FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Osgood, RM Riggs, KT Johnson, AE Mattson, JE Sowers, CH Bader, SD AF Osgood, RM Riggs, KT Johnson, AE Mattson, JE Sowers, CH Bader, SD TI Magneto-optic constants of hcp and fcc Co films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID KERR AB We tabulate the wavelength dependence of the complex magneto-optic constants for epitaxial fee (001) and hcp (<1(1)over bar 00>) Co films with the magnetization along two different in-plane crystallographic directions. The magneto-optic constants of epitaxial hcp Co films are strongly dependent on crystallographic direction for the same sample, while those of epitaxial fee Co films are not, as anticipated from the trends in the magnetic anisotropy due to the spin-orbit interaction. Our results for (i) the anisotropic magneto-optic constants, (ii) the magnetic anisotropy, and (iii) the indices of refraction, are compared to other studies of Co. C1 STETSON UNIV,DEPT PHYS,DE LAND,FL 32720. RP Osgood, RM (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. RI Bader, Samuel/A-2995-2013 NR 15 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 5 BP 2627 EP 2634 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.2627 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA XQ619 UT WOS:A1997XQ61900058 ER PT J AU Helgesen, G Tanaka, Y Hill, JP Wochner, P Gibbs, D Flynn, CP Salamon, MB AF Helgesen, G Tanaka, Y Hill, JP Wochner, P Gibbs, D Flynn, CP Salamon, MB TI Magnetic and structural properties of erbium films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; RESONANCE EXCHANGE SCATTERING; ER THIN-FILMS; SUPERLATTICES; POLARIZATION; DIFFRACTION; SAPPHIRE; HOLMIUM AB The results of x-ray-scattering studies of the magnetic and structural properties of two erbium thin films (thickness greater than or equal to 1 mu m) grown epitaxially on Lu and Y substrates are presented. These substrates, respectively, compress or expand the erbium a-axis lattice constants and clamp them at the film-substrate interfaces. thereby introducing epitaxial strain. Detailed measurements of the temperature dependence of the c- and a-axis lattice constants, magnetic wave vectors, and magnetic order parameters of the films are reported. The qualitative features of the magnetic phase behavior mirror those of the bulk, including the scaling of the order-parameter critical exponents beta(n) and the existence of lock-in transitions to bulk commensurate wave vectors. The magnetic phase transitions, however, exhibit marked hysteresis and the magnetic structures are characterized by multiphase coexistence and limited correlation lengths. The low-temperature phase of bulk erbium with magnetic wave vector 5/21 is suppressed in both films, and is replaced in Er/Lu by two new phases with wave vectors near 6/25 and 11/45. Qualitative c-axis strain profiles are deduced from the measurements and confirm that the Er/Y film is more distorted than the Er/Lu. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. RIKEN,INST PHYS & CHEM RES,WAKO,SAITAMA 35101,JAPAN. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PHYS,URBANA,IL 61801. RP Helgesen, G (reprint author), INST ENERGY TECHNOL,N-2007 KJELLER,NORWAY. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 5 BP 2635 EP 2645 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.2635 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA XQ619 UT WOS:A1997XQ61900059 ER PT J AU Ostenson, JE Budko, S Breitwisch, M Finnemore, DK Ichikawa, N Uchida, S AF Ostenson, JE Budko, S Breitwisch, M Finnemore, DK Ichikawa, N Uchida, S TI Flux expulsion and reversible magnetization in the stripe phase superconductor La1.45Nd0.40Sr0.15CuO4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; MODEL AB Magnetization and free energy surfaces have been studied for superconducting La1.45Nd0.40Sr0.15CuO4 in order to determine whether this stripe-phase material has a thermodynamic critical field curve. H-c, similar to the classical superconductors. A large region of thermodynamic reversibility is found so that magnetization and free energy surfaces can be determined reliably over much of the H-T plane. In these stripe-phase materials then is evidence from neutron scattering that the holes collect in the domain walls of the antiphase domain structure, so the superconducting order parameter might be space dependent and the vortex lattice might be different from ordinary type-II superconductors. Although some uncertainty is introduced because a substantial background magnetization from the magnetic Nd ions must be subtracted, it can be stated that the H-c vs T curve is found to be comparable to Nb. The material is a good bulk superconductor, but the shape of the magnetization curves (M-s vs H) is quite different from the predictions of conventional type-II superconductor theories. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT PHYS,AMES,IA 50011. UNIV TOKYO,TOKYO 113,JAPAN. RP Ostenson, JE (reprint author), US DOE,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 15 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 5 BP 2820 EP 2823 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.2820 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA XQ619 UT WOS:A1997XQ61900079 ER PT J AU Dimitrov, DA Bishop, AR Conradson, SD AF Dimitrov, DA Bishop, AR Conradson, SD TI Crystallography of a two-dimensional binary crystal with local distortions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; YBA2CU3O7; SCATTERING; TC AB We have used computer simulations to study the effects of local distortions with given low symmetries on the structure factors and pair distribution functions of a two-dimensional binary crystal. The disorder leads to specific modulations of the diffuse scattering. In the case of clusters of such defects the diffuse scattering is distributed around the Bragg peaks. The length scales are found to be most directly identified by analysis of direct-space pair distribution functions. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Dimitrov, DA (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,CARDWELL HALL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 6 BP 2969 EP 2976 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.2969 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA XR290 UT WOS:A1997XR29000019 ER PT J AU Murdoch, KM Nguyen, AD Edelstein, NM Hubert, S Gacon, JC AF Murdoch, KM Nguyen, AD Edelstein, NM Hubert, S Gacon, JC TI Two-photon absorption spectroscopy of Cm3+ in LuPO4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID APPLIED MAGNETIC-FIELD; 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; POLARIZATION DEPENDENCE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; INTENSITIES; TRANSITION; GD(OH)3; LINES; SM-2+; GD3+ AB Laser excitation spectroscopy has been used to investigate two-photon absorption (TPA) transitions of the actinide ion Cm3+ in a LuPO4 host crystal. One-color two-photon excitation spectra were recorded in the energy ranges corresponding to the S-8(7/2)-->D-6(7/2) (16 400-17 200 cm(-1)), S-8(7/2)-->P-6(5/2) (19 700-20 300 cm(-1)), and S-8(7/2)-->D-6(7/2) (27 700-28 100 cm(-1)) absorption transitions. The relative intensities and polarization dependences of the lines observed were measured. These results are compared to calculated intensities derived from the second-order theory of Axe and also from the second-order theory extended to include a third-order spin-orbit correction. There was poor agreement between experiment and theory for most of the TPA transitions investigated. Inclusion of an additional phenomenological imaginary term in the amplitude improved the agreement for these transitions. C1 INST PHYS NUCL,LAB RADIOCHIM,F-91406 ORSAY,FRANCE. LAB PHYSICOCHIM MAT LUMINESCENTS,UMR 5620 CNRS,F-69622 VILLEURBANNE,FRANCE. UNIV LYON 1,F-69622 VILLEURBANNE,FRANCE. RP Murdoch, KM (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV CHEM SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 6 BP 3038 EP 3045 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.3038 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA XR290 UT WOS:A1997XR29000027 ER PT J AU Aselage, TL Tallant, DR Emin, D AF Aselage, TL Tallant, DR Emin, D TI Isotope dependencies of Raman spectra of B12As2, B12P2, B12O2, and B12+xC3-x: Bonding of intericosahedral chains SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BORON-CARBIDE STRUCTURE; REFINEMENT AB The structures of B12As2, B12P2, B12O2, and B12+xC3-x (0.15 0. The data are compared with expectations based upon next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD, as well as with results from PYTHIA. We also compare our integrated D+/- cross section with measurements from other experiments. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV DELHI,DELHI 110007,INDIA. FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,BATAVIA,IL 60510. NORTHEASTERN UNIV,BOSTON,MA 02115. UNIV OKLAHOMA,NORMAN,OK 73019. PENN STATE UNIV,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. UNIV PITTSBURGH,PITTSBURGH,PA 15260. UNIV ROCHESTER,ROCHESTER,NY 14627. RP Apanasevich, L (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA. RI Gutierrez, Phillip/C-1161-2011; OI Begel, Michael/0000-0002-1634-4399; CHANG, PAO-TI/0000-0003-4064-388X NR 45 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1391 EP 1406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.56.1391 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA XM775 UT WOS:A1997XM77500006 ER PT J AU Brambilla, N Vairo, A AF Brambilla, N Vairo, A TI From the Feynman-Schwinger representation to the nonperturbative relativistic bound state interaction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID BETHE-SALPETER-EQUATION; RETARDATION CORRECTIONS; QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; QUARKONIUM SPECTRUM; WILSON LOOP; ANTIQUARK; VACUUM; CONFINEMENT; QCD; DERIVATION AB We write the four-point Green function in QCD in the Feynman-Schwinger representation and show that all the dynamical information is contained in the Wilson loop average. We work out the QED case in order to obtain the usual Bethe-Salpeter kernel. Finally we discuss the QCD case in the nonperturbative regime giving some insight into the nature of the interaction kernel. C1 JEFFERSON LAB, NEWPORT NEWS, VA 23606 USA. HAMPTON UNIV, NUCL ENERGY PHYS RES CTR, HAMPTON, VA 23668 USA. RP UNIV HEIDELBERG, INST THEORET PHYS, PHILOSOPHENWEG 16, D-69120 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY. RI Brambilla, Nora/O-9943-2015 NR 45 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1445 EP 1454 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.56.1445 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA XM775 UT WOS:A1997XM77500010 ER PT J AU Belyaev, VM Johnson, MB AF Belyaev, VM Johnson, MB TI Distribution of valence quarks and light-cone QCD sum rules SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; DECAY SIGMA+->P-GAMMA; ASYMPTOTIC-BEHAVIOR; EXCLUSIVE PROCESSES; RESONANCE PHYSICS; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; FORM-FACTORS; NUCLEON; FACTORIZATION; PI AB A method for calculating the pion structure function directly in terms of light-cone wave functions is suggested. Taking twist-two and twist-four pion light-cone wave functions into account, it is shown that the QCD sum rule prediction is in agreement with the quark distribution obtained from an analysis of the Drell-Yan process. Twist-four quark-gluon light-cone wave functions give a large positive contribution to the pion structure function for x(B) < 0.2. A new constraint on the twist-two pion light-cone wave function is obtained. We argue that the leading twist pion wave function phi(pi)(u) similar or equal to 1 for u = 0.3 with an accuracy of about 20-30 %. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Belyaev, VM (reprint author), CEA SACLAY,F-91191 GIF SUR YVETTE,FRANCE. NR 45 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1481 EP 1488 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.56.1481 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA XM775 UT WOS:A1997XM77500014 ER PT J AU Wells, JD AF Wells, JD TI Electroweak symmetry-breaking Higgs boson in models with top-quark condensation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID TOPCOLOR-ASSISTED TECHNICOLOR; STANDARD MODEL; HADRON SUPERCOLLIDERS; MASS; LHC; DECAY; H->B(B)OVER-BAR AB The top quark may get its large mass not from a fundamental scalar but a Nambu-Jona-Lasinio mechanism involving a strongly coupled gauge sector that triggers top-quark condensation. Forbidding a large hierarchy in the gap equation implies that top-quark condensation is a spectator to electroweak symmetry breaking, which must be accomplished mainly by another sector. The properties of the electroweak symmetry-breaking scalars are identified. Production mechanisms and decay modes are studied. Unlike the standard model, the scalar degree of freedom most relevant to electroweak symmetry breaking can only be produced by its gauge interactions. An e(+/-)e(+/-)mu(+/-)+mu(+/-)mu(+/-)e(+/-) signal is proposed to help unambiguously detect the presence of such a gauge-coupled Higgs boson if it is light. Other useful modes of detection are also presented, and a summary is made of the search capabilities at CERN LEP II, Fermilab Tevatron, and CERN LHC. RP Wells, JD (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94309, USA. NR 50 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1504 EP 1510 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.56.1504 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA XM775 UT WOS:A1997XM77500017 ER PT J AU Kidonakis, N Smith, J Vogt, R AF Kidonakis, N Smith, J Vogt, R TI Resummed heavy quark production cross sections to next-to-leading logarithm SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID RESUMMATION; QCD; COLLISIONS AB We study how next-to-leading logarithms modify predictions from leading logarithmic soft-gluon resummation in the heavy quark production cross section near threshold. Numerical results are presented for top quark production at the Fermilab Tevatron and bottom quark production at fixed-target energies. C1 DESY,D-22603 HAMBURG,GERMANY. SUNY STONY BROOK,INST THEORET PHYS,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV NUCL SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT PHYS,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP Kidonakis, N (reprint author), UNIV EDINBURGH,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,EDINBURGH EH9 3JZ,MIDLOTHIAN,SCOTLAND. NR 27 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1553 EP 1570 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.56.1553 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA XM775 UT WOS:A1997XM77500023 ER PT J AU Pichowsky, MA Lee, TSH AF Pichowsky, MA Lee, TSH TI Exclusive diffractive processes and the quark substructure of mesons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID MUON-PROTON-SCATTERING; VECTOR-MESONS; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; PHOTOPRODUCTION; MOMENTUM; RHO(0); RHO-0; HERA AB Exclusive diffractive processes on the nucleon are investigated within a model in which the quark-nucleon interaction is mediated by Pomeron exchange and the quark substructure of mesons is described within a framework based on the Dyson-Schwinger equations of QCD. The model quark-nucleon interaction has four parameters which are completely determined by high-energy pi N and KN elastic scattering data. The model is then used to predict vector-meson electroproduction observables. The obtained rho- and phi-meson electroproduction cross sections are in excellent agreement with experimental data. The predicted q(2) dependence of J/psi-meson electroproduction also agrees with experimental data. It is shown that confined-quork dynamics plays a central role in determining the behavior of the diffractive, vector-meson electroproduction cross section. In particular, the onset of the asymptotic 1/q(4) behavior of the cross section is determined by a momentum scale that is set by the current-quark masses of the quark and antiquark inside the vector meson. This is the origin of the striking differences between the q(2) dependence of rho-, phi-, and J/psi-meson electroproduction cross sections observed in recent experiments. C1 UNIV PITTSBURGH,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,PITTSBURGH,PA 15260. RP Pichowsky, MA (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV PHYS,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 59 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1644 EP 1662 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.56.1644 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA XM775 UT WOS:A1997XM77500034 ER PT J AU Ahluwalia, DV Goldman, T AF Ahluwalia, DV Goldman, T TI Interplay of nonrelativistic and relativistic effects in neutrino oscillations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-POWER-REACTOR; SUPERNOVA 1987A; UPPER LIMIT; SEARCH; MASS; DECAYS; MATTER; BURST AB A theoretical structure that involves neutrino mass eigenstates at nonrelativistic as well as relativistic energies is presented. Using this framework, we find that if the particle X, with a mass 33.9 MeV, of the KARMEN Collaboration anomaly is identified with the third neutrino mass eigenstate, then the present limit of 23 MeV upper bound on the tau neutrino mass implies \U-tau 3\<0.82. RP LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, POB 1663, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. NR 47 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1698 EP 1703 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.56.1698 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA XM775 UT WOS:A1997XM77500041 ER PT J AU Abe, F Akimoto, H Akopian, A Albrow, MG Amendolia, SR Amidei, D Antos, J Aota, S Apollinari, G Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Atac, M Azfar, F AzziBacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Badgett, W Bagdasarov, S Bailey, MW Bao, J deBarbaro, P BarbaroGaltieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Barone, M Barzi, E Bauer, G Baumann, T Bedeschi, F Behrends, S Belforte, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Benlloch, J Bensinger, J Benton, D Beretvas, A Berge, JP Berryhill, J Bertolucci, S Bevensee, B Bhatti, A Biery, K Binkley, M Bisello, D Blair, RE Blocker, C Bodek, A Bokhari, W Bolignesi, V Bolla, G Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Breccia, L Bromberg, C Bruner, N BuckleyGeer, E Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G ByonWagner, A Byrum, KL Cammerata, J Campagnari, C Campbell, M Caner, A Carithers, W Carlsmith, D Castro, A Cauz, D Cen, Y Cervelli, F Chang, PS Chang, PT Chao, HY Chapman, J Cheng, MT Chiarelli, G Chikamatsu, T Chiou, CN Christofek, L Cihangir, S Clark, AG Cobal, M Cocca, E Contreras, M Conway, J Cooper, J Cordelli, M Couyoumtzelis, C Crane, D Croninhennessy, D Culbertson, R Daniels, T DeJongh, F Delchamps, S DellAgnello, S DellOrso, M Demina, R Demortier, L Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dittmann, JR Donati, S Done, J Dorigo, T Dunn, A Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Elias, JE Ely, R Engels, E Errede, D Errede, S Fan, Q Feild, G Ferretti, C Fiori, I Flaugher, B Foster, GW Franklin, M Frautschi, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Frisch, H Fukui, Y Funaki, S Galeotti, S Gallinaro, M Ganel, O GarciaSciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Geer, S Gerdes, DW Giannetti, P Giokaris, N Giromini, P Giusti, G Gladney, L Glenzinski, D Gold, M Gonzalez, J Gordon, A Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Grassmann, H Groer, L GrossoPilcher, C Guillian, G Guo, RS Haber, C Hafen, E Hahn, SR Hamilton, R Handler, R Hans, RM Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harral, B Harris, RM Hauger, SA Hauser, J Hawk, C Hayashi, E Heinrich, J Hinrichsen, B Hoffman, KD Hohlmann, M Holck, C Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Holscher, A Hong, S Houk, G Hu, P Huffman, BT Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Hylen, J Ikeda, H Incagli, M Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iwai, J Iwata, Y Jensen, H Joshi, U Kadel, RW Kajfasz, E Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Karr, K Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Keeble, L Kelley, K Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Kesten, P Kestenbaum, D Keup, RM Keutelian, H Keyvan, F Kharadia, B Kim, BJ Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirsch, L Koehn, P Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Kopp, S Kordas, K Korytov, A Koska, W Kovacs, E Kowald, W Krasberg, M Kroll, J Kruse, M Kuwabara, T Kuhlmann, SE Kuns, E Laasanen, AT Lami, S Lammel, S Lamoureux, JI LeCompte, T Leone, S Lewis, JD Limon, P Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, C Lockyer, N Long, O Loomis, C Loreti, M Lu, J Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lys, J Maeshima, K Maghakian, A Maksimovic, P Mangano, M Mansour, J Mariotti, M Marriner, JP Martin, A Matthews, JAJ Mattingly, R McIntyre, P Melese, P Menzione, A Meschi, E Metzler, S Miao, C Miao, T Michail, G Miller, R Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Mitsushio, H Miyamoto, T Miyashita, S Moggi, N Morita, Y Mueller, J Mukherjee, A Muller, T Murat, P Nakada, H Nakano, I Nelson, C Neuberger, D NewmanHolmes, C Ngan, CYP Ninomiya, M Nodulman, L Oh, SH Ohl, KE Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okabe, M Okusawa, T Oliveira, R Olsen, J Pagliarone, C Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Pappas, SP Parashar, N Park, S Parri, A Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Perazzo, A Pescara, L Peters, MD Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pillai, M Pitts, KT Plunkett, R Pondrom, L Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Ragan, K Reher, D Ribon, A Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robertson, WJ Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Romano, J Rosenson, L Roser, R Saab, T Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sansoni, A Santi, L Sato, H Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Scribano, A Segler, S Seidel, S Seiya, Y Sganos, G Shapiro, MD Shaw, NM Shen, Q Shepard, PF Shimojima, M Shochet, M Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Skarha, J Sliwa, K Snider, FD Song, T Spalding, J Speer, T Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Stanco, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strahl, K Strait, J Strohmer, R Stuart, D Sullivan, G Sumorok, KL Suzuki, J Takada, T Takahashi, T Takano, T Takikawa, K Tamura, N Tannenbaum, B Tartarelli, F Taylor, W Teng, PK Teramoto, Y Tether, S Theriot, D Thomas, TL Thun, R Timko, M Tipton, P Titov, A Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Toyoda, H Trischuk, W deTroconiz, JF Truitt, S Tseng, J Turini, N Uchida, T Uemura, N Ukegawa, F Unal, G Valls, J vandenBrink, SC Vejcik, S Velev, G Vidal, R Vilar, R Vondracek, M Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wahl, J Wallace, NB Walsh, AM Wang, C Wang, CH Wang, J Wang, MJ Wang, QF Warburton, A Watts, T Webb, R Wei, C Wendt, C Wenzel, H Wester, WC Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkinson, R Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Winn, D Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Worm, S Wu, X Wyss, J Yagil, A Yao, W Yasuoka, K Ye, Y Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yin, M Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yovanovitch, D Yu, I Yu, L Yun, JC Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zhang, L Zhang, W Zucchelli, S AF Abe, F Akimoto, H Akopian, A Albrow, MG Amendolia, SR Amidei, D Antos, J Aota, S Apollinari, G Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Atac, M Azfar, F AzziBacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Badgett, W Bagdasarov, S Bailey, MW Bao, J deBarbaro, P BarbaroGaltieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Barone, M Barzi, E Bauer, G Baumann, T Bedeschi, F Behrends, S Belforte, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Benlloch, J Bensinger, J Benton, D Beretvas, A Berge, JP Berryhill, J Bertolucci, S Bevensee, B Bhatti, A Biery, K Binkley, M Bisello, D Blair, RE Blocker, C Bodek, A Bokhari, W Bolignesi, V Bolla, G Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Breccia, L Bromberg, C Bruner, N BuckleyGeer, E Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G ByonWagner, A Byrum, KL Cammerata, J Campagnari, C Campbell, M Caner, A Carithers, W Carlsmith, D Castro, A Cauz, D Cen, Y Cervelli, F Chang, PS Chang, PT Chao, HY Chapman, J Cheng, MT Chiarelli, G Chikamatsu, T Chiou, CN Christofek, L Cihangir, S Clark, AG Cobal, M Cocca, E Contreras, M Conway, J Cooper, J Cordelli, M Couyoumtzelis, C Crane, D Croninhennessy, D Culbertson, R Daniels, T DeJongh, F Delchamps, S DellAgnello, S DellOrso, M Demina, R Demortier, L Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dittmann, JR Donati, S Done, J Dorigo, T Dunn, A Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Elias, JE Ely, R Engels, E Errede, D Errede, S Fan, Q Feild, G Ferretti, C Fiori, I Flaugher, B Foster, GW Franklin, M Frautschi, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Frisch, H Fukui, Y Funaki, S Galeotti, S Gallinaro, M Ganel, O GarciaSciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Geer, S Gerdes, DW Giannetti, P Giokaris, N Giromini, P Giusti, G Gladney, L Glenzinski, D Gold, M Gonzalez, J Gordon, A Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Grassmann, H Groer, L GrossoPilcher, C Guillian, G Guo, RS Haber, C Hafen, E Hahn, SR Hamilton, R Handler, R Hans, RM Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harral, B Harris, RM Hauger, SA Hauser, J Hawk, C Hayashi, E Heinrich, J Hinrichsen, B Hoffman, KD Hohlmann, M Holck, C Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Holscher, A Hong, S Houk, G Hu, P Huffman, BT Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Hylen, J Ikeda, H Incagli, M Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iwai, J Iwata, Y Jensen, H Joshi, U Kadel, RW Kajfasz, E Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Karr, K Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Keeble, L Kelley, K Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Kesten, P Kestenbaum, D Keup, RM Keutelian, H Keyvan, F Kharadia, B Kim, BJ Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirsch, L Koehn, P Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Kopp, S Kordas, K Korytov, A Koska, W Kovacs, E Kowald, W Krasberg, M Kroll, J Kruse, M Kuwabara, T Kuhlmann, SE Kuns, E Laasanen, AT Lami, S Lammel, S Lamoureux, JI LeCompte, T Leone, S Lewis, JD Limon, P Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, C Lockyer, N Long, O Loomis, C Loreti, M Lu, J Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lys, J Maeshima, K Maghakian, A Maksimovic, P Mangano, M Mansour, J Mariotti, M Marriner, JP Martin, A Matthews, JAJ Mattingly, R McIntyre, P Melese, P Menzione, A Meschi, E Metzler, S Miao, C Miao, T Michail, G Miller, R Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Mitsushio, H Miyamoto, T Miyashita, S Moggi, N Morita, Y Mueller, J Mukherjee, A Muller, T Murat, P Nakada, H Nakano, I Nelson, C Neuberger, D NewmanHolmes, C Ngan, CYP Ninomiya, M Nodulman, L Oh, SH Ohl, KE Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okabe, M Okusawa, T Oliveira, R Olsen, J Pagliarone, C Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Pappas, SP Parashar, N Park, S Parri, A Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Perazzo, A Pescara, L Peters, MD Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pillai, M Pitts, KT Plunkett, R Pondrom, L Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Ragan, K Reher, D Ribon, A Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robertson, WJ Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Romano, J Rosenson, L Roser, R Saab, T Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sansoni, A Santi, L Sato, H Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Scribano, A Segler, S Seidel, S Seiya, Y Sganos, G Shapiro, MD Shaw, NM Shen, Q Shepard, PF Shimojima, M Shochet, M Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Skarha, J Sliwa, K Snider, FD Song, T Spalding, J Speer, T Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Stanco, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strahl, K Strait, J Strohmer, R Stuart, D Sullivan, G Sumorok, KL Suzuki, J Takada, T Takahashi, T Takano, T Takikawa, K Tamura, N Tannenbaum, B Tartarelli, F Taylor, W Teng, PK Teramoto, Y Tether, S Theriot, D Thomas, TL Thun, R Timko, M Tipton, P Titov, A Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Toyoda, H Trischuk, W deTroconiz, JF Truitt, S Tseng, J Turini, N Uchida, T Uemura, N Ukegawa, F Unal, G Valls, J vandenBrink, SC Vejcik, S Velev, G Vidal, R Vilar, R Vondracek, M Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wahl, J Wallace, NB Walsh, AM Wang, C Wang, CH Wang, J Wang, MJ Wang, QF Warburton, A Watts, T Webb, R Wei, C Wendt, C Wenzel, H Wester, WC Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkinson, R Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Winn, D Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Worm, S Wu, X Wyss, J Yagil, A Yao, W Yasuoka, K Ye, Y Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yin, M Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yovanovitch, D Yu, I Yu, L Yun, JC Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zhang, L Zhang, W Zucchelli, S TI Search for gluinos and squarks at the Fermilab tevatron collider SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID = 1.8 TEV; (P)OVER-BAR-P COLLISIONS; SUPERSYMMETRIC PARTICLES; P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; SUPERGRAVITY; DETECTOR; EVENTS; ENERGY; DECAYS; LEP AB We report on a search for supersymmetric squark and gluino particles in a data sample of 19 ph(-1) of collisions at root s = 1.8 TeV recorded by the Collider Detector at Fermilab. We searched for events containing jets plus appreciable missing transverse energy (E-T). This signature is indicative of pair production and subsequent decay of squarks and/or gluinos. After all cuts, there are 18 events with E-T > 60 GeV and three jets, and 6 events with E-T > 60 GeV and four jets. These numbers of events are consistent with estimates of standard model processes plus detector-induced background sources. The analysis yields lower limits on gluino and squark masses, based on the predictions from the mnimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model. At the 95% confidence level, we find gluino and squark mass limits up to 216 GeV/c(2), assuming equal gluino and squark masses, and gluino mass limits up to 173 GeV/c(2), independent of squark mass. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. UNIV BOLOGNA,IST NAZL FIS NUCL,I-40127 BOLOGNA,ITALY. BRANDEIS UNIV,WALTHAM,MA 02264. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. UNIV CHICAGO,CHICAGO,IL 60638. DUKE UNIV,DURHAM,NC 28708. FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,BATAVIA,IL 60510. UNIV FLORIDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 33611. IST NAZL FIS NUCL,LAB NAZL FRASCATI,I-00044 FRASCATI,ITALY. UNIV GENEVA,CH-1211 GENEVA 4,SWITZERLAND. HARVARD UNIV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. HIROSHIMA UNIV,HIGASHIHIROSHIMA 724,JAPAN. UNIV ILLINOIS,URBANA,IL 61801. MCGILL UNIV,INST PARTICLE PHYS,MONTREAL,PQ H2A 2T8,CANADA. UNIV TORONTO,TORONTO,ON M5S 1A7,CANADA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. MIT,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. UNIV MICHIGAN,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,E LANSING,MI 48824. UNIV NEW MEXICO,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87132. OHIO STATE UNIV,COLUMBUS,OH 43320. OSAKA CITY UNIV,OSAKA 588,JAPAN. UNIV PADUA,IST NAZL FIS NUCL,SEZ PADOVA,I-36132 PADUA,ITALY. UNIV PENN,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. UNIV PISA,IST NAZL FIS NUCL,I-56100 PISA,ITALY. SCUOLA NORMALE SUPER PISA,I-56100 PISA,ITALY. UNIV PITTSBURGH,PITTSBURGH,PA 15270. PURDUE UNIV,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. UNIV ROCHESTER,ROCHESTER,NY 14628. ROCKEFELLER UNIV,NEW YORK,NY 10021. RUTGERS STATE UNIV,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08854. ACAD SINICA,TAIPEI 11530,TAIWAN. TEXAS A&M UNIV,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. TEXAS TECH UNIV,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. UNIV TSUKUBA,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 315,JAPAN. TUFTS UNIV,MEDFORD,MA 02155. UNIV WISCONSIN,MADISON,WI 53806. YALE UNIV,NEW HAVEN,CT 06511. RP Abe, F (reprint author), NATL LAB HIGH ENERGY PHYS,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 315,JAPAN. RI Vucinic, Dejan/C-2406-2008; Peters, Michael/B-4973-2009; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; OI CHANG, PAO-TI/0000-0003-4064-388X; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Lami, Stefano/0000-0001-9492-0147; Toback, David/0000-0003-3457-4144 NR 34 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 3 BP R1357 EP R1362 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA XM775 UT WOS:A1997XM77500002 ER PT J AU Burakovsky, L Goldman, T AF Burakovsky, L Goldman, T TI Constraint on axial-vector meson mixing angle from the nonrelativistic constituent quark model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID ANTIQUARK POTENTIAL MODELS; REGGE TRAJECTORIES; CHROMODYNAMICS; MASSES AB In a nonrelativistic constituent quark model we find a constraint on the mixing angle of the strange axial-vector mesons, 35 degrees less than or similar to theta(K) less than or similar to 55 degrees, determined solely by two parameters: the mass difference of the a(1) and b(1) mesons and the ratio of the constituent quark masses. RP Burakovsky, L (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,MS B285,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 27 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 3 BP R1368 EP R1372 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA XM775 UT WOS:A1997XM77500004 ER PT J AU Guilkey, JE Kerstein, AR McMurtry, PA Klewicki, JC AF Guilkey, JE Kerstein, AR McMurtry, PA Klewicki, JC TI Long-tailed probability distributions in turbulent-pipe-flow mixing SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article AB Exponential-tailed scalar probability density functions (PDF's) are obtained by high-pass filtering scalar concentration time series measured in turbulent pipe how. This behavior reflects the scale separation of scalar and velocity fluctuations that develops in this flow, such that the low-wave-number scalar fluctuations act as an imposed scalar gradient stirred by finer-scale wall-generated shear. This observation broadens the class of flows in which long-tailed scalar PDF's are anticipated to occur. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS, COMBUST RES FACIL, LIVERMORE, CA 94551 USA. RP UNIV UTAH, DEPT MECH ENGN, SALT LAKE CITY, UT 84112 USA. OI Klewicki, Joseph/0000-0002-4921-3272 NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD AUG PY 1997 VL 56 IS 2 BP 1753 EP 1758 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.56.1753 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA XR160 UT WOS:A1997XR16000064 ER PT J AU Wallace, DC AF Wallace, DC TI Evaluation of thermodynamic functions of elemental crystals and liquids SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID GROUP-IV METALS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TRANSITION-METALS; ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; PHONON-DISPERSION; BCC PHASE; SODIUM; ENTROPY AB Techniques are summarized for evaluating thermodynamic functions for pure elements in crystal and liquid phases. An accurate evaluation of the ion-motional free energy is given by quasiharmonic lattice dynamics at quantum temperatures, and computer simulations (e.g., molecular dynamics) at classical temperatures for both crystal and liquid. The computer simulations require knowledge of the effective ion-ion potentials, and since these are not generally available, two approximations for proceeding without them are discussed. First, neglecting anharmonicity in crystals leaves only the quasiharmonic ion-motional free energy, depending almost entirely on the characteristic temperature theta(0), which is the logarithmic moment of the quasiharmonic phonon frequencies. Second, identifying in the constant-density entropy of melting a universal disordering contribution Delta similar or equal to 0.80Nk provides approximate evaluation of the thermodynamic properties of liquids at melt. The errors of these approximations are assessed. RP Wallace, DC (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 24 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD AUG PY 1997 VL 56 IS 2 BP 1981 EP 1986 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.56.1981 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA XR160 UT WOS:A1997XR16000091 ER PT J AU Cohen, BI Dimits, AM AF Cohen, BI Dimits, AM TI Implicit, partially linearized, electromagnetic particle simulation of plasma drift-wave turbulence SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID FLUID MODEL TURBULENCE; EDGE ELECTRIC-FIELD; POLOIDAL ROTATION; H-MODE; TOKAMAKS; INSTABILITIES; TRANSITION AB Implicit, perturbative algorithms [B. I. Cohen, A. M. Dimits, J. J. Stimson, and D. C. Barnes, Phys. Rev. E 53, 2708 (1996)] are extended to address electromagnetic particle simulation of drift-wave instabilities in electron and ion plasmas with a strong applied magnetic field. The algorithms use gyrokinetic ions and drift-kinetic electrons with a realistic mass ratio. Implicit moment and direct implicit solutions of the coupled Maxwell and plasma dynamical equations are demonstrated. Aspects of the numerical dispersion properties are confirmed in test simulations. Applications to ion-temperature-gradient and collisionless drift instabilities in a two-dimensional slab with magnetic shear are presented that illustrate the efficacy of the algorithms and the electromagnetic effects. RP Cohen, BI (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD AUG PY 1997 VL 56 IS 2 BP 2151 EP 2160 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.56.2151 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA XR160 UT WOS:A1997XR16000109 ER PT J AU Ritchie, B Dykema, PG Braddy, D AF Ritchie, B Dykema, PG Braddy, D TI Use of fast-Fourier-transform computational methods in radiation transport SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID PROPAGATION; IONIZATION AB Fast-Fourier-transform computational methods are used to solve the radiation-transport equation. Results are presented in nondiffusive and diffusive regimes. In the latter regime the method is benchmarked against the Schrodinger equation, which has the form of a diffusion equation in imaginary time. The method is further tested against prototypical problems in radiation transport. RP Ritchie, B (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD AUG PY 1997 VL 56 IS 2 BP 2217 EP 2227 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.56.2217 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA XR160 UT WOS:A1997XR16000116 ER PT J AU Jarzynski, C AF Jarzynski, C TI Berry's conjecture and information theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM AB It is shown that, by applying a principle of information theory. one obtains Berry's conjecture regarding the high-lying quantal energy eigenstates of classically chaotic systems. RP Jarzynski, C (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,T-6,MS B288,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. RI Jarzynski, Christopher/B-4490-2009 OI Jarzynski, Christopher/0000-0002-3464-2920 NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD AUG PY 1997 VL 56 IS 2 BP 2254 EP 2256 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.56.2254 PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA XR160 UT WOS:A1997XR16000120 ER PT J AU Woolsey, NC Hammel, BA Keane, CJ Asfaw, A Back, CA Moreno, JC Nash, JK Calisti, A Mosse, C Stamm, R Talin, B Klein, L Lee, RW AF Woolsey, NC Hammel, BA Keane, CJ Asfaw, A Back, CA Moreno, JC Nash, JK Calisti, A Mosse, C Stamm, R Talin, B Klein, L Lee, RW TI Evolution of electron temperature and electron density in indirectly driven spherical implosions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID RAY SPECTROSCOPIC MEASUREMENTS; K-SHELL; SPECTRA; PLASMA; FUEL AB Using spectroscopic measurements to extract electron density and temperature, we construct simulation-independent time histories of the assembly and disassembly phase of an imploding core, To achieve this, we show the hot dense plasma produced by indirectly imploding gas-filled microsphere is a reproducible and reliable plasma source. We further show that this plasma is suitable for detailed hydrodynamic and spectroscopic studies, and that the plasma provides a useful testbed for nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium plasma studies at extreme conditions. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. UNIV AIX MARSEILLE 1,URA 773 CASE 232,CTR ST JEROME,F-13397 MARSEILLE 20,FRANCE. HOWARD UNIV,DEPT PHYS,WASHINGTON,DC 20059. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RI Mosse, Caroline/F-9192-2013; OI Calisti, Annette/0000-0001-6727-9286 NR 16 TC 33 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD AUG PY 1997 VL 56 IS 2 BP 2314 EP 2317 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.56.2314 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA XR160 UT WOS:A1997XR16000137 ER PT J AU Benkadda, S Gabbai, P Zaslavsky, GM AF Benkadda, S Gabbai, P Zaslavsky, GM TI Passive particle dynamics in a flow exhibiting transition to turbulence SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL TURBULENCE; CHAOTIC STREAMLINES; ANOMALOUS TRANSPORT; ROSSBY WAVES; ADVECTION; MODELS AB The behavior of a passive particle in a flow that exhibits bifurcations in the transition to a turbulent regime is investigated. The flow considered is a variant of the Charney-Hasegawa-Mima equation. The scalar particle dynamics is considered for different regimes of the main flow. A regime of anomalous diffusion (hypodiffusion) is observed when the field has few harmonics whereas normal diffusion occurs in the strange attractor regime. The analysis of the singular orbit reveals the presence of traps and flights that control the transport. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 PRINCETON UNIV,PLASMA PHYS LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08543. NYU,COURANT INST MATH SCI,NEW YORK,NY 10012. NYU,DEPT PHYS,NEW YORK,NY 10003. NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 1997 VL 4 IS 8 BP 2864 EP 2870 DI 10.1063/1.872577 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA XP709 UT WOS:A1997XP70900011 ER PT J AU Isler, RC McKee, GR Brooks, NH West, WP Fenstermacher, ME Wood, RD AF Isler, RC McKee, GR Brooks, NH West, WP Fenstermacher, ME Wood, RD TI Signatures of deuterium recombination in the DIII-D divertor SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID EDGE PLASMAS AB Thomson scattering measurements performed in the divertor of the DIII-D tokamak [Plasma Physics Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, 1986 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1987), Vol. I, p. 159] during detached operation show that the electron temperatures are typically between 0.8 and 2.0 eV throughout a region which may extend several centimeters above the target plate. At such low temperatures the excitation of recycling deuterium atoms or impurities should be weak. Nevertheless, significant radiation is frequently detected in these locations. It has been suggested that recombination processes, which become important only below about 1.5 eV for deuterium, are responsible for the observed emission. This hypothesis has been investigated by comparing ratios of deuterium lines from attached and detached plasmas with theoretical ratios expected for ionizing or recombining conditions. The analysis of several discharges indicates that the mechanism for production of the emission changes from being collisional excitation of atomic deuterium to a mixture of collisional-radiative recombination and collisional excitation as plasmas evolve from attached to detached states. Localization of D-a emission to low-temperature regions using tangentially viewing camera data together with Thomson scattering results and measurements of deuterium atom temperatures are consistent with these conclusions. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 OAK RIDGE INST SCI & EDUC,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. GEN ATOM CO,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 95540. RP Isler, RC (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37830, USA. OI Isler, Ralph/0000-0002-5368-7200 NR 17 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 1997 VL 4 IS 8 BP 2989 EP 2996 DI 10.1063/1.872432 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA XP709 UT WOS:A1997XP70900027 ER PT J AU Cobble, JA Johnson, RP Mason, RJ AF Cobble, JA Johnson, RP Mason, RJ TI High-intensity illumination of an exploding foil SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; PULSE LASER PROPAGATION; UNDERDENSE PLASMA; INSTABILITIES; GENERATION; IGNITION; TARGETS; TRIDENT; DRIVEN; RAMAN AB In an experiment relevant to the fast ignitor fusion concept, a preformed plasma simulating the corona of a fusion target has been probed with laser intensities exceeding 10(18) W/cm(2). It is seen that the f number of the probe beam is increased as it propagates through the target plasma-a channeling of the power. The transmission and backscatter of the probe beam have been examined, and the analysis suggests anomalous absorption of laser light in shorter scale length plasmas. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. RP Cobble, JA (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,P-24,E526,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 1997 VL 4 IS 8 BP 3006 EP 3011 DI 10.1063/1.872435 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA XP709 UT WOS:A1997XP70900030 ER PT J AU Baker, KL Drake, RP Bauer, BS Estabrook, KG Rubenchik, AM Labaune, C Baldis, HA Renard, N Baton, SD Schifano, E Michard, A Seka, W Bahr, RE AF Baker, KL Drake, RP Bauer, BS Estabrook, KG Rubenchik, AM Labaune, C Baldis, HA Renard, N Baton, SD Schifano, E Michard, A Seka, W Bahr, RE TI Observation of the Langmuir decay instability driven by stimulated Raman scattering SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID LASER-PRODUCED PLASMAS; LONG-SCALE-LENGTH; ION-ACOUSTIC-WAVES; BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; THOMSON SCATTERING; SATURATION; EXCITATION; FREQUENCY; SPECTRA; MODEL AB Thomson scattering was used to measure the Langmuir wave spectrum driven by stimulated Raman scattering. The Thomson scattering signals measured in the experiment showed Langmuir waves with components both parallel and antiparallel to the incident laser's wave vector, k(0), The parallel component was attributed to stimulated Raman scattering. However, the Langmuir waves with components antiparallel to k(0), which cannot be explained by stimulated Raman scattering, were attributed to the Langmuir decay instability (LDI), The relative amplitude of the two Langmuir wave features and their angular width supported the conclusion that the Langmuir waves traveling antiparallel to the incident laser's wave vector were driven by the Langmuir decay instability. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DAVIS,CA. ECOLE POLYTECH,CNRS,LAB UTILISAT LASERS INTENSES,F-91128 PALAISEAU,FRANCE. UNIV ROCHESTER,ROCHESTER,NY 14627. RI Drake, R Paul/I-9218-2012 OI Drake, R Paul/0000-0002-5450-9844 NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 1997 VL 4 IS 8 BP 3012 EP 3020 DI 10.1063/1.872436 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA XP709 UT WOS:A1997XP70900031 ER PT J AU Moretto, LG Ghetti, R Phair, L Tso, K Wozniak, GJ AF Moretto, LG Ghetti, R Phair, L Tso, K Wozniak, GJ TI Reducibility and thermal scaling in nuclear multifragmentation SO PHYSICS REPORTS-REVIEW SECTION OF PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Review ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; COMPLEX-FRAGMENT EMISSION; GAS PHASE-TRANSITION; E/A = 50; AZIMUTHAL CORRELATION-FUNCTIONS; NONEQUILIBRIUM LIGHT PARTICLES; ELEMENTARY BINARY EMISSION; AR-36+AU-197 COLLISIONS; INTERMEDIATE-ENERGY; TIME-SCALES AB Recent studies have revealed the existence of a number of reducibility and thermal scaling properties in nuclear multifragmentation. The probability of emitting n-fragments is found to be reducible to the probability of emitting a single fragment through the binomial expression. The resulting one fragment probability shows thermal scaling by producing linear Arrhenius plots. Similarly, the charge distributions associated with n-fragment emission are reducible to the one-fragment charge distribution. Thermal scaling is also observed. The reducibility equation contains a constant whose value, zero or positive, can be related to a univariant (two phase) or bivariant (one-phase) regime. The light fragment particle-particle angular correlations also show reducibility to the single-particle angular distributions as well as thermal scaling. A mass scaling associated with the angular correlations suggests emission from several small sources (A approximate to 20). The limits of applicability of scaling and reducibility are discussed as well as their implications for the mechanism of multifragmentation. RP Moretto, LG (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV NUCL SCI,1 CYCLOTRON RD,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 131 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-1573 J9 PHYS REP JI Phys. Rep.-Rev. Sec. Phys. Lett. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 287 IS 3 BP 250 EP 336 PG 87 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XP946 UT WOS:A1997XP94600001 ER PT J AU Soulen, RJ Fogle, WE AF Soulen, RJ Fogle, WE TI Temperature scales below 1 Kelvin SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Article ID HE-3; THERMOMETRY; HEAT; MK C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA. RP Soulen, RJ (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,SUPERCONDUCTING MAT SECT,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD AUG PY 1997 VL 50 IS 8 BP 36 EP 42 DI 10.1063/1.881886 PN 1 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XP137 UT WOS:A1997XP13700007 ER PT J AU Shi, LF Twary, SN Yoshioka, H Gregerson, RG Miller, SS Samac, DA Gantt, JS Unkefer, PJ Vance, CP AF Shi, LF Twary, SN Yoshioka, H Gregerson, RG Miller, SS Samac, DA Gantt, JS Unkefer, PJ Vance, CP TI Nitrogen assimilation in alfalfa: Isolation and characterization of an asparagine synthetase gene showing enhanced expression in root nodules and dark-adapted leaves SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID MEDICAGO-SATIVA L; TRANSGENIC LOTUS-CORNICULATUS; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; GLUTAMINE-SYNTHETASE; PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; RHIZOBIUM-MELILOTI; SOYBEAN NODULES; METABOLIC-REGULATION; LEGHEMOGLOBIN GENE AB Asparagine, the primary assimilation product from N-2 fixation in temperate legumes and the predominant nitrogen transport product in many plant species, is synthesized via asparagine synthetase (AS; EC 6.3.5.4). Here, we report the isolation and characterization of a cDNA and a gene encoding the nodule-enhanced form of AS from alfalfa. The AS gene is comprised of 13 exons separated by 12 introns. The 5' flanking region of the AS gene confers nodule-enhanced reporter gene activity in transformed alfalfa. This region also confers enhanced reporter gene activity in dark-treated leaves. These results indicate that the 5' upstream region of the AS gene contains elements that affect expression in root nodules and leaves. Both AS mRNA and enzyme activity increased similar to 10- to 20-fold during the development of effective nodules. Ineffective nodules have strikingly reduced amounts of AS transcript. Alfalfa leaves have quite low levels of AS mRNA and protein; however, exposure to darkness resulted in a considerable increase in both. In situ hybridization with effective nodules and beta-glucuronidase staining of nodules from transgenic plants showed that AS is expressed in both infected and uninfected cells of the nodule symbiotic zone and in the nodule parenchyma. RNA gel blot analysis and in situ hybridization results are consistent with the hypothesis that initial AS expression in nodules is independent of nitrogenase activity. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NAGOYA UNIV,PLANT PATHOL LAB,CHIKUSA KU,NAGOYA,AICHI 46401,JAPAN. LYON COLL,DEPT BIOL,BATESVILLE,AR 72503. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT BIOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 79 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD AUG PY 1997 VL 9 IS 8 BP 1339 EP 1356 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA XT474 UT WOS:A1997XT47400009 PM 9286111 ER PT J AU Nijs, I Ferris, R Blum, H Hendrey, G Impens, I AF Nijs, I Ferris, R Blum, H Hendrey, G Impens, I TI Stomatal regulation in a changing climate: a field study using Free Air Temperature Increase (FATI) and Free Air CO2 enrichment (FACE) SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Lolium perenne; climate change; elevated CO2 concentration; free air exposure; modelling; perennial ryegrass; stomatal conductance; transpiration; water use efficiency ID ELEVATED CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PERENNIAL RYEGRASS; WATER RELATIONS; LOLIUM-PERENNE; LEAF; GROWTH; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TRANSPIRATION; COTTON AB This study investigates effects of climate warming (+2.5 degrees C above ambient) and elevated CO2 concentration (600 mu mol mol(-1)) on the stomatal functioning and the water relations of Lolium perenne, using Free Air Temperature Increase (FATI) and Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE), Compared to growth at ambient temperature, whole-season temperature increase reduced leaf stomatal conductance, but only at the top of the canopy (-14.6 and -8.8% at ambient and elevated CO2, respectively), However, because higher canopy temperature raised the leaf-to-air vapour pressure difference, leaf transpiration rate increased (+28% at ambient and +48% at elevated CO2) and instantaneous leaf water use efficiency, derived from short-term measurements of assimilation and transpiration rate, declined (-11% at ambient and -13% at elevated CO2). Nevertheless, at the stand level, growth at +2.5 degrees C reduced transpiration due to fewer tillers per plant and a smaller leaf area per tiller, This sparser vegetation was also more closely coupled to the atmosphere and maintained a drier internal microclimate. To assess whether the stomatal behaviour observed in this experiment could be explained by prevailing concepts of stomatal functioning, three models were applied (Cowan 1977; Ball, Woodrow & Berry 1987; Leuning 1995), The latter model accounted for the highest proportion of variability in the data (58%) and was insensitive to CO2 and temperature regime, which suggests that the principles of stomatal regulation are not affected by changes in CO2 or climate. C1 UNIV READING,DEPT AGR,PLANT ENVIRONM LAB,READING RG2 9AD,BERKS,ENGLAND. SWISS FED INST TECHNOL,INST PLANT SCI,CH-8092 ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. RP Nijs, I (reprint author), UNIV INSTELLING ANTWERP,DEPT BIOL,LAB PLANT ECOL,UNIV PLEIN 1,B-2610 WILRIJK,BELGIUM. NR 40 TC 59 Z9 148 U1 1 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 20 IS 8 BP 1041 EP 1050 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1997.tb00680.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XW015 UT WOS:A1997XW01500007 ER PT J AU Burton, SK VantHof, J Bryant, JA AF Burton, SK VantHof, J Bryant, JA TI Novel DNA-binding characteristics of a protein associated with DNA polymerase-alpha in pea SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PRIMER RECOGNITION PROTEINS; HU PROTEIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MULTIPROTEIN COMPLEX; REPLICATION ORIGIN; AUTOANTIGEN-KU; PISUM-SATIVUM; PURIFICATION; ANTIGEN; INVITRO AB DNA polymerase-alpha-primase may be isolated from pea shoot tip cells as a large (1.25 x 10(6) Da) multi-protein complex. The complex exhibits several enzyme activities and also binds to DNA. One of the DNA-binding activities has been purified as a 42 kDa polypeptide. The binding of this polypeptide to linear DNA fragments and to open circular plasmids has been studied by electron microscopy. The protein binds to restriction enzyme-generated cohesive ends of linear fragments and also exhibits some interstitial binding. Binding at the ends of linear molecules is very markedly reduced if the molecules are previously treated with S1 nuclease. The protein also binds to open circular plasmids; the number of binding sites is increased by exposing the plasmids to gamma irradiation prior to the DNA-protein interaction. In these experiments, the number of protein units bound is directly related to the radiation dose. With both linear and open circular molecules, binding of the protein to the DNA leads to an apparent shortening of the DNA molecule. These observations, taken with the finding that the protein does not bind to completely single stranded DNA, lead to the suggestion that the protein binds to double-stranded-single-stranded (ds-ss) junctions in DNA and that binding causes the DNA to wrap round the protein. C1 UNIV EXETER,DEPT BIOL SCI,EXETER EX4 4QG,DEVON,ENGLAND. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT BIOL,UPTON,NY 11973. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 12 IS 2 BP 357 EP 365 DI 10.1046/j.1365-313X.1997.12020357.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XW536 UT WOS:A1997XW53600011 PM 9301088 ER PT J AU Osborne, CP Drake, BG LaRoche, J Long, SP AF Osborne, CP Drake, BG LaRoche, J Long, SP TI Does long-term elevation of CO2 concentration increase photosynthesis in forest floor vegetation? Indian strawberry in a Maryland forest (vol 114, pg 337, 1997) SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Correction, Addition AB As the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO(2)) in the atmosphere rises, photorespiratory loss of carbon in C-3 photosynthesis will diminish and the net efficiency of light-limited photosynthetic carbon uptake should rise. We tested this expectation for Indian strawberry (Duchesnea indica) growing on a Maryland forest floor. Open-top chambers were used to elevate the pCO(2) of a forest floor habitat to 67 Pa and were paired with control chambers providing an ambient pCO(2) of 38 Pa. After 3.5 years, D. indica leaves grown and measured in the elevated pCO(2) showed a significantly greater maximum quantum efficiency of net photosynthesis (by 22%) and a lower light compensation point (by 42%) than leaves grown and measured in the control chambers. The quantum efficiency to minimize photorespiration, measured in 1% O-2, was the same for controls and plants grown at elevated pCO(2). This showed that the maximum efficiency of light-energy transduction into assimilated carbon was not altered by acclimation and that the increase in light-limited photosynthesis at elevated pCO(2) was simply a function of the decrease in photorespiration. Acclimation did decrease the ribulose-1,5-bisphospbate carboxylase/oxygenase and light-harvesting chlorophyll protein content of the leaf by more than 30%. These changes were associated with a decreased capacity for light-saturated, but not light-limited, photosynthesis. Even so, leaves of D. indica grown and measured at elevated pCO(2) showed greater light-saturated photosynthetic rates than leaves grown and measured at the current atmospheric pCO(2). In situ measurements under natural forest floor lighting showed large increases in leaf photosynthesis at elevated pCO(2), relative to controls, in both summer and fall. The increase in efficiency of light-limited photosynthesis with elevated pCO(2) allowed positive net photosynthetic carbon uptake on days and at locations on the forest floor that light fluxes were insufficient for positive net photosynthesis in the current atmospheric pCO(2). C1 SMITHSONIAN ENVIRONM RES CTR,EDGEWATER,MD 21037. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT APPL SCI,UPTON,NY 11973. RP Osborne, CP (reprint author), UNIV ESSEX,DEPT SCI BIOL,JOHN TABOR LABS,COLCHESTER CO4 3SQ,ESSEX,ENGLAND. RI Long, Stephen/A-2488-2008; LaRoche, Julie/A-1109-2010 OI Long, Stephen/0000-0002-8501-7164; NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 114 IS 4 BP 1571 EP 1571 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XQ976 UT WOS:A1997XQ97600048 ER PT J AU Lyon, JF AF Lyon, JF TI Considerations in stellarator concept improvement SO PLASMA PHYSICS REPORTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Japan-US/JIFT Workshop on Advanced Confinement Concept and Theory CY OCT, 1996 CL NEW YORK, NY ID CHS HELIOTRON TORSATRON; H-MODE; TOKAMAK; CONFINEMENT; DISCHARGES; TRANSITION; TRANSPORT; PLASMA; FIELD AB This paper discusses recent results from stellarator reactor studies and experiments, primarily Wendelstein 7-AS (W7-AS), in three key areas-confinement improvement, beta limits, and magnetic-island-based divertors-that are important for development of a more compact stellarator configuration. The reactor studies show the importance of a lower ratio of the average major radius to the minimum plasma-coil distance, better confinement for higher beta, and a practical power and particle handling system in developing an improved stellarator reactor concept. Confinement improvement and neoclassical ambipolar electric fields are seen in W7-AS. Pellet injection and bulk ion cyclotron range of frequency heating have been demonstrated in W7-AS that could be used to improve confinement in stellarators by controlling an internal transport barrier. W7-AS data agree with the calculated MHD equilibrium; the plasma is quiescent at a volume-average beta [beta] = 1.8%, but what determines the stability limit is less clear in W7-AS and the Compact Helical System (CHS). Initial tests of particle control with a local island divertor have been conducted on the CHS; tests of a different type of island divertor concept are planned for W7-AS. These results have implications for the new, more compact stellarator concepts (SMARTH and MHH2) that are being developed in the U.S. program. RP Lyon, JF (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA PUBL PI WOODBURY PA C/O AMERICAN INST PHYSICS, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, MEMBER SUBSCRIBER SERVICES, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1063-780X J9 PLASMA PHYS REP JI Plasma Phys. Rep. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 23 IS 8 BP 625 EP 639 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA XU135 UT WOS:A1997XU13500001 ER PT J AU Penetrante, BM Hsiao, MC Bardsley, JN Merritt, BT Vogtlin, GE Kuthi, A Burkhart, CP Bayless, JR AF Penetrante, BM Hsiao, MC Bardsley, JN Merritt, BT Vogtlin, GE Kuthi, A Burkhart, CP Bayless, JR TI Identification of mechanisms for decomposition of air pollutants by non-thermal plasma processing SO PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Europhysics Sectional Conference on Atomic and Molecular Physics of Ionized Gases CY AUG 27-30, 1996 CL POPRAD, SLOVAKIA ID ELECTRON; CHCL3 AB Non-thermal plasma processing methods have been shown to be effective for treating dilute concentrations of pollutants in large-volume atmospheric-pressure air streams. This paper presents results from basic experimental and theoretical studies aimed at identifying the main reactions responsible for the decomposition of four representative compounds: carbon tetrachloride, methylene chloride, trichloroethylene and methanol. Each of these compounds is shown to be decomposed by a different plasma species: electrons, nitrogen atoms, oxygen radicals and positive ions, respectively. By understanding what plasma species is responsible for the decomposition of a pollutant molecule, it is possible to establish the electrical power requirements of the plasma reactor and help identify the initial reactions that lead to the subsequent process chemistry. These studies are essential for predicting the scaling of the process to commercial size units. C1 FIRST POINT SCI INC,AGOURA HILLS,CA 91301. RP Penetrante, BM (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 18 TC 130 Z9 132 U1 1 U2 20 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6BE SN 0963-0252 J9 PLASMA SOURCES SCI T JI Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 6 IS 3 BP 251 EP 259 DI 10.1088/0963-0252/6/3/002 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA XV790 UT WOS:A1997XV79000001 ER PT J AU Dyakin, VM Skobelev, IY Faenov, AY Bartnik, A Fiedorowicz, H Szczurek, M Osterheld, A Nilsen, J AF Dyakin, VM Skobelev, IY Faenov, AY Bartnik, A Fiedorowicz, H Szczurek, M Osterheld, A Nilsen, J TI Precision measurements of the wavelengths of spectral lines of multiply charged krypton and argon ions formed in a gas target heated by laser radiation SO QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article ID NA-LIKE; AUTOIONIZATION STATES; RESONANCE LINES; TRANSITIONS; SATELLITES; PLASMA AB The first precision (with an error of 0.4 - 1.6 m Angstrom) measurements were made of the wavelengths of x-ray spectral lines emitted as a result of n = 4-n' = 2 transitions in the Ne-and Na-like Kr XXVII and Kr XXVI ions, The spectra were recorded by means of a spectrograph with a spherically bent mica crystal, characterised by a spectral resolution lambda/Delta lambda approximate to 5 x 10(3), The dispersion characteristic of this crystal was determined with the aid of reference lines, which were emitted by the He-like Ar XVII ion, The wavelengths of a series of dielectronic satellites of the resonance line of the ArXVII ion were identified and measured, The results obtained were compared with calculated data. C1 All Russia Sci Res Inst Physicotech & Radio Engn, State Sci Ctr, Mendeleevo 141570, Moscow Province, Russia. Mil Tech Acad, Inst Optoelect, PL-01498 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Dyakin, VM (reprint author), All Russia Sci Res Inst Physicotech & Radio Engn, State Sci Ctr, Mendeleevo 141570, Moscow Province, Russia. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU TURPION LTD PI LETCHWORTH PA TURPION DISTRIBUTION SERVICES, BLACKHORSE RD, LETCHWORTH, HERTS, ENGLAND SG6 1HN SN 1063-7818 J9 QUANTUM ELECTRON+ JI Quantum Electron. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 27 IS 8 BP 691 EP 695 DI 10.1070/QE1997v027n08ABEH001028 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA YW593 UT WOS:000071951900008 ER PT J AU Littlefield, LG Travis, LB Sayer, AM Voelz, GL Jensen, RH Boice, JD AF Littlefield, LG Travis, LB Sayer, AM Voelz, GL Jensen, RH Boice, JD TI Cumulative genetic damage in hematopoietic stem cells in a patient with a 40-year exposure to alpha particles emitted by thorium dioxide SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-BOMB SURVIVORS; GLYCOPHORIN-A LOCUS; CHROMOSOME-ABERRATIONS; X-IRRADIATION; LYMPHOCYTES; RADIATION; THOROTRAST; FREQUENCY; MUTATIONS; HUMANS AB Thorotrast, a colloidal suspension of the long-lived radionuclide, thorium-232, was widely used as a radiographic contrast medium far several decades. Due to the poor excretion of the sol, however, Thorotrast would deposit in the liver, bone marrow and other tissue, and patients would receive alpha-particle irradiation for life. To gauge the cumulative genetic damage to hematopoietic stem cells due to chronic exposure to alpha particles, we conducted a multi-end-point evaluation in a 72-year-old man who had been administered a 32-ml bolus of Thorotrast during cerebral angiography performed over 40 years ago in 1950. Peripheral T lymphocytes were cultured to quantify the frequencies and cellular distributions of asymmetrical and symmetrical types of chromosome aberrations in first-division metaphases and micronuclei in cytokinesis-arrested interphase II cells. Aberrations were scored using classical chromosome group analysis methods and chromosome painting techniques. Assays of glycophorin-A (GPA) mutations in red blood cells were also performed to obtain a relative measurement of damage sustained by the erythroid stem cell population. Results revealed that approximately 30% of the lymphocytes in this patient contained one or more chromosome aberrations, the majority of which were of the ''stable'' type. About one-third of the lymphocytes with chromosome damage carried multiple aberrations, suggesting that significant numbers of stem cells survive exposures to alpha-particle radiation that induce complex genomic alterations. Increased frequencies of GPA mutations were observed, demonstrating that genomic damage is also induced in erythroid progenitors. The numbers of micronuclei in lymphocytes were only moderately increased compared to expected values for persons of comparable age, and thus this end point was not useful for quantifying exposure level. Despite the relatively severe burden of somatic cell damage induced by 40 years of internal cr-particle irradiation, the patient remains surprisingly free of any serious illness. (C) 1997 by Radiation Research Society. C1 NCI, RADIAT EPIDEMIOL BRANCH, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, OCCUPAT MED GRP, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO, SCH MED, DEPT LAB MED, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94143 USA. INT EPIDEMIOL INST, ROCKVILLE, MD 20850 USA. RP Littlefield, LG (reprint author), OAK RIDGE INST SCI & EDUC, ENVIRONM & HLTH SCI DIV, OAK RIDGE, TN 37830 USA. FU PHS HHS [Y01-000501] NR 41 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 148 IS 2 BP 135 EP 144 DI 10.2307/3579570 PG 10 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA XP963 UT WOS:A1997XP96300005 PM 9254732 ER PT J AU Wiley, LM Baulch, JE Raabe, OG Straume, T AF Wiley, LM Baulch, JE Raabe, OG Straume, T TI Impaired cell proliferation in mice that persists across at least two generations after paternal irradiation SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID JUNCTIONAL INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION; X-IRRADIATION; PREIMPLANTATION EMBRYOS; RADIATION INDUCTION; MOUSE EMBRYO; SPERM; MUTATION; ASSAY; FERTILIZATION; DECREASE AB Irradiation of male F-0 mice 6 to 7 weeks prior to mating causes significant changes in the proliferation of F-1 and F-2 embryonic cells. These changes are revealed as a competitive cell proliferation disadvantage in chimera assays when the affected embryo is paired with a normal embryo in an aggregation chimera. This effect has been observed previously to be transmitted to F-1 embryos for absorbed doses from 0.01 to 1.0 Gy; 0.01 Gy is about 100-fold lower than detectable using conventional germline mutation assays. However, until now there has been no reported cross-generation heritability. We now report that this competitive tell proliferation disadvantage persists without degradation in the F-2 generation of embryos when F-0 males received 1.0 Gy from gamma irradiation 6 and 7 weeks prior to conception of F-1 males. (C) 1997 by Radiation Research Society. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. RP Wiley, LM (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,INST TOXICOL & ENVIRONM HLTH,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD07131]; NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES06516, R01 ES05409] NR 31 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 2021 SPRING RD, STE 600, OAK BROOK, IL 60521 SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 148 IS 2 BP 145 EP 151 DI 10.2307/3579571 PG 7 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA XP963 UT WOS:A1997XP96300006 PM 9254733 ER PT J AU Feinendegen, LE McClure, JJ AF Feinendegen, LE McClure, JJ TI Meeting report - Alpha-emitters for medical therapy - Workshop of the United States Department of Energy - Denver, Colorado, May 30-31, 1996 SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material RP Feinendegen, LE (reprint author), US DOE,1990 GERMANTOWN RD,GERMANTOWN,MD 20874, USA. NR 0 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 2021 SPRING RD, STE 600, OAK BROOK, IL 60521 SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 148 IS 2 BP 195 EP 201 DI 10.2307/3579579 PG 7 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA XP963 UT WOS:A1997XP96300014 ER PT J AU Tanabe, JT Ezekiel, F Jagust, WJ Schuff, N Fein, G AF Tanabe, JT Ezekiel, F Jagust, WJ Schuff, N Fein, G TI Volumetric method for evaluating magnetization transfer ratio of tissue categories: Application to areas of white matter signal hyperintensity in the elderly SO RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE brain, abnormalities; brain, MR; brain, white matter; magnetic resonance (MR), magnification transfer contrast ID PATHOLOGIC CORRELATION; RISK-FACTORS; BRAIN MR; HISTOPATHOLOGY; INFARCTION; LESIONS; IMAGES; GROSS AB An objective technique for analyzing magnetization transfer ratio of segmented tissues was used to evaluate differences between normal-appearing white matter and areas of white matter signal hyperintensity on T2-weighted magnetic resonance images in 23 healthy elderly subjects (mean age, 75 years). Segmented brain images (cerebrospinal fluid, gray matter, white matter, areas of white matter signal hyperintensity) computed from T1- and T2-weighted images were combined with magnetization-transfer-ratio images to produce magnetization-transfer-ratio histograms for each tissue. There was a significant 8.1% reduction in mean magnetization transfer ratio for areas of white matter signal hyperintensity compared with normal-appearing white matter (P < .001). The magnetization transfer ratio for all tissue categories was significantly negatively correlated with age (all, P <.05). This method of measuring magnetization transfer ratio was objective, independent of regional variations, and as reproducible as the segmentation procedure. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,VET ADM MED CTR,DEPT RADIOL,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94121. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,VET ADM MED CTR,DEPT PSYCHIAT,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94121. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT NEUROL,DAVIS,CA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,CTR FUNCT IMAGING,BERKELEY,CA 94720. FU NIA NIH HHS [P01 AG12535, AG 10129]; NIDA NIH HHS [DA-05683-02] NR 24 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PI EASTON PA 20TH AND NORTHAMPTON STS, EASTON, PA 18042 SN 0033-8419 J9 RADIOLOGY JI Radiology PD AUG PY 1997 VL 204 IS 2 BP 570 EP 575 PG 6 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA XL644 UT WOS:A1997XL64400049 PM 9240555 ER PT J AU Betts, RR Wuosmaa, AH AF Betts, RR Wuosmaa, AH TI Nuclear molecules SO REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID C-12+C-12 INELASTIC-SCATTERING; ALPHA-CLUSTER STRUCTURE; BAND-CROSSING MODEL; OR-EQUAL-TO; INTERMEDIATE-STRUCTURE; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; HARMONIC-OSCILLATOR; RESONANCE BEHAVIOR; SPIN ALIGNMENTS; POINT SYMMETRY AB We review the subject of nuclear molecular states as exemplified by the experimental observations of narrow resonances in the scattering and reactions of heavy ions. These states are at high excitation energy and sometimes high angular momentum and have very large partial decay widths into symmetric and near symmetric partitions. The experimental data accumulated over the past 30 years are summarized;and various theoretical models discussed. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PHYS,CHICAGO,IL 60607. RP Betts, RR (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV PHYS,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 123 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6BE SN 0034-4885 J9 REP PROG PHYS JI Rep. Prog. Phys. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 60 IS 8 BP 819 EP 861 DI 10.1088/0034-4885/60/8/002 PG 43 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XR692 UT WOS:A1997XR69200002 ER PT J AU Bretz, N AF Bretz, N TI Diagnostic instrumentation for microturbulence in tokamaks SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Review ID ION-BEAM PROBE; ELECTRON-CYCLOTRON EMISSION; DIII-D TOKAMAK; INFRARED-LASER SCATTERING; TJ-I TOKAMAK; DENSITY FLUCTUATION MEASUREMENTS; TEXAS EXPERIMENTAL TOKAMAK; EDGE-PLASMA TURBULENCE; PHASE-CONTRAST METHOD; FUSION TEST REACTOR AB Particle and energy transport in tokamaks and other toroidal confinement devices is dominated by turbulence generated by flows and gradients. In order to understand and control of this transport, diagnostic instrumentation was developed to study the structure and magnitude of microturbulent processes and to identify the origins of plasma loss. This review will cover the primary instruments that have been developed to measure fluctuating quantities associated with transport: density, Sn, temperature, delta T, potential, delta phi, and magnetic field, delta B, and their correlations. The methods discussed are Langmuir probes, heavy ion beam probes, collective and phase scintillation scattering, beam emission and ordinary spectroscopy, reflectometry and enhanced scattering, electron cyclotron emission, and several magnetic methods. The emphasis here will be on techniques applicable to microturbulence whose scale length is greater than the ion cyclotron radius and much less than the minor radius. Limitations and strengths of each method will be described and compared. Techniques will be discussed for estimating fluctuation intensities and wave number spectra or, equivalently, multipoint correlations in radial, poloidal, and toroidal directions. Large scale or magnetohydrodynamic-like plasma oscillations are typically studied with tomographic techniques or external probes and are reviewed elsewhere. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. RP Bretz, N (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV, PRINCETON PLASMA PHYS LAB, POB 451, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 USA. NR 489 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 4 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 68 IS 8 BP 2927 EP 2964 DI 10.1063/1.1148387 PG 38 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA XR753 UT WOS:A1997XR75300001 ER PT J AU Talbert, WL Hodges, TA Hsu, HH Fikani, MM AF Talbert, WL Hodges, TA Hsu, HH Fikani, MM TI Use of thermal barriers in conceptual studies of high-temperature, high-intensity targets for producing radioactive ion beams SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB Thermal analyses are presented of a cylindrical target concept for the production of radioactive beams by intense, high-energy proton production beams. The basic principle is to extract heat generated internally by the production beam interactions with the target material through appropriate thermal barriers. This approach allows the target material to be operated at an elevated temperature to enhance the release of radioactivities produced by the production beam bombardment, yet remove the heat generated initially. Three classes of targets are considered: high temperature and moderate heat generation; moderate temperature and low heat generation; and low temperature and high heat generation. Various thermal barriers approaches appropriate to the combined temperature and heat removal constraints are included, such as contact thermal resistance, refractory material interfaces, and porous metal interfaces. It is shown that suitable thermal barrier approaches exist to encompass the range of target conditions expected for the production of intense beams of radioactive ions. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 TRIUMF,VANCOUVER,BC V6T 2A3,CANADA. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Talbert, WL (reprint author), AMPARO CORP,SANTA FE,NM, USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 68 IS 8 BP 3019 EP 3026 DI 10.1063/1.1148235 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA XR753 UT WOS:A1997XR75300011 ER PT J AU Lewis, FD Wu, TF Zhang, YF Letsinger, RL Greenfield, SR Wasielewski, MR AF Lewis, FD Wu, TF Zhang, YF Letsinger, RL Greenfield, SR Wasielewski, MR TI Distance-dependent electron transfer in DNA hairpins SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; FLUORESCENCE; DYNAMICS AB The distance dependence of photoinduced electron transfer in duplex DNA was determined for a family of synthetic DNA hairpins in which a stilbene dicarboxamide forms a bridge connecting two oligonucleotide arms. Investigation of the fluorescence and transient absorption spectra of these hairpins established that no photoinduced electron transfer occurs for a hairpin that has six deoxyadenosine-deoxythymidine base pairs. However, the introduction of a single deoxyguanosine-deoxycytidine base pair resulted in distance-dependent fluorescence quenching and the formation of the stilbene anion radical. Kinetic analysis suggests that duplex DNA is somewhat more effective than proteins as a medium for electron transfer but that it does not function as a molecular wire. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP Lewis, FD (reprint author), NORTHWESTERN UNIV,DEPT CHEM,2145 SHERIDAN RD,EVANSTON,IL 60208, USA. NR 23 TC 501 Z9 506 U1 8 U2 57 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 1 PY 1997 VL 277 IS 5326 BP 673 EP 676 DI 10.1126/science.277.5326.673 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XN907 UT WOS:A1997XN90700037 PM 9235887 ER PT J AU Diels, JC Bernstein, R Stahlkopf, KE Zhao, XM AF Diels, JC Bernstein, R Stahlkopf, KE Zhao, XM TI Lightning control with lasers SO SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN LA English DT Article C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. ELECT POWER RES INST,PALO ALTO,CA 94303. RP Diels, JC (reprint author), UNIV NEW MEXICO,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131, USA. NR 4 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 5 PU SCI AMERICAN INC PI NEW YORK PA 415 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0036-8733 J9 SCI AM JI Sci.Am. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 277 IS 2 BP 50 EP 55 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XL695 UT WOS:A1997XL69500023 ER PT J AU Field, RD Thoma, DJ AF Field, RD Thoma, DJ TI In-situ hydrogen charging of Pd and Pd-Rh in the TEM SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID ALLOYS RP Field, RD (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI & TECHNOL,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 1997 VL 37 IS 3 BP 347 EP 353 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(97)00094-8 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA XL697 UT WOS:A1997XL69700017 ER PT J AU Hyman, JM Li, J AF Hyman, JM Li, J TI Behavior changes in SIS STD models with selective mixing SO SIAM JOURNAL ON APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE STD models; selective mixing; balance constraint; behavior changes; reproductive numbers; endemic equilibrium; local stability; global stability ID SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; SAN-FRANCISCO; HIV TRANSMISSION; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; RISK BEHAVIOR; AIDS EPIDEMIC; SPREAD; POPULATIONS; VACCINES; PATTERNS AB We propose and analyze a heterogeneous, multigroup, susceptible-infective susceptible (SIS) sexually transmitted disease (STD) model where the desirability and acceptability in partnership formations are functions of the infected individuals. We derive explicit formulas for the epidemic thresholds, prove the existence and uniqueness of the equilibrium states for the two-group model and provide a complete analysis of their local and global stability. We then investigate the effects of behavior changes on the transmission dynamics and analyze the sensitivity of the epidemic to the magnitude of the behavior changes. We verify that if people modify their behavior to reduce the probability of infection with individuals in highly infected groups, through either reduced contacts: reduced partner formations, or using safe sex: the infection level may be decreased. However, if people continue to have intragroup and intergroup partnerships, then changing the desirability and acceptability formation cannot eradicate the epidemic once it exceeds the epidemic threshold. C1 UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT MATH SCI,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35899. RP Hyman, JM (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CTR NONLINEAR STUDIES,DIV THEORET,MS-B284,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 40 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 3 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 SN 0036-1399 J9 SIAM J APPL MATH JI SIAM J. Appl. Math. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 57 IS 4 BP 1082 EP 1094 DI 10.1137/S0036139995294123 PG 13 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA XN926 UT WOS:A1997XN92600010 ER PT J AU Katsevich, AI AF Katsevich, AI TI Local tomography for the generalized Radon transform SO SIAM JOURNAL ON APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE local tomography; generalized Radon transform; detection of discontinuities ID SINGULARITIES AB Let f be piecewise smooth with only jump discontinuities across S := singsupp f. The asymptotic behavior of BS near S is obtained. Here B is an elliptic pseudodifferential operator which satisfies certain not very restrictive assumptions. An efficient numerical scheme for computing local tomography (LT) functions for the generalized Radon transform (GRT) is proposed. The effect oi mollification of the two LT functions is investigated. An algorithm for finding values of jumps of f knowing local tomographic data corresponding to the GRT is developed and tested on the simulated data. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV CIC 3,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 SN 0036-1399 J9 SIAM J APPL MATH JI SIAM J. Appl. Math. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 57 IS 4 BP 1128 EP 1162 DI 10.1137/S0036139995291842 PG 35 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA XN926 UT WOS:A1997XN92600012 ER PT J AU Goldberg, LA Jerrum, M Leighton, T Rao, S AF Goldberg, LA Jerrum, M Leighton, T Rao, S TI Doubly logarithmic communication algorithms for optical-communication parallel computers SO SIAM JOURNAL ON COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE parallel algorithms; randomized algorithms; routing optical networks AB In this paper, we consider the problem of interprocessor communication on parallel computers that have optical communication networks. We consider the completely connected optical-communication parallel computer (OCPC), which has a completely connected optical network, and also the mesh-of-optical-buses parallel computer (MOB-PC), which has a mesh of optical buses as its communication network. The particular communication problem that we study is that of realizing an h-relation. In this problem, each processor has at most h messages to send and at most h messages to receive. It is clear that any 1-relation can be realized in one communication step on an OCPC. However, the best previously known p-processor OCPC algorithm for realizing an arbitrary h-relation for h > 1 requires -(h + log p) expected communication steps. (This algorithm is due to Valiant and is based on earlier work of Anderson and Miller.) Valiant's algorithm is optimal only for h = Omega(log p), and it is an open question of Gereb-Graus and Tsantilas whether there is a faster algorithm for h = Omega(log p). In this paper, we answer this question in the affirmative and we extend the range of optimality by considering the case in which h less than or equal to log p. In particular, we present a -(h + log log p)-communication-step randomized algorithm that realizes an arbitrary h-relation on a p-processor OCPC. We show that if h less than or equal to log p, then the failure probability can be made as small as p(-alpha) for any positive constant alpha. We use the OCPC algorithm as a subroutine in a -(h + log log p)communication-step randomized algorithm that realizes an arbitrary h-relation on a p x p-processor MOB-PC. Once again, we show that if h less than or equal to log p, then the failure probability can be made as small as p(-alpha) for any positive constant alpha. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. UNIV EDINBURGH, DEPT COMP SCI, EDINBURGH EH9 3JZ, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND. NEC RES INST, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA. MIT, DEPT MATH, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA. MIT, COMP SCI LAB, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA. RP Goldberg, LA (reprint author), UNIV WARWICK, DEPT COMP SCI, COVENTRY CV4 7AL, W MIDLANDS, ENGLAND. NR 18 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0097-5397 EI 1095-7111 J9 SIAM J COMPUT JI SIAM J. Comput. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 26 IS 4 BP 1100 EP 1119 DI 10.1137/S0097539793259483 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA XN420 UT WOS:A1997XN42000009 ER PT J AU Garbey, M Kaper, HG AF Garbey, M Kaper, HG TI Heterogeneous domain decomposition for singularly perturbed elliptic boundary value problems SO SIAM JOURNAL ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE elliptic boundary value problems; singular perturbations; boundary layers; transition layers; turning-point problems; asymptotic analysis; domain decomposition; iterative methods AB A heterogeneous domain-decomposition method is presented for the numerical solution of singularly perturbed elliptic boundary value problems. The method, which is parallelizable at various levels, uses several ideas of asymptotic analysis. The subdomains match the domains of validity of the local (inner and outer) asymptotic expansions, and cut-off functions are used to match solutions in neighboring subdomains. The positions of the interfaces, as well as the mesh widths, depend on the small parameter epsilon. On the subdomains, iterative solution techniques are used, which may vary from one subdomain to another. The global convergence rate depends on epsilon; it generally increases like some power of (log(epsilon(-1)))(-1) as epsilon down arrow 0. The method is illustrated on several two-dimensional singular perturbation problems. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MATH & COMP SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP Garbey, M (reprint author), UNIV LYON 1,LAN,URA 740,F-69622 VILLEURBANNE,FRANCE. NR 33 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 SN 0036-1429 J9 SIAM J NUMER ANAL JI SIAM J. Numer. Anal. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1513 EP 1544 DI 10.1137/S0036142995285587 PG 32 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA XN430 UT WOS:A1997XN43000011 ER PT J AU Bouaricha, A AF Bouaricha, A TI Tensor methods for large, sparse unconstrained optimization SO SIAM JOURNAL ON OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article DE tensor methods; unconstrained optimization; sparse problems; large-scale optimization; singular problems ID NONLINEAR EQUATIONS AB Tensor methods for unconstrained optimization were first introduced by Schnabel and Chow [SIAM J. Optim., 1 (1991), pp. 293-315], who described these methods for small- to moderate-sized problems. The major contribution of this paper is the extension of these methods to large, sparse unconstrained optimization problems. This extension requires an entirely new way of solving the tensor model that makes the methods suitable for solving large, sparse optimization problems efficiently. We present test results for sets of problems where the Hessian at the minimizer is nonsingular and where it is singular. These results show that tensor methods are significantly more efficient and more reliable than standard methods based on Newton's method. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bouaricha, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1052-6234 J9 SIAM J OPTIMIZ JI SIAM J. Optim. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 7 IS 3 BP 732 EP 756 DI 10.1137/S1052623494267723 PG 25 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA YM026 UT WOS:000071020000009 ER PT J AU More, JJ Wu, ZJ AF More, JJ Wu, ZJ TI Global continuation for distance geometry problems SO SIAM JOURNAL ON OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article DE global optimization; continuation methods; smoothing transform; distance geometry problems; macromolecular modeling ID DIFFUSION EQUATION METHOD; OPTIMIZATION; PERFORMANCE; CLUSTERS AB Distance geometry problems arise in the determination of protein structure. We consider the case where only a subset of the distances between atoms is given and formulate this distance geometry problem as a global minimization problem with special structure. We show that global smoothing techniques and a continuation approach for global optimization can be used to determine global solutions of this problem reliably and efficiently. The global continuation approach determines a global solution with less computational effort than is required by a standard multistart algorithm. Moreover, the continuation approach usually finds the global solution from any given starting point, while the multistart algorithm tends to fail. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP More, JJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 26 TC 90 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 2 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1052-6234 J9 SIAM J OPTIMIZ JI SIAM J. Optim. