMP SIMULAT C1 WESTINGHOUSE SAVANNAH RIVER CO,SAVANNAH RIVER TECHNOL CTR,AIKEN,SC 29808. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION INT PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 SN 0735-9276 BN 1-56555-071-4 J9 SIMUL SERIES PY 1994 VL 26 IS 3 BP 357 EP 362 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Computer Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BA76X UT WOS:A1994BA76X00059 ER PT S AU AULL, JE AF AULL, JE BE Olmos, J Sharon, A TI CONVERSION OF DAP MODELS TO SPEEDUP SO XI ANNUAL SIMULATORS CONFERENCE: PROCEEDINGS OF 1994 SIMULATION MULTICONFERENCE SE SIMULATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XI Annual Simulators Conference/1994 Simulation Multiconference CY APR 10-14, 1994 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SOC COMP SIMULAT C1 WESTINGHOUSE SAVANNAH RIVER CO,SAVANNAH RIVER TECHNOL CTR,AIKEN,SC 29808. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION INT PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 SN 0735-9276 BN 1-56555-071-4 J9 SIMUL SERIES PY 1994 VL 26 IS 3 BP 385 EP 390 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Computer Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BA76X UT WOS:A1994BA76X00064 ER PT B AU ANDERS, A ANDERS, S BROWN, IG MACGILL, RA DICKINSON, MR AF ANDERS, A ANDERS, S BROWN, IG MACGILL, RA DICKINSON, MR BE Mesyats, GA TI VACUUM-ARC PLASMA DEPOSITION - MACROPARTICLE FILTERING, SCALING, AND OTHER PROBLEMS SO XVI INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON DISCHARGES AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION IN VACUUM SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XVI International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum CY MAY 23-30, 1994 CL ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA SP SOC PHOTO OPT INSTRUMENTAT ENGINEERS, IEEE, DIELECT & ELECT INSULAT SOC, RUSSIAN SCI FDN, RUSSIAN MINIST SCI, RUSSIAN ACAD SCI, RUSS ACAD SCI, URAL BRANCH, INST ELECTROPHYS, EUROPEAN OFF AEROSP RES & DEV, SANDIA NATL LABS, PULSED POWER SCI, WILLIAM & MARY GREVE FDN INC, UNIV NEW MEXICO ALBUQUERQUE C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RI Mesyats, Gennady/L-3138-2015; Anders, Andre/B-8580-2009 OI Anders, Andre/0000-0002-5313-6505 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-1581-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1994 VL 2259 BP 195 EP 198 DI 10.1117/12.174640 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BA45E UT WOS:A1994BA45E00043 ER PT B AU STINNETT, RW MCINTYRE, DC BUCHHEIT, RG GREENLY, JB THOMPSON, MO AF STINNETT, RW MCINTYRE, DC BUCHHEIT, RG GREENLY, JB THOMPSON, MO BE Mesyats, GA TI ION-BEAM SURFACE-TREATMENT - A NEW CAPATABILITY FOR RAPID MELT AND RESOLIDIFICATION OF SURFACES SO XVI INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON DISCHARGES AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION IN VACUUM SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XVI International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum CY MAY 23-30, 1994 CL ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA SP SOC PHOTO OPT INSTRUMENTAT ENGINEERS, IEEE, DIELECT & ELECT INSULAT SOC, RUSSIAN SCI FDN, RUSSIAN MINIST SCI, RUSSIAN ACAD SCI, RUSS ACAD SCI, URAL BRANCH, INST ELECTROPHYS, EUROPEAN OFF AEROSP RES & DEV, SANDIA NATL LABS, PULSED POWER SCI, WILLIAM & MARY GREVE FDN INC, UNIV NEW MEXICO ALBUQUERQUE C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. RI Mesyats, Gennady/L-3138-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-1581-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1994 VL 2259 BP 613 EP 618 DI 10.1117/12.174600 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BA45E UT WOS:A1994BA45E00140 ER PT J AU CHRISTENSEN, AN NORBY, P HANSON, JC AF CHRISTENSEN, AN NORBY, P HANSON, JC TI A CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE DETERMINATION OF HGC2O4 FROM SYNCHROTRON X-RAY AND NEUTRON POWDER DIFFRACTION DATA SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KRISTALLOGRAPHIE LA English DT Article DE PROFILE ANALYSIS AB The crystal structure of mercury oxalate, HgC2O4 was solved from synchrotron X-ray and neutron powder diffraction patterns. The unit cell was obtained by auto-indexing of the X-ray powder pattern, and the positions of the atoms were found using the direct method program SIRPOW92. The structure was refined by Rietveld analysis of the neutron powder diffraction data. The unit cell is monoclinic, space group P2(1) with lattice parameters from the synchrotron refinement: a = 5.033(1) angstrom, b = 5.237(1) angstrom, c = 6.453(1) angstrom, beta = 108.74(1)-degrees, and Z = 2. The mercury atoms are bounded to the oxalate ions by two short mercury-oxygen bonds Hg-O3 = 2.10 angstrom and Hg-O2' = 2.12 angstrom, and six longer bonds in the range 2.63 angstrom to 2.83 angstrom. The mercury-oxygen coordination polyhedron is a slightly deformed box. C1 ODENSE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,DK-5230 ODENSE,DENMARK. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM,UPTON,NY 11973. RP CHRISTENSEN, AN (reprint author), AARHUS UNIV,DEPT CHEM,DK-8000 AARHUS,DENMARK. RI Hanson, jonathan/E-3517-2010; Norby, Poul/B-9047-2014 OI Norby, Poul/0000-0002-2590-7050 NR 11 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH 80 PA ROSENHEIMER STR 145 POSTFACH 801360, W-8000 MUNICH 80, GERMANY SN 0044-2968 J9 Z KRISTALLOGR JI Z. Kristall. PY 1994 VL 209 IS 11 BP 874 EP 877 DI 10.1524/zkri.1994.209.11.874 PG 4 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA PR554 UT WOS:A1994PR55400005 ER PT J AU NENOFF, TM STUCKY, GD HARRISON, WTA AF NENOFF, TM STUCKY, GD HARRISON, WTA TI 2 ORGANICALLY-TEMPLATED VANADIUM ARSENATE PHASES - V4AS6O30H6.2N2C6H14.4H2O AND V4AS6O30H8.2N(CH3)4.5.33H2O SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KRISTALLOGRAPHIE LA English DT Article DE VANADIUM ARSENATE; VANADIUM ARSENATE CLUSTERS; SINGLE CRYSTAL X-RAY DIFFRACTION; ORGANIC TEMPLATES ID CATALYSTS; CHEMISTRY AB Two organically templated vanadium arsenate phases have been synthesized and characterized by single X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analyses. Both are comprised of clusters of vanadium arsenate anions that are held together by hydrogen bonding with the included species. The V4As6O30H6 . 2 N2C6H14 . 4 H2O [VAs-Dab] (M(r) = 1439.76) crystal is monoclinic, space group P2(1)/c (No. 14), with a = 9.247(3) angstrom, b = 13.932(3) angstrom, c = 16.105(8) angstrom, beta = 106.31(4)-degrees, V = 1991.26 angstrom3 and Z = 2. Final residuals of R = 3.71% and R(w) = 4.17% were obtained for 3044 observed reflections with I > 3sigma(I). The crystalline compounds is comprised of clusters H-bonded to the organic and water molecules. The V4As6O30H8 . 2 N(CH3)4 . 5.33 H2O [VAsTMA] (M(r) = 346.43) crystal is orthorhombic, space group Cmca (No. 64), with a = 18.742(5) angstrom, b = 12.208(3) angstrom, c = 17.689(6) angstrom, V = 4047.24 angstrom3 and Z = 16. Final residuals of R = 3.89% and R(w) = 4.13% were obtained for 1756 observed reflections with I > 3sigma(I). The crystalline compound contains one dimensional channels, surrounded by the H-bonded clusters, containing the water molecules and tetramethyl ammonium cations. C1 UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,DEPT CHEM,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106. UNIV HOUSTON,DEPT CHEM,HOUSTON,TX 77204. RP NENOFF, TM (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,PROC RES DEPT,MS 0709,ORG 6212,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH 80 PA ROSENHEIMER STR 145 POSTFACH 801360, W-8000 MUNICH 80, GERMANY SN 0044-2968 J9 Z KRISTALLOGR JI Z. Kristall. PY 1994 VL 209 IS 11 BP 892 EP 898 DI 10.1524/zkri.1994.209.11.892 PG 7 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA PR554 UT WOS:A1994PR55400009 ER PT J AU CLARKE, J AF CLARKE, J TI LOW-FREQUENCY NUCLEAR-QUADRUPOLE RESONANCE WITH SQUID AMPLIFIERS SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION A-A JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XIIth International Symposium on Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Spectroscopy CY JUL 19-23, 1993 CL UNIV ZURICH, ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SP ZURICH HOCH STIFT, ZURICH HOCHSCHULVEREIN, CITY KANTON ZURICH, SWISS NATL ZURICH, SWISS INST TECHNOL, SWISS BANK CORP HO UNIV ZURICH DE SQUID; FOURIER TRANSFORM SPECTROMETER; NQR; NH4CIO4; SPIN ECHO ID QUANTUM INTERFERENCE DEVICE; SPIN-LATTICE RELAXATION; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; DC-SQUID; NOISE; SPECTROMETER; FIELD; NQR AB The dc SQUID (Superconducting QUantum Interference Device) can be configured as an amplifier of spin-echos with a noise temperature of approximately 10 mK (f/1 MHz) at an operating temperature of 1.5 K. A Fourier transform spectrometer based on a SQUID with a superconducting input circuit and operated in a flux-locked loop is used to obtain nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) spectra in a broadband mode over the bandwith 0-1 MHz. Spin-echo spectra of N-14 in NH4ClO4 reveal sharp NQR resonances, obtained simultaneously, at 17.4, 38.8 and 56.2 kHz. At 1.5 K, the measured longitudinal and transverse relaxation times T1 and T2 for the 38.8 kHz transition are 63 +/- 3 ms and 22 +/- 2 ms, respectively. C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV MAT SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP CLARKE, J (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU VERLAG Z NATURFORSCH PI TUBINGEN PA POSTFACH 2645, W-7400 TUBINGEN, GERMANY SN 0932-0784 J9 Z NATURFORSCH A JI Z. Naturfors. Sect. A-J. Phys. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 49 IS 1-2 BP 5 EP 13 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA MZ087 UT WOS:A1994MZ08700002 ER PT J AU GALL, BJP PORQUET, MG HANNACHI, F KORICHI, A AHMAD, I AICHE, M AZAIEZ, F BASTIN, G BEAUSANG, CW BERAUD, R BOURGEOIS, C CARPENTER, MP CLARK, RM DELONCLE, I DUFFAIT, R DUPRAT, J HAUSCHILD, K HENRY, R JANSSENS, RVF JOYCE, MJ KHOO, TL KACI, M LAURITSEN, T LECOZ, Y MEYER, M PAUL, ES PERRIN, N POFFE, N REDON, N SCHUCK, C SERGOLLE, H SHARPEYSCHAFER, JF SIMPSON, J SMITH, AG WADSWORTH, R WILLSAU, P AF GALL, BJP PORQUET, MG HANNACHI, F KORICHI, A AHMAD, I AICHE, M AZAIEZ, F BASTIN, G BEAUSANG, CW BERAUD, R BOURGEOIS, C CARPENTER, MP CLARK, RM DELONCLE, I DUFFAIT, R DUPRAT, J HAUSCHILD, K HENRY, R JANSSENS, RVF JOYCE, MJ KHOO, TL KACI, M LAURITSEN, T LECOZ, Y MEYER, M PAUL, ES PERRIN, N POFFE, N REDON, N SCHUCK, C SERGOLLE, H SHARPEYSCHAFER, JF SIMPSON, J SMITH, AG WADSWORTH, R WILLSAU, P TI NEW RESULTS ON THE SUPERDEFORMED BAND IN HG-192 SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIK A-HADRONS AND NUCLEI LA English DT Note AB New results on the 192Hg superdeformed band have been obtained with EUROGAM. The experiment has been performed with the Gd-160(S-36,4n) reaction at 159 MeV. Above 8 00 ke V the gamma-ray energies differ from the previously published ones. Thus the rise of the dynamical moment of inertia J(2) above HomegaBAR = 0.4 MeV is no longer observed. This is in better agreement with recent cranked Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov calculations. C1 SERC,DARESBURY LAB,WARRINGTON WA4 4AD,CHESHIRE,ENGLAND. CNRS,IPN,IN2P3,F-91405 ORSAY,FRANCE. ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. UNIV LIVERPOOL,LIVERPOOL L69 3BX,ENGLAND. CNRS,IN2P3,IPN LYON,F-69622 VILLEURBANNE,FRANCE. UNIV YORK,YORK YO1 5DD,N YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. UNIV OXFORD,DEPT PHYS,OXFORD,ENGLAND. UNIV MANCHESTER,SCHUSTER LAB,MANCHESTER M13 9PL,LANCS,ENGLAND. UNIV BONN,ISKP,D-53115 BONN,GERMANY. RP GALL, BJP (reprint author), CNRS,IN2P3,CSNSM,F-91405 ORSAY,FRANCE. RI Hauschild, Karl/A-6726-2009; Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 11 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0939-7922 J9 Z PHYS A-HADRON NUCL JI Z. Phys. A.-Hadrons Nuclei PD JAN PY 1994 VL 347 IS 3 BP 223 EP 224 DI 10.1007/BF01292380 PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA MU817 UT WOS:A1994MU81700010 ER PT J AU ALDE, D BINON, FG BOUTEMEUR, M BRICMAN, C DONSKOV, SV GOUANERE, M INYAKIN, AV KACHANOV, VA KHAUSTOV, GV KNAPP, EA KONDASHOV, AA KULIK, AV LANDSBERG, GL LEDNEV, AA LISHIN, VA PEIGNEUX, JP POLOVNIKOV, SA POLYAKOV, VA POULET, M PROKOSHKIN, YD SADOVSKY, SA SAMOYLENKO, VD SHAGIN, PM SHTANNIKOV, AV SINGOVSKY, AV STROOT, JP SUGONYAEV, VP AF ALDE, D BINON, FG BOUTEMEUR, M BRICMAN, C DONSKOV, SV GOUANERE, M INYAKIN, AV KACHANOV, VA KHAUSTOV, GV KNAPP, EA KONDASHOV, AA KULIK, AV LANDSBERG, GL LEDNEV, AA LISHIN, VA PEIGNEUX, JP POLOVNIKOV, SA POLYAKOV, VA POULET, M PROKOSHKIN, YD SADOVSKY, SA SAMOYLENKO, VD SHAGIN, PM SHTANNIKOV, AV SINGOVSKY, AV STROOT, JP SUGONYAEV, VP TI MODEL-INDEPENDENT MEASUREMENT OF OMEGA-]ETA-GAMMA DECAY BRANCHING RATIO SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIK C-PARTICLES AND FIELDS LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE DECAYS; MESONS; OMEGA AB The rare etagamma decay width of the omega-meson has been measured in a model-independent way, with omega produced in 38 GeV/c pi- p charge-exchange. Large momentum transfer events have been selected in order to eliminate omega - rho interference contribution. BR (omega --> etagamma) = (8.3 +/- 2.1). 10(-4). The gammas from omega --> etagamma --> 3gamma decay have been detected with the multiphoton spectrometer GAMS-2000 at the IHEP 70 GeV proton accelerator. C1 INST INTERUNIV SCI NUCL,B-1050 BRUSSELS,BELGIUM. LAB ANNECY LE VIEUX PHYS PARTICULES,F-74019 ANNECY LE VIEUX,FRANCE. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87544. UNIV LIBRE BRUXELLES,B-1050 BRUSSELS,BELGIUM. PROTVINO HIGH ENERGY PHYS INST,PROTVINO 142284,RUSSIA. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0170-9739 J9 Z PHYS C PART FIELDS JI Z. Phys. C-Part. Fields PD JAN PY 1994 VL 61 IS 1 BP 35 EP 40 DI 10.1007/BF01641884 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA MU748 UT WOS:A1994MU74800003 ER PT J AU BALL, J BARABASH, LS BINZ, R BYSTRICKY, J CHESNY, P COMBET, M DEMIERRE, P FONTAINE, JM GAILLARD, G HESS, R JANOUT, Z KHACHATUROV, BA KLETT, A KUNNE, R LEHAR, F LEMAIRE, MC DELESQUEN, A LOPIANO, D DEMALI, M PERROTKUNNE, F RAPIN, D ROSSLE, E SANS, JL SCHMITT, H SPINKA, H USOV, YA AF BALL, J BARABASH, LS BINZ, R BYSTRICKY, J CHESNY, P COMBET, M DEMIERRE, P FONTAINE, JM GAILLARD, G HESS, R JANOUT, Z KHACHATUROV, BA KLETT, A KUNNE, R LEHAR, F LEMAIRE, MC DELESQUEN, A LOPIANO, D DEMALI, M PERROTKUNNE, F RAPIN, D ROSSLE, E SANS, JL SCHMITT, H SPINKA, H USOV, YA TI MEASUREMENTS OF THE TOTAL CROSS-SECTION DIFFERENCE DELTA-SIGMA-T IN NP TRANSMISSION BETWEEN 0.86 AND 0.94 GEV SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIK C-PARTICLES AND FIELDS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-SHIFT ANALYSIS; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; PROTON AB We present results of the total cross section difference DELTAsigma(T)(np) obtained in transmission measurements at the energies 0.86, 0.88, 0.91 and 0.94 GeV. The SATURNE II polarized beam of free neutrons obtained from the break-up of polarized deuterons was transmitted through the polarized Saclay frozen-spin proton target. The beam and target polarizations were oriented in the vertical direction. The present results agree with previous SATURNE measurements and improve the amplitude analysis in the forward direction. C1 CTR ETUD SACLAY,CEA,DSM,F-91191 GIF SUR YVETTE,FRANCE. JINR,LNP,MOSCOW 101000,RUSSIA. UNIV FREIBURG,FAC PHYS,D-79104 FREIBURG,GERMANY. CTR ETUD SACLAY,DAPNIA,F-91191 GIF SUR YVETTE,FRANCE. UNIV GENEVA,DPNC,CH-1211 GENEVA 4,SWITZERLAND. ANL,HEP,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP BALL, J (reprint author), LAB NATL SATURNE,CNRS,IN2P3,F-91191 GIF SUR YVETTE,FRANCE. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0170-9739 J9 Z PHYS C PART FIELDS JI Z. Phys. C-Part. Fields PD JAN PY 1994 VL 61 IS 1 BP 53 EP 57 DI 10.1007/BF01641886 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA MU748 UT WOS:A1994MU74800005 ER PT J AU ABT, I AHMED, T ANDREEV, V ANDRIEU, B APPUHN, RD ARPAGAUS, M BABAEV, A BARWOLFF, H BAN, J BARANOV, P BARRELET, E BARTEL, W BASSLER, U BECK, HP BEHREND, HJ BELOUSOV, A BERGER, C BERGSTEIN, H BERNARDI, G BERNET, R BERTRANDCOREMANS, G BESANCON, M BIDDULPH, P BINDER, E BISCHOFF, A BIZOT, JC BLOBEL, V BORRAS, K BOSETTI, PC BOUDRY, V BOURDARIOS, C BRASSE, F BRAUN, U BRAUNSCHWEIG, W BRISSON, V BRUNCKO, D BUNGENER, L BURGER, J BUSSER, FW BUNIATIAN, A BURKE, S BUSCHHORN, G CAMPBELL, AJ CARLI, T CHARLES, F CLARKE, D CLEGG, AB COLOMBO, M COUGHLAN, JA COURAU, A COUTURES, C COZZIKA, G CRIEGEE, L CVACH, J DAGORET, S DAINTON, JB DANILOV, M DANN, AWE DAU, WD DAVID, M DEFFUR, E DELCOURT, B DELBUONO, L DEVEL, M DEROECK, A DINGUS, P DOLLFUS, C DOWELL, JD DREIS, HB DRESCHER, A DUBOC, J DULLMANN, D DUNGER, O DUHM, H EBBINGHAUS, R EBERLE, M EBERT, J EBERT, TR ECKERLIN, G EFREMENKO, V EGLI, S EICHENBERGER, S EICHLER, R EISELE, F EISENHANDLER, E ELLIS, NN ELLISON, RJ ELSEN, E ERDMANN, M EVRARD, E FAVART, L FEDOTOV, A FEEKEN, D FELST, R FELTESSE, J FENSOME, IF FERENCEI, J FERRAROTTO, F FLAMM, K FLAUGER, W FLEISCHER, M FLIESER, M FLUGGE, G FOMENKO, A FOMINYKH, B FORBUSH, M FORMANEK, J FOSTER, JM FRANKE, G FRETWURST, E FUHRMANN, P GABATHULER, E GAMERDINGER, K GARVEY, J GAYLER, J GELLRICH, A GENNIS, M GENZEL, H GERHARDS, R GODFREY, L GOERLACH, U GOERLICH, L GOGITIDZE, N GOLDBERG, M GOODALL, AM GORELOV, I GORITCHEV, P GRAB, C GRASSLER, H GRASSLER, R GREENSHAW, T GRIEF, H GRINDHAMMER, G GRUBER, C HAACK, J HAIDT, D HAJDUK, L HAMON, O HANDSCHUH, D HANLON, EM HAPKE, M HARJES, J HAYDAR, R HAYNES, WJ HEATHERINGTON, J HEDBERG, V HEINZELMANN, G HENDERSON, RCW HENSCHEL, H HERMA, R HERYNEK, I HILDESHEIM, W HILL, P HILTON, CD HLADKY, J HOEGER, KC HUET, P HUFNAGEL, H HUOT, N IBBOTSON, M ITTERBECK, H JABIOL, MA JACHOLKOWSKA, A JACOBSSON, C JAFFRE, M JANSEN, T JONSSON, L JOHANNSEN, K JOHNSON, DP JOHNSON, L JUNG, H KALMUS, PIP KASARIAN, S KASCHOWITZ, R KASSELMANN, P KATHAGE, U KAUFMANN, HH KENYON, IR KERMICHE, S KEUKER, C KIESLING, C KLEIN, M KLEINWORT, C KNIES, G KO, W KOHLER, T KOLANOSKI, H KOLE, F KOLYA, SD KORBEL, V KORN, M KOSTKA, P KOTELNIKOV, SK KRASNY, MW KREHBIEL, H KRUCKER, D KRUGER, U KUBENKA, JP KUSTER, H KUHLEN, M KURCA, T KURZHOFER, J KUZNIK, B LACOUR, D LAMARCHE, F LANDER, R LANDON, MPJ LANGE, W LANGKAU, R LANIUS, P LAPORTE, JF LEBEDEV, A LEUSCHNER, A LEVERENZ, C LEVONIAN, S LEWIN, D LEY, C LINDNER, A LINDSTROM, G LINSEL, F LIPINSKI, J LOCH, P LOHMANDER, H LOPEZ, GC LUERS, D MAGNUSSEN, N MALINOVSKI, E MANI, S MARAGE, P MARKS, J MARSHALL, R MARTENS, J MARTIN, R MARTYN, HU MARTYNIAK, J MASSON, S MAVROIDIS, A MAXFIELD, SJ MCMAHON, SJ MEHTA, A MEIER, K MERCER, D MERZ, T MEYER, CA MEYER, H MEYER, J MIKOCKI, S MILONE, V MONNIER, E MOREAU, F MOREELS, J MORRIS, JV MULLER, K MURIN, P MURRAY, SA NAGOVIZIN, V NAROSKA, B NAUMANN, T NEWMAN, PR NEWTON, D NEYRET, D NGUYEN, HK NIEBERGALL, F NIEBUHR, C NISIUS, R NOWAK, G NOYES, GW NYBERG, M OBERLACK, H OBROCK, U OLSSON, JE ORENSTEIN, S OULDSAADA, F PASCAUD, C PATEL, GD PEPPEL, E PETERS, S PHILLIPS, HT PHILLIPS, JP PICHLER, C PILGRAM, W PITZL, D PRELL, S PROSI, R RADEL, G RAUPACH, F RAUSCHNABEL, K REIMER, P REINSHAGEN, S RIBARICS, P RIECH, V RIEDLBERGER, J RIESS, S RIETZ, M ROBERTSON, SM ROBMANN, P ROOSEN, R ROSTOVTSEV, A ROYON, C RUDOWICZ, M RUFFER, M RUSAKOV, S RYBICKI, K SAHLMANN, N SANCHEZ, E SANKEY, DPC SAVITSKY, M SCHACHT, P SCHLEPER, P VONSCHLIPPE, W SCHMIDT, C SCHMIDT, D SCHMITZ, W SCHONING, A SCHRODER, V SCHULZ, M SCHWAB, B SCHWIND, A SCOBEL, W SEEHAUSEN, U SELL, R SEMENOV, A SHEKELYAN, V SHEVIAKOV, I SHOOSHTARI, H SHTARKOV, LN SIEGMON, G SIEWERT, U SIROIS, Y SKILLICORN, IO SMIRNOV, P SMITH, JR SMOLIK, L SOLOVIEV, Y SPITZER, H STAROBA, P STEENBOCK, M STEFFEN, P STEINBERG, R STELLA, B STEPHENS, K STIER, J STOSSLEIN, U STRACHOTA, J STRAUMANN, U STRUCZINSKI, W SUTTON, JP TAYLOR, RE TCHERNYSHOV, V THIEBAUX, C THOMPSON, G TICHOMIROV, I TRUOL, P TURNAU, J TUTAS, J URBAN, L USIK, A VALKAR, S VALKAROVA, A VALLEE, C VANESCH, P VARTAPETIAN, A VAZDIK, Y VECKO, M VERRECCHIA, P VICK, R VILLET, G VOGEL, E WACKER, K WALKER, IW WALTHER, A WEBER, G WEGENER, D WEGNER, A WELLISCH, HP WEST, LR WILLARD, S WINDE, M WINTER, GG WOLFF, T WOMERSLEY, LA WRIGHT, AE WULFF, N YIOU, TP ZACEK, J ZAVADA, P ZEITNITZ, C ZIAEEPOUR, H ZIMMER, M ZIMMERMANN, W ZOMER, F AF ABT, I AHMED, T ANDREEV, V ANDRIEU, B APPUHN, RD ARPAGAUS, M BABAEV, A BARWOLFF, H BAN, J BARANOV, P BARRELET, E BARTEL, W BASSLER, U BECK, HP BEHREND, HJ BELOUSOV, A BERGER, C BERGSTEIN, H BERNARDI, G BERNET, R BERTRANDCOREMANS, G BESANCON, M BIDDULPH, P BINDER, E BISCHOFF, A BIZOT, JC BLOBEL, V BORRAS, K BOSETTI, PC BOUDRY, V BOURDARIOS, C BRASSE, F BRAUN, U BRAUNSCHWEIG, W BRISSON, V BRUNCKO, D BUNGENER, L BURGER, J BUSSER, FW BUNIATIAN, A BURKE, S BUSCHHORN, G CAMPBELL, AJ CARLI, T CHARLES, F CLARKE, D CLEGG, AB COLOMBO, M COUGHLAN, JA COURAU, A COUTURES, C COZZIKA, G CRIEGEE, L CVACH, J DAGORET, S DAINTON, JB DANILOV, M DANN, AWE DAU, WD DAVID, M DEFFUR, E DELCOURT, B DELBUONO, L DEVEL, M DEROECK, A DINGUS, P DOLLFUS, C DOWELL, JD DREIS, HB DRESCHER, A DUBOC, J DULLMANN, D DUNGER, O DUHM, H EBBINGHAUS, R EBERLE, M EBERT, J EBERT, TR ECKERLIN, G EFREMENKO, V EGLI, S EICHENBERGER, S EICHLER, R EISELE, F EISENHANDLER, E ELLIS, NN ELLISON, RJ ELSEN, E ERDMANN, M EVRARD, E FAVART, L FEDOTOV, A FEEKEN, D FELST, R FELTESSE, J FENSOME, IF FERENCEI, J FERRAROTTO, F FLAMM, K FLAUGER, W FLEISCHER, M FLIESER, M FLUGGE, G FOMENKO, A FOMINYKH, B FORBUSH, M FORMANEK, J FOSTER, JM FRANKE, G FRETWURST, E FUHRMANN, P GABATHULER, E GAMERDINGER, K GARVEY, J GAYLER, J GELLRICH, A GENNIS, M GENZEL, H GERHARDS, R GODFREY, L GOERLACH, U GOERLICH, L GOGITIDZE, N GOLDBERG, M GOODALL, AM GORELOV, I GORITCHEV, P GRAB, C GRASSLER, H GRASSLER, R GREENSHAW, T GRIEF, H GRINDHAMMER, G GRUBER, C HAACK, J HAIDT, D HAJDUK, L HAMON, O HANDSCHUH, D HANLON, EM HAPKE, M HARJES, J HAYDAR, R HAYNES, WJ HEATHERINGTON, J HEDBERG, V HEINZELMANN, G HENDERSON, RCW HENSCHEL, H HERMA, R HERYNEK, I HILDESHEIM, W HILL, P HILTON, CD HLADKY, J HOEGER, KC HUET, P HUFNAGEL, H HUOT, N IBBOTSON, M ITTERBECK, H JABIOL, MA JACHOLKOWSKA, A JACOBSSON, C JAFFRE, M JANSEN, T JONSSON, L JOHANNSEN, K JOHNSON, DP JOHNSON, L JUNG, H KALMUS, PIP KASARIAN, S KASCHOWITZ, R KASSELMANN, P KATHAGE, U KAUFMANN, HH KENYON, IR KERMICHE, S KEUKER, C KIESLING, C KLEIN, M KLEINWORT, C KNIES, G KO, W KOHLER, T KOLANOSKI, H KOLE, F KOLYA, SD KORBEL, V KORN, M KOSTKA, P KOTELNIKOV, SK KRASNY, MW KREHBIEL, H KRUCKER, D KRUGER, U KUBENKA, JP KUSTER, H KUHLEN, M KURCA, T KURZHOFER, J KUZNIK, B LACOUR, D LAMARCHE, F LANDER, R LANDON, MPJ LANGE, W LANGKAU, R LANIUS, P LAPORTE, JF LEBEDEV, A LEUSCHNER, A LEVERENZ, C LEVONIAN, S LEWIN, D LEY, C LINDNER, A LINDSTROM, G LINSEL, F LIPINSKI, J LOCH, P LOHMANDER, H LOPEZ, GC LUERS, D MAGNUSSEN, N MALINOVSKI, E MANI, S MARAGE, P MARKS, J MARSHALL, R MARTENS, J MARTIN, R MARTYN, HU MARTYNIAK, J MASSON, S MAVROIDIS, A MAXFIELD, SJ MCMAHON, SJ MEHTA, A MEIER, K MERCER, D MERZ, T MEYER, CA MEYER, H MEYER, J MIKOCKI, S MILONE, V MONNIER, E MOREAU, F MOREELS, J MORRIS, JV MULLER, K MURIN, P MURRAY, SA NAGOVIZIN, V NAROSKA, B NAUMANN, T NEWMAN, PR NEWTON, D NEYRET, D NGUYEN, HK NIEBERGALL, F NIEBUHR, C NISIUS, R NOWAK, G NOYES, GW NYBERG, M OBERLACK, H OBROCK, U OLSSON, JE ORENSTEIN, S OULDSAADA, F PASCAUD, C PATEL, GD PEPPEL, E PETERS, S PHILLIPS, HT PHILLIPS, JP PICHLER, C PILGRAM, W PITZL, D PRELL, S PROSI, R RADEL, G RAUPACH, F RAUSCHNABEL, K REIMER, P REINSHAGEN, S RIBARICS, P RIECH, V RIEDLBERGER, J RIESS, S RIETZ, M ROBERTSON, SM ROBMANN, P ROOSEN, R ROSTOVTSEV, A ROYON, C RUDOWICZ, M RUFFER, M RUSAKOV, S RYBICKI, K SAHLMANN, N SANCHEZ, E SANKEY, DPC SAVITSKY, M SCHACHT, P SCHLEPER, P VONSCHLIPPE, W SCHMIDT, C SCHMIDT, D SCHMITZ, W SCHONING, A SCHRODER, V SCHULZ, M SCHWAB, B SCHWIND, A SCOBEL, W SEEHAUSEN, U SELL, R SEMENOV, A SHEKELYAN, V SHEVIAKOV, I SHOOSHTARI, H SHTARKOV, LN SIEGMON, G SIEWERT, U SIROIS, Y SKILLICORN, IO SMIRNOV, P SMITH, JR SMOLIK, L SOLOVIEV, Y SPITZER, H STAROBA, P STEENBOCK, M STEFFEN, P STEINBERG, R STELLA, B STEPHENS, K STIER, J STOSSLEIN, U STRACHOTA, J STRAUMANN, U STRUCZINSKI, W SUTTON, JP TAYLOR, RE TCHERNYSHOV, V THIEBAUX, C THOMPSON, G TICHOMIROV, I TRUOL, P TURNAU, J TUTAS, J URBAN, L USIK, A VALKAR, S VALKAROVA, A VALLEE, C VANESCH, P VARTAPETIAN, A VAZDIK, Y VECKO, M VERRECCHIA, P VICK, R VILLET, G VOGEL, E WACKER, K WALKER, IW WALTHER, A WEBER, G WEGENER, D WEGNER, A WELLISCH, HP WEST, LR WILLARD, S WINDE, M WINTER, GG WOLFF, T WOMERSLEY, LA WRIGHT, AE WULFF, N YIOU, TP ZACEK, J ZAVADA, P ZEITNITZ, C ZIAEEPOUR, H ZIMMER, M ZIMMERMANN, W ZOMER, F TI A MEASUREMENT OF MULTI-JET RATES IN DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING AT HERA SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIK C-PARTICLES AND FIELDS LA English DT Article ID LUND MONTE-CARLO; PROTON-SCATTERING; MUON SCATTERING; CLUSTERING-ALGORITHM; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; E+E ANNIHILATION; EVENT GENERATOR; CROSS-SECTIONS; FRAGMENTATION; ENERGIES AB Multi-jet production is observed in deep-inelastic electron proton scattering with the H1 detector at HERA. Jet rates for momentum transfers squared up to 500 GeV2 are determined using the JADE jet clustering algorithm. They are found to be in agreement with predictions from QCD based models. C1 RHEIN WESTFAL TH AACHEN,INST PHYS 2,W-5100 AACHEN,GERMANY. UNIV BIRMINGHAM,SCH PHYS & SPACE RES,BIRMINGHAM B15 2TT,W MIDLANDS,ENGLAND. VUB,INTERUNIV INST HIGH ENERGIES,BRUSSELS,BELGIUM. RUTHERFORD APPLETON LAB,DIDCOT OX11 0QX,OXON,ENGLAND. INST NUCL PHYS,PL-31342 KRAKOW,POLAND. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT PHYS,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,IIRPA,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV DORTMUND,INST PHYS,W-4600 DORTMUND 50,GERMANY. CTR ETUD SACLAY,DAPNIA,GIF SUR YVETTE,FRANCE. UNIV GLASGOW,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,GLASGOW G12 8QQ,SCOTLAND. DESY,W-2000 HAMBURG 52,GERMANY. UNIV HAMBURG,INST EXPTL PHYS 1,W-2000 HAMBURG 13,GERMANY. UNIV HAMBURG,INST EXPTL PHYS 2,W-2000 HAMBURG 13,GERMANY. UNIV HEIDELBERG,INST PHYS,W-6900 HEIDELBERG,GERMANY. UNIV HEIDELBERG,INST HOCHENERGIEPHYS,W-6900 HEIDELBERG,GERMANY. CHRISTIAN ALBRECHTS UNIV KIEL,INST REINE & ANGEW KERNPHYS,W-2300 KIEL 1,GERMANY. SLOVAK ACAD SCI,INST EXPTL PHYS,KOSICE,SLOVAKIA. UNIV LANCASTER,SCH PHYS & MAT,LANCASTER LA1 4YL,ENGLAND. UNIV LIVERPOOL,DEPT ORAL PATHOL,LIVERPOOL L69 3BX,ENGLAND. QUEEN MARY & WESTFIELD COLL,LONDON,ENGLAND. LUND UNIV,DEPT PHYS,S-22101 LUND,SWEDEN. UNIV MANCHESTER,DEPT PHYS,MANCHESTER M13 9PL,LANCS,ENGLAND. MOSCOW THEORET & EXPTL PHYS INST,MOSCOW,RUSSIA. LEBEDEV PHYS INST,MOSCOW,RUSSIA. MAX PLANCK INST PHYS & ASTROPHYS,MUNICH,GERMANY. UNIV PARIS 11,LAL,CNRS,IN2P3,F-91405 ORSAY,FRANCE. ECOLE POLYTECH,LPNHE,CNRS,IN2P3,F-91128 PALAISEAU,FRANCE. UNIV PARIS 06,LPNHE,PARIS,FRANCE. UNIV PARIS 07,CNRS,IN2P3,F-75221 PARIS 05,FRANCE. CZECHOSLOVAK ACAD SCI,INST PHYS,CS-11142 PRAGUE 1,CZECH REPUBLIC. CHARLES UNIV,CTR NUCL,CS-11636 PRAGUE 1,CZECH REPUBLIC. INFN,ROME,ITALY. UNIV ROMA LA SAPIENZA,DIPARTIMENTO FIS,I-00185 ROME,ITALY. UNIV GESAMTHSCH WUPPERTAL,FACHBEREICH PHYS,W-5600 WUPPERTAL 1,GERMANY. DESY,INST HOCHENERGIEPHYS,ZEUTHEN,GERMANY. SWISS FED INST TECHNOL,INST MITTELENERGIEPHYS,CH-8092 ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. UNIV ZURICH,INST PHYS,CH-8006 ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94305. RP ABT, I (reprint author), RHEIN WESTFAL TH AACHEN,INST PHYS 1,W-5100 AACHEN,GERMANY. RI Staroba, Pavel/G-8850-2014; DEVEL, Michel/A-5677-2009; Levonian, Sergey/M-8693-2015; Soloviev, Yury/M-8788-2015; Andreev, Vladimir/M-8665-2015; Fomenko, Alexander/I-7900-2014; Malinovski, Evgenii/N-1034-2015; Gogitidze, Nelli/N-1224-2015; Belousov, Anatoli/N-2102-2015; Vazdik, Iakov/N-2624-2015; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Sheviakov, Igor/N-2735-2015; Danilov, Mikhail/C-5380-2014; Kotelnikov, Sergey/A-9711-2014; Cvach, Jaroslav/G-6269-2014; OI DEVEL, Michel/0000-0001-8785-6896; Soloviev, Yury/0000-0003-1136-2827; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Sheviakov, Igor/0000-0002-1659-3483; Danilov, Mikhail/0000-0001-9227-5164; Kotelnikov, Sergey/0000-0002-8027-4612; Meyer, Curtis/0000-0001-7599-3973 NR 41 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0170-9739 J9 Z PHYS C PART FIELDS JI Z. Phys. C-Part. Fields PD JAN PY 1994 VL 61 IS 1 BP 59 EP 66 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA MU748 UT WOS:A1994MU74800006 ER PT J AU ROSS, M YANG, L DAHLING, B WINTER, N AF ROSS, M YANG, L DAHLING, B WINTER, N TI THE INSULATOR-METAL TRANSITION IN EXPANDED CESIUM SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIKALISCHE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE CRITICAL POINT; CS DIMERS; EXCITED CLUSTERS ID ONE-DIMENSIONAL METALS; CHARGE-DENSITY WAVES; PEIERLS DISTORTIONS; HIGH-PRESSURE; METALLIZATION; CU; AG; AU; LI; NA AB We report new first principles total energy calculations which show that the diatomic form of expanded solid cesium is more stable than the monatomic form. Calculations for pairs of dimers Cs2-Cs2 predict the presence of energetically attractive low-lying electron excited states with attractive wells near intermolecular separations comparable to those in the liquid. We propose that the high critical temperature of cesium (1925 K) allows for thermal population of the attractive excited states leading to the formation of molecular clusters. Thus the insulator to metal transition in fluid cesium may be a molecular metallic transition with an intermediate state of molecular clusters formed by thermal excitation. RP ROSS, M (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH 80 PA ROSENHEIMER STR 145 POSTFACH 801360, W-8000 MUNICH 80, GERMANY SN 0942-9352 J9 Z PHYS CHEM JI Z. Phys. Chemie-Int. J. Res. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 1994 VL 184 BP 65 EP 72 PN 1-2 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA NT316 UT WOS:A1994NT31600005 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, JR GAVRA, Z REILLY, JJ AF JOHNSON, JR GAVRA, Z REILLY, JJ TI HYDROGENATION OF 1-OCTENE USING ALPHA/BETA-LANI5HX AS A CATALYST SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIKALISCHE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Metal-Hydrogen Systems: Fundamentals and Applications CY JUN 08-12, 1992 CL UPPSALA, SWEDEN DE LANI5HX; HYDROGENATION CATALYSIS; ALKENE REDUCTION ID ABSORPTION; LANI5 AB The behaviour of LaNi5 as a hydrogenation catalyst has been the subject of several investigations. Soga et al. [1] report that the hydrogenation of ethylene gas in the presence of H-2 at 190-213K by LaNi5 hydride takes place readily by extraction of hydrogen from the hydride phase which consequently decomposes but does not reform in the presence of ethylene. Others [2, 3] have examined a number of AB5 intermetallic compounds (A = rare earth metal and B = Ni) to determine their efficacy as catalysts in the synthesis of ammonia and the reduction of CO at elevated temperatures (> 575 K). In both cases the intermetallic compound decomposed to form an oxide or nitride phase plus elemental Ni, however, this mixture exhibited significant catalytic activity, behaving much like elemental Ni on a metal oxide support. Johnson et al. [4] report that both hydrided and dehydrided LaNi5 is an effective heterogeneous catalyst for the hydrogenation of 1-undecene at 308 K. Their investigation was concerned primarily with the determination of the differential activity of the catalyst due to the presence or absence of the hydride phase. This paper is an extension of the latter work in which the hydrogenation of 1-octene is addressed using LaNi5Hx as a heterogeneous catalyst. RP JOHNSON, JR (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH 80 PA ROSENHEIMER STR 145 POSTFACH 801360, W-8000 MUNICH 80, GERMANY SN 0942-9352 J9 Z PHYS CHEM JI Z. Phys. Chemie-Int. J. Res. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 1994 VL 183 BP 391 EP 398 PN 1-2 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA NQ706 UT WOS:A1994NQ70600049 ER PT B AU NORBY, P CHRISTENSEN, AN HANSON, JC AF NORBY, P CHRISTENSEN, AN HANSON, JC BE Weitkamp, J Karge, HG Pfeifer, H Holderich, W TI IN-SITU STUDIES OF ZEOLITE SYNTHESES USING POWDER DIFFRACTION METHODS - CRYSTALLIZATION OF INSTANT-ZEOLITE-A POWDER AND SYNTHESIS OF COAPO-5 SO ZEOLITES AND RELATED MICROPOROUS MATERIALS: STATE OF THE ART 1994 SE STUDIES IN SURFACE SCIENCE AND CATALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Zeolite Conference CY JUL 17-22, 1994 CL GARMISCH PARTENKIR, GERMANY ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; INSITU AB A series of hydrothermal zeolite synthesis were performed on a powder diffractometer using synchrotron radiation and a position sensitive detector. Direct observation of the induction period (nucleation stage), crystallization and transformation of zeolite 4A (Na-LTA) was possible due to the intense X-ray beam which allows fast data collection High pressure experiments were performed, allowing observation of hydrothermal synthesis of a cobalt substituted aluminophosphate molecular sieve, CoAPO-5, up to 165 degrees C. The temperature dependence of crystallization rates of CoAPO-5 was studied. At 135 degrees C the crystallization of CoAPO-5 is completed within a few minutes. Rate expressions were fitted to the crystallization curves. A narrowing of the widths of the diffraction peaks was observed during crystallization, signifying crystal growth. A simplified model for the dependence of half width with time was derrived. This is to our knowledge the first time resolved powder diffraction studies of zeolite syntheses using angle dispersive synchrotron powder diffraction. C1 AARHUS UNIV,DEPT CHEM,DK-8000 AARHUS,DENMARK. ODENSE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,DK-5230 ODENSE M,DENMARK. RP NORBY, P (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. RI Hanson, jonathan/E-3517-2010; Norby, Poul/B-9047-2014 OI Norby, Poul/0000-0002-2590-7050 NR 10 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-81847-2 J9 STUD SURF SCI CATAL PY 1994 VL 84 BP 179 EP 186 PN A-C PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BD02E UT WOS:A1994BD02E00022 ER PT S AU JANICKE, M CHMELKA, BF LARSEN, RG SHORE, J SCHMIDT-ROHR, K EMSLEY, L LONG, H PINES, A AF JANICKE, M CHMELKA, BF LARSEN, RG SHORE, J SCHMIDT-ROHR, K EMSLEY, L LONG, H PINES, A BE Weitkamp, J Karge, HG Pfeifer, H Holderich, W TI 2-DIMENSIONAL XE-129 EXCHANGE NMR MEASUREMENTS OF XENON DYNAMICS IN NA-A ZEOLITE SO ZEOLITES AND RELATED MICROPOROUS MATERIALS: STATE OF THE ART 1994 SE Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Zeolite Conference CY JUL 17-22, 1994 CL GARMISCH PARTENKIR, GERMANY ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SPECTROSCOPY; CAVITIES AB Two-dimensional (2D) exchange NMR is a powerful tool for measuring the dynamics and energetics of adsorbed xenon atoms undergoing slow exchange between the alpha-cages of Na-A zeolite. In this proceedings, we present recently published results, as well as additional discussion and data obtained, using 2D Xe-129 NMR to determine rate coefficients for intercage xenon hopping and to correlate them with adsorption and activation energies. Variable-temperature experiments establish the activation energy for hopping between alpha-cages to be 60+/-10 kJ/mol. The dependence of these kinetic and thermodynamic quantities on xenon occupancy of the alpha-cages reflects the importance of intracage interactions on the behavior of the adsorbed guest molecules. C1 UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA, DEPT CHEM & NUCL ENGN, SANTA BARBARA, CA 93106 USA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, DIV MAT SCI, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, DEPT CHEM, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. RI Emsley, Lyndon/C-6108-2008; larsen, russell/H-3443-2013 OI Emsley, Lyndon/0000-0003-1360-2572; NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2991 BN 0-444-81847-2 J9 STUD SURF SCI CATAL PY 1994 VL 84 BP 519 EP 526 PN A-C PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BD02E UT WOS:A1994BD02E00063 ER PT B AU RICHARDSON, JW LEWIS, MA MCCART, BR AF RICHARDSON, JW LEWIS, MA MCCART, BR BE Weitkamp, J Karge, HG Pfeifer, H Holderich, W TI CATION SEGREGATION IN SIMULATED RADIOACTIVE-WASTE ZEOLITE-A MIXTURES SO ZEOLITES AND RELATED MICROPOROUS MATERIALS: STATE OF THE ART 1994 SE STUDIES IN SURFACE SCIENCE AND CATALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Zeolite Conference CY JUL 17-22, 1994 CL GARMISCH PARTENKIR, GERMANY ID PULSED NEUTRON SOURCE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SI,AL-ORDERED SUPERSTRUCTURE; ABSENCE; REFINEMENT AB Segregation of cations based on size is observed in samples of zeolite-A loaded with simulated radioactive-waste (similar to 5 wt.% Li, K, Cs and Ba, 1 wt.% Sr and Y, <1 wt.% Na) prepared from chloride salts. In contrast to traditional Na zeolite-A, for which all 8-ring access super (alpha) cages are identical and situated on a simple face-centered-cubic lattice, these simulated rad-waste mixtures contain two types of alpha-cages situated on a NaCl-like lattice. The long range ordering of extra-framework ions is propagated by severe distortion of framework oxygens due to strong coordination with Li. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM TECHNOL,ARGONNE,IL 60439. AUGUSTANA COLL,DEPT PHYS,ROCK ISL,IL 61201. RP RICHARDSON, JW (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV INTENSE PULSED NEUTRON SOURCE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-81847-2 J9 STUD SURF SCI CATAL PY 1994 VL 84 BP 741 EP 747 PN A-C PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BD02E UT WOS:A1994BD02E00091 ER PT B AU TROUW, F ITON, LE DAVIS, ME AF TROUW, F ITON, LE DAVIS, ME BE Weitkamp, J Karge, HG Pfeifer, H Holderich, W TI INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING AND MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS OF WATER ADSORBED IN THE MOLECULAR-SIEVES ALPO4-II, ALPO4-5, ALPO4-8, AND VPI-5 SO ZEOLITES AND RELATED MICROPOROUS MATERIALS: STATE OF THE ART 1994 SE STUDIES IN SURFACE SCIENCE AND CATALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Zeolite Conference CY JUL 17-22, 1994 CL GARMISCH PARTENKIR, GERMANY ID DIFFRACTION; NMR C1 CALTECH,DEPT CHEM ENGN,PASADENA,CA 91125. RP TROUW, F (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-81847-2 J9 STUD SURF SCI CATAL PY 1994 VL 84 BP 851 EP 858 PN A-C PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BD02E UT WOS:A1994BD02E00105 ER PT B AU HENSON, NJ CHEETHAM, AK REDONDO, A LEVINE, SM NEWSAM, JM AF HENSON, NJ CHEETHAM, AK REDONDO, A LEVINE, SM NEWSAM, JM BE Weitkamp, J Karge, HG Pfeifer, H Holderich, W TI COMPUTER-SIMULATIONS OF BENZENE IN FAUJASITE-TYPE ZEOLITES SO ZEOLITES AND RELATED MICROPOROUS MATERIALS: STATE OF THE ART 1994 SE STUDIES IN SURFACE SCIENCE AND CATALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Zeolite Conference CY JUL 17-22, 1994 CL GARMISCH PARTENKIR, GERMANY ID POWDER NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; SODIUM-Y ZEOLITE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; LOCALIZATION; ADSORPTION; SOLIDS; NMR C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. BIOSYM TECHNOL INC,SAN DIEGO,CA 92121. RP HENSON, NJ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,DEPT MAT,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106, USA. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-81847-2 J9 STUD SURF SCI CATAL PY 1994 VL 84 BP 2059 EP 2066 PN A-C PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BD02E UT WOS:A1994BD02E00253 ER PT B AU MAGINN, EJ BELL, AT THEODOROU, DN AF MAGINN, EJ BELL, AT THEODOROU, DN BE Weitkamp, J Karge, HG Pfeifer, H Holderich, W TI LOW-OCCUPANCY SORPTION THERMODYNAMICS OF LONG ALKANES IN SILICALITE VIA MOLECULAR SIMULATION SO ZEOLITES AND RELATED MICROPOROUS MATERIALS: STATE OF THE ART 1994 SE STUDIES IN SURFACE SCIENCE AND CATALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Zeolite Conference CY JUL 17-22, 1994 CL GARMISCH PARTENKIR, GERMANY ID MONTE-CARLO; DYNAMICS; ADSORPTION; METHANE; BUTANE AB A new simulation method is described that allows the efficient calculation of the low-occupancy sorption thermodynamics of long, flexible chain molecules in zeolites or other microporous materials. Our results show that the isosteric heat is a linear function of chain length. Henry's constant calculations show that, while there is a strong thermodynamic driving force for sorption for chains as long as C-28, entropic penalties associated with sorption from the gas phase begin to become significant for chains longer than C-10. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,CTR ADV MAT,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP MAGINN, EJ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT CHEM,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. OI Theodorou, Doros/0000-0002-4763-9739; Bell, Alexis/0000-0002-5738-4645 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-81847-2 J9 STUD SURF SCI CATAL PY 1994 VL 84 BP 2099 EP 2105 PN A-C PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BD02E UT WOS:A1994BD02E00258 ER PT J AU LEAHY, DJ CYR, DR OSBORN, DL NEUMARK, DM AF LEAHY, DJ CYR, DR OSBORN, DL NEUMARK, DM TI OBSERVATION OF THE CORRELATED O P-3(J1), P-3(J2) STATE DISTRIBUTION FROM THE PREDISSOCIATION OF O-2 B (3)SIGMA(-)(U) SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RUNGE ABSORPTION-BANDS; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETER; OXYGEN MOLECULES; PHOTODISSOCIATION DYNAMICS; PHOTO-DISSOCIATION; CROSS-SECTIONS; O-16 O-18; NM; BEAM; TIME AB A fast beam photofragment translational spectroscopy study of the predissociation of the O-2 B (3) Sigma(u)(-) state is presented. A 5 keV beam of vibrationally excited O-2 X (3) Sigma(g)(-) is prepared via photodetachment of O-2(-). The B (3) Sigma(u)(-) (v' = 7) <-- X (3) Sigma(g)(-) (v'' = 4) transition of the Schumann-Runge band is then excited, resulting in predissociation to two O P-3(j) atoms. We determine the photofragment kinetic energy angular distribution using a time- and position-sensitive detector. Our energy resolution (10 meV) is sufficient to resolve the energy splittings of the O atom spin-orbit levels, enabling us to determine the correlated (j(1), j(2)) fine structure distribution for the photofragments. These results do not appear to be consistent with predictions based on a recent model of O-2 B (3) Sigma(u)(-) state predissociation. C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV CHEM SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP LEAHY, DJ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT CHEM,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Osborn, David/A-2627-2009; Neumark, Daniel/B-9551-2009 OI Neumark, Daniel/0000-0002-3762-9473 NR 50 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 1993 VL 216 IS 3-6 BP 503 EP 511 DI 10.1016/0009-2614(93)90134-M PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA MP572 UT WOS:A1993MP57200045 ER PT J AU GRAY, JA TREBINO, R AF GRAY, JA TREBINO, R TI 2-PHOTON-RESONANT 4-WAVE-MIXING SPECTROSCOPY OF ATOMIC-HYDROGEN IN FLAMES SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; H-ATOM; STIMULATED-EMISSION; IONIZATION; MOLECULES; PLASMA AB We report a new diagnostic technique based on resonant four-wave-mixing spectroscopy of the two-photon 1s-->2s transition in atomic hydrogen. Observations including Doppler-free spectral lineshapes and saturation behavior are related to models for the nonlinear optical processes. Two-photon wave-mixing measurements of atomic hydrogen concentration in laboratory flames at pressures of 30-760 Torr appear to be less susceptible to errors from collisional quenching than similar measurements made using laser-induced fluorescence. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,COMBUST RES FACIL,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. NR 33 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 1993 VL 216 IS 3-6 BP 519 EP 524 DI 10.1016/0009-2614(93)90136-O PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA MP572 UT WOS:A1993MP57200047 ER PT J AU HARRIS, SE SILKS, LA DUNLAP, RB ODOM, JD KOSH, JW AF HARRIS, SE SILKS, LA DUNLAP, RB ODOM, JD KOSH, JW TI SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL TELLURIUM CONTAINING ANALOGS OF CHOLINE AND ACETYLCHOLINE AND THEIR QUANTITATION BY PYROLYSIS-GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article ID BRAIN AB Methods for the synthesis and quantitation of the novel choline analogues, telluronium choline and acetyltelluronium choline, are described. An assay procedure utilizing pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) with cold trapping was developed with [H-2(4)]telluronium choline and [H-2(4)]acetyltelluronium choline as internal standards. The telluronium compounds were ion-pair extracted from tissue with dipicrylamine, washed with 2-butanone, and pyrolyzed prior to CC-MS analysis. The compounds were monitored using selected ion monitoring at m/z 232 and m/z 190 for acetyltelluronium and telluronium choline, respectively, and at m/z 236 and m/z 194 for the analogous deuterated internal standards. The assay was linear over a range of 20 pmol-20 nmol of compound taken through the assay. C1 UNIV S CAROLINA,COLL PHARM,COLUMBIA,SC 29208. UNIV S CAROLINA,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,COLUMBIA,SC 29208. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,BIOCHEM & SPECT SECT,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR 02231-10, 1-S10-RR02425]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM42907] NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD DEC 31 PY 1993 VL 657 IS 2 BP 395 EP 404 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(93)80295-J PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA MW229 UT WOS:A1993MW22900012 PM 8130881 ER PT J AU SMITH, PH BARR, ME BRAINARD, JR FORD, DK FREISER, H MURALIDHARAN, S REILLY, SD RYAN, RR SILKS, LA YU, WH AF SMITH, PH BARR, ME BRAINARD, JR FORD, DK FREISER, H MURALIDHARAN, S REILLY, SD RYAN, RR SILKS, LA YU, WH TI SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF 2 NITROGEN-DONOR CRYPTANDS SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MACROBICYCLIC LIGANDS; INCLUSION COMPLEXES; CHEMISTRY; MOLECULES C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT CHEM,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP SMITH, PH (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CST-3,MS C346,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 26 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD DEC 31 PY 1993 VL 58 IS 27 BP 7939 EP 7941 DI 10.1021/jo00079a051 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA MQ573 UT WOS:A1993MQ57300051 ER PT J AU RUDNICKI, JD BRISARD, GM GASTEIGER, HA RUSSO, RE MCLARNON, FR CAIRNS, EJ AF RUDNICKI, JD BRISARD, GM GASTEIGER, HA RUSSO, RE MCLARNON, FR CAIRNS, EJ TI EFFECT OF THE SUPPORTING ELECTROLYTE AND BEAM DIAMETER ON PROBE BEAM DEFLECTION EXPERIMENTS SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROCHEMICAL CONCENTRATION PROFILES; MODEL PORE ELECTRODE; CONCENTRATION GRADIENTS; ABSORPTION SPECTROELECTROCHEMISTRY; CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTIONS; COATED ELECTRODES; MIRAGE DETECTION; DIFFUSION LAYER; MASS-TRANSPORT; INSITU AB The effects of the presence of supporting electrolyte and the beam diameter on probe beam deflection experiments were investigated both theoretically and experimentally. A mass-transfer: limited potential step experiment with the ferricyanide/ferrocyanide redox couple is used to illustrate these effects. Although the supporting electrolyte does not react, the transference number of the supporting electrolyte is close to unity, which results in concentration gradients forming in the supporting electrolyte. We show here that these concentration gradients should not be neglected. Analytic solutions for a potential step and fast kinetics are developed both with and without considering the concentration gradients in the supporting electrolyte. The model agrees quantitatively with experiments performed in K2SO4, KCl, and KOH. Typical probe beams are too large in diameter to be approximated as an infinitely thin ray. The models include consideration of the finite diameter of the probe beam. The results show that a 200 mu m diameter probe beam is too large to detect unique features of the potential step experiment and that a 100 mu m diameter probe beam should be able to detect these features. The difficulties of determining diffusion coefficients from the probe beam deflection are discussed. It is concluded that it is impossible to determine the diffusion coefficients of the reactant and product from the extremum of the probe beam deflection. A non-linear regression of the model to experimental data is possible in theory, but is susceptible to error. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT CHEM ENGN,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP RUDNICKI, JD (reprint author), LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV ENERGY & ENVIRONM,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Cairns, Elton/E-8873-2012 OI Cairns, Elton/0000-0002-1179-7591 NR 66 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-0728 J9 J ELECTROANAL CHEM JI J. Electroanal. Chem. PD DEC 30 PY 1993 VL 362 IS 1-2 BP 55 EP 69 DI 10.1016/0022-0728(93)80006-4 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA MP838 UT WOS:A1993MP83800006 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, KK HOBBS, JD LUO, LA STANLEY, KD QUIRKE, JME SHELNUTT, JA AF ANDERSON, KK HOBBS, JD LUO, LA STANLEY, KD QUIRKE, JME SHELNUTT, JA TI PLANAR NONPLANAR CONFORMATIONAL EQUILIBRIUM IN METAL DERIVATIVES OF OCTAETHYLPORPHYRIN AND MESO-NITROOCTAETHYLPORPHYRIN SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE RAMAN-SPECTRA; BACTERIUM RHODOPSEUDOMONAS-VIRIDIS; PHOTOSYNTHETIC REACTION CENTER; PORPHYRIN FORCE-FIELD; NICKEL OCTAETHYLPORPHYRIN; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; F430; COORDINATION; RESOLUTION; CHEMISTRY AB The planar and nonplanar conformers of metal derivatives of 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethylporphyrin (OEP) and 5-nitro-2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethylporphyrin (NO2-OEP) are investigated using resonance Raman spectroscopy. The structural heterogeneity is assessed by analysis of the line shapes of the structure-sensitive Raman lines. First, heterogeneity in the conformation of the macrocycle has been detected in solutions of the nickel and cobalt derivatives of OEP, that is, both planar and nonplanar conformers are found to coexist at room temperature for these metal porphyrins but not for the Cu and Zn derivatives. The latter metals expand the porphryin core, shifting the equilibrium entirely to the planar conformer. Second, we find that substitution with a single NO2 group at one of the methine-bridge carbons shifts this planar-nonplanar equilibrium substantially toward the nonplanar conformer. Thus, both crowding of the peripheral substituents and contracting of the porphyrin core (Ni(II) < Co(II) < Cu(II) < Zn(II)) displace the equilibrium toward the nonplanar conformer. Finally, the frequencies of several Raman lines correlate with structural parameters such as core size (obtained either from molecular mechanics calculations or from X-ray crystallographic studies). The calculations predict and the marker line frequencies verify that a small expansion of the core results from the steric repulsion between the nitro and the ethyl groups. Core size dependence of the intensities and frequencies of the NO2 stretching vibrations suggests that the NO2 stretches are coupled to nearby vibrational modes of the porphyrin macrocycle. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,FUEL SCI DEPT 6211,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. UNIV NEW MEXICO,DEPT CHEM,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. FLORIDA INT UNIV,DEPT CHEM,MIAMI,FL 33199. RI Shelnutt, John/A-9987-2009 OI Shelnutt, John/0000-0001-7368-582X NR 39 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 29 PY 1993 VL 115 IS 26 BP 12346 EP 12352 DI 10.1021/ja00079a015 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MQ100 UT WOS:A1993MQ10000015 ER PT J AU WEEKS, SC GAGGIOTTI, OE AF WEEKS, SC GAGGIOTTI, OE TI PATTERNS OF OFFSPRING SIZE AT BIRTH IN CLONAL AND SEXUAL STRAINS OF POECILIOPSIS (POECILIIDAE) SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID PARENTAL INVESTMENT; PROPAGULE SIZE; CLUTCH SIZE; FISH; ENVIRONMENTS; PLASTICITY; MOSQUITOFISH; POPULATION; EVOLUTION; GENETICS AB Females from two closely related reproductive complexes of Poeciliopsis reared under common conditions differed in weight of offspring at birth. The two fish strains from a more variable, upstream environment had significantly larger offspring than did three downstream fish strains. There was no consistent pattern of within-clutch variation for the two reproductive complexes. We interpret these data by examining the biotic and abiotic environmental factors in the natural habitats of these two reproductive complexes that may affect offspring size at birth and relate these observations to current adaptive explanations for differences in offspring size. Larger offspring were significantly less likely to be cannibalized by adult Poeciliopsis. Cannibalism, combined with the possibility of size-selective predation by insect predators in the upstream habitat, might lead to an advantage of producing larger offspring in these streams. No trends between these two reproductive complexes were found in within-clutch variation in offspring size consistent with predictions of ''bet-hedging'' life-history models. C1 RUTGERS UNIV,COOK COLL,CTR THEORET & APPL GENET,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903. RP WEEKS, SC (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,SAVANNAH RIVER ECOL LAB,DRAWER E,AIKEN,SC 29802, USA. RI Gaggiotti, Oscar/G-2459-2010 OI Gaggiotti, Oscar/0000-0003-1827-1493 NR 39 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS BUSINESS OFFICE PI CARBONDALE PA SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIV, DEPT ZOOLOGY, CARBONDALE, IL 62901-6501 SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD DEC 28 PY 1993 IS 4 BP 1003 EP 1009 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA MP586 UT WOS:A1993MP58600007 ER PT J AU BELK, MC HALES, LS AF BELK, MC HALES, LS TI PREDATION-INDUCED DIFFERENCES IN GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION OF BLUEGILLS (LEPOMIS-MACROCHIRUS) SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID LIFE HISTORIES; HABITAT SELECTION; LARGEMOUTH BASS; AGE; RISK; COMPETITION; SUNFISHES; POPULATIONS; EVOLUTION; COMMUNITY AB We compared growth and reproduction of bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus) in a reservoir where fishing was not allowed (Par Pond, South Carolina) to reservoirs that are fished. Because of intense fishing pressure, public reservoirs have relatively low abundance and small size-structure of natural predators (e.g., largemouth bass). Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) in Par Pond were 3-4 times more abundant and 10-30% larger than bass in other reservoirs in the southeastern United States. Bluegills in Par Pond grew faster and attained larger adult sizes than bluegills in other populations. Par Pond bluegills were about two years older and 80 mm longer at maturity than bluegills in other southeastern United States reservoirs. Bluegills in Par Pond began reproduction at about the same size that they outgrew the threat of predation (about 190 mm total length). Differences in bluegill growth and reproduction appeared largely attributable to differences in abundance and size structure of predators in these reservoirs. Effects of high levels of predation on growth rates and reproduction of bluegills in this study were different from the effects of predation at low levels as studied in other systems. C1 UNIV GEORGIA, SAVANNAH RIVER ECOL LAB, AIKEN, SC 29802 USA. BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV, DEPT ZOOL, PROVO, UT 84602 USA. UNIV GEORGIA, DEPT ZOOL, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA. UNIV GEORGIA, INST ECOL, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA. NR 61 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD DEC 28 PY 1993 IS 4 BP 1034 EP 1044 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA MP586 UT WOS:A1993MP58600011 ER PT J AU ZHOU, DS HOLLAND, OW BUDAI, JD AF ZHOU, DS HOLLAND, OW BUDAI, JD TI STRAIN RELIEF MECHANISM FOR DAMAGE GROWTH DURING HIGH-DOSE, O+ IMPLANTATION OF SI SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SILICON-ON-INSULATOR; OXYGEN IMPLANTATION; LAYERS; FILMS AB Ion-induced damage accumulation and growth during separation by implantation of oxygen (SIMOX) processing were studied. Silicon wafers were implanted with 450 keV oxygen ions at an elevated temperature with doses of 0.8 X 10(18) and 1.1 X 10(18) cm-2. At the lower dose, the silicon overlayer was found to be highly strained but free of dislocations, while a distinct band of dislocations was observed in the top Si layer at the higher dose. The occurrence of this band is shown to correlate with strain relief in the overlayer. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, cross-section transmission electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction were used to characterize this damage so that its role in releasing the accumulated strain during ion implantation could be better understood. Additional insight was gained into the nature of the damage formed at the different doses by studying the thermal stability at 900-degrees-C. Markedly different thermal behaviors were observed and are correlated to changes in the strain state of each sample. These results strongly suggest that dislocation formation in the Si overlayer during the SIMOX process is in response to strain accumulation in the lattice and that dislocation-free layers can be formed by appropriate intervention prior to the yield point. This mechanism for dislocation formation is thought to be generally operative under extreme irradiation conditions and, therefore, will be important to other ion-beam synthesis processes such as buried silicide formation. RP ZHOU, DS (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Budai, John/R-9276-2016 OI Budai, John/0000-0002-7444-1306 NR 24 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 27 PY 1993 VL 63 IS 26 BP 3580 EP 3582 DI 10.1063/1.110103 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA MP313 UT WOS:A1993MP31300013 ER PT J AU KOELLE, D MIKLICH, AH DANTSKER, E LUDWIG, F NEMETH, DT CLARKE, J RUBY, W CHAR, K AF KOELLE, D MIKLICH, AH DANTSKER, E LUDWIG, F NEMETH, DT CLARKE, J RUBY, W CHAR, K TI HIGH-PERFORMANCE DC SQUID MAGNETOMETERS WITH SINGLE-LAYER YBA2CU3O7-X FLUX TRANSFORMERS SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GRAIN-BOUNDARY JUNCTIONS; FLICKER 1/F NOISE AB We have fabricated high-transition temperature superconducting magnetometers involving a flux transformer patterned in a single film of YBa2Cu3O7-x, (YBCO) on a 50-mm-diam substrate. This transformer is inductively coupled to a loop that in tum is directly coupled to a dc superconducting quantum interference device, patterned in a single layer of YBCO deposited on a SrTiO3 bicrystal. At 77 K, the lowest magnetic field noise achieved is 31 fT Hz-1/2 at frequencies above 5 Hz, increasing to 39 fT Hz-1/2 at 1 Hz. C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, DIV MAT SCI, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. CONDUCTUS INC, SUNNYVALE, CA 94086 USA. RP UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, DEPT PHYS, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. RI Koelle, Dieter/E-5111-2011 NR 17 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 27 PY 1993 VL 63 IS 26 BP 3630 EP 3632 DI 10.1063/1.110071 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA MP313 UT WOS:A1993MP31300030 ER PT J AU FLIBOTTE, S ANDREWS, HR BALL, GC BEAUSANG, CW BECK, FA BELIER, G BYRSKI, T CURIEN, D DAGNALL, PJ DEFRANCE, G DISDIER, D DUCHENE, G FINCK, C HAAS, B HACKMAN, G HASLIP, DS JANZEN, VP KHARRAJA, B LISLE, JC MERDINGER, JC MULLINS, SM NAZAREWICZ, W RADFORD, DC RAUCH, V SAVAJOLS, H STYCZEN, J THEISEN, C TWIN, PJ VIVIEN, JP WADDINGTON, JC WARD, D ZUBER, K ABERG, S AF FLIBOTTE, S ANDREWS, HR BALL, GC BEAUSANG, CW BECK, FA BELIER, G BYRSKI, T CURIEN, D DAGNALL, PJ DEFRANCE, G DISDIER, D DUCHENE, G FINCK, C HAAS, B HACKMAN, G HASLIP, DS JANZEN, VP KHARRAJA, B LISLE, JC MERDINGER, JC MULLINS, SM NAZAREWICZ, W RADFORD, DC RAUCH, V SAVAJOLS, H STYCZEN, J THEISEN, C TWIN, PJ VIVIEN, JP WADDINGTON, JC WARD, D ZUBER, K ABERG, S TI DELTA-I=4 BIFURCATION IN A SUPERDEFORMED BAND - EVIDENCE FOR A C(4) SYMMETRY SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GD-149; STATES; NUCLEI AB The moment of inertia of the yrast superdeformed band in 149Gd exhibits an unexpected bifurcation at high rotational frequency. States differing by four units of angular momentum show an energy shift of about 60 eV. This indicates the remnant of a new quantum number associated with the fourfold rotational symmetry. C1 AECL RES,CHALK RIVER LABS,CHALK RIVER K0J 1J0,ON,CANADA. UNIV LIVERPOOL,OLIVER LODGE LAB,LIVERPOOL L69 3BX,ENGLAND. MCMASTER UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,HAMILTON L8S 4M1,ONTARIO,CANADA. UNIV MANCHESTER,SCHUSTER LAB,MANCHESTER M13 9PL,LANCS,ENGLAND. UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PHYS,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. INST NUCL PHYS,PL-31342 KRAKOW,POLAND. LUND INST TECHNOL,DEPT MATH PHYS,S-22007 LUND,SWEDEN. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,JOINT INST HEAVY ION RES,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP FLIBOTTE, S (reprint author), UNIV LOUIS PASTEUR,INST NATL PHYS NUCL & PHYS,CTR RECH NUCL,CNRS PARTICULES,F-67037 STRASBOURG,FRANCE. RI CURIEN, Dominique/B-6718-2013; radford, David/A-3928-2015; THEISEN, Christophe/A-9343-2015 OI THEISEN, Christophe/0000-0002-8509-1022 NR 24 TC 135 Z9 137 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 27 PY 1993 VL 71 IS 26 BP 4299 EP 4302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.4299 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA MN944 UT WOS:A1993MN94400005 ER PT J AU OREL, AE KULANDER, KC AF OREL, AE KULANDER, KC TI RESONANT DISSOCIATIVE RECOMBINATION OF H-3+ SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FORMULATION; H3+ AB A recently reported peak near 9.5 eV in the cross section for electron impact dissociative recombination of vibrationally cold H-3+ is due to four H-3 resonance states. Using a complex Kohn, electron scattering variational method to obtain resonance energies and widths and a time-dependent wave packet calculation of the dissociation dynamics in the presence of autoionization, we obtain excellent agreement with the position, shape, and magnitude of the reported feature. Vibrational excitation of H-3+ is a dominant competing channel due to a high probability of autoionization during dissociation. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,PHYS SCI DIRECTORATE,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. RP OREL, AE (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT APPL SCI,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 14 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 27 PY 1993 VL 71 IS 26 BP 4315 EP 4318 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.4315 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA MN944 UT WOS:A1993MN94400009 ER PT J AU VAGER, Z ZAJFMAN, D GRABER, T KANTER, EP AF VAGER, Z ZAJFMAN, D GRABER, T KANTER, EP TI EXPERIMENTAL-EVIDENCE FOR ANOMALOUS NUCLEAR DELOCALIZATION IN C2H3 + SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PROTONATED ACETYLENE; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; CARBO-IONS; SPECTRUM AB The structure of protonated acetylene (C2H3+), including correlations, is measured and analyzed by an advanced Coulomb explosion imaging method. In the data analysis, it is essential to include large-amplitude motions of the nuclei within the molecule and many-body correlation features for revealing the correct structure. We find that the nuclear conformations in this molecule differ markedly from theoretical predictions and previous experimental findings. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB, DIV PHYS, ARGONNE, IL 60439 USA. UNIV ILLINOIS, DEPT PHYS, CHICAGO, IL 60680 USA. RP WEIZMANN INST SCI, DEPT NUCL PHYS, IL-76100 REHOVOT, ISRAEL. NR 22 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 27 PY 1993 VL 71 IS 26 BP 4319 EP 4322 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.4319 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA MN944 UT WOS:A1993MN94400010 ER PT J AU HANSON, AL BAJT, S JOHNSON, BM MERON, M RIVERS, ML AF HANSON, AL BAJT, S JOHNSON, BM MERON, M RIVERS, ML TI BELOW EDGE X-RAY-EMISSION STRUCTURE SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article ID RESONANT RAMAN-SCATTERING; COMPTON-SCATTERING; RADIATION; RRS AB High-resolution spectroscopy was used to study X-ray resonant Raman scattering, or the below edge X-ray emission structure, of three different chromium compounds. The measured energy shifts of the spectral features are not consistent with theoretical predictions. This work demonstrates that a technique based on BEXES can be developed for oxidation state determinations. C1 UNIV CHICAGO,CHICAGO,IL 60637. RP HANSON, AL (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. RI Bajt, Sasa/G-2228-2010 NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD DEC 27 PY 1993 VL 184 IS 1 BP 143 EP 147 DI 10.1016/0375-9601(93)90362-4 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA MQ730 UT WOS:A1993MQ73000027 ER PT J AU HULETT, LD DONOHUE, DL XU, J LEWIS, TA MCLUCKEY, SA GLISH, GL AF HULETT, LD DONOHUE, DL XU, J LEWIS, TA MCLUCKEY, SA GLISH, GL TI MASS-SPECTROMETRY STUDIES OF THE IONIZATION OF ORGANIC-MOLECULES BY LOW-ENERGY POSITRONS SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Positrons having energies in the range of 0.2-10 eV have been used to ionize large organic molecules. For positrons having energies above 2-3 eV ionization Occurs by positronium formation. In this paper new results are reported that describe the ionization of molecules at energies below the positronium formation threshold. Contrary to expectations, ionization by positrons having energy below the positronium threshold has been found to induce extensive fragmentation in sigma-bonded molecules. The necessary energy for ionizing the molecules and inducing fragmentation is supplied through the positron-electron annihilation process. RP HULETT, LD (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI McLuckey, Scott/B-2203-2009 OI McLuckey, Scott/0000-0002-1648-5570 NR 12 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 24 PY 1993 VL 216 IS 1-2 BP 236 EP 240 DI 10.1016/0009-2614(93)E1231-5 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA MM632 UT WOS:A1993MM63200039 ER PT J AU GINOCCHIO, JN AF GINOCCHIO, JN TI SIMPLE-MODELS OF COMPLEX NUCLEI - THE SHELL-MODEL AND INTERACTING BOSON MODEL - TALMI,I SO SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review RP GINOCCHIO, JN (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 24 PY 1993 VL 262 IS 5142 BP 2070 EP 2071 DI 10.1126/science.262.5142.2070-a PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA MN108 UT WOS:A1993MN10800053 PM 17794975 ER PT J AU GOSLING, JT BAME, SJ MCCOMAS, DJ PHILLIPS, JL PIZZO, VJ GOLDSTEIN, BE NEUGEBAUER, M AF GOSLING, JT BAME, SJ MCCOMAS, DJ PHILLIPS, JL PIZZO, VJ GOLDSTEIN, BE NEUGEBAUER, M TI LATITUDINAL VARIATION OF SOLAR-WIND COROTATING STREAM INTERACTION REGIONS - ULYSSES SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PIONEER-10 AB Ulysses' initial transit to high heliographic latitudes at a heliocentric distance of approximately 5 AU has revealed systematic effects in the latitudinal evolution of corotating interaction regions (CIRs). At a latitude corresponding roughly to, but slightly less than, the inferred tilt of the coronal streamer belt and embedded heliospheric current sheet, the strong forward shocks commonly associated with CIRs at lower latitudes disappeared almost entirely; however, the reverse shocks associated with these CIRs persisted to latitudes approximately 10-degrees above the streamer belt. Systematic meridional flow deflections observed in association with the forward and reverse waves bounding the CIRs demonstrate that the above effect is the result of the fact that the forward waves propagate to lower latitudes and the reverse waves to higher latitudes with increasing heliocentric distance. These observational results are in excellent agreement with the predictions of a three-dimensional model of corotating solar wind flows that originate in a tilted dipole geometry back at the Sun, C1 SAN JUAN INST,SAN JUAN,CA. NOAA,SEL,BOULDER,CO 80303. JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. RP GOSLING, JT (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,MS D466,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 9 TC 122 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 23 PY 1993 VL 20 IS 24 BP 2789 EP 2792 DI 10.1029/93GL03116 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MQ173 UT WOS:A1993MQ17300002 ER PT J AU ANGELOPOULOS, V KENNEL, CF CORONITI, FV FELDMAN, WC GOSLING, JT KIVELSON, MG WALKER, RJ RUSSELL, CT AF ANGELOPOULOS, V KENNEL, CF CORONITI, FV FELDMAN, WC GOSLING, JT KIVELSON, MG WALKER, RJ RUSSELL, CT TI OBSERVATIONS OF A QUASI-STATIC PLASMA SHEET BOUNDARY SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUBSTORMS; DYNAMICS; ISEE-1; LAYER AB No high-speed flows or discernible counterstreaming ion beams were observed during a series of plasma sheet boundary encounters resulting from solar wind-driven plasma sheet motions. We conclude that the boundary may be active primarily during plasma sheet ''recovery''. A temporal onset of flows in the inner plasma sheet (IPS) was associated with the appearance of counterstreaming beams embedded in an already isotropic plasma sheet distribution, suggesting that high speed flows at the plasma sheet boundary and close to the neutral sheet may have a common generation mechanism. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES, INST GEOPHYS & PLANETARY PHYS, LOS ANGELES, CA 90024 USA. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. RP ANGELOPOULOS, V (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES, DEPT PHYS, LOS ANGELES, CA 90024 USA. RI Kivelson, Margaret/I-9019-2012; OI Kivelson, Margaret/0000-0003-3859-8581; Russell, Christopher/0000-0003-1639-8298 NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 23 PY 1993 VL 20 IS 24 BP 2813 EP 2816 DI 10.1029/93GL01979 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MQ173 UT WOS:A1993MQ17300008 ER PT J AU BAHR, K OLSEN, N SHANKLAND, TJ AF BAHR, K OLSEN, N SHANKLAND, TJ TI ON THE COMBINATION OF THE MAGNETOTELLURIC AND THE GEOMAGNETIC DEPTHSOUNDING METHOD FOR RESOLVING AN ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY INCREASE AT 400 KM DEPTH SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION; REGIONAL INDUCTION; MANTLE; TRANSITION; OLIVINE; SQ AB The simultaneous use of two different passive electromagnetic (EM) sounding techniques for resolving the upper mantle electrical conductivity structure is emphasized: The geomagnetic (GM) method uses magnetic field variations at periods between 3 hours and 600 hours, yielding penetration depths between 300 km and 1000 km. The magnetotelluric (MT) method is applied to field variations at periods between a few seconds and 16 hours and yields penetration depths between a few km and 600 km. This is an extension of both methods, using additional Dst-data for MT and additional S(q)-data for GM. In application to field data from Western Europe the resulting overlap of the target depths includes an electrical conductivity increase from 10(-2) S/m at 300 km to 1 S/m at 700 km depth while a single conductivity jump at either 400, 500 or 700 km cannot explain the broadband data. Although the olivine to spinel transition is a possible explanation of the conductivity enhancement at 400 km depth, another mineralogy could also occur. This conductivity increase has not been resolved in other sub-continental profiles and lateral heterogeneity is probable in this depth range. C1 UNIV GOTTINGEN,INST GEOPHYS,D-37075 GOTTINGEN,GERMANY. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV EARTH & ENVIRONM SCI,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP BAHR, K (reprint author), UNIV FRANKFURT,INST METEOROL & GEOPHYS,FELDBERGSTR 47,D-60323 FRANKFURT,GERMANY. RI Olsen, Nils/H-1822-2011 OI Olsen, Nils/0000-0003-1132-6113 NR 27 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 23 PY 1993 VL 20 IS 24 BP 2937 EP 2940 DI 10.1029/93GL02134 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MQ173 UT WOS:A1993MQ17300039 ER PT J AU BOULAS, P DSOUZA, F HENDERSON, CC CAHILL, PA JONES, MT KADISH, KM AF BOULAS, P DSOUZA, F HENDERSON, CC CAHILL, PA JONES, MT KADISH, KM TI ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF C60H2 AND C70H21 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Letter ID C-60 AB The electrochemistry of C60H2 and the 1,9- and 7,8-isomers of C70H2 were investigated in DMF/toluene mixtures and the resulting data compared to that of the parent C-60 and C-70 fullerenes under the same solution conditions. Each dihydrogen derivative is reduced via a series of one-electron transfers. The C60H2 undergoes four reversible reductions which occur at E(1/2) = -1.02, -1.46, -2.07, and -2.58 V vs Fc/Fc(+). The two electroreduced isomers of C70H2 are less soluble than electroreduced C60H2 and only three reductions are seen for these compounds in a toluene/DMF mixture. These occur at E(1/2) = -1.04, -1.48, and -1.96 V vs Fc/Fc(+) for the 7,8-isomer and at E(1/2) = -1.03, -1.52, and -1.93 V vs Fc/Fc(+) for the 1,9-isomer. The electronic effect of these two different structural isomers is not reflected in their electrochemistry since almost identical E(1/2) values are obtained for each reduction process. The stability of the reduced dihydrogen species decreases with an increase of charge, temperature, and/or the DMF content of the toluene/DMF mixture. Singly-reduced C60H2.(-) is the most stable of the reduced compounds, and its EPR spectrum was measured and compared to the spectrum of C60.(-) in neat toluene. The spectrum of C60H2.(-) is centered at g = 2.000 and has a spectral line width of 3 G at 160 K, as compared to a g = 1.997 and a line width of 5.8 G for C-60.(-). C1 UNIV HOUSTON,DEPT CHEM ENGN,HOUSTON,TX 77204. SANDIA NATL LABS,DEPT 1811,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. NR 26 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD DEC 23 PY 1993 VL 97 IS 51 BP 13435 EP 13437 DI 10.1021/j100153a003 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA MP905 UT WOS:A1993MP90500003 ER PT J AU GREGG, BA NOZIK, AJ AF GREGG, BA NOZIK, AJ TI EXISTENCE OF A LIGHT-INTENSITY THRESHOLD FOR PHOTOCONVERSION PROCESSES SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Letter ID WATER; PHOTOELECTROLYSIS AB Two models of the mechanism of photoinduced electron transfer at semiconductor surfaces have long been differentiated by their prediction, or their denial, of the existence of a light intensity threshold for fuel-forming photoconversion processes. We attempt to clarify this problem by making a distinction between two possible types of thresholds: a threshold for incipient product formation and a threshold for product formation in a specified state, such as its standard state. A light intensity threshold for incipient product formation appears to be forbidden by molecular electron-transfer theory and has apparently never been observed. Conversely, a light intensity threshold for product formation in its standard state must always occur, simply because the product concentration must first build up from its equilibrium value to its standard-state value. Since the former threshold is forbidden, while the latter is unavoidable, the existence of a threshold cannot be used to distinguish between the models. RP GREGG, BA (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD DEC 23 PY 1993 VL 97 IS 51 BP 13441 EP 13443 DI 10.1021/j100153a005 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA MP905 UT WOS:A1993MP90500005 ER PT J AU BOEHM, RC AF BOEHM, RC TI MNDO MODEL STRUCTURE FOR POLY(DIPHENOXYPHOSPHAZENE) DERIVED FROM CLUSTERS OF SEVERAL RELATED PHOSPHAZENES SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHONITRILIC COMPOUNDS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; HYDROGEN; GRAPHITE AB We have determined that the backbone of poly(diphenoxyphosphazene) is not planar. Instead, significant evidence of a twisted T-ribbon like helix conformation is seen. The degree of twist is crudely estimated as 9 degrees (40 monomer units per revolution) making this compound one of the largest for which an approximate structure is first elucidated with the MNDO technique. The helix radius, neglecting extension of side groups, is 0.82 A. The phenyl groups remain approximately perpendicular to their nearest NPN backbone fragment. Several series of finite phosphazene clusters, including rings and oligomers, are characterized. It is found that many structural features are transferable to the polymer. The remaining features necessary to fill out the MNDO model of poly(diphenoxyphosphazene) are estimated by extrapolation of data originating from diphenoxyphosphazene oligomers (up to six monomer units). C1 EG&G IDAHO INC,IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB,MAT CHEM,THEORY PROJECT,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD DEC 23 PY 1993 VL 97 IS 51 BP 13877 EP 13886 DI 10.1021/j100153a070 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA MP905 UT WOS:A1993MP90500070 ER PT J AU CHASMAN, RR AF CHASMAN, RR TI CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION EFFECTS IN ROTATIONAL BANDS OF SUPERDEFORMED NUCLEI SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID FOCK-BOGOLIUBOV THEORY; EQUATIONS; INERTIA; REGION; A=190 AB A study of rotational bands in superdeformed minima is made within the context of a cranking Hamiltonian with pairing. The calculations are carried out using many-body wave functions having good particle number. The wave functions are described in detail. The approach is applied to the strongly populated superdeformed band in 192Hg. It is found that number projected cranking solutions give too large transition energies in this rotational band starting at moderate angular momenta. This deficiency is alleviated considerably with a configuration interaction calculation. RP CHASMAN, RR (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV PHYS,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD DEC 23 PY 1993 VL 319 IS 1-3 BP 41 EP 46 DI 10.1016/0370-2693(93)90778-G PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA MQ257 UT WOS:A1993MQ25700008 ER PT J AU DENG, JK MA, WC HAMILTON, JH GARRETT, JD BAKTASH, C CULLEN, DM JOHNSON, NR LEE, IY MCGOWAN, FK PILOTTE, S YU, CH NAZAREWICZ, W AF DENG, JK MA, WC HAMILTON, JH GARRETT, JD BAKTASH, C CULLEN, DM JOHNSON, NR LEE, IY MCGOWAN, FK PILOTTE, S YU, CH NAZAREWICZ, W TI HIGH-SPIN SINGLE-PARTICLE STATES IN HG-193 SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID NUCLEI; BANDS; COEXISTENCE; MODEL AB A decay sequence above the I = 47/2 5.4 MeV level in 193Hg has been established through discrete gamma-ray spectroscopy. The new energy levels exhibit single-particle character implying the dominant role of individual particle angular momentum alignment at moderate spins in the neutron-deficient Hg isotopes. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PHYS,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. JOINT INST HEAVY ION RES,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP DENG, JK (reprint author), VANDERBILT UNIV,DEPT PHYS,NASHVILLE,TN 37235, USA. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD DEC 23 PY 1993 VL 319 IS 1-3 BP 63 EP 68 DI 10.1016/0370-2693(93)90782-D PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA MQ257 UT WOS:A1993MQ25700012 ER PT J AU LUTY, MA WHITE, M AF LUTY, MA WHITE, M TI DECUPLET CONTRIBUTIONS TO HYPERON AXIAL-VECTOR FORM-FACTORS SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; STRONG-COUPLING THEORY; QUARKS; QCD AB We consider the predictions of chiral perturbation theory for SU(3) breaking in the axial vector form factor g1 measured in semileptonic hyperon decays. Including only octet baryon intermediate states, the non-analytic corrections are approximately 100%. These corrections are dominated by an SU(3)-symmetric wavefunction renormalization, which explains the fact that the ''corrected'' predictions still fit the data well. We argue that the large corrections are nonetheless strong evidence that the chiral expansion is breaking down. We then include decuplet baryon intermediate states. We find that the effects of a non-zero octet-decuplet mass difference, DELTA, significantly changes the pattern of corrections from the DELTA=0 case. The decuplet corrections can cancel the large octet contributions in a non-trivial way, but the corrections no longer favor the SU(6) values of the axial couplings. We also argue that D and F axial couplings cannot be reliably extracted from calculations which keep only the non-analytic corrections. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,CTR PARTICLE ASTROPHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP LUTY, MA (reprint author), LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,THEORET PHYS GRP,1 CYCLOTRON RD,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI White, Martin/I-3880-2015 OI White, Martin/0000-0001-9912-5070 NR 17 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD DEC 23 PY 1993 VL 319 IS 1-3 BP 261 EP 268 DI 10.1016/0370-2693(93)90812-V PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA MQ257 UT WOS:A1993MQ25700042 ER PT J AU AMSLER, C ARMSTRONG, DS AUGUSTIN, I BAKER, CA BARNETT, BM BATTY, CJ BEUCHERT, K BIRIEN, P BLUM, P BOSSINGHAM, R BRAUNE, K BROSE, J BUGG, DV BURCHELL, M CASE, T COOPER, A CROWE, KM DEGENER, T DIETZ, HP VONDOMBROWSKI, S DOSER, M DUNNWEBER, W ENGELHARDT, D ENGLERT, M FAESSLER, MA FELIX, C FOLGER, G GLANTZ, R HACKMANN, R HADDOCK, RP HEINSIUS, FH HESSEY, NP HIDAS, P ILLINGER, P JAMNIK, D JAVORFI, Z KALINOWSKY, H KAMMLE, B KIEL, T KISIEL, J KLEMPT, E KOBEL, M KOCH, H KOLO, C LANDUA, R KUNZE, M LANDUA, R LUDEMANN, J MATTHAY, H MERKEL, M KONIGSMANN, K KUNZE, M LANDUA, R LUDEMANN, J MATTHAY, H MERKEL, M MERLO, JP MEYER, CA MONTANET, L NOBLE, A OULDSAADA, F PETERS, K PINDER, CN PINTER, G RAVNDAL, S SALK, J SANJARI, AH SCHAFER, E SCHMID, B SCHMIDT, P SPANIER, S STRASSBURGER, C STROHBUSCH, U SUFFERT, M URNER, D VOLCKER, C WALTER, F WALTHER, D WIEDNER, U WINTER, N ZOU, B ZOLL, J ZUPANCIC, C AF AMSLER, C ARMSTRONG, DS AUGUSTIN, I BAKER, CA BARNETT, BM BATTY, CJ BEUCHERT, K BIRIEN, P BLUM, P BOSSINGHAM, R BRAUNE, K BROSE, J BUGG, DV BURCHELL, M CASE, T COOPER, A CROWE, KM DEGENER, T DIETZ, HP VONDOMBROWSKI, S DOSER, M DUNNWEBER, W ENGELHARDT, D ENGLERT, M FAESSLER, MA FELIX, C FOLGER, G GLANTZ, R HACKMANN, R HADDOCK, RP HEINSIUS, FH HESSEY, NP HIDAS, P ILLINGER, P JAMNIK, D JAVORFI, Z KALINOWSKY, H KAMMLE, B KIEL, T KISIEL, J KLEMPT, E KOBEL, M KOCH, H KOLO, C LANDUA, R KUNZE, M LANDUA, R LUDEMANN, J MATTHAY, H MERKEL, M KONIGSMANN, K KUNZE, M LANDUA, R LUDEMANN, J MATTHAY, H MERKEL, M MERLO, JP MEYER, CA MONTANET, L NOBLE, A OULDSAADA, F PETERS, K PINDER, CN PINTER, G RAVNDAL, S SALK, J SANJARI, AH SCHAFER, E SCHMID, B SCHMIDT, P SPANIER, S STRASSBURGER, C STROHBUSCH, U SUFFERT, M URNER, D VOLCKER, C WALTER, F WALTHER, D WIEDNER, U WINTER, N ZOU, B ZOLL, J ZUPANCIC, C TI PROTONIUM ANNIHILATION INTO K(L)(0)K(S)(0)PI(0) AND K(L)(0)K(S)(0)ETA SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID PBARP ANNIHILATION; PHI-PRODUCTION; OZI RULE; REST; NUCLEON; KKBAR; MESON; PI-0; ETA AB The annihilation of ppBAR at rest into K(L)0K(S)0pi0 and K(L)0K(S)0eta was investigated with the Crystal Barrel detector at LEAR. These final states with negative C-parity are dominated by phi and K0* resonances. The ratios of the branching ratios are B(ppBAR-->phipi0)/B((ppBAR-->phieta) = 8.3+/-2.1 and B(ppBAR-->K0K0BAR* + K0K0BAR*-->K(L)0K(S)0pi0)/B(ppBAR-->phipi0-->K(L)0K(S)0PI0) = 2.04+/-0.21. C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV BOCHUM,D-44780 BOCHUM,GERMANY. ACAD SCI,H-1525 BUDAPEST,HUNGARY. RUTHERFORD APPLETON LAB,DIDCOT OX11 0QX,OXON,ENGLAND. CERN,CH-1211 GENEVA,SWITZERLAND. UNIV HAMBURG,D-22761 HAMBURG,GERMANY. UNIV KARLSRUHE,D-76344 KARLSRUHE,GERMANY. QUEEN MARY & WESTFIELD COLL,LONDON E1 4NS,ENGLAND. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. UNIV MAINZ,D-55099 MAINZ,GERMANY. UNIV MUNICH,D-85748 MUNICH,GERMANY. CTR RECH NUCL,F-67037 STRASBOURG,FRANCE. RP AMSLER, C (reprint author), UNIV ZURICH,CH-8001 ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. RI Meyer, Curtis/L-3488-2014 OI Meyer, Curtis/0000-0001-7599-3973 NR 30 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD DEC 23 PY 1993 VL 319 IS 1-3 BP 373 EP 380 DI 10.1016/0370-2693(93)90828-6 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA MQ257 UT WOS:A1993MQ25700058 ER PT J AU HRILJAC, JA TORARDI, CC AF HRILJAC, JA TORARDI, CC TI SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE OF THE NOVEL LAYERED OXIDE - BIMO2O7OH-CENTER-DOT-2H2O SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POWDER DIFFRACTION DATA; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; X-RAY; BISMUTH MOLYBDATE AB The novel layered oxide BiMo2O7OH.2H(2)O was prepared under very mild hydrothermal conditions and the structure determined by ab initio methods from synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data. The cell is monoclinic, P2(1)/m, Z = 2, with dimensions a = 6.343 21(3) Angstrom, b = 11.597 03(5) Angstrom, c = 5.792 44(3) Angstrom, and beta = 113.329(1)degrees. Refinement using the Rietveld technique converged with R(F)2 = 5.99%, R(p) = 12.67%, R(wp) = 16.92%, and chi(2) = 5.44 for 34 variables and 453 reflections. The structure is composed of infinite chains of edge-shared molybdenyl dimers which are corner-linked along [010]. These are connected via hexacoordinated bismuth atoms to form sheets parallel to (10(1) over bar) which are loosely held together via a hydrogen-bonding network. C1 DUPONT CO INC,CENT RES & DEV,EXPTL STN,WILMINGTON,DE 19880. RP HRILJAC, JA (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT PHYS,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD DEC 22 PY 1993 VL 32 IS 26 BP 6003 EP 6007 DI 10.1021/ic00078a017 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA MP179 UT WOS:A1993MP17900017 ER PT J AU CAI, Y CHEN, SS AF CAI, Y CHEN, SS TI NONLINEAR DYNAMICS OF LOOSELY SUPPORTED TUBES IN CROSS-FLOW SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID CHAOTIC VIBRATIONS; STABILITY; SYSTEM; FLOW; BEAM RP CAI, Y (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT & COMPONENTS TECHNOL,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 42 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD DEC 22 PY 1993 VL 168 IS 3 BP 449 EP 468 DI 10.1006/jsvi.1993.1385 PG 20 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA MQ375 UT WOS:A1993MQ37500005 ER PT J AU ABRAHAM, MH DU, CM GRATE, JW MCGILL, RA SHUELY, WJ AF ABRAHAM, MH DU, CM GRATE, JW MCGILL, RA SHUELY, WJ TI FULLERENE AS AN ADSORBENT FOR GASES AND VAPORS SO JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY-CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID C-60 AB Gas-solid partition coefficients of 22 solute gases and vapours on a sample of fullerene have been obtained by a chromatographic method, elution by characteristic point. Analysis of these coefficients by the solvation equation of Abraham shows that solute dipolarity/polarisability, and hydrogen-bond acidity, as well as general dispersion interactions can influence adsorption; the fullerene is weakly polarisable, and has some hydrogen-bond basicity, commensurate with its behaviour as a giant closed-cage alkene rather than an aromatic molecule. C1 PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. GEOCENTERS INC, FT WASHINGTON, MD 20744 USA. USA, CTR CHEM RD & E, SMCCR RSC P, ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MD 21010 USA. RP ABRAHAM, MH (reprint author), UNIV LONDON UNIV COLL, DEPT CHEM, 20 GORDON ST, LONDON WC1H 0AJ, ENGLAND. NR 10 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4WF SN 0022-4936 J9 J CHEM SOC CHEM COMM JI J. Chem. Soc.-Chem. Commun. PD DEC 21 PY 1993 IS 24 BP 1863 EP 1864 DI 10.1039/c39930001863 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MQ723 UT WOS:A1993MQ72300044 ER PT J AU WOOD, DJ ELSHANI, S WAI, CM BARTSCH, RA HUNTLEY, M HARTENSTEIN, S AF WOOD, DJ ELSHANI, S WAI, CM BARTSCH, RA HUNTLEY, M HARTENSTEIN, S TI COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHIC-SEPARATION OF Y3+ FROM SR2+ BY POLYMERIC IONIZABLE CROWN-ETHER RESINS SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE CHROMATOGRAPHY; CROWN ETHERS; POLYMERS; STRONTIUM; YTTRIUM ID CARBOXYLIC-ACID; SELECTIVITY; EFFICIENCY; EXTRACTION AB Condensation polymers containing subunits of crown ether carboxylic acid monomers are effective stationary phases for the chromatographic separation of Y3+ and Sr2+. Th, pH range and metal loading capacities for the resins have been determined under equilibrium conditions. The resin can be regenerated for repeated use without losing its separation capability. Altering the molecular structure of the monomer (sym-dibenzo-16-crown-5-oxyacetic acid) by an alkyl substitution on the macrocyclic cavity decreases the loading capacity of the resin. C1 UNIV IDAHO,DEPT CHEM,MOSCOW,ID 83843. TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT CHEM,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. WESTINGHOUSE IDAHO NUCL CO INC,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD DEC 20 PY 1993 VL 284 IS 1 BP 37 EP 43 DI 10.1016/0003-2670(93)80005-6 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA MR276 UT WOS:A1993MR27600005 ER PT J AU GODBOLE, MJ LOWNDES, DH PEDRAZA, AJ AF GODBOLE, MJ LOWNDES, DH PEDRAZA, AJ TI EXCIMER-LASER ABLATION AND ACTIVATION OF SIOX AND SIOX-CERAMIC COUPLES FOR ELECTROLESS COPPER PLATING SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A XeCl (4.0 eV photon energy) pulsed excimer laser was used to study the ablation behavior of substoichiometric silicon oxide (SSO), SiO(x) with x approximately 1.0. The SSO ablation rate was quite high and its ablation threshold quite low (less-than-or-equal-to 0.3 J/cm2), thereby making it an interesting material for pulsed laser patterning without the use of deep-UV radiation. Surface activation, as illustrated by subsequent copper deposition by the electroless process, was observed along well-defined narrow (approximately 10-20 mum) lines just beyond the edges of ablated trenches in SSO deposited on XeCl-transparent fused silica substrates. When a thin layer of SSO was deposited on polycrystalline Al2O3 or AlN substrates and subsequently laser treated, surface activation of these ceramics occurred on the laser-irradiated regions at much lower fluences and with fewer exposures than are required to activate the bare ceramic substrates. In both types of experiment, activation is believed to result from redeposition of elemental silicon, an ablation product. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DEPT SOLID STATE,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP GODBOLE, MJ (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996, USA. NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 20 PY 1993 VL 63 IS 25 BP 3449 EP 3451 DI 10.1063/1.110116 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA MM448 UT WOS:A1993MM44800018 ER PT J AU YEH, CY ZHANG, SB ZUNGER, A AF YEH, CY ZHANG, SB ZUNGER, A TI IDENTITY OF THE LIGHT-EMITTING STATES IN POROUS SILICON WIRES SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM AB We present empirical pseudopotential calculations of the electronic structure of [001] silicon quantum wires, aiming at identification of the states that couple radiatively to the valence-band maximum. We find that the near-gap wave functions differ qualitatively from effective-mass depictions. Instead, they can be described as off-GAMMA bulk states. The effects of H chemisorption on the wire energies and wave functions are studied. We find that the Si skeleton dominates the emission. The resulting lifetimes versus energy relation agrees with the experimental measurements only if one assumes coexistence of quantum wires with quantum dots. RP YEH, CY (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. RI Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013; Krausnick, Jennifer/D-6291-2013; Zhang, Shengbai/D-4885-2013 OI Zhang, Shengbai/0000-0003-0833-5860 NR 8 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 20 PY 1993 VL 63 IS 25 BP 3455 EP 3457 DI 10.1063/1.110118 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA MM448 UT WOS:A1993MM44800020 ER PT J AU LOTT, JA SCHNEIDER, RP ZOLPER, JC MALLOY, KJ AF LOTT, JA SCHNEIDER, RP ZOLPER, JC MALLOY, KJ TI ALGAINP VISIBLE VERTICAL-CAVITY SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS OPERATING WITH GAIN CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE N=2 QUANTUM-WELL TRANSITION SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We report the characteristics of visible vertical cavity surface emitting laser diodes. Wafers are grown such that the Fabry-Perot resonance wavelength changes with position from 690 to 620 nm, overlapping to varying degrees with the n = 1 and n = 2 quantum well gain peaks at approximately 670 and 650 nm. Gain guided devices are tested across the entire wafer, and pulsed room temperature lasing is observed from 634.6 to 663.2 nm. Our results suggest that gain contributions from the second quantized state are required to overcome high cavity losses in order to achieve lasing. C1 UNIV NEW MEXICO,CTR HIGH TECHNOL MAT,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. RI Malloy, Kevin/E-5994-2010 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 20 PY 1993 VL 63 IS 25 BP 3485 EP 3487 DI 10.1063/1.110128 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA MM448 UT WOS:A1993MM44800030 ER PT J AU SHIBUTANI, K LI, Q SABATINI, RL SUENAGA, M MOTOWIDLO, L HALDAR, P AF SHIBUTANI, K LI, Q SABATINI, RL SUENAGA, M MOTOWIDLO, L HALDAR, P TI LIMITING FACTORS FOR CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITIES IN BI2SR2CA2CU3O10-AG COMPOSITE SUPERCONDUCTING TAPES AT ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VORTEX-GLASS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; TRANSPORT; PHASE; CREEP AB Detailed measurements of I-V curves at 4.2, 65, and 77 K as a function of applied magnetic field for two Bi (2:2:2:3)/Ag tapes, having critical current densities J(c) of approximately 1 and approximately 2 X 10(4) A/CM2 (at 77 K and 0 T), revealed that (1) the primary limiting factor for the transport critical current densities in these tapes is the presence of a large fraction of weak and/or nonsuperconducting grain boundaries; (2) the observed dissipative voltages are due, however, mostly to the motion of the magnetic vortices in the grains; and (3) the E-J curves are well described by an expression, E approximately exp[-(J0/J)mu], rather than the commonly used power law, i.e., E approximately J(n), where mu, J0, and n are constants. C1 IGC ADV SUPERCOND INC,WATERBURY,CT 06704. INTERMAGNET GEN CORP,GUILDERLAND,NY 12084. RP SHIBUTANI, K (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT APPL SCI,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 22 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 20 PY 1993 VL 63 IS 25 BP 3515 EP 3517 DI 10.1063/1.110112 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA MM448 UT WOS:A1993MM44800040 ER PT J AU IMAMURA, JN MIDDLEDITCH, J SCARGLE, JD STEIMANCAMERON, TY WHITLOCK, LA WOLFF, MT WOOD, KS AF IMAMURA, JN MIDDLEDITCH, J SCARGLE, JD STEIMANCAMERON, TY WHITLOCK, LA WOLFF, MT WOOD, KS TI THE QUASI-PERIODIC OSCILLATIONS OF VV PUPPIS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BINARIES, CLOSE; NOVAE, CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; STARS, INDIVIDUAL (VV PUPPIS); STARS, OSCILLATIONS; WHITE DWARFS ID DRIVEN RADIATIVE SHOCKS; MAGNETIC WHITE-DWARFS; TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS; AM HERCULIS OBJECTS AB Four AM Her objects are known to exhibit low-amplitude, rapid quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) in their optical emission. Here, we present high-speed optical photometric observations of the QPO source VV Pup obtained during 1990 January. The observations were made in unfiltered light. We first confirm the results of Larsson (1989) that VV Pup is a strong source of QPOs and that the QPOs are confined to optical maximum showing that the QPOs are produced in or near the X-ray-producing shock formed as the accreting plasma merges onto the white dwarf. We then show that: (1) variations in the amplitudes of the QPOs over narrow bandwidths, deltanu approximately 0.1 Hz, around the peak of the QPOs, nu(QPO) approximately 0.6-0.7 Hz, are correlated. We also find a suggestion that the QPO powers at widely separated frequencies are also positively correlated. These results suggest that the QPOs are due to a broad-band process rather than to a narrow-band feature which wanders slowly in frequency space. (2) We isolate strong damped oscillations in several 81.92 s intervals. The pulse profiles are consistent with damped sinusoids. The strongest feature has an amplitude of several percent with frequency v approximately 0.64 Hz and quality Q approximately 21, or a coherence Of tau approximately 6.7. VV Pup is the third QPO source to show evidence of strong oscillations of moderate coherence. C1 UNIV OREGON,INST THEORET SCI,EUGENE,OR 97403. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. USRA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ,LICK OBSERV,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95064. USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP IMAMURA, JN (reprint author), UNIV OREGON,DEPT PHYS,EUGENE,OR 97403, USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 1993 VL 419 IS 2 BP 793 EP 802 DI 10.1086/173531 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA ML593 UT WOS:A1993ML59300036 ER PT J AU CHARLOT, S FERRARI, F MATHEWS, GJ SILK, J AF CHARLOT, S FERRARI, F MATHEWS, GJ SILK, J TI TRUNCATED INITIAL MASS FUNCTION IN STARBURST GALAXIES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE GALAXIES, ABUNDANCES; GALAXIES, EVOLUTION; GALAXIES, FORMATION; GALAXIES, STARBURST; GALAXIES, STELLAR CONTENT; STARS, LUMINOSITY FUNCTION, MASS FUNCTION ID ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; STAR FORMATION; STELLAR; EVOLUTION AB Observations of nearby star-forming regions suggest that the initial mass function is deficient in low-mass stars when the ambient star formation rate is high. We use new models of stellar population synthesis to investigate how a truncation of the lower end of the initial mass function affects the photometric evolution of starburst galaxies. A major difference with respect to the case of a standard initial mass function is that the spectra of the galaxies become unusually red (V-K greater than or similar to 3.5) when the turnoff mass reaches the lower mass cutoff. This red phase can last for more than 10(9) yr if the lower mass cutoff is below 2 M.. The amplitude of the reddening increases with the fraction of the galaxy mass involved in the starburst but cannot be used to determine uniquely the lower cutoff of the initial mass function. Such unusually red poststarburst galaxies can be distinguished from galaxies reddened by dust or with abnormally high metallicities by their unusually strong 4000 angstrom break and the presence of stellar absorption features typical of late-type giants. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,CTR PARTICLE ASTROPHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DEPT PHYS,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. ECOLE NORMALE SUPER,F-75231 PARIS 05,FRANCE. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP CHARLOT, S (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT ASTRON,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 42 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 1993 VL 419 IS 2 BP L57 EP L60 DI 10.1086/187136 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA ML594 UT WOS:A1993ML59400004 ER PT J AU HEDSTROM, G AF HEDSTROM, G TI THE SELECTION OF MESH SIZE FOR COMPUTATION OF WAVES OVER LONG TIMES SO INDAGATIONES MATHEMATICAE-NEW SERIES LA English DT Article AB We examine numerical errors in finite-difference schemes for a linear wave-propagation problem from the point of view of how the propagation time influences the selection of the mesh size. We find that for a difference scheme with order of accuracy p and a long propagation time t, the mesh size should be scaled proportional to t-1/p. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0019-3577 J9 INDAGAT MATH NEW SER JI Indag. Math.-New Ser. PD DEC 20 PY 1993 VL 4 IS 4 BP 461 EP 470 DI 10.1016/0019-3577(93)90016-R PG 10 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA MN750 UT WOS:A1993MN75000007 ER PT J AU KOVNER, A ROSENSTEIN, B AF KOVNER, A ROSENSTEIN, B TI QUARKS AS TOPOLOGICAL DEFECTS - OR, WHAT IS CONFINED INSIDE A HADRON SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article AB We present a picture of confinement based on representation of constituent quarks as pointlike topological defects. The topological charge carried by quarks and confined in hadrons is explicitly constructed in terms of Yang-Mills variables. In 2 + 1 dimensions we are able to construct a local complex scalar field V(x), in terms of which the topological charge is Q = -i/4pi integral d2 x epsilon(ij) partial derivative i (V partial derivative i V - c.c.) The VEV of the field V in the confining phase is nonzero and the charge is the winding number corresponding to homotopy group pi1(S1). Quarks carry the charge Q and therefore are topological solitons. The phase rotation of V is generated by the operator of magnetic flux. Unlike in QED, the U(1) magnetic flux is explicitly broken by the monopoles. This results in formation of a string between a quark and an antiquark. The effective Lagrangian for V is derived in models with adjoint and fundamental quarks. This topological mechanism of confinement is basically different from the one proposed by 't Hooft in which the elementary objects are linelike domain walls. A baryon is described as a Y-shaped configuration of strings. In 3 + 1 dimensions the explicit expression for V, and therefore a detailed picture, is not available. However, assuming the validity of the same mechanism we point out several interesting qualitative consequences. RP KOVNER, A (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORY,T-8,MS B285,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD DEC 20 PY 1993 VL 8 IS 31 BP 5575 EP 5604 DI 10.1142/S0217751X93002204 PG 30 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA MM710 UT WOS:A1993MM71000005 ER PT J AU YOO, RK RUSCIC, B BERKOWITZ, J AF YOO, RK RUSCIC, B BERKOWITZ, J TI PHOTOIONIZATION OF GROUP-V TRIMERS AND TETRAMERS SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article ID ULTRAVIOLET PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; VALENCE IONIZATION; INFRARED-SPECTRUM; MOLECULAR-BEAM; RYDBERG SERIES; ARC SPECTRUM; CLUSTERS; ANTIMONY; ELEMENTS AB The photoionization of saturated antimony and bismuth vapors is investigated. In antimony, the dominant vapor species is Sb-4. Its photoion yield curve is similar to those of P-4 and As-4, displaying three autoionizing bands and an apparent adiabatic IP of 7.56 eV. The appearance potential of Sb-3(+)(Sb-4) occurs at 9.75(5-0.04)(+0.01) eV at 830 K, or 10.22(9-0.04)(+0.01) eV at 0 K. This value, together with Delta (H10Sb3)-Sb-Theta), yields IP(Sb-3) less than or equal to 6.61 eV. Bismuth vapor contains approximate to 1% Bi-4 and even less Bi-3. The photoion yield curve of Bi-4(+), with an apparent adiabatic IP of 6.81 eV, also displays three autoionizing bands. An analysis of these bands, and comparison with the other Group V tetramers with T-d symmetry enables one to estimate vertical IPs of 9.0 eV for (a(1))(-1), 7.5 and 8.9 eV for the spin-orbit split (t(2))(-1), 7.0 and 7.4 eV for the Jahn-Teller split (e)(-1). The photoion yield curve of Bi-3(+) has an adiabatic onset of less than or equal to 6.36 eV, corresponding to formation of Bi-3(+), X(1)A(1)' in D-3h symmetry. An increase in slope at approximate to 7.4 eV is identified with the configuration... (la(2)'')(2e')(4)(le''), which may be an E' state. At approximate to 8.8 eV, a pronounced increase in slope may indicate a higher excited state, fragmentation of Bi-4, or a near coincidence of the two. The directly or indirectly measured IPs of all Group V trimers are in fairly good agreement with ab initio calculations. The heats of formation of the neutral trimers can be rationalized by a simple model involving transferability of sigma and pi bond energies from the corresponding dimers and tetramers. The atomization energies of the trimer cations are significantly larger than for the corresponding neutrals, which may be related to the closed shell structure of the cations. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RI Ruscic, Branko/A-8716-2008 OI Ruscic, Branko/0000-0002-4372-6990 NR 67 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD DEC 20 PY 1993 VL 66 IS 1-2 BP 39 EP 54 DI 10.1016/0368-2048(93)01821-U PG 16 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA MT808 UT WOS:A1993MT80800009 ER PT J AU PRADEEP, T SHIRLEY, DA AF PRADEEP, T SHIRLEY, DA TI HIGH-RESOLUTION PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY OF CH2F2, CH2CL2 AND CF2CL2 USING SUPERSONIC MOLECULAR-BEAMS SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article ID IONIC STATES; IONIZATION-POTENTIALS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURES; X-ALPHA; SPECTRA; CHLOROFLUOROMETHANES; PHOTOIONIZATION; PHOTOABSORPTION; DIFLUOROMETHANE; FLUOROMETHANES AB Molecular beam photoelectron spectroscopy using He I radiation (584 Angstrom) has been used to study the electronic structures of CH2F2, CH2Cl2 and CF2Cl2. The spectra obtained at a resolution of 13 meV show a number of new features, in addition to those reported earlier in the literature. Accurate values of the ionization potentials were obtained, and many new vibrational progressions were resolved and assigned. The first four ionic states are discussed in more detail on the basis of reported configuration interaction calculations and photoionization measurements. Ambiguities regarding the ordering of these states have been resolved. Although the agreement between theory and experiment is good in CF2Cl2, there are significant differences in CH2F2 and CH2Cl2. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV CHEM SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,UNIV PK,PA 16802. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,UNIV PK,PA 16802. NR 33 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD DEC 20 PY 1993 VL 66 IS 1-2 BP 125 EP 138 DI 10.1016/0368-2048(93)01831-X PG 14 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA MT808 UT WOS:A1993MT80800016 ER PT J AU KEENLYSIDE, M PIANETTA, P AF KEENLYSIDE, M PIANETTA, P TI A PERFORMANCE AND APPLICATIONS STUDY OF THE PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROMICROSCOPE SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article ID SYNCHROTRON RADIATION; MICROSCOPY; ELECTRON; FILTER; GAAS AB We review some recent work carried out in the area of photoelectron spectromicroscopy for both laboratory and synchrotron based instruments. This allows assessment of the technique's capability for dealing with real world applications. In particular, a comparison of achieved performance is made with commercial laboratory equipment to illustrate the strength of the technique. Examples of applications are also given to highlight its versatility and flexibility. Finally we address some of the present limitations of the technique and make specific proposals to expand its applications role. C1 STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB,STANFORD,CA 94309. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD DEC 20 PY 1993 VL 66 IS 1-2 BP 189 EP 207 DI 10.1016/0368-2048(93)01835-3 PG 19 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA MT808 UT WOS:A1993MT80800021 ER PT J AU FISHER, RJ SCHNETZER, GH THOTTAPPILLIL, R RAKOV, VA UMAN, MA GOLDBERG, JD AF FISHER, RJ SCHNETZER, GH THOTTAPPILLIL, R RAKOV, VA UMAN, MA GOLDBERG, JD TI PARAMETERS OF TRIGGERED-LIGHTNING FLASHES IN FLORIDA AND ALABAMA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID RETURN STROKE MODEL; GROUND FLASHES; ELECTRIC-FIELD; SPEED AB Channel base currents from triggered lightning were measured at the NASA Kennedy Space Center, Florida, during summer 1990 and at Fort McClellan, Alabama, during summer 1991. Additionally, 16-mm cinematic records with 3- or 5-ms resolution were obtained for all flashes, and streak camera records were obtained for three of the Florida flashes. The 17 flashes analyzed here contained 69 strokes, all lowering negative charge from cloud to ground. Statistics on interstroke interval, no-current interstroke interval, total stroke duration, total stroke charge, total stroke action integral (integral i2dt), return stroke current wave front characteristics, time to half peak value, and return stroke peak current are presented. Return stroke current pulses, characterized by rise times of the order of a few microseconds or less and peak values in the range of 4 to 38 kA, were found not to occur until after any preceding current at the bottom of the lightning channel fell below the noise level of less than 2 A. Current pulses associated with M components, characterized by slower rise times (typically tens to hundreds of microseconds) and peak values generally smaller than those of the return stroke pulses, occurred during established channel current flow of some tens to some hundreds of amperes. A relatively strong positive correlation was found between return stroke current average rate of rise and current peak. There was essentially no correlation between return stroke current peak and 10-90% rise time or between return stroke peak and the width of the current waveform at half of its peak value. Parameters of the lightning flashes triggered in Florida and Alabama are similar to each other but are different from those of triggered lightning recorded in New Mexico during the 1981 Thunderstorm Research International Program. Continuing currents that follow return stroke current peaks and last for more than 10 ms exhibit a variety of wave shapes that we have subdivided into four categories. All such continuing currents appear to start with a current pulse presumably associated with an M component. A brief summary of lightning parameters important for lightning protection, in a form convenient for practical use, is presented in an appendix. C1 UNIV FLORIDA, DEPT ELECT ENGN, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 USA. RP FISHER, RJ (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87185 USA. RI Rakov, Vladimir/A-8775-2009 OI Rakov, Vladimir/0000-0002-4582-9483 NR 43 TC 111 Z9 126 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 20 PY 1993 VL 98 IS D12 BP 22887 EP 22902 DI 10.1029/93JD02293 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MP295 UT WOS:A1993MP29500002 ER PT J AU ORTIZ, JV ROHLFING, CM AF ORTIZ, JV ROHLFING, CM TI CONFORMATIONALLY INDUCED LOCALIZATION IN THE ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE OF POLYSILANES SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID ORDER-DISORDER TRANSITIONS; PI-CONJUGATED POLYMERS; ORGANOSILANE HIGH POLYMERS; IONIZATION ENERGIES; PROPAGATOR THEORY; CONDENSED PHASES; GROUND-STATE; ABINITIO; POTENTIALS; MECHANISM AB Ab initio electron propagator calculations with a double zeta effective core potential basis on the vertical electron binding energies of oligomeric models of polysilane chains reveal the effects of gauche conformational defects on electronic structure. When a gauche defect lies between two all-trans segments of unequal lengths, most of the probability density for the Feynman-Dyson amplitudes corresponding to the lowest ionization energy or the largest electron affinity resides on the longer segment. The energy gap between cationic and anionic states increases when a gauche defect is introduced, but the effect is larger when the defect is in the middle of the chain. These trends are explained in terms of simple bond function models suggested by examination of the Feynman-Dyson amplitudes. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,DIV THEORET,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. RP ORTIZ, JV (reprint author), UNIV NEW MEXICO,DEPT CHEM,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131, USA. NR 63 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD DEC 20 PY 1993 VL 26 IS 26 BP 7282 EP 7287 DI 10.1021/ma00078a025 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA MN473 UT WOS:A1993MN47300025 ER PT J AU CLAVERIE, A LILIENTALWEBER, Z AF CLAVERIE, A LILIENTALWEBER, Z TI EXTENDED DEFECTS AND PRECIPITATES IN LT-GAAS, LT-INALAS AND LT-INP SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium B- Low Temperature Molecular Beam Epitaxial III-V Materials : Physics and Applications, at the European-Materials-Research-Society 1993 Spring Meeting CY MAY 04-07, 1991 CL STRASBOURG, FRANCE SP EUROPEAN MAT RES SOC ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; LOW-TEMPERATURE; IN0.52AL0.48AS/INP; LAYERS; MBE AB We review the main structural characteristics of low temperature molecular beam epitaxially produced GaAs (LT-GaAs), LT-InAlAs, and LT-InP. These materials exhibit almost identical behaviours with respect to growth and annealing conditions. For too low growth temperatures or too high As pressures, defects are seen in these layers with characteristic pyramidal shapes which result from multiple twinning. The increase in the strain energy stored in the layers that are slightly mismatched on the substrate is responsible for the formation of these defects. On annealing the excess group V atoms dispersed in the matrix condense to form precipitates except in LT-InAlAs. Sizes and orientation relationships of the precipitates depend on the crystalline quality of the layers. An important difference between LT-GaAs and LT-lnP is that As precipitates art metallic while the structure in which P condenses is thought to be insulating. C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV MAT SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP CLAVERIE, A (reprint author), CNRS,CTR ELABORAT MAT & ETUD STRUCT,LOE,BP 4347,F-31055 TOULOUSE,FRANCE. RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009; Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012 NR 30 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD DEC 20 PY 1993 VL 22 IS 1 BP 45 EP 54 DI 10.1016/0921-5107(93)90222-9 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA MM023 UT WOS:A1993MM02300010 ER PT J AU FIGGIS, BN REYNOLDS, PA CABLE, JW AF FIGGIS, BN REYNOLDS, PA CABLE, JW TI SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION OF MAGNETIZATION IN THE ANISOTROPIC CO(H2O)(6)(2+) ION FROM POLARIZED NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPIN-DENSITY; TUTTON SALT; (ND4)2CR(SO4)2.6D2O; (ND4)2NI(SO4)2.6D2O; 4.3-K AB In a polarized neutron diffraction experiment on the magnetically highly anisotropic ammonium cobalt Tutton salt (ND4)(2)Co(SO4)(2).6D(2)O, 70 and 22 flipping ratios were measured in the hk0 and h01 zones respectively. These, and the underlying magnetization distribution around Co, more closely resemble those predicted by a model with a cubic crystal field with CoO6 axes, than those predicted from a generally orientated ellipsoidal crystal field, even though the latter provides a good fit to ESR and magnetic susceptibility data. However, all the real space magnetization distributions are substantially isotropic. For an examination of covalence as the experimental objective, these results indicate that a suitably scaled spin-only model for the magnetization distribution on the metal may surface, even in highly anisotropic situations where a large orbital moment is present, such as the present case. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV SOLID STATE,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP FIGGIS, BN (reprint author), UNIV WESTERN AUSTRALIA,DEPT CHEM,NEDLANDS,WA 6009,AUSTRALIA. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PD DEC 20 PY 1993 VL 80 IS 6 BP 1377 EP 1388 DI 10.1080/00268979300103091 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA MQ345 UT WOS:A1993MQ34500008 ER PT J AU BENOUFELLA, A BARREAU, G ASGHAR, M AUDOUARD, P BRISARD, F DOAN, TP HUSSONNOIS, M LEROUX, B TROCHON, J MOORE, MS AF BENOUFELLA, A BARREAU, G ASGHAR, M AUDOUARD, P BRISARD, F DOAN, TP HUSSONNOIS, M LEROUX, B TROCHON, J MOORE, MS TI MEASUREMENT OF FRAGMENT MASS-ENERGY CORRELATIONS FOR CM-248(S,F) - FAR-OUT ASYMMETRIC FISSION AND COLD FRAGMENTATIONS SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article DE CM-248(S, F); E=0; MEASURED FRAGMENT MASS ENERGY CORRELATIONS; DEDUCED Y(M); (E)(M); SIGMA(M); FAR-OUT ASYMMETRIC FISSION; COLD FISSION ID CHANNELS; SCISSION AB A back-to-back ionisation chamber has been used to measure the fission fragment mass-kinetic-energy correlations for Cm-248(s, f). In all about 12 x 10(6) fission events were collected. The different distributions in the high-yield region are consistent with the existent data. As predicted by the theory of fission channels, the existence of far-out asymmetric fission has been confirmed, but its amplitude is much smaller than that for Cf-252(s, f) indicating that the barrier of the channel corresponding to this channel should be lower for Cf-252(s, f) than for Cm-248(s, f). Furthermore, the (E(K)>(M(H)) and sigma(EK)(M(H)) distributions show correlated fluctuations in the far-out asymmetric region suggesting the existence of at least two scission configurations with different deformations for the same fragmentation. In the cold-fission region, the deformed neutron N congruent-to 88 shell dominates the yield. C1 USTHB,INST PHYS,ALGIERS,ALGERIA. CEN BORDEAUX,GRADIGNAN,FRANCE. CEN BRUYERE,GOMETZ LE CHATEL,FRANCE. IPN,ORSAY,FRANCE. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87544. NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 20 PY 1993 VL 565 IS 3 BP 563 EP 572 DI 10.1016/0375-9474(93)90045-Y PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA MR328 UT WOS:A1993MR32800002 ER PT J AU EICHTEN, EJ HILL, CT QUIGG, C AF EICHTEN, EJ HILL, CT QUIGG, C TI PROPERTIES OF ORBITALLY EXCITED HEAVY-LIGHT (Q(Q)OVER-BAR) MESONS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; E+E ANNIHILATION; CHARMED MESONS; DECAYS; QUARK AB Orbitally excited heavy-light (QqBAR) mesons are potentially important as tools for tagging the flavors and momenta of ground-state pseudoscalars detected through weak decays. We use heavy-quark symmetry supplemented by insights gleaned from potential models to estimate masses and widths of p-wave B, B(s), and D(s) mesons. We generalize these results to higher excitations. RP EICHTEN, EJ (reprint author), FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,BATAVIA,IL 60510, USA. NR 37 TC 141 Z9 144 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 20 PY 1993 VL 71 IS 25 BP 4116 EP 4119 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.4116 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA MM254 UT WOS:A1993MM25400005 ER PT J AU MIKHAILICHENKO, AA ZOLOTOREV, MS AF MIKHAILICHENKO, AA ZOLOTOREV, MS TI OPTICAL STOCHASTIC COOLING SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB In this paper, we consider the utilization of optical amplifiers with bandwidth DELTAf congruent-to 10(14) Hz for use in stochastic cooling. It is shown that quadrupole and dipole wigglers can be used as pickups and kickers, respectively. The proposed method increases the application of the stochastic cooling method beyond the traditional area of proton-antiproton cooling. For example, the method has application to electron-positron cooling as well as potential use in muon cooling. The proposed method makes possible the independent choice of damping time and source of excitation of emittance, thereby providing a new direction for the design of low-emittance damping rings. C1 BUDKER INP,NOVOSIBIRSK 630090,RUSSIA. RP MIKHAILICHENKO, AA (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94305, USA. NR 6 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 20 PY 1993 VL 71 IS 25 BP 4146 EP 4149 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.4146 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA MM254 UT WOS:A1993MM25400013 ER PT J AU WANG, JH YIP, S PHILLPOT, SR WOLF, D AF WANG, JH YIP, S PHILLPOT, SR WOLF, D TI CRYSTAL INSTABILITIES AT FINITE STRAIN SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ALPHA-QUARTZ; AMORPHIZATION; SIMULATION; STATE AB It is demonstrated that stability criteria derived using elastic stiffness coefficients which govern stress-strain relations at finite deformation give quantitative predictions of crystal instability, as observed in direct molecular dynamics simulations. With the aid of such analysis we show that instabilities can be triggered in succession; as a consequence, the limit of metastability in the superheating of a defect-free crystal can be predicted. C1 MIT,DEPT NUCL ENGN,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. RP WANG, JH (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. RI Phillpot, Simon/J-9117-2012; OI Phillpot, Simon/0000-0002-7774-6535 NR 22 TC 347 Z9 353 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 20 PY 1993 VL 71 IS 25 BP 4182 EP 4185 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.4182 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA MM254 UT WOS:A1993MM25400022 ER PT J AU GRUNAU, DW LOOKMAN, T CHEN, SY LAPEDES, AS AF GRUNAU, DW LOOKMAN, T CHEN, SY LAPEDES, AS TI DOMAIN GROWTH, WETTING, AND SCALING IN POROUS-MEDIA SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LATTICE-GAS AUTOMATA; BOLTZMANN-EQUATION; PHASE-SEPARATION; BINARY-LIQUID; TRANSITIONS; MODEL AB The lattice Boltzmann (LB) method is used to study the kinetics of domain growth of a binary fluid in a number of geometries modeling two-dimensional porous media. Unlike methods which solve the Cahn-Hilliard equation, the LB method correctly simulates fluid properties, phase segregation, interface dynamics, and wetting. Our results, based on lattice sizes of up to 4096 x 4096, show little evidence to indicate t e breakdown of late stage dynamical scaling, and suggest that confinement of the fluid is the key to the slow kinetics observed Randomness of the pore structure appears unnecessary. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CTR NONLINEAR STUDIES,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. UNIV WESTERN ONTARIO,DEPT APPL MATH,LONDON N6A 3K7,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP GRUNAU, DW (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. RI Chen, Shiyi/A-3234-2010 NR 19 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 20 PY 1993 VL 71 IS 25 BP 4198 EP 4201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.4198 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA MM254 UT WOS:A1993MM25400026 ER PT J AU MAHAN, GD AF MAHAN, GD TI ANOMALOUSLY LARGE GAP ANISOTROPY IN THE A-B PLANE OF BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA - COMMENT SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Note C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV SOLID STATE,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP MAHAN, GD (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PHYS,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996, USA. NR 4 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 20 PY 1993 VL 71 IS 25 BP 4277 EP 4277 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.4277 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA MM254 UT WOS:A1993MM25400049 ER PT J AU DESSAU, DS SHEN, ZX MARSHALL, DM AF DESSAU, DS SHEN, ZX MARSHALL, DM TI ANOMALOUSLY LARGE GAP ANISOTROPY IN THE A-B PLANE OF BI2SR2CACUZO8+DELTA - REPLY SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Note C1 STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94305. RP DESSAU, DS (reprint author), SOLID STATE ELECTR LABS,STANFORD,CA 94305, USA. NR 3 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 20 PY 1993 VL 71 IS 25 BP 4278 EP 4278 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.4278 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA MM254 UT WOS:A1993MM25400050 ER PT J AU EVANS, JW FLYNNSANDERS, DK THIEL, PA AF EVANS, JW FLYNNSANDERS, DK THIEL, PA TI SURFACE SELF-DIFFUSION BARRIER OF PD(100) FROM LOW-ENERGY-ELECTRON DIFFRACTION SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; INTENSITY OSCILLATIONS; ATOM SCATTERING; NI; CU; PD; AG; AU AB The diffusion barrier for Pd/Pd(100) is determined via LEED experiments independently from: (i) the onset of temperature variation of the Bragg intensity in both deposition and annealing experiments; and (ii) comparison of experimental and model values for the ring diameter of the diffuse diffraction profile at a single higher temperature in the nucleation-and-growth regime. A value of 12-14 kcal/mol is consistently obtained. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, DEPT CHEM, AMES, IA 50011 USA. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, AMES LAB, AMES, IA 50011 USA. RP IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, DEPT MATH, AMES, IA 50011 USA. NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 EI 1879-2758 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD DEC 20 PY 1993 VL 298 IS 2-3 BP 378 EP 383 DI 10.1016/0039-6028(93)90051-K PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA MP612 UT WOS:A1993MP61200015 ER PT J AU BARTELT, MC EVANS, JW AF BARTELT, MC EVANS, JW TI NUCLEATION AND GROWTH OF SQUARE ISLANDS DURING DEPOSITION - SIZES, COALESCENCE, SEPARATIONS AND CORRELATIONS SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-DIFFUSION; THIN-FILMS; PERCOLATION; SCATTERING; ENERGY AB We analyze via simulation the irreversible nucleation, growth and coalescence of square islands during deposition and subsequent diffusion of adatoms. Our model mimics metal-on-fcc (100) metal epitaxy (at lower temperatures). We characterize the low-coverage scaling, and the effects of coalescence and percolation on the island density and full size distribution. Adatom-island, island-island separations, and also the pair correlations are analyzed. Depletion of the density of nearby islands manifested in these quantities is shown to produce a four-fold symmetric ''Henzler ring'' in the diffraction profile. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, DEPT MATH, AMES, IA 50011 USA. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, AMES LAB, AMES, IA 50011 USA. RP IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, IPRT, AMES, IA 50011 USA. NR 25 TC 143 Z9 143 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 EI 1879-2758 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD DEC 20 PY 1993 VL 298 IS 2-3 BP 421 EP 431 DI 10.1016/0039-6028(93)90057-Q PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA MP612 UT WOS:A1993MP61200021 ER PT J AU PLAISANT, O CAILLAUD, E DEBRAY, Q AF PLAISANT, O CAILLAUD, E DEBRAY, Q TI MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-IMAGING IN PSYCHIATRY SO PRESSE MEDICALE LA French DT Editorial Material ID TEMPORAL-LOBE; SCHIZOPHRENIA C1 HOP LAENNEC,SERV PSYCHIAT,F-75340 PARIS 7,FRANCE. UNIV RENE DESCARTES,ANAT LAB,UFR NECKER ENFANTS MALADES,F-75007 ST PERES,FRANCE. RP PLAISANT, O (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,CTR FUNCT IMAGING,IPSR,MS 55-121,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSON EDITEUR PI PARIS 06 PA 120 BLVD SAINT-GERMAIN, 75280 PARIS 06, FRANCE SN 0755-4982 J9 PRESSE MED JI Presse Med. PD DEC 18 PY 1993 VL 22 IS 40 BP 1991 EP 1992 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MN177 UT WOS:A1993MN17700002 PM 8127800 ER PT J AU LEACH, FS NICOLAIDES, NC PAPADOPOULOS, N LIU, B JEN, J PARSONS, R PELTOMAKI, P SISTONEN, P AALTONEN, LA NYSTROMLAHTI, M GUAN, XY ZHANG, J MELTZER, PS YU, JW KAO, FT CHEN, DJ CEROSALETTI, KM FOURNIER, REK TODD, S LEWIS, T LEACH, RJ NAYLOR, SL WEISSENBACH, J MECKLIN, JP JARVINEN, H PETERSEN, GM HAMILTON, SR GREEN, J JASS, J WATSON, P LYNCH, HT TRENT, JM DELACHAPELLE, A KINZLER, KW VOGELSTEIN, B AF LEACH, FS NICOLAIDES, NC PAPADOPOULOS, N LIU, B JEN, J PARSONS, R PELTOMAKI, P SISTONEN, P AALTONEN, LA NYSTROMLAHTI, M GUAN, XY ZHANG, J MELTZER, PS YU, JW KAO, FT CHEN, DJ CEROSALETTI, KM FOURNIER, REK TODD, S LEWIS, T LEACH, RJ NAYLOR, SL WEISSENBACH, J MECKLIN, JP JARVINEN, H PETERSEN, GM HAMILTON, SR GREEN, J JASS, J WATSON, P LYNCH, HT TRENT, JM DELACHAPELLE, A KINZLER, KW VOGELSTEIN, B TI MUTATIONS OF A MUTS HOMOLOG IN HEREDITARY NONPOLYPOSIS COLORECTAL-CANCER SO CELL LA English DT Article ID MISMATCH REPAIR; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CHROMOSOME MICRODISSECTION; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; HUMAN GENOME; DNA; GENE; IDENTIFICATION; CLONING; LOCUS AB Recent studies have shown that a locus responsible for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is on chromosome 2p and that tumors developing in these patients contain alterations in microsatellite sequences (RER+ phenotype). We have used chromosome microdissection to obtain highly polymorphic markers from chromosome 2p16. These and other markers were ordered in a panel of somatic cell hybrids and used to define a 0.8 Mb interval containing the HNPCC locus. Candidate genes were then mapped, and one was found to lie within the 0.8 Mb interval. We identified this candidate by virtue of its homology to mutS mismatch repair genes. cDNA clones were obtained and the sequence used to detect germline mutations, including those producing termination codons, in HNPCC kindreds. Somatic as well as germline mutations of the gene were identified in RER+ tumor cells. This mutS homolog is therefore likely to be responsible for HNPCC. C1 UNIV HELSINKI, DEPT MED GENET, SF-00290 HELSINKI 29, FINLAND. JOHNS HOPKINS ONCOL CTR, BALTIMORE, MD 21231 USA. NATL CTR HUMAN GENOME RES, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. ELEANOR ROOSEVELT INST CANC RES, DENVER, CO 80206 USA. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, DIV LIFE SCI, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. FRED HUTCHINSON CANC RES CTR, SEATTLE, WA 98104 USA. UNIV TEXAS, HLTH SCI CTR, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78284 USA. GENETHON, EVRY, FRANCE. INST PASTEUR, CNRS, URA 1445, UNITE GENET MOLEC HUMAINE, F-75724 PARIS 15, FRANCE. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, SCH PUBL HLTH & HYG, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 USA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, SCH MED, DEPT PATHOL, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 USA. MEM UNIV NEWFOUNDLAND, ST JOHNS A1B 3V6, NEWFOUNDLAND, CANADA. UNIV AUCKLAND, SCH MED, DEPT PATHOL, 92019 AUCKLAND, NEW ZEALAND. RI Guan, Xin-Yuan/A-3639-2009; Papadopoulos, Nickolas/K-7272-2012; Aaltonen, Lauri/A-5375-2010; OI Guan, Xin-Yuan/0000-0002-4485-6017; Aaltonen, Lauri/0000-0001-6839-4286; Peltomaki, Paivi/0000-0001-8819-2980; Nystrom, Minna/0000-0003-0827-0243 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA09320, CA35494, CA47527] NR 61 TC 1985 Z9 2013 U1 3 U2 106 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0092-8674 EI 1097-4172 J9 CELL JI Cell PD DEC 17 PY 1993 VL 75 IS 6 BP 1215 EP 1225 DI 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90330-S PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA MM893 UT WOS:A1993MM89300019 PM 8261515 ER PT J AU PROTOPOPESCU, V AF PROTOPOPESCU, V TI A GENERALIZATION OF THE SCATTERING-THEORY FOR LINEAR TRANSPORT-EQUATIONS SO COMPTES RENDUS DE L ACADEMIE DES SCIENCES SERIE I-MATHEMATIQUE LA French DT Article ID BOLTZMANN-EQUATION; EXISTENCE; OPERATOR; SPACES AB The scattering theory for transport-like equations is generalized in a framework that allows including boundary conditions into the formalism. The existence of the wave and scattering operators is directly inferred from the properties of the evolution operators that are determined, in turn, by the physics of collisions within and at the boundaries of the scattering domain. RP PROTOPOPESCU, V (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENGN PHYS & MATH,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU GAUTHIER-VILLARS PI PARIS PA S P E S-JOURNAL DEPT, 120 BD ST GERMAIN, F-75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0764-4442 J9 CR ACAD SCI I-MATH JI Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci. Ser. I-Math. PD DEC 16 PY 1993 VL 317 IS 12 BP 1191 EP 1196 PG 6 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA MT685 UT WOS:A1993MT68500019 ER PT J AU PAULSON, B PRAMOD, K EATON, P CLOSS, G MILLER, JR AF PAULSON, B PRAMOD, K EATON, P CLOSS, G MILLER, JR TI LONG-DISTANCE ELECTRON-TRANSFER THROUGH RODLIKE MOLECULES WITH CUBYL SPACERS SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DONOR-ACCEPTOR SYSTEMS; PHOTOINDUCED CHARGE-SEPARATION; THROUGH-BOND INTERACTIONS; FREE-ENERGY; RANGE ELECTRON; SOLVENT REORGANIZATION; TRANSFER ABSORPTION; INVERTED REGION; FIXED DISTANCES; RADICAL-ANIONS AB Rates of intramolecular electron transfer have been measured through cubanes. Pulse radiolysis was used to study the reactions B-Cu(n)N half arrow right over half arrow left BCu(n)N-, where B - (4-biphenylyl), N = (2-naphthyl), and Cu(n) is the; composed of n = 1-3 1,4-cubyl oligomers. Electronic couplings, V, for these reactions were found to decrease exponentially with increasing distance, V(R) = V(R0) exp[-0.5 beta-R], with beta = 0.90 angstrom-1. While the electron-transfer rates in these cubanes are a factor of 10 larger than in similar compounds with spacers based on cyclohexane, the distance dependence is almost identical to that for the cyclohexyl-type molecules, beta = 0.94 angstrom-1. The unusual properties of the cubanes enhanced the electron-transfer rates but did not lead to a large difference in distance dependence. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM,ARGONNE,IL 60439. UNIV CHICAGO,DEPT CHEM,CHICAGO,IL 60637. NR 83 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD DEC 16 PY 1993 VL 97 IS 50 BP 13042 EP 13045 DI 10.1021/j100152a002 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA MN052 UT WOS:A1993MN05200004 ER PT J AU PIOTROWIAK, P MILLER, JR AF PIOTROWIAK, P MILLER, JR TI COUNTERION EFFECTS IN INTRAMOLECULAR CHARGE-TRANSFER IN RADICAL-ANIONS SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-TRANSFER REACTIONS; SOLVATION DYNAMICS; DISTANCE; DIFFUSION; MOLECULES; EXCHANGE; RATES AB The influence of the presence of an electrolyte in a low-polarity solvent (tetrahydrofuran) on the mte of a weekly exoergic (almost-equal-to 50 meV) nonadiabatic intramolecular charge shift reaction and on the position of the absorption band in a degenerate system has been studied by pulse radiolysis. The investigation focused in particular on the dependence of the effect on the size of the cation of the chemically inert electrolyte. Electrolytes caused dramatic rate reductions of 2-3 orders of magnitude. Unexpectedly, the mte reduction was found to increase with an increasing size of the cation. The recorded spectral blue shifts were as large as 0.5 eV and exhibited the expected tendency: the smaller counterions produced larger spectral shifts, due to a stronger Coulombic interaction. In both cases the effects exceeded the limits predicted by the continuum approach and pointed to the ion-pairing mechanism. The discrepancy between the dependence of the thermal electron transfer and the optically assisted electron transfer on the radius of the counterion could not be easily explained on purely energetic grounds, and the dynamics of the counterion had to be considered. Unfortunately, no agreement between the experimental results and the Eigen model of dissociative diffusion of ion pairs in the zero ionic strength limit could be found. However, a qualitative correlation between the measured rates and the dissociation constants of the used salts, as well as the counterion mobilities was observed. C1 UNIV NEW ORLEANS,DEPT CHEM,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70148. RP PIOTROWIAK, P (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 32 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD DEC 16 PY 1993 VL 97 IS 50 BP 13052 EP 13060 DI 10.1021/j100152a004 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA MN052 UT WOS:A1993MN05200006 ER PT J AU JIA, YW DIMAGNO, TJ CHAN, CK WANG, ZY DU, M HANSON, DK SCHIFFER, M NORRIS, JR FLEMING, GR POPOV, MS AF JIA, YW DIMAGNO, TJ CHAN, CK WANG, ZY DU, M HANSON, DK SCHIFFER, M NORRIS, JR FLEMING, GR POPOV, MS TI PRIMARY CHARGE SEPARATION IN MUTANT REACTION CENTERS OF RHODOBACTER-CAPSULATUS SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC REACTION CENTERS; BACTERIAL REACTION CENTERS; PRIMARY ELECTRON-TRANSFER; SPHAEROIDES REACTION CENTERS; HOLE-BURNING SPECTROSCOPY; RHODOPSEUDOMONAS-SPHAEROIDES; FEMTOSECOND SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; EXCITED-STATE AB Excited-state decays of the special pair of Rhodobacter capsulatus and 10 mutants as a function of temperature are presented. The mutations are at the symmetry-related sites L181 and M208. All the decays are nonexponential, although the degree of nonexponentially depends strongly on the mutant and the temperature. We correlated the changes in decay time with mutation-induced changes in the redox potential of the ground state of the special pair. The qualitative form of the decays led us to explore a model based on a small Gaussian distribution of free energy gaps for the electron-transfer process. The model is used to estimate the reorganization energy arising from low-frequency protein and intramolecular modes coupled to the estimate the electron transfer. Our fitting procedure gives values of less-than-or-equal-to 250 and 500 cm-1 at 292 and 22 K, respectively. A consideration of possible errors leads us to conclude that the room temperature value could be no larger than twice the fitted value (i.e., less-than-or-equal-to 500 cm-1). The implications of our results for the mechanism of primary charge separation are C1 UNIV CHICAGO,DEPT CHEM,CHICAGO,IL 60637. UNIV CHICAGO,JAMES FRANCK INST,CHICAGO,IL 60637. CALTECH,DEPT CHEM,PASADENA,CA 91125. NIADDKD,LCP,BETHESDA,MD 20892. ARGONNE NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM,ARGONNE,IL 60439. ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV BIOL & MED RES,ARGONNE,IL 60439. NR 86 TC 159 Z9 169 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD DEC 16 PY 1993 VL 97 IS 50 BP 13180 EP 13191 DI 10.1021/j100152a024 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA MN052 UT WOS:A1993MN05200026 ER PT J AU MICIC, OI ZHANG, YN CROMACK, KR TRIFUNAC, AD THURNAUER, MC AF MICIC, OI ZHANG, YN CROMACK, KR TRIFUNAC, AD THURNAUER, MC TI PHOTOINDUCED HOLE TRANSFER FROM TIO2 TO METHANOL MOLECULES IN AQUEOUS-SOLUTION STUDIED BY ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID COLLOIDAL TIO2; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; PARTICLES; OXIDATION; SURFACE; WATER; PHOTO; OXIDE AB An electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) study is reported on the paramagnetic species formed on irradiation of aqueous TiO2 colloids in the presence of methanol. In laser (308 nm) irradiated aqueous solution of methanol at 1.9 K, the observed EPR signals are centered around g = 2 and have a line shape characteristic of the CH2OH radical. The appearance of these radicals at the very low temperature of 1.9 K implicates charge transfer from the oxygen lattice holes to methanol molecules within a few monolayers of the surface of the TiO2 particles. Different radicals are formed when CH3OH is chemisorbed on TiO2. The EPR signals detected in TiO2 colloidal solution prepared in methanol and then evaporated and dissolved in water also show the formation of the CH2OH radical due to oxidation of chemisorbed methanol on the TiO2 surface. These particles, with high laser pulse intensities, oxidize the chemisorbed methanol further to give the CHO radical. In addition, the CH3 radical is formed from reducing processes and observed at 6-50 K. In the absence of methanol, holes are trapped by surface hydroxide groups forming TI(IV)-O-Ti(IV)-O.. At higher temperature (150 K) in aqueous methanol solution, the .CH2OH radical transfers an electron to TiO2, doubling the yield of formation of surface Ti(III) ions which are stable in air-free solution. When an electron scavenger such as Hg2+ is present in solution, the EPR signal of Ti(III) disappears since mercury ions are reduced. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB, DIV CHEM, ARGONNE, IL 60439 USA. NR 45 TC 148 Z9 149 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD DEC 16 PY 1993 VL 97 IS 50 BP 13284 EP 13288 DI 10.1021/j100152a036 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA MN052 UT WOS:A1993MN05200038 ER PT J AU SHKROB, IA TRIFUNAC, AD AF SHKROB, IA TRIFUNAC, AD TI SOLID-STATE FDMR FROM SUNDRY POLY(OXYETHYLENE) ALKYLPHENYL ETHERS - A VERIFICATION OF THE SINGLE-STEP ELECTRON-TUNNELING AS A CAUSE OF THE CHARGE MOBILITY IN FROZEN SOLIDS AT 4-30-K SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DETECTED MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ALKANE RADICAL-CATIONS; SODIUM DODECYL-SULFATE; OD ESR TECHNIQUE; PULSE-RADIOLYSIS; SPIN-RESONANCE; TRITON X-100; MICELLAR SOLUTIONS; TRAPPED ELECTRONS; RECOMBINATION AB Observations of the time-resolved fluorescence-detected magnetic resonance (FDMR) from bridged radical ion pairs generated by pulse radiolysis of micellar aqueous and homogeneous alcohol solutions of poly(oxyethylene) (chain length 5-40) alkylphenyl ethers at 4-30 K are reported. Theoretical analysis of the spectra favors single-step through-bond electron tunneling as a mechanism of the geminate recombination in the pairs at these low temperatures. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM,ARGONNE,IL 60439. NR 67 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD DEC 16 PY 1993 VL 97 IS 50 BP 13298 EP 13307 DI 10.1021/j100152a038 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA MN052 UT WOS:A1993MN05200040 ER PT J AU GARCIA, E RYAN, RR AF GARCIA, E RYAN, RR TI STRUCTURE OF THE LASER HOST MATERIAL LIYF4 SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-CRYSTAL STRUCTURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article AB Lithium yttrium tetrafluoride, LiYF4, M(r) = 171.8, tetragonal, I4(1)/a, a = 5.164 (1), c = 10.741 (2) angstrom, V = 286.5 (1) angstrom3, Z = 4, D(x) = 3.99 g cm-3, lambda(Mo Kalpha) = 0.7107 angstrom, mu = 204 cm-1, F(000) = 312, T = 295 K, R = 0.015 for 156 unique observed [F>4sigma(F)] reflections. The scheelite (CaWO4) structure is confirmed. Lithium is located at a 4BAR site with four equidistant fluoride ions. Yttrium is in an eightfold coordination typical for rare-earth ions. RP GARCIA, E (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 11 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 8 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0108-2701 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR C JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. C-Cryst. Struct. Commun. PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 49 BP 2053 EP 2054 DI 10.1107/S0108270193005876 PN 12 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA MP774 UT WOS:A1993MP77400004 ER PT J AU GERSTEIN, BC PRUSKI, M HWANG, SJ AF GERSTEIN, BC PRUSKI, M HWANG, SJ TI DETERMINATION OF PROTON DENSITIES ON SILICA-GEL CATALYST SUPPORTS BY N-QUANTUM COHERENCE IN NMR SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROMETRY; CATALYSTS; SILICA GEL; SOLID STATE NMR ID NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; MULTIPLE PULSE NMR; LIOUVILLE SPACE; SOLIDS; ETHYLENE; AG(111); RELAXATION; RU; SPECTROSCOPY; EPOXIDATION AB The concepts involved in production and detection of n-quantum coherence in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) are considered. The use of coherent averaging to reduce internal Hamiltonians to zero, and to something other than their non-averaged values is reviewed. The experimental procedure necessary to produce and detect multiple quantum coherence in strongly dipolar coupled spin 1/2 solids is described. This procedure, using a single quantum propagator described in the initial sections, is then used to probe the densities (as distinguished from the chemical identities supplied by a 1-quantum fingerprint) of protons on silica gel surfaces of fumed, Cab-O-Sil HS5 silica gels which have: (a) not been relaxed by hydration, but have been reduced under flowing hydrogen; (b) been relaxed by hydration and subsequently reduced; (c) had deposited particles of metallic Ru, Pt, and Ag. As reflected in the highest order of multiple quantum coherence observed under a fixed time for development, the relaxed and reduced sample, and the sample with Ru deposited on it exhibit lower densities of protons than do the other samples. The implications to assuming that silica gel is an ''inert'' support for reactions involving reactions of hydrocarbons on supported metal catalysts are discussed. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP GERSTEIN, BC (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 59 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 283 IS 3 BP 1059 EP 1079 DI 10.1016/0003-2670(93)80266-N PG 21 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA MQ708 UT WOS:A1993MQ70800010 ER PT J AU LEE, JW JHON, MS REE, FH AF LEE, JW JHON, MS REE, FH TI THERMODYNAMIC PERTURBATION-THEORY OF CHARGED HARD-SPHERES IN A UNIFORM NEUTRALIZING BACKGROUND SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MEAN SPHERICAL MODEL; ONE-COMPONENT PLASMA; SIMPLE LIQUIDS; FLUIDS; EQUATIONS AB Thermodynamic quantities such as the excess Helmholtz free energy, excess internal energy, and compressibility factor of charged hard spheres are calculated from the hard-sphere perturbation theory and the optimized hard-sphere model which we have recently developed. The optimized hard-sphere model gives thermodynamic properties in excellent agreement with Monte Carlo results. We compute the radial distribution function and structure factor at several values of the Coulomb coupling constant and the hard-sphere packing fraction. Our results predict the radial distribution function and the structure factor in reasonable agreement with Monte Carlo results. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. YEUNGNAM UNIV,DEPT CHEM,KYUNG SAN 712749,SOUTH KOREA. RP LEE, JW (reprint author), KOREA ADV INST SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM,373-1 KISUNG DONG,TAEJON 305701,SOUTH KOREA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 178 IS 1-3 BP 105 EP 112 DI 10.1016/0301-0104(93)85055-D PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA MP942 UT WOS:A1993MP94200009 ER PT J AU VAUGHAN, GBM HEINEY, PA COX, DE FISCHER, JE MCGHIE, AR SMITH, AL STRONGIN, RM CICHY, MA SMITH, AB AF VAUGHAN, GBM HEINEY, PA COX, DE FISCHER, JE MCGHIE, AR SMITH, AL STRONGIN, RM CICHY, MA SMITH, AB TI STRUCTURAL PHASE-TRANSITIONS AND ORIENTATIONAL ORDERING IN C-7O SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOLID C-60; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; C70; FULLERENE; CRYSTALS; DIFFRACTION; DYNAMICS; DISORDER; C60 AB The thermal behavior of solid C-70 has been studied by synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. The equilibrium solid state structures formed by C-70 were solved by full profile refinement techniques in which orientational and packing disorder were explicitly accounted for. Above 345 K, C-70 forms a plastic crystal, with an equilibrium face-centered cubic structure. At lower temperatures, orientational freezing occurs in two stages. Between 295 and 345 K, disorder persists only about the long axis of the molecule, and the lattice undergoes a rhombohedral distortion. Below 295 K, the rhombohedral lattice undergoes a further distortion, resulting in a previously unobserved monoclinic structure, in which the molecules are presumed to be essentially static. At all temperatures, however, the structure of C-70 retains an ABC packing sequence. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT PHYS,UPTON,NY 11973. UNIV PENN,DEPT MAT SCI,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. UNIV PENN,RES STRUCT MATTER LAB,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. DREXEL UNIV,DEPT CHEM,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. UNIV PENN,DEPT PHYS,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. RI Vaughan, Gavin/B-1479-2010; Strongin, Robert/F-1026-2010 NR 46 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 178 IS 1-3 BP 599 EP 613 DI 10.1016/0301-0104(93)85096-Q PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA MP942 UT WOS:A1993MP94200050 ER PT J AU GOLDEN, BL RAMAKRISHNAN, V WHITE, SW AF GOLDEN, BL RAMAKRISHNAN, V WHITE, SW TI RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN-L6 - STRUCTURAL EVIDENCE OF GENE DUPLICATION FROM A PRIMITIVE RNA-BINDING PROTEIN SO EMBO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE RIBOSOME; RNA BINDING PROTEIN; TRANSLATION; X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY ID BACILLUS-STEAROTHERMOPHILUS RIBOSOME; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; TERTIARY STRUCTURE; CROSS-LINKING; L6; RESOLUTION; SUBUNIT; DOMAIN; LOCALIZATION AB In all cells, protein synthesis is coordinated by the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein particle that is composed of > 50 distinct protein molecules and several large RNA molecules. Here we present the crystal structure of ribosomal protein L6 from the thermophilic bacterium Bacillus stearothermophilus solved at 2.6 angstrom resolution. L6 contains two domains with almost identical folds, implying that it was created by an ancient gene duplication event. The surface of the molecule displays several likely sites of interaction with other components of the ribosome. The RNA binding sites appear to be localized in the C-terminal domain whereas the N-terminal domain contains the potential sites for protein-protein interactions. The domain structure is homologous with several other ribosomal proteins and to a large family of eukaryotic RNA binding proteins. C1 DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT MICROBIOL,DURHAM,NC 27710. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT BIOL,UPTON,NY 11973. OI Golden, Barbara/0000-0002-9741-882X; Ramakrishnan, V/0000-0002-4699-2194 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM44973] NR 38 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0261-4189 J9 EMBO J JI Embo J. PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 12 IS 13 BP 4901 EP 4908 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA MM120 UT WOS:A1993MM12000001 PM 8262035 ER PT J AU RASHID, MM AF RASHID, MM TI INCREMENTAL KINEMATICS FOR FINITE-ELEMENT APPLICATIONS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID RATE CONSTITUTIVE-EQUATIONS; DEFORMATION PLASTICITY; NUMERICAL-INTEGRATION; ROTATION AB A kinematical algorithm is proposed in which the input is the incremental deformation gradient corresponding to an increment in motion for a time step, and the output is a constant rate-of-stretching tenser and a rotation tenser. The concept of algorithmic objectivity is discussed, with a stronger statement of objectivity than those advanced in previous,works being set forth. The importance of strong objectivity is illustrated for applications in which moderately large rotation increments are to be expected. Accuracy of the proposed algorithm is discussed and illustrated with example calculations, and it is shown that the accuracy of the algorithm may be extended to arbitrary order. Also, the computational effort associated with the proposed algorithm is seen to compare favourably to that of other algorithms. RP RASHID, MM (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,DEPT ENGN MECH & MAT MODELING,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 17 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0029-5981 J9 INT J NUMER METH ENG JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 36 IS 23 BP 3937 EP 3956 DI 10.1002/nme.1620362302 PG 20 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA MK202 UT WOS:A1993MK20200001 ER PT J AU MOLL, AJ AGER, JW YU, KM WALUKIEWICZ, W HALLER, EE AF MOLL, AJ AGER, JW YU, KM WALUKIEWICZ, W HALLER, EE TI THE EFFECT OF COIMPLANTATION ON THE ELECTRICAL-ACTIVITY OF IMPLANTED CARBON IN GAAS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID P-TYPE GAAS; EPITAXIAL REGROWTH; DOPED GAAS; LAYERS; TEMPERATURE AB The effects of radiation damage and stoichiometry on the electrical activity of carbon implanted in GaAs are studied. Damage due to implantation of an ion heavier than C increases the number of C atoms which substitute for As (C(As)). Creation of an amorphous layer by implantation and the subsequent solid phase epitaxy during annealing further enhances the concentration of C(As). However, the free carrier concentration does not increase linearly with increasing concentration of C(As) due to compensating defects. Activation of implanted C is maximized by maintaining the stoichiometry of the substrate which reduces the number of compensating defects in the crystal. Under optimum conditions for carbon implanted at a dose of 5 X 10(14) cm-2, the carbon acceptor activity can be increased from 2% to 65% of the total implanted carbon. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT MAT SCI & MINERAL ENGN,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP MOLL, AJ (reprint author), LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,CTR ADV MAT,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012; OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 74 IS 12 BP 7118 EP 7123 DI 10.1063/1.355027 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA ML900 UT WOS:A1993ML90000014 ER PT J AU ERES, G SHARP, JW AF ERES, G SHARP, JW TI THE ROLE OF HYDRIDE COVERAGE IN SURFACE-LIMITED THIN-FILM GROWTH OF EPITAXIAL SILICON AND GERMANIUM SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ATOMIC-LAYER EPITAXY; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; PI-BONDED DIMERS; HYDROGEN DESORPTION; RECOMBINATIVE DESORPTION; SI(100)-2X1 SURFACE; KINETICS; ADSORPTION AB The connection between the hydride coverage and thin-film growth rate was investigated by a kinetic model consisting of the elementary reaction steps of source gas chemisorption and hydrogen desorption in silicon and germanium epitaxial thin-film growth from silanes and germanes. A generalized form of the model for steady-state conditions was used to extract the kinetic parameters of the elementary reaction steps from experimental film growth data in the literature. Three-dimensional plots of the growth rate as a function of the substrate temperature and the source gas flux were used to summarize the trends in steady-state surface-limited thin-film growth using the kinetic parameters extracted by the model. The three-dimensional plots show that: (1) each of the elementary reaction steps is dominantly dependent only on a single external growth parameter, and (2) in the transition region where neither of the elementary steps is clearly dominant the growth rates exhibit a complex dependenee on the growth parameters. The kinetic parameters for the elementary reaction steps are found to be in good agreement with the values obtained by independent (nonfilm growth) surface studies. The insight gained by modeling the hydride coverage in thin-film growth led to development of digital epitaxy, an alternative growth method to atomic layer epitaxy of group IV materials. Digital epitaxy is accomplished through cyclic repetition of alternating chemisorption and hydrogen desorption stages. RP ERES, G (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, POB 2008, DIV SOLID STATE, BLDG 2000 MS 6056, OAK RIDGE, TN 37833 USA. RI Eres, Gyula/C-4656-2017 OI Eres, Gyula/0000-0003-2690-5214 NR 52 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 74 IS 12 BP 7241 EP 7250 DI 10.1063/1.355014 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA ML900 UT WOS:A1993ML90000029 ER PT J AU POLONKA, J XU, M GOLDMAN, AI FINNEMORE, DK AF POLONKA, J XU, M GOLDMAN, AI FINNEMORE, DK TI EFFECTS OF OXYGEN ON THE MELTING AND FREEZING OF BI2SR2CA1CU2O8+DELTA SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Crystallization of Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2O8+delta has been studied as a function of the partial pressure of oxygen, using in situ high temperature x-ray measurements, in order to determine the phases that form and the kinetics of growth. As the partial pressure of oxygen is systematically reduced, the dominant second phase changes from (Sr,Ca)2Cu1O3 at 150 Torr of oxygen, to (Sr,Ca)1Cu1O2 at 15 Torr of oxygen, to CaO in a pure nitrogen atmosphere. Normally, in 150 Torr of oxygen, Bi2Sr2Cu1O6+delta is the first Bi cuprate to form from the melt but if the oxygen partial pressure is reduced to 75 Torr, then Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2O8+delta is favored due to the decreased amount of 2:1 phase in the melt. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT PHYS,AMES,IA 50011. RP POLONKA, J (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,US DOE,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 9 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 74 IS 12 BP 7397 EP 7401 DI 10.1063/1.355009 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA ML900 UT WOS:A1993ML90000051 ER PT J AU LEE, EH HARPEL, MR CHEN, YR HARTMAN, FC AF LEE, EH HARPEL, MR CHEN, YR HARTMAN, FC TI PERTURBATION OF REACTION-INTERMEDIATE PARTITIONING BY A SITE-DIRECTED MUTANT OF RIBULOSE-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE OXYGENASE SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE-SITE; RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; RIBULOSEBISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; RHODOSPIRILLUM-RUBRUM; 1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; INTERSUBUNIT INTERACTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MUTAGENESIS; CATALYSIS; RESOLUTION AB To explore the roles of active-site Glu48 of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from Rhodospirillum rubrum, the E48Q mutant has been characterized with respect to kinetics and product distribution. Although the k(cat) for carboxylase activity is only 0.6% of the wild-type value, the mutant retains full activity in catalyzing the conversion of the carboxylated reaction intermediate to 3-phosphoglycerate and retains 10% of the normal activity in catalyzing the enolization of ribulore bisphosphate. Thus, the mutant is preferentially impaired in the carboxylation step. Partitioning of the enediol(ate) intermediate during turnover of ribulose bisphosphate is perturbed dramatically in the case of the mutant protein. Whereas the wild-type enzyme displays a CO2/O2 specificity factor of 11, the corresponding parameter of the mutant is only 0.3, thereby signifying a shift of the relative reactivity of the enediol(ate) in favor of O2. The mutant protein is also unable to protect the enediol(ate) against misprotonation with consequential conversion of ribulose bisphosphate to xylulose bisphosphate. This side reaction, undetected with wild-type R. rubrum enzyme, proceeds as rapidly as carboxylation Of D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate by the E48Q mutant. Formation of xylulose bisphosphate by the mutant does not appear to account for the decline in carboxylase activity that occurs during the course of an assay. These studies demonstrate the multiple functionalities of Glu48 in the facilitation of catalysis and in directing intermediate partitioning in the preferred direction. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV BIOL,PROT ENGN PROGRAM,POB 2009,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NR 36 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 268 IS 35 BP 26583 EP 26591 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA MK425 UT WOS:A1993MK42500083 PM 8253788 ER PT J AU MCCAFFREY, JG FUNK, DJ BRECKENRIDGE, WH AF MCCAFFREY, JG FUNK, DJ BRECKENRIDGE, WH TI CHARACTERIZATION OF THE 1ST EXCITED (1)PI(1) AND THE GROUND X (1)SIGMA(+) STATES OF MGXE .1. ANALYSIS OF THE (1)PI[-X (1)PI(+) BOUND BOUND TRANSITIONS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION; INTERATOMIC POTENTIALS; VANDERWAALS MOLECULE; LASER SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC STATES; E3-SIGMA+ STATES; CDAR; HGAR; ATOMS; CDNE AB Laser induced fluorescence (LIF) excitation spectra recorded for the vibrational bands in the Mg(3s3p 1P1) . Xe(1PI1) <-- Mg(3s3s 1S0) . Xe(X 1SIGMA+) system have been analyzed, yielding absolute vibrational assignments and values of omega(e)x(e) = 1.585 +/- 0.02 and omega(e) = 97.5 +/- 1.0 cm-1 for the 1PI1 state of (MgXe)-Mg-24-Xe-132. From a Birge-Sponer extrapolation, the well depth of this state is estimated to be 1500 cm 1. Simulations of rotationally structured spectra of three of the most intense vibrational bands are consistent with R(e)'' = 4.56 +/- 0.12 angstrom for the X 1SIGMA+ state. From Morse function extrapolation of the excited state rotational constants from the simulations, and Franck-Condon intensity simulations of the 1PI1 <-- X 1SIGMA+ vibrational progressions, R(e)' for the 1PI1 state is estimated to be 3.07 +/- 0.10 angstrom. The 1PI1 state of MgXe fluoresces strongly. The corresponding 1PI1 states of ZnXe and CdXe do not fluoresce, but ''action'' spectra from the production (via predissociation) of metal atom P-3(J) states are observed. Possible reasons for these differences are discussed in terms of spin-orbit induced predissociation. It is concluded that predissociation of the MgXe (1PI1) state is not observed because the crossing between the repulsive 3SIGMA1+ and the attractive 1PI1 potential curves does not occur until energies higher than those accessible experimentally. Possible reasons for the behavior of the diatomic MgXe(1PI1) state vs that of Mg(3s3p P-1(1)) isolated in solid Xe, where production of Mg(3s3p P-3(J)) states competes with Mg(3s3p P-1(1)) fluorescence, are also discussed. Finally, the attractive ''bonding'' interactions in the MgXe(1PI1) state are analyzed in terms of electrostatic interactions and compared with those for other PI-type states of metal/rare-gas van der Waals diatomic molecules. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,GRP CLS4,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. UNIV UTAH,DEPT CHEM,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84112. RP MCCAFFREY, JG (reprint author), ST PATRICKS COLL,DEPT CHEM,MAYNOOTH,KILDARE,IRELAND. NR 50 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 99 IS 12 BP 9472 EP 9481 DI 10.1063/1.465482 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA MM413 UT WOS:A1993MM41300015 ER PT J AU GROENENBOOM, GC COLBERT, DT AF GROENENBOOM, GC COLBERT, DT TI COMBINING THE DISCRETE VARIABLE REPRESENTATION WITH THE S-MATRIX KOHN METHOD FOR QUANTUM REACTIVE SCATTERING SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLE; VERSION; APPROXIMATION; MECHANICS; EQUATIONS AB In order to reduce the memory requirements of quantum reactive scattering calculations based on delocalized basis sets, we use a discrete basis in a single interaction region coordinate system, resulting in a sparse Hamiltonian matrix. The resulting set of linear equations is solved via an iterative method which exploits their sparsity. Other important features of our formalism are the use of a truncated grid and distorted waves used to shrink the interaction region, and therefore the basis size. We demonstrate the method and assess its efficiency for the reaction D+H-2 --> DH+H, at a total energy of 0.9 eV and zero total angular momentum (J=0). C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT CHEM,BERKELEY,CA 94702. LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV CHEM SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94702. UNIV HOUSTON,DEPT CHEM,HOUSTON,TX 77204. RI Groenenboom, Gerrit/F-9692-2015; OI Groenenboom, Gerrit/0000-0002-0920-3707 NR 38 TC 111 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 99 IS 12 BP 9681 EP 9696 DI 10.1063/1.465450 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA MM413 UT WOS:A1993MM41300035 ER PT J AU PETERSON, KA KENDALL, RA DUNNING, TH AF PETERSON, KA KENDALL, RA DUNNING, TH TI BENCHMARK CALCULATIONS WITH CORRELATED MOLECULAR WAVE-FUNCTIONS .3. CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION CALCULATIONS ON 1ST ROW HOMONUCLEAR DIATOMICS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POLARIZATION BASIS FUNCTIONS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; DISSOCIATION-ENERGIES; ABINITIO CALCULATIONS; NATURAL ORBITALS; COUPLED-CLUSTER; GROUND-STATES; SCF PROCEDURE; N-2; O-2 AB Using correlation consistent basis sets from double through quintuple zeta quality, potential energy functions have been calculated for the electronic ground states of the first row homonuclear diatomic molecules B2, C2, N2, O2 and F2 using single and double excitation configuration interaction (HF + 1 + 2, GVB + 1 + 2, and CAS + 1 + 2) wave functions. Spectroscopic constants have been calculated for each species and compared to experiment. The dependence of the calculated spectroscopic constants on systematic extensions of the one-particle basis set are, in general, found to be very regular. By fitting the directly calculated values with a simple exponential function, accurate estimates of the complete basis set (CBS) limit for E(e), D(e), and r(e) have been obtained for each level of theory. The estimated CBS limits are compared to the available experimental results, and the intrinsic errors associated with each theoretical method are discussed. In addition, the accuracy of the internally contracted CAS + 1 + 2 method is compared to conventional uncontracted calculations using large basis sets. For B2, a full CI calculation have been carried out for D(e) with the correlation consistent double zeta basis set and is compared to the CAS + 1 + 2 method using both a supermolecule and separated atom approach for the dissociated limit. RP PETERSON, KA (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, MOLEC SCI RES CTR, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 48 TC 182 Z9 183 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 99 IS 12 BP 9790 EP 9805 DI 10.1063/1.465461 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA MM413 UT WOS:A1993MM41300047 ER PT J AU CHOI, Y REE, T REE, FH AF CHOI, Y REE, T REE, FH TI PHASE-DIAGRAM OF A LENNARD-JONES SOLID SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PERTURBATION-THEORY; TRANSITIONS AB A phase diagram of a Lennard-Jones solid at kT/epsilon greater-than-or-equal-to 0.8 is constructed by our recent perturbation theory. It shows the stability of the face-centered-cubic phase except within a small pressure and temperature domain, where the hexagonal-close packed phase may occur. The theory predicts anharmonic contributions to the Helmholtz free energy (important to the crystal stability) in good agreement with Monte Carlo data. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. RP CHOI, Y (reprint author), KOREA ADV INST SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM,TAEJON,SOUTH KOREA. NR 15 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 99 IS 12 BP 9917 EP 9919 DI 10.1063/1.465389 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA MM413 UT WOS:A1993MM41300062 ER PT J AU MANTHE, U SEIDEMAN, T MILLER, WH AF MANTHE, U SEIDEMAN, T MILLER, WH TI FULL-DIMENSIONAL QUANTUM-MECHANICAL CALCULATION OF THE RATE-CONSTANT FOR THE H2+OH-]H2O+H REACTION SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Note ID DISCRETE VARIABLE REPRESENTATION; BOND-SELECTED REACTION; BIMOLECULAR REACTION; VIBRATIONAL-STATE; HYDROGEN-ATOMS; SCATTERING; MODE; OH; WATER; DISTRIBUTIONS AB The cumulative reaction probability (CRP) (the Boltzmann average of which is the thermal rate constant) has been calculated for the reaction H-2+OH <--> H2O+H in its full (six) dimensionality for total angular momentum J=O. The calculation, which should be the (numerically) exact result for the assumed potential energy surface, was carried out by a direct procedure that avoids having to solve the complete state-to-state reactive scattering problem. Higher angular momenta (J > 0) were taken into account approximately to obtain the thermal rate constant k(T) over the range 300 < T < 700 K; the result is significantly larger than the experimental values (a factor of approximately 4 at 300 K), indicating that a more accurate potential energy surface is needed in order to provide a quantitative description of this reaction. C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV CHEM SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP MANTHE, U (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT CHEM,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Manthe, Uwe/A-5877-2011 OI Manthe, Uwe/0000-0002-4845-9633 NR 45 TC 195 Z9 195 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 99 IS 12 BP 10078 EP 10081 DI 10.1063/1.465514 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA MM413 UT WOS:A1993MM41300082 ER PT J AU HURWITZ, FI HEIMANN, P FARMER, SC HEMBREE, DM AF HURWITZ, FI HEIMANN, P FARMER, SC HEMBREE, DM TI CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PYROLYTIC CONVERSION OF POLYSILSESQUIOXANES TO SILICON OXYCARBIDES SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID POLYCARBOSILANE PRECURSOR; SIC FIBERS; GLASSES; REDISTRIBUTION; MECHANISMS; CHEMISTRY; GRAPHITE AB A series of silsesquioxane copolymers synthesized by hydrolysis and condensation of phenyl- and methyltrimethoxysilanes have been studied as preceramic polymers. The pyrolytic conversion to ceramics was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, Si-29 and C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance and Raman spectroscopy. The pyrolysed materials were further characterized by differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffractometry and transmission electron microscopy. The ratio of phenyl to methyl groups in the copolymer was found to control polymer structure and rheology, as well as ceramic composition and char yield. On pyrolysis to 1000-degrees-C under inert conditions, silicon oxycarbides were formed, along with glassy carbon. On heating from 1200-degrees-C to 1400-degrees-C, the oxycarbide structure diminished, and the materials were comprised primarily of amorphous silica, amorphous Si-C, some small crystallite SiC and graphitic carbon. The carbon content increased, and char yield decreased, with increasing concentration of phenyl groups in the copolymer. The presence of free carbon appears to inhibit the crystallization of silica. Significant carbothermal reduction was observed only above 1500-degrees-C. Oxidation studies of the pyrolysed materials indicated the presence of at least two forms of carbon. C1 MARTIN MARIETTA ENERGY SYST INC,OAK RIDGE Y12 PLANT,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP HURWITZ, FI (reprint author), NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,CLEVELAND,OH 44135, USA. NR 30 TC 119 Z9 121 U1 6 U2 23 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 28 IS 24 BP 6622 EP 6630 DI 10.1007/BF00356406 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA MN415 UT WOS:A1993MN41500018 ER PT J AU PAJARES, A GUIBERTEAU, F WESTMACOTT, KH DOMINGUEZRODRIGUEZ, A AF PAJARES, A GUIBERTEAU, F WESTMACOTT, KH DOMINGUEZRODRIGUEZ, A TI TEM CHARACTERIZATION OF INDENTED POLYCRYSTALLINE Y-PSZ SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INDENTATION; CERAMICS; KNOOP AB The microstructural characterization of indented Y-PSZ polycrystals has been investigated by TEM. The observations show two different regions associated with the indent: a large core with a high density of monoclinic particles transformed from the initial tetragonal variant, and an inner core region with a high density of dislocations. The core region can be correlated with previous observations of a crack exclusion zone. C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,NCEM,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV SEVILLE,FAC PHYS,DEPT PHYS CONDENSED MAT,E-41080 SEVILLE,SPAIN. RP PAJARES, A (reprint author), UNIV EXTREMADURA,FAC SCI,DEPT PHYS,E-06071 BADAJOZ,SPAIN. RI Pajares, Antonia/I-3881-2015; OI Pajares, Antonia/0000-0002-1086-7586; Dominguez-Rodriguez, Arturo/0000-0003-1598-5669 NR 14 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 28 IS 24 BP 6709 EP 6714 DI 10.1007/BF00356419 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA MN415 UT WOS:A1993MN41500031 ER PT J AU HSUEH, CH BECHER, PF AF HSUEH, CH BECHER, PF TI SOME CONSIDERATIONS OF 2-WAY DEBONDING DURING FIBER PULL-OUT SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES; MATRIX COMPOSITES; ELASTIC MATRIX; STRENGTH; STRESSES RP HSUEH, CH (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV MET & CERAM,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Hsueh, Chun-Hway/G-1345-2011 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0261-8028 J9 J MATER SCI LETT JI J. Mater. Sci. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 12 IS 24 BP 1933 EP 1936 DI 10.1007/BF00882547 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA MN413 UT WOS:A1993MN41300019 ER PT J AU JENKINS, MG FERBER, MK LIN, CKJ AF JENKINS, MG FERBER, MK LIN, CKJ TI BENEFICIAL-EFFECTS OF CYCLIC TENSILE LOADING ON THE FATIGUE RESISTANCE OF AN SI3N4 SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STRENGTH; BEHAVIOR; CERAMICS C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. OAK RIDGE INST SCI & EDUC,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP JENKINS, MG (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0261-8028 J9 J MATER SCI LETT JI J. Mater. Sci. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 12 IS 24 BP 1940 EP 1944 DI 10.1007/BF00882549 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA MN413 UT WOS:A1993MN41300021 ER PT J AU MCLUCKEY, SA HABIBIGOUDARZI, S AF MCLUCKEY, SA HABIBIGOUDARZI, S TI DECOMPOSITIONS OF MULTIPLY-CHARGED OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ANIONS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ION MOLECULE REACTIONS; ELECTROSPRAY IONIZATION; CYTOCHROME-C; TRAP; PROTEINS; POLYPEPTIDES; BIOMOLECULES; DISSOCIATION; PRINCIPLES AB Multiply charged single-strand deoxyoligonucleotide anions fragment first by loss of a nucleobase followed by cleavage at the 3; C-O bond of the sugar from which the base is lost. Both steps are proposed to proceed via 1,2-elimination involving hydrogens from the sugar and to yield a stable substituted furan as one of the products. There is a strong preference for loss of charged adenine followed by loss of charged thymine. This tendency is strongly dependent, however, upon the internal Coulombic repulsion experienced by the ion. The position of the base in the chain is not a major factor in determining which base is lost first, except in the case of the base at the 3' terminus. The loss of the base at the 3' terminus tends to be disfavored, and this tendency may result in the more abundant loss of a charged thymine, for example, than the loss of charged adenine when the only deoxyadenylate present in the sequence is at the 3' terminus. Relatively small oligomers can be fully or nearly fully sequenced via several stages of mass spectrometry. Sequencing adjacent deoxyguanylate and deoxycytidylate residues tends to be difficult due to the much lower abundances of product ions formed via reaction channels beginning with losses of cytidine and guanine. Multiple stages of mass spectrometry are facilitated by highly charged parent ions. RP MCLUCKEY, SA (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, DIV CHEM & ANALYT SCI, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. RI McLuckey, Scott/B-2203-2009 OI McLuckey, Scott/0000-0002-1648-5570 NR 47 TC 279 Z9 280 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 115 IS 25 BP 12085 EP 12095 DI 10.1021/ja00078a054 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MM514 UT WOS:A1993MM51400054 ER PT J AU ASOKAKUMAR, P GREENBERG, JS HENDERSON, SD HUOMO, H LUBELL, MS LYNN, KG MAYER, R MCCORKLE, S MCDONOUGH, J PALATHINGAL, JC PHLIPS, BF VEHANEN, A WEBER, M WU, XY AF ASOKAKUMAR, P GREENBERG, JS HENDERSON, SD HUOMO, H LUBELL, MS LYNN, KG MAYER, R MCCORKLE, S MCDONOUGH, J PALATHINGAL, JC PHLIPS, BF VEHANEN, A WEBER, M WU, XY TI AN INTENSE MONOENERGETIC POSITRON BEAM WITH AN ADJUSTABLE ENERGY BETWEEN 05 AND 30 MEV SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article ID COLLISIONS; SCATTERING; SURFACES; SPECTRA; SEARCH AB An adjustable 0.5 to 3.0 MeV monoenergetic positron beam has been developed at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Positrons leaving a Na-22 beta+ source with a approximately 6000 angstrom thick W(100) transmission moderator are accelerated to higher energies in a 3.0 MeV Dynamitron. At a target position, located 12 m away from the exit of the accelerator, the beam has a maximum intensity of 5 x 10(5) e+/s inside a 1.1 mm full width at half maximum (FWHM) spot and is characterized by an energy spread of < 1 keV FWHM and a high-energy contamination from the unmoderated positrons of < 1 e+/s. At an energy of 2.2 MeV the beam divergence half angle at the target is < 0.5-degrees. This paper describes the positron beam generation, extraction, acceleration, and transport along with the tools employed for the beam diagnostics and the measured parameters. It also includes a brief description of possible applications and a summary of results from recent experiments. C1 YALE UNIV,WN5L,NEW HAVEN,CT 06511. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. HELSINKI UNIV TECHNOL,SF-02150 ESPOO 15,FINLAND. UNIV PUERTO RICO,MAYAGUEZ,PR 00708. RP ASOKAKUMAR, P (reprint author), CUNY CITY COLL,DEPT PHYS,NEW YORK,NY 10031, USA. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 337 IS 1 BP 3 EP 10 DI 10.1016/0168-9002(93)91131-6 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA MR360 UT WOS:A1993MR36000002 ER PT J AU GREENWOOD, RC PUTNAM, MH AF GREENWOOD, RC PUTNAM, MH TI MEASUREMENT OF BETA-END-POINT ENERGIES USING A GE DETECTOR WITH MONTE-CARLO GENERATED RESPONSE FUNCTIONS SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-RAY SPECTROMETER; GERMANIUM DETECTOR; MASSES AB A beta-gamma coincidence spectrometer has been developed, in association with the INEL ISOL facility, to allow beta- end-point energies to be measured for short-lived fission-product isotopes. In this spectrometer a 200 mm2 x 10 mm planar intrinsic Ge detector, in a cryostat with a thin Be window and integrally mounted into the ISOL vacuum system, is used to measure the beta-spectra. A feature of the analysis codes used to unfold these measured beta- spectra is the use of a complete library of electron response functions generated with a Monte Carlo electron and photon transport code. With this system, beta- end-point energies have been measured and Q(beta) values deduced, for P-32, Y-90, Cs-140, Pr-151, Nd-153, Pm-153, Pm-154 (1.7 min), Nd-155, Pm-155, Sm-155, Sm-157 and Sm-158. RP GREENWOOD, RC (reprint author), EG&G IDAHO INC,IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415, USA. NR 44 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 337 IS 1 BP 106 EP 115 DI 10.1016/0168-9002(93)91142-A PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA MR360 UT WOS:A1993MR36000013 ER PT J AU TAMAYO, P AF TAMAYO, P TI MAGNETIZATION RELAXATION TO EQUILIBRIUM ON LARGE 2D SWENDSEN-WANG ISING-MODELS SO PHYSICA A LA English DT Article AB We present results for the simulation of the magnetization relaxation time exponent on large Ising systems (up to 32768(2) spins) with Swendsen-Wang dynamics. The relaxation of the magnetization appears to decay with a power law behavior with effective z = 0.25 +/- 0.05. C1 THINKING MACHINES CORP,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02142. RP TAMAYO, P (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87544, USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 201 IS 4 BP 543 EP 546 DI 10.1016/0378-4371(93)90126-O PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA MR772 UT WOS:A1993MR77200007 ER PT J AU WELP, U CRABTREE, GW WAGNER, JL HINKS, DG AF WELP, U CRABTREE, GW WAGNER, JL HINKS, DG TI FLUX-PINNING AND THE IRREVERSIBILITY LINES IN THE HGBA2CUO4+DELTA, HGBA2CACU2O6+DELTA AND HGBA2CA2CU3O8+DELTA COMPOUNDS SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article ID FIELD CRITICAL CURRENTS; THIN-FILMS; YBA2CU3O7 AB Using measurements of the magnetization hysteresis we determine the temperature and field dependence of the critical current density, the pinning force and the irreversibility lines of polycrystalline HgBa2CuO4+delta, HgBa2CaCu2O6+delta and HgBa2Ca2Cu3O8+delta. For all three materials we observe an exponential decay of the critical current with increasing temperature and/or field. The temperature dependence of the irreversibility fields follows a power law, H(irr) is-proportional-to (1 - T/T(c))4, and is intermediate to that of YBa2Cu3O7 and the Bi/Tl-based superconductors. These results are analyzed in a model in which the separation between the superconducting CuO2 blocks is the important parameter. At 77 K the irreversibility field of HgBa2Ca2Cu3O8+delta is 2 T and the critical current density at 77 K in a field of 1 T is about 2 x 10(3) A/cm2. The plate-like nature of the grains in the double- and triple-layer compounds offers the possibility that textured materials with good coupling between the grains can be prepared. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,SCI & TECHNOL CTR SUPERCONDUCTIV,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP WELP, U (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 16 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 218 IS 3-4 BP 373 EP 378 DI 10.1016/0921-4534(93)90039-S PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA MP693 UT WOS:A1993MP69300006 ER PT J AU BRANZ, HM IWANICZKO, E AF BRANZ, HM IWANICZKO, E TI EVIDENCE FOR THE HYDROGEN-GLASS MODEL OF METASTABILITY ANNEALING IN PHOSPHORUS-DOPED AMORPHOUS-SILICON SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CONDUCTIVITY CHANGES; A-SI; RELAXATION; DIFFUSION; DEFECTS AB We present qualitative and quantitative evidence that the H-glass model is applicable to metastability annealing in P-doped hydrogenated amorphous silicon and measure the principal parameter of the model. We study the effect of H content on the annealing of quenched-in, metastable, excess dark conductivity in amorphous silicon. The annealing temperature (T*) is 355+/-20-degrees-C in sputtered P-implanted amorphous silicon (a-Si) containing 0.1 at. % of H. After hydrogenation with about 10 at. % of H, T* falls to 175+/-20-degrees-C, much closer to the 130-degrees-C observed in glow-discharge hydrogenated a-Si. We derive a quantitative prediction of the H-glass model: the H-diffusion coefficient at T* is inversely proportional to the H content in a-Si samples. Our measurements of H-diffusion coefficient at T* are in agreement with this prediction. RP NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB, GOLDEN, CO 80401 USA. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 48 IS 23 BP 17114 EP 17120 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.48.17114 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA MN530 UT WOS:A1993MN53000027 ER PT J AU CORKILL, JL COHEN, ML AF CORKILL, JL COHEN, ML TI STRUCTURAL, BONDING, AND ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES OF IIA-IV ANTIFLUORITE COMPOUNDS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOPOTENTIALS AB We have studied the electronic and structural properties of the antifluorite compounds Mg2X (X= Si, Ge, Sn), Be2C, and hypothetical compounds Mg2C and Be2Si using the first-principles pseudopotential total energy method. Five of the compounds are small-gap semiconductors, while Be2Si is a metal. Calculated lattice constants agree well with experiment for the four known compounds, but are consistently a few percent smaller than the reported values. The bulk moduli of this group of materials follow a semiempirical formula for B0 to within approximately 5%. Bulk moduli calculated from first principles, corrected for the underestimation of the lattice constant, agree well with the available experimental values. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, DEPT PHYS, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, DIV MAT SCI, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. NR 25 TC 73 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 48 IS 23 BP 17138 EP 17144 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.48.17138 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA MN530 UT WOS:A1993MN53000030 ER PT J AU RONG, ZY KUIPER, P AF RONG, ZY KUIPER, P TI ELECTRONIC EFFECTS IN SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY - MOIRE PATTERN ON A GRAPHITE SURFACE SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID IMAGES; CORRUGATIONS; DENSITY; STATES; CARBON; METAL AB We observed by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) a hexagonal superlattice on graphite with a period of 66 angstrom. Direct measurement of the angle between lattice vectors confirmed that the superlattice is a Moire pattern caused by a 2.1-degrees rotation of the topmost (0001) plane with respect to the bulk. The STM corrugation of 2.6 angstrom is not due to physical buckling, but to differences in electronic structure between AA-stacked, normal AB-stacked, and rhombohedral CAB-stacked graphite. The high tunneling current of A A-stacked regions is in agreement with the high density of states at the Fermi level calculated for A A graphite. The Moire pattern changes, both the amplitude and the shape, with bias voltage. The observation provides a basis for a comparative study of surface electronic structures with different subsurface layer configuration, which is a vital test of our understanding of STM. RP RONG, ZY (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT PHYS,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. RI Kuiper, Pieter/A-6806-2012; OI Kuiper, Pieter/0000-0002-2551-8709 NR 25 TC 131 Z9 131 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 48 IS 23 BP 17427 EP 17431 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.48.17427 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA MN530 UT WOS:A1993MN53000068 ER PT J AU FULLERTON, EE PEARSON, J SOWERS, CH BADER, SD WU, XZ SINHA, SK AF FULLERTON, EE PEARSON, J SOWERS, CH BADER, SD WU, XZ SINHA, SK TI INTERFACIAL ROUGHNESS OF SPUTTERED MULTILAYERS - NB/SI SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY MIRRORS; MO-SI MULTILAYERS; FE/CR SUPERLATTICES; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; COLUMNAR GROWTH; KINETIC GROWTH; THIN-FILMS; MAGNETORESISTANCE; SILICON; REFLECTIVITY AB We have carried out studies of the interfacial roughness of a number of Nb/a-Si multilayers using cross-section transmission electron microscopy, wide-angle x-ray diffraction, and low-angle x-ray reflectivity and diffuse scattering. The multilayers studied were grown by sputtering in an Ar atmosphere at various pressures. The effect of the layer thickness and of the number of layers has also been studied. We observed a clear transition in the growth morphology when the sputtering pressure is raised above the thermalization pressure (almost-equal-to 9 mTorr) of the sputtered atoms. Both the mosaic of the Nb crystallites and the interface roughness increase dramatically when the Ar pressure exceeds 9 mTorr. The roughness of the various interfaces is strongly conformal and the samples with large roughness show a roughness that increases with deposited layer number. We discuss the quantitative extraction of these parameters from the x-ray data and the implications of these results for the physics of the deposition process. C1 EXXON RES & ENGN CO,ANNANDALE,NJ 08801. RP FULLERTON, EE (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. RI Bader, Samuel/A-2995-2013; Fullerton, Eric/H-8445-2013 OI Fullerton, Eric/0000-0002-4725-9509 NR 63 TC 122 Z9 125 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 48 IS 23 BP 17432 EP 17444 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.48.17432 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA MN530 UT WOS:A1993MN53000069 ER PT J AU ADLER, DL COLLINS, IR LIANG, X MURRAY, SJ LEATHERMAN, GS TSUEI, KD CHABAN, EE CHANDAVARKAR, S MCGRATH, R DIEHL, RD CITRIN, PH AF ADLER, DL COLLINS, IR LIANG, X MURRAY, SJ LEATHERMAN, GS TSUEI, KD CHABAN, EE CHANDAVARKAR, S MCGRATH, R DIEHL, RD CITRIN, PH TI TOP-SITE ADSORPTION FOR K ON CU(111) AND NI(111) SURFACES SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ENERGY ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; C(2X2) SODIUM OVERLAYER; POTASSIUM; NA; AL(111); SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSITION; VIBRATIONS; GEOMETRY AB Surface-extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure (SEXAFS) measurements have been obtained from p (2 X 2) overlayers of K on Ni(111) and Cu(111) surfaces. The data show that at 65-70 K, potassium occupies the atop site on both substrates, with chemisorption bond lengths of 2.92+/-0.02 angstrom on Ni and 3.05+/-0.02 angstrom on Cu. The identical adsorption site and small change in bond length, only slightly larger than that predicted from the difference in Cu and Ni lattice constants, are consistent with the expected dominance of adatom-adatom interactions in these near-saturation metallic adlayers. The inability to obtain SEXAFS data from K at lower coverages on these surfaces and at these temperatures, indicative of disorder/multisite occupation, is further evidence of a relatively weak alkali-metal substrate interaction even in the dilute-adatom, nonmetallic-overlayer regime. C1 AT&T BELL LABS,MURRAY HILL,NJ 07974. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,UNIV PK,PA 16802. UNIV LIVERPOOL,INTERDISCIPLINARY RES CTR SURFACE SCI,LIVERPOOL L69 3BX,ENGLAND. UNIV LIVERPOOL,DEPT PHYS,LIVERPOOL L69 3BX,ENGLAND. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT PHYS,UPTON,NY 11973. FOM,INST ATOM & MOLEC PHYS,1098 SJ AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. RI McGrath, Ronan/A-1568-2009 OI McGrath, Ronan/0000-0002-9880-5741 NR 31 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 48 IS 23 BP 17445 EP 17451 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.48.17445 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA MN530 UT WOS:A1993MN53000070 ER PT J AU XIAO, XD XIE, YL SHEN, YR AF XIAO, XD XIE, YL SHEN, YR TI COVERAGE DEPENDENCE OF ANISOTROPIC SURFACE-DIFFUSION - CO/NI(110) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ADSORBATE-ADSORBATE INTERACTIONS; RAY-PHOTOELECTRON DIFFRACTION; CARBON-MONOXIDE CHEMISORPTION; INDUCED THERMAL-DESORPTION; STEPPED TUNGSTEN SURFACES; TILTED CO; HYDROGEN; NI(110); DEUTERIUM; ADSORPTION AB Anisotropic surface diffusion of CO on Ni(110) and its coverage dependence have been measured using the method of linear optical diffraction from monolayer gratings. No coverage dependence below 0.7 ML was observed. Above 0.7 ML, the short-range CO-CO interaction due to orbital overlap seems responsible for the observed reduction of the diffusion activation energy with CO coverage. The corresponding interaction energy is estimated to be 0.077 eV from the result. Anisotropy in the surface diffusion is not significantly affected by the CO-CO interaction. RP XIAO, XD (reprint author), LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DEPT PHYS,DIV MAT SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 51 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 48 IS 23 BP 17452 EP 17462 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.48.17452 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA MN530 UT WOS:A1993MN53000071 ER PT J AU DAVIDS, PS WANG, L SAXENA, A BISHOP, AR AF DAVIDS, PS WANG, L SAXENA, A BISHOP, AR TI MAGNETIC-ORDERING TRANSITION OF ELECTRONS ON MESOSCOPIC TUBES SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CARBON AB We find a paramagnetic to diamagnetic ordering transition of a two-dimensional electron gas on a mesoscopic tube in a magnetic field as the tube radius is varied. Spin effects (Pauli paramagnetism) are explicitly considered. The dependence of magnetization on temperature is calculated. A relationship between the periodicity of the magnetization and the de Haas-van Alphen oscillations is presented. These results are directly pertinent to the recently synthesized helical microtubules of graphite. RP LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, DIV THEORET, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. RI Davids, Paul/D-1550-2010 NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 48 IS 23 BP 17545 EP 17550 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.48.17545 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA MN530 UT WOS:A1993MN53000082 ER PT J AU SINHA, K MASCARENHAS, A HORNER, GS ALONSO, RG BERTNESS, KA OLSON, JM AF SINHA, K MASCARENHAS, A HORNER, GS ALONSO, RG BERTNESS, KA OLSON, JM TI RESONANCE RAMAN-STUDY OF SPONTANEOUS ORDERING IN GAINP2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Note ID SEMICONDUCTOR ALLOYS; LO PHONONS; SCATTERING; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; ALXGA1-XAS AB Raman and resonance Raman spectroscopic techniques have been utilized to study the phenomenon of spontaneous ordering in epitaxial Ga0.52In0.48P grown on (001) GaAs substrates at different temperatures. Raman selection rules suggest larger deviations from cubic zinc-blende symmetry for samples exhibiting a greater degree of ordering. Raman excitation profiles show a redshift and broadening of the resonance peak as the samples become more ordered. In addition, the anisotropy of the absorption coefficients along the [110] and [110BAR] crystallographic directions in the rhombohedral phase of the ordered material enables us to estimate the crystal-field splitting. Our results support the recently proposed microstructural model for ordering in these alloys. RP SINHA, K (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 48 IS 23 BP 17591 EP 17594 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.48.17591 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA MN530 UT WOS:A1993MN53000092 ER PT J AU JIA, H SHINAR, J LANG, DP PRUSKI, M AF JIA, H SHINAR, J LANG, DP PRUSKI, M TI NATURE OF THE NATIVE-DEFECT ESR AND HYDROGEN-DANGLING-BOND CENTERS IN THIN DIAMOND FILMS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Note ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; CHEMICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION; POLYCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; INFRARED-ABSORPTION AB The X-band ESR of thin diamond films deposited from a mixture of 99.5% H-2 and 0.5% CH4 is compared to those of films similarly prepared from D2-CD4 and H-2-(CH4)-C-13 mixtures. The main line and the satellites at +/-7.2 G are unaffected by annealing at T less-than-or-equal-to 1100-degrees-C, but their intensity is reduced upon an nealing at approximately 1500-degrees-C. Since the satellites are absent from the deuterated films, they are attributed to newly identified dangling-bond H centers, possibly on internal surfaces, but more plausibly embedded in the bulk. This is consistent with the C-13 relaxation rate, which indicates a uniform distribution of paramagnetic centers. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM,AMES,IA 50011. RP JIA, H (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 22 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 48 IS 23 BP 17595 EP 17598 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.48.17595 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA MN530 UT WOS:A1993MN53000093 ER PT J AU CORKILL, JL COHEN, ML AF CORKILL, JL COHEN, ML TI CALCULATED QUASI-PARTICLE BAND-GAP OF BETA-C3N4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Note ID EXCHANGE-CORRELATION POTENTIALS; SELF-ENERGY OPERATORS; SEMICONDUCTORS; ELECTRON; INSULATORS; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; SOLIDS AB The quasiparticle electronic band structure of C3N4 carbon nitride in the beta-Si3N4 structure is calculated using the GW approximation. The indirect band gap is predicted to be 6.4+/-0.5 eV and the minimum direct gap is found to be at GAMMA with a value of 6.75 eV. A plane-wave local-density-approximation band structure is also presented. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, DEPT PHYS, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, DIV MAT SCI, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. NR 31 TC 108 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 48 IS 23 BP 17622 EP 17624 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.48.17622 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA MN530 UT WOS:A1993MN53000100 ER PT J AU GRUBEL, G HUANG, KG GIBBS, D ZEHNER, DM SANDY, AR MOCHRIE, SGJ AF GRUBEL, G HUANG, KG GIBBS, D ZEHNER, DM SANDY, AR MOCHRIE, SGJ TI RECONSTRUCTION OF THE PT(111) SURFACE - X-RAY-SCATTERING MEASUREMENTS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID COMMENSURATE-INCOMMENSURATE TRANSITION; BROMINE-INTERCALATED GRAPHITE; SOLID KRYPTON MONOLAYERS; AU(001) SURFACE; AU(111) SURFACE; ORIENTATIONAL EPITAXY; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; STRESS TENSOR; 2 DIMENSIONS; POTTS-MODEL AB The structure and phase behavior of the clean Pt(lll) surface has been studied between 300 K and 0.92T(m) via x-ray scattering. The surface is unreconstructed at low temperatures (T<0.65T(m)). For temperatures greater than T-c=0.65T(m), we find that the top layer undergoes a continuous commensurate-incommensurate transformation into a translationally and orientationally disordered discommensuration-fluid phase, which is isotropically compressed relative to the bulk(lll) planes. A disordered arrangement of discommensurations separates regions of ideal face-centered-cubic ABC stacking from regions of faulted ABA stacking. As the temperature is increased, the compression of the surface layer increases and the incommensurability (delta) follows a power-law versus reduced temperature with an exponent equal to 1/3. For temperatures increasing above 0.75T(m), sixfold orientational ordering of the discommensurations develops and increases. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT PHYS,UPTON,NY 11970. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV SOLID STATE,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. MIT,DEPT PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. NR 54 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 48 IS 24 BP 18119 EP 18139 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.48.18119 PG 21 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA MQ165 UT WOS:A1993MQ16500055 ER PT J AU RUBIO, A SERRA, L AF RUBIO, A SERRA, L TI DIELECTRIC SCREENING EFFECTS ON THE PHOTOABSORPTION CROSS-SECTION OF EMBEDDED METALLIC CLUSTERS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL FORMALISM; SURFACE-PLASMON ENERGY; AG SINGLE-CRYSTALS; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; PARTICLES; DISPERSION; POLARIZABILITY; EXCITATIONS; RESONANCES; EXCHANGE AB The surface plasmon resonance of alkali-metal (potassium) and noble-metal (silver) clusters embedded in different dielectric matrices is studied within the time-dependent density-functional formalism and the jellium model, including dielectric screening for the electron-electron interaction. The calculated redshift of the plasma frequency as the dielectric constant (epsilon) of the matrix increases is in good agreement with the available experimental data for both potassium and silver clusters. In the case of potassium, the shifts induced by rare-gas matrices are predicted. A tendency to saturation in the polarizability and surface plasmon resonance when epsilon increases is obtained and is due to the screening of the Coulomb interaction by the dielectric surrounding the cluster. We conclude that the basic effect of the dielectric matrix comes from the direct screening of the electron-electron interaction and not from the modification of the cluster ground state. C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, DIV MAT SCI, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. UNIV MILAN, DIPARTIMENTO FIS, I-20133 MILAN, ITALY. RP UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, DEPT PHYS, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. RI Serra, Llorens/D-9250-2011; Rubio, Angel/A-5507-2008 OI Serra, Llorens/0000-0001-8496-7873; Rubio, Angel/0000-0003-2060-3151 NR 41 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 48 IS 24 BP 18222 EP 18229 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.48.18222 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA MQ165 UT WOS:A1993MQ16500065 ER PT J AU ROSE, JH SHORE, HB AF ROSE, JH SHORE, HB TI UNIFORM ELECTRON-GAS FOR TRANSITION-METALS - INPUT PARAMETERS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Note ID IDEAL METALS AB Input parameters are reported for the theory of ideal metals, a uniform electron-gas model of the elemental transition metals. These input parameters, the electron density, and the ''bonding valence,'' have been given previously for the 3d and 4d series of transition metals. Here, we extend our work based on recent calculations of Sigalas er al. [Phys. Rev. B 45, 5777 (1992)] to include the 5d series. We have also calculated the cohesive energies of the 5d transition metals using the theory of ideal metals with these parameters. The calculations agree with experiment to within +/-25%. C1 SAN DIEGO STATE UNIV, DEPT PHYS, SAN DIEGO, CA 92182 USA. RP IOWA STATE UNIV, AMES LAB, AMES, IA 50011 USA. NR 9 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 48 IS 24 BP 18254 EP 18256 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.48.18254 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA MQ165 UT WOS:A1993MQ16500071 ER PT J AU CHAKARIAN, V DURBIN, TD VAREKAMP, PR YARMOFF, JA AF CHAKARIAN, V DURBIN, TD VAREKAMP, PR YARMOFF, JA TI FORMATION OF SURFACE F-CENTERS ON CAF2/SI(111) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Note ID PHOTON-STIMULATED DESORPTION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CALCIUM-FLUORIDE; INTERFACE; ENERGY; IRRADIATION; EPITAXY; RESISTS AB The electronic transitions responsible for the formation of F centers at the surfaces of epitaxial CaF2 films on Si(111) have been identified via photon-stimulated desorption spectroscopy. Results for films ranging from submonolayer to bulk CaF2 indicate that excitations of the Ca 3p core level result in F+ desorption, and hence, in F-center formation, while excitations of the F 2s do not. It is proposed that this difference is due to inward nuclear motion that occurs prior to the deexcitation of the core hole. C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV MAT SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP CHAKARIAN, V (reprint author), UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT PHYS,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521, USA. NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 48 IS 24 BP 18332 EP 18335 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.48.18332 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA MQ165 UT WOS:A1993MQ16500091 ER PT J AU RESSELL, MT AUFDERHEIDE, MB BLOOM, SD GRIEST, K MATHEWS, GJ RESLER, DA AF RESSELL, MT AUFDERHEIDE, MB BLOOM, SD GRIEST, K MATHEWS, GJ RESLER, DA TI NUCLEAR SHELL-MODEL CALCULATIONS OF NEUTRALINO-NUCLEUS CROSS-SECTIONS FOR SI-29 AND GE-73 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID INTERACTING MASSIVE PARTICLES; SUPERSYMMETRIC DARK MATTER; 25 MK; SCATTERING; SPIN; CRYSTAL; PROTON; CANDIDATES; IONIZATION; GERMANIUM AB We present the results of detailed nuclear shell model calculations of the spin-dependent elastic cross section for neutralinos scattering from Si-29 and Ge-73. The calculations were performed in large model spaces which adequately describe the configuration mixing in these two nuclei. As tests of the computed nuclear wave functions we have calculated several nuclear observables and compared them with the measured values and found good agreement. In the limit of zero momentum transfer we find scattering matrix elements in agreement with previous estimates for Si-29 but significantly different than previous work for Ge-73. A modest quenching, in accord with shell model studies of other heavy nuclei, has been included to bring agreement between the measured and calculated values of the magnetic moment for Ge-73. Even with this quenching, the calculated scattering rate is roughly a factor of 2 higher than the best previous estimates; without quenching, the rate is a factor of 4 higher. This implies a higher sensitivity for germanium dark matter detectors. We also investigate the role of finite momentum transfer upon the scattering;response for both nuclei and find that this can significantly change the expected rates. We close with a brief discussion of the effects of some of the non-nuclear uncertainties upon the matrix elements. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,INST GEOPHYS & PLANETARY PHYS,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT PHYS,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,PHYS SCI DIRECTORATE,DIV N,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. RP RESSELL, MT (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,PHYS SCI DIRECTORATE,DIV P,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 53 TC 110 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 48 IS 12 BP 5519 EP 5535 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.48.5519 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA MP573 UT WOS:A1993MP57300010 ER PT J AU TURNER, MS AF TURNER, MS TI RECOVERING THE INFLATIONARY POTENTIAL SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; FLUCTUATION SPECTRA; EXTENDED INFLATION; COBE; ANISOTROPY; SCENARIO; MODELS AB A procedure is developed for the recovery of the inflationary potential over the interval that affects astrophysical scales (approximate to 1 Mpc to 10(4) Mpc). The amplitudes of the scalar and tenser metric perturbations and their power-spectrum indices, which in principle can be inferred from large-angle CBR anisotropy and other cosmological data, determine the value of the inflationary potential and its first two derivatives. From these, the inflationary potential can be reconstructed in a Taylor series and the consistency of the inflationary hypothesis tested. Examples are presented, and the effect of observational uncertainties is discussed. C1 UNIV CHICAGO,ENRICO FERMI INST,DEPT ASTRON & ASTROPHYS,CHICAGO,IL 60637. NASA,FERMILAB ASTROPHYS CTR,FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,BATAVIA,IL 60510. RP TURNER, MS (reprint author), UNIV CHICAGO,ENRICO FERMI INST,DEPT PHYS,CHICAGO,IL 60637, USA. NR 37 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 48 IS 12 BP 5539 EP 5545 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.48.5539 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA MP573 UT WOS:A1993MP57300012 ER PT J AU PETEANU, LA SCHOENLEIN, RW WANG, Q MATHIES, RA SHANK, CV AF PETEANU, LA SCHOENLEIN, RW WANG, Q MATHIES, RA SHANK, CV TI THE 1ST STEP IN VISION OCCURS IN FEMTOSECONDS - COMPLETE BLUE AND RED SPECTRAL STUDIES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE RHODOPSIN; PRIMARY PHOTOPRODUCT; CIS-TRANS ISOMERIZATION; PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTION DYNAMICS; FEMTOSECOND DYNAMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY ID RESONANCE RAMAN-SPECTRA; RETINAL CHROMOPHORE; RHODOPSIN; BATHORHODOPSIN; ISOMERIZATION; RELAXATION; DYNAMICS; PHOTOISOMERIZATION; BACTERIORHODOPSIN; SPECTROSCOPY AB Femtosecond transient absorption measurements of the cis-trans isomerization of the visual pigment rhodopsin clarify the interpretation of the dynamics of the first step in vision. We present femtosecond time-resolved spectra as well as kinetic measurements at specific wavelengths between 490 and 670 nm using 10-fs probe pulses centered at 500 and 620 nm following a 35-fs pump pulse at 500 nm. The expanded spectral window beyond that available (500-570 nm) in our previous study [Schoenlein, R. W., Peteanu, L. A., Mathies, R. A. & Shank, C. V. (1991) Science 254, 412-415] provides the full differential absorption spectrum of the photoproduct as a function of delay time after photolysis. The high time-resolution data presented here contradict an alternative interpretation of the rhodopsin photochemistry offered by Callender and co-workers [Yan, M., Manor, D., Weng, G., Chao, H., Rothberg, L., Jedju, T. M., Alfano, R. R. & Callender, R. H. (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 9809-9812]. Our results confirm that the red-shifted (lambda(max) almost-equal-to 570 nm) photoproduct of the isomerization reaction is fully formed within 200 fs. Subsequent changes in the differential spectra between 200 fs and 6 ps are attributed to a combination of dynamic ground-state processes such as intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution, vibrational cooling, and conformational relaxation. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT CHEM,BERKELEY,CA 94720. LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RI Schoenlein, Robert/D-1301-2014 OI Schoenlein, Robert/0000-0002-6066-7566 FU NEI NIH HHS [EY02051, T32 EY07043] NR 29 TC 148 Z9 155 U1 4 U2 24 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 90 IS 24 BP 11762 EP 11766 DI 10.1073/pnas.90.24.11762 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA MM515 UT WOS:A1993MM51500067 PM 8265623 ER PT J AU DEWEY, SL SMITH, GS LOGAN, J BRODIE, JD SIMKOWITZ, P MACGREGOR, RR FOWLER, JS VOLKOW, ND WOLF, AP AF DEWEY, SL SMITH, GS LOGAN, J BRODIE, JD SIMKOWITZ, P MACGREGOR, RR FOWLER, JS VOLKOW, ND WOLF, AP TI EFFECTS OF CENTRAL CHOLINERGIC BLOCKADE ON STRIATAL DOPAMINE RELEASE MEASURED WITH POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY IN NORMAL HUMAN-SUBJECTS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ENDOGENOUS DOPAMINE; BABOON BRAIN; H-3 RACLOPRIDE; FRONTAL-CORTEX; BASAL GANGLIA; PET; BINDING; RAT; SCOPOLAMINE; SCHIZOPHRENIA AB Previously we demonstrated that positron emission tomography (PET) can be used to measure changes in the concentrations of synaptic dopamine and acetylcholine. Whether induced directly or indirectly through interactions with other neurotransmitters, these studies support the use of PET for investigating the functional responsiveness of a specific neurotransmitter to a pharmacologic challenge. In an extension of these findings to the human brain, PET studies designed to measure the responsiveness of striatal dopamine release to central cholinergic blockade were conducted in normal male volunteers using high-resolution PET and [C-11]raclopride, a D2-dopamine receptor antagonist. [C-11]Raclopride scans were performed prior to and 30 min after systemic administration of the potent muscarinic cholinergic antagonist, scopolamine (0.007 mg/kg). After scopolamine administration, [C-11]raclopride binding decreased in the striatum (specific binding) but not in the cerebellum (nonspecific binding) resulting in a significant decrease, exceeding the test/retest variability of this ligand (5%), in the ratio of the distribution volumes of the striatum to the cerebellum (17%). Furthermore, scopolamine administration did not alter the systemic rate of [C-11]raclopride metabolism or the metabolite-corrected plasma input function. These results are consistent not only with the known inhibitory influence that acetylcholine exerts on striatal dopamine release but also with our initial F-18-labeled N-methylspiroperidol and benztropine studies. Thus these data support the use of PET for measuring the functional responsiveness of an endogenous neurotransmitter to an indirect pharmacologic challenge in the living human brain. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT MED,UPTON,NY 11973. NYU,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,NEW YORK,NY 10016. RP DEWEY, SL (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH49165]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS15638, NS15380] NR 53 TC 111 Z9 111 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 90 IS 24 BP 11816 EP 11820 DI 10.1073/pnas.90.24.11816 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA MM515 UT WOS:A1993MM51500078 PM 8265632 ER PT J AU HENAGER, CH BRIMHALL, JL AF HENAGER, CH BRIMHALL, JL TI SOLID-STATE DISPLACEMENT REACTION SYNTHESIS OF INTERPENETRATING-PHASE NI-AL/AL2O3 COMPOSITES SO SCRIPTA METALLURGICA ET MATERIALIA LA English DT Article RP HENAGER, CH (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. OI Henager, Chuck/0000-0002-8600-6803 NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0956-716X J9 SCRIPTA METALL MATER JI Scr. Metall. Materialia PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 29 IS 12 BP 1597 EP 1602 DI 10.1016/0956-716X(93)90284-Y PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA MC956 UT WOS:A1993MC95600014 ER PT J AU JAYARAMAN, S OLIVER, W HAHN, GT BASTIAS, P RUBIN, C AF JAYARAMAN, S OLIVER, W HAHN, GT BASTIAS, P RUBIN, C TI MEASUREMENT OF THE CYCLIC PLASTIC STRENGTH OF HARD MATERIALS WITH ULTRA-LOW-LOAD INDENTATION TESTS SO SCRIPTA METALLURGICA ET MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID FINITE-ELEMENT ANALYSIS C1 ORNL,DIV MET & CERAM,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP JAYARAMAN, S (reprint author), VANDERBILT UNIV,CTR MAT TRIBOL,POB 1593,STN B,NASHVILLE,TN 37235, USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0956-716X J9 SCRIPTA METALL MATER JI Scr. Metall. Materialia PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 29 IS 12 BP 1609 EP 1613 DI 10.1016/0956-716X(93)90286-2 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA MC956 UT WOS:A1993MC95600016 ER PT J AU JAYARAMAN, S OLIVER, W HAHN, G BASTIAS, P RUBIN, C AF JAYARAMAN, S OLIVER, W HAHN, G BASTIAS, P RUBIN, C TI INTERPRETATION OF MONOTONIC, ULTRA-LOW-LOAD INDENTATION TESTS OF HARD MATERIALS SO SCRIPTA METALLURGICA ET MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID FINITE-ELEMENT ANALYSIS C1 ORNL,DIV MET & CERAM,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP JAYARAMAN, S (reprint author), VANDERBILT UNIV,CTR MAT TRIBOL,POB 1593,STN B,NASHVILLE,TN 37235, USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0956-716X J9 SCRIPTA METALL MATER JI Scr. Metall. Materialia PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 29 IS 12 BP 1615 EP 1620 DI 10.1016/0956-716X(93)90287-3 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA MC956 UT WOS:A1993MC95600017 ER PT J AU MARGEVICIUS, RW LEWANDOWSKI, JJ AF MARGEVICIUS, RW LEWANDOWSKI, JJ TI DEFORMATION TEXTURE OF HYDROSTATICALLY EXTRUDED POLYCRYSTALLINE NIAL SO SCRIPTA METALLURGICA ET MATERIALIA LA English DT Article C1 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. RP MARGEVICIUS, RW (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0956-716X J9 SCRIPTA METALL MATER JI Scr. Metall. Materialia PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 29 IS 12 BP 1651 EP 1654 DI 10.1016/0956-716X(93)90293-2 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA MC956 UT WOS:A1993MC95600023 ER PT J AU LAMPERT, CM AF LAMPERT, CM TI OPTICAL SWITCHING TECHNOLOGY FOR GLAZINGS SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROCHROMIC MATERIALS; LIQUID-CRYSTAL; SMART WINDOWS; NICKEL-OXIDE; COATINGS; DEVICES; FILMS AB The technology of optical switching devices for dynamic glazings and other applications is discussed. The status of the state of the industry and its developments is detailed. The technical emphasis will be on the properties of chromogenic materials covering electrochromic, phase-dispersed liquid crystals and dispersed-particle systems. Such technologies can be used for dynamic control of solar energy through building and vehicle glazings. Both visible and solar control can be obtained from these devices. Switching ranges can be from as high as 80% to 5-10% transmittance in the visible region. The energy and daylighting benefits of such glazings are discussed. Also, chromogenic glazings can be used for other product applications such as the modulation of reflector surfaces and large electronic information display systems. The science of selected electrochromic devices is covered. Technical issues concerning large-scale chromogenic devices are discussed. RP LAMPERT, CM (reprint author), LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, DIV ENERGY & ENVIRONM, 1 CYCLOTRON RD, MS 62-203, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. NR 53 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 236 IS 1-2 BP 6 EP 13 DI 10.1016/0040-6090(93)90633-Z PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA MM810 UT WOS:A1993MM81000002 ER PT J AU EXARHOS, GJ HESS, NJ AF EXARHOS, GJ HESS, NJ TI DEPOSITION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MULTICOMPONENT OXIDE-FILMS AND MULTILAYERS FROM AQUEOUS-SOLUTION SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY APR 19-23, 1993 CL SAN DIEGO, CA ID COMBUSTION SYNTHESIS AB Uniform films of rare-earth-doped zirconia and yttrium aluminum garnet have been deposited from aqueous solutions of stoichiometric mixtures of the precursor metal nitrates to which an organic complexant such as the simple amino acid glycine has been added. The presence of glycine prevents precipitation by trapping metal cations and nitrate anions in the evolving glassy matrix as water evaporates during spin casting of films. Subsequent thermal processing above 200 degrees C generates the target oxide composition. High index films with a nanosize grain morphology result. The resident small crystalline grains aid in stabilizing a particular phase of the oxide. The presence of the Sm3+ dopant in the films facilitates phase identification through analysis of the fluorescence emission spectrum. This technique complements X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy measurements which are used routinely to identify crystalline phases and evaluate phase homogeneity in optical films. The fluorescence measurement technique is a rapid non-destructive approach for investigating the influence of processing variables on the resulting crystalline phase and phase stability during subsequent annealing. RP EXARHOS, GJ (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. OI Hess, Nancy/0000-0002-8930-9500 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 236 IS 1-2 BP 51 EP 57 DI 10.1016/0040-6090(93)90641-2 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA MM810 UT WOS:A1993MM81000010 ER PT J AU FALABELLA, S BOERCKER, DB SANDERS, DM AF FALABELLA, S BOERCKER, DB SANDERS, DM TI FABRICATION OF AMORPHOUS DIAMOND FILMS SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY APR 19-23, 1993 CL SAN DIEGO, CA ID ARC EVAPORATION; CARBON-FILMS; THIN-FILM; DEPOSITION; HARDNESS AB Amorphous diamond (a:D) is a hard, electrically insulating, inert and transparent form of carbon that has the sp(3) bond character of crystalline diamond, but lacks a long-range ordered structure. Using our filtered cathodic are system, we have produced a:D films at room temperature that demonstrate Vickers hardness above 8000 H-v, hydrogen content below 0.1%, density of 2.7 +/- 0.3 g cm(-3), and adhesion on tungsten carbide and silicon substrates above 70 MPa. The fine structure of a:D was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron diffraction. TEM showed no evidence of any ordered structure down to 1 nm. Unlike natural diamond or diamond-like carbon, a:D has a flat transmission spectrum from 0.8 to over 50 mu m, which is due to its amorphous nature and the lack of hydrogen. Also, we determined the index of refraction of our a:D to be 2.47-2.57. The thermal diffusivity of a:D has been measured and reported for the first time. We have lowered the intrinsic stress in the films by the use of bias and the inclusion of impurity atoms, and produced films up to 8 mu m thick on carbide tool bits. In addition, a molecular dynamics code has been used to model this material. RP FALABELLA, S (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 808,L-340,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 14 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 236 IS 1-2 BP 82 EP 86 DI 10.1016/0040-6090(93)90647-8 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA MM810 UT WOS:A1993MM81000016 ER PT J AU HANSEN, AP BRITT, RD KLEIN, MP BENDER, CJ BABCOCK, GT AF HANSEN, AP BRITT, RD KLEIN, MP BENDER, CJ BABCOCK, GT TI ENDOR AND ESEEM STUDIES OF CYTOCHROME-C-OXIDASE - EVIDENCE FOR EXCHANGEABLE PROTONS AT THE CU(A) SITE SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-SPIN-ECHO; ENVELOPE MODULATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; WATER-MOLECULES; HEME-A; OXYGEN; PUMP; HYDROGEN; REDUCTASE; RESONANCE AB Electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) and electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) spectroscopies were used to study whether protons in the immediate protein environment around CU(A) in cytochrome c oxidase are susceptible to solvent exchange. The enzyme was incubated in buffered D2O under resting or turnover conditions for 90 min and then frozen to quench the hydrogen/deuterium-exchange process. ENDOR spectra of the deuterated sample were essentially identical to those of control samples. The ESEEM spectra, however, provided a clear indication of the introduction of deuterium into the CU(A) environment following incubation in buffered D2O. The extent of deuterium incorporation was not affected by enzyme turnover. An analysis of the ESEEM data indicated that water is in reasonably close proximity to the CU(A) site, but not in the immediate coordination sphere of the metal(s). We estimate a minimum distance of 5.4 angstrom between the CU(A) center and the protein/water interface. This relatively short surface separation distance is consistent with the role of CU(A) as the immediate oxidant of cytochrome c in the cytochrome oxidase (Hill, B. C. (I 99 1) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 2219-2226). C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT CHEM,DAVIS,CA 95616. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,E LANSING,MI 48824. LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV STRUCT BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM37300, BMT 1 R29 GM48242-01, GM25480] NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD DEC 14 PY 1993 VL 32 IS 49 BP 13718 EP 13724 DI 10.1021/bi00212a042 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA MM035 UT WOS:A1993MM03500042 PM 8257706 ER PT J AU BERGE, PA BERRYMAN, JG BONNER, BP AF BERGE, PA BERRYMAN, JG BONNER, BP TI INFLUENCE OF MICROSTRUCTURE ON ROCK ELASTIC PROPERTIES SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPHERICAL INCLUSIONS; SCHEME; MODULI AB Depending on details of the composite microstructure, different theories may be needed to obtain good agreement with measured elastic properties. This observation is especially pertinent whenever the composite is porous, as is normally true for rocks. Predictions of three theories are compared to data for porous glass samples. The differential effective medium (DEM) theory and Hashin's composite spheres assemblage (H) do a good job of predicting elastic behavior of a porous foam composed of glass. The self-consistent (SC) effective medium theory does equally well at predicting behavior of a sintered glass-bead sample. The realizable microstructure of each theoretical model is a good analog of the microstructure for one or the other of these two very different porous glasses. Velocities of granular rocks such as sandstones may be estimated accurately using the SC theory, whereas velocities of rocks such as basalts having isolated cracks and pores may be better estimated using either the DEM theory or Hashin's model. RP BERGE, PA (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 808,L-202,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. RI Berryman, James/A-9712-2008 NR 20 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 14 PY 1993 VL 20 IS 23 BP 2619 EP 2622 DI 10.1029/93GL03131 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MP205 UT WOS:A1993MP20500011 ER PT J AU HAGEN, C REDDMANN, H AMBERGER, HD EDELMANN, FT PEGELOW, U SHALIMOFF, GV EDELSTEIN, NM AF HAGEN, C REDDMANN, H AMBERGER, HD EDELMANN, FT PEGELOW, U SHALIMOFF, GV EDELSTEIN, NM TI ELECTRON-STRUCTURE OF ORGANOMETAL COMPOUNDS OF THE F-ELEMENTS .34. IS THE N,N'-BIS(TRIMETHYLSILYL)BENZAMIDINATO LIGAND IN THE CASE OF LANTHANOID CENTRAL IONS AN ELECTRONIC EQUIVALENT TO THE ETA(5)-CYCLOPENTADIENYL LIGAND SO JOURNAL OF ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY LA German DT Article ID COMPLEXES; SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSITION; CHEMISTRY; PARAMETER; SPECTRUM; ADDUCTS AB Magnetic data and the results of low temperature absorption, luminescence and magnetic circular dichroism spectra of 4-methoxy-substituted lanthanide(III)tris[N,N'-bis(trimethylsily)benzamidinates [(MeOBA)(3)Ln; Ln = Eu (I), Pr (2)], and of adducts derived from tris(eta(5)-cyclopentadienyl)-europium(III) [Cp(3)EuX; X = CNC6H11 (3), THF (4)] are reported. In case of 1, 3 and 4 the Eu-151 Mossbauer spectra also were recorded. On the basis of the optical measurements the truncated crystal field (CF) splitting patterns of 1 and 2 were derived. The parameters of an empirical Hamiltonian were fitted to the experimentally derived splitting patterns. The parameters obtained suggest that the BA ligand may be considered to a certain extent as an electronic equivalent to the Cp ligand in case of Ln central ions with small electron affinity. In case of central ions with higher oxidation power such as Eu3+, the BA ligand behaves in a conventional manner. The Cp ligand, however, causes unusual physical properties which cannot be explained on the basis of an Eu3+ central ion which is surrounded by three Cp ligands. C1 UNIV HAMBURG,INST ANORGAN ANGEW CHEM,D-20146 HAMBURG,GERMANY. UNIV GOTTINGEN,INST ANORGAN CHEM,D-37077 GOTTINGEN,GERMANY. WESTFAL WILHELMS UNIV,INST PHYSIKAL CHEM,D-48149 MUNSTER,GERMANY. LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV MAT CHEM SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 45 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-328X J9 J ORGANOMET CHEM JI J. Organomet. Chem. PD DEC 14 PY 1993 VL 462 IS 1-2 BP 69 EP 78 DI 10.1016/0022-328X(93)83342-S PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA MM535 UT WOS:A1993MM53500010 ER PT J AU STULTS, SD ANDERSEN, RA ZALKIN, A AF STULTS, SD ANDERSEN, RA ZALKIN, A TI PREPARATION OF (ME(3)CC(5)H(4))(4)M(2)(MU-ME)(2)(M=CE OR U) AND THE CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE OF THE CERIUM DERIVATIVE SO JOURNAL OF ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID METAL PI-COMPLEXES; ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; ARYL COMPOUNDS; ALKALI-METAL; ALKYL; LANTHANIDES; POLYMERIZATION; DIFFRACTION; YTTERBIUM AB The bridging methyl compound, (Me(3)CC(5)H(4))(4)Ce-2(mu-Me)(2), has been prepared from (Me(3)CC(5)H(4))Ce or (Me(3)CC(5)H(4))(4)Ce-2(mu-SCHMe(2))(2) and MeLi in hydrocarbon solvents. The solid state X-ray structure of the cerium methyl shows that the methyl groups bridge the two (Me(3)CC(5)H(4))(2)Ce units in a symmetrical fashion in such a way that the geometry at cerium is four coordinate and pseudo-tetrahedral. The Ce-C(mu-Me) distance is 2.665(6) Angstrom and the Ce-C(mu-Me)-Ce angle is 89.9(3)degrees. All the hydrogen atoms were located and refined isotropically; C-H (ave.)= 0.85 Angstrom and H-C-H (ave.)= 108 degrees for the bridging methyl group. The geometry of the bridging methyl group in (Me(3)CC(5)H(4))(4)Ce-2(mu-Me)(2) is similar to that in Me(4)Al(2)(mu-Me)(2). The uranium methyl was obtained from the reaction of (Me(3)CC(5)H(4))(3)U with MeLi. The cerium and uranium methyls are unstable in the gas phase and in benzene solution, since they rearrange to give (Me(3)CC(5)H(4))(3)M (M = Ce or U) and other materials. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, DEPT CHEM, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, DIV CHEM SCI, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. NR 50 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-328X EI 1872-8561 J9 J ORGANOMET CHEM JI J. Organomet. Chem. PD DEC 14 PY 1993 VL 462 IS 1-2 BP 175 EP 182 DI 10.1016/0022-328X(93)83355-Y PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA MM535 UT WOS:A1993MM53500023 ER PT J AU GREENBERG, KE HEBNER, GA AF GREENBERG, KE HEBNER, GA TI ELECTRIC-FIELD MEASUREMENTS IN 13.56 MHZ HELIUM DISCHARGES SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RYDBERG STATES; ATOMS AB Laser excitation of helium singlet Rydberg states results in fluorescence emanating from many other states including those in the triplet system. By monitoring this fluorescence, it is possible to observe the Stark broadening of the Rydberg states in the presence of an electric field. This technique can be used to measure electric fields in 13.56 MHz parallel-plate discharges with a high degree of spatial and temporal resolution. RP GREENBERG, KE (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 16 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 13 PY 1993 VL 63 IS 24 BP 3282 EP 3284 DI 10.1063/1.110175 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA MN375 UT WOS:A1993MN37500011 ER PT J AU PRUSSEIT, W BOATNER, LA RYTZ, D AF PRUSSEIT, W BOATNER, LA RYTZ, D TI EPITAXIAL YBA2CU3O7 GROWTH ON KTAO3 (001) SINGLE-CRYSTALS SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; X-RAY; KTA1-XNBXO3 AB Epitaxial films of YBa2Cu3O7 have been grown on KTaO3 (100) single-crystal substrates by means of reactive thermal coevaporation at temperatures between 560 and 750-degrees-C. The orientation of the YBa2Cu3O7 crystallographic c axis in these films was perpendicular to the substrate surface throughout the complete range of deposition temperatures even though the KTaO3 lattice constant represents a better match to the YBa2Cu3O7 c axis than to the a and b axes. Since the nucleation and growth of YBa2Cu3O7 films are known to be relatively sensitive to the formation of a-axis-oriented grains at imperfections on the substrate material, an investigation of the influence of the substrate surface finish on the film properties was carried out. Using substrates with appropriately prepared surfaces, YBa2Cu3O7 films exhibited a high degree of crystalline perfection, zero resistance at temperatures of 89 K and critical current densities up to 3 X 10(6) A/cm2. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV SOLID STATE,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP PRUSSEIT, W (reprint author), TECH UNIV MUNICH,DEPT PHYS E10,JAMES FRANCK STR 1,D-85747 GARCHING,GERMANY. RI Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013 OI Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594 NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 13 PY 1993 VL 63 IS 24 BP 3376 EP 3378 DI 10.1063/1.110150 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA MN375 UT WOS:A1993MN37500043 ER PT J AU ALHASSID, Y BUSH, BW AF ALHASSID, Y BUSH, BW TI NUCLEAR-LEVEL DENSITIES IN THE STATIC-PATH APPROXIMATION .2. SPIN DEPENDENCE SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article ID PARTITION-FUNCTION; SOLVABLE MODEL AB The static-path approximation (SPA) and mean-field approximation (MFA) for the partition function and level density are investigated with the inclusion of spin. The methods are studied within a solvable model, the nuclear SU(3) Elliot model. The SPA partition function is enhanced compared with the MFA partition function and is in good agreement with the exact result at all angular velocities (or spins) and at all but low temperatures. The error made in the SPA as well as in the saddle-point approximation used in the conversion from angular velocity to spin is only weakly dependent on the spin and is small at not too low temperatures (or excitation energies). C1 YALE UNIV,AW WRIGHT NUCL STRUCT LAB,NEW HAVEN,CT 06511. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP ALHASSID, Y (reprint author), YALE UNIV,CTR THEORET PHYS,SLOANE PHYS LAB,NEW HAVEN,CT 06511, USA. OI Bush, Brian/0000-0003-2864-7028 NR 18 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 13 PY 1993 VL 565 IS 2 BP 399 EP 426 DI 10.1016/0375-9474(93)90218-M PG 28 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA MN492 UT WOS:A1993MN49200001 ER PT J AU OHNISHI, A RANDRUP, J AF OHNISHI, A RANDRUP, J TI STATISTICAL PROPERTIES OF ANTISYMMETRIZED MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; MANY-BODY MODEL; ANTISYMMETRIZED VERSION; CLASSICAL SIMULATION; 2-NUCLEON COLLISIONS; SYSTEMS AB We study the statistical equilibrium properties of the recently developed anti-symmetrized molecular dynamics model for heavy-ion reactions. We consider A non-interacting fermions in one dimension, either bound in a common harmonic potential or moving freely within an interval, and perform a Metropolis sampling of the corresponding parameter space. Generally the average excitation and the specific heat, considered as functions of the imposed temperature, behave in a classical manner when the canonical weight is calculated in the mean-field approximation. However, it is possible to obtain results that are much closer to the quantal behavior by modifying the weight to take approximate account of the energy fluctuations within the individual wave packets. C1 OSAKA UNIV,NUCL PHYS RES CTR,IBARAKI,OSAKA 567,JAPAN. LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV NUCL SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RI Ohnishi, Akira/F-7403-2011 OI Ohnishi, Akira/0000-0003-1513-0468 NR 22 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 13 PY 1993 VL 565 IS 2 BP 474 EP 494 DI 10.1016/0375-9474(93)90222-J PG 21 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA MN492 UT WOS:A1993MN49200005 ER PT J AU ARISAKA, K AUERBACH, LB AXELROD, S BELZ, J BIERY, KA BUCHHOLZ, P CHAPMAN, MD COUSINS, RD DIWAN, MV ECKHAUSE, M GINKEL, JF GUSS, C HANCOCK, AD HEINSON, AP HIGHLAND, VL HOFFMANN, GW HORVATH, J IRWIN, GM JOYCE, D KAARSBERG, T KANE, JR KENNEY, CJ KETTELL, SH KINNISON, WW KNIBBE, P KONIGSBERG, J KUANG, Y LANG, K LEE, DM MARGULIES, J MATHIAZHAGAN, C MCFARLANE, WK MCKEE, RJ MELESE, P MILNER, EC MOLZON, WR OUIMETTE, DA RILEY, PJ RITCHIE, JL RUBIN, P SANDERS, GH SCHWARTZ, AJ SIVERTZ, M SLATER, WE URHEIM, J VULCAN, WF WAGNER, DL WELSH, RE WHYLEY, RJ WINTER, RG WITKOWSKI, MT WOJCICKI, SG YAMASHITA, A ZIOCK, HJ AF ARISAKA, K AUERBACH, LB AXELROD, S BELZ, J BIERY, KA BUCHHOLZ, P CHAPMAN, MD COUSINS, RD DIWAN, MV ECKHAUSE, M GINKEL, JF GUSS, C HANCOCK, AD HEINSON, AP HIGHLAND, VL HOFFMANN, GW HORVATH, J IRWIN, GM JOYCE, D KAARSBERG, T KANE, JR KENNEY, CJ KETTELL, SH KINNISON, WW KNIBBE, P KONIGSBERG, J KUANG, Y LANG, K LEE, DM MARGULIES, J MATHIAZHAGAN, C MCFARLANE, WK MCKEE, RJ MELESE, P MILNER, EC MOLZON, WR OUIMETTE, DA RILEY, PJ RITCHIE, JL RUBIN, P SANDERS, GH SCHWARTZ, AJ SIVERTZ, M SLATER, WE URHEIM, J VULCAN, WF WAGNER, DL WELSH, RE WHYLEY, RJ WINTER, RG WITKOWSKI, MT WOJCICKI, SG YAMASHITA, A ZIOCK, HJ TI IMPROVED SENSITIVITY IN A SEARCH FOR THE RARE DECAY K(L)(0)-]E+E- SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BRANCHING RATIO; FORM-FACTOR; KL->E+E-GAMMA AB In a search for the decay K(L)0 --> e+e-, no candidates have been observed. We determine the sensitivity from the detected number of CP-violating K(L)0 --> pi+pi- decays and place a 90% confidence level upper limit on the branching ratio of B(K(L)0 --> e+e-, \M(K) - M(ee)\; < 6 MeV/c2) less-than-or-equal-to 4.1 x 10(-11). This result is a significant improvement over previous measurements, although still above the standard model prediction of 3 x 10(-12). C1 TEMPLE UNIV,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19122. STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD,CA 94305. UNIV CALIF IRVINE,IRVINE,CA 92717. UNIV TEXAS,AUSTIN,TX 78712. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. COLL WILLIAM & MARY,WILLIAMSBURG,VA 23187. RP ARISAKA, K (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024, USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 13 PY 1993 VL 71 IS 24 BP 3910 EP 3913 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.3910 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA ML868 UT WOS:A1993ML86800005 ER PT J AU HARRIS, DA BRIERE, RA CHEU, E MAKOFF, G MCFARLAND, KS ROODMAN, A SCHWINGENHEUER, B SOMALWAR, SV WAH, YW WINSTEIN, B WINSTON, R ARISAKA, K ROBERTS, D SLATER, W WEAVER, M BARKER, AR SWALLOW, EC BOCK, GJ COLEMAN, R CRISLER, M ENAGONIO, J FORD, R HSIUNG, YB JENSEN, DA RAMBERG, E TSCHIRHART, R COLLINS, EM GOLLIN, GD NAKAYA, T YAMANAKA, T GU, P HAAS, P HOGAN, WP KIM, SK MATTHEWS, JN MYUNG, SS SCHNETZER, S THOMSON, GB ZOU, Y AF HARRIS, DA BRIERE, RA CHEU, E MAKOFF, G MCFARLAND, KS ROODMAN, A SCHWINGENHEUER, B SOMALWAR, SV WAH, YW WINSTEIN, B WINSTON, R ARISAKA, K ROBERTS, D SLATER, W WEAVER, M BARKER, AR SWALLOW, EC BOCK, GJ COLEMAN, R CRISLER, M ENAGONIO, J FORD, R HSIUNG, YB JENSEN, DA RAMBERG, E TSCHIRHART, R COLLINS, EM GOLLIN, GD NAKAYA, T YAMANAKA, T GU, P HAAS, P HOGAN, WP KIM, SK MATTHEWS, JN MYUNG, SS SCHNETZER, S THOMSON, GB ZOU, Y TI LIMIT ON THE BRANCHING RATIO OF K(L)-]PI(0)MU+MU- SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID KL->PI-0E+E; DECAYS AB We report the results of a search for the decay K(L) --> pi0mu+mu- conducted by E799 at Fermilab. This decay mode is expected to have significant CP-violating contributions and a direct measurement could either confirm the standard model mechanisms for CP violation or point to physics beyond the standard model. No such events were seen. The 90% confidence level upper limit is determined to be B(K(L) --> pi0mu+mu-) < 5.1 x 10(-9). C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. UNIV COLORADO,BOULDER,CO 80309. ELMHURST COLL,ELMHURST,IL 60126. FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,BATAVIA,IL 60510. UNIV ILLINOIS,URBANA,IL 61801. OSAKA UNIV,TOYONAKA,OSAKA 560,JAPAN. RUTGERS UNIV,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08855. RP HARRIS, DA (reprint author), UNIV CHICAGO,ENRICO FERMI INST,CHICAGO,IL 60637, USA. RI Briere, Roy/N-7819-2014; Kim, Sun Kee/G-2042-2015 OI Briere, Roy/0000-0001-5229-1039; Kim, Sun Kee/0000-0002-0013-0775 NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 13 PY 1993 VL 71 IS 24 BP 3914 EP 3917 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.3914 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA ML868 UT WOS:A1993ML86800006 ER PT J AU HARRIS, DA BRIERE, RA CHEU, E MAKOFF, G MCFARLAND, KS ROODMAN, A SCHWINGENHEUER, B SOMALWAR, SV WAH, YW WINSTEIN, B WINSTON, R ARISAKA, K ROBERTS, D SLATER, W WEAVER, M BARKER, AR SWALLOW, EC BOCK, GJ COLEMAN, R CRISLER, M ENAGONIO, J FORD, R HSIUNG, YB JENSEN, DA RAMBERG, E TSCHIRHART, R COLLINS, EM GOLLIN, GD NAKAYA, T YAMANAKA, T GU, P HAAS, P HOGAN, WP KIM, SK MATTHEWS, JN MYUNG, SS SCHNETZER, S THOMSON, GB ZOU, Y AF HARRIS, DA BRIERE, RA CHEU, E MAKOFF, G MCFARLAND, KS ROODMAN, A SCHWINGENHEUER, B SOMALWAR, SV WAH, YW WINSTEIN, B WINSTON, R ARISAKA, K ROBERTS, D SLATER, W WEAVER, M BARKER, AR SWALLOW, EC BOCK, GJ COLEMAN, R CRISLER, M ENAGONIO, J FORD, R HSIUNG, YB JENSEN, DA RAMBERG, E TSCHIRHART, R COLLINS, EM GOLLIN, GD NAKAYA, T YAMANAKA, T GU, P HAAS, P HOGAN, WP KIM, SK MATTHEWS, JN MYUNG, SS SCHNETZER, S THOMSON, GB ZOU, Y TI LIMIT ON THE BRANCHING RATIO OF K(L)-]PI(0)E+E- SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID KL->PI-0E+E AB We report the results of a search for the decay K(L) --> pi0e+e- conducted by E799 at Fermilab, The largest contribution to this decay mode is expected to be CP violating. Observations of this decay could either confirm the standard model mechanisms for CP violation or point to physics beyond the standard model. No such events were seen in our search. The 90% confidence level upper limit is determined to be B(K(L) --> pi0e+e-) < 4.3 x 10(-9). C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. UNIV COLORADO,BOULDER,CO 80309. ELMHURST COLL,ELMHURST,IL 60126. FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,BATAVIA,IL 60510. UNIV ILLINOIS,URBANA,IL 61801. OSAKA UNIV,DEPT PHYS,TOYONAKA,OSAKA 560,JAPAN. RUTGERS UNIV,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08855. RP HARRIS, DA (reprint author), UNIV CHICAGO,ENRICO FERMI INST,CHICAGO,IL 60637, USA. RI Briere, Roy/N-7819-2014; Kim, Sun Kee/G-2042-2015 OI Briere, Roy/0000-0001-5229-1039; Kim, Sun Kee/0000-0002-0013-0775 NR 11 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 13 PY 1993 VL 71 IS 24 BP 3918 EP 3921 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.3918 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA ML868 UT WOS:A1993ML86800007 ER PT J AU BALBES, MJ FARRELL, MM BOYD, RN GU, X HENCHECK, M KALEN, JD MITCHELL, CA KOLATA, JJ LAMKIN, K SMITH, R TIGHE, R ASHKTORAB, K BECCHETTI, FD BROWN, J ROBERTS, D WANG, TF HUMPHREYS, D VOURVOPOULOS, G ISLAM, MS AF BALBES, MJ FARRELL, MM BOYD, RN GU, X HENCHECK, M KALEN, JD MITCHELL, CA KOLATA, JJ LAMKIN, K SMITH, R TIGHE, R ASHKTORAB, K BECCHETTI, FD BROWN, J ROBERTS, D WANG, TF HUMPHREYS, D VOURVOPOULOS, G ISLAM, MS TI H-2 INDUCED REACTIONS ON LI-8 AND PRIMORDIAL NUCLEOSYNTHESIS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID UNIVERSE AB Cross sections for the Li-8(d,n)Be-9 (ground state) and Li-8(d,t)Li-7 reactions, both important to primordial nucleosynthesis in the inhomogeneous models, have been measured using a radioactive beam technique. The cross section for the former reaction is found to be small, so it is important only for synthesis of Be-9. The cross section for the latter reaction, however, is found to be large enough to destroy significant quantities of Li-8, and thus could affect predictions of primordial nucleosynthesis yields. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT ASTRON,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. UNIV NOTRE DAME,DEPT PHYS,NOTRE DAME,IN 46556. HOSP UNIV PENN,DEPT RADIOL,DIV NUCL MED,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT PHYS,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. BALL STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,MUNCIE,IN 47306. UNIV WESTERN KENTUCKY,DEPT PHYS,BOWLING GREEN,KY 42101. RP BALBES, MJ (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA. RI Brown, James/A-7373-2012 OI Brown, James/0000-0003-0548-8634 NR 27 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 13 PY 1993 VL 71 IS 24 BP 3931 EP 3934 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.3931 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA ML868 UT WOS:A1993ML86800010 ER PT J AU MORETTO, LG DELIS, DN WOZNIAK, GJ AF MORETTO, LG DELIS, DN WOZNIAK, GJ TI EXPERIMENTAL SIGNATURE FOR STATISTICAL MULTIFRAGMENTATION SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COMPLEX-FRAGMENT EMISSION; NUCLEAR MULTIFRAGMENTATION; PHASE-TRANSITION; COLLISIONS; DYNAMICS; CLUSTERIZATION; INSTABILITIES; MATTER AB Multifragment production was measured for the 60 MeV/nucleon Au-197 + Al-27, V-51, and (nat)Cu reactions. The branching ratios for binary, ternary, quaternary, and quinary decays were determined as a function of the excitation energy E and are independent of the target. The logarithms of these branching ratios when plotted vs E-1/2 show a linear dependence that strongly suggests a statistical competition between the various multifragmentation channels. This behavior seems to relegate the role of dynamics to the formation of the sources, which then proceed to decay in an apparently statistical manner. RP MORETTO, LG (reprint author), LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV NUCL SCI,1 CYCLOTRON RD,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 37 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 13 PY 1993 VL 71 IS 24 BP 3935 EP 3938 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.3935 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA ML868 UT WOS:A1993ML86800011 ER PT J AU BEIERSDORFER, P KNAPP, D MARRS, RE ELLIOTT, SR CHEN, MH AF BEIERSDORFER, P KNAPP, D MARRS, RE ELLIOTT, SR CHEN, MH TI STRUCTURE AND LAMB SHIFT OF 2S(1/2)-2P(3/2) LEVELS IN LITHIUM-LIKE U89+ THROUGH NEON-LIKE U82+ SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PERTURBATION-THEORY CALCULATIONS; BEAM ION TRAP; QED CORRECTIONS; ENERGY-LEVELS; LI-LIKE; URANIUM; TRANSITIONS; ATOMS AB The first Doppler-shift-free crystal-spectrometer measurement of stationary highly stripped uranium ions from a high-energy electron beam ion trap is presented. Thirteen 2s1/2-2p3/2 transitions in eight ionization states between Li-like U89+ and Ne-like U82+ are identified and measured with an accuracy as high as 37 ppm, providing benchmarks for testing relativistic correlation and quantum electrodynamic effects in highly charged multielectron ions. A value of 47.39 +/- 0.35 eV is found for the 2s1/2 Lamb shift in Li-like U89+, in excellent agreement with theory. RP BEIERSDORFER, P (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DIV ATOM PHYS,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 23 TC 90 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 13 PY 1993 VL 71 IS 24 BP 3939 EP 3942 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.3939 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA ML868 UT WOS:A1993ML86800012 ER PT J AU CHEN, AL YU, PY TAYLOR, RD AF CHEN, AL YU, PY TAYLOR, RD TI CLOSURE OF THE CHARGE-TRANSFER ENERGY-GAP AND METALLIZATION OF NII2 UNDER PRESSURE SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL COMPOUNDS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; DIHALIDES; MODEL AB We have performed. resistivity and near-ir absorption measurements on NiI2 under pressure that strongly suggests that closure of the charge-transfer energy gap is the fundamental cause of the insulator-to-metal transition in NiI2. Our findings support the framework proposed by Zaanen, Sawatsky, and Allen outlining the electronic structure of transition-metal compounds. C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV MAT SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV PHYS,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP CHEN, AL (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 26 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 13 PY 1993 VL 71 IS 24 BP 4011 EP 4014 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.4011 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA ML868 UT WOS:A1993ML86800030 ER PT J AU BAK, P SNEPPEN, K AF BAK, P SNEPPEN, K TI PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIUM AND CRITICALITY IN A SIMPLE-MODEL OF EVOLUTION SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SELF-ORGANIZED CRITICALITY; COEVOLUTION AB A simple and robust model of biological evolution of an ecology of interacting species is introduced. The model self-organizes into a critical steady state with intermittent coevolutionary avalanches of all sizes; i.e., it exhibits ''punctuated equilibrium'' behavior. This collaborative evolution is much faster than noncooperative scenarios since no large and coordinated, and hence prohibitively unlikely, mutations are involved. C1 NIELS BOHR INST,DK-2100 COPENHAGEN 0,DENMARK. RP BAK, P (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. OI Sneppen, Kim/0000-0001-9820-3567 NR 17 TC 971 Z9 992 U1 6 U2 81 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 13 PY 1993 VL 71 IS 24 BP 4083 EP 4086 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.4083 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA ML868 UT WOS:A1993ML86800048 ER PT J AU FLYVBJERG, H SNEPPEN, K BAK, P AF FLYVBJERG, H SNEPPEN, K BAK, P TI MEAN-FIELD THEORY FOR A SIMPLE-MODEL OF EVOLUTION SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RUGGED FITNESS LANDSCAPE AB A simple dynamical model for Darwinian evolution on its slowest time scale is analyzed. Its mean field theory is formulated and solved. A-random neighbor version of the model is simulated, as is a one-dimensional version. In one dimension, the dynamics can be described in terms of a ''repetitious random walker'' and anomalous diffusion with exponent 0.4. In all cases the model self-organizes to a robust critical attractor. C1 NIELS BOHR INST,DK-2100 COPENHAGEN 0,DENMARK. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. RP FLYVBJERG, H (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,DEPT PHYS,PRINCETON,NJ 08544, USA. RI Flyvbjerg, Henrik/C-1127-2009; OI Flyvbjerg, Henrik/0000-0002-1691-9367; Sneppen, Kim/0000-0001-9820-3567 NR 20 TC 184 Z9 186 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 13 PY 1993 VL 71 IS 24 BP 4087 EP 4090 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.4087 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA ML868 UT WOS:A1993ML86800049 ER PT J AU WEINERT, M BLUGEL, S JOHNSON, PD AF WEINERT, M BLUGEL, S JOHNSON, PD TI FERROMAGNETISM OF THE RH(001) SURFACE SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Note ID SUSCEPTIBILITIES; MONOLAYERS C1 FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH, FORSCHUNGSZENTRUMS, INST FESTKORPERFORSCH, D-52425 JULICH, GERMANY. RP BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, DEPT PHYS, UPTON, NY 11973 USA. RI Blugel, Stefan/J-8323-2013 OI Blugel, Stefan/0000-0001-9987-4733 NR 8 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 13 PY 1993 VL 71 IS 24 BP 4097 EP 4097 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.4097 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA ML868 UT WOS:A1993ML86800053 ER PT J AU HIRSCHMUGL, CJ DUMAS, P CHABAL, YJ HOFFMANN, FM SUHREN, M WILLIAMS, GP AF HIRSCHMUGL, CJ DUMAS, P CHABAL, YJ HOFFMANN, FM SUHREN, M WILLIAMS, GP TI DIPOLE FORBIDDEN VIBRATIONAL-MODES FOR NO AND CO ON CU OBSERVED IN THE FAR IR SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Vibration of Surfaces CY JUN 14-17, 1993 CL GENOA, ITALY ID SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION; SPECTROSCOPY; ADSORPTION; SURFACES; CU(111); STATES AB IRRAS spectra of NO/Cu(111) and (root 3x root 3)R30 degrees coverage of CO/Cu(111) in the range 3000-180 cm(-1) show both the adsorbate internal modes and features assigned to the hindered rotational modes. These dipole-forbidden features are characterized by asymmetric (mostly negative) absorption lineshapes and are accompanied by a change in broadband absorption. The shape and intensity of this broadband absorption is well accounted for by a scattering model. C1 YALE UNIV,DEPT APPL PHYS,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520. CTR UNIV PARIS SUD,LURE,F-91405 ORSAY,FRANCE. AT&T BELL LABS,MURRAY HILL,NJ 07974. EXXON RES & ENGN CO,CORP RES LABS,ANNANDALE,NJ 08801. RP HIRSCHMUGL, CJ (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,NATL SYNCHROTRON LIGHT SOURCE,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. RI Chabal, Yves/A-5998-2011 OI Chabal, Yves/0000-0002-6435-0347 NR 23 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD DEC 12 PY 1993 VL 64-5 BP 67 EP 73 DI 10.1016/0368-2048(93)80062-Q PG 7 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA MQ547 UT WOS:A1993MQ54700009 ER PT J AU RAHMAN, TS TIAN, ZJ AF RAHMAN, TS TIAN, ZJ TI ANHARMONIC EFFECTS AT METAL-SURFACES SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article ID EMBEDDED-ATOM METHOD; ENHANCED ANHARMONICITY; MULTILAYER RELAXATION; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; THERMAL-EXPANSION; AG(110) SURFACE; CU(110); DYNAMICS; DIFFRACTION; TRANSITION AB We present here results of temperature-dependent studies of the dynamics of several fee metal surfaces using classical molecular dynamic simulations and interaction potentials from the embedded atom method. At room temperature, the mean square vibrational amplitudes of the (100) surface of Ag, Cu and Ni are found to be isotropic, while on (111) the out-of-plane vibration is larger and on the (110) surface the in-plane motion along (001) is the dominant one. Beyond room temperature, anharmonic effects at the surface become noticeable and at a temperature somewhat larger than half the melting temperature the in-plane, anharmonic vibrational amplitudes on the (110) surface become so large that adatoms and vacancies are created. This leads the surface to disorder and eventually to premelt. On the (100) surface, however, adatoms and vacancies do not appear until close to the melting temperature, while Cu(110) is found to premelt at about 1200K and Ag(110) at about 1050K. The surface thermal expansion of Ag(110) is also found to be significantly larger than for the bulk. The phonon frequency shifts and line-width broadening are calculated as a function of surface temperature. These characteristics on Ag(110) are compared with those on Cu(110). C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI, DEPT PHYS, MANHATTAN, KS 66506 USA. BROCK UNIV, DEPT PHYS, ST CATHARINES L2S 3A1, ON, CANADA. RP RAHMAN, TS (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, DEPT PHYS, UPTON, NY 11973 USA. NR 45 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD DEC 12 PY 1993 VL 64-5 BP 651 EP 663 DI 10.1016/0368-2048(93)80133-7 PG 13 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA MQ547 UT WOS:A1993MQ54700080 ER PT J AU HANNON, JB PLUMMER, EW AF HANNON, JB PLUMMER, EW TI SHEAR HORIZONTAL VIBRATIONS AT THE (0001) SURFACE OF BERYLLIUM SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Vibration of Surfaces CY JUN 14-17, 1993 CL GENOA, ITALY ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; METAL-SURFACES; PHONONS; RECONSTRUCTION; BE(0001); AG(110); NI(110); STRESS; MODES AB We report the results of a high-resolution Electron-Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) investigation of the Be(0001) surface. Two dispersive surface vibrational modes are observed in the ($) over bar T to ($) over bar M direction: a sagittal-plane mode (the Rayleigh wave) and a shear horizontal mode. We have compared our experimental results to a 300-layer slab calculation and to a semi-infinite Green's function calculation of Sameth and Mele. Both calculations predict a higher energy for the Rayleigh wave and lower energy for the shear horizontal mode than is experimentally measured. These results are consistent with stronger in-plane bonding and weaker interplanar bonding at the surface, in accord with other theoretical predictions. C1 UNIV PENN,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. UNIV TENNESSEE,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. RP HANNON, JB (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD DEC 12 PY 1993 VL 64-5 BP 683 EP 690 DI 10.1016/0368-2048(93)80137-B PG 8 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA MQ547 UT WOS:A1993MQ54700084 ER PT J AU DURR, H BADDORF, AP AF DURR, H BADDORF, AP TI ANHARMONICITY ON THE CU(110)-(2X1)O SURFACE SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Vibration of Surfaces CY JUN 14-17, 1993 CL GENOA, ITALY ID ENERGY ION-SCATTERING; LOW-Z ADSORBATES; METAL-SURFACES; ENHANCED ANHARMONICITY; DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR; VIBRATIONS; COPPER; RECONSTRUCTION AB We have studied the temperature-dependent energy shift of surface vibrations on the Cu(110)-(2x1)O reconstructed surface using high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy. Interatomic bonds involved in the observed vibrations were extracted from phonon slab calculations. The measured energy shifts can be directly related to the anharmonicity of the potentials between the vibrating atoms by using a simple Morse oscillator model. By comparing to bulk phonon measurements, we find that both the oxygen-copper and copper-copper bonds at the surface have bulk-like anharmonicity. This is in contrast to the clean surface where strong anharmonicity is observed. C1 UNIV PENN,DEPT PHYS,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. RP DURR, H (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV SOLID STATE,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Durr, Hermann/F-6205-2012; Baddorf, Arthur/I-1308-2016 OI Baddorf, Arthur/0000-0001-7023-2382 NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD DEC 12 PY 1993 VL 64-5 BP 691 EP 696 DI 10.1016/0368-2048(93)80138-C PG 6 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA MQ547 UT WOS:A1993MQ54700085 ER PT J AU KOGUT, A LINEWEAVER, C SMOOT, GF BENNETT, CL BANDAY, A BOGGESS, NW CHENG, ES DEAMICI, G FIXSEN, DJ HINSHAW, G JACKSON, PD JANSSEN, M KEEGSTRA, P LOEWENSTEIN, K LUBIN, P MATHER, JC TENORIO, L WEISS, R WILKINSON, DT WRIGHT, EL AF KOGUT, A LINEWEAVER, C SMOOT, GF BENNETT, CL BANDAY, A BOGGESS, NW CHENG, ES DEAMICI, G FIXSEN, DJ HINSHAW, G JACKSON, PD JANSSEN, M KEEGSTRA, P LOEWENSTEIN, K LUBIN, P MATHER, JC TENORIO, L WEISS, R WILKINSON, DT WRIGHT, EL TI DIPOLE ANISOTROPY IN THE COBE DIFFERENTIAL MICROWAVE RADIOMETERS 1ST-YEAR SKY MAPS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND; COSMOLOGY; OBSERVATIONS ID COSMIC BACKGROUND-RADIATION; LARGE-SCALE ANISOTROPY; LOCAL GROUP; GALAXIES; FLUCTUATIONS; UNIVERSE; DESIGN; MOTION AB We present a determination of the cosmic microwave background dipole amplitude and direction from the COBE Differential Microwave Radiometers (DMR) first year of data. Data from the six DMR channels are consistent with a Doppler-shifted Planck function of dipole amplitude DELTAT = 3.365 +/- 0.027 mK toward direction (l(II), b(II)) = (264.4-degrees +/- 0.3-degrees, 48.4-degrees +/- 0.5-degrees). The implied velocity of the Local Group with respect to the CMB rest frame is v(LG) = 627 +/- 22 km s-1 toward (l(II), b(II)) = (276-degrees +/- 3-degrees, 30-degrees +/- 3-degrees). DMR has also mapped the dipole anisotropy resulting from the Earth's orbital motion about the Solar system barycenter, yielding a measurement of the monopole CMB temperature T0 at 31.5, 53, and 90 GHz, T0 = 2.75 +/- 0.05 K. C1 NASA, GSFC, APPL RES CORP, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA. NASA, GSFC, HUGHES STX CORP, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA. UCSB, DEPT PHYS, SANTA BARBARA, CA 93106 USA. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES, DEPT ASTRON, LOS ANGELES, CA 90024 USA. PRINCETON UNIV, DEPT PHYS, PRINCETON, NJ 08544 USA. LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, SPACE SCI LAB, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, CTR PARTICLE ASTROPHYS, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. JET PROP LAB, PASADENA, CA 91109 USA. MIT, DEPT PHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA. RP KOGUT, A (reprint author), NASA, GSFC, UNIV SPACE RES ASSOC, CODE 685 9, GREENBEL, MD 20771 USA. RI Kogut, Alan/D-6293-2012 NR 36 TC 249 Z9 251 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 1993 VL 419 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1086/173453 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA MK864 UT WOS:A1993MK86400001 ER PT J AU STAKEBAKE, JL LARSON, DT HASCHKE, JM AF STAKEBAKE, JL LARSON, DT HASCHKE, JM TI CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PLUTONIUM WATER REACTION .2. FORMATION OF A BINARY OXIDE CONTAINING PU(VI) SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; SYSTEM; PHASE; OXIDATION; BEHAVIOR AB Characterization of products formed by reacting unalloyed plutonium with water vapor at 15 Torr pressure shows that Pu2O3, PuO2 and a previously unreported binary oxide containing Pu(VI) form on the metal between 200 and 350-degrees-C. Although the reaction produces a uniformly adherent product layer with a thickness of about 5 mum, localized pits of plutonium hydride cover 15-20% of the oxide-metal interface beneath the layer. Analytical results show that the non-equilibrium product contains layers of three oxide phases at all temperatures. Cubic alpha-Pu2O3 appearing at the metal interface is covered by a layer of dioxide. A third oxide formed at the gas-solid interface is identified by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as the mixed-valence phase Pu(IV)3-xPu(VI)xO6+x. Diffraction data suggest that this oxide crystallizes in a fluorite-related NpH2+delta or Sm3H7(Ca2YF7)-type structure. Formation of the higher oxide is supported by X-ray photoelectron spectra, indicating the presence of the Pu(VI) oxidation state. Evaluation of the results yields an oxide composition corresponding to a value of x near 0.5. Estimated thermodynamic data suggests that the oxide is a stable phase in the Pu-O system; experimental observations show that the product is preserved during exposure to air and ultrahigh vacuum. Although formation of PuO2.2 is expected to be a slow process at low temperatures, reaction of PuO2 with moisture adsorbed on its surface may generate large quantities of hydrogen if dioxide is stored for an extended period. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP STAKEBAKE, JL (reprint author), EG&G ROCKY FLATS INC,GOLDEN,CO 80402, USA. NR 46 TC 36 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD DEC 10 PY 1993 VL 202 BP 251 EP 263 DI 10.1016/0925-8388(93)90547-Z PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA MK678 UT WOS:A1993MK67800048 ER PT J AU SEVOV, SC OSTENSON, JE CORBETT, JD AF SEVOV, SC OSTENSON, JE CORBETT, JD TI K8IN10HG - A ZINTL PHASE WITH ISOLATED IN10HG CLUSTERS SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article ID INDIUM AB The title compound results from the substitution of one mercury atom for indium in the known metallic K8In11 [8K+ + In-11(7-) + e-]. It contains the same isolated eleven-atom clusters as before, pentacapped trigonal prisms compressed along the three-fold axis, but with mercury disordered over the trigonal prismatic sites (P6(3)/m, Z = 2, a = 9.9812(4) angstrom, c = 16.851(1) angstrom, R/R(w) = 2.4/2.8%). The cluster In10Hg8- is likewise hypoelectronic and requires the 2n-4 = 18 skeletal bonding electrons available for this stoichiometry. The close-packed layers of clusters are again separated by double layers of potassium, but these follow an h.c.p. order rather than the c.c.p. arrangement found in K8In11. The phase is diamagnetic (approximately -3.5 x 10(-4) emu mol-1), in contrast to the Pauli-like behavior of K8In11, but it too exhibits a conductivity characteristic of a poor metal or a semimetal, rho295 approximately 270 muOMEGA-1 cm-1 with a coefficient of +0.48% deg-1. C1 US DOE,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM,AMES,IA 50011. NR 16 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD DEC 10 PY 1993 VL 202 BP 289 EP 294 DI 10.1016/0925-8388(93)90551-W PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA MK678 UT WOS:A1993MK67800052 ER PT J AU FRANZEN, HF KREINER, G AF FRANZEN, HF KREINER, G TI CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE OF LAMBDA-MNAL4 SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Letter ID SYSTEM; PHASE C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM,AMES,IA 50011. UNIV DORTMUND,FACHBEREICH CHEM,W-4600 DORTMUND 50,GERMANY. RP FRANZEN, HF (reprint author), US DOE,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 9 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD DEC 10 PY 1993 VL 202 BP L21 EP L23 DI 10.1016/0925-8388(93)90505-H PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA MK678 UT WOS:A1993MK67800006 ER PT J AU SUGAMA, T CARCIELLO, NR AF SUGAMA, T CARCIELLO, NR TI CATHODIC DELAMINATIONS OF POLY(PHENYL ETHER ETHER KETONE) (PEEK) COATINGS OVERLAID ON ZINC PHOSPHATE-DEPOSITED STEELS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TO-METAL JOINTS; POLYMER SURFACES; SPECTROSCOPY AB The melt-crystallized poly(phenyl ether ether ketone) (PEEK) polymer was overlaid on crystalline zinc phosphate (Zn . Ph) conversion coating-deposited and nondeposited cold-rolled steels at 400-degrees-C in air or in N2 environments. The ability of these coating systems to protect the steel against corrosion was evaluated from the rate of cathodic delamination of the coating layer from the steel. Because the cathodic reaction, H2O + 1/2O2 + 2e- = 2OH-, at the corrosion side of a defect in the coating layer creates a high pH environment at the interfacial boundary between the coating and steel, the magnitude of susceptibility of the interfacial intermediate layers to the alkali-induced degradation played a key role in suppressing cathodic failure. The lowest level was observed in the N2-induced PEEK/Zn . Ph/steel joint systems, thereby decreasing the rate of delamination. By contrast, oxidized PEEK induced by air in same joint systems was susceptible to the alkali-catalyzed hydrolysis. This phenomenon significantly promoted the alkali dissolution of Zn . Ph crystals, reflecting a high rate of delamination. Nevertheless, the introduction of Zn . Ph as interfacial tailoring material into the intermediate layers markedly acted in reducing the cathodic delamination of PEEK/steel joint systems. (C) 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. RP SUGAMA, T (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT APPL SCI,DIV ENERGY DEFICIENCY & CONSERVAT,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD DEC 10 PY 1993 VL 50 IS 10 BP 1701 EP 1713 DI 10.1002/app.1993.070501004 PG 13 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA MH124 UT WOS:A1993MH12400004 ER PT J AU RUNDLE, JB AF RUNDLE, JB TI MAGNITUDE-FREQUENCY RELATIONS FOR EARTHQUAKES USING A STATISTICAL-MECHANICAL APPROACH SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; PHYSICAL MODEL; NUCLEATION; SCALE AB At very small magnitudes, observations indicate that the frequency of occurrence of earthquakes is significantly smaller than the frequency predicted by simple Gutenberg-Richter statistics. Previously, it has been suggested that the dearth of small events is related to a rapid rise in scattering and attenuation at high frequencies (i.e., the controversial ''f(max)'' problem) and the consequent inability to detect these events with standard arrays of seismometers. However, several recent studies have suggested that instrumentation cannot account for the entire effect and that the decline in frequency may be real. Working from this hypothesis, we derive a magnitude-frequency relation for very small earthquakes that is based upon the postulate that the system of moving plates can be treated as a system not too far removed from equilibrium. As a result, it is assumed that in the steady state, the probability P[E] that a segment of fault has a free energy E is proportional to the exponential of the free energy P is-proportional-to exp[-E/E(N)]. In equilibrium statistical mechanics this distribution is called the Boltzmann distribution. The probability weight E(N) is the space-time steady state average of the free energy of the segment. Earthquakes are then treated as fluctuations in the free energy of the segments. With these assumptions, it is shown that magnitude-frequency relations can be obtained. For example, previous results obtained by the author can be recovered under the same assumptions as before, for intermediate and large events, the distinction being whether the event is of a linear dimension sufficient to extend the entire width of the brittle zone. Additionally, a magnitude-frequency relation is obtained that is in satisfactory agreement with the data at very small magnitudes. At these magnitudes, departures from frequencies predicted by Gutenberg-Richter statistics are found using a model that accounts for the finite thickness of the inelastic part of the fault zone. The inelastic thickness of the fault zone that is obtained is in general agreement with thicknesses found from field observations following earthquakes. Thus, departures from simple Gutenberg-Richter scaling are apparently due at very large magnitudes to the finite width of the brittle layer, and at very small magnitudes to the finite thickness of the inelastic fault zone. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, DEPT EARTH SCI, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. NR 25 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 10 PY 1993 VL 98 IS B12 BP 21943 EP 21949 DI 10.1029/93JB02037 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ML693 UT WOS:A1993ML69300017 ER PT J AU GLATZMAIER, GA SCHUBERT, G AF GLATZMAIER, GA SCHUBERT, G TI 3-DIMENSIONAL SPHERICAL-MODELS OF LAYERED AND WHOLE MANTLE CONVECTION SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; NORTHWEST PACIFIC; SLAB PENETRATION; 2-LAYER MANTLE; ISLAND ARCS; HETEROGENEITY; SUBDUCTION; PEROVSKITE AB We present numerical calculations of three-dimensional spherical shell thermal convection for constant viscosity and stratified viscosity models of whole-layer and two-layer mantle convection. These four examples are intended to provide theoretical guidance for determining the style of convection that is occurring in Earth's mantle. An impermeable interface between the upper and lower convecting shells in the two-layer solutions is placed at a depth of 670 km to coincide with the mantle seismic discontinuity that divides the upper and lower mantle. The interface results in an internal thermal boundary layer that raises the mean temperature in the lower shell by about 1400 K compared to the whole-layer solutions. The patterns of convection in the upper part of the whole-layer solutions are dominated by narrow arcuate sheetlike downflows in a background of weak upflow. In contrast, the upper shells of the two-layer solutions have complicated networks of convective rolls with the upflows and downflows having very similar structure. The structure of convection in the lower shells is similar to that in the lower part of the whole-layer solutions. An increase (decrease) in the viscosity in the lower (upper) shell decreases (increases) the convective velocity in the lower (upper) shell and increases (decreases) the horizontal scale in the lower (upper) shell. The upper and lower shells are viscously coupled at the 670-km interface when viscosity is the same in the two shells. However, when viscosity in the lower shell is 30 times greater than that in the upper shell, the coupling is partially viscous and partially thermal. Based on the horizontal structure of subduction zones on Earth's surface and on tomographic images of temperature variations in Earth's mantle, we conclude that the style of convection in Earth's mantle is more like that of the whole-mantle models. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,INST GEOPHYS & PLANETARY PHYS,DEPT EARTH & SPACE SCI,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. RP GLATZMAIER, GA (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,INST GEOPHYS & PLANETARY PHYS,DIV EARTH & ENVIRONM SCI,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 34 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 10 PY 1993 VL 98 IS B12 BP 21969 EP 21976 DI 10.1029/93JB02111 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ML693 UT WOS:A1993ML69300020 ER PT J AU VANIMAN, D BISH, D CHIPERA, S AF VANIMAN, D BISH, D CHIPERA, S TI DEHYDRATION AND REHYDRATION OF A TUFF VITROPHYRE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID VOLCANIC GLASSES AB The basal vitrophyre of the Topopah Spring Member of the Paintbrush Tuff at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, is a perlitic glass with 2.8 to 4.6% water. The dehydration of this vitrophyre was studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and by isothermal heating at 50-degrees, 100-degrees, 200-degrees, and 400-degrees-C for 3.4 years followed by 1.1 years of rehydration at high controlled humidity (approximately 79% relative humidity). No crystallization of the glass was observed in long-term dehydration or rehydration; the only observed chemical alteration was loss of up to 60% of original fluorine. TGA studies show a characteristic two-stage dehydration of the vitrophyre, with two-thirds to three-fourths weight loss occurring most rapidly at temperatures ranging from 278-degrees to 346-degrees-C in 10-degrees-C/min beating experiments. The remaining water, about 1 % in all of the vitrophyre samples studied regardless of total water content, is lost only on second-stage heating to temperatures above 650-degrees-C. Long-term isothermal heating at less-than-or-equal-to 400-degrees-C releases only the first-stage water. Loss of essentially all first-stage water occurred in less than 1 hour at 400-degrees-C; proportionately lower losses were obtained at 200-degrees and 100-degrees-C. Small (0.2%) water loss occurred in the 50-degrees-C experiment. A time-temperature-dehydration diagram generated from the isothermal heating data shows a clustering of dehydration contours that are the equilibrium equivalent of the rapid first-stage water loss in dynamic TGA experiments. These dry-heating experiments provide an end-member characterization of glass transformations for comparison with water-saturated heating experiments in which glass alteration is prominent. RP VANIMAN, D (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, DIV EARTH & ENVIRONM SCI, MS D462, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 10 PY 1993 VL 98 IS B12 BP 22309 EP 22320 DI 10.1029/93JB01570 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ML693 UT WOS:A1993ML69300043 ER PT J AU HUSTON, M AF HUSTON, M TI BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY, SOILS, AND ECONOMICS SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SPECIES-DIVERSITY; TROPICAL FOREST; SUCCESSION; VEGETATION; DOMINANCE; JARI AB Terrestrial biological diversity is supported by solar energy captured by plants growing in soil. This soil-based plant productivity also provides the foundation for human societies through production of food and renewable forms of energy. Variations in plant productivity, resulting from differences in inherent soil fertility, variations in climate and weather, and differences in chemical inputs and agricultural practices, produce patterns of biological diversity that are associated with the agricultural component of economic productivity. Ecological processes lead to a generally negative relation between the diversity of plant species and potential agricultural productivity at both local and global scales. One implication of this negative relation is that preservation of areas of high plant biodiversity does not require the sacrifice of productive agricultural lands. RP HUSTON, M (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Huston, Michael/B-1434-2009 OI Huston, Michael/0000-0001-9513-1166 NR 62 TC 114 Z9 115 U1 6 U2 33 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 10 PY 1993 VL 262 IS 5140 BP 1676 EP 1680 DI 10.1126/science.262.5140.1676 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA ML220 UT WOS:A1993ML22000029 PM 17781786 ER PT J AU BLAU, PJ YUST, CS AF BLAU, PJ YUST, CS TI MICROFRICTION STUDIES OF MODEL SELF-LUBRICATING SURFACES SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY APR 19-23, 1993 CL SAN DIEGO, CA ID SILICON-CARBIDE; FRICTION; BEHAVIOR AB Self-lubricating composites consist of at least one structural (matrix) phase and at least one phase to provide lubrication. Modelling the behavior of such composites involves ascertaining the frictional contributions of each constituent phase under varying conditions of lubricating film coverage. The ORNL friction microprobe, a specialized microcontact tribometer, was used to investigate the frictional behavior of both matrix and lubricant phases in order to support the development of self-lubricating surfaces. Polished chemical-vapour-deposited SiC deposits and silicon wafers were used as substrates. The wafers were intended to simulate the thin SiO2 films present on SiC surfaces at elevated temperatures. MoS2 in both sputtered and burnished forms was used as the model lubricant. The effects of the chemical-vapor-deposited SiC substrate surface roughness and method of lubricant film deposition on the substrate were studied for single passes of a spherical Si3N4 slider (NBD 200 material). In contrast to the smooth sliding exhibited by burnished films, sputtered MoS2 surfaces exhibited marked stick-slip behavior, indicating that the frictional behavior of solid lubricating coatings can be quite erratic on a microscale, especially when asperity contacts are elastically compliant. RP BLAU, PJ (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV MET & CERAM,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD DEC 10 PY 1993 VL 62 IS 1-3 BP 380 EP 387 DI 10.1016/0257-8972(93)90271-O PG 8 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA MN812 UT WOS:A1993MN81200006 ER PT J AU GALLOWAY, HC BENITEZ, JJ SALMERON, M AF GALLOWAY, HC BENITEZ, JJ SALMERON, M TI THE STRUCTURE OF MONOLAYER FILMS OF FEO ON PT(111) SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN; OXIDATION; SURFACE; CHEMISORPTION; OVERLAYERS; GROWTH AB The structure and growth of iron oxide monolayers on Pt(111) has been studied by scanning tunneling microscopy. Atomically resolved images reveal a non-coincidence overlayer lattice where a short overlayer periodicity (approximately 3 angstrom) is modulated by a larger periodicity of approximately 26 angstrom. We explain this result as due to a bilayer of FeO with structure similar to the (111) plane of wustite (cubic FeO with the NaCl structure) overlaying the Pt(111) surface. A small rotational mismatch (0.6-degrees +/- 0.3-degrees) between overlayer and substrate is observed that produces two domains. Measurements of the relative angular rotation of these domains allowed accurate determination of the monolayer Fe-Fe (or 0-0) distances as 3.09 +/- 0.02 angstrom. C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV MAT SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV SEVILLE,DEPT QUIM INORGAN,SEVILLE,SPAIN. RP GALLOWAY, HC (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Benitez, Jose J/K-5662-2014 OI Benitez, Jose J/0000-0002-3222-0564 NR 21 TC 110 Z9 111 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD DEC 10 PY 1993 VL 298 IS 1 BP 127 EP 133 DI 10.1016/0039-6028(93)90089-3 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA ML079 UT WOS:A1993ML07900023 ER PT J AU COON, SR CALAWAY, WF PELLIN, MJ WHITE, JM AF COON, SR CALAWAY, WF PELLIN, MJ WHITE, JM TI NEW FINDINGS ON THE SPUTTERING OF NEUTRAL METAL-CLUSTERS SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL SURFACES; KINETIC-ENERGY DISTRIBUTIONS; ANGLE-INTEGRATED YIELDS; ION-BOMBARDMENT; COPPER CLUSTERS; AR+-IONS; UNIMOLECULAR DECOMPOSITION; RESONANCE IONIZATION; MASS DISTRIBUTIONS; EMISSION AB Neutral copper and aluminum clusters containing up to 20 and 12 atoms, respectively, were observed in the sputtering of the polycrystalline metals by 3.75 or 3.9 keV Ar+ ions. The clusters were postionized by 6.4 eV photons from an ArF excimer laser and were mass analyzed in a time-of-flight spectrometer. The yields of the clusters were estimated from their postionized concentrations and are shown for the first time to exhibit a power-law dependence on the number of atoms in the cluster. The kinetic energy distributions of Cu through Cu6 were measured, and the cluster distributions were found to resemble the atom distribution, in agreement with our earlier copper and aluminum data. Collision-cascade-based models cannot predict the yield and kinetic energy distribution data. Several alternate models are considered, but none is found to be satisfactory for explaining the large cluster emission. For small (n < 3) clusters, the superposition of two or more mechanisms may help to explain the observations. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB, DIV MAT SCI, ARGONNE, IL 60439 USA. ARGONNE NATL LAB, DIV CHEM TECHNOL, ARGONNE, IL 60439 USA. ARGONNE NATL LAB, DIV CHEM, ARGONNE, IL 60439 USA. UNIV TEXAS, DEPT CHEM, AUSTIN, TX 78712 USA. RI Pellin, Michael/B-5897-2008 OI Pellin, Michael/0000-0002-8149-9768 NR 72 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 EI 1879-2758 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD DEC 10 PY 1993 VL 298 IS 1 BP 161 EP 172 DI 10.1016/0039-6028(93)90092-X PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA ML079 UT WOS:A1993ML07900026 ER PT J AU BRAND, HV CURTISS, LA ITON, LE AF BRAND, HV CURTISS, LA ITON, LE TI AB-INITIO MOLECULAR-ORBITAL CLUSTER STUDIES OF THE ZEOLITE ZSM-5 .1. PROTON AFFINITIES SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BRIDGING HYDROXYL-GROUPS; OH-GROUPS; SURFACE HYDROXYLS; FRAMEWORK; BOND; ALUMINUM; ACIDITY; SUBSTITUTION; DIFFRACTION; LOCATION AB In this study we carried out ab initio molecular orbital calculations using the STO-3G, 3-21G, and 6-31G* basis sets on aluminosilicate clusters representing ZSM-5 containing up to 46 tetrahedrally coordinated tetravalent atoms and including (SiO)n rings. The proton affinity and OH stretching frequency of the central bridging oxygen site (O(24) site) are examined as a function of cluster size and shape. The proton affinity is found to depend significantly (5-15 kcal/mol) on the shape of the cluster. Calculation of the electrostatic potential in the region of the central bridging oxygen site for the clusters indicates that this dependence is largely due to electrostatic effects. The effects of geometry relaxation are studied with a constant-volume relaxation method in which a part of the cluster is optimized with the remaining being fixed in its crystal structure. Results indicate that relaxation increases the proton affinity by about 10-15 kcal/mol over the value from the rigid experimental structure. The final calculated proton affinity for the O(24) site in ZSM-5, including correction for zero-point effects, O:Si ratio, and higher level theory, is consistent with experiment. The OH stretching vibrational frequency is in good agreement with the experimental value. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439. NR 52 TC 138 Z9 141 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD DEC 9 PY 1993 VL 97 IS 49 BP 12773 EP 12782 DI 10.1021/j100151a024 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA ML667 UT WOS:A1993ML66700024 ER PT J AU SCHWARZ, HA AF SCHWARZ, HA TI PARTIAL MOLAR VOLUMES OF IONS IN NONPOLAR-SOLVENTS SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PRESSURE; LIQUIDS; HYDROCARBONS; TEMPERATURE; MOBILITIES AB A method of including density effects in electrostatic calculations of ions in nonpolar solvents has been developed which is useful down to a radius of 2 angstrom. It is shown on the basis of free energy calculations that the first layer of solvent molecules around a small ion is most likely frozen in a high-density glasslike state. With this effect included, good agreement (+/- 30 CM3/mol) is found with recent experimental data on five solvents, in which electrostriction volumes for CO2-range from -180 to -265 cm3/mol. The effect on ionic mobility is discussed. RP SCHWARZ, HA (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 28 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD DEC 9 PY 1993 VL 97 IS 49 BP 12954 EP 12958 DI 10.1021/j100151a051 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA ML667 UT WOS:A1993ML66700051 ER PT J AU ADRIANI, O AGUILARBENITZ, M AHLEN, S ALCARAZ, J ALOISIO, A ALVERSON, G ALVIGGI, MG AMBROSI, G AN, Q ANDERHUB, H ANDERSON, AL ANDREEV, VP ANGELESCU, T ANTONOV, L ANTREASYAN, D ARCE, P AREFIEV, A ATAMANCHUK, A AZEMOON, T AZIZ, T BABA, PVKS BAGNAIA, P BAKKEN, JA BALL, RC BANERJEE, S BAO, J BARILLERE, R BARONE, L BASCHIROTTO, A BATTISTON, R BAY, A BECATTINI, F BECHTLUFT, J BECKER, R BECKER, U BEHNER, F BEHRENS, J BENCZE, GL BERDUGO, J BERGES, P BERTUCCI, B BETEV, BL BIASINI, M BILAND, A BILEI, GM BIZZARRI, R BLAISING, JJ BOBBINK, GJ BOCK, R BOHM, A BORGIA, B BOSETTI, M BOURILKOV, D BOURQUIN, M BOUTIGNY, D BOUWENS, B BRAMBILLA, E BRANSON, JG BROCK, IC BROOKS, M BUJAK, A BURGER, JD BURGER, WJ BUSENITZ, J BUYTENHUIJS, A CAI, XD CAPELL, M CARIA, M CARLINO, G CARTACCI, AM CASTELLO, R CERRADA, M CESARONI, F CHANG, YH CHATURVEDI, UK CHEMARIN, M CHEN, A CHEN, C CHEN, G CHEN, GM CHEN, HF CHEN, HS CHEN, M CHEN, WY CHIEFARI, G CHIEN, CY CHOI, MT CHUNG, S CIVININI, C CLARE, I CLARE, R COAN, TE COHN, HO COIGNET, G COLINO, N CONTIN, A COSTANTINI, S COTOROBAI, F CUI, XT CUI, XY DAI, TS DALESSANDRO, R DEASMUNDIS, R DEGRE, A DEITERS, K DENES, E DENES, P DENOTARISTEFANI, F DHINA, M DIBITONTO, D DIEMOZ, M DIMITROV, HR DIONISI, C DITTMAR, M DJAMBAZOV, L DOVA, MT DRAGO, E DUCHESNEAU, D DUINKER, P DURAN, I EASO, S ELMAMOUNI, H ENGLER, A EPPLING, FJ ERNE, FC EXTERMANN, P FABBRETTI, R FABRE, M FALCIANO, S FAN, SJ FACKLER, O FAY, J FELCINI, M FERGUSON, T FERNANDEZ, D FERNANDEZ, G FERRONI, F FESEFELDT, H FIANDRINI, E FIELD, JH FILTHAUT, F FISHER, PH FORCONI, G FREDJ, L FREUDENREICH, K FRIEBEL, W FUKUSHIMA, M GAILLOUD, M GALAKTIONOV, Y GALLO, E GANGULI, SN GARCIAABIA, P GELE, D GENTILE, S GHEORDANESCU, N GIAGU, S GOLDFARB, S GONG, ZF GONZALEZ, E GOUGAS, A GOUJON, D GRATTA, G GRUENEWALD, M GU, C GUANZIROLI, M GUO, JK GUPTA, VK GURTU, A GUSTAFSON, HR GUTAY, LJ HANGARTER, K HARTMANN, B HASAN, A HAUSCHILDT, D HE, CF HE, JT HEBBEKER, T HEBERT, M HERVE, A HILGERS, K HOFER, H HOORANI, H HU, G HU, GQ ILLE, B ILYAS, MM INNOCENTE, V JANSSEN, H JEZEQUEL, S JIN, BN JONES, LW JOSAMUTUBERRIA, I KASSER, A KHAN, RA KAMYSHKOV, Y KAPINOS, P KAPUSTINSKY, JS KARYOTAKIS, Y KAUR, M KHOKHAR, S KIENZLEFOCACCI, MN KIM, JK KIM, SC KIM, YG KINNISON, WW KIRKBY, A KIRKBY, D KIRSCH, S KITTEL, W KLIMENTOV, A KLOCKNER, R KONIG, AC KOFFEMAN, E KORNADT, O KOUTSENKO, V KOULBARDIS, A KRAEMER, RW KRAMER, T KRASTEV, VR KRENZ, W KRIVSHICH, A KUIJTEN, H KUMAR, KS KUNIN, A LANDI, G LANSKE, D LANZANO, S LEBEDEV, A LEBRUN, P LECOMTE, P LECOQ, P LECOULTRE, P LEE, DM LEE, JS LEE, KY LEEDOM, I LEGGETT, C LEGOFF, JM LEISTE, R LENTI, M LEONARDI, E LI, C LI, HT LI, PJ LIAO, JY LIN, WT LIN, ZY LINDE, FL LINDEMANN, B LISTA, L LIU, Y LOHMANN, W LONGO, E LU, YS LUBBERS, JM LUBELSMEYER, K LUCI, C LUCKEY, D LUDOVICI, L LUMINARI, L LUSTERMANN, W MA, JM MA, WG MACDERMOTT, M MALIK, R MALININ, A MANA, C MAOLINBAY, M MARCHESINI, P MARION, F MARIN, A MARTIN, JP MARTINEZLASO, L MARZANO, F MASSARO, GGG MAZUMDAR, K MCBRIDE, P MCMAHON, T MCNALLY, D MERK, M MEROLA, L MESCHINI, M METZGER, WJ MI, Y MIHUL, A MILLS, GB MIR, Y MIRABELLI, G MNICH, J MOLLER, M MONTELEONI, B MORAND, R MORGANTI, S MOULAI, NE MOUNT, R MULLER, S NADTOCHY, A NAGY, E NAPOLITANO, M NESSITEDALDI, F NEWMAN, H NEYER, C NIAZ, MA NIPPE, A NOWAK, H ORGANTINI, G PANDOULAS, D PAOLETTI, S PAOLUCCI, P PASCALE, G PASSALEVA, G PATRICELLI, S PAUL, T PAULUZZI, M PAUS, C PAUSS, F PEI, YJ PENSOTTI, S PERRETGALLIX, D PERRIER, J PEVSNER, A PICCOLO, D PIERI, M PIROUE, PA PLASIL, F PLYASKIN, V POHL, M POJIDAEV, V POSTEMA, H QI, ZD QIAN, JM QURESHI, KN RAGHAVAN, R RAHALCALLOT, G RANCOITA, PG RATTAGGI, M RAVEN, G RAZIS, P READ, K REN, D REN, Z RESCIGNO, M REUCROFT, S RICKER, A RIEMANN, S RIEMERS, BC RILES, K RIND, O RIZVI, HA RO, S RODRIGUEZ, FJ ROE, BP ROHNER, M ROMERO, L ROSIERLEES, S ROSMALEN, R ROSSELET, P VANROSSUM, W ROTH, S RUBBIA, A RUBIO, JA RYKACZEWSKI, H SACHWITZ, M SALICIO, J SALICIO, JM SANDERS, GS SANTOCCHIA, A SARAKINOS, MS SARTORELLI, G SASSOWSKY, M SAUVAGE, G SCHEGELSKY, V SCHMITZ, D SCHMITZ, P SCHNEEGANS, M SCHOPPER, H SCHOTANUS, DJ SHOTKIN, S SCHREIBER, HJ SHUKLA, J SCHULTE, R SCHULTE, S SCHULTZE, K SCHWENKE, J SCHWERING, G SCIACCA, C SCOTT, I SEHGAL, R SEILER, PG SENS, JC SERVOLI, L SHEER, I SHEN, DZ SHEVCHENKO, S SHI, XR SHUMILOV, E SHOUTKO, V SON, D SOPCZAK, A SOULIMOV, V SPARTIOTIS, C SPICKERMANN, T SPILLANTINI, P STAROSTA, R STEUER, M STICKLAND, DP STICOZZI, F STONE, H STRAUCH, K STRINGFELLOW, BC SUDHAKAR, K SULTANOV, G SUN, LZ SUSINNO, GF SUTER, H SWAIN, JD SYED, AA TANG, XW TAYLOR, L TERZI, G TING, SCC TING, SM TONUTTI, M TONWAR, SC TOTH, J TSAREGORODTSEV, A TSIPOLITIS, G TULLY, C TUNG, KL ULBRICHT, J URBAN, L UWER, U VALENTE, E VANDEWALLE, RT VETLITSKY, I VIERTEL, G VIKAS, P VIKAS, U VIVARGENT, M VOGEL, H VOGT, H VOROBIEV, I VOROBYOV, AA VUILLEUMIER, L WADHWA, M WALLRAFF, W WANG, C WANG, CR WANG, XL WANG, YF WANG, ZM WARNER, C WEBER, A WEBER, J WEILL, R WENAUS, TJ WENNINGER, J WHITE, M WILLMOTT, C WITTGENSTEIN, F WRIGHT, D WU, SX WYNHOFF, S WYSLOUCH, B XIE, YY XU, JG XU, ZZ XUE, ZL YAN, DS YANG, BZ YANG, CG YANG, G YE, CH YE, JB YE, Q YEH, SC YIN, ZW YOU, JM YUNUS, N YZERMAN, M ZACCARDELLI, C ZAITSEV, N ZEMP, P ZENG, M ZENG, Y ZHANG, DH ZHANG, ZP ZHOU, B ZHOU, GJ ZHOU, JF ZHU, RY ZICHICHI, A VANDERZWAAN, BCC AF ADRIANI, O AGUILARBENITZ, M AHLEN, S ALCARAZ, J ALOISIO, A ALVERSON, G ALVIGGI, MG AMBROSI, G AN, Q ANDERHUB, H ANDERSON, AL ANDREEV, VP ANGELESCU, T ANTONOV, L ANTREASYAN, D ARCE, P AREFIEV, A ATAMANCHUK, A AZEMOON, T AZIZ, T BABA, PVKS BAGNAIA, P BAKKEN, JA BALL, RC BANERJEE, S BAO, J BARILLERE, R BARONE, L BASCHIROTTO, A BATTISTON, R BAY, A BECATTINI, F BECHTLUFT, J BECKER, R BECKER, U BEHNER, F BEHRENS, J BENCZE, GL BERDUGO, J BERGES, P BERTUCCI, B BETEV, BL BIASINI, M BILAND, A BILEI, GM BIZZARRI, R BLAISING, JJ BOBBINK, GJ BOCK, R BOHM, A BORGIA, B BOSETTI, M BOURILKOV, D BOURQUIN, M BOUTIGNY, D BOUWENS, B BRAMBILLA, E BRANSON, JG BROCK, IC BROOKS, M BUJAK, A BURGER, JD BURGER, WJ BUSENITZ, J BUYTENHUIJS, A CAI, XD CAPELL, M CARIA, M CARLINO, G CARTACCI, AM CASTELLO, R CERRADA, M CESARONI, F CHANG, YH CHATURVEDI, UK CHEMARIN, M CHEN, A CHEN, C CHEN, G CHEN, GM CHEN, HF CHEN, HS CHEN, M CHEN, WY CHIEFARI, G CHIEN, CY CHOI, MT CHUNG, S CIVININI, C CLARE, I CLARE, R COAN, TE COHN, HO COIGNET, G COLINO, N CONTIN, A COSTANTINI, S COTOROBAI, F CUI, XT CUI, XY DAI, TS DALESSANDRO, R DEASMUNDIS, R DEGRE, A DEITERS, K DENES, E DENES, P DENOTARISTEFANI, F DHINA, M DIBITONTO, D DIEMOZ, M DIMITROV, HR DIONISI, C DITTMAR, M DJAMBAZOV, L DOVA, MT DRAGO, E DUCHESNEAU, D DUINKER, P DURAN, I EASO, S ELMAMOUNI, H ENGLER, A EPPLING, FJ ERNE, FC EXTERMANN, P FABBRETTI, R FABRE, M FALCIANO, S FAN, SJ FACKLER, O FAY, J FELCINI, M FERGUSON, T FERNANDEZ, D FERNANDEZ, G FERRONI, F FESEFELDT, H FIANDRINI, E FIELD, JH FILTHAUT, F FISHER, PH FORCONI, G FREDJ, L FREUDENREICH, K FRIEBEL, W FUKUSHIMA, M GAILLOUD, M GALAKTIONOV, Y GALLO, E GANGULI, SN GARCIAABIA, P GELE, D GENTILE, S GHEORDANESCU, N GIAGU, S GOLDFARB, S GONG, ZF GONZALEZ, E GOUGAS, A GOUJON, D GRATTA, G GRUENEWALD, M GU, C GUANZIROLI, M GUO, JK GUPTA, VK GURTU, A GUSTAFSON, HR GUTAY, LJ HANGARTER, K HARTMANN, B HASAN, A HAUSCHILDT, D HE, CF HE, JT HEBBEKER, T HEBERT, M HERVE, A HILGERS, K HOFER, H HOORANI, H HU, G HU, GQ ILLE, B ILYAS, MM INNOCENTE, V JANSSEN, H JEZEQUEL, S JIN, BN JONES, LW JOSAMUTUBERRIA, I KASSER, A KHAN, RA KAMYSHKOV, Y KAPINOS, P KAPUSTINSKY, JS KARYOTAKIS, Y KAUR, M KHOKHAR, S KIENZLEFOCACCI, MN KIM, JK KIM, SC KIM, YG KINNISON, WW KIRKBY, A KIRKBY, D KIRSCH, S KITTEL, W KLIMENTOV, A KLOCKNER, R KONIG, AC KOFFEMAN, E KORNADT, O KOUTSENKO, V KOULBARDIS, A KRAEMER, RW KRAMER, T KRASTEV, VR KRENZ, W KRIVSHICH, A KUIJTEN, H KUMAR, KS KUNIN, A LANDI, G LANSKE, D LANZANO, S LEBEDEV, A LEBRUN, P LECOMTE, P LECOQ, P LECOULTRE, P LEE, DM LEE, JS LEE, KY LEEDOM, I LEGGETT, C LEGOFF, JM LEISTE, R LENTI, M LEONARDI, E LI, C LI, HT LI, PJ LIAO, JY LIN, WT LIN, ZY LINDE, FL LINDEMANN, B LISTA, L LIU, Y LOHMANN, W LONGO, E LU, YS LUBBERS, JM LUBELSMEYER, K LUCI, C LUCKEY, D LUDOVICI, L LUMINARI, L LUSTERMANN, W MA, JM MA, WG MACDERMOTT, M MALIK, R MALININ, A MANA, C MAOLINBAY, M MARCHESINI, P MARION, F MARIN, A MARTIN, JP MARTINEZLASO, L MARZANO, F MASSARO, GGG MAZUMDAR, K MCBRIDE, P MCMAHON, T MCNALLY, D MERK, M MEROLA, L MESCHINI, M METZGER, WJ MI, Y MIHUL, A MILLS, GB MIR, Y MIRABELLI, G MNICH, J MOLLER, M MONTELEONI, B MORAND, R MORGANTI, S MOULAI, NE MOUNT, R MULLER, S NADTOCHY, A NAGY, E NAPOLITANO, M NESSITEDALDI, F NEWMAN, H NEYER, C NIAZ, MA NIPPE, A NOWAK, H ORGANTINI, G PANDOULAS, D PAOLETTI, S PAOLUCCI, P PASCALE, G PASSALEVA, G PATRICELLI, S PAUL, T PAULUZZI, M PAUS, C PAUSS, F PEI, YJ PENSOTTI, S PERRETGALLIX, D PERRIER, J PEVSNER, A PICCOLO, D PIERI, M PIROUE, PA PLASIL, F PLYASKIN, V POHL, M POJIDAEV, V POSTEMA, H QI, ZD QIAN, JM QURESHI, KN RAGHAVAN, R RAHALCALLOT, G RANCOITA, PG RATTAGGI, M RAVEN, G RAZIS, P READ, K REN, D REN, Z RESCIGNO, M REUCROFT, S RICKER, A RIEMANN, S RIEMERS, BC RILES, K RIND, O RIZVI, HA RO, S RODRIGUEZ, FJ ROE, BP ROHNER, M ROMERO, L ROSIERLEES, S ROSMALEN, R ROSSELET, P VANROSSUM, W ROTH, S RUBBIA, A RUBIO, JA RYKACZEWSKI, H SACHWITZ, M SALICIO, J SALICIO, JM SANDERS, GS SANTOCCHIA, A SARAKINOS, MS SARTORELLI, G SASSOWSKY, M SAUVAGE, G SCHEGELSKY, V SCHMITZ, D SCHMITZ, P SCHNEEGANS, M SCHOPPER, H SCHOTANUS, DJ SHOTKIN, S SCHREIBER, HJ SHUKLA, J SCHULTE, R SCHULTE, S SCHULTZE, K SCHWENKE, J SCHWERING, G SCIACCA, C SCOTT, I SEHGAL, R SEILER, PG SENS, JC SERVOLI, L SHEER, I SHEN, DZ SHEVCHENKO, S SHI, XR SHUMILOV, E SHOUTKO, V SON, D SOPCZAK, A SOULIMOV, V SPARTIOTIS, C SPICKERMANN, T SPILLANTINI, P STAROSTA, R STEUER, M STICKLAND, DP STICOZZI, F STONE, H STRAUCH, K STRINGFELLOW, BC SUDHAKAR, K SULTANOV, G SUN, LZ SUSINNO, GF SUTER, H SWAIN, JD SYED, AA TANG, XW TAYLOR, L TERZI, G TING, SCC TING, SM TONUTTI, M TONWAR, SC TOTH, J TSAREGORODTSEV, A TSIPOLITIS, G TULLY, C TUNG, KL ULBRICHT, J URBAN, L UWER, U VALENTE, E VANDEWALLE, RT VETLITSKY, I VIERTEL, G VIKAS, P VIKAS, U VIVARGENT, M VOGEL, H VOGT, H VOROBIEV, I VOROBYOV, AA VUILLEUMIER, L WADHWA, M WALLRAFF, W WANG, C WANG, CR WANG, XL WANG, YF WANG, ZM WARNER, C WEBER, A WEBER, J WEILL, R WENAUS, TJ WENNINGER, J WHITE, M WILLMOTT, C WITTGENSTEIN, F WRIGHT, D WU, SX WYNHOFF, S WYSLOUCH, B XIE, YY XU, JG XU, ZZ XUE, ZL YAN, DS YANG, BZ YANG, CG YANG, G YE, CH YE, JB YE, Q YEH, SC YIN, ZW YOU, JM YUNUS, N YZERMAN, M ZACCARDELLI, C ZAITSEV, N ZEMP, P ZENG, M ZENG, Y ZHANG, DH ZHANG, ZP ZHOU, B ZHOU, GJ ZHOU, JF ZHU, RY ZICHICHI, A VANDERZWAAN, BCC TI MEASUREMENT OF ETA(C) PRODUCTION IN UNTAGGED 2-PHOTON COLLISIONS AT LEP SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID CHARMONIUM AB A study of twelve distinct decay channels of the eta(c) has been performed with the L3 detector at LEP, for an integrated luminosity of 30 pb-1. Summing all channels, 28 candidate events have been identified, with an estimated background of 11 events. The two-photon radiative width is evaluated to be GAMMA(gammagamma) (eta(c)) = 8.0 +/- 2.3 +/- 2.4 keV. C1 RHEIN WESTFAL TH AACHEN, INST PHYS 1, W-5100 AACHEN, GERMANY. RHEIN WESTFAL TH AACHEN, INST PHYS 3, W-5100 AACHEN, GERMANY. NIKHEF, NATL INST HIGH ENERGY PHYS, 1009 DB AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS. UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA. LAB ANNECY LE VIEUX PHYS PARTICULES, CNRS, IN2P3, F-74941 ANNECY LE VIEUX, FRANCE. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, BALTIMORE, MD 21218 USA. INST HIGH ENERGY PHYS, BEIJING 100039, PEOPLES R CHINA. INFN, SEZ BOLOGNA, I-40126 BOLOGNA, ITALY. BOSTON UNIV, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA. TATA INST FUNDAMENTAL RES, BOMBAY 400005, INDIA. NORTHEASTERN UNIV, BOSTON, MA 02115 USA. INST ATOM PHYS, R-76900 BUCHAREST, ROMANIA. UNIV BUCHAREST, R-76900 BUCHAREST, ROMANIA. HUNGARIAN ACAD SCI, CENT RES INST PHYS, H-1525 BUDAPEST 114, HUNGARY. HARVARD UNIV, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA. CERN, EUROPEAN LAB PARTICLE PHYS, CH-1211 GENEVA 23, SWITZERLAND. MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA. UNIV FLORENCE, I-50125 FLORENCE, ITALY. WORLD LAB, FBLJA PROJECT, CH-1211 GENEVA 23, SWITZERLAND. CHINESE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, HEFEI 230029, PEOPLES R CHINA. UNIV FLORENCE, I-50125 FLORENCE, ITALY. UNIV GENEVA, CH-1211 GENEVA 4, SWITZERLAND. UNIV LAUSANNE, CH-1015 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87544 USA. UNIV LYON 1, INST PHYS NUCL LYON, CNRS, IN2P3, F-69622 VILLEURBANNE, FRANCE. CTR INVEST ENERGET MEDIOAMBIENTALES & TECNOL, E-28040 MADRID, SPAIN. INFN, SEZ MILANO, I-20133 MILAN, ITALY. MOSCOW THEORET & EXPTL PHYS INST, MOSCOW, RUSSIA. INFN, SEZ NAPOLI, I-80125 NAPLES, ITALY. UNIV NAPLES, I-80125 NAPLES, ITALY. UNIV CYPRUS, DEPT NAT SCI, NICOSIA, CYPRUS. UNIV NYMEGEN, 6525 ED NIJMEGEN, NETHERLANDS. NATL INST NUCL PHYS & HIGH ENERGY PHYS, 6525 ED NIJMEGEN, NETHERLANDS. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. CALTECH, PASADENA, CA 91125 USA. INFN, SEZ PERUGIA, I-06100 PERUGIA, ITALY. CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213 USA. UNIV PERUGIA, I-06100 PERUGIA, ITALY. PRINCETON UNIV, PRINCETON, NJ 08544 USA. INFN, SEZ ROMA, I-00185 ROME, ITALY. ST PETERSBURG NUCL PHYS INST, ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA. UNIV ROMA LA SAPIENZA, I-00185 ROME, ITALY. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA. UNIV SANTIAGO, DEPT FIS PARTICULAS ELEMENTALES, E-15706 SANTIAGO, SPAIN. SHANGHAI INST CERAM, SHANGHAI, PEOPLES R CHINA. BULGARIAN ACAD SCI, INST MECHATRON, BU-1113 SOFIA, BULGARIA. KOREA ADV INST SCI & TECHNOL, CTR HIGH ENERGY PHYS, TAEJON 305701, SOUTH KOREA. UNIV ALABAMA, TUSCALOOSA, AL 35486 USA. PURDUE UNIV, W LAFAYETTE, IN 47907 USA. PAUL SCHERRER INST, CH-5232 VILLIGEN, SWITZERLAND. DESY, INST HOCHENERGIEPHYS, O-1615 ZEUTHEN, GERMANY. SWISS FED INST TECHNOL, CH-8093 ZURICH, SWITZERLAND. UNIV HAMBURG, W-2000 HAMBURG 13, GERMANY. HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS GRP, TAIWAR, PEOPLES R CHINA. RP ADRIANI, O (reprint author), INFN, SEZ FIRENZE, I-50125 FLORENCE, ITALY. RI van der Zwaan, Bob/F-4070-2015; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/F-5897-2015; Duran, Ignacio/H-7254-2015; rodriguez calonge, francisco javier/H-9682-2015; Rancoita, Pier Giorgio/J-9896-2015; Hoorani, Hafeez/D-1791-2013; Arce, Pedro/L-1268-2014; Roth, Stefan/J-2757-2016; Fiandrini, Emanuele/C-4549-2008; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Ludovici, Lucio/F-5917-2011; Servoli, Leonello/E-6766-2012; bertucci, bruna/J-5237-2012; Cerrada, Marcos/J-6934-2014; Josa, Isabel/K-5184-2014; Gonzalez Romero, Enrique/L-7561-2014; Vogel, Helmut/N-8882-2014; Ferguson, Thomas/O-3444-2014; Berdugo, Javier/A-2858-2015 OI van der Zwaan, Bob/0000-0001-5871-7643; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/0000-0001-7997-0306; Rancoita, Pier Giorgio/0000-0002-1990-4283; Arce, Pedro/0000-0003-3009-0484; Roth, Stefan/0000-0003-3616-2223; Ludovici, Lucio/0000-0003-1970-9960; Servoli, Leonello/0000-0003-1725-9185; Cerrada, Marcos/0000-0003-0112-1691; Gonzalez Romero, Enrique/0000-0003-2376-8920; Vogel, Helmut/0000-0002-6109-3023; Ferguson, Thomas/0000-0001-5822-3731; Berdugo, Javier/0000-0002-7911-8532 NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD DEC 9 PY 1993 VL 318 IS 3 BP 575 EP 582 DI 10.1016/0370-2693(93)91558-5 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA MK547 UT WOS:A1993MK54700028 ER PT J AU CHALMERS, SA KILLEEN, KP AF CHALMERS, SA KILLEEN, KP TI REAL-TIME CONTROL OF MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY BY OPTICAL-BASED FLUX MONITORING SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We have developed a real-time molecular beam epitaxy control system based on Al and Ga atomic beam resonant absorption of hollow cathode lamp emission. By continuously monitoring the absorption of Al and Ga beams during growth, this system accurately determines instantaneous growth rates and then integrates these over time to determine layer thickness. This information is used in real time for effusion cell shutter (and hence layer thickness) control. The accuracy and flexibility of this system is demonstrated here by growing AlAs/GaAs distributed Bragg reflectors with consistent layer thicknesses even though effusion cell temperatures were intentionally varied. In each instance the system automatically detected and compensated for the different growth rates, resulting in DBRs with center wavelengths controlled to within 0.3% of the target wavelength. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. NR 8 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 6 PY 1993 VL 63 IS 23 BP 3131 EP 3133 DI 10.1063/1.110788 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA ML096 UT WOS:A1993ML09600009 ER PT J AU ZOLPER, JC SCHNEIDER, RP LOTT, JA AF ZOLPER, JC SCHNEIDER, RP LOTT, JA TI FORMATION OF HIGH-RESISTIVITY REGIONS IN P-TYPE AL0.5IN0.5P BY ION-IMPLANTATION SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Ion implantation has been applied to magnesium-doped Al0.5In0.5P to produce high resistivity regions for the first time. Hydrogen, oxygen, and argon ions were implanted at a base dose ranging from 5 X 10(12) to 5 X 10(14) CM-2 and annealed from 400 to 900-degrees-C. Hydrogen did not appreciably compensate the In0.5Al0.5P layer while oxygen and argon produced sheet resistances up to 1 X 10(9) OMEGA/square. After annealing at 800-degrees-C, regions with high dose oxygen implants maintained a sheet resistance above 1 X 10(7) OMEGA/square, while regions with high dose argon implants recovered most of the unimplanted conductivity. RP ZOLPER, JC (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 6 PY 1993 VL 63 IS 23 BP 3161 EP 3163 DI 10.1063/1.110235 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA ML096 UT WOS:A1993ML09600019 ER PT J AU EROKHIN, YN HONG, F PRAMANICK, S ROZGONYI, GA PATNAIK, BK WHITE, CW AF EROKHIN, YN HONG, F PRAMANICK, S ROZGONYI, GA PATNAIK, BK WHITE, CW TI SPATIALLY CONFINED NICKEL DISILICIDE FORMATION AT 400 DEGREES-C ON ION-IMPLANTATION PREAMORPHIZED SILICON SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AMORPHOUS-SILICON; CRYSTALLIZATION AB The localized formation of continuous silicide layers via solid state reaction of nickel atoms with ion implantation preamorphized silicon is described. Ni films 12 nm thick were evaporated on 65 nm deep amorphized surface layers. The silicidation reaction was induced by two stage thermal annealing at 360 and 400-degrees-C, well below the solid phase epitaxial regrowth temperature for amorphous Si and the normal NiSi2 formation temperature. Rutherford backscattering with channeling, XTEM, and four-point-probe measurements were used to determine the structure, interfacial morphology, composition, and resistivity of the silicide films. After the lower temperature annealing stage a continuous layer of NiSi2 is formed with an underlying residual amorphous region located above the crystalline substrate. During a second annealing the residual amorphous areas recrystallize epitaxially with respect to the substrate via lateral silicide growth. The process leads to formation of a continuous 35 nm thick nickel disilicide layer completely confined within the original amorphous region. Silicide resistivity was 44 muOMEGA cm. The process may be viewed as a low-temperature process enhancement to self-aligned silicide (SALICIDE) technology since silicide growth proceeds only on preamorphized areas of the silicon substrate. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,RALEIGH,NC 27695. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. CHERNOGOLOVKA MICROELECTR TECHNOL INST,CHERNOGOLOVKA 142432,RUSSIA. RP EROKHIN, YN (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 6 PY 1993 VL 63 IS 23 BP 3173 EP 3175 DI 10.1063/1.110214 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA ML096 UT WOS:A1993ML09600023 ER PT J AU GHIORSO, A SEABORG, GT AF GHIORSO, A SEABORG, GT TI TRANSFERMIUM DISCORD SO CHEMISTRY & INDUSTRY LA English DT Letter RP GHIORSO, A (reprint author), LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC CHEMICAL INDUSTRY PI LONDON PA 14 BELGRAVE SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND SW1X 8PS SN 0009-3068 J9 CHEM IND-LONDON JI Chem. Ind. PD DEC 6 PY 1993 IS 23 BP 922 EP 922 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Applied SC Chemistry GA MK752 UT WOS:A1993MK75200004 ER PT J AU HU, Y YING, XG WU, DT PRAUSNITZ, JM AF HU, Y YING, XG WU, DT PRAUSNITZ, JM TI LIQUID-LIQUID EQUILIBRIA FOR SOLUTIONS OF POLYDISPERSE POLYMERS - CONTINUOUS THERMODYNAMICS FOR THE CLOSE-PACKED LATTICE MODEL SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID CLOUD-POINT CURVES; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; MIXTURES; SYSTEMS AB A continuous thermodynamic framework is presented for phase-equilibrium calculations for solutions of polydisperse polymers. An expression for the Helmholtz function of mixing is based on a mathematically simplified Freed model developed previously. A binary mixture requires a size parameter c(r) and an energy parameter epsilon; the former can be temperature dependent, while the latter can depend on temperature and chain length. The functional approach is adopted to define thermodynamic functions and to derive expressions for chemical potentials, spinodals, and critical points. Computation programs are established for cloud-point-curve, shadow-curve, spinodal, and critical-point calculations for polymer solutions where the molecular-mass distribution of the polymer is specified. Examples for phase-equilibrium calculations are shown for cyclohexane-polydisperse polystyrene systems. Satisfactory results indicate the utility of the proposed framework and the computation procedures. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT CHEM ENGN,BERKELEY,CA 94720. E CHINA UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,THERMODYNAM RES LAB,SHANGHAI 200237,PEOPLES R CHINA. DUPONT CO INC,MARSHALL LAB,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19146. LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV CHEM SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 28 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD DEC 6 PY 1993 VL 26 IS 25 BP 6817 EP 6823 DI 10.1021/ma00077a018 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA ML329 UT WOS:A1993ML32900018 ER PT J AU DEMING, TJ NOVAK, BM AF DEMING, TJ NOVAK, BM TI PREPARATION AND REACTIVITY STUDIES OF HIGHLY VERSATILE, NICKEL-BASED POLYMERIZATION CATALYST SYSTEMS SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID DESIGN C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, DEPT CHEM, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, CTR ADV MAT, DIV MAT & CHEM SCI, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. RI Deming, Timothy/I-5411-2013; OI Deming, Timothy/0000-0002-0594-5025 NR 26 TC 71 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD DEC 6 PY 1993 VL 26 IS 25 BP 7089 EP 7091 DI 10.1021/ma00077a059 PG 3 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA ML329 UT WOS:A1993ML32900059 ER PT J AU DEMING, TJ NOVAK, BM AF DEMING, TJ NOVAK, BM TI USE OF COPOLYMERIZATION PHENOMENA IN MECHANISTIC STUDIES - MONOMER SUBSTITUENT EFFECTS IN NICKEL-CATALYZED ISOCYANIDE POLYMERIZATIONS SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID POLYISOCYANIDES C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, DEPT CHEM, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, CTR ADV MAT, DIV MAT SCI, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. RI Deming, Timothy/I-5411-2013; OI Deming, Timothy/0000-0002-0594-5025 NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD DEC 6 PY 1993 VL 26 IS 25 BP 7092 EP 7094 DI 10.1021/ma00077a060 PG 3 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA ML329 UT WOS:A1993ML32900060 ER PT J AU YANG, BR SCHAFER, KJ WALKER, B KULANDER, KC AGOSTINI, P DIMAURO, LF AF YANG, BR SCHAFER, KJ WALKER, B KULANDER, KC AGOSTINI, P DIMAURO, LF TI INTENSITY-DEPENDENT SCATTERING RINGS IN HIGH-ORDER ABOVE-THRESHOLD IONIZATION SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; ATOMS; FIELD AB Angular distributions of high energy photoelectrons from Xe and Kr, excited by a 50 ps, 1.05 mum laser, are presented. In Xe, strong, narrow rings approximately 45-degrees off the polarization axis appear in a limited energy range centered around 9U(p), where U(p) is the ponderomotive energy. This effect is much weaker in Kr. Single active electron calculations agree well with these observations. We conclude that the rings result from single-electron ionization dynamics, most likely involving rescattering from the ion core of the tunneling component of the continuum wave function. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. CENS,SERV RECH SURFACES & IRRADIAT MAT,F-91191 GIF SUR YVETTE,FRANCE. RP YANG, BR (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. RI Walker, Barry/F-8532-2011 NR 15 TC 211 Z9 217 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 6 PY 1993 VL 71 IS 23 BP 3770 EP 3773 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.3770 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA MK964 UT WOS:A1993MK96400009 ER PT J AU NISAMANEEPHONG, P ZHANG, LZ MA, M AF NISAMANEEPHONG, P ZHANG, LZ MA, M TI GAUSSIAN THEORY OF SUPERFLUID BOSE-GLASS PHASE-TRANSITION SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTOR-INSULATOR TRANSITION; REAL-SPACE RENORMALIZATION; DIRTY BOSONS; LOCALIZATION; CONDENSATION; ONSET; LIMIT; MODEL AB We show that Gaussian quantum fluctuations, even if infinitesimal, are sufficient to destroy the superfluidity of a disordered boson system in 1D and 2D. The critical disorder is thus finite no matter how small the repulsion is between particles. Within the Gaussian approximation, we study the nature of the elementary excitations, including their density of states and mobility edge transition. We give the Gaussian exponent eta at criticality in 1D and show that its ratio to eta of the pure system is universal. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, KNOXVILLE, TN 37996 USA. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, DIV SOLID STATE, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. HONG KONG UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, DEPT PHYS, KOWLOON, HONG KONG. RP UNIV CINCINNATI, DEPT PHYS, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 USA. NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 6 PY 1993 VL 71 IS 23 BP 3830 EP 3833 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.3830 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA MK964 UT WOS:A1993MK96400024 ER PT J AU AMUSIA, MY AF AMUSIA, MY TI ON THE MECHANISM OF THE SMOOTH INCREASE OF THE MEAN ION CHARGE IN AR PHOTOIONIZATION NEAR THE K-EDGE SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article AB It is demonstrated, that the Auger decay of the virtually created ls vacancy can explain semi-quantitatively the experimentally observed (by Doppelfeld et al. [J.Phys. B26 (1993) 445]) increase of the mean charge of the ions, produced in the photoionization of Ar close but below the 1 s threshold. RP AMUSIA, MY (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV PHYS,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. RI Amusia, Miron/K-7726-2014 NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD DEC 6 PY 1993 VL 183 IS 2-3 BP 201 EP 204 DI 10.1016/0375-9601(93)91170-A PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA ML637 UT WOS:A1993ML63700012 ER PT J AU DORIN, VV AF DORIN, VV TI MAGNETORESISTANCE OF LAYERED CONDUCTORS SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS AB The conductivity of a layered conductor in the weak localization regime is calculated. In the a-b plane dimensional crossover from the 2D to 3D regimes and in c-direction from the 0D to 3D regimes with decreasing temperature is found. In a magnetic field applied perpendicular to the layers, the quantum correction to the conductivity is suppressed. The resulting negative magnetoresistance exhibits various types of dependences. At low fields it is always proportional to H-2. At a large magnetic field the behavior changes to square-root H and then to log H for the longitudinal component of the resistivity. For the transverse magnetoresistance with an increasing field, the dependence becomes square-root H and then saturates. RP DORIN, VV (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB, DIV MAT SCI, 9700 S CASS AVE, ARGONNE, IL 60439 USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD DEC 6 PY 1993 VL 183 IS 2-3 BP 233 EP 237 DI 10.1016/0375-9601(93)91176-6 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA ML637 UT WOS:A1993ML63700018 ER PT J AU VERONESE, FD REITZ, MS GUPTA, G ROBERTGUROFF, M BOYERTHOMPSON, C LOUIE, A GALLO, RC LUSSO, P AF VERONESE, FD REITZ, MS GUPTA, G ROBERTGUROFF, M BOYERTHOMPSON, C LOUIE, A GALLO, RC LUSSO, P TI LOSS OF A NEUTRALIZING EPITOPE BY A SPONTANEOUS POINT MUTATION IN THE V3 LOOP OF HIV-1 ISOLATED FROM AN INFECTED LABORATORY WORKER SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEIN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; HTLV-III; TYPE-1; DETERMINANT; GENERATION; RESISTANT; PEPTIDES AB The third hypervariable region, or V3 loop, represents the principal neutralizing domain of the gp120 envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Sequential viral isolates from a laboratory worker (LW) accidentally infected with HIV-1IIIB in 1985 were analyzed using type-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibodies directed to the V3 loop. A single amino acid substitution, Ala --> Thr at position 21 in the V3 loop of HIV-1LW isolated in 1987, was shown to determine the loss of the neutralizing epitope recognized by one of the monoclonal antibodies (M77). However, this antibody efficiently recognized linear V3 loop peptides containing either the Ala or Thr residue at position 21, indicating that a local change in conformation was responsible for the epitope loss in the native gp120. Molecular modeling studies, experimentally supported by different amino acid replacements at position 21, indicated that the Ala --> Thr substitution leads to a drastic change in the domain of the V3 loop, which contains the complementary surface for antibody binding. These results provide evidence for the first time that a conformation-dependent epitope within the V3 loop of HIV-1 is involved in the generation of neutralization escape mutants in vivo. C1 NCI,TUMOR CELL BIOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,THEORET BIOL & BIOPHYS GRP,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP VERONESE, FD (reprint author), ADV BIOSCI LABS INC,DEPT CELL BIOL,KENSINGTON,MD 20895, USA. NR 28 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD DEC 5 PY 1993 VL 268 IS 34 BP 25894 EP 25901 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA MK100 UT WOS:A1993MK10000087 ER PT J AU JAP, B PUHLER, G LUCKE, H TYPKE, D LOWE, J STOCK, D HUBER, R BAUMEISTER, W AF JAP, B PUHLER, G LUCKE, H TYPKE, D LOWE, J STOCK, D HUBER, R BAUMEISTER, W TI PRELIMINARY-X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STUDY OF THE PROTEASOME FROM THERMOPLASMA-ACIDOPHILUM SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Note DE PROTEIN DEGRADATION; PROTEASOME; MULTICATALYTIC PROTEINASE; ARCHAEBACTERIA; X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY ID MULTICATALYTIC PROTEINASE; COMPLEX; SUBUNIT C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP JAP, B (reprint author), MAX PLANCK INST BIOCHEM,D-82152 MARTINSRIED,GERMANY. RI Lowe, Jan/B-3882-2011; Luecke, Hartmut "Hudel"/F-4712-2012 OI Luecke, Hartmut "Hudel"/0000-0002-4938-0775 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM36884] NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD DEC 5 PY 1993 VL 234 IS 3 BP 881 EP 884 DI 10.1006/jmbi.1993.1633 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA MK799 UT WOS:A1993MK79900027 PM 8254679 ER PT J AU JAGUST, WJ EBERLING, JL RICHARDSON, BC REED, BR BAKER, MG NORDAHL, TE BUDINGER, TF AF JAGUST, WJ EBERLING, JL RICHARDSON, BC REED, BR BAKER, MG NORDAHL, TE BUDINGER, TF TI THE CORTICAL TOPOGRAPHY OF TEMPORAL-LOBE HYPOMETABOLISM IN EARLY ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ALZHEIMERS DISEASE; PET; GLUCOSE METABOLISM; BEHAVIOR; DEMENTIA ID POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; CHOLINE-ACETYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; ANTERIOR-POSTERIOR; GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; CEREBRAL-CORTEX; SENILE DEMENTIA; SYNAPSE LOSS; BLOOD-FLOW; BRAIN AB Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by a pathological process with specific predilection for association neocortex and the mesial temporal lobes. Recently developed high-resolution positron emission tomographs (PET) are able to quantitate regional cerebral metabolic rates for glucose (rCMRglc) in these brain regions and map the distribution of the metabolic consequences of Alzheimer pathology. In order to evaluate the relative involvement of mesial and neocortical temporal lobe brain regions in AD, we studied 22 AD patients, II of whom were mildly demented and 11 of whom were moderately demented in comparison to 8 age-matched control subjects. We used a PET instrument with 2.6 mm in-plane resolution and quantitated rCMRglc in anterior, middle, and posterior temporal neocortex, visual association cortex, primary visual cortex, and mesial temporal cortex. Although the moderately demented AD patients showed significantly lower metabolic rates than controls in visual association cortex and all temporal lobe regions except right anterior temporal neocortex, the mildly demented patients were different from the controls in only middle temporal neocortex. Considerable variability was found in the relative involvement of mesial temporal lobes and temporal neocortex in the AD patients, however, as shown by greater variance of a ratio of mesial temporal lobe rCMRglc to temporal neocortical rCMRglc (MES/NEO ratio) in the AD patients than the controls. A series of stepwise multiple regressions showed that this ratio was related to patient cognitive symptomatology, with more severely memory-impaired patients showing lower MES/NEO ratios, while patients with visuospatial disturbances showed higher MES/NEO ratios. In addition, the only biological variable that was related to this ratio was patient age, with older patients showing lower MES/NEO ratios. These results indicate that mesial temporal lobe structures are not invariably the earliest nor the most severely metabolically involved brain regions in AD and that the relative involvement of the mesial and neocortical temporal lobe is related to the patient's cognitive symptoms and age. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,CTR ALZHEIMERS DIS,DAVIS,CA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,CTR FUNCT IMAGING,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT PSYCHIAT,DAVIS,CA. RP JAGUST, WJ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT NEUROL,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. RI Nordahl, Thomas/J-7643-2013 OI Nordahl, Thomas/0000-0002-8627-0356 FU NIA NIH HHS [AG07793, AG10129] NR 62 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8993 J9 BRAIN RES JI Brain Res. PD DEC 3 PY 1993 VL 629 IS 2 BP 189 EP 198 DI 10.1016/0006-8993(93)91320-R PG 10 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA MJ732 UT WOS:A1993MJ73200002 PM 8111623 ER PT J AU JANKOWSKI, AF STRATMAN, MP SEDILLO, EM HAYES, JP GALLEGOS, GF AF JANKOWSKI, AF STRATMAN, MP SEDILLO, EM HAYES, JP GALLEGOS, GF TI METASTABILITY OF YTTRIUM OXIDES SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY APR 19-23, 1993 CL SAN DIEGO, CA ID THIN-FILMS AB Metastable yttrium oxide films are synthesized using reactive sputter deposition. The yttrium concentration of the as-deposited film is found to vary as a function of the sputter deposition rate. In addition to the synthesis of the cubic equilibrium phase Y2O3, oxide compounds can be formed with 40-80 at.% Y. The crystalline state of the as-deposited film is dependent on the substrate temperature. A metastable, orthorhombic yttrium-rich oxide is formed on room temperature substrates. Substrates of Ta10W are coated with several micrometers of yttrium oxide. The stability of these yttrium oxide coatings is investigated as they are subjected to an atmospheric pressure of oxygen at an elevated temperature of 1773 K. The coatings and substrates are examined for the stability of the crystalline structure, composition, cracking, adhesion and corrosion. An yttrium-rich oxide coating is found to offer the best corrosion protection to the Ta10W substrate. RP JANKOWSKI, AF (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 808,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD DEC 3 PY 1993 VL 61 IS 1-3 BP 14 EP 19 DI 10.1016/0257-8972(93)90195-T PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA ML848 UT WOS:A1993ML84800004 ER PT J AU VARACALLE, DJ LUNDBERG, LB JACOX, MG HARTENSTINE, JR RIGGS, WL HERMAN, H BANCKE, GA AF VARACALLE, DJ LUNDBERG, LB JACOX, MG HARTENSTINE, JR RIGGS, WL HERMAN, H BANCKE, GA TI FABRICATION OF TUNGSTEN COATINGS AND MONOLITHS USING THE VACUUM PLASMA SPRAY PROCESS SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY APR 19-23, 1993 CL SAN DIEGO, CA AB Tungsten is used in space nuclear power and propulsion applications for heat pipes, nuclear fuel cladding, and radiation shields. In this study, heat pipes were fabricated by vacuum plasma spraying tungsten powder onto tungsten tubes made with the chemical vapor deposition process. Five experiments were conducted using a statistical design of experiment. The varied parameters included electrical current, secondary-to-primary gas flow ratio, and total flow. The coating attributes evaluated were thickness, porosity, microhardness, surface roughness, and grain structure. After the tungsten samples were thermal cycled in a vacuum, the coating qualities were evaluated with respect to the influence of the processing parameters. This work presents a parameter-property-performance relationship for the process and an optimized coating design predicted by the Taguchi analysis. C1 THERMACORE INC,LANCASTER,PA 17601. TUBAL CAIN CO,LOVELAND,OH 45140. SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT MAT SCI,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. RP VARACALLE, DJ (reprint author), EG&G IDAHO INC,IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415, USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD DEC 3 PY 1993 VL 61 IS 1-3 BP 79 EP 85 DI 10.1016/0257-8972(93)90206-4 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA ML848 UT WOS:A1993ML84800015 ER PT J AU MIAOU, SP LUM, H AF MIAOU, SP LUM, H TI MODELING VEHICLE ACCIDENTS AND HIGHWAY GEOMETRIC DESIGN RELATIONSHIPS SO ACCIDENT ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID POISSON REGRESSION; OVERDISPERSION; TESTS AB The statistical properties of four regression models-two conventional linear regression models and two Poisson regression models-are investigated in terms of their ability to model vehicle accidents and highway geometric design relationships. Potential limitations of these models pertaining to their underlying distributional assumptions, estimation procedures, functional form of accident rate, and sensitivity to short road sections, are identified. Important issues, such as the treatment of vehicle exposure and traffic conditions, and data uncertainties due to sampling and nonsampling errors. are also discussed. Roadway and truck accident data from the Highway Safety Information System (HSIS), a highway safety data base administered by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), have been employed to illustrate the use and the limitations of these models. It is demonstrated that the conventional linear regression models lack the distributional property to describe adequately random, discrete, nonnegative, and typically sporadic vehicle accident events on the road. As a result, these models are not appropriate to make probabilistic statements about vehicle accidents. and the test statistics derived from these models are questionable. The Poisson regression models, on the other hand, possess most of the desirable statistical properties in developing the relationships. However, if the vehicle accident data are found to be significantly overdispersed relative to its mean, then using the Poisson regression models may overstate or understate the likelihood of vehicle accidents on the road. More general probability distributions may have to be considered. C1 FED HIGHWAY ADM,OFF SAFETY & TRAFF OPERAT RES & DEV,TURNER FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RES CTR,MCLEAN,VA 22101. RP MIAOU, SP (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,CTR TRANSPORTAT ANAL,DIV ENERGY,POB 2008,MS 6366,BLDG 5500A,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 35 TC 177 Z9 183 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0001-4575 J9 ACCIDENT ANAL PREV JI Accid. Anal. Prev. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 25 IS 6 BP 689 EP 709 DI 10.1016/0001-4575(93)90034-T PG 21 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA MJ317 UT WOS:A1993MJ31700005 PM 8297437 ER PT J AU CODY, WJ COONEN, JT AF CODY, WJ COONEN, JT TI ALGORITHM-722 - FUNCTIONS TO SUPPORT THE IEEE-STANDARD-FOR-BINARY-FLOATING-POINT-ARITHMETIC SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE LA English DT Note DE COPYSIGN; FINITE; ISNAN; LOGB; MANIPULATIVE FUNCTIONS; NEXTAFTER; SCALB AB This paper describes C programs for the support functions copysign(x,y), logb(x), scalb(x,n), nextafter(x,y), finite(x), and isnan(x) recommended in the Appendix to the IEEE Standard for Binary Floating-Point Arithmetic. In the case of logb, the modified definition given in the later IEEE Standard for Radix-Independent Floating-Point Arithmetic is followed. These programs should run without modification on most systems conforming to the binary standard. RP CODY, WJ (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MATH & COMP SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 SN 0098-3500 J9 ACM T MATH SOFTWARE JI ACM Trans. Math. Softw. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 19 IS 4 BP 443 EP 451 DI 10.1145/168173.168185 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA MR970 UT WOS:A1993MR97000001 ER PT J AU JAUCH, W PALMER, A SCHULTZ, AJ AF JAUCH, W PALMER, A SCHULTZ, AJ TI SINGLE-CRYSTAL PULSED-NEUTRON DIFFRACTION FROM NIF2 AND FEF2 - THE EFFECT OF MAGNETIC ORDER ON THE FLUORINE POSITIONS SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B-STRUCTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Extended single-crystal data sets have been collected by means of pulsed neutron diffraction from NiF2 at 295, 80 and 15 K, and from FeF2 at 295 and 15 K to examine the effect of magnetic order on the fluorine nuclear positions. A predicted internal displacement has been validated in NiF2, whereas in FeF2 it could not be established unambiguously. The positional parameters are compared with those obtained from gamma-ray diffraction data, recorded from the same samples. In view of the excellent agreement there is no evidence for any polarization effects in the antiferromagnetic phase. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM,ARGONNE,IL 60439. ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP JAUCH, W (reprint author), HAHN MEITNER INST BERLIN GMBH,GLIENICKER STR 100,D-14109 BERLIN,GERMANY. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0108-7681 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR B JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. B-Struct. Commun. PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 49 BP 984 EP 987 DI 10.1107/S0108768193007414 PN 6 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA ML251 UT WOS:A1993ML25100009 ER PT J AU GIANNAKOPOULOS, AE BREDER, K OLSSON, M AF GIANNAKOPOULOS, AE BREDER, K OLSSON, M TI MICROCRACKING OF AN INTERNALLY PRESSURIZED CERAMIC RING .2. EXPERIMENTAL-OBSERVATIONS SO ACTA METALLURGICA ET MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; BRITTLE SOLIDS; TOUGHNESS; STRESS; PHASE AB In the present work some experimental observations of microcracking in alumina at room temperature are presented. The test configuration is an internally pressurized thick ring. Microcrack damage was found to localize and eventually build up a macrocrack. Extensive bridging and microcracking were observed in the vicinity of this damaged region. The key aspects of the successful observation of microcrack damage are the ring configuration and load, and appropriate grain size, and the fact that observations were done at loading. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, HIGH TEMP MAT LAB, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. RP GIANNAKOPOULOS, AE (reprint author), ROYAL INST TECHNOL, DEPT SOLID MECH, S-10044 STOCKHOLM 70, SWEDEN. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-7151 J9 ACTA METALL MATER JI Acta Metall. Mater. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 41 IS 12 BP 3535 EP 3539 DI 10.1016/0956-7151(93)90233-I PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA MD080 UT WOS:A1993MD08000019 ER PT J AU GENIN, FY MULLINS, WW WYNBLATT, P AF GENIN, FY MULLINS, WW WYNBLATT, P TI THE EFFECT OF STRESS ON GRAIN-BOUNDARY GROOVING SO ACTA METALLURGICA ET MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; CAPILLARY INSTABILITIES; ELECTROMIGRATION; LINES AB A theory of the effect of stress on grain boundary (GB) grooving is developed under the assumptions of matter transport by surface and GB diffusion, and steady-state diffusion in the GB. A uniaxial stress normal to a planar GB induces a flux at the GB root, out of (in to) the boundary for compression (tension), proportional to the stress. The corresponding solution is joined to that for thermal grooving at the surface using the continuity of chemical potential and of flux at the groove root. For planar geometry and small slopes, grooving under stress is described by a superposition of the solution for stress-free grooving and that generated by the stress-induced flux with no groove. Limits of the approximations are discussed. The analysis predicts an acceleration of grooving by a tensile stress and offers the possibility of an absolute measurement of the GB diffusion coefficient for mass transport. C1 CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV, DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213 USA. RP GENIN, FY (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. NR 15 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-7151 J9 ACTA METALL MATER JI Acta Metall. Mater. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 41 IS 12 BP 3541 EP 3547 DI 10.1016/0956-7151(93)90234-J PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA MD080 UT WOS:A1993MD08000020 ER PT J AU HSUEH, CH AF HSUEH, CH TI ANALYSES OF SLICE COMPRESSION TESTS FOR ALIGNED CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES SO ACTA METALLURGICA ET MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID EXPLORE INTERFACIAL MECHANICS; FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES; PULL-OUT STRESSES; SHEAR-STRENGTH; FRICTION; RESISTANCE; TI AB The application of slice compression tests to evaluate the interfacial properties of aligned ceramic matrix composites is addressed. A slice of the aligned composite, which is cut normal to the fiber, is subjected to a constant compressive stress and a constant compressive strain at the top and the bottom surfaces, respectively. The fiber protrusion length vs the applied stress relation during the loading-unloading cycle of the test is analyzed. The interfacial bonding, Coulomb friction at the debonded interface, Poisson's effect, and residual stresses are included in the analysis, and closed-form analytical solutions are obtained. Based on the analytical solutions, a methodology is established to extract the interfacial properties from experimental results. The roles of interfacial bonding, Poisson's effect, and residual stresses on the residual fiber protrusion after complete unloading are also addressed in the present study. RP HSUEH, CH (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, DIV MET & CERAM, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. RI Hsueh, Chun-Hway/G-1345-2011 NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-7151 J9 ACTA METALL MATER JI Acta Metall. Mater. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 41 IS 12 BP 3585 EP 3593 DI 10.1016/0956-7151(93)90239-O PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA MD080 UT WOS:A1993MD08000025 ER PT J AU STEIN, PR ZEMACH, C AF STEIN, PR ZEMACH, C TI SYMMETRICAL FUNCTION ALGEBRA ON A COMPUTER SO ADVANCES IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article RP STEIN, PR (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0196-8858 J9 ADV APPL MATH JI Adv. Appl. Math. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 14 IS 4 BP 430 EP 454 DI 10.1006/aama.1993.1022 PG 25 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA MJ863 UT WOS:A1993MJ86300005 ER PT J AU HAYS, ID AF HAYS, ID TI INTENSIVE TEACHER-TRAINING SO AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article RP HAYS, ID (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, CTR SCI EDUC, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 SN 0002-7812 J9 AM CERAM SOC BULL JI Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 72 IS 12 BP 105 EP 105 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA ML156 UT WOS:A1993ML15600013 ER PT J AU KIM, KJ JACKSON, JD AF KIM, KJ JACKSON, JD TI PROOF THAT THE NEUMANN GREENS-FUNCTION IN ELECTROSTATICS CAN BY SYMMETRIZED SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB We prove by construction that the Green's function satisfying the Neumann boundary conditions in electrostatic problems can be symmetrized. An illustrative example is given. RP KIM, KJ (reprint author), LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 61 IS 12 BP 1144 EP 1146 DI 10.1119/1.17311 PG 3 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA MK231 UT WOS:A1993MK23100014 ER PT J AU MCCRAY, PB BETTENCOURT, JD BASTACKY, J DENNING, GM WELSH, MJ AF MCCRAY, PB BETTENCOURT, JD BASTACKY, J DENNING, GM WELSH, MJ TI EXPRESSION OF CFTR AND A CAMP-STIMULATED CHLORIDE SECRETORY CURRENT IN CULTURED HUMAN FETAL ALVEOLAR EPITHELIAL-CELLS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS AIRWAY; ION-TRANSPORT; BIOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; II CELLS; APICAL MEMBRANE; LUNG LIQUID; LOCALIZATION; MONOLAYERS; CHANNELS AB During development the fetal lung secretes fluid that is osmotically linked to chloride (Cl-) transport. One possible pathway for Cl- secretion across the fetal pulmonary epithelium is through the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). CFTR is expressed in epithelia and functions as a Cl- channel regulated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase and intracellular ATP. Previous studies have shown that CFTR mRNA is expressed throughout the human fetal pulmonary epithelium and CFTR protein can be immunoprecipitated from human fetal lung homogenates. In cultured fetal lung tissue explants, CFTR mRNA was localized to alveolar epithelial cells. To test the hypothesis that fetal alveolar epithelial cells express functional CFTR, we immunolocalized CFTR in human fetal lung and looked for evidence of Cl- secretion in cultured alveolar epithelial cell monolayers. Monoclonal anti-CFTR antibodies localized CFTR in cultured lung explants to the epithelial cells, predominantly at the apical surface. Bioelectric properties of cultured monolayers of midgestation fetal alveolar epithelial cells were measured in modified Ussing chambers. In unstimulated monolayers, transepithelial electrical potential difference (Psi(t))= -1.1 +/- 0.1 mV, transepithelial resistance (R(t)) = 768 +/- 58 Omega.cm(2), and short-circuit current (I-sc) = 1.9 +/- 0.2 mu A/cm(2) (mean +/- SE, n = 17). Addition of amiloride to the apical surface significantly decreased basal I-sc. Apical diphenylamine-2-carboxylate (DPC), a Cl- channel inhibitor, caused no significant change in basal I-sc. In the presence of apical amiloride, isoproterenol significantly increased I-sc a response that was inhibited by apical DPC and submucosal bumetanide. The cAMP agonists forskolin and IBMX also stimulated I-sc. These results suggest that human fetal alveolar epithelial cells express CFTR, which mediates cAMP-stimulated transepithelial Cl- secretion. C1 UNIV IOWA,COLL MED,HOWARD HUGHES MED INST,DEPT PEDIAT & INTERNAL MED,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. UNIV IOWA,COLL MED,HOWARD HUGHES MED INST,DEPT PHYSIOL & BIOPHYS,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. CHILDRENS HOSP,OAKLAND RES INST,OAKLAND,CA 94609. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWERENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL02767-01] NR 43 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 1044-1549 J9 AM J RESP CELL MOL JI Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 9 IS 6 BP 578 EP 585 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System GA MN085 UT WOS:A1993MN08500002 PM 7504926 ER PT J AU MOYER, BA CASE, GN ALEXANDRATOS, SD KRIGER, AA AF MOYER, BA CASE, GN ALEXANDRATOS, SD KRIGER, AA TI EXTRACTION OF CU(II) FROM SULFURIC-ACID BY MACROCYCLE-SYNERGIZED CATION-EXCHANGE - COMPARING A NOVEL IMPREGNATED RESIN WITH ITS SOLVENT-EXTRACTION ANALOG SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-LIQUID-EXTRACTION; METAL-IONS; BIFUNCTIONAL POLYMERS; ETHER COMPLEXES; CROWN COMPOUNDS; SULFONIC-ACID; ALKALI-METAL; REAGENTS; SALTS; DINONYLNAPHTHALENE AB A novel extractive resin employing the tetradentate macrocyclic ionophore tetrathia-14-crown-4 (TT14C4) has been demonstrated via impregnation of strong-acid poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) cation-exchange beads. Following uptake of several weight percent TT14C4, the sulfonic acid resin exhibits a 10-100-fold enhancement in the cation-exchange extraction of Cu(II) as expressed by the Cu(II) distribution coefficient (D-Cu). Since extraction of Cu(II) by unfunctionalized poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) impregnated with TT14C4 was too low to be detectable, the enhancement in cation exchange may be attributed to a synergistic effect involving coordination of the Cu(II) by the mobile macrocycle and cation exchange by the immobile sulfonic acid groups. This is the first demonstration of synergism in a solvent-impregnated resin involving a functionalized support. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT CHEM,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. RP MOYER, BA (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Solominow, Sonia/A-4021-2008; Moyer, Bruce/L-2744-2016 OI Moyer, Bruce/0000-0001-7484-6277 NR 44 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 65 IS 23 BP 3389 EP 3395 DI 10.1021/ac00071a010 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA MK053 UT WOS:A1993MK05300014 ER PT J AU RAMSEY, RS GOERINGER, DE MCLUCKEY, SA AF RAMSEY, RS GOERINGER, DE MCLUCKEY, SA TI ACTIVE-CHEMICAL BACKGROUND-NOISE REDUCTION IN CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS/ION TRAP MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Letter ID ELECTROSPRAY IONIZATION INTERFACE; ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS; ION TRAP; PEPTIDES C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ANALYT CHEM,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RI McLuckey, Scott/B-2203-2009 OI McLuckey, Scott/0000-0002-1648-5570 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM45372] NR 24 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 65 IS 23 BP 3521 EP 3524 DI 10.1021/ac00071a033 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA MK053 UT WOS:A1993MK05300037 PM 8297034 ER PT J AU SZPIRO, AA PROTOPOPESCU, V AF SZPIRO, AA PROTOPOPESCU, V TI PARABOLIC-SYSTEMS WITH COMPETITIVE INTERACTIONS AND CONTROL ON INITIAL CONDITIONS SO APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article AB We consider a two-dimensional parabolic system with general competitive interactions as a two-player game with conflicting objectives. The controls are on the initial conditions. We demonstrate the existence of an optimal solution of the game as the saddle point for a suitably defined objective functional. The saddle point is the solution to an optimality system solved by a constructive convergence scheme. RP SZPIRO, AA (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENGN PHYS & MATH,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0096-3003 J9 APPL MATH COMPUT JI Appl. Math. Comput. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 59 IS 2-3 BP 215 EP 245 DI 10.1016/0096-3003(93)90090-2 PG 31 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA MQ651 UT WOS:A1993MQ65100008 ER PT J AU SILFVAST, WT CEGLIO, NM AF SILFVAST, WT CEGLIO, NM TI INTRODUCTION TO SPECIAL ISSUE OF APPLIED OPTICS ON SOFT-X-RAY PROJECTION LITHOGRAPHY SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB This special issue contains a collection of papers describing results that were presented at the Second Topical Meeting on Soft-X-Ray Projection Lithography sponsored by the Optical Society of America and held 6-8 April 1992 in Monterey, California, along with several additional papers submitted after that meeting. These papers are being published in this collection to make them readily available to a larger audience than would normally occur with a proceedings and also to take advantage of the critical review process. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, ADV MICROTECH PROGRAM OFF, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. RP SILFVAST, WT (reprint author), UNIV CENT FLORIDA, CTR RES & EDUC OPT & LASERS, DEPT PHYS & ELECT ENGN, 12424 RES PKWY, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 32 IS 34 BP 6895 EP 6896 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA MM445 UT WOS:A1993MM44500001 PM 20856541 ER PT J AU KAUFFMAN, RL PHILLION, DW SPITZER, RC AF KAUFFMAN, RL PHILLION, DW SPITZER, RC TI X-RAY-PRODUCTION - 13 NM FROM LASER-PRODUCED PLASMAS FOR PROJECTION X-RAY-LITHOGRAPHY APPLICATIONS SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID PLANAR AB X-ray production in the region approximately 13 nm from laser-produced plasmas has been investigated as a source for projection x-ray lithography. The dependence of x-ray conversion efficiency on target material, intensity, and pulse length has been studied by using a 0.53-mum laser with a maximum of 0.3 J. A conversion efficiency of 1% into a 0.3-nm bandwidth has been demonstrated for Sn targets at intensities of approximately 10(11) W/cm2 by using a 7.5-ns pulse. Intensity scaling suggests that laser spot size and two-dimensional expansion are important for optimizing x-ray production at these low-irradiation intensities. RP KAUFFMAN, RL (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, POB 5508, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. NR 8 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 32 IS 34 BP 6897 EP 6900 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA MM445 UT WOS:A1993MM44500002 PM 20856542 ER PT J AU CERJAN, C AF CERJAN, C TI X-RAY PLASMA SOURCE DESIGN SIMULATIONS SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB The optimization of soft x-ray production from a laser-produced plasma for lithographic applications is discussed in the context of recent experiments by Kauffman et al. [Appl. Opt. 32, 6897 (1993)], which indicate that a conversion efficiency of 0.01 can be obtained with Sn targets at modest laser intensity. Computer simulations of the experiments delineate the critical phenomena underlying these high conversion efficiencies, especially the role of hydrodynamic expansion and radiative emission. Qualitative features of the experiments are reproduced, including the transition from one-dimensional to two-dimensional flow. The quantitative discrepancy is ascribed to incorrect initiation of the ablating plasma and to inadequate atomic transition rate evaluation. RP CERJAN, C (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, POB 808 L-438, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. NR 5 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 32 IS 34 BP 6911 EP 6913 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA MM445 UT WOS:A1993MM44500004 PM 20856544 ER PT J AU HAKEL, LA BEACH, RJ DANE, CB ZAPATA, LE AF HAKEL, LA BEACH, RJ DANE, CB ZAPATA, LE TI LASER DRIVER FOR SOFT-X-RAY PROJECTION LITHOGRAPHY SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE PROJECTION LITHOGRAPHY; SOFT X-RAYS; SOLID-STATE LASER; PULSE COMPRESSION; DIODE-PUMPED LASER ID STIMULATED BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; PULSE-COMPRESSION AB A design of a diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser for use as the driver for a soft-x-ray projection lithography system is described. This laser will output up to 1 J per pulse with a 2- to 5-ns pulse duration and a 400-Hz pulse repetition rate. The design employs microchannel-cooled diode laser arrays, zigzag slab energy storage, a regenerative amplifier cavity that uses phase conjugator beam correction for near-diffraction-limited beam quality, and stimulated Brillouin scattering pulse compression to achieve the required pulse length. RP HAKEL, LA (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, POB 808, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 32 IS 34 BP 6914 EP 6919 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA MM445 UT WOS:A1993MM44500005 ER PT J AU MURPHY, JB WHITE, DL MACDOWELL, AA WOOD, OR AF MURPHY, JB WHITE, DL MACDOWELL, AA WOOD, OR TI SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION SOURCES AND CONDENSERS FOR PROJECTION X-RAY-LITHOGRAPHY SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID REDUCTION LITHOGRAPHY; OPTICS; RING AB The design requirements for a compact electron storage ring that could be used as a soft-x-ray source for projection lithography are discussed. The design concepts of the x-ray optics that are required for collecting and conditioning the radiation in divergence, uniformity, and direction to illuminate the mask correctly and the particular x-ray projection camera used are discussed. Preliminary designs for an entire soft-x-ray projection lithography system that uses an electron storage ring as a soft-x-ray source are presented. It is shown that, by combining the existing technology of storage rings with large collection angle condensers, a powerful and reliable source of 130-angstrom photons for production line projection x-ray lithography is possible. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, NATL SYNCHROTRON LIGHT SOURCE, UPTON, NY 11973 USA. AT&T BELL LABS, MURRAY HILL, NJ 07974 USA. NR 25 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 32 IS 34 BP 6920 EP 6929 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA MM445 UT WOS:A1993MM44500006 PM 20856546 ER PT J AU HANEY, SJ BERGER, KW KUBIAK, GD ROCKETT, PD HUNTER, J AF HANEY, SJ BERGER, KW KUBIAK, GD ROCKETT, PD HUNTER, J TI PROTOTYPE HIGH-SPEED TAPE TARGET TRANSPORT FOR A LASER-PLASMA SOFT-X-RAY PROJECTION LITHOGRAPHY SOURCE SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB A prototype high-speed tape target transport is constructed for use in a high-repetition-rate laser plasma source. To reduce plasma debris, a 1000-5000-angstrom-thick film of target material is supported by thin Mylar tape backing. Tape is transported to the laser focal volume at a maximum velocity of 356 cm/s, a rate sufficient to accommodate laser repetition rates of 1 kHz. The transport is fully vacuum compatible and can be retracted and then isolated from the laser plasma vacuum enclosure during tape reel replacement. The operating characteristics of the transport are described. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87185 USA. RP HANEY, SJ (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. NR 6 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 32 IS 34 BP 6934 EP 6937 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA MM445 UT WOS:A1993MM44500008 PM 20856548 ER PT J AU SOMMARGREN, GE SEPPALA, LG AF SOMMARGREN, GE SEPPALA, LG TI CONDENSER OPTICS, PARTIAL COHERENCE, AND IMAGING FOR SOFT-X-RAY PROJECTION LITHOGRAPHY SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE X-RAY LITHOGRAPHY; CONDENSER OPTICS; PARTIAL COHERENCE; IMAGING AB A condenser system couples the radiation source to an imaging system, controlling the uniformity and partial coherence at the object, which ultimately affects the characteristics of the aerial image. A soft-x-ray projection lithography system based on a ring-field system and a laser-produced plasma x-ray source places considerable constraints on the design of a condenser system. Two designs are proposed, critical illumination and Kohler illumination, each of which requires three mirrors and scanning for covering the entire ring field with the required uniformity and partial coherence. Images based on Hopkins' formulation of partially coherent imaging are simulated. RP SOMMARGREN, GE (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, POB 808, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 32 IS 34 BP 6938 EP 6944 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA MM445 UT WOS:A1993MM44500009 PM 20856549 ER PT J AU SWEATT, WC LAWRENCE, GN AF SWEATT, WC LAWRENCE, GN TI PHYSICAL OPTICS MODELING IN SOFT-X-RAY PROJECTION LITHOGRAPHY SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID LASER PLASMA SOURCE AB We develop a diffraction-based tool that can predict the image quality in projection lithography systems. The effects of partial coherence and source variations and imaging defects in both the condenser and the camera optics can all be determined. C1 APPL OPT RES, TUCSON, AZ 85718 USA. RP SWEATT, WC (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS, DIV PHOTOMETR & OPT DEV, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 32 IS 34 BP 6945 EP 6951 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA MM445 UT WOS:A1993MM44500010 PM 20856550 ER PT J AU STEARNS, DG ROSEN, RS VERNON, SP AF STEARNS, DG ROSEN, RS VERNON, SP TI MULTILAYER MIRROR TECHNOLOGY FOR SOFT-X-RAY PROJECTION LITHOGRAPHY SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID MO/SI MULTILAYERS; GROWTH; FABRICATION; OPTICS; FILMS AB Recent advances in multilayer mirror technology meet many of the stringent demands of soft-x-ray projection lithography (SXPL). The maximum normal-incidence reflectivity achieved to date is 66% for Mo/Si multilayers at a soft-x-ray wavelength of 13.4 nm, which is sufficient to satisfy the x-ray throughput requirements of SXPL. These high-performance coatings can be deposited on figured optics with layer thickness control of approximately 0.5%. Uniform multilayer coatings are required for SXPL imaging optics, for which maintaining the surface figure is critical to achieving diffraction-limited performance. In contrast the coatings on the condenser optics will be graded to accommodate a large range of angles of incidence. Graded multilayer coatings can also be used to modify the figure of optical substrates without increasing the surface roughness. This offers a potential method for precise fabrication of aspheric imaging optics. C1 VERNON APPL PHYS, TORRANCE, CA 90505 USA. RP STEARNS, DG (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, POB 808, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. NR 36 TC 98 Z9 113 U1 1 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 32 IS 34 BP 6952 EP 6960 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA MM445 UT WOS:A1993MM44500011 PM 20856551 ER PT J AU ROSEN, RS STEARNS, DG VILIARDOS, MA KASSNER, ME VERNON, SP CHENG, YD AF ROSEN, RS STEARNS, DG VILIARDOS, MA KASSNER, ME VERNON, SP CHENG, YD TI SILICIDE LAYER GROWTH-RATES IN MO/SI MULTILAYERS SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; MO; SI; FILMS; KINETICS; MIRRORS AB The thermal stability of sputter-deposited Mo/Si multilayers was investigated by annealing studies at relatively low temperatures (approximately 250-350-degrees-C) for various times (0.5-3000 h). Two distinct stages of thermally activated Mo/Si interlayer growth were found: a primary surge, followed by a (slower) secondary steady-state growth in which the interdiffusion coefficient is constant. The interdiffusion coefficients for the interlayer formed by deposition of Mo-on-Si are higher than those of the interlayer formed by deposition of Si-on-Mo. Assuming that the activation energy is constant, an extrapolation of our results to ambient temperature finds that interlayer growth is negligible, suggesting long-term thermal stability in soft-x-ray projection lithography applications. C1 VERNON APPL PHYS, TORRANCE, CA 90505 USA. ARIZONA STATE UNIV, DEPT PHYS, TEMPE, AZ 85287 USA. OREGON STATE UNIV, DEPT MECH ENGN, CORVALLIS, OR 97331 USA. RP ROSEN, RS (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, POB 808, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. NR 23 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 32 IS 34 BP 6975 EP 6980 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA MM445 UT WOS:A1993MM44500014 PM 20856554 ER PT J AU UNDERWOOD, JH GULLIKSON, EM NGUYEN, K AF UNDERWOOD, JH GULLIKSON, EM NGUYEN, K TI TARNISHING OF MO/SI MULTILAYER X-RAY MIRRORS SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB Multilayer x-ray mirrors of molybdenum and silicon operating at normal incidence at energies just below the Si L(II,III) absorption edges are a key component in the development of soft-x-ray projection lithography. In this application high reflectivity is essential. Aging tests on such reflectors, with Mo as the last layer deposited, show that the structures decline in reflectivity with time when stored in air. Chemical analysis of a well-aged surface by photoelectron spectroscopy techniques reveals that the uppermost Mo layer eventually becomes completely oxidized to MoO3 and MoO2 and contaminated with carbonaceous materials. The oxidation can be prevented by storing the mirrors in an oxygen-free atmosphere or by depositing the silicon as the top layer. The reflectivity of tarnished mirrors can be restored by removing the oxides by argon-ion etching or wet chemical methods. RP UNDERWOOD, JH (reprint author), LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, CTR X RAY OPT, DIV MAT SCI, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. NR 11 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 32 IS 34 BP 6985 EP 6990 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA MM445 UT WOS:A1993MM44500016 PM 20856556 ER PT J AU GAINES, DP SPITZER, RC CEGLIO, NM KRUMREY, M ULM, G AF GAINES, DP SPITZER, RC CEGLIO, NM KRUMREY, M ULM, G TI RADIATION HARDNESS OF MOLYBDENUM SILICON MULTILAYERS DESIGNED FOR USE IN A SOFT-X-RAY PROJECTION LITHOGRAPHY SYSTEM SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID MEAN FREE PATHS; SYNCHROTRON RADIATION; MIRRORS; PERFORMANCE; WIGGLER; SOLIDS; MODEL AB A molybdenum silicon multilayer is irradiated with 13.4-nm radiation to investigate changes in multilayer performance under simulated soft-x-ray projection lithography (SXPL) conditions. The wiggler-undulator at the Berlin electron storage ring BESSY is used as a quasi-monochromatic source of calculable spectral radiant intensity and is configured to simulate an incident SXPL x-ray spectrum. The test multilayer receives a radiant exposure of 240 J/mm2 in an exposure lasting 8.9 h. The corresponding average incident power density is 7.5 mW/mm2. The absorbed dose of 7.8 x 10(10) J/kg (7.8 x 10(12) rad) is equivalent to 1.2 times the dose that would be absorbed by a multilayer coating on the first imaging optic in a hypothetical SXPL system during 1 year of operation. Surface temperature increases do not exceed 2-degrees-C during the exposure. Normal-incidence reflectance measurements at lambda0 = 13.4 nm performed before radiation exposure are in agreement with measurements performed after the exposure, indicating that no significant damage had occurred. C1 INST BERLIN, PHYS TECH BUNDESANSTALT, W-1000 BERLIN 10, GERMANY. BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV, PROVO, UT 84601 USA. RP GAINES, DP (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, L-395, POB 5508, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. RI Krumrey, Michael/G-6295-2011; Ulm, Gerhard/D-4798-2009 NR 27 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 32 IS 34 BP 6991 EP 6998 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA MM445 UT WOS:A1993MM44500017 PM 20856557 ER PT J AU TENNANT, DM FETTER, LA HARRIOTT, LR MACDOWELL, AA MULGREW, PP PASTALAN, JZ WASKIEWICZ, WK WINDT, DL WOOD, OR AF TENNANT, DM FETTER, LA HARRIOTT, LR MACDOWELL, AA MULGREW, PP PASTALAN, JZ WASKIEWICZ, WK WINDT, DL WOOD, OR TI MASK TECHNOLOGIES FOR SOFT-X-RAY PROJECTION LITHOGRAPHY AT 13 NM SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID METAL AB We describe a variety of technologies for patterning transmissive and reflective soft x-ray projection lithography masks containing features as small as 0.1 mum. The transmission masks fabricated for use at 13 nm are of one type, a Ge-absorbing layer patterned on a boron-doped Si membrane. Reflective masks were patterned by various methods that included absorbing layers formed on top of multilayer reflectors, multilayer-reflector-coating removal by reactive ion etching, and ion damage of multilayer regions by ion implantation. For the first time, we believe, a process for absorber repair that does not significantly damage the reflectance of the multilayer coating on the reflection mask is demonstrated. C1 AT&T BELL LABS, MURRAY HILL, NJ 07974 USA. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY 11973 USA. BOSTON UNIV, DEPT PHYS, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA. RP TENNANT, DM (reprint author), AT&T BELL LABS, HOLMDEL, NJ 07733 USA. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 32 IS 34 BP 7007 EP 7011 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA MM445 UT WOS:A1993MM44500019 PM 20856559 ER PT J AU HAWRYLUK, AM STEWART, D AF HAWRYLUK, AM STEWART, D TI REFLECTION MASK DEFECT REPAIR SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB We developed a new technique for the repair of opaque defects on soft-x-ray projection lithography reflection masks by using ion-beam etching and a thin Si overcoat on the multilayer mirror. This technique clears the defect without damaging the multilayer mirror or introducing an absorptive element into the multilayer. Our procedure uses a beam of low atomic number ions (Si or Ar) of reduced beam energy and a thin Si overcoat to protect the multilayer mirror. C1 MICRION CORP, PEABODY, MA 01960 USA. RP HAWRYLUK, AM (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA 94551 USA. NR 1 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 32 IS 34 BP 7012 EP 7015 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA MM445 UT WOS:A1993MM44500020 PM 20856560 ER PT J AU ATTWOOD, D SOMMARGREN, G BEGUIRISTAIN, R NGUYEN, K BOKOR, J CEGLIO, N JACKSON, K KOIKE, M UNDERWOOD, J AF ATTWOOD, D SOMMARGREN, G BEGUIRISTAIN, R NGUYEN, K BOKOR, J CEGLIO, N JACKSON, K KOIKE, M UNDERWOOD, J TI UNDULATOR RADIATION FOR AT-WAVELENGTH INTERFEROMETRY OF OPTICS FOR EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET LITHOGRAPHY SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SYNCHROTRON RADIATION; X-RAYS; ERRORS AB Techniques are described for at-wavelength interferometry of multilayer coated optics designed for use in extreme-ultraviolet lithography. Broadly tunable undulator radiation, which covers the spectral region from 45 to 400 angstrom, is described. The coherent power available at these wavelengths is described, and several types of interferometer that might be suitable at these short wavelengths are also described. C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, CTR X RAY OPT, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. RP ATTWOOD, D (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, ADV X RAY OPT GRP, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. RI Bokor, Jeffrey/A-2683-2011 NR 40 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 32 IS 34 BP 7022 EP 7031 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA MM445 UT WOS:A1993MM44500022 PM 20856562 ER PT J AU KUBIAK, GD HWANG, RQ SCHULBERG, MT TICHENOR, DA EARLY, K AF KUBIAK, GD HWANG, RQ SCHULBERG, MT TICHENOR, DA EARLY, K TI CHEMICALLY AMPLIFIED SOFT-X-RAY RESISTS - SENSITIVITY, RESOLUTION, AND MOLECULAR PHOTODESORPTION SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID RADIATION AB The sensitivity, ion photodesorption, and lithographic performance of selected novolac-based chemically amplified resists have been studied at an exposure wavelength of 140 angstrom. Flood exposures of the resits AZ PF514, AZ PN114, and SAL 601 yield D0.9 values of 2.5-3.5 mJ/cm2 for 0.25-mum-thick films. Contrast values range from 3 for AZ PN114 to 5 for SAL 601. Photodesorption of fragment ions induced by 140-angstrom radiation has been examined in AZ PN114 by using time-of-flight mass spectrometry and compared with poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA). Mass-integrated ion desorption yields from AZ PN114 are found to be approximately 90 times less per exposure than from PMMA. Soft-x-ray projection in AZ PF514 and SAL 601 has been characterized by use of a multilayer-coated 20 x Schwarzschild objective and a transmissive Ge/Si mask illuminated by a laser plasma source. C1 AT&T BELL LABS, HOLMDEL, NJ 07733 USA. RP KUBIAK, GD (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS, POB 969, LIVERMORE, CA 94551 USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 32 IS 34 BP 7036 EP 7043 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA MM445 UT WOS:A1993MM44500024 PM 20856564 ER PT J AU EARLY, K TENNANT, DM JEON, DY MULGREW, PP MACDOWELL, AA WOOD, OR KUBIAK, GD TICHENOR, DA AF EARLY, K TENNANT, DM JEON, DY MULGREW, PP MACDOWELL, AA WOOD, OR KUBIAK, GD TICHENOR, DA TI CHARACTERIZATION OF AZ PN114 RESIST FOR SOFT-X-RAY PROJECTION LITHOGRAPHY SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID RECENT TRENDS; ULTRAVIOLET; FEATURES; SYSTEM AB Using 14-nm wavelength illumination, we have imaged 0.1-mum-wide lines and spaces in single-layer thin films of the highly sensitive, negative, chemically amplified resist AZ PN114 by using both a Schwarzschild 20 x camera and an Offner ring field 1x optical system. For soft-x-ray projection lithography the approximate 0.2-mum absorption length in resists at 14-nm wavelength necessitates a multilayer resist system. To explore further the requirements of the imaging layer of such a system, we have transferred patterns, exposed by a high-resolution electron beam in a 60-nm-thick layer of AZ PN114, into the underlying layers of a trilevel structure. Significant pattern edge noise and resist granularity were found. It remains to be determined whether the observed noise is dominated by statistical fluctuations in dose or by resist chemistry. We also investigated pinhole densities in these films and found them to increase from 0.2 cm-2 for 380-mm-thick films to 15 cm-2 for 50-nm-thick films. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS, DIV 8342, LIVERMORE, CA 94551 USA. RP EARLY, K (reprint author), AT&T BELL LABS, CRAWFORD CORNER RD, HOLMDEL, NJ 07733 USA. RI Jeon, Duk Young/C-1530-2011 NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 32 IS 34 BP 7044 EP 7049 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA MM445 UT WOS:A1993MM44500025 PM 20856565 ER PT J AU CEGLIO, NM HAWRYLUK, AM SOMMARGREN, GE AF CEGLIO, NM HAWRYLUK, AM SOMMARGREN, GE TI FRONT-END DESIGN ISSUES IN SOFT-X-RAY PROJECTION LITHOGRAPHY SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB We present a protocol for the design of an illumination system (front end) for a soft-x-ray projection lithography tool. The protocol is illustrated by specific front-end designs. The most complete design analysis is for a laser-driven system. Other drivers; undulator, synchrotron orbital radiation, and plasma discharge, are also discussed. RP CEGLIO, NM (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, ADV MICROTECHNOL PROGRAM, POB 808, M-S L-395, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. NR 12 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 32 IS 34 BP 7050 EP 7056 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA MM445 UT WOS:A1993MM44500026 PM 20856566 ER PT J AU HAWRYLUK, AM CEGLIO, NM AF HAWRYLUK, AM CEGLIO, NM TI WAVELENGTH CONSIDERATIONS IN SOFT-X-RAY PROJECTION LITHOGRAPHY SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB The choice of the operational wavelength for a soft-x-ray projection lithography system affects a wide variety of system parameters such as optical design, sources, resists, and multilayer mirrors. Several system constraints limit the choice for the operational wavelength. In particular, optical imaging requirements place an upper limit and throughput issues place a lower limit on the wavelength selection. We have determined that there are several discrete wavelength regions between 10 and 25 nm that satisfy the system-imposed constraints of high resolution, large depth of focus, and high throughput. RP HAWRYLUK, AM (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, POB 5508, L-395, LIVERMORE, CA 94551 USA. NR 15 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 32 IS 34 BP 7062 EP 7067 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA MM445 UT WOS:A1993MM44500028 PM 20856568 ER PT J AU TICHENOR, DA KUBIAK, GD MALINOWSKI, ME STULEN, RH HANEY, SJ BERGER, KW BROWN, LA SWEATT, WC BJORKHOLM, JE FREEMAN, RR HIMEL, MD MACDOWELL, AA TENNANT, DM WOOD, OR BOKOR, J JEWELL, TE MANSFIELD, WM WASKIEWICZ, WK WHITE, DL WINDT, DL AF TICHENOR, DA KUBIAK, GD MALINOWSKI, ME STULEN, RH HANEY, SJ BERGER, KW BROWN, LA SWEATT, WC BJORKHOLM, JE FREEMAN, RR HIMEL, MD MACDOWELL, AA TENNANT, DM WOOD, OR BOKOR, J JEWELL, TE MANSFIELD, WM WASKIEWICZ, WK WHITE, DL WINDT, DL TI SOFT-X-RAY PROJECTION LITHOGRAPHY EXPERIMENTS USING SCHWARZSCHILD IMAGING OPTICS SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE SOFT X-RAY; IMAGING; REFLECTIVE OPTICS; MULTILAYER; LITHOGRAPHYS ID MULTILAYER AB Soft-x-ray projection imaging is demonstrated by the use of 14-nm radiation from a laser plasma source and a single-surface multilayer-coated ellipsoidal condenser. Aberrations in the condenser and the Schwarzschild imaging objective are characterized and correlated with imaging performance. A new Schwarzschild housing, designed for improved alignment stability, is described. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87185 USA. AT&T BELL LABS, HOLMDEL, NJ 07733 USA. RP TICHENOR, DA (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS, POB 969, LIVERMORE, CA 94551 USA. RI Bokor, Jeffrey/A-2683-2011 NR 4 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 32 IS 34 BP 7068 EP 7071 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA MM445 UT WOS:A1993MM44500029 PM 20856569 ER PT J AU LIPERT, RJ LEE, SC AF LIPERT, RJ LEE, SC TI ISOTOPE SHIFTS AND HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE OF ERBIUM, DYSPROSIUM, AND GADOLINIUM BY ATOMIC-BEAM DIODE-LASER SPECTROSCOPY SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-PHOTOPHYSICS AND LASER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RF DOUBLE-RESONANCE; CONFIGURATION 4F126S2; ER-I; PHYSICS AB A commercial diode laser system, without external frequency stabilization, has been used to study the isotope shifts and hyperfine structure in a near infrared transition of erbium, dysprosium and gadolinium. Specific mass shifts and relative values for the change in the radial nuclear charge parameters of the isotopes were obtained for erbium and dysprosium that compare well with literature values. The hyperfine structure constants measured for erbium fell within the range predicted from the results of other workers. The isotope shifts in the gadolinium transition investigated were too small for the spectrum to be resolved. RP LIPERT, RJ (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,US DOE,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011, USA. RI Lipert, Robert/A-8571-2009 NR 32 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0721-7269 J9 APPL PHYS B-PHOTO PD DEC PY 1993 VL 57 IS 6 BP 373 EP 379 DI 10.1007/BF00357378 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA ML597 UT WOS:A1993ML59700001 ER PT J AU SCHLYER, DJ FIROUZBAKHT, ML WOLF, AP AF SCHLYER, DJ FIROUZBAKHT, ML WOLF, AP TI IMPURITIES IN THE [O-18]WATER TARGET AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE YIELD OF AN AROMATIC DISPLACEMENT REACTION WITH [F-18] FLUORIDE SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article AB Fluorine-18 in the form of fluoride ion has widespread utility in PET radiochemistry. This paper explores the effect of possible metal ion contamination of the water on the yield of the displacement of a nitro group off of dinitrobenzene by fluoride has been investigated as a model reaction for fluoride displacement. The metal ions were found to have a profound effect if they were at the level of the carbonate added to the synthetic procedure. The yields from the reaction are best fit by a model in which the metal ions complex the carbonate ion and thus reduce the pH which in turn reduces the efficiency of the reaction. The formation of [F-18]fluoroacetate in the target was explored as a mode for making the fluoride in the target unreactive. It was found that essentially no fluoracetate was formed under our irradiation conditions. The sources of carrier fluoride were examined. It was found that carrier fluoride was introduced during the transfer of water into and out of the target and not during the irradiation. RP SCHLYER, DJ (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. FU NINDS NIH HHS [NINDS NS 15380] NR 7 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 44 IS 12 BP 1459 EP 1465 DI 10.1016/0969-8043(93)90099-V PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA MG533 UT WOS:A1993MG53300007 PM 8257964 ER PT J AU NEDDERSEN, J CHUMANOV, G COTTON, TM AF NEDDERSEN, J CHUMANOV, G COTTON, TM TI LASER-ABLATION OF METALS - A NEW METHOD FOR PREPARING SERS ACTIVE COLLOIDS SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Note DE SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN SCATTERING; METAL COLLOIDS; LASER ABLATION ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; SILVER; SPECTROSCOPY; GOLD; ABSORPTION; COPPER; PYRIDINE; SPECTRA; CITRATE; SOLS AB Laser ablation of metals is a new and very powerful method for preparation of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) active colloids. The method is characterized by its simplicity and versatility. Stable Ag, Au, Pt, Pd, and Cu colloids are prepared by ablation of the metal for approximately 10 min in water and organic solvents. An important advantage of this approach over conventional chemical procedures is that the colloids are free of organic or ionic species. Consequently, the chemical and physical effects of ions or other adsorbates can be studied under carefully controlled conditions. The SERS activity of colloidal metals prepared by laser ablation is comparable or superior to that of chemically prepared colloids. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, AMES LAB, AMES, IA 50011 USA. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, DEPT CHEM, AMES, IA 50011 USA. NR 32 TC 219 Z9 222 U1 7 U2 46 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 5320 SPECTRUM DRIVE SUITE C, FREDERICK, MD 21703 USA SN 0003-7028 EI 1943-3530 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 47 IS 12 BP 1959 EP 1964 DI 10.1366/0003702934066460 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA MR586 UT WOS:A1993MR58600002 ER PT J AU ROSENZWEIG, Z YEUNG, ES AF ROSENZWEIG, Z YEUNG, ES TI LASER-BASED DOUBLE-BEAM CIRCULAR-DICHROISM DETECTOR FOR LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE LASERS; CIRCULAR DICHROISM; LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY ID OPTICAL RESOLUTION; ABSORPTION; LIGHT AB A highly sensitive and selective double-beam laser-based circular dichroism (CD) detector for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is presented. An all-electronic noise canceller circuit was used to subtract the intensity of the right circularly polarized light from the intensity of the left circularly polarized light. Both of these beams were derived from the same Ar-ion laser operated at 488 nm. The chiral inorganic complexes of tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III), Co(en)33+, which are CD active at this wavelength [DELTAepsilon(488 nm) = 1.9 cm2 mol-1], were chosen as test compounds. The two enantiomers were chromatographically separated from the corresponding racemic mixture through the use of potassium antimonyl(III) tartrate hydrate and ion-pair reversed-phase liquid chromatography. A practical noise-to-signal ratio of 4 x 10(-6) for CD measurements was achieved despite the presence of the high background absorption, which is 45 times higher than the CD signal for this particular system. The detector is linear through two orders of magnitude (10(-3) M-10(-5) M). The deviation between consecutive measurements is less than 5% and the noise level is 1.8 x 10(-6) AU. A limit of detection (LOD) of 1.2 x 10(-6) M at the flow cell, which corresponds to 25 ng injected material, was achieved. This value is similar to the LOD that was obtained for the same species by using laser-based high-frequency modulation and is only 3.5 times worse than thermal-lens CD detection. Being simpler and less expensive than other laser-based systems, our double-beam HPLC-CD detector provides a three-orders-of-magnitude improvement in sensitivity as compared to that for conventional CD spectrometers. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM,AMES,IA 50011. US DOE,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 47 IS 12 BP 2017 EP 2021 DI 10.1366/0003702934066442 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA MR586 UT WOS:A1993MR58600009 ER PT J AU GIBSON, A HAYDOCK, R LAFEMINA, JP AF GIBSON, A HAYDOCK, R LAFEMINA, JP TI THE ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE OF NEUTRAL AND CHARGED SURFACE VACANCY DEFECTS IN PERICLASE SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MGO(001) SURFACE; MGO CRYSTALS; HIGH-TEMPERATURES; MAGNESIUM-OXIDE; POINT-DEFECTS; TOTAL-ENERGY; LEED; LUMINESCENCE; MGO(100); HYDROGEN AB An understanding of the electronic structure of defects on mineral surfaces is critical to the development of microscopic models of the chemistry which occurs at these surfaces in natural environments, and in catalytic applications. In this work, the formation energies and electronic structure of neutral and charged surface oxygen vacancy defects (F(s), F(s)+ and F(s)2+ centers) on the (001) cleavage face of periclase (MgO) are computed using a recently developed ab-initio electronic structure method. The position of the defect state in the fundamental energy gap of MgO is found to be in qualitative agreement with a model for optical absorption and emission, and energy-dependent electron energy-loss experiments, and is used to explain the formation energies of these defects. C1 PACIFIC NW LAB, MOLEC SCI RES CTR, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RP GIBSON, A (reprint author), UNIV OREGON, INST MAT SCI, EUGENE, OR 97403 USA. NR 40 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 72 IS 4 BP 285 EP 293 DI 10.1016/0169-4332(93)90364-H PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA MK123 UT WOS:A1993MK12300002 ER PT J AU BAER, DR BLANCHARD, DL AF BAER, DR BLANCHARD, DL TI STUDIES OF THE CALCITE CLEAVAGE SURFACE FOR COMPARISON WITH CALCULATION SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY; MN AB The cleavage face of single-crystal calcite has been studied in vacuum using reflection electron energy-loss spectroscopy (REELS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electron-stimulated desorption (ESD). XPS valence-band measurements and a REELS determination of the band gap were made for comparison with a density-functional-theory calculation of the electronic and structural properties of calcite; both measurements compare well to the theory. A flux of 200 V electrons was found to damage the calcite surface at exposures of approximately 0.01 C/cm2 or greater. This damage narrowed the band gap at the surface and caused the emission Of CO2. RP BAER, DR (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, MOLEC SCI RES CTR, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RI Baer, Donald/J-6191-2013 OI Baer, Donald/0000-0003-0875-5961 NR 21 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 72 IS 4 BP 295 EP 300 DI 10.1016/0169-4332(93)90365-I PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA MK123 UT WOS:A1993MK12300003 ER PT J AU ALEXANDREAS, DE ALLEN, GE BERLEY, D BILLER, S BURMAN, RL CAVALLISFORZA, M CHANG, CY CHEN, ML CHUMNEY, P COYNE, D DION, C DION, GM DORFAN, D ELLSWORTH, RW GOODMAN, JA HAINES, TJ HOFFMAN, CM KELLEY, L KLEIN, S NAGLE, DE SCHALLER, SC SCHNEE, R SHOUP, A SINNIS, C STARK, MJ WEEKS, DD WILLIAMS, DA WU, JP YANG, T YODH, GB ZHANG, W AF ALEXANDREAS, DE ALLEN, GE BERLEY, D BILLER, S BURMAN, RL CAVALLISFORZA, M CHANG, CY CHEN, ML CHUMNEY, P COYNE, D DION, C DION, GM DORFAN, D ELLSWORTH, RW GOODMAN, JA HAINES, TJ HOFFMAN, CM KELLEY, L KLEIN, S NAGLE, DE SCHALLER, SC SCHNEE, R SHOUP, A SINNIS, C STARK, MJ WEEKS, DD WILLIAMS, DA WU, JP YANG, T YODH, GB ZHANG, W TI SEARCH FOR EMISSION OF ULTRA HIGH-ENERGY RADIATION FROM ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BL LACERTAE OBJECTS, GENERAL; GALAXIES, ACTIVE; GAMMA RAYS, OBSERVATIONS ID GAMMA-SHOWERS; 3C-279; MUONS; RAYS AB The CYGNUS air-shower array has been used to search for emission of ultra-high-energy gamma radiation from 13 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) that were detected by EGRET. The data set spans the period 1986 April 2 to 1993 January 1. The data set has been searched for continuous emission, for emission on the time scale of 1 week, and for emission on the time scale of 1 day. No evidence for emission from any of the AGNs on any of the time scales examined was found. The 90% Confidence Level (CL) upper limit to the continuous flux from Mrk 421 above 50 TeV is 7.5 x 10(-14) CM-2 S-1. C1 UNIV CALIF IRVINE,IRVINE,CA 92717. UNIV MARYLAND,COLL PK,MD 20742. NATL SCI FDN,WASHINGTON,DC 20550. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87544. UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95064. GEORGE MASON UNIV,FAIRFAX,VA 22030. UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. RI Cavalli-Sforza, Matteo/H-7102-2015 NR 17 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 418 IS 2 BP 832 EP 835 DI 10.1086/173439 PN 1 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA MJ035 UT WOS:A1993MJ03500025 ER PT J AU GUZIK, JA COX, AN AF GUZIK, JA COX, AN TI NONLINEAR RR LYRAE MODELS WITH NEW LIVERMORE OPACITIES SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TABLES AB A. N. Cox recently showed that a 20% opacity decrease in the 20,000-30.000 K region as indicated by the new Livermore OPAL opacities reconciles the discrepancy between pulsation and evolution masses of double-mode RR Lyrae variables. Nonlinear hydrodynamic calculations were performed for RR Lyrae models of mass 0.75 M., 51 L.. and Z = 0.0001 (Osterhoff II type) including this opacity decrease. The Stellingwerf periodic relation method was used to converge the models to a limit cycle, and the Floquet matrix eigenvalues calculated to search for a tendency of the fundamental mode to grow from the full-amplitude overtone solution, and the overtone mode to grow from the full-amplitude fundamental solution, thereby predicting double-mode behavior. Models of T(eff) < 7000 K with the opacity decrease have positive fundamental-mode growth rates in the overtone solution, in contrast to earlier results by Hodson and Cox (1982), and models with T(eff) > 7000 have positive 1st overtone growth rates in the fundamental-mode solution, but double-mode behavior was not found. RP GUZIK, JA (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87544, USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 210 IS 1-2 BP 307 EP 309 DI 10.1007/BF00657914 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NB574 UT WOS:A1993NB57400048 ER PT J AU COX, AN OSTLIE, DA AF COX, AN OSTLIE, DA TI A LINEAR AND NONLINEAR STUDY OF MIRA SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID VARIABLES; MODE AB Both linear and nonlinear calculations of the 331 day, long period variable star Mira have been undertaken to see what radial pulsation mode is naturally selected. Models are similar to those considered in the linear nonadiabatic stellar pulsation study of Ostlie and Cox (1986). Models are considered with masses near one solar mass, luminosities between 4000 and 5000 solar luminosities, and effective temperatures of approximately 3000 K. These models have fundamental mode periods that closely match the pulsation period of Mira. The equation of state for the stellar material is given by the Stellingwerf (1975ab) procedure, and the opacity is obtained from a fit by Cahn that matches the low temperature molecular absorption data for the Population I Ross-Aller 1 mixture calculated from the Los Alamos Astrophysical Opacity Library. For the linear study, the Cox, Brownlee, and Eilers (1966) approximation is used for the linear theory variation of the convection luminosity. For the nonlinear work, the method described by Ostlie (1990) and Cox (1990) is followed. Results showing internal details of the radial fundamental and first overtone modes behavior in linear theory are presented. Preliminary radial fundamental mode nonlinear calculations axe discussed. The very tentative conclusion is that neither the fundamental or first overtone mode is excluded from being the actual observed one. C1 WEBER STATE COLL,OGDEN,UT. RP COX, AN (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87544, USA. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 210 IS 1-2 BP 311 EP 319 DI 10.1007/BF00657915 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NB574 UT WOS:A1993NB57400049 ER PT J AU GUZIK, JA AF GUZIK, JA TI RADIAL AND NONRADIAL PERIODS AND GROWTH-RATES OF AN AI VELORUM MODEL SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STELLAR AB Walraven, Walraven and Balona recently discovered several new periodicities in addition to the well-known fundamental and first overtone periods of the high-amplitude delta Scuti star Al Velorum. Linear nonadiabatic pulsation calculations were performed for an AI Velorum model of mass 1.96M., 24.05L., and T(eff) 7566 K for the radial and low-degree nonradial modes to help verify the tentative identifications made by Walraven, et al. Comparison of the calculated periods with the observations suggests some alternatives to the identifications proposed by Walraven, et al. RP GUZIK, JA (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV APPL THEORET PHYS,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87544, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 210 IS 1-2 BP 321 EP 323 DI 10.1007/BF00657916 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NB574 UT WOS:A1993NB57400050 ER PT J AU DAVIS, CG AF DAVIS, CG TI THE IMPORTANCE OF RADIATIVE-TRANSFER IN STELLAR PULSATION MODELS SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB With the advent of new astrophysical opacities it seems appropriate to discuss the need for a full radiative transfer (RT) theory instead of the usual equilibrium diffusion theory use in most nonlinear pulsation codes. Early studies on the importance of RT in the calculation of light curves for Cepheid models showed little effect over diffusion theory. The new opacities though may help to explain the ''bump'' mass discrepancy problem. For RR Lyrae models the use of RT theory causes some effects both in the color difference (U-B) as well as in the light curves. New opacities help to explain the period ratios for double mode RR Lyrae and beat Cepheids. A new area of research is in the modeling of stars with high luminosity to mass ratios that show tendencies for doubling and transitions to chaos, such as W Virginis and RV Tauri stars. For these stars it has been shown that RT is necessary in calculating their light curves and that the understanding of the shock dynamics depends on the transfer of lines in the pulsating RT dependent atmospheres (Fokin 1991). RP DAVIS, CG (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV PHYS,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 210 IS 1-2 BP 325 EP 327 DI 10.1007/BF00657917 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NB574 UT WOS:A1993NB57400051 ER PT J AU Ghan, SJ Chuang, CC Penner, JE AF Ghan, Steven J. Chuang, Catherine C. Penner, Joyce E. TI A parameterization of cloud droplet nucleation part I: single aerosol type SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB A critical link between clouds and aerosols is the nucleation process, in which supersaturation activates some fraction of the aerosols to form cloud droplets. Under conditions of strong updraft velocity or low aerosol number concentration, high supersaturations are achieved and most of the aerosols are activated. At weaker updraft velocities or higher aerosol number concentrations, supersaturations remain low and only a small fraction of the aerosols are activated. These limiting cases are represented in the parameterization, N = N(a)w/(w + dN(a)) derived from Kohler theory, where N is the number of droplets nucleated, N. is the total aerosol number concentration and w is the updraft velocity. The coefficient d depends on the geometric standard deviation of the log-normal aerosol size distribution, the mode radius and the aerosol composition. The parameterization is compared with detailed simulations by a size-resolving Lagrangian parcel model. Differences are found to be less than 50% for realistic aerosol size distributions with aerosol number concentration ranging from 50 to 5000 cm(-3) and updraft velocity ranging from 1 to 500 cm s(-1). Errors in the sensitivity of N to changes in N-a are typically only 10%. Errors are comparable to those of the Twomey parameterization. The simplicity of the parameterization permits its application to three-dimensional atmospheric circulation models that cannot afford a size-resolving treatment of the nucleation process. C1 [Ghan, Steven J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Chuang, Catherine C.; Penner, Joyce E.] Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ghan, SJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Penner, Joyce/J-1719-2012; chuang, cathy/H-4814-2012; Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011 OI Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program; Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]; U.S. Department of Energy; LLNL [W-7405-Eng-48]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NAGW-1827] FX Leslie Edwards of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) supplied the detailed nucleation model upon which the parameterization is based. Dave Covert of the University of Washington provided the aerosol size distribution. This study was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program. Pacific Northwest Laboratory is operated for the DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. Work performed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by LLNL under contract W-7405-Eng-48. Work at LLNL is also supported in part by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under interagency agreement NAGW-1827. NR 22 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 30 IS 4 BP 198 EP 221 DI 10.1016/0169-8095(93)90024-I PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V26DG UT WOS:000208525700005 ER PT J AU AMBROSE, WP GOODWIN, PM JETT, JH JOHNSON, ME MARTIN, JC MARRONE, BL SCHECKER, JA WILKERSON, CW KELLER, RA HACES, A SHIH, PJ HARDING, JD AF AMBROSE, WP GOODWIN, PM JETT, JH JOHNSON, ME MARTIN, JC MARRONE, BL SCHECKER, JA WILKERSON, CW KELLER, RA HACES, A SHIH, PJ HARDING, JD TI APPLICATION OF SINGLE-MOLECULE DETECTION TO DNA-SEQUENCING AND SIZING SO BERICHTE DER BUNSEN-GESELLSCHAFT-PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Discussion Meeting of the Deutsche-Bunsen-Gesellschaft-fur-Physikalische-Chemie: Laser Diagnostics for Industrial Processes CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 1993 CL HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP DEUT BUNSEN GESELL PHYS CHEM DE BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY; FLUORESCENCE; LASER ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; RHODAMINE-6G; PROCESSIVITY; KINETICS; SAMPLES; FLOW AB We are developing a laser-based technique for the rapid sequencing of 40-kb or larger fragments of DNA at a rate of 100 to 1000 bases per second. Our approach relies on fluorescent labeling of the bases in a single fragment of DNA, attachment of this labeled DNA fragment to a support, movement of the supported DNA into a flowing sample stream, and detection of the individual, fluorescently labeled bases by laser-induced fluorescence as they are cleaved from the DNA fragment by an exonuclease. The ability to sequence large fragments of DNA will reduce significantly the amount of subcloning and the number of overlapping sequences required to assemble megabase segments of sequence information. We are also applying our sensitive fluorescence detection to sizing of DNA fragments. Large, fluorescently stained restriction fragments of lambda phage DNA are sized by passing individual fragments through a focused, continuous-wave laser beam in an ultrasensitive flow cytometer at a rate of approximately 60 fragments per second. The size of the fluorescence burst emitted by each stained fragment as it passes through the laser beam is measured in one millisecond. We have demonstrated flow cytometric sizing of DNA fragments in a approximately 0.1-pg sample of a restriction digest of lambda DNA in 164 seconds with sizing accuracy better than 98%. C1 GIBCO BRL,LIFE TECHNOL INC,CORP RES & MOLEC BIOL RES & DEV,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20898. RP AMBROSE, WP (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CTR HUMAN GENOME STUDIES,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 44 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 2 PU VCH PUBLISHERS INC PI DEERFIELD BEACH PA 303 NW 12TH AVE, DEERFIELD BEACH, FL 33442-1788 SN 0005-9021 J9 BER BUNSEN PHYS CHEM JI Ber. Bunsen-Ges. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 97 IS 12 BP 1535 EP 1542 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA MW347 UT WOS:A1993MW34700006 ER PT J AU GERMANN, GJ MCILROY, A DREIER, T FARROW, RL RAKESTRAW, DJ AF GERMANN, GJ MCILROY, A DREIER, T FARROW, RL RAKESTRAW, DJ TI DETECTION OF POLYATOMIC-MOLECULES USING INFRARED DEGENERATE 4-WAVE-MIXING SO BERICHTE DER BUNSEN-GESELLSCHAFT-PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Discussion Meeting of the Deutsche-Bunsen-Gesellschaft-fur-Physikalische-Chemie: Laser Diagnostics for Industrial Processes CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 1993 CL HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP DEUT BUNSEN GESELL PHYS CHEM DE NONLINEAR PHENOMENA; POLYATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTROSCOPY, INFRARED AB Degenerate four-wave mixing detection of methane and acetylene is demonstrated using rotational-vibrational transitions for resonance enhancement. High resolution spectra (<0.007 cm-1) of methane and acetylene, near 3000 and 3300 cm-1 respectively, have been acquired using a single-longitudinal-mode optical parametric oscillator. These experiments suggest that infrared degenerate four-wave mixing provides a new diagnostic capability for the sensitive detection of polyatomic molecules with high temporal and spatial resolution. RP GERMANN, GJ (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,COMBUST RES FACIL,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. RI Dreier, Thomas/S-6278-2016 OI Dreier, Thomas/0000-0001-8313-4992 NR 7 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU VCH PUBLISHERS INC PI DEERFIELD BEACH PA 303 NW 12TH AVE, DEERFIELD BEACH, FL 33442-1788 SN 0005-9021 J9 BER BUNSEN PHYS CHEM JI Ber. Bunsen-Ges. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 97 IS 12 BP 1630 EP 1634 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA MW347 UT WOS:A1993MW34700019 ER PT J AU RINCHIK, EM FLAHERTY, L RUSSELL, LB AF RINCHIK, EM FLAHERTY, L RUSSELL, LB TI HIGH-FREQUENCY INDUCTION OF CHROMOSOMAL REARRANGEMENTS IN MOUSE GERM-CELLS BY THE CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENT CHLORAMBUCIL SO BIOESSAYS LA English DT Article ID MUTATIONS; MICE; SPERMATIDS; MELPHALAN; DELETIONS; GENOME AB Recent mutagenesis studies have demonstrated that the chemotherapeutic agent, chlorambucil (CHL), is highly mutagenic in male germ cells of the mouse. Post-meiotic germ cells, and especially early spermatids, are the most sensitive to the cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of this agent. Genetic, cytogenetic and molecular analyses of many induced mutations have shown that, in these germ-cell stages, CHL induces predominantly chromosomal rearrangements (deletions and translocations), and mutation-rate studies show that, in terms of tolerated doses, CHL is perhaps five to ten times more efficient in inducing rearrangements than is radiation exposure. Appropriate breeding protocols, along with knowledge of the advantages and limitations associated with the use of CHL, can be used to expand the current resource of chromosomal rearrangements in the mouse and to provide new phenotype-associated mutations amenable to positional-cloning techniques. The analysis of CHL-induced mutations has also contributed to understanding the factors that affect the yield and nature of chemically induced germline mutations in mammals. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV BIOL,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. AXELROD INST,MOLEC GENET PROGRAM,WADSWORTH CTR LABS & RES,ALBANY,NY 12201. SUNY ALBANY,DEPT BIOL SCI,ALBANY,NY 12222. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK45616]; NIEHS NIH HHS [Y01-ES-10067]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM37947] NR 26 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4DL SN 0265-9247 J9 BIOESSAYS JI Bioessays PD DEC PY 1993 VL 15 IS 12 BP 831 EP 836 DI 10.1002/bies.950151210 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA MN716 UT WOS:A1993MN71600009 PM 8141802 ER PT J AU BRAUNSTEIN, DP CHU, K EGEBERG, KD FRAUENFELDER, H MOURANT, JR NIENHAUS, GU ORMOS, P SLIGAR, SG SPRINGER, BA YOUNG, RD AF BRAUNSTEIN, DP CHU, K EGEBERG, KD FRAUENFELDER, H MOURANT, JR NIENHAUS, GU ORMOS, P SLIGAR, SG SPRINGER, BA YOUNG, RD TI LIGAND-BINDING TO HEME-PROTEINS .3. FTIR STUDIES OF HIS-E7 AND VAL-E11 MUTANTS OF CARBONMONOXYMYOGLOBIN SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SPERM WHALE MYOGLOBIN; SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; CARBON-MONOXIDE; DISTAL HISTIDINE; RESONANCE RAMAN; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; SYNTHETIC GENE; C-O; HEMOGLOBIN; DYNAMICS AB Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) difference spectra of several His-E7 and Val-E11 mutants of sperm whale carbonmonoxymyoglobin were obtained by photodissociation at cryogenic temperatures. The IR absorption of the CO ligand shows characteristic features for each of the mutants, both in the ligand-bound (A) state and in the photodissociated (B) state For most of the mutants, a single A substate band is observed, which points to the crucial role of the His-E7 residue in determining the A substate spectrum of the bound CO in the native structure. The fact that some of the mutants show more than one stretch band of the bound CO indicates that the appearance of multiple A substates is not exclusively connected to the presence of His-E7. In all but one mutant, multiple stretch bands of the CO in the photodissociated state are observed; these 8 substates are thought to arise from discrete positions and/or orientations of the photodissociated ligand in the heme pocket. The red shifts of the B bands with respect to the free-gas frequency indicate weak binding in the heme pocket. The observation of similar red shifts in microperoxidase (MP-8), where there is no residue on the distal side, suggests that the photodissociated ligand is still associated with the heme iron. Photoselection experiments were performed to determine the orientation of the bound ligand with respect to the heme normal by photolyzing small fractions of the sample with linearly polarized light at 540 nm. The resulting linear dichroism in the CO stretch spectrum yielded angles alpha greater-than-or-equal-to 20-degrees between the CO molecular axis and the heme normal for all of the mutants. We conclude that the off-axis position of the CO ligand in the native structure does not arise from steric constraints imposed by the distal histidine. There is no clear correlation between the size of the distal residue and the angle alpha of the CO ligand. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PHYS,1110 W GREEN ST,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT CHEM,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PHYS,URBANA,IL 61801. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. HUNGARIAN ACAD SCI,INST BIOPHYS,H-6701 SZEGED,HUNGARY. ILLINOIS STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,NORMAL,IL 61761. RI Nienhaus, Gerd Ulrich/G-8698-2012; OI Nienhaus, Gerd Ulrich/0000-0002-5027-3192; Ormos, Pal/0000-0003-2541-5686 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 18051, GM 31656, GM 33775] NR 55 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 7 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 65 IS 6 BP 2447 EP 2454 PG 8 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA MM054 UT WOS:A1993MM05400019 PM 8312483 ER PT J AU SULLIVAN, TJ ELLIS, JS FOSTER, CS FOSTER, KT BASKETT, RL NASSTROM, JS SCHALK, WW AF SULLIVAN, TJ ELLIS, JS FOSTER, CS FOSTER, KT BASKETT, RL NASSTROM, JS SCHALK, WW TI ATMOSPHERIC RELEASE ADVISORY CAPABILITY - REAL-TIME MODELING OF AIRBORNE HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID KUWAIT OIL FIRES; COMPLEX TERRAIN; DISPERSION; AREA AB The Atmospheric Release Advisory Capability (ARAC) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is a centralized federal project for assessing atmospheric releases of hazardous materials in real time. Since ARAC began making assessments in 1974, the project has responded to over 60 domestic and international incidents. ARAC can model radiological accidents in the United States within 30 to 90 min, using its operationally robust, three-dimensional atmospheric transport and dispersion models, extensive geophysical and dose-factor databases, meteorological data acquisition systems, and experienced staff . Although it was originally conceived and developed as an emergency response and assessment service for providing dose-assessment calculations after nuclear accidents, it has proven to be an extremely adaptable system, capable of being modified to respond also to nonradiological hazardous releases. In 1991, ARAC responded to three major events: the oil fires in Kuwait, the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in the Philippines, and an herbicide spill into the upper Sacramento River in California. Modeling the atmospheric effects of these events added significantly to the range of problems that ARAC can address and demonstrated that the system can be adapted to assess and respond to concurrent, multiple, unrelated events at different locations. C1 EG&G ENERGY MEASUREMENTS INC,PLEASANTON,CA. RP SULLIVAN, TJ (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DIV REG ATMOSPHER SCI,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 55 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 74 IS 12 BP 2343 EP 2361 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1993)074<2343:ARACRT>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MM614 UT WOS:A1993MM61400003 ER PT J AU HARBEN, PE HJORTENBERG, E AF HARBEN, PE HJORTENBERG, E TI VARIATION IN MICROSEISM POWER AND DIRECTION OF APPROACH IN NORTHEAST GREENLAND SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB Previous work on background noise at seismic stations in Greenland has shown minimum seismic noise in the winter months for frequencies around 1 Hz and maximum seismic noise in the winter months for periods around 6 sec. We have analyzed microseism data from three new digital seismic stations installed during the summer of 1991 in northeast Greenland at Nord, Daneborg, and Scoresbysund. We determined seasonal and station-to-station variations in spectral power density between August and December in the frequency band between 10 sec periods and 5-Hz frequencies. These variations are in agreement with previous studies at periods of 1 and 6 sec. During the summer months, all three stations recorded a minimum for the average spectral power density in the microseism band between 10- and 5-sec periods. From about 3-sec periods to at least 5-Hz frequencies, the average spectral power density is at a maximum during the summer at all three stations. Conversely, the winter months have a maximum in spectral power density between 10- and 5-sec periods and a minimum between about 3-sec periods and at least 5-Hz frequencies at all stations. Station-to-station average-spectral-power-density comparisons show that Nord and Daneborg are roughly comparable over most of the frequency band between 10-sec periods and at least 5-Hz frequencies. Scoresbysund has a systematically higher spectral power density between 8-sec periods and at least 5-Hz frequencies. Overall, Nord had the lowest background seismic noise, at some frequencies approaching the values of a low noise model. We determined average direction of approaches in the 8- to 4-sec period band for each station during the months of August and November; these determinations agreed with previous studies. The predominant average direction of approaches were: southwest for Nord, south for Daneborg, and southeast for Scoresbysund. Although the microseism amplitude is larger and the direction-of-approach scatter is smaller during the winter months at all three stations, the direction-of-approach mean is apparently independent of season. A large number of storms develop around Iceland and typically track northeast, giving rise to large amplitude microseisms at Scoresbysund but relatively small amplitude microseisms at Daneborg and no microseism activity at Nord. This complete lack of microseism energy at Nord (and to a lesser degree Daneborg) from known frequent microseism sources in the Greenland Sea is shown for one 5-day period in August 1991. Other studies have shown that thick sediments in the Atlantic Ocean's continental margins are responsible for the absence of short-period surface waves from mid-ocean ridge earthquakes that have paths traversing such continental margins. Thick sediments act to attenuate, scatter, and disperse short-period surface waves. Indirect evidence indicates that the northeast Greenland shelf has thick and variable sediment layers. Because the paths of surface waves to Nord (and to a lesser extent Daneborg) originating from typical storms in the Greenland Sea have long path lengths traversing the northeast Greenland shelf, we conclude that this is the likely explanation for the lack of southeast directions from Nord (and to a lesser degree Daneborg) in the observed microseism direction of approaches. C1 KORT & MATRIKELSTYRELSEN,OFF SEISMOL,DK-2400 COPENHAGEN,DENMARK. RP HARBEN, PE (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 83 IS 6 BP 1939 EP 1958 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MM888 UT WOS:A1993MM88800018 ER PT J AU SNYDERWINE, EG BUONARATI, MH FELTON, JS TURTELTAUB, KW AF SNYDERWINE, EG BUONARATI, MH FELTON, JS TURTELTAUB, KW TI METABOLISM OF THE FOOD-DERIVED MUTAGEN CARCINOGEN 2-AMINO-1-METHYL-6-PHENYLIMIDAZO[4,5-B]PYRIDINE (PHIP) IN NONHUMAN-PRIMATES SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article ID COOKED FOOD; HETEROCYCLIC AMINES; BORNE CARCINOGEN; LIVER-MICROSOMES; PYRIDINE PHIP; RAT-LIVER; ACTIVATION; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; BEEF AB Metabolism of the food-derived heterocyclic amine mutagen/ carcinogen 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b] pyridine (PhIP) was examined in cynomolgus monkeys. [H-3]PhIP (50 mu mol/kg, p.o) was extensively metabolized, with only 1% of the dose excreted into the urine as parent compound. Four metabolites were isolated by HPLC and identified: PhIP-4'-O-glucuronide, PhIP-4'-sulfate, 4'-hydroxy-PhIP and a glucuronide conjugate of N-hydroxy-PhIP. All four metabolites were detected in urine, bile and plasma of monkeys. 4'-Hydroxy-PhIP and PhIP were found in feces. The major PhIP metabolite in urine, bile and plasma was PhIP-4'-sulfate. In urine this metabolite constituted similar to 64-72% of the radioactivity excreted. The clearance of PhIP and PhIP metabolites from plasma was rapid, with the largest elimination occurring within 8 h. Administration of nine consecutive daily doses of unlabeled PhIP (50 mu mol/kg, p.o.) prior to administration of [H-3]PhIP (50 mu mol/kg, p.o.) did not alter the plasma clearance of radiolabeled PhIP or PhIP metabolites, suggesting that this multiple-dose regimen did not induce or alter PhIP metabolism. PhIP formed DNA adducts in white blood cells, as determined by the P-32-postlabeling method. The levels of PhIP-DNA adducts in blood appeared to peak 3 h after administering a single dose of PhIP (50 mu mol/kg, p.o.) and were still detected 1 week after dosing. The presence of the glucuronide conjugate of N-hydroxy-PhIP in urine, bile and plasma, and the presence of PhIP-DNA adducts in white blood cells indicate that PhIP undergoes metabolic activation via N-hydroxylation in cynomolgus monkeys. The results suggest that PhIP is activated in vivo to genotoxic metabolites in nonhuman primates and thus is a potential carcinogen in this species. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,BIOL & BIOTECHNOL RES PROGRAM,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. RP SNYDERWINE, EG (reprint author), NCI,DIV CANC ETIOL,EXPTL CARCINOGENESIS LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 55861-01] NR 38 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD DEC PY 1993 VL 14 IS 12 BP 2517 EP 2522 DI 10.1093/carcin/14.12.2517 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA MN311 UT WOS:A1993MN31100012 PM 8269621 ER PT J AU BEUGELSDIJK, TJ HOLLEN, RM ERKKILA, TH AF BEUGELSDIJK, TJ HOLLEN, RM ERKKILA, TH TI THE STANDARD LABORATORY MODULE - AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO STANDARDIZATION IN THE ANALYTICAL LABORATORY SO CHEMOMETRICS AND INTELLIGENT LABORATORY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Automation, Robotics, and Artificial Intelligence Applied to Analytical Chemistry / 2nd International Conference on Robotics in Laboratory Medicine CY FEB 23-26, 1993 CL MONTREUX, SWITZERLAND AB Certainly one of the biggest challenges and needs facing the analytical laboratory of the '90s is that of integration and standardization. The US Department of Energy, through its immense environmental program, has launched a program aimed at standardizing the technologies used in the laboratory. This program, led by Los Alamos National Laboratory, has developed the concept of the standard laboratory module (SLM), which forms the building block for methods and laboratories. An SLM is a hardware and/or software module which performs a complete subtask in an analytical protocol. This paper will describe the program to date with emphasis on the SLM and illustrate its integration into methods and, ultimately, the laboratory. RP BEUGELSDIJK, TJ (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7439 J9 CHEMOMETR INTELL LAB JI Chemometrics Intell. Lab. Syst. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 21 IS 2-3 BP 207 EP 214 DI 10.1016/0169-7439(93)89011-X PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry, Analytical; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics GA MQ552 UT WOS:A1993MQ55200011 ER PT J AU HINTON, ER HANZELKA, CC HOWARD, GG AF HINTON, ER HANZELKA, CC HOWARD, GG TI THE APPLICATION OF ROBOTICS TO FLUOROMETRIC AND ISOTOPIC ANALYSES OF URANIUM SO CHEMOMETRICS AND INTELLIGENT LABORATORY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Automation, Robotics, and Artificial Intelligence Applied to Analytical Chemistry / 2nd International Conference on Robotics in Laboratory Medicine CY FEB 23-26, 1993 CL MONTREUX, SWITZERLAND AB Two laboratory robots provide analytical support to two laboratories within the Analytical Services Organization of the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant. One system prepares uranium metals and oxides for isotopic analysis by thermal ionization mass spectrometry. The second system prepares and analyzes air filter samples for uranium content. The robots have proven to be excellent assets to the laboratories in productivity improvement, waste reduction, and personnel safety. Robotics and automation will continue to provide substantial benefits to future analytical methodology within the Y-12 Plant. RP HINTON, ER (reprint author), MARTIN MARIETTA ENERGY SYST INC,ANALYT SERV ORG,OAK RIDGE Y12 PLANT,POB 2009,BLDG 9995,MS-8189,OAK RIDGE,TN 37830, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7439 J9 CHEMOMETR INTELL LAB JI Chemometrics Intell. Lab. Syst. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 21 IS 2-3 BP 223 EP 227 DI 10.1016/0169-7439(93)89013-Z PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry, Analytical; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics GA MQ552 UT WOS:A1993MQ55200013 ER PT J AU OLINS, AL CACHEIRO, LH HERRMANN, AL DHAR, MS OLINS, DE AF OLINS, AL CACHEIRO, LH HERRMANN, AL DHAR, MS OLINS, DE TI INACCESSIBILITY OF THE EUPLOTES TELOMERE BINDING-PROTEIN SO CHROMOSOMA LA English DT Article ID OXYTRICHA MACRONUCLEAR DNA; CHROMATIN STRUCTURE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; REPLICATION BANDS; NUCLEAR MATRIX; 3' TERMINUS; YEAST; EURYSTOMUS; GENE; SEQUENCE AB The telomere binding protein (TP) from the macronucleus of the ciliate Euplotes eurystomus was purified by removal of tenaciously bound DNA with hydroxylapatite, and the purified TP partially sequenced. Rabbit antiserum was generated against a synthetic peptide of 14 amino acids at the amino-terminus of the TP. This antiserum was employed to examine the accessibility of TP antigenic determinants in nuclei and chromatin. Immunofluorescent staining of isolated macronuclei revealed only weak reactivity with specific antiserum. Reactivity within replication bands was demonstrated, and could be augumented by preparation of nuclear scaffolds. Employing a dot immunoblot analysis, the amino-terminal antigenic determinants of TP were revealed after extraction of histone H1 (and some nonhistones). A different aspect of TP inaccessibility was demonstrated by immunoblot analysis of trypsin-treated macronuclei and chromatin; TP was considerably less susceptible to digestion by trypsin than were histones H1 and H3. The relative inaccessibility of TP was not a consequence of chromatin higher-order structure, since soluble macronuclear chromatin in low salt exhibited the same burying of antigenic determinants by dot blot analysis, and the same decreased susceptibility to trypsin, as did isolated nuclei. Electron microscopy of soluble macronuclear chromatin spread in low salt revealed that most telomeres appear unfolded, without stable higher-order structure. The mechanisms for the relative inaccessibility of TP are not yet known, but probably arise as a consequence of the strong interactions of TP with the telomere nucleotide sequence and additional interactions of TP with various chromatin proteins, perhaps including histone H1. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV BIOL,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP OLINS, AL (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,GRAD SCH BIOMED SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 57 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0009-5915 J9 CHROMOSOMA JI Chromosoma PD DEC PY 1993 VL 102 IS 10 BP 700 EP 711 DI 10.1007/BF00650896 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA MW787 UT WOS:A1993MW78700004 PM 7512014 ER PT J AU BISH, DL AF BISH, DL TI RIETVELD REFINEMENT OF THE KAOLINITE STRUCTURE AT 1.5-K SO CLAYS AND CLAY MINERALS LA English DT Article DE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE; H-POSITIONS; KAOLINITE; LOW TEMPERATURE; NEUTRON POWDER DIFFRACTION; RIETVELD REFINEMENT ID STACKING-FAULTS; ATOM POSITIONS; GROUP MINERALS; LOW-SYMMETRY; DICKITE; ORIENTATION; DIFFRACTION; MICROSCOPY; NACRITE AB The crystal structure of Keokuk kaolinite, including all H atoms, was refined in space group C1 using low-temperature (1.5 K) neutron powder diffraction data (lambda = 1.9102 angstrom) and Rietveld refinement/difference-Fourier methods to R(wp) = 1.78%, reduced chi2 = 3.32. Unit-cell parameters are: a = 5.1535(3) angstrom, b = 8.9419(5) angstrom, c = 7.3906(4) angstrom, alpha = 91.926(2)-degrees, beta = 105.046(2)-degrees, gamma = 89.797(2)-degrees, and V = 328.70(5) angstrom3. Unit-cell parameters show that most of the thermal contraction occurred along the [001] direction, apparently due to a decrease in the interlayer distance. The non-H structure is very similar to published Cl structures, considering the low temperature of data collection, but the H atom positions are distinct. The inner OH group is essentially in the plane of the layers, and the inner-surface OH groups make angles of 60-degrees-73-degrees with the (00 1) plane. Difference-Fourier maps show minor anisotropy of the inner-OH group in the [001] direction, but the inner-surface OH groups appear to have their largest vibrational (or positional disorder) component parallel to the layers. Although no data indicate a split position of any of the H sites in kaolinite,there is support for limited random positional disorder of the H atoms. However, these data provided no support for a space group symmetry lower than Cl. RP BISH, DL (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV EARTH & ENVIRONM SCI,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 26 TC 213 Z9 220 U1 5 U2 46 PU CLAY MINERALS SOCIETY PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 4416, BOULDER, CO 80306 SN 0009-8604 J9 CLAY CLAY MINER JI Clay Clay Min. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 41 IS 6 BP 738 EP 744 DI 10.1346/CCMN.1993.0410613 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Soil Science SC Chemistry; Geology; Mineralogy; Agriculture GA NB845 UT WOS:A1993NB84500013 ER PT J AU GAYLORD, M SMITH, Z LORCH, V BLANK, M SNYDER, F AF GAYLORD, M SMITH, Z LORCH, V BLANK, M SNYDER, F TI ELEVATED PLATELET-ACTIVATING-FACTOR LEVELS IN THE 1ST WEEK OF LIFE ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THE SEVERITY OF BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA IN VERY-LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV TENNESSEE CTR HLTH SCI,GRAD SCH MED,MEMPHIS,TN 38163. OAK RIDGE ASSOCIATED UNIV,OAK RIDGE,TN 37830. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 41 IS 4 BP A805 EP A805 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA MN948 UT WOS:A1993MN94800484 ER PT J AU HURT, RH SAROFIM, AF LONGWELL, JP AF HURT, RH SAROFIM, AF LONGWELL, JP TI GASIFICATION-INDUCED DENSIFICATION OF CARBONS - FROM SOOT TO FORM COKE SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Note C1 MASSACHUSETTS INST TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM ENGN,CAMBRIDGE,MA. RP HURT, RH (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,COMBUST RES FACIL,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 14 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD DEC PY 1993 VL 95 IS 4 BP 430 EP 432 DI 10.1016/0010-2180(93)90009-R PG 3 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA MK602 UT WOS:A1993MK60200009 ER PT J AU AUERBACH, SM LEFORESTIER, C AF AUERBACH, SM LEFORESTIER, C TI A NEW COMPUTATIONAL ALGORITHM FOR GREENS-FUNCTIONS - FOURIER-TRANSFORM OF THE NEWTON POLYNOMIAL EXPANSION SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID DISCRETE VARIABLE REPRESENTATION; DEPENDENT SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; ABSORBING BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; KOHN VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLE; S-MATRIX VERSION; REACTIVE SCATTERING; RATE CONSTANTS; QUANTUM; SYSTEMS; ACCURATE AB A new iterative method to compute the Green's function for continuum systems is presented. It is based on a Newton polynomial expansion of the corresponding propagator, followed by accurate half-Fourier transformation. The new technique is remarkably stable, accurate and can handle very large systems. We apply the new method to the calculation of three-dimensional quantum reaction probabilities for the initial state-selected D + H-2(n,j) --> DH + H reaction. We find excellent agreement with previous results, requiring very modest amounts of CPU time. C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV CHEM SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV PARIS 11,CHIM THEOR LAB,F-91405 ORSAY,FRANCE. RP AUERBACH, SM (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT CHEM,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Garcia-Sanchez, Almudena/B-3303-2009 NR 39 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 78 IS 1-2 BP 55 EP 66 DI 10.1016/0010-4655(93)90142-Y PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA MM217 UT WOS:A1993MM21700005 ER PT J AU CONGDON, JD DUNHAM, AE SELS, RCV AF CONGDON, JD DUNHAM, AE SELS, RCV TI DELAYED SEXUAL MATURITY AND DEMOGRAPHICS OF BLANDING TURTLES (EMYDOIDEA-BLANDINGII) - IMPLICATIONS FOR CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF LONG-LIVED ORGANISMS SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A study of Blanding's turtles conducted during 27 of the last 3 7 years provided demographic data sufficient to examine how life-history characteristics may constrain population responses of long-lived organisms. Eight independent estimates of annual adult survivorship exceeded 93%. Nest survival was variable and ranged from 0.0 to 63% annually, with a mean of 44% from 1976 to 1984 and 3.3% from 1985 to 1991. Recruitment of juveniles and adults was sufficient to replace individuals estimated to have died during the study. A life table for the population resulted in a cohort generation time of 3 7 years and required a 72% annual survivorship of juveniles between 1 and 13 years of age to maintain a stable population. Population stability was most sensitive to changes in adult or juvenile survival and less sensitive to changes in age at sexual maturity, nest survival, or fecundity. The results from the present study indicate that life-history traits of long-lived organisms consist of co-evolved traits that result in severe constraints on the ability of populations to respond to chronic disturbances. Successful management and conservation programs for long-lived organisms will be those that recognize that protection of all life stages is necessary. Programs such as headstarting or protection only of nesting sites, in the absence of programs to reduce mortality of older juveniles and adults, appear to be less than, adequate to save long-lived organisms such as sea turtles and some tortoises. The concept of sustainable harvest of already-reduced populations of long-lived organisms appears to be an oxymoron RP CONGDON, JD (reprint author), SAVANNAH RIVER ECOL LAB,DRAWER E,AIKEN,SC 29820, USA. NR 0 TC 352 Z9 377 U1 9 U2 303 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 7 IS 4 BP 826 EP 833 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1993.740826.x PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MP158 UT WOS:A1993MP15800012 ER PT J AU CHEN, JS SALMERON, M DEVINE, TM AF CHEN, JS SALMERON, M DEVINE, TM TI INTERGRANULAR AND TRANSGRANULAR STRESS-CORROSION CRACKING OF CU-30AU SO CORROSION SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-BRASS AB The mechanism of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of Cu-30Au in 0.6 M NaCl was investigated by a series of experiments in which samples were de-alloyed by potentiostatic anodic polarization at 475 mV (Ag/AgCl) and at zero applied stress (i) for varying lengths of time (10 to 30 min) and then impact bent, and (ii) for 30 min followed by a period of time (5-30 s) at the open circuit potential and then impact bent, and (iii) for 30 min followed by anodic polarization at +150 mV (Ag/AgCl) for a period of time (5-30) and then impact bent. The results indicate that de-alloying at zero applied stress produces a surface layer that is capable for a brief period of time of inducing intergranular cleavage failure of the normally ductile substrate. In addition, samples were de-alloyed and simultaneously stressed at various nominal values (0.5-1.7 sigma(y)). At low values of stress, failure occurred by brittle intergranular cracking, and at high values of stress, failure occurred by brittle transgranular cracking. The results indicate that the electrochemical contribution to the SCC of Cu-30Au in 0.6 M NaCl is the same for both intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) and transgranular !;tress corrosion cracking (TGSCC) and that the mode of fracture is dictated by the magnitude of the applied stress. C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV MAT SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP CHEN, JS (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT MAT SCI & MINERAL ENGN,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 39 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0010-938X J9 CORROS SCI JI Corrosion Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 34 IS 12 BP 2071 EP 2097 DI 10.1016/0010-938X(93)90061-K PG 27 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA ML120 UT WOS:A1993ML12000011 ER PT J AU MCBREEN, J AF MCBREEN, J TI MATERIALS FOR SECONDARY BATTERIES SO DENKI KAGAKU LA English DT Editorial Material RP MCBREEN, J (reprint author), ASSOC UNIV INC,BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA 12-1 1 CHOME YURAKU-CHO, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO 100, JAPAN SN 0366-9297 J9 DENKI KAGAKU JI Denki Kagaku PD DEC PY 1993 VL 61 IS 12 BP 1337 EP 1337 PG 1 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA MM361 UT WOS:A1993MM36100001 ER PT J AU UE, M VISCO, SJ DEJONGHE, LC AF UE, M VISCO, SJ DEJONGHE, LC TI COMPARISON OF CATHODE UTILIZATION BETWEEN POLYMERIC ORGANODISULFIDE AND TITANIUM DISULFIDE IN SOLID POLYMER ELECTROLYTE RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM CELLS SO DENKI KAGAKU LA English DT Article DE RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM CELL; ORGANODISULFIDE; TITANIUM DISULFIDE; POLYMER ELECTROLYTE ID THIN-FILM; BATTERIES; STATE; POLYACETYLENE; PERFORMANCE; VANADIUM; OXIDES AB Cathode utilization of a polymeric organodisulfide prepared from 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole was compared, with that of titanium disulfide in an all-solid-state, thin film, rechargeable cell based on a solid polymer electrolyte operated at 95 degrees C. The cathode utilization of the polymeric organodisulfide was remarkably enhanced by the use of LiN(CF3SO2)(2) instead of LiCF3SO3 in a polyethylene oxide-based electrolyte and achieved up to 80 % (1.3 mAhcm(-2)) at a 0.5 mAcm(-2) discharge rate, where 30 wt % of the active material was loaded in the cathode. The cathode utilization of titanium disulfide was almost the same as the polymeric organodisulfide at equivalent loading levels on a volume basis. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV MAT SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 29 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA 12-1 1 CHOME YURAKU-CHO, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO 100, JAPAN SN 0366-9297 J9 DENKI KAGAKU JI Denki Kagaku PD DEC PY 1993 VL 61 IS 12 BP 1409 EP 1416 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA MM361 UT WOS:A1993MM36100016 ER PT J AU HENSLEY, FR AF HENSLEY, FR TI ONTOGENIC LOSS OF PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY OF AGE AT METAMORPHOSIS IN TADPOLES SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AMPHIBIA; ANURA; COMPLEX LIFE CYCLE; DEVELOPMENTAL CONSTRAINT; LARVAL ECOLOGY; METAMORPHOSIS; OPTIMAL BODY SIZE; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; PSEUDACRIS-CRUCIFER; WILBUR-COLLINS MODEL ID AMPHIBIAN METAMORPHOSIS; SIZE; HISTORY; TIME; BULLFROG; MATURITY AB Amphibian larvae exhibit phenotypic plasticity in size at metamorphosis and duration of the larval period. I used Pseudacris crucifer tadpoles to test two models for predicting tadpole age and size at metamorphosis under changing environmental conditions. The Wilbur-Collins model states that metamorphosis is initiated as a function of a tadpole's size and relative growth rate, and predicts that changes in growth rate throughout the larval period affect age and size at metamorphosis. An alternative model, the fixed-rate model, states that age at metamorphosis is fixed early in larval life, and subsequent changes in growth rate will have no effect on the length of the larval period. My results confirm that food supplies affect both age and size at metamorphosis, but developmental rates became fixed at approximately Gosner (1960) stages 3 5-37. Neither model completely predicted these results. I suggest that the generally accepted Wilbur-Collins model is improved by incorporating a point of fixed developmental timing. Growth trajectories predicted from this modified model fit the results of this study better than trajectories based on either of the original models. The results of this study suggest a constraint that limits the simultaneous optimization of age and size at metamorphosis. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT ZOOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP HENSLEY, FR (reprint author), SAVANNAH RIVER ECOL LAB,PO DRAWER E,AIKEN,SC 29802, USA. NR 32 TC 93 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 7 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD DEC PY 1993 VL 74 IS 8 BP 2405 EP 2412 DI 10.2307/1939591 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MJ575 UT WOS:A1993MJ57500020 ER PT J AU TINKLE, DW DUNHAM, AE CONGDON, JD AF TINKLE, DW DUNHAM, AE CONGDON, JD TI LIFE-HISTORY AND DEMOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN THE LIZARD SCELOPORUS-GRACIOSUS - A LONG-TERM STUDY SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CLUTCH SIZE; DEMOGRAPHY; DENSITY; GROWTH; LIFE HISTORY; LIZARDS; SCELOPORUS-GRACIOSUS; UTAH ID EVOLUTION; CONSTRAINTS; MERRIAMI; AVAILABILITY; PROXIMATE; SELECTION; AGE AB An 11-yr study of life history and demographic variation in the sagebrush lizard Sceloporus graciosus was carried out on two study areas (Rattlesnake Ridge and Ponderosa Flat) in the Kolob Mesa Section of Zion National Park, Utah. Two primary objectives of this mark-recapture study were to: (1) quantify variation in age structure, age and size at maturity, age-specific survivorship and fecundity, and individual growth rates, and (2) conduct a series of density reduction experiments designed to elucidate the effects of density on growth rates and survival of posthatchling lizards. In addition, we examined the relationships of variation in population density and deviation from long-term average precipitation and temperature to variation in individual growth, reproduction, and demography. At both sites the active season was almost-equal-to 160 d, extending from early April to mid-September. Reproduction occurred during a 50-d period between mid-May and early July. Mean clutch size was 3.7 eggs and most females produced their first clutch in the 2nd yr of life (their third active season) at an age of almost-equal-to 22-24 mo and a minimum snout-vent length of almost-equal-to 50 mm. Most mature females produced two clutches of eggs per year, and there was no statistically significant variation in either mean clutch size or body-size-adjusted clutch size among the 11 yr of study. Clutch size was significantly correlated with body size. Relative clutch mass averaged 0.247 and was not significantly correlated with body size. Since hatchlings first appeared in early to mid-August, their first growing season was almost-equal-to 2 mo long. There was no significant sexual dimorphism in growth rate or body size in either population. There was great variation in estimates of egg-yearling survival among years. Egg-yearling survival probability varied from 0.12 to 0.59 with a mean of 0.28. At Ponderosa Flat, the survival of yearling males (0.38) was significantly lower than that of yearling females (0.47). Survival of yearling males (0.45) and females (0.43) at Rattlesnake Ridge was not significantly different. There were no other significant differences in the survival of males and females (XBAR = 0.56 for both sexes) within any age class in any year of the study. However, the survival of yearlings was significantly lower than that of older lizards in both populations. Mean posthatchling survival over all years was 0.45, and there was significant heterogeneity in posthatchling survival among years. Average annual survival of immigrants (0.32) was significantly lower than that of residents (0.44). There was a significant negative linear relatonship between yearling body size in late June and total density of posthatchling lizards. A stepwise linear regression model revealed significant effects of both rainfall (and presumably resource availability) and population density on the growth of yearlings. This model explained 78% of the annual variation in yearling growth. Rank correlation analysis revealed that survivorship of hatchlings was negatively correlated with density of conspecific lizards. The negative correlation implies direct density dependence of hatchling mortality rates and is a potentially important mechanism of population regulation. Removals of almost all yearling and older age lizards from the study sites resulted in significant increases in growth rates of hatchlings in the year of the removal and yearlings during the following year. Four results from this study combine to suggest substantial resource limitation of S. graciosus on the Kolob Mesa. (1) Snout-vent lengths attained by yearling lizards were positively correlated with deviations from long-term mean rainfall values. (2) Body sizes attained by yearlings were greatest in the years following density reductions. (3) Body size attained by yearlings was negatively correlated with density of conspecifics. And (4), in a year in which a density reduction followed a warm, wet spring, more yearling females reached maturity than in all other years of the study combined. Finally, we compared data from the Kolob Mesa populations to those from other populations of S. graciosus. C1 UNIV PENN,DEPT BIOL,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. UNIV MICHIGAN,MUSEUM ZOOL,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. SAVANNAH RIVER ECOL LAB,AIKEN,SC 29801. NR 44 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 4 U2 33 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD DEC PY 1993 VL 74 IS 8 BP 2413 EP 2429 DI 10.2307/1939592 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MJ575 UT WOS:A1993MJ57500021 ER PT J AU KNEZOVICH, JP INOUYE, LS AF KNEZOVICH, JP INOUYE, LS TI THE INFLUENCE OF SEDIMENT AND COLLOIDAL MATERIAL ON THE BIOAVAILABILITY OF A QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SURFACTANT SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article ID POLY-ELECTROLYTES; AQUATIC ORGANISMS; TOXICITIES; MIDGE RP KNEZOVICH, JP (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI L-453,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 26 IS 3 BP 253 EP 264 DI 10.1006/eesa.1993.1054 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA ML370 UT WOS:A1993ML37000001 PM 7507816 ER PT J AU PANKUCH, M BELL, R MELENDRES, CA AF PANKUCH, M BELL, R MELENDRES, CA TI COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF THE ANODIC FILMS ON TITANIUM IN AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Note DE RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY; TITANIUM OXIDE FILM; ANODIC FILMS ON TITANIUM; COMPOSITION; STRUCTURE ID RAMAN-SPECTRA; PASSIVE FILM; IRON; SPECTROSCOPY; BREAKDOWN AB Surface-enhanced Raman spectra of the amorphous him on titanium have been obtained for the first time. The anodic corrosion him at low potentials is identified to be highly disordered TiO2 with some Ti2O3 also present. The presence of the anatase and rutile modifications of TiO2 at high voltages (greater than or equal to 80 V) is confirmed. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM TECHNOL,ARGONNE,IL 60439. NR 19 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD DEC PY 1993 VL 38 IS 18 BP 2777 EP 2779 DI 10.1016/0013-4686(93)85098-J PG 3 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA ML005 UT WOS:A1993ML00500017 ER PT J AU SCHWARTZ, SE AF SCHWARTZ, SE TI DOES FOSSIL-FUEL COMBUSTION LEAD TO GLOBAL WARMING SO ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1992 EPRI/SIO Symposium on Global Warming CY SEP, 1992 CL LA JOLLA, CA SP ELECT POWER RES INST, SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG ID CLOUD ALBEDO; CLIMATE; SULFUR; EMISSIONS; MODEL; CO2; AEROSOLS; CYCLE AB Tropospheric sulfate aerosols produced by atmospheric oxidation of SO2 emitted from fossil fuel combustion scatter solar radiation and enhance the reflectivity of clouds. Both effects decrease the absorption of solar radiation by the earth-atmosphere system. This cooling influence tends to offset the warming influence resulting from increased absorption of terrestrial infrared radiation by increased atmospheric concentrations of CO2. The sulfate forcing is estimated to be offsetting 70% of the forcing by CO2 derived from fossil fuel combustion, although the uncertainty of this estimate is quite large-range 28 to 140%, the latter figure indicating that the present combined forcing is net cooling. Because of the vastly different atmospheric residence times of sulfate aerosol (about a week) and CO2 (about 100 years), the cooling influence of sulfate aerosol is exerted immediately, whereas most of the warming influence of CO2 is exerted over more than 100 years. Consequently the total forcing integrated over the entire time the materials reside in the atmosphere is net warming, with the total CO2 forcing estimated to exceed the sulfate forcing by a factor of 4 (uncertainty range 2 to more than 10). The present situation in which the forcing by sulfate is comparable to that; by CO2 is shown to be a consequence of the steeply increasing rates of emissions over the industrial era. RP SCHWARTZ, SE (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM CHEM,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. RI Schwartz, Stephen/C-2729-2008 OI Schwartz, Stephen/0000-0001-6288-310X NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0360-5442 J9 ENERGY JI Energy PD DEC PY 1993 VL 18 IS 12 BP 1229 EP 1248 DI 10.1016/0360-5442(93)90012-3 PG 20 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA MP998 UT WOS:A1993MP99800004 ER PT J AU WUEBBLES, DJ KINNISON, DE AF WUEBBLES, DJ KINNISON, DE TI ISSUES AND CONCERNS ABOUT GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC OZONE SO ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1992 EPRI/SIO Symposium on Global Warming CY SEP, 1992 CL LA JOLLA, CA SP ELECT POWER RES INST, SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG ID STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; CLIMATE; TRENDS AB The ozone in the global troposphere and stratosphere plays several important roles in affecting humanity and other living organisms on Earth. Ozone is important as an absorber of solar ultraviolet radiation, preventing biologically harmful levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from reaching the Earth's surface. Ozone is also a greenhouse gas and its global distribution plays an important role in determining the Earth's climate. In recent years, it has become progressively clearer that human activities may be affecting the amount of ozone in the global atmosphere. Atmospheric measurements now indicate that the amount of ozone in the stratosphere is decreasing, while the amount of ozone in the global troposphere, the atmosphere below about 10 km altitude, appears to be increasing. Overall, the vertically integrated amount of ozone, referred to as the total ozone column, is decreasing. Understanding the changes occurring to ozone and determining the appropriate societal response present important challenges to scientists and to policymakers. In,this paper, we review the current scientific understanding of global atmospheric ozone and the changes occurring in its distribution. We also examine the response that governments are making to the changes occurring in ozone. RP WUEBBLES, DJ (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DIV ATMOSPHER & GEOPHYS SCI,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0360-5442 J9 ENERGY JI Energy PD DEC PY 1993 VL 18 IS 12 BP 1249 EP 1262 DI 10.1016/0360-5442(93)90013-4 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA MP998 UT WOS:A1993MP99800005 ER PT J AU SCHIPPER, L FIGUEROA, MJ PRICE, L ESPEY, M AF SCHIPPER, L FIGUEROA, MJ PRICE, L ESPEY, M TI MIND THE GAP - THE VICIOUS CIRCLE OF MEASURING AUTOMOBILE FUEL USE SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE AUTOMOBILES; FUEL USE; FUEL INTENSITY ID GASOLINE DEMAND AB We review the circularity between estimates of automobile use, fuel consumption and fuel intensity. We find that major gaps exist between estimates of road gasoline, the quantity most often used to represent automobile fuel use in economic studies of transport fuel use, and the actual sales data of gasoline, diesel and other fuels used for automobiles. We note that significant uncertainties exist in values of both the number of automobiles in use and the distance each is driven, which together yield total automobile use. We present our own calculations for total automobile fuel use for a variety of OECD countries. We comment briefly on the impact of these gaps on econometric estimates of the price and income elasticities of automobile fuel use. We show that improper use of the circularity often leads to gross errors in estimating fuel intensity and other indicators of energy use for personal transport. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT AGR ECON,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP SCHIPPER, L (reprint author), LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,1 CYCLOTRON RD,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 48 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD DEC PY 1993 VL 21 IS 12 BP 1173 EP 1190 DI 10.1016/0301-4215(93)90268-K PG 18 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MN330 UT WOS:A1993MN33000002 ER PT J AU SUTHERLAND, RJ AF SUTHERLAND, RJ TI NATURAL-GAS CONTRACTS IN AN EMERGING COMPETITIVE MARKET SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE NATURAL GAS; LONG-TERM CONTRACTS AB The price and duration of natural gas contracts are analysed to determine that electric and gas utilities in the USA can obtain long-run reliable supplies of natural gas at prevailing market prices. Open access to gas transmission lines has created a market with a large number of buyers and sellers that provides reliable gas supplies. The transaction cost literature on contracts suggests that spot purchases and short-term contracts have become more efficient than the long-term fixed price contracts that typified the gas industry before the 1980s. An efficient supply of gas requires increasing contracting options and reducing regulatory approval of contracts. For instance, gas marketers, with access to local distribution pipelines, could offer customers a menu of contract choices for gas and energy services. Alternatively, distribution companies could offer their customers a diversity of contracts. Some regulatory inefficiencies are avoided by automatically setting the allowable cost of gas to current market prices. RP SUTHERLAND, RJ (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,370 LENFANT PROMENADE,SW SUITE 702,WASHINGTON,DC 20024, USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD DEC PY 1993 VL 21 IS 12 BP 1191 EP 1204 DI 10.1016/0301-4215(93)90269-L PG 14 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MN330 UT WOS:A1993MN33000003 ER PT J AU HARRIS, JP BLUMSTEIN, C ROSENFELD, AH MILLHONE, JP AF HARRIS, JP BLUMSTEIN, C ROSENFELD, AH MILLHONE, JP TI ENERGY-EFFICIENCY RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION - NEW ROLES FOR UNITED-STATES STATES SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE RESEARCH; ENERGY EFFICIENCY; STATE GOVERNMENTS ID POLICY AB At least eight states have established energy research, development and demonstration (RD&D) programmes. In contrast to federal and utility energy RD & D, most states emphasize applied research on end-use efficiency and renewable energy. States also try to closely link research and technology deployment, in some cases deliberately blurring the line between the two. The states discussed in this paper spend about US$39 million per year for energy RD&D, or one-fifth of the US Department Of Energy (DOE) budget for conservation and renewable energy RD&D. When indexed per capita or per energy dollar, the average rate Of state RD&D spending on conservation and renewables is about 65-75% that of the US DOE. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,UNIVERSITYWIDE ENERGY RES GRP,BERKELEY,CA 94720. LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,CTR BLDG SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. US DOE,OFF BLDG TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20585. RP HARRIS, JP (reprint author), LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,ENERGY ANAL PROGRAM,WASHINGTON DC OFF,WASHINGTON,DC 20024, USA. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD DEC PY 1993 VL 21 IS 12 BP 1205 EP 1216 DI 10.1016/0301-4215(93)90270-P PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MN330 UT WOS:A1993MN33000004 ER PT J AU AMES, BN SHIGENAGA, MK GOLD, LS AF AMES, BN SHIGENAGA, MK GOLD, LS TI DNA LESIONS, INDUCIBLE DNA-REPAIR, AND CELL-DIVISION - 3 KEY FACTORS IN MUTAGENESIS AND CARCINOGENESIS SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Cell Proliferation and Chemical Carcinogenesis CY JAN 14-16, 1992 CL RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NC ID PRIMARY HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; LIVER EPITHELIAL-CELLS; HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES-T; HUMAN TUMOR-CELLS; DIETARY RESTRICTION; RAT-LIVER; RODENT CARCINOGENS; POTENCY DATABASE; ANIMAL BIOASSAYS; URINARY 8-HYDROXY-2'-DEOXYGUANOSINE AB DNA lesions that escape repair have a certain probability of giving rise to mutations when the cell divides. Endogenous DNA damage is high: 10(6) oxidative lesions are present per rat cell. An exogenous mutagen produces an increment in lesions over the background rate of endogenous lesions. The effectiveness of a particular lesion depends on whether it is excised by a DNA repair system and the probability that it gives rise to a mutation when the cell divides. When the cell divides, an unrepaired DNA lesion has a certain probability of giving rise to a mutation. Thus, an important factor in the mutagenic effect of an exogenous agent whether it is genotoxic or non-genotoxic, is the increment it causes over the background cell division rate (mitogenesis) in cells that appear to matter most in cancer, the stem cells, which are not on their way to being discarded. Increasing their cell division rate increases mutation and therefore cancer. There is little cancer from nondividing cells. Endogenous cell division rates can be influenced by hormone levels, decreased by calorie restriction, or increased by high doses of chemicals. If both the rate of DNA lesions and cell division are increased, then there will be a multiplicative effect on mutagenesis (and carcinogenesis), for example, by high doses of a mutagen that also increases mitogenesis through cell killing. The defense system against reactive electrophilic mutagens, such as the glutathione transferases, are also almost all inducible and buffer cells against increments in active forms of chemicals that can cause DNA lesions. A variety of DNA repair defense systems, almost all inducible, buffer the cell against any increment in DNA lesions. Therefore, the effect of a particular chemical insult depends on the level of each defense, which in turn depends on the past history of exposure. Exogenous agents can influence the induction and effectiveness of these defenses. Defenses can be partially disabled by lack of particular micronutrients in the diet (e.g., antioxidants). C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP AMES, BN (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DIV BIOCHEM & MOLEC BIOL,401 BARKER HALL,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 39910]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ESO1896] NR 165 TC 225 Z9 231 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 101 SU 5 BP 35 EP 44 DI 10.2307/3431840 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA NB891 UT WOS:A1993NB89100005 PM 8013423 ER PT J AU STEVENS, RG AF STEVENS, RG TI BIOLOGICALLY-BASED EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES OF ELECTRIC-POWER AND CANCER SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE EPIDEMIOLOGY; PINEAL; CALCIUM; CANCER; DNA TRANSCRIPTION ID TOXICITY FOLLOWING EXPOSURE; FREQUENCY MAGNETIC-FIELDS; SINGLE-STRAND BREAKS; RAT PINEAL-GLAND; ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELDS; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; DIATOM MOBILITY; TUMOR PROMOTION; MAMMARY-TUMORS AB As societies industrialize, the health profile of the population changes; in general, acute infectious disease declines and chronic disease increases. Use of electricity is a hallmark of the industrialization process, but there has been no suspicion that electricity could increase the risk of cancer. Recently, however, a number of epidemiologic studies have suggested that electromagnetic fields (EMF) may do just that. Although few cancer experiments have been done yet, there are a number of biological effects of EMF reported in the literature that might provide bases for designing cancer experiments and epidemiologic studies. These include effects of EMF on: a) DNA transcription and translation, b) calcium balance in cells. and c) pineal production of melatonin. Alterations in DNA transcription and translation could have pleiotropic effects. Disruption of calcium homeostasis has many implications including oncogene activation, promotional activity via protein kinases and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), and increasing oxidative stress. Reduction of melatonin suggests a possible increased risk of cancers of hormone-dependent tissues such as breast and prostate. The idea that a cancer-causing agent must either be an initiator or a promoter should be discarded; indeed, the phenomenologic meaning of these two terms has become confused with imputed mechanistic necessity in recent years. Agents that affect division of normal cells or of fully transformed cells can play an important role in clinical cancer development quite apart from initiation or promotion. Epidemiologic studies of EMF and cancer should attempt to take account of other products of electric power (e.g., light at night) or factors associated with occupational EMF exposure (e.g., toxic chemicals) that may increase cancer risk and therefore act as cofactors or confounders. Epidemiology and laboratory studies should act synergistically in determining if there is a problem and identifying mitigation strategies if needed. RP STEVENS, RG (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, 906 BATTELLE BLVD, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 87 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 5 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 101 SU 4 BP 93 EP 100 DI 10.2307/3431665 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA MY180 UT WOS:A1993MY18000011 PM 8206047 ER PT J AU LEGGETT, RW AF LEGGETT, RW TI AN AGE-SPECIFIC KINETIC-MODEL OF LEAD METABOLISM IN HUMANS SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review ID NON-EXPOSED POPULATION; SOUTHERN BAVARIA FRG; X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE; BLOOD LEAD; BONE LEAD; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; BILIARY-EXCRETION; REFERENCE VALUES; STABLE ISOTOPE RP LEGGETT, RW (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV HLTH SCI RES,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 190 TC 207 Z9 214 U1 2 U2 16 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 101 IS 7 BP 598 EP 616 DI 10.2307/3431645 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA MQ713 UT WOS:A1993MQ71300012 PM 8143593 ER PT J AU HOFFMAN, FO BLAYLOCK, BG FRANK, ML THIESSEN, KM AF HOFFMAN, FO BLAYLOCK, BG FRANK, ML THIESSEN, KM TI A RISK-BASED SCREENING APPROACH FOR PRIORITIZING CONTAMINANTS AND EXPOSURE PATHWAYS AT SUPERFUND SITES SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article AB Contamination at Superfund sites can involve mixtures of chemicals and radionuclides in a variety of environmental media. Determining priorities for evaluation and remediation of various contaminants is an important part of the initial phases of any site investigation. An effective screening analysis at the beginning of the project can help by identifying both those situations in need of immediate remedial attention and those which require further sampling and evaluation, The screening approach discussed here is made up of two sets of calculations designed to provide upper- and lower-bound estimates of health risk to individuals likely to receive the highest exposures. This approach allows rapid identification of contaminants which pose a negligible risk and can be assigned a low priority for remedial attention or which pose a substantial risk and should be given the highest priority for appropriate remediation efforts. Contaminants designated as neither high- nor low-priority should be investigated in more detail prior to making decisions regarding the need for or method of remediation. The utility of this approach has already been demonstrated in the evaluation of contamination in the Clinch and Tennessee River systems originating from historical operations of atomic weapons and energy research facilities near Oak Ridge, Tennessee. RP HOFFMAN, FO (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 28 IS 3 BP 221 EP 237 DI 10.1007/BF00545767 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MR919 UT WOS:A1993MR91900003 PM 24221185 ER PT J AU FREDRICKSON, JK BOLTON, H BROCKMAN, FJ AF FREDRICKSON, JK BOLTON, H BROCKMAN, FJ TI BIOREMEDIATION - RESPOND SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP FREDRICKSON, JK (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RI Bolton, Harvey/E-5583-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 27 IS 13 BP 2620 EP 2620 PG 1 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MJ956 UT WOS:A1993MJ95600003 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, TA GUTHRIE, EA WALTON, BT AF ANDERSON, TA GUTHRIE, EA WALTON, BT TI BIOREMEDIATION IN THE RHIZOSPHERE SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID C-P BONDS; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; RICE RHIZOSPHERE; PLANT-METABOLISM; MINERALIZATION; DEGRADATION; SOILS; MICROORGANISMS; SURFACTANTS; GLYPHOSATE C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP ANDERSON, TA (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 51 TC 389 Z9 479 U1 18 U2 70 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 27 IS 13 BP 2630 EP 2636 DI 10.1021/es00049a001 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MJ956 UT WOS:A1993MJ95600006 ER PT J AU WANG, MQ AF WANG, MQ TI LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC VEHICLES; IMPACTS RP WANG, MQ (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,CTR TRANSPORTAT RES,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 27 IS 13 BP 2658 EP & DI 10.1021/es00049a004 PG 0 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MJ956 UT WOS:A1993MJ95600010 ER PT J AU MARLEY, NA GAFFNEY, JS CUNNINGHAM, MM AF MARLEY, NA GAFFNEY, JS CUNNINGHAM, MM TI AQUEOUS GREENHOUSE SPECIES IN CLOUDS, FOGS, AND AEROSOLS SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADIATION BUDGET EXPERIMENT; TRACE GASES; CLIMATE; WATER; CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS; INTENSITIES; EXTINCTION; EMISSIONS; CONSTANTS; CELL AB Greenhouse effects from fossil fuel combustion leading to increased concentrations of primary and secondary greenhouse gases (e.g., CO2, ozone, etc.) have received considerable attention. More recently, it has been suggested that clouds, aerosols, and fogs can play opposing roles in climate forcing by scattering or absorbing incoming solar radiation as well as by absorbing long-wave radiation as it escapes into space. The total effect on the radiation balance depends on the relative magnitude of these opposing forces, which in turn will depend on the composition of the aqueous phase. This work describes the measurement of water-soluble infrared absorbers which can contribute to the long-wave radiative forcing of clouds, fogs, and aerosols. Aqueous species which have been characterized include sulfate, nitrate, formate, acetate, oxalate, phenol, p-nitrophenol, ammonium, bicarbonate, formaldehyde, methanol, and ethanol. Infrared absorption band positions and band strengths have been determined, and their relative effects on radiative forcing are discussed. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM RES,BLDG 203,ARGONNE,IL 60439. NR 42 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 27 IS 13 BP 2864 EP 2869 DI 10.1021/es00049a029 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MJ956 UT WOS:A1993MJ95600035 ER PT J AU FABREGA, L FONTCUBERTA, J OBRADORS, X PINOL, S WELP, U CRABTREE, GW AF FABREGA, L FONTCUBERTA, J OBRADORS, X PINOL, S WELP, U CRABTREE, GW TI FIELD-INDUCED DIAMAGNETIC FLUCTUATIONS AT LOW-TEMPERATURE IN PR1.85CE0.15CUO4-Y SUPERCONDUCTOR SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; RESISTIVE TRANSITION; II SUPERCONDUCTORS; SCALING BEHAVIOR; TRANSPORT; BI2SR2CA2CU3O10; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PR2CUO4; ORDER AB Magnetization measurements on a Pr1.85Ce0.15CuO4-y single crystal (T-c = 19.2 K) have provided evidence of strong field-induced diamagnetic fluctuations near the superconducting transition; the critical zone represents an important fraction (>33%) of the reversible diamagnetic regime, at any field above 0.05T. The high-field magnetization displays scaling behaviour and the observed scaling functions are in excellent agreement with the predictions for 2D superconducting systems. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP FABREGA, L (reprint author), CSIC,INST CIENCIA MAT,CAMPUS UAB,E-08193 BARCELONA,SPAIN. RI Obradors, Xavier/A-8146-2012; Fontcuberta, Josep /A-7114-2013; Fabrega, Lourdes/L-5090-2014 OI Fabrega, Lourdes/0000-0002-2611-8037 NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 5 PU EDITIONS PHYSIQUE PI LES ULIS CEDEX PA Z I DE COURTABOEUF AVE 7 AV DU HOGGAR, BP 112, 91944 LES ULIS CEDEX, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 24 IS 7 BP 595 EP 600 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/24/7/015 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA ML172 UT WOS:A1993ML17200015 ER PT J AU PITARKE, JM RITCHIE, RH ECHENIQUE, PM ZAREMBA, E AF PITARKE, JM RITCHIE, RH ECHENIQUE, PM ZAREMBA, E TI THE Z(1)(3) CORRECTION TO THE BETHE-BLOCH ENERGY-LOSS FORMULA SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANTIPROTON STOPPING POWER; ELECTRON-GAS; CHARGED-PARTICLES; IONS; DEPENDENCE; RANGE AB Corrections to the Bethe-Bloch formula for the energy loss of charged particles in matter have been of much interest since the early work of Barkas and collaborators, who found differences between the ranges of positive and negative pions of the same energy. We here report the first rigorous many-body perturbation-theoretic calculation of the Z(1)(3) correction for a wide range of particle velocities in the electron gas, Z(1) being the projectile charge. Our calculations are in good agreement with recent measurements of the energy loss of protons and antiprotons. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. EUSKAL HERRIKO UNIBERTSITATEA, KIM FALKULTATEA, MAT FIS SAILA, E-20080 DONOSTIA, SPAIN. QUEENS UNIV, DEPT PHYS, KINGSTON K7L 3N6, ON, CANADA. RP PITARKE, JM (reprint author), EUSKAL HERRIKO UNIBERTSITATEA, ZIENTZI FALKULTATEA, MAT KONDENTSATUAREN FIS SAILA, E-48080 BILBAO, SPAIN. RI Pitarke, Jose/C-8602-2009 OI Pitarke, Jose/0000-0002-8253-8028 NR 34 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 4 PU EDITIONS PHYSIQUE PI LES ULIS CEDEX PA Z I DE COURTABOEUF AVE 7 AV DU HOGGAR, BP 112, 91944 LES ULIS CEDEX, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 24 IS 7 BP 613 EP 619 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/24/7/018 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA ML172 UT WOS:A1993ML17200018 ER PT J AU LEFF, LG MCARTHUR, JV SHIMKETS, LJ AF LEFF, LG MCARTHUR, JV SHIMKETS, LJ TI SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE IN FRESH-WATER BACTERIAL ASSEMBLAGES SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; STREAMS; CAROLINA BAYS; AQUATIC BACTERIA ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; METAL TOLERANCE; RIVER WATER; R-FACTORS; COLIFORM AB Spatial and temporal variability in antibiotic resistance was examined in bacterial assemblages from streams and ponds on the US Department of Energy's Savannah River Site (SRS) in South Carolina. Sites sampled have been impacted to varying degrees by contamination with organic compounds, heavy metals, and radioactive materials because of production of nuclear materials on the site. Antibiotic resistance in the culturable portion of the;bacterial assemblage was determined from colony formation on media containing antibiotics. Eight antibiotics, chloramphenicol, cycloserine, kanamycin, neomycin, novobiocin, rifampicin, streptomycin, and tetracycline, were used at concentrations of 50 and 200 mu g ml(-1). Statistically significant differences in frequency of antibiotic resistance were observed among sites and among dates at a single site. Bacterial densities (total and culturable), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, and human impact also varied among sites but bore no overall relationship to resistance frequency. SRS operations did not have a detectable impact on antibiotic resistance. C1 SAVANNAH RIVER ECOL LAB,AIKEN,SC. RP LEFF, LG (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT MICROBIOL,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 13 IS 2 BP 135 EP 143 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6941.1993.tb00059.x PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MP416 UT WOS:A1993MP41600006 ER PT J AU ELHAI, J AF ELHAI, J TI STRONG AND REGULATED PROMOTERS IN THE CYANOBACTERIUM ANABAENA PCC-7120 SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE CYANOBACTERIA; PROMOTER; LUCIFERASE; ANABAENA; LAC REPRESSOR; GENE EXPRESSION VECTORS ID THURINGIENSIS SUBSP ISRAELENSIS; PHOTOSYSTEM-I; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; VARIABILIS ATCC-29413; SYNECHOCYSTIS PCC6803; DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; HERBICIDE-RESISTANCE; RNA-POLYMERASE; GENE AB The strengths of several promoters were assessed in the cyanobacterium Anabaena PCC 7120 by fusing them to luxAB, encoding bacterial luciferase. Two promoters, P(tac) and P(psbA), with sequences nearly identical to consensus Escherichia coli sigma70 promoters, gave as high or higher expression than the strong Anabaena promoter, P(rbc). P(npt), the natural promoter driving expression of the kanamycin-resistance determinant from Tn5, was poorly expressed in Anabaena. The Lac repressor partially repressed expression from P(tac), permitting regulated expression in Anabaena after induction with isopropyl thiogalactoside to a level 4-5-fold higher than without inducer. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,US DOE,PLANT RES LAB,E LANSING,MI 48824. NR 38 TC 53 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 114 IS 2 BP 179 EP 184 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1993.tb06570.x PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MK498 UT WOS:A1993MK49800010 PM 8282186 ER PT J AU PACKER, L AF PACKER, L TI HEALTH-EFFECTS OF NUTRITIONAL ANTIOXIDANTS SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP PACKER, L (reprint author), LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DEPT MOLEC & CELL BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 15 IS 6 BP 685 EP 686 DI 10.1016/0891-5849(93)90175-T PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA MJ387 UT WOS:A1993MJ38700018 PM 8138196 ER PT J AU OLSON, GJ YUNKER, SB AF OLSON, GJ YUNKER, SB TI 3RD INTERNATIONAL-SYMPOSIUM ON THE BIOLOGICAL PROCESSING OF COAL SO FUEL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US DOE,PITTSBURGH,PA 15236. ELECT POWER RES INST,PALO ALTO,CA 94303. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD DEC PY 1993 VL 72 IS 12 BP 1579 EP 1579 PG 1 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA MJ237 UT WOS:A1993MJ23700001 ER PT J AU ANDREWS, GF STEVENS, CJ WEY, JE AF ANDREWS, GF STEVENS, CJ WEY, JE TI THE LOG-NORMAL DISTRIBUTION OF PYRITIC INCLUSIONS IN COAL - CONSEQUENCES FOR DEPYRITIZATION SO FUEL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3RD INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON THE BIOLOGICAL PROCESSING OF COAL CY MAY 04-07, 1992 CL CLEARWATER BEACH, FL SP US DOE, PITTSBURGH ENERGY TECHNOL CTR, ELECT POWER RES INST DE INCLUSION SIZE DISTRIBUTION; DEPYRITIZATION; COAL AB A computer model is described for the geometry of the coal-pyrite system based on the log normal size distribution for the pyritic inclusions and specific assumptions about what happens when coal is ground. It gives approximate predictions for the fraction of pyrite that sinks during float/sink tests, the fraction accessible to microbial attack, and the fraction of the exposed surface area that is pyrite, all as a function of coal particle size. Results suggest that the 'representative sample volume' recommended for pyrite analysis may not be adequate for some coals. While 50% pyrite reduction can be achieved by removing a few thousand inclusions per cm3 from a typical Ohio coal, 90% reduction requires the removal of several million small (approximately 10 mum) inclusions. Microbial degradation should be considered for these small inclusions because it requires less coal grinding than physical separations. The tendency of coal to fracture along planes containing pyritic inclusions is illustrated by comparing the model with X-ray fluorescence measurements of the exposed pyrite surface area. RP ANDREWS, GF (reprint author), EG&G IDAHO INC,IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB,CTR BIOPROC TECHNOL,POB 1625,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415, USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD DEC PY 1993 VL 72 IS 12 BP 1593 EP 1600 DI 10.1016/0016-2361(93)90341-X PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA MJ237 UT WOS:A1993MJ23700003 ER PT J AU STEVENS, CJ NOAH, KS ANDREWS, GF AF STEVENS, CJ NOAH, KS ANDREWS, GF TI LARGE LABORATORY-SCALE DEMONSTRATION OF COMBINED BACTERIAL AND PHYSICAL COAL DEPYRITIZATION SO FUEL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3RD INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON THE BIOLOGICAL PROCESSING OF COAL CY MAY 04-07, 1992 CL CLEARWATER BEACH, FL SP US DOE, PITTSBURGH ENERGY TECHNOL CTR, ELECT POWER RES INST DE DEPYRITIZATION; LARGE-SCALE; COAL AB An optimum coal depyritization process may combine the physical removal of large liberated inclusions and the microbial degradation of the micropyrite. This was demonstrated in a 1501 aerated trough slurry reactor divided into six sections. An Illinois No. 6 coal containing 1.02% pyritic sulfur and ground to 80% - 100 mesh was fed into section 2. Any solids settling out in sections 2 through 6 were transferred to section 1, which acted as a rougher section for physical separation and an inoculum generator for the microorganisms. Slurry leaving the reactor was dewatered on a screen and part of the liquid was recycled to provide Fe3+, bacteria and biosurfactants needed to initiate the process on the feed coal. With a five day reactor residence time, and a slurry concentration of 20%, pyritic sulfur was reduced 89% and ash by 30 to 40%, with 90% recovery of heating value. Approximately 16% of the pyrite and other mineral matter appeared in the solid waste drained from section 1, and the remainder is due to microbial pyrite oxidation and solubilization of basic minerals in the coal. Increasing slurry concentration to 35% reduced pyritic sulfur removal to 78%. A slight (5%) reduction in the heating value of the product coal remains unexplained. RP STEVENS, CJ (reprint author), EG&G IDAHO INC,IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB,POB 1625,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415, USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD DEC PY 1993 VL 72 IS 12 BP 1601 EP 1606 DI 10.1016/0016-2361(93)90342-Y PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA MJ237 UT WOS:A1993MJ23700004 ER PT J AU BLAUSTEIN, BD HAUCK, JT OLSON, GJ BALTRUS, JP AF BLAUSTEIN, BD HAUCK, JT OLSON, GJ BALTRUS, JP TI BIOLEACHING OF MOLYBDENUM FROM COAL-LIQUEFACTION CATALYST RESIDUES SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE MOLYBDENUM; BIOLEACHING; THIOBACILLUS-FERROOXIDANS ID THIOBACILLUS-FERROOXIDANS AB It has been shown that the bacterium Thiobacillus ferrooxidans can solubilize MoS2 from coal liquefaction catalyst residues. The MoS2 is formed during the liquefaction process from a molybdenum catalyst precursor. MoS2 is insoluble; in order to be recovered and reused, it must be converted to a soluble form. T. ferrooxidans can oxidatively solubilize the molybdenum in MoS2 to molybdate, in which form it can be recovered as a soluble or HCI extractable material. Bioleaching experiments show that with a starting cell concentration of 1.0 x 10(7) cells ml-1, or greater, a significant amount of the molybdenum in the residue was solubilized. These experiments indicate that the amount of molybdenum biologically solubilized from the liquefaction residues is dependent on inoculum size, with all strains of T. ferrooxidans tested having equal ability, and on the particle size of the residue. An important factor in the solubilization Of MoS2 by T. ferrooxidans is the inhibitory effect of molybdate. Literature reports that as little as 10 ppm molybdate is inhibitory to growth or ferrous iron oxidation. However, leachates containing in excess of 70 ppm molybdenum (equivalent to 116 ppm molybdate) were generated as a result of bioleaching of the liquefaction residue. When cells from previous leaching experiments were used to inoculate flasks containing fresh media and additional liquefaction residue, the bacteria were able to bioleach the fresh residue. Recent experiments have focused on the ability of T. ferrooxidans to produce protective agents in the leachate that minimize the inhibitory effects of molybdate. We found that production of the protective factor(s) did not depend on previous exposure of the cells to molybdenum or liquefaction residue. RP US DOE, PITTSBURGH ENERGY TECHNOL CTR, PITTSBURGH, PA 15236 USA. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 EI 1873-7153 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD DEC PY 1993 VL 72 IS 12 BP 1613 EP 1618 DI 10.1016/0016-2361(93)90344-2 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA MJ237 UT WOS:A1993MJ23700006 ER PT J AU TORMA, AE SINGH, AK AF TORMA, AE SINGH, AK TI ACIDOLYSIS OF COAL FLY-ASH BY ASPERGILLUS-NIGER SO FUEL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3RD INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON THE BIOLOGICAL PROCESSING OF COAL CY MAY 04-07, 1992 CL CLEARWATER BEACH, FL SP US DOE, PITTSBURGH ENERGY TECHNOL CTR, ELECT POWER RES INST DE FLY ASH; ACIDOLYSIS; MICROORGANISMS AB The kinetics of aluminium extraction were investigated, using as-received and calcined fly ash samples and a pure culture of Aspergillus niger. This fungus metabolized sucrose to citric and oxalic acids, which were involved in the acidolysis of fly ash. Aluminium extraction from as-received fly ash was only 5-8%, whereas from calcined fly ash it was up to 93.5%. The order of reaction and the overall reaction rate constant were determined by the van't Hoff technique with respect to the concentration of calcined fly ash. A linearized form of a modified Monod expression was applied to the experimental data to assess the kinetic constants for the acidolysis process. Statistically designed experiments were carried out with calcined fly ash and synthetic solutions containing citric and oxalic acids to determine the optimum leaching conditions. The acidolysis reaction mechanism is discussed. C1 UNIV LAS VEGAS,DEPT MATH,LAS VEGAS,NV 89154. RP TORMA, AE (reprint author), EG&G IDAHO INC,IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB,CTR BIOL PROC TECHNOL,POB 1625,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415, USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD DEC PY 1993 VL 72 IS 12 BP 1625 EP 1630 DI 10.1016/0016-2361(93)90346-4 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA MJ237 UT WOS:A1993MJ23700008 ER PT J AU DAHLBERG, MD ROHRER, RL FAUTH, DJ SPRECHER, R OLSON, GJ AF DAHLBERG, MD ROHRER, RL FAUTH, DJ SPRECHER, R OLSON, GJ TI BIODESULFURIZATION OF DIBENZOTHIOPHENE SULFONE BY ARTHROBACTER SP AND STUDIES WITH OXIDIZED ILLINOIS 6 COAL SO FUEL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3RD INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON THE BIOLOGICAL PROCESSING OF COAL CY MAY 04-07, 1992 CL CLEARWATER BEACH, FL SP US DOE, PITTSBURGH ENERGY TECHNOL CTR, ELECT POWER RES INST DE MICROBIAL DESULFURIZATION; COAL; SULFUR COMPOUNDS ID ORGANIC SULFUR; DESULFURIZATION; REMOVAL AB A bacterium identified as Arthrobacter sp. was grown on dibenzothiophene (DBT) sulfone as a sole source of sulfur, producing sulfite and sulfate. Sulfur in DBT sulfone (1.0 mM) was nearly quantitatively converted to sulfate by the organism. The organism could also use DBT sulfone as a sole source of carbon and energy. There was evidence for transient accumulation of benzoic acid in the culture medium after growth of the cells slowed. The DBT sulfoxide analogue 9-fluorenone was converted by resting cells to a product identified as 1,10-dihydroxy-1,10-dihydrofluoren-9-one, suggesting that DBT sulfone may be metabolized via an angular hydroxylation resulting in carbon- sulfur bond cleavage. This strain of Arthrobacter showed no ability to desulfurize oxidized Illinois No. 6 coal. RP DAHLBERG, MD (reprint author), PITTSBURGH ENERGY TECHNOL CTR,PITTSBURGH,PA 15236, USA. RI Unciano, Noel/B-6810-2009 NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD DEC PY 1993 VL 72 IS 12 BP 1645 EP 1649 DI 10.1016/0016-2361(93)90349-7 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA MJ237 UT WOS:A1993MJ23700011 ER PT J AU STONER, DL MILLER, KS POLMAN, JK WRIGHT, RB AF STONER, DL MILLER, KS POLMAN, JK WRIGHT, RB TI MODIFICATION OF ORGANOSULFUR COMPOUNDS AND WATER-SOLUBLE COAL-DERIVED MATERIAL BY ANAEROBIC MICROORGANISMS SO FUEL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3RD INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON THE BIOLOGICAL PROCESSING OF COAL CY MAY 04-07, 1992 CL CLEARWATER BEACH, FL SP US DOE, PITTSBURGH ENERGY TECHNOL CTR, ELECT POWER RES INST DE ORGANIC SULFUR COMPOUNDS; MICROBIAL DESULFURIZATION; LIGNITE ID SULFUR-COMPOUNDS; DIBENZOTHIOPHENE; DEGRADATION; SEDIMENTS; THIOLS AB The transformation of organosulfur compounds by anaerobic microorganisms may be of interest for coal desulfurization. An anaerobic microbial community indigenous to cyanobacterial mats of a Yellowstone National Park hot spring was assessed for the ability to evolve volatile sulfur compounds from benzyl methyl sulfide, benzyl methyl disulfide, methionine and water-soluble lignite-derived material. The addition of methionine or benzyl methyl disulfide stimulated the production of methanethiol by slurries made with cyanobacterial mat material. Transformation of methionine appeared to be the direct result of microbial activity. However, the evolution of methanethiol from benzyl methyl disulfide appeared to be the indirect result of microbial activity, that is, the cleavage of the disulfide linkage may have resulted from the reduction by microbially produced hydrogen sulfide. Results indicated a transient interaction of hydrogen sulfide and methanethiol with the coal material. In separate studies, sulfate-reducing bacteria were examined for the modification of water-soluble lignite-derived material. As expected, the sulfur content of the soluble material increased under conditions of sulfate respiration. However, when grown fermentatively without the production of sulfide, two of the nine cultures examined reduced the sulfur content of the soluble material. Most of the cells in all the cultures immediately lysed upon the addition of the soluble material. By 2 weeks, cell densities were greater in cultures amended with soluble coal material than in control cultures. RP STONER, DL (reprint author), EG&G IDAHO INC,IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB,POB 1625,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415, USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD DEC PY 1993 VL 72 IS 12 BP 1651 EP 1656 DI 10.1016/0016-2361(93)90350-B PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA MJ237 UT WOS:A1993MJ23700012 ER PT J AU LIN, MS PREMUZIC, ET MANOWITZ, B JEON, YS RACANIELLO, L AF LIN, MS PREMUZIC, ET MANOWITZ, B JEON, YS RACANIELLO, L TI BIODEGRADATION OF COALS SO FUEL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3RD INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON THE BIOLOGICAL PROCESSING OF COAL CY MAY 04-07, 1992 CL CLEARWATER BEACH, FL SP US DOE, PITTSBURGH ENERGY TECHNOL CTR, ELECT POWER RES INST DE MICROBIAL INTERACTION; DESULFURIZATION; DEPOLYMERIZATION ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; ORGANOSULFUR COMPOUNDS; SULFUR; PYROLYSIS AB Selected strains of bacteria [from the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) collection], capable of degrading heavy crude oils, were used to treat bituminous and lignite coals. Products resulting from biochemical reactions among several microorganisms and different coals were examined by pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py. g.c.-m.s.), and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. The results indicated considerable variations in the organic sulfur as well as modifications in coal structure. Furthermore, biochemical reactions involved in the microbial interactions with coals appeared to be microbial species dependent. RP LIN, MS (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT APPL SCI,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD DEC PY 1993 VL 72 IS 12 BP 1667 EP 1672 DI 10.1016/0016-2361(93)90353-4 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA MJ237 UT WOS:A1993MJ23700015 ER PT J AU SCOTT, CD SCOTT, TC WOODWARD, CA AF SCOTT, CD SCOTT, TC WOODWARD, CA TI THE CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF ENZYMES TO ENHANCE SOLUBILIZATION IN ORGANIC-SOLVENTS FOR INTERACTION WITH COAL SO FUEL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3RD INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON THE BIOLOGICAL PROCESSING OF COAL CY MAY 04-07, 1992 CL CLEARWATER BEACH, FL SP US DOE, PITTSBURGH ENERGY TECHNOL CTR, ELECT POWER RES INST DE ENZYMES; BIOCATALYSTS; COAL CONVERSION ID BENZENE AB Some enzymes can effectively function as catalysts in contact with Organic solvents in a variety of ways; however, it is desirable to utilize the enzyme in a soluble form for interactions with a solid substrate such as coal. Dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) has been used as the reagent to add dinitrophenyl groups to enzymes, thus increasing hydrophobicity and solubility (up to 20 mg ml-1) in less-polar organic solvents ranging from dioxane to benzene. Mixed reducing enzymes modified by DNFB and used in pyridine or benzene under hydrogen have been shown to enhance significantly the solubility in organic solvents of coals ranging from lignite to bituminous, with up to 35.3 wt% coal conversion. A fluidized-bed bioreactor appears to be the most effective contactor. RP SCOTT, CD (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD DEC PY 1993 VL 72 IS 12 BP 1695 EP 1700 DI 10.1016/0016-2361(93)90357-8 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA MJ237 UT WOS:A1993MJ23700019 ER PT J AU SCOTT, TC COSGROVE, JM ASIF, M PETERSEN, JN AF SCOTT, TC COSGROVE, JM ASIF, M PETERSEN, JN TI HYDRODYNAMIC STUDIES OF AN ADVANCED FLUIDIZED-BED BIOREACTOR FOR DIRECT INTERACTION WITH COAL SO FUEL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3RD INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON THE BIOLOGICAL PROCESSING OF COAL CY MAY 04-07, 1992 CL CLEARWATER BEACH, FL SP US DOE, PITTSBURGH ENERGY TECHNOL CTR, ELECT POWER RES INST DE FLUIDIZED BEDS; HYDRODYNAMICS; BIOREACTORS AB Fine coal particles fluidized by the upflow of a liquid medium containing a dissolved biocatalyst undergo size reduction as the reaction progresses. Three aspects of the design of such a reactor were examined: (1) the use of force balances to describe pressure drop for the segregated bed; (2) measurement of liquid-phase dispersion coefficients; and (3) fluorescent tagging of particles to track size distribution. Hydrodynamic data were obtained for a liquid-solid fluidized bed of coal particles in the size range 30-150 mum. Illinois No. 6 coal was ball-milled, sieved into four fractions, and suspended in a 0.1% aqueous solution of Tween 80. A sample with a bimodal particle size distribution centred on 49 and 63 mum was placed in a glass column and fluidization and pressure-drop data were compared with a new model developed to describe particle segregation. Measured liquid-phase dispersion coefficients varied from 0.034 to 0.283 cm2 s-1 as the flow varied from 0.005 to 0.01 59 cm s-1. A technique was also developed for coating coal particles with a fluorescent paint which may allow direct measurement of the change in the fraction of marked particles of known size along the axis of a fluidized bed. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM ENGN,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP SCOTT, TC (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,CTR BIOPROC RES & DEV,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Petersen, James/B-8924-2008; Asif, Mohammad/C-6332-2009 OI Asif, Mohammad/0000-0003-3196-0074 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD DEC PY 1993 VL 72 IS 12 BP 1701 EP 1704 DI 10.1016/0016-2361(93)90358-9 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA MJ237 UT WOS:A1993MJ23700020 ER PT J AU APEL, WA TURICK, CE AF APEL, WA TURICK, CE TI THE USE OF DENITRIFYING BACTERIA FOR THE REMOVAL OF NITROGEN-OXIDES FROM COMBUSTION GASES SO FUEL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3RD INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON THE BIOLOGICAL PROCESSING OF COAL CY MAY 04-07, 1992 CL CLEARWATER BEACH, FL SP US DOE, PITTSBURGH ENERGY TECHNOL CTR, ELECT POWER RES INST DE NITROGEN OXIDES; MICROBIAL DENITRIFICATION; COMBUSTION GAS ID DENITRIFICATION CAPACITY; AEROBIC DENITRIFICATION; PHASE BIOREACTORS; NITRATE; METHANE; GROWTH AB The potential for using denitrifying bacteria to remove nitrogen oxides from combustion gas streams was investigated. Nitrous oxide was chosen as a model compound and a number of different bacteria were screened for their ability to reduce it to nitrogen. Two strains, Pseudomonas denitrificans ATCC 13867 and Paracoccus denitrificans ATCC 17741, exhibited significantly higher reduction rates than did other bacteria. Maximum reduction occurred at 6 g l-1 glucose and 35-degrees-C with Pseudomonas denitrificans, and at 6 g l-1 glucose and 30-degrees-C with Paracoccus denitrificans. The rate of reduction by Pseudomonas denitrificans varied with concentration and was a maximum of approximately 0.017 mM h-1 (mg dry biomass)-1 at an initial N2O concentration of 0.9 mm. Paracoccus denitrificans attained a maximum removal rate of 0.01 5 mm h-1 (mg dry biomass)-1 at an initial N2O concentration of 1.6 mM. It was concluded that it may be possible to develop a commercial bioprocess to remove nitrous oxide from combustion gas using either species. However, the ability of these organisms to remove nitrogen oxides in larger-scale systems needs to be assessed. RP APEL, WA (reprint author), EG&G IDAHO INC,IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB,CTR BIOL PROC TECHNOL,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415, USA. NR 24 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD DEC PY 1993 VL 72 IS 12 BP 1715 EP 1718 DI 10.1016/0016-2361(93)90360-E PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA MJ237 UT WOS:A1993MJ23700022 ER PT J AU NAJMABADI, F CONN, RW KRAKOWSKI, RA SCHULTZ, KR STEINER, D BARTLIT, JR BATHKE, CG BLANCHARD, JP CHENG, ET CHU, YY COOKE, PIH CREEDON, RL DUGGAN, WP GIERSZEWSKI, PJ GHONIEM, NM GROTZ, SP HASAN, MZ HOOT, CG KELLEHER, WP KESSEL, CE KEVTON, OK MARTIN, RC MILLER, RL PRINJA, AK ORIENT, GO SHARAFAT, S VOLD, EL WERLEY, KA WONG, CPC SZE, DK AF NAJMABADI, F CONN, RW KRAKOWSKI, RA SCHULTZ, KR STEINER, D BARTLIT, JR BATHKE, CG BLANCHARD, JP CHENG, ET CHU, YY COOKE, PIH CREEDON, RL DUGGAN, WP GIERSZEWSKI, PJ GHONIEM, NM GROTZ, SP HASAN, MZ HOOT, CG KELLEHER, WP KESSEL, CE KEVTON, OK MARTIN, RC MILLER, RL PRINJA, AK ORIENT, GO SHARAFAT, S VOLD, EL WERLEY, KA WONG, CPC SZE, DK TI INTRODUCTION AND SYNOPSIS OF THE TITAN REVERSED-FIELD-PINCH FUSION-REACTOR STUDY SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article ID RELAXATION AB The TITAN reversed-field-pinch (RFP) fusion-reactor study has two objectives: to determine the technical feasibility and key developmental issues for an RFP fusion reactor operating at high power density; and to determine the potential economic (cost of electricity), operational (maintenance and availability), safety and environmental features of high mass-power-density fusion-reactor systems. Mass power density (MPD) is defined as the ratio of net electric output to the mass of the fusion power core (FPC). The FPC includes the plasma chamber, first wall, blanket, shield, magnets, and related structure. Two different detailed designs TITAN-I and TITAN-II, have been produced to demonstrate the possibility of multiple engineering-design approaches to high-MPD reactors. TITAN-I is a self-cooled lithium design with a vanadium-alloy structure. TITAN-II is a self-cooled aqueous loop-in-pool design with 9-C ferritic steel as the structural material. Both designs use RFP plasmas operating with essentially the same parameters. Both conceptual reactors are based on the DT fuel cycle, have a net electric output of about 1000 MWe, are compact, and have a high MPD of 800 kWe per tonne of FPC. The inherent physical characteristics of the RFP confinement concept make possible compact fusion reactors with such a high MPD. The TITAN designs would meet the U.S. criteria for the near-surface disposal of radioactive waste (Class C, 10CFR61) and would achieve a high Level of Safety Assurance with respect to FPC damage by decay afterheat and C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. GEN ATOM CO,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186. RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST,TROY,NY 12180. CANADIAN FUS FUELS TECHNOL PROJECT,MISSASSAUGA LSJ 1K3,ON,CANADA. ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP NAJMABADI, F (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,INST PLASMA & FUS RES,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024, USA. RI Ghoniem, Nasr/A-9799-2008 NR 51 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 23 IS 2-3 BP 69 EP 80 DI 10.1016/0920-3796(93)90124-Z PG 12 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA MM862 UT WOS:A1993MM86200002 ER PT J AU NAJMABADI, F WONG, CPC GROTZ, SP SCHULTZ, KR CHENG, ET COOKE, PIH CREEDON, RL GHONIEM, NM KRAKOWSKI, RA HASAN, MZ MARTIN, RC BLANCHARD, JP SHARAFAT, S STEINER, D SZE, DK DUGGAN, WP ORIENT, GO AF NAJMABADI, F WONG, CPC GROTZ, SP SCHULTZ, KR CHENG, ET COOKE, PIH CREEDON, RL GHONIEM, NM KRAKOWSKI, RA HASAN, MZ MARTIN, RC BLANCHARD, JP SHARAFAT, S STEINER, D SZE, DK DUGGAN, WP ORIENT, GO TI THE TITAN-I REVERSED-FIELD-PINCH FUSION-POWER-CORE DESIGN SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article ID REACTORS AB The TITAN reversed-field-pinch (RFP) fusion-reactor study has two objectives: to determine the technical feasibility and key developmental issues for an RFP fusion reactor operating at high power density; and to determine the potential economic operational, safety, and environmental features of high mass-power-density (MPD) fusion-reactor systems. Parametric system studies have been used to find cost-optimized designs. The design window for compact RFP reactors includes the range of 10-20 MW/m2. The reactors are physically small, and a potential benefit of this ''compactness'' is improved economics. The TITAN study adopted 18 MW/m2 in order to assess the technical feasibility and physics limits for such high-MPD reactors. The TITAN-I design is a lithium self-cooled design with a vanadium-alloy (V-3Ti-1Si) structural material. The magnetic field topology of the RFP is favorable for liquid-metal cooling. The first wall and blanket consist of single pass poloidal-flow loops aligned with the dominant poloidal magnetic field. A unique feature of the TITAN-1 design is the use of the integrated-blanket-coil (IBC) concept. The lithium coolant in the blanket circuit is also used as the electrical conductor of the toroidal-field and divertor coils. A ''single-piece'' FPC maintenance procedure is used, in which the first wall and blanket are removed and replaced by vertical lift of the components as a single unit. This unique approach permits the complete FPC to be made of a few factory-fabricated pieces, assembled on site into a single torus, and tested to full operational conditions before installation in the reactor vault. A low-activation, low-afterheat vanadium alloy is used as the structural material throughout the FPC in order to minimize the peak temperature during accidents and to permit near-surface disposal of waste. The safety analysis indicates that the liquid-metal-cooled TITAN-I design can be classified as passively safe, without reliance on any active safety systems. The results from the TITAN study support the technical feasibility, economic incentive, and operational attractiveness of compact, high-MPD RFP reactors. Many critical issues remain to be resolved, however. The physics of confinement scaling, plasma transport and the role of the conducting shell are already major efforts in RFP research. However, the TITAN study points to three other major issues. First, operating high-power-density fusion reactors with intensely radiating plasmas is crucial. Second, the physics of toroidal-field divertors in RFPs must be examined. Third current drive by magnetic-helicity injection must be verified. The key engineering issues for the TITAN I FPC have also been defined. Future research and development will be required to meet the physics and technology requirements that are necessary for the realization of the significant potential economic and operational benefits that are possible with TITAN-like RFP reactors. C1 GEN ATOM CO,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST,TROY,NY 12180. ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP NAJMABADI, F (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,INST PLASMA & FUS RES,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024, USA. RI Ghoniem, Nasr/A-9799-2008 NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 23 IS 2-3 BP 81 EP 98 DI 10.1016/0920-3796(93)90125-2 PG 18 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA MM862 UT WOS:A1993MM86200003 ER PT J AU SHARAFAT, S GHONIEM, NM COOKE, PIH MARTIN, RC NAJMABADI, F SCHULTZ, KR WONG, CPC BARTLIT, JR BATHKE, CG BLANCHARD, JP CHENG, ET CHU, YY CREEDON, RL DUGGAN, WP GIERSZEWSKI, PJ GROTZ, SP HASAN, MZ HOOT, CG KELLEHER, WP KESSEL, CE KEVTON, OK MILLER, RL PRINJA, AK ORIENT, GO VOLD, EL WERLEY, KA SZE, DK AF SHARAFAT, S GHONIEM, NM COOKE, PIH MARTIN, RC NAJMABADI, F SCHULTZ, KR WONG, CPC BARTLIT, JR BATHKE, CG BLANCHARD, JP CHENG, ET CHU, YY CREEDON, RL DUGGAN, WP GIERSZEWSKI, PJ GROTZ, SP HASAN, MZ HOOT, CG KELLEHER, WP KESSEL, CE KEVTON, OK MILLER, RL PRINJA, AK ORIENT, GO VOLD, EL WERLEY, KA SZE, DK TI MATERIALS ANALYSIS OF THE TITAN-I REVERSED-FIELD-PINCH FUSION POWER CORE SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-IRRADIATION; AL2O3; CERAMICS; DAMAGE AB The operating conditions of a compact, high-neutron-wall-loading fusion reactor severely limit the choices for structural, shield, insulator, and breeder materials. In particular the response of plasma-facing materials to radiation, thermal and pressure stresses, and their compatibility with coolants are of primary concern. Material selection issues are investigated for the compact, high mass-power-density TITAN-I reactor design study. In this paper the major findings regarding material performance are discussed. The retention of mechanical strength at relatively high temperatures, low thermal stresses, and compatibility with liquid lithium make vanadium-base alloys a promising material for structural components. Based on limited data, the thermal creep behaviour of V-3Ti-1Si and V-15Cr-5Ti alloys is approximated using the modified minimum committment method. In addition, the effects of irradiation and helium generation are superimposed on the creep behavior of V-3Ti-1Si. Coolant compatibility issues are investigated. The liquid lithium compatibility of the two vanadium alloys, V-15Cr-5Ti and V-3Ti-1Si, are compared, and the latter was chosen as the primary structural-material candidate for the liquid-lithium-cooled TITAN-I reactor. Electrically insulating materials, capable of operating at high temperatures are necessary throughout the fusion reactor device. Electrical insulator-material issues of concern include irradiation induced swelling and conductivity. Both issues are investigated and operating temperatures for minimum swelling and dielectric breakdown strength are identified for spinel (MgAl2O4). C1 GEN ATOM CO, SAN DIEGO, CA 92186 USA. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST, TROY, NY 12180 USA. CANADIAN FUS FUELS TECHNOL PROJECT, MISSASSAUGA LSJ 1K3, ON, CANADA. ARGONNE NATL LAB, ARGONNE, IL 60439 USA. RP SHARAFAT, S (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES, INST PLASMA & FUS RES, LOS ANGELES, CA 90024 USA. RI Ghoniem, Nasr/A-9799-2008 NR 49 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 EI 1873-7196 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 23 IS 2-3 BP 99 EP 113 DI 10.1016/0920-3796(93)90126-3 PG 15 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA MM862 UT WOS:A1993MM86200004 ER PT J AU HASAN, MZ GHONIEM, NM BLANCHARD, JP BARTLIT, JR BATHKE, CG BLANCHARD, JP CHENG, ET CHU, YY COOKE, PIH CREEDON, RL DUGGAN, WP GIERSZEWSKI, PJ GHONIEM, NM GROTZ, SP HASAN, MZ HOOT, CG KELLEHER, WP KESSEL, CE KEVTON, OK MARTIN, RC MILLER, RL PRINJA, AK ORIENT, GO SHARAFAT, S VOLD, EL WERLEY, KA WONG, CPC SZE, DK AF HASAN, MZ GHONIEM, NM BLANCHARD, JP BARTLIT, JR BATHKE, CG BLANCHARD, JP CHENG, ET CHU, YY COOKE, PIH CREEDON, RL DUGGAN, WP GIERSZEWSKI, PJ GHONIEM, NM GROTZ, SP HASAN, MZ HOOT, CG KELLEHER, WP KESSEL, CE KEVTON, OK MARTIN, RC MILLER, RL PRINJA, AK ORIENT, GO SHARAFAT, S VOLD, EL WERLEY, KA WONG, CPC SZE, DK TI THERMAL-HYDRAULIC AND STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF THE TITAN-I REVERSED-FIELD-PINCH FUSION POWER CORE SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article ID REACTORS AB Thermal-hydraulic and structural design of the first wall, blanket, and shield of the deuterium-tritium fueled TITAN-I reversed-field-pinch (RFP) fusion reactor is presented. Taking advantage of the characteristic low toroidal magnetic field of an RFP reactor, liquid lithium is used as the primary coolant to remove the thermal energy at an elevated temperature, thereby realizing a high power conversion efficiency of 44%. The use of liquid lithium has also led to a self-cooled design of the fusion power core in which the primary coolant is also the tritium breeder. The structural material is the vanadium alloy, V-3Ti-1Si. Tubular coolant channels are used in the first wall/blanket and rectangular channels in the hot shield. These are laid along the much larger poloidal field to minimize magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) pressure drop. Although the neutron wall loading of 18.1 MW/m2 is high, resulting in a radiation heat flux on the first wall of 4.6 MW/m2, three aspects of the design have made the removal of the reactor power at high temperature possible. These are: (1) the use of small-diameter circular tubes as coolant channels in the first wall, (2) the use of high-velocity MHD turbulent flow in the first-wall coolant tubes, and (3) thermal separation of the first-wall and blanket/shield coolant circuits, thereby allowing different exit temperatures. The thermal-hydraulic design was optimized by a design code developed for this purpose. Detailed structural design was performed by the finite element code ANSYS. The coolant inlet temperature is 320-degrees-C, and the coolant exit temperatures for the first-wall and blanket/shield coolant circuits are 442-degrees-C and 700-degrees-C, respectively. Lithium flow velocity in the first-wall coolant tubes is 21.6 m/s, and is less-than-or-equal-to 50 cm/s in the blanket/shield coolant channels. The total pressure drop in the first-wall coolant circuit is 10 MPa and in the blanket coolant circuit it is 3 MPa. The pumping power for coolant circulation is less than 5% of the net electric output. The material stresses are well within the design limits. The TITAN-I design suggests the feasibility and advantage of liquid-metal cooling of high wall loading RFP fusion reactors. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. GEN ATOM,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186. RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST,TROY,NY 12180. CANADIAN FUS FUELS TECHNOL PROJECT,MISSASSAUGA LSJ 1K3,ON,CANADA. ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP HASAN, MZ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,INST PLASMA & FUS RES,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024, USA. RI Ghoniem, Nasr/A-9799-2008 NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 23 IS 2-3 BP 115 EP 132 DI 10.1016/0920-3796(93)90127-4 PG 18 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA MM862 UT WOS:A1993MM86200005 ER PT J AU WONG, CPC GROTZ, SP NAJMABADI, F BLANCHARD, JP CHENG, ET COOKE, PIH CREEDON, RL GHONIEM, NM GIERSZEWSKI, PJ HASAN, MZ MARTIN, RC SCHULTZ, KR SHARAFAT, S STEINER, D SZE, DK AF WONG, CPC GROTZ, SP NAJMABADI, F BLANCHARD, JP CHENG, ET COOKE, PIH CREEDON, RL GHONIEM, NM GIERSZEWSKI, PJ HASAN, MZ MARTIN, RC SCHULTZ, KR SHARAFAT, S STEINER, D SZE, DK TI THE TITAN-II REVERSED-FIELD-PINCH FUSION-POWER-CORE DESIGN SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article ID RELAXATION; REACTORS AB TITAN-II is a compact, high-power-density reversed-field pinch fusion power reactor design based on the aqueous lithium solution fusion power core concept. The selected breeding and structural materials are LiNO3 and 9-C low activation ferritic steel, respectively. TITAN-II is a viable alternative to the TITAN-I lithium self-cooled design for the reversed-field pinch reactor to operate at a neutron wall loading of 18 MW/m2. Submerging the complete fusion power core and the primary loop in a large pool of cool water will minimize the probability of radioactivity release. Since the protection of the large pool integrity is the only requirement for the protection of the public, TITAN-II is a level 2 of passive safety assurance design. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,INST PLASMA & FUS RES,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. CANADIAN FUS FUELS TECHNOL PROJECT,MISSASSAUGA LSJ 1K3,ON,CANADA. RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST,TROY,NY 12180. ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP WONG, CPC (reprint author), GEN ATOM CO,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186, USA. RI Ghoniem, Nasr/A-9799-2008 NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 23 IS 2-3 BP 173 EP 200 DI 10.1016/0920-3796(93)90130-A PG 28 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA MM862 UT WOS:A1993MM86200008 ER PT J AU SHARAFAT, S GHONIEM, NM COOKE, PIH MARTIN, RC NAJMABADI, F SCHULTZ, KR WONG, CPC BARTLIT, JR BATHKE, CG BLANCHARD, JP CHENG, ET CHU, YY COOKE, PIH CREEDON, RL DUGGAN, WP GIERSZEWSKI, PJ GHONIEM, NM GROTZ, SP HASAN, MZ HOOT, CG KELLEHER, WP KESSEL, CE KEVTON, OK MARTIN, RC MILLER, RL PRINJA, AK ORIENT, GO SHARAFAT, S VOLD, EL WERLEY, KA WONG, CPC SZE, DK AF SHARAFAT, S GHONIEM, NM COOKE, PIH MARTIN, RC NAJMABADI, F SCHULTZ, KR WONG, CPC BARTLIT, JR BATHKE, CG BLANCHARD, JP CHENG, ET CHU, YY COOKE, PIH CREEDON, RL DUGGAN, WP GIERSZEWSKI, PJ GHONIEM, NM GROTZ, SP HASAN, MZ HOOT, CG KELLEHER, WP KESSEL, CE KEVTON, OK MARTIN, RC MILLER, RL PRINJA, AK ORIENT, GO SHARAFAT, S VOLD, EL WERLEY, KA WONG, CPC SZE, DK TI MATERIALS SELECTION CRITERIA AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS FOR THE TITAN-II REVERSED-FIELD-PINCH FUSION POWER CORE SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article ID ELECTROLYTE-SOLUTIONS AB The TITAN-II reactor is a compact, high-neutron-wall-loading (18 MW/m2) design. The TITAN-II fusion power core (FPC) is cooled by an aqueous lithium-salt solution that also acts as the breeder material. The use of an aqueous solution imposes special constraints on the selection of structural and breeder material because of corrosion concerns, hydrogen embrittlement, and radiolytic effects. In this paper, the materials engineering and design considerations for the TITAN-II FPC are presented. Material selection criteria, based on electrochemical corrosion mechanisms of aqueous solutions coupled with radiolysis of water by ionizing radiation, resulted in the choice of a low-activation ferritic steel as structural material for TITAN-II. Stress corrosion cracking, hydrogen embrittlement, and changes in the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature of ferritic alloys are discussed. Lithium-nitrate (LiNO3) salt was chosen over lithium hydroxide (LiOH) because it is less corrosive and reduces the net radiolytic decomposition rate of the water. The dissolved salt in the coolant changes the thermophysical properties of the coolant results in trade-offs between the lithium concentration in the coolant, neutronics performance, thermal and structural design. The TITAN-II design requires a neutron multiplier to achieve an adequate tritium breeding ratio. Beryllium is the primary neutron multiplier, assuming a maximum swelling of about 10% based on continuous self-limiting microcracking/sintering cycles. C1 GEN ATOM CO,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST,TROY,NY 12180. CANADIAN FUS FUELS TECHNOL PROJECT,MISSASSAUGA LSJ 1K3,ON,CANADA. ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP SHARAFAT, S (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,INST PLASMA & FUS RES,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024, USA. RI Ghoniem, Nasr/A-9799-2008 NR 71 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 23 IS 2-3 BP 201 EP 217 DI 10.1016/0920-3796(93)90131-Z PG 17 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA MM862 UT WOS:A1993MM86200009 ER PT J AU GROTZ, SP NAJMABADI, F COOKE, PIH CREEDON, RL WONG, CPC KRAKOWSKI, RA DUGGAN, WP AF GROTZ, SP NAJMABADI, F COOKE, PIH CREEDON, RL WONG, CPC KRAKOWSKI, RA DUGGAN, WP TI MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES AND ANALYSIS FOR THE TITAN REVERSED-FIELD-PINCH REACTOR DESIGNS SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article AB The TITAN reactors are compact, high-neutron-wall-loading fusion power reactors based on the reversed-field-pinch confinement concept. The compact design of the TITAN fusion power core (FPC) reduces the system to a few small and relatively low-mass components, making the toroidal segmentation of the FPC unnecessary. Therefore, a ''single-piece'' FPC maintenance procedure, in which the first wall and the blanket are removed and replaced as a single unit, is possible. This unique approach permits the complete FPC to be made of a few factory-fabricated pieces, assembled on site into a single torus, and tested to full operational conditions before installation in the reactor vault. The low cost of the FPC means a complete, ''ready-for-operation'' unit can be kept on site for replacement in case of unscheduled events. All of these features are expected to improve the plant availability. This paper describes the plant layout for the TITAN reactors and their maintenance procedures. A comparison between single-piece maintenance and modular approaches is also given. An important advantage of the single-piece maintenance approach, pretesting the FPC to full operational limit, is also explored. C1 GEN ATOM CO,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST,TROY,NY 12180. RP GROTZ, SP (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,INST PLASMA & FUS RES,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024, USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 23 IS 2-3 BP 219 EP 232 DI 10.1016/0920-3796(93)90132-2 PG 14 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA MM862 UT WOS:A1993MM86200010 ER PT J AU RINCHIK, EM TONJES, RR PAUL, D POTTER, MD AF RINCHIK, EM TONJES, RR PAUL, D POTTER, MD TI MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF RADIATION-INDUCED ALBINO (C)-LOCUS MUTATIONS THAT CAUSE DEATH AT PREIMPLANTATION STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID DELETION COMPLEX; MOUSE CHROMOSOME-7; LOCUS REGION; EXTRAEMBRYONIC ECTODERM; GENE; TYROSINASE; CDNA; SELECTION; STRATEGY; SURVIVAL AB Deletion mutations at the albino (c) locus have been useful for continuing the development of finestructure physical and functional maps of the Fes-Hbb region of mouse chromosome 7. This report describes the molecular analysis of a number of radiation-induced c deletions that, when homozygous, cause death of the embryo during preimplantation stages. The distal extent of these deletions defines a locus, pid, (preimplantation development) genetically associated with this phenotype. The proximal breakpoints of eight of these deletions were mapped with respect to the Tyr (tyrosinase; albino) gene as well as to anonymous loci within the Fah-Tyr region that are defined by the Pmv-31 viral integration site and by chromosome-microdissection clones. Rearrangements corresponding to the proximal breakpoints of two of these deletions were detected by Southern blot analysis, and a size-altered restriction fragment carrying the breakpoint of one of them was cloned. A probe derived from this deletion fusion fragment defines a locus, D7Rn6, which maps within (or distal to) the pid region, and which discriminates among the distal extents of deletions eliciting the pid phenotype. Extension of physical maps from D7Rn6 should provide access both to the pid region and to loci mapping distal to Pid that are defined by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced lethal mutations. C1 FRAUNHOFER INST TOXICOL & AEROSOL RES,HANNOVER,GERMANY. UNIV TENNESSEE,OAK RIDGE GRAD SCH BIOMED SCI,OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP RINCHIK, EM (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV BIOL,POB 2009,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD DEC PY 1993 VL 135 IS 4 BP 1107 EP 1116 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA MH938 UT WOS:A1993MH93800017 PM 8307326 ER PT J AU RINCHIK, EM CARPENTER, DA LONG, CL AF RINCHIK, EM CARPENTER, DA LONG, CL TI DELETION MAPPING OF 4 LOCI DEFINED BY N-ETHYL-N-NITROSOUREA-INDUCED POSTIMPLANTATION-LETHAL MUTATIONS WITHIN THE PID-HBB REGION OF MOUSE CHROMOSOME-7 SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID ALBINO-LOCUS; GENE; ETHYLNITROSOUREA; DEAFNESS; COMPLEX; MICE AB As part of a long-term effort to refine the physical and functional maps of the Fes-Hbb region of mouse chromosome 7, four loci [l(7)1Rn, l(7)2Rn, l(7)3Rn, l(7)4Rn] defined by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-induced, prenatally lethal mutations were mapped by means of trans complementation crosses to mice carrying lethal deletions of the mouse chromosome-7 albino (c) locus. Each locus was assigned to a defined subregion of the deletion map at the distal end of the Fes-Hbb interval. Of particular use for this mapping were preimplantation-lethal deletions having distal breakpoints localized between pid and Omp. Hemizygosity or homozygosity for each of the ENU-induced lethals was found to arrest development after uterine implantation; the specific time of postimplantation death varied, and depended on both the mutation itself and on whether it was hemizygous or homozygous. Based on their map positions outside of and distal to deletions that cause death at preimplantation stages, these ENU-induced mutations identify loci, necessary for postimplantation development, that could not have been discovered by phenotypic analyses of mice homozygous for any albino deletion. The mapping of these loci to specific genetic intervals defined by deletion breakpoints suggests a number of positional-cloning strategies for the molecular isolation of these genes. Phenotypic and genetic analyses of these mutations should provide useful information on the functional composition of the corresponding segment of the human genome (perhaps human 11q13.5). RP RINCHIK, EM (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV BIOL,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. FU NHGRI NIH HHS [HG 00370] NR 28 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD DEC PY 1993 VL 135 IS 4 BP 1117 EP 1123 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA MH938 UT WOS:A1993MH93800018 PM 8307327 ER PT J AU CHESSER, RK RHODES, OE SUGG, DW SCHNABEL, A AF CHESSER, RK RHODES, OE SUGG, DW SCHNABEL, A TI EFFECTIVE SIZES FOR SUBDIVIDED POPULATIONS SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID OVERLAPPING GENERATIONS; GENETIC-VARIATION; LARGE MAMMALS; DIVERSITY AB Many derivations of effective population sizes have been suggested in the literature; however, few account for the breeding structure and none can readily be expanded to subdivided populations. Breeding structures influence gene correlations through their effects on the number of breeding individuals of each sex, the mean number of progeny per female, and the variance in the number of progeny produced by males and females. Additionally, hierarchical structuring in a population is determined by the number of breeding groups and the migration rates of males and females among such groups. This study derives analytical solutions for effective sizes that can be applied to subdivided populations. Parameters that encapsulate breeding structure and subdivision are utilized to derive the traditional inbreeding and variance effective sizes. Also, it is shown that effective sizes can be determined for any hierarchical level of population structure for which gene correlations can accrue. Derivations of effective sizes for the accumulation of gene correlations within breeding groups (coancestral effective size) and among breeding groups (intergroup effective size) are given. The results converge to traditional, single population measures when similar assumptions are applied. In particular, inbreeding and intergroup effective sizes are shown to be special cases of the coancestral effective size, and intergroup and variance effective sizes will be equal if the population census remains constant. Instantaneous solutions for effective sizes, at any time after gene correlation begins to accrue, are given in terms of traditional F statistics or transition equations. All effective sizes are shown to converge upon a common asymptotic value when breeding tactics and migration rates are constant. The asymptotic effective size can be expressed in terms of the fixation indices and the number of breeding groups; however, the rate of approach to the asymptote is dependent upon dispersal rates. For accurate assessment of effective sizes, initial, instantaneous or asymptotic, the expressions must be applied at the lowest levels at which migration among breeding groups is nonrandom. Thus, the expressions may be applicable to lineages within socially structured populations, fragmented populations (if random exchange of genes prevails within each population), or combinations of intra- and interpopulation discontinuities of gene flow. Failure to recognize internal structures of populations may lead to considerable overestimates of inbreeding effective size, while usually underestimating variance effective size. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT GENET,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV GEORGIA,INST ECOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP CHESSER, RK (reprint author), SAVANNAH RIVER ECOL LAB,AIKEN,SC 29802, USA. NR 25 TC 109 Z9 111 U1 1 U2 7 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD DEC PY 1993 VL 135 IS 4 BP 1221 EP 1232 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA MH938 UT WOS:A1993MH93800027 PM 8307332 ER PT J AU MCCORMICK, MK BUCKLER, A BRUNO, W CAMPBELL, E SHERA, K TORNEY, D DEAVEN, L MOYZIS, R AF MCCORMICK, MK BUCKLER, A BRUNO, W CAMPBELL, E SHERA, K TORNEY, D DEAVEN, L MOYZIS, R TI CONSTRUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A YAC LIBRARY WITH A LOW-FREQUENCY OF CHIMERIC CLONES FROM FLOW-SORTED HUMAN-CHROMOSOME-9 SO GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID YEAST ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOMES; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS; DNA; MANIPULATION; SEQUENCES; STRATEGY; VECTORS; FUSION; PROBE; LOCUS C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CTR HUMAN GENOME STUDIES,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT GENET,BOSTON,MA 02114. RP MCCORMICK, MK (reprint author), MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,MOLEC NEUROGENET UNIT,BLDG 149,13TH ST,BOSTON,MA 02129, USA. NR 27 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0888-7543 J9 GENOMICS JI Genomics PD DEC PY 1993 VL 18 IS 3 BP 553 EP 558 DI 10.1016/S0888-7543(05)80355-6 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA MP480 UT WOS:A1993MP48000012 PM 8307565 ER PT J AU DOGGETT, NA CALLEN, DF CHEN, ZL MOORE, S TESMER, JG DUESING, LA STALLINGS, RL AF DOGGETT, NA CALLEN, DF CHEN, ZL MOORE, S TESMER, JG DUESING, LA STALLINGS, RL TI IDENTIFICATION AND REGIONAL LOCALIZATION OF A HUMAN IMP DEHYDROGENASE-LIKE LOCUS (IMPDHL1) AT 16P13.13 SO GENOMICS LA English DT Note ID HUMAN CHROMOSOME-16; PHYSICAL MAP C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CTR HUMAN GENOME STUDIES,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. ADELAIDE CHILDRENS HOSP INC,DEPT CYTOGENET & MOLEC GENET,ADELAIDE,SA 5006,AUSTRALIA. UNIV PITTSBURGH,DEPT HUMAN GENET,PITTSBURGH,PA 15261. RP DOGGETT, NA (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,MAIL STOP M880,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. RI Stallings, Raymond/A-7213-2008; Callen, David/G-1975-2012; OI Callen, David/0000-0002-6189-9991 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0888-7543 J9 GENOMICS JI Genomics PD DEC PY 1993 VL 18 IS 3 BP 687 EP 689 DI 10.1016/S0888-7543(05)80374-X PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA MP480 UT WOS:A1993MP48000031 PM 7905856 ER PT J AU WANG, K ATTREP, M ORTH, CJ AF WANG, K ATTREP, M ORTH, CJ TI GLOBAL IRIDIUM ANOMALY, MASS EXTINCTION, AND REDOX CHANGE AT THE DEVONIAN-CARBONIFEROUS BOUNDARY SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METAL-RICH LAYERS; DIAGENETIC FORMATION; SEDIMENTS; MICROSPHERULES; GEOCHEMISTRY; ELEMENTS AB Iridium abundance anomalies have been found on a global scale in the Devonian-Carboniferous (D-C) boundary interval, which records one of the largest Phanerozoic mass-extinction events, an event that devastated many groups of living organisms, such as plants, ammonoids, trilobites, conodonts, fish, foraminiferans, brachiopods, and ostracodes. At or very close to the D-C boundary, there exists a geographically widespread black-shale interval, and Ir abundances reach anomalous maxima of 0.148 ppb (Montagne Noire, France), 0.138 ppb (Alberta, Canada) 0.140 ppb (Carnic Alps, Austria), 0.156 ppb (Guangxi, China), 0.258 ppb (Guizhou, China), and 0.250 ppb (Oklahoma). The discovery of global D-C Ir anomalies argues for an impact-extinction model. However, nonchondritic ratios of Ir to other important elements and a lack of physical evidence (shocked quartz, microtektites) do not support such a scenario. The fact that all Ir abundance maxima are at sharp redox boundaries in these sections leads us to conclude that the Ir anomalies likely resulted from a sudden change in paleo-redox conditions during deposition and/or early diagenesis. C1 UNIV CALGARY,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,CALGARY T2N 1N4,ALBERTA,CANADA. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP WANG, K (reprint author), GEOL SURVEY CANADA,3303-33RD ST NW,CALGARY T2L 2A7,AB,CANADA. NR 36 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 5 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD DEC PY 1993 VL 21 IS 12 BP 1071 EP 1074 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<1071:GIAMEA>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA MM708 UT WOS:A1993MM70800004 ER PT J AU VASCO, DW JOHNSON, LR MAJER, EL AF VASCO, DW JOHNSON, LR MAJER, EL TI ENSEMBLE INFERENCE IN GEOPHYSICAL INVERSE PROBLEMS SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE INVERSE PROBLEMS; NONLINEAR INVERSION; SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY ID FINITE-DIFFERENCE CALCULATION; TRAVELTIMES; COMPONENTS; ROOTS AB Non-invasive studies of the shallow Earth are an essential element in a broad range of earth science disciplines. Such studies are usually accomplished using geophysical techniques, which means that a geophysical inverse problem must be solved. Unfortunately, non-uniqueness is a basic property of almost all solutions to geophysical inverse problems. In this paper we describe a method of dealing with this non-uniqueness which we believe is more direct, more complete, and more informative than previous attempts in this area. Instead of using regularization methods to constrain the non-uniqueness of geophysical inverse problems, we confront directly the non-uniqueness and attempt to describe it. The basic technique is to generate and describe a collection of models that fit the data within acceptable limits based upon observational errors. This collection of models, called an ensemble, is analysed with statistical methods in order to characterize the uncertainty in the solution and also make inferences about properties that are shared by all acceptable models. A by-product of this approach is that it produces basic information about the degree of linearity contained in the problem and maps trade-offs between various parameters. The method proposed is quite general and should be applicable to a broad range of geophysical inverse problems. We illustrate the basic method by applying it to two typical geophysical problems. The first application is to a set of cross-borehole traveltime observations gathered in Kesterson, California. The small deviations of the observed traveltime residuals from those predicted by a uniform half-space indicates that the velocity contrasts are not large. The set of acceptable models appears to form a non-degenerate hyperellipsoid in the model space. The mean of the velocity models converges quite rapidly to a smoothed version of a linearized singular-value decomposition solution. The velocity variations agree very well with the results of a hydrological tracer test conducted prior to the seismic experiment. The second application is to the problem of simultaneously estimating the shape and density of a constant density body using surface gravity measurements. In this case a linear analysis is found to be inadequate. A quadratic formulation is necessary to accurately represent the trade-off between the magnitude of the density perturbation and the depth extent of the body. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SEISMOG STN,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP VASCO, DW (reprint author), LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV EARTH SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Vasco, Donald/I-3167-2016 OI Vasco, Donald/0000-0003-1210-8628 NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 115 IS 3 BP 711 EP 728 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1993.tb01489.x PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ML506 UT WOS:A1993ML50600007 ER PT J AU VASCO, DW MAJER, EL AF VASCO, DW MAJER, EL TI WAVEPATH TRAVEL-TIME TOMOGRAPHY SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE INVERSION; SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY ID DIFFRACTION TOMOGRAPHY; INVERSION AB The elastic-wave equation is used to construct sensitivity kernels relating perturbations in elastic parameters to traveltime deviations. Computation of the functions requires a correlation of the forward-propagating seismic wavefield with a backward propagation of the residual wavefield. The computation of the wavefields is accomplished using a finite difference algorithm and is efficiently executed on a CM-2 parallel processor. The source and receiver locations have maximum sensitivity to velocity structure. The sensitivity kernels or wavepaths are well suited for transmission traveltime inversion such as cross-borehole tomography and vertical seismic profiling. Conventional ray tomography and wavepath tomography are applied to a set of P-wave arrival times, from a cross-borehole experiment at Kesterson, California. Because the wavepaths have increased sensitivity near the source and receiver there are differences in resolution of the velocity structure. Both techniques recover the same relative variations in velocity where the coverage is adequate. The wavepath solution is more laterally continuous and the dominant variation is vertical, as is expected for the layered sediments in this region. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SEISMOG STN,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP VASCO, DW (reprint author), LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV EARTH SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Vasco, Donald/I-3167-2016 OI Vasco, Donald/0000-0003-1210-8628 NR 20 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 115 IS 3 BP 1055 EP 1069 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1993.tb01509.x PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ML506 UT WOS:A1993ML50600027 ER PT J AU KARP, KE AF KARP, KE TI A DIFFUSIVE SAMPLER FOR PASSIVE MONITORING OF UNDERGROUND-STORAGE TANKS SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article AB Passive measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) provide a method for early detection and long-term monitoring of potential leaks from underground storage tanks (USTs) and associated fuel service lines. A diffusive sampler was constructed of a sorbent tube that fits inside a specially designed sampling chamber. VOCs in the soil enter the chamber by molecular diffusion and are collected by the sorbent. The sorbent is easily retrieved for laboratory analyses by thermally desorbing into a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS), or qualitative concentrations can be determined directly in the field with specific-indicator detectors. The diffusive samplers were evaluated in an exposure chamber under controlled conditions. Laboratory measurements of the sorbed mass of organic vapor were found to be in close agreement with theoretical values and indicate the passive sampling approach is viable for detecting relatively low concentrations of organic vapors in the vadose zone over a one-day sampling period, as well as providing relatively long-term monitoring periods up to 58 days. A field test found the sampling approach successful in identifying an area where the vadose zone was contaminated by leaking petroleum USTs. RP KARP, KE (reprint author), US DOE,CHEM NUCL GEOTECH INC,GRAND JUNCT PROJECTS OFF,POB 14000,GRAND JCT,CO 81502, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD WIN PY 1993 VL 13 IS 1 BP 101 EP 106 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.1993.tb00426.x PG 6 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA KM429 UT WOS:A1993KM42900004 ER PT J AU GILMORE, TJ BORGHESE, JV NEWCOMER, DR AF GILMORE, TJ BORGHESE, JV NEWCOMER, DR TI EFFECTS OF RIVER STAGE AND WASTE-WATER DISCHARGES ON THE UNCONFINED AQUIFER, HANFORD, WASHINGTON SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article AB This study examined the effects of river stage and waste water discharge on the unconfined aquifer near the N nuclear reactor on the U.S. Department of Energy-operated Hanford site in Washington State. River levels were statistically correlated with water-level data from 12 wells During the course of this study, water table elevations declined in the study area primarily as a result of a significant decrease in discharge to waste water disposal facilities. A minor contributing factor was the regional decline of the water table caused by decreasing waste water discharges upgradient of the study area. High-frequency river-level fluctuations (e.g., short-term daily fluctuations) had good correlation with water-level variations in a well approximately 750 feet inland. Low-frequency river-level fluctuations (e.g., long-term seasonal fluctuations) had good correlation with water-level variations in a well approximately 1000 feet from the river shore. Time lags and attenuation generally increased with distance from the river as expected, with the exception of two northern wells. These two wells were relatively more responsive to river-level fluctuations at a greater distance inland from the river. This suggests that hydraulic properties (e.g., hydraulic conductivity) are a control on the aquifer reponses. During peak river stage in June, the river level rose above water table elevations in several wells implying a temporary reversal in ground water flow direction near the river. RP GILMORE, TJ (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, CTR EARTH & ENVIRONM SCI, POB 999, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD WIN PY 1993 VL 13 IS 1 BP 130 EP 138 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.1993.tb00430.x PG 9 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA KM429 UT WOS:A1993KM42900008 ER PT J AU STRAUME, T AF STRAUME, T TI TRITIUM DOSIMETRY, HEALTH RISKS, AND ENVIRONMENTAL FATE - PREFACE SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material RP STRAUME, T (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, DIV HLTH & ECOL ASSESSMENT, POB 808, LIVERMORE, CA 94551 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 65 IS 6 BP 593 EP 594 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA MK845 UT WOS:A1993MK84500001 PM 8244706 ER PT J AU HILL, RL JOHNSON, JR AF HILL, RL JOHNSON, JR TI METABOLISM AND DOSIMETRY OF TRITIUM SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE TRITIUM; METABOLISM; DOSIMETRY; BIOKINETICS ID ORGANICALLY BOUND TRITIUM; TRITIATED-WATER; H-3; CONVERSION; OXIDATION; MAMMALS; PLANTS; FOOD; HT AB This document was prepared as a review of the current knowledge of tritium metabolism and dosimetry. The physical, chemical, and metabolic characteristics of various forms of tritium are presented as they pertain to performing dose assessments for occupational workers and for the general public. For occupational workers, the forms of tritium discussed include tritiated water, elemental tritium gas, skin absorption from elemental tritium gas-contaminated surfaces, organically bound tritium in pump oils, solvents and other organic compounds, metal tritides, and radioluminous paints. For the general public, age-dependent tritium metabolism is reviewed, as well as tritiated water, elemental tritium gas, organically bound tritium, organically bound tritium in foodstuffs, and tritiated methane. RP HILL, RL (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, DEPT HLTH PHYS, POB 999, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 104 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 65 IS 6 BP 628 EP 647 DI 10.1097/00004032-199312000-00003 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA MK845 UT WOS:A1993MK84500004 PM 8244710 ER PT J AU STRAUME, T CARSTEN, AL AF STRAUME, T CARSTEN, AL TI TRITIUM RADIOBIOLOGY AND RELATIVE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTIVENESS SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE TRITIUM; CANCER; GENETIC EFFECTS; RELATIVE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTIVENESS ID MOUSE IMMATURE OOCYTES; TRITIATED-WATER HTO; CHROMOSOME-ABERRATIONS; MUTATION FREQUENCIES; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; GENETIC-DAMAGE; BETA-RAYS; X-RAYS; RADIATION; INDUCTION AB During the past decade, a large number of radiobiological studies have become available for tritium-many of them focusing on the relative biological effectiveness of tritium beta rays. These and previous studies indicate that tritium in body water produces the same spectrum of radiogenic effects (e.g., cancer, genetic effects, developmental abnormalities, and reproductive effects) observed following whole-body exposure to penetrating radiations such as gamma rays and x rays. However, tritium beta rays are of greater biological effectiveness than gamma rays and x rays. For example, tritium in the oxide form is about 2 to 3 times more effective at low doses or low dose rates than gamma rays from Cs-137 or Co-60. When tritium is bound to organic molecules, relative biological effectiveness values may be somewhat larger than those for tritium in oxide form. Tritium administered to animals or to cells in vitro as tritiated amino acids results in relative biological effectiveness values that appear similar to those obtained for tritium in oxide form; however, if administered as tritiated thymidine, the relative biological effectiveness values appear to be about two-fold higher. It is clear from the wealth of tritium data now available that relative biological effectiveness values for tritium beta rays are higher than the quality factor of unity generally used in radiation protection. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY 11973 USA. RP STRAUME, T (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, POB 5507, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. NR 116 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 12 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 65 IS 6 BP 657 EP 672 DI 10.1097/00004032-199312000-00005 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA MK845 UT WOS:A1993MK84500006 PM 8244712 ER PT J AU STRAUME, T AF STRAUME, T TI TRITIUM RISK ASSESSMENT SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE TRITIUM; RISK ANALYSIS; GAMMA RADIATION; HEALTH EFFECTS ID MUTATION FREQUENCIES; GENETIC HAZARDS; RADIATION; MICE; CANCER; WOMEN AB Estimates of the health risks in humans from low-level exposure to tritium are presented. The health risks considered are those for cancer, genetic effects, and developmental abnormalities from exposures in utero. Because direct risk information for these effects is not available from human exposures to tritium, the following approach was used. Excess risks for the effects given following low-level exposure to x rays or gamma rays were estimated from available human epidemiological data using appropriate dose-rate effectiveness factors. These human-risk estimates for low-level x rays or gamma rays were then multiplied by the appropriate best-estimate relative biological effectiveness for tritium, taking into account differences in effectiveness of comparison radiations. The resultant lifetime risk coefficients for low-level exposure to tritiated water are as follows. For cancer mortality, the most probable risk (50th percentile) is 81 x 10(-6) mGy(-1) and the 90% confidence interval is 38 to 185 x 10(-6) mGy(-1). For genetic effects in the first generation after exposure the risk is 7.9 x 10(-6) mGy(-1), with a 90% confidence interval of 3.8 to 16.3 x 10(-6) mGy-(1). For developmental effects from low-level tritiated water exposures in utero, the risk is uncertain but is estimated to be <400 x 10(-6) mGy(-1). The risks from exposure to organically bound tritiated molecules are estimated to range from values that are similar to those for tritiated water to about a factor of 2 higher. RP STRAUME, T (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 65 IS 6 BP 673 EP 682 DI 10.1097/00004032-199312000-00006 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA MK845 UT WOS:A1993MK84500007 PM 8244713 ER PT J AU CHEVERUD, JM TARDIF, S HENKE, MA CLAPP, NK AF CHEVERUD, JM TARDIF, S HENKE, MA CLAPP, NK TI GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY OF COLON-CANCER IN THE COTTON-TOP TAMARIN (SAGUINUS-OEDIPUS) SO HUMAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE COLONIC ADENOCARCINOMA; COLON CANCER; HERITABILITY; COTTON-TOP TAMARIN ID ORDERED CATEGORICAL-DATA; MODEL AB Colon cancer is known to be heritable in humans, but the opportunity to investigate the genetic epidemiology of cancer in nonhuman primates has been limited by the size of available populations. The cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus) colony at the Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU) Marmoset Research Center is a large population with a high rate of spontaneous colon cancer that has been monitored over several years, thus allowing investigation of the genetic basis for colon cancer in this colony. The presence of colon cancer at death was scored in 392 necropsies at the colony. Genealogical and demographic data for these animals were obtained from colony records. The heritability of the liability to colon cancer was estimated using maximum-likelihood-based pedigree analyses after evaluating the effects of gender, origin (wild-born or laboratory-born), and age at death on cancer experience. Cancer rates were not significantly different between males and females or between wild- and laboratory-born animals. Differences in age at death were also statistically insignificant for both laboratory- and wild-born animals. The heritability estimate for the liability to contract colon cancer is 17% for the ORAU cotton-top tamarins. This heritability estimate is not significantly different from zero, indicating no evidence for heritable variation in cancer experience in this population. If genetic factors affect cotton-top tamarin colon cancer, they are fixed or nearly fixed in this population. C1 OAK RIDGE ASSOCIATED UNIV,MARMOSET RES CTR,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT ANTHROPOL,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. RP CHEVERUD, JM (reprint author), WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT ANAT & NEUROBIOL,ST LOUIS,MO 63110, USA. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU WAYNE STATE UNIV PRESS PI DETROIT PA 4809 WOODWARD AVE, DETROIT, MI 48201-1309 SN 0018-7143 J9 HUM BIOL JI Hum. Biol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 65 IS 6 BP 1005 EP 1012 PG 8 WC Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Genetics & Heredity GA MH611 UT WOS:A1993MH61100009 PM 8300080 ER PT J AU JURGENS, TG TAFLOVE, A AF JURGENS, TG TAFLOVE, A TI 3-DIMENSIONAL CONTOUR FDTD MODELING OF SCATTERING FROM SINGLE AND MULTIPLE BODIES SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Note ID APPROXIMATION; EQUATIONS; BOUNDARY AB This paper introduces a generalization of the three-dimensional finite difference time domain (FDTD) method, the three-dimensional contour FDTD (CFDTD) method. The FDTD method represents curved media boundaries as stepped edges. Through the use of subcell modeling, the CFDTD method conformably models bodies with curved surfaces, yet retains the ability to model comers and edges. Electromagnetic scattering from single and multiple bodies is presented. C1 NORTHWESTERN UNIV,EVANSTON,IL 60201. RP JURGENS, TG (reprint author), FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,LAB MAIL STOP 308,BATAVIA,IL 60510, USA. RI Taflove, Allen/B-7275-2009 NR 17 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 41 IS 12 BP 1703 EP 1708 DI 10.1109/8.273315 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA MT273 UT WOS:A1993MT27300018 ER PT J AU Martens, JS Char, K Pance, A Lee, LP Johansson, ME Whiteley, SR Kihlstrom, KE Wendt, JR Hietala, VM Plut, TA Vawter, GA Hou, SY Phillips, JM Lee, WY AF Martens, Jon S. Char, Kookrin Pance, Aleksandar Lee, Luke P. Johansson, Marie E. Whiteley, Stephen R. Kihlstrom, K. E. Wendt, J. R. Hietala, Vincent M. Plut, T. A. Vawter, G. Allen Hou, S. Y. Phillips, Julia M. Lee, W. Y. TI Use of 2-Dimensional Arrays to Determine the Uniformity of Josephson Junctions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article AB The linewidths of phase-locked, oscillating arrays of high temperature superconducting Josephson junctions have been used to estimate such statistical information for several junction processes using a fitting process to simulate results. Statistical data from arrays consisting of several hundred to many thousand junctions operating, and at least partially phase locked, at 77K are being used to characterize and improve junction processes. Spreads on critical currents for three different processes; step-edge, edge SNS and electron-beam defined nanobridges, have ranged from +/- 3% to 15% (1 sigma) and on normal state resistances from +/- 2% to 11%. C1 [Martens, Jon S.; Char, Kookrin; Pance, Aleksandar; Lee, Luke P.; Johansson, Marie E.; Whiteley, Stephen R.; Kihlstrom, K. E.] Conductus Inc, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 USA. [Wendt, J. R.; Hietala, Vincent M.; Plut, T. A.; Vawter, G. Allen] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Kihlstrom, K. E.] Westmont Coll, Santa Barbara, CA USA. [Hou, S. Y.; Phillips, Julia M.] AT & T Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. [Lee, W. Y.] IBM Almaden Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. RP Martens, JS (reprint author), Conductus Inc, 969 W Maude Ave, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 3 IS 4 BP 3095 EP 3101 DI 10.1109/77.251809 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA V30NU UT WOS:000208823500005 ER PT J AU HALBLEIB, L WORMINGTON, P CIESLAK, W STREET, H AF HALBLEIB, L WORMINGTON, P CIESLAK, W STREET, H TI APPLICATION OF QUALITY FUNCTION DEPLOYMENT TO THE DESIGN OF A LITHIUM BATTERY SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPONENTS HYBRIDS AND MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1993 Electronic Components and Technology Conference CY JUN 01-04, 1993 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE, COMPONENTS HYBRIDS & MFG TECHNOL SOC AB Quality function deployment (QFD) is the tool we have selected to aid in the design, development, and subsequent commercial manufacture of a lithium/thionYl chloride ''D'' cell for use in weapons applications. QFD is a structured methodology used to help assure that customer needs and expectations will be satisfied throughout the product life cycle. In this paper, we will describe our application of QFD, some of the lessons learned, and what we expect to be the final product of this QFD exercise. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,DEPT QUAL TOOLS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. SANDIA NATL LABS,DEPT EXPLORATORY BATTERIES,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. SANDIA NATL LABS,TECH STAFF,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. RP HALBLEIB, L (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,DEPT STAT & HUMAN FACTORS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0148-6411 J9 IEEE T COMPON HYBR PD DEC PY 1993 VL 16 IS 8 BP 802 EP 807 DI 10.1109/33.273668 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA NC126 UT WOS:A1993NC12600008 ER PT J AU KOSIER, SL SCHRIMPF, RD NOWLIN, RN FLEETWOOD, DM DELAUS, M PEASE, RL COMBS, WE WEI, A CHAI, F AF KOSIER, SL SCHRIMPF, RD NOWLIN, RN FLEETWOOD, DM DELAUS, M PEASE, RL COMBS, WE WEI, A CHAI, F TI CHARGE SEPARATION FOR BIPOLAR-TRANSISTORS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 30th Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 19-23, 1993 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP IEEE, NUCL & PLASMA SCI SOC, RADIAT EFFECTS COMM, US DEPT DEF, DEF NUCL AGCY, US DEF ENERGY ENERGY, SANDIA NATL LAB, NASA, JET PROPULS LAB ID OXIDE CHARGE; INTERFACE AB The role of net positive oxide trapped charge and surface recombination velocity on excess base current in BJTs is identified. Although the interaction of these two radiation-induced defects is physically complex, simple approaches for estimating these quantities from measured BJT characteristics are presented. The oxide charge is estimated using a transition voltage in the plot of excess base current vs. emitter bias. Two approaches for quantifying the effects of surface recombination velocity are described; the first measures surface recombination directly using a gated diode. The second estimates its effects using an intercept current that is easily obtained from the BJT itself. The results are compared to two-dimensional simulations and measurements made on test structures. The techniques are simple to implement and provide insight into the mechanisms and magnitudes of the radiation-induced damage in BJTs. C1 PHILLIPS LAB,VTE,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. RLP RES,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. ANALOG DEVICES INC,WOBURN,MA. NSWC CRANE,CRANE,IN. RP KOSIER, SL (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. RI Schrimpf, Ronald/L-5549-2013 OI Schrimpf, Ronald/0000-0001-7419-2701 NR 14 TC 106 Z9 113 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1276 EP 1285 DI 10.1109/23.273541 PN 1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA MV375 UT WOS:A1993MV37500003 ER PT J AU MAYER, TS FLEETWOOD, DM BEUTLER, DE COOPER, JA MELLOCH, MR AF MAYER, TS FLEETWOOD, DM BEUTLER, DE COOPER, JA MELLOCH, MR TI UNEXPECTED INCREASE IN THE THERMAL GENERATION RATE OF BULK GAAS DUE TO ELECTRON-BEAM METALLIZATION SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 30th Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 19-23, 1993 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP IEEE, NUCL & PLASMA SCI SOC, RADIAT EFFECTS COMM, US DEPT DEF, DEF NUCL AGCY, US DEF ENERGY ENERGY, SANDIA NATL LAB, NASA, JET PROPULS LAB AB It is demonstrated that the thermal generation rate in the bulk depletion regions of GaAs p-n junctions can be as much as three-orders-of-magnitude greater for samples metallized in e-beam evaporators as compared to thermal evaporators. This degradation is unexpected because the low-energy radiation present in such e-beam evaporation systems is unable by itself to cause atomic displacement responsible for defect creation in GaAs. Results derived from samples metallized in the e-beam evaporator indicate, however, that low-energy electrons are somehow involved in the formation of the defects responsible for the increased generation rate. Experiments performed in controlled-radiation environments have clearly demonstrated that neither simple radiation damage from electrons or from x-rays is sufficient to degrade these GaAs devices. Likewise,, the simple diffusion of impurity ions in the absence of a high fluence of low-energy electrons is also insufficient. Therefore, the experimental results suggest a damaging mechanism in which the presence of both low-energy electrons and impurity ions is necessary to cause the increase in generation rates observed in bulk GaAs. C1 PURDUE UNIV,SCH ELECT ENGN,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1293 EP 1299 DI 10.1109/23.273539 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA MV375 UT WOS:A1993MV37500005 ER PT J AU FLEETWOOD, DM SHANEYFELT, MR RIEWE, LC WINOKUR, PS REBER, RA AF FLEETWOOD, DM SHANEYFELT, MR RIEWE, LC WINOKUR, PS REBER, RA TI THE ROLE OF BORDER TRAPS IN MOS HIGH-TEMPERATURE POSTIRRADIATION ANNEALING RESPONSE SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 30th Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 19-23, 1993 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP IEEE, NUCL & PLASMA SCI SOC, RADIAT EFFECTS COMM, US DEPT DEF, DEF NUCL AGCY, US DEF ENERGY ENERGY, SANDIA NATL LAB, NASA, JET PROPULS LAB ID OXIDE-SEMICONDUCTOR CAPACITORS; RADIATION-INDUCED CHARGE; 1/F NOISE; X-RAY; SPACE ENVIRONMENTS; SILICON DIOXIDE; POSITIVE CHARGE; DEVICES; INTERFACE; TRANSISTORS AB WB have performed a very-long-term study of the response of non-radiation-hardened MOS transistors to elevated-temperature, postirradiation biased anneals. The midgap-voltage shift of these devices returns to similar to 0 v during a 2.75-year, +6 V 100 degrees C anneal, supporting the idea that interface traps and border traps (near-interfacial oxide traps which can exchange charge with the underlying Si) in these devices are charge-neutral at midgap. Subsequent switched-bias annealing reveals that a significant fraction of;the radiation-induced trapped holes have not been removed from the device, but are compensated by electrons in border traps. These border traps can lead to large, reversible changes in midgap-voltage shifts and/or subthreshold stretchout during switched-bias anneals. Midgap-voltage and subthreshold-stretchout reversibility remains significant in these devices even after annealing at temperatures up to 350 degrees C. Similar reversibility: in postirradiation response, though not as dramatic in magnitude, is observed for hardened transistors and capacitors. These results suggest that border traps may lead to increased reliability problems in some irradiated devices, compared to;their;unirradiated counterparts, especially in applications requiring high-temperature (similar to 100 degrees C or higher) operation. RP FLEETWOOD, DM (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,DEPT 1332,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 41 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1323 EP 1334 DI 10.1109/23.273535 PN 1 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA MV375 UT WOS:A1993MV37500009 ER PT J AU HALBLEIB, JA SCRIVNER, GJ AF HALBLEIB, JA SCRIVNER, GJ TI EFFICIENT BETA/GAMMA MONTE-CARLO TRANSPORT IN REPETITIVE STRUCTURES SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 30th Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 19-23, 1993 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP IEEE, NUCL & PLASMA SCI SOC, RADIAT EFFECTS COMM, US DEPT DEF, DEF NUCL AGCY, US DEF ENERGY ENERGY, SANDIA NATL LAB, NASA, JET PROPULS LAB ID ELECTRON-PHOTON TRANSPORT AB Algorithms are developed that permit the use of periodic and albedo boundary conditions in the ITS system of coupled electron/photon Monte Carlo transport codes when simulating transport in repetitive structures in satellite systems. Mutual verification is provided through the application of both algorithms to a simplified periodic geometry based on an array of microelectronics cards. The albedo algorithm is then employed to benchmark the predictions of energy deposition in silicon by a mass sectoring code for this same application and to predict the shielding effectiveness of a hexagonal honeycomb structure. Use of these algorithms results in a major reduction in the required problem input and significant variance reduction that could otherwise be achieved only via postprocessing that is much more problem dependent. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,DEPT SATELLITE SURVIVABIL,ORG 9306,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. RP HALBLEIB, JA (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,SIMULAT TECHNOL RES DEPT,ORG 9341,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1402 EP 1408 DI 10.1109/23.273525 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA MV375 UT WOS:A1993MV37500019 ER PT J AU SANFORD, TWL HALBLEIB, JA BEUTLER, DE KNOTT, DP AF SANFORD, TWL HALBLEIB, JA BEUTLER, DE KNOTT, DP TI EXPERIMENTAL-VERIFICATION OF DOSIMETRY PREDICTIONS OF BREMSSTRAHLUNG ATTENUATION AS A FUNCTION OF MATERIAL AND ELECTRON-ENERGY SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 30th Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 19-23, 1993 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP IEEE, NUCL & PLASMA SCI SOC, RADIAT EFFECTS COMM, US DEPT DEF, DEF NUCL AGCY, US DEF ENERGY ENERGY, SANDIA NATL LAB, NASA, JET PROPULS LAB ID RAY AB Dose attenuation with depth in an absorber of on-axis bremsstrahlung generated from an electron target is measured and shown to agree within +/-9% with Monte Carlo predictions as a function of absorber material (Al, Fe, Pb) and incident electron-beam energy (5.5-25.1 MeV). For this on-axis bremsstrahlung, 1 to 5 g/cm(2) of upstream and 0.2 to 1 g/cm(2) of downstream AI buffer is sufficient to provide electron equilibration for CaF2:Mn thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) over the measured energy range of 5.5 to 25.1 MeV, respectively. Once ''effective'' equilibration has been established, an expression of the form DA/Q = C(1)V(C2)e(-C3VC4 lambda), can be used to predict the dose-area (DA) product per absorbed beam charge (Q) at a given incident beam energy (V) in TLDs as a function of depth (lambda in absorbers, within a fixed solid angle centered about the beam axis. This expression is quantified for the measurements presented here. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1409 EP 1417 DI 10.1109/23.273524 PN 1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA MV375 UT WOS:A1993MV37500020 ER PT J AU KELLY, JGJ GRIFFIN, PJ FAN, WC AF KELLY, JGJ GRIFFIN, PJ FAN, WC TI BENCHMARKING THE SANDIA PULSED REACTOR-III CAVITY NEUTRON-SPECTRUM FOR ELECTRONIC PARTS CALIBRATION AND TESTING SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 30th Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 19-23, 1993 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP IEEE, NUCL & PLASMA SCI SOC, RADIAT EFFECTS COMM, US DEPT DEF, DEF NUCL AGCY, US DEF ENERGY ENERGY, SANDIA NATL LAB, NASA, JET PROPULS LAB AB The SPR III bare cavity spectrum and integral parameters have been determined with 24 measured spectrum sensor responses and an independent, detailed, transport calculation. This environment qualifies as a benchmark field for electronic parts testing. RP KELLY, JGJ (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1418 EP 1425 DI 10.1109/23.273523 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA MV375 UT WOS:A1993MV37500021 ER PT J AU CASTRO, HA SWEET, MR AF CASTRO, HA SWEET, MR TI RADIATION EXPOSURE EFFECTS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF AN ELECTRICALLY TRAINABLE ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORK (ETANN) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 30th Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 19-23, 1993 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP IEEE, NUCL & PLASMA SCI SOC, RADIAT EFFECTS COMM, US DEPT DEF, DEF NUCL AGCY, US DEF ENERGY ENERGY, SANDIA NATL LAB, NASA, JET PROPULS LAB ID DEVICES; SPACE AB We present the effects of radiation exposure on an analog neural network device.;The neural network implements a fully parallel architecture integrating 10,240 analog non-volatile synapses fabricated in a CMOS process. Graceful degradation of forward propagation performance was observed in units that were exposed to absorbed doses of up to 26 Krads (Si) of 10 MeV electrons. The units were exposed without bias, except for that due to the floating gates. Single chip solutions to two pattern recognition problems representing two levels of difficulty are employed for testing. Post-irradiation-effects are observed over the following weeks after exposure due to latent charge trapping mechanism in the oxides of the non-volatile floating gate structures. We show that with the suitable algorithm and model, units with apparently permanent damage can be retrained to 100% recognition performance. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP CASTRO, HA (reprint author), INTEL CORP,1900 PRAIRIE CITY RD,FOLSOM,CA 95630, USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1575 EP 1583 DI 10.1109/23.273503 PN 1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA MV375 UT WOS:A1993MV37500043 ER PT J AU MURRAY, JR AF MURRAY, JR TI DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR A RADIATION-HARDENED NONVOLATILE MEMORY SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 30th Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 19-23, 1993 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP IEEE, NUCL & PLASMA SCI SOC, RADIAT EFFECTS COMM, US DEPT DEF, DEF NUCL AGCY, US DEF ENERGY ENERGY, SANDIA NATL LAB, NASA, JET PROPULS LAB ID TOTAL-DOSE RADIATION; TRANSISTORS AB Sub-optimal design practices can reduce the radiation hardness of a circuit even though it is fabricated in a radiation hardened process. This is especially true for a nonvolatile memory, as compared to a standard digital circuit, where high voltages and unusual bias conditions are required. This paper will discuss the design techniques used in the development of a 64K EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) to maximize radiation hardness. The circuit radiation test results will be reviewed in order to provide validation of the techniques. RP MURRAY, JR (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,DEPT 1341,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1610 EP 1618 DI 10.1109/23.273499 PN 1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA MV375 UT WOS:A1993MV37500048 ER PT J AU SCHWANK, JR FLEETWOOD, DM SHANEYFELT, MR WINOKUR, PS AF SCHWANK, JR FLEETWOOD, DM SHANEYFELT, MR WINOKUR, PS TI A CRITICAL COMPARISON OF CHARGE-PUMPING, DUAL-TRANSISTOR, AND MIDGAP MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 30th Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 19-23, 1993 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP IEEE, NUCL & PLASMA SCI SOC, RADIAT EFFECTS COMM, US DEPT DEF, DEF NUCL AGCY, US DEF ENERGY ENERGY, SANDIA NATL LAB, NASA, JET PROPULS LAB ID INDUCED INTERFACE TRAPS; IONIZING-RADIATION; MOS CAPACITOR; MOBILITY; DEVICES AB Charge-pumping, dual-transistor, and midgap estimates of radiation-induced interface-trap density are compared for a large number of transistors fabricated using a wide range of processing technologies. Comparisons are shown for single-transistor midgap and charge-pumping measurements and dual-transistor-mobility measurements. When conventional analysis methods are used to determine threshold voltages, there can be as much as a factor of two difference in the density of interface traps measured by charge pumping and the dual-transistor-mobility and midgap techniques. Using the voltage that corresponds to twice the bulk potential, 2 phi(B), as the threshold voltage, better agreement between the three techniques is obtained. In addition, we present a new technique that combines n- and p-channel transistor charge-pumping and threshold-voltage measurements to accurately determine the threshold-voltage shifts due to interface- and oxide-trap charge. Termed the ''dual-transistor charge-pumping'' technique, it contains no adjustable parameters and includes a physically-based self-consistency check. The self-consistency check has been used to identify measurement problems and where the assumptions underlying the analysis broke down. This technique is valid in the limit of small border-trap densities and also provides the first analytic estimate of the region of the band gap that contributes to interface-trap measurements. RP SCHWANK, JR (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,DEPT 1332,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 27 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1666 EP 1677 DI 10.1109/23.273494 PN 1 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA MV375 UT WOS:A1993MV37500055 ER PT J AU SHANEYFELT, MR FLEETWOOD, DM WINOKUR, PS SCHWANK, JR MEISENHEIMER, TL AF SHANEYFELT, MR FLEETWOOD, DM WINOKUR, PS SCHWANK, JR MEISENHEIMER, TL TI EFFECTS OF DEVICE SCALING AND GEOMETRY ON MOS RADIATION HARDNESS ASSURANCE SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 30th Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 19-23, 1993 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP IEEE, NUCL & PLASMA SCI SOC, RADIAT EFFECTS COMM, US DEPT DEF, DEF NUCL AGCY, US DEF ENERGY ENERGY, SANDIA NATL LAB, NASA, JET PROPULS LAB ID TOTAL-DOSE RADIATION; 1/F NOISE; X-RAY; TRANSISTORS; CHANNEL; CHARGE; MOSFETS; TRAPS AB In this work we investigate the effects of transistor scaling and geometry on radiation hardness. The total-dose response is shown to depend strongly on transistor channel length. Specifically, transistors with shorter gate lengths tend to show more negative threshold-voltage shifts during irradiation than transistors with longer gate lengths, Similarly, transistors with longer gate lengths tend to show more positive threshold-voltage shifts during postirradiation annealing than transistors with shorter gate lengths. These differences in radiation response, caused by differences in transistor size and geometry, will be important to factor into test-structure-to-IC correlations necessary to support cost-effective Qualified Manufacturers List (QML) hardness assurance. Transistors with minimum gate length (more negative Delta V-th) will have a larger effect on ''standby'' power supply current for an IC at high dose rates, such as in a weapon environment, where worst-case response is associated with negative threshold-voltage shifts during irradiation. On the other hand, transistors with maximum gate length (more positive Delta V-th) Will have a larger effect on the timing parameters of an IC at low dose rates, such as in a space environment, where worst-case response is represented by positive threshold-voltage shifts after postirradiation anneal. The channel size and geometry effects we observe cannot be predicted from simple scaling models, but occur because of real differences in oxide-, interface-, and border-trap charge densities among devices of different sizes. RP SHANEYFELT, MR (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,DEPT 1332,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 27 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1678 EP 1685 DI 10.1109/23.273493 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA MV375 UT WOS:A1993MV37500056 ER PT J AU NOWLIN, RN FLEETWOOD, DM SCHRIMPF, RD PEASE, RL COMBS, WE AF NOWLIN, RN FLEETWOOD, DM SCHRIMPF, RD PEASE, RL COMBS, WE TI HARDNESS-ASSURANCE AND TESTING ISSUES FOR BIPOLAR/BICMOS DEVICES SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 30th Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 19-23, 1993 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP IEEE, NUCL & PLASMA SCI SOC, RADIAT EFFECTS COMM, US DEPT DEF, DEF NUCL AGCY, US DEF ENERGY ENERGY, SANDIA NATL LAB, NASA, JET PROPULS LAB ID OXIDE-SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; X-RAY; IONIZING-RADIATION; ELECTRON; DAMAGE AB Different hardness-assurance tests are often required for advanced bipolar devices than for CMOS devices. In this work, the dose-rate dependence of bipolar current-gain degradation is mapped over a wide range of dose rates for the first time, and it is very different from analogous MOSFET curves. Annealing experiments following irradiation show negligible change in base current at room temperature, but significant recovery at temperatures of 100 degrees C and above. In contrast to what is observed in MOSFET's, irradiation and annealing tests cannot be used to predict the low-dose-rate response of bipolar devices. A comparison of x-ray-induced and Co-60 gamma-ray-induced gain degradation is reported for the first time for bipolar transistors. The role of the emitter bias during irradiation is also examined. Implications fdr hardening and hardness assurance are discussed. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. RLP RES,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87106. USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,CRANE,IN 47522. RP NOWLIN, RN (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT ECE,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. RI Schrimpf, Ronald/L-5549-2013 OI Schrimpf, Ronald/0000-0001-7419-2701 NR 19 TC 66 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1686 EP 1693 DI 10.1109/23.273492 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA MV375 UT WOS:A1993MV37500057 ER PT J AU WARREN, WL SHANEYFELT, MR SCHWANK, JR FLEETWOOD, DM WINOKUR, PS DEVINE, RAB MASZARA, WP MCKITTERICK, JB AF WARREN, WL SHANEYFELT, MR SCHWANK, JR FLEETWOOD, DM WINOKUR, PS DEVINE, RAB MASZARA, WP MCKITTERICK, JB TI PARAMAGNETIC DEFECT CENTERS IN BESOI AND SIMOX BURIED OXIDES SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 30th Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 19-23, 1993 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP IEEE, NUCL & PLASMA SCI SOC, RADIAT EFFECTS COMM, US DEPT DEF, DEF NUCL AGCY, US DEF ENERGY ENERGY, SANDIA NATL LAB, NASA, JET PROPULS LAB ID ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; SILICON-ON-INSULATOR; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; ACTIVE DEFECTS; SIO2 LAYERS; E' CENTERS; IRRADIATION; CHARGE AB We have combined electron paramagnetic resonance and capacitance-voltage measurements to identify the chemical nature and charge state of defects in BESOI and SIMOX materials. The four types of defect centers observed, charged oxygen vacancies, delocalized hole centers, amorphous-Si centers, and oxygen-related donors, are strikingly similar. In the BESOI materials, the radiation-induced EPR centers are located at or near the bonded interface. Therefore, the bonded interface is a potential hole trap site and may lead to radiation-induced back-channel leakage. In SIMOX materials it is found that all of the defects in the buried oxide are due to excess-Si. Our results using poly-Si/thermal oxide/Si structures Strongly suggest that it is the post-implantation, high temperature anneal processing step in SIMOX that leads to their existence. The anneal leads to the outdiffusion of oxygen from the buried oxide creating excess-Si related defects in the oxide and O-related donors in the underlying Si substrates. Last, our study has elucidated a number of interesting aspects regarding the physical nature of a relatively new class of defects in SiO2: delocalized spin centers. We find that they are hole traps in both SIMOX and BESOI materials. C1 FRANCE TELECOM,CTR NATL ETUD TELECOMMUN,F-38243 MEYLAN,FRANCE. ALLIED SIGNAL AEROSP CORP,COLUMBIA,MD 21045. RP WARREN, WL (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 33 TC 50 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1755 EP 1764 DI 10.1109/23.273482 PN 1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA MV375 UT WOS:A1993MV37500067 ER PT J AU SEXTON, FW HORN, KM DOYLE, BL LAIRD, JS CHOLEWA, M SAINT, A LEGGE, GJF AF SEXTON, FW HORN, KM DOYLE, BL LAIRD, JS CHOLEWA, M SAINT, A LEGGE, GJF TI RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN IBICC IMAGING AND SEU IN CMOS ICS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 30th Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 19-23, 1993 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP IEEE, NUCL & PLASMA SCI SOC, RADIAT EFFECTS COMM, US DEPT DEF, DEF NUCL AGCY, US DEF ENERGY ENERGY, SANDIA NATL LAB, NASA, JET PROPULS LAB ID SINGLE-EVENT UPSETS; CHARGE COLLECTION; NUCLEAR MICROPROBE; TRANSPORT AB Ion-beam-induced charge-collection imaging (IBICC) has been used to study the SEU mechanisms of the Sandia TA670 16K-bit SRAM. Quantitative charge-collection spectra from known regions of the memory cell have been derived with this technique. For 2.4-MeV He ions at normal incidence, charge collection depth for a reverse-biased p+ drain strike is estimated to be 4.8+/-0.4 mu m. Heavy-ion strikes to the reverse-biased p-well result in nearly complete collection of deposited charge to a depth of 5.5+/-0.5 mu m. A charge amplification effect in the n-on drain is identified and is due to either bipolar amplification or a shunt effect in the parasitic vertical npn bipolar transistor associated with the n+/n(-) substrate, p-well, and n+ drain. This effect is present only when the n+ drain is at OV bias. When coupled with previous SEU-imaging, these results strongly suggest that the dominant SEU mechanism in this SRAM is a heavy-ion strike to the n-on transistor drain. RP SEXTON, FW (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. RI Laird, Jamie/A-7683-2011; Cholewa, Marian/C-9474-2011 NR 17 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1787 EP 1794 DI 10.1109/23.273478 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA MV375 UT WOS:A1993MV37500071 ER PT J AU GOSSETT, CA HUGHLOCK, BW KATOOZI, M LARUE, GS WENDER, SA AF GOSSETT, CA HUGHLOCK, BW KATOOZI, M LARUE, GS WENDER, SA TI SINGLE EVENT PHENOMENA IN ATMOSPHERIC NEUTRON ENVIRONMENTS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 30th Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 19-23, 1993 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP IEEE, NUCL & PLASMA SCI SOC, RADIAT EFFECTS COMM, US DEPT DEF, DEF NUCL AGCY, US DEF ENERGY ENERGY, SANDIA NATL LAB, NASA, JET PROPULS LAB ID UPSETS; SRAMS; RATES C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM. RP GOSSETT, CA (reprint author), BOEING DEF & SPACE GRP,SEATTLE,WA, USA. NR 17 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1845 EP 1852 DI 10.1109/23.273471 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA MV375 UT WOS:A1993MV37500078 ER PT J AU BEDESCHI, F GALEOTTI, S GHERARDUCCI, F MARIOTTI, M MORSANI, F PASSUELLO, D TARTARELLI GRIECO, GM NELSON, C TKACZYK, S HABER, C RISTORI, L BAILEY, M SCIACCA, GF TURINI, N CEI, M AF BEDESCHI, F GALEOTTI, S GHERARDUCCI, F MARIOTTI, M MORSANI, F PASSUELLO, D TARTARELLI GRIECO, GM NELSON, C TKACZYK, S HABER, C RISTORI, L BAILEY, M SCIACCA, GF TURINI, N CEI, M TI SPY - A MONITORING-SYSTEM FOR THE SILICON VERTEX DETECTOR OF CDF SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB We describe the basic principles and the fundamentals of the design of the system of monitoring the CDF silicon vertex detector. Also described are some results and possible future developments of this promising way of checking complex detectors with high amount of channels. C1 SCUOLA NORMALE SUPER PISA,PISA,ITALY. OLIVETTI,IVREA,ITALY. FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,BATAVIA,IL 60510. LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. PURDUE UNIV,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. UNIV CATANIA,I-95124 CATANIA,ITALY. UNIV BOLOGNA,I-40126 BOLOGNA,ITALY. RP BEDESCHI, F (reprint author), INFN,SEZIOMED PISA,VIA VECCHIA LIVORNESE S PIERO A GRADO,I-56010 PISA,ITALY. RI Tartarelli, Giuseppe Francesco/A-5629-2016; OI Tartarelli, Giuseppe Francesco/0000-0002-4244-502X; Turini, Nicola/0000-0002-9395-5230 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1998 EP 2000 DI 10.1109/23.273453 PN 2 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA MV376 UT WOS:A1993MV37600002 ER PT J AU MADDEN, N LANDIS, D ADACHI, R PEHL, R ABOTT, R STOGSDILL, E AF MADDEN, N LANDIS, D ADACHI, R PEHL, R ABOTT, R STOGSDILL, E TI A SPARSE ARCHITECTURE LOW-POWER GATED INTEGRATOR FOR USE WITH GERMANIUM GAMMA-RAY SPECTROMETERS IN REMOTE GEOCHEMISTRY MEASUREMENTS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Prototypical circuits of a low power gated integrator for use with germanium gamma-ray spectrometers in remote locations have been developed. The gated integrator is constructed from the three very simple sub circuits. With a power consumption of < 250 mW the low count rate spectroscopy performance of this gated integrator is comparable to that of a conventional pulse shaping amplifier at energies of 1 MeV and greater. C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP MADDEN, N (reprint author), BALL AEROSP SYST GRP,BOULDER,CO, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 40 IS 6 BP 2045 EP 2048 DI 10.1109/23.273559 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA MV376 UT WOS:A1993MV37600011 ER PT J AU SCHOENBERG, KF GERWIN, RA HENINS, I MAYO, RM SCHEUER, JT WURDEN, GA AF SCHOENBERG, KF GERWIN, RA HENINS, I MAYO, RM SCHEUER, JT WURDEN, GA TI PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION OF POWER-FLOW AND PERFORMANCE PHENOMENA IN A MULTIMEGAWATT COAXIAL PLASMA THRUSTER SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ENERGY AB This paper summarizes preliminary experimental and theoretical research that was directed toward the study of quasi-steady-state power flow in a large, unoptimized, multimegawatt coaxial plasma thruster. The paper addresses large coaxial thruster operation and includes evaluation and interpretation of the experimental results with a view to the development of efficient, steady-state, megawatt-class magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) thrusters. Experimental studies utilized the Coaxial Thruster Experiment (CTX) facility at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. The unoptimized thruster, 1 m in length with inner and outer tungsten-coated electrode diameters of 0.37 and 0.56 m, respectively, was operated over a range of peak power levels (nominally 10-40 MW) in order to ascertain high-power performance scaling. In addition to pure self-field operation, an unoptimized applied magnetic field configuration, with adjustable flux densities, was used to form a rudimentary, annular magnetic nozzle. In this initial research, an accurate power balance was precluded due to the lack of spatial resolution of power deposition on the electrodes. However, the data, together with a calorimetric IR data reduction algorithm, did quantify energy flux deposition on electrode surfaces and provided a qualitative picture of global power flow and thruster performance. Highlights of this study include the observations that the measured longitudinal how velocity of the propellant was in essential agreement with the prediction of self-field nozzle theory, achieving Alfvenic hew velocities of approximate to 10(5) m/s. Furthermore, radiative emission was a negligible power loss mechanism (< 10%) over the operational power range Studied. Preliminary measurements indicate that the magnetic topology between anode and cathode can produce a substantial influence on the electrode sheath potentials, especially on the anode fall. This thereby suggests a means for influencing the power deposited on the electrodes, with concomitant benefits to thruster efficiency, without relinquishing axisymmetry. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORY,PLASMA THEORY GRP,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT NUCL ENGN,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP SCHOENBERG, KF (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,TECH STAFF,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. RI Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017 OI Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484 NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 21 IS 6 BP 625 EP 644 DI 10.1109/27.256783 PG 20 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA MQ941 UT WOS:A1993MQ94100004 ER PT J AU MAIER, WB KADISH, A BUCHENAUER, CJ ROBISCOE, RT AF MAIER, WB KADISH, A BUCHENAUER, CJ ROBISCOE, RT TI ELECTRICAL-DISCHARGE INITIATION AND A MACROSCOPIC MODEL FOR FORMATIVE TIME LAGS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BREAKDOWN; STREAMERS AB Formative times in electrical discharges in over-voltaged gaps are analyzed with a model having no spatial dependence and with simple assumptions about discharge channel temperature T and discharge voltage. The model treats the early temporal evolution of the discharge. Specifically, the dissipative voltage drop V*, across the discharge is taken to be a step function of T. We assume thermal quasi-equilibrium in the discharge medium and show d(In t(d))/d(In theta) = -1, i.e., theta t(d) = constant, where theta is the fractional overvoltage and t(d) is the formative time lag, in agreement with measured values of t(d) for much of the experimentally explored range of theta. We present highly time-resolved (similar to 92 ps) experimental data on the first 10 ns of electrical discharge initiation; these data suggest that our model should provide a reasonable representation of t(d), when t(d) > 10-100 ns. C1 MONTANA STATE UNIV,BOZEMAN,MT 59715. RP MAIER, WB (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 21 IS 6 BP 676 EP 683 DI 10.1109/27.256787 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA MQ941 UT WOS:A1993MQ94100008 ER PT J AU SWEGLE, JA ANDERSON, RA CAMACHO, JF POOLE, BR RHODES, MA ROSENBURY, ET SHAEFFER, DL AF SWEGLE, JA ANDERSON, RA CAMACHO, JF POOLE, BR RHODES, MA ROSENBURY, ET SHAEFFER, DL TI SCALING STUDIES AND TIME-RESOLVED MICROWAVE MEASUREMENTS ON A RELATIVISTIC BACKWARD-WAVE OSCILLATOR SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-BEAM; RADIATION; CURRENTS AB We built a relativistic backward-wave oscillator (BWO) operating at a frequency near 8 GHz. In our experiments, the parameters of the 60-ns electron beam driving this microwave source were varied over the ranges 0.8-1.5 MV and 2-10 kA. Also, we tried several different annular cathodes for launching the electron beam, varying the outer radius and shape. The axial magnetic field guiding the beam through the BWO was varied between 0.6 and 3 T. Finally, we investigated the power transfer downstream to an output waveguide as a function of the shape of the transition from the BWO to the waveguide. We discuss the scaling of the output power and frequency with these variations. In addition, we show time-resolved measurements of 2-ns-long segments of the microwave output. In observations of the microwave signal, we found the frequency shifted as the output power envelope passed through a sharp dip; we propose that this shift corresponds to a change in the longitudinal operating mode of the BWO. RP SWEGLE, JA (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 30 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 21 IS 6 BP 714 EP 724 DI 10.1109/27.256791 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA MQ941 UT WOS:A1993MQ94100012 ER PT J AU KADISH, A AF KADISH, A TI NONLINEAR DISCHARGE DYNAMICS IN SMALL-BORE CURRENT CHANNELS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LUMPED-CIRCUIT MODEL; ELECTRICAL DISCHARGES AB General properties of current and voltage dynamics for discharges having narrow current channels are studied using a generic transmission-line model with active parameters. The line parameters for the inductance and capacitance per unit length are, except for positivity and some physically motivated monotonicity conditions, left as unspecified functions of local line current and voltage. (Specific functions would be determined by configuration-specific self-consistent variations of the current channel with fields.) The resistance per unit length is taken to vary inversely with current, thereby assuring dynamical properties common to transient electrical discharges, i.e., 1) thresholds to be exceeded by local voltage gradients for discharge current initiation, 2) locally abrupt current termination with the possibility of later self-generated current restart, and 3) residual charge gradients in the current channel at discharge termination. (This model of the resistance describes the ''glow region'' of discharges.) Emphasis is placed on determining global properties of current front dynamics, i.e., the speed and direction of motion of the free boundary interfaces between instantaneously active (current-carrying) and passive (current-free) regions of the discharge current channel,;and the space-time paths across which current reversal occurs. The results are applied to surface electrical discharges initiated at a charge spot. RP KADISH, A (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 21 IS 6 BP 743 EP 754 DI 10.1109/27.256795 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA MQ941 UT WOS:A1993MQ94100016 ER PT J AU MEEKS, E CAPPELLI, MA AF MEEKS, E CAPPELLI, MA TI A MULTI-FLUID STAGNATION-FLOW PLASMA MODEL WITH SELF-CONSISTENT TREATMENT OF THE COLLISIONAL SHEATH SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; DISCHARGES; ARC AB A two-temperature, multi-fluid model of a plasma in stagnation flow against a cooled, electrically biased surface is presented in this paper, The model couples bulk fluid motion, species diffusion and convection, electron and bulk energy equations, and net finite-rate ionization with Poisson's equation for the electric field in a generalized formulation. Application of the model to argon pow reveals important interactions between thermal, hydrodynamic, chemical and electrical boundary-layers, with implications to current-limiting regimes of arcjet operation. Our analysis also examines the response of a planar, Langmuir probe in contact with a collisional, flowing plasma. Determinations of current-voltage behavior compare well to simple theory, including dependence on incident plasma velocity. Departures from this theory arise from boundary-layer perturbations near the electrode surface, away from free-stream conditions. The computational model incorporates a finite-rate catalytic recombination of ions and electrons at the electrode surface together with a specified current. These boundary conditions determine electron and ion fluxes at the surface consistent with mass and charge conservation. While the value of the net recombination rate is unknown, the dependence of calculated sheath strength on this rate is discussed. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,DEPT COMPUTAT MECH,TECH STAFF,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. RP MEEKS, E (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,DEPT MECH ENGN,HIGH TEMP GASDYNAM LAB,STANFORD,CA 94305, USA. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 21 IS 6 BP 768 EP 777 DI 10.1109/27.256798 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA MQ941 UT WOS:A1993MQ94100019 ER PT J AU TIDMAN, DA WITHERSPOON, FD PARKER, JV AF TIDMAN, DA WITHERSPOON, FD PARKER, JV TI A GAS-INSULATED RAILGUN SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Note ID PERFORMANCE AB A railgun concept is discussed in which a high pressure prefill of hydrogen serves as the close-in insulator between the rails. The Gas-Insulated Railgun (GIRG) may reduce or eliminate the velocity-limiting problem of growth and separation of the current-carrying armature region behind the projectile, and thus allow higher launch velocities to be achieved. A hybrid armature appears appropriate for this launcher. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP TIDMAN, DA (reprint author), GT DEVICES INC,ALEXANDRIA,VA 22312, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 21 IS 6 BP 784 EP 785 DI 10.1109/27.256800 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA MQ941 UT WOS:A1993MQ94100021 ER PT J AU REISTER, DB UNSEREN, MA AF REISTER, DB UNSEREN, MA TI POSITION AND CONSTRAINT FORCE CONTROL OF A VEHICLE WITH 2 OR MORE STEERABLE DRIVE WHEELS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LA English DT Article ID MANIPULATORS; DYNAMICS AB Since a vehicle with two or more steerable drive wheels is always traveling in a circle about an instantaneous center of rotation, the motion of the wheels is constrained. The wheel translational velocity divided by the radius to the center of rotation must be the same for all wheels. When the drive wheels are controlled independently using position control, the motion of the wheels may violate the constraints and the wheels may slip. Consequently, substantial errors can occur in the position and orientation of the vehicle. A vehicle with N steerable drive wheels has N holonomic constraints on the steering angles, (N - 1) nonholonomic constraints on the wheel velocities, and one degree of freedom. We have developed a new approach to the control of a vehicle with N steerable drive wheels. The novel aspect of our approach is the introduction of variables to control the constraint forces. To control the vehicle, we have one variable to control motion and (N - 1) variables that can control the constraint forces to reduce errors. Recently, Kankaanranta and Koivo developed a control architecture that allows the control variables for force and position to be decoupled. In the work of Kankaanranta and Koivo the control variables for force are an exogenous input. We have made the control variables for force endogenous by defining them in terms of the errors in satisfying the nonholonomic constraints. We have applied the control architecture to the HERMIES-III robot and have measured a dramatic reduction in error (more than a factor of 20) compared to motions without constraint force control. RP REISTER, DB (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,CTR ENGN SYST ADV RES,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 9 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1042-296X J9 IEEE T ROBOTIC AUTOM JI IEEE Trans. Robot. Autom. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 9 IS 6 BP 723 EP 731 DI 10.1109/70.265916 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA MY603 UT WOS:A1993MY60300002 ER PT J AU NGUYEN, HD PAIK, SH CHUNG, JN AF NGUYEN, HD PAIK, SH CHUNG, JN TI UNSTEADY MIXED CONVECTION HEAT-TRANSFER FROM A SOLID SPHERE - THE CONJUGATE PROBLEM SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID LOW REYNOLDS-NUMBERS; NAVIER-STOKES; EQUATIONS AB Heat transfer associated with a spherical particle under simultaneous free and forced convection is numerically investigated using a combined Chebyshev-Legendre spectral method. Both internal and external thermal resistances are taken into consideration by means of a conjugate model consisting of the full Navier-Stokes equations for external flow and the energy equations for both inside and outside the sphere. An influence matrix technique is employed to resolve the difficulties created by the lack of vorticity boundary conditions and to decouple the energy equations from interfacial couplings. Simulation results reveal that effects due to natural convection are most remarkable in the wake where the flow structure is changed. The overall Nusselt number and the drag coefficient show an increase or decrease in magnitude depending on whether gravity-induced flow aids or opposes the main flow. However, the change does not exceed 17% for the cases Gr/Re2 less-than-or-equal-to 40. When the buoyancy and the free stream are in the same direction, the effects are less pronounced than when they are in the opposite direction. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT MECH & MAT ENGN,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP NGUYEN, HD (reprint author), EG&G IDAHO INC,IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415, USA. NR 17 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 36 IS 18 BP 4443 EP 4453 DI 10.1016/0017-9310(93)90128-S PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA MH796 UT WOS:A1993MH79600016 ER PT J AU LOMDAHL, PS BEAZLEY, DM TAMAYO, P GRONBECHJENSEN, N AF LOMDAHL, PS BEAZLEY, DM TAMAYO, P GRONBECHJENSEN, N TI MULTIMILLION PARTICLE MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS ON THE CM-5 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS C-PHYSICS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Large Scale Computational Physics on Massively Parallel Computers CY JUN 14-16, 1993 CL HOCHSTLEISTUNGSRECHENZENTRUM, KFA JULICH, GERMANY HO HOCHSTLEISTUNGSRECHENZENTRUM AB We outline a recently developed short-range molecular dynamics (MD) algorithm for message-passing MIMD computers. Timings and performance numbers are presented for a code, SPaSM, which implements the algorithm on the Connection Machine-5 (CM-5). We demonstrate that runs with more than 10(8) particles are now possible on massively parallel MIMD computers. The speed of the code scales linearly with the number of processors and with the number of particles and shows 95% parallel efficiency in the speedup. Recent results from 2D simulations of fracture dynamics are also presented C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,ADV COMP LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP LOMDAHL, PS (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 9 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 0129-1831 J9 INT J MOD PHYS C JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. C-Phys. Comput. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 4 IS 6 BP 1075 EP 1084 DI 10.1142/S0129183193000835 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA MQ883 UT WOS:A1993MQ88300003 ER PT J AU CODERRE, JA MAKAR, MS MICCA, PL NAWROCKY, MM LIU, HYB JOEL, DD SLATKIN, DN AMOLS, HI AF CODERRE, JA MAKAR, MS MICCA, PL NAWROCKY, MM LIU, HYB JOEL, DD SLATKIN, DN AMOLS, HI TI DERIVATIONS OF RELATIVE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTIVENESS FOR THE HIGH-LET RADIATIONS PRODUCED DURING BORON NEUTRON-CAPTURE IRRADIATIONS OF THE 9L RAT GLIOSARCOMA IN-VITRO AND IN-VIVO SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE 9L GLIOSARCOMA; RAT; BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY; RELATIVE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTIVENESS; HIGH LINEAR ENERGY TRANSFER ID B-16 MELANOMA-CELLS; ALPHA-PARTICLES; B-10(N,ALPHA)LI-7 REACTION; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; C3H 10T1/2; THERAPY; RBE; V79; INACTIVATION; SURVIVAL AB Purpose: Relative biological effectiveness (RBE) values for the high linear-energy-transfer particles produced during boron neutron capture therapy have generally been based on theoretical considerations or on in vitro experiments. The purpose of this study was to independently determine RBE values for all of the boron neutron capture therapy dose components. Methods and Materials: Clonogenic cell survival data were obtained for 9L rat gliosarcoma cells irradiated in the Brookhaven Medical Research Reactor thermal neutron beam both in vitro and as an intracerebral tumor. These data were analyzed using the linear quadratic model for cell survival to derive measured RBE values for all beam components and for a number of different boron compounds. Results: In the absence of boron, the combined effects of the protons from the nitrogen capture, N-14(n,p)C-14, and the fast neutron scatter, H-1(n,n')p, reactions generated RBEs of 3.7 in vitro and 3.2 in an in vivo/in vitro excision assay, compared to 250 kVp X rays using an end point of 1% cell survival. Apparent RBEs for the B-10(n,alpha)Li-7 reaction products were calculated from cell survival data following reactor irradiations in the presence of the amino acid p-boronophenylalanine, the sulfhydryl dodecaborate monomer or dimer, or boric acid. Apparent RBEs for the B-10(n,alpha)Li-7 reaction ranged from 1.2 to 9.8 depending on which boron compound was used. RBEs from the in vitro studies were consistently higher than from the in vivo/in vitro studies. Under any conditions, the apparent RBE for the B-10(n,alpha)Li-7 reaction with p-boronophenylalanine was higher than that with any other boron compound tested. Conclusions: Generally accepted RBE values for the fast neutron and N-14(n,p)C-14 reaction components of the total dose are too low. The apparent RBEs calculated for the B-10(n,alpha)Li-7 reaction were compound-dependent and consistent with differences in the distribution of B-10 relative to glioma cell nuclei. C1 COLUMBIA UNIV,CTR RADIOL RES,NEW YORK,NY 10032. COLUMBIA UNIV,DEPT RADIAT ONCOL,NEW YORK,NY 10032. RP CODERRE, JA (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT MED,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 39 TC 101 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 27 IS 5 BP 1121 EP 1129 PG 9 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA ML947 UT WOS:A1993ML94700018 PM 8262837 ER PT J AU BERGE, PA WANG, HF BONNER, BP AF BERGE, PA WANG, HF BONNER, BP TI PORE PRESSURE BUILDUP COEFFICIENT IN SYNTHETIC AND NATURAL SANDSTONES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE STRESS; POROUS ROCK; FLUID AB We present laboratory measurements of Skempton's pore pressure buildup coefficient B for synthetic and natural sandstones, and use our results to estimate the unjacketed pore compressibility 1/K(phi). Measured values of B are always near unity for differential pressures below approximately 2 MPa, regardless of porosity, grain composition, or the presence of small amounts of clay in the samples. We observed B near 0.7-0.8 for differential pressures of about 8-21 MPa in a clay-free synthetic sandstone. Similar values are expected for natural sandstones with low crack densities, whereas sandstones containing greater concentrations of microcracks apparently have values of B near 0.6. Our results suggest that the pore compressibility may have values close to the pore-fluid compressibility rather than the grain compressibility. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. RP LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. NR 29 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1365-1609 EI 1873-4545 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 30 IS 7 BP 1135 EP 1141 DI 10.1016/0148-9062(93)90083-P PG 7 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA MR679 UT WOS:A1993MR67900082 ER PT J AU BERRYMAN, JG AF BERRYMAN, JG TI EFFECTIVE-STRESS RULES FOR PORE-FLUID TRANSPORT IN ROCKS CONTAINING 2 MINERALS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID POROUS ROCK; PERMEABILITY RP LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, POB 808 L-202, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. RI Berryman, James/A-9712-2008 NR 11 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1365-1609 EI 1873-4545 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 30 IS 7 BP 1165 EP 1168 DI 10.1016/0148-9062(93)90087-T PG 4 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA MR679 UT WOS:A1993MR67900086 ER PT J AU DURHAM, WB BONNER, BP AF DURHAM, WB BONNER, BP TI PEAK - A NEW KIND OF SURFACE MICROSCOPE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES & GEOMECHANICS ABSTRACTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th U.S. Symposium on Rock Mechanics CY JUN 27-30, 1993 CL UNIV WISCONSIN MADISON, MADISON, WI SP US NATL COMM ROCK MECH HO UNIV WISCONSIN MADISON RP DURHAM, WB (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 6 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0148-9062 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 30 IS 7 BP 699 EP 702 DI 10.1016/0148-9062(93)90008-2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA MR679 UT WOS:A1993MR67900007 ER PT J AU VANSAMBEEK, LL RATIGAN, JL HANSEN, FD AF VANSAMBEEK, LL RATIGAN, JL HANSEN, FD TI DILATANCY OF ROCK-SALT IN LABORATORY TESTS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES & GEOMECHANICS ABSTRACTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th U.S. Symposium on Rock Mechanics CY JUN 27-30, 1993 CL UNIV WISCONSIN MADISON, MADISON, WI SP US NATL COMM ROCK MECH HO UNIV WISCONSIN MADISON C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 88221. RP VANSAMBEEK, LL (reprint author), SPEC INC,POB 725,RAPID CITY,SD 57709, USA. NR 13 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0148-9062 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 30 IS 7 BP 735 EP 738 DI 10.1016/0148-9062(93)90015-6 PG 4 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA MR679 UT WOS:A1993MR67900014 ER PT J AU GREEN, DH WANG, HF BONNER, BP AF GREEN, DH WANG, HF BONNER, BP TI SHEAR-WAVE ATTENUATION IN DRY AND SATURATED SANDSTONE AT SEISMIC TO ULTRASONIC FREQUENCIES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES & GEOMECHANICS ABSTRACTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th U.S. Symposium on Rock Mechanics CY JUN 27-30, 1993 CL UNIV WISCONSIN MADISON, MADISON, WI SP US NATL COMM ROCK MECH HO UNIV WISCONSIN MADISON ID BIOT-GARDNER THEORY; SEDIMENTARY-ROCKS; COMPRESSIONAL-WAVE; FLUID SATURATION; GAS SATURATION; GRAIN CONTACTS; FRAME; POROSITY; VELOCITY; GLASS AB Ultrasonic and forced-oscillation methods have been applied to measure shear attenuation in Berea sandstone and a fused glass bead sample in the frequency ranges of .03 to 100 Hz and 600 to 1000 kHz. The Qs of dry Berea sandstone at atmospheric pressure falls in the range 100 to 150 for frequencies between .03 Hz and 20 Hz. The ultrasonic results show a much lower Q(s) (< 100) and a strong effect of complete fluid saturation. In the dry Berea samples, Q(s) is most strongly influenced by frequency at the highest confining pressure of 70 MPa. In all cases, ultrasonic shear Q decreases with increasing frequency. Fluid-flow mechanisms are indicated as the responsible loss mechanisms, both in the saturated samples and in the humid (room-dry) samples. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,MADISON,WI 53706. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. RP GREEN, DH (reprint author), OHIO UNIV,DEPT GEOL SCI,ATHENS,OH 45701, USA. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0148-9062 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 30 IS 7 BP 755 EP 761 DI 10.1016/0148-9062(93)90019-A PG 7 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA MR679 UT WOS:A1993MR67900018 ER PT J AU ITA, SL COOK, NGW MYER, LR NIHEI, KT AF ITA, SL COOK, NGW MYER, LR NIHEI, KT TI EFFECTS OF STRESS ANISOTROPY ON THE STATIC AND DYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF BEREA SANDSTONE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES & GEOMECHANICS ABSTRACTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th U.S. Symposium on Rock Mechanics CY JUN 27-30, 1993 CL UNIV WISCONSIN MADISON, MADISON, WI SP US NATL COMM ROCK MECH HO UNIV WISCONSIN MADISON C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT MAT SCI & MINERAL ENGN,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP ITA, SL (reprint author), LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV EARTH SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Nihei, Kurt/K-1239-2016 NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0148-9062 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 30 IS 7 BP 785 EP 788 DI 10.1016/0148-9062(93)90023-7 PG 4 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA MR679 UT WOS:A1993MR67900022 ER PT J AU OLSSON, WA BROWN, SR AF OLSSON, WA BROWN, SR TI HYDROMECHANICAL RESPONSE OF A FRACTURE UNDERGOING COMPRESSION AND SHEAR SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES & GEOMECHANICS ABSTRACTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th U.S. Symposium on Rock Mechanics CY JUN 27-30, 1993 CL UNIV WISCONSIN MADISON, MADISON, WI SP US NATL COMM ROCK MECH HO UNIV WISCONSIN MADISON ID ROCK JOINTS; CONTACTING SURFACES; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; BEHAVIOR; CLOSURE; FLUID; LOADS; FLOW AB The normal compliance and fluid flow rates through a natural fracture in Austin Chalk were measured as a function of shear offset. We compare the experimental data on the effects of normal stress and shear offset on fluid flow rates to predictions from a microscopic theory of surface contact constrained by surface roughness measurements. RP OLSSON, WA (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,DEPT GEOMECH 6117,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 21 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0148-9062 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 30 IS 7 BP 845 EP 851 DI 10.1016/0148-9062(93)90034-B PG 7 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA MR679 UT WOS:A1993MR67900033 ER PT J AU HOLCOMB, DJ AF HOLCOMB, DJ TI GENERAL-THEORY OF THE KAISER EFFECT SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES & GEOMECHANICS ABSTRACTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th U.S. Symposium on Rock Mechanics CY JUN 27-30, 1993 CL UNIV WISCONSIN MADISON, MADISON, WI SP US NATL COMM ROCK MECH HO UNIV WISCONSIN MADISON ID STRESS AB A theory for the generalized Kaiser effect is discussed. Using the concept of a damage surface, the one-dimensional Kaiser effect is extended to a general stress state. Comparisons between the theory and experimental data show agreement in the predicted and observed properties of the Kaiser effect. Implications for the use of the Kaiser effect to determine in situ stress are discussed. It is shown that the commonly-used uniaxial loading method for determining in situ stress is not in accord with theory or observations of the Kaiser effect induced by laboratory-applied stress. An alternative theory of the Kaiser effect observed in cores loaded in situ is proposed. RP HOLCOMB, DJ (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,DEPT GEOMECH 6117,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 19 TC 58 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0148-9062 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 30 IS 7 BP 929 EP 935 DI 10.1016/0148-9062(93)90047-H PG 7 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA MR679 UT WOS:A1993MR67900046 ER PT J AU BEAUHEIM, RL WAWERSIK, WR ROBERTS, RM AF BEAUHEIM, RL WAWERSIK, WR ROBERTS, RM TI COUPLED PERMEABILITY AND HYDROFRACTURE TESTS TO ASSESS THE WASTE-CONTAINMENT PROPERTIES OF FRACTURED ANHYDRITE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES & GEOMECHANICS ABSTRACTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th U.S. Symposium on Rock Mechanics CY JUN 27-30, 1993 CL UNIV WISCONSIN MADISON, MADISON, WI SP US NATL COMM ROCK MECH HO UNIV WISCONSIN MADISON C1 INTERA INC,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87102. RP BEAUHEIM, RL (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,GEOSCI & GEOTECHNOL CTR 6100,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0148-9062 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 30 IS 7 BP 1159 EP 1163 DI 10.1016/0148-9062(93)90086-S PG 5 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA MR679 UT WOS:A1993MR67900085 ER PT J AU WARPINSKI, NR TEUFEL, LW AF WARPINSKI, NR TEUFEL, LW TI LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS OF THE EFFECTIVE-STRESS LAW FOR CARBONATE ROCKS UNDER DEFORMATION SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES & GEOMECHANICS ABSTRACTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th U.S. Symposium on Rock Mechanics CY JUN 27-30, 1993 CL UNIV WISCONSIN MADISON, MADISON, WI SP US NATL COMM ROCK MECH HO UNIV WISCONSIN MADISON ID EFFECTIVE PRESSURE RP WARPINSKI, NR (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0148-9062 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 30 IS 7 BP 1169 EP 1172 DI 10.1016/0148-9062(93)90088-U PG 4 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA MR679 UT WOS:A1993MR67900087 ER PT J AU FOSSUM, AF BRODSKY, NS CHAN, KS MUNSON, DE AF FOSSUM, AF BRODSKY, NS CHAN, KS MUNSON, DE TI EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF A CONSTITUTIVE MODEL FOR INELASTIC FLOW AND DAMAGE EVOLUTION IN SOLIDS SUBJECTED TO TRIAXIAL COMPRESSION SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES & GEOMECHANICS ABSTRACTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th U.S. Symposium on Rock Mechanics CY JUN 27-30, 1993 CL UNIV WISCONSIN MADISON, MADISON, WI SP US NATL COMM ROCK MECH HO UNIV WISCONSIN MADISON ID CRACK-TIP FIELDS C1 SW RES INST,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. RP FOSSUM, AF (reprint author), SPEC INC,POB 725,RAPID CITY,SD 57709, USA. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0148-9062 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 30 IS 7 BP 1341 EP 1344 DI 10.1016/0148-9062(93)90119-X PG 4 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA MR679 UT WOS:A1993MR67900118 ER PT J AU MUNSON, DE WEATHERBY, JR DEVRIES, KL AF MUNSON, DE WEATHERBY, JR DEVRIES, KL TI 2-DIMENSIONAL AND 3-DIMENSIONAL CALCULATIONS OF SCALED IN-SITU TESTS USING THE M-D MODEL OF SALT CREEP SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES & GEOMECHANICS ABSTRACTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th U.S. Symposium on Rock Mechanics CY JUN 27-30, 1993 CL UNIV WISCONSIN MADISON, MADISON, WI SP US NATL COMM ROCK MECH HO UNIV WISCONSIN MADISON C1 SPEC INC,RAPID CITY,SD 57709. RP MUNSON, DE (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0148-9062 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 30 IS 7 BP 1345 EP 1350 DI 10.1016/0148-9062(93)90120-3 PG 6 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA MR679 UT WOS:A1993MR67900119 ER PT J AU YANG, G COOK, NGW MYER, LR AF YANG, G COOK, NGW MYER, LR TI ANALYSIS OF PREFERENTIAL FLOW PATHS USING GRAPH-THEORY SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES & GEOMECHANICS ABSTRACTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th U.S. Symposium on Rock Mechanics CY JUN 27-30, 1993 CL UNIV WISCONSIN MADISON, MADISON, WI SP US NATL COMM ROCK MECH HO UNIV WISCONSIN MADISON AB Conceptually, both to understand the transport of single phase and multi-phase fluids through rocks and to analyze it, we require constitutive relations between fluid capillary pressures, relative saturation and relative permeability. Recently, an important phenomenon has been recognized, namely the existence of 'preferred paths' that carry a disportional share of the flow. This phenomenon is likely to be even more pronounced for two-phase flow and if the networks are irregular and conductances (throat diameters) are spatially correlated This study aims to provide a better understanding of fluid flow than do currently existing network models through numerical experiments on irregular networks, with different stochastic and spatially correlated properties using graph theory techniques. C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV EARTH SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP YANG, G (reprint author), LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DEPT MAT SCI & MINERAL ENGN,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0148-9062 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 30 IS 7 BP 1423 EP 1429 DI 10.1016/0148-9062(93)90131-V PG 7 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA MR679 UT WOS:A1993MR67900130 ER PT J AU MARTIN, RJ PRICE, RH BOYD, PJ NOEL, JS AF MARTIN, RJ PRICE, RH BOYD, PJ NOEL, JS TI THE INFLUENCE OF STRAIN-RATE AND SAMPLE INHOMOGENEITY ON THE MODULI AND STRENGTH OF WELDED TUFF SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES & GEOMECHANICS ABSTRACTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th U.S. Symposium on Rock Mechanics CY JUN 27-30, 1993 CL UNIV WISCONSIN MADISON, MADISON, WI SP US NATL COMM ROCK MECH HO UNIV WISCONSIN MADISON ID CRACK-GROWTH; QUARTZ; SOLIDS; ROCK AB A series of constant strain rate, unconfined compression experiments was performed on saturated welded tuff specimens collected from Busted Butte near Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Twenty specimens were loaded to failure at strain rates ranging from 10(-9) s-1 to 10(-3) s-1, under ambient pressure and temperature conditions. The strength of the specimens showed a continuous decrease with decreasing strain rate between 10(-9) s-1 and 10(-5) s-1. At the highest strain rate, 10(-3) s-1, strengths were less than those observed at 10(-5) s-1, likely due to hydrofracturing within the specimen at rapid loading rates. Reduction in strength, corresponding to the decrease in strain rate, is explained in terms of stress corrosion cracking. A detailed examination of six specimens tested at a strain rate of 10(-9) s-1, using acoustic wave velocities and CT scans, shows a correlation between the nature of the microstructure of the specimens and the observed strengths and elastic moduli. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. RP MARTIN, RJ (reprint author), NEW ENGLAND RES INC,WHITE RIVER JCT,VT 05001, USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0148-9062 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 30 IS 7 BP 1507 EP 1510 DI 10.1016/0148-9062(93)90146-5 PG 4 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA MR679 UT WOS:A1993MR67900145 ER PT J AU HANSEN, FD LEROCH, MJ VANSAMBEEK, L LIN, MS AF HANSEN, FD LEROCH, MJ VANSAMBEEK, L LIN, MS TI GAS BARRIER DESIGN FOR THE WIPP SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES & GEOMECHANICS ABSTRACTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th U.S. Symposium on Rock Mechanics CY JUN 27-30, 1993 CL UNIV WISCONSIN MADISON, MADISON, WI SP US NATL COMM ROCK MECH HO UNIV WISCONSIN MADISON C1 WESTINGHOUSE ELECT CORP,CARLSBAD,NM 88221. RE SPEC INC,RAPID CITY,SD 57709. PARSONS BRINCKERHOFF QUADE & DOUGLAS INC,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94107. RP HANSEN, FD (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0148-9062 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 30 IS 7 BP 1515 EP 1518 DI 10.1016/0148-9062(93)90148-7 PG 4 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA MR679 UT WOS:A1993MR67900147 ER PT J AU ARGUELLO, JG AF ARGUELLO, JG TI 3D STRUCTURAL-ANALYSIS OF SPDV TEST ROOM-2 AND CROSS DRIFT INTERSECTIONS AT THE WIPP SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES & GEOMECHANICS ABSTRACTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th U.S. Symposium on Rock Mechanics CY JUN 27-30, 1993 CL UNIV WISCONSIN MADISON, MADISON, WI SP US NATL COMM ROCK MECH HO UNIV WISCONSIN MADISON RP ARGUELLO, JG (reprint author), SANDIA NAT LABS,DEPT ENGN MECH & MAT MODELING,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87109, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0148-9062 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 30 IS 7 BP 1519 EP 1522 DI 10.1016/0148-9062(93)90149-8 PG 4 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA MR679 UT WOS:A1993MR67900148 ER PT J AU HOFFMAN, EL EHGARTNER, BL AF HOFFMAN, EL EHGARTNER, BL TI EVALUATING THE EFFECTS OF THE NUMBER OF CAVERNS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF UNDERGROUND OIL STORAGE FACILITIES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES & GEOMECHANICS ABSTRACTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th U.S. Symposium on Rock Mechanics CY JUN 27-30, 1993 CL UNIV WISCONSIN MADISON, MADISON, WI SP US NATL COMM ROCK MECH HO UNIV WISCONSIN MADISON RP HOFFMAN, EL (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0148-9062 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 30 IS 7 BP 1523 EP 1526 DI 10.1016/0148-9062(93)90150-C PG 4 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA MR679 UT WOS:A1993MR67900149 ER PT J AU LOWTHER, K SALEM, JC SETHIAN, JA AF LOWTHER, K SALEM, JC SETHIAN, JA TI INTERACTIVE, ANIMATED VISUALIZATION ENVIRONMENT FOR 3-DIMENSIONAL FLUID-FLOW SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SUPERCOMPUTER APPLICATIONS AND HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING LA English DT Article AB We describe an interactive, animated graphics environment that can be used to visualize the results of computational fluid dynamics simulations. With this system, the user can visualize flow past bodies or in chambers, using a variety of techniques borrowed from laboratory experiments, including dye injection, smoke visualization, and bubble wires. The environment provides the capability of three-dimensional rotation of the flow under study, as well as placement of internal flow probes that can read location, velocity. and secondary quantities (such as vorticity and pressure), which can be calculated from available data as the visualization unfolds. The system is implemented on a Connection Machine 2 attached to a framebuffer. As input, it accepts discretized data from a three-dimensional fluid flow calculation. Data should be provided on a three-dimensional grid at discrete time steps, and internal bodies and flow boundaries are described using discrete panels. Input parameters are menu-driven, and images are updated at five frames per second. A prototype, second version of the system is implemented on a Connection Machine 5 using the Application Visualization System. C1 THINKING MACHINES CORP,VISUALIZAT GRP,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02142. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP LOWTHER, K (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT MATH,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 SN 1078-3482 J9 INT J SUPERCOMPUT AP JI Int. J. Supercomput. Appl. High Perform. Comput. PD WIN PY 1993 VL 7 IS 4 BP 277 EP 291 DI 10.1177/109434209300700401 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA MV971 UT WOS:A1993MV97100001 ER PT J AU CONRY, MJ AF CONRY, MJ TI RESPONSE OF WINTER BARLEY GROWN ON 2 CONTRASTING SOILS IN IRELAND TO FOLIAR-APPLIED AND SOIL-APPLIED SULFUR SO IRISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE BARLEY; SOILS; SULFUR AB Six experiments were conducted at Ballyragget, Co. Kilkenny in 1986, 1989 and 1990 to test the effect of foliar- and soil-applied sulphur on the grain yield of winter barley. Three of the experiments were conducted on a light gravelly brown earth derived from fluvio-glacial limestone gravels and were compared with three identical experiments on a medium-heavy textured brown earth derived from boulder clay. There was an obvious visual response and a significant grain yield increase to both foliar- and soil-applied sulphur on the light soil. Yield increases from the foliar- and soil-applied sulphur averaged 14 and 21 %, respectively, over the 3 years. The soil-applied sulphur reduced soil pH and increased the manganese content of the leaf tissue. Foliar- and soil-applied sulphur increased leaf area, nitrogen and sulphur content of the leaf tissue and reduced the N:S ratio on the light soil. Sulphur did not give a visual response or grain yield increase on the medium-heavy textured soil. However, the soil-applied sulphur increased the sulphur content of the leaf tissue and reduced the N:S ratio. RP CONRY, MJ (reprint author), TEAGASC,OAK PK RES CTR,CARLOW,IRELAND. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU TEAGASC PI DUBLIN PA 19 SANDYMOUNT AVE, DUBLIN 4, IRELAND SN 0791-6833 J9 IRISH J AGR FOOD RES JI Irish J. Agr. Food Res. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 32 IS 2 BP 177 EP 183 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA MT507 UT WOS:A1993MT50700006 ER PT J AU HENRIKSEN, PW AF HENRIKSEN, PW TI ON RIMS AND RIDGES - THE LOS-ALAMOS AREA SINCE 1880. - ROTHMAN,HK SO ISIS LA English DT Book Review RP HENRIKSEN, PW (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87544, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0021-1753 J9 ISIS JI Isis PD DEC PY 1993 VL 84 IS 4 BP 824 EP 825 DI 10.1086/356705 PG 2 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA MQ205 UT WOS:A1993MQ20500070 ER PT J AU HENRIKSEN, PW AF HENRIKSEN, PW TI THE ATOMIC-BOMB - AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY. - GRAETZER,HG, BROWNING,LM SO ISIS LA English DT Book Review RP HENRIKSEN, PW (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87544, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0021-1753 J9 ISIS JI Isis PD DEC PY 1993 VL 84 IS 4 BP 824 EP 824 DI 10.1086/356705 PG 1 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA MQ205 UT WOS:A1993MQ20500069 ER PT J AU HENRIKSEN, PW AF HENRIKSEN, PW TI ON THE HOME FRONT - THE COLD-WAR LEGACY OF THE HANFORD NUCLEAR SITE. - GERBER,MS SO ISIS LA English DT Book Review RP HENRIKSEN, PW (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87544, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0021-1753 J9 ISIS JI Isis PD DEC PY 1993 VL 84 IS 4 BP 824 EP 824 DI 10.1086/356705 PG 1 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA MQ205 UT WOS:A1993MQ20500068 ER PT J AU HAPPER, W AF HAPPER, W TI NEW APPROACHES TO INNOVATION SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP HAPPER, W (reprint author), US DOE,WASHINGTON,DC 20545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD WIN PY 1993 VL 9 IS 2 BP 13 EP 14 PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA KG356 UT WOS:A1993KG35600009 ER PT J AU BARTLETT, JW AF BARTLETT, JW TI STORING NUCLEAR WASTE SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP BARTLETT, JW (reprint author), US DOE,OFF CIVILIAN RADIOACT WASTE MANAGEMENT,WASHINGTON,DC 20545, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD WIN PY 1993 VL 9 IS 2 BP 23 EP 24 PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA KG356 UT WOS:A1993KG35600026 ER PT J AU JONES, RH AF JONES, RH TI ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFECTS ON INTERMETALLICS, CERAMICS, AND COMPOSITES SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material RP JONES, RH (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, STRUCT MAT RES GRP, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 45 IS 12 BP 14 EP 14 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA MK990 UT WOS:A1993MK99000002 ER PT J AU CHOU, TC NIEH, TG AF CHOU, TC NIEH, TG TI PESTING OF THE HIGH-TEMPERATURE INTERMETALLIC MOSI2 SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symp on Environmental Effects on Intermetallics, Ceramics, and Composites, at the TMS/ASM Materials Week 92 CY 1992 CL CHICAGO, IL SP MINERALS MET & MAT SOC, AMER SOC MET ID MOLYBDENUM DISILICIDE COMPOSITES; POLYCRYSTALLINE MOSI2; OXIDATION; FILMS AB Degradation resulting from environmental effects on the properties of high-temperature intermetallics has recently stimulated much interest in the materials science community. Most notably, iron, nickel, and titanium aluminides were found to be more ductile at room temperature when tested in vacuum or dry oxygen as compared to laboratory air. Environmental oxidation can also degrade materials to a measurable, sometimes catastrophic, extent. For example, an important oxidation-induced degradation phenomenon observed in intermetallics is pest disintegration. It was first observed in molybdenum disilicide in 1955.1 Since then, pest disintegration has been reported in many intermetallics, including silicides, aluminides, and beryllides. This article examines the pesting of MoSi2 and presents kinetic processes responsible for pesting. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM & MAT SCI,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. RP CHOU, TC (reprint author), BOC GRP INC,CTR TECH,MURRAY HILL,NJ, USA. RI Nieh, Tai-Gang/G-5912-2011 OI Nieh, Tai-Gang/0000-0002-2814-3746 NR 50 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 9 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 45 IS 12 BP 15 EP 21 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA MK990 UT WOS:A1993MK99000003 ER PT J AU JONES, RH HENAGER, CH TORTORELLI, PF AF JONES, RH HENAGER, CH TORTORELLI, PF TI ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE EFFECTS OF OXYGEN ON SIC/SIC COMPOSITES SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symp on Environmental Effects on Intermetallics, Ceramics, and Composites, at the TMS/ASM Materials Week 92 CY 1992 CL CHICAGO, IL SP MINERALS MET & MAT SOC, AMER SOC MET ID CERAMIC COMPOSITES; FIBER; CORROSION; CRACKING AB High-temperature exposures of SiC/SiC composites to oxidizing environments can lead to substantial changes in mechanical behavior. In the work reported here, results from flexure and crack growth experiments are used to demonstrate such effects. Flexure tests of graphite-coated Nicalon-reinforced SiC previously oxidized in air at 950-degrees-C revealed that degradation of fracture resistance began after very short exposure times (less than 1 h) and could be described in terms of distinct oxidation effects on strength and fiber pullout. Crack velocities were determined as a function of applied stress intensity and time for varying O2 levels. It was observed that crack velocities increased at 1,100-degrees-C in the presence of oxygen, which also shifted the onset of stage III (power law) growth to lower values of applied stress intensity. The crack growth observations were described using a two-dimensional micro-mechanical model developed to simulate cracks bridged by continuous fibers. Fiber creep relaxation predicted the correct crack velocity and time-dependence in argon, but other mechanisms, such as interface removal, are required to explain the data in Ar + O2. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, DIV MET & CERAM, OAK RIDGE, TN 37830 USA. RP JONES, RH (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, STRUCT MAT RES GRP, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RI Tortorelli, Peter/E-2433-2011; OI Henager, Chuck/0000-0002-8600-6803 NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 45 IS 12 BP 26 EP 29 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA MK990 UT WOS:A1993MK99000005 ER PT J AU SIMONEN, EP AF SIMONEN, EP TI NANOFEATURES IN IRRADIATED MATERIALS SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symp on Environmental Effects on Intermetallics, Ceramics, and Composites, at the TMS/ASM Materials Week 92 CY 1992 CL CHICAGO, IL SP MINERALS MET & MAT SOC, AMER SOC MET ID ENERGY DISPLACEMENT CASCADES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SEGREGATION; METALS; ALLOYS; COPPER AB Fine-scale characteristics often control the engineering properties of irradiated materials. This article describes the origin of nanoscale features in terms of extreme driving force toward equilibrium established by low temperature and extreme rapid kinetics established by irradiation. RP SIMONEN, EP (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 45 IS 12 BP 45 EP 49 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA MK990 UT WOS:A1993MK99000008 ER PT J AU KENT, MS LEE, LT FACTOR, BJ RONDELEZ, F SMITH, G AF KENT, MS LEE, LT FACTOR, BJ RONDELEZ, F SMITH, G TI NEUTRON REFLECTIVITY AND SURFACE-TENSION MEASUREMENTS OF A DIBLOCK COPOLYMER MONOLAYER ON A SELECTIVE SOLVENT SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IX International Conference on Small Angle Scattering CY APR 27-30, 1993 CL SACLAY, FRANCE ID INTERFACE; BRUSH AB We report measurements of the concentration profile of the submerged block of a diblock copolymer monolayer at the air surface of a selective solvent. The profile is found to contain a depletion layer near the surface (approximately 35 angstrom), followed by a parabolic (or similar) decay which tails off smoothly away from the surface. The dependencies of the maximum dimension (h*) of the profile on the surface density (sigma) and the molecular weight (M) of the submerged block are found to be weaker than those predicted in the limit of strong stretching, but are in reasonably good agreement with numerical SCF calculations of Whitmore, et al. A sharp rise in the surface pressure (measured simultaneous with the reflectivity) is observed for each sample at high surface densities which is not predicted by the existing mean-field or scaling theories. C1 CE SACLAY,LEON BRILLOUIN LAB,F-91191 GIF SUR YVETTE,FRANCE. INST CURIE,PHYS CHIM SECT,CNRS,URA 1379,PSI LAB,F-75005 PARIS,FRANCE. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LANSCE,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP KENT, MS (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,DEPT 1815,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITIONS PHYSIQUE PI LES ULIS CEDEX PA Z I DE COURTABOEUF AVE 7 AV DU HOGGAR, BP 112, 91944 LES ULIS CEDEX, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD DEC PY 1993 VL 3 IS C8 BP 49 EP 52 DI 10.1051/jp4:1993810 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA MX682 UT WOS:A1993MX68200011 ER PT J AU LIN, MY SINHA, SK DRAKE, JM THIYAGARAJAN, P WU, XL STANLEY, HB AF LIN, MY SINHA, SK DRAKE, JM THIYAGARAJAN, P WU, XL STANLEY, HB TI SANS STUDIES OF FLUID-PHASE TRANSITIONS IN POROUS-MEDIA SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IX International Conference on Small Angle Scattering CY APR 27-30, 1993 CL SACLAY, FRANCE ID CRITICAL-DYNAMICS; BINARY-LIQUID AB The study of binary fluid phase transitions in porous media has received a great deal of attention, both theoretically and experimentally, over the past few years. The preferential wettability of the internal surfaces by one of the fluids introduces a randomness that has led to consideration of Random Field Ising Models. However, in certain cases such as Vycor glass, the confinement in the pores plays a dominant role. A different limit is obtained in the case of aerogels which have internal mass fractal density correlations. We discuss the theory of scattering by binary fluid concentration fluctuations in both these types of porous solid and recent studies of the scattering from water/lutidine critical and near-critical mixtures in these systems. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. UNIV PITTSBURGH,PITTSBURGH,PA 15260. UNIV GRENOBLE 1,F-38041 GRENOBLE,FRANCE. RP LIN, MY (reprint author), EXXON RES & ENGN CO,ANNANDALE,NJ 08801, USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU EDITIONS PHYSIQUE PI LES ULIS CEDEX PA Z I DE COURTABOEUF AVE 7 AV DU HOGGAR, BP 112, 91944 LES ULIS CEDEX, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD DEC PY 1993 VL 3 IS C8 BP 109 EP 115 DI 10.1051/jp4:1993821 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA MX682 UT WOS:A1993MX68200022 ER PT J AU CHANG, SL KU, CY CHEN, SH LIN, JS AF CHANG, SL KU, CY CHEN, SH LIN, JS TI MEASUREMENT AND INTERPRETATION OF COUNTERION DISTRIBUTIONS AROUND CYLINDRICAL MICELLES SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IX International Conference on Small Angle Scattering CY APR 27-30, 1993 CL SACLAY, FRANCE ID CONDENSATION; SCATTERING AB Radial distributions of heavy monovalent counterions around cylindrical micelles are measured directly using a small angle x-ray scattering. For the purpose of the analysis, the shape and size of the micelles are determined separately by a small angle neutron scattering. The micelles we used are formed by a comb-shaped copolymer poly-(1-octadecene-co-maleic anhydride), abbreviated as PODMA in aqueous solutions neutralized by cesium hydro-oxides. The results are used to critically test the validity of solutions of non-linear Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) equation in the cell model to predict the radial distributions of monovalent counterions. The accuracy of the solutions of the non-lineaar PB equation for different magnitudes of linear charge density parameter is checked against Monte Carlo simulations. For comparison, we also show results of a similar experiment and analysis done for the counterion distributions around persistent length DNA in solution. C1 MIT,DEPT NUCL ENGN,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV SOLID STATE,OAK RIDGE,TN 37830. RP CHANG, SL (reprint author), NATL TSING HUA UNIV,DEPT NUCL SCI,HSINCHU 300,TAIWAN. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDITIONS PHYSIQUE PI LES ULIS CEDEX PA Z I DE COURTABOEUF AVE 7 AV DU HOGGAR, BP 112, 91944 LES ULIS CEDEX, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD DEC PY 1993 VL 3 IS C8 BP 117 EP 127 DI 10.1051/jp4:1993822 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA MX682 UT WOS:A1993MX68200023 ER PT J AU HOU, PY STRINGER, J AF HOU, PY STRINGER, J TI EFFECT OF SURFACE-APPLIED REACTIVE ELEMENTS ON THE EARLY-STAGE OXIDATION OF FE-18CR-5AL AND FE-18CR-5AL-1HF ALLOYS SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on High Temperature Corrosion and Protection of Materials CY MAY 25-29, 1992 CL LES EMBIEZ, FRANCE SP ELECT POWER RES INST, UNIV PROVENCE, CNRS, CONSEIL RE PROVENCE ALPES COTE AZUR, DIRECT RECH ETUDES & TECH, ELECT FRANCE, MINIST RECH & ESPACE, PYROX S A, FRENCH MINISTER RES & SPACE, FRENCH MINISTER IND & FOREIGN TRADE ID OXIDE SCALE ADHERENCE; GROWTH-MECHANISMS; ALUMINA SCALES; BEHAVIOR; YTTRIUM; ADDITIONS; COATINGS AB The effect of lanthanum implantation on the early stage oxidation of Fe-18wt%Cr-5wt%Al and Fe-18wt%Cr-5wt%Al-1wt%Hf alloys at 1100-degrees-C has been investigated. It was found that the reactive element enriched surfaces oxidized almost two times faster initially, and the scale that formed had a higher iron content. An extremely wavy scale/alloy interface developed in the early stage due to the accelerated growth and the change in scale composition. More scale separation was observed on the implanted surface of the Fe-Cr-Al alloy. Once separated, the alumina scale was free to grow laterally, and large growth buckles developed with oxidation time. The Hf-containing alloy did not show any scale separation regardless of the accelerated initial growth from lanthanum implantation. Sulfur was found everywhere at the scale/alloy interface on the Fe-Cr-Al alloy, but not on the Hf-containing alloy. These results suggest that for this alloy system, scale adhesion was dominated by a strong scale/alloy interface, and weakening of the interface may be caused by interfacial sulfur segregation. C1 ELECT POWER RES INST,PALO ALTO,CA 94303. RP HOU, PY (reprint author), LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV MAT SCI,MS 62-203,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 20 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDITIONS PHYSIQUE PI LES ULIS CEDEX PA Z I DE COURTABOEUF AVE 7 AV DU HOGGAR, BP 112, 91944 LES ULIS CEDEX, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD DEC PY 1993 VL 3 IS C9 BP 231 EP 240 DI 10.1051/jp4:1993921 PN 1 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA MY708 UT WOS:A1993MY70800023 ER PT J AU YETHIRAJ, M MOOK, HA WIGNALL, GD CUBITT, R FORGAN, EM LEE, SL PAUL, DM ARMSTRONG, T AF YETHIRAJ, M MOOK, HA WIGNALL, GD CUBITT, R FORGAN, EM LEE, SL PAUL, DM ARMSTRONG, T TI VORTEX LATTICE STRUCTURES IN YBA2CU3O7 SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IX International Conference on Small Angle Scattering CY APR 27-30, 1993 CL SACLAY, FRANCE ID NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION AB We describe small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) studies of vortex structures in the high T(c) superconductor YBa2Cu3O7 in the mixed state. The SANS technique is a unique tool for probing the crystallography of a flux line arrangement in the bulk sample that can measure the values of the characteristic lengths and the effect of defects on lattice arrangement and orientation extremely accurately. The effects of crystal anisotropy on the field distribution in a vortex line is the topic of this paper. C1 ALLIED SIGNAL RES LABS,TORRANCE,CA 90509. UNIV ZURICH,INST PHYS,CH-8091 ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. UNIV BIRMINGHAM,SUPERCONDUCT RES GRP,BIRMINGHAM B15 2TT,W MIDLANDS,ENGLAND. UNIV WARWICK,DEPT PHYS,COVENTRY CV4 7AL,W MIDLANDS,ENGLAND. RP YETHIRAJ, M (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV SOLID STATE,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI cubitt, robert/B-9408-2008; Lee, Stephen/G-9791-2016 OI Lee, Stephen/0000-0002-2020-3310 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITIONS PHYSIQUE PI LES ULIS CEDEX PA Z I DE COURTABOEUF AVE 7 AV DU HOGGAR, BP 112, 91944 LES ULIS CEDEX, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD DEC PY 1993 VL 3 IS C8 BP 273 EP 278 DI 10.1051/jp4:1993853 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA MX682 UT WOS:A1993MX68200054 ER PT J AU STRINGER, J MACADAM, SS WRIGHT, IG SETHI, VK AF STRINGER, J MACADAM, SS WRIGHT, IG SETHI, VK TI EFFECT OF PROCESS VARIABLES ON WASTAGE IN FLUIDIZED-BED COMBUSTORS - CRITERIA FOR TEST PROCEDURES SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on High Temperature Corrosion and Protection of Materials CY MAY 25-29, 1992 CL LES EMBIEZ, FRANCE SP ELECT POWER RES INST, UNIV PROVENCE, CNRS, CONSEIL RE PROVENCE ALPES COTE AZUR, DIRECT RECH ETUDES & TECH, ELECT FRANCE, MINIST RECH & ESPACE, PYROX S A, FRENCH MINISTER RES & SPACE, FRENCH MINISTER IND & FOREIGN TRADE AB Wastage of in-bed components in bubbling fluidized-bed combustors (FBC) has been a continuing problem. In response to this, there have been a number of attempts recently to develop testing techniques to help in the selection of resistant alloys and coating to resist wastage, and to determine the effect of critical process variables on the wastage. This paper summarizes what is known about the wastage in operating FBCs, to provide a basis for the qualification of the testing techniques. C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. WESTERN RES INST,LARAMIE,WY 82071. BATTELLE MEM INST,COLUMBUS LABS,COLUMBUS,OH 43201. RP STRINGER, J (reprint author), EPRI,3412 HILLVIEW AVE,PALO ALTO,CA 94303, USA. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDITIONS PHYSIQUE PI LES ULIS CEDEX PA Z I DE COURTABOEUF AVE 7 AV DU HOGGAR, BP 112, 91944 LES ULIS CEDEX, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD DEC PY 1993 VL 3 IS C9 BP 797 EP 805 DI 10.1051/jp4:1993983 PN 2 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA NF962 UT WOS:A1993NF96200034 ER PT J AU TORTORELLI, PF AF TORTORELLI, PF TI MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES OF CHROMIA SCALES SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on High Temperature Corrosion and Protection of Materials CY MAY 25-29, 1992 CL LES EMBIEZ, FRANCE SP ELECT POWER RES INST, UNIV PROVENCE, CNRS, CONSEIL RE PROVENCE ALPES COTE AZUR, DIRECT RECH ETUDES & TECH, ELECT FRANCE, MINIST RECH & ESPACE, PYROX S A, FRENCH MINISTER RES & SPACE, FRENCH MINISTER IND & FOREIGN TRADE ID OXIDE SCALES; CRACKING; BEHAVIOR; NIOBIUM AB Depth-sensing submicron indentation testing was used to measure the elastic-plastic behavior of sintered chromia and oxide scales formed on pure chromium in air. The use of top-down indentations limited the amount and precision of the scale data due to surface roughness and substrate effects. Nevertheless, results for the hardnesses and elastic moduli were within the range expected for such oxides. Within experimental uncertainty, the mechanical properties of the scales and those of the corresponding bulk oxide were generally comparable. RP TORTORELLI, PF (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV MET & CERAM,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Tortorelli, Peter/E-2433-2011 NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU EDITIONS PHYSIQUE PI LES ULIS CEDEX PA Z I DE COURTABOEUF AVE 7 AV DU HOGGAR, BP 112, 91944 LES ULIS CEDEX, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD DEC PY 1993 VL 3 IS C9 BP 943 EP 949 DI 10.1051/jp4:1993997 PN 2 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA NF962 UT WOS:A1993NF96200048 ER PT J AU LEE, HN AF LEE, HN TI A SEMI-LAGRANGIAN TRANSPORT SCHEME WITH SPECTRAL INTERPOLATION SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL ADVECTION SCHEMES; INTEGRATION SCHEME; EQUATION; UPSTREAM; MODELS; SCALAR AB Advective transport using the flexible and stable semi-Lagrangian scheme coupled with the highly accurate spectral interpolation in a limited domain is demonstrated. The spectral method for solving nonperiodic boundary problems is based on a technique of decomposing a solution into a polynomial and a periodic Fourier residual. The fast Fourier transform is applied only to a periodic residual. A fifth-order polynomial is used and a method to obtain it is described. The numerical tests of the advective transport of a mass in a nonuniform deformational and a uniform rotational flow, as well as the plume transport from a continuous source, are also presented. As will be shown in the paper, the technique proved to be efficient and accurate, providing excellent results. RP US DOE, ENVIRONM MEASUREMENTS LAB, NEW YORK, NY 10014 USA. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 32 IS 12 BP 1908 EP 1918 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1993)032<1908:ASLTSW>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA ML882 UT WOS:A1993ML88200012 ER PT J AU WADDILL, GD TOBIN, JG JANKOWSKI, AF AF WADDILL, GD TOBIN, JG JANKOWSKI, AF TI MAGNETIC CIRCULAR-DICHROISM IN X-RAY-ABSORPTION FOR WELL CHARACTERIZED FE/PT MULTILAYERS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Note ID FILM LAYERED STRUCTURES; ANISOTROPY; NICKEL; PD/CO AB The subtle structure-property relationship in magnetic multilayers is addressed by an array of techniques. Fe/Pt multilayers prepared by magnetron sputter deposition are characterized using x-ray diffraction, Auger depth profiling, electron microscopy, magnetometry, and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. We concentrate on the (Fe9/Pt9) 92 which is [111] textured in the growth direction, but randomly oriented in-plane, with average grain size of 30 nm. This sample is magnetized in-plane, as determined by magnetometry as well as magnetic circular dichroism (MCD). The potential of MCD to follow the magnetic axis orientation in these samples as well as provide an element specific determination of the magnetic moment will be discussed. RP WADDILL, GD (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM & MAT SCI,POB 808,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. RI Tobin, James/O-6953-2015 NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 74 IS 11 BP 6999 EP 7001 DI 10.1063/1.355055 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA MJ712 UT WOS:A1993MJ71200081 ER PT J AU OVERBEEK, R AF OVERBEEK, R TI THE CADE-11 COMPETITIONS - A PERSONAL VIEW SO JOURNAL OF AUTOMATED REASONING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DEPT MATH & COMP SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-7433 J9 J AUTOM REASONING JI J. Autom. Reasoning PD DEC PY 1993 VL 11 IS 3 BP 315 EP 316 DI 10.1007/BF00881870 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA MR909 UT WOS:A1993MR90900002 ER PT J AU LUSK, EL MCCUNE, WW AF LUSK, EL MCCUNE, WW TI UNIFORM STRATEGIES - THE CADE-11 THEOREM-PROVING CONTEST SO JOURNAL OF AUTOMATED REASONING LA English DT Article DE AUTOMATED THEOREM PROVING; RESOLUTION; PARAMODULATION; KNUTH-BENDIX COMPLETION; STRATEGY AB At CADE-10 Ross Overbeek proposed a two-part contest to stimulate and reward work in automated theorem proving. The first part consists of seven theorems to be proved with resolution, and the second part of equational theorems. Our theorem provers OTTER and its parallel child ROO proved all of the resolution theorems and half of the equational theorems. This paper represents a family of entries in the contest. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB, DIV MATH & COMP SCI, ARGONNE, IL 60439 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-7433 EI 1573-0670 J9 J AUTOM REASONING JI J. Autom. Reasoning PD DEC PY 1993 VL 11 IS 3 BP 317 EP 331 DI 10.1007/BF00881871 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA MR909 UT WOS:A1993MR90900003 ER PT J AU WOS, L AF WOS, L TI THE PROBLEM OF INDUCTION SO JOURNAL OF AUTOMATED REASONING LA English DT Article DE AUTOMATED REASONING; INDUCTION; UNSOLVED RESEARCH PROBLEM AB This article is the thirtieth of a series of articles discussing various open research problems in automated reasoning. The problem proposed for research asks for criteria for accurately determining when an induction argument is the appropriate form of argument for an automated reasoning program to employ. This research problem also asks for criteria for choosing well the property on which to conduct the induction argument. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-7433 J9 J AUTOM REASONING JI J. Autom. Reasoning PD DEC PY 1993 VL 11 IS 3 BP 433 EP 434 DI 10.1007/BF00881876 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA MR909 UT WOS:A1993MR90900007 ER PT J AU HARDING, DC BRANDT, KD HILLBERRY, BM AF HARDING, DC BRANDT, KD HILLBERRY, BM TI FINGER JOINT FORCE MINIMIZATION IN PIANISTS USING OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES SO JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS LA English DT Article AB A numerical optimization procedure was used to determine finger positions that minimize and maximize finger tendon and joint force objective functions during piano play. A biomechanical finger model for sagittal plane motion, based on finger anatomy, was used to investigate finger tendon tensions and joint reaction forces for finger positions used in playing the piano. For commonly used piano key strike positions, flexor and intrinsic muscle tendon tensions ranged from 0.7 to 3.2 times the fingertip kev strike force, while resultant inter-joint compressive forces ranged from 2 to 7 times the magnitude of the fingertip force. In general, use of a curved finger position, with a large metacarpophalangeal joint flexion angle and a small proximal interphalangeal joint flexion angle, reduces flexor tendon tension and resultant finger joint force. C1 PURDUE UNIV,SCH MECH ENGN,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. INDIANA UNIV,SCH MED,DIV RHEUMATOL,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46202. RP HARDING, DC (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87123, USA. FU PHS HHS [20582] NR 16 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0021-9290 J9 J BIOMECH JI J. Biomech. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 26 IS 12 BP 1403 EP 1412 DI 10.1016/0021-9290(93)90091-R PG 10 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA MJ305 UT WOS:A1993MJ30500005 PM 8308045 ER PT J AU CHMELKA, BF WENT, GT CSENCSITS, R BELL, AT PETERSEN, EE RADKE, CJ AF CHMELKA, BF WENT, GT CSENCSITS, R BELL, AT PETERSEN, EE RADKE, CJ TI OXIDATION OF REDUCED PLATINUM CLUSTERS IN PT-NAY SO JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS LA English DT Article ID CONTAINING MOLECULAR-SIEVES; LASER RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; SMALL METALLIC PARTICLES; XE-129 CHEMICAL-SHIFT; FINE-STRUCTURE EXAFS; Y-TYPE ZEOLITES; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; DENSITY DEPENDENCE; X-RAY; CATALYTIC PROPERTIES C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT CHEM ENGN,BERKELEY,CA 94720. LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV CHEM SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. OI Bell, Alexis/0000-0002-5738-4645 NR 72 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0021-9517 J9 J CATAL JI J. Catal. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 144 IS 2 BP 506 EP 524 DI 10.1006/jcat.1993.1350 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA MM393 UT WOS:A1993MM39300012 ER PT J AU LACELLE, S HWANG, SJ GERSTEIN, BC AF LACELLE, S HWANG, SJ GERSTEIN, BC TI MULTIPLE-QUANTUM NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE OF SOLIDS - A CAUTIONARY NOTE FOR DATA-ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NAY ZEOLITE; STATE NMR; EXCITATION; DYNAMICS AB The conventional method of data analysis and interpretation of time-resolved multiple quantum (MQ) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of solids is closely examined. Intensity profiles of experimental H-1 MQ NMR spectra of polycrystalline adamantane and hexamethylbenzene serve to test the Gaussian statistical model approach. Consequences of this model are explored with a least-squares fitting procedure, transformation of data to yield linear plots, and a scaling analysis. Non-Gaussian behavior of the MQ NMR spectral intensity profiles, as a function of order of coherences, is demonstrated with all these methods of analysis. A heuristic argument, based on the multiplicative properties of dipolar coupling constants in the equation of motion of the density operator, leads to the prediction of exponentially decaying MQ NMR spectral intensity profiles. Scaling analysis and semilog plots of experimental time-resolved MQ NMR spectra of adamantane and hexamethylbenzene support this deduction. Dynamical scale invariance in the growth process of multiple spin coherences is revealed with this new approach. The validity of spin counting in solids with MQ NMR is discussed in light of the present results. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,US DOE,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP LACELLE, S (reprint author), UNIV SHERBROOKE,DEPT CHEM,SHERBROOKE J1K 2R1,QUEBEC,CANADA. NR 22 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 99 IS 11 BP 8407 EP 8413 DI 10.1063/1.465616 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA MJ902 UT WOS:A1993MJ90200006 ER PT J AU LI, WK CHIU, SW MA, ZX LIAO, CL NG, CY AF LI, WK CHIU, SW MA, ZX LIAO, CL NG, CY TI ADIABATIC IONIZATION-ENERGY OF CH3SSCH3 SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VACUUM ULTRAVIOLET PHOTODISSOCIATION; 193 NM PHOTODISSOCIATION; PHOTOIONIZATION; CH2SH+; CH3S+ AB The ionization energy (IE) for CH3SSCH3 has been measured by the pulsed molecular beam photoionization mass spectrometric method. The experimental IE of 8.18 +/- 0.03 eV is in excellent agreement with the theoretical prediction of 8.15 eV calculated using the ab initio Gaussian-2 procedure, indicating that the experimental ionization onset can be assigned as the adiabatic IE for CH3SSCH3. The observation of the adiabatic IE(CH3SSCH3) is attributed to the low potential energy barrier for rotation about the S-S bond, which allows CH3SSCH3 to exist dynamically in a wide range of CSSC dihedral angles. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,CTR BIOTECHNOL,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,NATL CTR SUPERCOMP APPLICAT,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61820. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,US DOE,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM,AMES,IA 50011. RP LI, WK (reprint author), CHINESE UNIV HONG KONG,DEPT CHEM,SHA TIN,HONG KONG. NR 33 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 99 IS 11 BP 8440 EP 8444 DI 10.1063/1.465619 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA MJ902 UT WOS:A1993MJ90200010 ER PT J AU YOO, RK RUSCIC, B BERKOWITZ, J AF YOO, RK RUSCIC, B BERKOWITZ, J TI PHOTOIONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRIC STUDIES OF SB2 AND BI2 SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; RYDBERG SERIES; ARC SPECTRUM; THRESHOLD; ANTIMONY; PHOTOIONISATION; MOLECULES; CLUSTERS; DIMERS; AS2 AB The photoion yield curves of Sb2+(Sb2) and Bi2+(Bi2) are presented. In both cases, two autoionizing series (designated psigma and ppi) are observed, converging on the excited 2SIGMA(g)+ state. From this information, the ionization energy of the 2SIGMA(g)+ state in Sb2 is lowered to 9.247 eV. The difference in quantum defects, delta(ppi)-delta(psigma), is shown to be related to the quadrupole moment of the molecular ion core of the A2SIGMA+ state in Pn2+. The adiabatic ionization energies (AIP) are also decreased: AIP(Sb2) less-than-or-equal-to 8.43 eV, AIP (Bi2) less than or similar to 7.34 eV. Although the uppermost occupied orbital is nominally a bonding ppi orbital, an analysis leads to the surprising conclusion that D0(Pn2+) greater than or similar to D0(Pn2), where Pn=P, As, Sb, and Bi. RP YOO, RK (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB, DIV CHEM, ARGONNE, IL 60439 USA. RI Ruscic, Branko/A-8716-2008 OI Ruscic, Branko/0000-0002-4372-6990 NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 99 IS 11 BP 8445 EP 8450 DI 10.1063/1.465620 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA MJ902 UT WOS:A1993MJ90200011 ER PT J AU KRUPA, JC CARNALL, WT AF KRUPA, JC CARNALL, WT TI ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE OF U4+, NP4+, AND PU4+ DOPED INTO THSIO4 SINGLE-CRYSTAL SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPECTRA; THORITE; THBR4; SITES AB The optical spectra of tetravalent ions of early actinides, U4+, Np-4+, and Pu-4+, were interpreted via a semiempirical Hamiltonian in D2d site symmetry, in terms of electronic transitions within their respective 5f(n) ground state configurations. Systematic trends in the semiempirical parameters describing the intraconfiguration transitions have suggested that those for U4+ ion are not representative of the light actinide series. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP KRUPA, JC (reprint author), CNRS,IN2P3,INST PHYS NUCL,F-91406 ORSAY,FRANCE. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 99 IS 11 BP 8577 EP 8584 DI 10.1063/1.465581 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA MJ902 UT WOS:A1993MJ90200024 ER PT J AU DATSKOS, PG CHRISTOPHOROU, LG CARTER, JG AF DATSKOS, PG CHRISTOPHOROU, LG CARTER, JG TI TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE OF ELECTRON-ATTACHMENT AND DETACHMENT IN SF6 AND C-C4F6 SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CROSS SECTIONS; SELECTIVITY; MOLECULES; TRANSPORT; LIFETIMES; ENERGIES; GASES; N-2 AB In the temperature, T, range of 300-600 K and the mean electron energy range [is-an-element-of] of 0.19-1.0 eV, the total electron attachment rate constant for SF6 and c-C4F6 measured in dilute mixtures with N2, is virtually independent of T. Under the same experimental conditions the stabilized SF6- anion does not undergo autodetachment but the stabilized c-C4F6- anion undergoes a profound increase in autodetachment (by about four orders of magnitude). This difference between the SF6- and the c-C4F6- anions is attributed to the larger electron affinity of the SF6 molecule compared to the c-C4F6 molecule. The heat-activated autodetachment for c-C4F6- is related to increases in the internal energy content of the C-C4F6- anion and is found to have an activation energy of 0.237 eV. The ''limiting electric field strength'' of SF6 was found to increase by approximately 11% as T was increased from 300 to 600 K. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, KNOXVILLE, TN 37996 USA. RP DATSKOS, PG (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, DIV HLTH & SAFETY RES, ATOM MOLEC & HIGH VOLTAGE PHYS GRP, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. NR 47 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 99 IS 11 BP 8607 EP 8616 DI 10.1063/1.465584 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA MJ902 UT WOS:A1993MJ90200027 ER PT J AU MESSINA, M SCHENTER, GK GARRETT, BC AF MESSINA, M SCHENTER, GK GARRETT, BC TI QUANTUM ACTIVATED RATE THEORY - VARIATIONAL OPTIMIZATION OF PLANAR DIVIDING SURFACES SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-STATE THEORY; DISSIPATIVE SYSTEMS; RATE CONSTANTS; KRAMERS; COEFFICIENT; EXPRESSION; MODEL AB A variational procedure is presented for finding the optimal planar dividing surface within a centroid-density based quantum rate theory for the model of a general reaction coordinate coupled to a harmonic bath. The approach described here is a limiting form of the method for choosing the best coordinate and momentum dependent dividing surfaces that was previously presented by the authors [J. Chem. Phys. 98, 8525 (1993)]. The present approach can also be considered a direct quantum mechanical generalization of the classical variational method of Berezhkovskii, Pollak, and Zitserman [J. Chem. Phys. 97, 2422 (1992)]. We also relate this method to the analytical approach of Voth [Chem. Phys. Lett. 170, 289 (1990)] that incorporates a transmission coefficient in the centroid-density based quantum rate theory. The variational procedure is also applicable to systems coupled to a continuum of oscillators, and it is shown that this procedure can be efficiently implemented for an arbitrary number of oscillators in the bath. Numerical results are presented for an Eckart barrier coupled to a bath of harmonic oscillators. Numerical results show that a strict variational optimization of the planar dividing surface offers some improvement for the rate constants relative to those of the analytic theory of Voth, thus justifying the extra work needed for the variational search. RP MESSINA, M (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, MOLEC SCI RES CTR, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RI Garrett, Bruce/F-8516-2011; Schenter, Gregory/I-7655-2014 OI Schenter, Gregory/0000-0001-5444-5484 NR 55 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 99 IS 11 BP 8644 EP 8653 DI 10.1063/1.465588 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA MJ902 UT WOS:A1993MJ90200031 ER PT J AU CYR, DR LEAHY, DJ OSBORN, DL CONTINETTI, RE NEUMARK, DM AF CYR, DR LEAHY, DJ OSBORN, DL CONTINETTI, RE NEUMARK, DM TI FAST BEAM PHOTODISSOCIATION OF THE CH2NO2 RADICAL SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POSITION-SENSITIVE DETECTOR; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETER; MOLECULAR-BEAM; MULTIPHOTON DISSOCIATION; PHOTO-DISSOCIATION; 193 NM; NITROMETHANE; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRA; TIME AB The photodissociation of the nitromethyl radical, CH2NO2, has been studied using a fast beam photofragment translational spectrometer. In these experiments, a fast beam of mass selected, internally cold nitromethyl radicals is formed via negative ion photodetachment of CH2NO2-and subsequently dissociated. The recoiling photofragments are detected in coincidence using a microchannel plate detector equipped with a time- and position-sensing anode. Two dissociation product channels are observed at each of three dissociation wavelengths investigated in the range 240-270 nm and are identified as (I) CH2NO2 --> CH2NO + O and (II) CH2NO2 --> H2CO + NO. In marked contrast to the ultraviolet photodissociation of CH3NO2, no evidence is found for simple C-N bond fission to give (III) CH2NO2 --> CH2 + NO2. Translational energy and angular distributions were obtained for the two observed channels. The translational energy distribution of channel (I) peaks at only 5-8 kcal/mol, while the distribution for channel (II) peaks at approximately 60 kcal/mol. The angular distributions for both channels are largely isotropic. The nature of the electronic excitation and dissociation dynamics are considered at length. The upper state in the electronic transition is assigned to the 1 2B1 state. Results of attempts to model various aspects of the dissociation dynamics as statistical processes on the ground state surface indicate this mechanism is very unlikely. Instead, both dissociation channels are believed to occur primarily on excited state surfaces, and mechanisms for these processes are proposed. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT CHEM,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV CHEM SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP CYR, DR (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT CHEM,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Osborn, David/A-2627-2009; Neumark, Daniel/B-9551-2009; OI Neumark, Daniel/0000-0002-3762-9473; Continetti, Robert/0000-0002-0685-4459 NR 54 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 99 IS 11 BP 8751 EP 8764 DI 10.1063/1.465597 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA MJ902 UT WOS:A1993MJ90200041 ER PT J AU XANTHEAS, SS DUNNING, TH AF XANTHEAS, SS DUNNING, TH TI AB-INITIO STUDIES OF CYCLIC WATER CLUSTERS (H2O)N, N = 1-6 .1. OPTIMAL STRUCTURES AND VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INFRARED PREDISSOCIATION SPECTRA; MOLECULAR-BEAM; BASIS-SETS; POTENTIAL FUNCTIONS; MATRIX-ISOLATION; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; HYDROGEN-BOND; AB-INITIO; ICE IH; DIMER AB The optimal structures and harmonic vibrational frequencies of cyclic water clusters, (H2O)n, have been determined at the Hartree-Fock (for n = 2-6) and second order perturbation theory (for n = 2-4) levels of theory with an augmented correlation consistent double zeta basis set. At the MP2 level this basis set yields very accurate results for the structure, dipole moment, and polarizability of the water monomer as well as results of comparable accuracy for the structure, binding energy, and harmonic vibrational frequencies of the water dimer. The optimal structure of (H2O)4 and the harmonic frequencies of (H2O)3,4 are the first ones reported at a correlated level for these species. Analysis of the structural trends reveals that the separation between neighboring oxygen atoms decreases exponentially with increasing cluster size. The predicted R0(O-O) for the ring hexamer is less than 0.02 angstrom shorter than the interoxygen separation in ice Ih. Furthermore, the trends in the harmonic vibrational frequencies suggest that, for large clusters, the intramolecular bends are blue shifted by approximately 70 cm-1 with respect to the monomer frequency. The frequencies corresponding to the ''free'' OH stretches show little (less-than-or-equal-to 50 cm-1) shift to the blue for n = 2-6, whereas the ones corresponding to the ''bridge'' hydrogens are shifted to the red by approximately 500 cm-1 with respect to the average of the harmonic stretching frequencies in water. RP PACIFIC NW LAB, THEORY MODELING & SIMULAT MOLEC SCI RES CTR, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RI Xantheas, Sotiris/L-1239-2015; OI Xantheas, Sotiris/0000-0002-6303-1037 NR 106 TC 689 Z9 693 U1 2 U2 60 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 99 IS 11 BP 8774 EP 8792 DI 10.1063/1.465599 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA MJ902 UT WOS:A1993MJ90200043 ER PT J AU BOOTHROYD, AT RENNIE, AR WIGNALL, GD AF BOOTHROYD, AT RENNIE, AR WIGNALL, GD TI TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENTS FOR THE CHAIN DIMENSIONS OF POLYSTYRENE ANDPOLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; ISOTOPIC POLYMER MIXTURES; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); UNPERTURBED DIMENSIONS; DEPENDENCE; BEHAVIOR; THERMODYNAMICS; POLYPROPYLENE; CONFORMATION; STATE AB We have made precise measurements of the unperturbed radius of gyration [S2]0(1/2) of polystyrene and polymethylmethacrylate molecules in the melt over the temperature range 120-degrees-C-240-degrees-C by small-angle neutron scattering. Contrary to most previous reports, based on dilute solution measurements, we find that neither polymer exhibits a significant change in dimensions with temperature, and we deduce temperature coefficients, kappa = d ln[S2]0/dT, of (0.0 +/- 0.1) x 10(-3) K-1 for polystyrene and (0.1 +/- 0.1) x 10(-3) K-1 for polymethylmethacrylate. These kappa values are close to those given by thermoelastic measurements, but are difficult to reconcile with predictions obtained from the rotational isomeric state model. C1 UNIV CAMBRIDGE, CAVENDISH LAB, POLYMERS & COLLOIDS GRP, CAMBRIDGE CB3 0HE, ENGLAND. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, DIV SOLID STATE, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. RP BOOTHROYD, AT (reprint author), UNIV OXFORD, CLARENDON LAB, DEPT PHYS, PARKS RD, OXFORD OX1 3PU, ENGLAND. OI Wignall, George/0000-0002-3876-3244 NR 57 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 99 IS 11 BP 9135 EP 9144 DI 10.1063/1.465528 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA MJ902 UT WOS:A1993MJ90200076 ER PT J AU AFFHOLTER, KA HENDERSON, SJ WIGNALL, GD BUNICK, GJ HAUFLER, RE COMPTON, RN AF AFFHOLTER, KA HENDERSON, SJ WIGNALL, GD BUNICK, GJ HAUFLER, RE COMPTON, RN TI STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF C-60 AND C-70 FULLERENES BY SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POLYMERS; C-60 AB Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) is a proven tool for examining the structure and interactions of particles in solution, though the dimensions of carbon-cage molecules are close to the lower resolution limit of the technique. Deuterated solvents (toluene-d8 and benzene-d6) have virtually no scattering contrast with carbon, and the high incoherent cross section of protonated (hydrogen containing) solvents severely limits the path length of solutions by reducing the sample transmission. We have circumvented these difficulties by using CS2 as a solvent which has good contrast with carbon, and a low incoherent cross section which allows the use of long sample path lengths (up to approximately 10 cm). In addition, CS2 has good solubility for fullerenes and these properties permit the measurement of the radii of gyration (R(g)) of both C60 (R(g) = 3.82 +/- 0.05 angstrom) and C70 (R(g) = 4.13 +/- 0.05 angstrom). These dimensions are similar to those calculated from the atomic coordinates after allowing for a solvent exclusion volume. Close agreement between the measured absolute scattering cross sections and the values calculated from the particle and solvent scattering length densities serves as a cross check on the validity of this methodology. To our knowledge, this represents the first successful application of SANS for the characterization of fullerenes. SANS makes it possible to study the size and shapes of modified buckyballs, solute/solvent interactions, crystal growth from saturated solutions, and temperature dependent transitions in solutions. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV BIOL,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV SOLID STATE,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV HLTH & SCI RES,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP AFFHOLTER, KA (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM TECHNOL,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 23 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 99 IS 11 BP 9224 EP 9229 DI 10.1063/1.465538 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA MJ902 UT WOS:A1993MJ90200087 ER PT J AU PACK, RT BUTCHER, EA PARKER, GA AF PACK, RT BUTCHER, EA PARKER, GA TI ACCURATE QUANTUM PROBABILITIES AND THRESHOLD BEHAVIOR OF THE H+O2 COMBUSTION REACTION SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Letter ID CUMULATIVE REACTION PROBABILITIES; REACTION DYNAMICS; S-MATRIX; SCATTERING; ENERGY AB We report accurate 3D quantum reaction probabilities for the H + O2 combustion reaction and find that they are resonance dominated and rise linearly above threshold. The reaction probability is not enhanced by vibrational or rotational excitation of the reactants but does increase above the threshold for vibrationally excited products. C1 UNIV OKLAHOMA,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,NORMAN,OK 73019. RP PACK, RT (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,T-12,MS B268,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. RI Parker, Gregory/A-4327-2009 OI Parker, Gregory/0000-0002-0225-8887 NR 27 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 99 IS 11 BP 9310 EP 9313 DI 10.1063/1.465548 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA MJ902 UT WOS:A1993MJ90200098 ER PT J AU WARRELL, RP LOVETT, D DILMANIAN, FA SCHNEIDER, R HEELAN, RT AF WARRELL, RP LOVETT, D DILMANIAN, FA SCHNEIDER, R HEELAN, RT TI LOW-DOSE GALLIUM NITRATE FOR PREVENTION OF OSTEOLYSIS IN MYELOMA - RESULTS OF A PILOT RANDOMIZED STUDY SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CANCER-RELATED HYPERCALCEMIA; BONE-RESORBING CYTOKINE; MULTIPLE-MYELOMA; PAGETS-DISEASE; CALCIUM; CHEMOTHERAPY; OSTEOPOROSIS; LYMPHOTOXIN; RESORPTION; CALCITONIN C1 CORNELL UNIV,MED CTR,COLL MED,HOSP SPECIAL SURG,COLL MED,DEPT RADIOL,NEW YORK,NY 10021. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT MED,UPTON,NY 11973. MEM SLOAN KETTERING CANC CTR,DEPT MED,DIV HEMATOL ONCOL,NEW YORK,NY 10021. MEM SLOAN KETTERING CANC CTR,DEPT RADIOL,NEW YORK,NY 10021. RP WARRELL, RP (reprint author), MEM SLOAN KETTERING CANC CTR,DEV CHEMOTHERAPY SERV,1275 YORK AVE,NEW YORK,NY 10021, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-42445] NR 41 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 11 IS 12 BP 2443 EP 2450 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA MK118 UT WOS:A1993MK11800021 PM 8246033 ER PT J AU HARRIS, MT BASARAN, OA AF HARRIS, MT BASARAN, OA TI CAPILLARY ELECTROHYDROSTATICS OF CONDUCTING DROPS HANGING FROM A NOZZLE IN AN ELECTRIC-FIELD SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID VARIATIONAL FORMULATION; EQUILIBRIUM CONDITION; AXISYMMETRIC SHAPES; CHARGED DROPS; STABILITY; DROPLETS; PENDANT; MENISCI; LIQUIDS; FLUID C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM TECHNOL,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NR 59 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 161 IS 2 BP 389 EP 413 DI 10.1006/jcis.1993.1482 PG 25 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA MH016 UT WOS:A1993MH01600016 ER PT J AU LIM, KH RECKLEY, JS SMITH, DH AF LIM, KH RECKLEY, JS SMITH, DH TI LIQUID-LIQUID PHASE-EQUILIBRIUM IN BINARY-MIXTURES OF THE NONIONIC AMPHIPHILE CH3(CH2)5(OCH2CH2)2OH AND WATER SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIOR C1 US DOE,MORGANTOWN ENERGY TECHNOL CTR,MORGANTOWN,WV 26507. RP LIM, KH (reprint author), W VIRGINIA UNIV,DEPT CHEM ENGN,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506, USA. NR 10 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 161 IS 2 BP 465 EP 470 DI 10.1006/jcis.1993.1490 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA MH016 UT WOS:A1993MH01600024 ER PT J AU RENDELL, AP GUEST, MF KENDALL, RA AF RENDELL, AP GUEST, MF KENDALL, RA TI DISTRIBUTED DATA-PARALLEL COUPLED-CLUSTER ALGORITHM - APPLICATION TO THE 2-HYDROXYPYRIDINE 2-PYRIDONE TAUTOMERISM SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE; QUANTUM-CHEMISTRY; ABINITIO; EQUILIBRIA; ENERGIES; COMPUTATION; ORBITALS; SINGLES; MODEL; IR AB The recently developed parallel coupled-cluster algorithm of Rendell, Lee, and Lindh [Chem. Phys. Lett., 194, 84 (1992)] is extended to allow four-indexed quantities containing one or two indices in the virtual orbital space to be stored across the global memory of distributed-memory parallel processors. Quantities such as the double-excitation amplitudes can now be distributed over multiple nodes, with blocks of data retrieved from remote nodes by the use of interrupt handlers. As an application of the new code, we have investigated the potential energy surface of the 2-hydroxypyridine/2-pyridone tautomers. Using large basis sets, the structure of each tautomer and the transition state connecting the two minima has been determined at the SCF level. The relative energy difference and the activation energy were then redetermined using the MP2, CCSD, and CCSD(T) methods. All calculations have been performed on Intel distributed-memory supercomputers. The largest coupled-cluster calculations contained over 2 million double-excitation amplitudes. (C) 1993 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 PACIFIC NW LAB, MOLEC SCI RES CTR, ENVIRONM MOLEC SCI LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RP RENDELL, AP (reprint author), SERC, DARESBURY LAB, WARRINGTON WA4 4AD, CHESHIRE, ENGLAND. RI Rendell, Alistair/A-4883-2008 OI Rendell, Alistair/0000-0002-9445-0146 NR 41 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0192-8651 J9 J COMPUT CHEM JI J. Comput. Chem. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 14 IS 12 BP 1429 EP 1439 DI 10.1002/jcc.540141204 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MH776 UT WOS:A1993MH77600003 ER PT J AU JAMGOTCHIAN, H TRIVEDI, R BILLIA, B AF JAMGOTCHIAN, H TRIVEDI, R BILLIA, B TI INTERFACE DYNAMICS AND COUPLED GROWTH IN DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION IN PRESENCE OF BUBBLES SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article ID LIQUID INTERFACE; HYDRODYNAMICS; STABILITY; FLOW AB The formation and dynamics of gas bubbles in Bridgman growth of succinonitrile-acetone alloys is examined. The experimental results show for the first time the rich dynamics that are associated with the formation and propagation of bubbles during directional solidification of alloys. The strong coupling of bubbles with the solid-liquid interface is found to result in the growth of elongated bubbles, either attached to a flat solidification front or forming localized cellular as well as dendritic duplexes (bubbles wrapped by a solid envelope). The coupling of the bubble with the solidification front is shown to cause oscillations in the bubble, which are characterized by fast Fourier transforms. When several duplexes are formed, coupled growth and screening may occur. The basic factors that give rise to oscillations, namely competition between source and sink of acetone assisted by capillary convection at the bubble cap, are discussed qualitatively through the development of an internal oscillator model. Coherent sidebranching observed on dendritic duplexes is shown to be due to resonant modes between the bubble cap and the solid envelope. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,AMES,IA 50011. FAC SCI & TECH ST JEROME,CNRS,MAT ORGAN & PROPRIETES LAB,F-13397 MARSEILLE 20,FRANCE. RP JAMGOTCHIAN, H (reprint author), US DOE,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 21 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD DEC PY 1993 VL 134 IS 3-4 BP 181 EP 195 DI 10.1016/0022-0248(93)90125-G PG 15 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA MK139 UT WOS:A1993MK13900005 ER PT J AU SCHANBACHER, FL GOODMAN, RE TALHOUK, RS AF SCHANBACHER, FL GOODMAN, RE TALHOUK, RS TI BOVINE MAMMARY LACTOFERRIN - IMPLICATIONS FROM MESSENGER-RIBONUCLEIC-ACID (MESSENGER-RNA) SEQUENCE AND REGULATION CONTRARY TO OTHER MILK-PROTEINS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LACTOFERRIN; MESSENGER RIBONUCLEIC ACID; MESSENGER-RNA; REGULATION; MILK PROTEINS ID HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTE; HUMAN LACTOTRANSFERRIN; EUKARYOTIC RIBOSOMES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MOLECULAR-FORMS; BINDING-PROTEIN; GENE-EXPRESSION; BRUSH-BORDER; IRON; GLAND AB The regulation of bovine mammary lactoferrin, an important component of the antimicrobial defenses of the mammary gland, is poorly understood compared with the other milk proteins. The complete sequence for bovine lactoferrin mRNA shows it to be highly homologous to other lactoferrins and transferrins. However, regional differences in the deduced AA sequence of bovine lactoferrin compared with human lactoferrin and transferrin imply functional differences between them. Steady-state levels of bovine lactoferrin mRNA (by Northern blot) in the bovine mammary gland indicate that bovine lactoferrin expression is minimal in the developing and lactating gland but is strongly induced by; mammary involution. The overall regulation of bovine lactoferrin in the mammary gland appears to be contrary to that of the other milk proteins. Features identified in the mRNA of bovine mammary lactoferrin may contribute to the differences in regulation between lactoferrin and other bovine milk proteins and to differences in concentrations of lactoferrin in milk across species. Lactoferrin secretion by bovine mammary cells grown in vitro does not appear to be dependent on prolactin and shows regulation by substratum, serum, and cell population to be different from that for casein. In contrast to casein, efficient secretion of lactoferrin from the cell does not require detachment of collagen substratum. C1 CORNELL UNIV,COLL VET MED,JAMES A BAKER INST,ITHACA,NY 14853. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV CELL & MOLEC BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP SCHANBACHER, FL (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT DAIRY SCI,MOLEC & DEV BIOL LABS,WOOSTER,OH 44691, USA. NR 66 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 76 IS 12 BP 3812 EP 3831 DI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(93)77725-5 PG 20 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA MT269 UT WOS:A1993MT26900023 PM 8132889 ER PT J AU LILIENTALWEBER, Z YU, KM WASHBURN, J LOOK, DC AF LILIENTALWEBER, Z YU, KM WASHBURN, J LOOK, DC TI ANOMALIES IN ANNEALED LT-GAAS SAMPLES SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on low temperature grown and higher nonstoichiometric GaAs and related materials, at the spring meeting of the Materials-Research-Society CY APR 12-13, 1993 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP MAT RES SOC, USAF, OFF SCI RES DE LOW-TEMPERATURE-GROWN GAAS; MBE; PRECIPITATION; TEM ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; LOW-TEMPERATURE; LAYERS AB The annealing behavior of low temperature (LT)-GaAs layers was investigated using transmission electron microscopy, x-ray rocking curves, and H+ ion channeling. These data were compared to the Hall-effect and conductivity data obtained earlier on the same samples. An expansion of the lattice parameter above those observed for as-grown LT-GaAs layers was observed for the layers annealed at 300 and 350 degrees C. No precipitation was observed in transmission electron micrographs for these annealing temperatures. Based on ion-channeling results, the As atoms (split interstitials) appear to be in the same position as found for the as-grown layers. A special arrangement of As split interstitials or out-annealing of gallium vacancies would be consistent with a decrease of the dominant acceptor in these layers and an increase in the lattice parameter. For annealing above 400 degrees C, the lattice parameter decreased and in fact was found to achieve the substrate value at annealing temperatures of 500 degrees C and above. The decrease in the lattice parameter above 400 degrees C is related to the decrease of excess As antisite defects and As split interstitials in the formation of As precipitates. C1 WRIGHT STATE UNIV,RES CTR,DAYTON,OH 45435. RP LILIENTALWEBER, Z (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,CTR ADV MAT,DIV MAT SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012; Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012 OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642 NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 22 IS 12 BP 1395 EP 1399 DI 10.1007/BF02649984 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA MK808 UT WOS:A1993MK80800006 ER PT J AU BLISS, DE WALUKIEWICZ, W HALLER, EE AF BLISS, DE WALUKIEWICZ, W HALLER, EE TI ANNEALING OF AS-GA-RELATED DEFECTS IN LT-GAAS - THE ROLE OF GALLIUM VACANCIES SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on low temperature grown and higher nonstoichiometric GaAs and related materials, at the spring meeting of the Materials-Research-Society CY APR 12-13, 1993 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP MAT RES SOC, USAF, OFF SCI RES DE DEFECTS; LOW-TEMPERATURE-GROWN GAAS; MBE ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; LOW-TEMPERATURES AB We have studied the annealing properties of As-Ga-related defects in layers of GaAs grown at low substrate temperatures (300 degrees C) by molecular beam epitaxy (low temperature[LT]-GaAs). The concentration of neutral As-Ga-related native defects, estimated by infrared absorption measurements, ranges from 2x10(19) to 1x10(20) cm(-3). Slow positron annihilation results indicate an excess concentration of Ga vacancies in LT layers over bulk grown crystals. A sharp annealing stage at 450 degrees C marks a rapid decrease in the As-Ga defect concentration. We propose that the defect removal mechanism is the diffusion of As-Ga to arsenic precipitates, which is enhanced by the presence of excess V-Ga. The supersaturated concentration of V-Ga must also decrease. Hence, the diffusivity of the As-Ga defects is time dependent. Analysis of isothermal annealing kinetics gives an enthalpy of migration of 2.0+/-0.3 eV for the photoquenchable As-Ga defects, 1.5+/-0.3 eV for the V-Ga, and 1.1+/-0.3 eV for the nonphotoquenchable defects. The difference in activation enthalpy represents difference energy between an As atom and Ga atom swapping sites with a V-Ga. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT MAT SCI & MINERAL ENGN,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP BLISS, DE (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,CTR ADV MAT,DIV MAT SCI,1 CYCLOTRON RD,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 13 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 22 IS 12 BP 1401 EP 1404 DI 10.1007/BF02649985 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA MK808 UT WOS:A1993MK80800007 ER PT J AU UMLOR, MT KEEBLE, DJ COOKE, PW ASOKAKUMAR, P LYNN, KG AF UMLOR, MT KEEBLE, DJ COOKE, PW ASOKAKUMAR, P LYNN, KG TI VARIABLE-ENERGY POSITRON BEAM CHARACTERIZATION OF DEFECTS IN AS-GROWN AND ANNEALED LOW-TEMPERATURE-GROWN GAAS SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on low temperature grown and higher nonstoichiometric GaAs and related materials, at the spring meeting of the Materials-Research-Society CY APR 12-13, 1993 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP MAT RES SOC, USAF, OFF SCI RES ID EPITAXY AB Variable energy positron annihilation measurements on as-grown and annealed GaAs grown by molecular beam epitaxy at temperatures between 230 and 350 degrees C have been performed. Samples were subjected to either isochronal anneals to temperatures in the range 300 to 600 degrees C or rapid thermal anneals to 700, 800, and 900 degrees C. A significant increase in the S-parameter was observed for all samples annealed to temperatures greater than 400 degrees C. The positron annihilation characteristics of the defect produced upon annealing are consistent with divacancies or larger vacancy clusters. The concentration of as-grown and anneal generated defects is found to decrease with increasing growth temperature. C1 GEOCENTERS INC,FT MONMOUTH,NJ 07703. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT PHYS,UPTON,NY 11973. RP UMLOR, MT (reprint author), MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,DEPT PHYS,HOUGHTON,MI 49931, USA. RI Keeble, David /C-6633-2012 OI Keeble, David /0000-0002-5378-799X NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 22 IS 12 BP 1405 EP 1408 DI 10.1007/BF02649986 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA MK808 UT WOS:A1993MK80800008 ER PT J AU NAMAVAR, F KALKHORAN, NM CLAVERIE, A LILIENTALWEBER, Z WEBER, ER SEKULAMOISE, PA VERNON, S HAVEN, V AF NAMAVAR, F KALKHORAN, NM CLAVERIE, A LILIENTALWEBER, Z WEBER, ER SEKULAMOISE, PA VERNON, S HAVEN, V TI LATERAL AND VERTICAL ISOLATION BY ARSENIC IMPLANTATION INTO MOCVD-GROWN GAAS-LAYERS SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on low temperature grown and higher nonstoichiometric GaAs and related materials, at the spring meeting of the Materials-Research-Society CY APR 12-13, 1993 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP MAT RES SOC, USAF, OFF SCI RES DE ARSENIC IMPLANTATION; ARSENIC PRECIPITATES; GAAS INSULATING LAYERS; HIGH PACKING DENSITY ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; LOW-TEMPERATURES AB We have demonstrated the formation of arsenic precipitates in GaAs using arsenic implantation and annealing. Electrical measurements show that very high resistivity (surface or buried) GaAs layers can be produced by this method. The arsenic-implanted materials are similar to GaAs:As buffer layers grown by low-temperature molecular beam epitaxy, which are used for eliminating backgating problems in GaAs circuits. Arsenic implantation is a nonepitaxial process which is compatible with current GaAs technology. Formation of insulating GaAs layers by this technique may improve the performance and packing density of GaAs integrated circuits, leading to advanced novel III-V compound-based technologies for high-speed and radiation-hard circuits. C1 CNRS,CEMES,TOULOUSE,FRANCE. LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP NAMAVAR, F (reprint author), SPIRE CORP,BEDFORD,MA 01730, USA. RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012 NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 22 IS 12 BP 1409 EP 1412 DI 10.1007/BF02649987 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA MK808 UT WOS:A1993MK80800009 ER PT J AU LILIENTALWEBER, Z CHENG, HJ GUPTA, S WHITAKER, J NICHOLS, K SMITH, FW AF LILIENTALWEBER, Z CHENG, HJ GUPTA, S WHITAKER, J NICHOLS, K SMITH, FW TI STRUCTURE AND CARRIER LIFETIME IN LT-GAAS SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on low temperature grown and higher nonstoichiometric GaAs and related materials, at the spring meeting of the Materials-Research-Society CY APR 12-13, 1993 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP MAT RES SOC, USAF, OFF SCI RES DE CARRIER LIFETIME; LOW-TEMPERATURE-GROWN GAAS; MBE; TEM ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; TEMPERATURES; LAYERS AB The relationship between the structural quality of low-temperature GaAs layers and the photoexcited carrier lifetime has been studied. Transmission electron microscopy, x-ray rocking curves, time-resolved reflectance methods, and photoconductive-switch-response measurements were used for this study. For a variety of samples grown at temperatures in the vicinity of 200 degrees C, subpicosecond carrier lifetimes were observed both in as-grown layers, as well as in the same layers after post-annealing and formation of As precipitates. These results suggest that the carrier lifetime, which was found to be shorter in the as-grown layers than in the annealed ones, might be related to the density of As-Ga antisite defects present in the layers. The annealed layers which contained structural defects before annealing appeared to exhibit the longest carrier lifetime due to gettering of As on these defects (and formation of relatively large As precipitates) and depletion of extra As (As-GA) defects from the layer. It was found as well that the responsivity of detectors fabricated on these layers depended strongly on the structural quality of the layers, with the greatest response obtained not for the layers with the fewest defects, but for the layers with 10(7)-10(8)/cm(2) of pyramidal defects. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,CTR ULTRAFAST OPT SCI,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. MIT,LINCOLN LAB,LEXINGTON,MA 02173. RP LILIENTALWEBER, Z (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,CTR ADV MAT,DIV MAT SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012 NR 14 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 22 IS 12 BP 1465 EP 1469 DI 10.1007/BF02650000 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA MK808 UT WOS:A1993MK80800022 ER PT J AU DRESZER, P CHEN, WM WASIK, D LEON, R WALUKIEWICZ, W LIANG, BW TU, CW WEBER, ER AF DRESZER, P CHEN, WM WASIK, D LEON, R WALUKIEWICZ, W LIANG, BW TU, CW WEBER, ER TI ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES OF LOW-TEMPERATURE INP SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on low temperature grown and higher nonstoichiometric GaAs and related materials, at the spring meeting of the Materials-Research-Society CY APR 12-13, 1993 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP MAT RES SOC, USAF, OFF SCI RES DE LT INP; PHOSPHORUS ANTISITE; PRESSURE ID DETECTED MAGNETIC-RESONANCE AB We have investigated InP layers grown by low-temperature (LT) gas source molecular beam epitaxy. Using high-pressure Hall effect measurements, we have found that the electronic transport in the LT epilayers is determined by the presence of the dominant deep donor level which is resonant with the conduction band (CB) located 120 meV above the CB minimum (E(CB)). We find that its pressure derivative is 105 meV/GPa. This large pressure derivative reveals the highly localized character of the donor which via auto-ionization gives rise to the high free electron concentration n. From the deep level transient spectroscopy and Hall effect measurements, we find two other deep levels in the band gap at E(CB) - 0.23 eV and E(CB) - 0.53 eV. We assign the two levels at E(CB) + 0.12 eV and E(CB) - 0.23 eV to the first and second ionization stages of the phosphorus antisite defect. C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV MAT SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV WARSAW,INST EXPTL PHYS,PL-00681 WARSAW,POLAND. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. RP DRESZER, P (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT MAT SCI & MINERAL ENGN,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Chen, Weimin/J-4660-2012 OI Chen, Weimin/0000-0002-6405-9509 NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 6 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 22 IS 12 BP 1487 EP 1490 DI 10.1007/BF02650004 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA MK808 UT WOS:A1993MK80800026 ER PT J AU ZAKHAROV, ND LILIENTALWEBER, Z SWIDER, W WASHBURN, J BROWN, AS METZGER, R AF ZAKHAROV, ND LILIENTALWEBER, Z SWIDER, W WASHBURN, J BROWN, AS METZGER, R TI ORDERING IN INGAAS/INALAS LAYERS SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on low temperature grown and higher nonstoichiometric GaAs and related materials, at the spring meeting of the Materials-Research-Society CY APR 12-13, 1993 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP MAT RES SOC, USAF, OFF SCI RES DE LT INGAAS; LT INALAS; ORDERING; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY ID (110)INP AB The structure of InGaAs/InAlAs layers lattice matched to an InP substrate, grown on either (100) or on (11O) with a 4 degrees tilt toward [11 $$($) over bar 1] at 500 and 300 degrees C has been investigated by transmission electron microscopy. High perfection resulted for the layers grown on [001] oriented substrates whereas growth on the near [110] substrates resulted in compositional nonuniformities, macrosteps formation, and ordering of the group III elements. This difference in structural perfection between the two sets of samples was also reflected in differences in electrical properties. C1 HUGHES RES LABS,MALIBU,CA 90265. RP ZAKHAROV, ND (reprint author), LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,CTR ADV MAT,DIV MAT SCI,62-203,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012 NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 22 IS 12 BP 1495 EP 1498 DI 10.1007/BF02650006 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA MK808 UT WOS:A1993MK80800028 ER PT J AU JAGER, ND VERMA, AK DRESZER, P NEWMAN, N LILIENTALWEBER, Z VANSCHILFGAARDE, M WEBER, ER AF JAGER, ND VERMA, AK DRESZER, P NEWMAN, N LILIENTALWEBER, Z VANSCHILFGAARDE, M WEBER, ER TI FIRST DIRECT OBSERVATION OF EL2-LIKE DEFECT LEVELS IN ANNEALED LT-GAAS SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on low temperature grown and higher nonstoichiometric GaAs and related materials, at the spring meeting of the Materials-Research-Society CY APR 12-13, 1993 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP MAT RES SOC, USAF, OFF SCI RES DE DEFECT; EL2 DEFECT; INTERNAL PHOTOEMISSION; LOW-TEMPERATURE GROWN GAAS; PHOTOCURRENT; PHOTOQUENCHING ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; ELECTRON TRAP; LAYERS; PHOTOEMISSION; TEMPERATURES; SPECTROSCOPY; EL2 AB Nonstoichiometric arsenic-rich GaAs grown at low temperatures by molecular beam epitaxy (LT-GaAs) has been found to be semi-insulating after high-temperature annealing. The origin of this technologically important conversion is not yet fully understood. In order to study this effect, we performed photocurrent measurements on p-LT GaAs-n diodes in the spectral range between 0.75 and 1.5 eV at 8K. The photocurrent spectra revealed the following features which are unique to the EL2 level: photoquenching, characteristic photoionization transitions to conduction band minima and a presence of a broad band due to the effect of auto-ionization from the excited state. Moreover, modeling of the optical excitation process using realistic band structure demonstrates that these features cannot be explained by ''internal photoemission'' originating from As precipitates, as the ''buried Schottky barrier model'' predicts. This is the first direct experimental evidence for the existence of EL2-like defect levels and their importance for understanding the optical and electronic properties of annealed LT-GaAs. C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV MAT SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT ELECT ENGN,BERKELEY,CA 94720. STANFORD RES INT,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP JAGER, ND (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT MAT SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Newman, Nathan/E-1466-2011; Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012 OI Newman, Nathan/0000-0003-2819-9616; NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 22 IS 12 BP 1499 EP 1502 DI 10.1007/BF02650007 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA MK808 UT WOS:A1993MK80800029 ER PT J AU KILGO, MM GREIF, R RUSSO, RE AF KILGO, MM GREIF, R RUSSO, RE TI QUESTIONS IN FLUID-MECHANICS - FLOW NEAR THERMODYNAMIC CRITICAL-POINTS SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Editorial Material C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP KILGO, MM (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT MECH ENGN,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD DEC PY 1993 VL 115 IS 4 BP 546 EP 547 DI 10.1115/1.2910177 PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA MR520 UT WOS:A1993MR52000003 ER PT J AU TRUMAN, CR SHIRAZI, SA BLOTTNER, FG AF TRUMAN, CR SHIRAZI, SA BLOTTNER, FG TI NONITERATIVE SOLUTION FOR PRESSURE IN PARABOLIC FLOWS SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER EQUATIONS AB Parabolic flows in which the pressure variation in the streamwise (or marching) direction is unknown a priori include internal thin shear layers, shock-boundary layer interactions, and in verse boundary layers with specified displacement thickness or shear stress. The pressure is typically obtained through an additional iteration beyond that required to determine the velocity components (and other dependent variables). A generalized block-tridiagonal procedure is discussed in which pressure is determined within the iteration for velocity components to substantially reduce computation time. The increase in algebraic complexity in the solution procedure is small; no increase in the size of the block matrices is required. The method applies to any marching solution in which a scalar dependent variable is constant across the flow, but varies in the streamwise or marching direction. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,DIV COMP AERODYNAM 1556,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. RP TRUMAN, CR (reprint author), UNIV NEW MEXICO,DEPT MECH ENGN,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131, USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD DEC PY 1993 VL 115 IS 4 BP 627 EP 630 DI 10.1115/1.2910190 PG 4 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA MR520 UT WOS:A1993MR52000016 ER PT J AU FTHENAKIS, VM SCHATZ, KW ROHATGI, US ZAKKAY, V AF FTHENAKIS, VM SCHATZ, KW ROHATGI, US ZAKKAY, V TI COMPUTATION OF FLOW-FIELDS INDUCED BY WATER SPRAYING OF AN UNCONFINED GASEOUS PLUME SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID TURBULENCE-MODEL; TOXIC GASES; PREDICTION AB Flow fields induced by the interaction of water sprays and a gaseous plume have been studied in the context of absorbing and dispersing an accidental release of toxic gas in the air. The effectiveness of water sprays in absorbing highly water soluble gases was recently demonstrated in extended laboratory and field tests. In this paper, computer simulations are presented of the Hawk, Nevada Test Site, series of water spray/HF mitigation field tests. The model used, HFSPRAY, is a Eulerean/Lagrangian model which simulates the momentum, mass and energy interactions between a water spray and a turbulent plume of HF in air; the model can predict the flow velocities, temperature, water vapor, and HF concentration fields in two-dimensional large-geometries for spraying in any direction, (i.e., down-flow, inclined-down-flow, up-flow, and co-current horizontal flow). The model was validated against recent data on spraying of water on large releases of HF. It can provide a direct input to the design of water spray systems for HF mitigation. C1 MOBIL RES & DEV CORP,PRINCETON,NJ 08540. NYU,DEPT APPL SCI,NEW YORK,NY 10003. RP FTHENAKIS, VM (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,BLDG 490D,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD DEC PY 1993 VL 115 IS 4 BP 742 EP 750 DI 10.1115/1.2910207 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA MR520 UT WOS:A1993MR52000032 ER PT J AU MARTON, W AF MARTON, W TI TECHNOLOGY-TRANSFER AT DEPARTMENT-OF-ENERGY AND OFFICE-OF-FUSION-ENERGY SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fusion-Power-Associates Symposium on Near-Term Applications of Fusion and Plasma Technologies CY OCT 05-07, 1993 CL OAK RIDGE, TN SP FUS POWER ASSOC RP MARTON, W (reprint author), US DOE,OFF FUS ENERGY,WASHINGTON,DC 20585, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0164-0313 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD DEC PY 1993 VL 12 IS 4 BP 333 EP 333 DI 10.1007/BF01054810 PG 1 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA NW971 UT WOS:A1993NW97100002 ER PT J AU COOK, D AF COOK, D TI ECONOMICALLY VALUABLE APPLICATIONS OF REPETITIVE PULSED-POWER TECHNOLOGIES SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fusion-Power-Associates Symposium on Near-Term Applications of Fusion and Plasma Technologies CY OCT 05-07, 1993 CL OAK RIDGE, TN SP FUS POWER ASSOC AB Repetitive pulsed power technologies are being developed and applied to problems of economic interest. An important enabling capability is the Repetitive High Energy Pulsed Power (RHEPP) module at Sandia National Laboratories. Applications include pulsed ion beams for materials modification, high-energy electron beams for deep-penetration welding, electron beams for destruction of toxic chemical wastes, and gamma-ray beams for food purification. This paper describes the status of the repetitive pulsed power technology and the technical bases for several of the applications. RP COOK, D (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0164-0313 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD DEC PY 1993 VL 12 IS 4 BP 361 EP 364 DI 10.1007/BF01054813 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA NW971 UT WOS:A1993NW97100005 ER PT J AU BERRY, LA AF BERRY, LA TI PLASMA PROCESSING FOR INTEGRATED-CIRCUITS SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fusion-Power-Associates Symposium on Near-Term Applications of Fusion and Plasma Technologies CY OCT 05-07, 1993 CL OAK RIDGE, TN SP FUS POWER ASSOC AB The steady advance of integrated circuit technology is one of the most remarkable technology trends in this era of technological revolution. For example, the 64-k memory chips of the early 1980s are now being replaced by 4-M and even 16-M chips. This trend is expected to continue with chips at the giga-bit level being available in a decade. The needs for ultraviolet and then X-ray lithography to define the submicron features needed for these larger, denser chips have been widely discussed. However, in parallel, the equipment (referred to as tools in the industry) and related processes to carry out the deposition and etching steps needed to actually produce devices in the tenth-micron range also require significant development. This paper summarizes present and anticipated contributions of magnetic fusion plasma theory and diagnostics and plasma production technology at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) for the development of integrated circuit production technology. The discussion is introduced with a review of past technology evolution and of the present economic context for manufacturing. RP BERRY, LA (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37830, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0164-0313 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD DEC PY 1993 VL 12 IS 4 BP 365 EP 369 DI 10.1007/BF01054814 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA NW971 UT WOS:A1993NW97100006 ER PT J AU JAMESON, RA AF JAMESON, RA TI ACCELERATOR-DRIVEN TRANSMUTATION OF NUCLEAR WASTE AND ELECTRICAL-POWER PRODUCTION SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fusion-Power-Associates Symposium on Near-Term Applications of Fusion and Plasma Technologies CY OCT 05-07, 1993 CL OAK RIDGE, TN SP FUS POWER ASSOC RP JAMESON, RA (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV ACCELERATOR TECHNOL,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0164-0313 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD DEC PY 1993 VL 12 IS 4 BP 379 EP 380 DI 10.1007/BF01054817 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA NW971 UT WOS:A1993NW97100009 ER PT J AU PENG, YKM CHENG, ET AF PENG, YKM CHENG, ET TI MAGNETIC FUSION DRIVEN TRANSMUTATION OF NUCLEAR WASTE (FTW) SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fusion-Power-Associates Symposium on Near-Term Applications of Fusion and Plasma Technologies CY OCT 05-07, 1993 CL OAK RIDGE, TN SP FUS POWER ASSOC RP PENG, YKM (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37830, USA. NR 0 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0164-0313 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD DEC PY 1993 VL 12 IS 4 BP 381 EP 384 DI 10.1007/BF01054818 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA NW971 UT WOS:A1993NW97100010 ER PT J AU BERRY, LA FOSTER, CA LUBELL, MS NELSON, WD ROME, JA SHEFFIELD, J WHITE, TL AF BERRY, LA FOSTER, CA LUBELL, MS NELSON, WD ROME, JA SHEFFIELD, J WHITE, TL TI FUSION SPIN-OFFS - AN IMPORTANT PART OF THE OAK-RIDGE-NATIONAL-LABORATORY FUSION PROGRAM SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fusion-Power-Associates Symposium on Near-Term Applications of Fusion and Plasma Technologies CY OCT 05-07, 1993 CL OAK RIDGE, TN SP FUS POWER ASSOC RP BERRY, LA (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37830, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0164-0313 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD DEC PY 1993 VL 12 IS 4 BP 393 EP 394 DI 10.1007/BF01054823 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA NW971 UT WOS:A1993NW97100015 ER PT J AU BETTEN, P AF BETTEN, P TI FUSION-RELATED TECHNOLOGY-TRANSFER AT THE ARGONNE-NATIONAL-LABORATORY SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fusion-Power-Associates Symposium on Near-Term Applications of Fusion and Plasma Technologies CY OCT 05-07, 1993 CL OAK RIDGE, TN SP FUS POWER ASSOC RP BETTEN, P (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,CTR IND TECHNOL DEV,9700 SO CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0164-0313 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD DEC PY 1993 VL 12 IS 4 BP 395 EP 396 DI 10.1007/BF01054824 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA NW971 UT WOS:A1993NW97100016 ER PT J AU MATTHEWS, DL AF MATTHEWS, DL TI COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS OF INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION TECHNOLOGY SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fusion-Power-Associates Symposium on Near-Term Applications of Fusion and Plasma Technologies CY OCT 05-07, 1993 CL OAK RIDGE, TN SP FUS POWER ASSOC RP MATTHEWS, DL (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0164-0313 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD DEC PY 1993 VL 12 IS 4 BP 399 EP 400 DI 10.1007/BF01054826 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA NW971 UT WOS:A1993NW97100018 ER PT J AU SHERWOOD, A AF SHERWOOD, A TI LOS-ALAMOS-NATIONAL-LABORATORY ION-IMPLANTATION PROGRAM WITH GENERAL-MOTORS AND THE UNIVERSITY-OF-WISCONSIN SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fusion-Power-Associates Symposium on Near-Term Applications of Fusion and Plasma Technologies CY OCT 05-07, 1993 CL OAK RIDGE, TN SP FUS POWER ASSOC C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0164-0313 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD DEC PY 1993 VL 12 IS 4 BP 405 EP 405 DI 10.1007/BF01054829 PG 1 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA NW971 UT WOS:A1993NW97100021 ER PT J AU PHILLIPS, JL BAME, SJ THOMSEN, MF GOLDSTEIN, BE SMITH, EJ AF PHILLIPS, JL BAME, SJ THOMSEN, MF GOLDSTEIN, BE SMITH, EJ TI ULYSSES PLASMA OBSERVATIONS IN THE JOVIAN MAGNETOSHEATH SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EARTHS BOW SHOCK; ION DISTRIBUTIONS; DAYSIDE MAGNETOSHEATHS; JUPITER; SATURN; FLYBY AB The solar wind plasma experiment aboard the Ulysses spacecraft, including separate ion and electron instruments, measured the plasma properties of the Jovian magnetosheath during the February 1992 encounter with Jupiter. Seven separate magnetosheath intervals were observed, as well as four bow shock crossings and numerous encounters with the magnetopause and its boundary layer. We present an overview of ion and electron bulk parameters and a sampling of distribution shapes for the magnetosheath and adjacent plasma regions. Plasma flows are generally appropriate for slowing and deflection of the solar wind flow about a relatively stationary obstacle, with the notable exception of the first inbound sheath transit, when an expanding magnetosphere resulted in sunward flow just above the magnetopause. The existence of a planetary depletion layer is suggested by trends in plasma density for some magnetopause encounters. The magnetopause boundary layer is characterized by a combination of sheathlike and magnetospheric distributions of both ions and electrons. The ion population in the sheath is observed to include a significant population of suprathermal protons. Electron distributions have a distinctive shape previously observed in the terrestrial magnetosheath, with fluxes parallel to the magnetic field dominating at thermal energies and perpendicular fluxes dominating at higher energies. Trends in electron temperature near the bow shock indicate that shock motion plays an important role in heating the electrons. In general, the plasma characteristics of the Jovian magnetosheath are quite similar to those in its terrestrial counterpart, but the compressible nature of the Jovian magnetosphere accentuates the importance of boundary motions. C1 JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. RP PHILLIPS, JL (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 21 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 98 IS A12 BP 21189 EP 21202 DI 10.1029/93JA02592 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA MK576 UT WOS:A1993MK57600029 ER PT J AU MCKEAN, ME GARY, SP WINSKE, D AF MCKEAN, ME GARY, SP WINSKE, D TI KINETIC PHYSICS OF THE MIRROR INSTABILITY SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CYCLOTRON ANISOTROPY INSTABILITIES; MAGNETOSHEATH; WAVES AB Kinetic mechanisms for the growth and saturation of the mirror instability are described using one-dimensional hybrid simulations. Two parameter regimes are considered. In the first regime, a relatively small ion anisotropy excites a slowly growing instability that produces small-amplitude waves; most ions respond to the waves as an adiabatic fluid. In the second regime a large anisotropy excites a rapidly growing instability that generates large-amplitude waves; the response of many ions in this case is nonactiabatic. The difference in ion response is due to the relative importance of two ion populations, resonant and nonresonant. Resonant ions, those ions with low velocities parallel to the background magnetic field, contribute to the growth of the instability as a result of their gyrointeractions with the noncoplanar component of the wave electric field and respond to the mirror waves nonadiabatically. Nonresonant ions, those with large parallel velocities, respond as an adiabatic fluid. In both regimes, ion anisotropy is reduced by means of the magnetic mirror force; in the second regime, the anisotropy is further reduced as a consequence of the field rotation at magnetic minima. The anisotropy reduction reduces the free energy available for wave growth and leads to the saturation of the mirror instability. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NR 18 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 98 IS A12 BP 21313 EP 21321 DI 10.1029/93JA01993 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA MK576 UT WOS:A1993MK57600040 ER PT J AU REEVES, GD BELIAN, RD FRITZ, TA KIVELSON, MG MCENTIRE, RW ROELOF, EC WILKEN, B WILLIAMS, DJ AF REEVES, GD BELIAN, RD FRITZ, TA KIVELSON, MG MCENTIRE, RW ROELOF, EC WILKEN, B WILLIAMS, DJ TI STRUCTURED PLASMA SHEET THINNING OBSERVED BY GALILEO AND 1984-129 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NEAR-EARTH MAGNETOTAIL; ENERGETIC PARTICLES; MAGNETIC-FIELD; GROWTH-PHASE; SUBSTORMS; MAGNETOSPHERE; ORBIT; ONSET; MODEL AB On December 8, 1990, the Galileo spacecraft used the Earth for a gravity assist on its way to Jupiter. Its trajectory was such that it crossed geosynchronous orbit at approximately local midnight between 1900 and 2000 UT. At the same time, spacecraft 1984-129 was also located at geosynchronous orbit near local midnight. Several flux dropout events were observed when the two spacecraft were in the near-Earth plasma sheet in die same local time sector. Flux dropout events are associated with plasma sheet thinning in the near-Earth tail during the growth phase of substorms. This period is unique in that Galileo provided a rapid radial profile of the near-Earth plasma sheet while 1984-129 provided an azimuthal profile. With measurements from these two spacecraft we can distinguish between spatial structures and temporal changes. Our observations confirm that the geosynchronous flux dropout events are consistent with plasma sheet thinning which changes the spacecraft's magnetic connection from the trapping region to the more distant plasma sheet. However, for this period, thinning occurred on two spatial and temporal scales. The geosynchronous dropouts were highly localized phenomena of 30 min duration superimposed on a more global reconfiguration of the tail lasting approximately 4 hours. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,APPL PHYS LAB,LAUREL,MD 20723. MAX PLANCK INST AERON,W-3411 KATLENBURG DUHM,GERMANY. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. RP REEVES, GD (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,SST-9,MS D-436,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. RI Kivelson, Margaret/I-9019-2012; Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011 OI Kivelson, Margaret/0000-0003-3859-8581; Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098 NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 98 IS A12 BP 21323 EP 21333 DI 10.1029/93JA02290 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA MK576 UT WOS:A1993MK57600041 ER PT J AU DROPPO, JG BUCK, JW STRENGE, DL HOOPES, BL AF DROPPO, JG BUCK, JW STRENGE, DL HOOPES, BL TI RISK COMPUTATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESTORATION ACTIVITIES SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB Environmental restoration activities planned by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and other agencies will require consideration of long-term environmental and public health risks. These restoration activities will require risk computations capabilities in support of baseline, remediation, and residual risk assessments. During the initial stages of problem characterization, risk screening approaches are useful; then, as more data become available, more detailed risk evaluations are appropriate. While a wide variety of models address specific site characteristics, transport media, and impact type, only a few models address the broad range of long-term public health issues encountered in environmental restoration activities. One such model, the Multimedia Environmental Pollutant Assessment System (MEPAS(R)) ((C) Battelle Memorial Institute, 1989, 1993), integrates radioactive and hazardous materials risk computations for major exposure routes via air, surface water, groundwater, and overland flow transport. By considering a broad range of potential environmental issues, models such as MEPAS can be used to help prioritize potential environmental problems. An illustrative application is described involving relative risk-based evaluation of the mixed waste in underground tanks. The results provide an indication of(1) the relative importance of each of the constituents from a public-health standpoint, and (2) the sensitivity of those rankings to important input parameters. RP DROPPO, JG (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, K6-55,POB 999,BATTELLE BLVD, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 35 IS 3 BP 341 EP 352 DI 10.1016/0304-3894(93)85041-C PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MN685 UT WOS:A1993MN68500002 ER PT J AU CHENG, JJ YU, C AF CHENG, JJ YU, C TI USING THE RESRAD COMPUTER CODE TO EVALUATE HUMAN HEALTH RISKS FROM RADIONUCLIDES AND HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB A pathway analysis computer code called RESRAD was developed at Argonne National Laboratory for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) for the evaluation of sites contaminated with residual radioactive materials. The DOE and its contractors have used RESRAD to calculate radiation doses and cleanup criteria. Recently, the RESRAD code has been improved so that it can calculate the excess cancer incidence risk from radiation exposure by using the slope factors recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This new feature is discussed in detail in this paper. The method for predicting health risks caused by hazardous chemicals is similar to that for predicting risks caused by radionuclides. The feasibility of applying RESRAD to chemical risk assessment is examined in this paper. The results show that after modification, RESRAD can be used for risk assessment of some classes of hazardous chemicals, for example, metals. Expansion of the RESRAD database to include chemical compounds and the addition of applicable exposure pathways (e.g., inhalation of volatile vapors) will increase RESRAD's capability to handle chemical risk assessments. RP CHENG, JJ (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT & INFORMAT SCI,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 35 IS 3 BP 353 EP 367 DI 10.1016/0304-3894(93)85042-D PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MN685 UT WOS:A1993MN68500003 ER PT J AU SHEVENELL, L HOFFMAN, FO AF SHEVENELL, L HOFFMAN, FO TI NECESSITY OF UNCERTAINTY ANALYSES IN RISK ASSESSMENT SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB The potential risks to human health associated with contaminant discharges from the waste area groupings (WAGs) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) have been estimated and ranked. Human health risks are estimated using selected exposure relationships for human receptors and local contaminant concentrations associated with individual waste sites. The ranking of the waste areas using deterministic methods yields disparate rankings because risk assessment results are very user-specific and depend on the user's selection of models, parameter values and uncertainty about important model parameters. Rankings obtained without an uncertainty analysis are unreliable because of large inconsistencies in the amount of conservatism used to quantify model parameters for specific contaminant and exposure pathways. Through the use of uncertainty analyses on the risk assessment of the waste sites, it was possible to rank the waste areas in a more reliable manner. The WAGs are ranked based on potential human health risk in the following order: (1) WAG 1; (2) WAG 2, 6, and 7, and WAG 4; (3) WAG 5; (4) WAG 9; (5) WAG 3; and (6) WAG 8. The dominant pathway contributing to human health risks is through fish ingestion, while the contaminant contributing the greatest risk over all exposure pathways considered is Cs-137. C1 SENES OAK RIDGE INC,OAK RIDGE,TN 37830. RP SHEVENELL, L (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,BLDG 1505,MS 6038,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 35 IS 3 BP 369 EP 385 DI 10.1016/0304-3894(93)85043-E PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MN685 UT WOS:A1993MN68500004 ER PT J AU TRAVIS, CC SCOFIELD, PA BLAYLOCK, BP AF TRAVIS, CC SCOFIELD, PA BLAYLOCK, BP TI EVALUATION OF REMEDIATION WORKER RISK AT RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED WASTE SITES SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB This paper presents a methodology for estimating worker risk occurring during remediation of radioactively contaminated sites. The methodology was applied to estimate remediation worker risks associated with remediation of 17 DOE sites. Fatal construction and off-site transportation risks associated with remediation of the sites were also evaluated. Cancer risks associated with exposure to radiation were found to be about nine times lower on average than construction- and transportation-related accident fatalities. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OFF ENVIRONM COMPLIANCE,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP TRAVIS, CC (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,CTR RISK MANAGEMENT,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 35 IS 3 BP 387 EP 401 DI 10.1016/0304-3894(93)85044-F PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MN685 UT WOS:A1993MN68500005 ER PT J AU WHITE, RK REDFEARN, A SHAW, R KING, AD AF WHITE, RK REDFEARN, A SHAW, R KING, AD TI IMPACTS OF THE USE OF INSTITUTIONAL CONTROLS ON RISK ASSESSMENTS FOR US DEPARTMENT-OF-ENERGY FACILITIES SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB This paper summarizes some of the major issues related to the use of institutional controls at hazardous waste sites under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy Field Office, Oak Ridge/Environmental Restoration Division (DOE-OR/ERD). In particular, the impacts that assumptions regarding institutional controls have on the results and interpretation of the risk assessment, both in the Remedial Investigation (RI) and the Feasibility Study (FS) are addressed. The approaches and assumptions relating to institutional controls focus on the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), since it is the regulatory driver for hazardous waste sites at Department of Energy (DOE) facilities. In order to provide a contrast to approaches adopted under CERCLA, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and radiation regulatory authorities (i.e., Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) regulations/guidance, DOE orders, and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standards) are briefly outlined. To demonstrate the implications of the use of institutional controls at DOE facilities, the approaches and results of a recent baseline risk assessment for Solid Waste Storage Area 6 at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) are summarized. RP WHITE, RK (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,105 MITCHELL RD,MS 6492,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 35 IS 3 BP 403 EP 412 DI 10.1016/0304-3894(93)85045-G PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MN685 UT WOS:A1993MN68500006 ER PT J AU ISHERWOOD, WF RICE, D ZIAGOS, J NICHOLS, E AF ISHERWOOD, WF RICE, D ZIAGOS, J NICHOLS, E TI SMART PUMP AND TREAT SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is approaching the final phase of the Superfund decision-making process for site restoration and will soon initiate full-scale clean-up. Despite some well-publicized perceived failings of the pump and treat approach, we have concluded that intelligent application of this strategy is the best choice for ground water restoration at LLNL. Our proposed approach differs sufficiently from the pump-and-treat methods implemented at other sites that we call it ''smart'' pump and treat. Smart pump and treat consists of four distinct, but interrelated, elements: three pre-remediation strategies and one applying to the active management of the extraction process. Together, these techniques constitute an integrated program that embodies crucial aspects of contaminant flow and transport to speed up the remediation of contaminated aquifers. The four elements are: (1) a spatially detailed site characterization, linked with regional hydrogeologic simulations; (2) directed extraction, where the extraction and recharge locations are controlled by field-determined hydrogeologic parameters; (3) field-validated simulations that match the complexity of the collected data; and (4) adaptive pumping and reinjection where spatial positions and rates vary with time. Together, these techniques minimize the cost and the time to reach regulatory-directed cleanup goals and maximize the rate of contaminant removal. C1 WEISS ASSOCIATES,EMERYVILLE,CA 94608. RP ISHERWOOD, WF (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,7000 EAST AVE,MS L629,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 35 IS 3 BP 413 EP 426 DI 10.1016/0304-3894(93)85046-H PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MN685 UT WOS:A1993MN68500007 ER PT J AU TRAVIS, CC BLAYLOCK, BP AF TRAVIS, CC BLAYLOCK, BP TI THE USE OF RISK ASSESSMENT AT DOE FACILITIES - PREFACE SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Editorial Material RP TRAVIS, CC (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,CTR RISK MANAGEMENT,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 35 IS 3 BP R3 EP R4 DI 10.1016/0304-3894(93)85040-L PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MN685 UT WOS:A1993MN68500001 ER PT J AU COBURN, MD HISKEY, MA LEE, KY OTT, DG STINECIPHER, MM AF COBURN, MD HISKEY, MA LEE, KY OTT, DG STINECIPHER, MM TI OXIDATIONS OF 3,6-DIAMINO-1,2,4,5-TETRAZINE AND 3,6-BIS(S,S-DIMETHYLSULFILIMINO)-1,2,4,5-TETRAZINE SO JOURNAL OF HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Oxidation of 3,6-diamino-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (1) with most peracids gave 3,6-diamino-1,2,4,5-tetrazine 1,4-dioxide (3) as the major product; however, treatment of 1 with peroxytrifluoroacetic acid (PTFA) gave 3,6-diamino-1,2,4,5-tetrazine 1-oxide (4) as the major product along with a small amount of 3-amino-6-nitro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine 2,4-dioxide (5). Oxidation of 3,6-bis(S,S-dimethylsulfilimino)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (6) with 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (MCPBA) gave 3-S,S-(dimethylsulfilimino)-6-nitroso-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (7), which was oxidized further with dimethyldioxirane to 3-(S,S-dimethylsulfoximino)-6-nitro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (8). All attempts to obtain 3,6-dinitro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (2) by further oxidation of 7 or 8 failed. RP COBURN, MD (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 6 TC 33 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 7 PU HETERO CORPORATION PI TAMPA PA BOX 20285, TAMPA, FL 33622-0285 SN 0022-152X J9 J HETEROCYCLIC CHEM JI J. Heterocycl. Chem. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1593 EP 1595 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA MR558 UT WOS:A1993MR55800023 ER PT J AU ASFAW, B BEYENE, Y SEMAW, S SUWA, G WHITE, T WOLDEGABRIEL, G AF ASFAW, B BEYENE, Y SEMAW, S SUWA, G WHITE, T WOLDEGABRIEL, G TI TEPHRA FROM FEJEJ, ETHIOPIA - A REPLY SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION LA English DT Article ID KOOBI FORA; TURKANA; KENYA C1 RUTGERS UNIV,DEPT ANTHROPOL,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903. UNIV TOKYO,DEPT ANTHROPOL,BUNKYO KU,TOKYO 113,JAPAN. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT ANTHROPOL,HUMAN EVOLUT LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87544. RP ASFAW, B (reprint author), PALEOANTHROPOL LAB,POB 5717,ADDIS ABABA,ETHIOPIA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0047-2484 J9 J HUM EVOL JI J. Hum. Evol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 25 IS 6 BP 519 EP 521 DI 10.1006/jhev.1993.1065 PG 3 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA MM555 UT WOS:A1993MM55500005 ER PT J AU MA, J KIM, SB HRUBESH, LW CHAN, MHW AF MA, J KIM, SB HRUBESH, LW CHAN, MHW TI PHASE-SEPARATION OF HE-3-HE-4 MIXTURE IN AEROGEL SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Satellite Conference on the Role of the Condensate and Vorticity in Dense Bose Systems, at the 20th International Low Temperate Physics Conference ( LT20 ) CY AUG 01-03, 1993 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP NASA, JET PROPULS LAB, MICROGRAV PROGRAM, UNIV MINNESOTA, THEORET PHYS INST, UNIV MINNESOTA, SCH PHYS & ASTRON ID SUPERFLUID TRANSITION; CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; DISORDER; SYSTEMS; MEDIA; FILMS; HE-4 AB Torsional oscillator measurements of He-3-He-4 mixtures confined in aerogel show evidence of a well defined phase separation region. This region is detached from the superfluid transition line, opening up a region of miscible superfluid mixture at high He-3 concentration. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,UNIV PK,PA 16802. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 93 IS 5-6 BP 945 EP 955 DI 10.1007/BF00692041 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA MM058 UT WOS:A1993MM05800008 ER PT J AU MA, M NISAMANEEPHONG, P ZHANG, LZ AF MA, M NISAMANEEPHONG, P ZHANG, LZ TI GROUND-STATE AND EXCITATIONS OF DISORDERED BOSON SYSTEMS SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTOR-INSULATOR TRANSITION; LOCALIZATION; SUPERFLUIDITY; ONSET; LIMIT; MODEL AB After an introduction to the dirty bosons problem, we present a gaussian theory for the ground state and excitations. This approach is physically equivalent to the Bogoliubov approximation. We find that ODLRO can be destroyed with sufficient disorder. The density of states and localization of the elementary excitations are discussed. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, KNOXVILLE, TN 37996 USA. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, DIV SOLID STATE, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. RP UNIV CINCINNATI, DEPT PHYS, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 USA. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 EI 1573-7357 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 93 IS 5-6 BP 957 EP 969 DI 10.1007/BF00692042 PG 13 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA MM058 UT WOS:A1993MM05800009 ER PT J AU DIERCKS, DR AF DIERCKS, DR TI ANALYSIS OF FAILED NUCLEAR-PLANT COMPONENTS SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Session 2: Failure Analysis and Reliability, at the ASM Materials Week CY 1992 CL CHICAGO, IL SP AMER SOC MET INT DE CORROSION; DECONTAMINATION; FAILURE; FAILURE ANALYSIS; INTERGRANULAR STRESS CORROSION CRACKING (IGSCC); NUCLEAR; NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS; NUCLEAR REACTOR COOLANT PIPING; PUMP SEAL WEAR RINGS; PUMP SHAFT CRACKING; STRESS CORROSION CRACKING; TRANSGRANULAR STRESS CORROSION CRACKING (TGSCC) AB Argonne National Laboratory has conducted analyses of failed components from nuclear power-generating stations since 1974. The considerations involved in working with and analyzing radioactive components are reviewed here, and the decontamination of these components is discussed. Analyses of four failed components from nuclear plants are then described to illustrate the kinds of failures seen in service. The failures discussed are (1) intergranular stress-corrosion cracking of core spray injection piping in a boiling water reactor, (2) failure of canopy seal welds in adapter tube assemblies in the control rod drive head of a pressurized water reactor, (3) thermal fatigue of a recirculation pump shaft in a boiling water reactor, and (4) failure of pump seal wear rings by nickel leaching in a boiling water reactor. RP DIERCKS, DR (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT & COMPONENTS TECHNOL,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 2 IS 6 BP 799 EP 806 DI 10.1007/BF02645680 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA MT843 UT WOS:A1993MT84300003 ER PT J AU KONG, FM LEMAY, JD HULSEY, SS ALVISO, CT PEKALA, RW AF KONG, FM LEMAY, JD HULSEY, SS ALVISO, CT PEKALA, RW TI GAS-PERMEABILITY OF CARBON AEROGELS SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Carbon aerogels are synthesized via the aqueous polycondensation of resorcinol with formaldehyde, followed by supercritical drying and subsequent pyrolysis at 1050-degrees-C. As a result of their interconnected porosity, ultrafine cell/pore size, and high surface area, carbon aerogels have many potential applications such as supercapacitors, battery electrodes, catalyst supports, and gas filters. The performance of carbon aerogels in the latter two applications depends on the permeability or gas flow conductance in these materials. By measuring the pressure differential across a thin specimen and the nitrogen gas flow rate in the viscous regime, the permeability of carbon aerogels was calculated from equations based upon Darcy's law. Our measurements.show that carbon aerogels have permeabilities on the order of 10(-12) to 10(-10) cm2 over the density range from 0.05-0.44 g/cm3. Like many other aerogel properties, the permeability of carbon aerogels follows a power law relationship with density, reflecting differences in the average mesopore size. Comparing the results from this study with the permeability of silica aerogels reported by other workers, we found that the permeability of aerogels is governed by a simple universal flow equation. This paper discusses the relationship among permeability, pore size, and density in carbon aerogels. RP KONG, FM (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM & MAT SCI,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 17 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 11 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MC KNIGHT ROAD SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 8 IS 12 BP 3100 EP 3105 DI 10.1557/JMR.1993.3100 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA MK702 UT WOS:A1993MK70200012 ER PT J AU HAN, D KIM, YS NOZ, ME YEH, LW AF HAN, D KIM, YS NOZ, ME YEH, LW TI SYMMETRIES OF 2-MODE SQUEEZED STATES SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM AB It is known that the symmetry of two-mode squeezed states is governed by the group Sp(4) which is locally isomorphic to the O(3,2) de Sitter group. It is shown that this complicated ten-parameter group can be regarded as a product of two three-parameter Sp(2) groups. It is shown also that two coupled harmonic oscillators serve as a physical basis for the symmetry decomposition. It is shown further that the concept of entropy is needed when one of the two modes is not observed. The entropy is zero when the system is uncoupled. The system reaches thermal equilibrium when the entropy becomes maximal. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT PHYS,COLL PK,MD 20742. NYU,DEPT RADIOL,NEW YORK,NY 10016. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720. LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP HAN, D (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,CODE 902,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0022-2488 J9 J MATH PHYS JI J. Math. Phys. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 34 IS 12 BP 5493 EP 5508 DI 10.1063/1.530318 PG 16 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA MJ909 UT WOS:A1993MJ90900006 ER PT J AU MARSHALL, S AF MARSHALL, S TI THE HOLY HOUSEHOLD - WOMEN AND MORALS IN REFORMATION AUGSBURG - ROPER,L SO JOURNAL OF MODERN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review RP MARSHALL, S (reprint author), US DOE,WASHINGTON,DC 20545, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-2801 J9 J MOD HIST JI J. Mod. Hist. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 65 IS 4 BP 887 EP 889 DI 10.1086/244765 PG 3 WC History SC History GA MM549 UT WOS:A1993MM54900059 ER PT J AU BRANZ, HM ASHER, S NELSON, BP KEMP, M AF BRANZ, HM ASHER, S NELSON, BP KEMP, M TI HYDROGEN DIFFUSION MECHANISM IN AMORPHOUS-SILICON FROM DEUTERIUM TRACER STUDIES SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Amorphous Semiconductors CY SEP 06-10, 1993 CL CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SP IUPAP, HITACHI LTD, FUJI ELECT CO LTD, INT COMMUN SPECIALISTS, BNR STL, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, INST MAT, INST ELECT ENGINEERS, INT SCI FDN, WELSH DEV AGCY, SANYO ELECT CO LTD, KANEKA CORP, OXFORD INSTRUMENTS LTD, ICI ZENECA, IBM US, INST PHYS, ROYAL SOC, BRIT COUNCIL, BANK SCOTLAND AB We study D tracer diffusion in hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) by annealing sandwich structures of a-Si:H/a-Si:H:D/a-Si:H. Our experimental D profiles are fit well by the analytic solutions that we derive for a trap-controlled diffusion model. For anneals shorter than the deep H release time, the D profiles follow the as-grown profiles except for exponential wings at low concentration. The wing amplitude increases nearly linearly with time. In the long-time limit, the solutions are identical to the trap-free case, but with an effective diffusion coefficient that can be calculated from features of the early-time tracer profiles. We measure parameters of H diffusion including the H release time from deep traps and the mean displacement of free H before retrapping. We discuss implications of these results for models of H trapping in a-Si:H. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. RP BRANZ, HM (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD DEC PY 1993 VL 166 BP 269 EP 272 PN 1 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA MT012 UT WOS:A1993MT01200065 ER PT J AU SCHIFF, EA BRANZ, HM HAN, DX MELCHER, DC SILVER, M AF SCHIFF, EA BRANZ, HM HAN, DX MELCHER, DC SILVER, M TI PHOTOCARRIER DRIFT AND RECOMBINATION IN A-SI-H - THE VITAL IMPORTANCE OF DEFECT RELAXATION SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Amorphous Semiconductors CY SEP 06-10, 1993 CL CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SP IUPAP, HITACHI LTD, FUJI ELECT CO LTD, INT COMMUN SPECIALISTS, BNR STL, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, INST MAT, INST ELECT ENGINEERS, INT SCI FDN, WELSH DEV AGCY, SANYO ELECT CO LTD, KANEKA CORP, OXFORD INSTRUMENTS LTD, ICI ZENECA, IBM US, INST PHYS, ROYAL SOC, BRIT COUNCIL, BANK SCOTLAND AB A model for steady-state and transient photoconductivity incorporating slow atomic relaxation effects for an electron trap is presented. Relaxation effects of this type were recently proposed to account for transient capacitance measurements in a-Si:H. The model accounts for the typical power-law dependence of the steady-state photocurrent upon illumination rate observed in a-Si:H, and is consistent with most features of transient photocurrent measurements measured under optical bias. C1 NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO 80401. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT PHYS,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. RP SCHIFF, EA (reprint author), SYRACUSE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,SYRACUSE,NY 13244, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD DEC PY 1993 VL 166 BP 331 EP 334 PN 1 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA MT012 UT WOS:A1993MT01200080 ER PT J AU KANICKI, J WARREN, WL AF KANICKI, J WARREN, WL TI DEFECTS IN AMORPHOUS HYDROGENATED SILICON-NITRIDE FILMS SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Amorphous Semiconductors - Science and Technology CY SEP 06-10, 1993 CL CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND ID NITROGEN DANGLING-BOND; ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; PARAMAGNETIC DEFECTS; CORRELATION-ENERGY; 1ST OBSERVATION; THIN-FILMS; CENTERS; CHARGE; ILLUMINATION; STATES AB In this paper we review the structural identification and electronic properties of the K- and N-centers, and positive charges in as-deposited and UV-illuminated amorphous silicon nitride thin films. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ADV MAT LAB,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87106. RP KANICKI, J (reprint author), IBM CORP,THOMAS J WATSON RES CTR,DIV RES,YORKTOWN HTS,NY 10598, USA. RI Kanicki, Jerzy/E-2753-2016 OI Kanicki, Jerzy/0000-0002-3649-8360 NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD DEC PY 1993 VL 166 BP 1055 EP 1060 PN 2 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA MT782 UT WOS:A1993MT78200099 ER PT J AU KHANDAGLE, MJ HIROOKA, Y CONN, RW BROOKS, JN HASSANEIN, A TURKOT, RB AF KHANDAGLE, MJ HIROOKA, Y CONN, RW BROOKS, JN HASSANEIN, A TURKOT, RB TI IMPURITY TRANSPORT UNDER STEADY-STATE MAGNETIZED PLASMA BOMBARDMENT IN PISCES-B MOD SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE; GRAPHITE AB Erosion and redeposition of materials is a critical issue in determining the lifetime of plasma-facing components as well as the plasma cleanliness in fusion reactors. In this work, both experimental and modeling efforts have been made to understand the fundamental aspects of the materials erosion and redeposition behavior under plasma bombardment, using the PISCES-B Mod facility, the WBC impurity transport code, and the VFTRIM and ITMC surface codes. A small impurity source made of molybdenum or boron embedded in a host surface of graphite is exposed to a steady-state, magnetically confined argon plasma. The plasma density is about 2x10(12) cm(-3), and the electron temperature is about 18 eV. The ion bombarding energy to the surface is set at 100 and 150 eV. The magnetic field is about 500 G. Under these experimental conditions, about 70% of the sputtered impurity atoms are calculated to be redeposited on the graphite surface, resulting in a distribution of impurity atom concentration on the graphite surface. The measured impurity redeposition profile indicates a decay across the magnetic field, and reaches a steady-state profile after a certain plasma exposure time. A good agreement has been found between the experimental data and the results of modeling. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT NUCL ENGN,URBANA,IL 61801. RP KHANDAGLE, MJ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,INST PLASMA & FUS RES,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024, USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 207 BP 116 EP 122 DI 10.1016/0022-3115(93)90253-U PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA ML001 UT WOS:A1993ML00100010 ER PT J AU PAWEL, SJ AF PAWEL, SJ TI COMPATIBILITY OF POTENTIAL CONTAINMENT MATERIALS WITH MOLTEN LITHIUM HYDRIDE AT 800-DEGREES-C SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CORROSION; STEEL AB A series of compatibility experiments has been performed for several stainless steels, carbon steels, and a nickel-base alloy in molten lithium hydride at 800 degrees C for comparison with previous experiments on type 304L, stainless steel. The results indicate that the mechanism of corrosion is the same for each of 304L, 304, 316L, and 309 stainless steel and that very similar corrosion in molten LiH is expected for each stainless alloy. Deviation from parabolic kinetics at extended exposure time for each stainless alloy is attributed in part to weight gains associated with lithium penetration. Stabilized (Nb and Ti) low carbon (< 0.06%) steels are observed to be essentially inert in LiH at 800 degrees C with stable carbides and no grain growth. Mild steel (type 1020) is decarburized rapidly and exhibits extensive grain growth in LiH at 800 degrees C. Both steels exhibit weight gains during exposure to molten LiH that are also related in part to lithium penetration. Alloy X (UNS N06002) exhibits extreme corrosion with essentially linear kinetics and dissolution of nickel sufficient to form subsurface voids. C1 OAK RIDGE Y-12 PLANT,DIV DEV,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 207 BP 136 EP 152 DI 10.1016/0022-3115(93)90256-X PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA ML001 UT WOS:A1993ML00100013 ER PT J AU JANECZEK, J EWING, RC THOMAS, LE AF JANECZEK, J EWING, RC THOMAS, LE TI OXIDATION OF URANINITE - DOES TETRAGONAL U3O7 OCCUR IN NATURE SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; UO2 FUEL; THERMAL RECOVERY; IRRADIATED UO2; AIR; DEFECTS AB Samples of uraninite and pitchblende annealed at 1200 degrees C in H-2, and untreated pitchblende were sequentially oxidized in air at 180-190 degrees C, 230 degrees C, and 300 degrees C. Uraninite and untreated pitchblende oxidized to the U4O9-type oxide, and their X-ray symmetry remained isometric up to 300 degrees C. Reduced pitchblende after oxidation to U4O(2+x) and U4O9-type oxides transformed into alpha-U3O8 at 300 degrees C. Two major mechanisms control uraninite and untreated pitchblende stability during oxidation: (1) Th and/or REE maintain charge balance and block oxygen interstitials near impurity cations; (2) the uraninite structure saturates with respect to excess oxygen and radiation-induced oxygen interstitials. Untreated pitchblende during oxidation behaved similarly to irradiated UO2 in spent nuclear fuel; whereas, reduced pitchblende resembled nonirradiated UO2. An analysis of the data in the literature, as well as our own efforts to identify U3O7 in samples from Cigar Lake, Canada, failed to provide conclusive evidence of the natural occurrence of tetragonal alpha-U3O7. Most probably, reported occurrences of U3O7 are mixtures of isometric uraninites of slightly different compositions. C1 UNIV NEW MEXICO, DEPT EARTH & PLANETARY SCI, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87131 USA. PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RP JANECZEK, J (reprint author), SILESIAN UNIV, DEPT EARTH SCI, BEDZINSKA 60, PL-41200 SOSNOWIEC, POLAND. NR 45 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 207 BP 177 EP 191 DI 10.1016/0022-3115(93)90260-6 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA ML001 UT WOS:A1993ML00100017 ER PT J AU REST, J AF REST, J TI KINETICS OF FISSION-GAS-BUBBLE-NUCLEATED VOID SWELLING OF THE ALPHA-URANIUM PHASE OF IRRADIATED U-ZR AND U-PU-ZR FUEL SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIOR; METALS AB Bias-driven growth of voids is identified as a major swelling mechanism in the cw-uranium phase of irradiated U-Pu-Zr metal fuels being developed at Argonne National Laboratory for the Integral Fast Reactor (IFR). The trends in U-Pu-Zr swelling data prior to fuel/cladding contact can be interpreted in terms of unrestrained void swelling. It is theorized that the swelling mechanisms at work in the cu-uranium phase can be modeled by single-vacancy and single-interstitial kinetics, thus avoiding the use of complicated defect-interaction terms required for the calculation of void nucleation. A mechanistic model is presented wherein gas bubbles that are formed on alpha/delta phase boundaries during the incubation period act as potential nuclei for cavities. The model has the capability to predict both gas-bubble-driven swelling (overpressurized cavities) and bias-driven void swelling (underpressurized cavities), as well as the transition from one swelling mechanism to the other. The results of this study demonstrate that the relatively long incubation times characteristic of IFR swelling and gas release can be understood in terms of a reduced gas-bubble nucleation rate on the alpha/delta phase boundaries, i.e., the alpha/delta phase boundary lamellae are less efficient gas-bubble incubators than normal high angle grain boundaries. Results obtained with the model are compared with U-10Zr and U-19Pu-10Zr deformation data, and with high purity uranium swelling data. RP REST, J (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 17 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 207 BP 192 EP 204 DI 10.1016/0022-3115(93)90261-V PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA ML001 UT WOS:A1993ML00100018 ER PT J AU ELSAIED, UM OLANDER, DR AF ELSAIED, UM OLANDER, DR TI FISSION-GAS RELEASE DURING GRAIN-GROWTH IN A MICROSTRUCTURE WITH A DISTRIBUTION OF GRAIN SIZES SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY DIFFUSION; FUEL AB Fission gas diffusion from a microstructure with a distribution of grain sizes undergoing grain growth is analyzed. Hillert's theory is used to describe the evolution in grain morphology, during which some grains enlarge while others shrink and may even disappear. Limiting cases of Booth release (when only diffusion occurs) and Malen release (when grain-boundary sweeping is dominant) are derived for a body with a distribution of grain sizes. The moving boundary diffusion equation that couples the diffusion and sweeping mechanisms is derived. The grain-size distribution is divided into 25 groups for which the diffusion equations are solved numerically for the average intragranular gas concentration. The results are compared to existing single-grain-size models which, in all cases, overpredict the fractional release. Depletion of intragranular fission gas provides a source for migration via grain boundaries to the free surface. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, DEPT NUCL ENGN, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. RP ELSAIED, UM (reprint author), LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, DIV MAT SCI, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 207 BP 313 EP 326 DI 10.1016/0022-3115(93)90274-3 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA ML001 UT WOS:A1993ML00100031 ER PT J AU MUROGA, T GARNER, FA AF MUROGA, T GARNER, FA TI DISTRIBUTION OF TRANSMUTANT NICKEL FORMED IN FAST-NEUTRON IRRADIATED COPPER SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Letter C1 PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RP MUROGA, T (reprint author), KYUSHU UNIV, APPL MECH RES INST, KASUGA, FUKUOKA 816, JAPAN. RI U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015 NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 207 BP 327 EP 329 DI 10.1016/0022-3115(93)90275-4 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA ML001 UT WOS:A1993ML00100032 ER PT J AU KOPP, OC FULLER, EL SURRETT, AD AF KOPP, OC FULLER, EL SURRETT, AD TI THE EFFECT OF TRACE-ELEMENTS ON THE SURFACE OXIDATION OF H-451 GRAPHITE SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Letter C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. RP KOPP, OC (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 207 BP 333 EP 338 DI 10.1016/0022-3115(93)90277-6 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA ML001 UT WOS:A1993ML00100034 ER PT J AU GATLEY, SJ AF GATLEY, SJ TI ESTIMATION OF UPPER LIMITS ON HUMAN RADIATION ABSORBED DOSES FROM CARBON-11-LABELED COMPOUNDS SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID OVARIAN BLOOD-FLOW; CONCISE COMMUNICATION; BRAIN; BINDING; PET; DOSIMETRY; RECEPTOR; INVIVO AB Radiation absorbed dose estimates for short-lived PET tracers are commonly based on biodistributions in rodents which (because of more rapid distribution and other species differences) may have limited relevance to humans. The initial purpose of this study was to estimate an intravenously injectable quantity of C-11 which could not, on a priori grounds, exceed regulatory limits on radiation absorbed doses for individual organs. Upper limits on organ cumulative activities were estimated by assuming that C-11-labeled compounds are instantaneously distributed in the blood plasma, and then transfered solely and irreversibly to a single organ. The rate-constant (min(-1)) for each organ was taken to be its fractional cardiac output, since the plasma volume of 3 liters is recirculated each minute. The method was extended by using measured time courses of radioactivity in human arterial plasma available from previous PET studies with several C-11 compounds in place of the assumption that the injected radioactivity was initially instantaneously distributed throughout the plasma. Calculations for C-11 L-deprenyl, cogentin, cocaine, N-methylspiperone, putrescine and 2-deoxy-D-glucose, assuming transfer limited to a single organ, gave the kidneys rather than the thyroid as critical organ in each case. The upper-limit self-doses were 140, 210, 320, 360, 450 and 750 mrad/mCi, respectively, indicating that 34, 24, 15, 14 and 6.5 mCi, respectively, could be administered in a single PET study. These results suggest a strategy for human studies with C-11-labeled compounds: a preliminary study at the 3.5-mCi level would yield C-11 arterial plasma data which could in turn be used to give a refined upper limit on radiation absorbed doses. For many C-11 compounds, this strategy would demonstrate that sufficient radioactivity could be injected to give acceptable human PET images and would avoid the death of animals for biodistribution studies. RP GATLEY, SJ (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS15638] NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 20190-5316 SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 34 IS 12 BP 2208 EP 2215 PG 8 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA MK579 UT WOS:A1993MK57900037 PM 8254413 ER PT J AU LENHART, S WILSON, DG AF LENHART, S WILSON, DG TI OPTIMAL-CONTROL OF A HEAT-TRANSFER PROBLEM WITH CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-CONDITION SO JOURNAL OF OPTIMIZATION THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE OPTIMAL CONTROL; HEAT EQUATION; CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY CONDITION; OPTIMALITY SYSTEM ID OPTIMAL DAMPING CONTROL; SYSTEMS AB We consider the problem of controlling the solution of the heat equation with the convective boundary condition taking the heat transfer coefficient as the control. We take as our cost functional the sum of the L2-norms of the control and the difference between the temperature attained and the desired temperature. We establish the existence of solutions of the underlying initial boundary-value problem and of an optimal control that minimizes the cost functional. We derive an optimality system by formally differentiating the cost functional with respect to the control and evaluating the result at an optimal control. We show how the solution depends in a differentiable way on the control using appropriate a priori estimates. We establish existence and uniqueness of the solution of the optimality system, and thus determine the unique optimal control in terms of the solution of the optimality system. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENGN PHYS & MATH,MATH SCI SECT,OAK RIDGE,TN. IBM CORP,HIGHLY PARALLEL SUPERCOMP SYST LAB,KINGSTON,NY 12401. RP LENHART, S (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT MATH,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996, USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0022-3239 J9 J OPTIMIZ THEORY APP JI J. Optim. Theory Appl. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 79 IS 3 BP 581 EP 597 DI 10.1007/BF00940560 PG 17 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA MR315 UT WOS:A1993MR31500009 ER PT J AU SCHMIDT, H STAPP, H AF SCHMIDT, H STAPP, H TI PK WITH PRERECORDED RANDOM EVENTS AND THE EFFECTS OF PREOBSERVATION SO JOURNAL OF PARAPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TARGETS AB This is the fifth experiment in which the first author, using PK tests with prerecorded random events, tried to channel evidence for PK to an independent observer, the second author in the present case. This experiment contained two new elements. First, the effect of preobservation of the prerecorded events was studied by having preobserved and not-preobserved random events interlaced. Second, the study focused on martial arts students in the hope that they might prove to be particularly successful performers. The final score of the not-preobserved events, where we expected positive scores, was only slightly positive (z = 1.23). Combined with the results of four previous similar experiments, however, it strengthens the total evidence for PK effects on prerecorded events under external supervision from all such experiments (z = 3.69, p = .00011). The scores of the preobserved events, where we expected chance scoring, turned out negative (z = - 0.93). C1 MIND SCI FDN,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78209. LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV PHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU PARAPSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI DURHAM PA PO BOX 6847 COLLEGE STATION, DURHAM, NC 27708 SN 0022-3387 J9 J PARAPSYCHOL JI J. Parapsychol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 57 IS 4 BP 331 EP 349 PG 19 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA NW922 UT WOS:A1993NW92200001 ER PT J AU MALONE, RD AF MALONE, RD TI NATURAL-GAS R-AND-D SO JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP MALONE, RD (reprint author), US DOE,MORGANTOWN,WV, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PETROLEUM ENG PI RICHARDSON PA 222 PALISADES CREEK DR, RICHARDSON, TX 75080 SN 0149-2136 J9 J PETROL TECHNOL JI J. Pet. Technol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 45 IS 12 BP 1120 EP 1120 PG 1 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Petroleum; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Geology GA ML256 UT WOS:A1993ML25600001 ER PT J AU GEIDER, RJ LAROCHE, J GREENE, RM OLAIZOLA, M AF GEIDER, RJ LAROCHE, J GREENE, RM OLAIZOLA, M TI RESPONSE OF THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC APPARATUS OF PHAEODACTYLUM-TRICORNUTUM (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE) TO NITRATE, PHOSPHATE, OR IRON STARVATION SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTION; BACILLARIOPHYCEAE; DIADINOXANTHIN; DIATOXANTHIN; FLUORESCENCE QUENCHING; FUCOXANTHIN-CHLOROPHYLL-PROTEIN COMPLEX; NUTRIENT LIMITATION; PHAEODACTYLUM-TRICORNUTUM; REACTION CENTER-II; WESTERN BLOT ID CHLOROPHYTE DUNALIELLA-TERTIOLECTA; DINOFLAGELLATE GONYAULAX-POLYEDRA; ISOCHRYSIS-GALBANA HAPTOPHYCEAE; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; LIGHT-INTENSITY; MARINE DIATOM; NITROGEN LIMITATION; O-2 EVOLUTION; QUANTUM YIELD; PHOTON YIELD AB The effects of nitrate, Phosphate, and iron starvation and resupply on photosynthetic pigments, selected photosynthetic proteins, and photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry were examined in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin (CCMP1327). Although cell chlorophyll a (chl a) content decreased in nutrient-starved cells, the ratios of light-harvesting accessory pigments (chl c and fucoxanthin) to chl a were unaffected by nutrient starvation. The chl a-specific light absorption coefficient (a*BAR) and the functional absorption cross-section of PSII (sigma) increased during nutrient starvation, consistent with reduction of intracellular self-shading (i. e. a reduction of the ''package effect'') as cells became chlorotic. The light-harvesting complex proteins remained a constant proportion of total cell protein during nutrient starvation, indicating that chlorosis mirrored a general reduction in cell protein content. The ratio of the xanthophyll cycle pigments diatoxanthin and diadinoxanthin to chl a increased during nutrient starvation. These pigments are thought to play a photoprotective role by increasing dissipation of excitation energy in the pigment bed upstream from the reaction centers. Despite the increase in diatoxanthin and diadinoxanthin, the efficiency of PSII photochemistry, as measured by the ratio Of variable to maximum fluorescence (F(nu)/F(m)) of dark adapted cells, declined markedly under nitrate and iron starvation and moderately under phosphate starvation. Parallel to changes in F(nu)/F(m) were decreases in abundance of the reaction center protein D1 consistent with damage of PSII reaction centers in nutrient-starved cells. The relative abundance of the carboxylating enzyme, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RUBISCO), decreased in response to nitrate and iron starvation but not phosphate starvation. Most marked was the decline in the abundance of the small subunit of RUBISCO in nitrate-starved cells. The changes in pigment content and fluorescence characteristics were typically reversed within 24 h of resupply of the limiting nutrient, C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DIV OCEANOG & ATMOSPHER SCI,UPTON,NY 11973. RP GEIDER, RJ (reprint author), UNIV DELAWARE,COLL MARINE STUDIES,LEWES,DE 19958, USA. RI LaRoche, Julie/A-1109-2010; Greene, Richard/G-9685-2013 NR 81 TC 257 Z9 279 U1 8 U2 57 PU PHYCOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 29 IS 6 BP 755 EP 766 DI 10.1111/j.0022-3646.1993.00755.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA MR550 UT WOS:A1993MR55000004 ER PT J AU LAROCHE, J GEIDER, RJ GRAZIANO, LM MURRAY, H LEWIS, K AF LAROCHE, J GEIDER, RJ GRAZIANO, LM MURRAY, H LEWIS, K TI INDUCTION OF SPECIFIC PROTEINS IN EUKARYOTIC ALGAE GROWN UNDER IRON-DEFICIENT, PHOSPHORUS-DEFICIENT, OR NITROGEN-DEFICIENT CONDITIONS SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BACILLARIOPHYCEAE; CHLOROPHYTA; DUNALIELLA-TERTIOLECTA; FLAVODOXIN; IRON; NITROGEN; NUTRIENT LIMITATION; PHAEODACTYLUM-TRICORNUTUM; PHOSPHORUS; PHYTOPLANKTON ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC ENERGY-CONVERSION; AMINO-ACID SEQUENCE; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; LIMITATION; FLAVODOXIN; GENE; SEA; DIATOM; CARBON; RATES AB What limits phytoplankton growth in nature? The answer is elusive because of methodological problems associated with bottle incubations and nutrient addition experiments. We are investigating the possibility that antibodies to proteins repressed by a specific nutrient can be used as probes to indicate which nutrient limits photosynthetic carbon fixation in the ocean. The diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin and the chlorophyte Dunaliella tertiolecta Butcher were grown in batch cultures in artificial seawater and f/2 nutrient lacking either phosphorus, iron, or nitrogen. Chlorosis was induced by nutrient limitation in both species with the exception of phosphorus-limited D. tertiolecta. The synthesis and appearance of specific proteins were followed by labeling with C-14-bicarbonate. Nutrient limitation in general leads to a decrease in the quantum efficiency of photosystem II, suggesting that deficiency of any nutrient affects the photosynthetic apparatus to some degree; however, the effect of nitrogen and iron limitation on quantum efficiency is more severe than that of phosphorus. A crude fractionation of the soluble and membrane proteins demonstrated that the large proteins induced under limitation by phosphorus and iron were associated with the membranes. However, small iron-repressible proteins were located in the soluble fraction. Isolation with anion-exchange chromatography and N-terminal sequencing of iron-repressible, 23-kDa proteins from D. tertiolecta, P. tricornutum, and Chaetoceros gracilis revealed that these small soluble proteins have strong homology with the N-terminal sequence of flavodoxins from Azotobacter and Clostridium. The identity of the flavodoxin from D. tertiolecta was confirmed by immunodetection using anti-flavodoxin raised against Chlorella. Flavodoxin was detected only under iron deprivation and was absent from nitrogen- and phosphorus-limited algae. Flavodoxin is a prime candidate for a molecular probe of iron limitation in the ocean. The requirements to confirm its utility in nature are discussed. C1 UNIV DELAWARE,COLL MARINE STUDIES,LEWES,DE 19958. SOUTHAMPTON COLL,SOUTHAMPTON,NY 11968. RP LAROCHE, J (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. RI LaRoche, Julie/A-1109-2010 NR 46 TC 114 Z9 114 U1 19 U2 48 PU PHYCOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 29 IS 6 BP 767 EP 777 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA MR550 UT WOS:A1993MR55000005 ER PT J AU WANG, HH SCHLUETER, JA COOPER, AC SMART, JL WHITTEN, ME GEISER, U CARLSON, KD WILLIAMS, JM WELP, U DUDEK, JD CALECA, MA AF WANG, HH SCHLUETER, JA COOPER, AC SMART, JL WHITTEN, ME GEISER, U CARLSON, KD WILLIAMS, JM WELP, U DUDEK, JD CALECA, MA TI FULLERENE DERIVATIVES AND FULLERENE SUPERCONDUCTORS SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE C60; DIELS-ALDER REACTIONS; RB3C60; SYNTHESIS; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; EG C60 (CYCLOPENTADIENE) ID C-60; RBXC60 AB A series of 1:1 C60 cycloaddition adducts, C60 A (A = anthracene, butadiene, cyclopentadiene and methylcyclopentadiene), has been synthesized. The products are cleanly separated and characterized by use of TGA, H-1-NMR, IR, and mass spectrometry. Among these adducts, C60 (methylcyclopentadiene) showed the highest thermal stability and was doped with three equivalents of rubidium. The resulting Rb3C60 (MeCp) is a semiconductor but can be thermally converted to the superconducting Rb3C60 through a retro-Diels-Alder reaction. A one-step doping process to prepare Rb3C60 crystals has been developed. The optimal doping condition occurs at approximately 300-degrees-C. High superconducting shielding fractions between 60 and 90% and sharp transition widths (DELTAT10-90 between 4 and 0.7 K) were measured for these samples. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP WANG, HH (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD DEC PY 1993 VL 54 IS 12 BP 1655 EP 1666 DI 10.1016/0022-3697(93)90279-Z PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA NA074 UT WOS:A1993NA07400004 ER PT J AU LOUIE, SG SHIRLEY, EL AF LOUIE, SG SHIRLEY, EL TI ELECTRON-EXCITATION ENERGIES IN FULLERITES - MANY-ELECTRON AND MOLECULAR ORIENTATIONAL EFFECTS SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE C60; QUASI-PARTICLE ENERGY; BAND GAP; BAND WIDTH; PHOTOEMISSION ID SOLID C-60; INVERSE PHOTOEMISSION; GROUND-STATE; ALKALI-METAL; DOPED C-60; BAND-GAPS; SEMICONDUCTORS; C60; SPECTROSCOPY; INSULATORS AB The presence of strong electron correlations in the fullerites has been suggested, in part due to the underestimation of the band pp by local density functional calculations in solid C60, and due to the apparent lack of dispersion seen in angle-resolved photoemission data. By using a first-principles quasiparticle approach to include correlation contributions to electron excitation energies, we find a significant improvement in agreement with experiment for the band gap in undoped, solid C60 (2.15 eV vs 1.9-2.6 eV in experiment, as compared to 1.0-1.2 eV obtained in local density functional theory). We also find similar improvement in other spectroscopic quantities. Meanwhile, we find a combination of factors which, together, nearly completely eliminate the signatures of dispersion seen in angle-resolved photoemission measurements. These factors include orientational disorder, the lack of definition of crystal momentum normal to the surface, and the multi-band nature of this system. Our results suggest that, although correlation effects are sizable, solid C60 may nonetheless be viewed as a standard band insulator with molecular orientational disorder. Since screening effects should change drastically with the addition of electrons in the alkali fullerides, the results of the present quasiparticle calculations would not carry over directly to such cases. However, our results may help guide the development of model Hamiltonians which are to be used in studying those systems. C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, DIV MAT SCI, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. RP UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, DEPT PHYS, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. NR 61 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 EI 1879-2553 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD DEC PY 1993 VL 54 IS 12 BP 1767 EP 1777 DI 10.1016/0022-3697(93)90289-4 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA NA074 UT WOS:A1993NA07400014 ER PT J AU FISCHER, JE MARUYAMA, Y COX, DE SHELTON, RN AF FISCHER, JE MARUYAMA, Y COX, DE SHELTON, RN TI PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF FULLERENE-BASED SOLIDS .2. PREFACE SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 INST MOLEC SCI,OKAZAKI,AICHI 444,JAPAN. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP FISCHER, JE (reprint author), UNIV PENN,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD DEC PY 1993 VL 54 IS 12 BP R5 EP R5 DI 10.1016/0022-3697(93)90276-W PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA NA074 UT WOS:A1993NA07400001 ER PT J AU ADAMOVICH, MI AGGARWAL, MM ALEXANDROV, YA ANDREEVA, NP ANZON, ZV ARORA, R AVETYAN, FA BADYAL, SK BASOVA, E BHALLA, KB BHASIN, A BHATIA, VS BOGDANOV, VG BUBNOV, VI BURNETT, TH CAI, X CHASNIKOV, IY CHERNOVA, LP CHERNYAVSKY, MM ELIGBAEVA, GZ EREMENKO, LE GAITINOV, AS GANSSAUGE, ER GARPMAN, S GERASSIMOV, SG GROTE, J GULAMOV, KG GUPTA, SK GUPTA, VK HECKMAN, HH HUANG, H JAKOBSSON, B JUDEK, B JUST, L KACHROO, S KALYACHKINA, GS KANYGINA, EK KARABOVA, M KAUL, GL KITROO, S KHARLAMOV, SP KRASNOV, SA KULIKOVA, S KUMAR, V LAL, P LARIONOVA, VG LEPETAN, VN LIU, LS LOKANATHAN, S LORD, J LUKICHEVA, NS LUO, SB MAKSIMKINA, TN MANGOTRA, LK MARUTYAN, NA MASLENNIKOVA, NV MITTRA, IS MOOKERJEE, S NASRULAEVA, H NASYROV, SH NAVOTNY, VS NYSTRAND, J ORLOVA, GI OTTERLUND, I PALSANIA, HS PERESADKO, NG PETROV, NV PLYUSHCHEV, VA QARSHIEV, DA QIAN, WY QIN, YN RANIWALA, R RANIWALA, S RAO, NK RAPPOPORT, VM RHEE, JT SAIDKHANOV, N SALMANOVA, NA SARKISOVA, LG SARKISYAN, VR SHABRATOVA, GS SHAKHOVA, TI SHPILEV, N SKELDING, D SODERSTROM, K SOLOVJEVA, ZI STENLUND, E SURIN, EL SVECHNIKOVA, LN TOLSTOV, KD TOTHOVA, M TRETYAKOVA, MI TROFIMOVA, TP TULEEVA, U VOKAL, S WANG, HQ WENG, ZQ WILKES, RJ XIA, YL XU, GV ZHANG, DH ZHENG, PY ZHOKHOVA, SI ZHOU, DC AF ADAMOVICH, MI AGGARWAL, MM ALEXANDROV, YA ANDREEVA, NP ANZON, ZV ARORA, R AVETYAN, FA BADYAL, SK BASOVA, E BHALLA, KB BHASIN, A BHATIA, VS BOGDANOV, VG BUBNOV, VI BURNETT, TH CAI, X CHASNIKOV, IY CHERNOVA, LP CHERNYAVSKY, MM ELIGBAEVA, GZ EREMENKO, LE GAITINOV, AS GANSSAUGE, ER GARPMAN, S GERASSIMOV, SG GROTE, J GULAMOV, KG GUPTA, SK GUPTA, VK HECKMAN, HH HUANG, H JAKOBSSON, B JUDEK, B JUST, L KACHROO, S KALYACHKINA, GS KANYGINA, EK KARABOVA, M KAUL, GL KITROO, S KHARLAMOV, SP KRASNOV, SA KULIKOVA, S KUMAR, V LAL, P LARIONOVA, VG LEPETAN, VN LIU, LS LOKANATHAN, S LORD, J LUKICHEVA, NS LUO, SB MAKSIMKINA, TN MANGOTRA, LK MARUTYAN, NA MASLENNIKOVA, NV MITTRA, IS MOOKERJEE, S NASRULAEVA, H NASYROV, SH NAVOTNY, VS NYSTRAND, J ORLOVA, GI OTTERLUND, I PALSANIA, HS PERESADKO, NG PETROV, NV PLYUSHCHEV, VA QARSHIEV, DA QIAN, WY QIN, YN RANIWALA, R RANIWALA, S RAO, NK RAPPOPORT, VM RHEE, JT SAIDKHANOV, N SALMANOVA, NA SARKISOVA, LG SARKISYAN, VR SHABRATOVA, GS SHAKHOVA, TI SHPILEV, N SKELDING, D SODERSTROM, K SOLOVJEVA, ZI STENLUND, E SURIN, EL SVECHNIKOVA, LN TOLSTOV, KD TOTHOVA, M TRETYAKOVA, MI TROFIMOVA, TP TULEEVA, U VOKAL, S WANG, HQ WENG, ZQ WILKES, RJ XIA, YL XU, GV ZHANG, DH ZHENG, PY ZHOKHOVA, SI ZHOU, DC TI ON THE JET-LIKE AND RING-LIKE SUBSTRUCTURE IN DISTRIBUTIONS OF PRODUCED PARTICLES IN CENTRAL HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS AT ULTRA-RELATIVISTIC ENERGIES SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED EMULSION INTERACTIONS; FLUCTUATIONS AB The azimuthal substructure of particles produced in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions is investigated. The observed substructure seems to be of stochastic nature and the features of the experimental data can be understood when effects like gamma-conversion and particle interference (HBT) are taken into account. C1 ACAD SINICA,BEIJING,PEOPLES R CHINA. LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. PANJAB UNIV,CHANDIGARH 160014,INDIA. HUNAN EDUC INST,CHANESA,PEOPLES R CHINA. JINP,DUBNA,RUSSIA. UNIV RAJASTHAN,JAIPUR 302004,RAJASTHAN,INDIA. UNIV JAMMU,JAMMU 180001,INDIA. SAFARIK UNIV,CS-04180 KOSICE,SLOVAKIA. SHANXI NORMAL UNIV,LINFEN,PEOPLES R CHINA. LUND UNIV,S-22101 LUND,SWEDEN. UNIV MARBURG,W-3550 MARBURG,GERMANY. PN LEBEDEV INST,MOSCOW,RUSSIA. NRC,OTTAWA,ON,CANADA. VG KHLOPIN RADIUM INST,ST PETERSBURG,RUSSIA. UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. TASHKENT INST NUCL PHYS,TASHKENT,UZBEKISTAN. TASHKENT INST PHYS TECH,TASHKENT,UZBEKISTAN. HUA ZHONG NORMAL UNIV,WUSHAN,PEOPLES R CHINA. YEREVAN INST PHYS,YEREVAN,ARMENIA. RP ADAMOVICH, MI (reprint author), ALMA ATA INST HIGH ENERGY PHYS,ALMA ATA,KAZAKHSTAN. RI Wilkes, R.Jeffrey/E-6011-2013; Gerassimov, Sergei/M-8779-2015; Kharlamov, Sergei/M-9612-2015; Peresadko, Natalia/M-9585-2015; Chernyavsky, Mikhail/H-7909-2014 NR 14 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 19 IS 12 BP 2035 EP 2043 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/19/12/009 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA MP446 UT WOS:A1993MP44600009 ER PT J AU ELSTER, C LIU, LC THALER, RM AF ELSTER, C LIU, LC THALER, RM TI A PRACTICAL CALCULATIONAL METHOD FOR TREATING COULOMB SCATTERING IN MOMENTUM-SPACE SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FULL-FOLDING-MODEL; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; INTERMEDIATE ENERGIES; POTENTIALS; NUCLEAR; PROTONS AB An exact and practical numerical procedure for treating the Coulomb interaction in momentum-space calculations of elastic scattering of charged particles is presented. The method is tested for various interactions over a wide charge, energy and angular momentum range and found to be accurate. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. RP ELSTER, C (reprint author), OHIO UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,ATHENS,OH 45701, USA. RI Elster, Charlotte/N-9845-2015 NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 19 IS 12 BP 2123 EP 2134 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/19/12/015 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA MP446 UT WOS:A1993MP44600015 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, DF BINDER, ND CLEMONS, GK AF ANDERSON, DF BINDER, ND CLEMONS, GK TI MILD HYPOXEMIA DOES NOT ALTER RED-BLOOD-CELL PRODUCTION IN FETAL SHEEP SO JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON LA English DT Article ID IMMUNOREACTIVE ERYTHROPOIETIN; HYPOXEMIA; LAMBS; FLOW AB 1. Fetal sheep at 120 days gestation were fitted with upper and lower body arterial and venous catheters in addition to a flow sensor and occluder placed around the aorta below the renal arteries. 2. After 7 days of recovery, the occluder was partially inflated to reduce aortic blood flow to 70 % of control. Blood flow reduction was maintained at this level for the remainder of the experiment. 3. Blood samples were taken after 60 min of blood flow reduction and again after 3 or more days of blood flow reduction. 4. There was no change in upper body arterial or venous blood pressure. Lower body arterial blood pressure decreased, as expected. Arterial P(O2) decreased while packed cell volume and haemoglobin concentration increased. There was no change in plasma erythropoietin concentrations or plasma renin activity. 5. While both red cell mass and haemoglobin mass increased during the period of the study, the rate of increase was no different from the rate of blood volume increase. C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV BIOL & MED,BERKELEY,CA 94720. OREGON HLTH SCI UNIV,DEPT PEDIAT,PORTLAND,OR 97201. RP ANDERSON, DF (reprint author), OREGON HLTH SCI UNIV,DEPT PHYSIOL,PORTLAND,OR 97201, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL42893, HL22469] NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0022-3751 J9 J PHYSIOL-LONDON JI J. Physiol.-London PD DEC PY 1993 VL 472 BP 55 EP 60 PG 6 WC Neurosciences; Physiology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA MP491 UT WOS:A1993MP49100006 PM 8145160 ER PT J AU LIANG, GL NOID, DW SUMPTER, BG WUNDERLICH, B AF LIANG, GL NOID, DW SUMPTER, BG WUNDERLICH, B TI MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS OF THE HEXAGONAL STRUCTURE OF CRYSTALS WITH LONG METHYLENE SEQUENCES SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT MEETING OF THE DIVISION OF HIGH POLYMER PHYSICS OF THE AMERICAN-PHYSICAL-SOC CY MAR 22-25, 1993 CL SEATTLE, WA SP AMER PHYS SOC, DIV HIGH POLYM PHYS DE MOLECULAR DYNAMICS; HEXAGONAL STRUCTURE OF CRYSTALS; METHYLENE ID COMPUTER-SIMULATION; CONFORMATIONAL DISORDER; STRESSED POLYETHYLENE; POLYMERS; ALKANES AB An unconstrained polymethylene crystal, consisting of 9600 CH2 groups, in which each CH2 is permitted to carry out stretching, bending, and torsional motion, has been studied at various temperatures using molecular dynamics simulations. Information about the atomistic details of the dynamics and structure of these crystals is presented. A significant disorder exists at temperatures well below the melting point. Close to melting, the disordered crystals have about 2% of gauche bonds that are distributed mainly at positions close to the surface of the crystal. The major disorder consists, however, of a collective twisting of the chains leading to a hexagonal crystal structure. The hexagonal structure of the symmetric motifs is caused by a dynamic multidomain arrangement of the chains. (C) 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT CHEM,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. RP LIANG, GL (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Sumpter, Bobby/C-9459-2013 OI Sumpter, Bobby/0000-0001-6341-0355 NR 40 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 31 IS 13 BP 1909 EP 1921 DI 10.1002/polb.1993.090311304 PG 13 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA MH764 UT WOS:A1993MH76400004 ER PT J AU BALDICK, R KAHN, E AF BALDICK, R KAHN, E TI NETWORK COSTS AND THE REGULATION OF WHOLESALE COMPETITION IN ELECTRIC-POWER SO JOURNAL OF REGULATORY ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION AB We characterize the cost function for electric power transmission. It is complex and non-linear,exhibiting scale economies over its range. The social planning problem for network transmission expansion is illustrated with a simple numerical example. The regulatory problem for joint generation and transmission cost minimization is addressed. It is shown that information asymmetries about the transmission cost function can lead to coordination losses when there is competition in the generation segment. We parametrize the tradeoff between potential coordination losses in transmission planning and benefits of competition and examine some potential alternatives for improved regulation of the transmission planning process. C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP BALDICK, R (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,AUSTIN,TX 78712, USA. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0922-680X J9 J REGUL ECON JI J. Regul. Econ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 5 IS 4 BP 367 EP 384 DI 10.1007/BF01065403 PG 18 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA MM746 UT WOS:A1993MM74600002 ER PT J AU KAHN, EP AF KAHN, EP TI REGULATING POWER - THE ECONOMICS OF ELECTRICITY IN THE INFORMATION AGE - PECHMAN,C SO JOURNAL OF REGULATORY ECONOMICS LA English DT Book Review RP KAHN, EP (reprint author), LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0922-680X J9 J REGUL ECON JI J. Regul. Econ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 5 IS 4 BP 441 EP 442 DI 10.1007/BF01065408 PG 2 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA MM746 UT WOS:A1993MM74600007 ER PT J AU DRUM, AS SIEBENS, TL CRECELIUS, EA ELSTON, RA AF DRUM, AS SIEBENS, TL CRECELIUS, EA ELSTON, RA TI DOMOIC ACID IN THE PACIFIC RAZOR CLAM SILIQUA-PATULA (DIXON, 1789) SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE DOMOIC ACID; RAZOR CLAM; SILIQUA-PATULA; NEUROTOXIN ID MUSSELS MYTILUS-EDULIS; PRINCE-EDWARD-ISLAND; DEPURATION; SHELLFISH AB In the fall of 1991 domoic acid was discovered in coastal Pacific razor clams Siliqua patula (Dixon, 1789) in Washington and Oregon states at levels higher than acceptable for safe human consumption, thereby forcing a closure of the recreational harvest. Tissue distribution data indicated the clams maintained these elevated levels from fall through early summer of 1992 in the edible muscular tissues (mantle, siphon, adductor muscles, and muscular foot) with concentrations of toxin averaging from 23.3-50.7 mug/g. The concentration in the non-edible tissues (gill, digestive gland, gonad, and siphon tip) ranged from trace amounts to 8.4 mug/g. Clams that were dissected into edible and non edible pooled portions contained 36.4 +/- 22.6 and 13.7 +/- 7.6 mug/g, respectively. On an additional sampling date, clams were sampled fresh or were frozen whole before sampling. The concentration in the edible portion of the fresh clams averaged 16.8 +/- 11.6 mug/g, while the blood and dissection fluids contained only trace amounts of toxin. The domoic acid concentration of the frozen edible portion averaged 12.6 +/- 6.9 mug/g with meltwater levels reaching 4.2 mug/g and the dissection fluid containing up to 10.0 mug/g. Clams collected in December 1991 with elevated levels of toxin (47.9 +/- 12.7 mug/g) that were held on Strait of Juan de Fuca seawater for three months maintained this level of contamination (44.3 +/- 19.8 mug/g). Razor clams from Alaska held under identical conditions during this time period did not contain detectable levels of toxin. Razor clam tissues collected in 1985, 1990, and the summer of 1991 revealed only trace levels of toxin. RP DRUM, AS (reprint author), BATTELLE MARINE SCI LAB,439 W SEQUIM BAY RD,SEQUIM,WA 98382, USA. NR 10 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI SOUTHAMPTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, NATURAL SCIENCE DIVISION, SOUTHAMPTON COLLEGE, SOUTHAMPTON, NY 11968 SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 12 IS 2 BP 443 EP 450 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA MX612 UT WOS:A1993MX61200036 ER PT J AU RUPP, B KWAY, WL WONG, J ROGL, P FISCHER, P AF RUPP, B KWAY, WL WONG, J ROGL, P FISCHER, P TI CHROMIUM SITE-SPECIFIC CHEMISTRY AND CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE OF LICACRF6 AND RELATED CHROMIUM-DOPED LASER MATERIALS SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION C1 INST PHYS CHEM,A-1090 VIENNA,AUSTRIA. ETHZ,NEUTRONENSTREUUNG LAB,CH-5232 VILLIGEN PSI,SWITZERLAND. PSI,CH-5232 VILLIGEN PSI,SWITZERLAND. RP RUPP, B (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 107 IS 2 BP 471 EP 479 DI 10.1006/jssc.1993.1371 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA MN162 UT WOS:A1993MN16200020 ER PT J AU GANGULI, AK CORBETT, JD AF GANGULI, AK CORBETT, JD TI STRUCTURE, BONDING, AND PROPERTIES OF CAZN1-XCDXSN AND CASN0.5GE1.5 SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TERNARY PHASES C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM,AMES,IA 50011. RP GANGULI, AK (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,US DOE,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 107 IS 2 BP 480 EP 488 DI 10.1006/jssc.1993.1372 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA MN162 UT WOS:A1993MN16200021 ER PT J AU MEEGAN, GD JOHNSON, PA GUYER, RA MCCALL, KR AF MEEGAN, GD JOHNSON, PA GUYER, RA MCCALL, KR TI OBSERVATIONS OF NONLINEAR ELASTIC-WAVE BEHAVIOR IN SANDSTONE SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID GENERATION; ROCK AB An experimental investigation of nonlinear elastic wave behavior was conducted using a 2-m-long cylindrical rod of Berea sandstone in order to study the strong elastic nonlinearity that is characteristic of microcracked materials. Measurements of the displacement field at distance x from the source show rich harmonic content with harmonic amplitudes depending on x, source frequency, and source amplitude. The amplitude of the 2omega harmonic is found to grow linearly with x and as the square of both the source frequency omega and the source amplitude U. This behavior is in agreement with the predictions of nonlinear elasticity theory for a system with cubic anharmonicity. From the measured amplitude of the 2omega harmonic the parameter \beta\, a measure of the strength of the cubic anharmonicity, is found to be of order 10(4) (7.0 X 10(3) +/- 25%). This value is orders of magnitude greater than that found in ordinary uncracked materials. These results suggest that wave distortion effects due to nonlinear elasticity can be large in seismic wave propagation and significantly influence the relationship of seismic signal to seismic source. C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT PHYS,AMHERST,MA 01003. RP MEEGAN, GD (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV EARTH & ENVIRONM SCI,MAIL STOP D443,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 22 TC 79 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 94 IS 6 BP 3387 EP 3391 DI 10.1121/1.407191 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA MM126 UT WOS:A1993MM12600036 ER PT J AU HOPPER, RW AF HOPPER, RW TI COALESCENCE OF 2 VISCOUS CYLINDERS BY CAPILLARITY .1. THEORY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID STOKES-FLOW; DRIVEN; SURFACE AB The creeping plane flow of two viscous cylinders coalescing under the influence of surface tension is described theoretically in a series of three articles. Part I is a theoretical overview. The physical assumptions affecting applicability of the theory are discussed. The shape as a function of time and of the initial diameter ratio D greater-than-or-equal-to 1 is given in parametric form. For D = 1 and D = infinity the shape sequences are known exactly; for finite D > 1, a first-order differential equation is solved numerically. The time requires a quadrature. This is accurate, and easier than solving the fluid-dynamical field equations. The theory encompasses time-dependent liquid properties. RP HOPPER, RW (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM & MAT SCI,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 39 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 76 IS 12 BP 2947 EP 2952 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1993.tb06594.x PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA MM410 UT WOS:A1993MM41000001 ER PT J AU HOPPER, RW AF HOPPER, RW TI COALESCENCE OF 2 VISCOUS CYLINDERS BY CAPILLARITY .2. SHAPE EVOLUTION SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID STOKES-FLOW DRIVEN; FREE-SURFACE AB The theoretical geometry of the creeping plane-flow coalescence of two viscous cylinders driven by surface tension is described. Normalized results are given for initial diameter ratios D = (1, 2, 5, 20, infinity). Typical shapes are displayed. Time-dependencies of geometric features, and interrelationships between them, are presented graphically. The following features are noted: The relationships between reduced time and most dimensions depend rather weakly on D. There is no undercutting at the neck. Two-dimensional Frenkel theory is seriously incorrect. The theory describes experiments accurately for small times, but differences eventually appear. Their sources are uncertain. RP HOPPER, RW (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM & MAT SCI,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 22 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 76 IS 12 BP 2953 EP 2960 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1993.tb06595.x PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA MM410 UT WOS:A1993MM41000002 ER PT J AU HSUEH, CH AF HSUEH, CH TI EVALUATION OF INTERFACIAL PROPERTIES OF FIBER-REINFORCED CERAMIC COMPOSITES USING A MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES MICROPROBE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PULL-OUT STRESSES; BRITTLE-MATRIX COMPOSITES; RESIDUAL-STRESSES; ROUGHNESS AB The application of a mechanical properties microprobe to evaluate the interfacial properties of fiber-reinforced ceramic composites is addressed. The stress-displacement relation of the embedded fiber, which is subjected to an axial loading-unloading cycle, is analyzed. The interfacial bonding, Coulomb friction at the debonded interface, Poisson's effect of the loaded fiber, and residual stresses are included in the analysis, and closed-form analytical solutions are obtained. Based on the analytical solutions, a methodology is established to extract the interfacial properties from experimental stress-displacement curves. The roles of interfacial bonding, Poisson's effect, and residual axial stresses on the residual fiber displacement after complete unloading are also addressed in the present study. RP HSUEH, CH (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV METALS & CERAM,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Hsueh, Chun-Hway/G-1345-2011 NR 39 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 76 IS 12 BP 3041 EP 3050 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1993.tb06607.x PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA MM410 UT WOS:A1993MM41000014 ER PT J AU HAY, BP RUSTAD, JR HOSTETLER, CJ AF HAY, BP RUSTAD, JR HOSTETLER, CJ TI QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE STABILITY RELATIONSHIP FOR POTASSIUM-ION COMPLEXATION BY CROWN-ETHERS - A MOLECULAR MECHANICS AND AB-INITIO STUDY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ENERGY MINIMIZATION ANALYSIS; SIZE-BASED SELECTIVITY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; METAL-COMPLEXES; LARIAT ETHERS; FORCE-FIELD; CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS; MACROCYCLIC POLYETHERS; COORDINATION-COMPOUNDS AB Molecular mechanics calculations with the MM2 program were used to examine the structures and strain energies 11 hexadentate crown ether ligands and their potassium complexes. With the exception of K-O stretching parameters, all force field parameters for interactions involving the potassium ion were obtained by fitting to ab initio potential energy surfaces for selected distortions in K-O(Me)2 and K-O(Me)(Et). The K-O stretching parameters were optimized relative to crystallographic data. Comparison of the molecular mechanics results to experimental log K values that were available for all 11 crown ethers revealed the complex stability to be strongly correlated with the difference in strain energy between the uncomplexed ligand and its potassium complex. The results establish that both the K-O length preference and bonding directionality at the ether oxygen donor atom are important factors in the determination of complex stability. It is concluded that the failure to consider the orientation of the ether C-O-C moiety, relative to the metal ion, is a serious flaw in the size-match selectivity theory. C1 PACIFIC NW LAB, CTR EARTH & ENVIRONM SCI, DEPT GEOSCI, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 87 TC 96 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 115 IS 24 BP 11158 EP 11164 DI 10.1021/ja00077a013 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ML590 UT WOS:A1993ML59000013 ER PT J AU SIMMONS, CJ HITCHMAN, MA STRATEMEIER, H SCHULTZ, AJ AF SIMMONS, CJ HITCHMAN, MA STRATEMEIER, H SCHULTZ, AJ TI HIGH-PRESSURE, LOW-TEMPERATURE, SINGLE-CRYSTAL NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION STUDY OF DEUTERATED AND HYDROGENOUS AMMONIUM HEXAAQUACOPPER(II) SULFATE (TUTTONS SALT) - A PRESSURE-SWITCHABLE JAHN-TELLER DISTORTION SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PARAMAGNETIC-RES SPECTRA; ELECTRON-DENSITY; CHARGE-DENSITY; X-RAY; PARAMETERS; CENTERS; COMPLEX; DEPENDENCE; DIFFERENCE; MODEL AB The first example of a pressure-induced Jahn-Teller distortion switch has been observed in a single-crystal time-of-flight neutron diffraction study of the Tutton salt (ND4)2[CuD2O6](SO4)2 at T = 15 K, P = 1 bar (D(L) and T = 15 K, P = 1.5 kbar (D(H)). Also studied was the hydrogenous salt (NH4)2[Cu(H2O)6](SO4)2 at T = 14 K, P = 1.4 kbar (H(H)). The unit cell parameters are as follows: D(L), a = 9.451(2) angstrom, b = 12.736(3) angstrom, c = 6.096(1) angstrom, beta = 107.13(2)degrees, Z = 2, V = 701.2(3) angstrom3, space group = P2(1)/a; D(H), a = 9.136(i) angstrom, b = 12.285(2) angstrom, c = 6.371(1) angstrom, beta = 106.28(2)degrees, Z = 2, V = 686.4(2) angstrom3, space group = P2(1)/a; H(H), a = 9.068(2) angstrom, b = 12.232(2) angstrom, c = 6.340(1) angstrom, beta = 106.44(2), Z = 2, V = 674.5(2) angstrom3, space group = P2(1)/a. Application of 1.5 kbar of pressure to the deuterated crystal produces a decrease in the lengths of the a and b axes by 0.315(2) and 0.451(4) angstrom, respectively, whereas the c axis increases by 0.275(1) angstrom. Comparison of the D(L) and D(H) structures shows that the long axis of the Jahn-Teller distortion has switched by 90-degrees, i.e., Cu(1)-O(7) = 2.022(2) and Cu(1)-O(8) = 2.310(2) angstrom for D(L) vs Cu(1)-O(7) = 2.290(2) and Cu(1)-O(8) = 2.014(2) angstrom for D(H), so that the D(H) and H(H) structures are similar. For H(H) Cu(1)-O(7) = 2.272(2) and Cu(1)-O(8) = 2.005(2) angstrom. The switching of the long axis of the Jahn-Teller distortion appears to be associated with the rotation of the ND4+ ion with a concomitant change in the hydrogen bonding of the coordinated water molecules with the SO42- ions. The resulting adiabatic potential energy surfaces are calculated using tetragonal and orthorhombic strain parameters estimated from the temperature variation of the Cu-O bond lengths. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM & MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. UNIV TASMANIA,DEPT CHEM,HOBART,TAS 7001,AUSTRALIA. RP SIMMONS, CJ (reprint author), BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV HAWAII,DIV MATH & SCI,LAIE,HI 96762, USA. NR 39 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 115 IS 24 BP 11304 EP 11311 DI 10.1021/ja00077a032 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ML590 UT WOS:A1993ML59000032 ER PT J AU KVAM, PH SAMANIEGO, FJ AF KVAM, PH SAMANIEGO, FJ TI ON ESTIMATING DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS USING NOMINATION SAMPLES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE CONDITIONAL RISK; KOLMOGOROV-SMIRNOV STATISTIC; LEAST SQUARES ESTIMATION AB A nomination sample consists of independently distributed maxima from subsamples of a population with the same underlying distribution. Nomination sampling occurs when only the item with largest value is chosen from each of n independent subsamples. If the subsamples differ in size, then these observed order statistics are not identically distributed, so estimation schemes built on assumptions of independently and identically distributed (iid) data are most likely inappropriate. But we can exploit the structure of the data from the nomination sample by conditioning on the observed order of the independent maxima, and form a least squares estimator of the distribution function that minimizes risk with respect to squared error loss using an approach similar to one found in Ferguson, where the case for iid data is presented. The result is a product estimator that is consistent and compares favorably with the nonparametric maximum likelihood estimator proposed by Boyles and Samaniego, as indicated by graphs of mean squared error and Kolmogorov-Smirnov distance. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DIV STAT,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP KVAM, PH (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,TECH STAFF,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0162-1459 J9 J AM STAT ASSOC JI J. Am. Stat. Assoc. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 88 IS 424 BP 1317 EP 1322 DI 10.2307/2291272 PG 6 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA MG973 UT WOS:A1993MG97300019 ER PT J AU XUE, KH YANG, H ZHOU, YM LI, G SKOTHEIM, TA LEE, HS YANG, XQ MCBREEN, J AF XUE, KH YANG, H ZHOU, YM LI, G SKOTHEIM, TA LEE, HS YANG, XQ MCBREEN, J TI A STUDY OF THE ZN/V6O13 SECONDARY BATTERY SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OXIDE CATHODE MATERIALS; LITHIUM CELLS; V6O13 AB Galvanostatic measurements, intermittent titration experiments, and x-ray diffraction analysis indicate that the cathode reaction mechanism in a nonaqueous Zn/V6O13 secondary battery is an intercalation process. The measurements also yielded kinetic parameters such as the chemical diffusion coefficient and mobility of Zn in V6O13 as well as the partial conductivities and mobilities of electrons and ions. Cycling tests confirmed that the reversibility and stability of the cell were good. C1 MOLTECH CORP,STONY BROOK,NY 11790. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. RP XUE, KH (reprint author), NANJING NORMAL UNIV,DEPT CHEM,NANJING 210024,PEOPLES R CHINA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 140 IS 12 BP 3413 EP 3417 DI 10.1149/1.2221104 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA MQ350 UT WOS:A1993MQ35000019 ER PT J AU SPRINGER, TE WILSON, MS GOTTESFELD, S AF SPRINGER, TE WILSON, MS GOTTESFELD, S TI MODELING AND EXPERIMENTAL DIAGNOSTICS IN POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FUEL-CELLS SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MATHEMATICAL-MODEL; LOADING ELECTRODES; OXYGEN REDUCTION; PLATINUM; FILM; OPTIMIZATION; TECHNOLOGY; SIMULATION; MEMBRANES; INTERFACE AB This paper presents a fit between model and experiment for well-humidified polymer electrolyte fuel cells operated to maximum current density with a range of cathode gas compositions. The model considers, in detail, losses caused by: (i) interfacial kinetics at the Pt/ionomer interface, (ii) gas-transport and ionic-conductivity Limitations in the catalyst layer, and (iii) gas-transport limitations in the cathode backing. Our experimental data were collected with cells that utilized thin-film catalyst layers bonded directly to the membrane, and a separate catalyst-free hydrophobic backing layer. This structure allows a clearer resolution of the processes taking place in each of these distinguishable parts of the cathode. In our final comparison of model predictions with the experimental data, we stress the simultaneous fit of a family of complete polarization curves obtained for gas compositions ranging from 5 atm O-2 to a mixture of 5% O-2 in N-2, employing in each case the same model parameters for interfacial kinetics, catalyst-layer transport, and backing-layer transport. This approach allowed us to evaluate losses in the cathode backing and in the cathode catalyst layer, and thus identify the improvements required to enhance the performance of air cathodes in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Finally, we show that effects of graded depletion in oxygen along the gas flow channel can be accurately modeled using a uniform effective oxygen concentration in the flow channel, equal to the average of inlet and exit concentrations. This approach has enabled simplified and accurate consideration of oxygen utilization effects. RP SPRINGER, TE (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,ELECTR MAT & DEVICE RES GRP,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 41 TC 439 Z9 453 U1 6 U2 60 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 140 IS 12 BP 3513 EP 3526 DI 10.1149/1.2221120 PG 14 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA MQ350 UT WOS:A1993MQ35000035 ER PT J AU CHEEK, RW KELBER, JA FLEMING, JG BLEWER, RS LUJAN, RD AF CHEEK, RW KELBER, JA FLEMING, JG BLEWER, RS LUJAN, RD TI IN-SITU MONITORING OF THE PRODUCTS FROM THE SIH4+WF6 TUNGSTEN CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION PROCESS BY MICROVOLUME MOSS SPECTROMETRY SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID REDUCTION; MECHANISM; CVD AB We have used a novel application of in situ high pressure mass spectrometry to monitor the SiH4 + WF6 tungsten chemical vapor deposition process. We observed the production of both SiF4, and SiHF3, in ratios that vary with the SIH4/WF6 inlet flow ratio. The SiF4 and SiHF3 partial pressures were monitored over a tungsten coated wafer at 320 degrees C as the SiH4/WF6 inlet flow ratio was varied from a selective (0.25) to a nonselective (3.0) regime. We observed the SiHF3/SiF4 product ratio to decrease dramatically at reactant ratios associated with the onset of loss of selectivity (1-1.5). The reaction products were sampled by means of a fused silica capillary that was introduced between the reacting tungsten coated wafer and a differentially pumped mass spectrometer. Gas phase reaction and thermodiffusion effects were also observed. These data provide insight concerning loss of selectivity mechanisms, and illustrate the potential of this mass spectrometric technique for real-time in situ process control. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. RP CHEEK, RW (reprint author), UNIV N TEXAS,CTR MAT CHARACTERIZAT,DENTON,TX 76203, USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 140 IS 12 BP 3588 EP 3590 DI 10.1149/1.2221130 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA MQ350 UT WOS:A1993MQ35000045 ER PT J AU DOEFF, MM MA, YP VISCO, SJ DEJONGHE, LC AF DOEFF, MM MA, YP VISCO, SJ DEJONGHE, LC TI ELECTROCHEMICAL INSERTION OF SODIUM INTO CARBON SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Letter AB Electrochemical insertion of sodium ions into carbon using solid polymer electrolytes or organic liquid electrolytes is described. Cells with the configuration Na/P(EO)(8)NaCF3SO3/CP(EO) = polyethylene oxide) or Na/liquid electrolyte/C were galvanostatically discharged, charged, and cycled. The extent of insertion into C (i.e., x in Na+Cx-) was found to be a strong function of the type and particle size of the carbon used, and the reversibility of the process was highly dependent upon the type of electrolyte used. The possibility of designing a sodium ion rocking chair cell is discussed, and a first-generation example, using a petroleum coke anode, polymer electrolyte, and sodium cobalt bronze cathode is described. RP DOEFF, MM (reprint author), LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV MAT SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Doeff, Marca/G-6722-2013 OI Doeff, Marca/0000-0002-2148-8047 NR 10 TC 151 Z9 154 U1 10 U2 72 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 140 IS 12 BP L169 EP L170 DI 10.1149/1.2221153 PG 2 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA MQ350 UT WOS:A1993MQ35000002 ER PT J AU JANOFF, MS CLEAR, R ADRIAN, W MOOSA, F AF JANOFF, MS CLEAR, R ADRIAN, W MOOSA, F TI VISIBILITY VS RESPONSE DISTANCE - A COMPARISON OF 2 EXPERIMENTS AND THE IMPLICATIONS OF THEIR RESULTS SO JOURNAL OF THE ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ILLUMINAT ENG SOC NORTH AMER PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL ST, 17TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10005-4001 SN 0099-4480 J9 J ILLUM ENG SOC JI J. Illum. Eng. Soc. PD WIN PY 1993 VL 22 IS 1 BP 3 EP 9 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA KM611 UT WOS:A1993KM61100001 ER PT J AU JAKOWATZ, CV WAHL, DE AF JAKOWATZ, CV WAHL, DE TI EIGENVECTOR METHOD FOR MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION OF PHASE ERRORS IN SYNTHETIC-APERTURE-RADAR IMAGERY SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article AB We develop a maximum-likelihood (ML) algorithm for estimation and correction (autofocus) of phase errors induced in synthetic-aperture-radar (SAR) imagery. Here, M pulse vectors in the range-compressed domain are used as input for simultaneously estimating M - 1 phase values across the aperture. The solution involves an eigenvector of the sample covariance matrix of the range-compressed data. The estimator is then used within the basic structure of the phase gradient autofocus (PGA) algorithm, replacing the original phase-estimation kernel. We show that, in practice, the new algorithm provides excellent restorations to defocused SAR imagery, typically in only one or two iterations. The performance of the new phase estimator is demonstrated essentially to achieve the Cramer-Rao lower bound on estimation-error variance for all but small values of target-to-clutter ratio. We also show that for the case in which M is equal to 2, the ML estimator is similar to that of the original PGA method but achieves better results in practice, owing to a bias inherent in the original PGA phase-estimation kernel. Finally, we discuss the relationship of these algorithms to the shear-averaging and spatial-correlation methods, two other phase-correction techniques that utilize the same phase-estimation kernel but that produce substantially poorer performance because they do not employ several fundamental signal-processing steps that are critical to the algorithms of the PGA class. RP JAKOWATZ, CV (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 12 TC 61 Z9 71 U1 3 U2 10 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 10 IS 12 BP 2539 EP 2546 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA MN611 UT WOS:A1993MN61100009 ER PT J AU WHELTON, BD TOOMEY, JM BHATTACHARYYA, MH AF WHELTON, BD TOOMEY, JM BHATTACHARYYA, MH TI CD-109 METABOLISM IN MICE .4. DIET VERSUS MATERNAL STORES AS A SOURCE OF CADMIUM TRANSFER TO MOUSE FETUSES AND PUPS DURING GESTATION AND LACTATION SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID GASTROINTESTINAL ABSORPTION; INTESTINAL-ABSORPTION; PLACENTAL-TRANSFER; LEAD; RATS; PREGNANCY; EXPOSURE; DEFICIENCY; RETENTION; MERCURY AB The transfer of Cd-109 from dam to offspring during gestation and lactation was studied in uniparous mice. From 70 to 210 d of age and during the subsequent reproductive period, young adult female mice received drinking water containing tracer amounts of Cd-109 (8 ppb total Cd) and nutrient-sufficient or -deficient solid diet containing stable Cd (5 ppm Cd). The nutrient quality of the deficient diet was patterned after that consumed by Japanese women who contracted itai-itai disease. To evaluate established maternal stores as a potential source of cadmium transfer to pups, some dams were switched to water with no Cd-109 and diet with an environmental or control level of cadmium (0.25 ppm Cd) during the reproductive period. The resulting pups were analyzed for Cd-109 at birth and at 7-d intervals throughout the lactation period. Pop Cd-109 content at birth, representative of the amount transferred via the placenta during gestation, accounted for less than 1% of the total Cd-109 transferred during the full reproductive period. During lactation, Cd-109 levels in pups from dams with current Cd-109 exposure approximately tripled with each 7-d interval; no significant differences occurred due to nutrient quality of the darns' diet. For 21-d-old pups, 98% of the Cd-109 burden came from the diet of the dam, while only 2% came from her tissue stores, primarily the hepatic one. Such fractions represented a transfer per pup of about 0.01% of the oral Cd-109 dose ingested by the dam during the reproductive period and about 0.05% of the Cd-109 in her tissue stores. Overall, transfer per litter amounted to about 7% of the dietary Cd-109 dose absorbed and retained by the dam during that interval and about 0.2% of the Cd-109 from tissue stores. On lactation d 21, 90% of the total Cd-109 in pups was sequestered in the gastrointestinal tract. Cadmium transfer was additionally examined in multiparous mice that began a repetitive breeding program at 70 d of age at the time of introduction to the same diet/water regimens already described. Overall, females consuming nutrient-sufficient diet experienced 5 consecutive 42-d rounds of gestation/lactation, while their deficient diet counterparts experienced 3 nonconsecutive rounds during an equivalent period. Transfer was examined during their last gestation/lactation experience. Throughout the lactation interval, Cd-109 transfer to pups was about 30% increased for multiparous versus uniparous females; however, transfer again was not significantly affected by nutrient quality of the darns' diet. About 0.02% of the Cd-109 dose ingested by the dam during the last reproductive round was transferred to each 21-d-old pup, while about 0.08% was transferred per litter; approximately 94% of pup whole-body Cd-109 was sequestered in the gastrointestinal tract. These results suggest that the itai factors of multiparity and nutrient-deficient diet did little to increase the small amount of cadmium transferred from Japanese mothers to young during gestation and lactation and that this route of administration was not a significant source of exposure. C1 STONEHILL COLL,N EASTON,MA. ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV BIOL & MED RES,ENVIRONM HLTH SECT,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP WHELTON, BD (reprint author), EASTERN WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,MS 74,CHENEY,WA 99004, USA. NR 31 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0098-4108 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEALTH JI J. Toxicol. Environ. Health PD DEC PY 1993 VL 40 IS 4 BP 531 EP 546 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA MM046 UT WOS:A1993MM04600002 PM 8277517 ER PT J AU ABDALLAH, G BRYUNETKIN, BA KALASHNIKOV, MP CLARK, P NIKLES, P PIKUZ, SA SKOBELEV, IY FAENOV, AY SHNUERER, M AF ABDALLAH, G BRYUNETKIN, BA KALASHNIKOV, MP CLARK, P NIKLES, P PIKUZ, SA SKOBELEV, IY FAENOV, AY SHNUERER, M TI IDENTIFICATION OF TRANSITIONS FROM SELF-IONIZED 1S2L2L'3L' LEVELS OF A BERYLLIUM-LIKE MGIX ION IN A PLASMA HEATED BY PICOSECOND LASER-PULSES SO KVANTOVAYA ELEKTRONIKA LA Russian DT Article AB The X-ray radiation spectrum of magnesium plasma produced by a picosecond laser was investigated. Dielectronic satellites of the resonance line of a helium-like MgXI ion caused by radiative transitions from self-ionized 1s2l2l'3l'' levels of a beryllium-like Mg IX ion. C1 ALL RUSSIAN PHYSICOTECH & RADIOENGN MEASUREMENTS RES INST,MENDELEYEVSK,RUSSIA. MAX BORN NONLINEAR OPT & HIGH SPEED SPECT INST,BERLIN,GERMANY. PN LEBEDEV PHYS INST,MOSCOW,RUSSIA. RP ABDALLAH, G (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87544, USA. RI Pikuz, Sergey/M-8231-2015 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LEBEDEV PHYSICAL INST KVANTOVAYA ELEKTRONIKA JOURNAL PI MOSCOW GSP-1 PA LENINSKII PROSPEKT 53, 117924 MOSCOW GSP-1, RUSSIA SN 0368-7147 J9 KVANTOVAYA ELEKTRON+ JI Kvantovaya Elektron. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 20 IS 12 BP 1159 EP 1163 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA MT582 UT WOS:A1993MT58200004 ER PT J AU NILSEN, J PIKUZ, SA SKOBELEV, IY FAENOV, AY KHAKHALIN, SY KHABIBULAEV, BK ERMATOV, SA AF NILSEN, J PIKUZ, SA SKOBELEV, IY FAENOV, AY KHAKHALIN, SY KHABIBULAEV, BK ERMATOV, SA TI L-SPECTRA OF ZINC IONS OBSERVED IN THE WAVELENGTH RANGE 0.65-1.18 NM IN A PLASMA HEATED BY ND LASER-RADIATION SO KVANTOVAYA ELEKTRONIKA LA Russian DT Article ID X-RAY-SPECTRA; BE-LIKE IONS; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; LINE INTENSITIES; ATOMIC DATA; TRANSITIONS AB X-ray emission spectra of zinc ions (lambda is similar to 0.65 - 1.18 nn) excited in a plasma produced by Nd laser radiation have been investigated. The wavelengths are measured to an accuracy of +/- 0.3 pm and the observed spectra are identified. Detailed calculations allowed us to identify also the spectral lines associated with the radiative decay of self-ionized states of Na-like zinc ions. C1 ALL RUSSIAN PHYSICOTECH & RADIOENGN MEASUREMENTS RES INST,MENDELEYEVSK,RUSSIA. PN LEBEDEV PHYS INST,MOSCOW,RUSSIA. RP NILSEN, J (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. RI Pikuz, Sergey/M-8231-2015 NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LEBEDEV PHYSICAL INST KVANTOVAYA ELEKTRONIKA JOURNAL PI MOSCOW GSP-1 PA LENINSKII PROSPEKT 53, 117924 MOSCOW GSP-1, RUSSIA SN 0368-7147 J9 KVANTOVAYA ELEKTRON+ JI Kvantovaya Elektron. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 20 IS 12 BP 1164 EP 1180 PG 17 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA MT582 UT WOS:A1993MT58200005 ER PT J AU LI, DQ SWANSON, BI AF LI, DQ SWANSON, BI TI SURFACE-ACOUSTIC-WAVE THIN-FILM CHEMICAL MICROSENSORS BASED ON COVALENTLY BOUND C-60 DERIVATIVES - A MOLECULAR SELF-ASSEMBLY APPROACH SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Letter ID LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILMS; MONOLAYER MEMBRANES; ORGANIC MONOLAYER; SENSORS; DEVICES; MULTILAYERS; ELECTRODES; GOLD AB This communication describes a novel approach for developing ultrathin-film chemical microsensor materials by anchoring a covalently bound, self-assembled C60 multilayer on the surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonator via a siloxane bond linkage. The multilayer structure has been characterized by optical absorption, surface acoustic wave mass transduction, and polarized variable-angle internal attenuated total-reflection infrared spectroscopy (PVAI-ATR-IR). On a 200-MHz SAW device, typical mass loading from saturated organic vapors at room temperature causes a rapid reversible frequency shift of approximately 10 kHz. The C60-based microsensors are most selective to those organic vapors such as decahydronaphthalene, perchloroethylene, and toluene, which is consistent with the fact that these are good organic solvents for buckyballs. RP LI, DQ (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV ISOTOPE & NUCL CHEM,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 36 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD DEC PY 1993 VL 9 IS 12 BP 3341 EP 3344 DI 10.1021/la00036a004 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA MN481 UT WOS:A1993MN48100004 ER PT J AU ALVES, CA PORTER, MD AF ALVES, CA PORTER, MD TI ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF A FLUORINATED ALKANETHIOLATE MONOLAYER AT GOLD AND CORRELATIONS TO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND INFRARED REFLECTION SPECTROSCOPIC STRUCTURAL DESCRIPTIONS SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY; LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILMS; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ORGANIZED MOLECULAR ASSEMBLIES; ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; RESOLUTION IMAGES; SURFACES; DESORPTION; AU(111); POLYCRYSTALLINE AB Monolayers formed by the chemisorption of CF3(CF2)7(CH2)2SH (FT) at epitaxially grown Au(lll) films were characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM), electrochemistry, and infrared reflection spectroscopy (IRS). The AFM was used to probe the atomic scale arrangement of the monolayer. The electrochemical and IRS studies provided insight into the surface coverage and spatial orientation of the monolayer. The AFM images exhibit ordered domains of hexagonal periodicity with average nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor separation distances of 0.58+/-0.02 and 1.01+/-0.02 nm, respectively. These spacings agree well with a (2 x 2) adlayer at Au(lll), a two-dimensional arrangement predicted on the basis of considerations of a space-filling model. The sizes of the ordered domains typically range from a few adsorbates up to 30 nm2 and occasionally larger. The results of the surface coverage ((5.7+/-0.7) X 10(10) mol/cm2) and orientational analysis (20-degrees average tilt of the perfluorocarbon chains from the surface normal) support the presence of a (2 X 2) adlayer. Differences in the ability to image the FT monolayer and those formed from alkanethiols (CH3(CH2)nSH) are discussed, along with the advantages of correlating the findings from microscopic and macroscopic characterization techniques. C1 US DOE,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM,AMES,IA 50011. NR 60 TC 148 Z9 148 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD DEC PY 1993 VL 9 IS 12 BP 3507 EP 3512 DI 10.1021/la00036a027 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA MN481 UT WOS:A1993MN48100027 ER PT J AU SALMERON, M NEUBAUER, G FOLCH, A TOMITORI, M OGLETREE, DF SAUTET, P AF SALMERON, M NEUBAUER, G FOLCH, A TOMITORI, M OGLETREE, DF SAUTET, P TI VISCOELASTIC AND ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES OF SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS ON AU(111) FILMS SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY; ATOMIC-FORCE-MICROSCOPE; SILICON SURFACES; GOLD; SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFRACTION; INTERFACE; ENERGY AB The interaction between Pt-13% Rh tips (of approximately 1000 angstrom radius) and (111) oriented gold films covered with alkanethiolate monolayers has been studied with an atomic force microscope (AFM) of the interferometer type. The thiol molecules, with structural formula H-S-(CH2)n-CH3 had 12 and 22 carbon atom chains (n = 11 and 21). The cantilever of the AFM was forced to oscillate near its resonance frequency while the amplitude and phase of the oscillation at the free end supporting the tip were measured. These two parameters changed rapidly when the tip approached within a few nanometers of the surface. This allows us to investigate the viscoelastic properties of the surface films. We found that the thiolate layers respond to the applied load in a reversible way. Upon contact with the layer, the tip oscillation amplitude decreased to 10-20 % of its original value and remained at this level until the load reached (7 to 15) x 10(-6) N. At loads below 1 x 10(-6) N, the tip-sample interaction is mainly elastic and no visible marks can be seen in the ac-AFM (attractive mode) images. Above that value, the gold substrate was found to yield plastically. This plastic threshold was identical to that found in bare gold. With an applied bias, tunnel current was found upon initial contact of the tip with the alkyl chain. This current is very sensitive to defects of the layer and to the compressive force applied by the tip. A theoretical calculation was performed to explain the effects of the adsorbed organic molecules on tunnel currents. RP SALMERON, M (reprint author), LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,CTR ADV MAT,DIV MAT SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Sautet, Philippe/G-3710-2014 OI Sautet, Philippe/0000-0002-8444-3348 NR 29 TC 134 Z9 134 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD DEC PY 1993 VL 9 IS 12 BP 3600 EP 3611 DI 10.1021/la00036a041 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA MN481 UT WOS:A1993MN48100041 ER PT J AU BRUCKNERLEA, C JANATA, J CONROY, J PUNGOR, A CALDWELL, K AF BRUCKNERLEA, C JANATA, J CONROY, J PUNGOR, A CALDWELL, K TI SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY ON A MERCURY SESSILE DROP SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY; WATER INTERFACE; PHOSPHOLIPID MONOLAYERS; SURFACES; BIOMOLECULES; MANIPULATION AB An apparatus for obtaining scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images at the mercury/air interface is described. The mercury/air interface is studied as a function of adsorbate surface pressure using a mercury sessile drop that can be expanded and contracted using a digitally controlled microliter syringe. The added feature of this arrangement is the ability to control precisely the volume and, the surface area of the sessile mercury drop. The drop then represents a micro-Langmuir-Blodgett experiment in which thin films of adsorbates can be examined in various stages of compression. The macroscopic phase transitions of an octanethiol surface film during the compression/expansion regime are observed visually, and STM images of the mercury/air interface are obtained before and after thiol deposition. C1 PACIFIC NW LAB, MOLEC SCI RES CTR, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. UNIV UTAH, DEPT BIOENGN, SALT LAKE CITY, UT 84112 USA. NR 27 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD DEC PY 1993 VL 9 IS 12 BP 3612 EP 3617 DI 10.1021/la00036a042 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA MN481 UT WOS:A1993MN48100042 ER PT J AU KOLBER, Z FALKOWSKI, PG AF KOLBER, Z FALKOWSKI, PG TI USE OF ACTIVE FLUORESCENCE TO ESTIMATE PHYTOPLANKTON PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN-SITU SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID STEADY-STATE PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; ENERGY-CONVERSION; GROWTH-IRRADIANCE; MARINE PHOTOSYNTHESIS; NATURAL FLUORESCENCE; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; COMMUNITY PRODUCTION; NITROGEN LIMITATION AB We describe the theory and practice of estimating photosynthetic rates from light-stimulated changes in the quantum yield of chlorophyll fluorescence. By means of a pump-and-probe fluorescence technique, where weak probe flashes are used to measure the change in the quantum yield of fluorescence induced by the strong pump flash, it is possible to derive the absolute absorption cross sections for photosystem 2, the quantum yield for photochemistry, and the maximum rate of photosynthetic electron transport at light saturation. In conjunction with a semiempirical biophysical model of photosynthesis, these parameters can be used to calculate the instantaneous rate of gross photosynthesis in situ under ambient irradiance. A profiling pump-and-probe fluorometer was constructed and interfaced with a CTD, and vertical profiles of variable fluorescence were obtained on four cruises in the northwest Atlantic Ocean. The derived photosynthetic rates were compared with concurrent estimates of production based on radiocarbon uptake. The correlation coefficient between the two estimates of primary production, normalized to Chl a, was 0.86; linear regression analysis yielded a slope of 1.06. There is a 3-4 fold range in the maximum change in the quantum yields of photochemistry and absorption cross-sections in natural phytoplankton communities. Uncertainties in the pump-and-probe-derived estimates of photosynthesis are primarily due to temporal mismatches between instantaneous and time-integrated measures of production and in biological variability in the ratio of the number of PS2 reaction centers to total Chl a. RP KOLBER, Z (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DIV OCEANOG & ATMOSPHER SCI,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 67 TC 385 Z9 399 U1 3 U2 50 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPH PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1646 EP 1665 PG 20 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA MZ459 UT WOS:A1993MZ45900006 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, KM WILLS, KD BUTLER, DB JOHNSON, WK WONG, CS AF JOHNSON, KM WILLS, KD BUTLER, DB JOHNSON, WK WONG, CS TI COULOMETRIC TOTAL CARBON-DIOXIDE ANALYSIS FOR MARINE STUDIES - MAXIMIZING THE PERFORMANCE OF AN AUTOMATED GAS EXTRACTION SYSTEM AND COULOMETRIC DETECTOR SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium in honor of the Contributions to Marine Chemistry by Ricardo Marcos Pytkowicz, at the American-Chemical-Society Meeting CY AUG 27, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER CHEM SOC ID ATLANTIC-OCEAN; 25-DEGREES-N LATITUDE; INORGANIC CARBON; CALIBRATION; TRANSPORT; CURRENTS; SEAWATER AB A global survey of the distribution of dissolved CO2 taking advantage of sampling opportunities provided by the World Ocean Circulation Experiment: World Hydrographic Program (WOCE-WHP) is being carried out through 1995. Goals include the measurement of oceanic inorganic carbon transport and the development of a data base from which future fossil-fuel CO2 build-up can be monitored. The analytical method selected for total carbon dioxide (C-T) is gas extraction of acidified seawater with coulometric titration of the acid formed by the resultant carbon dioxide and monoethanolamine. To combine high accuracy and precision (+/-1.5 mu mol/kg for C-T greater than or equal to 2000 mu mol/kg) with a high rate of analysis, we have modified an automated single-parameter system. Following prototype development between 1987 and 1990, an instrument emerged with the acronym SOMMA Standing for single-operator multiparameter metabolic analyzer. Improved functional and operating procedures have integrated electronic calibration, CO2 gas calibration, and sample analysis with automated pressure, temperature, and conductivity (salinity) sensing into a single convenient transportable package. C1 UNIV RHODE ISL,GRAD SCH OCEANOG,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882. INST OCEAN SCI,DEPT FISHERIES & OCEANS,SIDNEY V8L 4B2,BC,CANADA. RP JOHNSON, KM (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT APPL SCI,DIV OCEANOG & ATMOSPHER SCI,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 15 TC 219 Z9 226 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 44 IS 2-4 BP 167 EP 187 DI 10.1016/0304-4203(93)90201-X PG 21 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA MT066 UT WOS:A1993MT06600007 ER PT J AU SILLIMAN, K TALL, AR KRETCHMER, N FORTE, TM AF SILLIMAN, K TALL, AR KRETCHMER, N FORTE, TM TI UNUSUAL HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN SUBCLASS DISTRIBUTION DURING LATE PREGNANCY SO METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LA English DT Article ID CHOLESTERYL ESTER TRANSFER; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; ESTERIFICATION RATE; LIPID-METABOLISM; TRANSFER PROTEIN; CELL-LINE; PLASMA; ESTROGEN; APOLIPOPROTEIN; LIPASE C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,DEPT MOLEC & NUCL MED,1 CYCLOTRON RD,DONNER LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. COLUMBIA UNIV COLL PHYS & SURG,DEPT MED,DIV MOLEC MED,NEW YORK,NY 10032. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT NUTR SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 18574, HL 21006]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD 07266] NR 51 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0026-0495 J9 METABOLISM JI Metab.-Clin. Exp. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 42 IS 12 BP 1592 EP 1599 DI 10.1016/0026-0495(93)90156-I PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA MK839 UT WOS:A1993MK83900015 PM 8246775 ER PT J AU WEINBERG, AM AF WEINBERG, AM TI CHAPTERS FROM THE LIFE OF A TECHNOLOGICAL FIXER SO MINERVA LA English DT Article RP WEINBERG, AM (reprint author), OAK RIDGE ASSOCIATED UNIV,INST ENERGY ANAL,OAK RIDGE,TN 37830, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERVA PI LONDON PA 19 NOTTINGHAM ROAD, LONDON, ENGLAND SW17 7EA SN 0026-4695 J9 MINERVA JI Minerva PD WIN PY 1993 VL 31 IS 4 BP 379 EP 454 DI 10.1007/BF01096449 PG 76 WC Education & Educational Research; History & Philosophy Of Science; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; History & Philosophy of Science; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA MN712 UT WOS:A1993MN71200001 ER PT J AU STANKER, LH WYROBEK, A MCKEOWN, C BALHORN, R AF STANKER, LH WYROBEK, A MCKEOWN, C BALHORN, R TI IDENTIFICATION OF THE BINDING-SITE OF 2 MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES TO HUMAN PROTAMINE SO MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; HUMAN-SPERM PROTAMINE-P1; STALLION SPERMATOZOA; MOUSE PROTAMINE-1; MAJOR PROTAMINE; 2 FORMS; PURIFICATION; PRECURSOR; PROTEINS; VARIANTS AB We have previously developed a number of monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) that bind to protamine. One of these antibodies, Hup1N, binds to human protamine 1 but not to protamine 2. In contrast, Mab HupA binds both protamine 1 and protamine 2. The epitopes for these two Mabs were observed to overlap, and were localized to the evolutionarily conservative amino-terminal region of protamine 1. This assignment is based on antibody binding to protamine from different species in which the protamine sequence is known, as well as analysis of antibody binding to synthetic peptides and synthetic peptides with specific amino acid substitutions. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,BIOL & BIOTECHNOL RES PROGRAM,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0161-5890 J9 MOL IMMUNOL JI Mol. Immunol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 30 IS 18 BP 1633 EP 1638 DI 10.1016/0161-5890(93)90436-F PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA MP674 UT WOS:A1993MP67400002 PM 7505880 ER PT J AU BLACK, TA CAI, YP WOLK, CP AF BLACK, TA CAI, YP WOLK, CP TI SPATIAL EXPRESSION AND AUTOREGULATION OF HETR, A GENE INVOLVED IN THE CONTROL OF HETEROCYST DEVELOPMENT IN ANABAENA (VOL 9, PG 77, 1993) SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction, Addition C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DOE,PLANT RES LAB,E LANSING,MI 48824. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0950-382X J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1153 EP 1153 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb00985.x PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA MM635 UT WOS:A1993MM63500025 ER PT J AU FREAR, DR YOST, FG AF FREAR, DR YOST, FG TI RELIABILITY OF SOLDER JOINTS SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,CTR SOLDER SCI & TECHNOL,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. RP FREAR, DR (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,DEPT MECH & CORROS MET,TECH STAFF,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MC KNIGHT ROAD SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 18 IS 12 BP 49 EP 54 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA MM986 UT WOS:A1993MM98600007 ER PT J AU PALMER, DW AF PALMER, DW TI TEST STRUCTURES AS A WAY TO EVALUATE PACKAGING RELIABILITY SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article RP PALMER, DW (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,DEPT INTEGRATED CIRCUIT PACKAGING TECHNOL,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MC KNIGHT ROAD SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 18 IS 12 BP 55 EP 58 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA MM986 UT WOS:A1993MM98600008 ER PT J AU HAYS, ID AF HAYS, ID TI TWISTING THE DRAGONS TAIL SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Note RP HAYS, ID (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, CTR SCI EDUC, POB 999, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MC KNIGHT ROAD SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 18 IS 12 BP 68 EP 69 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA MM986 UT WOS:A1993MM98600010 ER PT J AU MATSUOKA, A TUCKER, JD HAYASHI, M HONMA, M YAMAZAKI, N SOFUNI, T AF MATSUOKA, A TUCKER, JD HAYASHI, M HONMA, M YAMAZAKI, N SOFUNI, T TI ANALYSIS OF CHROMOSOMAL REARRANGEMENTS OF X-RAY-IRRADIATED CULTURED HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES BY CHROMOSOME PAINTING SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST HYG SCI,DIV GENET & MUTAGENESIS,SETAGAYA KU,TOKYO 158,JAPAN. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DIV BIOMED SCI,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD DEC PY 1993 VL 292 IS 3 BP 281 EP 281 DI 10.1016/0165-1161(93)90080-J PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA MK495 UT WOS:A1993MK49500058 ER PT J AU ROSEN, JF SLATKIN, DN AF ROSEN, JF SLATKIN, DN TI A COMMENTARY ON IN-VIVO LEAD X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE WITH REFERENCE TO THE 1992 WORKSHOP SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID TOXIC CHILDREN; BONE; DENSITY AB One of the main purposes of this Commentary is to respond to some of the issues raised in a Summary by Todd et al. (1993) of the 1992 Workshop sponsored by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences on X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), as it contains apparently undocumented claims for K-Line XRF (KXRF) techniques and understates the efficacy and clinical research results of the L-Line XRF (LXRF) technique (Rosen et al., 1989; Rosen et al., 1991). This Commentary presents a point of view concerning the Workshop that is different in several respects from that published by Todd, Landrigan and Bloch (Todd et al., 1993). As two of the three co-developers of the L-Line XRF (LXRF) technique, we wish to draw the following information to the attention of readers of Neurotoxicology, some of which was published before the Workshop took place and some of which has been published subsequently (Rosen et al., 1993; Rosen and Markowitz, 1993; Markowitz et al., 1993). C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT MED,UPTON,NY 11973. RP ROSEN, JF (reprint author), ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,MONTEFIORE MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,BRONX,NY 10467, USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTOX PRESS INC PI LITTLE ROCK PA PO BOX 24865, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72221 SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD WIN PY 1993 VL 14 IS 4 BP 537 EP 540 PG 4 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA MT959 UT WOS:A1993MT95900016 PM 8164895 ER PT J AU SPLETZER, BL LAMBERT, LD BERGMANN, VL WEATHERBY, JR AF SPLETZER, BL LAMBERT, LD BERGMANN, VL WEATHERBY, JR TI TESTING AND ANALYSES TO INVESTIGATE LINER TEARING OF THE 1/6-SCALE REINFORCED-CONCRETE CONTAINMENT BUILDING SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Workshop on Containment Integrity CY MAY 12-14, 1992 CL SANDIA NATL LABS, WASHINGTON, DC SP US NUCL REGULATORY COMMISS HO SANDIA NATL LABS AB The overpressurization of a 1:6-scale reinforced concrete containment building demonstrated that liner tearing is an important failure mode. A combined experimental and analytical program was developed to determine the important parameters that contribute to liner tearing. Three sets of test specimens were designed to investigate the mechanisms important in causing failure. The tests investigated effects produced by the anchorage system, loading conditions, and transition in thickness from the liner to insert plate. Before testing, the specimens were analyzed using two- and three-dimensional finite element models. Based on the analysis, the failure mode and load conditions were predicted. Test data and posttest examination show mixed agreement with the analytical predictions. Many similarities were observed between the response of the liner in the 1:6-scale reinforced concrete containment model and the response of the test specimens. This work illustrates that the failure mechanism can be greatly influenced by details of liner and anchorage system design. Furthermore, it significantly increases the understanding of containment building response under severe conditions. RP SPLETZER, BL (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 145 IS 3 BP 387 EP 401 DI 10.1016/0029-5493(93)90248-8 PG 15 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA MM875 UT WOS:A1993MM87500012 ER PT J AU HUTTON, PH AF HUTTON, PH TI LISTENING TO REACTOR PRESSURE BOUNDARIES FOR THE SOUNDS OF CRACKS AND LEAKS SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article RP HUTTON, PH (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS PUBLISHING LTD PI SUTTON PA QUADRANT HOUSE THE QUADRANT, SUTTON, SURREY, ENGLAND SM2 5AS SN 0029-5507 J9 NUCL ENG INT JI Nucl. Eng. Int. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 38 IS 473 BP 38 EP 40 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA MM140 UT WOS:A1993MM14000010 ER PT J AU KUPPERMAN, D AF KUPPERMAN, D TI CONSIDERING OPTIONS FOR LEAK DETECTION SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article RP KUPPERMAN, D (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV ENERGY TECHNOL,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS PUBLISHING LTD PI SUTTON PA QUADRANT HOUSE THE QUADRANT, SUTTON, SURREY, ENGLAND SM2 5AS SN 0029-5507 J9 NUCL ENG INT JI Nucl. Eng. Int. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 38 IS 473 BP 41 EP 42 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA MM140 UT WOS:A1993MM14000011 ER PT J AU FREDRICKSON, ED JANOS, AC MCGUIRE, KM SCOTT, SD TAYLOR, G CHANG, Z AF FREDRICKSON, ED JANOS, AC MCGUIRE, KM SCOTT, SD TAYLOR, G CHANG, Z TI STUDY OF LOCAL ELECTRON HEAT-TRANSPORT ON TFTR SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID PULSE-PROPAGATION; SAWTOOTH OSCILLATIONS; ANOMALOUS TRANSPORT; TOKAMAKS; PLASMAS; JET AB The anomously fast relaxation of the perturbations to the electron temperature profile caused by a sawtooth crash has been studied extensively on TFTR. It is shown that on a short time-scale the heat pulse is not simply diffusive as has been generally assumed, but that modelling of the heat pulse requires a transient enhancement in chi(e) following the sawtooth crash. It is also shown that the time dependent enhancement in chi(e) predicted by non-linear thermal transport models, i.e. incremental chi models Dr the Rebut-Lallia-Watkins transport model, is much smaller than that required to explain the anomalies the heat pulse propagation. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,MADISON,WI 53706. RP FREDRICKSON, ED (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,PRINCETON PLASMA PHYS LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08544, USA. NR 29 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD DEC PY 1993 VL 33 IS 12 BP 1759 EP 1774 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/33/12/I01 PG 16 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA NA566 UT WOS:A1993NA56600001 ER PT J AU SESNIC, S HOLLAND, A KAITA, R KAYE, SM OKABAYASHI, M TAKAHASHI, H ASAKURA, N BELL, RE BERNABEI, S CHANCE, MS DUPERREX, PA FONCK, RJ GAMMEL, GM GREENE, GJ HATCHER, RE JARDIN, SC JIANG, TW KESSEL, CE KUGEL, HW LEBLANC, B LEVINTON, FM MANICKAM, J ONO, M PAUL, SF POWELL, ET QIN, YW ROBERTS, DW SAUTHOFF, NR AF SESNIC, S HOLLAND, A KAITA, R KAYE, SM OKABAYASHI, M TAKAHASHI, H ASAKURA, N BELL, RE BERNABEI, S CHANCE, MS DUPERREX, PA FONCK, RJ GAMMEL, GM GREENE, GJ HATCHER, RE JARDIN, SC JIANG, TW KESSEL, CE KUGEL, HW LEBLANC, B LEVINTON, FM MANICKAM, J ONO, M PAUL, SF POWELL, ET QIN, YW ROBERTS, DW SAUTHOFF, NR TI EXCITATION OF HIGH-FREQUENCY PRESSURE-DRIVEN MODES IN NON-AXISYMMETRICAL EQUILIBRIUM AT HIGH BETA(POL) IN PBX-M SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID TOROIDAL ALFVEN EIGENMODES; ALPHA-PARTICLES; TOKAMAK EXPERIMENT; BALLOONING MODES; ION CONFINEMENT; ENERGETIC IONS; TOROIDICITY; INSTABILITIES; PLASMAS; STABILITY AB High frequency pressure driven modes have been observed in high poloidal beta discharges in the Princeton Beta Experiment Modification (PBX-M). These modes are excited in a non-axisymmetric equilibrium characterized by a large, low frequency m(l) = 1/n(l) = 1 island, and they are capable of expelling fast ions. The modes reside on or very close to the q = 1 surface and have mode numbers with either m(h) = n(h) or (less probably) m(h)/n(h) = m(h)/(m(h) - 1), with m(h) varying between 3 and 10. Occasionally these modes are simultaneously localized in the vicinity of the m(l) = 2/n(l) = 1 island. The high frequency modes near the q = 1 surface also exhibit a ballooning character, being significantly stronger on the large major radius side of the plasma. When a large m(l) = 1/n(l) = 1 island is present, the mode is poloidally localized in the immediate vicinity of the X point of the island. The modes occur exclusively in high beta beam heated discharges and are likely to be dri\en by the beam ions. They can thus be a manifestation of either a toroidicity induced shear Alfven eigenmode (TAE) at q = (2m(h) + 1)/2n(h), a kinetic ballooning mode, or some other type of pressure driven (high beta) mode. Most of the data are consistent with the theoretical predictions for the TAE gap mode. Since the high frequency modes in PBX-M, however, are found exclusively on or in the immediate neighbourhood of magnetic surfaces with low rational numbers (q = 1, 2,...), other possibilities are not excluded. RP SESNIC, S (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,PRINCETON PLASMA PHYS LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08544, USA. RI Jardin, Stephen/E-9392-2010 NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD DEC PY 1993 VL 33 IS 12 BP 1877 EP 1897 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/33/12/I09 PG 21 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA NA566 UT WOS:A1993NA56600010 ER PT J AU MOREL, JE DENDY, JE WAREING, TA AF MOREL, JE DENDY, JE WAREING, TA TI DIFFUSION-ACCELERATED SOLUTION OF THE 2-DIMENSIONAL S-N EQUATIONS WITH BILINEAR-DISCONTINUOUS DIFFERENCING SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB A new diffusion synthetic acceleration scheme is developed for solving the two-dimensional S-n equations in x-y geometry with bilinear-discontinuous finite element spatial discretization. This method differs from previous methods in that it is unconditionally efficient for problems with isotropic or weakly anisotropic scattering. Computational results are given that demonstrate this property. RP MOREL, JE (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 7 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 115 IS 4 BP 304 EP 319 PG 16 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA ML042 UT WOS:A1993ML04200004 ER PT J AU KOHUT, P AF KOHUT, P TI ANISOTROPIC EIGENVALUE SPECTRUM CALCULATIONS OF THE NEUTRON-TRANSPORT OPERATOR WITH LOW-ORDER SPATIAL EXPANSION METHODS SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID SPHERES; SLABS AB The results of a numerical analysis of the eigenvalue spectrum and eigenmodes of the monoenergetic integral transport equation are presented. Anisotropic scattering effects are explicitly considered with P-1 and P-2 expansions. Benchmark qualify data are produced for three related one-dimensional homogeneous multiplying slab problems: fuel with vacuum boundary, fuel with reflectors, and fuel/reflector infinite lattice. Two low-order spatial expansion techniques are investigated and shown to be equivalent in accuracy to analytical or high-order spatial expansion methods. The weak finite element formulation is shown to be slightly more accurate than the comparably sized quadrature formulation. The calculational results of the isotropic and anisotropic analysis are compared with data available in the literature and extended to provide additional results reflecting the effects of linearly and quadratically anisotropic scattering. RP KOHUT, P (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,BLDG 130,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 115 IS 4 BP 320 EP 333 PG 14 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA ML042 UT WOS:A1993ML04200005 ER PT J AU RITTER, JA ZAMECNIK, JR HSU, CLW AF RITTER, JA ZAMECNIK, JR HSU, CLW TI HYDROGEN GENERATION DURING TREATMENT OF SIMULATED HIGH-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE-WASTE WITH FORMIC-ACID SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE NOBLE METALS; FORMIC ACID; CATALYSIS AB The Integrated Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) Melter System (IDMS), operated by the Savannah River Technology Center, is a one-fifth scale pilot facility used in support of the startup and operation of the U.S. Department of Energy's DWPF Seven IDMS runs examined the effect of noble metals in simulated high-level radioactive waste (HLW) and important process variables on the generation of H-2 during the preparation of melter feed with formic acid. The results showed that due to the noble metals in actual HLW, the lower flammable limit of H-2 in air (4 vol%) could be exceeded in DWPF vessels, depending on such factors as offgas generation and air in leakage. A small but detectable quantity of H-2 was generated even in the absence of noble metals. The results also verified that the most important process variable that affected the H-2 generation rate was the amount of formic acid added to the system. Forced air purge systems with H-2 monitoring instruments were installed in the DWPF to control the concentration of H-2 in the offgas by fuel dilution during melter feed preparation. The design-basis forced air purge flow rate required in the DWPF during radioactive operations was based on the peak H-2 generation rate observed during an IDMS run operated with 25% excess formic acid. This amount of excess formic acid was deemed a credible deviation from nominal operating conditions; therefore, a margin of safety was included in the design basis. C1 WESTINGHOUSE SAVANNAH RIVER CO,SAVANNAH RIVER TECHNOL CTR,AIKEN,SC 29808. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 104 IS 3 BP 330 EP 342 PG 13 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA MJ745 UT WOS:A1993MJ74500002 ER PT J AU EBERT, WL BATES, JK AF EBERT, WL BATES, JK TI A COMPARISON OF GLASS REACTION AT HIGH AND LOW GLASS-SURFACE SOLUTION VOLUME SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BOROSILICATE GLASS; SURFACE AREA VOLUME; REACTION RATE AB Static leach tests have been performed at glass surface area/leachant volume (SA/V) ratios of 10, 340, 2000, and 20 000 m-1 to assess the effects of the SA/V on the mechanism and rate of the glass reaction. Tests were performed using actinide-doped borosilicate waste glasses [Savannah River Laboratory (SRL) 131 and SRL 202] to monitor the distribution of released radionuclides in tests at different SA/V Solution results show the major effect of the SA/V to be dilution of reaction products. Differences in the pH and silicic acid concentrations attained in tests at different SA/V then affect the reaction rate. Tests at low SA/V maintain leachate pH values similar to the initial leachant, while tests at higher SA/V result in higher leachate pH values being attained due to ion-exchange reactions. Transuranics released as the glass corrodes may exist in the leachate in concentrations far above their solubility limits by sorbing onto colloids, although the colloids may eventually settle out of solution. Transuranics also sorb onto the steel reaction vessel. The glass reaction progress can be characterized by three stages: (a) an initial stage where the reaction rate depends on the leachant pH, (b) an intermediate stage where the reaction slows to ward a minimum rate as the leachate solution approaches ''saturation, '' and (c) a long-term stage where the reaction rate may be affected by the formation of secondary phases that control the solution chemistry. Tests at different SA/V cannot always be compared directly because the dominant reaction step and the observed reaction stage (initial, intermediate, or long-term) may not be the same. RP EBERT, WL (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 104 IS 3 BP 372 EP 384 PG 13 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA MJ745 UT WOS:A1993MJ74500006 ER EF