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 7 IS 3 BP 814 EP 836 PG 23 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA YM026 UT WOS:000071020000012 ER PT J AU Parenti, S Velli, M Poletto, G Suess, ST McComas, DJ AF Parenti, S Velli, M Poletto, G Suess, ST McComas, DJ TI Magnetic flux tubes at 3 AU? SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Measurements and Analyses of the 3-D Solar Magnetic Fields CY APR 09-11, 1996 CL HUNTSVILLE, AL SP SCOSTEP, STEP, WG-1, Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma Aeronom Res ID SOLAR-WIND FLUCTUATIONS; ULYSSES; EVOLUTION; STREAMS; PLASMA; WAVES AB We present an analysis of plasma and magnetic field data acquired by the Ulysses spacecraft on May 1994. Our study is motivated by the result of Poletto ei al. (1996) who found some evidence for a peak in the power spectrum of magnetic pressure at a frequency nu approximate to 2 x 10(-5) Hz, during that period. A re-evaluation of the plasma pressure power spectrum, on the basis of better data than used in the previous work, gives only marginal evidence for a peak at that frequency. If both spectra had excess power in the same spectral range, one might hypothesize that the Pressure Balanced Structures (PBS) detected in the data trace periodically distributed coronal structures which maintain their identity up to large distances. A careful data analysis, however, shows that this interpretation is hardly tenable. Hence, we consider the alternative hypotheses that the observed PBS are either a bundle of magnetic Bur tubes, with no characteristic periodicity, in pressure equilibrium with the ambient, or the manifestation, at large distances, of waves generated close to the Sun. To prove the latter case, we made a test simulation of the evolution with heliocentric distance of an ensemble of Alfven and slow mode waves, generated close to the Sun, and show that structures similar to those we analyzed may form in the interplanetary medium. Our simulations also seem to show that together with PBS, magnetic holes, frequently observed in the Ulysses data, could also originate from the nonlinear evolution of large amplitude slow waves in quasi-perpendicular propagation We conclude-that the observed PBS most likely arise via an irt situ generation mechanism, rather than being remnants of solar structures. C1 OSSERV ASTROFIS ARCETRI,I-50125 FLORENCE,ITALY. NASA,GEORGE C MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CTR,ES82,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35812. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM. RP Parenti, S (reprint author), UNIV FLORENCE,DEPT ASTRON & SPACE SCI,LARGO ENRICO FERMI 5,I-50125 FLORENCE,ITALY. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 174 IS 1-2 BP 329 EP 340 DI 10.1023/A:1004912821117 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YB565 UT WOS:A1997YB56500024 ER PT J AU Allen, MJ Oluseyi, HM Walker, ABC Hoover, RB Barbee, TW AF Allen, MJ Oluseyi, HM Walker, ABC Hoover, RB Barbee, TW TI Chromospheric and coronal structure of polar plumes .1. Magnetic structure and radiative energy balance SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR TELESCOPE ARRAY; SOFT-X-RAY; MULTILAYER TELESCOPE; STELLAR CORONAE; WIND; MODELS; DYNAMICS; REGION; POINTS; HOLE AB The Multi-Spectral Solar Telescope Array (MSSTA), a rocket-borne solar observatory, was successfully launched from White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico, on May 13, 1991 at 19:05 UT. The telescope systems onboard the MSSTA obtained several full disk solar images in narrow bandpasses centered around strong soft X-ray, EUV, and FUV emission lines. Each telescope was designed to be sensitive to the coronal plasmas at a particular temperature, for seven temperatures ranging from 20 000 K to 4 000 000 K. We report here on the images obtained during the initial flight of the MSSTA, and on the chromospheric and coronal structure of polar plumes observed over both poles of the Sun. We have also co-aligned the MSSTA images with Kitt Peak magnetograms taken on the same day. We are able to positively identify the magnetic structures underlying the polar plumes we analyze as unipolar. We discuss the plume observations and present a radiative energy balance model derived from them. C1 STANFORD UNIV, PHYS LAB, STANFORD, CA 94305 USA. NASA, GEORGE C MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CTR, SPACE SCI LAB, HUNTSVILLE, AL 35812 USA. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. NR 57 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 174 IS 1-2 BP 367 EP 401 DI 10.1023/A:1004955129119 PG 35 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YB565 UT WOS:A1997YB56500027 ER PT J AU Maiya, PS Balachandran, U Dusek, JT Mieville, RL Kleefisch, MS Udovich, CA AF Maiya, PS Balachandran, U Dusek, JT Mieville, RL Kleefisch, MS Udovich, CA TI Oxygen transport by oxygen potential gradient in dense ceramic oxide membranes SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article DE ceramic membranes; thermodynamic properties; oxygen transport ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE EQUILIBRIA; COMPUTER-PROGRAM AB Numerous studies have been conducted in recent years on the partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas (syngas: CO + H-2) with air as the oxidant. In partial oxidation, a mixed-oxide ceramic membrane selectively transports oxygen from the air; this transport is driven by the oxygen potential gradient, Of the several ceramic materials we have tested, a mixed oxide based on the Sr-Fe-Co-O system has been found to be very attractive. Extensive oxygen permeability data have been obtained for this material in methane conversion experiments carried out in a reactor, The data have been analyzed by a transport equation based on the phenomenological theory of diffusion under oxygen potential gradients. Thermodynamic calculations were used to estimate the driving force for the transport of oxygen ions, The results show that the transport equation deduced from the literature describes the permeability data reasonably well and can be used to determine the effective or ambipolar diffusion coefficients and the associated activation energy of oxygen ions in the ceramic membrane material. C1 AMOCO EXPLORAT PROD,NAPERVILLE,IL 60566. RP Maiya, PS (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV ENERGY TECHNOL,BLDG 212,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 20 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 99 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1016/S0167-2738(97)00259-2 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA XT485 UT WOS:A1997XT48500001 ER PT J AU Pietrass, T Seydoux, R Roth, RE Eckert, H Pines, A AF Pietrass, T Seydoux, R Roth, RE Eckert, H Pines, A TI P-31 to Se-77 cross polarization in beta-P4Se3 SO SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE cross polarization; P-31 NMR; Se-77 NMR ID SYSTEM PHOSPHORUS-SELENIUM; MAS-NMR; RESONANCE; GLASSES; OXIDE; F-19 AB Cross polarization from P-31 to Se-77 is demonstrated in beta-P4Se3. This material, an inorganic glass, is readily synthesized from the elements and serves as a convenient sample for setting the Hartmann-Hahn condition. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV MAT SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT CHEM,BERKELEY,CA 94720. INST PHYS CHEM,D-49148 MUNSTER,GERMANY. RP Pietrass, T (reprint author), NEW MEXICO INST MIN & TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM,SOCORRO,NM 87801, USA. RI Eckert, Hellmut/G-3176-2012 NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-2040 J9 SOLID STATE NUCL MAG JI Solid State Nucl. Magn. Reson. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 8 IS 4 BP 265 EP 267 DI 10.1016/S0926-2040(97)00012-X PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Physics; Spectroscopy GA YD904 UT WOS:A1997YD90400008 PM 9373907 ER PT J AU Smith, RS Kay, BD AF Smith, RS Kay, BD TI Molecular beam studies of kinetic processes in nanoscale water films SO SURFACE REVIEW AND LETTERS LA English DT Review ID HYPERQUENCHED GLASSY WATER; AMORPHOUS ICE; SUPERCOOLED WATER; ASTROPHYSICAL IMPLICATIONS; CONDENSATION COEFFICIENT; HEAT-CAPACITY; CRYSTALLIZATION KINETICS; LIQUID TRANSITION; PHASE-TRANSITION; 150 K AB Studies of the properties of crystalline ice and amorphous solid water are the focus of considerable diverse and interdisciplinary research. The reasons include understanding heterogeneous atmospheric processes, interstellar and cometary astrophysics, cryobiology, and the physics and chemistry of liquids. In this review we summarize our recent work using nanoscale ice films to characterize the kinetic behavior of crystalline ice and amorphous solid water. The adsorption, desorption, crystallization and diffusion kinetics of the nanoscale films are studies using molecular beam and programmed desorption techniques. The results of these experiments and their implications for the physical properties of nanoscale ice films are presented. C1 PACIFIC NW NATL LAB,ENVIRONM MOL SCI LAB,RICHLAND,WA 99352. RI Smith, Scott/G-2310-2015 OI Smith, Scott/0000-0002-7145-1963 NR 91 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 9 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 0218-625X J9 SURF REV LETT JI Surf. Rev. Lett. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 4 IS 4 BP 781 EP 797 DI 10.1142/S0218625X97000766 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA YJ071 UT WOS:A1997YJ07100019 ER PT J AU Morgan, AE Porter, SP Clarkson, FA Volkow, ND Fowler, JS Dewey, SL AF Morgan, AE Porter, SP Clarkson, FA Volkow, ND Fowler, JS Dewey, SL TI Direct approach for attenuating cocaine's effects on extracellular dopamine: Targeting the dopamine transporter SO SYNAPSE LA English DT Article DE cocaine; microdialysis; RTI-55; nucleus accumbens; dopamine; dopamine transporter ID I-123 BETA-CIT; SEROTONIN TRANSPORTERS; NUCLEUS-ACCUMBENS; REUPTAKE INHIBITORS; LOCOMOTOR-ACTIVITY; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; DRUG DEVELOPMENT; BINDING; AMPHETAMINE; RTI-55 AB Using in vivo microdialysis techniques, the effects of RTI-55 and/or cocaine on extracellular dopamine (DA) concentrations were measured in the nucleus accumbens (NACC) of freely moving rats. In control animals, cocaine (20 mg/kg) increased NACC DA approximately 458% 60 minutes following administration, returning to baseline values within 200 minutes. Similarly, RTI-55 administration (0.25 mg/kg) increased NACC DA levels approximately 347%. When combined, however, cocaine further increased NACC DA to 705% of baseline values when given 4 hours following RTI-55. This increase was significantly larger than cocaine alone (P < 0.05). In addition, chronic RTI-55 administration (5 days) further potentiated cocaine's ability to increase NACC DA (783%) but this did not reach statistical significance (P > 0.1) compared to acute RTI55/cocaine animals. These findings indicate that RTI-55, a drug that binds directly to the dopamine transporter (DAT) with higher affinity than cocaine, does not appear to be effective in attenuating cocaine's effects on NACC dopamine levels. In fact, acute RTI-55 potentiates cocaine's effects on NACC DA. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM,UPTON,NY 11973. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT MED,UPTON,NY 11973. FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH-49165] NR 42 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0887-4476 J9 SYNAPSE JI Synapse PD AUG PY 1997 VL 26 IS 4 BP 423 EP 427 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2396(199708)26:4<423::AID-SYN10>3.0.CO;2-U PG 5 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA XJ056 UT WOS:A1997XJ05600010 PM 9215601 ER PT J AU Andrew, JM AF Andrew, JM TI The wired neighborhood SO TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION LA English DT Book Review C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Andrew, JM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION PI ARLINGTON PA 901 NORTH STUART ST, STE 904, ARLINGTON, VA 22203 USA SN 0049-3155 J9 TECH COMMUN JI Tech. Commun. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 44 IS 3 BP 321 EP 322 PG 2 WC Communication SC Communication GA ZE666 UT WOS:000072817700023 ER PT J AU Ross, M Wenzel, T AF Ross, M Wenzel, T TI The few. The failed. The polluters. SO TECHNOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Editorial Material C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Ross, M (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS INST TECHNOL PI CAMBRIDGE PA BUILDING W59, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 SN 0040-1692 J9 TECHNOL REV JI Technol. Rev. PD AUG-SEP PY 1997 VL 100 IS 6 BP 62 EP 62 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XM767 UT WOS:A1997XM76700025 ER PT J AU PanessaWarren, BJ Tortora, GT Warren, JB AF PanessaWarren, BJ Tortora, GT Warren, JB TI Exosporial membrane plasticity of Clostridium sporogenes and Clostridium difficile SO TISSUE & CELL LA English DT Article DE exosporial membrane plasticity; spore attachment; high resolution SEM; Clostridium sporogenes; Clostridium difficile ID BACTERIAL-SPORES; BOTULINUM AB This investigation examines the morphological alterations of the exosporial membranes of Clostridium sporogenes ATCC 3584 and Clostridium difficile ATCC 43594 and 9689 endospores in relation to their possible function during germination in the attachment/colonization process of these pathogenic bacteria, There is no reported function for the exosporial membrane, nor exosporial appendages, of clostridial endospores, Advances in high resolution, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) permit the examination of these delicate, morphological projections on intact spores in the process of attachment, The morphological plasticity of the exosporial membrane projections during activation and germination was examined to determine whether the appearance of these exosporial projections coincided with attachment of the spores to the nutritive substrate, and whether this attachment could be altered by physical agitation, cation competition with Ba2+, chelation with EDTA, or treatment with colchicine, Following incubation, activated spores could not be removed from the agar surface by agitation in water (pH 7.2 or 9.1), nor by agitation in buffer or colchicine, indicating that some form of adherence or attachment to the agar had taken place, When agitated in the presence of Ba2+ or EDTA in phosphate buffered saline or EDTA in water, all activated spores detached from the agar and exhibited decreased exosporial projections and minimal, if any, attachment structures to the agar surface, Activated clostridial spores were found to attach to agar by delicate extensions of the exosporium that could be disrupted by EDTA or Ba2+ exposure, but were unchanged when shaken in buffer or water. C1 SUNY STONY BROOK,SCH HLTH TECHNOL & MANAGEMENT,DEPT CLIN LAB SCI,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. SUNY STONY BROOK,SCH HLTH TECHNOL & MANAGEMENT,DEPT HLTH POLICY & MANAGEMENT,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. STATE UNIV STONY BROOK HOSP,SCH HLTH TECHNOL & MANAGEMENT,DEPT CLIN LAB SCI,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. STATE UNIV STONY BROOK HOSP,CLIN MICROBIOL LAB,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DIV INSTRUMENTAT,UPTON,NY 11973. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 0040-8166 J9 TISSUE CELL JI Tissue Cell PD AUG PY 1997 VL 29 IS 4 BP 449 EP 461 DI 10.1016/S0040-8166(97)80031-6 PG 13 WC Anatomy & Morphology; Cell Biology SC Anatomy & Morphology; Cell Biology GA XR008 UT WOS:A1997XR00800006 PM 9281845 ER PT J AU Schnell, DJ Blobel, G Keegstra, K Kessler, F Ko, K Soll, J AF Schnell, DJ Blobel, G Keegstra, K Kessler, F Ko, K Soll, J TI A consensus nomenclature for the protein-import components of the chloroplast envelope SO TRENDS IN CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID MACHINERY; APPARATUS; IDENTIFICATION; MEMBRANE C1 ROCKEFELLER UNIV,HOWARD HUGHES MED INST,CELL BIOL LAB,NEW YORK,NY 10019. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,MSU DOE PLANT RES LAB,E LANSING,MI 48824. ETH ZURICH,INST PLANT SCI,CH-8092 ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. QUEENS UNIV,DEPT BIOL,KINGSTON,ON K7L 3N6,CANADA. CHRISTIAN ALBRECHTS UNIV KIEL,INST BOT,D-24098 KIEL,GERMANY. CHRISTIAN ALBRECHTS UNIV KIEL,BOT GARTEN,D-24098 KIEL,GERMANY. RP Schnell, DJ (reprint author), RUTGERS STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,101 WARREN ST,NEWARK,NJ 07102, USA. NR 12 TC 94 Z9 100 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0962-8924 J9 TRENDS CELL BIOL JI Trends Cell Biol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 7 IS 8 BP 303 EP 304 DI 10.1016/S0962-8924(97)01111-2 PG 2 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA XM268 UT WOS:A1997XM26800002 PM 17708964 ER PT J AU Gillen, KT Celina, M Clough, RL Wise, J AF Gillen, KT Celina, M Clough, RL Wise, J TI Extrapolation of accelerated aging data - Arrhenius or erroneous? SO TRENDS IN POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CONTROLLED RADIOCHEMICAL OXIDATION; THERMALLY AGED ELASTOMERS; LOW-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE; OXYGEN DIFFUSION; HETEROGENEOUS MODEL; POLYPROPYLENE; POLYMERS; CHEMILUMINESCENCE; CONSUMPTION; PRESSURE AB Prediction of service lifetimes is a continuing major challenge for the polymer industry, especially for materials expected to perform reliably for many decades. It is also critical in guiding the comparative evaluation of new materials in the development stages. In this review we concentrate on lifetime prediction methods for commercial polymeric formulations exposed to thermoxidative environmental stresses. Our discussion will center on the Arrhenius methodology, outlining the best approaches for utilizing this method and pointing out its weaknesses with respect to the chemical and physical effects underlying oxidative degradation processes. In order to gain more confidence in any extrapolated long-term lifetime predictions, the use of ultrasensitive degradation parameters that can be correlated to macroscopic degradation is introduced and illustrated for several materials. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87185 USA. NR 49 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 6 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-4793 J9 TRENDS POLYM SCI JI Trends Polym. Sci. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 5 IS 8 BP 250 EP 257 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA XR420 UT WOS:A1997XR42000003 ER PT J AU Kodali, P Walter, KC Nastasi, M AF Kodali, P Walter, KC Nastasi, M TI Investigation of mechanical and tribological properties of amorphous diamond-like carbon coatings SO TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE DLC coatings; hardness; fracture toughness; friction and wear ID FINITE-ELEMENT ANALYSIS; CONTACT STRESSES; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; ELASTIC STRESSES; FILMS; WEAR; SUBSTRATE; SILICON; SYSTEMS; METALS AB We investigated the mechanical and tribological properties of amorphous diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings deposited on Si(100) by a pulsed bias deposition technique, Tribological studies were performed using a pin-on-disc (POD) apparatus under a normal load of 6.25 N and at 10% relative humidity, with a ruby pin as a slider. Hardness measurements were performed using a nanoindenter and apparent fracture toughness using indentation techniques. We studied the influence of residual stresses on apparent fracture toughness. The data revealed that the thickness, hardness and compressive stress of the coating play different roles in the apparent fracture toughness. Crack initiation is influenced by the thickness and hardness of the coating, whereas crack propagation is influenced by the compressive stress in the film. The apparent fracture toughness of DLC coatings increased with coating hardness. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Kodali, P (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, DIV SCI MAT, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. NR 44 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-679X J9 TRIBOL INT JI Tribol. Int. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 30 IS 8 BP 591 EP 598 DI 10.1016/S0301-679X(97)00027-3 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA YC987 UT WOS:A1997YC98700006 ER PT J AU Chen, XB Wright, JV Conca, JL Peurrung, LM AF Chen, XB Wright, JV Conca, JL Peurrung, LM TI Evaluation of heavy metal remediation using mineral apatite SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE acid mine drainage; desorption; phosphate rock; pollution control; remediation technology; soil and groundwater contamination; sorption; TLCP; toxic metals; waste management ID INORGANIC CATION-EXCHANGERS; SYNTHETIC HYDROXYAPATITES; LEAD ORTHOPHOSPHATES; IMMOBILIZATION; SOILS; IONS; SOLUBILITY; ADSORPTION; SORPTION; SURFACE AB The current study investigated the sorption and desorption of dissolved lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) from aqueous solutions and a contaminated soil by North Carolina mineral apatite. Aqueous solutions of Pb, Cd, and Zn were reacted with the apatite, followed by desorption experiments under a wide variety of pH conditions ranging from 3 to 12, including the extraction fluids used in the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). The sorption results showed that the apatite was very effective in retaining Pb and was moderately effective in attenuating Cd and Zn at pH 4-5. Approximately 100% of the Pb applied was removed from solutions, representing a capacity of 151 mg of Pb/g of apatite, while 49% of Cd and 29% of Zn added were attenuated, with removal capacities of 73 and 41 mg g(-1), respectively. The desorption experiments showed that the sorbed Pb stayed intact where only 14-23% and 7-14% of the sorbed Cd and Zn, respectively, were mobilized by the TCLP solutions. The apatite was also effective in removing dissolved Ph, Cd, and Zn leached from the contaminated soil using pH 3-12 solutions by 62.3-99.9, 20-97.9, and 28.6-98.7%, respectively In particular, the apatite was able to reduce the metal concentrations in the TCLP-extracted soil leachates to below US EPA maximum allowable levels, suggesting that apatite could be used as a cost-effective option to remediating metal-contaminated soils, wastes, and/or water. The sorption mechanisms are variable in the reactions between the apatite and dissolved Pb, Cd, and Zn. The Pb removals primarily resulted from the dissolution of the apatite followed by the precipitation of hydroxyl fluoropyromorphite. Minor otavite precipitation was observed in the interaction of the apatite with aqueous Cd, but other sorption mechanisms, such as surface complexation, ion exchange, and the formation of amorphous solids, are primarily responsible for the removal of Zn and Cd. C1 UFA VENTURES, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RP Chen, XB (reprint author), PACIFIC NW NATL LAB, POB 999, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 38 TC 125 Z9 136 U1 5 U2 61 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 98 IS 1-2 BP 57 EP 78 DI 10.1007/BF02128650 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA XP170 UT WOS:A1997XP17000004 ER PT J AU Finsterle, S Persoff, P AF Finsterle, S Persoff, P TI Determining permeability of tight rock samples using inverse modeling SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; DESIGN; FLOW AB Data from gas-pressure-pulse-decay experiments have been analyzed by means of numerical simulation in combination with automatic model calibration techniques to determine hydrologic properties of low-permeability, low-porosity rock samples. Porosity, permeability, and Klinkenberg slip factor have been estimated for a core plug from The Geysers geothermal field, California. The experiments were conducted using a specially designed permeameter with small gas reservoirs. Pressure changes were measured as gas flowed from the pressurized upstream reservoir through the sample to the downstream reservoir. A simultaneous inversion of data from three experiments performed on different pressure levels allows for independent estimation of absolute permeability and gas permeability which is pressure-dependent due to enhanced slip flow. With this measurement and analysis technique we can determine matrix properties with permeabilities as low as 10(-21) m(2). In this paper we discuss the procedure of parameter estimation by inverse modeling. We will focus on the error analysis, which reveals estimation uncertainty and parameter correlations. This information can also be used to evaluate and optimize the design of an experiment. The impact of systematic errors due to potential leakage and uncertainty in the initial conditions will also be addressed. The case studies clearly illustrate the need for a thorough error analysis of inverse modeling results. RP Finsterle, S (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV EARTH SCI,1 CYCLOTRON RD,MS 90-1116,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Finsterle, Stefan/A-8360-2009 OI Finsterle, Stefan/0000-0002-4446-9906 NR 24 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 33 IS 8 BP 1803 EP 1811 DI 10.1029/97WR01200 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA XP366 UT WOS:A1997XP36600003 ER PT J AU Stockman, HW AF Stockman, HW TI A lattice gas study of retardation and dispersion in fractures: Assessment of errors from desorption kinetics and buoyancy SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID AUTOMATA; TRANSPORT; ADSORPTION; EQUATION; MODEL; FLOW; PORE AB Lattice gas automata (LGA) were used to estimate errors in transport coefficients, as measured in laboratory experiments with Peclet numbers from 0 to 27.6 (defined relative to channel width), Damkohler numbers from 0.18 to infinity, Grashof numbers of 0 or 75, and length/width up to 180. Low Damkohler numbers yield long, low-amplitude elution tails, which contain much of the total solute. As a consequence, at Da approximate to 0.18 and K-D = 8, the solute peak travels at the same speed as the carrier fluid, yielding an apparent K-D approximate to 0 after five characteristic diffusion times. Such conditions correspond, for example, to a meter-long path through a 0.5-cm-wide, gas-filled fracture. Buoyancy-enhanced dispersion, found in experiments with horizontal tubes, is confirmed by the LGA analysis; however, a different mechanism is suggested for the enhancement in horizontal fractures. Both kinetic and buoyancy errors can be greatly reduced, or experiments made much smaller, if the first and second moments of a tracer pulse can be measured as functions of time. RP SANDIA NATL LABS, DEPT 6118, POB 5800, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87185 USA. NR 29 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 33 IS 8 BP 1823 EP 1831 DI 10.1029/97WR01228 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA XP366 UT WOS:A1997XP36600005 ER PT J AU Webb, SW AF Webb, SW TI Generalization of Ross' tilted capillary barrier diversion formula for different two-phase characteristic curves SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WETTING FRONT INSTABILITY; POROUS-MEDIA; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; CAPACITY; SOILS AB Capillary barriers, consisting of tilted fine over coarse layers under unsaturated conditions, have been suggested as a means to divert water infiltration away from sensitive underground regions. Ross [1990] has developed a relationship for the steady-state diversion length of tilted capillary barriers assuming the quasi-linear set of two-phase characteristic curves. Due to its simplicity, this equation has been used to evaluate potential tilted capillary barrier performance even in cases where the layer characteristic curves are different than the quasi-linear equation set. In the present study, Ross' capillary barrier diversion relationship is extended to other two-phase characteristic curves. This generalization allows for the use of any set of two-phase curves in evaluating tilted capillary barrier performance. This generalized Ross' equation compares well with detailed numerical simulations. RP Webb, SW (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,GEOHYDROL DEPT,POB 5800,6115-MS-1324,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 20 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 33 IS 8 BP 1855 EP 1859 DI 10.1029/97WR01231 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA XP366 UT WOS:A1997XP36600008 ER PT J AU Cannell, GR Sessions, CE AF Cannell, GR Sessions, CE TI Proper procedures are the key to welding radioactive waste canisters SO WELDING JOURNAL LA English DT Article RP Cannell, GR (reprint author), US DOE,SAVANNAH RIVER TECHNOL CTR,AIKEN,SC 29801, USA. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WELDING SOC PI MIAMI PA PO BOX 351040, MIAMI, FL 33135 SN 0043-2296 J9 WELD J JI Weld. J. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 76 IS 8 BP 61 EP 67 PG 7 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA XN857 UT WOS:A1997XN85700012 ER PT J AU Cadden, CH Yang, NYC Headley, TH AF Cadden, CH Yang, NYC Headley, TH TI Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of braze joints in Ti-13.4Al-21.2Nb SO WELDING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE braze joints; Ti-13.4Al-21.2Nb; alpha-two composition; Ti-Cu-Ni ternary system; laminated foil; meltspun foil ID TITANIUM ALUMINIDE; WELDABILITY AB Braze joints in Ti-13.4Al-21.2Nb were made using several filler metal compositions based upon the Ti-Cu-Ni ternary system. Specimens were vacuum brazed, using filler metal pre-placed between bonding surfaces. Two types of braze foil, one produced by rapid solidification techniques and one formed by a roll bonding process, were examined. Mechanical test results indicated that substantial differences in braze joint strength could be obtained From specimens prepared using foil manufactured by the two different processes. Specifically, for the higher alloyed composition, a laminated foil produced joints with lower room temperature tensile strength compared to its rapidly solidified counterpart. Specimens prepared using laminated foil typically failed through the braze joint and had low strength. This behavior was related to the presence of an increased amount of centerline alpha-two phase in the braze joints made using the laminated filler metals. The formation of this microstructural feature was influenced by segregation of the filler metal alloying elements, nickel and copper. Braze joints prepared using laminated foils exhibited higher levels oi segregation, even after long hold times at the brazing temperature, than joints made using rapidly solidified foil. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. RP Cadden, CH (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WELDING SOC PI MIAMI PA PO BOX 351040, MIAMI, FL 33135 SN 0043-2296 J9 WELD J JI Weld. J. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 76 IS 8 BP S316 EP S325 PG 10 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA XN857 UT WOS:A1997XN85700020 ER PT J AU Staub, U Soderholm, L Skanthakumar, S Rosenkranz, S Ritter, C Kagunya, W AF Staub, U Soderholm, L Skanthakumar, S Rosenkranz, S Ritter, C Kagunya, W TI Quasi two-dimensional magnetic order of Tb3+ spins in Pb2Sr2Tb1-xCaxCu3O8 (x=0 and 0.5) SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIK B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID HO3+ IONS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; OXIDATION-STATE; EXCITATIONS; HOBA2CU3O7; OXYGEN; CE; PR; ER; ND AB Neutron diffraction experiments were performed to study the magnetic ordering of the Tb+3 sublattice in the high-T-c superconductor Pb2Sr2Tb1-xCaxCu3O8 (x = 0.5) and the undoped parent compound (x = 0). For the parent compound, a quasi two dimensional (2D) phase with a finite antiferromagnetic correlation along the c-direction and a three dimensional phase with ferromagnetic correlation along the c-direction were found. The coexistence of the two phases is likely to be related to structural imperfections such as stacking faults, strains, oxygen disorder or cation vacancies. The superconductor with a superconducting transition temperature of T-c = 71 K exhibits a quasi 2D magnetic ordering of the Tb sublattice with a finite ferromagnetic correlation along the c-direction. The correlation lengths along the c-direction for the quasi 2D phases are 32 and 26 Angstrom for x = 0 and 0.5, respectively. The magnetic saturation moments are with 9.1 and 8.8 mu(B) in excellent agree ment with our mean-field crystal-field calculations. 2D short range correlation could be observed up to about 8T(N) and is described by a Lorentzian distribution of magnetic intensity perpendicular to the 2D rod in reciprocal space. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB, DIV CHEM, ARGONNE, IL 60439 USA. ETH ZURICH, NEUTRON SCATTERING LAB, CH-5232 VILLIGEN, SWITZERLAND. INST MAX VON LAUE PAUL LANGEVIN, F-38042 GRENOBLE, FRANCE. RUTHERFORD APPLETON LAB, ISIS, DIDCOT OX11 0KX, OXON, ENGLAND. RP Staub, U (reprint author), PAUL SCHERRER INST, SWISS LIGHT SOURCE PROJECT, CH-5232 VILLIGEN, SWITZERLAND. RI Rosenkranz, Stephan/E-4672-2011; Staub, Urs/C-4914-2015 OI Rosenkranz, Stephan/0000-0002-5659-0383; NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-3277 J9 Z PHYS B CON MAT JI Z. Phys. B-Condens. Mat. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 104 IS 1 BP 37 EP 43 DI 10.1007/s002570050418 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA XT545 UT WOS:A1997XT54500008 ER PT J AU Kaimi, K Boggild, H Boissevain, J Cherney, M Dodd, J Esumi, S Fabjan, CW Fields, DE Franz, A Holzer, B Humanic, TJ Jacak, B Jayanti, R Kalechofsky, H Kobayashi, T Lee, YY Leltchouk, M Lorstad, B Maeda, N Medvedev, A Miyabayashi, A Murray, M Nishimura, S Noteboom, E Pandey, SU Piuz, F Polychronakos, V Potekhin, M Poulard, G Sakaguchi, A SchmidtSorensen, J SimonGillo, J Sondheim, W Sugitate, T Sullivan, JP Sumi, Y vanHecke, H Willis, WJ Wolf, K Xu, N AF Kaimi, K Boggild, H Boissevain, J Cherney, M Dodd, J Esumi, S Fabjan, CW Fields, DE Franz, A Holzer, B Humanic, TJ Jacak, B Jayanti, R Kalechofsky, H Kobayashi, T Lee, YY Leltchouk, M Lorstad, B Maeda, N Medvedev, A Miyabayashi, A Murray, M Nishimura, S Noteboom, E Pandey, SU Piuz, F Polychronakos, V Potekhin, M Poulard, G Sakaguchi, A SchmidtSorensen, J SimonGillo, J Sondheim, W Sugitate, T Sullivan, JP Sumi, Y vanHecke, H Willis, WJ Wolf, K Xu, N TI Multiplicity dependence of the pion source in S+A collisions at the CERN SPS SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIK C-PARTICLES AND FIELDS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; BOSE-EINSTEIN CORRELATIONS; SUPERDENSE MATTER; INTERFEROMETRY; HADRON AB The emission of pions from relativistic heavy-ion. collisions of S+S, S+Ag and S+Pb at 200 GeV/nucleon is characterized using two-particle interferometry. The multiplicity dependence of the pion source parameters near multiplicity is studied. The transversal (Rt) and longitudinal (RI) pion source parameters are independent of the initial nuclei in the interaction and increase with increasing multiplicity. This suggests that the freeze-out process is governed mainly by the particle multiplicity, The multiplicity dependence is weaker than that expected from a simple model of a freeze-out at a constant density. C1 NIELS BOHR INST,DK-2100 COPENHAGEN,DENMARK. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. CREIGHTON UNIV,OMAHA,NE 68178. COLUMBIA UNIV,NEW YORK,NY 10027. CERN,CH-1211 GENEVA 23,SWITZERLAND. OHIO STATE UNIV,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. NATL LAB HIGH ENERGY PHYS,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 305,JAPAN. LUND UNIV,S-22362 LUND,SWEDEN. TEXAS A&M UNIV,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. RP Kaimi, K (reprint author), HIROSHIMA UNIV,HIGASHIHIROSHIMA 739,JAPAN. NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0170-9739 J9 Z PHYS C PART FIELDS JI Z. Phys. C-Part. Fields PD AUG PY 1997 VL 75 IS 4 BP 619 EP 625 DI 10.1007/s002880050507 PG 7 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA XT297 UT WOS:A1997XT29700004 ER PT J AU Aurell, CA Hawleya, ME Wistrom, AO AF Aurell, CA Hawleya, ME Wistrom, AO TI Molecular assembly of hydrated bacterial lipopolysaccharides measured by dynamic light scattering and atomic force microscopy SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, ACMS, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JUL 31 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 9 SU S MA 3395 BP A1437 EP A1437 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ZK302 UT WOS:000073305603881 ER PT J AU Balestrieri, ML Lee, TC AF Balestrieri, ML Lee, TC TI The role of platelet-activating factor-dependent transacetylase in the biosynthesis of 1-acyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine by ATP-stimulated endothelial cells SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JUL 31 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 9 SU S MA 3093 BP A1385 EP A1385 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ZK302 UT WOS:000073305603578 ER PT J AU Berry, EA Huang, LS Zhang, Z Chi, YI Hung, LW Kim, SH AF Berry, EA Huang, LS Zhang, Z Chi, YI Hung, LW Kim, SH TI Structure of the redox-active subunits of the mitochondrial cytochrome bc(1) complex. Variable conformation of the Rieske ironsulfur protein. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JUL 31 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 9 SU S MA 2468 BP A1279 EP A1279 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ZK302 UT WOS:000073305602956 ER PT J AU Bissell, MJ Weaver, VM Lelievre, S Petersen, OW AF Bissell, MJ Weaver, VM Lelievre, S Petersen, OW TI Shifting paradigms: Tissue structure, "tumor suppression and breast cancer SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JUL 31 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 9 SU S MA 2519 BP A1288 EP A1288 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ZK302 UT WOS:000073305603007 ER PT J AU Brandes, HK Larimer, FW Hartman, FC AF Brandes, HK Larimer, FW Hartman, FC TI Mutagenesis of tryptophanyl residues of spinach phosphoribulokinase (PRK) SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Tennessee, Biomed Sch, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JUL 31 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 9 SU S MA 1622 BP A1135 EP A1135 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ZK302 UT WOS:000073305602106 ER PT J AU Buckley, BJ Springer, P Vanderberg-Twary, L Unkefer, CJ AF Buckley, BJ Springer, P Vanderberg-Twary, L Unkefer, CJ TI Kinetic and mechanistic characterization of haloalkane dehalogenase SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, CST 4, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JUL 31 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 9 SU S MA 2659 BP A1312 EP A1312 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ZK302 UT WOS:000073305603146 ER PT J AU Crawford, OH AF Crawford, OH TI A Bayesian threading algorithm for protein fold recognition SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JUL 31 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 9 SU S MA 1064 BP A1039 EP A1039 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ZK302 UT WOS:000073305601548 ER PT J AU Dyer, RB Woodruff, WH Gilmanshin, R Callender, RH AF Dyer, RB Woodruff, WH Gilmanshin, R Callender, RH TI Fast events in protein folding: Structures and fast folding dynamics of the native and acid forms of apomyoglobin SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, New York, NY USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, New York, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JUL 31 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 9 SU S MA 1108 BP A1047 EP A1047 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ZK302 UT WOS:000073305601594 ER PT J AU Eisenberg, D Fischer, D Rice, DW Weiss, R AF Eisenberg, D Fischer, D Rice, DW Weiss, R TI 3D fold assignments of genome sequences SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, DOE, Lab Struct Biol & Mol Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JUL 31 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 9 SU S MA 2556 BP A1295 EP A1295 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ZK302 UT WOS:000073305603043 ER PT J AU Hamilton, MG Hodge, M Wall, JS AF Hamilton, MG Hodge, M Wall, JS TI Hemolymph proteins in the oyster: Carbonic anhydrase and an esterase. Stem mass measurements of the carbonic anhydrase SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lincoln Ctr, Fordham Coll, New York, NY USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JUL 31 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 9 SU S MA 3277 BP A1417 EP A1417 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ZK302 UT WOS:000073305603766 ER PT J AU Harpel, MR Larimer, FW Hartman, FC AF Harpel, MR Larimer, FW Hartman, FC TI Covalent chemical rescue of Rhodospirillum rubrum ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) mutants SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Prot Eng Prog, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JUL 31 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 9 SU S MA 1690 BP A1147 EP A1147 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ZK302 UT WOS:000073305602176 ER PT J AU Joachimiak, EQRA AF Joachimiak, EQRA TI GroES forms a complex with malate dehydrogenase released from GroEL chaperonin SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Argonne Natl Lab, CMB, Argonne, IL 60540 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JUL 31 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 9 SU S MA 1102 BP A1046 EP A1046 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ZK302 UT WOS:000073305601588 ER PT J AU Kuchumov, AR Wall, JS Weber, RE Vinogradov, SN AF Kuchumov, AR Wall, JS Weber, RE Vinogradov, SN TI Role of non-globin linkers in the giant hemoglobin of Lumbricus terrestris SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Detroit, MI USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JUL 31 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 9 SU S MA 1085 BP A1043 EP A1043 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ZK302 UT WOS:000073305601573 ER PT J AU Lacks, ISA Zhang, YB Ayalew, S Greenberg, B AF Lacks, ISA Zhang, YB Ayalew, S Greenberg, B TI An operon in Streptococcus pneumoniae containing genes encoding RNase HII and signal peptidase SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JUL 31 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 9 SU S MA 3034 BP A1376 EP A1376 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ZK302 UT WOS:000073305603526 ER PT J AU Luebke, KJ Landry, SM Tinoco, I AF Luebke, KJ Landry, SM Tinoco, I TI Solution conformation of a five-nucleotide RNA bulge loop from a group I intron SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JUL 31 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 9 SU S MA 2506 BP A1286 EP A1286 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ZK302 UT WOS:000073305602993 ER PT J AU McCutchen-Maloney, SL Hwang, M Bessho, T Sancar, A Thelen, MP AF McCutchen-Maloney, SL Hwang, M Bessho, T Sancar, A Thelen, MP TI Characterization of the XPF endonuclease complex SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biochem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JUL 31 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 9 SU S MA 3012 BP A1372 EP A1372 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ZK302 UT WOS:000073305603499 ER PT J AU Mesecar, AD Stoddard, BL Koshland, DE AF Mesecar, AD Stoddard, BL Koshland, DE TI Small conformational changes of an enzyme under catalytic turnover - The isocitrate dehydrogenase catalyzed reaction. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Adv Mat, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Basic Sci, Program Struct Biol, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JUL 31 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 9 SU S MA 2672 BP A1315 EP A1315 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ZK302 UT WOS:000073305603159 ER PT J AU Oprea, TI Hummer, G Garcia, AE AF Oprea, TI Hummer, G Garcia, AE TI Identification of a functional water channel in cytochrome P450 enzymes SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Oprea, Tudor/A-5746-2011; Hummer, Gerhard/A-2546-2013 OI Oprea, Tudor/0000-0002-6195-6976; Hummer, Gerhard/0000-0001-7768-746X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JUL 31 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 9 SU S MA P78 BP A784 EP A784 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ZK302 UT WOS:000073305600079 ER PT J AU Pobedimskaya, DD Shik, V Yershov, G Drobishev, A Mologina, N Mirzabekov, A AF Pobedimskaya, DD Shik, V Yershov, G Drobishev, A Mologina, N Mirzabekov, A TI Sequence analysis by hybridization with oligonucleotide microchips: Identification of 3-thalassaemic mutations SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Int Sci & Technol Ctr, Moscow 115516, Russia. WA Engelhardt Inst Mol Biol, Moscow 117984, Russia. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JUL 31 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 9 SU S MA 1374 BP A1091 EP A1091 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ZK302 UT WOS:000073305601860 ER PT J AU Roach, MP Franzen, S Pang, PSH Boxer, SG Woodruff, WH Dawson, JH AF Roach, MP Franzen, S Pang, PSH Boxer, SG Woodruff, WH Dawson, JH TI Thiolate adducts of cavity mutant myoglobin H93G as models for cytochrome P450 SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Biochem & Chem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci & Biotechnol Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JUL 31 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 9 SU S MA P289 BP A820 EP A820 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ZK302 UT WOS:000073305600290 ER PT J AU Schlichting, I Berendzen, J Chu, K Stock, AM Sweet, RM Ringe, D Petsko, GA Davies, M Mueller, EJ Benson, D Sligar, S AF Schlichting, I Berendzen, J Chu, K Stock, AM Sweet, RM Ringe, D Petsko, GA Davies, M Mueller, EJ Benson, D Sligar, S TI Crystal structures of intermediates occurring along the reaction pathway of cytochrome P450(cam) SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Max Planck Inst, Dortmund, Germany. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Adv Biotechnol & Med, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brandeis Univ, Rosenstiel Basic Med Sci Res Ctr, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Illinois, Beckman Inst Adv Sci & Technol, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Biochem, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. RI Schlichting, Ilme/I-1339-2013 NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JUL 31 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 9 SU S MA P2 BP A769 EP A769 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ZK302 UT WOS:000073305600005 ER PT J AU Yeh, TYJ Siath, DJ Springer, PA Trewhella, J Blumenthal, DK AF Yeh, TYJ Siath, DJ Springer, PA Trewhella, J Blumenthal, DK TI Characterization of a peptide representing the phosphorylase kinase gamma-subunit regulatory domain SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JUL 31 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 9 SU S MA 1814 BP A1167 EP A1167 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ZK302 UT WOS:000073305602300 ER PT J AU Zernik-Kobak, M Vasunia, K Connelly, M Anderson, CW Dixon, K AF Zernik-Kobak, M Vasunia, K Connelly, M Anderson, CW Dixon, K TI Sites of UV-induced phosphorylation of the P34 subunit of replication protein A SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JUL 31 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 9 SU S MA 3009 BP A1371 EP A1371 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ZK302 UT WOS:000073305603492 ER PT J AU Zhang, YB Greenberg, B Lacks, SA AF Zhang, YB Greenberg, B Lacks, SA TI Analysis of a Streptococcus pneumoniae gene encoding signal peptidase I and overproduction of the enzyme SO GENE LA English DT Article DE protein export; leader peptidase; proteolytic mechanism; gram-positive bacteria; conserved sequence motif; membrane protein ID COLI LEADER PEPTIDASE; POTENTIAL ACTIVE-SITE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; MEMBRANE; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; MECHANISM; MUTATIONS AB The spi gene of Streptococcus pneumoniae was cloned and its nucleotide sequence was determined. It encodes a protein of 204 amino acids that is homologous to bacterial signal peptidase I proteins. The S. pneumoniae protein contains all of the conserved amino acid sequence motifs previously identified in this enzyme from both prokaryotic and eukaryotic sources. Sequence comparisons revealed several additional motifs characteristic of the enzyme. The cloned S. pneumoniae gene complemented an Escherichia coli mutant defective in its leader peptidase gene. Expression of the spi gene in S. pneumoniae appeared to be essential for viability. The cloned gene was shown to produce a polypeptide of approximately 20 kDa. Overproduction of the S. pneumoniae spi gene in an E. coli expression system gave a native protein product, soluble in the presence of a non-ionic detergent, which should be amenable to structural determination. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT BIOL,UPTON,NY 11973. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI14886] NR 25 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD JUL 31 PY 1997 VL 194 IS 2 BP 249 EP 255 DI 10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00198-4 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA XR458 UT WOS:A1997XR45800012 PM 9272867 ER PT J AU Song, SG Vetrano, JS Bruemmer, SM AF Song, SG Vetrano, JS Bruemmer, SM TI Pinning effect of solute atoms on grain boundary dislocation dissociation SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE extrinsic grain boundary dislocation; dissociation; aluminum ID AUSTENITIC STEEL; ALUMINUM-ALLOY; PRECIPITATION; SEGREGATION; STABILITY; DIFFUSION AB The dissociation of extrinsic grain boundary dislocations (EGBDs) in Al, Al-Mg and Al-Mg-Sn alloys was studied at various temperatures. While EGBDs were commonly observed in low- and high-angle boundaries in the alloy materials deformed to small strains, they could only be seen in low-angle grain boundaries in Al. Annealing of the lightly deformed alloy samples at 100 or 150 degrees C led to the disappearance of the EGBDs with critical disappearance kinetics depending on grain boundary composition. A modified EGBD dissociation mechanism incorporating a solute drag effect has been developed in this work. Predictions based on the model agree reasonably well with the observed thermal behavior of the EGBDs in the three Al alloys. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. RP Song, SG (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, MAT INTERFACES GRP, MS P8-16, POB 999, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 31 PY 1997 VL 232 IS 1-2 BP 23 EP 30 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(97)00090-7 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA XP867 UT WOS:A1997XP86700003 ER PT J AU Wang, XL Payzant, EA Taljat, B Hubbard, CR Keiser, JR Jirinec, MJ AF Wang, XL Payzant, EA Taljat, B Hubbard, CR Keiser, JR Jirinec, MJ TI Experimental determination of the residual stresses in a spiral weld overlay tube SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE residual stresses; neutron diffraction; weld overlay ID NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; STEEL AB Neutron diffraction was used to determine the residual stresses in a spiral weld overlay tube. The specimen was a 2.5 in. OD carbon steel tube covered with a layer of alloy 625 weld overlay. Residual strains in the carbon steel and weld overlay layers were determined using the ferritic (211) and austenitic (311) reflections, respectively. The residual stresses in each material were derived from the measured strains using Hooke's law and appropriate elastic constants. Tensile stress regions were found not only in the weld metal but also in the heat-affected zone in the carbon steel. The maximum tensile stress was located in the weld overlay layer and amounted to 360 MPa, about 75% of the 0.2% yield strength of the weld metal. The experimental data were compared with a finite element analysis based on an uncoupled thermal-mechanical formulation. Overall, the modeling results are in satisfactory agreement with the experimental data, although the hoop strain (stress) seems to have been overestimated by the finite element model. Additional neutron diffraction measurements reveal that these welding residual stresses vanished after annealing at 900 degrees C for 20 min. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 WELDING SERV INC,NORCROSS,GA 30071. RP Wang, XL (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Payzant, Edward/B-5449-2009; Wang, Xun-Li/C-9636-2010 OI Payzant, Edward/0000-0002-3447-2060; Wang, Xun-Li/0000-0003-4060-8777 NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 31 PY 1997 VL 232 IS 1-2 BP 31 EP 38 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(97)00089-0 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA XP867 UT WOS:A1997XP86700004 ER PT J AU Smith, JF Chiara, CJ Fossan, DB Gluckman, GR Lane, GJ Sears, JM Thorslund, I Amro, H Davids, CN Janssens, RVF Seweryniak, D Hibbert, IM Wadsworth, R Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO AF Smith, JF Chiara, CJ Fossan, DB Gluckman, GR Lane, GJ Sears, JM Thorslund, I Amro, H Davids, CN Janssens, RVF Seweryniak, D Hibbert, IM Wadsworth, R Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO TI First observation of excited states in Cs-118: signature inversion in the pi h(11/2)circle times vh(11/2) band SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID COINCIDENCE DATA SETS; HIGH-SPIN STATES; NUCLEI AB Excited states have been observed for the first time in the very neutron-deficient odd-odd Cs-118(55) nucleus. A doubly- decoupled band based on the pi(h(11/2)) x nu (h(11/2)) configuration has been identified to spins over 30 (h) over bar. The band has been assigned to Cs-118 using gamma-recoil and gamma-X-ray coincidences. A low-spin signature inversion is observed between 16 and 17 (h) over bar. The band is discussed with respect to the systematics of signature inversion in odd-odd A similar or equal to 120 nuclei. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. UNIV YORK,DEPT PHYS,YORK YO1 5DD,N YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV NUCL SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT PHYS,STONY BROOK,NY 11794, USA. RI Lane, Gregory/A-7570-2011 OI Lane, Gregory/0000-0003-2244-182X NR 28 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 31 PY 1997 VL 406 IS 1-2 BP 7 EP 13 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(97)00651-5 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA XP701 UT WOS:A1997XP70100002 ER PT J AU Gordon, LE AF Gordon, LE TI Constraints on Delta G from prompt photon plus jet production at HERA-(N)over-right-arrow SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID TO-LEADING-ORDER; STRUCTURE-FUNCTION G1(X); SPIN STRUCTURE-FUNCTION; GLUON POLARIZATION; PROTON; DEUTERON; TARGET; SCATTERING; ASYMMETRY; BEAM AB The utility of prompt photon plus associated jet production for constraining the size and shape of the polarized gluon density of the proton Delta G is examined at root S = 40 GeV, appropriate for the proposed HERA-(N) over right arrow polarized (p) over right arrow (p) over right arrow collider experiment. The calculation is performed at next-to-leading order (O(alpha alpha(s)(2))) in QCD. The reliability of the predictions are examined in some detail. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. RP Gordon, LE (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV HIGH ENERGY PHYS,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 31 PY 1997 VL 406 IS 1-2 BP 184 EP 192 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(97)00615-1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA XP701 UT WOS:A1997XP70100029 ER PT J AU Ren, JM Springer, CS Sherry, AD AF Ren, JM Springer, CS Sherry, AD TI Ion-pairing interactions between Co(en)(3)(3+) and the Na-23 NMR frequency shift reagent TmDOTP5- SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 221st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 24-28, 1996 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc ID NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; RESOLUTION CATION NMR; CELLULAR-ENERGY; INVIVO NA-23; RAT-LIVER; IN-VIVO; NA+; INJURY; CELLS AB Three new formulations of TmDOTP5- (DOTP8- = 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,11-tetrakis(methylene-phosphonate)) have been prepared in an effort to develop a low-osmolality form of the Na-23 frequency shift reagent(SR). Equally concentrated (0.32 M) solutions of (MegH)(4)HTmDOTP (Meg = N-methylglucamine or meglumine), Na4HTmDOTP, and [Co(en)(3)](4/3)HTmDOTP have solution osmolalities of 1245, 1040, and 707 mOsm/kg, respectively, comparable to the ionic and non-ionic gadolinium-based MRI contrast agent preparations in clinical use. An analysis of Na-23 and Co-59 frequency shifts induced by TmDOTP5- indicated that Co(en)(3)(3+) can form both. 1:1 and 2:1 adducts with TmDOTP5- with (log) binding constants of 3.1 +/- 0.4 and 2.5 +/- 0.4, respectively. These values were comparable with those obtained by analysis of the H-1 frequency shifts observed for Co(en)(3)(3+) upon binding to HoDOTP5-. The H-1 shifts of Co(en)(3)(3+) signals induced by YbDOTP5- at pH 7.4 were fitted best by a 1:1 binding model with a conditional binding constant of 3.1 +/- 0.2. The Co-59 and H-1 limiting frequency shifts of Co(en)(3)(3+) could be fitted with a dipolar shift model in which the Co atom of the Co(en)(3)(3+) cation is located 5.0 +/- 0.3 Angstrom from the Ln atom of the LnDOTP(5-) chelate, and with an angle of 40 +/- 0.2 degrees between the Co-Ln vector and the 4-fold symmetry axis of the LnDOTP(5-) complex. Ion pairing of Co(en)(3)(3+) and TmDOTP5- was significant enough in both saline and human blood plasma to reduce the effectiveness of the Na-23 frequency SR. Comparisons between all formulations suggested that Na4HTmDOTP represents the best compromise of lower osmolality with minimal reduction of SR shift potency. C1 UNIV TEXAS,DEPT CHEM,RICHARDSON,TX 75083. UNIV TEXAS,SW MED CTR,DEPT RADIOL,MARY NELL & RALPH B ROGERS MAGNET RESONANCE CTR,DALLAS,TX 75235. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM,UPTON,NY 11973. SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT CHEM,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JUL 30 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 16 BP 3493 EP 3498 DI 10.1021/ic970128q PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA XN695 UT WOS:A1997XN69500019 ER PT J AU Dong, ZC Henning, RW Corbett, JD AF Dong, ZC Henning, RW Corbett, JD TI K8Tl10Zn: A zintl phase containing the zinc-centered thallium polyanion Tl10Zn8- SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID INDIUM CLUSTERS AB Addition of a small amount of zinc to the potassium-thallium system leads to the formation of a cluster with Zn centering an approximately D-4h bicapped square antiprismatic thallium polyhedron. These are well separated by potassium, as shown. Molecular orbital calculations and magnetic susceptibility measurements confirm the Zintl phase classification. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES LAB,US DOE,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM,AMES,IA 50011. NR 20 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JUL 30 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 16 BP 3559 EP & DI 10.1021/ic970309s PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA XN695 UT WOS:A1997XN69500029 ER PT J AU Moen, CD AF Moen, CD TI Solution algorithm for low-Peclet-number reacting flow SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE Navier-Stokes; low Peclet number; chemical vapour deposition; low Mach number; finite volume ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; HORIZONTAL REACTORS; TRANSPORT PHENOMENA; KINETICS; MODEL AB An enhanced solution strategy based on the SIMPLER algorithm is presented for low-Peclet-number mass transport calculations with applications in low-pressure material processing. The accurate solution of highly diffusive flows requires boundary conditions that preserve specified chemical species mass fluxes. The implementation of such boundary conditions in the standard SIMPLER solution procedure leads to degraded convergence that scales with the Peclet number. Modifications to both the non-linear and linear parts of the solution algorithm remove the slow convergence problem. In particular, the linearized species transport equations must be implicitly coupled to the boundary condition equations and the combined system must be solved exactly at each non-linear iteration. The pressure correction boundary conditions are reformulated to ensure that continuity is preserved in each finite volume at each iteration. The boundary condition scaling problem is demonstrated with a simple linear model problem. The enhanced solution strategy is implemented in a baseline computer code that is used to solve the multicomponent Navier-Stokes equations on a generalized, multiple-block grid system. Accelerated convergence rates are demonstrated for several material-processing example problems. (C) 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. RP Moen, CD (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,THERMAL & PLASMA PROC DEPT,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0271-2091 J9 INT J NUMER METH FL JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids PD JUL 30 PY 1997 VL 25 IS 2 BP 225 EP 243 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0363(19970730)25:2<225::AID-FLD549>3.0.CO;2-F PG 19 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA XL867 UT WOS:A1997XL86700007 ER PT J AU Arvanitis, C Geniet, F Iacomi, M Kneur, JL Neveu, A AF Arvanitis, C Geniet, F Iacomi, M Kneur, JL Neveu, A TI Variational solution of the Gross-Neveu model: Finite N and renormalization SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article ID OPTIMIZED DELTA-EXPANSION; CONNECTED VACUUM AMPLITUDE; ANHARMONIC-OSCILLATOR; PERTURBATION-THEORY; SYMMETRY BREAKING; BETA-FUNCTION; FIELD-THEORY; MASS GAP; CONVERGENCE; SERIES AB We show how to perform systematically improvable variational calculations in the O(2N) Gross-Neveu model for generic N, in such a way that all infinities usually plaguing such calculations are accounted for in a way compatible with the perturbative renormalization group. The final point is a general framework for the calculation of nonperturbative quantities like condensates, masses, etc., in an asymptotically free field theory. For the Gross-Neveu model, the numerical results obtained from a ''two-loop'' variational calculation are in a very good agreement with exact quantities down to low values of N. C1 UNIV MONTPELLIER 2,PHYS MATH LAB,CNRS,F-34095 MONTPELLIER 05,FRANCE. CERN,DIV THEORET PHYS,CH-1211 GENEVA 23,SWITZERLAND. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,THEORET PHYS GRP,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Arvanitis, C (reprint author), UNIV LONDON IMPERIAL COLL SCI TECHNOL & MED,DEPT PHYS,THEORET PHYS GRP,PRINCE CONSORT RD,LONDON SW7 2BZ,ENGLAND. OI Neveu, Andre/0000-0003-1235-9988 NR 31 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD JUL 30 PY 1997 VL 12 IS 19 BP 3307 EP 3334 DI 10.1142/S0217751X97001730 PG 28 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA XJ287 UT WOS:A1997XJ28700002 ER PT J AU Omberg, KM Schoonover, JR Treadway, JA Leasure, RM Dyer, RB Meyer, TJ AF Omberg, KM Schoonover, JR Treadway, JA Leasure, RM Dyer, RB Meyer, TJ TI Mid-infrared spectrum of [Ru(bpy)(3)](2+) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TRANSFER EXCITED-STATES; TRANSITION-METAL COMPLEXES; RESOLVED RESONANCE RAMAN; ULTRAFAST ELECTRON-TRANSFER; MIXED-LIGAND COMPLEXES; CHARGE-TRANSFER; RUTHENIUM(II) COMPLEXES; VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; POLYPYRIDYL COMPLEXES; CYTOCHROME-OXIDASE AB The first time-resolved infrared difference spectra for metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited states in the fingerprint region from 1400 to 1625 cm(-1) are reported for [Ru(bpy)(3)](2+)* and [Re(bpy)(CO)(3)(4-Etpy)](+)* in CD3CN at 298 K (bpy is 2,2'-bipyridine; 4-Etpy is 4-ethylpyridine). The spectra are assigned by comparison to ground-state spectra and electrochemically generated [RuIII(bpy)(3)](3+) and [Ru-II(bpy(.-))(bpy)(2)](+). The data provide clear evidence for the localized description [Ru-III(bpy(.-))(bpy)(2)](2+)* on the similar to 100 ns time scale. They also give insight into electronic distribution in the excited state based on the magnitudes and directions of the infrared shifts. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, DIV CHEM SCI & TECHNOL, BIOSCI & BIOTECHNOL GRP CST4, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. UNIV N CAROLINA, DEPT CHEM, CHAPEL HILL, NC 27599 USA. RI Omberg, Kristin/I-5972-2013 NR 58 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 4 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 30 PY 1997 VL 119 IS 30 BP 7013 EP 7018 DI 10.1021/ja970511u PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XN525 UT WOS:A1997XN52500009 ER PT J AU Peng, XG Schlamp, MC Kadavanich, AV Alivisatos, AP AF Peng, XG Schlamp, MC Kadavanich, AV Alivisatos, AP TI Epitaxial growth of highly luminescent CdSe/CdS core/shell nanocrystals with photostability and electronic accessibility SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON; QUANTUM DOTS; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; CDS; SURFACE; SUPERLATTICES; PARTICLES; CONFINEMENT; CDS/HGS/CDS; ABSORPTION AB The synthesis of epitaxially grown, wurtzite CdSe/CdS core/shell nanocrystals is reported. Shells of up to three monolayers in thickness were grown on cores ranging in diameter from 23 to 39 Angstrom. Shell growth was controllable to within a tenth of a monolayer and was consistently accompanied by a red shift of the absorption spectrum, an increase of the room temperature photoluminescence quantum yield (up to at least 50%), and an increase in the photostability. Shell growth was shown to be uniform and epitaxial by the use of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and optical spectroscopy. The experimental results indicate that in the excited state the hole is confined to the core and the electron is delocalized throughout the entire structure. The photostability can be explained by the confinement of the hole, while the delocalization of the electron results in a degree of electronic accessibility that makes these nanocrystals attractive for use in optoelectronic devices. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT CHEM,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,INST MOL DESIGN,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RI Alivisatos , Paul /N-8863-2015; peng, xiaogang/R-6184-2016 OI Alivisatos , Paul /0000-0001-6895-9048; peng, xiaogang/0000-0002-5606-8472 NR 41 TC 1833 Z9 1889 U1 80 U2 731 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 30 PY 1997 VL 119 IS 30 BP 7019 EP 7029 DI 10.1021/ja970754m PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XN525 UT WOS:A1997XN52500010 ER PT J AU Chernyshev, AV Krasulin, AB Laptev, VD Matveev, VA Cooper, MD AF Chernyshev, AV Krasulin, AB Laptev, VD Matveev, VA Cooper, MD TI A method for improving the constraint on the tensor coupling constant in radiative pion decay SO MODERN PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article ID FORM-FACTOR; RATIO AB The possibility exists for improving the present experimental constraint on the tensor coupling constant in radiative pion decay by at least a factor of six. The method emphasizes relative decay probabilities rather than absolute rates. C1 RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,INST NUCL RES,MOSCOW 117312,RUSSIA. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 0217-7323 J9 MOD PHYS LETT A JI Mod. Phys. Lett. A PD JUL 30 PY 1997 VL 12 IS 23 BP 1669 EP 1676 DI 10.1142/S0217732397001709 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA XQ575 UT WOS:A1997XQ57500002 ER PT J AU Peterson, KA AF Peterson, KA TI Accurate ab initio near-equilibrium potential energy and dipole moment functions of HOCl and HOBr SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE dipole moment functions; potential energy; spectroscopy ID MOLECULAR WAVE-FUNCTIONS; CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION CALCULATIONS; VIBRATION-ROTATION SPECTRA; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; BENCHMARK CALCULATIONS; HYPOCHLOROUS ACID; COUPLED-CLUSTER; DIATOMIC HYDRIDES; FORCE-FIELD; NU(1) BAND AB Accurate three-dimensional, near-equilibrium potential energy and electric dipole moment surfaces have been computed for HOCl and HOBr using the CCSD(T) method with large correlation consistent basis sets. The analytical potential energy and dipole moment functions have been used in perturbational and variational calculations of the anharmonic spectroscopic constants and vibrational spectra of HOCl/DOCl and HOBr/DOBr. Excellent agreement with experiment is observed for the fundamentals and low-lying overtones and combination bands. The calculated IR spectra and intensities of HOBr are calculated to be very similar to those of HOCl. In general, the calculated intensities of the deuterated species are weaker by about a factor of two, but have the same general features. An exception is the nu(2) + 3 nu(3) combination band of DOBr, which is predicted to borrow intensity from the strong nu(1) band, resulting in a significant calculated band intensity of the same magnitude as the nu(3) fundamental. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 PACIFIC NW LAB, ENVIRONM MOL SCI LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RP Peterson, KA (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, DEPT CHEM, 100 SPROUT RD, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 56 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1386-1425 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA A JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. A-Molec. Biomolec. Spectr. PD JUL 30 PY 1997 VL 53 IS 8 BP 1051 EP 1064 DI 10.1016/S1386-1425(97)00014-0 PG 14 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA XL198 UT WOS:A1997XL19800003 ER PT J AU Carter, S Bowman, JM Harding, LB AF Carter, S Bowman, JM Harding, LB TI Ab initio calculations of force fields for H2CN and ClHCN and vibrational energies of H2CN SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE force fields; vibrational energies; vibrational states ID CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; REACTIVE SCATTERING; ROTATIONAL ANALYSIS; FORMALDEHYDE; ATOMS; H-2+CN->H+HCN AB Ab initio calculations of electronic energies and fitted force fields are reported for H2CN and ClHCN. The force field for H2CN in internal coordinates is used in rigorous, full dimensional variational calculations of numerous vibrational states. The same force field is also used in vibrational self-consistent held (VSCF) calculations, using a new code which is currently restricted to at most four-mode coupling. The convergence of VSCF energies in internal coordinates is examined for one-mode, two-mode, three-mode, and four-mode approximations to the full internal coordinate force field. VSCF calculations using a conventional normal coordinate force field for H2CN are also reported. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 EMORY UNIV, DEPT CHEM, ATLANTA, GA 30322 USA. EMORY UNIV, CHERRY L EMERSON CTR SCI COMPUTAT, ATLANTA, GA 30322 USA. ARGONNE NATL LAB, DIV CHEM, ARGONNE, IL 60439 USA. NR 28 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1386-1425 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA A JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. A-Molec. Biomolec. Spectr. PD JUL 30 PY 1997 VL 53 IS 8 BP 1179 EP 1188 DI 10.1016/S1386-1425(97)00010-3 PG 10 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA XL198 UT WOS:A1997XL19800014 ER PT J AU Smith, GD Borodin, O Pekny, M Annis, B Londono, D Jaffe, RL AF Smith, GD Borodin, O Pekny, M Annis, B Londono, D Jaffe, RL TI Polymer force fields from ab initio studies of small model molecules: Can we achieve chemical accuracy? SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE molecular modeling techniques; polymer force fields; small model molecules ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; 1,2-DIMETHOXYETHANE; CONFORMATIONS; SIMULATIONS; GAS AB We endeavor to demonstrate, using poly(ethylene oxide) (PEG) as a model system, that atomistic force fields based upon high-level quantum chemistry calculations on small model molecules can accurately reproduce static and dynamic properties of polymer melts and solutions. The validity of the force field is demonstrated through (1) comparison of predicted properties of the small molecules obtained from quantum chemistry with experiment, (2) comparison of properties predicted by the force field for larger molecules with those determined from quantum chemistry and (3) comparison of static and dynamic properties obtained from molecular dynamics simulations of PEO melts and PEO/LiI solutions using the quantum chemistry based force field with experimental neutron scattering and NMR measurements on these systems. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 UNIV MISSOURI, DEPT CHEM ENGN, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 USA. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, DIV CHEM & ANALYT SCI, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. NASA, AMES RES CTR, MOFFETT FIELD, CA 94035 USA. RI Borodin, Oleg/B-6855-2012 OI Borodin, Oleg/0000-0002-9428-5291 NR 19 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1386-1425 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA A JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. A-Molec. Biomolec. Spectr. PD JUL 30 PY 1997 VL 53 IS 8 BP 1273 EP 1283 DI 10.1016/S1386-1425(97)00012-7 PG 11 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA XL198 UT WOS:A1997XL19800021 ER PT J AU Krumke, SO Marathe, MV Noltemeier, H Radhakrishnan, V Ravi, SS Rosenkrantz, DJ AF Krumke, SO Marathe, MV Noltemeier, H Radhakrishnan, V Ravi, SS Rosenkrantz, DJ TI Compact location problems SO THEORETICAL COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Annual Conference on Computing and Combinatorics (COCOON 95) CY AUG 24-26, 1995 CL XIAN, PEOPLES R CHINA ID ALGORITHMS AB We consider the problem of placing a specified number (p) of facilities on the nodes of a network so as to minimize some measure of the distances between facilities. This type of problem models a number of problems arising in facility location, statistical clustering, pattern recognition, and processor allocation problems in multiprocessor systems. We consider the problem under three different objectives, namely minimizing the diameter, minimizing the average distance, and minimizing the variance. We observe that, in general, the problem is NP-hard under any of the objectives. Further, even obtaining a constant factor approximation for any of the objectives is NP-hard. We present a general framework for obtaining near-optimal solutions to the compact location problems for the above measures, when the distances satisfy the triangle inequality. We show that this framework can be extended to the case when there are also node weights. Further, we investigate the complexity and approximability of more general versions of these problems, where two distance values are specified for each pair of potential sites. In these cases, the goal is to a select a specified number of facilities to minimize a function of one distance metric subject to a budget constraint on the other distance metric. We present algorithms that provide solutions which are within a small constant factor of the objective value while violating the budget constraint by only a small constant factor. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. UNIV WURZBURG,D-97074 WURZBURG,GERMANY. HEWLETT PACKARD CORP,CUPERTINO,CA 95014. SUNY ALBANY,DEPT COMP SCI,ALBANY,NY 12222. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3975 J9 THEOR COMPUT SCI JI Theor. Comput. Sci. PD JUL 30 PY 1997 VL 181 IS 2 BP 379 EP 404 DI 10.1016/S0304-3975(96)00304-0 PG 26 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA XN043 UT WOS:A1997XN04300011 ER PT J AU Kennedy, CE Smilgys, RV Kirkpatrick, DA Ross, JS AF Kennedy, CE Smilgys, RV Kirkpatrick, DA Ross, JS TI Optical performance and durability of solar reflectors protected by an alumina coating SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE alumina; ion-beam-assisted deposition (IBAD); advanced solar reflector ID PMMA AB Solar thermal electric power systems use large solar reflectors to concentrate sunlight to generate electricity. The economic viability of these systems depends on developing a durable, low-cost reflector. The goals for such a reflector are specular reflectance above 90% for at least 10 years under outdoor service conditions and a large-volume manufacturing cost of less than US$10.8/m(2) (US$1.00/ft(2)). Currently, the best candidate materials for solar reflectors are silver-coated, low-iron glass and silvered polymer films. Polymer reflectors are lighter in weight, offer greater system design flexibility, and have the potential for lower cost than glass reflectors. A promising low-cost reflector consists of a silvered polymer protected by an optically transparent alumina coating. The coating is deposited by an ion-beam-assisted physical vapor deposition (IBAD) technique. Samples of this reflector have maintained high optical performance in accelerated testing for more than 3000 h. Solar reflectors produced using this technique may represent an opportunity to bring solar power generation to reality. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,MCLEAN,VA 22102. ARMSTRONG WORLD IND,LANCASTER,PA 17604. RP Kennedy, CE (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 10 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JUL 30 PY 1997 VL 304 IS 1-2 BP 303 EP 309 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(97)00198-3 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA XV582 UT WOS:A1997XV58200048 ER PT J AU Thompson, JR KrusinElbaum, L Christen, DK Song, KJ Paranthaman, M Ullmann, JL Wu, JZ Ren, ZF Wang, JH Tkaczyk, JE DeLuca, JA AF Thompson, JR KrusinElbaum, L Christen, DK Song, KJ Paranthaman, M Ullmann, JL Wu, JZ Ren, ZF Wang, JH Tkaczyk, JE DeLuca, JA TI Current-density enhancements of the highest-T-c superconductors with GeV protons SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPLAYED COLUMNAR DEFECTS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; 0.8 GEV PROTONS; IRRADIATION; TAPES; FISSION AB In several T1- and Hg-based high-T-c superconducting materials, vortex-pinning defects were formed by irradiation with 0.8 GeV protons. The protons cause heavy constituent nuclei (Tl, Hg, Bi,...) to fission, which generates randomly oriented tracks. These columnar defects lead to significant enhancements in the current-conducting properties. We investigated bulk materials and thin films, irradiated with or without Pb or Au ''amplifier foil'' overlayers, which increase the number of column-creating fission fragments. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PHYS,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. IBM CORP,THOMAS J WATSON RES CTR,YORKTOWN HTS,NY 10598. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. UNIV KANSAS,DEPT PHYS,LAWRENCE,KS 66045. SUNY BUFFALO,DEPT CHEM,BUFFALO,NY 14260. GE CO,CORP RES,SCHENECTADY,NY 12301. RP Thompson, JR (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Ren, Zhifeng/B-4275-2014; Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015 OI Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531 NR 19 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 28 PY 1997 VL 71 IS 4 BP 536 EP 538 DI 10.1063/1.119601 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA XM733 UT WOS:A1997XM73300038 ER PT J AU Hofmann, A Falke, T Raith, W Weber, M Becker, DP Lynn, KG AF Hofmann, A Falke, T Raith, W Weber, M Becker, DP Lynn, KG TI Ionization of atomic hydrogen by positrons SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SECTIONS; IMPACT; SCATTERING; BEAM AB New data on positron collisions with atomic hydrogen leading to ionization were taken by using the high-intensity positron beam at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). The measured cross section values for positron-impact ionization, which supersede earlier ones, are in good agreement with other experimental and most theoretical results, while the new data for positronium formation, formerly normalized to impact-ionization data, now disagree with recent theoretical predictions. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT MAT SCI,UPTON,NY 11973. RP Hofmann, A (reprint author), UNIV BIELEFELD,FAK PHYS,POSTFACH 100131,D-33501 BIELEFELD,GERMANY. NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6BE SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD JUL 28 PY 1997 VL 30 IS 14 BP 3297 EP 3303 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/30/14/019 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA XP233 UT WOS:A1997XP23300019 ER PT J AU Abe, F Akimoto, H Akopian, A Albrow, MG Amendolia, SR Amidei, D Antos, J Aota, S Apollinari, G Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Atac, M Azfar, F AzziBacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Badgett, W Bagdasarov, S Bailey, MW Bao, J deBarbaro, P BarbaroGaltieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Barone, M Barzi, E Bauer, G Baumann, T Bedeschi, F Behrends, S Belforte, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Benlloch, J Bensinger, J Benton, D Beretvas, A Berge, JP Berryhill, J Bertolucci, S Bevensee, B Bhatti, A Biery, K Binkley, M Bisello, D Blair, RE Blocker, C Bodek, A Bokhari, W Bolognesi, V Bolla, G Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Breccia, L Bromberg, C Bruner, N BuckleyGeer, E Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G ByonWagner, A Byrum, KL Cammerata, J Campagnari, C Campbell, M Caner, A Carithers, W Carlsmith, D Castro, A Cauz, D Cen, Y Cervelli, F Chang, PS Chang, PT Chao, HY Chapman, J Cheng, MT Chiarelli, G Chikamatsu, T Chiou, CN Christofek, L Cihangir, S Clark, AG Cobal, M Cocca, E Contreras, M Conway, J Cooper, J Cordelli, M Couyoumtzelis, C Crane, D CroninHennessy, D Culbertson, R Daniels, T DeJongh, F Delchamps, S DellAgnello, S DellOrso, M Demina, R Demortier, L Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dittmann, JR Donati, S Done, J Dorigo, T Dunn, A Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Elias, JE Ely, R Engels, E Errede, D Errede, S Fan, Q Feild, G Ferretti, C Fiori, I Flaugher, B Foster, GW Franklin, M Frautschi, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Fukui, Y Funaki, S Galeotti, S Gallinaro, M Ganel, O GarciaSciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Geer, S Gerdes, DW Giannetti, P Giokaris, N Giromini, P Giusti, G Gladney, L Glenzinski, D Gold, M Gonzalez, J Gordon, A Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Grassmann, H Groer, L GrossoPilcher, C Guillian, G Guo, RS Haber, C Hafen, E Hahn, SR Hamilton, R Handler, R Hans, RM Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harral, B Harris, RM Hauger, SA Hauser, J Hawk, C Hayashi, E Heinrich, J Hinrichsen, B Hoffman, KD Hohlmann, M Holck, C Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Holscher, A Hong, S Houk, G Hu, P Huffman, BT Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Hylen, J Ikeda, H Incagli, M Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iwai, J Iwata, Y Jensen, H Joshi, U Kadel, RW Kajfasz, E Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Karr, K Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Keeble, L Keiley, K Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Kesten, P Kestenbaum, D Keup, RM Keutelian, H Keyvan, F Kharadia, B Kim, BJ Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirsch, L Koehn, P Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Kopp, S Kordas, K Korytov, A Koska, W Kovacs, E Kowald, W Krasberg, M Kroll, J Kruse, M Kuwabara, T Kuhlmann, SE Kuns, E Laasanen, AT Lami, S Lammel, S Lamoureux, JI LeCompte, T Leone, S Lewis, JD Limon, P Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, YC Lockyer, N Long, O Loomis, C Loreti, M Lu, J Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lys, J Maeshima, K Maghakian, A Maksimovic, P Mangano, H Mansour, J Mariotti, M Marriner, JP Martin, A Matthews, JAJ Mattingly, R McIntyre, P Melese, P Menzione, A Meschi, E Metzler, S Miao, C Miao, T Michail, G Miller, R Minato, P Miscetti, S Mishina, M Mitsushio, H Miyamoto, T Miyashita, S Moggi, N Morita, Y Mueller, J Mukherjee, A Muller, T Murat, P Nakada, H Nakano, I Nelson, C Neuberger, D NewmanHolmes, C Ngan, CYP Ninomiya, M Nodulman, L Oh, SH Oh, KE Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okabe, M Okusawa, T Oliveira, R Olsen, J Pagliarone, C Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Pappas, SP Parashar, N Park, S Parri, A Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Perazzo, A Pescara, L Peters, MD Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pillai, M Pitts, KT Plunkett, R Pondrom, L Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Ragan, K Reher, D Ribon, A Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robertson, WJ Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Romano, J Rosenson, L Roser, R Saab, T Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sansoni, A Santi, L Sato, H Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Scribano, A Segler, S Seidel, S Seiya, Y Sganos, G Shapiro, MD Shaw, NM Shen, Q Shepard, PF Shimojima, M Shochet, M Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Skarha, J Sliwa, K Snider, FD Song, T Spalding, J Speer, T Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Stanco, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strahl, K Strait, J Strohmer, R Stuart, D Sullivan, G Sumorok, K Suzuki, J Takada, T Takahashi, T Takano, T Takikawa, K Tamura, N Tannenbaum, B Tartarelli, F Taylor, W Teng, PK Teramoto, Y Tether, S Theriot, D Thomas, TL Thun, R Timko, M Tipton, P Titov, A Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Trischuk, W deTroconiz, JF Truitt, S Tseng, J Turini, N Uchida, T Uemura, N Ukegawa, F Unal, G Valls, J vandenBrink, SC Vejcik, S Velev, G Vidal, R Vilar, R Vondracek, M Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wahl, J Wallace, NB Walsh, AM Wang, C Wang, CH Wang, J Wang, MJ Wang, QF Warburton, A Watts, T Webb, R Wei, C Wendt, C Wenzel, H Wester, WC Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkinson, R Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Winn, D Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Worm, S Wu, X Wyss, J Yagil, A Yao, W Yasuoka, K Ye, Y Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yin, M Yoh, J Yosef, C Yovanovitch, Y Yu, I Yu, L Yun, JC Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zhang, L Zhang, W Zucchelli, S AF Abe, F Akimoto, H Akopian, A Albrow, MG Amendolia, SR Amidei, D Antos, J Aota, S Apollinari, G Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Atac, M Azfar, F AzziBacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Badgett, W Bagdasarov, S Bailey, MW Bao, J deBarbaro, P BarbaroGaltieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Barone, M Barzi, E Bauer, G Baumann, T Bedeschi, F Behrends, S Belforte, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Benlloch, J Bensinger, J Benton, D Beretvas, A Berge, JP Berryhill, J Bertolucci, S Bevensee, B Bhatti, A Biery, K Binkley, M Bisello, D Blair, RE Blocker, C Bodek, A Bokhari, W Bolognesi, V Bolla, G Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Breccia, L Bromberg, C Bruner, N BuckleyGeer, E Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G ByonWagner, A Byrum, KL Cammerata, J Campagnari, C Campbell, M Caner, A Carithers, W Carlsmith, D Castro, A Cauz, D Cen, Y Cervelli, F Chang, PS Chang, PT Chao, HY Chapman, J Cheng, MT Chiarelli, G Chikamatsu, T Chiou, CN Christofek, L Cihangir, S Clark, AG Cobal, M Cocca, E Contreras, M Conway, J Cooper, J Cordelli, M Couyoumtzelis, C Crane, D CroninHennessy, D Culbertson, R Daniels, T DeJongh, F Delchamps, S DellAgnello, S DellOrso, M Demina, R Demortier, L Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dittmann, JR Donati, S Done, J Dorigo, T Dunn, A Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Elias, JE Ely, R Engels, E Errede, D Errede, S Fan, Q Feild, G Ferretti, C Fiori, I Flaugher, B Foster, GW Franklin, M Frautschi, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Fukui, Y Funaki, S Galeotti, S Gallinaro, M Ganel, O GarciaSciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Geer, S Gerdes, DW Giannetti, P Giokaris, N Giromini, P Giusti, G Gladney, L Glenzinski, D Gold, M Gonzalez, J Gordon, A Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Grassmann, H Groer, L GrossoPilcher, C Guillian, G Guo, RS Haber, C Hafen, E Hahn, SR Hamilton, R Handler, R Hans, RM Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harral, B Harris, RM Hauger, SA Hauser, J Hawk, C Hayashi, E Heinrich, J Hinrichsen, B Hoffman, KD Hohlmann, M Holck, C Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Holscher, A Hong, S Houk, G Hu, P Huffman, BT Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Hylen, J Ikeda, H Incagli, M Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iwai, J Iwata, Y Jensen, H Joshi, U Kadel, RW Kajfasz, E Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Karr, K Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Keeble, L Keiley, K Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Kesten, P Kestenbaum, D Keup, RM Keutelian, H Keyvan, F Kharadia, B Kim, BJ Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirsch, L Koehn, P Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Kopp, S Kordas, K Korytov, A Koska, W Kovacs, E Kowald, W Krasberg, M Kroll, J Kruse, M Kuwabara, T Kuhlmann, SE Kuns, E Laasanen, AT Lami, S Lammel, S Lamoureux, JI LeCompte, T Leone, S Lewis, JD Limon, P Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, YC Lockyer, N Long, O Loomis, C Loreti, M Lu, J Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lys, J Maeshima, K Maghakian, A Maksimovic, P Mangano, H Mansour, J Mariotti, M Marriner, JP Martin, A Matthews, JAJ Mattingly, R McIntyre, P Melese, P Menzione, A Meschi, E Metzler, S Miao, C Miao, T Michail, G Miller, R Minato, P Miscetti, S Mishina, M Mitsushio, H Miyamoto, T Miyashita, S Moggi, N Morita, Y Mueller, J Mukherjee, A Muller, T Murat, P Nakada, H Nakano, I Nelson, C Neuberger, D NewmanHolmes, C Ngan, CYP Ninomiya, M Nodulman, L Oh, SH Oh, KE Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okabe, M Okusawa, T Oliveira, R Olsen, J Pagliarone, C Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Pappas, SP Parashar, N Park, S Parri, A Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Perazzo, A Pescara, L Peters, MD Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pillai, M Pitts, KT Plunkett, R Pondrom, L Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Ragan, K Reher, D Ribon, A Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robertson, WJ Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Romano, J Rosenson, L Roser, R Saab, T Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sansoni, A Santi, L Sato, H Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Scribano, A Segler, S Seidel, S Seiya, Y Sganos, G Shapiro, MD Shaw, NM Shen, Q Shepard, PF Shimojima, M Shochet, M Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Skarha, J Sliwa, K Snider, FD Song, T Spalding, J Speer, T Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Stanco, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strahl, K Strait, J Strohmer, R Stuart, D Sullivan, G Sumorok, K Suzuki, J Takada, T Takahashi, T Takano, T Takikawa, K Tamura, N Tannenbaum, B Tartarelli, F Taylor, W Teng, PK Teramoto, Y Tether, S Theriot, D Thomas, TL Thun, R Timko, M Tipton, P Titov, A Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Trischuk, W deTroconiz, JF Truitt, S Tseng, J Turini, N Uchida, T Uemura, N Ukegawa, F Unal, G Valls, J vandenBrink, SC Vejcik, S Velev, G Vidal, R Vilar, R Vondracek, M Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wahl, J Wallace, NB Walsh, AM Wang, C Wang, CH Wang, J Wang, MJ Wang, QF Warburton, A Watts, T Webb, R Wei, C Wendt, C Wenzel, H Wester, WC Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkinson, R Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Winn, D Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Worm, S Wu, X Wyss, J Yagil, A Yao, W Yasuoka, K Ye, Y Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yin, M Yoh, J Yosef, C Yovanovitch, Y Yu, I Yu, L Yun, JC Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zhang, L Zhang, W Zucchelli, S TI J/psi and psi(2S) production in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.8 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID = 1.8 TEV; (P)OVER-BAR-P COLLISIONS; FERMILAB-TEVATRON; QUARK PRODUCTION; FRAGMENTATION AB We present a study of J/psi and psi(2S) production in p (p) over bar collisions, at root s = 1.8 TeV with the CDF detector at Fermilab. The J/psi and psi(2S) mesons are reconstructed using their mu(+)mu(-) decay modes. We have measured the inclusive production cross section for both mesons as a function of their transverse momentum in the central region, \eta\ < 0.6. We also measure the fraction of these events originating from b hadrons. We thus extract individual cross-sections for J/psi and psi(2S) mesons from b-quark decays and prompt production. We find a large excess (approximately a factor of 50) of direct psi(2S) production compared with predictions from the color singlet model. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. UNIV BOLOGNA,IST NAZL FIS NUCL,I-40127 BOLOGNA,ITALY. BRANDEIS UNIV,WALTHAM,MA 02264. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. UNIV CHICAGO,CHICAGO,IL 60638. DUKE UNIV,DURHAM,NC 28708. UNIV FLORIDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 33611. IST NAZL FIS NUCL,LAB NAZL FRASCATI,I-00044 FRASCATI,ITALY. UNIV GENEVA,CH-1211 GENEVA 4,SWITZERLAND. HARVARD UNIV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. HIROSHIMA UNIV,HIGASHIHIROSHIMA 724,JAPAN. UNIV ILLINOIS,URBANA,IL 61801. MCGILL UNIV,INST PARTICLE PHYS,MONTREAL,PQ H3A 2T8,CANADA. UNIV TORONTO,TORONTO,ON M5S 1A7,CANADA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. MIT,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. UNIV MICHIGAN,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,E LANSING,MI 48824. UNIV NEW MEXICO,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87132. OHIO STATE UNIV,COLUMBUS,OH 43320. OSAKA CITY UNIV,OSAKA 588,JAPAN. UNIV PADUA,IST NAZL FIS NUCL,SEZ PADOVA,I-36132 PADUA,ITALY. UNIV PENN,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. UNIV PISA,IST NAZL FIS NUCL,I-56100 PISA,ITALY. SCUOLA NORMALE SUPER PISA,I-56100 PISA,ITALY. UNIV PITTSBURGH,PITTSBURGH,PA 15270. PURDUE UNIV,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. UNIV ROCHESTER,ROCHESTER,NY 14628. ROCKEFELLER UNIV,NEW YORK,NY 10021. RUTGERS STATE UNIV,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08854. ACAD SINICA,TAIPEI 11530,TAIWAN. TEXAS A&M UNIV,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. TEXAS TECH UNIV,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. UNIV TSUKUBA,TSUKUBA 315,IBARAKI,JAPAN. TUFTS UNIV,MEDFORD,MA 02155. UNIV WISCONSIN,MADISON,WI 53806. YALE UNIV,NEW HAVEN,CT 06511. FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,BATAVIA,IL 60510. ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Abe, F (reprint author), KEK NAT LAB HIGH ENERGY PHYS,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 315,JAPAN. RI Vucinic, Dejan/C-2406-2008; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015 OI Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580 NR 21 TC 304 Z9 305 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 28 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 4 BP 572 EP 577 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.572 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XM975 UT WOS:A1997XM97500011 ER PT J AU Abe, F Akimoto, H Akopian, A Albrow, MG Amendolia, SR Amidei, D Antos, J Aota, S Apollinari, G Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Atac, M Azfar, F AzziBacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Badgett, W Bagdasarov, S Bailey, MW Bao, J deBarbaro, P BarbaroGaltieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Barone, M Barzi, E Bauer, G Baumann, T Bedeschi, F Behrends, S Belforte, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Benlloch, J Bensinger, J Benton, D Beretvas, A Berge, JP Berryhill, J Bertolucci, S Bevensee, B Bhatti, A Biery, K Binkley, M Bisello, D Blair, RE Blocker, C Bodek, A Bokhari, W Bolognesi, V Bolla, G Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Breccia, L Bromberg, C Bruner, N BuckleyGeer, E Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G ByonWagner, A Byrum, KL Cammerata, J Campagnari, C Campbell, M Caner, A Carithers, W Carlsmith, D Castro, A Cauz, D Cen, Y Cervelli, F Chang, PS Chang, PT Chao, HY Chapman, J Cheng, MT Chiarelli, G Chikamatsu, T Chiou, CN Christofek, L Cihangir, S Clark, AG Cobal, M Cocco, E Contreras, M Conway, J Cooper, J Cordelli, M Couyoumtzelis, C Crane, D CroninHennessy, D Culbertson, R Daniels, T DeJongh, F Delchamps, S DellAgnello, S DellOrso, M Demina, R Demortier, L Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dittmann, JR Donati, S Done, J Dorigo, T Dunn, A Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Elias, JE Ely, R Engels, E Errede, D Errede, S Fan, Q Feild, G Ferretti, C Fiori, I Flaugher, B Foster, GW Franklin, M Frautschi, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Frisch, H Fukui, Y Funaki, S Galeotti, S Gallinaro, M Ganel, O GarciaSciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Geer, S Gerdes, DW Giannetti, P Giokaris, N Giromini, P Giusti, G Gladney, L Glenzinski, D Gold, M Gonzalez, J Gordon, A Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Grassmann, H Groer, L GrossoPilcher, C Guillian, G Guo, RS Haber, C Hafen, E Hahn, SR Hamilton, R Handler, R Hans, RM Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harral, B Harris, RM Hauger, SA Hauser, J Hawk, C Hayashi, E Heinrich, J Hinrichsen, B Hoffman, KD Hohlmann, M Holck, C Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Holscher, A Hong, S Houk, G Hu, P Huffman, BT Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Hylen, J Ikeda, H Incagli, M Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iwai, J Iwata, Y Jensen, H Joshi, U Kadel, TW Kajfasz, E Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Karr, K Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Keeble, L Kelley, K Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Kesten, P Kestenbaum, D Keup, RM Keutelian, H Keyvan, F Kharadia, B Kim, BJ Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirsch, L Koehn, P Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Kopp, S Kordas, K Korytov, A Koska, W Kovacs, E Kowald, W Krasberg, M Kroll, J Kruse, M Kuwabara, T Kuhlmann, SE Kuns, E Laasanen, AT Lami, S Lammel, S Lamoureux, JI LeCompte, T Leone, S Lewis, JD Limon, P Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, YC Lockyer, N Long, O Loomis, C Loreti, M Lu, J Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lys, J Maeshima, K Maghakian, A Maksimovic, P Mangano, M Mansour, J Mariotti, M Marriner, JP Martin, A Matthews, JAJ Mattingly, R McIntyre, P Melese, P Menzione, A Meschi, E Metzler, S Miao, C Miao, T Michail, G Miller, R Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Mitsushio, H Miyamoto, T Miyashita, S Moggi, N Morita, Y Mueller, J Mukherjee, A Muller, T Murat, P Nakada, H Nakano, I Nelson, C Neuberger, D NewmanHolmes, C Ngan, CYP Ninomiya, M Nodulman, L Oh, SH Ohl, KE Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okabe, M Okusawa, T Oliveira, R Olsen, J Pagliarone, C Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Pappas, SP Parashar, N Park, S Parri, A Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Perazzo, A Pescara, L Peters, MD Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pillai, M Pitts, KT Plunkett, R Pondrom, L Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Ragan, K Reher, D Ribon, A Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robertson, WJ Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Romano, J Rosenson, L Roser, R Saab, T Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sansoni, A Santi, L Sato, H Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Scribano, A Segler, S Seidel, S Seiya, Y Sganos, G Shapiro, MD Shaw, NM Shen, Q Shepard, PF Shimojima, M Shochet, M Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Skarha, J Sliwa, K Snider, FD Song, T Spalding, J Speer, T Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Stanco, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strahl, K Strait, J Strohmer, R Stuart, D Sullivan, G Sumorok, K Suzuki, J Takada, T Takahashi, T Takano, T Takikawa, K Tamura, N Tannenbaum, B Tartarelli, F Taylor, W Teng, PK Teramoto, Y Tether, S Theriot, D Thomas, TL Thun, T Timko, M Tipton, P Titov, A Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Toyoda, H Trischuk, W deTroconiz, JF Truitt, S Tseng, J Turini, N Uchida, T Uemura, N Ukegawa, F Unal, G Valls, J vandenBrink, SC Vejcik, S Velev, G Vidal, R Vilar, R Vondracek, M Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wahl, J Wallace, NB Walsh, AM Wang, C WAng, CH Wang, J Wang, MJ Wang, QF Warburton, A Watts, T Webb, R Wei, C WEndt, C Wenzel, H Wester, WC Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkinson, R Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Winn, D Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Worm, S Wu, X Wyss, J Yagil, A Yao, W Yasuoka, K Ye, Y Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yin, M Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yovanovitch, D Yu, I Yu, L Yun, JC Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zhang, L Zhang, W Zucchelli, S AF Abe, F Akimoto, H Akopian, A Albrow, MG Amendolia, SR Amidei, D Antos, J Aota, S Apollinari, G Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Atac, M Azfar, F AzziBacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Badgett, W Bagdasarov, S Bailey, MW Bao, J deBarbaro, P BarbaroGaltieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Barone, M Barzi, E Bauer, G Baumann, T Bedeschi, F Behrends, S Belforte, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Benlloch, J Bensinger, J Benton, D Beretvas, A Berge, JP Berryhill, J Bertolucci, S Bevensee, B Bhatti, A Biery, K Binkley, M Bisello, D Blair, RE Blocker, C Bodek, A Bokhari, W Bolognesi, V Bolla, G Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Breccia, L Bromberg, C Bruner, N BuckleyGeer, E Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G ByonWagner, A Byrum, KL Cammerata, J Campagnari, C Campbell, M Caner, A Carithers, W Carlsmith, D Castro, A Cauz, D Cen, Y Cervelli, F Chang, PS Chang, PT Chao, HY Chapman, J Cheng, MT Chiarelli, G Chikamatsu, T Chiou, CN Christofek, L Cihangir, S Clark, AG Cobal, M Cocco, E Contreras, M Conway, J Cooper, J Cordelli, M Couyoumtzelis, C Crane, D CroninHennessy, D Culbertson, R Daniels, T DeJongh, F Delchamps, S DellAgnello, S DellOrso, M Demina, R Demortier, L Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dittmann, JR Donati, S Done, J Dorigo, T Dunn, A Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Elias, JE Ely, R Engels, E Errede, D Errede, S Fan, Q Feild, G Ferretti, C Fiori, I Flaugher, B Foster, GW Franklin, M Frautschi, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Frisch, H Fukui, Y Funaki, S Galeotti, S Gallinaro, M Ganel, O GarciaSciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Geer, S Gerdes, DW Giannetti, P Giokaris, N Giromini, P Giusti, G Gladney, L Glenzinski, D Gold, M Gonzalez, J Gordon, A Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Grassmann, H Groer, L GrossoPilcher, C Guillian, G Guo, RS Haber, C Hafen, E Hahn, SR Hamilton, R Handler, R Hans, RM Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harral, B Harris, RM Hauger, SA Hauser, J Hawk, C Hayashi, E Heinrich, J Hinrichsen, B Hoffman, KD Hohlmann, M Holck, C Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Holscher, A Hong, S Houk, G Hu, P Huffman, BT Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Hylen, J Ikeda, H Incagli, M Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iwai, J Iwata, Y Jensen, H Joshi, U Kadel, TW Kajfasz, E Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Karr, K Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Keeble, L Kelley, K Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Kesten, P Kestenbaum, D Keup, RM Keutelian, H Keyvan, F Kharadia, B Kim, BJ Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirsch, L Koehn, P Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Kopp, S Kordas, K Korytov, A Koska, W Kovacs, E Kowald, W Krasberg, M Kroll, J Kruse, M Kuwabara, T Kuhlmann, SE Kuns, E Laasanen, AT Lami, S Lammel, S Lamoureux, JI LeCompte, T Leone, S Lewis, JD Limon, P Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, YC Lockyer, N Long, O Loomis, C Loreti, M Lu, J Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lys, J Maeshima, K Maghakian, A Maksimovic, P Mangano, M Mansour, J Mariotti, M Marriner, JP Martin, A Matthews, JAJ Mattingly, R McIntyre, P Melese, P Menzione, A Meschi, E Metzler, S Miao, C Miao, T Michail, G Miller, R Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Mitsushio, H Miyamoto, T Miyashita, S Moggi, N Morita, Y Mueller, J Mukherjee, A Muller, T Murat, P Nakada, H Nakano, I Nelson, C Neuberger, D NewmanHolmes, C Ngan, CYP Ninomiya, M Nodulman, L Oh, SH Ohl, KE Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okabe, M Okusawa, T Oliveira, R Olsen, J Pagliarone, C Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Pappas, SP Parashar, N Park, S Parri, A Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Perazzo, A Pescara, L Peters, MD Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pillai, M Pitts, KT Plunkett, R Pondrom, L Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Ragan, K Reher, D Ribon, A Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robertson, WJ Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Romano, J Rosenson, L Roser, R Saab, T Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sansoni, A Santi, L Sato, H Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Scribano, A Segler, S Seidel, S Seiya, Y Sganos, G Shapiro, MD Shaw, NM Shen, Q Shepard, PF Shimojima, M Shochet, M Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Skarha, J Sliwa, K Snider, FD Song, T Spalding, J Speer, T Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Stanco, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strahl, K Strait, J Strohmer, R Stuart, D Sullivan, G Sumorok, K Suzuki, J Takada, T Takahashi, T Takano, T Takikawa, K Tamura, N Tannenbaum, B Tartarelli, F Taylor, W Teng, PK Teramoto, Y Tether, S Theriot, D Thomas, TL Thun, T Timko, M Tipton, P Titov, A Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Toyoda, H Trischuk, W deTroconiz, JF Truitt, S Tseng, J Turini, N Uchida, T Uemura, N Ukegawa, F Unal, G Valls, J vandenBrink, SC Vejcik, S Velev, G Vidal, R Vilar, R Vondracek, M Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wahl, J Wallace, NB Walsh, AM Wang, C WAng, CH Wang, J Wang, MJ Wang, QF Warburton, A Watts, T Webb, R Wei, C WEndt, C Wenzel, H Wester, WC Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkinson, R Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Winn, D Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Worm, S Wu, X Wyss, J Yagil, A Yao, W Yasuoka, K Ye, Y Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yin, M Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yovanovitch, D Yu, I Yu, L Yun, JC Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zhang, L Zhang, W Zucchelli, S TI Production of J/psi mesons from chi(c) meson decays in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.8 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHARMONIUM PRODUCTION; FERMILAB-TEVATRON; FRAGMENTATION; PSI'; CDF; DETECTOR; COLLIDER AB We have measured the fraction of J/psi mesons originating from chi(c) meson decays in p (p) over bar collisions at root s = 1.8 TeV. The fraction, for P-T/(J/psi) > 4.0 GeV/c and \(eta) over dot(J/psi) < 0.6, not including contributions from b flavored hadrons, is 29.7% +/- 1.7%(stat) +/- 5.7%(syst). We have determined the cross sections for J/psi mesons originating from chi(c) decays and for directly produced J/psi mesons. We have found that direct J/psi production is in excess of the prediction of the color singlet model by the same factor found for direct psi(2S) production. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. UNIV BOLOGNA,IST NAZL FIS NUCL,I-40127 BOLOGNA,ITALY. BRANDEIS UNIV,WALTHAM,MA 02264. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. UNIV CHICAGO,CHICAGO,IL 60638. DUKE UNIV,DURHAM,NC 28708. UNIV FLORIDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 33611. IST NAZL FIS NUCL,LAB NAZL FRASCATI,I-00044 FRASCATI,ITALY. UNIV GENEVA,CH-1211 GENEVA 4,SWITZERLAND. HARVARD UNIV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. HIROSHIMA UNIV,HIGASHIHIROSHIMA 724,JAPAN. UNIV ILLINOIS,URBANA,IL 61801. MCGILL UNIV,INST PARTICLE PHYS,MONTREAL,PQ H3A 2T8,CANADA. UNIV TORONTO,TORONTO,ON M5S 1A7,CANADA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. MIT,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. UNIV MICHIGAN,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,E LANSING,MI 48824. UNIV NEW MEXICO,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87132. OHIO STATE UNIV,COLUMBUS,OH 43320. OSAKA CITY UNIV,OSAKA 588,JAPAN. UNIV PADUA,IST NAZL FIS NUCL,SEZ PADOVA,I-36132 PADUA,ITALY. UNIV PENN,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. UNIV PISA,IST NAZL FIS NUCL,I-56100 PISA,ITALY. SCUOLA NORMALE SUPER PISA,I-56100 PISA,ITALY. UNIV PITTSBURGH,PITTSBURGH,PA 15270. PURDUE UNIV,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. UNIV ROCHESTER,ROCHESTER,NY 14628. ROCKEFELLER UNIV,NEW YORK,NY 10021. RUTGERS STATE UNIV,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08854. ACAD SINICA,TAIPEI 11530,TAIWAN. TEXAS A&M UNIV,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. TEXAS TECH UNIV,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. UNIV TSUKUBA,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 315,JAPAN. TUFTS UNIV,MEDFORD,MA 02155. UNIV WISCONSIN,MADISON,WI 53806. YALE UNIV,NEW HAVEN,CT 06511. ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,BATAVIA,IL 60510. RP Abe, F (reprint author), KEK NAT LAB HIGH ENERGY PHYS,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 315,JAPAN. RI Vucinic, Dejan/C-2406-2008; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015 OI Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580 NR 17 TC 242 Z9 243 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 28 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 4 BP 578 EP 583 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.578 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XM975 UT WOS:A1997XM97500012 ER PT J AU Abe, F Akimoto, H Akopian, A Albrow, MG Amendolia, SR Amidei, D Antos, J Aota, S Apollinari, G Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Atac, M Azfar, F AzziBacchetta, P Badgett, W Bagdasarov, S Bailey, MW Bao, J deBarbaro, P BarbaroGaltieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Barone, M Barzi, E Bauer, G Baumann, T Bedeschi, F Behrends, S Belforte, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Benlloch, J Bensinger, J Benton, D Beretvas, A Berge, JP Berryhill, J Bertolucci, S Bevensee, B Bhatti, A Biery, K Binkley, M Bisello, D Blair, RE Blocker, C Bodek, A Bokhari, W Bolognesi, V Bolla, G Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Breccia, L Bromberg, C Bruner, N BuckleyGeer, E Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G ByonWagner, A Byrum, KL Cammerata, J Campagnari, C Campbell, M Caner, A Carithers, W Carlsmith, D Castro, A Cauz, D Cen, Y Cervelli, F Chang, PS Chang, PT Chao, HY Chapman, J Cheng, MT Chiarelli, G Chikamatsu, T Chiou, CN Christofek, L Cihangir, S Clark, AG Cobal, M Cocca, E Contreras, M Conway, J Cooper, J Cordelli, M Couyoumtzelis, C Crane, D CroninHennessy, D Culbertson, R Daniels, T DeJongh, F Delchamps, S DellAgnello, S DellOrso, M Demina, R Demortier, L Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dittmann, JR Donati, S Done, J Dorigo, T Dunn, A Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Elias, JE Ely, R Engels, E Errede, D Fan, Q Feild, G Ferretti, C Fiori, I Flaugher, B Foster, GW Franklin, M Frautschi, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Frisch, H Fukui, Y Funaki, S Galeotti, S Gallinaro, M Ganel, O GarciaSciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Geer, S Gerdes, DW Giannetti, P Giokaris, N Giromini, P Giusti, G Gladney, L Glenzinski, D Gold, M Gonzalez, J Gordon, A Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Grassmann, H Groer, L GrossoPilcher, C Guillian, G Guo, RS Haber, C Hafen, E Hahn, SR Hamilton, R Handler, R Hans, RM Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harral, B Harris, RM Hauger, SA Hauser, J Hawk, C Hayashi, E Heinrich, J Hinrichsen, B Hoffman, KD Hohlmann, M Holck, C Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Hong, S Houk, G Hu, P Huffman, BT Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Hylen, J Ikeda, H Incagli, M Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iwai, J Iwata, Y Jensen, H Joshi, U Kadel, TW Kajfasz, E Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Karr, K Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Kelley, K Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Kesten, P Kestenbaum, D Keutelian, H Keyvan, F Kharadia, B Kim, BJ Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirsch, L Koehn, P Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Kopp, S Kordas, K Korytov, A Koska, W Kovacs, E Kowald, W Krasberg, M Kroll, J Kruse, M Kuwabara, T Kuhlmann, SE Kuns, E Laasanen, AT Lami, S Lammel, S Lamoureux, JI Lancaster, M LeCompte, T Leone, S Lewis, JD Limon, P Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, LB Liu, YC Lockyer, N Long, O Loomis, C Loreti, M Lu, J Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lys, J Maeshima, K Maghakian, A Maksimovic, P Mangano, M Mansour, J Mariotti, M Marriner, JP Martin, A Matthews, JAJ Mattingly, R McIntyre, P Melese, P Menzione, A Meschi, E Metzler, S Miao, C Miao, T Michail, G Miller, R Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Mitsushio, H Miyamoto, T Miyashita, S Moggi, N Morita, Y Mukherjee, A Muller, T Murat, P Nakada, H Nakano, I Nelson, C Neuberger, D NewmanHolmes, C Ngan, CYP Ninomiya, M Nodulman, L Oh, SH Ohl, KE Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okabe, M Okusawa, T Oliveira, R Olsen, J Pagliarone, C Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Pappas, SP Parashar, N Park, S Parri, A Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Perazzo, A Pescara, L Peters, MD Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pillai, M Pitts, KT Plunkett, R Pondrom, L Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Ragan, K Reher, D Ribon, A Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robertson, WJ Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Romano, J Rosenson, L Roser, R Saab, T Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sansoni, A Santi, L Sato, H Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Scribano, A Segler, S Seidel, S Seiya, Y Sganos, G Shapiro, MD Shaw, NM Shen, Q Shepard, PF Shimojima, M Shochet, M Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Skarha, J Sliwa, K Snider, FD Song, T Spalding, J Speer, T Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Stanco, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strahl, K Strait, J Strohmer, R Stuart, D Sullivan, G Sumorok, K Suzuki, J Takada, T Takahashi, T Takano, T Takikawa, K Tamura, N Tannenbaum, B Tartarelli, F Taylor, W Teng, PK Teramoto, Y Tether, S Theriot, D Thomas, TL Thun, R ThurmanKeup, R Timko, M Tipton, P Titov, A Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Toyoda, H Trischuk, W deTroconiz, JF Truitt, S Tseng, J Turini, N Uchida, T Uemura, N Ukegawa, F Unal, G Valls, J vandenBrink, SC Vejcik, S Velev, G Vidal, R Vilar, R Vondracek, M Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wahl, J Wallace, NB Walsh, AM Wang, C Wang, CH Wang, J Wang, MJ Wang, QF Warburton, A Watts, T Webb, R Wei, C Wenzel, H Wester, WC Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkinson, R Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Winn, D Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Worm, S Wu, X Wyss, J Yagil, A Yao, W Yasuoka, K Ye, Y Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yin, M Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yovanovitch, D Yu, I Yu, L Yun, JC Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zhang, L Zhang, W Zucchelli, S AF Abe, F Akimoto, H Akopian, A Albrow, MG Amendolia, SR Amidei, D Antos, J Aota, S Apollinari, G Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Atac, M Azfar, F AzziBacchetta, P Badgett, W Bagdasarov, S Bailey, MW Bao, J deBarbaro, P BarbaroGaltieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Barone, M Barzi, E Bauer, G Baumann, T Bedeschi, F Behrends, S Belforte, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Benlloch, J Bensinger, J Benton, D Beretvas, A Berge, JP Berryhill, J Bertolucci, S Bevensee, B Bhatti, A Biery, K Binkley, M Bisello, D Blair, RE Blocker, C Bodek, A Bokhari, W Bolognesi, V Bolla, G Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Breccia, L Bromberg, C Bruner, N BuckleyGeer, E Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G ByonWagner, A Byrum, KL Cammerata, J Campagnari, C Campbell, M Caner, A Carithers, W Carlsmith, D Castro, A Cauz, D Cen, Y Cervelli, F Chang, PS Chang, PT Chao, HY Chapman, J Cheng, MT Chiarelli, G Chikamatsu, T Chiou, CN Christofek, L Cihangir, S Clark, AG Cobal, M Cocca, E Contreras, M Conway, J Cooper, J Cordelli, M Couyoumtzelis, C Crane, D CroninHennessy, D Culbertson, R Daniels, T DeJongh, F Delchamps, S DellAgnello, S DellOrso, M Demina, R Demortier, L Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dittmann, JR Donati, S Done, J Dorigo, T Dunn, A Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Elias, JE Ely, R Engels, E Errede, D Fan, Q Feild, G Ferretti, C Fiori, I Flaugher, B Foster, GW Franklin, M Frautschi, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Frisch, H Fukui, Y Funaki, S Galeotti, S Gallinaro, M Ganel, O GarciaSciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Geer, S Gerdes, DW Giannetti, P Giokaris, N Giromini, P Giusti, G Gladney, L Glenzinski, D Gold, M Gonzalez, J Gordon, A Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Grassmann, H Groer, L GrossoPilcher, C Guillian, G Guo, RS Haber, C Hafen, E Hahn, SR Hamilton, R Handler, R Hans, RM Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harral, B Harris, RM Hauger, SA Hauser, J Hawk, C Hayashi, E Heinrich, J Hinrichsen, B Hoffman, KD Hohlmann, M Holck, C Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Hong, S Houk, G Hu, P Huffman, BT Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Hylen, J Ikeda, H Incagli, M Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iwai, J Iwata, Y Jensen, H Joshi, U Kadel, TW Kajfasz, E Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Karr, K Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Kelley, K Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Kesten, P Kestenbaum, D Keutelian, H Keyvan, F Kharadia, B Kim, BJ Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirsch, L Koehn, P Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Kopp, S Kordas, K Korytov, A Koska, W Kovacs, E Kowald, W Krasberg, M Kroll, J Kruse, M Kuwabara, T Kuhlmann, SE Kuns, E Laasanen, AT Lami, S Lammel, S Lamoureux, JI Lancaster, M LeCompte, T Leone, S Lewis, JD Limon, P Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, LB Liu, YC Lockyer, N Long, O Loomis, C Loreti, M Lu, J Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lys, J Maeshima, K Maghakian, A Maksimovic, P Mangano, M Mansour, J Mariotti, M Marriner, JP Martin, A Matthews, JAJ Mattingly, R McIntyre, P Melese, P Menzione, A Meschi, E Metzler, S Miao, C Miao, T Michail, G Miller, R Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Mitsushio, H Miyamoto, T Miyashita, S Moggi, N Morita, Y Mukherjee, A Muller, T Murat, P Nakada, H Nakano, I Nelson, C Neuberger, D NewmanHolmes, C Ngan, CYP Ninomiya, M Nodulman, L Oh, SH Ohl, KE Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okabe, M Okusawa, T Oliveira, R Olsen, J Pagliarone, C Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Pappas, SP Parashar, N Park, S Parri, A Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Perazzo, A Pescara, L Peters, MD Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pillai, M Pitts, KT Plunkett, R Pondrom, L Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Ragan, K Reher, D Ribon, A Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robertson, WJ Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Romano, J Rosenson, L Roser, R Saab, T Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sansoni, A Santi, L Sato, H Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Scribano, A Segler, S Seidel, S Seiya, Y Sganos, G Shapiro, MD Shaw, NM Shen, Q Shepard, PF Shimojima, M Shochet, M Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Skarha, J Sliwa, K Snider, FD Song, T Spalding, J Speer, T Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Stanco, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strahl, K Strait, J Strohmer, R Stuart, D Sullivan, G Sumorok, K Suzuki, J Takada, T Takahashi, T Takano, T Takikawa, K Tamura, N Tannenbaum, B Tartarelli, F Taylor, W Teng, PK Teramoto, Y Tether, S Theriot, D Thomas, TL Thun, R ThurmanKeup, R Timko, M Tipton, P Titov, A Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Toyoda, H Trischuk, W deTroconiz, JF Truitt, S Tseng, J Turini, N Uchida, T Uemura, N Ukegawa, F Unal, G Valls, J vandenBrink, SC Vejcik, S Velev, G Vidal, R Vilar, R Vondracek, M Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wahl, J Wallace, NB Walsh, AM Wang, C Wang, CH Wang, J Wang, MJ Wang, QF Warburton, A Watts, T Webb, R Wei, C Wenzel, H Wester, WC Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkinson, R Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Winn, D Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Worm, S Wu, X Wyss, J Yagil, A Yao, W Yasuoka, K Ye, Y Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yin, M Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yovanovitch, D Yu, I Yu, L Yun, JC Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zhang, L Zhang, W Zucchelli, S TI Measurement of double parton scattering in (p)over-bar-p collisions at root s=1.8 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID = 1.8 TEV; CROSS-SECTION; 4-JET EVENTS; P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; PBARP COLLISIONS; COLLIDER; QCD AB A strong signal for double parton scattering (DP) is observed in a 16 pb(-1) sample of (p) over bar p(-1) sample of (p) over bar p --> gamma + 3 jets + X data from the CDF experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron. The process-independent DP parameter, sigma(eff), is obtained without reference to theoretical calculations by comparing observed DP events to events with hard scatterings at separate (p) over bar p collisions. The result, sigma(eff) = (14.5 +/- 1.7(-2.3)(+1.7)) mb. represents a significant improvement over previous measurements. For the first time, the Feynman x dependence of the sigma(eff) parameter is investigated, and no dependence is seen. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. UNIV BOLOGNA,IST NAZL FIS NUCL,I-40126 BOLOGNA,ITALY. BRANDEIS UNIV,WALTHAM,MA 02264. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. UNIV CHICAGO,CHICAGO,IL 60638. DUKE UNIV,DURHAM,NC 28708. UNIV FLORIDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 33611. IST NAZL FIS NUCL,LAB NAZL FRASCATI,I-00044 FRASCATI,ITALY. UNIV GENEVA,CH-1211 GENEVA 4,SWITZERLAND. HARVARD UNIV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. HIROSHIMA UNIV,HIGASHIHIROSHIMA 724,JAPAN. UNIV ILLINOIS,URBANA,IL 61801. MCGILL UNIV,INST PARTICLE PHYS,MONTREAL,PQ H3A 2T8,CANADA. UNIV TORONTO,TORONTO,ON M5S 1A7,CANADA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. UNIV KARLSRUHE,D-76128 KARLSRUHE,GERMANY. MIT,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. UNIV MICHIGAN,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,E LANSING,MI 48824. UNIV NEW MEXICO,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87132. OHIO STATE UNIV,COLUMBUS,OH 43320. OSAKA CITY UNIV,OSAKA 588,JAPAN. UNIV PADUA,IST NAZL FIS NUCL,SEZ PADOVA,I-36132 PADUA,ITALY. UNIV PENN,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. UNIV PISA,IST NAZL FIS NUCL,I-56100 PISA,ITALY. SCUOLA NORMALE SUPER PISA,I-56100 PISA,ITALY. UNIV PITTSBURGH,PITTSBURG,PA 15270. PURDUE UNIV,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. UNIV ROCHESTER,ROCHESTER,NY 14628. ROCKEFELLER UNIV,NEW YORK,NY 10021. RUTGERS STATE UNIV,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08854. ACAD SINICA,TAIPEI 11530,TAIWAN. TEXAS A&M UNIV,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. TEXAS TECH UNIV,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. UNIV TSUKUBA,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 315,JAPAN. TUFTS UNIV,MEDFORD,MA 02155. UNIV WISCONSIN,MADISON,WI 53806. YALE UNIV,NEW HAVEN,CT 06511. ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,BATAVIA,IL 60510. RP Abe, F (reprint author), KEK NAT LAB HIGH ENERGY PHYS,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 315,JAPAN. RI Lancaster, Mark/C-1693-2008; Vucinic, Dejan/C-2406-2008; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015 OI Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580 NR 18 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 28 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 4 BP 584 EP 589 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.584 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XM975 UT WOS:A1997XM97500013 ER PT J AU Abe, K Abe, K Akagi, T Allen, NJ Ash, WW Aston, D Baird, KG Baltay, C Band, HR Barakat, MB Baranko, G Bardon, O Barklow, TL Bashindzhagyan, GL Bazarko, AO BenDavid, R Benvenuti, AC Bilei, GM Bisello, D Blaylock, G Bogart, JR Bolen, B Bolton, T Bower, GR Brau, JE Breidenbach, M Bugg, WM Burke, D Burnett, TH Burrows, PN Busza, W Calcaterra, A Caldwell, DO Calloway, D Camanzi, B Carpinelli, M Cassell, R Castaldi, R Castro, A CavalliSforza, M Chou, A Church, E Cohn, HO Coller, JA Cook, V Cotton, R Cowan, RF Coyne, DG Crawford, G DOliveira, A Damerell, CJS Daoudi, M DeSangro, R DellOrso, R Dervan, PJ Dima, M Dong, DN Du, PYC Dubois, R Eisenstein, BI Elia, R Etzion, E Fahey, S Falciai, D Fan, C Fernandez, JP Fero, MJ Frey, R Furuno, K Gillman, T Gladding, G Gonzalez, S Hart, EL Harton, HL Hasan, A Hasegawa, Y Hasuko, K Hedges, SJ Hertzbach, SS Hildreth, MD Huber, J Huffer, ME Hughes, EW Hwang, H Iwasaki, Y Jackson, DJ Jacques, P Jaros, JA Johnson, AS Johnson, JR Johnson, RA Junk, T Kajikawa, R Kalelkar, M Kang, HJ Karliner, I Kawahara, H Kendall, HW Kim, YD King, ME King, R Kofler, RR Krishna, NM Kroeger, RS Labs, JF Langston, M Lath, A Lauber, JA Leith, DWGS Lia, V Liu, MX Liu, X Loreti, M Lu, A Lynch, HL Mancinelli, G Manly, S Mantovani, G Markiewicz, TW Maruyama, T Masuda, H Mazzucato, E McKemey, AK Meadows, BT Messner, R Mockett, PM Moffeit, KC Moore, TB Muller, D Nagamine, T Narita, S Nauenberg, U Neal, H Nussbaum, M Ohnishi, Y Osborne, LS Panvini, RS Park, CH Park, H Pavel, TJ Peruzzi, I Piccoli, M Piemontese, L Pieroni, E Pitts, KT Plano, RJ Prepost, R Prescott, CY Punkar, GD Quigley, J Ratcliff, BN Reeves, TW Reidy, J Reinertsen, PL Rensing, PE Rochester, LS Rowson, PC Russell, JJ Saxton, OH Schalk, T Schindler, RH Schumm, BA Sen, S Serbo, VV Shaevitz, MH Shank, JT Shapiro, G Sherden, DJ Shmakov, KD Simopoulos, C Sinev, NB Smith, SR Smy, MB Snyder, JA Stamer, P Steiner, H Steiner, R Strauss, MG Su, D Suekane, F Sugiyama, A Suzuki, S Swartz, M Szumilo, A Takahashi, T Taylor, FE Torrence, E Trandafir, AI Turk, JD Usher, T Vavra, J Vannini, C Vella, E Venuti, JP Verdier, R Verdini, PG Wagner, DL Wagner, SR Waite, AP Watts, SJ Weidemann, AW Weiss, ER Whitaker, JS White, SL Wickens, FJ Williams, DA Williams, DC Williams, SH Willocq, S Wilson, RJ Wisniewski, WJ Woods, M Word, GB Wyss, J Yamamoto, RK Yamartino, JM Yang, X Yashima, J Yellin, SJ Young, CC Yuta, H Zapalac, G Zdarko, RW Zhou, J AF Abe, K Abe, K Akagi, T Allen, NJ Ash, WW Aston, D Baird, KG Baltay, C Band, HR Barakat, MB Baranko, G Bardon, O Barklow, TL Bashindzhagyan, GL Bazarko, AO BenDavid, R Benvenuti, AC Bilei, GM Bisello, D Blaylock, G Bogart, JR Bolen, B Bolton, T Bower, GR Brau, JE Breidenbach, M Bugg, WM Burke, D Burnett, TH Burrows, PN Busza, W Calcaterra, A Caldwell, DO Calloway, D Camanzi, B Carpinelli, M Cassell, R Castaldi, R Castro, A CavalliSforza, M Chou, A Church, E Cohn, HO Coller, JA Cook, V Cotton, R Cowan, RF Coyne, DG Crawford, G DOliveira, A Damerell, CJS Daoudi, M DeSangro, R DellOrso, R Dervan, PJ Dima, M Dong, DN Du, PYC Dubois, R Eisenstein, BI Elia, R Etzion, E Fahey, S Falciai, D Fan, C Fernandez, JP Fero, MJ Frey, R Furuno, K Gillman, T Gladding, G Gonzalez, S Hart, EL Harton, HL Hasan, A Hasegawa, Y Hasuko, K Hedges, SJ Hertzbach, SS Hildreth, MD Huber, J Huffer, ME Hughes, EW Hwang, H Iwasaki, Y Jackson, DJ Jacques, P Jaros, JA Johnson, AS Johnson, JR Johnson, RA Junk, T Kajikawa, R Kalelkar, M Kang, HJ Karliner, I Kawahara, H Kendall, HW Kim, YD King, ME King, R Kofler, RR Krishna, NM Kroeger, RS Labs, JF Langston, M Lath, A Lauber, JA Leith, DWGS Lia, V Liu, MX Liu, X Loreti, M Lu, A Lynch, HL Mancinelli, G Manly, S Mantovani, G Markiewicz, TW Maruyama, T Masuda, H Mazzucato, E McKemey, AK Meadows, BT Messner, R Mockett, PM Moffeit, KC Moore, TB Muller, D Nagamine, T Narita, S Nauenberg, U Neal, H Nussbaum, M Ohnishi, Y Osborne, LS Panvini, RS Park, CH Park, H Pavel, TJ Peruzzi, I Piccoli, M Piemontese, L Pieroni, E Pitts, KT Plano, RJ Prepost, R Prescott, CY Punkar, GD Quigley, J Ratcliff, BN Reeves, TW Reidy, J Reinertsen, PL Rensing, PE Rochester, LS Rowson, PC Russell, JJ Saxton, OH Schalk, T Schindler, RH Schumm, BA Sen, S Serbo, VV Shaevitz, MH Shank, JT Shapiro, G Sherden, DJ Shmakov, KD Simopoulos, C Sinev, NB Smith, SR Smy, MB Snyder, JA Stamer, P Steiner, H Steiner, R Strauss, MG Su, D Suekane, F Sugiyama, A Suzuki, S Swartz, M Szumilo, A Takahashi, T Taylor, FE Torrence, E Trandafir, AI Turk, JD Usher, T Vavra, J Vannini, C Vella, E Venuti, JP Verdier, R Verdini, PG Wagner, DL Wagner, SR Waite, AP Watts, SJ Weidemann, AW Weiss, ER Whitaker, JS White, SL Wickens, FJ Williams, DA Williams, DC Williams, SH Willocq, S Wilson, RJ Wisniewski, WJ Woods, M Word, GB Wyss, J Yamamoto, RK Yamartino, JM Yang, X Yashima, J Yellin, SJ Young, CC Yuta, H Zapalac, G Zdarko, RW Zhou, J TI Measurement of the B+ and B-0 lifetimes using topological reconstruction of inclusive and semileptonic decays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FORWARD-BACKWARD ASYMMETRY; MESON LIFETIMES; EVENTS; KAONS; MODEL AB The lifetimes of B+ and B-0 mesons are measured using a sample of 150000 hadronic Z(0) decays collected by the SLD experiment at the SLAG Linear Collider between 1993 and 1995. Two analyses are presented in which the decay length and charge of the B meson are reconstructed. The first method uses a novel topological vertexing technique while the second uses semi-inclusively reconstructed semileptonic decays. The topological analysis yields a sample of 6033 (3665) charged (neutral) vertices with good charge purity, whereas the semileptonic analysis yields a smaller sample of 634 (584) charged (neutral) decays with excellent charge purity. Combining the results from both analyses, we find tau(B+) = 1.66 +/- 0.06(stat) +/- 0.05(syst) ps, tau(B0) = 1.64 +/- 0.08(stat) +/- 0.08(syst) ps, and tau(B+)/tau(B0) = 1.01 +/- 0.07(stat) +/- 0.06(syst). C1 ADELPHI UNIV, GARDEN CITY, NY 11530 USA. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, SEZ BOLOGNA, I-40126 BOLOGNA, ITALY. BOSTON UNIV, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA. BRUNEL UNIV, UXBRIDGE UB8 3PH, MIDDX, ENGLAND. UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA, SANTA BARBARA, CA 93106 USA. UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ, SANTA CRUZ, CA 95064 USA. UNIV CINCINNATI, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 USA. COLORADO STATE UNIV, FT COLLINS, CO 80523 USA. UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. COLUMBIA UNIV, NEW YORK, NY 10027 USA. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, SEZ FERRARA, I-44100 FERRARA, ITALY. UNIV FERRARA, I-44100 FERRARA, ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, LAB NAZL FRASCATI, I-00044 FRASCATI, ITALY. UNIV ILLINOIS, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS, AMHERST, MA 01003 USA. UNIV MISSISSIPPI, UNIVERSITY, MS 38677 USA. MOSCOW MV LOMONOSOV STATE UNIV, INST NUCL PHYS, MOSCOW 119899, RUSSIA. NAGOYA UNIV, CHIKUSA KU, NAGOYA, AICHI 464, JAPAN. UNIV OREGON, EUGENE, OR 97403 USA. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, SEZ PADOVA, I-35100 PADUA, ITALY. UNIV PADUA, I-35100 PADUA, ITALY. UNIV PERUGIA, I-06100 PERUGIA, ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, SEZ PERUGIA, I-06100 PERUGIA, ITALY. UNIV PISA, I-56100 PISA, ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, SEZ PISA, I-56100 PISA, ITALY. RUTGERS STATE UNIV, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA. RUTHERFORD APPLETON LAB, DIDCOT OX11 0QX, OXON, ENGLAND. SOGANG UNIV, SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA. SOONGSIL UNIV, SEOUL 156743, SOUTH KOREA. STANFORD UNIV, STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR, STANFORD, CA 94309 USA. UNIV TENNESSEE, KNOXVILLE, TN 37996 USA. TOHOKU UNIV, SENDAI, MIYAGI 980, JAPAN. VANDERBILT UNIV, NASHVILLE, TN 37235 USA. UNIV WASHINGTON, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. UNIV WISCONSIN, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. YALE UNIV, NEW HAVEN, CT 06511 USA. UNIV GENOA, I-16146 GENOA, ITALY. RP Abe, K (reprint author), NAGOYA UNIV, CHIKUSA KU, NAGOYA, AICHI 464, JAPAN. RI de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Cavalli-Sforza, Matteo/H-7102-2015; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; OI de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; pieroni, enrico/0000-0002-4246-6963; Wyss, Jeffery/0000-0002-8277-4012; Wilson, Robert/0000-0002-8184-4103 NR 31 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 28 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 4 BP 590 EP 596 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.590 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XM975 UT WOS:A1997XM97500014 ER PT J AU Novotny, L Bian, RX Xie, XS AF Novotny, L Bian, RX Xie, XS TI Theory of nanometric optical tweezers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEAR-FIELD OPTICS; MICROSCOPY; MANIPULATION; SIZE AB We propose a scheme for optical trapping and alignment of dielectric particles in aqueous environments at the nanometer scale. The scheme is based on the highly enhanced electric field close to a laser-illuminated metal tip and the strong mechanical forces and torque associated with these fields. We obtain a rigorous solution of Maxwell's equations for the electromagnetic fields near the tip and calculate the trapping potentials for a dielectric particle beyond the Rayleigh approximation. The results indicate the feasibility of the scheme. RP Novotny, L (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, POB 999, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 17 TC 640 Z9 651 U1 14 U2 134 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 28 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 4 BP 645 EP 648 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.645 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XM975 UT WOS:A1997XM97500027 ER PT J AU Savchenko, VI Fisch, NJ AF Savchenko, VI Fisch, NJ TI Polarization of atomic radiation in stochastic plasma fields SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LASER-PRODUCED PLASMAS AB When a laser pulse of certain polarization or an electron beam excites atoms in a plasma, the atomic spectrum of the radiation emitted by the atoms exhibits differently polarized line core and line wings. This unusual effect, which is predicted to occur under a variety of conditions, can be accompanied by the appearance of the forbidden component in the spectrum, with polarization opposite to that of the exciting laser pulse. RP Savchenko, VI (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,PRINCETON PLASMA PHYS LAB,POB 451,PRINCETON,NJ 08543, USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 28 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 4 BP 669 EP 672 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.669 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XM975 UT WOS:A1997XM97500033 ER PT J AU Larese, JZ Lee, MYM AF Larese, JZ Lee, MYM TI Combined neutron diffraction and adsorption isotherm study of the anomalous wetting properties of NH3 on graphite SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AMMONIA AB The wetting properties of NH3 films on graphite have been examined over a temperature range of approximately 50 K (centered about the bulk triple point of 195.4 K) using a combination of high-resolution vapor pressure isotherms and elastic neutron diffraction. Between 172 and 215 K, a single adsorption step appears at reduced pressures above 0.5. As the system is cooled, the position of this step (which is shown to be associated with the formation of a thin liquid film) increases smoothly between 0.5 and 0.95. Evidence is put forward that there is a transition from complete wetting to incomplete wetting to nonwetting. Also, the role of cluster formation and hydrogen bonding is discussed. C1 WESLEYAN UNIV,DEPT PHYS,MIDDLETOWN,CT 06459. RP Larese, JZ (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 28 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 4 BP 689 EP 692 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.689 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XM975 UT WOS:A1997XM97500038 ER PT J AU Kogan, VG Miranovic, P DobrosavljevicGrujic, L Pickett, WE Christen, DK AF Kogan, VG Miranovic, P DobrosavljevicGrujic, L Pickett, WE Christen, DK TI Vortex lattices in cubic superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FLUX-LINE LATTICE; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; ANISOTROPY; YBA2CU3O7; NIOBIUM AB Nonlocal corrections to London equations are employed to describe a variety of vortex lattices seen through neutron scattering in cubic crystals of V3Si with large K. Within this model the observed symmetries of vortex lattices and their coupling to the underlying crystal are reproduced. Predicted lattice structures are field dependent in agreement with the data. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,AMES,IA 50011. INST PHYS,YU-11001 BELGRADE,YUGOSLAVIA. USN,RES LAB,COMPLEX SYST THEORY BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV SOLID STATE,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Kogan, VG (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV,AMES LAB,US DOE,AMES,IA 50011, USA. RI Christen, David/A-9709-2008 NR 32 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 28 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 4 BP 741 EP 744 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.741 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XM975 UT WOS:A1997XM97500051 ER PT J AU Garrett, AW Nagler, SE Tennant, DA Sales, DA Barnes, T AF Garrett, AW Nagler, SE Tennant, DA Sales, DA Barnes, T TI Magnetic excitations in the S=1/2 alternating chain compound (VO)(2)P2O7 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; LADDER; STATE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; (VO)2P2O7; SPECTRUM AB Magnetic excitations in an array of (VO)(2)P2O7 single crystals have been measured using inelastic neutron scattering. Until now, (VO)(2)P2O7 has been thought of as a two-leg antiferromagnetic Heisenberg spin ladder with chains running in the a direction. The present results show unequivocally that (VO)(2)P2O7 is best described as an alternating spin chain directed along the crystallographic b direction. In addition to the expected magnon with magnetic zone-center energy gap Delta = 3.1 meV, a second excitation is observed at an energy just below 2 Delta. The higher mode may be a triplet two-magnon bound state. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. RP Garrett, AW (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT PHYS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. RI Nagler, Stephen/B-9403-2010; Nagler, Stephen/E-4908-2010; Tennant, David/Q-2497-2015 OI Nagler, Stephen/0000-0002-7234-2339; Tennant, David/0000-0002-9575-3368 NR 21 TC 184 Z9 184 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 28 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 4 BP 745 EP 748 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.745 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XM975 UT WOS:A1997XM97500052 ER PT J AU Zhou, SJ GronbechJensen, N Bishop, AR Lomdahl, PS Holian, BL AF Zhou, SJ GronbechJensen, N Bishop, AR Lomdahl, PS Holian, BL TI A nonlinear-discrete model of dynamic fracture instability SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article ID DISLOCATION NUCLEATION; CRACK-TIP; EQUATION; LATTICE AB Molecular-dynamics simulations of dynamic fracture show that local shear deformation at the crack tip increases, and local potential energy builds up, eventually triggering dislocation emission - the instability that leads to crack branching Neither the build-up nor the instability can be predicted by linear-continuum theories. We propose a simple nonlinear-discrete model, which demonstrates that the excitation of nonlinear modes generates this instability. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Zhou, SJ (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV APPL THEORET & COMPUTAT PHYS DIV,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD JUL 28 PY 1997 VL 232 IS 3-4 BP 183 EP 188 DI 10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00356-3 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XM604 UT WOS:A1997XM60400006 ER PT J AU Ghan, SJ Leung, LR Hu, Q AF Ghan, SJ Leung, LR Hu, Q TI Application of cloud microphysics to NCAR community climate model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID RADIATION BUDGET EXPERIMENT; NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; WATER CLOUDS; PARAMETERIZATION SCHEMES; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; FRONTAL RAINBANDS; EXPERIMENT ERBE; CIRRUS CLOUDS; PRECIPITATION AB The Colorado State University Regional Atmospheric Modeling System bulk cloud microphysics parameterization has been applied to the treatment of stratiform clouds in the National Center for Atmospheric Research community climate model. Predicted cloud properties are mass concentrations of cloud water, cloud ice, rain, and snow and number concentration of ice. Microphysical processes treated include condensation of water vapor and evaporation of cloud water and rain, nucleation of ice crystals, vapor deposition and sublimation of cloud ice and snow, autoconversion and accretion of cloud water, aggregation and collection of cloud ice, melting of ice and snow, riming on ice and snow, and gravitational settling of ice, rain, and snow. Although the parameterization is more detailed and hence more computationally demanding than other cloud microphysics parameterizations in climate models, it treats the Bergeron-Findeisen process explicitly and hence does not require an ad hoc parameterization to distinguish liquid water and ice. A variety of simulations were performed, testing sensitivity to horizontal and vertical resolution, the treatment of ice number, droplet number, and parameterization of cumulus convection. The simulated planetary radiation balance is found to be particularly sensitive to the treatment of ice number and cumulus convection. C1 UNIV MISSOURI, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 USA. RP PACIFIC NW NATL LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RI Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011 OI Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699 NR 60 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 27 PY 1997 VL 102 IS D14 BP 16507 EP 16527 DI 10.1029/97JD00703 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA XN384 UT WOS:A1997XN38400009 ER PT J AU Cess, RD Zhang, MH Potter, GL Alekseev, V Barker, HW Bony, S Colman, RA Dazlich, DA DelGenio, AD Deque, M Dix, MR Dymnikov, V Esch, M Fowler, LD Fraser, JR Galin, V Gates, WL Hack, JJ Ingram, WJ Kiehl, JT Kim, Y LeTreut, H Liang, XZ McAvaney, BJ Meleshko, VP Morcrette, JJ Randall, DA Roeckner, E Schlesinger, ME Sporyshev, PV Taylor, KE Timbal, B Volodin, EM Wang, W Wang, WC Wetherald, RT AF Cess, RD Zhang, MH Potter, GL Alekseev, V Barker, HW Bony, S Colman, RA Dazlich, DA DelGenio, AD Deque, M Dix, MR Dymnikov, V Esch, M Fowler, LD Fraser, JR Galin, V Gates, WL Hack, JJ Ingram, WJ Kiehl, JT Kim, Y LeTreut, H Liang, XZ McAvaney, BJ Meleshko, VP Morcrette, JJ Randall, DA Roeckner, E Schlesinger, ME Sporyshev, PV Taylor, KE Timbal, B Volodin, EM Wang, W Wang, WC Wetherald, RT TI Comparison of the seasonal change in cloud-radiative forcing from atmospheric general circulation models and satellite observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID BUDGET EXPERIMENT DATA; CLIMATE; EARTH; ABSORPTION AB We compare seasonal changes in cloud-radiative forcing (CRF) at the top of the atmosphere from 18 atmospheric general circulation models, and observations from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). To enhance the CRF signal and suppress interannual variability, we consider only zonal mean quantities for which the extreme months (January and July), as well as the northern and southern hemispheres, have been differenced. Since seasonal variations of the shortwave component of CRF are caused by seasonal changes in both cloudiness and solar irradiance, the latter was removed. In the ERBE data, seasonal changes in CRF are driven primarily by changes in cloud amount. The same conclusion applies to the models. The shortwave component of seasonal CRF is a measure of changes in cloud amount at all altitudes, while the longwave component is more a measure of upper level clouds. Thus important insights into seasonal cloud amount variations of the models have been obtained by comparing both components, as generated by the models, with the satellite data. For example, in 10 of the 18 models the seasonal oscillations of zonal cloud patterns extend too far poleward by one latitudinal grid. C1 RUSSIAN ACAD SCI, OTDELENIE CHISLITELNOI MATEMATIKI, MOSCOW 117334, RUSSIA. CANADIAN CLIMATE CTR, DOWNSVIEW, ON M3H 5T4, CANADA. METEOROL DYNAM LAB, F-75231 PARIS 05, FRANCE. BUR METEOROL RES CTR, MELBOURNE, VIC 3001, AUSTRALIA. COLORADO STATE UNIV, DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI, FT COLLINS, CO 80523 USA. NASA, GODDARD INST SPACE STUDIES, NEW YORK, NY 10025 USA. NATL CTR RECH METEOROL, F-31057 TOULOUSE, FRANCE. CSIRO, DIV ATMOSPHER RES, ASPENDALE, VIC 3195, AUSTRALIA. MAX PLANCK INST METEOROL, D-21046 HAMBURG, GERMANY. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, PROGRAM CLIMATE MODEL DIAG & INTERCOMPARISON, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, BOULDER, CO 80307 USA. UK METEOROL OFF, HADLEY CTR CLIMATE PREDICT & RES, BRACKNELL RG12 2SY, BERKS, ENGLAND. SUNY ALBANY, ATMOSPHER SCI RES CTR, ALBANY, NY 12205 USA. GLAVNAYA GEOFIZICHESKAYA OBSERV IMENI AI VOEIKOVA, ST PETERSBURG 194018, RUSSIA. EUROPEAN CTR MEDIUM RANGE WEATHER FORECASTS, READING RG2 9AX, BERKS, ENGLAND. UNIV ILLINOIS, DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. PRINCETON UNIV, NOAA, GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA. RP SUNY STONY BROOK, MARINE SCI RES CTR, INST TERR & PLANETARY ATMOSPHERES, STONY BROOK, NY 11794 USA. RI alexeev, vladimir/B-2234-2010; Taylor, Karl/F-7290-2011; Del Genio, Anthony/D-4663-2012; Dix, Martin/A-2334-2012; Randall, David/E-6113-2011; Meleshko, Valentin/D-2157-2016; Sporyshev, Petr/P-7323-2015; OI alexeev, vladimir/0000-0003-3519-2797; Taylor, Karl/0000-0002-6491-2135; Del Genio, Anthony/0000-0001-7450-1359; Dix, Martin/0000-0002-7534-0654; Randall, David/0000-0001-6935-4112; Sporyshev, Petr/0000-0002-4047-8178; Bony, Sandrine/0000-0002-4791-4438 NR 19 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 27 PY 1997 VL 102 IS D14 BP 16593 EP 16603 DI 10.1029/97JD00927 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA XN384 UT WOS:A1997XN38400014 ER PT J AU Barnett, RN Sun, ZW Lester, WA AF Barnett, RN Sun, ZW Lester, WA TI Fixed-sample optimization in quantum Monte Carlo using a probability density function SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WAVE-FUNCTIONS AB We consider parameter optimization for trial functions to be used for fixed-node diffusion Monte Carlo. By employing sample points selected from a positive definite distribution, parameters that determine the nodes of the trial function can be varied with no loss of stability and without sample bias. With CH as a test system, our optimized trial function gives a fixed-node energy lying below that of a MCSCF trial function with the same number of determinants and the same basis set. The present approach sheds light on the important question of how to improve the nodal structure and, thereby, the accuracy of diffusion Monte Carlo. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT CHEM,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Barnett, RN (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV CHEM SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 25 PY 1997 VL 273 IS 5-6 BP 321 EP 328 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(97)00525-3 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA XQ568 UT WOS:A1997XQ56800004 ER PT J AU Akabori, M Haire, RG Gibson, JK Okamoto, Y Ogawa, T AF Akabori, M Haire, RG Gibson, JK Okamoto, Y Ogawa, T TI Crystal chemistry of NpNi5 compound SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE intermetallic compound; neptunium-based alloy; X-ray diffraction; crystal structure ID PHASE-RELATIONS; NEPTUNIUM; SYSTEMS; ALLOYS; METALS; LA; ND AB The compound, NpNi5, was prepared and its crystal properties studied by means of powder X-ray diffraction. The existence and properties of this compound were pursued as they are important in developing further the Np-Ni phase diagram. The crystal symmetry of this material was determined to be hexagonal and have the D2d CaCu5 structure type, which is also observed for ThNi5 and PuNi5. The lattice parameters of NpNi5 were calculated to be: a(o)=0.4859+/-0.0002 and c(o)=0.3991+/-0.0003 nm. Based on these lattice parameters and the apparent radius of Np in the NpNi5 compound, it appears that Np can be considered as being tetravalent, which has certain bonding implications. The apparent valence states for Np and other actinides in these actinide-Ni-5 compounds are discussed, as well as the variation in cell volumes noted for the known actinide-and lanthanide-Ni-5 compounds. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,TRANSURANIUM RES LAB,DIV CHEM & ANALYT SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37830. RP Akabori, M (reprint author), JAPAN ATOM ENERGY RES INST,DEPT CHEM & FUELS RES,TOKAI,IBARAKI 31911,JAPAN. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD JUL 25 PY 1997 VL 257 IS 1-2 BP 268 EP 272 DI 10.1016/S0925-8388(97)00031-5 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA XW887 UT WOS:A1997XW88700044 ER PT J AU Durham, WB Kirby, SH Stern, LA AF Durham, WB Kirby, SH Stern, LA TI Creep of water ices at planetary conditions: A compilation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; MANTLE CONVECTION; GANYMEDE; DEFORMATION; SATELLITES; EVOLUTION; RHEOLOGY; CALLISTO AB Many constitutive laws for the flow of ice have been published since the advent of the Voyager explorations of the outer solar system. Conflicting data have occasionally come from different laboratories, and refinement of experimental techniques has led to the publication of laws that supersede earlier ones. In addition, there are unpublished data from ongoing research that also amend the constitutive laws. Here we compile the most current laboratory-derived flow laws for water ice phases I, II, III, V, and VI, and ice I mixtures with hard particulates. The rheology of interest is mainly that of steady state, and the conditions reviewed are the pressures and temperatures applicable to the surfaces and interiors of icy moons of the outer solar system. Advances in grain-size-dependent creep in ices I and II as well as in phase transformations and metastability under differential stress are also included in this compilation. At laboratory strain rates the several ice polymorphs are theologically distinct in terms of their stress, temperature, and pressure dependencies but, with the exception of ice III, have fairly similar strengths. Hard particulates strengthen ice I significantly only at high particulate volume fractions. Ice III has the potential for significantly affecting mantle dynamics because it is much weaker than the other polymorphs and its region of stability, which may extend metastably well into what is nominally the ice II field, is located near likely geotherms of large icy moons. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP Durham, WB (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 38 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD JUL 25 PY 1997 VL 102 IS E7 BP 16293 EP 16302 DI 10.1029/97JE00916 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA XN540 UT WOS:A1997XN54000001 ER PT J AU Metzenthin, T Schreiber, A McMullan, RK Koetzle, TF Mosher, HS Bau, R AF Metzenthin, T Schreiber, A McMullan, RK Koetzle, TF Mosher, HS Bau, R TI Absolute configuration of chiral ethanol-1-d: Neutron diffraction analysis of the (-)-(1S)-camphanate ester of (+)-(R)-ethanol-1-d SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB The absolute configuration of (+)-ethanol-1-d has been determined to be R by the single-crystal neutron diffraction analysis of its (-)-camphanate ester. The absolute configuration of the (-)camphanate group, which sewed as the chiral reference for the neutron study, was in turn established to be 1S,4R in an X-ray anomalous dispersion study of the complex Cu-2(camphanate)(4)-(ethanol)(2), These results provide unambiguous confirmation that the optical rotation of(R)-ethanol-1-d (positive) is opposite to that of its higher homologs, (R)-propanol-1-d, (R)-butanol-1-d, and (R)-neopentanol-1-d (all negative), and demonstrates the usefulness of neutron diffraction in determining the absolute configuration of molecules possessing chiral methylene groups (i.e., molecules of the type CHDRR'). Crystallographic details: for the neutron analysis of(+)-(R)-ethyl-1-d (-)-(1S)-camphanate: space group P2(1)2(1)2 (orthorhombic), a=6.422(1) Angstrom, b=21.004(4) Angstrom; c=9.275(2) Angstrom, V = 1251.1(7) Angstrom(3), Z = 4; R(F-2) = 0.083, and wR(F-2) = 0.075 for 1114 reflections. For the X-ray analysis of Cu-2(camphanate)(4)(ethanol)(2): space group P1 (triclinic), a = 11.086(3), b = 11.244(3), c = 13.293(4) Angstrom, alpha = 111.59(2), beta = 107.71(2), and gamma = 105.56(3)degrees, V = 1397.6(7) Angstrom(3), Z = 1; R(F)=0.054, wR(F) = 0.058 for 3672 reflections. C1 UNIV SO CALIF,DEPT CHEM,LOS ANGELES,CA 90089. STANFORD UNIV,DEPT CHEM,STANFORD,CA 94305. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM,UPTON,NY 11973. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD JUL 25 PY 1997 VL 62 IS 15 BP 5017 EP 5022 DI 10.1021/jo970615n PG 6 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA XN357 UT WOS:A1997XN35700024 ER PT J AU Plummer, MA Phillips, FM FabrykaMartin, J Turin, HJ Wigand, PE Sharma, P AF Plummer, MA Phillips, FM FabrykaMartin, J Turin, HJ Wigand, PE Sharma, P TI Chlorine-36 in fossil rat urine: An archive of cosmogenic nuclide deposition during the past 40,000 years SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; ENVIRONMENTAL TRACERS; ATMOSPHERIC C-14/C-12; YOUNGER DRYAS; ICE CORE; BE-10; ISOTOPES; C-14; CLIMATE; AGES AB Knowledge of the production history of cosmogenic nuclides, which is needed for geological and archaeological dating, has been uncertain. Measurements of chlorine-36/chlorine (Cl-36/Cl) ratios in fossil packrat middens from Nevada that are radiocarbon-dated between about 38 thousand years ago (ka) and the present showed that Cl-36/Cl ratios were higher by a factor of about 2 before similar to 11 ka. This raises the possibility that cosmogenic production rates just before the close of the Pleistocene were up to 50% higher than is suggested by carbon-14 calibration data. The discrepancy could be explained by addition of low-carbon-14 carbon dioxide to the atmosphere during that period, which would have depressed atmospheric radiocarbon activity. Alternatively, climatic effects on Cl-36 deposition may have enhanced the Cl-36/Cl ratios. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. DESERT RES INST,RENO,NV 89512. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP Plummer, MA (reprint author), NEW MEXICO INST MIN & TECHNOL,DEPT EARTH & ENVIRONM SCI,SOCORRO,NM 87801, USA. NR 55 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 25 PY 1997 VL 277 IS 5325 BP 538 EP 541 DI 10.1126/science.277.5325.538 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XM867 UT WOS:A1997XM86700044 PM 9227999 ER PT J AU Meier, DL Edgington, S Godon, P Payne, DG Lind, KR AF Meier, DL Edgington, S Godon, P Payne, DG Lind, KR TI A magnetic switch that determines the speed of astrophysical jets SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID EXTRAGALACTIC RADIO-SOURCES; ACCRETION DISKS; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; FLOWS AB The mechanism by which astrophysical jets form is an important factor in understanding the nature and evolution of phenomena such as active galactic nuclei and quasars, Galactic superluminal X-ray sources and young stellar objects. Of the many schemes proposed for jet production, only the magnetized accretion disk model of Blandford and Payne(1) seems to be applicable to all of these systems, and also offers the potential for generating the highly relativistic flows observed in some quasars(2). But the source of variation in jet morphology observed for different sources remains unclear. Here we report time-dependent numerical simulations of jet formation which show that the character and speed of the jets produced depend dramatically on whether magnetic forces dominate over gravity in the accretion disk corona. This 'magnetic switch' is not predicted by steady-state, self-similar disk models, or by relativistic wind theory (which generally ignores the gravitational field). The effect provides a natural explanation for the existence of two known classes of extragalactic radio source and for the variation of their properties with radio luminosity. It also provides insight into protostellar and galactic microquasar systems. C1 PRINCETON UNIV, PRINCETON, NJ 08544 USA. INTEL CORP, HILLSBORO, OR 97124 USA. DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORP, LLNL, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. RP Meier, DL (reprint author), CALTECH, JET PROP LAB, 4800 OAK GROVE DR, PASADENA, CA 91109 USA. NR 25 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 24 PY 1997 VL 388 IS 6640 BP 350 EP 352 DI 10.1038/41034 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XM528 UT WOS:A1997XM52800041 ER PT J AU Heimsath, AM Dietrich, WE Nishiizumi, K Finkel, RC AF Heimsath, AM Dietrich, WE Nishiizumi, K Finkel, RC TI The soil production function and landscape equilibrium SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID EROSION THRESHOLDS; RATES; CALIFORNIA; HILLSLOPE; EVOLUTION; MODEL; BE-10; MORPHOLOGY; QUARTZ; INSITU AB Hilly and mountainous landscapes are partially to completely covered with soil under a wide range of erosion and uplift rates, bedrock type and climate. For soil to persist it must be replenished at a rate equal to or greater than that of erosion. Although it has been assumed for over 100 years that bedrock disintegration into erodable soil declines with increasing soil mantle thickness(1-9), no field data have shown this relationship. Here we apply two independent field methods for determining soil production rates to hillslopes in northern California. First, we show that hillslope curvature (a surrogate for soil production(7)) varies inversely with soil depth. Second, we calculate an exponential decline of soil production rates with increasing soil depth from measurements of the in situ produced cosmogenic Be-10 and Al-26 concentrations in bedrock sampled under soils of different depths. Results from both methods agree well and yield the first empirical soil production function. We also illustrate how our methods can determine whether a landscape is in morphological equilibrium or not. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SPACE SCI LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,CTR ACCELERATOR MASS SPECTROMETRY,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. RP Heimsath, AM (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,301 MCCONE HALL,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 32 TC 416 Z9 422 U1 16 U2 110 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 24 PY 1997 VL 388 IS 6640 BP 358 EP 361 DI 10.1038/41056 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XM528 UT WOS:A1997XM52800044 ER PT J AU Dubrovinsky, LS Saxena, SK Lazor, P Ahuja, R Eriksson, O Wills, JM Johansson, B AF Dubrovinsky, LS Saxena, SK Lazor, P Ahuja, R Eriksson, O Wills, JM Johansson, B TI Experimental and theoretical identification of a new high-pressure phase of silica SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID STISHOVITE; BAND AB Following the discovery of stishovite (the highest-pressure polymorph of silica known from natural samples), many attempts have been made to investigate the possible existence of denser phases of silica at higher pressures. Based on the crystal structures observed in chemical analogues of silica(1-3), high-pressure experiments on silica(4-11) and theoretical studies(12-16), several possible post-stishovite phases have been suggested, But the likely stable phase of silica at pressures and temperatures representative of Earth's lower mantle remains uncertain, Here we report the results of an X-ray diffraction study of silica that has been heated to temperatures above similar to 2,000 K and maintained at pressures between 68 and 85 GPa. We observe the occurrence of a new high-pressure phase which we identify with the aid of first-principles total-energy calculations, The structure of this phase (space group Pnc2) is intermediate between the alpha-PbO2 and ZrO2 structures, and is denser than other known silica phases. C1 UPPSALA UNIV,INST EARTH SCI,THEORET GEOCHEM PROGRAM,S-75236 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. UNIV UPPSALA,DEPT PHYS,CONDENSED MATTER THEORY GRP,S-75121 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RI Eriksson, Olle/E-3265-2014 OI Eriksson, Olle/0000-0001-5111-1374 NR 24 TC 132 Z9 139 U1 5 U2 23 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 24 PY 1997 VL 388 IS 6640 BP 362 EP 365 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XM528 UT WOS:A1997XM52800045 ER PT J AU Eichten, E Lane, K Womersley, J AF Eichten, E Lane, K Womersley, J TI Finding low-scale technicolor at hadron colliders SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID TOPCOLOR-ASSISTED TECHNICOLOR; QUARK CONDENSATE; STANDARD MODEL; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; BOSONS AB In multiscale and topcolor-assisted models of walking technicolor, relatively light spin-one technihadrons rho tau and omega tau exist and are expected to decay as rho tau --> W pi tau, Z pi tau and omega tau --> gamma pi tau. For M rho tau similar or equal to 200GeV and M pi tau similar or equal to 100 GeV, these processes have cross sections in the picobarn range in (p) over bar p collisions at the Tevatron and about 10 times larger at the Large Hadron Collider. We demonstrate their detectability with simulations appropriate to Run II conditions at the Tevatron. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 BOSTON UNIV,DEPT PHYS,BOSTON,MA 02215. RP Eichten, E (reprint author), FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,POB 500,BATAVIA,IL 60510, USA. NR 25 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 24 PY 1997 VL 405 IS 3-4 BP 305 EP 311 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(97)00637-0 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA XP698 UT WOS:A1997XP69800016 ER PT J AU Bartelt, J Csorna, SE Jain, V Marka, S Freyberger, A Godang, R Kinoshita, K Lai, IC Pomianowski, P Schrenk, S Bonvicini, G Cinabro, D Greene, R Perera, LP Zhou, GJ Barish, B Chadha, M Chan, S Eigen, G Miller, JS OGrady, C Schmidtler, M Urheim, J Weinstein, AJ Wurthwein, F Asner, DM Bliss, DW Brower, WS Masek, G Paar, HP Sharma, V Gronberg, J Hill, TS Kutschke, R Lange, DJ Menary, S Morrison, RJ Nelson, HN Nelson, TK Qiao, C Richman, JD Roberts, D Ryd, A Witherell, MS Balest, R Behrens, BH Cho, K Ford, WT Park, H Rankin, P Roy, J Smith, JG Alexander, JP Bebek, C Berger, BE Berkelman, K Bloom, K Cassel, DG Cho, HA Coffman, DM Crowcroft, DS Dickson, M Drell, PS Ecklund, KM Ehrlich, R Elia, R Foland, AD Gaidarev, P Gittelman, B Gray, SW Hartill, DL Heltsley, BK Hopman, PI Kandaswamy, J Katayama, N Kim, PC Kreinick, DL Lee, T Liu, Y Ludwig, GS Masui, J Mevissen, J Mistry, NB Ng, CR Nordberg, E Ogg, M Patterson, JR Peterson, D Riley, D Soffer, A Ward, C Athanas, M Avery, P Jones, CD Lohner, M Prescott, C Yelton, J Zheng, J Brandenburg, G Briere, RA Gao, YS Kim, DYJ Wilson, R Yamamoto, H Browder, TE Li, F Li, Y Rodriguez, JL Bergfeld, T Eisenstein, BI Ernst, J Gladding, GE Gollin, GD Hans, RM Johnson, E Karliner, I Marsh, MA Palmer, M Selen, M Thaler, JJ Edwards, KW Bellerive, A Janicek, R MacFarlane, DB McLean, KW Patel, PM Sadoff, AJ Ammar, R Baringer, P Bean, A Besson, D Coppage, D Darling, C Davis, R Hancock, N Kotov, S Kravchenko, I Kwak, N Smith, D Anderson, S Kubota, Y Lattery, M Lee, SJ ONeill, JJ Patton, S Poling, R Riehle, T Savinov, V Smith, A Alam, MS Athar, SB Ling, Z Mahmood, AH Severini, H Timm, S Wappler, F Anastassov, A Blinov, S Duboscq, JE Fisher, KD Fujino, D Fulton, R Gan, KK Hart, T Honscheid, K Kagan, H Kass, R Lee, J Spencer, MB Sung, M Undrus, A Wanke, R Wolf, A Zoeller, MM Nemati, B Richichi, SJ Ross, WR Skubic, P Wood, M Bishai, M Fast, J Gerndt, E Hinson, JW Menon, N Miller, DH Shibata, EI Shipsey, IPJ Yurko, M Gibbons, L Johnson, SD Kwon, Y Roberts, S Thorndike, EH Jessop, CP Lingel, K Marsiske, H Perl, ML Schaffner, SF Ugolini, D Wang, R Zhou, X Coan, TE Fadeyev, V Korolkov, I Maravin, Y Narsky, I Shelkov, V Staeck, J Stroynowski, R Volobouev, I Ye, J Artuso, M Efimov, A Frasconi, F Gao, M Goldberg, M He, D Kopp, S Moneti, GC Mountain, R Schuh, S Skwarnicki, T Stone, S Viehhauser, G Xing, X AF Bartelt, J Csorna, SE Jain, V Marka, S Freyberger, A Godang, R Kinoshita, K Lai, IC Pomianowski, P Schrenk, S Bonvicini, G Cinabro, D Greene, R Perera, LP Zhou, GJ Barish, B Chadha, M Chan, S Eigen, G Miller, JS OGrady, C Schmidtler, M Urheim, J Weinstein, AJ Wurthwein, F Asner, DM Bliss, DW Brower, WS Masek, G Paar, HP Sharma, V Gronberg, J Hill, TS Kutschke, R Lange, DJ Menary, S Morrison, RJ Nelson, HN Nelson, TK Qiao, C Richman, JD Roberts, D Ryd, A Witherell, MS Balest, R Behrens, BH Cho, K Ford, WT Park, H Rankin, P Roy, J Smith, JG Alexander, JP Bebek, C Berger, BE Berkelman, K Bloom, K Cassel, DG Cho, HA Coffman, DM Crowcroft, DS Dickson, M Drell, PS Ecklund, KM Ehrlich, R Elia, R Foland, AD Gaidarev, P Gittelman, B Gray, SW Hartill, DL Heltsley, BK Hopman, PI Kandaswamy, J Katayama, N Kim, PC Kreinick, DL Lee, T Liu, Y Ludwig, GS Masui, J Mevissen, J Mistry, NB Ng, CR Nordberg, E Ogg, M Patterson, JR Peterson, D Riley, D Soffer, A Ward, C Athanas, M Avery, P Jones, CD Lohner, M Prescott, C Yelton, J Zheng, J Brandenburg, G Briere, RA Gao, YS Kim, DYJ Wilson, R Yamamoto, H Browder, TE Li, F Li, Y Rodriguez, JL Bergfeld, T Eisenstein, BI Ernst, J Gladding, GE Gollin, GD Hans, RM Johnson, E Karliner, I Marsh, MA Palmer, M Selen, M Thaler, JJ Edwards, KW Bellerive, A Janicek, R MacFarlane, DB McLean, KW Patel, PM Sadoff, AJ Ammar, R Baringer, P Bean, A Besson, D Coppage, D Darling, C Davis, R Hancock, N Kotov, S Kravchenko, I Kwak, N Smith, D Anderson, S Kubota, Y Lattery, M Lee, SJ ONeill, JJ Patton, S Poling, R Riehle, T Savinov, V Smith, A Alam, MS Athar, SB Ling, Z Mahmood, AH Severini, H Timm, S Wappler, F Anastassov, A Blinov, S Duboscq, JE Fisher, KD Fujino, D Fulton, R Gan, KK Hart, T Honscheid, K Kagan, H Kass, R Lee, J Spencer, MB Sung, M Undrus, A Wanke, R Wolf, A Zoeller, MM Nemati, B Richichi, SJ Ross, WR Skubic, P Wood, M Bishai, M Fast, J Gerndt, E Hinson, JW Menon, N Miller, DH Shibata, EI Shipsey, IPJ Yurko, M Gibbons, L Johnson, SD Kwon, Y Roberts, S Thorndike, EH Jessop, CP Lingel, K Marsiske, H Perl, ML Schaffner, SF Ugolini, D Wang, R Zhou, X Coan, TE Fadeyev, V Korolkov, I Maravin, Y Narsky, I Shelkov, V Staeck, J Stroynowski, R Volobouev, I Ye, J Artuso, M Efimov, A Frasconi, F Gao, M Goldberg, M He, D Kopp, S Moneti, GC Mountain, R Schuh, S Skwarnicki, T Stone, S Viehhauser, G Xing, X TI Studies of the Cabibbo-suppressed decays D+->pi(0)l(+)nu and D+->eta e(+)nu(e) SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID D-MESONS; SEMILEPTONIC DECAYS; BRANCHING FRACTIONS; E+E ANNIHILATION; LEPTONIC DECAYS; QUARK-MODEL; LATTICE AB Using 4.8 fb(-1) of data taken with the CLEO II detector, the branching fraction for the Cabibbo suppressed decay D+ --> pi(0) iota(+)nu measured relative to the Cabibbo favored decay D+ --> K-0 iota(+)nu is found to be 0.046 +/- 0.014 +/- 0.017. Using upsilon cs and upsilon cd from unitarity constraints, we determine \f(+)(pi)(0)\f(+)(K)(0)\(2) = 0.9 +/- 0.3 +/- 0.3. We also present a 90% confidence level upper limit for the branching ratio of the decay D+ --> eta(+)nu(c) relative to that for D+ --> pi(0)e(+)nu(e) of 1.5. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. WAYNE STATE UNIV,DETROIT,MI 48202. CALTECH,PASADENA,CA 91125. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106. UNIV COLORADO,BOULDER,CO 80309. CORNELL UNIV,ITHACA,NY 14853. UNIV FLORIDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. HARVARD UNIV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. UNIV HAWAII,HONOLULU,HI 96822. UNIV ILLINOIS,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61801. CARLETON UNIV,OTTAWA,ON K1S 5B6,CANADA. MCGILL UNIV,MONTREAL,PQ H3A 2T8,CANADA. ITHACA COLL,ITHACA,NY 14850. UNIV KANSAS,LAWRENCE,KS 66045. UNIV MINNESOTA,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. SUNY ALBANY,ALBANY,NY 12222. OHIO STATE UNIV,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. UNIV OKLAHOMA,NORMAN,OK 73019. PURDUE UNIV,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. UNIV ROCHESTER,ROCHESTER,NY 14627. STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94309. SO METHODIST UNIV,DALLAS,TX 75275. SYRACUSE UNIV,SYRACUSE,NY 13244. UNIV TEXAS,AUSTIN,TX 78712. BUDKER INST NUCL PHYS,RU-630090 NOVOSIBIRSK,RUSSIA. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. RP Bartelt, J (reprint author), VANDERBILT UNIV,NASHVILLE,TN 37235, USA. RI Schaffner, Stephen/D-1189-2011; Briere, Roy/N-7819-2014; Frasconi, Franco/K-1068-2016 OI Briere, Roy/0000-0001-5229-1039; Frasconi, Franco/0000-0003-4204-6587 NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 24 PY 1997 VL 405 IS 3-4 BP 373 EP 378 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(97)00649-7 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA XP698 UT WOS:A1997XP69800026 ER PT J AU Boese, R Cammack, JK Matzger, AJ Pflug, K Tolman, WB Vollhardt, KPC Weidman, TW AF Boese, R Cammack, JK Matzger, AJ Pflug, K Tolman, WB Vollhardt, KPC Weidman, TW TI Photochemistry of (fulvalene)tetracarbonyldiruthenium and its derivatives: Efficient light energy storage devices SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DINUCLEAR METAL CENTERS; RESOLVED INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; BOND-DISSOCIATION ENERGIES; X-RAY STRUCTURE; CARBONYL DIMERS; PHOSPHORUS LIGANDS; ORGANIC-CHEMISTRY; ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY; BINUCLEAR MOLYBDENOCENE; SUBSTITUTION-REACTIONS AB Broad-band irradiation (lambda(max)=350 nm) of FvRu(2)(CO)(4) (1, Fv=eta(5):eta(5)-bicyclopentadienyl) resulted in rapid isomerization to colorless (mu(2)-eta(1):eta(5)-cyclopentadienyl)(2)Ru-2(CO)(4) (2) in a novel process involving a formal dinuclear oxidative addition to a C-C bond. The product reverted to 1 upon heating in solution or in the solid state, under the latter conditions with an enthalpy change of -29.8 (1.5) kcal mol(-1). Mechanistic studies with a mixture of 1 and 1-d(8) revealed the absence of label scrambling, pointing to intramolecular pathways. The quantum yield (0.15) was unaffected by the presence of CCl4, and no chlorination products were observed under these conditions. Irradiation of solutions of 1 or 2 with 300 nm light provided Fv(mu(2)-eta(1):eta(5)-cyclopentadienyl)(2)Ru-4(CO)(6) (6) or, in the presence of alkynes, the adducts FvRu(2)(CO)(3)(RCCR) (8-10, R = H, C6H5, CO2CH3). Heating 1 and PR3 (R = CH2CH3, CH3, or OCH3) yielded FvRu(2)(CO)(3)(PR3) (12-14), in which a fluxional process occurs characterized by intramolecular terminal to bridging carbonyl exchange. While 12 and 13 were inert, compound 14 rapidly and reversibly afforded the P(OCH3)(3)-substituted analog of 2 (15) upon irradiation with UV light. The two diastereomeric 3,3'-di-tert-butyl-substituted fulvalene analogs of 1 (19) underwent the same reaction sequence with complete retention of stereochemistry, via the diastereomeric photoproducts 20. A double regiochemical labeling experiment proceeded with retention of connectivity and stereochemistry. A concerted mechanism for the photoisomerization is consistent with the experimental observations, but a biradical pathway cannot be ruled out. Kinetic data for the isomerizations of 2, 15, 20a, and 20b to their respective metal-metal-bonded Fv precursors were determined. The entropies of activation (+7 to +21 eu) suggested a disordered transition state. A sequence involving reversible CO loss was ruled out through a crossover experiment with 2-(CO)-C-13. Kinetic and labeling experiments point to a change in mechanism when the thermal reversion of 2 to 1 was run under CO (similar to 1 atm). The occurrence of ligand-induced C-C coupling was indicated through studies of the reactivity of 2 with P(CH3)(3). Photoisomer 2 reacts with excess CCl4 to give FvRu(2)(CO)(4)Cl-2) by yet another mechanism. As in the potoisomerization of 1, the thermal reversion of 2 may follow a concerted pathway, although biradical intermediates cannot be excluded. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, DEPT CHEM, DIV CHEM SCI, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. UNIV ESSEN GESAMTHSCH, INST ANORGAN CHEM, D-45117 ESSEN, GERMANY. RI Matzger, Adam/G-7497-2016 OI Matzger, Adam/0000-0002-4926-2752 NR 121 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 23 PY 1997 VL 119 IS 29 BP 6757 EP 6773 DI 10.1021/ja9707062 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XM740 UT WOS:A1997XM74000008 ER PT J AU Fernandez, C Delevoye, L Amoureux, JP Lang, DP Pruski, M AF Fernandez, C Delevoye, L Amoureux, JP Lang, DP Pruski, M TI Al-27{H-1} cross polarization triple-quantum magic angle spinning NMR SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SOLID-STATE NMR; INTEGER QUADRUPOLAR NUCLEI; MOLECULAR-SIEVES; POWDER DIFFRACTION; ALPO4-11; HYDRATION; RESONANCE; SPECTRA; LOCKING; SPINS AB An experiment is described that produces multiple-quantum magic angle spinning (MQMAS) NMR spectrum of Al-27 via H-1 cross polarization (CP). An application of this new technique to the study of a fully hydrated AlPO4-11 aluminophosphate is presented. It is shown that a combination of MQMAS and CPMQMAS provides new insight into the structure of this sample. While MQMAS alone can be used to obtain high-resolution spectra and quantitative information on the distribution of Al sites, CPMQMAS allows one to establish the positions of water molecules within the ALPO(4)-11 framework. C1 AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP Fernandez, C (reprint author), CNRS,LAB DYNAM & STRUCT MAT MOL,URA 801,F-59655 VILLENEUVE DASCQ,FRANCE. RI Delevoye, Laurent/B-9854-2011; fernandez, christian/C-3158-2008 OI fernandez, christian/0000-0002-5476-3148 NR 41 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 23 PY 1997 VL 119 IS 29 BP 6858 EP 6862 DI 10.1021/ja964440v PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XM740 UT WOS:A1997XM74000020 ER PT J AU Gao, HR Angelici, RJ AF Gao, HR Angelici, RJ TI Combination catalysts consisting of a homogeneous catalyst tethered to a silica-supported palladium heterogeneous catalyst: Arene hydrogenation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL COMPLEXES; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SPILLOVER; RHODIUM; MILD C1 IOWA STATE UNIV, DEPT CHEM, AMES, IA 50011 USA. IOWA STATE UNIV, AMES LAB, AMES, IA 50011 USA. NR 31 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 23 PY 1997 VL 119 IS 29 BP 6937 EP 6938 DI 10.1021/ja9710058 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XM740 UT WOS:A1997XM74000037 ER PT J AU Martin, JE Anderson, MT Odinek, J Newcomer, P AF Martin, JE Anderson, MT Odinek, J Newcomer, P TI Synthesis of periodic mesoporous silica thin films SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article AB We describe a synthetic method for the formation of surfactant-templated periodic mesoporous silica thin films. The films, when deposited between 0.22 < t/t(gel) < 0.67, are crack-free, consist of aggregated submicrometer particles, each of which contains the familiar honeycomb arrangement of 30-44 Angstrom diameter channels, and have specific surface areas greater than 400 m(2)/g. The synthetic method, which we call gas-catalyzed thin film synthesis (GCTFS), involves diffusing ammonia into a homogeneous micellar coating solution on a nonporous substrate. This method ameliorates the problems associated with coating substrates from inhomogeneous solutions. We have studied and optimized GCTFS with light scattering, (29)Si NMR, XRD, optical microscopy, SEM, TEM, and isothermal N(2) sorption measurements. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87185 USA. NR 20 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUL 23 PY 1997 VL 13 IS 15 BP 4133 EP 4141 DI 10.1021/la960714g PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA XM642 UT WOS:A1997XM64200035 ER PT J AU Laible, PD Greenfield, SR Wasielewski, MR Hanson, DK Pearlstein, RM AF Laible, PD Greenfield, SR Wasielewski, MR Hanson, DK Pearlstein, RM TI Antenna excited state decay kinetics establish primary electron transfer in reaction centers as heterogeneous SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL REACTION CENTERS; PHOTOSYNTHETIC REACTION CENTERS; LIGHT-HARVESTING COMPLEX; RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES; CHARGE SEPARATION; RHODOPSEUDOMONAS-VIRIDIS; SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS; RHODOSPIRILLUM-RUBRUM; WAVELENGTH DEPENDENCE; EXCITATION-ENERGY AB The decay of the excited primary electron donor P* in bacterial photosynthetic reaction centers (both membrane-bound and detergent-isolated) has been observed to be nonexponential on a time scale of some tens of picoseconds. Although the multipicosecond nonexponentiality of P* has been ascribed to heterogeneity in the rate of primary electron transfer (PET), the decay kinetics can be interpreted equally well using homogeneous models. To address this ambiguity, we studied the decay of excited bacteriochlorophyll (Bchl) in the membrane-bound core antenna/reaction center complexes of wild-type and mutant reaction center strains of Rhodobacter capsulatus. Reaction centers isolated from these same strains display a range of multiexponentiality in primary charge separation. The mutant strains carry substitutions of amino acids residing near the monomeric Bchl on the active and/or inactive sides of the reaction center. Transient absorption measurements monitoring the Q(y) bleach of antenna Bchls require at least two exponential components to fit all decays. The wild type was fitted with equal-amplitude components whose lifetimes are 24 and 65 ps. The shortest-lived component is relatively insensitive to mutation, in contrast to the longer-lived component(s) whose amplitude and magnitude were dramatically perturbed by amino acid substitutions. Unlike the situation with isolated reaction centers, here the only kinetic models consistent with the data are those in which the primary electron-transfer rate constant is heterogeneous suggesting at least two structural populations of RCs. PET in the population with the shortest-lived antenna decay causes the kinetics to be transfer-to-trap-limited, whereas the kinetics in the other population(s)-having longer-lived antenna decays-are limited by the rate of PET. Observation of both types of kinetic limitation within a single light-harvesting system is unexpected and complicates any discussion of the rate-limiting step of light energy utilization in photosynthesis. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM,ARGONNE,IL 60439. NORTHWESTERN UNIV,DEPT CHEM,EVANSTON,IL 60208. INDIANA UNIV PURDUE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46202. RP Laible, PD (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,CTR MECHANIST BIOL & BIOTECHNOL,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM36598] NR 64 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD JUL 22 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 29 BP 8677 EP 8685 DI 10.1021/bi970672a PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA XM538 UT WOS:A1997XM53800003 PM 9289013 ER PT J AU Cohen, BE Stoddard, BL Koshland, DE AF Cohen, BE Stoddard, BL Koshland, DE TI Caged NADP and NAD. Synthesis and characterization of functionally distinct caged compounds SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE-DINUCLEOTIDE; ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTOR LIGAND; CYCLIC ADP-RIBOSE; ISOCITRATE DEHYDROGENASE; PHOTOLABILE PRECURSORS; NITROBENZYL DERIVATIVES; CONFORMATIONAL CHANGE; FLASH-PHOTOLYSIS; PHOSPHORYLATION; ENZYME AB TWO caged NADP compounds have been synthesized and characterized for use in the crystallographic study of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), as well as for general use in cell biology, metabolism, and enzymology. One caged NADP compound has been designed to be ''catalytically caged'' so that it can bind to IDH prior to photolysis but is not catalytically active, A second NADP compound is ''affinity caged'' so that addition of the caging group inhibits binding of the compound to IDH prior to photolysis, The catalytically caged compound was synthesized in a two-step process, starting with the NADase-catalyzed exchange of a synthetic nicotinamide derivative onto NADP. X-ray structures of the NADP compounds with IDH show the catalytically caged NADP bound to the enzyme with its nicotinamide group improperly positioned to allow turnover, while the affinity caged NADP does not bind to the enzyme at concentrations up to 50 mM. Two analogous caged NAD compounds have also been synthesized. The NADP and NAD compounds were characterized in terms of kinetics, quantum yield, and product formation. The affinity caged NADP compound P-2'-[1-(4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrophenyl)ethyl] NADP (VIII) is photolyzed at a rate of 1.8 x 10(4) s(-1) with a quantum yield of 0.19 at pH7; the NAD analog P-[1-(4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrophenyl)ethyl] NAD (IX) is photolyzed at at a rate of 1.7 x 10(4) s(-1) with a quantum yield of 0.17. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT MOL & CELL BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT CHEM,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,CTR ADV MAT,BERKELEY,CA 94720. FRED HUTCHINSON CANC RES CTR,PROGRAM STRUCT BIOL,DIV BASIC SCI,SEATTLE,WA 98104. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM49857] NR 47 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD JUL 22 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 29 BP 9035 EP 9044 DI 10.1021/bi970263e PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA XM538 UT WOS:A1997XM53800042 PM 9220992 ER PT J AU Turkevich, A Winsberg, L Flotow, H Adams, RM AF Turkevich, A Winsberg, L Flotow, H Adams, RM TI The radioactivity of atmospheric krypton in 1949-1950 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Genetics and the Origin of Species CY JAN 30-FEB 01, 1997 CL NATL ACAD SCIENCES BECKMAN CTR, IRVINE, CA SP Natl Acad Sciences HO NATL ACAD SCIENCES BECKMAN CTR AB The chemical element krypton, whose principal source is the atmosphere, had a long-lived radioactive content, in the mid-1940s, of less than 5 dpm per liter of krypton, In the late 1940s, this content had risen to values in the range of 100 dpm per liter, It is now some hundred times higher than the late 1940 values. This radioactivity is the result of the dissolving of nuclear fuel for military and civilian purposes, and the release thereby of the fission product krypton-85 (half-life = 10.71 years, fission yield = 0.2%), The present largest emitter of krypton-85 is the French reprocessing plant at Cap-de-la-Hague. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 22 PY 1997 VL 94 IS 15 BP 7807 EP 7810 DI 10.1073/pnas.94.15.7807 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XM428 UT WOS:A1997XM42800018 PM 11607731 ER PT J AU Campiglia, AD Hueber, DM Moreau, F Vo-Dinh, T AF Campiglia, AD Hueber, DM Moreau, F Vo-Dinh, T TI Phosphorescence imaging system using an acousto-optic tunable filter and a charge-coupled device SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE phosphorimetry; phosphorescence imaging; acousto-optic tunable filter ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE PHOSPHORESCENCE; POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PHOSPHORIMETRY; SPECTROMETER; SPECTROSCOPY; SUBSTRATE; PAPER AB We are reporting for the first time the development of an imaging spectrometer for solid-surface room temperature phosphorimetry based on an acousto-optic tunable filter. A HeCd laser was employed as the excitation source, and a cooled two-dimensional charge-coupled device was used as the detector. The spectral characterization and imaging capability of the new system were evaluated with two well known phosphorescent compounds. The phosphorescence emissions of pyrene and 1,2,3,4-dibenzanthracene adsorbed on chromatography paper treated for background reduction were investigated. Thallium(I) acetate was employed as a phosphorescence enhancer. Based on the performance of the proposed instrument, several potential applications are discussed. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, HLTH SCI RES DIV, ADV MONITORING DEV GRP, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 EI 1873-4324 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD JUL 21 PY 1997 VL 346 IS 3 BP 361 EP 372 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA XM900 UT WOS:A1997XM90000010 ER PT J AU Kuo, CH Hsieh, IC Schroder, DK Maracas, GN Chen, S Sigmon, TW AF Kuo, CH Hsieh, IC Schroder, DK Maracas, GN Chen, S Sigmon, TW TI Ex situ ellipsometry characterization of excimer laser annealed amorphous silicon thin films grown by low pressure chemical vapor deposition SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON; OPTICAL REFLECTIVITY; TRANSISTORS AB Spectroscopic ellipsometry was used to monitor excimer laser annealed thin (similar to 100 nm) amorphous silicon (a-Si) films grown on quartz substrates by low pressure chemical Vapor deposition (LPCVD). The peak position of the imaginary part of the complex dielectric function epsilon(2) was used to determine the degree of crystallization of the a-Si. The amplitude of epsilon(2) at the Si E-1 transition energy is found to be a good indicator of the polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) grain size after laser annealing with good correlation between ex situ ellipsometric data and poly-Si grain sizes being observed. Spectroscopic ellipsometry provides a contactless, nondestructive, and simple technique for monitoring laser annealing both in situ during the annealing process or ex situ after annealing. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 ARIZONA STATE UNIV,DEPT ELECT ENGN,TEMPE,AZ 85287. MOTOROLA INC,PHOENIX CORP RES LAB,TEMPE,AZ 85284. XMR INC,FREMONT,CA 94538. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. RP Kuo, CH (reprint author), ARIZONA STATE UNIV,CTR SOLID STATE ELECT RES,TEMPE,AZ 85287, USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 21 PY 1997 VL 71 IS 3 BP 359 EP 361 DI 10.1063/1.119537 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA XL489 UT WOS:A1997XL48900022 ER PT J AU Wallen, SL Yonker, CR Phelps, CL Wai, CM AF Wallen, SL Yonker, CR Phelps, CL Wai, CM TI Effect of fluorine substitution, pressure and temperature on the tautomeric equilibria of acetylacetonate beta-diketones SO JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY-FARADAY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID SOLID MATERIALS; METAL-IONS; EXTRACTION AB The equilibrium between the keto and enol tautomers of acetylacetone, trifluoroacetylacetone and hexafluoroacetylacetone in the neat liquid slate and dissolved in supercritical fluid carbon dioxide have been studied, as a function of pressure and temperature, by H-1 NMR. This allows determination of the thermodynamic parameters, Delta H and AS, for the keto-enol equilibrium. The observed trends are well correlated with extraction results for this class of compounds. C1 UNIV IDAHO, DEPT CHEM, MOSCOW, ID 83843 USA. RP Wallen, SL (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, DEPT CHEM SCI, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 20 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4WF SN 0956-5000 J9 J CHEM SOC FARADAY T JI J. Chem. Soc.-Faraday Trans. PD JUL 21 PY 1997 VL 93 IS 14 BP 2391 EP 2394 DI 10.1039/a701851g PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA XL786 UT WOS:A1997XL78600008 ER PT J AU Zholents, A Zolotorev, M AF Zholents, A Zolotorev, M TI Correlation technique for measurements of beam emittance and energy spread SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE beam diagnostics; emittance; energy spread; correlation AB When a beam of charged particles passes through a lattice with bending magnets, then mixing of the relative longitudinal positions of particles can take place. This mixing is caused by the energy spread of beam particles and by the spread of the particle betatron coordinates and angles, and has the effect of changing the time structure of the fields radiated by the beam at different points of its trajectory. It is shown in the paper that by measuring the correlation function of the radiation fields at two points of the beam trajectory, one can determine the beam emittance and the beam energy spread. A detailed analysis of this diagnostic technique with a few illustrative examples is provided, A method of intensity correlation has been proposed for a case when two radiation points are separated by a long distance and intersecting of mio radiation fields in the same detector is difficult. RP Zholents, A (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV ACCELERATOR & FUS RES,CTR BEAM PHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 1997 VL 394 IS 3 BP 316 EP 320 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(97)00691-8 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA XT521 UT WOS:A1997XT52100007 ER PT J AU HerreraSiklody, P Latorre, JI Pascual, P Taron, J AF HerreraSiklody, P Latorre, JI Pascual, P Taron, J TI Chiral effective Lagrangian in the large-N-c limit: The nonet case SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article DE eta'; chiral perturbation theory; heat-kernel renormalization ID PERTURBATION-THEORY; U(1) PROBLEM; DYNAMICS; CHROMODYNAMICS; VACUUM; QUARK; MASS AB A U-L(3) X U-R(3) low-energy effective lagrangian for the nonet of pseudo-Goldstone bosons that appear in the large N-c limit of QCD is presented including terms up to four derivatives and explicit symmetry breaking terms up to quadratic in the quark masses. The one-loop renormalization of the couplings is worked out using the heat-kernel technique and dimensional renormalization. The calculation is carried through for U-L(n(l)) X U-R(n(l)), thus allowing for a generic number n(l) of light quark flavours. The crucial advantages that the expansion in powers of 1/N-c bring about are discussed. Special emphasis is put on pointing out what features are at variance with the SUL X SUR results when the singlet eta' is included in the theory. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,BENASQUE CTR PHYS,UPTON,NY 11973. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT PHYS,UPTON,NY 11973. RP HerreraSiklody, P (reprint author), UNIV BARCELONA,FAC FIS,DEPT ESTRUCTURA & CONSTITUENTS MAT,DIAGONAL 647,E-08028 BARCELONA,SPAIN. RI latorre, jose/C-9832-2009 OI latorre, jose/0000-0003-1702-7018 NR 46 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD JUL 21 PY 1997 VL 497 IS 1-2 BP 345 EP 386 DI 10.1016/S0550-3213(97)00260-5 PG 42 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA XK491 UT WOS:A1997XK49100017 ER PT J AU Clark, R BeckerSzendy, R Bratton, CB Breault, J Casper, D Dye, ST Gajewski, W Goldhaber, M Haines, TJ Halverson, PG Kielczewska, D Kropp, WR Learned, JG LoSecco, J McGrew, C Matsuno, S Miller, RS Price, L Reines, F Schultz, J Sobel, HW Stone, J Sulak, LR Svoboda, R Vagins, M AF Clark, R BeckerSzendy, R Bratton, CB Breault, J Casper, D Dye, ST Gajewski, W Goldhaber, M Haines, TJ Halverson, PG Kielczewska, D Kropp, WR Learned, JG LoSecco, J McGrew, C Matsuno, S Miller, RS Price, L Reines, F Schultz, J Sobel, HW Stone, J Sulak, LR Svoboda, R Vagins, M TI Atmospheric muon neutrino fraction above 1 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID IMB-3 DETECTOR; PROTON DECAY; SEARCH; FLUX; RATIO AB A 2.1 ktonyr exposure of data from the Irvine-Michigan-Brookhaven detector has yielded 72 atmospheric neutrino events with a vertex contained inside the fiducial volume and at least 0.95 GeV of visible Cerenkov energy. The ratio of these two ratios (muonlike/total)(Data)/(muonlike/total)(MC) was found to be 1.1(-0.12)(+0.07)(stat) +/- 0.11(syst). The zenith angle dependence of this ratio of ratios is consistent with being flat. The region of sin(2)(2 theta) > 0.5 and delta m(2) > 9.8 x 10(-3) eV(2) has been excluded to the 90% confidence level for nu(mu) --> nu(e) oscillations while the region of sin(2)(2 theta) > 0.7 and delta m(2) > 1.5 X 10(-2) eV(2) has been excluded to the 90% confidence level for nu(mu) --> nu tau oscillations. C1 STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94309. CLEVELAND STATE UNIV,CLEVELAND,OH 44115. UNIV CALIF IRVINE,IRVINE,CA 92717. CERN,CH-1211 GENEVA 23,SWITZERLAND. HAWAII PACIFIC UNIV,HONOLULU,HI 96813. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87544. WARSAW UNIV,WARSAW,POLAND. UNIV HAWAII,HONOLULU,HI 96822. UNIV NOTRE DAME,NOTRE DAME,IN 46556. SUNY STONY BROOK,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. BOSTON UNIV,BOSTON,MA 02215. RP Clark, R (reprint author), LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803, USA. RI Sobel, Henry/A-4369-2011 NR 16 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 21 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 3 BP 345 EP 348 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.345 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XL549 UT WOS:A1997XL54900004 ER PT J AU Riotto, A Senjanovic, G AF Riotto, A Senjanovic, G TI Supersymmetry and broken symmetries at high temperature SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BARYON ASYMMETRY; GAUGE THEORIES; CONDENSATION; BREAKING; BEHAVIOR; UNIVERSE AB It is generally believed that internal symmetries are necessarily restored at high temperature in supersymmetric theories. We provide simple and natural counterexamples to this no-go theorem for systems having a net background charge. We exemplify our findings on Abelian models, for both cases of global and local symmetries, and discuss their possible implications. C1 INT CTR THEORET PHYS, I-34100 TRIESTE, ITALY. RP FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB, POB 500, BATAVIA, IL 60510 USA. NR 22 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 21 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 3 BP 349 EP 352 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.349 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XL549 UT WOS:A1997XL54900005 ER PT J AU Abe, F Akimoto, H Akopian, A Albrow, MG Amendolia, SR Amidei, D Antos, J Aota, S Apollinari, G Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Atac, M Azfar, F AzziBacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Badgett, W Bagdasarov, S Bailey, MW Bao, J deBarbaro, P BarbaroGaltieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Barone, M Barzi, E Bauer, G Baumann, T Bedeschi, F Behrends, S Belforte, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Benlloch, J Bensinger, J Benton, D Beretvas, A Berge, JP Berryhill, J Bertolucci, S Bevensee, B Bhatti, A Biery, K Binkley, M Bisello, D Blair, RE Blocker, C Bodek, A Bokhari, W Bolognesi, V Bolla, G Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Breccia, L Bromberg, C Bruner, N BuckleyGeer, E Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G ByonWagner, A Byrum, KL Cammerata, J Campagnari, C Campbell, M Caner, A Carithers, W Carlsmith, D Castro, A Cauz, D Cen, Y Cervelli, F Chang, PS Chang, PT Chao, HY Chapman, J Cheng, MT Chiarelli, G Chikamatsu, T Chiou, CN Christofek, L Cihangir, S Clark, AG Cobal, M Cocca, E Contreras, M Conway, J Cooper, J Cordelli, M Couyoumtzelis, C Crane, D CroninHennessy, D Culbertson, R Daniels, T DeJongh, F Delchamps, S DellAgnello, S DellOrso, M Demina, R Demortier, L Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dittmann, JR Donati, S Done, J Dorigo, T Dunn, A Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Elias, JE Ely, R Engels, E Errede, D Errede, S Fan, Q Feild, G Ferretti, C Fiori, I Flauher, B Foster, GW Franklin, M Frautschi, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Frisch, H Fukui, Y Funaki, S Galeotti, S Gallinaro, M Ganel, O GarciaSciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Geer, S Gerdes, DW Giannetti, P Giokaris, N Giromini, P Giusti, G Gladney, L Glenzinski, D Gold, M Gonzalez, J Gordon, A Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Grassmann, H Groer, L GrossoPilcher, C Guillian, G Guo, RS Haber, C Hafen, E Hahn, SR Hamilton, R Handler, R Hans, RM Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harral, B Harris, RM Hauger, SA Hauser, J Hawk, C Hayashi, E Heinrich, J Hinrichsen, B Hoffman, KD Hohlmann, M Holck, C Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Hong, S Houk, G Hu, P Huffman, BT Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Hylen, J Ikeda, H Incagli, M Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iwai, J Iwata, Y Jensen, H Joshi, U Kadel, RW Kajfasz, E Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Karr, K Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Kelley, K Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Kesten, P Kestenbaum, D Keutelian, H Keyvan, F Kharadia, B Kim, BJ Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirsch, L Koehn, P Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Kopp, S Kordas, K Korytov, A Koska, W Kovacs, E Kowald, W Krasberg, M Kroll, J Kruse, M Kuwabara, T Kuhlmann, SE Kuns, E Laasanen, AT Lami, S Lammel, S Lamoureux, JI Lancaster, M LeCompte, T Leone, S Lewis, JD Limon, P Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, JB Liu, YC Lockyer, N Long, O Loomis, C Loreti, M Lu, J Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lys, J Maeshima, K Maghakian, A Maksimovic, P Mangano, M Mansour, J Mariotti, M Marriner, JP Martin, A Matthews, JAJ Mattingly, R McIntyre, P Melese, P Menzione, A Meschi, E Metzler, S Miao, C Miao, T Michail, G Miller, R Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Mitsushio, H Miyamoto, T Miyashita, S Moggi, N Morita, Y Mukherjee, A Muller, T Murat, P Nakada, H Nakano, I Nelson, C Neuberger, D NewmanHolmes, C Ngan, CYP Ninomiya, M Nodulman, L Oh, SH Ohl, KE Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okabe, M Okusawa, T Oliveira, R Olsen, J Pagliarone, C Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Pappas, SP Parashar, N Park, S Parri, A Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Perazzo, A Pescara, L Peters, MD Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pillai, M Pitts, KT Plunkett, R Pondrom, L Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Ragan, K Reher, D Ribon, A Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robertson, WJ Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Romano, J Rosenson, L Roser, R Saab, T Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sansoni, A Santi, L Sato, H Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Scribano, A Segler, S Seidel, S Seiya, Y Sganos, G Shapiro, MD Shaw, NM Shen, Q Shepard, PF Shimojima, M Shochet, M Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Skarha, J Sliwa, K Snider, FD Song, T Spalding, J Speer, T Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Stanco, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strahl, K Strait, J Strohmer, R Stuart, D Sullivan, G Sumorok, K Suzuki, J Takada, T Takahashi, T Takano, T Takikawa, K Tamura, N Tannenbaum, B Tartarelli, F Taylor, W Teng, PK Teramoto, Y Tether, S Theriot, D Thomas, TL Thun, R ThurmanKeup, R Timko, M Tipton, P Titov, A Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Toyoda, H Trischuk, W deTroconiz, JF Truitt, S Tseng, J Turini, N Uchida, T Uemura, N Ukegawa, F Unal, G Valls, J vandenBrink, SC Vejcik, S Velev, G Vidal, R Vilar, R Vondracek, M Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wahl, J Wallace, NB Walsh, AM Wang, C Wang, CH Wang, J Wang, MJ Wang, QF Warburton, A Watts, T Webb, R Wei, C Wenzel, H Wester, WC Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkinson, R Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Winn, D Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Worm, S Wu, X Wyss, J Yagil, A Yao, W Yasuoka, K Ye, Y Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yin, M Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yovanovitch, D Yu, I Yu, L Yun, JC Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zhang, L Zhang, W Zucchelli, S AF Abe, F Akimoto, H Akopian, A Albrow, MG Amendolia, SR Amidei, D Antos, J Aota, S Apollinari, G Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Atac, M Azfar, F AzziBacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Badgett, W Bagdasarov, S Bailey, MW Bao, J deBarbaro, P BarbaroGaltieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Barone, M Barzi, E Bauer, G Baumann, T Bedeschi, F Behrends, S Belforte, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Benlloch, J Bensinger, J Benton, D Beretvas, A Berge, JP Berryhill, J Bertolucci, S Bevensee, B Bhatti, A Biery, K Binkley, M Bisello, D Blair, RE Blocker, C Bodek, A Bokhari, W Bolognesi, V Bolla, G Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Breccia, L Bromberg, C Bruner, N BuckleyGeer, E Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G ByonWagner, A Byrum, KL Cammerata, J Campagnari, C Campbell, M Caner, A Carithers, W Carlsmith, D Castro, A Cauz, D Cen, Y Cervelli, F Chang, PS Chang, PT Chao, HY Chapman, J Cheng, MT Chiarelli, G Chikamatsu, T Chiou, CN Christofek, L Cihangir, S Clark, AG Cobal, M Cocca, E Contreras, M Conway, J Cooper, J Cordelli, M Couyoumtzelis, C Crane, D CroninHennessy, D Culbertson, R Daniels, T DeJongh, F Delchamps, S DellAgnello, S DellOrso, M Demina, R Demortier, L Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dittmann, JR Donati, S Done, J Dorigo, T Dunn, A Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Elias, JE Ely, R Engels, E Errede, D Errede, S Fan, Q Feild, G Ferretti, C Fiori, I Flauher, B Foster, GW Franklin, M Frautschi, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Frisch, H Fukui, Y Funaki, S Galeotti, S Gallinaro, M Ganel, O GarciaSciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Geer, S Gerdes, DW Giannetti, P Giokaris, N Giromini, P Giusti, G Gladney, L Glenzinski, D Gold, M Gonzalez, J Gordon, A Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Grassmann, H Groer, L GrossoPilcher, C Guillian, G Guo, RS Haber, C Hafen, E Hahn, SR Hamilton, R Handler, R Hans, RM Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harral, B Harris, RM Hauger, SA Hauser, J Hawk, C Hayashi, E Heinrich, J Hinrichsen, B Hoffman, KD Hohlmann, M Holck, C Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Hong, S Houk, G Hu, P Huffman, BT Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Hylen, J Ikeda, H Incagli, M Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iwai, J Iwata, Y Jensen, H Joshi, U Kadel, RW Kajfasz, E Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Karr, K Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Kelley, K Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Kesten, P Kestenbaum, D Keutelian, H Keyvan, F Kharadia, B Kim, BJ Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirsch, L Koehn, P Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Kopp, S Kordas, K Korytov, A Koska, W Kovacs, E Kowald, W Krasberg, M Kroll, J Kruse, M Kuwabara, T Kuhlmann, SE Kuns, E Laasanen, AT Lami, S Lammel, S Lamoureux, JI Lancaster, M LeCompte, T Leone, S Lewis, JD Limon, P Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, JB Liu, YC Lockyer, N Long, O Loomis, C Loreti, M Lu, J Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lys, J Maeshima, K Maghakian, A Maksimovic, P Mangano, M Mansour, J Mariotti, M Marriner, JP Martin, A Matthews, JAJ Mattingly, R McIntyre, P Melese, P Menzione, A Meschi, E Metzler, S Miao, C Miao, T Michail, G Miller, R Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Mitsushio, H Miyamoto, T Miyashita, S Moggi, N Morita, Y Mukherjee, A Muller, T Murat, P Nakada, H Nakano, I Nelson, C Neuberger, D NewmanHolmes, C Ngan, CYP Ninomiya, M Nodulman, L Oh, SH Ohl, KE Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okabe, M Okusawa, T Oliveira, R Olsen, J Pagliarone, C Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Pappas, SP Parashar, N Park, S Parri, A Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Perazzo, A Pescara, L Peters, MD Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pillai, M Pitts, KT Plunkett, R Pondrom, L Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Ragan, K Reher, D Ribon, A Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robertson, WJ Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Romano, J Rosenson, L Roser, R Saab, T Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sansoni, A Santi, L Sato, H Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Scribano, A Segler, S Seidel, S Seiya, Y Sganos, G Shapiro, MD Shaw, NM Shen, Q Shepard, PF Shimojima, M Shochet, M Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Skarha, J Sliwa, K Snider, FD Song, T Spalding, J Speer, T Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Stanco, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strahl, K Strait, J Strohmer, R Stuart, D Sullivan, G Sumorok, K Suzuki, J Takada, T Takahashi, T Takano, T Takikawa, K Tamura, N Tannenbaum, B Tartarelli, F Taylor, W Teng, PK Teramoto, Y Tether, S Theriot, D Thomas, TL Thun, R ThurmanKeup, R Timko, M Tipton, P Titov, A Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Toyoda, H Trischuk, W deTroconiz, JF Truitt, S Tseng, J Turini, N Uchida, T Uemura, N Ukegawa, F Unal, G Valls, J vandenBrink, SC Vejcik, S Velev, G Vidal, R Vilar, R Vondracek, M Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wahl, J Wallace, NB Walsh, AM Wang, C Wang, CH Wang, J Wang, MJ Wang, QF Warburton, A Watts, T Webb, R Wei, C Wenzel, H Wester, WC Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkinson, R Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Winn, D Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Worm, S Wu, X Wyss, J Yagil, A Yao, W Yasuoka, K Ye, Y Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yin, M Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yovanovitch, D Yu, I Yu, L Yun, JC Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zhang, L Zhang, W Zucchelli, S TI Search for charged Higgs boson decays of the top quark using hadronic decays of the tau lepton SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SILICON VERTEX DETECTOR; (P)OVER-BAR-P COLLISIONS; COLLIDER DETECTOR; ROOT-S=1.8 TEV; B->S-GAMMA; SIMULATION; FERMILAB; LIMITS AB This Letter describes a direct search for charged Higgs boson production in p (p) over bar collisions at root s = 1.8 TeV recorded by the Collider Detector at Fermilab. Two-Higgs-double extensions to the standard model predict the existence of charged Higgs bosons (H+/-). In such models, the branching fraction for top quarks B(t --> H(+)b --> tau(+) nu b) can be large. This search uses the hadronic decays of the tan lepton in this channel to significantly extend previous limits on H+/- production. C1 UNIV BOLOGNA,IST NAZL FIS NUCL,I-40126 BOLOGNA,ITALY. BRANDEIS UNIV,WALTHAM,MA 02264. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. UNIV CHICAGO,CHICAGO,IL 60638. DUKE UNIV,DURHAM,NC 28708. FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,BATAVIA,IL 60510. UNIV FLORIDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 33611. IST NAZL FIS NUCL,LAB NAZL FRASCATI,I-00044 FRASCATI,ITALY. UNIV GENEVA,CH-1211 GENEVA 4,SWITZERLAND. HARVARD UNIV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. HIROSHIMA UNIV,HIGASHIHIROSHIMA 724,JAPAN. UNIV ILLINOIS,URBANA,IL 61801. MCGILL UNIV,INST PARTICLE PHYS,MONTREAL,PQ H3A 2T8,CANADA. UNIV TORONTO,TORONTO,ON M5S 1A7,CANADA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. UNIV KARLSRUHE,D-76128 KARLSRUHE,GERMANY. KEK NAT LAB HIGH ENERGY PHYS,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 315,JAPAN. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. MIT,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. UNIV MICHIGAN,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,E LANSING,MI 48824. UNIV NEW MEXICO,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87132. OHIO STATE UNIV,COLUMBUS,OH 43320. OSAKA CITY UNIV,OSAKA 588,JAPAN. UNIV PADUA,IST NAZL FIS NUCL,SEZ PADOVA,I-36132 PADUA,ITALY. UNIV PENN,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. UNIV PISA,IST NAZL FIS NUCL,I-56100 PISA,ITALY. SCUOLA NORMALE SUPER PISA,I-56100 PISA,ITALY. UNIV PITTSBURGH,PITTSBURGH,PA 15270. PURDUE UNIV,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. UNIV ROCHESTER,ROCHESTER,NY 14628. ROCKEFELLER UNIV,NEW YORK,NY 10021. RUTGERS STATE UNIV,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08854. ACAD SINICA,TAIPEI 11530,TAIWAN. TEXAS A&M UNIV,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. TEXAS TECH UNIV,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. UNIV TSUKUBA,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 315,JAPAN. TUFTS UNIV,MEDFORD,MA 02155. UNIV WISCONSIN,MADISON,WI 53806. YALE UNIV,NEW HAVEN,CT 06511. RP Abe, F (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. RI Lancaster, Mark/C-1693-2008; Vucinic, Dejan/C-2406-2008; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Tartarelli, Giuseppe Francesco/A-5629-2016 OI Wyss, Jeffery/0000-0002-8277-4012; Lancaster, Mark/0000-0002-8872-7292; Bertolucci, Sergio/0000-0003-1738-4736; Gallinaro, Michele/0000-0003-1261-2277; Turini, Nicola/0000-0002-9395-5230; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Tartarelli, Giuseppe Francesco/0000-0002-4244-502X NR 33 TC 97 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 21 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 3 BP 357 EP 362 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.357 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XL549 UT WOS:A1997XL54900007 ER PT J AU Mills, JD Sheehy, JA Ferrett, TA Southworth, SH Mayer, R Lindle, DW Langhoff, PW AF Mills, JD Sheehy, JA Ferrett, TA Southworth, SH Mayer, R Lindle, DW Langhoff, PW TI Nondipole resonant x-ray Raman spectroscopy: Polarized inelastic scattering at the K edge of Cl-2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EMISSION; FLUORESCENCE; SYMMETRY; CHLOROFLUOROMETHANES; MOLECULES; SPECTRA AB Experimental and theoretical studies are reported on the inelastic (Raman) scattering of wavelength-selected polarized x rays from the K edge of gas-phase chlorine molecules. The polarized emission spectra exhibit prominent nondipole features consequent of phase variations of the incident and emitted radiation over molecular dimensions, as predicted by the Kramers-Heisenberg scattering formalism. Issues pursuant to the detection of core-hole localization by resonant Raman scattering from homonuclear diatomic molecules are critically examined. C1 CARLETON COLL,DEPT CHEM,NORTHFIELD,MN 55057. ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV PHYS,ARGONNE,IL 60439. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV HOSP,DEPT RADIAT ONCOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. UNIV NEVADA,DEPT CHEM,LAS VEGAS,NV 89154. INDIANA UNIV,DEPT CHEM,BLOOMINGTON,IN 47405. RP Mills, JD (reprint author), USAF,PROPULS SCI DIV,PHILLIPS LAB,EDWARDS AFB,CA 93524, USA. NR 22 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 21 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 3 BP 383 EP 386 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.383 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XL549 UT WOS:A1997XL54900013 ER PT J AU Wade, MR Luce, TC Petty, CC AF Wade, MR Luce, TC Petty, CC TI Gyroradius scaling of helium transport SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FUSION TEST REACTOR; DIII-D; TOKAMAK; DISCHARGES; EXHAUST; CONFINEMENT; ELECTRON AB The scaling of the transport rate of helium ash with normalized gyroradius has been measured for the first time, utilizing ELMing H-mode plasmas on the DIII-D tokamak. The helium diffusivity is found to scale in a gyro-Bohm-like manner, similar to the thermal diffusivity. Even though the extrapolation in normalized gyroradius from DIII-D to a reactor-grade device is large, sensitivity studies indicate that helium ash dilution in such a device will be primarily dependent on the helium exhaust efficiency at the plasma edge and not on the core transport rates. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN. RP Wade, MR (reprint author), GEN ATOM CO,POB 85608,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186, USA. NR 13 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 21 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 3 BP 419 EP 422 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.419 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XL549 UT WOS:A1997XL54900022 ER PT J AU Forest, CB Ferron, JR Gianakon, T Harvey, RW Heidbrink, WW Hyatt, AW LaHaye, RJ Murakami, M Politzer, PA StJohn, HE AF Forest, CB Ferron, JR Gianakon, T Harvey, RW Heidbrink, WW Hyatt, AW LaHaye, RJ Murakami, M Politzer, PA StJohn, HE TI Reduction in neutral beam driven current in a tokamak by tearing modes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CURRENT PROFILES; TFTR; IONS AB Profiles of noninductive current driven by neutral beam injection into a tokamak have been measured and compared with theory. The driven current can be less than the theoretical prediction (by up to 80%) in the presence of islands driven by tearing modes. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,MADISON,WI 53706. COMPX,DEL MAR,CA 92697. UNIV CALIF IRVINE,IRVINE,CA 92697. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Forest, CB (reprint author), GEN ATOM CO,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186, USA. NR 24 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 21 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 3 BP 427 EP 430 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.427 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XL549 UT WOS:A1997XL54900024 ER PT J AU Wyslouzil, BE Cheung, JL Wilemski, G Strey, R AF Wyslouzil, BE Cheung, JL Wilemski, G Strey, R TI Small angle neutron scattering from nanodroplet aerosols SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MICROEMULSIONS AB We report the first measurements of small angle neutron scattering from an aerosol. The aerosol was produced by expanding a D2O-N-2 vapor mixture in a supersonic Laval nozzle. The neutron wavelength (0.5 nm) is less than the typical particle size, and we can therefore derive the average particle size (5-8 nm), number density (similar to 10(12) cm(-3)), and polydispersity of the size distribution directly from the experimental data rather than by inferring them from complex models of particle formation and growth. We also predict and observe a Doppler shift-induced anisotropy in the scattering pattern due to the directed motion of the aerosol in the nozzle. Further applications of this new technique are discussed. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. UNIV COLOGNE,INST PHYS CHEM,D-50939 COLOGNE,GERMANY. RP Wyslouzil, BE (reprint author), WORCESTER POLYTECH INST,DEPT CHEM ENGN,WORCESTER,MA 01609, USA. RI Wyslouzil, Barbara/G-8219-2012 NR 12 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 21 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 3 BP 431 EP 434 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.431 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XL549 UT WOS:A1997XL54900025 ER PT J AU Sirota, EB Wu, XZ Ocko, BM Deutsch, M AF Sirota, EB Wu, XZ Ocko, BM Deutsch, M TI What drives the surface freezing in alkanes? SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID NORMAL-ALKANES; TENSION C1 NO ILLINOIS UNIV,DEPT PHYS,DE KALB,IL 60115. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT PHYS,UPTON,NY 11973. BAR ILAN UNIV,DEPT PHYS,IL-52900 RAMAT GAN,ISRAEL. RP Sirota, EB (reprint author), EXXON RES & ENGN CO,ROUTE 22 E,ANNANDALE,NJ 08801, USA. RI Sirota, Eric/A-7633-2009 NR 11 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 21 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 3 BP 531 EP 531 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.531 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XL549 UT WOS:A1997XL54900050 ER PT J AU Markgraf, JH Chang, R Cort, JR Durant, JL Finkelstein, M Gross, AW Lavyne, MH Moore, WM Petersen, RC Ross, SD AF Markgraf, JH Chang, R Cort, JR Durant, JL Finkelstein, M Gross, AW Lavyne, MH Moore, WM Petersen, RC Ross, SD TI Protodediazoniation of aryldiazonium fluoroborates by dimethylformamide SO TETRAHEDRON LA English DT Article ID ARENEDIAZONIUM IONS; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; RADICAL MECHANISMS; DIAZONIUM SALTS; ACIDIC METHANOL; DEDIAZONIATION; REDUCTION; THERMOLYSIS; SOLVENTS AB The protodediazoniation of aryldiazonium fluoroborates can be effected by warm dimethylformamide (DMF). The conversion of 4-nitrobenzenediazonium fluoroborate to nitrobenzene was studied in detail. Products derived from trapping experiments were consistent with a homolytic process. Studies with deuterated DMF established that H atom abstraction occurred from both sites in DMF with a formyl:methyl preference of 3.5:1.0. This mechanism was consistent with bond energies and kinetic isotope effects calculated for the DMF radical cation. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,COMBUST RES FACIL,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. SPRAGUE ELECT CO,RES LABS,N ADAMS,MA 01247. RP Markgraf, JH (reprint author), WILLIAMS COLL,DEPT CHEM,WILLIAMSTOWN,MA 01267, USA. NR 72 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0040-4020 J9 TETRAHEDRON JI Tetrahedron PD JUL 21 PY 1997 VL 53 IS 29 BP 10009 EP 10018 DI 10.1016/S0040-4020(97)00343-8 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA XM150 UT WOS:A1997XM15000016 ER PT J AU Ferrieri, RA Sharma, RB Wolf, AP AF Ferrieri, RA Sharma, RB Wolf, AP TI Structural influences on the chemical reactivity of hydrocarbons toward nucleogenic carbon atoms SO TETRAHEDRON LA English DT Article AB A systematic measurement of the kinetic rate constant ratios for nucleogenic ground-state carbon-ii atom reactions with either a hydrocarbon or molecular oxygen has provided a means to intercompare the relative reactivities of several saturated, unsaturated and aromatic hydrocarbons and provide insight relating molecular structure with chemical reactivity at high kinetic energies. We noted from these studies that saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon reactivities tended to increase with size of the carbon skeleton relative to methane. We also noted that unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons were significantly more reactive than their saturated counterparts owing to the propensity for ground-state carbon atoms to react at the pi-bond. This action was exemplified by a 14.5-fold increase in ethylene reactivity over ethane. However, alkyl substituents lowered the magnitude of this effect. This behavior may be due in part to bond stabilization through electron delocalization, and in part to steric effects. This later effect was evident by the fact that cis-2-butene was twice as reactive as its trans-isomer. Interestingly, resonance stabilization carried to the extreme of aromatic behavior will render the molecule no more reactive than a saturated hydrocarbon of equivalent size. We noted that electron donating groups decreased reactivity while electron withdrawing groups especially in the meta position on the ring increased reactivity. This behavior seems atypical of what one would expect of an electrophilic reagent. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 WILLIAM BEAUMONT HOSP,DEPT NUCL MED,ROYAL OAK,MI 48073. RP Ferrieri, RA (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 66 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0040-4020 J9 TETRAHEDRON JI Tetrahedron PD JUL 21 PY 1997 VL 53 IS 29 BP 10155 EP 10168 DI 10.1016/S0040-4020(97)00355-4 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA XM150 UT WOS:A1997XM15000028 ER PT J AU Underwood, JH Koch, JA AF Underwood, JH Koch, JA TI High-resolution tunable spectrograph for x-ray laser linewidth measurements with a plane varied-line-spacing grating SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE spectrographs; varied-line-spacing gratings; x rays; x-ray lasers ID MONOCHROMATOR AB We describe a spectrograph for x-ray laser linewidth measurements in the range 100-220 Angstrom. The design employs a plane varied-line-spacing grating operating in the convergent light produced by imaging of the entrance slit with a concave spherical mirror. By the appropriate choice of the linear term in the grating-spacing variation, two separate wavelengths can be focused at the same image distance. As a result all wavelengths within the range of interest are focused at or near the same distance. The spectrograph can be tuned by rotation of the grating to bring any wavelength within the range to the center of the focal plane, and the spectra are dispersed on a surface that is erect or practically flat and perpendicular to the principal ray. This allows the use of a planar detector. With a streak camera used as a detector, the instrument obtained time-resolved linewidth data on x-ray lasers with a resolving power of 1 x 10(4) to 2 x 10(4). This paper presents the design methods used to optimize the varied-line-spacing grating, the design of the tunable spectrograph, and the results from the instrument in operation. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. RP Underwood, JH (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,CTR XRAY OPT,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 20 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 21 BP 4913 EP 4921 DI 10.1364/AO.36.004913 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA XL474 UT WOS:A1997XL47400002 PM 18259295 ER PT J AU VanWonterghem, BM Murray, JR Campbell, JH Speck, DR Barker, CE Smith, IC Browning, DF Behrendt, WC AF VanWonterghem, BM Murray, JR Campbell, JH Speck, DR Barker, CE Smith, IC Browning, DF Behrendt, WC TI Performance of a prototype for a large-aperture multipass Nd:glass laser for inertial confinement fusion SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE Nd:glass laser; inertial confinement fusion; harmonic generation ID STIMULATED BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; SYSTEM; FACILITY; POWER; SUPPRESSION AB The Beamlet is a single-beam prototype of future multibeam megajoule-class Nd:glass laser drivers for inertial confinement fusion. It uses a multipass main amplifier, adaptive optics, and efficient, high-fluence frequency conversion to the third harmonic. The Beamlet amplifier contains Brewster-angle glass slabs with a clear aperture of 39 cm x 39 cm and a full-aperture plasma-electrode Pockels cell switch. It has been successfully tested over a range of pulse lengths from 1-10 ns up to energies at 1.053 mu m of 5.8 kJ at 1 ns and 17.3 kJ at 10 ns. A 39-actuator deformable mirror corrects the beam quality to a Strehl ratio of as much as 0.4. The 1.053-mu m output has been converted to the third harmonic at efficiencies as high as 80% and fluences as high as 8.7 J/cm(2) for 3-ns pulses. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America. RP VanWonterghem, BM (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 808,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 44 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 16 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 20 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 21 BP 4932 EP 4953 DI 10.1364/AO.36.004932 PG 22 WC Optics SC Optics GA XL474 UT WOS:A1997XL47400004 PM 18259297 ER PT J AU Kalibjian, R Cornish, JP AF Kalibjian, R Cornish, JP TI Wave-mixing properties in commercially available semi-insulator grade GaAs crystals SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE optical phase conjugation; GaAs phase-conjugate mirror ID CUBIC PHOTOREFRACTIVE CRYSTALS; GAIN; FIELD; CR AB We have been successful in procuring commercial semi-insulator grade GaAs crystals from Sumitomo that exhibit in our laboratory a gain coefficient of 6.4 cm(-1), a phase-conjugate beam reflectivity of 6, and a grating build-up time of less than 10 ms at a wavelength of 1.06 mu m. Electrical and optical properties of these crystals in two- and four-wave-mixing experiments are described for both de electric field and moving-grating biases on the crystal. Oscillator experiments have also been performed with a retromodulator as the retroreflective mirror in the feedback loop of the resonator cavity. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. RP Kalibjian, R (reprint author), KAL TRON ASSOC,1051 BATAVIA AVE,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 20 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 21 BP 5018 EP 5025 DI 10.1364/AO.36.005018 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA XL474 UT WOS:A1997XL47400017 PM 18259310 ER PT J AU Venturo, VA Joly, AG Ray, D AF Venturo, VA Joly, AG Ray, D TI Pulse compression with a high-energy Nd:YAG regenerative amplifier system SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE chirped pulse amplification; Nd:YAG regenerative amplifier ID PICOSECOND PULSES; AMPLIFICATION AB We describe a method for the generation of readily synchronizable, near-transform-limited, 1064-nm, 6-mJ pulses with <20-ps duration at a repetition rate of 20 Hz. The method employs chirped pulse amplification of spectrally broadened and temporally stretched pulses from a cw mode-locked Nd:YAG laser in a commercial Nd:YAG regenerative amplifier followed by pulse compression with a grating pair. Linear amplification subsequent to regenerative amplification is not required with this method, although higher energies would be easily obtained. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America. RP Venturo, VA (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, ENVIRONM MOL SCI LAB, POB 999, K2-14, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 20 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 21 BP 5048 EP 5052 DI 10.1364/AO.36.005048 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA XL474 UT WOS:A1997XL47400020 PM 18259313 ER PT J AU QuinbyHunt, MS Erskine, LL Hunt, AJ AF QuinbyHunt, MS Erskine, LL Hunt, AJ TI Polarized light scattering by aerosols in the marine atmospheric boundary layer SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE marine atmospheric boundary layer; polarization; light scattering; aerosols ID REFRACTIVE-INDEX; NONSPHERICAL PARTICLES; OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; MUELLER MATRIX; OCEAN; WATER; PHYTOPLANKTON; INTERFACE; SEAWATER; CLIMATE AB The intensity and polarization of light scattered from marine aerosols affect visibility and contrast in the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL). The polarization properties of scattered light in the MABL vary with size, refractive index, number distributions, and environmental conditions. Laboratory measurements were used to determine the characteristics and variability of the polarization of light scattered by aerosols similar to those in the MABL. Scattering from laboratory-generated sea-salt-containing (SSC) [NaCl, (NH4)(2)SO4, and seawater] components of marine aerosols was measured with a scanning polarization-modulated nephelometer. Mie theory with Gaussian and log normal size distributions of spheres was used to calculate the polarized Light scattering from various aerosol composition models and from experimentally determined distributions of aerosols in the marine boundary layer. The modeling mas verified by comparison with scattering from distilled water aerosols. The study suggests that polarimetric techniques can be used to enhance techniques for improving visibility and remote imaging for various aerosol types, Sun angles, and viewing conditions. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America. C1 CALTECH,PASADENA,CA 91125. RP QuinbyHunt, MS (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV ENERGY & ENVIRONM,1 CYCLOTRON RD,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 62 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 20 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 21 BP 5168 EP 5184 DI 10.1364/AO.36.005168 PG 17 WC Optics SC Optics GA XL474 UT WOS:A1997XL47400038 PM 18259331 ER PT J AU Rhie, SH AF Rhie, SH TI Infimum microlensing amplification of the maximum number of images of n-point lens systems SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries, general; gravitational lensing; planetary systems ID GRAVITATIONAL LENS; GALACTIC BULGE; DIRECTION; STARS AB The total amplification of a source inside a caustic curve of a binary lens is no less than 3. Here we show that the infimum amplification, 3. is satisfied by a family of binary lenses where the source position is at the midpoint of the lens positions, independent of the mass ratio that parameterizes the family. We present a new proof of an underlying constraint that the total amplification of the two positive images is larger than that of the three negative images by I inside a caustic. We show that a similar constraint holds for an arbitrary class of n-point lens systems for sources in the ''maximal domains.'' We introduce the notions that a source plane consists of ''graded caustic domains'' and that the ''maximal domain'' is the area of the source plane where a source star produces the maximum number of images, n(2) + 1. We show that the infimum amplification of a three-point lens is 7 and that the amplification is larger than n(2) + 1 - n for n greater than or equal to 4. C1 UNIV NOTRE DAME,DEPT PHYS,NOTRE DAME,IN 46556. RP Rhie, SH (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,INST GEOPHYS & PLANETARY PHYS,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 16 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 1997 VL 484 IS 1 BP 63 EP 69 DI 10.1086/304336 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XM780 UT WOS:A1997XM78000007 ER PT J AU Levenson, NA Graham, JR Aschenbach, B Blair, WP Brinkmann, W Busser, JU Egger, R Fesen, RA Hester, JJ Kahn, SM Klein, RI McKee, CF Petre, R Pisarski, R Raymond, JC Snowden, SL AF Levenson, NA Graham, JR Aschenbach, B Blair, WP Brinkmann, W Busser, JU Egger, R Fesen, RA Hester, JJ Kahn, SM Klein, RI McKee, CF Petre, R Pisarski, R Raymond, JC Snowden, SL TI The ROSAT HRI X-ray survey of the Cygnus Loop SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM, individual (Cygnus Loop); supernova remnants; X-rays, ISM ID SUPER-NOVA REMNANTS; FAST SHOCK-WAVE; INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; EINSTEIN OBSERVATIONS; OPTICAL-EMISSION; PHOTOEVAPORATION; EVOLUTION AB We describe and report progress on the joint U.S. and German campaign to map the X-ray emission from the entire Cygnus Loop with the ROSAT High Resolution Imager. The Cygnus Loop is the prototype for a supernova remnant that is dominated by interactions with the interstellar medium and supplies fundamental physical information on this basic mechanism for shaping the interstellar medium. The global view that these high-resolution (FWHM similar to 10 '') observations provide emphasizes the inhomogeneity of the interstellar medium and the pivotal nature of cloud-blast-wave interactions in determining the X-ray morphology of the supernova remnant. While investigating the details of the evolution of the blast wave, we also describe the interstellar medium in the vicinity of the Cygnus Loop, which the progenitor star has processed. Although we do not expect the X-ray observations to be complete until 1997 September, the incomplete data combined with deep H alpha images provide definitive evidence that the Cygnus Loop was formed by an explosion within a preexisting cavity. C1 MAX PLANCK INST EXTRATERR PHYS, D-85740 GARCHING, GERMANY. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, BALTIMORE, MD 21218 USA. DARTMOUTH COLL, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, HANOVER, NH 03755 USA. ARIZONA STATE UNIV, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, TEMPE, AZ 85287 USA. COLUMBIA UNIV, DEPT ASTRON, NEW YORK, NY 10027 USA. COLUMBIA UNIV, DEPT PHYS, NEW YORK, NY 10027 USA. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, DEPT PHYS, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA. CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RP Levenson, NA (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, DEPT ASTRON, 601 CAMPBELL HALL, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. RI Snowden, Steven/D-5292-2012 NR 41 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 1997 VL 484 IS 1 BP 304 EP + DI 10.1086/304334 PN 1 PG 0 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XM780 UT WOS:A1997XM78000030 ER PT J AU Roos, KR Bhutani, R Tringides, MC AF Roos, KR Bhutani, R Tringides, MC TI Inter-layer mass transport in a low-coverage, low island-density regime SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE step edge barrier; diffraction; Ag/Ag(111) ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; GROWTH; AG(111); AG; NUCLEATION; ENERGY; MODEL AB We use Monte Carlo simulations to study inter-layer mass transport during submonolayer epitaxial growth in systems where the ratio of the diffusion coefficient for intra-layer mobility to the deposition flux D/F is very high, such that the average diffusion length is comparable to the average terrace length. Under such growth conditions, there exists a low island-density regime where the scaling relation between the island density N and the ratio D/F breaks down. We employ realistic terrace boundaries in our simulations (i.e. atom capture at ascending steps and a step edge barrier E-s between adjacent substrate terraces at descending steps) to investigate how inter-layer diffusion depends on the D/F ratio in this low island-density regime. Information about the magnitude of E-s call be extracted by analyzing the distribution of deposited atoms among the three possible capture sites: ascending steps, descending steps and nucleated islands. We apply the results of these simulations to the growth of Ag/Ag(111). (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, AMES LAB, AMES, IA 50011 USA. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, AMES, IA 50011 USA. BRADLEY UNIV, DEPT PHYS, PEORIA, IL 61625 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 EI 1879-2758 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD JUL 20 PY 1997 VL 384 IS 1-3 BP 62 EP 69 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(97)00157-X PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA XZ015 UT WOS:A1997XZ01500025 ER PT J AU Land, TA DeYoreo, JJ Lee, JD AF Land, TA DeYoreo, JJ Lee, JD TI An in-situ AFM investigation of canavalin crystallization kinetics SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE atomic force microscopy; biological molecules - proteins; crystallization; epitaxy; models of surface kinetics; solid-liquid interfaces; vicinal single crystal surfaces ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; PROTEIN CRYSTAL-GROWTH; SURFACE-MORPHOLOGY; VICINAL HILLOCKS; VIRUS CRYSTALS; SPIRAL GROWTH; 101 FACE; MECHANISMS; STEP; DIFFUSION AB We present the results of an in-situ atomic force microscopy investigation of the kinetics of canavalin crystal growth. The results show that, depending on the supersaturation, growth occurs on steps of one growth unit in height generated either by simple and complex screw dislocation sources, 2D nucleating islands, or macroclusters which sediment onto the surface before spreading laterally as step bunches. The step velocity of canavalin al three different pHs (pH = 7.0, 7.7 and 8.0 varies linearly with concentration and gives a kinetic coefficient beta which depends strongly on pH, with beta approximate to 2.6 x 10(-3) cm s(-1) at pH 7.3 to beta approximate to 5.8 x 10(-4) cm s(-1) at pH 8.0. Analysis of the velocity of single steps versus that of step bunches created by macroclusters, as well as the occurrence of 2D nucleation on broad terraces, constrains the length scale for diffusion to be of the order of I mm. A simple diffusion analysis is presented which indicates that surface diffusion rather than bulk diffusion is the controlling mechanism iii solute transport to the steps. A demonstration of step homogenization with an exponential time dependence fur step pair decay is presented, and is found to be in qualitative agreement with predictions of the models of Schwoebel and Shipsey and Ehrlich and Hudda [R.L. Schwoebel, E.J. Shipsey, J. Appl. Phys. 37 (1966) 3682: G. Ehrlich, F.G. Hudda, J. Chem. Phys. li (1966) 1039]: showing that the behavior of the system is consistent with a model of surface-diffusion controlled growth coupled with an up-step diffusion bias. The relationship between step speed and terrace width during step homogenization was investigated quantitatively using the model of Gilmer a al. [G.H. Gilmer, R. Ghez, N. Cabrera, J. Crystal Growth 8 (1971) 79]. The best fit to the data is obtained with a surface diffusion length of 0.4-0.9 mu m, and leads to estimates for values of the activation energy for adsorption to the terrace E-ad, and for incorporation at the step E-inc, of 0.27 and < 0.1 eV, respectively. The results of this analysis are compared to those obtained from interferometric measurements on NH4H2PO4 (ADP), a common inorganic crystal, for which the kinetic coefficient is three orders of magnitude larger. The comparison indicates that the main reason for this difference is the slow adsorption rate to the surface for canavalin as compared to ADP. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, DEPT CHEM & MAT SCI, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. NR 50 TC 143 Z9 147 U1 4 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD JUL 20 PY 1997 VL 384 IS 1-3 BP 136 EP 155 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(97)00187-8 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA XZ015 UT WOS:A1997XZ01500032 ER PT J AU Weitering, HH Carpinelli, JM AF Weitering, HH Carpinelli, JM TI Electronic properties of the A/Ge (111) interface SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE adatoms; electron energy loss spectroscopy; germanium; scanning tunneling microscopy; scanning tunneling spectroscopies; semiconducting surfaces; silver; surface relaxation and reconstruction ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; (ROOT(3)X-ROOT(3)R30-DEGREES AG/SI(111) SURFACE; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; 1ST-PRINCIPLES CALCULATIONS; SI(111)2X1 SURFACE; STRUCTURAL MODEL; LOW-TEMPERATURE; BAND-STRUCTURE; RECONSTRUCTION; GE(111) AB When silver is deposited onto Ge(111)c(2 x 8), the interface may undergo a (3 x 1), (4 x 4), (root 3 x root 3)R30 degrees and eventually a (6 x 6) reconstruction. By using a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) in the current-imaging tunneling spectroscopy (CITS) mode, we obtained important new information on the electronic properties of these coexisting reconstructions. The c(2 x 8), (3 x 1) and (4 x 4) reconstructions are non-metallic with tunneling gaps of 0.45, 0.85 and 0.85 eV, respectively, while the (root 3 x root 3)R30 degrees reconstruction is manifestly metallic, Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) data reveal Delta q(parallel to) = 0 excitation gaps which match the tunneling gaps from CITS. In addition. EELS indicates that increasing the Ag density ill the metallic (root 3 x root 3)R30 degrees phase initiates a gradual metal-non-metal transition. This transition is completed with the formation of a high-density (6 x 6) reconstruction with a band gap of 0.18 eV. We propose that the (4 x 4), (root 3 x root 3)R30 degrees and (6 x 6) structures have a Ge trimer unit in common. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV SOLID STATE,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Weitering, HH (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996, USA. NR 56 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD JUL 20 PY 1997 VL 384 IS 1-3 BP 240 EP 253 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(97)00227-6 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA XZ015 UT WOS:A1997XZ01500041 ER PT J AU Chaturvedi, S Rodriguez, JA Hrbek, J AF Chaturvedi, S Rodriguez, JA Hrbek, J TI Cs promoted oxidation of Zn and Cu-Zn surfaces: a combined experimental and theoretical study SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ab initio quantum chemical calculations; alkali metals; cesium; copper; copper oxides; hydrogen; oxygen; surface chemical reaction; water; x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; zinc; zinc oxides ID ALPHA-BRASS FORMATION; ZINC OXIDE CATALYSTS; METHANOL SYNTHESIS CATALYST; METAL-SURFACES; ATOMIC OXYGEN; SYNERGISTIC INTERACTIONS; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; MODEL CATALYSTS; HIGH COVERAGES; COPPER AB The interaction of O-2 with Zn, Cs/Zn and Cs/CuZn surfaces was investigated using photoemission and rib initio self-consistent-field (SCF) calculations. On zinc films, the sticking probability of O-2 is extremely low (10(-3)-10(-2)), and O-2 exposures in the range of 10(3) to 10(4) langmuirs are necessary to produce a significant adsorption of oxygen and the transformation of metallic zinc into zinc oxide. The presence of sub monolayer coverages of cesium enhances the oxidation rate of zinc by -3 orders of magnitude. In the Cs/Zn system, the alkali atom donates electrons to zinc. This charge transfer facilitates the formation of Zn-->O-2 dative bonds and breaking of the O-O bond. For the coadsorption of Cs and O-2 on Zn(001). the larger the electron transfer from Zn into the O-2 (1 pi(g)) orbitals, the bigger the adsorption energy of the molecule and the elongation of the O-O bond. In general, cesium does not promote the oxidation of copper. In the Cs/CuZn system, copper withdraws electrons from zinc. The presence of copper in the Cs/CuZn system inhibits the oxidation of the Zn component compared with the Cs/Zn system by lowering the electron density on the Zn atoms. After exposing the Cs/CuZn system to O-2, zinc is oxidized at a rate that is larger than that found for clean CuZn surfaces and smaller than seen in Cs/Zn surfaces. Molecular hydrogen is found to have no effect on oxidized Cut Zn and CuZn films. However, atomic hydrogen reduces ZnO to metallic zinc and CuO to Cu2O. In the oxidized CuZn alloy, CuO is reduced first followed by the reduction of ZnO, A comparison of the behavior of O-2/Cs/Zn and H2O/Cs/Zn systems shows that while O-2 causes severe oxidation of Cs promoted Zn surfaces, H2O has little or net effect. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, DEPT CHEM, UPTON, NY 11973 USA. RI Hrbek, Jan/I-1020-2013 NR 70 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 EI 1879-2758 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD JUL 20 PY 1997 VL 384 IS 1-3 BP 260 EP 275 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(97)00232-X PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA XZ015 UT WOS:A1997XZ01500043 ER PT J AU Markovic, NM Grgur, BN Lucas, CA Ross, PN AF Markovic, NM Grgur, BN Lucas, CA Ross, PN TI Surface electrochemistry of CO on Pt(110)-(1x2) and Pt(110)-(1x1) surfaces SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Letter DE electrochemical methods; electro-oxidation of CO; hydrogen adsorption; low index single crystal surfaces; surface structure; X-ray scattering ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL ELECTRODES; LOW-INDEX PLATINUM; CARBON-MONOXIDE; KINETIC OSCILLATIONS; STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION; ELECTROOXIDATION; OXIDATION; RECONSTRUCTION; HYDROGEN; ANIONS AB A new type of flame-annealing method has been developed for the preparation of surfaces having either fcc(110)-(1x1) or fcc(110)-(1 x 2) symmetry. In situ X-ray scattering studies show that both the Pt(110)-(1 x 2) and Pt(110)-(1 x 1) surfaces are stable in the potential region between 0 and 1.0 V. Adsorption of CO on the (1 x 2) surface in solution does not induce the (1 x 2)-->(1 x 1) transition that is observed in UHV upon adsorption of CO. Nominally identical saturation coverages of hydrogen (H-upd) and COad are observed on the two surfaces, implying that two H-upd atoms or two COad molecules are adsorbed per unit cell of the reconstructed (1 x 2) surface. A significant increase in the interatomic spacing between the first and second layer of the reconstructed (1 x 2) surface occurs upon hydrogen adsorption to full coverage. Occupation of subsurface sites for H-upd are inferred from this result. The (1 x 2) surface is found to have a much higher catalytic activity for the electro-oxidation of CO; the anodic oxidation of either COad or dissolved COgas occurs at approximate to 0.3 V lower potential on the (1 x 2) than the (1 x 1) surface. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. RP Markovic, NM (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV MAT SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 36 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 3 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD JUL 20 PY 1997 VL 384 IS 1-3 BP L805 EP L814 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(97)00252-5 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA XZ015 UT WOS:A1997XZ01500004 ER PT J AU Harvey, SD Galloway, H Krupsha, A AF Harvey, SD Galloway, H Krupsha, A TI Trace analysis of military high explosives (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) in agricultural crops SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE plant uptake; environmental analysis; trinitrotoluene; hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine; explosives ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PLANTS; WATER AB This study implements procedural modifications to a previously described methodology with the goal of obtaining the lowest possible detection limits for the analysis of the military explosives in a wide variety of plant tissues. The modified methodology analyzes 1.0-g portions of lyophilized material rather than 1.0-g fresh plant tissue as specified by the previous protocol. The method was found to be applicable to a large diversity of agricultural crop species including tomato, corn kernels, corn stover, radish, lettuce, hot peppers, bell peppers, grapes, carrot, alfalfa, bush bean and soybean. In general, detection limits in the low-ng/g (parts-per-billion, w/w) range were achieved for both hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. RP Harvey, SD (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, DEPT CHEM & MAT SCI, POB 999, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JUL 18 PY 1997 VL 775 IS 1-2 BP 117 EP 124 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(97)00227-6 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA XM562 UT WOS:A1997XM56200012 ER PT J AU Magelssen, GR Elling, JW AF Magelssen, GR Elling, JW TI Chromatography pattern recognition of Aroclors using iterative probabilistic neural networks SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE probabilistic neural networks; neural networks; chemometrics; Aroclors; polychlorinated biphenyls ID GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; COMPLEX-MIXTURES; IDENTIFICATION AB The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the application of an iterative probabilistic neural network (PNN) as a classification tool in the analysis of multicomponent environmental samples of Aroclors. The PNN is a neural network implementation of a Bayes classifier. This network is incorporated into an iterative method for classifying Aroclor samples. The performance of the method is demonstrated using experimental gas chromatograms of Aroclors, Aroclor mixtures, and random noise. This technique is compared with standard chromatography data processing procedures and linear regression pattern recognition and found to be more accurate and more sensitive for component identification. The method is appropriate for use in routine environmental screening applications in which the presence or absence of one or more Aroclors must be determined in the presence of interfering signals. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JUL 18 PY 1997 VL 775 IS 1-2 BP 231 EP 242 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(97)00052-6 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA XM562 UT WOS:A1997XM56200023 ER PT J AU Wang, ZQ Yeung, ES AF Wang, ZQ Yeung, ES TI Dual-enzyme assay of glutamate in single cells based on capillary electrophoresis SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Annual Frederick Conference on Capillary Electrophoresis CY OCT 21-23, 1996 CL HOOD COLL CAMPUS, FREDERICK, MD SP SAIC Frederick, Hood Coll Adm HO HOOD COLL CAMPUS DE glutamate; enzymes ID GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID; INDUCED FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION; QUANTITATIVE-DETERMINATION; MICROCOLUMN SEPARATIONS; ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS; HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES; NATIVE PROTEINS; AMINO-ACIDS AB A new dual-enzyme on-column reaction method combined with capillary electrophoresis has been developed for determining the glutamate content in single cells. Glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase were used to catalyze the glutamate reaction. Detection was based on monitoring the laser-induced fluorescence of the reaction product NADH, and the measured fluorescence intensity was related to the concentration of glutamate in each cell. Glutamate dehydrogenase catalyzed the formation of NADH, and glutamic pyruvic transaminase drives the glutamate dehydrogenase reaction by removing a reaction product and regenerating glutamate. The detection limit of glutamate is down to the 10(-8) M level, which is I order of magnitude lower than previously reported detection limits based on similar detection methods. The mass detection limit of a few attomoles is far superior to that of any other reports. Selectivity for glutamate is excellent over most amino acids. The glutamate content in single human erythrocytes and baby rat brain neurons were determined with this method and the results agreed well with literature values. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV,US DOE,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. NR 44 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4347 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD JUL 18 PY 1997 VL 695 IS 1 BP 59 EP 65 DI 10.1016/S0378-4347(97)00101-1 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA XN723 UT WOS:A1997XN72300007 PM 9271129 ER PT J AU Liang, F Navarro, HA Abraham, P Kotian, P Ding, YS Fowler, J Volkow, N Kuhar, MJ Carroll, FI AF Liang, F Navarro, HA Abraham, P Kotian, P Ding, YS Fowler, J Volkow, N Kuhar, MJ Carroll, FI TI Synthesis and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor binding properties of exo-2-(2'-fluoro-5'-pyridinyl)-7-azabicyclo-[2.2.1]heptane: A new positron emission tomography ligand for nicotinic receptors SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID EPIBATIDINE; (+)-EPIBATIDINE; (-)-EPIBATIDINE; (+/-)-EPIBATIDINE; POISON; BRAIN; FROG C1 RES TRIANGLE INST,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. NIDA,ADDICT RES CTR,BALTIMORE,MD 21224. FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS15380] NR 27 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD JUL 18 PY 1997 VL 40 IS 15 BP 2293 EP 2295 DI 10.1021/jm970187d PG 3 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA XL787 UT WOS:A1997XL78700002 PM 9240344 ER PT J AU Hilsenbeck, SJ McCarley, RE Thompson, RK Flanagan, LC Schrader, GL AF Hilsenbeck, SJ McCarley, RE Thompson, RK Flanagan, LC Schrader, GL TI Metal cluster hydrodesulfurization catalysts based on ternary lanthanum molybdenum sulfides SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR CATALYSIS A-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE molybdenum ternary sulfides; hydrodesulfurization; chevrel phase; metal cluster catalysis; catalyst characterization; (FTIR/LRS/XPS/XRD) ID CHEVREL PHASE-COMPOUNDS; PRECURSORS; COMPLEXES AB Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalysis by a new group of reduced ternary molybdenum sulfides involving Mo6S8 clusters has been investigated. A low temperature synthesis route was used to produce LaMoS materials with initial surface areas near 200 m(2)/g. Pretreatment at 200-700 degrees C in flowing H-2 yielded amorphous materials that retained the lower Mo oxidation state characteristic of metal clusters (Mo6S8). Higher temperature pretreatment (800 degrees C) resulted in formation of the corresponding Chevrel phase. The LaMoS materials prepared and pretreated at the lower temperatures had similar thiophene and benzothiophene HDS rates to those for Chevrel phases. After HDS reaction, the surface areas of the catalysts were near 30-50 m(2)/g. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM ENGN,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES LAB,US DOE,AMES,IA 50011. NR 16 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-1169 J9 J MOL CATAL A-CHEM JI J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem. PD JUL 18 PY 1997 VL 122 IS 1 BP 13 EP 24 DI 10.1016/S1381-1169(96)00457-8 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA XM557 UT WOS:A1997XM55700002 ER PT J AU Lillard, SJ Yeung, ES AF Lillard, SJ Yeung, ES TI Temporal and spatial monitoring of exocytosis with native fluorescence imaging microscopy SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE METHODS LA English DT Article DE imaging; serotonin; microscopy; exocytosis release dynamics; mast cells ID MAST-CELLS; CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS; CHROMAFFIN CELLS; CAPACITANCE; GRANULES; RELEASE AB Exocytosis of rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMCs) was monitored temporally and spatially using native fluorescence imaging microscopy with 305-nm laser excitation. Real time chemical images of the relative amounts of serotonin and protein released from each cell are obtained, Individual cells released different amounts of material and the time delay of the release event after stimulation by polymyxin varied from cell to cell. Release consisted of a main burst of activity followed by slow sustained secretion over many seconds. The images show that different regions of a given cell behave asynchronously in releasing material into the surrounding medium. On rare occasions, highly localized fluorescence bursts can be seen in the vicinity of the cell. Presumably, these are due to delayed release of fluorescent mediators from single granules, following detachment of the latter from the cell. These quantitative fluorescence measurements allow one to follow the time-course of the physiologically important parameter---the amount of material that is secreted into the body fluid on stimulation. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,US DOE,DEPT CHEM,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV,US DOE,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. NR 18 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0270 J9 J NEUROSCI METH JI J. Neurosci. Methods PD JUL 18 PY 1997 VL 75 IS 1 BP 103 EP 109 DI 10.1016/S0165-0270(97)00059-9 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA XV090 UT WOS:A1997XV09000016 PM 9262151 ER PT J AU Moore, TE Chappell, CR Chandler, MO Craven, PD Giles, BL Pollock, CJ Burch, JL Young, DT Waite, JH Nordholt, JE Thomsen, MF McComas, DJ Berthelier, JJ Williamson, WS Robson, R Mozer, FS AF Moore, TE Chappell, CR Chandler, MO Craven, PD Giles, BL Pollock, CJ Burch, JL Young, DT Waite, JH Nordholt, JE Thomsen, MF McComas, DJ Berthelier, JJ Williamson, WS Robson, R Mozer, FS TI High-altitude observations of the polar wind SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PLASMA; IONOSPHERE; MAGNETOSPHERE; INSTRUMENT; LOBE AB Plasma outflows, escaping from Earth through the high-altitude polar caps into the tail of the magnetosphere, have been observed with a xenon plasma source instrument to reduce the floating potential of the POLAR spacecraft. The largest component of H+ flow, along the local magnetic field (30 to 60 kilometers per second), is faster than predicted by theory. The flows contain more O+ than predicted by theories of thermal polar wind but also have elevated ion temperatures. These plasma outflows contribute to the plasmas energized in the elongated nightside tail of the magnetosphere, creating auroras, substorms, and storms. They also constitute an appreciable loss of terrestrial water dissociation products into space. C1 SW RES INST,SAN ANTONIO,TX. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM. CTR ETUD TERR & PLANETAIRE,ST MAUR FOSSES,FRANCE. HUGHES RES LABS,MALIBU,CA 90265. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Moore, TE (reprint author), NASA,GEORGE C MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CTR,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35812, USA. RI Moore, Thomas/D-4675-2012 OI Moore, Thomas/0000-0002-3150-1137 NR 18 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 18 PY 1997 VL 277 IS 5324 BP 349 EP 351 DI 10.1126/science.277.5324.349 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XL358 UT WOS:A1997XL35800039 ER PT J AU Klots, CE AF Klots, CE TI Branching ratios in activated systems - Comment SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article RP Klots, CE (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,CHEM PHYS SECT,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUL 17 PY 1997 VL 101 IS 29 BP 5378 EP 5378 DI 10.1021/jp9707293 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA XM059 UT WOS:A1997XM05900027 ER PT J AU Rao, LF Pruski, M King, TS AF Rao, LF Pruski, M King, TS TI Structure and stability of rhodium clusters in NaY studied by NMR and FTIR SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SUPPORTED RHODIUM; ZEOLITE-Y; PROPYLENE HYDROFORMYLATION; HYDROGEN ADSORPTION; METAL-CATALYSTS; CARBON-MONOXIDE; PARTICLE-SIZE; SILICA; SPECTROSCOPY AB Small Rh clusters in NaY zeolite (Rh-c/NaY) produced by oxidation and subsequent reduction of Rh-6(CO)(16)/NaY were studied by NMR, in situ FTIR, and volumetric adsorption of CO and H-2. Hydrogen uptake on bare Rh clusters measured via H-1 NMR was 1.0(+/-0.2) hydrogen per rhodium (H/Rh), while the amount of CO determined volumetrically was 2.56(+/-0.1) CO/Rh. These values are consistent with very high Rh dispersion. Dosing of the Rh clusters with sufficient CO regenerated Rh-6(CO)(16). The catalyst was stable to further oxidation-reduction-CO adsorption treatment cycles. Two resonance peaks were observed in the H-1 NMR spectra of reduced Rh/NaY in the presence of H-2: (i) a resonance at about 2 ppm due to hydrogen associated with the support and (ii) a broader upfield peak assigned to hydrogen adsorbed on Rh clusters. The NMR properties of hydrogen adsorbed on Rh clusters differed considerably from those observed for hydrogen on metallic Rh particles, e.g., particles produced by impregnation on NaY zeolite [Rh(imp)/NaY]. First, the intrinsic shift of the hydrogen adsorbed on Rh clusters was over 100 ppm further upfield than hydrogen adsorbed on catalysts with Rh particles larger than 2 nm. It is suggested that this increased shift reveals the paramagnetic character of Rh clusters. Second, the temperature dependence of this intrinsic shift indicated antiferromagnetic electron spin coupling. In contrast, the NMR shift of hydrogen adsorbed on Rh(imp)/NaY was nearly constant in the same temperature range (similar to 300-500 K). Finally, the second moment analysis showed that hydrogen was rigidly adsorbed on Rh clusters but was mobile on the surface of larger Rh particles. At a hydrogen coverage of 0.65 H/Rh, two hydrogen states on Rh clusters were indicated by this analysis and were proposed to be hydrogen adsorbed at face-bridging sites and edge-bridging sites. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM ENGN,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. NR 57 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 17 PY 1997 VL 101 IS 29 BP 5717 EP 5724 DI 10.1021/jp970971+ PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA XM058 UT WOS:A1997XM05800016 ER PT J AU Garrido, J Compan, V Lopez, ML Miller, DG AF Garrido, J Compan, V Lopez, ML Miller, DG TI Phenomenological equations with observable electric potentials applied to nonequilibrium binary electrolyte solutions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ACTIVITY-COEFFICIENTS; IONIC TRANSPORT; 25-DEGREES-C; SYSTEMS; DENSITY AB The irreversible processes which occur in a binary electrolyte solution are described by a new formalism which uses observable variables. This is based on (i) the relationship of the electrochemical potential of ion constituents to the chemical potential of the electrolyte; (ii) the notion of observable electric potential measured with reversible electrodes; and (iii) the thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The electric potential, the electric charge density, and the Nernst-Planck-Poisson formalism are reviewed in this work. The properties of the new formalism are evidenced by applying it to MgCl2-H2O solutions. C1 UNIV JAUME I,DEPT CIENCIAS EXPT,CASTELLO DE PLANA 12071,SPAIN. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. RP Garrido, J (reprint author), UNIV VALENCIA,DEPT TERMODINAM,E-46100 BURJASSOT,VALENCIA,SPAIN. RI Lopez Peris, Maria Lidon/P-5027-2014; Garrido, Javier/G-2140-2015; OI Lopez Peris, Maria Lidon/0000-0002-9599-8760; Garrido, Javier/0000-0003-3557-017X; Compan, Vicente/0000-0001-8233-7472 NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 17 PY 1997 VL 101 IS 29 BP 5740 EP 5746 DI 10.1021/jp963914+ PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA XM058 UT WOS:A1997XM05800019 ER PT J AU Benson, L Burdett, J Lund, S Kashgarian, M Mensing, S AF Benson, L Burdett, J Lund, S Kashgarian, M Mensing, S TI Nearly synchronous climate change in the Northern Hemisphere during the last glacial termination SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID YOUNGER-DRYAS; CORALS; AGES; CIRCULATION; RECORD AB The climate of the North Atlantic region underwent a series of abrupt cold/warm oscillations when the ice sheets of the Northern Hemisphere retreated during the last glacial termination (17.7-11.5 kyr ago). Evidence for these oscillations, which are recorded in European terrestrial sediments as the Oldest Dryas/Bolling/ Older Dryas/Allerod/Younger Dryas vegetational sequence(1,2), has been found in Greenland ice cores(3,4). The geographical extent of many of these oscillations is not well known(5,6), but the last major cold event (the Younger Dryas) seems to have been global in extent(7-10). Here we present evidence of four major oscillations in the hydrological balance of the Owens basin, California, that occurred during the last glacial termination. Dry events in western North America occurred at approximately the same time as cold events recorded in Greenland ice, with transitions between climate regimes in the two regions taking place within a few hundred years of each other. Our observations thus support recent climate simulations which indicate that cooling of the North Atlantic Ocean results in cooling of the North Pacific Ocean(11) which, in turn, leads to a drier climate in western North America(12). C1 CORNELL UNIV,BOYCE THOMPSON INST 125,CORNELL LAB STABLE ISOTOPE ANAL,ITHACA,NY 14853. UNIV SO CALIF,DEPT EARTH SCI,LOS ANGELES,CA 90089. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. UNIV NEVADA,DEPT GEOG,RENO,NV 89557. RP Benson, L (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,3215 MARINE ST,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Kashgarian, Michaele/E-1665-2011 OI Kashgarian, Michaele/0000-0001-7824-8418 NR 34 TC 103 Z9 110 U1 1 U2 13 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 17 PY 1997 VL 388 IS 6639 BP 263 EP 265 DI 10.1038/40838 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XL121 UT WOS:A1997XL12100047 ER PT J AU Curtright, T Fairlie, D Zachos, C AF Curtright, T Fairlie, D Zachos, C TI Integrable symplectic trilinear interaction terms for matrix membranes SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID INFINITE-DIMENSIONAL ALGEBRAS; QUANTUM-MECHANICS; P-BRANES; SU(INFINITY); EQUATIONS AB Cubic interactions are considered in 3 and 7 space dimensions, respectively, for bosonic membranes in Poisson Bracket form. Their symmetries and vacuum configurations are discussed. Their associated first order equations are transformed to Nahm's equations, and are hence seen to be integrable, for the 3-dimensional case, by virtue of the explicit Lax pair provided. The constructions introduced also apply to commutator or Moyal Bracket analogues. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 CERN,DIV THEORY,CH-1211 GENEVA 23,SWITZERLAND. ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV HIGH ENERGY PHYS,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP Curtright, T (reprint author), UNIV MIAMI,DEPT PHYS,BOX 248046,CORAL GABLES,FL 33124, USA. RI zachos, cosmas/C-4366-2014; Curtright, Thomas/B-6840-2015; OI zachos, cosmas/0000-0003-4379-3875; Curtright, Thomas/0000-0001-7031-5604 NR 41 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 17 PY 1997 VL 405 IS 1-2 BP 37 EP 44 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(97)00551-0 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA XM606 UT WOS:A1997XM60600007 ER PT J AU Shadmi, Y AF Shadmi, Y TI Gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking without fundamental singlets SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article AB The messenger sector of existing models of gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking may be simplified by using a nonrenormalizable superpotential term to couple the vector-like quark and lepton messenger fields to a chiral gauge invariant of the supersymmetry-breaking sector. This eliminates the need for a fundamental singlet and for an additional gauge sector needed to generate appropriate expectation Values for the singlet component fields. This scenario is more natural if the supersymmetry-breaking sector itself involves a non-renormalizable superpotential. Several examples are constructed based on non-renormalizable SU(n) x SU(n-1) supersymmetry-breaking theories. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. RP Shadmi, Y (reprint author), FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,POB 500,BATAVIA,IL 60510, USA. NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 17 PY 1997 VL 405 IS 1-2 BP 99 EP 107 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(97)00619-9 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA XM606 UT WOS:A1997XM60600016 ER PT J AU Gleiser, M Heckler, AF Kolb, EW AF Gleiser, M Heckler, AF Kolb, EW TI Modeling thermal fluctuations: phase mixing and percolation SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article DE nonequilibrium dynamics; symmetry restoration; percolation; scalar field dynamics ID SUBCRITICAL BUBBLES; TRANSITIONS AB We consider the nonequilibrium dynamics of a real scalar held in a double-well potential. The system is initially prepared in one well and coupled to a thermal bath. Using a simple analytical model, we compute the equilibrium fraction of the total volume in each phase as a function of the parameters of the potential. We also show how complete phase mixing, i.e. symmetry restoration, is related to percolation, which is dynamically driven by domain instability. Our method describes quantitatively recent numerical results, and is applicable to systems in the Ising universality class. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,NASA,FERMILAB ASTROPHYS CTR,BATAVIA,IL 60510. RP Gleiser, M (reprint author), DARTMOUTH COLL,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,HANOVER,NH 03755, USA. RI Heckler, Andrew/A-7291-2010 OI Heckler, Andrew/0000-0001-5494-7855 NR 13 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 17 PY 1997 VL 405 IS 1-2 BP 121 EP 125 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(97)00621-7 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA XM606 UT WOS:A1997XM60600019 ER PT J AU Atwood, D Soni, A AF Atwood, D Soni, A TI Beta->eta'+X and the QCD anomaly SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID CHARMLESS B-DECAYS; CP VIOLATION; MESONS AB We propose that the dominant fraction of the B --> eta' + X-s rate is due mainly to b --> sg*, where g* is an off-shell gluon, followed by g* --> g eta' via the anomalous coupling of the eta' to two gluons. The calculated rate for B --> eta' + X-s is in rough accord with experiment using a fairly constant glue-glue-eta' form factor. This behavior of the form factor may be indicative of glueball dominance of the channel. Searches via the modes eta'h(+)h(-) (h = pi or K) may be worthwhile. Implications for B --> eta' + X-d and for the corresponding eta modes are also given. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,THEORY GRP,UPTON,NY 11973. RP Atwood, D (reprint author), CONTINUOUS ELECTRON BEAM ACCELERATOR FACIL CTR,THEORY GRP,NEWPORT NEWS,VA 23606, USA. NR 31 TC 142 Z9 142 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 17 PY 1997 VL 405 IS 1-2 BP 150 EP 156 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(97)00592-3 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA XM606 UT WOS:A1997XM60600023 ER PT J AU Abe, K Akagi, T Anderson, BD Anthony, PL Arnold, RG Averett, T Band, HR Berisso, CM Bogorad, P Borel, H Bosted, PE Breton, V Buenerd, MJ Cates, GD Chupp, TE Churchwell, S Coulter, KP Daoudi, M Decowski, P Erickson, R Fellbaum, JN Fonvieille, H Gearhart, R Ghazikhanian, V Griffioen, KA Hicks, RS Holmes, R Hughes, EW Igo, G Incerti, S Johnson, JR Kahl, W Khayat, M Kolomensky, YG Kuhn, SE Kumar, K Kuriki, M LombardNelsen, R Manley, DM Marroncle, J Maruyama, T Marvin, T Meyer, W Meziani, ZE Miller, D Mitchell, G Olson, M Peterson, GA Petratos, GG Pitthan, R Prepost, R Raines, P Raue, BA Reyna, D Rochester, LS Rock, SE Romalis, MV Sabatie, F Shapiro, G Shaw, J Smith, TB Sorrell, L Souder, PA Staley, F StLorant, S Stuart, LM Suekane, F Szalata, ZM Terrien, Y Thompson, AK Toole, T Wang, X Watson, JW Welsh, RC Wesselmann, FR Wright, T Young, CC Youngman, B Yuta, H Zhang, WM Zyla, P AF Abe, K Akagi, T Anderson, BD Anthony, PL Arnold, RG Averett, T Band, HR Berisso, CM Bogorad, P Borel, H Bosted, PE Breton, V Buenerd, MJ Cates, GD Chupp, TE Churchwell, S Coulter, KP Daoudi, M Decowski, P Erickson, R Fellbaum, JN Fonvieille, H Gearhart, R Ghazikhanian, V Griffioen, KA Hicks, RS Holmes, R Hughes, EW Igo, G Incerti, S Johnson, JR Kahl, W Khayat, M Kolomensky, YG Kuhn, SE Kumar, K Kuriki, M LombardNelsen, R Manley, DM Marroncle, J Maruyama, T Marvin, T Meyer, W Meziani, ZE Miller, D Mitchell, G Olson, M Peterson, GA Petratos, GG Pitthan, R Prepost, R Raines, P Raue, BA Reyna, D Rochester, LS Rock, SE Romalis, MV Sabatie, F Shapiro, G Shaw, J Smith, TB Sorrell, L Souder, PA Staley, F StLorant, S Stuart, LM Suekane, F Szalata, ZM Terrien, Y Thompson, AK Toole, T Wang, X Watson, JW Welsh, RC Wesselmann, FR Wright, T Young, CC Youngman, B Yuta, H Zhang, WM Zyla, P TI Next-to-leading order QCD analysis of polarized deep inelastic scattering data SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID SPIN STRUCTURE-FUNCTION; DEPENDENT PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; STRUCTURE-FUNCTION G1(X); R=SIGMA-L/SIGMA-T; BJORKEN SUM-RULE; E-P; PRECISION-MEASUREMENT; ELECTRON-SCATTERING; PROTON; DEUTERON AB We present a next-to-leading order perturbative QCD analysis of world data on the spin dependent structure functions g(l)(p), g(l)(n), and g(l)(d), including the new experimental information on the Q(2) dependence of g(l)(n). Careful attention is paid to the experimental and theoretical uncertainties. The data constrain the first moments of the polarized valence quark distributions, but only qualitatively constrain the polarized sea quark and gluon distributions. The NLO results are used to determine the Q(2) dependence of the ratio g(l)/F-l and evolve the experimental data to a constant Q(2) = 5 GeV2. We determine the first moments of the polarized structure functions of the proton and neutron and find agreement with the Bjorken sum rule. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 UNIV CLERMONT FERRAND,LPC IN2P3,CNRS,F-63170 AUBIERE,FRANCE. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. CALTECH,PASADENA,CA 91125. CEA SACLAY,DAPNIA,SPHN,F-91191 GIF SUR YVETTE,FRANCE. KENT STATE UNIV,KENT,OH 44242. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,AMHERST,MA 01003. UNIV MICHIGAN,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NORTHWESTERN UNIV,EVANSTON,IL 60201. OLD DOMINION UNIV,NORFOLK,VA 23529. UNIV PENN,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. PRINCETON UNIV,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. SMITH COLL,NORTHAMPTON,MA 01063. SO OREGON STATE COLL,ASHLAND,OR 97520. STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94309. SYRACUSE UNIV,SYRACUSE,NY 13210. TEMPLE UNIV,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19122. TOHOKU UNIV,SENDAI,MIYAGI 980,JAPAN. COLL WILLIAM & MARY,WILLIAMSBURG,VA 23187. UNIV WISCONSIN,MADISON,WI 53706. INST NUCL SCI,IN2P3,CNRS,F-38026 GRENOBLE,FRANCE. RUHR UNIV BOCHUM,D-44780 BOCHUM,GERMANY. RP Abe, K (reprint author), AMERICAN UNIV,WASHINGTON,DC 20016, USA. RI Averett, Todd/A-2969-2011; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Sabatie, Franck/K-9066-2015; OI Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Sabatie, Franck/0000-0001-7031-3975; Wesselmann, Frank/0000-0001-7834-7977; Kumar, Krishna/0000-0001-5318-4622; Incerti, Sebastien/0000-0002-0619-2053 NR 76 TC 127 Z9 127 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 17 PY 1997 VL 405 IS 1-2 BP 180 EP 190 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(97)00641-2 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA XM606 UT WOS:A1997XM60600027 ER PT J AU Morgan, AE Horan, B Dewey, SL Ashby, CR AF Morgan, AE Horan, B Dewey, SL Ashby, CR TI Repeated administration of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine augments cocaine's action on dopamine in the nucleus accumbens: A microdialysis study SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine); dopamine; cocaine ID SEROTONIN; MDMA AB In this study, we examined the ability of a single injection of cocaine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) to augment extracellular dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens two weeks after pretreating rats with either saline (1 ml/kg, i.p.) or the serotonin neurotoxin 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (20 mg/kg, s.c., twice daily for 4 days). The level of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens was measured using in vivo microdialysis. Cocaine produced a 400% increase in extracellular nucleus accumbens dopamine levels in control rats, whereas in 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine treated rats the increase produced by cocaine was 800%, which was significantly different from controls. This suggests that 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, a relatively common drug of abuse, may alter subsequent vulnerability to cocaine dependence and abuse. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 ST JOHNS UNIV,COLL PHARM & ALLIED HLTH PROFESS,PHS DEPT,JAMAICA,NY 11439. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM,UPTON,NY 11973. FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH 49165, MH R29 55155] NR 7 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2999 J9 EUR J PHARMACOL JI Eur. J. Pharmacol. PD JUL 16 PY 1997 VL 331 IS 1 BP R1 EP R3 DI 10.1016/S0014-2999(97)01035-2 PG 3 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA XP695 UT WOS:A1997XP69500015 PM 9274936 ER PT J AU Boyle, TJ Alam, TM Mechenbier, ER Scott, BL Ziller, JW AF Boyle, TJ Alam, TM Mechenbier, ER Scott, BL Ziller, JW TI Titanium(IV) neopentoxides. X-ray structures of Ti-3(mu(3)-Cl)(mu-OCH2CMe3)(3)(OCH2CMe3)(6) and [Ti(mu-OCH2CMe3)(OCH2CMe3)(3)](2) SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; OXO CLUSTER COMPOUNDS; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURES; METAL ALKOXIDES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; COMPLEXES; NMR; PRECURSORS; SPECTROSCOPY; CHEMISTRY AB Attempts to synthesize titanium(IV) neopentoxide led to two unique products which were crystallographically characterized. A metathesis reaction between TiCl4 and NaOCH2CMe3 (NaONp) yielded Ti-3(O)(Cl)(ONp)(9) . C7H8, 1, which adopts a standard M-3(mu(3)-X)(2)(mu-X)(3)X-6 structure. The mu(3) ligands are a Cl and an O atom, with the lest of ligands represented by bridging and terminal ONp ligands. [Ti(ONp)(4)](2), 2, was isolated in high yield by an alcoholysis exchange between Ti(OPri)(4) and HONp. 2 adopts a typical M-2(mu-X)(2)(X)(6) fused axial-equatorial edge-shared geometry, wherein each metal center is 5 coordinated. On the basis of molecular weight solution studies and H-1, C-13, O-17 (natural abundance), and Ti-47,Ti-49 solution and solid-state NMR investigations, 2 was determined to be a monomer in solution. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CST 18,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL DIV,XRAY DIFFRACT LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. UNIV CALIF IRVINE,DEPT CHEM,XRAY DIFFRACT LAB,IRVINE,CA 92717. RP Boyle, TJ (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,ADV MAT LAB,1001 UNIV BLVD SE,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87106, USA. RI Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017 OI Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396 NR 73 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JUL 16 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 15 BP 3293 EP 3300 DI 10.1021/ic960924g PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA XL588 UT WOS:A1997XL58800014 ER PT J AU Butts, MD Bryan, JC Luo, XL Kubas, GJ AF Butts, MD Bryan, JC Luo, XL Kubas, GJ TI Comparison of H-H versus Si-H sigma-bond coordination and activation on 16e metal fragments. Organosilane, N-2, and ethylene addition to the agostic complex W(CO)(3)(PR3)(2) and dynamic NMR behavior of the latter SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN COMPLEXES; INELASTIC-NEUTRON-SCATTERING; RAY CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; TRANSITION-METALS; TUNGSTEN COMPLEXES; C-H; OXIDATIVE ADDITION; DINITROGEN COMPLEXES; DIHYDROGEN LIGAND; PHOTOCHEMICAL-SYNTHESIS AB Variable-temperature P-31{H-1} NMR spectroscopy of the agostic complexes M(CO)(3)(PCy3)(2) (M = Mo, W) indicates dynamic behavior as evidenced by collapse below -20 degrees C of a singlet to an AB signal plus a shifted singlet. The inequivalency of the phosphines is possibly due to the presence of conformational isomers resulting from hindered rotation of the M-P bond or, less likely, a geometric isomer with pseudo-cis PCy3 ligands. Further studies on the coordination chemistry of W(CO)(3)(PR3)(2) (R = iPr, Cy) were performed. The bridging dinitrogen complex [W(CO)(3)(PiPr(3))(2)](2)(mu-N-2) (1) was cleanly formed in the reaction of W(CO)(3)(PiPr(3))(2) with N-2. Complex 1 was structurally characterized and compared with other bridging dinitrogen compounds of tungsten. The ethylene complex W(CO)(3)(PCy3)(2)(eta(2)-C2H4) (2) was synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography in order to compare the binding mode of ethylene with that of H-2. Phenylsilane reacted with W(CO)(3)(PR3)(2) (R = iPr, Cy) to form the thermally unstable oxidative addition (OA) products WH(SiH2Ph)(CO)(3)(PR3)(2) (3, R = Cy; 4, R = iPr). Diphenylsilane reacted with W(CO)(3)(PiPr(3))(2) at 60 degrees C to form the bridging silyl species [W(CO)(3)(PiPr(3))-(mu-SiHPh2)](2) (5), which was confirmed by spectroscopic techniques and X-ray crystallography to have two 3-center 2-electron W ... H ... Si interactions. Detailed comparisons of the binding and activation of silanes versus H-2 on various 16e metal centers suggest a high degree of similarity, but relative ease of OA depends on the electrophilicity of the metal-ligand fragment and other factors such as bond energetics. Increasing the electrophilicity of the metal center (e.g., adding positive charge) may aid in stabilizing alkane coordination. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, CHEM SCI & TECHNOL DIV, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. NR 146 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 EI 1520-510X J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JUL 16 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 15 BP 3341 EP 3353 DI 10.1021/ic960870a PG 13 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA XL588 UT WOS:A1997XL58800021 ER PT J AU Schultz, AJ Hitchman, MA Jorgensen, JD Lukin, S Radaelli, PG Simmons, CJ Stratemeier, H AF Schultz, AJ Hitchman, MA Jorgensen, JD Lukin, S Radaelli, PG Simmons, CJ Stratemeier, H TI Hysteresis of the pressure-induced Jahn-Teller switch in deuterated ammonium copper(II) Tutton salt, (ND4)(2)[Cu(D2O)(6)](SO4)(2) SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; COMPLEXES AB A pressure-induced phase change in the title compound involving a Jahn-Teller switch is observed at an applied pressure of similar to 200-250 bar at room temperature by both neutron diffraction and EPR spectroscopy. The transition reverses upon lowering the pressure with a hysteresis of about 100 bar. The single-crystal EPR spectra exhibit signals due to individual molecules in the low-pressure phase which become exchange-averaged in the high-pressure phase up to at least 600 bar in the case of the single-crystal measurements, and diverge at about 1 kbar as shown in previous powder measurements. C1 UNIV TASMANIA,DEPT CHEM,HOBART,TAS 7001,AUSTRALIA. ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. UKRAINIAN ACAD SCI,UA-340114 DONETSK,UKRAINE. DONETSK PHYSICOTECH INST,UA-340114 DONETSK,UKRAINE. BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV,DIV MATH & SCI,LAIE,HI 96762. RP Schultz, AJ (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,INTENSE PULSED NEUTRON SOURCE,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. RI Radaelli, Paolo/C-2952-2011 OI Radaelli, Paolo/0000-0002-6717-035X NR 14 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JUL 16 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 15 BP 3382 EP & DI 10.1021/ic970028k PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA XL588 UT WOS:A1997XL58800027 ER PT J AU Austin, RE Maplestone, RA Sefler, AM Liu, K Hruzewicz, WN Liu, CW Cho, HS Wemmer, DE Bartlett, PA AF Austin, RE Maplestone, RA Sefler, AM Liu, K Hruzewicz, WN Liu, CW Cho, HS Wemmer, DE Bartlett, PA TI Template for stabilization of a peptide alpha-helix: Synthesis and evaluation of conformational effects by circular dichroism and NMR SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SECONDARY STRUCTURE FORMATION; N-TERMINAL TEMPLATES; MODEL-FREE APPROACH; RELAXATION MEASUREMENTS; BACKBONE DYNAMICS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; (2S,5S,8S,11S)-1-ACETYL-1,4-DIAZA-3-KETO-5-CARBOXY-10-THIATRICYCLO<2.8.1 .04,8>-.; COUPLING-CONSTANTS; CHEMICAL-SHIFT AB The bicyclic diacid 1 was designed as a semi-rigid template for the hydrogen-bonding pattern of a peptide alpha-helix. The protected precursor 7 was synthesized in eight steps from tert-butyl 3,5-dimethoxybenzoate and linked to L-alanine and L-lactic acid to provide derivatives appropriate for coupling to a peptide. Both the amide 8-N and the ester 12-O were obtained in each of the four diastereomeric forms. The structure of R,R-8-N was determined by X-ray crystallography, which facilitated assignment of the diastereomers and confirmed the intended conformational effects of the quaternary methyl groups. The bicyclic amide and ester derivatives were appended to the peptide EALAKA-NH2, and their influence on the conformation was evaluated in aqueous solution using circular dichroism and NMR. The amide analogs have only a slight effect on the appended peptide, whereas the ester-linked template in S,S-9-O induces 32-50% helical character at 23 degrees C and 49-77% at 0 degrees C, depending on the method of determination; significant helical character persists even at 70 degrees C. The ability of the template 1 to induce the helical conformation is related to its structural and electronic complementarity to the N-terminus of the peptide; templating ability disappears when the carboxylate in S,S-9-O is protonated, and it is not observed in the dimethylamide S,S-9-N-a. The structural and dynamical properties of conjugate S,S-9-O were studied by NMR and compared with those of the acetylated heptapeptide 13. The dispersion and temperature dependence of amide hydrogen chemical shifts and the pattern observed for intra- and inter-residue nuclear Overhauser enhancements are all consistent with a significant population of helical conformers within the conformational ensemble of conjugate S,S-9-O, in contrast to the unstructured peptide 13. The generalized order parameter S-2 was derived for each residue from the N-15 T-1 and T-2 relaxation rate constants and H-1-N-15 heteronuclear NOEs determined for the N-15-labeled derivative of S,S-9-O; these parameters demonstrate a high degree of conformational rigidity along the peptide chain at 4 degrees C, with relative motion increasing for the C-terminal residues. These data are consistent with the chiroptical studies and demonstrate that the template is exceptionally effective in inducing helical behavior in an appended peptide. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT CHEM,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,STRUCT BIOL DIV,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 69 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 16 PY 1997 VL 119 IS 28 BP 6461 EP 6472 DI 10.1021/ja964231a PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XL343 UT WOS:A1997XL34300002 ER PT J AU Clark, DL Gordon, JC Scott, BL Watkin, JG AF Clark, DL Gordon, JC Scott, BL Watkin, JG TI Iodobis(pyridine-N)bis(eta(5)-trimethylsilylcyclopentadienyl)neodymium SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-CRYSTAL STRUCTURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; CRYSTAL; COMPLEXES AB The title complex, [NdI(C8H13Si)(2)(C5H5N)(2)], adopts a typical bent bis(cyclopentadienyl) geometry with one iodide and two pyridine ligands occupying the plane between the cyclopentadienyl moieties. Principal bond lengths include Nd-I 3.1483 (4), Nd-N 2.740(3) and Nd-C 2.715 (4)-2.824 (3) Angstrom. RP Clark, DL (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL DIV,MAIL STOP G739,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. RI Clark, David/A-9729-2011; Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017 OI Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0108-2701 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR C JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. C-Cryst. Struct. Commun. PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 53 BP 850 EP 852 DI 10.1107/S0108270196014552 PN 7 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA XN462 UT WOS:A1997XN46200011 ER PT J AU Young, DM Schultz, AJ Kini, AM Williams, JM AF Young, DM Schultz, AJ Kini, AM Williams, JM TI Isotopically substituted bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene at 15 K by time-of-flight neutron diffraction SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-CRYSTAL STRUCTURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL AB The title compound, C10D8S8, (ET), has been synthesized whereby all eight S atoms, the four ethylene C atoms and all eight H atoms have been isotopically substituted with S-34, C-13, and H-2, respectively. Analysis of the neutron scattering lengths derived from single-crystal time-of-flight neutron diffraction data obtained at T = 15 K confirms the isotopic distribution. The title phase crystallizes in the space group P2(1)/n with bond lengths and angles consistent with neutral ET. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM,ARGONNE,IL 60439. ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP Young, DM (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,INTENSE PULSED NEUTRON SOURCE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. RI Kini, Aravinda/F-4467-2012 NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0108-2701 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR C JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. C-Cryst. Struct. Commun. PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 53 BP 961 EP 963 DI 10.1107/S0108270197003077 PN 7 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA XN462 UT WOS:A1997XN46200062 ER PT J AU Wang, J Lu, JM Luo, DB Wang, JY Jiang, M Tian, BM Olsen, K AF Wang, J Lu, JM Luo, DB Wang, JY Jiang, M Tian, BM Olsen, K TI Renewable-reagent electrochemical sensor for monitoring trace metal contaminants SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ADSORPTIVE STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRY; NATURAL-WATERS; ELECTRODES; DIALYSIS AB This work extends the concept of in situ electrochemical stripping sensors to environmentally important metals that are not readily accumulated by amalgamation. A renewable-reagent sensor has thus been designed to accommodate the complex formation and adsorptive accumulation steps of adsorptive stripping protocols. Such flow probe relies on the delivery of a ligand solution through a microdialysis sampling tube and transport of the resulting complex to a downstream adsorptive stripping detector. The integrated membrane sampling/adsorptive stripping sensor is characterized, optimized, and tested in connection with the monitoring of trace uranium and nickel using the propyl gallate and dimethylglyoxime chelating agents, respectively. Experimental variables, including the reagent delivery rate and ligand concentration, are explored. The microdialysis sampling step minimizes the interference of surface-active macromolecules and extends the linear dynamic range compared to conventional adsorptive stripping measurements. Detection limits of 1.5 x 10(-8) M nickel and 4.2 x 10(-8) M uranium are obtained following 5- and 20-min adsorption times. A relative standard deviation of 1.7% is obtained for prolonged operations of 20 runs. The applicability to assays of river water and groundwater samples is demonstrated. The renewable-reagent adsorptive stripping sensor holds great promise for remote monitoring of various trace metals (via a judicious selection of the ligand). C1 BATTELLE PNL,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI,RICHLAND,WA 99352. RP Wang, J (reprint author), NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003, USA. RI Wang, Joseph/C-6175-2011 NR 23 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 69 IS 14 BP 2640 EP 2645 DI 10.1021/ac970022c PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA XK121 UT WOS:A1997XK12100005 ER PT J AU Vaidya, B Porter, MD Utterback, MD Bartsch, RA AF Vaidya, B Porter, MD Utterback, MD Bartsch, RA TI Selective determination of cadmium in water using a chromogenic crown ether in a mixed micellar solution SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SODIUM DODECYL-SULFATE; BROMIDE; SURFACTANTS AB The chromogenic crown either N,N'-bis(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)-4,13-diazadibenzo-18-crown-6 (CCE) has been solubilized in a mixed micellar solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate and cetyl pyridinium chloride and tested for the selective determination of heavy metals ions. The optical properties, acid-base equilibria, and metal ion binding capabilities of the micellar-solubilized CCE for Ba(II), Ca(II), Cd(II), Cu(II), Hg(II), Pb(II), and Sr(II) are reported. Results show that the micellar-solubilized CCE binds Hg(II) similar to Cd(II) > Ca(II) > Sr(II), whereas the presence of Pb(II) and Ba(II) leads to precipitate formation. There was no detectable binding with Cu(II). Based on these results, a spectrophotometric determination for Cd(II) that utilizes chloride ions to mask Hg(II) has been devised and evaluated. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV, DEPT CHEM, AMES, IA 50011 USA. US DOE, AMES LAB, MICROANALYT INSTRUMENTAT CTR, AMES, IA 50011 USA. TEXAS TECH UNIV, DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM, LUBBOCK, TX 79409 USA. NR 22 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 69 IS 14 BP 2688 EP 2693 DI 10.1021/ac970157i PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA XK121 UT WOS:A1997XK12100012 ER PT J AU Holt, BD Sturchio, NC Abrajano, TA Heraty, LJ AF Holt, BD Sturchio, NC Abrajano, TA Heraty, LJ TI Conversion of chlorinated volatile organic compounds to carbon dioxide and methyl chloride for isotopic analysis of carbon and chlorine SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB A nonaqueous, high-temperature method is described for converting micromole quantities of chlorinated volatile organic compounds to CO2 and CH3Cl for C and Cl isotope ratio determinations. This method provides an improved analytical approach for using C and CI isotope ratios in studies of the biodegradation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds in the environment. Conversion of reagent CH3Cl to CO2 + CuCl and then conversion of the CuCl back to CH3Cl by the present method gives typical yields of 99 +/- 1% for CO2 and 91 +/- 1% for CH3Cl, both products of >99% purity. An offset of -0.23 +/- 0.05 parts per thousand is observed between the Cl-37/Cl-35 ratios of product and initial CH3Cl. Precision of the isotopic ratio measurements is better than +/- 0.1 parts per thousand for a variety of chlorinated volatile organic compounds. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM RES,ARGONNE,IL 60439. ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM TECHNOL,ARGONNE,IL 60439. MEM UNIV NEWFOUNDLAND,DEPT EARTH SCI,ST JOHNS,NF A1B 3X5,CANADA. NR 12 TC 87 Z9 94 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 69 IS 14 BP 2727 EP 2733 DI 10.1021/ac961096b PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA XK121 UT WOS:A1997XK12100017 ER PT J AU Simmons, NJ Porter, MD AF Simmons, NJ Porter, MD TI Long optical path length cell for thin-layer spectroelectrochemistry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROCHEMICAL-CELL; INFRARED SPECTROELECTROCHEMISTRY; TRANSPARENT ELECTRODES; CETYLPYRIDINIUM BROMIDE; GLASSY-CARBON; PLATINUM; QUANTITATION; COMPLEXES; GOLD AB This paper describes the design acid construction of a thin-layer spectroelectrochemical cell with a long optical path length. This cuvette-based cell, which can be reproducibly filled by capillary action, facilitates the use of metal thin-film electrodes such as those constructed on Glass, silicon, and mica substrates. Electrochemical and. spectroscopic data are presented that demonstrate the thin-layer behavior of the cell and other important performance characteristics (e.g., optical sensitivity, electrolysis time, and oxygen exclusion capability). C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES LAB,US DOE,MICROANALYT INSTRUMENTAT CTR,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM,AMES,IA 50011. NR 42 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 69 IS 14 BP 2866 EP 2869 DI 10.1021/ac970165z PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA XK121 UT WOS:A1997XK12100037 ER PT J AU Utschig, LM Greenfield, SR Tang, J Laible, PD Thurnauer, MC AF Utschig, LM Greenfield, SR Tang, J Laible, PD Thurnauer, MC TI Influence of iron-removal procedures on sequential electron transfer in photosynthetic bacterial reaction centers studied by transient EPR spectroscopy SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES R-26; SUBSTITUTED REACTION CENTERS; REACTION-CENTER PROTEIN; TIME-RESOLVED EPR; HIGH-FIELD EPR; SPIN POLARIZATION; RHODOPSEUDOMONAS-SPHAEROIDES; H-SUBUNIT; PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; QUINONE ACCEPTOR AB Electron spin polarized electron paramagentic resonance (ESP EPR) spectra were obtained with deuterated iron-removed photosynthetic bacterial reaction centers (RCs) to specifically investigate the effect of the rate of primary charge separation, metal-site occupancy, and W-subunit content on the observed P(865)(+)Q(A)(-) charge-separated state. Fe-removed and Zn-substituted RCs from Rb. sphaeroides R-26 were prepared by refined procedures, and specific electron transfer rates (k(Q)) from the intermediate acceptor H- to the primary acceptor Q(A) of (200 ps)(-1) vs (3-6 ns)(-1) were observed, Correlation of the transient EPR and optical results shows that the observed slow k(Q) rate in Fe-removed RCs is H-subunit-independent, and, in some cases, independent of Fe-site occupancy as Zn2+ substitution does not ensure retention of the native k(Q). In addition, shifts in the optical spectrum of P-865 and differences in the high-field region of the Q-band ESP spectrum for Fe-removed RCs with slow k(Q) indicate possible structural changes near P-865. The experimental X-band and Q-band spin-polarized EPR spectra for deuterated Fe-removed RCs where k(Q) is at least 15-fold slower at room temperature than the (200 ps)(-1) rate observed for native Fe-containing RCs have different relative amplitudes and small g-value shifts compared to the spectra of Zn-RCs which have a k(Q) unchanged from native RCs. These differences reflect the trends in polarization predicted From the sequential electron transfer polarization (SETP) model [Morris et al. (1995) J. Phys. Chem. 99, 3854-3866; Tang et al.(1996) Chem, Phys. Lett. 253, 293-298], Thus, SETP modeling of these highly resolved ESP spectra obtained with well-characterized proteins will provide definitive information about any light-induced structural changes of P-865, H, and Q(A) that occur upon formation of The P(865)(+)Q(A)(-) charge-separated state. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM D200,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RI Tang, Jau/D-8382-2012 OI Tang, Jau/0000-0003-2078-1513 NR 57 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 28 BP 8548 EP 8558 DI 10.1021/bi9630319 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA XK856 UT WOS:A1997XK85600015 PM 9214300 ER PT J AU Rowley, JD Reshmi, S Sobulo, O Musvee, T Anastasi, J Raimondi, S Schneider, NR Barredo, JC Cantu, ES Schlegelberger, B Behm, F Doggett, NA Borrow, J ZeleznikLe, N AF Rowley, JD Reshmi, S Sobulo, O Musvee, T Anastasi, J Raimondi, S Schneider, NR Barredo, JC Cantu, ES Schlegelberger, B Behm, F Doggett, NA Borrow, J ZeleznikLe, N TI All patients with the T(11;16)(q23;p13.3) that involves MLL and CBP have treatment-related hematologic disorders SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID ACUTE MYELOID-LEUKEMIA; ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC-LEUKEMIA; INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; THERAPY; CHROMOSOME; IDENTIFICATION; CHILDREN; 11Q23; T(8 AB The involvement of 11q23-balanced translocations in acute leukemia after treatment with drugs that inhibit the function of DNA topoisomerase II (topo II) is being recognized with increasing frequency. We and others have shown that the gene at 11q23 that is involved in all of these treatment-related leukemias is MLL (also called ALL1 Htrx, and HRX). In general, the translocations in these leukemias are the same as those occurring in de novo leukemia [eg, t(9;11), t(11;19), and t(4;11)], with the treatment-related leukemias accounting for no more than 5% to 10% of any particular translocation type. We have cloned the t(11;16)(q23p13.3) and have shown that it involves MLL and CBP (CREB binding protein). The CBP gene was recently identified as a partner gene in the t(8;16) that occurs in acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AML-M4) de novo and rarely in treatment-related acute myeloid leukemia. We have studied eight t(11;16) patients, all of whom had prior therapy with drugs targetting topo II with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using a probe for MLL and a cosmid contig covering the CBP gene. Both probes were split in ail eight patients and the two derivative (der) chromosomes were each labelled with both probes. Use of an approximately 100-kb PAC located at the breakpoint of chromosome 16 from one patient revealed some variability in the breakpoint because it was on the der(ls) in three patients, on the der(11) in another, and split in four others. We assume that the critical fusion gene is 5'MLL/3'CBP. Our series of patients is unusual because three of them presented with a myelodysplastic syndrome (NIBS) most similar to chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMMoL) and one other had dyserythropoiesis; MDS is rarely seen in 11q23 translocations either de novo or with t-AML. Using FISH and these same probes to analyze the lineage of bone marrow cells from one patient with CMMoL, we showed that all the mature monocytes contained the fusion genes as did some of the granulocytes and erythroblasts; none of the lymphocytes contained the fusion gene. The function of MLL is not well understood, but many domains could target the MLL protein to particular chromatin complexes. CBP is an adapter protein that is involved in regulating transcription. It is also involved in histone acetylation, which is thought to contribute to an increased level of gene expression. The fusion gene could alter the CBP protein such that it is constitutively active; alternatively, it could modify the chromatin-association functions of MLL. (C) 1997 by The American Society of Hematology. C1 UNIV CHICAGO, MED CTR, DEPT PATHOL, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA. ST JUDE CHILDRENS RES HOSP, MEMPHIS, TN 38105 USA. UNIV TEXAS, SW MED CTR, DEPT PATHOL, DALLAS, TX USA. MED UNIV S CAROLINA, CHARLESTON, SC USA. CHRISTIAN ALBRECHTS UNIV KIEL, DEPT HUMAN GENET, KIEL, GERMANY. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, DIV LIFE SCI, LOS ALAMOS, NM USA. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, CTR HUMAN GENOME STUDIES, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. MIT, CTR CANC RES, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA. RP Rowley, JD (reprint author), UNIV CHICAGO, MED CTR,DEPT MED,HEMATOL ONCOL SECT, 5841 S MARYLAND AVE, MC2115, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA42557, CA72734] NR 24 TC 178 Z9 180 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 90 IS 2 BP 535 EP 541 PG 7 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA XL774 UT WOS:A1997XL77400005 PM 9226152 ER PT J AU Burgman, P Ouyang, HH Peterson, S Chen, DJ Li, GC AF Burgman, P Ouyang, HH Peterson, S Chen, DJ Li, GC TI Heat inactivation of Ku autoantigen: Possible role in hyperthermic radiosensitization SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE; BREAK REPAIR-DEFICIENT; ELEMENT-BINDING FACTOR; V(D)J RECOMBINATION; DNA-REPAIR; CATALYTIC SUBUNIT; SINGLE-STRAND; CELLS; MUTANT; GENE AB Heat shock prior, during, or immediately after ionizing radiation synergistically increases cell killing, a phenomenon termed hyperthermic radiosensitization, Recently, we have shown a constitutive DNA-binding factor in rodent cells that is inactivated by heat shock to be identical to Ku autoantigen. Ku, consisting of an M-r 70,000 (Ku70) and an M-r 86,000 (Ku80) subunit, is a heterodimeric nuclear protein and is the DNA-binding regulatory component of the mammalian DNA-dependent protein kinase DNA-PK. Recent genetic and biochemical studies indicate the involvement of Ku and DNA-PK in DNA double-strand break repair and V(D)J recombination. On the basis of these findings, we propose that heat-induced loss of the DNA-binding activity of Ku may lead to hyperthermic radiosensitization, To test this hypothesis, we examined and compared the DNA-binding activity of Ku, the DNA-PK kinase activity, and hyperthermic radiosensitization in rodent cells immediately after heat shock and during post-heat shock recovery at 37 degrees C. Our results show that the heat-induced loss of Ku-DNA binding activity correlates well with an increased radiosensitivity of the heat-shocked cells, and furthermore, the loss of synergistic interaction between heat and radiation parallels the recovery of the DNA-binding activity of Ku. On the other hand, the heat-induced decrease of DNA-PK activity did not correlate with hyperthermic radiosensitization. Our data, for the first time, provide evidence for a role of Ku protein in modulating the cellular response to combined treatments of heat shock and ionizing radiation. C1 MEM SLOAN KETTERING CANC CTR,DEPT MED PHYS,NEW YORK,NY 10021. MEM SLOAN KETTERING CANC CTR,DEPT RADIAT ONCOL,NEW YORK,NY 10021. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA31397, CA50519, CA56909] NR 23 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 57 IS 14 BP 2847 EP 2850 PG 4 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA XL162 UT WOS:A1997XL16200008 PM 9230187 ER PT J AU Smith, LM Birrer, MJ Stampfer, MR Brown, PH AF Smith, LM Birrer, MJ Stampfer, MR Brown, PH TI Breast cancer cells have lower activating protein 1 transcription factor activity than normal mammary epithelial cells SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS; EPIDERMAL GROWTH-FACTOR; C-JUN; FOS GENE; INDUCED TRANSFORMATION; BINDING AFFINITIES; PHORBOL ESTERS; AP-1 ACTIVITY; DNA-BINDING; EXPRESSION AB To determine whether normal breast cells have different levels of activating protein 1 (AP-1) expression and activation relative to breast cancer cells, we have compared the level of c-Jun and c-Fos expression and AP-1 activity in human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs) at different stages of transformation (normal proliferating (HMECs, immortal HMECs, oncogene-transformed HMECs, and breast cancer cell lines). These studies demonstrated that normal and immortal HMECs have a high basal level of expression of cJun and cFos and higher AP-1 DNA-binding and transcriptional activating activities than do oncogene-transformed HMECs or human breast cancer cells, with a gradual decrease in AP-1 transactivating activity as cells progress through the carcinogenesis pathway (normal > immortal > oncogene-transformed > cancer cell lines). The AP-1 activity in normal or immortal cells was not modulated by growth factor supplementation or oncogene overexpression, as it is in breast cancer cells. However, the addition of suramin, a nonspecific growth factor antagonist, did inhibit. AP-1 in these HMECs, suggesting that this high level of AP-1 present in normal HMECs mag be due to autocrine stimulation of growth factor pathways. The differences in AP-1 activity in normal and malignant breast cells may indicate that normal cells are more dependent on AP-1-mediated signals for their growth than are breast cancer cells. C1 UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DIV MED ONCOL,DEPT MED,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. NCI,BIOMARKERS & PREVENT RES BRANCH,DIV CANC PREVENT & CONTROL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-24844, Z01 CN000179, 5P50 CA-58183] NR 51 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 57 IS 14 BP 3046 EP 3054 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA XL162 UT WOS:A1997XL16200042 PM 9230221 ER PT J AU Fruchtl, HA Kendall, RA Harrison, RJ Dyall, KG AF Fruchtl, HA Kendall, RA Harrison, RJ Dyall, KG TI An implementation of RI-SCF on parallel computers SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Congress of the International-Society-for-Theoretical-Chemical-Physics CY APR 09-13, 1996 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Int Soc Theoret Chem Phys, Int Soc Theoret Chem Phys, Amer Branch ID APPROXIMATE INTEGRALS; LARGE MOLECULES; BASIS-SETS AB The resolution of the identity (RT) approximation to the Hartree-Fock method was implemented within the NWChem suite of ab initio programs for parallel computers. After a description of the method, a detailed account of the implementation is given. We present a sample calculation and compare its performance and accuracy to an ''exact'' direct SCF calculation. Problems and limitations of the method are also discussed. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 ELORET INST, PALO ALTO, CA 94303 USA. RP Fruchtl, HA (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, ENVIRONM MOL SCI LAB, POB 999, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 16 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0020-7608 EI 1097-461X J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 64 IS 1 BP 63 EP 69 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-461X(1997)64:1<63::AID-QUA7>3.0.CO;2-# PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA XG846 UT WOS:A1997XG84600007 ER PT J AU Pratt, LR Tawa, GJ Hummer, G Garcia, AE Corcelli, SA AF Pratt, LR Tawa, GJ Hummer, G Garcia, AE Corcelli, SA TI Boundary integral methods for the Poisson equation of continuum dielectric solvation models SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Congress of the International-Society-for-Theoretical-Chemical-Physics CY APR 09-13, 1996 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Int Soc Theoret Chem Phys, Int Soc Theoret Chem Phys, Amer Branch ID PHOSPHATE ION-PAIR; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; MEAN-FORCE; FREE-ENERGIES; BOLTZMANN EQUATION; ELEMENT METHOD; GAS-PHASE; ELECTROSTATIC INTERACTION; CLASSICAL ELECTROSTATICS; MOLECULAR ELECTROSTATICS AB This article tests a dielectric model for the variation of hydration free energy with the geometry of complex solutes in water. It reexpresses the Poisson equation of the model to examine the basic aspects of boundary integral methods for these problems. It compares eight examples of dielectric model potentials of mean force in water with numerical results obtained from molecular scale models by simulation. Instructive and physical results are obtained but the model overstabilizes attractive, ion-pairing configurations. The article describes the algorithms, alternative to those in the literature, used here for high-precision solutions of that Poisson equation. Anticipating multigrid boundary integral approaches for similarly accurate treatment of larger solution complexes, the adaptation of spatial resolution is discussed. Finally, the statistical mechanical theory of the model is discussed together with a new proposal for describing the molecular detail of the solvation properties: integrating-out a probe solvent molecule using the dielectric model. The appendices give formal results relevant to periodic boundary conditions and infinite area surfaces such as solution interfaces and membranes. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. RP Pratt, LR (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. RI Pratt, Lawrence/H-7955-2012; Hummer, Gerhard/A-2546-2013 OI Pratt, Lawrence/0000-0003-2351-7451; Hummer, Gerhard/0000-0001-7768-746X NR 90 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0020-7608 J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 64 IS 1 BP 121 EP 141 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-461X(1997)64:1<121::AID-QUA12>3.3.CO;2-K PG 21 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA XG846 UT WOS:A1997XG84600012 ER PT J AU Dong, S Tang, Y Liebe, J Braunstein, R Crandall, RS Nelson, BP Mahan, AH AF Dong, S Tang, Y Liebe, J Braunstein, R Crandall, RS Nelson, BP Mahan, AH TI Transport properties of intrinsic hydrogenated amorphous silicon produced by the hot-wire technique investigated by the photomixing technique SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID A-SI-H; POTENTIAL FLUCTUATIONS; DEFECT; FILMS; RECOMBINATION; DEPOSITION AB The transport properties of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) with a hydrogen content ranging from 12% to less than 1%, which were produced by the hot-wire technique, varying the deposition substrate temperature. 290 degrees CBR; FIELDS; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; VORTICES AB The magnetic field dependence of the in-plane penetration depth lambda(parallel to)(H) for single crystal kappa-(ET)(2)Cu[N(CN)(2)]Br has been measured at 3, 9.6, and 36 MHz. Over a limited range, lambda(parallel to) scales with a characteristic field H *(T) that coincides with a shoulder in the lambda(parallel to) vs. H curves. Above that field, lambda(parallel to) increases sharply toward a second inflection point at H**(T), which is close to the irreversibility line measured by magnetization. For fields larger than H** the penetration depth diverges, suggesting that the vortex lattice has melted. The field dependence at one frequency agrees qualitatively with a model of pinned vortices at low fields giving way to flux flow at higher fields. However, the observed frequency dependence deviates significantly from the predictions of this model, suggesting that collective effects play a major role. Our technique also yields a new measurement for the interplane penetration depth lambda(perpendicular to)similar to-300 mu m, implying an anisotropy lambda(perpendicular to)/lambda(parallel to) > 200. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PHYS,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,SCI & TECHNOL CTR SUPERCONDUCT,URBANA,IL 61801. ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM & MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 280 IS 4 BP 281 EP 288 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(97)00370-5 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA XX216 UT WOS:A1997XX21600006 ER PT J AU Sigalas, MM Soukoulis, CM Biswas, R Ho, KM AF Sigalas, MM Soukoulis, CM Biswas, R Ho, KM TI Effect of the magnetic permeability on photonic band gaps SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PERIODIC DIELECTRIC STRUCTURES; 2-DIMENSIONAL SQUARE; 2 DIMENSIONS; LATTICES; CRYSTALS; PROPAGATION; EXISTENCE; METAL; RODS AB We study a class of photonic crystals in which both the dielectric constant epsilon and the magnetic permeability mu vary within the crystal. We find that in the case where both epsilon and mu have their maximum values in the same material, the photonic band gaps tend to disappear. However, in the opposite case where epsilon and mu have their maximum values in different materials, the gaps become wider with maximum gap over midgap frequency as high as 0.8. We also discuss the possibility of designing such photonic crystals with ferrites. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,MICROELECT RES CTR,AMES,IA 50011. RP Sigalas, MM (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011, USA. RI Dom, Rekha/B-7113-2012; Soukoulis, Costas/A-5295-2008 NR 30 TC 80 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 3 BP 959 EP 962 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.959 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA XM766 UT WOS:A1997XM76600001 ER PT J AU Ohno, K Mauri, F Louie, SG AF Ohno, K Mauri, F Louie, SG TI Magnetic susceptibility of semiconductors by an all-electron first-principles approach SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FUNCTIONAL THEORY; DENSITY; SILICON AB The magnetic susceptibility (chi) of the semiconductors (diamond, Si, GaAs, and Gap) and of the inert-gas solids (Ne, Ar, and Kr) are evaluated within density-functional theory in the local-density approximation, using a mixed-basis all-electron approach. In Si, GaAs, GaP, Ar, and Kr, the contribution of core electrons to chi is comparable to that of valence electrons. However, our results show that the contribution associated with the core states is independent of the chemical environment and can be computed from the isolated atoms. Moreover, our results indicate that the use of a ''scissor operator'' does not improve the agreement of the theoretical chi with experiments. C1 TOHOKU UNIV, INST MAT RES, SENDAI, MIYAGI 98077, JAPAN. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, DIV MAT SCI, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. RP Ohno, K (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, DEPT PHYS, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. RI mauri, francesco/K-5726-2012; OI mauri, francesco/0000-0002-6666-4710; Ohno, Kaoru/0000-0002-1980-5971 NR 17 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1009 EP 1012 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.1009 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA XM766 UT WOS:A1997XM76600014 ER PT J AU Marinescu, DC Quinn, JJ AF Marinescu, DC Quinn, JJ TI Exchange and correlation corrections to the response functions of a spin-polarized electron gas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID WAVE VECTORS AB We analyze the spin and charge responses induced in a spin-polarized electron gas by a weak electromagnetic field. The coupled spin-charge response is derived from the equation of motion of the particle distribution function in the presence of the perturbation. To obtain the correct frequency and the wave-vector dependence we introduce the spin-dependent local-field factors, G(sigma)(+/-) = G(sigma)(X) +/- G(sigma)(C), which give the exchange (x) and correlation (c) corrections to the random phase approximation. For an arbitrary degree of polarization of the electron gas, we derive the exact analytical expressions for G(sigma)(+/-) ((q) over right arrow,pi) in the limit of high frequency or large wavevectors. The results for (q) over right arrow -->infinity are expressed in terms of the two-particle correlation function, g((r) over right arrow) at r = O. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PHYS,KNOXVILLE,TN 37966. RP Marinescu, DC (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV SOLID STATE,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 8 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1114 EP 1123 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.1114 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA XM766 UT WOS:A1997XM76600041 ER PT J AU Martin, RM Ortiz, G AF Martin, RM Ortiz, G TI Functional theory of extended Coulomb systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PERIODIC BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; ELECTRON-GAS; MACROSCOPIC POLARIZATION; DIELECTRIC-CONSTANTS; CORRELATION-ENERGY; FORMALISM; SOLIDS; DYNAMICS; CRYSTALS; EXCHANGE AB A consistent formulation is presented for a functional theory of extended quantum many-particle systems with long-range Coulomb interactions, which extends the density-functional theory of Hohenberg and Kohn to encompass the theory of dielectrics formulated in terms of electric fields and polarization. We show that a complete description of insulators in the thermodynamic limit requires a functional of density and macroscopic polarization; nevertheless, for any insulator the state with zero macroscopic electric field can be considered a reference state that is a functional of the density alone. Dielectric phenomena involve the behavior of the material in the presence of macroscopic electric fields that induce changes of the macroscopic polarization from its equilibrium value in the reference state. In the thermodynamic limit there is strictly no ground state and constraints must be placed upon the electronic wave functions in order to have a well-defined energy functional; within these constrained subspaces the Hohenberg-Kohn theorems can be generalized in terms of the density and the change in the macroscopic polarization. The essential role of the polarization is shown by an explicit example of two potentials that lead to the same periodic density in a crystal, but different macroscopic electric fields and polarization. In the Kohn-Sham approach both the kinetic and the exchange-correlation energy are shown to depend upon the changes in polarization; this leads to generalized Kohn-Sham equations with a nonlocal operator. The effect can be traced to the polarization of the average exchange-correlation hole itself in the presence of macroscopic fields, which is essential for an exact description of static dielectric phenomena. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,MAT RES LAB,URBANA,IL 61801. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Martin, RM (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PHYS,1110 W GREEN ST,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 59 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1124 EP 1140 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.1124 PG 17 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA XM766 UT WOS:A1997XM76600042 ER PT J AU Chernikov, MA Degiorgi, L Felder, E Paschen, S Bianchi, AD Ott, HR Sarrao, JL Fisk, Z Mandrus, D AF Chernikov, MA Degiorgi, L Felder, E Paschen, S Bianchi, AD Ott, HR Sarrao, JL Fisk, Z Mandrus, D TI Low-temperature transport, optical, magnetic and thermodynamic properties of Fe1-xCoxSi SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; UNCONVENTIONAL CHARGE GAP; FESI; CONDUCTIVITY; FEXCO1-XSI; ALLOYS; MNSI AB We report measurements of the electrical conductivity sigma(T), the optical reflectivity R(pi,T), the low-field ac magnetic susceptibility chi'(T,f), and the specific heat C-p(T) for polycrystalline samples of Fe1-xCoxSi with 0 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.03 at low temperatures. Between 130 and 300 K the temperature variation of sigma(pi,T) is consistent with that of a hybridization-gap semiconductor and is very similar for all samples. Below 50 K sigma(O,T) strongly depends on the cobalt concentration x and d sigma/dT decreases with decreasing x, changing sign from positive to negative in the range 0.01 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.02. For x less than or equal to 0.0075 the dc conductivity sigma tends to saturate below 0.1 K, indicating a semimetallic regime characterized by a very low density of itinerant carriers. For x greater than or equal to 0.01 the chi'(T) curves show maxima at different temperatures T-f(x) manifesting a spin-grass-type freezing of magnetic moments below 1 K. The small values of T-f/x and the frequency dependences of T-f both suggest a weak magnetic interaction. The low-temperature specific heat C-p(T) contains a term gamma T that increases with increasing x from 2.1T mJ mol(-1) K-1 for pure FeSi to 7.6T mJ mol(-1) K-1 for Fe0.97Co0.03Si. Together with the results of the optical measurements this implies a respectable low-temperature mass enhancement of the itinerant carriers on the order of 30. C1 FLORIDA STATE UNIV,NATL HIGH MAGNET FIELD LAB,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32306. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Chernikov, MA (reprint author), ETH HONGGERBERG,FESTKORPERPHYS LAB,CH-8093 ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. RI Paschen, Silke/C-3841-2014; Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014; Bianchi, Andrea/E-9779-2010 OI Paschen, Silke/0000-0002-3796-0713; Bianchi, Andrea/0000-0001-9340-6971 NR 46 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 5 U2 23 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1366 EP 1375 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.1366 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA XM766 UT WOS:A1997XM76600067 ER PT J AU Leong, JK Williams, CC Olson, JM AF Leong, JK Williams, CC Olson, JM TI Evidence of internal electric fields in GaInP2 by scanning capacitance and near-field scanning optical microscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; BAND-GAP; SEMICONDUCTOR ALLOYS; DEPENDENCE AB GaInP2 is studied in cross section with the scanning capacitance and near-field scanning optical microscope. Our study shows significant differences in the electronic and optical properties between ordered single- and two-variant GaInP2. In single-variant samples, spatially uniform capacitance signal, photoluminescence intensity, and band gap are observed. In contrast, a spatially nonuniform capacitance signal, photoluminescence intensity, and band gap are observed in samples with nominally uniform doping. Imaging of the same regions by scanning capacitance and near-field scanning optical microscopes demonstrates that the photoluminescence (observed by the near-field scanning optical microscope) comes only from the n-type-like regions (observed by the scanning capacitance microscope) in lightly doped (n-type) two-variant GaInP2. The local capacitance and photoluminescence measurements can be explained by the presence of internal electric fields in two-variant GaInP2. C1 NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO 80401. RP Leong, JK (reprint author), UNIV UTAH,DEPT PHYS,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84112, USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1472 EP 1478 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.1472 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA XM766 UT WOS:A1997XM76600080 ER PT J AU Fu, HX Zunger, A AF Fu, HX Zunger, A TI InP quantum dots: Electronic structure, surface effects, and the redshifted emission SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID POROUS SILICON; SEMICONDUCTOR CLUSTERS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ISOLATED VACANCIES; LUMINESCENCE; CONFINEMENT; SI; NANOCRYSTALS; DYNAMICS; EXCITONS AB We present pseudopotential plane-wave electronic-structure calculations on InP quantum dots in an effort to understand quantum confinement and surface effects and to identify the origin of the long-lived and redshifted luminescence. We find that (i) unlike the case in small GaAs dots, the lowest unoccupied state of InP dots is the Gamma(1c)-derived direct state rather than the X-1c-derived indirect state and (ii) unlike the prediction of k.p models, the highest occupied state in InP dots has a 1 sd-type envelope function rather than a (dipole-forbidden) 1 pf envelope function. Thus explanations (i) and (ii) to the long-lived redshifted emission in terms of an orbitally forbidden character can be excluded. Furthermore, (iii) fully passivated InP dots have no surface states in the gap. However, (iv) removal of the anion-site passivation leads to a P dangling bend (DB) state just above the valence band, which will act as a trap for photogenerated holes, Similarly, (v) removal of the cation-site passivation leads to an In dangling-bond state below the conduction band. While the energy of the In DB state depends only weakly on quantum size, its radiative lifetime increases with quantum size. The calculated similar to 300-meV redshift and the similar to 18 times longer radiative lifetime relative to the dot-interior transition for the 26-Angstrom dot with an In DB are in good agreement with the observations of full-luminescence experiments for unetched InP dots. Yet, (vi) this type of redshift due to surface defect is inconsistent with that measured in selective excitation for HE-etched InP dots. (vii) The latter type of(''resonant'') redshift is compatible with the calculated screened singlet-triplet splitting in InP dots, suggesting that the slow emitting state seen in selective excitation could be a triplet state. RP Fu, HX (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. RI Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013 NR 70 TC 181 Z9 182 U1 5 U2 46 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1496 EP 1508 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.1496 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA XM766 UT WOS:A1997XM76600084 ER PT J AU Hsu, L Walukiewicz, W AF Hsu, L Walukiewicz, W TI Electron mobility in AlxGa1-xN/GaN heterostructures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HETEROJUNCTION; TRANSPORT; TRANSISTOR; DENSITY AB Theoretical electron mobility limits of a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) confined near the interface of a AlxGa1-xN/GaN heterostructure are computed. The electronic structure of the 2DEG is calculated self-consistently to obtain the best analytic solution for the wave functions, and the results are used to compute the mobilities. All standard scattering mechanisms, including scattering by acoustic and optical phonons, remote and background impurities, and alloy disorder have been included in our calculations. Depending on the exact composition of the heterostructure, the low-temperature mobility may be limited by either Coulomb or alloy disorder scattering. Strategies for optimizing the mobility for various remote doping concentrations and spacer widths are discussed. Intrinsic mobilities in excess of 10(6) cm(2)/N s are predicted for optimized heterostructures at low temperatures. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV MAT SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Hsu, L (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 24 TC 169 Z9 174 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1520 EP 1528 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.1520 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA XM766 UT WOS:A1997XM76600087 ER PT J AU Len, PM Gog, T Novikov, D Eisenhower, RA Materlik, G Fadley, CS AF Len, PM Gog, T Novikov, D Eisenhower, RA Materlik, G Fadley, CS TI Multiple energy x-ray holography: Incident-radiation polarization effects SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-EMISSION HOLOGRAPHY; PHOTOELECTRON DIFFRACTION; AUGER-ELECTRON; SCATTERING; PATTERNS; IMAGES; RECONSTRUCTION; INTENSITIES; INVERSION AB Multiple energy x-ray holography (MEXH) measures both phase and amplitude information for x rays scattered from an incident reference beam, from which three-dimensional atomic images can be directly reconstructed. The angular distribution of the x-ray scattering is highly dependent on the polarization direction via the Thomson scattering cross section. We consider here the effect of incident x-ray polarization on images of Fe atoms reconstructed from theoretical and experimental MEXH data for alpha-Fe2O3(001) (hematite). We also illustrate such polarization effects theoretically in the enhancement of specific atomic structural information of ideal Fe trimers, and a Ge delta-layer buried in Si(001), where the use of different polarization modes and experimental geometries is found to strongly influence atomic images. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,NATL SYNCHROTRON LIGHT SOURCE,OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. DESY,HASYLAB,D-22603 HAMBURG,GERMANY. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV MAT SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Len, PM (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT PHYS,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 41 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1529 EP 1539 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.1529 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA XM766 UT WOS:A1997XM76600088 ER PT J AU Huff, WRA Chen, Y Kellar, SA Moler, EJ Hussain, Z Huang, ZQ Zheng, Y Shirley, DA AF Huff, WRA Chen, Y Kellar, SA Moler, EJ Hussain, Z Huang, ZQ Zheng, Y Shirley, DA TI Angle-resolved photoemission extended fine structure of the Ni 3p, Cu 3s, and Cu 3p core levels of the respective clean (111) surfaces SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE-SCATTERING THEORY; PHOTOELECTRON DIFFRACTION; ADSORBATE-GEOMETRY; C(2X2)S/NI(001); RELAXATION; ENERGY AB We report a non-s initial-state angle-resolved photoemission extended fine-structure (ARPEFS) study of clean surfaces for the purpose of further understanding the technique. The surface structure sensitivity of ARPEFS applied to clean surfaces and to arbitrary initial states is studied using normal photoemission data taken from the Ni 3p core levels of a Ni(111) single crystal and the Cu 3s and the Cu 3p core levels of a Cu(111) single crystal. The Fourier transforms of these clean surface data are dominated by backscattering. Unlike the s initial-state data, the p initial-state data show a peak in the Fourier transform corresponding to in-plane scattering from the six nearest neighbors to the emitter. Evidence was seen for single-scattering events from the same plane as the emitters and double-scattering events. Using a recently developed, multiple-scattering calculation program, ARPEFS data from clean surfaces and from p initial states can be modeled to high precision. Although there are many layers of emitters when measuring photoemission from a clean surface, test calculations show that the ARPEFS signal is dominated by photoemission from atoms in the first two crystal layers. Thus ARPEFS applied to clean surfaces is sensitive to surface reconstruction The best-fit calculation for clean Ni(111) indicates an expansion of the first two layers. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT CHEM,BERKELEY,CA 94720. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM & PHYS,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. UNIV CHICAGO,JAMES FRANCK INST,CHICAGO,IL 60637. OPLINK,SAN JOSE,CA 95131. RP Huff, WRA (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1540 EP 1550 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.1540 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA XM766 UT WOS:A1997XM76600089 ER PT J AU Yan, Q Burgdorfer, J Meyer, FW AF Yan, Q Burgdorfer, J Meyer, FW TI Grazing-ion-surface interaction as a probe of surface states SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING; COLLISIONS; VELOCITY; FRACTION AB We propose a simple theoretical model for the study of the electronic structure of surface bands by the measurement of resonant charge transfer between localized surface electrons and grazingly incident projectiles. We present an analytic expression for the parallel Velocity dependence of the scattered charge-state fraction, and show how it can be used to estimate the Fermi level and width of the surface band. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PHYS,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. RP Yan, Q (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1589 EP 1592 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.1589 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA XM766 UT WOS:A1997XM76600094 ER PT J AU Turchi, PEA Mayou, D Julien, JP AF Turchi, PEA Mayou, D Julien, JP TI Real-space tight-binding approach to stability and order in substitutional multicomponent alloys SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID COHERENT-POTENTIAL APPROXIMATION; CONTINUED-FRACTION COEFFICIENTS; TRANSITION-METAL ALLOYS; GROUND-STATE STRUCTURES; RANDOM BINARY-ALLOYS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; RECURSIVE TECHNIQUE; FORMALISM; ENERGIES; DENSITY AB A real-space approach based on the tight-binding approximation for studying electronic structure properties and stability and order in substitutional multicomponent alloys is presented. First. for a chemically random alloy based on a periodic lattice, we show that the coherent potential approximation equations can be solved self-consistently in real space with the same accuracy currently achieved in reciprocal space. The resulting one-electron Green function is given by a continued fraction expansion, and this analytic form can be conveniently used to determine alloy properties, and in particular the energetics. Second, combined with an orbital-peeling technique, this method allows in a very efficient way the calculation of the effective cluster interactions which enter the expression of the configurational part of the total energy for describing order-disorder phenomena in alloys. Finally, we present some applications and briefly discuss the possible extensions of this approach. C1 CNRS,LEPES,F-38042 GRENOBLE 9,FRANCE. RP Turchi, PEA (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,L268,POB 808,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 4 BP 1726 EP 1742 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.1726 PG 17 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA XY366 UT WOS:A1997XY36600020 ER PT J AU Farges, F Brown, GE Rehr, JJ AF Farges, F Brown, GE Rehr, JJ TI Ti K-edge XANES studies of Ti coordination and disorder in oxide compounds: Comparison between theory and experiment SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; BODY DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; SILICATE-GLASSES; CONDENSED MATTER; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRA; RUTILE; CHEMISTRY; ANATASE; TI(IV) AB Experimental Ti K-edge x-ray-absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra for a variety of Ti(IV)bearing crystalline oxide model compounds are compared with those calculated using the ab initio multiple-scattering code FEFF7. A scattering-theoretic interpretation of various features in the experimental spectra, including pre-edge and main-edge peaks, is presented together with an interpretation of the effects of disorder. The observed pre-edge features are found to vary in both position (by approximate to 2 +/- 0.1 eV) and normalized height (from approximate to 0.04 to 1.0 +/- 0.05) as a function of Ti coordination (4, 5, or 6 oxygen nearest neighbors), in agreement with calculations. In aperiodic oxide compounds where the Ti coordination is unknown (e.g., titanosilicate glasses and melts), pre-edge position and height can be used to derive reliable information on Ti coordination chemistry. For example, one can distinguish between fivefold coordinated Ti (i.e., TiO5) and a 50:50 mixture of fourfold-and sixfold-coordinated Ti (i.e., TiO4 vs TiO6). Finally, it is proposed that the intensity of the main-edge features can be used as a probe of disorder in the short-and medium-range environment of Ti. This is exemplified by Ti XANES studies of the effect of radiation damage on CaTiSiO5 and the melting of K2TiSi2O7 glass at high temperature. C1 UNIV PARIS 12, CNRS, UA 734, F-93166 NOISY LE GRAND, FRANCE. UNIV PARIS 12, LURE, F-93166 NOISY LE GRAND, FRANCE. STANFORD UNIV, DEPT GEOL & ENVIRONM SCI, STANFORD, CA 94305 USA. STANFORD UNIV, STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB, STANFORD, CA 94305 USA. UNIV WASHINGTON, DEPT PHYS, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. RP UNIV PARIS 12, LAB PHYS & MECAN GEOMATERIAUX, F-93166 NOISY LE GRAND, FRANCE. NR 43 TC 370 Z9 371 U1 10 U2 86 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 4 BP 1809 EP 1819 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.1809 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA XY366 UT WOS:A1997XY36600027 ER PT J AU Maniloff, ES Klimov, VI McBranch, DW AF Maniloff, ES Klimov, VI McBranch, DW TI Intensity-dependent relaxation dynamics and the nature of the excited-state species in solid-state conducting polymers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CONJUGATED POLYMERS; POLY(P-PHENYLENEVINYLENE); ANNIHILATION; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; PHOTOEXCITATIONS; ABSORPTION; FILMS AB Femtosecond transient-absorption dynamics are presented fur an oligomer and a number of polymers from the poly(arylene vinylene) family for excitation densities in the range from 10(18)-10(21) cm(-3). We report careful studies of the wavelength and pump-intensity dependence of the photoinduced absorption in a model five-ring oligomer, 2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-distyryl benzene. We show that a single photoexcited species, the intrachain exciton, is responsible for all observable spectral features at low excitation densities. At higher excitation densities, nonlinear relaxation processes are observed in both polymers and the oligomer, consistent with exciton-exciton annihilation as a nonlinear-decay mechanism. RP Maniloff, ES (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV CHEM SCI & TECHNOL,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 31 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 4 BP 1876 EP 1881 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.1876 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA XY366 UT WOS:A1997XY36600034 ER PT J AU Cheong, HM Mascarenhas, A Ernst, P Geng, C AF Cheong, HM Mascarenhas, A Ernst, P Geng, C TI Effects of spontaneous ordering on Raman spectra of GaInP2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; LONG-RANGE-ORDER; SEMICONDUCTOR ALLOYS; SINGLE-VARIANT; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SCATTERING; SPECTROSCOPY; PHONONS AB The effects of spontaneous CuPtB ordering on the lattice dynamics of GaInP2 allays are studied by room-temperature Raman-scattering experiments on a series of GaInP2 samples with various degrees of ordering, grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy. In measurements on the (001) growth plane, we have observed several changes in the optical-phonon range of the Raman spectrum, the most notable of which is the emergence of an extra peak at 354 cm(-1). This peak is identified as a longitudinal-optical mode due to the superlattice effect In the ordered alloys. The acoustic-phonon range of the (001) Raman spectra of the ordered samples shows extra peaks at 60 and 205 cm(-1), which are identified as the folded transverse and longitudinal acoustic phonons, respectively. For the optical phonons, the Raman selection rules and the identification of the extra peak are tested by measuring right-angle Raman scattering. The results are consistent with the trigonal C-3v symmetry of the ordered alloys. C1 UNIV STUTTGART,INST PHYS 4,D-70550 STUTTGART,GERMANY. RP Cheong, HM (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. RI Cheong, Hyeonsik/D-7424-2012 OI Cheong, Hyeonsik/0000-0002-2347-4044 NR 21 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 4 BP 1882 EP 1887 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.1882 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA XY366 UT WOS:A1997XY36600035 ER PT J AU Cheong, HM Alsina, F Mascarenhas, A Geisz, JF Olson, JM AF Cheong, HM Alsina, F Mascarenhas, A Geisz, JF Olson, JM TI Phonon modes in spontaneously ordered GaInP2 studied by micro-Raman scattering measurements SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; LONG-RANGE-ORDER; SEMICONDUCTOR ALLOYS; SINGLE-VARIANT; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; RESONANCE AB We have performed micro-Raman-scattering experiments on ordered GaInP2 alloy samples in three different geometries where the phonon wave vector is either parallel or perpendicular to the ordering axis of the crystal. By comparing results from the ((1) over bar 11) backscattering and right-angle scattering measurements with the C-3v symmetry of the crystal, we found that the recently discovered peaks at 205 and 354 cm(-1) in the Raman spectra of ordered alloys are due to longitudinal-phonon modes with A(1) symmetry in these geometries. In the (110) backscattering geometry, selection-rule forbidden Longitudinal-phonon modes appear in the Raman spectra measured in parallel polarizations. Possible mechanisms for this selection-rule violation are discussed. RP Cheong, HM (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. RI Alzina, Francesc/C-5468-2008; Cheong, Hyeonsik/D-7424-2012 OI Alzina, Francesc/0000-0002-7082-0624; Cheong, Hyeonsik/0000-0002-2347-4044 NR 20 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 4 BP 1888 EP 1892 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.1888 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA XY366 UT WOS:A1997XY36600036 ER PT J AU Itoh, KM Kinoshita, T Muto, J Haegel, NM Walukiewicz, W Dubon, OD Beeman, JW Haller, EE AF Itoh, KM Kinoshita, T Muto, J Haegel, NM Walukiewicz, W Dubon, OD Beeman, JW Haller, EE TI Carrier scattering by neutral divalent impurities in semiconductors: Theory and experiment SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SECTIONS; ACCEPTORS; GERMANIUM; HYDROGEN; SILICON; GE AB We have developed a theoretical model describing carrier scattering by divalent impurities in semiconductors. The mobility predicted by the model based an the scattering of electrons by helium atoms shows excellent agreement with the tow-temperature mobilities measured for three Ge samples doped with different double accepters; Be, Zn, and Hg. We show that the scattering cross sections of these double accepters art the same despite the large difference in ionization energies. This supports our assumption that the contribution of the central-cell potential to neutral impurity scattering is negligible. C1 FAIRFIELD UNIV,DEPT PHYS,FAIRFIELD,CT 06430. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT MAT SCI & MINERAL ENGN,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Itoh, KM (reprint author), KEIO UNIV,DEPT INSTRUMENTAT ENGN,KOHOKU KU,3-14-1 HIYOSHI,YOKOHAMA,KANAGAWA 223,JAPAN. RI Itoh, Kohei/C-5738-2014 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 4 BP 1906 EP 1910 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.1906 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA XY366 UT WOS:A1997XY36600038 ER PT J AU Silveira, E Dondl, W Abstreiter, G Haller, EE AF Silveira, E Dondl, W Abstreiter, G Haller, EE TI Ge self-diffusion in isotopic (Ge-70)(n)(Ge-74)(m) superlattices: A Raman study SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HETEROSTRUCTURES; GERMANIUM; GAAS; SI AB Ge self-diffusion is studied using Raman scattering by optical phonons in isotopic (Ge-70)(n)(Ge-74)(m) superlattices. Raman spectra of a series of isotopic (Ge-70)(n)(Ge-74)(m) superlattices with n and m equal to 8, 12, 16, and 24 monolayers are presented here for annealing at 500 degrees C and various times. The results are compared with theoretical calculations based on a planar force constant model and the bond polarizability approach. The average value for the mass of an atom in each atomic plane is given by the diffusion profile, solving Fick's diffusion equation for the superlattices. The value obtained here for the self-diffusion coefficient at 500 degrees C is 5.50x10(-24) m(2) s(-1) and compares very well with previous results. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,BERKELEY,CA 94720. LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Silveira, E (reprint author), TECH UNIV MUNICH,WALTER SCHOTTKY INST,COULOMBWALL,D-85748 GARCHING,GERMANY. NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 4 BP 2062 EP 2069 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.2062 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA XY366 UT WOS:A1997XY36600057 ER PT J AU Gole, JL Dudel, FP Grantier, D Dixon, DA AF Gole, JL Dudel, FP Grantier, D Dixon, DA TI Origin of porous silicon photoluminescence: Evidence for a surface bound oxyhydride-like emitter SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; DETECTED MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; N-TYPE SILICON; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ANODIC-OXIDATION; LUMINESCENCE MECHANISM; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; DEFECT CENTER; BASIS-SETS; SI AB Time-dependent excitation spectroscopy coupled with quantum chemical calculations is used to demonstrate that the photoluminescence (PL) resulting from the ultraviolet optical pumping of an etched porous silicon (PS) surface results from a silicon oxyhydride-like fluorophor bound to the PS surface. The time-dependent FL, in both aqueous (HF/H2O and HF/CH3OH/H2O) and nonaqueous [MeCN/HF (anhydrous)] etching media, has been monitored both in situ, during the etching cycle and before the PS sample is removed from the etching solution, and ex situ, after removal of the PS sample from the etching solution. The early appearance in time of the PS luminescence is consistent with the formation of a surface bound emitter coated on a time scale (less than or equal to 10 s) much shorter than that needed for pore formation. Laser excitation spectra (PLE) over the wavelength range extending from 193 to 400 nm produce an almost identical time-dependent PL emission feature between 550 and 700 nn. Influenced strongly by the chemical composition of the etch solution, an intermediate ''green'' emitter can be excited with select laser pumping wavelengths and observed to transform to the final ''orange-red'' luminescent product. In conjunction with experiments whose focus has been to compare the time-dependent PL after ArF (193 nm) and N-2 (337 nm) laser excitation (PLE), the data suggest the pumping of an excited-state manifold for a molecule-like species followed by rapid relaxation via nonradiative transitions down the manifold and the subsequent emission of radiation at much longer wavelength. Detailed quantum chemical modeling supports this interpretation and suggests a correlation to changes in the bonding associated with electronic transitions that involve silanone-like ground electronic singlet states and their low-lying triplet excitons. Especially important are those changes involving SiO related bonds. A substantial shift in the excited-state manifold, relative to the ground state, correlates with the character of the observed PL spectra as the excitation to a manifold of states greatly shifted, from the ground electronic state produces a considerable redshift of the PL spectrum (similar to 600-800 nm) compared to the known peak wavelength of the PLE (excitation) spectrum at 350 nm. The combination of quantum chemical modeling and time-dependent spectroscopic studies also suggests that the multiexponential PL decay commonly observed as a function of increasing wavelength (550-750 nm) after excitation at 355 nm results primarily from nonradiative cascade. The optical detection of magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectrum obtained for PS and associated with a triplet exciton is assigned to an oxyhydride-like emitter possessing silicon-oxygen and silicon-hydroxide fluorophors similar to the much more complex annealed siloxene. Calculated infrared spectra are correlated with experimentally observed features and are consistent with a surface-based oxyhydride-like emitting fluorophor. A recent analysis that associates the linewidth of the tripler ODMR spectrum with an inhomogeneous distribution of quantum confined crystallites is shown to be in error. We demonstrate that the correct extension of the arguments used in this analysis provides clear evidence for the existence of a common radiative center associated with a molecule-like species hound to the surface of the PS framework. The results obtained in this study are thus nor consistent with quantum confinement and suggest a surface bound emitter as the source of the PS photoluminescence. C1 PACIFIC NW LAB, ENVIRONM MOL SCI LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RP GEORGIA INST TECHNOL, SCH PHYS, ATLANTA, GA 30332 USA. NR 87 TC 151 Z9 157 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 4 BP 2137 EP 2153 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.2137 PG 17 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA XY366 UT WOS:A1997XY36600067 ER PT J AU Feibelman, PJ AF Feibelman, PJ TI First-principles calculations of stress induced by gas adsorption on Pt(111) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INDUCED SURFACE STRESS; SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY; CRYSTAL-SURFACE; RECONSTRUCTION; PLATINUM; OXYGEN; RELAXATION; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; SEGREGATION; ANISOTROPY AB Local-density-functional calculations show that both O and H adsorption relieve tensile stress on Pt(111) terraces. These results agree with the observation that both O and H undo the added-atom reconstruction of Pt(111) that occurs at elevated temperatures, but conflict with the idea that the direction of adsorbate-induced charge polarization determines the sign of the induced surface stress. RP Feibelman, PJ (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 72 TC 99 Z9 101 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 4 BP 2175 EP 2182 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.2175 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA XY366 UT WOS:A1997XY36600071 ER PT J AU Ankudinov, AL Rehr, JJ AF Ankudinov, AL Rehr, JJ TI Relativistic calculations of spin-dependent x-ray-absorption spectra SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING THEORY; FINE-STRUCTURE; EDGE AB An efficient interpolative approach is presented for relativistic calculations of polarized x-ray-absorption spectra (XAS) including spin and spin-orbit interactions. The method is based on a spinor-relativistic Dirac-Fock treatment of atomic densities and dipole matrix elements, and a nonrelativistic treatment of propagation using high-order multiple scattering theory. This approach is implemented in an automated code FEFF7 which gives quantitative agreement with experiment for x-ray magnetic circular dichroism of Gd and Fe, and for polarized XAS of Cd, including both l --> l +/- 1 dipole transitions. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT PHYS,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP Ankudinov, AL (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,MST 11,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 26 TC 365 Z9 369 U1 6 U2 21 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 4 BP R1712 EP R1715 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA XY366 UT WOS:A1997XY36600018 ER PT J AU Chen, KM Jesson, DE Pennycook, SJ Thundat, T Warmack, RJ AF Chen, KM Jesson, DE Pennycook, SJ Thundat, T Warmack, RJ TI Critical nuclei shapes in the stress-driven 2D-to-3D transition SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID STRAINED LAYERS; STEP ENERGIES; GROWTH; SURFACES; STABILITY; SI(100); ISLANDS; SI(001); FILMS; GE AB We investigate the kinetic pathways to coherent island formation during the stress-driven roughening of strained films, and specifically examine the role of facets during island nucleation. Despite the ubiquitous appearance of {501} facets in the Si-Ge system, we show that for Ge0.5Si0.5 strained layers, the initial islanding pathway does not involve discrete {501} facets. A kinetic model based on interacting surface steps is developed, which explains the observed pathway and is consistent with the sensitive dependence of the 2D-3D transition on temperature and the sign of misfit. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,HLTH SCI RES DIV,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Chen, KM (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV SOLID STATE,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 19 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 4 BP R1700 EP R1703 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA XY366 UT WOS:A1997XY36600015 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Turner, EL AF Wang, Y Turner, EL TI Cosmological constant and advanced gravitational wave detectors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID COMPACT BINARIES; NEUTRON-STAR; PARAMETERS; RADIATION AB Interferometric gravitational wave detectors could measure the frequency sweep of a binary inspiral (characterized by its chirp mass) to high accuracy. The observed chirp mass is the intrinsic chirp mass of the binary source multiplied by (1+z), where z is the redshift of the source. Assuming a nonzero cosmological constant, we compute the expected redshift distribution of observed events for an advanced LIGO detector. We find that the redshift distribution has a robust and sizable dependence on the cosmological constant; the data from advanced LIGO detectors could provide an independent measurement of the cosmological constant. C1 PRINCETON UNIV OBSERV,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), NASA,FERMILAB ASTROPHYS CTR,FNAL,BATAVIA,IL 60510, USA. RI Wang, Yun/B-5724-2011; Turner, Edwin/A-4295-2011 OI Wang, Yun/0000-0002-4749-2984; NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 2 BP 724 EP 729 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.56.724 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA XM240 UT WOS:A1997XM24000017 ER PT J AU Kol, B Rajaraman, A AF Kol, B Rajaraman, A TI Fixed scalars and suppression of Hawking evaporation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID BLACK-HOLES AB For an extreme charged black hole some scalars take on a fixed value at the horizon determined by the charges alone. We call them fixed scalars. We find the absorption cross section for a low-frequency wave of a fixed scalar to be proportional to the square of the frequency. This implies a strong suppression of the Hawking radiation near extremality. We compute the coefficient of proportionality for a specific model. C1 STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94309. RP Kol, B (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,DEPT PHYS,STANFORD,CA 94305, USA. NR 15 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 2 BP 983 EP 986 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.56.983 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA XM240 UT WOS:A1997XM24000038 ER PT J AU Carlson, CE MolinaParis, C PerezMercader, J Visser, M AF Carlson, CE MolinaParis, C PerezMercader, J Visser, M TI Casimir effect in dielectrics: Bulk energy contribution SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID LIGHT AB In a recent series of papers, Schwinger discussed a process that he called the dynamical Casimir effect. The key essence of this effect is the change in zero-point energy associated with any change in a dielectric medium. (In particular, if the change in the dielectric medium is taken to be the growth or collapse of a bubble, this effect may have relevance to sonoluminescence,) The kernel of Schwinger's result is that the change in Casimir energy is proportional to the change in the volume of the dielectric, plus finite-volume corrections. Other papers have called into question this result, claiming that the volume term should actually be discarded, and that the dominant term remaining is proportional to the surface area of the dielectric. In this paper, which is an expansion of an earlier Letter on the same topic, we present a careful and critical review of the relevant analyses. We find that the Casimir energy, defined as the change in zero-point energy due to a change in the medium, has at leading order a bulk volume dependence. This is in full agreement with Schwinger's result, once the comet physical question is asked. We have nothing new to say about sonoluminescence itself. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. LAB ASTROFIS ESPACIAL & FIS FUNDAMENTAL,MADRID 28080,SPAIN. WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT PHYS,ST LOUIS,MO 63130. RP Carlson, CE (reprint author), COLL WILLIAM & MARY,DEPT PHYS,WILLIAMSBURG,VA 23187, USA. OI Visser, Matt/0000-0003-1088-6485 NR 21 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 2 BP 1262 EP 1280 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.56.1262 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA XM240 UT WOS:A1997XM24000065 ER PT J AU deGouvea, A Moroi, T Murayama, H AF deGouvea, A Moroi, T Murayama, H TI Cosmology of supersymmetric models with low-energy gauge mediation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID NUMBER NON-CONSERVATION; EARLY UNIVERSE; BARYOGENESIS; BREAKING; GRAVITINO; MECHANISM; INFLATION; MASS; NEUTRINO; FIELD AB We study the cosmology of supersymmetric models in which the supersymmetry-breaking effects are mediated by gauge interactions at about the 10(5) GeV scale. We first point out that the gravitino is likely to overdose the Universe in this class of models. This requires an entropy production, which prefers a baryogenesis mechanism at a relatively low temperature. The Affleck-Dine mechanism for baryogenesis is one of the possibilities to generate enough baryon asymmetry, but the analysis is nontrivial since the shape of the potential for the hat direction differs substantially from the conventional hidden sector case. To see this, we first perform a two-loop calculation to determine the shape of the potential. By combining the potential with the supergravity contribution, we then find that the Affleck-Dine baryogenesis works efficiently to generate sufficient baryon asymmetry. On the other hand, we also point out that string moduli fields, if present, are stable and their coherent oscillations overdose the Universe by more than 15 orders of magnitude. One needs a very late inflationary period with an e-folding of N greater than or similar to 5 and an energy density of less than or similar to(10(7) GeV)(4). A thermal inflation is enough for this purpose. Fortunately, the Affleck-Dine baryogenesis is so efficient that enough baryon asymmetry can survive the late inflation. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,THEORET PHYS GRP,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP deGouvea, A (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Murayama, Hitoshi/A-4286-2011 NR 46 TC 152 Z9 152 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 2 BP 1281 EP 1299 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA XM240 UT WOS:A1997XM24000066 ER PT J AU Shmakova, M AF Shmakova, M TI Calabi-Yau black holes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID MIRROR SYMMETRY; SUPERGRAVITY; THERMODYNAMICS; MAP AB We find the entropy of N=2 extreme black holes associated with general Calabi-Yau moduli space and the prepotential F=d(ABC)((XXXC)-X-A-X-B/X-0). We show that for arbitrary d(ABC) and black hole charges p and q the entropy-area formula depends on combinations of these charges and parameters d(ABC). These combinations are the solutions of a simple system of algebraic equations. We give a few examples of particular Calabi-Yau moduli spaces for which this system has an explicit solution. For the special case when one of the black hole charges is equal to zero (p(0)=0) the solution always exists. C1 STANFORD UNIV, STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR, STANFORD, CA 94309 USA. RP UNIV TENNESSEE, KNOXVILLE, TN 37996 USA. NR 27 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 2 BP R540 EP R544 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.56.R540 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA XM240 UT WOS:A1997XM24000002 ER PT J AU Fan, DA Chen, LQ AF Fan, DA Chen, LQ TI Grain growth and microstructural evolution in a two-dimensional two-phase solid containing only quadrijunctions SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID COMPUTER-SIMULATION C1 PENN STATE UNIV, DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA. RP LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, T-11, MS B262, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. RI Chen, LongQing/I-7536-2012 OI Chen, LongQing/0000-0003-3359-3781 NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 37 IS 2 BP 233 EP 238 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(97)00076-6 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA XF621 UT WOS:A1997XF62100018 ER PT J AU Abraham, DP Richardson, JW McDeavitt, SM AF Abraham, DP Richardson, JW McDeavitt, SM TI Formation of the Fe23Zr6 phase in an Fe-Zr alloy SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM RP Abraham, DP (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM TECHNOL,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 37 IS 2 BP 239 EP 244 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(97)00074-2 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA XF621 UT WOS:A1997XF62100019 ER PT J AU Shoemaker, EL Vogt, MC Dudek, FJ Turner, T AF Shoemaker, EL Vogt, MC Dudek, FJ Turner, T TI Gas microsensors using cyclic voltammetry with a cermet electrochemical cell SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE cyclic voltammetry; solid electrolyte; gas microsensor ID SENSOR AB The sensing characteristics of a cermet electrochemical cell, expressed as NiO/Pt/solid electrolyte/Pt were investigated by applying cyclic voltammetry to the Pt electrodes and measuring changes in ionic current through the solid electrolyte. Features of the current-voltage response (voltammograms) appear to depend uniquely on the type of gas exposed to the cell surface and the solid electrolyte material used. The novel sensors can selectively detect O-2, CO2, and a variety of hydrocarbons. Performance characteristics such as selectivity, sensitivity, speed of response, and temperature dependence were also reported. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 42 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/S0925-4005(97)00178-0 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA YA091 UT WOS:A1997YA09100001 ER PT J AU Aouadi, MS Kleinschmidt, A Clarke, GA Osborne, NR Parsons, RR DaSilva, LB AF Aouadi, MS Kleinschmidt, A Clarke, GA Osborne, NR Parsons, RR DaSilva, LB TI Inconel/carbon multilayers for X-ray mirrors SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE inconel/carbon multilayers; X-ray mirrors ID EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET AB The objective is to find new materials for the fabrication of X-ray mirrors with high reflectance at 45 Angstrom wavelength at normal incidence. We have examined multilayers of inconel and carbon, which have high theoretical reflectivities. Planar magnetron sputtering was used to fabricate mirror samples (period = 22.5 Angstrom) on silicon substrates. Our best 30-period inconel/carbon multilayers had a reflectivity of 0.3%, which was about a factor of 20 below the theoretical maximum (5.5%). Experimental details presented here include our use of an in situ ellipsometer to monitor the thickness of the layers and to provide information on the early stages of film growth and interdiffusion at the interfaces. Interdiffusion was found to occur at the carbon-on-inconel interface because of the rough underlying inconel layer, but not at the inconel-on-carbon interface because of the smooth underlying carbon layer. Interdiffusion at the carbon-on-inconel layer was also found to increase with the number of layers. The accuracy of ellipsometry for monitoring film thickness during deposition was limited by the theoretical model used for the optical constants of the film. As a result, we were not able to improve on the standard technique of 'timing' for control of layer thicknesses. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. RP Aouadi, MS (reprint author), UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,DEPT PHYS,6224 AGR RD,VANCOUVER,BC V6T 1Z1,CANADA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 303 IS 1-2 BP 53 EP 57 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(97)00053-9 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA XM122 UT WOS:A1997XM12200008 ER PT J AU Chow, WW Smowton, PM Blood, P Girndt, A Jahnke, F Koch, SW AF Chow, WW Smowton, PM Blood, P Girndt, A Jahnke, F Koch, SW TI Comparison of experimental and theoretical GaInP quantum well gain spectra SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LASERS; DEPENDENCE; GAAS AB A microscopic analysis of experimental GaInP quantum well gain spectra is presented for a wide range of excitation. A consistent treatment of carrier collision effects, at the level of quantum kinetic theory in the Markovian limit, is found to be necessary for agreement with experiment. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 UNIV WALES COLL CARDIFF,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,CARDIFF CF2 3YB,S GLAM,WALES. UNIV MARBURG,DEPT PHYS,D-35032 MARBURG,GERMANY. UNIV MARBURG,CTR MAT SCI,D-35032 MARBURG,GERMANY. RP Chow, WW (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. OI Smowton, Peter/0000-0002-9105-4842 NR 19 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 14 PY 1997 VL 71 IS 2 BP 157 EP 159 DI 10.1063/1.119489 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA XK160 UT WOS:A1997XK16000003 ER PT J AU Huang, LJ Rajesh, K Lau, WM Wu, XZ Landheer, D Baribeau, JM Ingrey, S AF Huang, LJ Rajesh, K Lau, WM Wu, XZ Landheer, D Baribeau, JM Ingrey, S TI Si/Ge heterostructure on sulphur passivated GaAs(110) SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GAAS; SI; CAPACITANCE; INTERFACES AB The structure and interface state density of thin Si and Si/Ge heterolayers on sulphur passivated GaAs (110) were studied by capacitance-voltage measurements, x-ray scattering, and x-ray absorption with synchrotron radiation. The results show that the reduction of interfacial state density by utilizing Si or Si/Ge thin heterolayers on sulphur passivated GaAs (110) correlates better with the short-range electronic structure at the interface than the commonly believed long-range atomic abruptness. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 NO ILLINOIS UNIV,DEPT PHYS,DE KALB,IL 60115. ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. NATL RES COUNCIL CANADA,OTTAWA,ON O1R 1C7,CANADA. BELL NO RES LTD,OTTAWA,ON K1Y 4H7,CANADA. RP Huang, LJ (reprint author), UNIV WESTERN ONTARIO,DEPT MAT ENGN,LONDON N6A 5B9,ENGLAND. RI Lau, Leo/B-9187-2014 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 14 PY 1997 VL 71 IS 2 BP 237 EP 239 DI 10.1063/1.119508 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA XK160 UT WOS:A1997XK16000030 ER PT J AU Ishikiriyama, K Wunderlich, B AF Ishikiriyama, K Wunderlich, B TI Melting of poly(oxyethylene) analyzed by temperature-modulated calorimetry SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; CRYSTALLIZATION AB Recently a small amount of locally reversible melting was observed in semicrystalline poly(ethylene terephthalate) during temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry (TMDSC). To further study the reversibility of melting, poly(oxyethylene) (POE) is analyzed. Low molar mass POE is known to be able to form extended-chain, equilibrium crystals, while at higher molar mass and less favorable crystallization conditions, nonequilibrium, folded-chain crystals grow. The TMDSC of POE reveals variable amounts of reversible melting depending on crystallization conditions and molar mass. The crystals closest to equilibrium show no reversible melting, proving the inherently irreversible nature of polymer melting. Crystals of high molar mass show a small amount of the prior discovered locally reversible melting. Poorly crystallized POE of low molar mass have, because of their lower zero-entropy-production melting temperature, a sufficiently smaller gap between crystallization and melting temperature to show some reversing melting. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, DIV CHEM & ANALYT SCI, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. RP Ishikiriyama, K (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE, DEPT CHEM, KNOXVILLE, TN 37996 USA. NR 34 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUL 14 PY 1997 VL 30 IS 14 BP 4126 EP 4131 DI 10.1021/ma961795q PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA XK734 UT WOS:A1997XK73400027 ER PT J AU Clarke, CJ Eisenberg, A LaScala, J Rafailovich, MH Sokolov, J Li, Z Qu, S Nguyen, D Schwarz, SA Strzhemechny, Y Sauer, BB AF Clarke, CJ Eisenberg, A LaScala, J Rafailovich, MH Sokolov, J Li, Z Qu, S Nguyen, D Schwarz, SA Strzhemechny, Y Sauer, BB TI Measurements of the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter for polystyrene-poly(4-vinylpyridine) blends SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID DIBLOCK COPOLYMER FILMS; POLYMER-POLYMER INTERFACES; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; IMMISCIBLE POLYMERS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; FREE-SURFACE; SEGREGATION; MULTIPLETS; PAIR AB We have measured the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter (chi) for blends of polystyrene (PS) and poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) by three different methods. First, we measured the micelle spacings in microphase-separated films of PS-P4VP diblock copolymers by secondary ion mass spectrometry and atomic force microscopy. Second, we measured the contact angle of droplets of homopolymer PS on P4VP homopolymer film. Finally we determined the interfacial width between homopolymer layers of dPS and P4VP by neutron reflectometry. From each of these experiments chi was calculated using mean field theory in the strong segregation limit. These values of chi are much larger than those of other nonionic polymer pairs. Pie discuss the importance of this findings. C1 MCGILL UNIV,DEPT CHEM,MONTREAL,PQ H3A 2K6,CANADA. SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. CUNY QUEENS COLL,DEPT PHYS,FLUSHING,NY 11367. DUPONT CO INC,EXPT STN,WILMINGTON,DE 19880. RI Eisenberg, Adi/B-8676-2008 NR 34 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 5 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUL 14 PY 1997 VL 30 IS 14 BP 4184 EP 4188 DI 10.1021/ma961135l PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA XK734 UT WOS:A1997XK73400036 ER PT J AU Smith, AB AF Smith, AB TI Neutron scattering from elemental silver SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article DE measured silver neutron d sigma/d8 Omega(el) and d sigma/d Omega(inel) 1.5->10 MeV; optical statistical and coupled-channels models; model systematics ID OPTICAL-MODEL; CROSS-SECTIONS; NUCLEI; AG-105; BANDS AB Differential neutron elastic-scattering cross sections of elemental silver were measured from 1.5 --> 10 MeV at scattering angles distributed between approximate to 17 degrees and 160 degrees. Cross sections for ten inelastically scattered neutron groups were determined, corresponding to observed excitations of 328 +/- 13, 419 +/- 50, 748 +/- 25, 908 +/- 26, 1150 +/- 38, 1286 +/- 25, 1507 +/- 20, 1623 +/- 30, 1835 +/- 20, and 1944 +/- 26 keV, all of which were composites of contributions from the two isotopes Ag-107 and Ag-109. The experimental results were interpreted in terms of the spherical-optical and rotational and vibrational coupled-channels models. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP Smith, AB (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD JUL 14 PY 1997 VL 620 IS 3 BP 249 EP 264 DI 10.1016/S0375-9474(97)00149-8 PG 16 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA XM236 UT WOS:A1997XM23600001 ER PT J AU Schwengner, R Winter, G Schauer, W Grinberg, M Becker, F vonBrentano, P Eberth, J Enders, J vonEgidy, T Herzberg, RD Huxel, N Kaubler, L vonNeumannCosel, P Nicolay, N Ott, J Pietralla, N Prade, H Raman, S Reif, J Richter, A Schlegel, C Schnare, H Servene, T Skoda, S Steinhardt, T Stoyanov, C Thomas, HG Wiedenhover, I Zilges, A AF Schwengner, R Winter, G Schauer, W Grinberg, M Becker, F vonBrentano, P Eberth, J Enders, J vonEgidy, T Herzberg, RD Huxel, N Kaubler, L vonNeumannCosel, P Nicolay, N Ott, J Pietralla, N Prade, H Raman, S Reif, J Richter, A Schlegel, C Schnare, H Servene, T Skoda, S Steinhardt, T Stoyanov, C Thomas, HG Wiedenhover, I Zilges, A TI Two-phonon J=1 states in even-mass Te isotopes with A=122-130 SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article DE Te-122(gamma,gamma'), E-max=4.5 MeV, Te-126(gamma gamma'), E-max=4.5 MeV, Te-130(gamma gamma'), E-max=5.5 MeV, measured E-gamma,I-gamma(Theta); Te-122, Te-126, Te-130 deduced levels, J, Gamma, Beta(sigma lambda); enriched targets; Ge detectors ID NUCLEI; TRANSITION; 2-PHONON; TE-124; EXCITATIONS; SCATTERING; STRENGTH; BA-140; CE-142; ND-144 AB Excited states of the nuclei Te-122,Te-126,Te-130 were populated via the (gamma,gamma') reaction at endpoint energies of the bremsstrahlung between 4.5 and 5.5 MeV. Gamma rays were detected with a EUROBALL CLUSTER detector and a single HPGe detector, In all investigated nuclei two or three prominent dipole transitions were identified at E-gamma approximate to 3 MeV, The corresponding low-lying J = 1 states are interpreted as two-phonon excitations. Quasiparticle-phonon-model calculations predict at about 3 MeV one 1(-) state arising from the coupling of the first quadrupole and the first octupole phonon, and one 1(+) state arising from the coupling of the first and the second quadrupole phonon, where the latter has isovector character. Such an excitation mode can be considered as an analogue of the scissors mode in vibrational nuclei. The calculated transition strengths are compatible with experimental ones within a factor of about 1.5. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 TECH UNIV MUNICH,DEPT PHYS,D-85747 GARCHING,GERMANY. BULGARIAN ACAD SCI,INST NUCL RES & NUCL ENERGY,BU-1784 SOFIA,BULGARIA. UNIV COLOGNE,INST KERNPHYS,D-50937 COLOGNE,GERMANY. TH DARMSTADT,INST KERNPHYS,D-64289 DARMSTADT,GERMANY. TECH UNIV DRESDEN,INST KERN & TEILCHENPHYS,D-01062 DRESDEN,GERMANY. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV PHYS,OAK RIDGE,TN 37830. YALE UNIV,WRIGHT NUCL STRUCT LAB,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520. RP Schwengner, R (reprint author), ROSSENDORF INC,FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM ROSSENDORF EV,INST KERN & HADRONENPHYS,POSTFACH 510119,D-01314 DRESDEN,GERMANY. RI Enders, Joachim/B-5501-2009; Zilges, Andreas/G-9984-2011; Herzberg, Rolf-Dietmar/E-1558-2011 OI Enders, Joachim/0000-0002-8441-378X; NR 36 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD JUL 14 PY 1997 VL 620 IS 3 BP 277 EP 295 DI 10.1016/S0375-9474(97)00169-3 PG 19 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA XM236 UT WOS:A1997XM23600003 ER PT J AU Atwood, D Gronau, M Soni, A AF Atwood, D Gronau, M Soni, A TI Mixing-induced CP asymmetries in radiative B decays in and beyond the standard model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LEFT-RIGHT SYMMETRY; PROCESS B->S-GAMMA; VIOLATION; PARITY; MASS; WR AB In the standard model (SM) the photon in radiative (B) over bar(0) and (B) over bar(s) decays is predominantly left handed. Thus, mixing-induced CP asymmetries in b --> s gamma and b --> d gamma are suppressed by m(s)/m(b) and m(d)/m(b), respectively, and are very small. In many extensions of the SM, such as the left-right symmetric model (LRSM), the amplitude of right-handed photons grows proportional to the virtual heavy fermion mass, which can lead to large asymmetries. In the LRSM, asymmetries larger than 50% are possible even when radiative decay rate measurements agree with SM predictions. C1 TECHNION ISRAEL INST TECHNOL,DEPT PHYS,IL-32000 HAIFA,ISRAEL. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,THEORY GRP,UPTON,NY 11973. RP Atwood, D (reprint author), CONTINUOUS ELECTRON BEAM ACCELERATOR FACIL CTR,THEORY GRP,NEWPORT NEWS,VA 23606, USA. NR 37 TC 145 Z9 145 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 14 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 2 BP 185 EP 188 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.185 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XK293 UT WOS:A1997XK29300002 ER PT J AU Tsimring, LS Aranson, IS AF Tsimring, LS Aranson, IS TI Localized and cellular patterns in a vibrated granular layer SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INSTABILITY; TRANSITION; DISORDER; CHAOS AB We propose a phenomenological model for pattern formation in a vertically vibrated layer of granular material. This model exhibits a variety of stable cellular patterns, including standing rolls and squares as well as localized objects (oscillons and worms), similar to recent experimental observations [Umbanhowar, Melo, and Swinney, Nature (London) 382, 793 (1996)]. The model is an amplitude equation for the parametrical instability coupled to the mass conservation law. The structure and dynamics of the solutions resemble closely the properties of localized and cellular patterns observed in the experiments. C1 BAR ILAN UNIV,DEPT PHYS,IL-52900 RAMAT GAN,ISRAEL. ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP Tsimring, LS (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,INST NONLINEAR SCI,LA JOLLA,CA 92093, USA. RI Aranson, Igor/I-4060-2013 NR 28 TC 134 Z9 134 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 14 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 2 BP 213 EP 216 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.213 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XK293 UT WOS:A1997XK29300009 ER PT J AU Chen, CP Pakter, R Davidson, RC AF Chen, CP Pakter, R Davidson, RC TI Rigid-rotor Vlasov equilibrium for an intense charged-particle beam propagating through a periodic solenoidal magnetic field SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STABILITY AB A new rigid-rotor Vlasov equilibrium is obtained for an intense, axisymmetric charged-particle beam with uniform density in the radial direction propagating through a periodic solenoidal focusing field. The beam envelope equation is derived, and examples of periodically focused rigid-rotor Vlasov equilibria are presented. Statistical properties and possible applications of the present beam equilibrium are also discussed. C1 PRINCETON UNIV,PLASMA PHYS LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08543. RP Chen, CP (reprint author), MIT,PLASMA SCI & FUS CTR,77 MASSACHUSETTS AVE,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139, USA. NR 9 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 14 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 2 BP 225 EP 228 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.225 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XK293 UT WOS:A1997XK29300012 ER PT J AU Molvik, AW Ellingboe, AR Rognlien, TD AF Molvik, AW Ellingboe, AR Rognlien, TD TI Hot-electron production and wave structure in a helicon plasma source SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Energetic wave-trapped electrons of similar to 20 eV, moving at the 13.56 MHz helicon wave phase velocity, are directly measured with a 3 ns response-time retarding-potential analyzer. The rf axial wavelength is measured with B-dot probes scanned axially. Changes in the axial magnetic field or the rf power cause order of magnitude changes in the energetic electron current. The current correlates with either a transition from partially propagating to nearly pure standing waves or quantized jumps in the number of half wavelengths between the two azimuthal antenna straps. RP Molvik, AW (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 23 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 14 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 2 BP 233 EP 236 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.233 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XK293 UT WOS:A1997XK29300014 ER PT J AU Hofmann, P Briner, BG Doering, M Rust, HP Plummer, EW Bradshaw, AM AF Hofmann, P Briner, BG Doering, M Rust, HP Plummer, EW Bradshaw, AM TI Anisotropic two-dimensional Friedel oscillations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SURFACE AB Scanning tunneling microscopy at 4 K shows highly anisotropic screening charge density oscillations on Be(<10(1)over bar 0>) in the vicinity of surface defects and steps. The forms of these oscillations, which derive from the Friedel oscillations, can be directly related to the two-dimensional band structure of the surface (two electron pockets at the boundary of the surface Brillouin zone). Simple calculations show that the Friedel oscillations in such a case will contain major contributions from wavelengths which do not correspond to any Fermi wave vector. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. MAX PLANCK GESELL,FRITZ HABER INST,D-14195 BERLIN,GERMANY. RP Hofmann, P (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996, USA. RI Hofmann, Philip/B-5938-2008 OI Hofmann, Philip/0000-0002-7367-5821 NR 21 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 14 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 2 BP 265 EP 268 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.265 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XK293 UT WOS:A1997XK29300022 ER PT J AU Nielsen, MA Chuang, IL AF Nielsen, MA Chuang, IL TI Programmable quantum gate arrays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COMPUTATION AB We show how to construct quantum gate arrays that can be programmed to perform different unitary operations on a data register, depending on the input to some program register. It is shown that a universal quantum gate array - a gate array which can be programmed to perform any unitary operation - exists only if one allows the gate array to operate in a probabilistic fashion. Thus it is not possible to build a fixed, general purpose quantum computer which can be programmed to perform an arbitrary quantum computation. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Nielsen, MA (reprint author), UNIV NEW MEXICO,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,CTR ADV STUDIES,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131, USA. NR 9 TC 182 Z9 186 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 14 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 2 BP 321 EP 324 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.321 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XK293 UT WOS:A1997XK29300036 ER PT J AU Aharonov, Y Nussinov, S Pospescu, S Reznik, B AF Aharonov, Y Nussinov, S Pospescu, S Reznik, B TI Aharonov-Bohm type forces between magnetic fluxons SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article AB Interactions related to A-B phases exist between fluxons with Phi = alpha Phi(0), alpha not equal integer when the fluxons are actually immersed in a region with non-vanishing mobile charge density. In particular, for the interesting case of alpha = 1/2 we find that this force is attractive. We briefly comment on the prospects of observing such forces. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 UNIV S CAROLINA,DEPT PHYS,COLUMBIA,SC 29208. UNIV CAMBRIDGE,ISAAC NEWTON INST,CAMBRIDGE CB3 0EH,ENGLAND. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,THEORET DEVIS T 6,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Aharonov, Y (reprint author), TEL AVIV UNIV,SCH PHYS & ASTRON,IL-69978 TEL AVIV,ISRAEL. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD JUL 14 PY 1997 VL 231 IS 5-6 BP 299 EP 303 DI 10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00335-6 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XM610 UT WOS:A1997XM61000002 ER PT J AU Altherr, MR Wright, TJ Denison, K PerezCastro, AV Johnson, VP AF Altherr, MR Wright, TJ Denison, K PerezCastro, AV Johnson, VP TI Delimiting the Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome critical region to 750 kilobase pairs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome; physical mapping; segmental aneusomy; human birth defect; deletion syndrome ID HUNTINGTON DISEASE GENE; DISTAL CHROMOSOME 4P; INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; CANDIDATE REGION; COSMID CLONES; SHORT ARM; MUTATIONS; DELETION; DNA; SEQUENCE AB Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a multiple anomaly condition characterized by mental and developmental defects, resulting from the absence of the distal segment of one chromosome 4 short arm (4p16.3). Owing to the complex and variable expression of this disorder, it is thought that the WHS is a contiguous gene syndrome with an undefined number of genes contributing to the phenotype. The 2.2 Mbp genomic segment previously defined as the critical region by the analyses of patients with terminal or interstitial deletions is extremely gene dense and an intensive investigation of the developmental role of all the genes contained within it would be daunting and expensive, Further refinement in the definition of the critical region would be valuable but depends on available patient material and accurate clinical evaluation. In this study, we have utilized fluorescence in situ hybridization to further characterize a WHS patient previously demonstrated to have an interstitial deletion and demonstrate that the distal breakpoint occurs between the loci FGFR3 and D4S168. This reduces the critical region for this syndrome to less than 750 kbp. This has the effect of eliminating several genes previously proposed as contributing to this syndrome and allows further research to focus on a more restricted region of the genome and a limited set of genes for their role in the WHS syndrome. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 UNIV CALIF IRVINE,DEPT BIOL CHEM,IRVINE,CA 92717. UNIV S DAKOTA,SCH MED,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,VERMILLION,SD 57069. RP Altherr, MR (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,GENOM GRP LS3,DIV LIFE SCI,MAIL STOP M888,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 55 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD JUL 11 PY 1997 VL 71 IS 1 BP 47 EP 53 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19970711)71:1<47::AID-AJMG9>3.0.CO;2-N PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA XG442 UT WOS:A1997XG44200009 PM 9215768 ER PT J AU Balestrieri, ML Servillo, L Lee, TC AF Balestrieri, ML Servillo, L Lee, TC TI The role of platelet-activating factor-dependent transacetylase in the biosynthesis of 1-acyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine by stimulated endothelial cells SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RAT SPLEEN MICROSOMES; ALKYL ETHER ANALOG; FACTOR PAF; 1-ALKYL-2-LYSO-SN-GLYCERO-3-PHOSPHOCHOLINE-ACETYL-COA ACETYLTRANSFERASE; FACTOR 1-ALKYL-2-ACETYL-SN-GLYCERO-3-PHOSPHOCHOLINE; INDEPENDENT TRANSACYLASE; FACTOR ACETYLHYDROLASE; HUMAN NEUTROPHILS; PROTEIN-KINASE; HL-60 CELLS AB Acyl analogs of platelet-activating factor (PAF) (1-acyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, acylacetyl-GPC) are the predominant products synthesized during thrombin or ionophore A23187-mediated activation of endothelial cells, However, the biosynthetic pathway responsible for the production of acylacetyl-GPC is not well understood, In the present investigation, we have demonstrated that the acyl analogs of PAF are also the major products from calf pulmonary artery endothelial cells in response to a time-dependent stimulation of ATP (10(-3) M), bradykinin (10(-8) M), or ionophore A23187 (2 mu M) In addition, we have found that the CoA-independent PAF:acyllyso-GPC transacetylase recently identified by us is concurrently and transiently induced with maximal 4-fold enhancement at 5 min and returned to near basal level by 10 min treatment of endothelial cells with ATP. Acid phosphatase reduces the increased PAF:acyllyso-GPC transacetylase activity from the homogenates of ATP-activated endothelial cells, Reduced PAF:acyllyso-GPC transacetylase activity can be restored by incubating the acid phosphatase-treated homogenates with ATP (5 mM) and Mg2+ (10 mM), Furthermore, okadaic acid, a protein phosphatase I and 2A inhibitor, incubated with endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner (1-100 nM) for 10-min potentiates and sustained the stimulation of PAF:acyllyso-GPC transacetylase activity by ATP. On the other hand, genistein, tyrphostin-25 (inhibitors of tyrosine-specific protein kinase), and calphostin C (an inhibitor of protein kinase C) block the activation of PAF:acyllyso-GPC transacetylase by ATP, These results are consistent with the notion that ATP regulates the transacetylase activity by reversible activation and inactivation via the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation cycle, ATP also augments the activities of alkyllyso-GPC/acyllyso-GPC:acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, However, the activation of the acetyltransferases precedes that of the transacetylase with peak activation occurring at 1-2 min of the ATP treatment, In addition, sodium vanadate, also an inhibitor of protein phosphatase, stimulates the increase in the incorporation of [H-3]acetate into acyl[H-3]acetyl-GPC of the ATP-treated endothelial cells, Collectively, our data show that both acetyltransferases and transacetylase participate in and contribute to the biosynthesis of acyl analogs of PAF in a coordinate fashion in endothelial cells. C1 OAK RIDGE ASSOCIATED UNIV,ENVIRONM & HLTH SCI DIV,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. UNIV NAPLES,DEPT BIOCHEM & BIOPHYS F CEDRANGOLO,I-80138 NAPLES,ITALY. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL52492] NR 58 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUL 11 PY 1997 VL 272 IS 28 BP 17431 EP 17437 DI 10.1074/jbc.272.28.17431 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA XK165 UT WOS:A1997XK16500029 PM 9211886 ER PT J AU Hall, JA Thorgeirsson, TE Liu, J Shin, YK Nikaido, H AF Hall, JA Thorgeirsson, TE Liu, J Shin, YK Nikaido, H TI Two modes of ligand binding in maltose-binding protein of Escherichia coli - Electron paramagnetic resonance study of ligand-induced global conformational changes by site-directed spin labeling SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE-TRANSPORT; MEMBRANE; OVERPRODUCTION; SPECTROSCOPY; CHEMOTAXIS; RECEPTOR; MUTANTS; SYSTEM AB Binding of ligands to the maltose-binding protein (MBP) of Escherichia coli often causes a global conformational change involving the closure of its two lobes. We have introduced a cysteine residue onto each of these lobes by site-directed mutagenesis and modified these residues with spin labels. Using EPR spectroscopy, we examined the changes, caused by the Ligand binding, in distance between the two spin labels, hence between the two lobes. The binding of both maltose and maltotetraose induced a considerable closure of the N- and C-terminal lobes of MBP, Little closure occurred upon the binding of maltotetraitol or beta-cyclodextrin. Previous study by fluorescence and UV differential absorbance spectroscopy (Ball, J. A., Gehring, K., and Nikaido, H. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 17605-17609) showed that maltose and a large portion of maltotetraose bound to MBP via one mode (R mode or ''end-on'' mode), which is physiologically active and leads to the subsequent transport of the ligands across the cytoplasmic membrane, in contrast, maltotetraitol and beta-cyclodextrin bound to MBP via a different mode (B mode or ''middle'' mode), which is physiologically inactive. The present work suggests that the B mode is nonproductive because ligands binding in this manner prevent the closure of the two domains of MBP, and, as a result, the resulting ligand-MBP complex is incapable of interacting properly with the inner membrane-associated transporter complex. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT MOL & CELL BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT CHEM,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV STRUCT BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. OI Liu, Jun/0000-0002-0522-6733; Thorgeirsson, Thorgeir/0000-0002-5149-7040 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-09644]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-51290] NR 24 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUL 11 PY 1997 VL 272 IS 28 BP 17610 EP 17614 DI 10.1074/jbc.272.28.17610 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA XK165 UT WOS:A1997XK16500052 PM 9211909 ER PT J AU Lim, JH Yu, YG Han, YS Cho, SJ Ahn, BY Kim, SH Cho, YJ AF Lim, JH Yu, YG Han, YS Cho, SJ Ahn, BY Kim, SH Cho, YJ TI The crystal structure of an Fe-superoxide dismutase from the hyperthermophile Aquifex pyrophilus at 1.9 angstrom resolution: Structural basis for thermostability SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE superoxide dismutase; hyperthermophile; ion-pair; thermostability; Aquifex pyrophilus ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; 2.5-ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; THERMUS-THERMOPHILUS; PROTEIN-STRUCTURE; MANGANESE; IRON; STABILITY; ENZYMES; PROGRAM; DEHYDROGENASE AB Superoxide dismutase (SOD) from Aquifex pyrophilus, a hyperthermophilic bacterium, is an extremely heat-stable enzyme that maintains about 70% of its activity after heat treatment for 60 minutes at 100 degrees C. To understand the molecular basis of thermostability of this enzyme, we have determined the crystal structure of A. pyrophilus superoxide dismutase (Ap SOD), an Fe containing homotetrameric enzyme, at 1.9 Angstrom resolution, and compared it with SOD structures from a mesophile and a thermophile, and other enzyme structures from other hyperthermophiles. The structure has been refined to a crystallographic X-factor (I > 2 sigma) of 17.0% and R-free (I > 2 sigma) of 19.9%. While the overall structure of the Ap SOD monomer is similar to the other SODs, significant conformational differences are observed in a highly variable loop region and the C-terminal helix. The conformational differences in these regions alter the subunit arrangement of this enzyme and generate a very compact tetramer. Structural comparisons of three SODs have revealed that Ap SOD has some stabilizing features at both the tertiary and the quaternary structural level: The Ap SOD monomer contains a large number of ion-pairs and the Ap SOD tetramer has a dramatically increased buried surface area per monomer. Comparisons of the Ap SOD structure with that of other known enzymes from hyperthermophiles reveal that the increased number of intrasubunit ion-pairs is a common feature. (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited. C1 KOREA ADV INST SCI & TECHNOL,STRUCT BIOL CTR,SEOUL,SOUTH KOREA. KOREA UNIV,DEPT GENET ENGN,SEOUL 136701,SOUTH KOREA. SEOUL NATL UNIV,DEPT CHEM,SEOUL,SOUTH KOREA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT CHEM,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 44 TC 106 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD JUL 11 PY 1997 VL 270 IS 2 BP 259 EP 274 DI 10.1006/jmbi.1997.1105 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA XK877 UT WOS:A1997XK87700012 PM 9236127 ER PT J AU Semertzidis, YK Farley, FJM AF Semertzidis, YK Farley, FJM TI Effect of light flash on photocathodes SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article AB We have measured the discharge of the bi-alkali (high resistivity) photocathode of the 2 inch diameter Hamamatsu photomultiplier type R1828-01 when its surface is uniformly illuminated with 5 x 10(8) photons. The gain of the tube (when operated at - 1800 V) is reduced by 7% immediately after the flash, and recovers with a time constant of about 50 mu s. Time delays are also affected, Photomultipliers with multi-alkali (low resistivity) photocathodes do not show these effects. C1 YALE UNIV,JW GIBBS LAB,NEW HAVEN,CT 06511. RP Semertzidis, YK (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT PHYS,BLDG 510A,POB 5000,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. RI Semertzidis, Yannis K./N-1002-2013 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 1997 VL 394 IS 1-2 BP 7 EP 12 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(96)00925-4 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA XU638 UT WOS:A1997XU63800002 ER PT J AU Bross, A Chaves, A Costa, J Johnson, M Moreira, L Thompson, J AF Bross, A Chaves, A Costa, J Johnson, M Moreira, L Thompson, J TI Time resolution and linearity measurements for a scintillating fiber-detector instrumented with VLPCs SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article AB The time resolution for charged particle detection is reported for a typical scintillating fiber detector instrumented with Rockwell HISTE-IV Visible Light Photon Counters (VLPC). The resolution measurements are shown to agree with a simple Monte-Carlo model, and the model is used to make recommendations for improved performance. In addition, the gain linearity of a sample of VLPC devices was measured. The gain is shown to be linear for incident light intensities which produce up to approximately 600 photoelectrons per event. C1 FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,BATAVIA,IL 60510. CEFET EN,LAFEX,RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT PHYS,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 1997 VL 394 IS 1-2 BP 87 EP 96 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(97)00665-7 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA XU638 UT WOS:A1997XU63800011 ER PT J AU Rohlsberger, R Gerdau, E Ruffer, R Sturhahn, W Toellner, TS Chumakov, AI Alp, EE AF Rohlsberger, R Gerdau, E Ruffer, R Sturhahn, W Toellner, TS Chumakov, AI Alp, EE TI X-ray optics for mu eV-resolved spectroscopy SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR RESONANT SCATTERING; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION AB A new spectroscopic technique is introduced that allows tuning of a mu eV-wide beam of synchrotron radiation over a range of a few meV. It relies on nuclear resonant scattering in combination with a polarization filtering technique. The spectrometer consists of a crystal polarizer/analyzer pair in crossed setting with a grazing incidence reflection from a Fe-57-coated rotating mirror in between that acts as Doppler shifter. The demonstrated features of the new technique lay a base for mu eV-resolved inelastic X-ray spectroscopy. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,ADV PHOTON SOURCE,ARGONNE,IL 60439. INST EXPT PHYS 2,D-22761 HAMBURG,GERMANY. EUROPEAN SYNCHROTRON RADIAT FACIL,F-38043 GRENOBLE,FRANCE. RI Rohlsberger, Ralf/J-4173-2013 OI Rohlsberger, Ralf/0000-0001-6005-5183 NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 1997 VL 394 IS 1-2 BP 251 EP 255 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(97)00710-9 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA XU638 UT WOS:A1997XU63800031 ER PT J AU Greenbaum, E Lee, JW Tevault, CV Blankinship, SL Owens, TG Mets, LJ AF Greenbaum, E Lee, JW Tevault, CV Blankinship, SL Owens, TG Mets, LJ TI Photosystem I measurements in mutants B4 and F8 of Chlamydomonas SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 CORNELL UNIV,ITHACA,NY 14853. UNIV CHICAGO,CHICAGO,IL 60637. RP Greenbaum, E (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 11 PY 1997 VL 277 IS 5323 BP 166 EP 167 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XK418 UT WOS:A1997XK41800005 ER PT J AU Mesecar, AD Stoddard, BL Koshland, DE AF Mesecar, AD Stoddard, BL Koshland, DE TI Orbital steering in the catalytic power of enzymes: Small structural changes with large catalytic consequences SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT ISOCITRATE DEHYDROGENASE; NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE-DINUCLEOTIDE; LIVER DIHYDROFOLATE-REDUCTASE; HYDRIDE-DONATION REACTION; TRANSITION-STATE; PIG-HEART; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; SUBSTRATE BINDING; GLUTATHIONE-REDUCTASE; STO-3G CALCULATIONS AB Small structural perturbations in the enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) were made in order to evaluate the contribution of precise substrate alignment to the catalytic power of an enzyme. The reaction trajectory of IDH was modified (i) after the adenine moiety of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate was changed to hypoxanthine (the 6-amino was changed to 6-hydroxyl), and (ii) by replacing Mg2+, which has six coordinating ligands, with Ca2+, which has eight coordinating ligands. Both changes make large (10(-3) to 10(-5)) changes in the reaction velocity but only small changes in the orientation of the substrates (both distance and angle) as revealed by cryocrystallographic trapping of active IDH complexes. The results provide evidence that orbital overlap produced by optimal orientation of reacting orbitals plays a major quantitative role in the catalytic power of enzymes. C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB,CTR ADV MAT,BERKELEY,CA. FRED HUTCHINSON CANC RES CTR,PROGRAM STRUCT BIOL,DIV BASIC SCI,SEATTLE,WA 98104. RP Mesecar, AD (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT MOL & CELL BIOL,229 STANLEY HALL,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. OI Mesecar, Andrew/0000-0002-1241-2577 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM49857] NR 61 TC 163 Z9 165 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 11 PY 1997 VL 277 IS 5323 BP 202 EP 206 DI 10.1126/science.277.5323.202 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XK418 UT WOS:A1997XK41800034 PM 9211842 ER PT J AU Muller, RA MacDonald, GJ AF Muller, RA MacDonald, GJ TI Glacial cycles and astronomical forcing SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EARTHS ORBIT; OCEAN; FLUX; TIMESCALE; ORIGIN; HE-3 AB Narrow spectral features in ocean sediment records offer strong evidence that the cycles of glaciation were driven by astronomical forces. Two million years ago, the cycles match the 41,000-year period of Earth's obliquity. This supports the Croll/Milankovitch theory, which attributes the cycles to variations in insolation. But for the past million years, the spectrum is dominated by a single 100,000-year feature and is a poor match to the predictions of insolation models. The spectrum can be accounted for by a theory that derives the cycles of glaciation from variations in the inclination of Earth's orbital plane. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. INT INST APPL SYST ANAL,A-2361 LAXENBURG,AUSTRIA. RP Muller, RA (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 37 TC 101 Z9 109 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 11 PY 1997 VL 277 IS 5323 BP 215 EP 218 DI 10.1126/science.277.5323.215 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XK418 UT WOS:A1997XK41800038 ER PT J AU Mansell, JD Neal, DR Smith, SW AF Mansell, JD Neal, DR Smith, SW TI Binary-optic smoothing with isotropic etching SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE binary optic smoothing; isotropic etching; surface modification ID MASS-TRANSPORT; MICROLENSES AB Binary optics are an important part of modern optics, but they have some inherent problems because of their binary nature. The optics cannot achieve maximum efficiency unless the rms surface error can be reduced. A technique for smoothing jagged surfaces by use of isotropic etching is presented. We show that etching smoothes the binary nature and improves the optical efficiency. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87123. CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,DEPT ELECT ENGN & APPL PHYS,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. OI Neal, Daniel/0000-0002-1144-3187 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 10 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 20 BP 4644 EP 4647 DI 10.1364/AO.36.004644 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA XK219 UT WOS:A1997XK21900003 PM 18259259 ER PT J AU Snyder, RD Feld, SA Stanko, PJ Hayes, EM Robinson, GY Wilmsen, CW Geib, KM Choquette, KD AF Snyder, RD Feld, SA Stanko, PJ Hayes, EM Robinson, GY Wilmsen, CW Geib, KM Choquette, KD TI Database filter: Optoelectronic design and implementation SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE optical computing; smart pixel arrays; vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser; optoelectronic logic gates ID SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS AB The results of a successful demonstration of the selection module of an optoelectronic parallel-processing database filter is presented. The module utilizes 4 x 4 arrays of AND and XOR logic gates that respectively perform the functions of reducing the data fields and determining a match between the input data and a selection argument. The logic arrays were fabricated with InGaP/GaAs heterojunction phototransistors that drive vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL's). The VCSEL's provide the free-space optical interconnection between stages. The design of the system and the optical power budget are discussed. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87123. RP Snyder, RD (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT ENGN,CTR OPTOELECT COMP SYST,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 10 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 20 BP 4881 EP 4889 DI 10.1364/AO.36.004881 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA XK219 UT WOS:A1997XK21900036 PM 18259292 ER PT J AU Jedamzik, K Fuller, GM AF Jedamzik, K Fuller, GM TI Is deuterium in high-redshift Lyman limit systems primordial? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology, theory; nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances; quasars, absorption lines ID ABSORPTION-LINE SYSTEMS; ALPHA FOREST; EVOLUTION; RADIATION; ORIGIN; STARS; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; ABUNDANCE; CLOUDS AB Defections of deuterium in high-redshift Lyman limit absorption systems along the line of sight to QSOs promise to reveal the primordial deuterium abundance. At present, the deuterium abundances (D/H) derived from the very few systems observed are significantly discordant. Assuming the validity of all the data, if this discordance does not reflect intrinsic primordial inhomogeneity, then it must arise from processes operating after the primordial nucleosynthesis epoch. We consider processes that might lead to significant deuterium production or destruction and yet allow the cloud to mimic a chemically unevolved system. These processes include, for example, anomalous/stochastic chemical evolution and D/He-4 photodestruction. In general, we find it unlikely that these processes could have significantly altered D/H in Lyman limit clouds. We argue that chemical evolution scenarios, unless very finely tuned, cannot account for significant local deuterium depletion since they tend to overproduce C-12, even when allowance is made for possible outflow. Similarly, D/He-4 photodestruction schemes engineered to locally produce or destroy deuterium founder on the necessity of requiring an improbably large gamma-ray source density. Future observations of D/H in Lyman limit systems may provide important insight into the initial conditions for the primordial nucleosynthesis process, early chemical evolution, and the galaxy formation process. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, DEPT PHYS, SAN DIEGO, CA 92093 USA. RP Jedamzik, K (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, INST GEOPHYS & PLANETARY PHYS, 7000 E AVE, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. NR 44 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 1997 VL 483 IS 2 BP 560 EP 564 DI 10.1086/304288 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XL759 UT WOS:A1997XL75900003 ER PT J AU Perlmutter, S Gabi, S Goldhaber, G Goobar, A Groom, DE Hook, IM Kim, AG Kim, MY Lee, JC Pain, R Pennypacker, CR Small, IA Ellis, RS McMahon, RG Boyle, BJ Bunclark, PS Carter, D Irwin, MJ Glazebrook, K Newberg, HJM Filippenko, AV Matheson, T Dopita, M Couch, WJ AF Perlmutter, S Gabi, S Goldhaber, G Goobar, A Groom, DE Hook, IM Kim, AG Kim, MY Lee, JC Pain, R Pennypacker, CR Small, IA Ellis, RS McMahon, RG Boyle, BJ Bunclark, PS Carter, D Irwin, MJ Glazebrook, K Newberg, HJM Filippenko, AV Matheson, T Dopita, M Couch, WJ TI Measurements of the cosmological parameters Omega and Lambda from the first seven supernovae at z>=0.35 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology, observations; distance scale; supernovae, general ID IA SUPERNOVAE; HUBBLE DIAGRAM; CONSTANT; SN-1991T; GALAXIES; 1991BG AB We have developed a technique to systematically discover and study high-redshift supernovae that can be used to measure the cosmological parameters. We report here results based on the initial seven of more than 28 supernovae discovered to date in the high-redshift supernova search of the Supernova Cosmology Project. We find an observational dispersion in peak magnitudes of sigma(MB)=0.27; this dispersion narrows to sigma(MB,corr)=0.19 after ''correcting'' the magnitudes using the light-curve ''width-luminosity'' relation found for nearby (z less than or equal to 0.1) Type Ia supernovae from the Calan/Tololo survey (Hamuy et al.). Comparing light-curve width-corrected magnitudes as a function of redshift of our distant (z=0.35-0.46) supernovae to those of nearby Type Ia supernovae yields a global measurement of the mass density, Omega(M)=0.88(-0.60)(+0.69) for a Lambda = 0 cosmology. For a spatially flat universe (i.e., Omega(M) + Omega(Lambda) = 1), we find Omega=0.94(-0.28)(+0.34) or, equivalently, a measurement of the cosmological constant, Omega(Lambda) = 0.06(-0.34)(+0.28) (<0.51 at the 95% confidence level). For the more general Friedmann-Lemaitre cosmologies with independent Omega(M) and Omega(Lambda), the results are presented as a confidence region on the Omega(M)-Omega(Lambda) plane. This region does not correspond to a unique value of the deceleration parameter q(0). We present analyses and checks for statistical and systematic errors and also show that our results do not depend on the specifics of the width-luminosity correction. The results for Omega(Lambda)-versus-Omega(M) are inconsistent with Lambda-dominated, low-density, flat cosmologies that have been proposed to reconcile the ages of globular cluster stars with higher Hubble constant values. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, CTR PARTICLE ASTROPHYS, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, SPACE SCI LAB, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. UNIV STOCKHOLM, S-10691 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, DEPT ASTRON, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. CNRS, LAB PHYS NUCL & HAUTES ENERGIES, IN2P3, F-75252 PARIS 05, FRANCE. UNIV PARIS 06, F-75252 PARIS 05, FRANCE. UNIV PARIS 07, F-75252 PARIS 05, FRANCE. ROYAL GREENWICH OBSERV, CAMBRIDGE CB3 0HA, ENGLAND. ANGLO AUSTRALIAN OBSERV, SYDNEY, NSW, AUSTRALIA. FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB, BATAVIA, IL 60510 USA. UNIV NEW S WALES, SYDNEY, NSW, AUSTRALIA. RP Perlmutter, S (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, INST NUCL & PARTICLE ASTROPHYS, MS 50-232, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. RI Perlmutter, Saul/I-3505-2015; Glazebrook, Karl/N-3488-2015; Dopita, Michael/P-5413-2014 OI Perlmutter, Saul/0000-0002-4436-4661; Glazebrook, Karl/0000-0002-3254-9044; Dopita, Michael/0000-0003-0922-4986 NR 62 TC 946 Z9 954 U1 3 U2 13 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 1997 VL 483 IS 2 BP 565 EP 581 DI 10.1086/304265 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XL759 UT WOS:A1997XL75900004 ER PT J AU Fields, BD Mathews, GJ Schramm, DN AF Fields, BD Mathews, GJ Schramm, DN TI Halo white dwarfs and the hot intergalactic medium SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies, evolution; galaxies, halos; galaxies, interactions; galaxies, stellar content; intergalactic medium; white dwarfs ID DARK-MATTER; GALACTIC-HALO; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; GALAXY; MASS; CONSTRAINTS; OBJECTS; STARS; SUPERNOVAE; EVOLUTION AB We present a schematic model for the formation of baryonic galactic halos and hot gas in the Local Group and the intergalactic medium. We follow the dynamics, chemical evolution, heat flow, and gas flows of a hierarchy of scales, including protogalactic clouds, galactic halos, and the Local Group itself. Within this hierarchy the Galaxy is built up via mergers of protogalactic fragments. Hot and cold gas components are distinguished, with star formation occurring in cold molecular cloud cores, while stellar winds, supernovae, and mergers convert cold gas into a hot intercloud medium. We find that early bursts of star formation lead to a large population of remnants (mostly white dwarfs) that would presently reside in the halo and contribute to the dark component observed in the microlensing experiments. The starbursts and mergers heat the gas and lead to powerful evaporation-driven winds. This outflow is crucial, as it drives gas out of the clouds and eventually into the intergalactic medium. The model thus suggests that most microlensing objects could be white dwarfs (m similar to 0.5 M-circle dot), which comprise a significant fraction of the halo mass. Furthermore, the Local Group could have a component of metal-rich hot gas similar to, although less than, that observed in larger clusters. We discuss the known constraints on such a scenario and show that all local observations can be satisfied with present data in this model. The most stringent constraint comes from the metallicity distribution in the halo. The best-fit model has a halo that is 40% baryonic, with an upper limit of 77%. Our model predicts that the hot intragroup gas has a total luminosity 1.5 x 10(40) ergs(-1) and a temperature of 0.26 keV, just at the margin of detectability. Improved X-ray data could provide a key constraint on any remnant component in the halo. C1 UNIV CHICAGO,CHICAGO,IL 60637. FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,NASA,FERMILAB ASTROPHYS CTR,BATAVIA,IL 60510. RP Fields, BD (reprint author), UNIV NOTRE DAME,DEPT PHYS,NOTRE DAME,IN 46635, USA. NR 60 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 1997 VL 483 IS 2 BP 625 EP 637 DI 10.1086/304291 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XL759 UT WOS:A1997XL75900009 ER PT J AU Sion, EM Cheng, FH Szkody, P Huang, M Provencal, J Sparks, W Abbott, B Hubeny, I Mattei, J Shipman, H AF Sion, EM Cheng, FH Szkody, P Huang, M Provencal, J Sparks, W Abbott, B Hubeny, I Mattei, J Shipman, H TI Hubble Space Telescope GHRS spectroscopy of U Geminorum during two outbursts SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; novae, cataclysmic variables; stars, emission-line, Be; stars, individual (U Germinorum); ultraviolet, stars ID SS-CYGNI; CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; MULTIWAVELENGTH CAMPAIGN; DWARF NOVAE; IUE; SPECTRA; MODEL; DISK AB We obtained Hubble Space Telescope Goddard High-Resolution Spectrograph medium-resolution (G160M grating) phase-resolved spectroscopic observations of the prototype dwarf nova U Geminorum during different stages of two different outbursts. The spectral wavelength ranges were centered on three different line regions: N V (1238 Angstrom), 1242 Angstrom, Si III (1300 Angstrom), and He II (1640 Angstrom). The spectrum corresponding to the early decline phase of outburst 1 is essentially featureless except for weak N V absorption and narrow interstellar lines, while the spectrum at the peak of outburst 2 reveals broad emission peaks separated by narrow central absorption. The double-peaked emission-line profile structure with low-velocity central absorption seen in the second outburst suggests a disk origin, but the emission velocity widths appear narrower than the widths of the optical disk emission features. We interpret the high-excitation emission lines, with central absorption below the continuum, to be due to photoionized material (coronal?) above the disk plane with the thickened outer disk absorbing the boundary layer or inner disk radiation. The possibility of a wind origin for the profiles is also discussed, as well as the possibility of an ejected optically thin shell. The N V absorption velocity versus orbital phase traces the motion of the white dwarf, but the He II absorption velocity appears to deviate from the white dwarf motion. We present the results of synthetic accretion disk spectral fitting to the data of both outbursts and derive accretion rates for the two outbursts of 6 x 10(-10) M. yr(-1) and 2 x 10(-9) M. yr(-1). Implications are discussed. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT ASTRON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV DELAWARE,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,NEWARK,DE 19716. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,NUCL HYDRODYNAM APPLICAT GRP,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. AMER ASSOC VARIABLE STAR OBSERVERS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Sion, EM (reprint author), VILLANOVA UNIV,DEPT ASTRON & ASTROPHYS,VILLANOVA,PA 19085, USA. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 1997 VL 483 IS 2 BP 907 EP 912 DI 10.1086/304269 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XL759 UT WOS:A1997XL75900035 ER PT J AU Charpinet, S Fontaine, G Brassard, P Chayer, P Rogers, FJ Iglesias, CA Dorman, B AF Charpinet, S Fontaine, G Brassard, P Chayer, P Rogers, FJ Iglesias, CA Dorman, B TI A driving mechanism for the newly discovered class of pulsating subdwarf B stars SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars, interiors; stars, oscillations; subdwarfs ID DA WHITE-DWARFS; OPACITIES AB We present new calculations that strongly reinforce the idea-originally proposed by Charpinet et al.-that pulsation modes are driven through an opacity bump due to a local enhancement of the iron abundance in the envelopes of sdB stars. Our improved models incorporate nonuniform iron abundance distributions obtained through the condition of diffusive equilibrium between gravitational settling and radiative levitation. They also include special Rosseland opacity tables that take into account the large variations of the iron abundance about the cosmic value that are predicted by equilibrium radiative levitation theory. For representative models with M = 0.48 M. and log g = 5.8, we find strong instabilities for low-order radial and nonradial (p and f) pulsation modes in the range 36,500 K greater than or similar to T-eff greater than or similar to 29,000 K. The four pulsating sdB stars currently known all have effective temperatures in that range. In addition, one of our models with T-eff = 34,000 K has a band of unstable modes with periods in the range 116-195 s, in excellent agreement with those of the known pulsators. We therefore claim that our proposed iron bump mechanism provides a natural explanation for the instabilities found in the newly discovered class of pulsating sdB stars. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,CTR EUV ASTROPHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,ASTRON & SOLAR PHYS LAB,GREENBELT,MD 20771. UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT ASTRON,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903. RP Charpinet, S (reprint author), UNIV MONTREAL,DEPT PHYS,CP 6128,MONTREAL,PQ H3C 3J7,CANADA. OI Charpinet, Stephane/0000-0002-6018-6180 NR 22 TC 197 Z9 197 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 1997 VL 483 IS 2 BP L123 EP L126 DI 10.1086/310741 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XL756 UT WOS:A1997XL75600013 ER PT J AU Liu, WH Jeffery, DJ Schultz, DR AF Liu, WH Jeffery, DJ Schultz, DR TI Nebular spectra of type Ia supernovae SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ENERGY DEPOSITION; MODELS; MASS; IRON; GAS AB Nebular spectra of Type Ia supernovae are modeled by including important atomic processes and reliable atomic data for a representative set of Type Ia explosion models. The calculated spectra are compared with the observed optical spectra of spectroscopically normal Type Ia supernovae, leading to strong constraints on the explosion models. It is concluded that sub-Chandrasekhar-mass models are favored, but Chandrasekhar-mass models might not be entirely ruled out. RP Liu, WH (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, DIV PHYS, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. NR 29 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 1997 VL 483 IS 2 BP L107 EP L110 DI 10.1086/310752 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XL756 UT WOS:A1997XL75600009 ER PT J AU Su, H Ransom, MD Kanemasu, ET AF Su, H Ransom, MD Kanemasu, ET TI Simulating wheat crop residue reflectance with the SAIL model SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID CANOPY; SCATTERING; COVER AB Estimating crop residue is important for soil conservation and tillage management. Remote sensing could provide the potential of estimating amount of crop residue using reflectance measurement and model simulation procedures. The purpose of this study was (1) to use the SAIL (Scattering by Arbitrarily Inclined Leaves) model to simulate crop residue reflectance from wheat, Triticum aestivum (L.), at visible and near-infrared wavelengths; and (2) to compare the simulated reflectance with field-measured reflectance for evaluating the simulation model. Simulated reflectance in visible and near-infrared wavebands was overestimated about 1 to 5 per cent, compared with measured reflectance in the held. However, overestimation was within the experimental errors. Results suggest that the SAIL model can be used to simulate crop residue reflectance in different wheat crop residue covers and that wheat crop residue cover could be estimated by inverting the model. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. UNIV GEORGIA,OFF INT AGR,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP Su, H (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT DIV,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD JUL 10 PY 1997 VL 18 IS 10 BP 2261 EP 2267 DI 10.1080/014311697217891 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA XH143 UT WOS:A1997XH14300015 ER PT J AU Shankland, TJ Duba, AG Mathez, EA Peach, CL AF Shankland, TJ Duba, AG Mathez, EA Peach, CL TI Increase of electrical conductivity with pressure as an indicator of conduction through a solid phase in midcrustal rocks SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID LOWER-CRUSTAL CONDUCTIVITY; GRAIN-BOUNDARY GRAPHITE; LOWER CONTINENTAL-CRUST; COMPLEX RESISTIVITY; CARBONACEOUS MATTER; METAMORPHIC ROCKS; EARTHS CRUST; WATER; MANTLE; BASALTS AB Rocks freshly cored from depth at the German continental scientific drilling site (KTB) offer an opportunity to study transport properties in relatively unaltered samples resembling material in situ. Electrical conductivity sigma was measured to 250 MPa pressure, and room temperature on 1 M NaCl-saturated amphibolites from 4 to 5 km depth. An unexpected feature was an increase of sigma with pressure P that appeared (anisotropically) in most samples. To characterize this behavior, we fitted the linear portion of log sigma versus P to obtain two parameters: the slope dlog sigma/dP (of order 10(-3) MPa-1) and the zero-pressure intercept sigma(0). Samples of positive and negative slopes behave differently. Those having negative slopes show strong correlation of sigma(0) with a fluid property (permeability). This behavior indicates that fluids exert the dominant control on sigma(0) at low pressure when sigma(0) is greatest, which is typical behavior observed in previous studies. In contrast, samples with positive slopes lack a correlation of sigma(0) with permeability, indicating that fluids are less important to positive pressure behavior. Another result is that samples of negative dlog sigma/dP have uncorrelated slopes and initial conductivities. In significant contrast, samples of positive slopes have the greatest P dependence for lowest initial conductivity sigma(0), that is, the less fluid, the more positive dlog sigma/dP. Hence positive dlog sigma/dP is consistent with reconnection of solid phases into a conductive texture better resembling that of rock at depth, Detailed examination of one sample by electron probe and scanning electron microscope reveals the presence of carbon on internal cleavage surfaces in amphibole, the most abundant mineral present. Thus carbon probably dominates the reconnection, but total sigma still involves fluids as well as Fe-Ti oxides. For the KTB location it is inferred that the reason mid to deep crustal electrical conductivities modeled from geophysical measurements are so much higher than conductivities of silicates is the presence of interconnected good conductors involving films of carbon on surfaces and other solid phases. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, GEOSCI & GLOBAL SECUR PROGRAM, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. AMER MUSEUM NAT HIST, DEPT EARTH & PLANETARY SCI, NEW YORK, NY 10024 USA. RP Shankland, TJ (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, DIV EARTH & ENVIRONM SCI, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. NR 63 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUL 10 PY 1997 VL 102 IS B7 BP 14741 EP 14750 DI 10.1029/96JB03389 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA XJ831 UT WOS:A1997XJ83100001 ER PT J AU Conrad, ME Thomas, DM Flexser, S Vennemann, TW AF Conrad, ME Thomas, DM Flexser, S Vennemann, TW TI Fluid flow and water-rock interaction in the East Rift Zone of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY; STABLE ISOTOPE; OXYGEN; HYDROGEN; FRACTIONATION; SUMMIT; ISLAND; CRUST AB The East Rift Zone of Kilauea Volcano in Hawaii represents a major area of geothermal activity. Fluid inclusion and stable isotope analyses of secondary hydrothermal minerals in core samples from three scientific observation holes (SOH) drilled into the rift zone indicate that the geothermal system is dominated by meteoric waters to depths of as much as 1500 m below sea level. Calculated delta(18)O and delta D values for fluids on the north side of the rift zone indicate that the deep meteoric fluids may be derived from precipitation on the upper slopes of Mauna Loa Volcano. In the interior of the rift zone, recharge is dominated by seawater mixed with local meteoric water. Water/rock ratios in the rift area are approximately 2, but strongly O-18-enriched fluids in the deeper parts of the SOH-2 and SOH-4 drill holes (on the north side of the rift) indicate that the fluids underwent extensive interaction with rocks prior to reaching this part of the rift zone. Marine carbonates at the subaerial to submarine transition (between 1700 and 1780 m depth) in SOH-4 have not fully equilibrated with the fluids, suggesting that the onset of hydrothermal activity in this area was relatively recent (<2000 years). This may represent increased volcanic activity along the rift after the end of the Ai La'au phase of eruptive activity at the Kilauea summit approximately 1000 years ago, or it may reflect progressive evolution ofthe hydrothermal system in response to southward migration of intrusive activity within the rift. C1 UNIV HAWAII, SCH OCEAN & EARTH SCI & TECHNOL, HAWAII INST GEOPHYS & PLANETOL, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA. UNIV MICHIGAN, DEPT GEOL SCI, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA. RP Conrad, ME (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, DIV EARTH SCI, CTR ISOTOPE GEOCHEM, MAILSTOP 70A-3363, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. RI Conrad, Mark/G-2767-2010 NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUL 10 PY 1997 VL 102 IS B7 BP 15021 EP 15037 DI 10.1029/97JB01072 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA XJ831 UT WOS:A1997XJ83100017 ER PT J AU ZredaGostynska, G Kyle, PR Finnegan, D Prestbo, KM AF ZredaGostynska, G Kyle, PR Finnegan, D Prestbo, KM TI Volcanic gas emissions from Mount Erebus and their impact on the Antarctic environment SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC TRACE-METALS; STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; ANTHROPOGENIC LEAD; AIRBORNE PARTICLES; GLOBAL POLLUTION; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; ROSS ISLAND; SOUTH-POLE; ERUPTIONS; ELEMENTS AB Emission rates of SO2, HCl, and HF from the active volcano Mount Erebus Antarctica, increased between 1986 and 1991; SO2 from 7.7 to 25.9 Gg yr(-1), HCl from 6.9 to 13.3 Gg yr(-1) and HF from 4.0 to 6.0 Gg yr(-1). The emission rates of halogens from Mount Erebus are high relative to SO, emissions and are accompanied by relatively high emissions of trace gases and aerosols (Na, K, As, Zn, In, As, Se, and Au): Many elements (S, Cl, and metals) found in the Erebus plume are common impurities in Antarctic snow. Using a model which assumes a homogeneous distribution of the volcanic gas plume over Antarctica, we suggest that Erebus could be a source of the impurities. We calculate that Erebus could potentially contribute between 4 and 14 ng g(-1) snow of Cl at the south pole, and between 11 and 36 ng g(-1) snow of Cl at Dome C. Excess Cl (Cl in excess of that derived from marine NaCl aerosols) recorded in snow and firn cores from south pole and Dome C could be mainly derived from Erebus. Similarly, our predicted concentrations of Erebus-derived Cu, Zn, Cd, V, As, and Au in Antarctic snow are close to those reported. Trace element and Pb isotope compositions of Erebus aerosols are similar to those collected in remote regions of Antarctica. The volcanic gas plume emitted from Erebus appears to make a significant contribution to the Antarctic atmosphere and can be detected in the snow deposited over a wide area of the continent. C1 NEW MEXICO INST MIN & TECHNOL, DEPT EARTH & ENVIRONM SCI, SOCORRO, NM 87801 USA. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, LOS ALAMOS, NM USA. NR 69 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUL 10 PY 1997 VL 102 IS B7 BP 15039 EP 15055 DI 10.1029/97JB00155 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA XJ831 UT WOS:A1997XJ83100018 ER PT J AU Carrigan, C McBirney, A AF Carrigan, C McBirney, A TI Experimental determination of the thermal conductivity of molten CaMgSi2O6 and the transport of heat through magmas - Comment SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article C1 UNIV OREGON, DEPT GEOL SCI, EUGENE, OR 97403 USA. RP Carrigan, C (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, DEPT EARTH SCI, POB 808, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUL 10 PY 1997 VL 102 IS B7 BP 15073 EP 15076 DI 10.1029/96JB03283 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA XJ831 UT WOS:A1997XJ83100020 ER PT J AU Ito, G Lin, J Gable, CW AF Ito, G Lin, J Gable, CW TI Interaction of mantle plumes and migrating mid-ocean ridges: Implications for the Galapagos plume-ridge system SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SPREADING CENTER SYSTEM; HOTSPOT INTERACTIONS; GRAVITY-ANOMALIES; SOUTH-ATLANTIC; CONVECTION; ASTHENOSPHERE; EVOLUTION; DYNAMICS; SEGMENTATION; ACCRETION AB We investigate the three-dimensional interaction of mantle plumes and migrating mid-ocean ridges with variable viscosity numerical models. Numerical models predict that along-axis plume width W and maximum distance of plume-ridge interaction x(max) scale with (Q/U)(1/2), where Q is plume source volume flux and U is ridge full spreading rate. Both W and x(max) increase with buoyancy number Pi(b) which reflects the strength of gravitational- versus plate-driven spreading. Scaling laws derived for stationary ridges in steady-state with near-ridge plumes are consistent with those obtained from independent studies of Ribe [1996]. In the case of a migrating ridge, the distance of plume-ridge interaction is reduced when a ridge migrates toward the plume because of the excess drag of the faster moving leading plate and enhanced when a ridge migrates away from the plume because of the reduced drag of the slower moving trailing plate. Given the mildly buoyant and relatively viscous plumes investigated here, the slope of the lithospheric boundary and thermal erosion of the lithosphere have little effect on plume flow. From observed plume widths of the Galapagos plume-migrating ridge system, our scaling laws yield estimates of Galapagos plume volume flux of 5-16 x 10(6) km(3) m.y.(-1) and a buoyancy flux of similar to 2 x 10(3) kg s(-1). Model results that the observed increase isochron age is due to higher crustal production when the Galapagos ridge axis was closer to the plume several million years ago. The anomaly amplitudes can be explained by a plume source with a relatively mild temperature anomaly (50 degrees-100 degrees C) and moderate radius (100-200 km). Predictions of the along-axis geochemical signature of the plume suggest that mixing between the plume and ambient mantle sources may not occur in the asthenosphere but, instead, may occur deeper in the mantle possibly by entrainment of depleted mantle as the plume ascends from its source. C1 WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST, DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS, WOODS HOLE, MA 02543 USA. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. RP Ito, G (reprint author), UNIV HAWAII, SCH OCEAN & EARTH SCI & TECHNOL, DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA. RI Gable, Carl/B-4689-2011; OI Gable, Carl/0000-0001-7063-0815 NR 47 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUL 10 PY 1997 VL 102 IS B7 BP 15403 EP 15417 DI 10.1029/97JB01049 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA XJ831 UT WOS:A1997XJ83100043 ER PT J AU Cabelli, DE Wishart, JF Holcman, J Meier, M vanEldik, R AF Cabelli, DE Wishart, JF Holcman, J Meier, M vanEldik, R TI Copper(III) pyrophosphate complexes in aqueous solution. A pulse radiolysis study at ambient and high pressure SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; FREE-RADICALS; AQUATED COPPER(II); HYDRATED ELECTRONS; MECHANISM; IONS; OXIDATION; EXCHANGE; WATER AB The reaction between OH radicals and [CUII(P2O7)(2)(H2O)(2)](6-) results in the formation of a Cu(III) complex. No reaction is observed with N-3(.) or Br-2(.-), whereas SO4.- initiates the same steps as seen with (OH)-O-.. This suggests that the mechanism probably involves a ligand interchange or H atom abstraction process. The Cu(III) complex undergoes a rapid first-order reaction, probably loss of a P2O74- chelate, followed by addition of OH- (pK(OH) approximate to 10) to yield a Cu(III) complex that is predominantly hydroxylated and has a relatively long half life. The effect of pressure (up to 150 MPa) on the formation and subsequent reactions of the Cu(III) complex is used to help elucidate the mechanism of the different steps. C1 RISO NATL LAB, DEPT CHEM, DK-4000 ROSKILDE, DENMARK. UNIV ERLANGEN NURNBERG, INST INORGAN CHEM, D-91058 ERLANGEN, GERMANY. RP Cabelli, DE (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, DEPT CHEM, UPTON, NY 11973 USA. RI Wishart, James/L-6303-2013 OI Wishart, James/0000-0002-0488-7636 NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUL 10 PY 1997 VL 101 IS 28 BP 5131 EP 5136 DI 10.1021/jp970002e PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA XK239 UT WOS:A1997XK23900016 ER PT J AU Taylor, RS Ray, D Garrett, BC AF Taylor, RS Ray, D Garrett, BC TI Understanding the mechanism for the mass accommodation of ethanol by a water droplet SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Letter ID LIQUID VAPOR INTERFACE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; ORIENTATIONAL STRUCTURE; AIR INTERFACE; SIMULATION; ASSOCIATION; PAIR AB The interaction of small gas-phase molecules with the liquid/vapor interface of aqueous droplets and their subsequent accommodation into the bulk of the droplet is an integral part of the chemistry of the troposphere. On the basis of an analysis of a kinetic mechanism for the mass accommodation process, Worsnop, Davidovits, and co-workers (J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 13007) predict that most gas-phase molecules must surmount a substantial free energy of activation before becoming solvated into the aqueous phase. In this Letter, molecular dynamics computer simulations are used in conjunction with statistical mechanical perturbation theory to examine the molecular-level details of this process. Due to the availability of experimental data with which to compare our findings, the interaction of ethanol with a H2O lamella was chosen as a prototypical system for study. The calculated equilibrium free energy surface for transporting ethanol across the liquid/vapor interface and into bulk H2O exhibits a barrier to solvation that is 8.2 kcal/mol smaller than that predicted by the Worsnop/Davidovits model. This discrepancy suggests that nonequilibrium solvation or other kinetic effects may dominate the transport of small molecules across the liquid/vapor interface of water. C1 PACIFIC NW NATL LAB, ENVIRONM MOL SCI LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RI Garrett, Bruce/F-8516-2011 NR 38 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 10 PY 1997 VL 101 IS 28 BP 5473 EP 5476 DI 10.1021/jp9706442 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA XK238 UT WOS:A1997XK23800003 ER PT J AU Dai, S Shin, YS Toth, LM Barnes, CE AF Dai, S Shin, YS Toth, LM Barnes, CE TI Spectroscopic probing of adsorption of uranyl to uranyl-imprinted silica sol-gel glass via steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence measurement SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SHAPE-SELECTIVE CONTRIBUTION; CHEMICAL-SEPARATION; ENERGY-TRANSFER; RATE CONSTANTS; MOLECULES; SURFACES; POLYMERS; ION; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopic methods have been demonstrated to be very informative tools to analyze the microstructure variation induced by the imprinting technique. The structural information obtained provides the rationale for the enhanced uranyl-adsorption capacity and selectivity by the uranyl-imprinted sol-gel glasses. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT CHEM,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. RP Dai, S (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM TECHNOL,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 54 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 10 PY 1997 VL 101 IS 28 BP 5521 EP 5524 DI 10.1021/jp970713c PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA XK238 UT WOS:A1997XK23800012 ER PT J AU Ellis, J Geiger, K AF Ellis, J Geiger, K TI Signatures of parton exogamy in e(+)e(-)->W+W-->hadrons SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID QCD PHASE-TRANSITIONS; TIME DESCRIPTION; RADIATION; SPECTRA; JETS AB We propose possible signatures of 'exogamous' combinations between partons in the different W+ and W- hadron showers in e(+)e(-) --> W+W- events with purely hadronic final states. Within the space-time model for hadronic shower development that we have proposed previously, we find a possible difference of about 10% between the mean hadronic multiplicity in such purely hadronic final states and twice the hadronic multiplicity in events in which one W+/- decays hadronically and the other leptonically, i.e., [N-had(2W)) not equal 2(N-had(W)], associated with the formation of hadronic clusters by 'exogamous' pairs of partons. We discuss the dependence of this possible difference in multiplicity on the center-of-mass energy, on the hadron momenta, and on the angular separation between the W+/- dijets. If it were observed, any such multiplicity difference would indicate that the W+/- do not hadronize independently, and hence raise questions about the accuracy with which the W+/- mass could be determined from purely hadronic final states. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT PHYS,UPTON,NY 11973. RP Ellis, J (reprint author), CERN,DIV THEORET PHYS,CH-1211 GENEVA 23,SWITZERLAND. NR 27 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 10 PY 1997 VL 404 IS 3-4 BP 230 EP 237 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(97)00577-7 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA XK526 UT WOS:A1997XK52600002 ER PT J AU Abe, K Akagi, T Anderson, BD Anthony, PL Arnold, RG Averett, T Band, HR Berisso, CM Bogorad, P Borel, H Bosted, PE Breton, V Buenerd, MJ Cates, GD Chupp, TE Churchwell, S Coulter, KP Daoudi, M Decowski, P Erickson, R Fellbaum, JN Fonvieille, H Gearhart, R Ghazikhanian, V Griffioen, KA Hicks, RS Holmes, R Hughes, EW Igo, G Incerti, S Johnson, JR Kahl, W Khayat, M Kolomensky, YG Kuhn, SE Kumar, K Kuriki, M LombardNelsen, R Manley, DM Marroncle, J Maruyama, T Marvin, T Meyer, W Meziani, ZE Miller, D Mitchell, G Olson, M Peterson, GA Petratos, GG Pitthan, R Prepost, R Raines, P Raue, BA Reyna, D Rochester, LS Rock, SE Romalis, MV Sabatie, F Shapiro, G Shaw, J Smith, TB Sorrell, L Souder, PA Staley, F StLorant, S Stuart, LM Suekane, F Szalata, ZM Terrien, Y Thompson, AK Toole, T Wang, X Watson, JW Welsh, RC Wesselmann, FR Wright, T Young, CC Youngman, B Yuta, H Zhang, WM Zyla, P AF Abe, K Akagi, T Anderson, BD Anthony, PL Arnold, RG Averett, T Band, HR Berisso, CM Bogorad, P Borel, H Bosted, PE Breton, V Buenerd, MJ Cates, GD Chupp, TE Churchwell, S Coulter, KP Daoudi, M Decowski, P Erickson, R Fellbaum, JN Fonvieille, H Gearhart, R Ghazikhanian, V Griffioen, KA Hicks, RS Holmes, R Hughes, EW Igo, G Incerti, S Johnson, JR Kahl, W Khayat, M Kolomensky, YG Kuhn, SE Kumar, K Kuriki, M LombardNelsen, R Manley, DM Marroncle, J Maruyama, T Marvin, T Meyer, W Meziani, ZE Miller, D Mitchell, G Olson, M Peterson, GA Petratos, GG Pitthan, R Prepost, R Raines, P Raue, BA Reyna, D Rochester, LS Rock, SE Romalis, MV Sabatie, F Shapiro, G Shaw, J Smith, TB Sorrell, L Souder, PA Staley, F StLorant, S Stuart, LM Suekane, F Szalata, ZM Terrien, Y Thompson, AK Toole, T Wang, X Watson, JW Welsh, RC Wesselmann, FR Wright, T Young, CC Youngman, B Yuta, H Zhang, WM Zyla, P TI Measurement of the neutron spin structure function g(2)(n) and asymmetry A(2)(n) SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID DEEP-INELASTIC-SCATTERING; STRUCTURE-FUNCTION G1(X); SUM-RULE; PRECISION-MEASUREMENT; POLARIZED NUCLEONS; POWER CORRECTIONS; PROTON; DEUTERON; LEPTONS; TARGET AB We have measured the neutron structure function g(2)(n) and the virtual photon-nucleon asymmetry A(2)(n) over the kinematic range 0.014 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.7 and 1.0 less than or equal to Q(2) less than or equal to 17.0 by scattering 48.3 GeV longitudinally polarized electrons from polarized He-3. Results for A(2)(n) are significantly smaller than the root R positivity limit over most of the measured range and data for g(2)(n), are generally consistent with the twist-2 Wandzura-Wilczek prediction. Using our measured g(2)(n) we obtain results for the twist-3 reduced matrix element d(2)(n), and the integral integral g(2)(n)(x) dx in the range 0.014 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 1.0. Data from this experiment are combined with existing data for g(2)(n) to obtain an average for d(2)(n) and the integral integral g(2)(n)(x) dx. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 AMERICAN UNIV, WASHINGTON, DC 20016 USA. UNIV CLERMONT FERRAND, LPC, CNRS, IN2P3, F-63170 AUBIERE, FRANCE. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES, LOS ANGELES, CA 90024 USA. CALTECH, PASADENA, CA 91125 USA. CTR ETUD SACLAY, SPHN, DAPNIA, F-91191 GIF SUR YVETTE, FRANCE. KENT STATE UNIV, KENT, OH 44242 USA. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS, AMHERST, MA 01003 USA. UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NORTHWESTERN UNIV, EVANSTON, IL 60201 USA. OLD DOMINION UNIV, NORFOLK, VA 23529 USA. UNIV PENN, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA. PRINCETON UNIV, PRINCETON, NJ 08544 USA. SMITH COLL, NORTHAMPTON, MA 01063 USA. SO OREGON STATE COLL, ASHLAND, OR 97520 USA. STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR, STANFORD, CA 94309 USA. SYRACUSE UNIV, SYRACUSE, NY 13210 USA. TEMPLE UNIV, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19122 USA. COLL WILLIAM & MARY, WILLIAMSBURG, VA 23187 USA. UNIV WISCONSIN, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. CNRS, INST NUCL SCI, IN2P3, F-38026 GRENOBLE, FRANCE. RUHR UNIV BOCHUM, D-44780 BOCHUM, GERMANY. RP Abe, K (reprint author), TOHOKU UNIV, SENDAI, MIYAGI 980, JAPAN. RI Averett, Todd/A-2969-2011; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Sabatie, Franck/K-9066-2015 OI Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Sabatie, Franck/0000-0001-7031-3975 NR 32 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 10 PY 1997 VL 404 IS 3-4 BP 377 EP 382 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(97)00613-8 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA XK526 UT WOS:A1997XK52600023 ER PT J AU Ackerstaff, K Airapetian, A Akushevich, I Akopov, N Amarian, M Aschenauer, EC Avakian, R Avakian, H Avetissian, A Bains, B Barrow, S Beckmann, M Belostotski, S Belz, JE Benisch, T Bernreuther, S Bianchi, N Blanchard, S Blouw, J Bottcher, H Borissov, A Brack, J Braun, B Bray, B Bruckner, W Brull, A Bruins, EEW Bulten, HJ Capitani, GP Carter, P Cisbani, E Court, GR Delheij, PPJ Devitsin, E deJager, CW DeSanctis, E DeSchepper, D Huberts, PKAD Duren, M Dvoredsky, A Elbakian, G Emerson, J Fantoni, A Fechtchenko, A Ferstl, M Fick, D Fiedler, K Filippone, BW Fischer, H Fortune, HT Franz, J Frullani, S Funk, MA Gagunashvili, ND Galumian, P Gao, H Garber, Y Garibaldi, F Geiger, P Gharibyan, V Golendoukhin, A Graw, G Grebeniouk, O Green, PW Greeniaus, LG Grosshauser, C Gute, A Gyurjyan, V Haas, JP Haeberli, W Hansen, JO Hasch, D Hausser, O Henderson, RS Henkes, T Hertenberger, R Holler, Y Holt, RJ Ihssen, H Iodice, M Izotov, A Jackson, HE Jgoun, A Jones, C Kaiser, R Kinney, E Kirsch, M Kisselev, A Kitching, P Koch, N Konigsmann, K Kolstein, M Kolster, H Korsch, W Kozlov, V Kramer, LH Krause, B Krivokhijine, VG Kuckes, M Kyle, G Lachnit, W Lorenzon, W Lung, A Makins, NCR Manaenkov, SI Martens, FK Martin, JW Mateos, A McIlhany, K McKeown, RD Meissner, F Mercer, D Metz, A Meyners, N Mikloukho, O Miller, CA Miller, MA Milner, RG Mitsyn, V Most, A Mozzetti, R Muccifora, V Nagaitsev, A Naryshkin, Y Nathan, AM Neunreither, F Niczyporuk, M Nowak, WD Nupieri, M Oelwein, P Ogami, H ONeill, TG Openshaw, R Papavassiliou, V Pate, SF Pitt, M Potashov, S Potterveld, DH Povh, B Rakness, G Redwine, R Reolon, AR Ristinen, R Rith, K Roper, G Roloff, H Rossi, P Rudnitsky, S Ruh, M Ryckbosch, D Sakemi, Y Savin, I Schuler, KP Schwind, A Shibata, TA Shin, T Simon, A Sinram, K Smythe, WR Sowinski, J Spengos, M Steffens, E Stenger, J Stewart, J Stock, F Stoesslein, U Sutter, M Tallini, H Taroian, S Terkulov, A Thiessen, DM Tipton, B Trudel, A Tytgat, M Urciuoli, GM VandeVyver, R vandenBrand, JFJ vanderSteenhoven, G Vetterli, MC Volk, E Wander, W Welch, TP Williamson, SE Wise, T Wolfel, T ZapfeDuren, K Zohrabian, H Zurmuhle, R AF Ackerstaff, K Airapetian, A Akushevich, I Akopov, N Amarian, M Aschenauer, EC Avakian, R Avakian, H Avetissian, A Bains, B Barrow, S Beckmann, M Belostotski, S Belz, JE Benisch, T Bernreuther, S Bianchi, N Blanchard, S Blouw, J Bottcher, H Borissov, A Brack, J Braun, B Bray, B Bruckner, W Brull, A Bruins, EEW Bulten, HJ Capitani, GP Carter, P Cisbani, E Court, GR Delheij, PPJ Devitsin, E deJager, CW DeSanctis, E DeSchepper, D Huberts, PKAD Duren, M Dvoredsky, A Elbakian, G Emerson, J Fantoni, A Fechtchenko, A Ferstl, M Fick, D Fiedler, K Filippone, BW Fischer, H Fortune, HT Franz, J Frullani, S Funk, MA Gagunashvili, ND Galumian, P Gao, H Garber, Y Garibaldi, F Geiger, P Gharibyan, V Golendoukhin, A Graw, G Grebeniouk, O Green, PW Greeniaus, LG Grosshauser, C Gute, A Gyurjyan, V Haas, JP Haeberli, W Hansen, JO Hasch, D Hausser, O Henderson, RS Henkes, T Hertenberger, R Holler, Y Holt, RJ Ihssen, H Iodice, M Izotov, A Jackson, HE Jgoun, A Jones, C Kaiser, R Kinney, E Kirsch, M Kisselev, A Kitching, P Koch, N Konigsmann, K Kolstein, M Kolster, H Korsch, W Kozlov, V Kramer, LH Krause, B Krivokhijine, VG Kuckes, M Kyle, G Lachnit, W Lorenzon, W Lung, A Makins, NCR Manaenkov, SI Martens, FK Martin, JW Mateos, A McIlhany, K McKeown, RD Meissner, F Mercer, D Metz, A Meyners, N Mikloukho, O Miller, CA Miller, MA Milner, RG Mitsyn, V Most, A Mozzetti, R Muccifora, V Nagaitsev, A Naryshkin, Y Nathan, AM Neunreither, F Niczyporuk, M Nowak, WD Nupieri, M Oelwein, P Ogami, H ONeill, TG Openshaw, R Papavassiliou, V Pate, SF Pitt, M Potashov, S Potterveld, DH Povh, B Rakness, G Redwine, R Reolon, AR Ristinen, R Rith, K Roper, G Roloff, H Rossi, P Rudnitsky, S Ruh, M Ryckbosch, D Sakemi, Y Savin, I Schuler, KP Schwind, A Shibata, TA Shin, T Simon, A Sinram, K Smythe, WR Sowinski, J Spengos, M Steffens, E Stenger, J Stewart, J Stock, F Stoesslein, U Sutter, M Tallini, H Taroian, S Terkulov, A Thiessen, DM Tipton, B Trudel, A Tytgat, M Urciuoli, GM VandeVyver, R vandenBrand, JFJ vanderSteenhoven, G Vetterli, MC Volk, E Wander, W Welch, TP Williamson, SE Wise, T Wolfel, T ZapfeDuren, K Zohrabian, H Zurmuhle, R TI Measurement of the neutron spin structure function g(1)(n) with a polarized He-3 internal target SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID DEEP-INELASTIC-SCATTERING; STRUCTURE-FUNCTION G1(X); PRECISION-MEASUREMENT; SUM-RULE; PROTON; DEUTERON; ASYMMETRY; LEPTONS; NUCLEI; LASER AB Results are reported from the HERMES experiment at HERA on a measurement of the neutron spin structure function g(1)(n)(x, Q(2)) in deep inelastic scattering using 27.5 GeV longitudinally polarized positrons incident on a polarized He-3 internal gas target. The data cover the kinematic range 0.023 < x < 0.6 and 1 (GeV/c)(2) < Q(2) < 15 (GeV/c)(2). The integral integral(0.023)(0.16)g(1)(n)(x) dx evaluated at a fixed Q(2) of 2.5 (GeV/c)(2) is -0.034+/-0.013(stat.)+/-0.005(syst.). Assuming Regge behavior at low x, the first moment Gamma(1)(n) = integral(0)(1)g(1)(n)(x) dx is -0.037+/-0.013(stat.)+/-0.005(syst.)+/-0.006(extrapol.). (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 UNIV ALBERTA, EDMONTON, AB T6G 2N2, CANADA. ARGONNE NATL LAB, ARGONNE, IL 60439 USA. CALTECH, WK KELLOGG RADIAT LAB, PASADENA, CA 91125 USA. UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. DESY, IFH ZEUTHEN, D-15738 ZEUTHEN, GERMANY. JOINT INST NUCL RES, DUBNA 141980, RUSSIA. UNIV ERLANGEN NURNBERG, INST PHYS, D-91058 ERLANGEN, GERMANY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, LAB NAZL FRASCATI, I-00044 FRASCATI, ITALY. UNIV FREIBURG, FAK PHYS, D-79104 FREIBURG, GERMANY. STATE UNIV GHENT, B-9000 GHENT, BELGIUM. MAX PLANCK INST KERNPHYS, D-69029 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY. UNIV ILLINOIS, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. UNIV LIVERPOOL, LIVERPOOL L69 3BX, MERSEYSIDE, ENGLAND. UNIV WISCONSIN, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. UNIV MARBURG, D-35037 MARBURG, GERMANY. MIT, NUCL SCI LAB, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA. PN LEBEDEV PHYS INST, MOSCOW 117924, RUSSIA. UNIV MUNICH, SEKT PHYS, D-85748 GARCHING, GERMANY. NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV, LAS CRUCES, NM 88003 USA. NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS. OREGON STATE UNIV, CORVALLIS, OR 97331 USA. UNIV PENN, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA. PETERSBURG NUCL PHYS INST, ST PETERSBURG 188350, RUSSIA. IST SUPER SANITA, PHYS LAB, I-00161 ROME, ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, SEZ SANITA, I-00161 ROME, ITALY. SIMON FRASER UNIV, BURNABY, BC V5A 1S6, CANADA. TRIUMF, VANCOUVER, BC V6T 2A3, CANADA. TOKYO INST TECHNOL, TOKYO 152, JAPAN. YEREVAN PHYS INST, YEREVAN 375036, ARMENIA. RP Ackerstaff, K (reprint author), DESY, D-22603 HAMBURG, GERMANY. RI Cisbani, Evaristo/C-9249-2011; Gao, Haiyan/G-2589-2011; Holt, Roy/E-5803-2011; Kozlov, Valentin/M-8000-2015; Terkulov, Adel/M-8581-2015 OI Cisbani, Evaristo/0000-0002-6774-8473; NR 49 TC 277 Z9 277 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 10 PY 1997 VL 404 IS 3-4 BP 383 EP 389 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(97)00611-4 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA XK526 UT WOS:A1997XK52600024 ER PT J AU Acciarri, M Adriani, O AguilarBenitez, M Ahlen, S Alcaraz, J Alemanni, G Allaby, J Aloisio, A Alverson, G Alviggi, MG Ambrosi, G Anderhub, H Andreev, VP Angelescu, T Anselmo, F Arefiev, A Azemoon, T Aziz, T Bagnaia, P Baksay, L Banerjee, S Banerjee, S Banicz, K Barczyk, A Barillere, R Barone, L Bartalini, P Baschirotto, A Basile, M Battiston, R Bay, A Becattini, F Becker, U Behner, F Berdugo, J Berges, P Bertucci, B Betev, BL Bhattacharya, S Biasini, M Biland, A Bilei, GM Blaising, JJ Blyth, SC Bobbink, GJ Bock, R Bohm, A Boldizsar, L Borgia, B Bourilkov, D Bourquin, M Braccini, S Branson, JG Brigljevic, V Brock, IC Buffini, A Buijs, A Burger, JD Burger, WJ Busenitz, J Button, A Cai, XD Campanelli, M Capell, M Romeo, GC Carlino, G Cartacci, AM Casaus, J Castellini, G Cavallari, F Cavallo, N Cecchi, C Cerrada, M Cesaroni, F Chamizo, M Chang, YH Chaturvedi, UK Chekanov, SV Chemarin, M Chen, A Chen, G Chen, GM Chen, HF Chen, HS Chereau, X Chiefari, G Chien, CY Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Civinini, C Clare, I Clare, R Cohn, HO Coignet, G Colijn, AP Colino, N Commichau, V Costantini, S Cotorobai, F delaCruz, B Csilling, A Dai, TS DAlessandro, R deAsmundis, R Degre, A Deiters, K dellaVolpe, D Denes, P DeNotaristefani, F DiBitonto, D Diemoz, M vanDierendonck, D DiLodovico, F Dionisi, C Dittmar, M Dominguez, A Doria, A Dova, MT Duchesneau, D Duinker, P Duran, I Dutta, S Easo, S Efremenko, Y ElMamouni, H Engler, A Eppling, FJ Erne, FC Ernenwein, JP Extermann, P Fabre, M Faccini, R Falciano, S Favara, A Fay, J Fedin, O Felcini, M Fenyi, B Ferguson, T Ferroni, F Fesefeldt, H Fiandrini, E Field, JH Filthaut, F Fisher, PH Fisk, I Forconi, G Fredj, L Freudenreich, K Furetta, C Galaktionov, Y Ganguli, SN GarciaAbia, P Gau, SS Gentile, S Gheordanescu, N Giagu, S Goldfarb, S Goldstein, J Gong, ZF Gougas, A Gratta, G Gruenewald, MW Gupta, VK Gurtu, A Gutay, LJ Hartmann, B Hasan, A Hatzifotiadou, D Hebbeker, T Herve, A vanHoek, WC Hofer, H Hong, SJ Hoorani, H Hou, SR Hu, G Innocente, V Jenkes, K Jin, BN Jones, LW deJong, P JosaMutuberria, I Kasser, A Khan, RA Kamrad, D Kamyshkov, Y Kapustinsky, JS Karyotakis, Y Kaur, M KienzleFocacci, MN Kim, D Kim, DH Kim, JK Kim, SC Kim, YG Kinnison, WW Kirkby, A Kirkby, D Kirkby, J Kiss, D Kittel, W Klimentov, A Konig, AC Kopp, A Korolko, I Koutsenko, V Kraemer, RW Krenz, W Kunin, A deGuevara, PL Laktineh, I Landi, G Lapoint, C Lassilaperini, K Laurikainen, P Lebeau, M Lebedev, A Lebrun, P Lecomte, P Lecoq, P LeCoultre, P LeGoff, JM Leiste, R Leonardi, E Levtchenko, P Li, C Lin, CH Lin, WT Linde, FL Lista, L Liu, ZA Lohmann, W Longo, E Lu, W Lu, YS Lubelsmeyer, K Luci, C Luckey, D Luminari, L Lustermann, W Ma, WG Maity, M Majumder, G Malgeri, L Malinin, A Mana, C Mangeol, D Mangla, S Marchesini, P Marin, A Martin, JP Marzano, F Massaro, GGG McNally, D McNeil, RR Mele, S Merola, L Meschini, M Metzger, WJ vonderMey, M Mi, Y Mihul, A vanMil, AJW Mirabelli, G Mnich, J Molnar, P Monteleoni, B Moore, R Morganti, S Moulik, T Mount, R Muller, S Muheim, F Muijs, AJM Nahn, S Napolitano, M NessiTedaldi, F Newman, H Niessen, T Nippe, A Nisati, A Nowak, H Oh, YD Opitz, H Organtini, G Ostonen, R Palomares, C Pandoulas, D Paoletti, S Paolucci, P Park, HK Park, IH Pascale, G Passaleva, G Patricelli, S Paul, T Pauluzzi, M Paus, C Pauss, F Peach, D Pei, YJ Pensotti, S PerretGallix, D Petersen, B Petrak, S Pevsner, A Piccolo, D Pieri, M Pinto, JC Piroue, PA Pistolesi, E Plyaskin, V Pohl, M Pojidaev, V Postema, H Produit, N Prokofiev, D RahalCallot, G Raja, N Rancoita, PG Rattaggi, M Raven, G Razis, P Read, K Ren, D Rescigno, M Reucroft, S vanRhee, T Riemann, S Riles, K Robohm, A Rodin, J Roe, BP Romero, L RosierLees, S Rosselet, P vanRossum, W Roth, S Rubio, JA Ruschmeier, D Rykaczewski, H Salicio, J Sanchez, E Sanders, MP Sarakinos, ME Sarkar, S Sassowsky, M Schafer, C Schegelsky, V SchmidtKaerst, S Schmitz, D Schmitz, P Scholz, N Schopper, H Schotanus, DJ Schwenke, J Schwering, G Sciacca, C Sciarrino, D Servoli, L Shevchenko, S Shivarov, N Shoutko, V Shukla, J Shumilov, E Shvorob, A Siedenburg, T Son, D Sopczak, A Smith, B Spillantini, P Steuer, M Stickland, DP Stone, A Stone, H Stoyanov, B Straessner, A Strauch, K Sudhakar, K Sultanov, G Sun, LZ Susinno, GF Suter, H Swain, JD Tang, XW Tauscher, L Taylor, L Ting, SCC Ting, SM Tonutti, M Tonwar, SC Toth, J Tully, C Tuchscherer, H Tung, KL Uchida, Y Ulbricht, J Uwer, U Valente, E VandeWalle, RT Vesztergombi, G Vetlitsky, I Viertel, G Vivargent, M Volkaert, R Vogel, H Vogt, H Vorobiev, I Vorobyov, AA Vorvolakos, A Wadhwa, M Wallraff, W Wang, JC Wang, XL Wang, ZM Weber, A Wittgenstein, F Wu, SX Wynhoff, S Xu, J Xu, ZZ Yang, BZ Yang, CG Yao, XY Ye, JB Yeh, SC You, JM Zalite, A Zalite, Y Zemp, P Zeng, Y Zhang, Z Zhang, ZP Zhou, B Zhu, GY Zhu, RY Zichichi, A Ziegler, F AF Acciarri, M Adriani, O AguilarBenitez, M Ahlen, S Alcaraz, J Alemanni, G Allaby, J Aloisio, A Alverson, G Alviggi, MG Ambrosi, G Anderhub, H Andreev, VP Angelescu, T Anselmo, F Arefiev, A Azemoon, T Aziz, T Bagnaia, P Baksay, L Banerjee, S Banerjee, S Banicz, K Barczyk, A Barillere, R Barone, L Bartalini, P Baschirotto, A Basile, M Battiston, R Bay, A Becattini, F Becker, U Behner, F Berdugo, J Berges, P Bertucci, B Betev, BL Bhattacharya, S Biasini, M Biland, A Bilei, GM Blaising, JJ Blyth, SC Bobbink, GJ Bock, R Bohm, A Boldizsar, L Borgia, B Bourilkov, D Bourquin, M Braccini, S Branson, JG Brigljevic, V Brock, IC Buffini, A Buijs, A Burger, JD Burger, WJ Busenitz, J Button, A Cai, XD Campanelli, M Capell, M Romeo, GC Carlino, G Cartacci, AM Casaus, J Castellini, G Cavallari, F Cavallo, N Cecchi, C Cerrada, M Cesaroni, F Chamizo, M Chang, YH Chaturvedi, UK Chekanov, SV Chemarin, M Chen, A Chen, G Chen, GM Chen, HF Chen, HS Chereau, X Chiefari, G Chien, CY Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Civinini, C Clare, I Clare, R Cohn, HO Coignet, G Colijn, AP Colino, N Commichau, V Costantini, S Cotorobai, F delaCruz, B Csilling, A Dai, TS DAlessandro, R deAsmundis, R Degre, A Deiters, K dellaVolpe, D Denes, P DeNotaristefani, F DiBitonto, D Diemoz, M vanDierendonck, D DiLodovico, F Dionisi, C Dittmar, M Dominguez, A Doria, A Dova, MT Duchesneau, D Duinker, P Duran, I Dutta, S Easo, S Efremenko, Y ElMamouni, H Engler, A Eppling, FJ Erne, FC Ernenwein, JP Extermann, P Fabre, M Faccini, R Falciano, S Favara, A Fay, J Fedin, O Felcini, M Fenyi, B Ferguson, T Ferroni, F Fesefeldt, H Fiandrini, E Field, JH Filthaut, F Fisher, PH Fisk, I Forconi, G Fredj, L Freudenreich, K Furetta, C Galaktionov, Y Ganguli, SN GarciaAbia, P Gau, SS Gentile, S Gheordanescu, N Giagu, S Goldfarb, S Goldstein, J Gong, ZF Gougas, A Gratta, G Gruenewald, MW Gupta, VK Gurtu, A Gutay, LJ Hartmann, B Hasan, A Hatzifotiadou, D Hebbeker, T Herve, A vanHoek, WC Hofer, H Hong, SJ Hoorani, H Hou, SR Hu, G Innocente, V Jenkes, K Jin, BN Jones, LW deJong, P JosaMutuberria, I Kasser, A Khan, RA Kamrad, D Kamyshkov, Y Kapustinsky, JS Karyotakis, Y Kaur, M KienzleFocacci, MN Kim, D Kim, DH Kim, JK Kim, SC Kim, YG Kinnison, WW Kirkby, A Kirkby, D Kirkby, J Kiss, D Kittel, W Klimentov, A Konig, AC Kopp, A Korolko, I Koutsenko, V Kraemer, RW Krenz, W Kunin, A deGuevara, PL Laktineh, I Landi, G Lapoint, C Lassilaperini, K Laurikainen, P Lebeau, M Lebedev, A Lebrun, P Lecomte, P Lecoq, P LeCoultre, P LeGoff, JM Leiste, R Leonardi, E Levtchenko, P Li, C Lin, CH Lin, WT Linde, FL Lista, L Liu, ZA Lohmann, W Longo, E Lu, W Lu, YS Lubelsmeyer, K Luci, C Luckey, D Luminari, L Lustermann, W Ma, WG Maity, M Majumder, G Malgeri, L Malinin, A Mana, C Mangeol, D Mangla, S Marchesini, P Marin, A Martin, JP Marzano, F Massaro, GGG McNally, D McNeil, RR Mele, S Merola, L Meschini, M Metzger, WJ vonderMey, M Mi, Y Mihul, A vanMil, AJW Mirabelli, G Mnich, J Molnar, P Monteleoni, B Moore, R Morganti, S Moulik, T Mount, R Muller, S Muheim, F Muijs, AJM Nahn, S Napolitano, M NessiTedaldi, F Newman, H Niessen, T Nippe, A Nisati, A Nowak, H Oh, YD Opitz, H Organtini, G Ostonen, R Palomares, C Pandoulas, D Paoletti, S Paolucci, P Park, HK Park, IH Pascale, G Passaleva, G Patricelli, S Paul, T Pauluzzi, M Paus, C Pauss, F Peach, D Pei, YJ Pensotti, S PerretGallix, D Petersen, B Petrak, S Pevsner, A Piccolo, D Pieri, M Pinto, JC Piroue, PA Pistolesi, E Plyaskin, V Pohl, M Pojidaev, V Postema, H Produit, N Prokofiev, D RahalCallot, G Raja, N Rancoita, PG Rattaggi, M Raven, G Razis, P Read, K Ren, D Rescigno, M Reucroft, S vanRhee, T Riemann, S Riles, K Robohm, A Rodin, J Roe, BP Romero, L RosierLees, S Rosselet, P vanRossum, W Roth, S Rubio, JA Ruschmeier, D Rykaczewski, H Salicio, J Sanchez, E Sanders, MP Sarakinos, ME Sarkar, S Sassowsky, M Schafer, C Schegelsky, V SchmidtKaerst, S Schmitz, D Schmitz, P Scholz, N Schopper, H Schotanus, DJ Schwenke, J Schwering, G Sciacca, C Sciarrino, D Servoli, L Shevchenko, S Shivarov, N Shoutko, V Shukla, J Shumilov, E Shvorob, A Siedenburg, T Son, D Sopczak, A Smith, B Spillantini, P Steuer, M Stickland, DP Stone, A Stone, H Stoyanov, B Straessner, A Strauch, K Sudhakar, K Sultanov, G Sun, LZ Susinno, GF Suter, H Swain, JD Tang, XW Tauscher, L Taylor, L Ting, SCC Ting, SM Tonutti, M Tonwar, SC Toth, J Tully, C Tuchscherer, H Tung, KL Uchida, Y Ulbricht, J Uwer, U Valente, E VandeWalle, RT Vesztergombi, G Vetlitsky, I Viertel, G Vivargent, M Volkaert, R Vogel, H Vogt, H Vorobiev, I Vorobyov, AA Vorvolakos, A Wadhwa, M Wallraff, W Wang, JC Wang, XL Wang, ZM Weber, A Wittgenstein, F Wu, SX Wynhoff, S Xu, J Xu, ZZ Yang, BZ Yang, CG Yao, XY Ye, JB Yeh, SC You, JM Zalite, A Zalite, Y Zemp, P Zeng, Y Zhang, Z Zhang, ZP Zhou, B Zhu, GY Zhu, RY Zichichi, A Ziegler, F TI QCD studies and determination of alpha(s) in e(+)e(-) collisions at root s=161 GeV and 172 GeV SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID HADRONIC-Z-DECAYS; CHARGED-PARTICLE MULTIPLICITIES; LUND MONTE-CARLO; E+E ANNIHILATION; JET FRAGMENTATION; PETRA ENERGIES; L3 EXPERIMENT; PHYSICS; LEP; SIMULATION AB We present a study of the structure of hadronic events recorded by the L3 detector at LEP at the center of mass energies of 161 and 172 GeV. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 21.25 pb(-1) collected during the high energy runs of 1996, The distributions of event shape variables and the energy dependence of their mean values are well reproduced by QCD models. From a comparison of the data with resummed O(alpha(s)(2)) QCD calculations, we determine the strong coupling constant at the two energies. Combining this with our earlier measurements we find that the strong coupling constant decreases with increasing energy as expected in QCD. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 RHEIN WESTFAL TH AACHEN, INST PHYS 1, D-52056 AACHEN, GERMANY. RHEIN WESTFAL TH AACHEN, INST PHYS 3, D-52056 AACHEN, GERMANY. NATL INST NUCL & HIGH ENERGY PHYS, NIKHEF, NL-1009 DB AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS. UNIV AMSTERDAM, NL-1009 DB AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS. UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA. LAB ANNECY LE VIEUX PHYS PARTICULES, CNRS, IN2P3, LAPP, F-74941 ANNECY LE VIEUX, FRANCE. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, BALTIMORE, MD 21218 USA. UNIV BASEL, INST PHYS, CH-4056 BASEL, SWITZERLAND. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803 USA. INST HIGH ENERGY PHYS, BEIJING 100039, PEOPLES R CHINA. HUMBOLDT UNIV BERLIN, D-10099 BERLIN, GERMANY. UNIV BOLOGNA, I-40126 BOLOGNA, ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-40126 BOLOGNA, ITALY. TATA INST FUNDAMENTAL RES, BOMBAY 400005, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA. BOSTON UNIV, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA. NORTHEASTERN UNIV, BOSTON, MA 02115 USA. INST ATOM PHYS, R-76900 BUCHAREST, ROMANIA. UNIV BUCHAREST, R-76900 BUCHAREST, ROMANIA. HUNGARIAN ACAD SCI, CENT RES INST PHYS, H-1525 BUDAPEST 114, HUNGARY. HARVARD UNIV, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA. MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-50125 FLORENCE, ITALY. UNIV FLORENCE, I-50125 FLORENCE, ITALY. CERN, EUROPEAN LAB PARTICLE PHYS, CH-1211 GENEVA 23, SWITZERLAND. WORLD LAB, FBLJA PROJECT, CH-1211 GENEVA 23, SWITZERLAND. UNIV GENEVA, CH-1211 GENEVA 4, SWITZERLAND. CHINESE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, HEFEI 230029, ANHUI, PEOPLES R CHINA. RES INST HIGH ENERGY PHYS, SEFT, SF-00014 HELSINKI, FINLAND. UNIV LAUSANNE, CH-1015 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-73100 LECCE, ITALY. UNIV LECCE, I-73100 LECCE, ITALY. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87544 USA. UNIV LYON 1, CNRS, IN2P3, INST PHYS NUCL LYON, F-69622 VILLEURBANNE, FRANCE. CIEMAT, E-28040 MADRID, SPAIN. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-20133 MILAN, ITALY. INST THEORET & EXPT PHYS, MOSCOW 117259, RUSSIA. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-80125 NAPLES, ITALY. UNIV NAPLES, I-80125 NAPLES, ITALY. UNIV CYPRUS, DEPT NAT SCI, NICOSIA, CYPRUS. CATHOLIC UNIV NIJMEGEN, NL-6525 ED NIJMEGEN, NETHERLANDS. NATL INST NUCL PHYS & HIGH ENERGY PHYS, NL-6525 ED NIJMEGEN, NETHERLANDS. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. CALTECH, PASADENA, CA 91125 USA. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-06100 PERUGIA, ITALY. UNIV PERUGIA, I-06100 PERUGIA, ITALY. CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213 USA. PRINCETON UNIV, PRINCETON, NJ 08544 USA. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-00185 ROME, ITALY. UNIV ROMA LA SAPIENZA, I-00185 ROME, ITALY. INST PHYS NUCL, ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA. UNIV SALERNO, I-84100 SALERNO, ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-84100 SALERNO, ITALY. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA. UNIV SANTIAGO, DEPT FIS PARTICULAS ELEMENTALES, E-15706 SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA, SPAIN. BULGARIAN ACAD SCI, CENT LAB MECHATRON & INSTRUMENTAT, BU-1113 SOFIA, BULGARIA. KOREA ADV INST SCI & TECHNOL, CTR HIGH ENERGY PHYS, TAEJON 305701, SOUTH KOREA. UNIV ALABAMA, TUSCALOOSA, AL 35486 USA. UNIV UTRECHT, NL-3584 CB UTRECHT, NETHERLANDS. NIKHEF H, NL-3584 CB UTRECHT, NETHERLANDS. PURDUE UNIV, W LAFAYETTE, IN 47907 USA. PAUL SCHERRER INST, CH-5232 VILLIGEN, SWITZERLAND. DESY, INST HOCHENERGIEPHYS, D-15738 ZEUTHEN, GERMANY. ETH ZURICH, CH-8093 ZURICH, SWITZERLAND. UNIV HAMBURG, D-22761 HAMBURG, GERMANY. RP Acciarri, M (reprint author), IST NAZL FIS NUCL, VIA CELORIA 16, I-20133 MILAN, ITALY. RI Sanchez, Eusebio/H-5228-2015; Duran, Ignacio/H-7254-2015; Rancoita, Pier Giorgio/J-9896-2015; Hoorani, Hafeez/D-1791-2013; Palomares, Carmen/H-7783-2015; Fedin, Oleg/H-6753-2016; Roth, Stefan/J-2757-2016; Kamyshkov, Yuri/J-7999-2016; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/F-5897-2015; Fiandrini, Emanuele/C-4549-2008; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Kirkby, Jasper/A-4973-2012; Servoli, Leonello/E-6766-2012; bertucci, bruna/J-5237-2012; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Cerrada, Marcos/J-6934-2014; de la Cruz, Begona/K-7552-2014; Josa, Isabel/K-5184-2014; Vogel, Helmut/N-8882-2014; Ferguson, Thomas/O-3444-2014; Berdugo, Javier/A-2858-2015 OI Sanchez, Eusebio/0000-0002-9646-8198; Rancoita, Pier Giorgio/0000-0002-1990-4283; Palomares, Carmen/0000-0003-4374-9065; Roth, Stefan/0000-0003-3616-2223; Kamyshkov, Yuri/0000-0002-3789-7152; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/0000-0001-7997-0306; Kirkby, Jasper/0000-0003-2341-9069; Servoli, Leonello/0000-0003-1725-9185; Cerrada, Marcos/0000-0003-0112-1691; Vogel, Helmut/0000-0002-6109-3023; Ferguson, Thomas/0000-0001-5822-3731; Berdugo, Javier/0000-0002-7911-8532 NR 67 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 10 PY 1997 VL 404 IS 3-4 BP 390 EP 402 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(97)00647-3 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA XK526 UT WOS:A1997XK52600025 ER PT J AU See, AK Siu, WK Bartynski, RA Nangia, A Weiss, AH Hulbert, SL Wu, X Kao, CC AF See, AK Siu, WK Bartynski, RA Nangia, A Weiss, AH Hulbert, SL Wu, X Kao, CC TI Enhanced sensitivity to oxide surface defects using Auger-photoelectron coincidence spectroscopy SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Letter DE Auger ejection; Auger electron spectroscopy; photoelectron emission; surface defects; titanium oxide ID ELECTRONIC INTERACTIONS; SYNCHROTRON RADIATION; CHEMISORBED PHASES; TIO2(110) SURFACE; TIO2; TITANIUM; ADSORPTION; SPECTRA; SRTIO3; OXYGEN AB We present Auger-photoelectron coincidence (APECS) spectra of the Ti 3p core level obtained in coincidence with Ti M2,3VV Auger electrons from the stoichiometric and Vacuum annealed TiO2(110) surfaces. For both surfaces, emission corresponding to reduced oxidation states has approximately an order of magnitude greater relative intensity in the coincidence spectrum as compared with the corresponding ordinary (singles) photoemission spectrum. We associate the excess coincidence signal from the stoichiometric surface with previously undetected residual defects. The origins and implications of the enhanced sensitivity of APECS to defects at oxide surfaces is discussed. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 RUTGERS STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08855. RUTGERS STATE UNIV,SURFACE MODIFICAT LAB,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08855. UNIV TEXAS,DEPT PHYS,ARLINGTON,TX 76019. UNIV TEXAS,MAT SCI PROGRAM,ARLINGTON,TX 76019. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,NATL SYNCHROTRON LIGHT SOURCE DEPT,UPTON,NY 11973. RI Weiss, Alex/G-4941-2011 NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD JUL 10 PY 1997 VL 383 IS 2-3 BP L735 EP L741 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(97)00165-9 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA XU666 UT WOS:A1997XU66600001 ER PT J AU Peterson, KA Dunning, TH AF Peterson, KA Dunning, TH TI The CO molecule: The role of basis set and correlation treatment in the calculation of molecular properties SO THEOCHEM-JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE LA English DT Article DE carbon monoxide; ab initio; electronic structure; spectroscopic constants; electric moments; polarizabilities ID CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION CALCULATIONS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; DIPOLE-MOMENT FUNCTION; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; BENCHMARK CALCULATIONS; CARBON-MONOXIDE; COUPLED-CLUSTER; DIATOMIC-MOLECULES; 1S CORRELATION; ENERGY AB Although Hartree-Fock wave functions can provide a semi-quantitative description of the electronic structure of molecules, accurate predictions cannot be made without explicit inclusion of the effects of electron correlation. In correlated calculations, the accuracy of the wave function is determined by two expansions: the many-electron expansion in terms of molecular orbitals that defines the form of the wave function and the basis set used to expand the one-electron molecular orbitals. Thus, to assess the accuracy of a given wave function (correlation method), it is necessary to examine the dependence of a given property on the basis set. In this work, systematic sequences of correlation consistent basis sets ranging in size from double-to sextuple-zeta (cc-pVnZ) have been employed together with several commonly used electron correlation methods, e.g., MPn (n = 2-4), CCSD, CCSD(T), and MRCI, to calculate the spectroscopic constants and selected molecular properties of the carbon monoxide molecule. The computed spectroscopic constants show excellent convergence toward the complete basis set (CBS) limit, and the intrinsic errors of each correlation method have been assessed and compared. The effects of correlating the is-like core electrons have also been determined using a sequence of core-valence cc-pCVnZ basis sets with the CCSD(T) and ACPF methods. A number of other properties have also been calculated For each correlation method as a function of the correlation consistent basis set: the dipole moment, quadrupole moment, dipole polarizability, and the first and second hyperpolarizabilities. For these calculations, results using the aug-cc-pVnZ basis sets are compared with those obtained using basis sets incorporating another complete shell of diffuse functions, d-aug-cc-pVnZ. In each case well-behaved convergence toward the CBS limit is observed for each theoretical method. For both the calculated spectroscopic constants and molecular properties, comparisons are made to previous calculations and the available experimental data. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 PACIFIC NW LAB, ENVIRONM MOL SCI LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RP Peterson, KA (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, DEPT CHEM, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 74 TC 105 Z9 105 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 THEOCHEM-J MOL STRUC JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD JUL 10 PY 1997 VL 400 BP 93 EP 117 DI 10.1016/S0166-1280(97)00083-3 PG 25 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA XW309 UT WOS:A1997XW30900005 ER PT J AU Westre, TE Kennepohl, P DeWitt, JG Hedman, B Hodgson, KO Solomon, EI AF Westre, TE Kennepohl, P DeWitt, JG Hedman, B Hodgson, KO Solomon, EI TI A multiplet analysis of Fe K-edge 1s->3d pre-edge features of iron complexes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; MAGNETIC CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; INHOMOGENEOUS ELECTRON-GAS; ACTIVE-SITE; RIBONUCLEOTIDE REDUCTASE; SOYBEAN LIPOXYGENASE-1; METHANE MONOOXYGENASE; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; CORRELATION-ENERGY; FINE-STRUCTURE AB X-ray absorption Fe-K edge data on ferrous and ferric model complexes have been studied to establish a detailed understanding of the 1s --> 3d pre-edge feature and its sensitivity to the electronic structure of the iron site. The energy position and splitting, and intensity distribution, of the pre-edge feature were found to vary systematically with spin state, oxidation state, geometry, and bridging ligation (for binuclear complexes). A methodology for interpreting the energy splitting and intensity distribution of the 1s --> 3d pre-edge features was developed for high-spin ferrous and ferric complexes in octahedral, tetrahedral, and square pyramidal environments and low-spin ferrous and ferric complexes in octahedral environments. In each case, the allowable many-electron excited states were determined using ligand field theory. The energies of the excited states were calculated and compared to the energy splitting in the 1s --> 3d pre-edge features. The relative intensities of electric quadrupole transitions into the many-electron excited states were obtained and compared to the intensity pattern of the pre-edge feature. The effects of distorting the octahedral iron site to tetrahedral and square pyramidal geometries were analyzed. The contributions to the pre-edge intensity from both electric quadrupole and electric dipole (from 3d-4p mixing) intensity mechanisms were established for these distorted cases; the amount of 4p character and its distribution over the many-electron final states were experimentally estimated and compared to theoretical predictions from density functional calculations. The methodology was also applied to binuclear complexes, and a clear marker for the presence of a mu-oxo Fe-O-Fe bridge was established. General trends in 3d-4p mixing are developed and discussed for a series of geometries and oxidation states of Fe complexes. The results presented should further aid in the interpretation of the Is - 3d pre-edge region of iron complexes and non-heme iron enzymes. C1 STANFORD UNIV,DEPT CHEM,STANFORD,CA 94305. STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB,STANFORD,CA 94305. RI Kennepohl, Pierre/B-2096-2009 OI Kennepohl, Pierre/0000-0003-3408-9157 NR 99 TC 690 Z9 692 U1 6 U2 128 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 9 PY 1997 VL 119 IS 27 BP 6297 EP 6314 DI 10.1021/ja964352a PG 18 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XJ833 UT WOS:A1997XJ83300011 ER PT J AU Debreczeny, MP Wasielewski, MR Shinoda, S Osuka, A AF Debreczeny, MP Wasielewski, MR Shinoda, S Osuka, A TI Singlet-singlet energy transfer mechanisms in covalently-linked fucoxanthin- and zeaxanthin-pyropheophorbide molecules SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-HARVESTING COMPLEX; XANTHOPHYLL CYCLE; CAROTENOIDS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; FEMTOSECOND; DYNAMICS; MODEL; STATE; DYADS AB Two carotenoids, fucoxanthin and zeaxanthin, were covalently attached to each of five different pyropheophorbides. Singlet-singlet energy transfer within these ten carotenopyropheophorbide compounds was measured by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy,and steady-state fluorescence excitation spectroscopy. In all five compounds containing fucoxanthin, energy transfer was found to occur from the higher-lying fucoxanthin S-1 state to the lower-lying pyropheophorbide S-1 state with 12-44% efficiency. The multiple saturated bonds separating the rt systems of the fucoxanthin and pyropheophorbide molecules, the fact that the fucoxanthin S-1 <-> S-0 transition is partially allowed, and the good agreement between experimental and calculated energy transfer rates suggest that the Coulomb (Forster) mechanism is more important than the electron exchange (Dexter) mechanism for singlet-singlet energy transfer in these compounds. In contrast, all five zeaxanthin-containing compounds showed no clear evidence of energy transfer from the zeaxanthin S-1 state to the pyropheophorbide S-1 state. This is consistent with placing the zeaxanthin S-1 state energy level slightly below that of all the pyropheophorbides examined here. However, energy transfer efficiencies of up to 15% were observed from the zeaxanthin S-2 state to the pyropheophorbide S-1 state. These results suggest that several energy transfer mechanisms may operate simultaneously when carotenoid-chlorophyll distances are short. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM,ARGONNE,IL 60439. NORTHWESTERN UNIV,DEPT CHEM,EVANSTON,IL 60208. KYOTO UNIV,FAC SCI,DEPT CHEM,KYOTO 60601,JAPAN. RI Osuka, Atsuhiro/C-7670-2011; Shinoda, Satoshi/D-1608-2017 OI Osuka, Atsuhiro/0000-0001-8697-8488; Shinoda, Satoshi/0000-0001-7735-8156 NR 26 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 9 PY 1997 VL 119 IS 27 BP 6407 EP 6414 DI 10.1021/ja970594e PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XJ833 UT WOS:A1997XJ83300022 ER PT J AU Ozette, K Leduc, P Palacio, M Bartoli, JF Barkigia, KM Fajer, J Battioni, P Mansuy, D AF Ozette, K Leduc, P Palacio, M Bartoli, JF Barkigia, KM Fajer, J Battioni, P Mansuy, D TI New metalloporphyrins with extremely altered redox properties: Synthesis, structure, and facile reduction to air-stable pi-anion radicals of zinc and nickel beta-heptanitroporphyrins SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PORPHYRINS; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; CATALYSTS; COMPLEXES C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT APPL SCI,UPTON,NY 11973. UNIV PARIS 05,URA 400,F-75270 PARIS 06,FRANCE. NR 27 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 9 PY 1997 VL 119 IS 27 BP 6442 EP 6443 DI 10.1021/ja970882a PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XJ833 UT WOS:A1997XJ83300030 ER PT J AU Opresko, DM AF Opresko, DM TI Review of the genus Schizopathes (Cnidaria: Antipatharia: Schizopathidae) with a description of a new species from the Indian Ocean SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Review AB The genus Schizopathes is reviewed and its relationship with other genera in the family is discussed. The genus contains two previously described species, S. affinis Brook and S. crassa Brook, and one new species described here as S. amplispina. Schizopathes amplispina can be differentiated from S. affinis and S. crassa by its larger spines and more closely spaced pinnules. Schizopathes amplispina is known only from the type locality in the western Indian Ocean. RP Opresko, DM (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,1060 COMMERCE PK 107,OAK RIDGE,TN 37830, USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL 9 PY 1997 VL 110 IS 2 BP 157 EP 166 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA XL640 UT WOS:A1997XL64000001 ER PT J AU Schmidt, SC Moore, DS Shaw, MS AF Schmidt, SC Moore, DS Shaw, MS TI Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy of shock-compressed liquid carbon monoxide-oxygen and nitrogen-oxygen mixtures SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DENSE FLUID NITROGEN; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; GAIN SPECTROSCOPY; Q-BRANCH; SCATTERING; THERMODYNAMICS; DEPENDENCE; CARS; TEMPERATURE; SIMULATION AB A two-stage light gas gun and single-pulse multiplex coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) have been used to obtain carbon monoxide, nitrogen, and oxygen vibrational spectra for several high-pressure/high-temperature, dense fluid, carbon monoxide-oxygen, and nitrogen-oxygen mixtures. The experimental spectra were compared to synthetic spectra calculated with a semiclassical model for CARS intensities and using best fit vibrational frequencies, peak Raman susceptibilities, and Raman linewidths for each mixture component. Up to a maximum shock pressure of 6.75 GPa for carbon monoxide-oxygen mixtures, the CO and O-2 vibrational frequencies were found to increase monotonically with pressure and depended on the carbon monoxide-oxygen mixture ratio. For the nitrogen-oxygen mixtures, the N-2 vibrational frequency increased monotonically with pressure to a maximum experimental pressure of 12.9 GPa, however the O-2 vibrational frequency increased with pressure to about 11 GPa and then appeared to decrease slightly as the pressure increased to the experiment maximum of 12.9 GPa. Empirical fits of the measured Raman frequencies incorporating previously published neat nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and oxygen data and using a functional form dependent on pressure, temperature, and mixture ratio, accurately describe the N-2, CO, and O-2 vibrational frequency shifts for both the carbon monoxide-oxygen and the nitrogen-oxygen mixtures. The transition intensity and linewidth data suggest that thermal equilibrium of the vibrational levels is attained in less than 10 ns at these shock pressures. The vibrational temperatures obtained for the nitrogen-oxygen mixtures were used to improve the oxygen potential function used to calculate equation-of-state pressures and temperatures. The measured linewidths for CO, N-2, and O-2 were different for the different mixtures and did not appear to depended significantly on mixture ratios, The broadening of all spectral lines suggested that the vibrational dephasing time for each species decreased to a few ps at the highest pressure shock states. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. RP Schmidt, SC (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. RI Moore, David/C-8692-2013 NR 67 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 8 PY 1997 VL 107 IS 2 BP 325 EP 336 DI 10.1063/1.474393 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA XH838 UT WOS:A1997XH83800004 ER PT J AU Brock, LR Mischler, B Rohlfing, EA Bise, RT Neumark, DM AF Brock, LR Mischler, B Rohlfing, EA Bise, RT Neumark, DM TI Laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy of the ketenyl radical SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EMISSION PUMPING SPECTROSCOPY; FLASH KINETIC SPECTROSCOPY; O+C2H2(C2D2) REACTION; BRANCHING RATIO; RENNER-TELLER; HCCO; CONSTANTS; SYSTEMS AB We report the first laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) excitation spectrum of the ketenyl radical, HCCO, which is produced by the 193 nm photolysis of ketene in a free jet expansion. A series of vibronic bands in the (B) over tilde (2) Pi-(X) over tilde (2)A '' system are observed. The LIF band positions and rotational structures are in excellent agreement with those of a recent photofragment yield (PFY) spectrum [D. L. Osborn et al., J. Chem. Phys. (to be published)] from the origin at 33 424 cm(-1) to 35 100 cm(-1). At higher energies the LIF spectrum breaks off sharply due to a rapid increase in the rate of predissociation. The lifetime of the vibrationless level of the (B) over tilde state is less than 1 ns; the estimated quantum yield of fluorescence is similar to 10(-3). (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT CHEM,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV CHEM SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Brock, LR (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,COMBUST RES FACIL,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. RI Neumark, Daniel/B-9551-2009 OI Neumark, Daniel/0000-0002-3762-9473 NR 29 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 8 PY 1997 VL 107 IS 2 BP 665 EP 668 DI 10.1063/1.474427 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA XH838 UT WOS:A1997XH83800042 ER PT J AU Stang, PJ Olenyuk, B Muddiman, DC Smith, RD AF Stang, PJ Olenyuk, B Muddiman, DC Smith, RD TI Transition-metal-mediated rational design and self-assembly of chiral, nanoscale supramolecular polyhedra with unique T symmetry SO ORGANOMETALLICS LA English DT Article ID STATE-INDUCED TRANSFORMATIONS; FUNCTIONALIZED 2,6-OLIGOPYRIDINES; HELICAL COMPLEXES; PALLADIUM(II) COMPLEXES; CU-I; QUINQUEPYRIDINE; QUATERPYRIDINE; MOLECULES; LIGANDS; STRANDS AB A novel family of chiral, discrete, nanoscale-sized supramolecular cages are prepared, via self-assembly and noncovalent interactions from the tridentate ligand 1,3,5-tris[(4-pyridyl)ethynyl]benzene and [(R)-(+)-BINAP]Pd-II and -Pt-II bis(triflates). The cationic parts of these highly symmetrical species possess large three-dimensional cavities and are rare examples of molecules with T symmetry. C1 PACIFIC NW NATL LAB, MACROMOL STRUCT & DYNAM DIV, ENVIRONM MOL SCI LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RP Stang, PJ (reprint author), UNIV UTAH, DEPT CHEM, SALT LAKE CITY, UT 84112 USA. RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 NR 37 TC 119 Z9 119 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0276-7333 J9 ORGANOMETALLICS JI Organometallics PD JUL 8 PY 1997 VL 16 IS 14 BP 3094 EP 3096 DI 10.1021/om9702993 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA XK497 UT WOS:A1997XK49700005 ER PT J AU Krauss, SW Chasis, JA Rogers, C Mohandas, N Krockmalnic, G Penman, S AF Krauss, SW Chasis, JA Rogers, C Mohandas, N Krockmalnic, G Penman, S TI Structural protein 4.1 is located in mammalian centrosomes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MEMBRANE SKELETAL PROTEIN-4.1; MITOTIC SPINDLE POLES; ERYTHROCYTE PROTEIN-4.1; BAND 4.1; ISOFORMS; EXPRESSION; CELLS; ORGANIZATION; NUCLEAR; DIFFERENTIATION AB Structural protein 4.1 was first characterized as an important 80-kDa protein in the mature red cell membrane skeleton. It is now known to be a member of a family of protein isoforms detected at diverse intracellular sites in many nucleated mammalian cells. We recently reported that protein 4.1 isoforms are present at interphase in nuclear matrix and are rearranged during the cell cycle. Here we report that protein 4.1 epitopes are present in centrosomes of human and murine cells and are detected by using affinity-purified antibodies specific for 80-kDa red cell 4.1 and for 4.1 peptides. Immunofluorescence, by both conventional and confocal microscopy, showed that protein 4.1 epitopes localized in the pericentriolar region. Protein 4.1 epitopes remained in centrosomes after extraction of cells with detergent, salt, and DNase. Higher resolution electron microscopy of detergent-extracted cell whole mounts shelved centrosomal protein 4.1 epitopes distributed along centriolar cylinders and on pericentriolar fibers, at least some of which constitute the filamentous network surrounding each centriole. Double-label electron microscopy showed that protein 4.1 epitopes were predominately localized in regions also occupied by epitopes for centrosome-specific autoimmune serum 5051 but were not found on microtubules. Our results suggest that protein 4.1 is an integral component of centrosome structure, in,which it may play an important role in centrosome function during cell division and organization of cellular architecture. C1 MIT,DEPT BIOL,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. RP Krauss, SW (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DEPT BIOPHYS & BIOMOL STRUCT,1 CYCLOTRON RD,MS 74-157,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [P01 DK032094, DK32094] NR 42 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 8 PY 1997 VL 94 IS 14 BP 7297 EP 7302 DI 10.1073/pnas.94.14.7297 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XJ876 UT WOS:A1997XJ87600033 PM 9207085 ER PT J AU Christensen, RM AF Christensen, RM TI Yield functions failure criteria for isotropic materials SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB A new yield function formalism is developed for isotropic materials. A spectrum of forms are inclusive to the general form that has two yield parameters. One parameter is that of a scale type involving uniform expansion or contraction of the yield function. The other is a non-dimensional shape parameter that controls the shape of the function in stress space. Thus the entire range of different behavioural types is accessed by varying a single parameter, the shape parameter. At one extreme of the behaviour is the usual Mises form involving distortional control. At the other extreme is a highly dilatant type of behaviour strongly influenced by mean normal stress. An intermediate range of behaviour is identified as being fracture controlled. The overall forms apply to the initial yielding of materials as well as to strength type behaviour where appropriate. C1 STANFORD UNIV, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. RP Christensen, RM (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, DEPT CHEM & MAT SCI, POB 808, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. NR 18 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-5021 EI 1471-2946 J9 P ROY SOC A-MATH PHY JI Proc. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD JUL 8 PY 1997 VL 453 IS 1962 BP 1473 EP 1491 DI 10.1098/rspa.1997.0079 PG 19 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XK048 UT WOS:A1997XK04800006 ER PT J AU Qian, Y Zhu, ZH Lo, YH Huffaker, DL Deppe, DG Hou, HQ Hammons, BE Lin, W Tu, YK AF Qian, Y Zhu, ZH Lo, YH Huffaker, DL Deppe, DG Hou, HQ Hammons, BE Lin, W Tu, YK TI Long wavelength (1.3 mu m) vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with a wafer-bonded mirror and an oxygen-implanted confinement region SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We proposed and demonstrated a novel design for long wavelength (1.3 mu m) vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). In this design, oxygen-implanted current-confinement regions were formed in a GaAs/AlGaAs Bragg reflector which is the bottom minor wafer bonded to an AlGaInAs/InP cavity consisting of nine strain-compensated quantum wells. Room- temperature continuous-wave (cw) operation of 1,3 mu m-VCSELs with a record low cw threshold current density of 1.57 kA/cm(2) and a record low cw threshold current of 1 mA have been realized. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 UNIV TEXAS,MICROELECT RES CTR,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,AUSTIN,TX 78712. SANDIA NATL LABS,DEPT SEMICOND MAT,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. RP Qian, Y (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,SCH ELECT ENGN,PHILLIPS HALL,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 9 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 7 PY 1997 VL 71 IS 1 BP 25 EP 27 DI 10.1063/1.119459 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA XJ139 UT WOS:A1997XJ13900009 ER PT J AU Singh, S Solak, H Krasnoperov, N Cerrina, F Cossy, A Diaz, J Stohr, J Samant, M AF Singh, S Solak, H Krasnoperov, N Cerrina, F Cossy, A Diaz, J Stohr, J Samant, M TI An x-ray spectromicroscopic study of the local structure of patterned titanium silicide SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHASE AB Results from a spectromicroscopic study of the formation of TiSi2 in patterned structures are reported. An x-ray spectromicroscope was used to acquire spectra and images with photoabsorption signals using synchrotron radiation. A patterned TiSi2 sample with feature sizes ranging from 100 mu m to 0.1 mu m was studied. The silicidation reactions were carried out in ultrahigh vacuum using rapid thermal processing. Lateral variations in the local chemistry of the titanium silicide could be directly imaged and are attributed to the formation of the C54 phase in large areas and the C49 phase at feature edges and in narrow features. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,ADV LIGHT SOURCE,BERKELEY,CA 94720. IBM CORP,ALMADEN RES CTR,SAN JOSE,CA 95120. RP Singh, S (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,CTR XRAY LITHOG,STOUGHTON,WI 53589, USA. RI Diaz, Javier/F-2381-2016 NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 7 PY 1997 VL 71 IS 1 BP 55 EP 57 DI 10.1063/1.119467 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA XJ139 UT WOS:A1997XJ13900019 ER PT J AU Kim, SK Chernov, VA Kortright, JB Koo, YM AF Kim, SK Chernov, VA Kortright, JB Koo, YM TI Anisotropic short-range structure of Co0.16Pd0.84 alloy films having perpendicular magnetic anisotropy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MULTILAYERS AB Polarized Co K edge extended x-ray absorption fine structure measurements obtained with electric vector parallel and perpendicular to the film plane indicate differences in Co bonding along these two directions in room-temperature evaporated Co0.16Pd0.84 alloy films. A local modulation of the Co fraction whose amplitudes are 0.05-0.09 exists along the growth direction in the alloy films. Pd underlayer and Pd spacer layers alternated with the alloy layer induce coherency strains resulting in an anisotropic effective strain state, Both anisotropic strain and local compositional modulation are likely to contribute to the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy observed in these alloys. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 BUDKER INST NUCL PHYS,INST CATALYSIS,SIBERIAN SYNCHROTORN RADIAT CTR,NOVOSIBIRSK 630090,RUSSIA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV MAT SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. POHANG UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,POHANG 790784,SOUTH KOREA. RP Kim, SK (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,ADV LIGHT SOURCE,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Kim, Sang-Koog/J-4638-2014 NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 7 PY 1997 VL 71 IS 1 BP 66 EP 68 DI 10.1063/1.119470 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA XJ139 UT WOS:A1997XJ13900023 ER PT J AU Enderby, JE Ansell, S Krishnan, S Price, DL Saboungi, ML AF Enderby, JE Ansell, S Krishnan, S Price, DL Saboungi, ML TI The electrical conductivity of levitated liquids SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM-OXIDE; TEMPERATURE AB The electrical conductivities of aerodynamically levitated liquid spheres have been determined by an electrodeless method. It is shown that this technique is reliable over a wide range of temperatures; results are presented for a variety of systems including metals, semiconductors at room temperature and at their melting points, and solid and Liquid Al2O3. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 CONTAINERLESS RES INC,EVANSTON,IL. UNIV BRISTOL,BRISTOL,AVON,ENGLAND. RP Enderby, JE (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. RI Price, David Long/A-8468-2013; Saboungi, Marie-Louise/C-5920-2013 OI Saboungi, Marie-Louise/0000-0002-0607-4815 NR 10 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 7 PY 1997 VL 71 IS 1 BP 116 EP 118 DI 10.1063/1.119445 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA XJ139 UT WOS:A1997XJ13900040 ER PT J AU Peterson, TB Welp, U Crabtree, GW Vasanthamohan, N Singh, JP Lanagan, MT VlaskoVlasov, VK Nikitenko, VI AF Peterson, TB Welp, U Crabtree, GW Vasanthamohan, N Singh, JP Lanagan, MT VlaskoVlasov, VK Nikitenko, VI TI Direct imaging of current sharing in (BiPb)(2)Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox composite conductors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTING TAPES; STRAIN; SILVER AB Using a high-resolution magneto-optical imaging technique, we study the how of transport currents around cracks in monofilament (BiPb)(2)Sr2Ca2Cu2Ox composite conductors. Shunting through the Ag clad is directly observed, The current in the silver decays exponentially with distance from the crack as expected In a one dimensional distributed resistance model. At 77 K, the transfer length, lambda, Is approximately 0.56 mm, implying an interface resistivity of 7.5x 10(-8) Omega cm(2). This transfer length is found to increase slightly with increasing temperature. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV ENERGY TECHNOL,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,INST SOLID STATE PHYS,CHERNOGOLOVKA 142432,MOSCOW DISTRICT,RUSSIA. NO ILLINOIS UNIV,DEPT PHYS,DE KALB,IL 60115. RP Peterson, TB (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 7 PY 1997 VL 71 IS 1 BP 134 EP 136 DI 10.1063/1.119451 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA XJ139 UT WOS:A1997XJ13900046 ER PT J AU Long, XP Nicholas, JB Guest, MF Ornstein, RL AF Long, XP Nicholas, JB Guest, MF Ornstein, RL TI A combined density functional theory molecular mechanics formalism and its application to small water clusters SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE LA English DT Article DE density functional theory; molecular mechanics; QM/MM formalism; water clusters ID CELL MULTIPOLE METHOD; FORCE-FIELD; AB-INITIO; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; BASIS-SETS; DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; NONBOND INTERACTIONS; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; PROTEINS; ENERGIES AB We present a study of the conformations of the water dimer, trimer and tetramer using a combined density functional theory/ molecular mechanics method (DFT/MM). Both local density approximation (LDA) and non-local density functional (NLDF) calculations are reported, employing two basis sets (polarized valence double zeta (DZVP) and augmented correlation consistent polarized valence double zeta (aug-cc-pVDZ)). In comparing the optimized geometries and the binding energy from the DFT/MM calculations with those derived from pure DFT and previous MP2 treatments, we find that an NLDF calculation is required to derive energetics which match the MP2 results. In all the cases studied, LDA is found to overestimate the binding energy and underestimate the oxygen-oxygen bond lengths (R(O-O)) between two hydrogen-bonded water molecules. We attribute this to the importance of an NL description of hydrogen bonds, as previously found by other researchers. For the combined DFT/MM calculations, the situation is more complicated. While the MM term is, of course, not sensitive to NLDF, the DFT component of a partitioned DFT/MM system exhibits the same sensitivity as the pure DFT to NLDF, while the DFT/MM coupling term is less sensitive. The sensitivities of the DFT and DFT/MM calculations to the basis set are similar to the NLDF case. In all cases, the aug-cc-DZVP gives longer R(O-O) values and higher (less negative) binding energies than DZVP, but underestimates the binding energy when the H bond(s) exist(s) in the DFT region. The DFT/MM coupling term is found to be dependent on the initial geometry to some extent. In summary, the DFT/MM calculations with properly selected basis sets and NLDF give energetics and geometric information which compare favorably with MP2 results. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. RP Long, XP (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, ENVIRONM MOL SCI LAB, POB 999, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 64 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2860 EI 1872-8014 J9 J MOL STRUCT JI J. Mol. Struct. PD JUL 7 PY 1997 VL 412 IS 1-2 BP 121 EP 133 DI 10.1016/S0022-2860(96)09453-7 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA XL894 UT WOS:A1997XL89400014 ER PT J AU Binetruy, P Lavignac, S Petcov, S Ramond, P AF Binetruy, P Lavignac, S Petcov, S Ramond, P TI Quasi-degenerate neutrinos from an Abelian family symmetry SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article DE neutrino mass ID DOUBLE-BETA-DECAY; HOT DARK-MATTER; MASS MATRIX MODELS; MAJORANA NEUTRINOS; GAUGE SYMMETRIES; YUKAWA TEXTURES; OSCILLATIONS; SOLAR; SEARCH; (NU)OVER-BAR(MU)->(NU)OVER-BAR(E) AB We show that models with an Abelian family symmetry which accounts for the observed hierarchies of masses and mixings in the quark sector may also accommodate quasi-degeneracies in the neutrino mass spectrum. Such approximate degeneracies are, in this context, associated with large mixing angles. The parameters of this class of models are constrained. We discuss their phenomenological implications for present and foreseen neutrino experiments. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, DEPT PHYS, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, THEORET PHYS GRP, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. SCUOLA INT SUPER STUDI AVANZATI, I-34013 TRIESTE, ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, SEZ TRIESTE, I-34013 TRIESTE, ITALY. UNIV FLORIDA, DEPT PHYS, INST FUNDAMENTAL THEORY, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 USA. RP UNIV PARIS 11, PHYS THEOR & HAUTES ENERGIES LAB, BAT 210, F-91405 ORSAY, FRANCE. NR 87 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 EI 1873-1562 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD JUL 7 PY 1997 VL 496 IS 1-2 BP 3 EP 23 DI 10.1016/S0550-3213(97)00211-3 PG 21 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA XJ490 UT WOS:A1997XJ49000001 ER PT J AU Anglin, J AF Anglin, J TI Cold, dilute, trapped bosons as an open quantum system SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; GAS AB We present a master equation governing the reduced density operator for a single trapped mode of a cold, dilute, weakly interacting Bose gas, and we obtain an operator fluctuation-dissipation relation in which the Ginzburg-Landau effective potential plays a physically transparent role. We also identify a decoherence effect that tends to preserve symmetry, even when the effective potential has a ''Mexican hat'' form. RP Anglin, J (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,MS B288,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 19 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 7 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 1 BP 6 EP 9 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.6 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XH870 UT WOS:A1997XH87000002 ER PT J AU Antoniadis, I Mazur, PO Mottola, E AF Antoniadis, I Mazur, PO Mottola, E TI Conformal invariance and cosmic background radiation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INFLATIONARY UNIVERSE; DENSITY PERTURBATIONS; FLUCTUATIONS; SYMMETRY AB The spectrum and statistics of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) are investigated under the hypothesis that scale invariance of the primordial density fluctuations should be promoted to full conformal invariance, allowing for deviations from naive scaling. The spectral index of the two-point function of density fluctuations is determined by the trace anomaly to be greater than one, implying less power at large distance scales than a Harrison-Zel'dovich spectrum. Conformal invariance also implies non-Gaussian Statistics of the CMBR and determines the large angular dependence of its three-point correlations. C1 UNIV S CAROLINA, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, COLUMBIA, SC 29208 USA. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, DIV THEORET, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. RP ECOLE POLYTECH, CTR PHYS THEOR, F-91128 PALAISEAU, FRANCE. NR 21 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 7 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 1 BP 14 EP 17 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.14 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XH870 UT WOS:A1997XH87000004 ER PT J AU Murayama, H AF Murayama, H TI A model of direct gauge mediation of supersymmetry breaking SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We present the first phenomenologically viable model of gauge meditation of supersymmetry breaking without a messenger sector or gauge singlet fields. The standard model gauge groups couple directly to the sector which breaks supersymmetry dynamically. Despite the direct coupling, it can preserve perturbative gauge unification thanks to the inverted hierarchy mechanism. There is no dangerous negative contribution to m(q)(2), m(l)(2) due to two-loop renormalization group equation. The potentially nonuniversal supergravity contribution to m(q)(2) and m(l)(2) can be suppressed enough. The model is completely chiral, and one does not need to forbid mass terms for the messenger fields by hand. Cosmology of the model is briefly discussed. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Murayama, H (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,THEORET PHYS GRP,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Murayama, Hitoshi/A-4286-2011 NR 24 TC 104 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 7 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 1 BP 18 EP 21 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.18 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XH870 UT WOS:A1997XH87000005 ER PT J AU Abe, K Akagi, T Anderson, BD Anthony, PL Arnold, RG Averett, T Band, HR Berisso, CM Bogorad, P Borel, H Bosted, PE Breton, V Buenerd, MJ Cates, GD Chupp, TE Churchwell, S Coulter, KP Daoudi, M Decowski, P Erickson, R Fellbaum, JN Fonvieille, H Gearhart, R Ghazikhanian, V Griffioen, KA Hicks, RS Holmes, R Hughes, EW Igo, G Incerti, S Johnson, JR Kahl, W Khayat, M Kolomensky, YG Kuhn, SE Kumar, K Kuriki, M LombardNelsen, R Manley, DM Marroncle, J Maruyama, T Marvin, T Meyer, W Meziani, ZE Miller, D Mitchell, G Olson, M Peterson, GA Petratos, GG Pitthan, R Prepost, R Raines, P Raue, B Reyna, D Rochester, LS Rock, SE Romalis, MV Sabatie, F Shapiro, G Shaw, J Smith, TB Sorrell, L Souder, PA Staley, F StLorant, S Stuart, LM Suekane, F Szalata, ZM Terrien, Y Thompson, AK Toole, T Wang, X Watson, JW Welsh, RC Wesselmann, F Wright, T Young, CC Youngman, B Yuta, H Zhang, WM Zyla, P AF Abe, K Akagi, T Anderson, BD Anthony, PL Arnold, RG Averett, T Band, HR Berisso, CM Bogorad, P Borel, H Bosted, PE Breton, V Buenerd, MJ Cates, GD Chupp, TE Churchwell, S Coulter, KP Daoudi, M Decowski, P Erickson, R Fellbaum, JN Fonvieille, H Gearhart, R Ghazikhanian, V Griffioen, KA Hicks, RS Holmes, R Hughes, EW Igo, G Incerti, S Johnson, JR Kahl, W Khayat, M Kolomensky, YG Kuhn, SE Kumar, K Kuriki, M LombardNelsen, R Manley, DM Marroncle, J Maruyama, T Marvin, T Meyer, W Meziani, ZE Miller, D Mitchell, G Olson, M Peterson, GA Petratos, GG Pitthan, R Prepost, R Raines, P Raue, B Reyna, D Rochester, LS Rock, SE Romalis, MV Sabatie, F Shapiro, G Shaw, J Smith, TB Sorrell, L Souder, PA Staley, F StLorant, S Stuart, LM Suekane, F Szalata, ZM Terrien, Y Thompson, AK Toole, T Wang, X Watson, JW Welsh, RC Wesselmann, F Wright, T Young, CC Youngman, B Yuta, H Zhang, WM Zyla, P TI Precision determination of the neutron spin structure function g(1)(n) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DEEP-INELASTIC-SCATTERING; DEPENDENT FREQUENCY-SHIFTS; POLARIZED PROTONS; RB-HE-3 COLLISIONS; HE-3 TARGETS; HIGH-DENSITY; DEUTERON; LEPTONS; ELECTRONS; NUCLEONS AB We report on a precision measurement of the neutron spin structure function g(l)(n) using deep inelastic scattering of polarized electrons by polarized He-3. For the kinematic range 0.014 < x < 0.7 and 1 < Q(2) < 17 (GeV/c)(2), we obtain integral(0.014)(0.7) g(l)(n)(x)dx = -0.036 +/- 0.004(stat) +/- 0.005(syst) at an average Q(2) = 5 (GeV/c)(2). We find relatively large negative values for g(l)(n) at low x. The results call into question the usual Regge theory method for extrapolating to x = 0 to find the full neutron integral integral(0)(1) g(l)(n)(x)dx, needed for testing the quark-parton model and QCD sum rules. C1 AMERICAN UNIV, WASHINGTON, DC 20016 USA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. UNIV CLERMONT FERRAND, LPC, IN2P3, CNRS, F-63170 AUBIERE, FRANCE. UNIV BONN, D-5300 BONN, GERMANY. CALTECH, PASADENA, CA 91125 USA. DAPNIA, F-91191 GIF SUR YVETTE, FRANCE. KENT STATE UNIV, KENT, OH 44242 USA. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES, LOS ANGELES, CA 90024 USA. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS, AMHERST, MA 01003 USA. UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NORTHWESTERN UNIV, EVANSTON, IL 60201 USA. OLD DOMINION UNIV, NORFOLK, VA 23529 USA. UNIV PENN, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA. PRINCETON UNIV, PRINCETON, NJ 08544 USA. SO OREGON STATE COLL, ASHLAND, OR 97520 USA. SMITH COLL, NORTHAMPTON, MA 01063 USA. STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR, STANFORD, CA 94309 USA. SYRACUSE UNIV, SYRACUSE, NY 13210 USA. TEMPLE UNIV, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19122 USA. COLL WILLIAM & MARY, WILLIAMSBURG, VA 23187 USA. UNIV WISCONSIN, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. RP Abe, K (reprint author), TOHOKU UNIV, ARAMAKI AZA AOBA, SENDAI, MIYAGI 980, JAPAN. RI Averett, Todd/A-2969-2011; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Sabatie, Franck/K-9066-2015; OI Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Sabatie, Franck/0000-0001-7031-3975; Wesselmann, Frank/0000-0001-7834-7977; Incerti, Sebastien/0000-0002-0619-2053 NR 46 TC 330 Z9 330 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 7 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 1 BP 26 EP 30 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.26 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XH870 UT WOS:A1997XH87000007 ER PT J AU Byrd, J Chao, A Heifets, S Minty, M Raubenheimer, TO Seeman, J Stupakov, G Thomson, J Zimmermann, F AF Byrd, J Chao, A Heifets, S Minty, M Raubenheimer, TO Seeman, J Stupakov, G Thomson, J Zimmermann, F TI First observations of a ''fast beam-ion instability'' SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We report the results of observations of a new regime of ion instabilities at the Advanced Light Source (ALS). With artificially increased pressure and gaps in the bunch train large enough to avoid multiturn ion trapping, we observed a factor of 2-3 increase in the vertical beam size along with coherent beam oscillations which increased along the bunch train. The observations are qualitatively consistent with the ''fast beam-ion instability'' [T. O. Raubenheimer and F. Zimmermann, Phys. Rev. E 52, 5487 (1995); G. V. Stupakov et al., Phys. Rev. E 52, 5499 (1995)], which can arise even when the ions are not trapped over multiple beam passages. This effect may be important for many future accelerators. C1 STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94309. CERN,DIV PS,CH-1211 GENEVA 23,SWITZERLAND. STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94309. RP Byrd, J (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 9 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 7 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 1 BP 79 EP 82 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.79 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XH870 UT WOS:A1997XH87000020 ER PT J AU Rambo, PW Wilks, SC Kruer, WL AF Rambo, PW Wilks, SC Kruer, WL TI Hybrid particle-in-cell simulations of stimulated Brillouin scattering including ion-ion collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTIC-WAVES; HEAVY-IONS; PLASMAS; LIGHT AB It is shown that ion-ion collisions can have a very important effect on stimulated Brillouin scattering of laser light in high-Z plasmas, such as those near the wall of a laser-irradiated hohlraum. We report the first hybrid particle-in-cell simulations of stimulated Brillouin scattering including these collisions. Collisions can play a vital role in the nonlinear state by maintaining a negative slope to the ion distribution function, which greatly distorts and even flattens near the ion wave phase velocity in collisionless simulations. Other collisional effects are also illustrated. RP LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, POB 808, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. NR 18 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 7 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 1 BP 83 EP 86 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.83 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XH870 UT WOS:A1997XH87000021 ER PT J AU Harris, JM White, PJ Shen, ZX Ikeda, H Yoshizaki, R Eisaki, H Uchida, S Si, WD Xiong, JW Zhao, ZX Dessau, DS AF Harris, JM White, PJ Shen, ZX Ikeda, H Yoshizaki, R Eisaki, H Uchida, S Si, WD Xiong, JW Zhao, ZX Dessau, DS TI Measurement of an anisotropic energy gap in single plane Bi2Sr2-xLaxCuO6+delta SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTORS; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; BI2SR2CUOY AB We report angle-resolved photoemission spectra both above and below T-c in the single-plane cuprate superconductor Bi2Sr2-xLaxCuO6+8. The superconducting state measurements show a highly anisotropic excitation gap with a maximum magnitude smaller than that of the bilayer compound Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 by a factor of 3. For a range of doping, the gap persists well above T-c, behavior previously associated with underdoped bilayer cuprates. The anisotropy and magnitude of the normal-state gap are very similar to the superconducting state gap, indicating that the two gaps may have a common origin in a pairing interaction. C1 STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB,STANFORD,CA 94305. UNIV TSUKUBA,INST APPL PHYS,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 305,JAPAN. UNIV TSUKUBA,CRYOGEN CTR,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 305,JAPAN. UNIV TOKYO,DEPT SUPERCOND,BUNKYO KU,TOKYO 133,JAPAN. CHINESE ACAD SCI,INST PHYS,NATL LAB SUPERCOND,BEIJING 100080,PEOPLES R CHINA. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP Harris, JM (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,DEPT APPL PHYS,STANFORD,CA 94305, USA. NR 32 TC 89 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 7 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 1 BP 143 EP 146 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.143 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XH870 UT WOS:A1997XH87000036 ER PT J AU Brand, HR Deissler, RJ AF Brand, HR Deissler, RJ TI Pattern formation near an oscillatory instability for systems without ''up-down'' symmetry SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article ID HYDRODYNAMIC FLUCTUATIONS; CONVECTION; BIFURCATION; INTERMITTENCY; WAVES; NOISE AB We present the results of our numerical investigations of the order parameter equation associated with an oscillatory instability with a small onset frequency of systems lacking ''up-down'' symmetry, Qualitatively different patterns arise depending on whether periodic or more realistic boundary conditions are used. Among the patterns found are blinking hexagons, traveling rectangular patterns, and states that are disordered in space and time, which dominate for realistic boundary conditions, Experimentally accessible systems for which our predictions could be checked might include non-Boussinesq convection in binary fluid mixtures. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 UNIV BAYREUTH,D-95440 BAYREUTH,GERMANY. RP Brand, HR (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CTR NONLINEAR STUDIES,MS B258,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD JUL 7 PY 1997 VL 231 IS 3-4 BP 179 EP 184 DI 10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00306-X PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XL617 UT WOS:A1997XL61700008 ER PT J AU VanderbergTwary, L Steenhoudt, K Travis, BJ Hanners, JL Foreman, TM Brainard, JR AF VanderbergTwary, L Steenhoudt, K Travis, BJ Hanners, JL Foreman, TM Brainard, JR TI Biodegradation of paint stripper solvents in a modified gas lift loop bioreactor SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE bioreactor; paint stripper solvents; biodegradation; model ID BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT; WASTE-WATER; DICHLOROMETHANE AB Paint stripping wastes generated during the decontamination and decommissioning of former nuclear facilities contain paint stripping organics (dichloromethane, 2-propanol, and methanol) and bulk materials containing paint pigments. It is desirable to degrade the organic residues as part of an integrated chemical-biological treatment system. We have developed a modified gas lift loop bioreactor employing a defined censortium of Rhodococcus rhodochrous strain OFS and Hyphomicrobium sp. DM-2 that degrades paint stripper organics. Mass transfer coefficients and kinetic constants for biodegradation in the system were determined. It was found that transfer of organic substrates from surrogate waste into the air and further into the liquid medium in the bioreactor were rapid processes, occurring within minutes. Monod kinetics was employed to model the biodegradation of paint stripping organics. Analysis of the bioreactor process was accomplished with BIOLAB, a mathematical code that simulates coupled mass transfer and biodegradation processes. This code was used to fit experimental data to Monod kinetics and to determine kinetic parameters. The BIOLAB code was also employed to com pa re activities in the bioreactor of individual microbial cultures to the activities of combined cultures in the bioreactor. This code is of benefit for further optimization and scale-up of the bioreactor for treatment of paint stripping and other volatile organic wastes in bulk materials. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. RP VanderbergTwary, L (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL DIV,CST-18,MAILSTOP C-346,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD JUL 5 PY 1997 VL 55 IS 1 BP 163 EP 169 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0290(19970705)55:1<163::AID-BIT17>3.0.CO;2-N PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA XB902 UT WOS:A1997XB90200017 PM 18636454 ER PT J AU Gingl, F Yvon, K Vogt, T AF Gingl, F Yvon, K Vogt, T TI Synthesis and crystal structure of BaMgH4: A centrosymmetric variant of SrMgH4 SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE metal hydrides; synthesis; crystal structure; neutron powder diffraction ID HYDRIDE AB BaMgH4 and its deuteride were synthesized by sintering 1:1 mixtures of BaH2 (BaD2) and Mg powder at 873 K and 200 bar hydrogen (deuterium) pressure for 10 days, and these were characterized by X-ray and neutron powder diffraction. They crystallize with the orthorhombic LaNiD4 structure type, space group Cmcm (No. 63), cell parameters at 295 K, hydride: a = 4.2109(2) Angstrom, b = 13.7672(8) Angstrom, c = 5.6984(3) Angstrom, V = 330.35(3) Angstrom(3); deuteride: a = 4.1992(1) Angstrom, b = 13.7374(5) Angstrom, c = 5.6852(2) Angstrom, V = 327.96(2) Angstrom(3); Z = 4. The structure contains one barium and one magnesium site having 13 (Ba) and 6 (Mg) deuterium neighbors and three deuterium sites which are four-, five- and sixfold coordinated, respectively. The metal-deuterium distances are in the range 2.66-3.16 Angstrom (Ba-D) and 1.87-2.11 Angstrom (Mg-D). The shortest D-D distance is 2.59 Angstrom. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 UNIV GENEVA,LAB CRISTALLOG,CH-1211 GENEVA 4,SWITZERLAND. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT PHYS,UPTON,NY 11973. RI Vogt, Thomas /A-1562-2011 OI Vogt, Thomas /0000-0002-4731-2787 NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD JUL 5 PY 1997 VL 256 IS 1-2 BP 155 EP 158 DI 10.1016/S0925-8388(96)02961-1 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA XJ450 UT WOS:A1997XJ45000032 ER PT J AU Nenoff, TM Showalter, MC Salaz, KA AF Nenoff, TM Showalter, MC Salaz, KA TI Supported metalloporphyrins catalyze the oxidation of isobutane by dioxygen SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR CATALYSIS A-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE catalyst; oxidation; porphyrin; isobutane; oxygen ID MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; ALKANE HYDROXYLATION; HYDROCARBONS; PORPHYRINS; MONTMORILLONITE; COMPLEXES; MATRICES AB Metalloporphyrins supported on silica were tested as catalysts for the oxidation of isobutane by dioxygen. Iron meso-tetra(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin (FeF20TPP) supported on aminopropyl-functionalized silica was catalytically active (700 turnovers), but degraded quickly. Catalysts prepared by the adsorption of iron or manganese meso-tetra(4-N-methylpyridyl)porphyrin (MTNMePyP, where M = Mn or Fe) on silica were more stable under oxidizing conditions. The Mn catalyst was very active (2800 turnovers), but the activity of the Fe catalyst was much lower (100 turnovers). RP Nenoff, TM (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,ADV ENERGY TECHNOL CTR,POB 5800,MS 0709,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 21 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-1169 J9 J MOL CATAL A-CHEM JI J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem. PD JUL 4 PY 1997 VL 121 IS 2-3 BP 123 EP 129 DI 10.1016/S1381-1169(96)00458-X PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA XM020 UT WOS:A1997XM02000002 ER PT J AU Zhu, ZL Espenson, JH AF Zhu, ZL Espenson, JH TI Catalytic reactions of methylrhenium trioxide on solid oxide supports SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR CATALYSIS A-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE catalysis; carbene; rhenium; peroxide; oxidation ID MAIN-GROUP ELEMENTS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; TRANSITION-METALS; MULTIPLE BONDS; OLEFIN METATHESIS; METHYLTRIOXORHENIUM; OXIDATION; RHENIUM; CH3REO3/NB2O5 AB Methylrhenium trioxide (MTO), supported on niobia, acts as an effective heterogeneous catalyst for certain chemical reactions. These include reactions of ethyl diazoacetate, which are equivalent to carbene-transfer processes, and selective oxidations that utilize hydrogen peroxide. Both groups of reactions, which are known to occur homogeneously, proceed efficiently and in good yield on the supported catalyst. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,AMES,IA 50011. NR 32 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-1169 J9 J MOL CATAL A-CHEM JI J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem. PD JUL 4 PY 1997 VL 121 IS 2-3 BP 139 EP 143 DI 10.1016/S1381-1169(96)00459-1 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA XM020 UT WOS:A1997XM02000004 ER PT J AU Josenhans, H Fedje, D Pienitz, R Southon, J AF Josenhans, H Fedje, D Pienitz, R Southon, J TI Early humans and rapidly changing Holocene sea levels in the Queen Charlotte Islands Hecate Strait, British Columbia, Canada SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CONTINENTAL-SHELF; LATE PLEISTOCENE; LAST GLACIATION; YOUNGER DRYAS; C-14; CORALS; AREA; AGES; END AB Marine cores from the continental shelf edge of British Columbia (Canada) demonstrate that sea level at the shelf edge was 153 meters below present 14,000 calendar years ago and more than 30 meters lower than the maximum eustatic low of -120 meters. Dated artifacts, including stone tools, indicate that humans occupied this region by at least 10,200 calendar years before present (B.P.). Local sea level rose rapidly (5 centimeters per year) during the period of early human occupation as a result of eustatic sea-level rise and glacio-isostatic forebulge movement. This shelf edge site was first elevated and then subsided. The exposed shelf edge was available for human occupation and may have served as a migration route during times of lowered sea levels between 13,500 and 9500 C-14 years B.P. C1 CANDIAN HERITAGE,VICTORIA,BC V8W 2G5,CANADA. UNIV LAVAL,DEPT GEOG,QUEBEC CITY,PQ G1K 7P4,CANADA. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. RP Josenhans, H (reprint author), GEOL SURVEY CANADA ATLANTIC,DARTMOUTH,NS B2Y 4A2,CANADA. NR 31 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 4 PY 1997 VL 277 IS 5322 BP 71 EP 74 DI 10.1126/science.277.5322.71 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XJ418 UT WOS:A1997XJ41800039 ER PT J AU Krishana, K Ong, NP Li, Q Gu, GD Koshizuka, N AF Krishana, K Ong, NP Li, Q Gu, GD Koshizuka, N TI Plateaus observed in the field profile of thermal conductivity in the superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUASI-PARTICLE SCATTERING; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; YBA2CU3O6.95; HEAT AB Quasi-particles (QPs) are excitations of the superconducting state. The behavior of QPs in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 in a magnetic field was probed by measurement of the thermal conductivity kappa. An anomaly in kappa was observed at low temperatures, At a transition field H-k, kappa displayed a sharp break in slope, followed by a plateau region in which it ceased to change with increasing field. The nonanalytic nature of the break at H-k suggests a phase transition of the condensate to a state in which the QP current is zero (the system remains superconducting). Detailed measurements of the new regime are presented, and implications for the QPs and the superconducting state are discussed. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,UPTON,NY 11973. UNIV NEW S WALES,SCH PHYS,SYDNEY,NSW 2052,AUSTRALIA. INT SUPERCONDUCT TECHNOL CTR,SUPERCONDUCT RES LAB,KOTO KU,TOKYO 135,JAPAN. RP Krishana, K (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,JOSEPH HENRY LABS PHYS,PRINCETON,NJ 08544, USA. NR 15 TC 247 Z9 249 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 4 PY 1997 VL 277 IS 5322 BP 83 EP 85 DI 10.1126/science.277.5322.83 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XJ418 UT WOS:A1997XJ41800043 ER PT J AU Tarver, CM AF Tarver, CM TI Multiple roles of highly vibrationally excited molecules in the reaction zones of detonation waves SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL ENERGY-RELEASE; UNIMOLECULAR DISSOCIATION; CLASSICAL DYNAMICS; HIGH EXPLOSIVES; SHOCK-WAVES; PRESSURE; DIAMOND; CARBON; CO2; DECOMPOSITION AB Recent experimental and theoretical advances in the understanding of high-pressure, high-temperature chemical kinetics are used to extend the nonequilibrium Zeldovich-von Neumann-Doring (NEZND) theory of self-sustaining detonation in liquid and solid explosives. The attainment of vibrational equilibrium behind the leading shock front by multiphonon up-pumping and internal vibrational energy redistribution establishes a high-temperature, high-density transition state or series of transition states through which the chemical decomposition proceeds. The reaction rate constants for the initial unimolecular decomposition steps are accurately calculated using high-temperature, high-density transition-state theory. These early reactions are endothermic or weakly exothermic, but they channel most of the available energy into excited vibrational states of intermediate product species. The intermediate products transfer some of their vibrational energy back into the transition states, accelerating the overall reaction rates. As the decomposition progresses, the highly vibrationally excited diatomic and triatomic molecules formed in very exothermic chain reactions are rapidly vibrationally equilibrated by ''supercollisions'', which transfer large amounts of vibrational energy between these molecules. Along with vibrational -rotational and vibrational-translational energy transfer, these excited vibrational modes relax to thermal equilibrium by amplifying pressure wavelets of certain frequencies. These wavelets then propagate to the leading shock front and reinforce it. This is the physical mechanism by which the leading shock front is sustained by the chemical energy release. RP Tarver, CM (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 79 TC 83 Z9 86 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUL 3 PY 1997 VL 101 IS 27 BP 4845 EP 4851 DI 10.1021/jp9626430 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA XJ439 UT WOS:A1997XJ43900004 ER PT J AU Jones, G Yan, DX Greenfield, SR Gosztola, DJ Wasielewski, MR AF Jones, G Yan, DX Greenfield, SR Gosztola, DJ Wasielewski, MR TI Anilide linker group as a participant in intramolecular electron transfer SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID PHOTOINDUCED CHARGE; 9-ARYLACRIDINIUM IONS; ENERGY-TRANSFER; PORPHYRIN; MOLECULES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; MODEL AB The photochemical properties of derivatives of 10-methylacridinium ion that have been modified by substitution with anilide moieties (e.g., -C6H4NHCO-) at the 9-position have been examined. Intramolecular electron transfer involving the anilide group as electron donor and the acridinium ring as electron acceptor was verified by observation of the quenching of fluorescence associated with the local acridinium chromophore and by the recording of electron transfer phototransient spectra in the picosecond time domain. The amidobiphenyl linkage was a superior electron donor and displayed rapid forward and reverse photoinduced electron transfer with rate constants for the latter reaching 5.2 x 10(11) s(-1) (CH3CN solvent). C1 BOSTON UNIV,CTR PHOTON RES,BOSTON,MA 02215. ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM,ARGONNE,IL 60439. NORTHWESTERN UNIV,DEPT CHEM,EVANSTON,IL 60208. RP Jones, G (reprint author), BOSTON UNIV,DEPT CHEM,590 COMMONWEALTH AVE,BOSTON,MA 02215, USA. RI Gosztola, David/D-9320-2011 OI Gosztola, David/0000-0003-2674-1379 NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUL 3 PY 1997 VL 101 IS 27 BP 4939 EP 4942 DI 10.1021/jp970518y PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA XJ439 UT WOS:A1997XJ43900017 ER PT J AU Gregg, BA Sprague, J Peterson, MW AF Gregg, BA Sprague, J Peterson, MW TI Long-range singlet energy transfer in perylene bis(phenethylimide) films SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-HARVESTING COMPLEX; ORGANIC SOLAR-CELLS; MOLECULAR-CRYSTALS; EXCITATION; TRANSPORT; INTERFACES; PIGMENTS; MODEL AB The distance over which singlet energy is transferred in polycrystalline films of perylene bis(phenethylimide), PPEI, was measured by a surface quenching technique in films ranging in thickness from 0.04 to 2.3 mu m. Radiative energy transfer was not observed. Accurate values of the exciton transfer length could be obtained only with quenchers exhibiting rapid surface quenching velocities (> 10(5) cm/s), such as poly(3-methylthiophene). The measured singlet exciton transfer length of 2.5 +/- 0.5 mu m is apparently the longest yet reported. Its approximate value can be inferred directly from the experimental data and is therefore essentially independent of the assumed theoretical model. Our measurements contain no direct information about the mechanism of the exciton motion; however, if it is assumed to be diffusional, the calculated intermolecular exciton hopping time, tau(h) much less than 100 fs, is unusually fast. This suggests that excitons, in fact,may be delocalized over a number of molecules and that coherent energy transfer plays some role in the exciton motion. Energy is apparently transferred further and faster in PPEI films than in natural photosynthetic light-harvesting systems. RP Gregg, BA (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 51 TC 117 Z9 117 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 3 PY 1997 VL 101 IS 27 BP 5362 EP 5369 DI 10.1021/jp9703263 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA XJ438 UT WOS:A1997XJ43800015 ER PT J AU Markovic, NM Grgur, BN Ross, PN AF Markovic, NM Grgur, BN Ross, PN TI Temperature-dependent hydrogen electrochemistry on platinum low-index single-crystal surfaces in acid solutions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION; VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; EVOLUTION REACTION; ADSORPTION; ELECTRODE; INTERFACE; PT(111); ELECTROOXIDATION; VOLTAMMETRY; DEPOSITION AB The hydrogen evolution (HER) and the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) were studied on platinum single crystals in a sulfuric acid solution over the temperature range 274-333 K. We found, for the first rime, that at a fixed temperature (274 K) the exchange current densities (i(o)) increase in the order (111) much less than (100) < (110), with the i(o) on the (110) surface being 3 times that on the (111) surface. We also found that each crystal face has an unique, temperature-dependent Tafel slope for the HOR, and that the activation energies for the HER and the HOR decrease in the sequence Delta H-111(#) > Delta H-100(#) > Delta H-110(#), the same sequence as the order these differences in activation energy with crystal face are attributed to structure-sensitive heats of adsorption of the active intermediate, H-ad, whose physical state is unclear. We analyzed the kinetic data with a model for the coupling of this unknown state, Had, with the well-known adsorbed state of hydrogen, H-upd, whose adsorption energy is strongly structure-sensitive. We concluded that on Pt(110), the reaction follows the Tafel-Volmer mechanism with the Tafel (recombination) step rate determining. On Pt(100), the reaction follows the Heyrovsky-Volmer sequence, with the Heyrovsky (ion-atom) reaction step being the rate-determining step. The reaction mechanism on Pt(111) could not, however, be resolved by analyzing the kinetic parameters. The relatively low activity and high activation energy for the (111) surface is attributed to strong repulsive interaction between H-ad adatoms on this surface. RP Markovic, NM (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, DIV MAT SCI, MAIL STOP 2-100, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. OI Grgur, Branimir/0000-0003-4684-9053 NR 43 TC 398 Z9 399 U1 24 U2 166 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 3 PY 1997 VL 101 IS 27 BP 5405 EP 5413 DI 10.1021/jp970930d PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA XJ438 UT WOS:A1997XJ43800021 ER PT J AU Lougheed, R AF Lougheed, R TI Chemistry - Oddly ordinary seaborgium SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID ELEMENT-105 RP Lougheed, R (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 3 PY 1997 VL 388 IS 6637 BP 21 EP & DI 10.1038/40272 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XJ143 UT WOS:A1997XJ14300025 ER PT J AU Schadel, M Bruchle, W Dressler, R Eichler, B Gaggeler, HW Gunther, R Gregorich, KE Hoffman, DC Hubener, S Jost, DT Kratz, JV Paulus, W Schumann, D Timokhin, S Trautmann, N Turler, A AF Schadel, M Bruchle, W Dressler, R Eichler, B Gaggeler, HW Gunther, R Gregorich, KE Hoffman, DC Hubener, S Jost, DT Kratz, JV Paulus, W Schumann, D Timokhin, S Trautmann, N Turler, A TI Chemical properties of element 106 (seaborgium) SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED NUCLEAR-STABILITY; LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTIONS; SOLUTION CHEMISTRY; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; AMINE AB The synthesis, via nuclear fusion reactions, of elements heavier than the actinides, allows one to probe the limits of the periodic table as a means of classifying the elements. In particular, deviations in the periodicity of chemical properties for the heaviest elements are predicted as a consequence of increasingly strong relativistic effects on the electronic shell structure(1-7). The transactinide elements have now been extended up to element 112 (ref. 8), but the chemical properties have been investigated only for the first two of the transactinide elements, 104 and 105 (refs 9-19). Those studies showed that relativistic effect render these two elements chemically different from their lighter homologues in the same columns of the periodic table (Fig. 1). Here we report the chemical separation of element 106 (seaborgium, Sg) and investigations of its chemical behaviour in the gas phase and in aqueous solution. The methods that we use are able to probe the reactivity of individual atoms, and based on the detection of just seven atoms of seaborgium we find that it exhibits properties characteristic of the group 6 homologues molybdenum and tungsten. Thus seaborgium appears to restore the trends of the periodic table disrupted by relativistic effects in elements 104 and 105. C1 PAUL SCHERRER INST,CH-5232 VILLIGEN,SWITZERLAND. UNIV BERN,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,CH-3012 BERN,SWITZERLAND. UNIV MAINZ,INST KERNCHEM,D-55099 MAINZ,GERMANY. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. GLENN T SEABORG INST TRANSACTINIUM SCI,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM ROSSENDORF EV,INST RADIOCHEM,D-01314 DRESDEN,GERMANY. TECH UNIV DRESDEN,INST ANALYT CHEM,D-01062 DRESDEN,GERMANY. JOINT INST NUCL RES,FLEROV LAB NUCL REACT,DUBNA,RUSSIA. RP Schadel, M (reprint author), GESELL SCHWERIONENFORSCH MBH,D-64291 DARMSTADT,GERMANY. RI Turler, Andreas/D-3913-2014 OI Turler, Andreas/0000-0002-4274-1056 NR 30 TC 111 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 16 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 3 PY 1997 VL 388 IS 6637 BP 55 EP 57 DI 10.1038/40375 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XJ143 UT WOS:A1997XJ14300047 ER PT J AU Song, C Koch, V AF Song, C Koch, V TI Excess of pions with chiral symmetry restoration SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID HOT HADRONIC MATTER; FINITE-TEMPERATURE AB We study the effect of the chiral phase transition on pion production in hot hadronic matter. The phase of restored chiral symmetry is characterized by the appearance of the scalar sigma-meson as a chiral partner of the pion as well as by the degeneracy of the vector and axial-vector mesons. We find rapid thermal and chemical equilibration of these degrees of freedom in the symmetric phase. Provided that the chiral transition temperature is not considerably high, the presence of a chirally symmetric phase will result in similar to 1.6 times more thermal pions in the final state. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. RP Song, C (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV NUCL SCI,MS 70A-3307,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 24 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 3 PY 1997 VL 404 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(97)00575-3 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA XJ508 UT WOS:A1997XJ50800001 ER PT J AU Abele, A Adomeit, J Amsler, C Baker, CA Barnett, BM Batty, CJ Benayoun, M Berdoz, A Beuchert, K Bischoff, S Blum, P Braune, K Bugg, DV Case, T Cooper, A Cramer, O Crowe, KM Crede, V Degener, T Djaoshvili, N vonDombrowski, S Doser, M Dunnweber, W Ehmanns, A Engelhardt, D Faessler, MA Giarritta, P Hackmann, R Haddock, RP Heinsius, FH Heinzelmann, M Herz, M Hessey, NP Hidas, P Hodd, C Holtzhaussen, C Jamnik, D Kalinowsky, H Kalteyer, B Kammle, B Kammel, P Kiel, T Kisiel, J Klempt, E Koch, H Kolo, C Kurilla, U Kunze, M Lakata, M Landua, R Ludemann, J Matthay, H McCrady, R Meier, J Meyer, CA Montanet, L Ouared, R OuldSaada, F Peters, K Pick, B Pietra, C Pinder, CN Ratajczak, M Regenfus, C Resag, S Roethel, W Schmidt, P Scott, I Seibert, R Spanier, S Stock, H Strassburger, C Strohbusch, U Suffert, M Thoma, U Tischhauser, M Volcker, C Walther, D Wiedner, U Zou, BS AF Abele, A Adomeit, J Amsler, C Baker, CA Barnett, BM Batty, CJ Benayoun, M Berdoz, A Beuchert, K Bischoff, S Blum, P Braune, K Bugg, DV Case, T Cooper, A Cramer, O Crowe, KM Crede, V Degener, T Djaoshvili, N vonDombrowski, S Doser, M Dunnweber, W Ehmanns, A Engelhardt, D Faessler, MA Giarritta, P Hackmann, R Haddock, RP Heinsius, FH Heinzelmann, M Herz, M Hessey, NP Hidas, P Hodd, C Holtzhaussen, C Jamnik, D Kalinowsky, H Kalteyer, B Kammle, B Kammel, P Kiel, T Kisiel, J Klempt, E Koch, H Kolo, C Kurilla, U Kunze, M Lakata, M Landua, R Ludemann, J Matthay, H McCrady, R Meier, J Meyer, CA Montanet, L Ouared, R OuldSaada, F Peters, K Pick, B Pietra, C Pinder, CN Ratajczak, M Regenfus, C Resag, S Roethel, W Schmidt, P Scott, I Seibert, R Spanier, S Stock, H Strassburger, C Strohbusch, U Suffert, M Thoma, U Tischhauser, M Volcker, C Walther, D Wiedner, U Zou, BS TI Study of the pi(0)pi(0)eta' final state in (p)over-bar-p annihilation at rest SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID DECAYS; ETA AB A partial wave analysis of --> pi(0) pi(0) eta' has been performed using the eta' --> pi(0) pi(0) eta and eta' --> gamma gamma decay modes. The data are dominated by an eta' recoiling against the (pi pi) S-wave. In addition, alpha(2)(1320) --> eta'pi(0) is needed. There is evidence for contributions from a(0)(1450) --> eta'pi(0). The branching ratio of a(0)(1450) --> eta'pi(0) with respect to eta pi(0) is consistent with the prediction of SU(3). (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RUHR UNIV BOCHUM,D-44780 BOCHUM,GERMANY. HUNGARIAN ACAD SCI,H-1525 BUDAPEST,HUNGARY. RUTHERFORD APPLETON LAB,DIDCOT OX11 0QX,OXON,ENGLAND. UNIV HAMBURG,D-22761 HAMBURG,GERMANY. UNIV LONDON QUEEN MARY & WESTFIELD COLL,LONDON E1 4NS,ENGLAND. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. UNIV MUNICH,D-80333 MUNICH,GERMANY. LPNHE PARIS 6,F-75252 PARIS,FRANCE. CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV,PITTSBURGH,PA 15213. CTR RECH NUCL,F-67037 STRASBOURG,FRANCE. UNIV ZURICH,CH-8057 ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. RP Abele, A (reprint author), UNIV KARLSRUHE,D-76021 KARLSRUHE,GERMANY. RI Meyer, Curtis/L-3488-2014 OI Meyer, Curtis/0000-0001-7599-3973 NR 21 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 3 PY 1997 VL 404 IS 1-2 BP 179 EP 186 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(97)00526-1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA XJ508 UT WOS:A1997XJ50800028 ER PT J AU Aitala, EM Amato, S Anjos, JC Appel, JA Ashery, D Banerjee, S Bediaga, I Blaylock, G Bracker, SB Burchat, PR Barnstein, RA Carter, T Carvalho, HS Copty, NK Cremaldi, LM Darling, C Denisenko, K Fernandez, A Gagnon, P Gounder, K Halling, AM Herrera, G Hurvits, G James, C Kasper, PA Kwan, S Langs, DC Leslie, J Lundberg, B MayTalBeck, S Meadows, B Neto, JRTD Milburn, RH deMiranda, JM Napier, A Nguyen, A dOliveira, AB OShaughnessy, K Peng, KC Perera, LP Purohit, MV Quinn, B Radeztsky, S Rafatian, A Reay, NW Reidy, JJ dosReis, AC Rubin, HA Santha, AKS Santoro, AFS Schwartz, AJ Sheaff, M Sidwell, RA Slaughter, AJ Sokoloff, MD Stanton, NR Stenson, K Summers, DJ Takach, S Thorne, K Tripathi, AK Watanabe, S WeissBabai, R Wiener, J Witchey, N Wolin, E Yi, D Yoshida, S Zaliznyak, R Zhang, C AF Aitala, EM Amato, S Anjos, JC Appel, JA Ashery, D Banerjee, S Bediaga, I Blaylock, G Bracker, SB Burchat, PR Barnstein, RA Carter, T Carvalho, HS Copty, NK Cremaldi, LM Darling, C Denisenko, K Fernandez, A Gagnon, P Gounder, K Halling, AM Herrera, G Hurvits, G James, C Kasper, PA Kwan, S Langs, DC Leslie, J Lundberg, B MayTalBeck, S Meadows, B Neto, JRTD Milburn, RH deMiranda, JM Napier, A Nguyen, A dOliveira, AB OShaughnessy, K Peng, KC Perera, LP Purohit, MV Quinn, B Radeztsky, S Rafatian, A Reay, NW Reidy, JJ dosReis, AC Rubin, HA Santha, AKS Santoro, AFS Schwartz, AJ Sheaff, M Sidwell, RA Slaughter, AJ Sokoloff, MD Stanton, NR Stenson, K Summers, DJ Takach, S Thorne, K Tripathi, AK Watanabe, S WeissBabai, R Wiener, J Witchey, N Wolin, E Yi, D Yoshida, S Zaliznyak, R Zhang, C TI The doubly Cabibbo-suppressed decay D+->K+pi(-)pi(+) SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID CHARM AB We report the observation of the doubly Cabibbo-suppressed decay D+ --> K(+)pi(-)pi(+) in data from Fermilab charm hadroproduction experiment E791. With a signal of 59 +/- 13 events we measured the ratio of the branching fraction for this mode to that of the Cabibbo-favored decay D+ --> K- pi(+)pi(+) to be B(D+ --> K(+)pi(-)pi(+)) / B(D+ --> K(-)pi(+)pi(+)) = (7.7 +/- 1.7 +/- 0.8) x 10(-3). A Dalitz plot analysis was performed to search for resonant structures. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 CTR BRASILEIRO PESQUISAS FIS,RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95064. UNIV CINCINNATI,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. CINVESTAV IPN,MEXICO CITY,DF,MEXICO. FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,BATAVIA,IL 60510. IIT,CHICAGO,IL 60616. KANSAS STATE UNIV,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,AMHERST,MA 01003. OHIO STATE UNIV,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. UNIV AUTONOMA PUEBLA,MEXICO CITY,DF,MEXICO. UNIV S CAROLINA,COLUMBIA,SC 29208. STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD,CA 94305. TEL AVIV UNIV,IL-69978 TEL AVIV,ISRAEL. TUFTS UNIV,MEDFORD,MA 02155. UNIV WISCONSIN,MADISON,WI 53706. YALE UNIV,NEW HAVEN,CT 06511. RP Aitala, EM (reprint author), UNIV MISSISSIPPI,UNIVERSITY,MS 38677, USA. RI Anjos, Joao/C-8335-2013; de Mello Neto, Joao/C-5822-2013 OI de Mello Neto, Joao/0000-0002-3234-6634 NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 3 PY 1997 VL 404 IS 1-2 BP 187 EP 193 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(97)00609-6 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA XJ508 UT WOS:A1997XJ50800029 ER PT J AU Aggarwal, MM Angelis, ALS Antonenko, V Awes, TC Badyal, SK Barlag, C Bhalla, KB Bhatia, VS Blume, C Bock, D Bohne, EM Bucher, D Buijs, A Chattopadhyay, S Claussen, A Clewing, G Das, AC Devanand Donni, P Durieux, E Majumdar, MRD Fokin, S Ganti, MS Garpman, S Geurts, F Ghosh, TK Glasow, R Gupta, SK Gustafsson, HA Gutbrod, HH Hartig, M He, SC Holker, G Ippolitov, M Izycki, M Kachroo, S Kamermans, R Kampert, KH Karadjev, K Kolb, BW Langbein, I Langheinrich, J Lebedev, A Lohner, H Manko, V Martin, M Mittra, IS Naef, H Nayak, SK Nayak, TK Nikolaev, S Nystrand, J Obenshain, FE Oskarsson, A Otterlund, I Peitzmann, T Plasil, F Purschke, M Raniwala, S Rao, NK Rosselet, L Roters, B Rubio, JM Saini, S Sambyal, S Santo, R Schmidt, HR Siemiarczuk, T Siemssen, R Sinha, BC Slegt, S Soderstrom, K Solomey, N Sorensen, SP Stefanek, G Steinhaeuser, P Stenlund, E Ster, A Stuken, D Trivedi, MD Twenhoefel, C VanEijndhoven, N VanHeeringen, WH Vinogradov, A Viyogi, YP Weber, S Young, GR AF Aggarwal, MM Angelis, ALS Antonenko, V Awes, TC Badyal, SK Barlag, C Bhalla, KB Bhatia, VS Blume, C Bock, D Bohne, EM Bucher, D Buijs, A Chattopadhyay, S Claussen, A Clewing, G Das, AC Devanand Donni, P Durieux, E Majumdar, MRD Fokin, S Ganti, MS Garpman, S Geurts, F Ghosh, TK Glasow, R Gupta, SK Gustafsson, HA Gutbrod, HH Hartig, M He, SC Holker, G Ippolitov, M Izycki, M Kachroo, S Kamermans, R Kampert, KH Karadjev, K Kolb, BW Langbein, I Langheinrich, J Lebedev, A Lohner, H Manko, V Martin, M Mittra, IS Naef, H Nayak, SK Nayak, TK Nikolaev, S Nystrand, J Obenshain, FE Oskarsson, A Otterlund, I Peitzmann, T Plasil, F Purschke, M Raniwala, S Rao, NK Rosselet, L Roters, B Rubio, JM Saini, S Sambyal, S Santo, R Schmidt, HR Siemiarczuk, T Siemssen, R Sinha, BC Slegt, S Soderstrom, K Solomey, N Sorensen, SP Stefanek, G Steinhaeuser, P Stenlund, E Ster, A Stuken, D Trivedi, MD Twenhoefel, C VanEijndhoven, N VanHeeringen, WH Vinogradov, A Viyogi, YP Weber, S Young, GR TI Event by event measurement of (p(T)) of photons in S+Au collisions at 200 A center dot GeV SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID ION EXPERIMENT WA80; SPECTRA; CERN; CALORIMETER AB The mean transverse momentum of photons has been determined on an event by event basis in S + Au collisions at 200 A.GeV from the ratio of the measured electromagnetic transverse energy (E-T(em)) to the photon multiplicity (N-gamma). The average value obtained is similar to that determined for the same system using spectroscopic techniques. The centrality dependence of the measured values are in agreement with the predictions of the VENUS event generator. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 UNIV GENEVA,CH-1211 GENEVA 4,SWITZERLAND. IV KURCHATOV ATOM ENERGY INST,RU-123182 MOSCOW,RUSSIA. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. UNIV JAMMU,JAMMU 180001,INDIA. UNIV RAJASTHAN,D-48149 MUNSTER,GERMANY. UNIV UTRECHT,NIKHEF H,NL-3508 TA UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. BHABHA ATOM RES CTR,CTR VARIABLE ENERGY CYCLOTRON,CALCUTTA 700064,W BENGAL,INDIA. LUND UNIV,S-22362 LUND,SWEDEN. UNIV TENNESSEE,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. GESELL SCHWERIONENFORSCH MBH,D-64220 DARMSTADT,GERMANY. UNIV GRONINGEN,KVI,NL-9747 AA GRONINGEN,NETHERLANDS. INST NUCL STUDIES,PL-00681 WARSAW,POLAND. RP Aggarwal, MM (reprint author), PANJAB UNIV,CHANDIGARH 160014,INDIA. RI Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; Lohner, Herbert/B-2397-2014 OI Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; Lohner, Herbert/0000-0002-7441-739X NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 3 PY 1997 VL 404 IS 1-2 BP 207 EP 212 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(97)00567-4 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA XJ508 UT WOS:A1997XJ50800031 ER PT J AU Tsouris, C DePaoli, D AF Tsouris, C DePaoli, D TI Special issue: Electroseparations SO SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID SEPARATIONS RP Tsouris, C (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM TECHNOL,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Tsouris, Costas/C-2544-2016 OI Tsouris, Costas/0000-0002-0522-1027 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5866 J9 SEP PURIF TECHNOL JI Sep. Purif. Technol. PD JUL 3 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 143 EP 145 DI 10.1016/S1383-5866(97)00023-3 PG 3 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA XT248 UT WOS:A1997XT24800001 ER PT J AU Lilga, MA Orth, RJ Sukamto, JPH Haight, SM Schwartz, DT AF Lilga, MA Orth, RJ Sukamto, JPH Haight, SM Schwartz, DT TI Metal ion separations using electrically switched ion exchange SO SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE electrochemistry; hexacyanoferrate; ion exchange; metal ion separation; Raman spectroscopy; thin films ID INDUSTRIAL-SCALE REMOVAL; ZINC FERROCYANIDES; HEXACYANOFERRATE EXCHANGER; MODIFIED ELECTRODES; NICKEL ELECTRODE; PRUSSIAN BLUE; CESIUM; FIXATION; SURFACES; REDOX AB An electrochemical method for metal ion separations, called electrically switched ion exchange (ESIX), is described in this paper. In this method, direct oxidation and reduction of an electroactive film attached to an electrode surface is used to load and unload the film with alkali metal cations. The electroactive films under investigation are nickel hexacyanoferrates, which are deposited on the surface by applying an anodic potential to a nickel electrode in a solution containing the ferricyanide anion. Reported film preparation procedures have been modified to produce films with improved capacity and stability. Electrochemical behavior of the derivatized electrodes has been investigated with the use of cyclic voltammetry and chronocoulometry. The films show selectivity for cesium in concentrated sodium solutions. Raman spectroscopy has been used to directly monitor changes in the oxidation state of the film, and imaging experiments have demonstrated that the redox reactions are spatially homogeneous across the film. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON, DEPT CHEM ENGN, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. RP Lilga, MA (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, POB 999, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 37 TC 51 Z9 59 U1 4 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5866 J9 SEP PURIF TECHNOL JI Sep. Purif. Technol. PD JUL 3 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 147 EP 158 DI 10.1016/S1383-5866(97)00017-8 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA XT248 UT WOS:A1997XT24800002 ER PT J AU Harris, MT DePaoli, DW Ally, M AF Harris, MT DePaoli, DW Ally, M TI Modeling the electrokinetic transport of strontium and cesium through a concrete disk SO SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cesium; strontium; electrokinetic model; ion transport; concrete ID REMEDIATION; REMOVAL; SOIL AB A one-dimensional electrokinetic model has been developed to simulate the transport of cesium and strontium ions through a concrete disk. The model predicts the variation of the ion concentrations in the anolyte and catholyte. The sensitivity of the ion concentration in the anolyte and catholyte to the overall mass transfer coefficient and ion diffusion coefficient is investigated. Using reasonable values for the diffusion coefficient and the overall mass transfer coefficient, good agreement is obtained between the experimental and computed variations in the anolyte concentrations. The results for the catholyte concentrations are in qualitative agreement with the experimental observations. The variation in the pH in the anolyte and catholyte, and the voltage drop across the disk, are predicted by the model. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,INST PHYS SCI & TECHNOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20741. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM TECHNOL,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Harris, MT (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM ENGN,COLLEGE PK,MD 20741, USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5866 J9 SEP PURIF TECHNOL JI Sep. Purif. Technol. PD JUL 3 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 173 EP 184 DI 10.1016/S1383-5866(97)00019-1 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA XT248 UT WOS:A1997XT24800004 ER PT J AU Kurath, DE Brooks, KP Hollenberg, GW Sutija, DP Landro, T Balagopal, S AF Kurath, DE Brooks, KP Hollenberg, GW Sutija, DP Landro, T Balagopal, S TI Caustic recycle from high-salt nuclear wastes using a ceramic-membrane salt-splitting process SO SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sodium super-ionic conductors; high-salt nuclear wastes; ceramic membranes; salt-splitting AB An electrochemical salt-splitting process, based on sodium-ion selective ceramic membranes, is being developed to recover and recycle sodium hydroxide from high-salt radioactive tank wastes in the U.S. Department of Energy complex. The ceramic membranes are from a family of materials knows as sodium (Na), super-ionic conductors (NaSICON). Two membrane compositions based on the rare-earth elements, neodymium and dysprosium, and a new proprietary material, NAS-D, have been fabricated as disks and are currently being tested with waste simulants. The membranes have been incorporated into a polyethylene scaffold for implementation into commercially available plate-and-frame electrochemical cells. A purified caustic product with a sodium hydroxide in excess of 3 M was produced from waste simulants with the Dy- and Nd-NaSICON membranes. This is the nominal concentration for onsite recycle and higher concentrations are expected. Membrane fouling was not observed, even though gibbsite {Al(OH)(3)} was precipitated in large amounts during some of the runs. Preliminary testing of the NAS-D material indicates that a sodium current density of 38 mA/cm(2) with a sodium current efficiency of approximately 90% is achievable over 1000 h of operation with an applied potential of 4.5 V. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 CERAMATEC INC, SALT LAKE CITY, UT 84119 USA. RP Kurath, DE (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, POB 999, BATTELLE BLVD, MS P7-20, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 10 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5866 J9 SEP PURIF TECHNOL JI Sep. Purif. Technol. PD JUL 3 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 185 EP 198 DI 10.1016/S1383-5866(97)00020-8 PG 14 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA XT248 UT WOS:A1997XT24800005 ER PT J AU Buchholz, BA Tuazon, HE Kaminski, MD Aase, SB Nunez, L Vandegrift, GF AF Buchholz, BA Tuazon, HE Kaminski, MD Aase, SB Nunez, L Vandegrift, GF TI Optimizing the coating process of organic actinide extractants on magnetically assisted chemical separation particles SO SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CMPO; MACS; magnetic separation; TBP; transuranic extraction ID RADIOLYTIC DEGRADATION; AM(III); MEDIA AB The coatings of ferromagnetic-charcoal-polymer microparticles (1-25 mu m) with organic extractants specific for actinides were optimized for use in the magnetically assisted chemical separation (MACS) process. The organic extractants, octyl (phenyl)-N,N-diisobutylcarbamoylmethylphosphine oxide (CMPO) dissolved in tributyl phosphate (TBP), coated the particles when a carrier organic solvent was evaporated. Coated particles were heated in an oven overnight to drive off any remaining carrier solvent and fix the extractants on the particles. Partitioning coefficients for americium obtained with the coated particles routinely reached 3000-4000 ml g(-1), approximately 10 times the separation efficiency observed with the conventional solvent extraction system using CMPO and TBP. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM TECHNOL,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RI Buchholz, Bruce/G-1356-2011 NR 21 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5866 J9 SEP PURIF TECHNOL JI Sep. Purif. Technol. PD JUL 3 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 211 EP 219 DI 10.1016/S1383-5866(97)00022-1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA XT248 UT WOS:A1997XT24800007 ER PT J AU Burns, SE Yiacoumi, S Tsouris, C AF Burns, SE Yiacoumi, S Tsouris, C TI Microbubble generation for environmental and industrial separations SO SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dissolved air flotation; electroflotation; electrostatic spraying; image analysis; microbubbles ID DISSOLVED-AIR FLOTATION; NONCONDUCTIVE FLUIDS; CONDUCTIVE FLUIDS; ELECTRIC-FIELD; BUBBLE-SIZE AB Small gas bubbles are used in many environmental and industrial processes for solid-liquid separations or to facilitate heat and mass transfer between phases. Typically, smaller bubbles are preferred in treatment techniques due to both their high surface area-to-volume ratio and their increased bubble density at a fixed flow rate. This study examines some of the factors that affect the size of bubbles produced in the processes of electroflotation, dissolved air flotation, and a relatively new method known as electrostatic spraying. The effect of voltage, current and ionic strength was studied in electroflotation, the effect of pressure was studied in dissolved air flotation and the effect of voltage, capillary dimensions and flow rate was studied in electrostatic spraying. In electroflotation, the flow rate of gas produced increased as a function of voltage and current. Flow rate also increased as the ionic strength of the aqueous medium was increased. However, no clear trends in bubble size as a function of these parameters were evident. The bubbles produced in dissolved air flotation showed a decrease in size as saturation pressure was increased; however, the differences were insignificant at high pressures. Bubble size in electrostatic spraying decreased as voltage was increased. Finally, this study compares the three methods of bubble production in terms of average bubble diameter, bubble size distribution and power consumed during production. Dissolved air flotation produced the largest average bubble diameters, while electroflotation produced the smallest average bubble diameters. In terms of bubble size distribution, dissolved air flotation produced the most narrow distribution, electrostatic spraying produced the widest distribution, and electroflotation produced an intermediate distribution. In terms of power consumption, the pilot-scale dissolved air flotation system maximized surface area production, electroflotation produced an intermediate value, and electrostatic spraying of air produced the least surface area as a function of power consumed. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 GEORGIA INST TECHNOL,SCH CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,ATLANTA,GA 30332. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM TECHNOL,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RI Burns, Susan/H-7947-2012; Tsouris, Costas/C-2544-2016 OI Tsouris, Costas/0000-0002-0522-1027 NR 22 TC 90 Z9 105 U1 8 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5866 J9 SEP PURIF TECHNOL JI Sep. Purif. Technol. PD JUL 3 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 221 EP 232 DI 10.1016/S1383-5866(97)00024-5 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA XT248 UT WOS:A1997XT24800008 ER PT J AU Shin, YK Szalda, DJ Brunschwig, BS Creutz, C Sutin, N AF Shin, YK Szalda, DJ Brunschwig, BS Creutz, C Sutin, N TI Electronic and molecular structures of pentaammineruthenium pyridine and benzonitrile complexes as a function of oxidation state SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL-OVERLAP TECHNIQUE; TRANSITION-METAL COMPLEXES; INTERMEDIATE NEGLECT; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; TETRAFLUOROBORATE; LIGAND; RUTHENIUM(III); SPECTROSCOPY; IODIDE; RATES AB structural characterization of both Ru(II) and Ru(III) compounds containing Ru(NH3)(5)(2+/3+) with pyridine or benzonitrile as the sixth ligand (L) is described. Crystal data for L = pyridine, [(NH3)(5)Ru(NC5H5)](SO3CF3)(2) (1): orthorhombic space group Pbcn, Z = 4, a = 13.096(2) Angstrom, b = 11.541(2) Angstrom, c = 13.179(2) Angstrom. For [(NH3)(5)-Ru(NC5H5)]Cl-3 . 1.4H(2)O (2): orthorhombic space group Pnma, Z = 4, a = 22.667(12) Angstrom, b = 7.095(2) Angstrom, c 10.097(8) Angstrom. For L = benzonitrile, [(NH3)(5)Ru(NCC6H5)](SO3CF3)(2) (3); monoclinic space group P2(1)/n, Z = 4, a 9.561(1) Angstrom, b = 18.424(4) Angstrom, c = 12.181(1) Angstrom, beta = 95.73(1)degrees. For [(NH3)(5)Ru(NCC6H5)](S2O6)(3/2). 2H(2)O (4): triclinic space group Pi, Z = 2, a = 7.8947(6) Angstrom, b = 11.517(2) Angstrom, c = 11.630(1) Angstrom, alpha = 99.61(1)degrees, beta = 97.275(8)degrees, gamma = 102.25(1)degrees. The Ru-II-N(L) and Ru-III-N(L) distances are respectively 2.058(8) and 2.077(10) Angstrom for L pyridine and 1.945(5) and 2.025(4) Angstrom for L = benzonitrile. The new data yield a comprehensive set of structural parameters for modeling and interpreting electron transfer barriers and for investigating the dependence of metal-ligand coupling on d(M-N), for which the results of INDO calculations are also reported here. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM,UPTON,NY 11973. BARUCH COLL,DEPT NAT SCI,NEW YORK,NY 10010. RI Brunschwig, Bruce/G-4249-2011 NR 33 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JUL 2 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 14 BP 3190 EP 3197 DI 10.1021/ic9700967 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA XH916 UT WOS:A1997XH91600040 ER PT J AU Blackburn, NJ deVries, S Barr, ME Houser, RP Tolman, WB Sanders, D Fee, JA AF Blackburn, NJ deVries, S Barr, ME Houser, RP Tolman, WB Sanders, D Fee, JA TI X-ray absorption studies on the mixed-valence and fully reduced forms of the soluble Cu-A domains of cytochrome c oxidase SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MULTIFREQUENCY EPR EVIDENCE; CURVED-WAVE THEORY; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; PARACOCCUS-DENITRIFICANS; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES; THERMUS-THERMOPHILUS; EXAFS CALCULATIONS; DIOXYGEN-BINDING; QUINOL OXIDASE AB Cytochrome oxidase is the terminal oxidase in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and is responsible for the generation of cellular energy via the process known as oxidative phosphorylation: The enzyme contains two Fe and three Cu centers which together provide the redox machinery for the reduction of O-2 to water. Recently, X-ray crystallography has provided the first three-dimensional description of the coordination spheres of the metal centers: However, the structures show the metal sites at low resolution, and in order to fully understand the mechanism of the reaction, it is desirable to determine the metrical details (bond lengths and angles) to much higher precision. X-ray absorption spectroscopy is unique in its ability to provide such detail, and we have applied the technique to determining the structure of the Cu-A center, a thiolate-bridged binuclear copper cluster in which the coppers are bridged by two cysteine ligands and have an extremely short Cu-Cu distance of similar to 2.4 Angstrom. X-ray absorption spectroscopy, which had previously predicted the short Cu-Cu distance, has been used to further refine the structural details of the site in both the mixed-valence and fully reduced forms of the enzymes from Thermus thermophilus and Bacillus subtilis. The results have defined the structure of the Cu-A core as a Cu2S2 diamond with Cu-S bond lengths of 2.3 Angstrom, Cu-Cu = 2.44 Angstrom, and very acute Cu-S-Cu angles of 65 degrees. One-electron reduction produces only minor changes in the core geometry, with the Cu-S and Cu-Cu bond lengths increasing to 2.33 and 2.51 Angstrom, respectively, but with the Cu-S-Cu angle remaining unchanged at 65 degrees. The unusually high Cu-S Debye-Waller terms imply that there is significant asymmetry in the Cu2S2 diamond core derived from inequivalent Cu-S bond lengths. Both the metrical parameters and the temperature dependence of the Debye-Waller factors exhibit subtle differences between the mixed-valence and fully reduced proteins which suggest that the short distance may be the result, in part, of a weak metal-metal bond. The results suggest that the function of the unusual Cu-A cluster is to provide a site with minimal structural perturbation occurring during electron transfer. Thus, they provide an excellent rationalization for the very low reorganizational energy, lambda, observed for the Cu-A center. C1 TECH UNIV DELFT,DEPT MICROBIOL & ENZYMOL,NL-2628 BC DELFT,NETHERLANDS. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL DIV,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT CHEM,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. UNIV MINNESOTA,CTR MET BIOCATALYSIS,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT BIOL,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. RP Blackburn, NJ (reprint author), OREGON GRAD INST SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOL BIOL,POB 91000,PORTLAND,OR 97291, USA. NR 72 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 2 PY 1997 VL 119 IS 26 BP 6135 EP 6143 DI 10.1021/ja970513e PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XJ176 UT WOS:A1997XJ17600017 ER PT J AU Wiederrecht, GP Svec, WA Wasielewski, MR AF Wiederrecht, GP Svec, WA Wasielewski, MR TI Differential control of intramolecular charge separation and recombination rates using nematic liquid crystal solvents SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-TRANSFER; ACCEPTOR MOLECULES; DEPENDENCE; PORPHYRIN; DISTANCE C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM,ARGONNE,IL 60439. NORTHWESTERN UNIV,DEPT CHEM,EVANSTON,IL 60208. NR 20 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 2 PY 1997 VL 119 IS 26 BP 6199 EP 6200 DI 10.1021/ja970925n PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XJ176 UT WOS:A1997XJ17600028 ER PT J AU Reed, R Lemak, DJ Hesser, WA AF Reed, R Lemak, DJ Hesser, WA TI Cleaning up after the cold war: Management and social issues SO ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT REVIEW LA English DT Review ID PERCEIVED RISK; NUCLEAR WASTE; ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE; CORPORATE CULTURE; UNITED-STATES; FEAR; RADIATION; BUSINESS; CANCER AB For many years the primary focus of the U.S. nuclear weapons complex wets the production of nuclear materials and weapons, but, with the end of the Cold War, its mission has been changed to one of environmental cleanup. This dramatic shift in mission means that the complex is forcing new internal and external problems that are forcing organizational change. In this article we examine the weapons complex through the lens of systems-based models of organization and we find that the complex has moved from ct closed to an open system. We also deduce that by remaining with a rational system, rather than moving to ct natural system the transition to the new mission is being made more difficult than it perhaps should be: this point becomes apparent through discussions on the specific problems that the complex is facing in the related areas of organization-culture change. the public's health-fears, and the management of risk. Our intent in this article is to draw attention to these management and social issues and to identify areas where there is ct need for theoretical and empirical research. C1 BATTELLE PACIFIC NW NATL LAB,RICHLAND,WA. RP Reed, R (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 115 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 9 PU ACAD MANAGEMENT PI BRIARCLIFF MANOR PA PACE UNIV, PO BOX 3020, 235 ELM RD, BRIARCLIFF MANOR, NY 10510-8020 SN 0363-7425 J9 ACAD MANAGE REV JI Acad. Manage. Rev. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 22 IS 3 BP 614 EP 642 DI 10.2307/259408 PG 29 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA XK173 UT WOS:A1997XK17300004 ER PT J AU Cohron, JW George, EP Heatherly, L Liu, CT Zee, RH AF Cohron, JW George, EP Heatherly, L Liu, CT Zee, RH TI Hydrogen-boron interaction and its effect on the ductility and fracture of Ni3Al SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE DUCTILITY; ENVIRONMENTAL EMBRITTLEMENT; SOLUBILITY; MOISTURE; WATER; FEAL AB Ni3Al alloys, of nominal composition Ni-24 at.% Al and three different B concentrations (50, 100 and 500 wppm), were tensile tested at room temperature in high-purity HI gas at pressures ranging from similar to 6 x 10(-8) to 7 x 10(3) Pa. The highest elongations to fracture were obtained in ultrahigh vacuum: similar to 36, 45 and 60% for the 50, 100 and 500 wppm B alloys, respectively. With increasing H-2 pressure, the ductility of all three alloys dropped precipitously. Accompanying this drop in ductility was a change in the fracture mode from predominantly transgranular to predominantly intergranular. An intriguing result of our present study is that, at the higher H-2 pressures employed, B-doped Ni3Al (50 or 100 wppm) is brittle and fractures predominantly intergranularly, whereas B-free Ni3Al is ductile and fractures predominantly transgranularly. This result indicates that B-by possibly promoting the dissociation of molecular H-2 into atomic H-embrittles Ni3Al in a dry H-2 environment, unlike in H2O-containing environments, where B suppresses grain boundary fracture and improves the ductility of Ni-3 Al. (C) 1997 Acta Metallurgica Inc. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV MET & CERAM,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. AUBURN UNIV,MAT ENGN PROGRAM,AUBURN,AL 36849. RI George, Easo/L-5434-2014; OI Liu, Chain Tsuan/0000-0001-7888-9725 NR 27 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 45 IS 7 BP 2801 EP 2811 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(96)00383-7 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA XJ052 UT WOS:A1997XJ05200012 ER PT J AU Blumenthal, WR Taylor, ST AF Blumenthal, WR Taylor, ST TI High temperature fracture toughness of single crystal yttrium-aluminium garnet SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID EDGE-PRECRACKED-BEAM; SILICON-NITRIDE; BEND BARS; INDENTATION; STRENGTH; BEHAVIOR; CRACKS; CREEP AB Y3Al5O12 (YAG) is the most creep-resistant single crystal oxide known and is therefore an attractive candidate for very high temperature applications. The fracture toughness, Ki,, was measured as a function of temperature using the single edge precracked beam (SEPB) method and was compared to notched beam method results in the literature. The fracture toughness of annealed SEPB specimens was found to be independent of both temperature from 20 degrees C to at least 1700 degrees C and loading rate over two orders of magnitude. Thus the brittle-to-ductile transition does not occur before 1700 degrees C. Previous reports of remarkable increases in the fracture toughness below 1700 degrees C using notched beam methods are considered erroneous due to microcrack healing and crack blunting effects. The SEPB fracture toughness method avoids these problems since a long, sharp crack exists in the specimen prior to testing and can be effectively preserved at high temperatures using a preloading procedure. (C) 1997 Acta Metallurgica Inc. RP Blumenthal, WR (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 45 IS 7 BP 3071 EP 3078 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(96)00272-8 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA XJ052 UT WOS:A1997XJ05200033 ER PT J AU Karsjen, S AF Karsjen, S TI Magnetic refrigeration makes a tool debut SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT News Item C1 Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Karsjen, S (reprint author), Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0026-0665 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 152 IS 1 BP 80 EP 81 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA ZA406 UT WOS:000072360300025 ER PT J AU Alvin, KF Peterson, LD Park, KC AF Alvin, KF Peterson, LD Park, KC TI Extraction of normal modes and full modal damping from complex modal parameters SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID EIGENSYSTEM REALIZATION-ALGORITHM; IDENTIFICATION; COMPUTATION; REDUCTION AB A procedure for extracting the structural normal modes and nondiagonal damping matrix from damped system realization parameters is presented. The procedure utilizes the state-space realization of experimental data obtained using identification algorithms such as the Eigensystem Realization Algorithm and Polyreference. This realization is first decomposed into the complex damped modes of the system and each mode is then transformed into an equivalent real-valued approximation of a second-order system. The transformation yields an approximation of the normal mode frequencies, mode shapes, and damping ratios. The procedure then develops a corrective transformation that accounts for the modal coupling implicit in nonproportional damping, thus yielding the correct structural normal modes and a nondiagonal modal damping matrix for the realization. Solutions for the corrective transformation are shown to be subject to a displacement consistency criterion. The damping identification procedure is demonstrated for both overdetermined (more sensors than modes) and underdetermined (more modes than sensors) problems using simulated data. C1 UNIV COLORADO,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP Alvin, KF (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,TECH STAFF,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. RI park, k.c./E-8898-2010 NR 15 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 35 IS 7 BP 1187 EP 1194 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA XG886 UT WOS:A1997XG88600011 ER PT J AU Superko, HR Krauss, RM DiRicco, C AF Superko, HR Krauss, RM DiRicco, C TI Effect of Fluvastatin on low-density lipoprotein peak particle diameter SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; PRAVASTATIN; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; PROGRESSION; MEN; SIMVASTATIN; REGRESSION AB The effect of fluvastatin on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle diameter was investigated in 42 hypercholesterolemic patients. Fluvastatin reduced LDL cholesterol significantly but had no effect on LDL particle diameter; it also had no differential effect on patients classified as LDL pattern A (large LDL), pattern B (small LDL), or I(intermediate LDL). C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DIV LIFE SCI,ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Superko, HR (reprint author), CHOLESTEROL GENET & HEART DIS INST,BERKELEY HEARTLAB,1875 S GRANT ST,SUITE 700,SAN MATEO,CA 94402, USA. OI Superko, H. Robert/0000-0002-3542-0393 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 18574] NR 21 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0002-9149 J9 AM J CARDIOL JI Am. J. Cardiol. PD JUL 1 PY 1997 VL 80 IS 1 BP 78 EP & DI 10.1016/S0002-9149(97)00288-9 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA XG424 UT WOS:A1997XG42400017 PM 9205026 ER PT J AU Bertsch, GF Janssens, RVF AF Bertsch, GF Janssens, RVF TI Nuclear rotations SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,INST NUCL THEORY,SEATTLE,WA 98195. ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV PHYS,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP Bertsch, GF (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT PHYS,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 65 IS 7 BP 668 EP 669 DI 10.1119/1.18631 PG 2 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA XG796 UT WOS:A1997XG79600025 ER PT J AU Tucker, AD Yeomans, SR Gibbons, JW AF Tucker, AD Yeomans, SR Gibbons, JW TI Shell strength of mud snails (Ilyanassa obsoleta) may deter foraging by diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin) SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID IRRORATA; DEFENSE AB Diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin) do not eat the common and abundant mud snail (ilyanassa obsoleta) even though terrapin diets are dominated by similarly sized gastropods. To resolve this paradox, we tested a structural defense hypothesis as the potential deterrent against predation. We compared resistance to compressive force of ilyanassa and three invertebrates (Littorina irrorata,) Uca spp, and Callinectes sapidus) that terrapins commonly eat. Ilyanassa shells were 2-3 times more resistant to crushing than the other prey. High processing costs for mud snails (in terms of structural resistance to crushing) may deter predation by terrapins despite the low search costs and equivalent energetic returns relative to alternative prey items. C1 SAVANNAH RIVER ECOL LAB,AIKEN,SC 29802. RP Tucker, AD (reprint author), UNIV QUEENSLAND,DEPT ZOOL,BRISBANE,QLD 4072,AUSTRALIA. OI Tucker, Anton/0000-0003-2318-7819 NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 138 IS 1 BP 224 EP 229 DI 10.2307/2426670 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XR338 UT WOS:A1997XR33800022 ER PT J AU Hobbs, JD Cygan, RT Nagy, KL Schultz, PA Sears, MP AF Hobbs, JD Cygan, RT Nagy, KL Schultz, PA Sears, MP TI All-atom ab initio energy minimization of the kaolinite crystal structure SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID RIETVELD REFINEMENT; POSITIONS; DICKITE; BRUCITE; STATE AB Calculations that minimize the energy and optimize the geometry of all atomic coordinates for two proposed kaolinite crystal structures were performed using a first-principles, quantum chemical code based on local density functional theory. All calculations were performed using published unit-cell parameters. Inner- and interlayer H atom positions agree well with those determined by Bish (1993) from neutron diffraction data and confirm a unit cell with C1 symmetry. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS, DEPT GEOCHEM, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87185 USA. RP Hobbs, JD (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS, COMPUTAT MAT SCI DEPT, POB 5800, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87185 USA. NR 32 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 4 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X EI 1945-3027 J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 82 IS 7-8 BP 657 EP 662 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA XP271 UT WOS:A1997XP27100001 ER PT J AU Cruciani, G Artioli, G Gualtieri, A Stahl, K Hanson, JC AF Cruciani, G Artioli, G Gualtieri, A Stahl, K Hanson, JC TI Dehydration dynamics of stilbite using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID HEULANDITE; ZEOLITE; CLINOPTILOLITE AB The continuous structural transformation of the natural zeolite stilbite (Na3.62K0.44Ba0.03Ca6.32Sr0.28Mg0.04[Fe(0.01)(3+)A1(17.33)Si(54.64)O(144)].6OH(2)O) upon dehydration has been studied using Rietveld structure analysis of temperature-resolved powder diffraction data collected with synchrotron radiation. In the initial stage of heating, the monoclinic F2/m stilbite structure (the so-called A phase) behaves as a noncollapsible framework, featuring only a slight framework distortion and a slight cell-volume contraction. At about 420 K, a first-order phase transition occurs changing the symmetry to an orthorhombic Amma phase, whose framework is collapsible and shows a large cell-volume contraction with temperature. The cell contraction is related to the process of T-O-T bond breaking and leads to a high-temperature stilbite phase with the same Amma space group and a collapsed structure similar to the previously described B phase in stellerite and barrerite. The structural refinement indicates that the dynamics of bond breaking is related to the shift of the Ca cations in the channels to achieve optimal coordination after the release of the H2O molecules. Refined statistical occupancies of the tetrahedral atoms involved in the bond-breaking process (T1 and T1P) are consistent with a random rupture and re-formation of the T-O-T bonds. This is the first experimental study of the dynamic bond breaking of T-O-T bonds in a framework structure. C1 UNIV MILAN,DIPARTIMENTO SCI TERRA,I-20133 MILAN,ITALY. UNIV MODENA,DIPARTIMENTO SCI TERRA,I-41100 MODENA,ITALY. TECH UNIV DENMARK,DEPT CHEM,DK-2800 LYNGBY,DENMARK. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM,UPTON,NY 11973. RP Cruciani, G (reprint author), UNIV FERRARA,IST MINERAL,I-44100 FERRARA,ITALY. RI Hanson, jonathan/E-3517-2010; Artioli, Gilberto/F-2149-2015; Gualtieri, Alessandro/L-9680-2015; OI Artioli, Gilberto/0000-0002-8693-7392; Gualtieri, Alessandro/0000-0002-4414-9603; Stahl, Kenny/0000-0002-4459-3026; Cruciani, Giuseppe/0000-0002-4269-697X NR 31 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 6 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1130 17TH ST NW SUITE 330, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 82 IS 7-8 BP 729 EP 739 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA XP271 UT WOS:A1997XP27100010 ER PT J AU Blair, DS Burgess, LW Brodsky, AM AF Blair, DS Burgess, LW Brodsky, AM TI Evanescent fiber optic chemical sensor for monitoring volatile organic compounds in water SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS; CALIBRATION METHODS; INFRARED FIBERS; EXTRACTION AB The transport of trichloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and toluene in aqueous solutions through a polydimethylsiloxane film was modeled using a Fickian diffusion model to fit data obtained from an evanescent fiber-optic chemical sensor (EFOCS). The resultant diffusion coefficients for these analytes were respectively 3 x 10(-7), 5 x 10(-7), and 1 x 10(-7) cm(2)/s. Inclusion of an interfacial conductance term, defined as the ratio of the mass transport coefficient across the polymer surface and the analyte diffusion coefficient in the polymer, was required to accurately model the data. It was determined that the interfacial conductance terms were generally of the same order of magnitude for the analytes examined, suggesting a constant transport mechanism for the analytes. Linear chemometric algorithms were used to model the EFOCS response to aqueous mixtures of the three analytes with individual analyte concentrations between 20 and 300 ppm. Both partial least-squares and principal component regression algorithms performed comparably on the calibration sets, with cross-validated root-mean-squared errors of prediction for trichloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and toluene of approximately 26, 29, and 22 ppm, respectively. The resultant prediction model was then used to determine analyte concentrations in an independent data set with comparable precision. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,CTR PROC ANALYT CHEM,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP Blair, DS (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,ENVIRONM CHARACTERIZAT & MONITORING SYST DEPT,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 34 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 1997 VL 69 IS 13 BP 2238 EP 2246 DI 10.1021/ac961086a PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA XG497 UT WOS:A1997XG49700008 PM 21639355 ER PT J AU Chang, SY Yeung, ES AF Chang, SY Yeung, ES TI Laser vaporization/ionization interface for capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SAMPLE INTRODUCTION INTERFACE; DESORPTION IONIZATION; ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS; ELECTROSPRAY AB Mass spectrometry (MS) is usually coupled on-line with capillary electrophoresis (CE) to analyze biomolecules by using electrospray ionization or continuous-flow fast-atom bombardment. We present a new design for laser vaporization/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. CE, with its low now rate (<1 mu L/min), is highly compatible with MS, even if the total column effluent is introduced directly. A UV laser is used to vaporize and ionize the solution eluting from the column. There is no need to have a makeup solvent. Using this system, we have analyzed a group of amines and peptides. The concentration detection limit of serotonin is in the 10(-7) M level. The separation and identification of an amine mixture by CE/MS demonstrates the complementary nature of the information. C1 US DOE,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,AMES,IA 50011. NR 33 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 1997 VL 69 IS 13 BP 2251 EP 2257 DI 10.1021/ac961071c PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA XG497 UT WOS:A1997XG49700010 PM 21639357 ER PT J AU Allen, LA Leach, JJ Houk, RS AF Allen, LA Leach, JJ Houk, RS TI Spatial location of the space charge effect in individual ion clouds using monodisperse dried microparticulate injection with a twin quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID VACUUM INTERFACE; ICP-MS; INTERFERENCES; LENS; GAS; DYNAMICS; RATIOS AB Pulses of analyte and matrix ions from individual drops are measured simultaneously using a twin quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The sample solution is introduced by monodisperse dried microparticulate injection (MDMI). At modest Pb concentrations (500 ppm), a shoulder on the leading edge of the Li+ signal appears. At higher matrix concentrations (1000 to at least 1500 ppm), a dip in the leading edge of the Li+ signal develops. These changes in the shapes of the Li+ pulses are attributed to space charge effects in the extraction system and ion optics of the mass spectrometer. A qualitative depiction for this behavior is proposed, in which the Li+ ions are deflected out of the preferred ion path and then refocused by the ion optics. Part of the Li+ ion cloud is driven ahead of the Pb+ cloud, and part is trapped behind the Pb+ cloud. The result is a shoulder on the leading edge of the Li+ signal. With the Pb matrix present, the shapes of the analyte ion pulses are sensitive to the voltages applied to the first two ion lenses, especially the extractor lens. This observation shows that the part of the matrix effect that occurs in the ion optics takes place mainly in the first two lenses. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM,US DEPT ENERGY,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. NR 32 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 1997 VL 69 IS 13 BP 2384 EP 2391 DI 10.1021/ac9610624 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA XG497 UT WOS:A1997XG49700030 PM 21639373 ER PT J AU Elling, JW Lahiri, S Luck, JP Roberts, RS Hruska, SI Adair, KL Levis, AP Timpany, RG Robinson, JJ AF Elling, JW Lahiri, S Luck, JP Roberts, RS Hruska, SI Adair, KL Levis, AP Timpany, RG Robinson, JJ TI Hybrid artificial intelligence tools for assessing GC data SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DIAGNOSIS C1 FLORIDA STATE UNIV,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32306. RP Elling, JW (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,ESA,EPE,TA-46,BLDG 42,MAILSTOP J580,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. OI Elling, John/0000-0002-1119-1442 NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 1997 VL 69 IS 13 BP A409 EP A415 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA XG497 UT WOS:A1997XG49700003 ER PT J AU Rota, GC Wallstrom, TC AF Rota, GC Wallstrom, TC TI Stochastic integrals: A combinatorial approach SO ANNALS OF PROBABILITY LA English DT Article DE multiple stochastic integrals; partitions of sets; discrete and homogeneous chaos; orthogonal polynomials; symmetric functions; Kailath-Segall formula ID FOUNDATIONS; CALCULUS AB A combinatorial definition of multiple stochastic integrals is given in the setting of random measures. It is shown that some properties of such stochastic integrals, formerly known to hold in special cases, are instances of combinatorial identities on the lattice of partitions of a set. The notion of stochastic sequences of binomial type is introduced as a generalization of special polynomial sequences occuring in stochastic integration, such as Hermite, Poisson-Charlier and Kravchuk polynomials. It is shown that identities for such polynomial sets have a common origin. C1 MIT, Dept Math, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Rota, GC (reprint author), MIT, Dept Math, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM rota@math.mit.edu; tcw@lanl.gov NR 40 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS PI HAYWARD PA IMS BUSINESS OFFICE-SUITE 7, 3401 INVESTMENT BLVD, HAYWARD, CA 94545 USA SN 0091-1798 J9 ANN PROBAB JI Ann. Probab. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 25 IS 3 BP 1257 EP 1283 PG 27 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA ZR691 UT WOS:000074004100009 ER PT J AU Choy, IO Schepkin, VC Budinger, TF Obayashi, DY Young, JN DeCampli, WM AF Choy, IO Schepkin, VC Budinger, TF Obayashi, DY Young, JN DeCampli, WM TI Effects of specific sodium/hydrogen exchange inhibitor during cardioplegic arrest SO ANNALS OF THORACIC SURGERY LA English DT Article ID NA+-H+ EXCHANGE; PERFUSED RABBIT HEART; FILTERED NA-23 NMR; RAT-HEART; INTRACELLULAR SODIUM; ISCHEMIC INJURY; CALCIUM; REPERFUSION; OVERLOAD; RECOVERY AB Background. The accumulation of intracellular sodium during myocardial ischemia couples an inappropriate calcium influx and depressed cardiac recovery during subsequent reperfusion. The effects of the selective sodium/hydrogen exchange inhibitor HOE 694 are evaluated during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Methods. Ten isolated rat hearts were subjected to a 2-minute infusion of St. Thomas' cardioplegia +/- 1 mu mol/L HOE 694 followed by 50 minutes' normothermic (37 degrees C) global ischemia. Intracellular sodium accumulation was continuously measured using triple quantum filtered Na-23 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy without chemical shift reagents. Hemodynamic variables were assessed before and after ischemia, Results. The addition of 1 mu mol/L HOE 694 to St. Thomas' cardioplegic solution (n = 5) attenuated the accumulation of intracellular sodium after 50 minutes' ischemia (160.5% +/- 9.1% versus 203.4% +/- 10.9% [mean +/- standard error] HOE 694 versus control, respectively; p = 0.014) and after the initial reperfusion period (first 30 minutes) (258.7% +/- 10.2% versus 335.9% +/- 10.3%; p = 0.008). HOE 694-treated hearts showed significantly improved postischemic recovery of left ventricular developed pressure (53.5% +/- 8.4% versus 26.4% +/- 6.6%; p = 0.036) and rate-pressure product (40.2% +/- 6.9% versus 13.2% +/- 5%; p = 0.014). Postischemic recovery of coronary flow was not significantly different between the two groups (68.6% +/- 5.9% versus 55.5% +/- 4.6%, HOE 694 versus control, respectively; p = 0.11). Conclusions. The addition of 1 mu mol/L HOE 694 to cardioplegic solution attenuates the increase of intracellular sodium during myocardial ischemia and early reperfusion. This is coupled with an improved recovery of contractile function, possibly as a result of decreased sodium and calcium overload of ischemic myocardium. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, CTR FUNCT IMAGING, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. RP Choy, IO (reprint author), CHILDRENS HOSP OAKLAND, DIV CARDIOTHORAC SURG, 747 52ND ST, OAKLAND, CA 94609 USA. RI Schepkin, Victor/A-1245-2007 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL07367-18, HL25840-15] NR 27 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0003-4975 J9 ANN THORAC SURG JI Ann. Thorac. Surg. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 64 IS 1 BP 94 EP 99 DI 10.1016/S0003-4975(97)00245-2 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Respiratory System; Surgery SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Respiratory System; Surgery GA XM765 UT WOS:A1997XM76500017 PM 9236341 ER PT J AU Stols, L Donnelly, MI AF Stols, L Donnelly, MI TI Production of succinic acid through overexpression of NAD(+)-dependent malic enzyme in an Escherichia coli mutant SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANAEROBIOSPIRILLUM-SUCCINICIPRODUCENS; ASCARIS-SUUM; DEHYDROGENASE; BACTERIA; GROWTH AB NAD(+)-dependent malic enzyme was cloned from the Escherichia coli genome by PCR based on the published partial sequence of the gene. The enzyme was overexpressed and purified to near homogeneity in two chromatographic steps and was analyzed kinetically in the forward and reverse directions, The K-m values determined in the presence of saturating cofactor and manganese ion were 0.26 mM for malate (physiological direction) and 16 mM for pyruvate (reverse direction). When malic enzyme was induced under appropriate culture conditions in a strain of E. coli that was unable to ferment glucose and accumulated pyruvate, fermentative metabolism of glucose was restored. Succinic acid was the major fermentation product formed. When this fermentation was performed in the presence of hydrogen, the yield of succinic acid increased. The constructed pathway represents an alternative metabolic route for the fermentative production of dicarboxylic acids from renewable feedstocks. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM RES,ARGONNE,IL 60439. NR 27 TC 137 Z9 153 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 63 IS 7 BP 2695 EP 2701 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA XJ182 UT WOS:A1997XJ18200032 PM 9212416 ER PT J AU Sadana, A VoDinh, T AF Sadana, A VoDinh, T TI Antibody-antigen binding kinetics - A model for multivalency antibodies for large antigen systems SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antigen-antibody binding; immunosensor; binding kinetics; biosensor; polycyclic-aromatic compounds (PACs) ID IMMOBILIZED ANTIBODY; EXTERNAL DIFFUSION; FRACTAL ANALYSIS; FLUOROIMMUNOSENSOR; IMMUNOSENSORS; BIOSENSOR AB This work presents a theoretical analysis of the influence of multivalency of antigen on external mass transfer-limited binding kinetics to divalent antibody for biosensor applications to polycyclic-aromatic systems. Both cases are considered wherein the antigen is in solution and the antibody is either covalently or noncovalently attached to a cylindrical fiber-optic biosensor, and the antibody is in solution and the antigen is attached to the surface. Both single-step and dual-step binding processes are considered. The rate of attachment of antigen to antibody (or vice versa) is linear for the valencies (or reaction orders) analyzed in the time frame (100 min) considered. The rate of attainment of saturation levels of antigen or antibody in solution close to the surface is very rapid (within 20 min). An increase in the valency of the antigen in solution has the effect of decreasing the order of reaction (for valency, nu greater than or equal to 1). An increase in the number of steps increases the order of reaction, as expected. An increase in the valency of the antigen in solution decreases the saturation level of the antigen close to the surface and the rate of antigen attachment to the antibody on the surface for all Damkohler numbers. A decrease in the diffusional limitations decreases the effect of valency (or reaction order) on saturation levels of c(s)/c(0) Nondimensional plots presented in the analysis help extend the analysis to different antigen-antibody systems. An increase in the valency of the antibody in solution has the effect of increasing the order of reaction (for nu greater than or equal to 2). The effects in this case are reverse to those described earlier. For valency greater than 2, the reaction order is dependent on the antigen valency, whether it is in solution or immobilized on the surface. The general analysis presented here should be applicable to most surface reactions that involve Ligand-receptor binding wherein multiple-binding sites are involved on either the receptor or the ligand. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,ADV MONITORING DEV GRP,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. UNIV MISSISSIPPI,DEPT CHEM ENGN,UNIVERSITY,MS 38677. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 67 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 22 DI 10.1007/BF02787837 PG 22 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA XY762 UT WOS:A1997XY76200001 PM 9382485 ER PT J AU Pauwels, H Fouillac, C Goff, F Vuataz, FD AF Pauwels, H Fouillac, C Goff, F Vuataz, FD TI The isotopic and chemical composition of CO2-rich thermal waters in the Mont-Dore region (Massif-Central, France) SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MINERAL EQUILIBRIA; GEOTHERMAL WATERS; ROCK INTERACTIONS; LOW-TEMPERATURE; VALLES-CALDERA; NEW-ZEALAND; NEW-MEXICO; CHEMISTRY; ICELAND; SPRINGS AB Chemical and isotope compositions of fluid samples, collected between 1974 and 1986 from 52 springs or shallow boreholes located in the Mont-Dore region (Massif Central, France), were examined. Some springs and wells were sampled several times during this period. The fluids emerge from Quaternary volcanic rocks or Paleozoic granite at temperatures between 4 and 62 degrees C, and the origin of the H2O is meteoric. The waters can be classified into three groups: bicarbonate fluids, mixed bicarbonate-chloride fluids (with a mineralization up to 8 g/l), and acid-sulfate fluids. Only two fluids contain sufficient Cl- to be considered as 'mature' waters. Previous work has demonstrated that they all contain partly mantle-derived CO2 gas, and that the CO2-rich gas phase and bicarbonate-chloride waters are separated at substantial depth. Mineralized fluids circulate at depth and undergo several processes, such as cooling or dilution with recent freshwater, during their ascent to the surface. Therefore, the CO2-rich gas phase can be partly dissolved in the freshwater, or in deep fluids after their dilution. This process leads to the dissolution of surrounding rocks; such dissolution is discussed on the basis of major-element concentrations (Na, K, Ca, Mg), as well as the Sr 87/86 isotope ratio. Dissolution of S-bearing minerals has also been demonstrated. The presence of the CO2-rich gas phase also leads to isotope exchange between CO2 and H2O. Some mineralized fluids are less affected by these processes than others, in which case they display the chemical and isotopic characteristics of the original deep fluids. It was shown that the applicability of geothermometer calculations for these waters is hampered by several processes that modify the chemical composition. However, some geothermometers can be used for estimating the temperature of the deep fluids using the chemical composition of the less modified fluids. They indicate that fluids emerging from volcanic rocks in the Dordogne valley reach temperatures of around 100- 130 degrees C at depth, while the temperature of the fluid that issues from the granite at Saint-Nectaire is 160-175 degrees C at depth. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV EARTH & ENVIRONM SCI,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. UNIV NEUCHATEL,CTR HYDROGEOL,CH-2007 NEUCHATEL,SWITZERLAND. RP Pauwels, H (reprint author), BUR RECH GEOL & MINIERES,DIV RES,BP 6009,F-45060 ORLEANS 2,FRANCE. NR 57 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 12 IS 4 BP 411 EP 427 DI 10.1016/S0883-2927(97)00010-3 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA XP477 UT WOS:A1997XP47700006 ER PT J AU Sharan, M Kansa, EJ Gupta, S AF Sharan, M Kansa, EJ Gupta, S TI Application of the multiquadric method for numerical solution of elliptic partial differential equations SO APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article ID POSITIVE DEFINITE FUNCTIONS; SCATTERED DATA; INTERPOLATION AB We have used the multiquadric (MQ) approximation scheme for the solution of elliptic partial differential equations with Dirichlet and/or Neumann boundary conditions. The scheme has the advantage of using the data points in arbitrary locations with an arbitrary ordering. Two-dimensional Laplace, Poisson, and biharmonic equations describing the various physical processes have been taken as the test examples. The agreement is found to be very good between the computed and exact solutions. The method also provides an excellent approximation with a curved boundary. (C) Elsevier Science Inc., 1997. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,ENVIRONM SCI PROGRAM DIRECTORATE,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. GOVT GIRLS SENIOR SECONDARY SCH 1,NEW DELHI,INDIA. RP Sharan, M (reprint author), INDIAN INST TECHNOL,CTR ATMOSPHER SCI,HAUZ KHAS,NEW DELHI 110016,INDIA. NR 36 TC 90 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0096-3003 J9 APPL MATH COMPUT JI Appl. Math. Comput. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 84 IS 2-3 BP 275 EP 302 DI 10.1016/S0096-3003(96)00109-9 PG 28 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA XC787 UT WOS:A1997XC78700013 ER PT J AU Chen, CI Taylor, RT AF Chen, CI Taylor, RT TI Thermophilic biodegradation of BTEX by two consortia of anaerobic bacteria SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SULFATE-REDUCING CONDITIONS; ARVILLA MT-2; DEGRADATION; TOLUENE; XYLENE; OIL; RESERVOIRS; METABOLISM; OXIDATION; PATHWAY AB Two thermophilic anaerobic bacterial consortia (ALK-1 and LLNL-1), capable of degrading the aromatic fuel hydrocarbons, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and the xylenes (BTEX compounds), were developed at 60 degrees C from the produced water of ARCO'S Kuparuk oil field at Alaska and the subsurface water at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory gasoline-spill site respectively. Both consortia were found to grow at 45-75 degrees C on BTEX compounds as their sole carbon and energy sources with 50 degrees C being the optimal temperature. With 3.5 mg total BTEX added to sealed 50-ml serum bottles, which contained 30 mi mineral salts medium and the consortium, benzene, toluene, ethylbenze, m-xylene, and an unresolved mixture of o- and p-xylenes were biodegraded by 22%, 38%, 42%, 40%, and 38%, respectively, by ALK-1 after 14 days of incubation at 50 degrees C. Somewhat lower, but significant, percentages of the BTEX com; pounds also were biodegraded at 60 degrees C and 70 degrees C. The extent of biodegradation of these BTEX compounds by LLNL-1 at each of these three temperatures was slightly less than that achieved by ALK-1. Use of [ring-C-14]toluene in the BTEX mixture incubated at 50 degrees C verified that 41% and 31% of the biodegraded toluene was metabolized within 14 days to water-soluble products by ALK-1 and LLNL-1, respectively. A small fraction of it was mineralized to (CO2)-C-14. The use of[U-C-14]benzene revealed that 2.6%-4.3% of the biodegraded benzene was metabolized at 50 degrees C to water-soluble products by the two consortia; however, no mineralization of the degraded [U-C-14]benzene to (CO2)-C-14 was observed. The biodegradation of BTEX at all three temperatures by both consortia was tightly coupled to sulfate reduction as well as H2S generation. None was observed when sulfate was omitted from the serum bottles. This suggests that sulfate-reducing bacteria are most likely responsible for the observed thermophilic biodegradation of BTEX in both consortial cultures. RP Chen, CI (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,GEOSCI & ENVIRONM TECHNOL PROGRAM,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 27 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 48 IS 1 BP 121 EP 128 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA XQ289 UT WOS:A1997XQ28900022 PM 9274054 ER PT J AU Hill, SC Barnes, MD Whitten, WB Ramsey, JM AF Hill, SC Barnes, MD Whitten, WB Ramsey, JM TI Collection of fluorescence from single molecules in microspheres: Effects of illumination geometry SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE fluorescence; single molecule detection; counterpropagating waves; spheres ID SPONTANEOUS-EMISSION RATES; LEVITATED MICRODROPLETS; DIELECTRIC PARTICLES; SPHERICAL-PARTICLE; LIGHT-SCATTERING; SPHERES; SURFACE; MICROPARTICLE; RHODAMINE-6G; SUPPRESSION AB The collection of fluorescence from a molecule inside a sphere illuminated with single or counterpropagating plane waves is modeled. The results are applicable to microdroplet-based single molecule detection techniques and to some microparticle characterization techniques using inelastic emission. The large position-dependent variations in the fluorescence collection rate are primarily attributable to variations in the excitation intensity. With plane-wave illumination the collection from shadow regions is low because the incident energy is refracted by the droplet surface away from these regions. The average collection rate from molecules in shadow regions can be increased by illuminating with counterpropagating beams. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Hill, SC (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,2800 POWDER MILL RD,ADELPHI,MD 20783, USA. NR 42 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 1 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 19 BP 4425 EP 4437 DI 10.1364/AO.36.004425 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA XJ185 UT WOS:A1997XJ18500014 PM 18259232 ER PT J AU Miller, DG AF Miller, DG TI Diffusion coefficients and l(ij) for aqueous CsCl: Comments on the paper by Chakrabarti ''Cation diffusion coefficients in CsCl-H2O system over the concentration range 0.009-10.00 mol.dm(-3) at 25 degrees C'' SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Letter RP Miller, DG (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 808,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 48 IS 7 BP 1021 EP 1022 DI 10.1016/S0969-8043(97)00027-4 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA XT412 UT WOS:A1997XT41200024 ER PT J AU Mao, XL Chan, WT Russo, RE AF Mao, XL Chan, WT Russo, RE TI Influence of sample surface condition on chemical analysis using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE laser ablation; direct solid sampling; inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy; laser-induced plasma ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOLID SAMPLES; VAPORIZATION; DEPOSITION; REMOVAL; GLASS AB The influence of sample surface condition on chemical analysis was investigated when using laser ablation sampling with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), The ablated mass quantity and composition were found to be significantly different from original vs, pre-ablated surfaces. The ablated mass quantity from original surfaces was much greater than that from pre-ablated surfaces, and the ablation rate (mass per unit area and time) was constant or independent of power density below 0.3 GW/cm(2). For pre-ablated surfaces, the mass ablation rate follows exponential behavior in the same power density region. The measured composition of the ablated mass was found to be dependent on the surface condition and laser power density, for both original and pre-ablated surfaces. Understanding the influence of laser energy and surface conditions on mass ablation is essential for accurate and precise chemical analysis. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 31 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 51 IS 7 BP 1047 EP 1054 DI 10.1366/0003702971941476 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA XP068 UT WOS:A1997XP06800023 ER PT J AU Alcock, C Allsman, RA Alves, D Axelrod, TS Becker, AC Bennett, DP Cook, KH Freeman, KC Griest, K Lacy, CHS Lehner, MJ Marshall, SL Minniti, D Peterson, BA Pratt, MR Quinn, PJ Rodgers, AW Stubbs, CW Sutherland, W Welch, DL AF Alcock, C Allsman, RA Alves, D Axelrod, TS Becker, AC Bennett, DP Cook, KH Freeman, KC Griest, K Lacy, CHS Lehner, MJ Marshall, SL Minniti, D Peterson, BA Pratt, MR Quinn, PJ Rodgers, AW Stubbs, CW Sutherland, W Welch, DL TI The MACHO Project LMC variable star inventory .5. Classification and orbits of 611 eclipsing binary stars SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD; CCD PHOTOMETRY AB We report the characteristics of 611 eclipsing binary stars in the Large Megallanic Cloud found by using the MACHO Project photometry database. The sample is magnitude limited, and extends down the main sequence to about spectral type A0. Many evolved binaries are also included. Each eclipsing binary is classified according to the traditional scheme of the General Catalogue of Variable Stars (EA and EB), and also according to a new decimal classification scheme defined in this paper. The new scheme is sensitive to the two major sources of variance in eclipsing binary star light curves-the sum of radii, and the surface-brightness ratio, and allow greater precision in characterizing the light curves. Examples of each type of light curve and their variations are given. Sixty-four of the eclipsing binaries have eccentric, rather than circular, orbits. The ephemeris and principal photometric characteristics of each eclipsing binary are listed in a table. Photometric orbits based on the Nelson-Davis-Etzel model have been fitted to all light curves. These data will be useful for planning future observations of these binaries. Plots of till data and fitted orbits and a table of the fitted orbital parameters are available on the AAS CD-ROM series, Vol. 9, 1997. These data are also available at the MACHO home page (http://wwwmacho.mcmaster.ca/). (C) 1997 American Astronomical Society. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,CTR PARTICLE ASTROPHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720. AUSTRALIAN NATL UNIV,SUPERCOMPUT FACIL,CANBERRA,ACT 0200,AUSTRALIA. AUSTRALIAN NATL UNIV,MT STROMLO & SIDING SPRING OBSERV,WESTON,ACT 2611,AUSTRALIA. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT PHYS,SAN DIEGO,CA 92093. UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,DEPT PHYS,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT ASTRON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT PHYS,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV OXFORD,DEPT PHYS,OXFORD OX1 3RH,ENGLAND. MCMASTER UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,HAMILTON,ON L8S 4M1,CANADA. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT PHYS,DAVIS,CA 95616. EUROPEAN SO OBSERV,D-85748 GARCHING,GERMANY. UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT PHYS,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. RP Alcock, C (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. RI Stubbs, Christopher/C-2829-2012; Quinn, Peter/B-3638-2013; OI Stubbs, Christopher/0000-0003-0347-1724; Lehner, Matthew/0000-0003-4077-0985 NR 22 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 1 BP 326 EP 340 DI 10.1086/118477 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XH226 UT WOS:A1997XH22600032 ER PT J AU Moller, P Nix, JR Kratz, KL AF Moller, P Nix, JR Kratz, KL TI Nuclear properties for astrophysical and radioactive-ion-beam applications SO ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES LA English DT Article ID BETA-STRENGTH FUNCTIONS; ATOMIC MASS EVALUATION; R-PROCESS; EXOTIC NUCLEI; MODEL; STABILITY; DECAY; FORMULA; NEUTRON; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS AB We tabulate the ground-state odd-proton and odd-neutron spins and parities, proton and neutron pairing gaps, total binding energy, one-and two-neutron separation energies, quantities related to beta-delayed one-and two-neutron emission probabilities, beta-decay energy release and half-life with respect to Gamow-Teller decay, one-and two-proton separation energies, and alpha-decay energy release and half-life for 8979 nuclei ranging from O-16 to (339)136 and extending from the proton drip line to the neutron drip line. Single-particle level diagrams and other quantities are also presented in graphical form. The starting point of our present work is a study of nuclear ground-state masses and deformations based on the finite-range droplet model and folded-Yukawa single-particle potential published in a previous issue of ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES [59, 185 (1995)]. The beta-delayed neutron-emission probabilities and Gamow-Teller beta-decay rates are obtained from a quasi-particle random-phase approximation with single-particle levels and wave functions at the calculated nuclear ground-state shapes as input quantities. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 UNIV AIZU,CTR MATH SCI,AIZU WAKAMATSU,FUKUSHIMA 96580,JAPAN. UNIV MAINZ,INST KERNCHEM,D-55099 MAINZ,GERMANY. RP Moller, P (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 85 TC 936 Z9 951 U1 4 U2 32 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0092-640X J9 ATOM DATA NUCL DATA JI Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables PD JUL PY 1997 VL 66 IS 2 BP 131 EP 343 DI 10.1006/adnd.1997.0746 PG 213 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA XV702 UT WOS:A1997XV70200001 ER PT J AU Kennamer, RA Alsum, SK Colwell, SV AF Kennamer, RA Alsum, SK Colwell, SV TI Composition of wood duck eggs in relation to egg size, laying sequence, and skipped days of laying SO AUK LA English DT Article ID BOAT-TAILED GRACKLE; LESSER SNOW GOOSE; AMERICAN COOTS; CLUTCH SIZE; INTRACLUTCH VARIATION; NUTRIENT RESERVES; GREAT TIT; SUCCESS; GEESE; REPRODUCTION AB We collected 138 freshly laid Wood Duck (Air sponsa) eggs from 13 nests to determine the effects of egg size, laying sequence, and skipped laying days on egg composition. All components except yolk ash and eggshell, both wet and dry, increased in direct proportion to fresh-egg mass. Egg size increased during the first half of laying and decreased thereafter. The effects of laying sequence were component-specific. Absolute levels of neutral lipids (comprising 65.6% of dry yolk) were near average until about 75% of the clutch was completed and then declined. Mass of albumen components tended to increase sharply with the first few eggs and then decrease as laying progressed. Fat indices (egg lipid/lean dry-egg content) tended to be highest in the first 40% of the clutch. We interpret laying-sequence effects on egg composition as adaptations that enable female Wood Ducks to initiate incubation before clutch completion and still allow for synchronous hatching without compromising the hatching success of first-laid eggs. Hens frequently skipped a laying day between the penultimate and ultimate egg, which tended to increase the mass of the yolk component in last-laid eggs compared with those that were laid the day following the penultimate egg. RP Kennamer, RA (reprint author), SAVANNAH RIVER ECOL LAB,DRAWER E,AIKEN,SC 29802, USA. NR 54 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 BP 479 EP 487 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA XM886 UT WOS:A1997XM88600015 ER PT J AU Young, KD Ozguner, U AF Young, KD Ozguner, U TI Sliding-mode design for robust linear optimal control SO AUTOMATICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International-Federation-of-Automatic-Control World Congress CY JUN 30-JUL 05, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Int Federat Automat Control DE automotive control; linear optimal control; sliding mode; sliding-mode control; uncertain dynamic systems; variable-structure control AB In this paper we introduce a robust control design method for solving linear optimal control problems with fixed terminal time and fixed terminal constraints. We propose the use of a sliding mode, and introduce a new manifold design approach, since the existing approaches do not adequately address the above class of problems. The class of time-varying sliding-mode manifolds introduced is shown to result in control designs optimal with respect to quadratic cost defined over a finite time interval. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV, DEPT ELECT ENGN, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA. RP LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, POB 808, L-471, LIVERMORE, CA 94551 USA. RI Ozguner, Umit/A-4523-2008 NR 11 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0005-1098 EI 1873-2836 J9 AUTOMATICA JI Automatica PD JUL PY 1997 VL 33 IS 7 BP 1313 EP 1323 DI 10.1016/S0005-1098(97)00051-4 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA XP933 UT WOS:A1997XP93300007 ER PT J AU Lobysheva, II Serezhenkov, VA Stucan, RA Bowman, MK Vanin, AF AF Lobysheva, II Serezhenkov, VA Stucan, RA Bowman, MK Vanin, AF TI Redox reactions and stability of dinitrosyl iron complexes with thiolate ligands as potential donors and carriers of nitric oxide SO BIOCHEMISTRY-MOSCOW LA English DT Article DE glutathione; nitric oxide; EPR of iron complexes; redox properties of nitrosyl products ID SERUM-ALBUMIN; NITROSYLS; ELECTRON AB The effect of free thiols on the redox properties and stability of monomeric al-td dimeric forms of dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNIC) with cysteine and glutathione under aerobic and anaerobic conditions has been studied. DNIC containing cysteine and glutathione are dimeric in solutions at low concentration of free thiols and monomeric when the iron/thiol ratio is lower than 1:20. Dimerization has been shown to affect redox properties of DNIC. Optical spectra of dimeric and monomeric forms undergo similar changes after DNIC reduction with sodium dithionite. Absorption maxima at 310 and 360 nm characteristic for dimeric forms of DNIC disappear and two bands at 460 and 660 nm are observed. Formation of a new band at 570 nm following the disappearance of these bands in dimeric forms is characterized with k = (3.4 +/- 0.5).10(-3) sec(-1). The formation of this complex is not revealed for monomers. The stability of the initial and reduced complexes has been studied by EPR and Mossbauer spectroscopy. It is shown to be determined essentially by anionic ligands. Reduction of the complex does not affect its stability under aerobic conditions. The intermediate complexes formed under aerobic conditions at low concentrations of sodium dithionite are less stable, however a reduced dimeric form characterized by an absorption band at 570 nm is as stable as the initial form. The study revealed that DNIC stability in the body is strongly dependent on the concentration of free thiol groups, the redox potential of the environment, and oxygen concentration. Thus it can regulate release and accumulation of nitric oxide in tissues. C1 PNNL, ENVIRONM MOL SCI LAB, RICHLAND, WA USA. RP Lobysheva, II (reprint author), RUSSIAN ACAD SCI, INST CHEM PHYS, UL KOSYGINA 4, MOSCOW 117977, RUSSIA. RI Bowman, Michael/F-4265-2011; Vanin, Anatoly/I-1069-2016 OI Bowman, Michael/0000-0003-3464-9409; Vanin, Anatoly/0000-0001-8392-4601 NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA CONSULTANTS BUREAU, 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0006-2979 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-MOSCOW+ JI Biochem.-Moscow PD JUL PY 1997 VL 62 IS 7 BP 801 EP 808 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA XZ724 UT WOS:A1997XZ72400017 ER PT J AU Riitters, KH ONeill, RV Jones, KB AF Riitters, KH ONeill, RV Jones, KB TI Assessing habitat suitability at multiple scales: A landscape-level approach SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE landscape ecology; wildlife habitat; spatial statistics; risk assessment and scale ID FOREST FRAGMENTATION; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY; BIODIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES; DISTURBANCE; EXTINCTION; MODEL; PATCH AB The distribution and abundance of many plants and animals are influenced by the spatial arrangement of suitable habitats across landscapes. We derived habitat maps from a digital land cover map of the similar to 178,000 km(2) Chesapeake Bay Watershed by using a spatial filtering algorithm. The regional amounts and patterns of habitats were different far species which occur in 'woody', 'herbaceous', and 'woody-edge' habitats. Habitat for finer-scale species (similar to 5 ha home ranges) was twice as abundant and move evenly distributed than habitat for coarser-scale species (similar to 410 ha home ranges) in a 11,000 km(2) sub-region. Potential impacts of land cover changes on habitats in different parts of the region were assessed by the frequency distributions of habitat suitability for smaller (similar to 3000 km(2)) embedded watersheds. The methods described in this paper can be applied to several scales of digital land cover data, and used to derive multiple-scale habitat suitabilities for a number of species or guilds. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. US EPA,CHARACTERIZAT RES DIV,NATL EXPOSURE RES LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89119. RP Riitters, KH (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,ENVIRONM RES CTR,17 RIDGEWAY RD,NORRIS,TN 37828, USA. NR 40 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 81 IS 1-2 BP 191 EP 202 DI 10.1016/S0006-3207(96)00145-0 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XC290 UT WOS:A1997XC29000020 ER PT J AU Stokes, DL Sepaniak, MJ VoDinh, T AF Stokes, DL Sepaniak, MJ VoDinh, T TI Development of a new capillary electrophoresis-based fibre optic sensor SO BIOMEDICAL CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID BENZOPYRENE METABOLITE; ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS; FIBERS AB A new fluorescence-based fibre optic sensor is described which combines the sensitivity offered by laser-induced fluorescence with the selectivity offered by capillary electrophoresis (CE). A single optical fibre directly probes the terminus of a 5-8 cm separation capillary, The linear geometry associated with this sensor necessitates a 'single reservoir' design, thus presenting major challenges to overcome in comparison to the conventional two- reservoir configuration common to a typical laboratory setup, Some of the challenges confronted by the design features presented in this work include the reduction of gravity-driven hydrostatic flow, the ejection of cleotrolytic gases evolved at the detection-side electrode and the establishment a suitable compromise between detectability and separation performance, The success of such design features demonstrates the feasibility of a CE-based sensor which offers several amenities particularly useful for in situ sensing, Such attributes include selectivity, diminutive size, flexibility, reusability, high sensitivity, speed, and remote control, Detailed descriptions of sensor fabrication are included, including two variations on a general design concept. In addition, the single-fibre optical detection system Is described. Separation characteristics of the new CE-based sensor are presented, highlighted by an observed separation efficiency of up to 8000 theoretical plates (for a 5 cm capillary), The separation of a three component mixture of the laser dyes, Rhodamine 6G, fluorescein isothyocyanate and sodium fluorescein, is demonstrated. (C) 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE, DEPT CHEM, KNOXVILLE, TN 37996 USA. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, DIV HLTH SCI, ADV MONITORING DEV GRP, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0269-3879 EI 1099-0801 J9 BIOMED CHROMATOGR JI Biomed. Chromatogr. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 11 IS 4 BP 187 EP 192 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA XN775 UT WOS:A1997XN77500001 PM 9256994 ER PT J AU Rithidech, KN Dunn, JJ Gordon, CR AF Rithidech, KN Dunn, JJ Gordon, CR TI Combining multiplex and touchdown PCR to screen murine microsatellite polymorphisms SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; AMPLIFICATION; POLYMERASE RP Rithidech, KN (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT MED,BLDG 490,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 11 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD JUL PY 1997 VL 23 IS 1 BP 36 EP & PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA XK261 UT WOS:A1997XK26100006 PM 9232223 ER PT J AU Rege, MA Petersen, JN Johnstone, DL Turick, CE Yonge, DR Apel, WA AF Rege, MA Petersen, JN Johnstone, DL Turick, CE Yonge, DR Apel, WA TI Bacterial reduction of hexavalent chromium by Enterobacter cloacae strain HO1 grown on sucrose SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHROMATE; REMOVAL AB Chromium(VI) was reduced by Enterobacter cloacae strain HO1 grown with sucrose as a carbon source and nitrate as the initial terminal electron acceptor. Under excess substrate conditions, the Cr(VI) concentration, initially at 5 and 10 mg/l, was reduced to less than 100 mu g/l. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,CTR MULTIPHASE ENVIRONM RES,PULLMAN,WA 99164. IDAHO NATL ENGN & ENVIRONM LAB,DEPT BIOTECHNOL,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415. RI Petersen, James/B-8924-2008 NR 8 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 3 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 19 IS 7 BP 691 EP 694 DI 10.1023/A:1018355318821 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA XJ648 UT WOS:A1997XJ64800022 ER PT J AU AsokaKumar, P AF AsokaKumar, P TI Studies of defects in the near-surface region and at interfaces using low energy positron beams SO BULLETIN OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Defects in Condensed Media CY SEP 20-22, 1995 CL KALPAKKAM, INDIA SP Indira Gandhi Ctr Atom Res, Board Res Nucl Sci, Dept Atom Energy, Inter Univ Consortium, DAE Facil, Indian Phys Assoc, Mat Res Soc India DE defects; positron beams ID MONOENERGETIC POSITRONS; POINT-DEFECTS; THIN-FILMS; EPITAXY; SI; ANNIHILATION AB Positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) is a powerful probe to study open-volume defects in solids. Its success is due to the propensity of positrons to seek out low-density regions of a solid, such as vacancies and voids, and the emissions of gamma rays from their annihilations that carry information about the local electronic environment. The development of low-energy positron beams allows probing of defects to depths of few microns, and can successfully characterize defects in the near-surface and interface regions of several technologically important systems. This review focuses on recent studies conducted on semiconductor-based systems. RP AsokaKumar, P (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT PHYS,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INDIAN ACADEMY SCIENCES PI BANGALORE PA P B 8005 C V RAMAN AVENUE, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0250-4707 J9 B MATER SCI JI Bull. Mat. Sci. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 20 IS 4 BP 391 EP 399 DI 10.1007/BF02744747 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA XR210 UT WOS:A1997XR21000004 ER PT J AU Marsh, G AF Marsh, G TI The swords of Armageddon - Hansen,C SO BULLETIN OF THE ATOMIC SCIENTISTS LA English DT Book Review RP Marsh, G (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDUC FOUNDATION NUCLEAR SCI PI CHICAGO PA 6042 SOUTH KIMBARK, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0096-3402 J9 B ATOM SCI JI Bull. Atom. Scient. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 53 IS 4 BP 54 EP & PG 2 WC International Relations; Social Issues SC International Relations; Social Issues GA XH234 UT WOS:A1997XH23400018 ER PT J AU Lees, S Capel, M Hukins, DWL Mook, HA AF Lees, S Capel, M Hukins, DWL Mook, HA TI Effect of sodium chloride solutions on mineralized and unmineralized turkey leg tendon SO CALCIFIED TISSUE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE collagen; saline solutions; X-ray diffraction; neutron diffraction; equatorial diffraction spacing ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; BONE AB Previous studies showed that the equatorial diffraction spacing of the collagen molecules in mineralized tissues decreases when the tissue is dried and that the spacing in totally dried tissue is about the same (1.1 nm) whether mineralized or not. Here we report that spacing decreases were observed in both mineralized and unmineralized turkey leg tendon after soaking in various sodium chloride solutions up to 4.0 M concentration. The effect was seen by X-ray diffraction as well as by neutron diffraction. No effect was seen in turkey leg tendon soaked in 3.0 M ethylene glycol solution. The spacing in unmineralized tissue decreased from 1.459 +/- 0.011 nn in 0.15 M saline to 1.403 +/- 0.025 nm in 1.5 M saline, a change of 0.056 +/- 0.03 nm or 3.84%. In mineralized turkey leg tendon the corresponding spacings were 1.387 +/- 0.012 and 1.321 +/- 0.019 nm, a change of 0.046 +/- 0.02 nm or 3.4%. No significant dimensional change was noted in the thickness even though the equatorial diffraction spacing decreased by 3.4%. Electron microscopy showed the collagen fibrils within the mineralized turkey leg tendon to be surrounded by highly mineralized material, Presumably the composition of the extrafibrillar material is different from the intrafibrillar and therefore the extrafibrillar material is a different kind of composite. if it is assumed that the extrafibrillar material does not change dimensions significantly, then the collagen molecules in the fibrils can be mobile within the dimensionally stable cage-like structure. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. UNIV ABERDEEN,DEPT BIOMED PHYS & BIOENGN,ABERDEEN AB9 2ZD,SCOTLAND. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV SOLID STATE,OAK RIDGE,TN 37830. RP Lees, S (reprint author), FORSYTH DENT CTR,140 FENWAY,BOSTON,MA 02115, USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0171-967X J9 CALCIFIED TISSUE INT JI Calcif. Tissue Int. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 61 IS 1 BP 74 EP 76 DI 10.1007/s002239900298 PG 3 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA XE921 UT WOS:A1997XE92100017 PM 9192518 ER PT J AU Lehmann, L Greulich, KM Zitzelsberger, H Negele, T Spelsberg, F Bauchinger, M Weier, HUG AF Lehmann, L Greulich, KM Zitzelsberger, H Negele, T Spelsberg, F Bauchinger, M Weier, HUG TI Cytogenetic and molecular genetic characterization of a chromosome 2 rearrangement in a case of human papillary thyroid carcinoma with radiation history SO CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS LA English DT Article ID RET ONCOGENE ACTIVATION; TYROSINE KINASE; CANCER STATISTICS; HYBRIDIZATION; PROTOONCOGENE; PTC; MICROSCOPY; FUSION; ALPHA AB Karyotype analysis of a primary culture from a case of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) showed an abnormal short arm of one homologue of chromosome 2 as sole abnormality in 4 of 16 metaphases. Based on G-banding analysis, two different aberration types on chromosome 2 could be assumed representing either a del(2)(p22-23) or a pericentric inversion. Further comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analysis as well as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis were performed to confirm the assumed alterations. While CGH analysis showed no loss of chromosome 2 material, FISH with yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) probes homologous to the region 2p22-23 demonstrated two pericentric inversions of chromosome 2 involving different breakpoints on 2p in 6.8% and 4.2% of the metaphases, respectively. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis with degenerated oligonucleotide primers that bind within the conserved catalytic domain of tyrosine kinase (tk) genes resulted in amplification products with DNA of YAC 851D11 suggesting the presence of such genes at or near the translocation breakpoint. (C) Elsevier Science Inc., 1997. C1 GSF MUNICH,NATL RES CTR ENVIRONM & HLTH,INST RADIOBIOL,MUNICH,GERMANY. UNIV MUNICH,INST RADIAT BIOL,MUNICH,GERMANY. MARTHA MARIA KRANKENHAUS,MUNICH,GERMANY. LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA. NR 35 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0165-4608 J9 CANCER GENET CYTOGEN JI Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. PD JUL 1 PY 1997 VL 96 IS 1 BP 30 EP 36 DI 10.1016/S0165-4608(96)00279-8 PG 7 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity GA XH258 UT WOS:A1997XH25800007 PM 9209467 ER PT J AU Salzberg, S Hyman, T Turm, H Kinar, Y Schwartz, Y Nir, U Lejbkowicz, F Huberman, E AF Salzberg, S Hyman, T Turm, H Kinar, Y Schwartz, Y Nir, U Lejbkowicz, F Huberman, E TI Ectopic expression of 2-5A synthetase in myeloid cells induces growth arrest and facilitates the appearance of a myeloid differentiation marker SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; 2'-5' OLIGOADENYLATE SYNTHETASE; CYTOKINE RECEPTOR SUPERFAMILY; PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA-CELLS; MURINE SARCOMA-VIRUS; MYC MESSENGER-RNA; GENE-EXPRESSION; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; INTERFERON-ALPHA; DAUDI CELLS AB Two variants of the human myeloid leukemia cell line HL-60 were used to study the possible involvement of the IFN-induced protein 2-5A synthetase in cell growth arrest and differentiation. The two variants, HL-205 and HL-525, are equally susceptible to differentiation to the granulocyte lineage by exposure to DMSO, but only HL-205 cells acquire the macrophage phenotype following exposure to phorbol esters. The kinetics of 2-5A synthetase activity was established in both variants exposed to either DMSO or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. With DMSO treatment, 2-5A synthetase activity was markedly induced in both variants, although with slightly different kinetics. With phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate treatment, 2-5A enzymatic activity increased only in HL-205; no activity was detected up to 96 h after treatment in HL-525. The induction of 2-5A synthetase activity is apparently alpha/beta-IFN dependent, because only antibodies directed against a mixture of alpha- and beta-IFN completely abolished the increase in activity detected during differentiation of HL-205 cells. To directly establish the role of 2-5A synthetase in differentiation, HL-205 cells were transfected with an expression vector harboring the cDNA for the 43-kDa isoform of murine 2-5A synthetase fused to the inducible metallothionein promoter. Two clones, clone 6, which yielded a low level of 2-5A synthetase activity in response to ZnCl2 (which activates the promoter), and clone 7, which was a high responder, were further analyzed and compared with the control clone, neo. Reductions in the rates of cell growth and thymidine incorporation were observed with both clone 6 and clone 7 cells exposed to ZnCl2; clone 7 was more responsive. In addition, the level of c-myc-specific RNA transcript tvas greatly reduced in ZnCl2 or beta-IFN-treated clone 7 cells, whereas the neo cells responded similarly only after beta-IFN treatment. Treatment of clone-neo cells with beta-IFN resulted in conversion of pRb protein from the phosphorylated to the underphosphorylated form within 24 h; ZnCl2 had no effect, even after 72 h. In contrast, the accumulation of the underphosphorylated form of pRb was observed in clone 7 cells treated either with beta-IFN or ZnCl2. Finally, a significant increase in nitro blue tetrazolium-positive cells, an indication of differentiation, was evident with ZnCl2-treated clone 6 and clone 7 cells; no such increase was observed with clone-neo cells under similar conditions. We conclude that ectopic expression of 2-5A synthetase in HL-205 cells results in cell growth arrest and facilitates the appearance of a myeloid differentiation marker. C1 RAMBAM MED CTR,INST CLIN IMMUNOL,HAIFA,ISRAEL. ARGONNE NATL LAB,CTR MECHANIST BIOL & BIOTECHNOL,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP Salzberg, S (reprint author), BAR ILAN UNIV,DEPT LIFE SCI,IL-52900 RAMAT GAN,ISRAEL. NR 65 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA PUBLIC LEDGER BLDG, SUITE 816, 150 S. INDEPENDENCE MALL W., PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD JUL 1 PY 1997 VL 57 IS 13 BP 2732 EP 2740 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA XG575 UT WOS:A1997XG57500037 PM 9205084 ER PT J AU Saffer, JD Chen, G Colburn, NH Thurston, SJ AF Saffer, JD Chen, G Colburn, NH Thurston, SJ TI Power frequency magnetic fields do not contribute to transformation of JB6 cells SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article ID ANCHORAGE-INDEPENDENT GROWTH; ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELDS; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; BRAIN-TUMORS; DNA-REPAIR; LEUKEMIA; CANCER; EXPRESSION; PROMOTER AB The potential for power frequency magnetic fields to enhance neoplastic transformation has been investigated in vitro using promotion-sensitive mouse epidermal JB6 cells, In a soft agar assay, 60-Hz magnetic fields of 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, or 1.1 mT flux density did not induce anchorage-independent growth, In addition, these magnetic fields did not enhance tumor promoter-induced transformation showing no increase in the maximum number of transformed colonies and no shift in the dose-response curve. Thus, these data do not support the notion that environmental exposures to magnetic fields contribute to transformation. C1 PACIFIC NW LAB, ENGN & ANALYT SCI DEPT, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NCI, GENE REGULAT SECT, LAB BIOCHEM PHYSIOL, FREDERICK, MD 21702 USA. RP Saffer, JD (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, MOL BIOSCI DEPT, POB 999, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01-ES07122] NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD JUL PY 1997 VL 18 IS 7 BP 1365 EP 1370 DI 10.1093/carcin/18.7.1365 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA XJ972 UT WOS:A1997XJ97200013 PM 9230281 ER PT J AU Nikravesh, M Farell, AE Stanford, TG AF Nikravesh, M Farell, AE Stanford, TG TI Dynamic neural network control for non-linear systems: optimal neural network structure and stability analysis SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE neural networks; model-based control; CSTR; time varying processes; non-linear systems; stability analysis; dynamic neural network control ID MODEL-PREDICTIVE CONTROL; IDENTIFICATION AB Design techniques for non-linear dynamic systems are closely related to their stability properties. Stability results can be used to design a reliable controller. This paper discusses the stability analysis of the dynamic neural network control (DNNC). The results from DNNC stability analysis will be used to define the neural network stability index (NNSI). The NNSI is a practical index which in current form can only be used with DNNC structures. The NNSI can be used to determine the optimal DNNC network structure. In addition, we will provide guidelines for the design of an optimal DNNC network structure for the conventional neural network structure for model-based control strategies. In this study, DNNC will be designed for a non-isothermal CSTR as an example of a wide class of non-linear processes. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 UNIV S CAROLINA,DEPT CHEM ENGN,COLUMBIA,SC 29208. RP Nikravesh, M (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV EARTH SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0923-0467 J9 CHEM ENG J JI Chem. Eng. J. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 68 IS 1 BP 41 EP 50 DI 10.1016/S1385-8947(97)00041-7 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA YF036 UT WOS:A1997YF03600006 ER PT J AU Shollenberger, KA Torczynski, JR Adkins, DR OHern, TJ Jackson, NB AF Shollenberger, KA Torczynski, JR Adkins, DR OHern, TJ Jackson, NB TI Gamma-densitometry tomography of gas holdup spatial distribution in industrial scale bubble columns SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frontiers in Industrial Process Tomography CY OCT 29-NOV 03, 1995 CL SAN LUIS OBISPO, CA SP Engn Fdn, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Engn & Phys Sci Res Council (UK), Natl Sci Fdn, Unilever Res, Port Sunlight, UK, Inst Chem Engineers, Particle Technol Subject Grp DE bubble column; densitometry; gamma; holdup; tomography AB Gamma-densitometry tomography (GDT) experiments have been performed to measure gas holdup spatial variations in two bubble columns: a 0.19 m inside diameter Lucite column and a 0.48 m inside diameter stainless steel vessel. Two-phase air/water flows were examined. Horizontal scans at one vertical position in each column were made for several air flow rates. An axisymmetric tomographic reconstruction algorithm based on the Abel transform has been used to calculate the time-averaged gas holdup radial variation. Integration of these profiles over the column cross section has yielded area-averaged holdup results, which have been compared with volume-averaged gas holdups determined from differential pressure measurements and from the rise in the air/water interface during gas flow. The results agree reasonably well. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ADV ENERGY TECHNOL CTR,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. RP Shollenberger, KA (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,ENGN SCI CTR,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 16 TC 68 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0009-2509 J9 CHEM ENG SCI JI Chem. Eng. Sci. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 52 IS 13 BP 2037 EP 2048 DI 10.1016/S0009-2509(97)00032-8 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA XJ036 UT WOS:A1997XJ03600004 ER PT J AU Trout, BL Chakraborty, AK Bell, AT AF Trout, BL Chakraborty, AK Bell, AT TI Diffusion and reaction in ZSM-5 studied by dynamic Monte Carlo SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ZSM-5; zeolite; diffusion; reaction; lattice; Monte Carlo ID OCCUPANCY ZEOLITE CATALYSTS; 2-COMPONENT DIFFUSION; ONE-COMPONENT; HYDROCARBONS; ADSORPTION; SIMULATION; MECHANISM AB We have investigated the effects of occupancy and blocked sites on the diffusivity of penetrants in a three-dimensional lattice model of ZSM-5. Using our model, which is a realistic, coarse-grained description of the zeolite, we find that diffusivity decreases more strongly with occupancy and fraction of blocked sites than on a two-dimensional square or three-dimensional cubic lattice. The percolation transition for the ZSM-5 lattice occurs at an occupancy of 0.64, larger than that in a two-dimensional square lattice. We have also studied the effects of occupancy and of discrete, quenched reaction sites on the rates of the net reaction process in ZSM-5. The reaction studied is A reversible arrow B, where A and B are assumed to have identical adsorption and diffusion properties. We show that there is an optimal fraction of reaction sites. This optimum is a result of the trade-off between increased ability for the reaction to proceed and decreased effectiveness of reaction sites as a consequence of reduced diffusive transport of species to and from the reaction sites. We have also found that lower occupancy of the zeolite enhances the rate of reaction by reducing the fraction of reaction sites occupied by adsorbed species. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,CTR ADV MAT,DIV MAT SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT CHEM ENGN,BERKELEY,CA 94720. OI Bell, Alexis/0000-0002-5738-4645 NR 24 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0009-2509 J9 CHEM ENG SCI JI Chem. Eng. Sci. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 52 IS 14 BP 2265 EP 2276 DI 10.1016/S0009-2509(97)00010-9 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA XK328 UT WOS:A1997XK32800006 ER PT J AU Singer, B Hang, B AF Singer, B Hang, B TI What structural features determine repair enzyme specificity and mechanism in chemically modified DNA? SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review ID HUMAN O-6-ALKYLGUANINE-DNA ALKYLTRANSFERASE; NUCLEOTIDE EXCISION-REPAIR; HUMAN 3-METHYLADENINE-DNA GLYCOSYLASE; APURINIC APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASES; COLI EXONUCLEASE-III; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ALKYLATING-AGENTS; HUMAN-CELLS; RAT-LIVER; O-6-METHYLGUANINE-DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE RP Singer, B (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, DONNER LAB, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 72079, CA 47723]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES 07363] NR 193 TC 120 Z9 120 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 10 IS 7 BP 713 EP 732 DI 10.1021/tx970011e PG 20 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA XL700 UT WOS:A1997XL70000001 PM 9250405 ER PT J AU Neri, LM Fackelmayer, FO Zweyer, M KohwiShigematsu, T Martelli, AM AF Neri, LM Fackelmayer, FO Zweyer, M KohwiShigematsu, T Martelli, AM TI Subnuclear localization of S/MAR-binding proteins is differently affected by in vitro stabilization with heat or Cu2+ SO CHROMOSOMA LA English DT Article ID MATRIX ATTACHMENT REGIONS; K562 ERYTHROLEUKEMIA-CELLS; TOPOISOMERASE-II SITES; RNA POLYMERASE-II; NUCLEAR-MATRIX; HELA-CELLS; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; MITOTIC CHROMOSOMES; CHROMATIN LOOPS; IN-VITRO AB The nuclear matrix, a proteinaceous entity thought to be a scaffolding structure that determines the higher order organization of eukaryotic chromatin, is usually prepared from intact nuclei by a series of extraction steps. In most cell types investigated, the nuclear matrix does not spontaneously resist these extractions, but must rather be stabilized before the application of extracting agents such as high salt solutions or lithium diiodosalicylate. We have examined the effect of two widely used stabilization procedures on the localization of nuclear matrix proteins. Four individual polypeptides were studied, all of which are scaffold or matrix-associated region (S/MAR)-binding proteins: SATB1, SAF-A/hnRNP-U, NuMA, and topoisomerase II alpha. Nuclei were isolated from K562 human erythroleukemia cells in a buffer containing spermine, spermidine, KCl and EDTA, and the nuclear matrix or scaffold was obtained by extraction with lithium diiodosalicylate after stabilization by heat treatment (37 degrees or 42 degrees C) or incubation with Cu2+ ions. When the localization of individual proteins was determined by immunofluorescent staining and confocal scanning laser microscopy, markedly different consequences of the two stabilization strategies became evident, ranging from a total maintenance of the localization (NuMA and topoisomerase II alpha) to a marked redistribution (SATB1 and SAF-A/hnRNP-U). Our results seem to indicate that a reevaluation of stabilization protocols employed for the preparation of the nuclear matrix is desirable, especially by performing morphological controls. C1 UNIV TRIESTE,DIPARTIMENTO MORFOL UMANA NORMALE,I-34138 TRIESTE,ITALY. UNIV FERRARA,IST ANAT UMANA NORMALE,I-44100 FERRARA,ITALY. IST RIZZOLI,CNR,IST CITOMORFOL NORMALE & PATOL,BOLOGNA,ITALY. UNIV KONSTANZ,DEPT BIOL,D-78434 CONSTANCE,GERMANY. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. OI Neri, Luca Maria/0000-0002-7924-1477 NR 67 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0009-5915 J9 CHROMOSOMA JI Chromosoma PD JUL PY 1997 VL 106 IS 2 BP 81 EP 93 DI 10.1007/s004120050227 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA XP292 UT WOS:A1997XP29200003 PM 9215557 ER PT J AU Liang, XZ Sperber, KR Wang, WC Samel, AN AF Liang, XZ Sperber, KR Wang, WC Samel, AN TI Predictability of SST forced climate signals in two atmospheric general circulation models SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NATIONAL-METEOROLOGICAL-CENTER; NINO SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; RANGE-WEATHER-FORECASTS; EL-NINO; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; ANOMALIES; RADIATION AB The predictability of atmospheric responses to global sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies is evaluated using ensemble simulations of two general circulation models (GCMs): the GENESIS version 1.5 (GEN) and the ECMWF cycle 36 (ECM). The integrations incorporate observed SST variations but start from different initial land and atmospheric states. Five GEN 1980-1992 and six ECM 1980-1988 realizations are compared with observations to distinguish predictable SST forced climate signals from internal variability. To facilitate the study, correlation analysis and significance evaluation techniques are developed on the basis of time series permutations. It is found that the annual mean global area with realistic signals is variable dependent and ranges from 3 to 20% in GEN and 6 to 28% in ECM. More than 95% of these signal areas occur between 35 degrees S-35 degrees N. Due to the existence of model biases, robust responses, which are independent of initial condition, are identified over broader areas. Both GCMs demonstrate that the sensitivity to initial conditions decreases and the predictability of SST forced responses increases, in order, from 850 hPa zonal wind, outgoing longwave radiation, 200 hPa zonal wind, sea-level pressure to 500 hPa height. The predictable signals are concentrated in the tropical and subtropical Pacific Ocean and are identified with typical El Nino/ Southern Oscillation phenomena that occur in response to SST and diabatic heating anomalies over the equatorial central Pacific. ECM is less sensitive to initial conditions and better predicts SST forced climate changes. This results from (1) a more realistic basic climatology, especially of the upper-level wind circulation, that produces more realistic interactions between the mean flow, stationary waves and tropical forcing; (2) a more vigorous hydrologic cycle that amplifies the tropical forcing signals, which can exceed internal variability and be more efficiently transported from the forcing region. Differences between the models and observations are identified. For GEN during El Nino, the convection does not carry energy to a sufficiently high altitude, while the spread of the tropospheric warming along the equator is slower and the anomaly magnitude smaller than observed. This impacts model ability to simulate realistic responses over Eurasia and the Indian Ocean. Similar biases exist in the ECM responses. In addition, the relationships between upper and lower tropospheric wind responses to SST forcing are not well reproduced by either model. The identification of these model biases leads to the conclusion that improvements in convective heat and momentum transport parametrizations and basic climate simulations could substantially increase predictive skill. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,PROGRAM CLIMATE MODEL DIAG & INTERCOMPARISON,LIVERMORE,CA. RP Liang, XZ (reprint author), SUNY ALBANY,ATMOSPHER SCI RES CTR,ALBANY,NY 12222, USA. RI Sperber, Kenneth/H-2333-2012 NR 64 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 13 IS 6 BP 391 EP 415 DI 10.1007/s003820050173 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA XN828 UT WOS:A1997XN82800002 ER PT J AU Najm, HN Wyckoff, PS AF Najm, HN Wyckoff, PS TI Premixed flame response to unsteady strain rate and curvature SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article ID METHANE AIR FLAMES; TURBULENT COMBUSTION; VORTEX; SIMULATIONS; CHEMISTRY; STRETCH; MODELS AB The interaction of a premixed stoichiometric methane-air flame with a two-dimensional counter-rotating vortex-pair is studied using a skeletal C-1 chemical mechanism. The focus is on the modification to flame structure and dynamic due to unsteady strain rate and curvature. Results demonstrate the overall contortion of the flame by the vortex pair, and the generation and entrainment of baroclinic vorticity. Observations at the positively curved cusp (convex towards the reactants) indicate modifications to flame structure due to diffusional focusing and defocusing of intermediates internal to the flame. The defocusing of the H atom is found to have the largest influence on the reduction of CH4 consumption and the retardation of reaction rates at the cusp. Vortex-pair centerline data suggest that the dame tends towards extinction due to its relative motion into the products. Increased temperature and products concentrations in the reaction zone tend to deplete H, while the scarcity of O-2 associated with a relative shift towards the products reduces the chain-branching rates, depleting O and OH. This scarcity of radicals reduces the overall consumption rate of fuel. leading the flame towards extinction. (C) 1997 by The Combustion Institute. RP Najm, HN (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 42 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JUL PY 1997 VL 110 IS 1-2 BP 92 EP 112 DI 10.1016/S0010-2180(97)89577-6 PG 23 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA XF514 UT WOS:A1997XF51400008 ER PT J AU Chidester, SK Tarver, CM Green, LG Urtiew, PA AF Chidester, SK Tarver, CM Green, LG Urtiew, PA TI On the violence of thermal explosion in solid explosives SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article ID ENERGETIC MATERIALS; DECOMPOSITION; KINETICS AB Twenty large scale experiments were conducted to determine the levels of violence of thermal explosions produced by various confinement and heat flow conditions. Heavily confined cylinders of octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) and triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATE) were heated at rates varying from 2 degrees C/min to 3.3 degrees C/h. Fourteen of the cylinders were hallow, and inner metallic liners with small heaters attached were used to produce uniform temperatures just prior to explosion. A complex thermocouple pattern was used to measure the temperature history throughout the charge and to determine the approximate location where the runaway exothermic reaction first occurred. The violence of the resulting explosion was measured using velocity pin arrays placed inside and outside of the metal confinement cylinders, flash x-rays, overpressure gauges, and fragment collection techniques. Five cylinders were intentionally detonated for violence comparisons. The measured temperature histories, times to explosion, and the locations of first reaction agreed closely with those calculated by a two-dimensional heat transfer code using multistep chemical decomposition models. The acceleration of the confining metal cylinders by the explosion process was accurately simulated using a two-dimensional pressure dependent deflagration reactive how hydrodynamic model. The most violent HMX thermal explosions gradually accelerated their outer cases to velocities approaching those of intentional detonations approximately 120 mu s after the Onset of explosion. The measured inner cylinder collapse velocities from thermal explosions were considerably lower than those produced by detonations. In contrast to the HMX thermal reactions, no violent thermal explosions were produced by the TATE-based explosive LX-17. A heavily confined, slowly heated LX-17 test produced sufficient pressure to cause a 0.1 cm bend in a 2 cm thick steel plate. (C) 1997 by The Combustion Institute. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DEF TECHNOL ENGN DIV,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. NR 26 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JUL PY 1997 VL 110 IS 1-2 BP 264 EP 280 DI 10.1016/S0010-2180(97)00071-0 PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA XF514 UT WOS:A1997XF51400018 ER PT J AU Gray, LJ Paulino, GH AF Gray, LJ Paulino, GH TI Symmetric Galerkin boundary integral fracture analysis for plane orthotropic elasticity SO COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint IUTAM/Royal-Irish-Academy Symposium on Innovative Computational Methods for Fracture and Damage CY JUN 30-JUL 05, 1996 CL UNIV COLL DUBLIN, DUBLIN, IRELAND SP Int Union Theoret & Appl Mech, Royal Irish Acad HO UNIV COLL DUBLIN ID ELEMENT METHOD; HYPERSINGULAR INTEGRALS; FORMULATION AB This paper discusses the formulation and implementation of the symmetric Galerkin boundary integral method for two dimensional linear elastic orthotropic fracture analysis. For the usual case of a traction-free crack, the symmetry of the coefficient matrix can be effectively exploited to significantly reduce the computational work required to construct the linear system. In addition, computation time is reduced by employing efficient analytic integration formulas for the analysis of the orthotropic singular and hypersingular integrals. Preliminary test calculations indicate that the method is both accurate and efficient. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP Gray, LJ (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,COMP SCI & MATH DIV,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Paulino, Glaucio/A-2426-2008 NR 32 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0178-7675 J9 COMPUT MECH JI Comput. Mech. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 20 IS 1-2 BP 26 EP 33 DI 10.1007/s004660050212 PG 8 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA XN817 UT WOS:A1997XN81700005 ER PT J AU Parvin, B Taylor, JR Callahan, DE Johnston, WE Dahmen, U AF Parvin, B Taylor, JR Callahan, DE Johnston, WE Dahmen, U TI Visual servoing for online facilities SO COMPUTER LA English DT Article AB Scientists who want to share microscopes over the Internet need systems that can provide the exact look and feel available to the local operator and that can hide unpredictable network delays. Providing the look and feel is achieved through the user interface. Hiding network latency is achieved through visual servoing. Visual servoing for online facilities interprets a visual scene and then automatically manipulates an instrument on the basis of control parameters. The authors' approach revolves around a set of visual routines implemented in a client-server architecture. The applications are two labor-intensive experiments: the microdissection of DNA molecules and in-situ examination of crystal formation. Microdissection and subsequent amplification of DNA molecules allow for rapid closure of gaps in the genomic library. In-situ experiments reveal information about the thermal and morphological properties of crystal structures. The authors demonstrate that intelligent visual interpretation and the use of this information for control can compensate for the Internet's latency and make it possible for many scientists to share scarce resources. Here, the result is easier use of an electron microscope, a centralized and complicated instrument. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,NATL CTR ELECT MICROSCOPY,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Parvin, B (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,INFORMAT & DISTRIBUTED COMP DIV,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 SN 0018-9162 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD JUL PY 1997 VL 30 IS 7 BP 56 EP & DI 10.1109/2.596629 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA XH984 UT WOS:A1997XH98400017 ER PT J AU Gray, MG Roberts, RM AF Gray, MG Roberts, RM TI Object-based programming in Fortran 90 SO COMPUTERS IN PHYSICS LA English DT Article RP Gray, MG (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,SCI COMP GRP,RADIAT TRANSPORT TEAM,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 8 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0894-1866 J9 COMPUT PHYS JI Comput. Phys. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 11 IS 4 BP 355 EP 361 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA XL714 UT WOS:A1997XL71400014 ER PT J AU Covino, BS Cramer, SD Russell, JH Simmons, JW AF Covino, BS Cramer, SD Russell, JH Simmons, JW TI Corrosion and polarization behavior of sensitized high-nitrogen stainless steels SO CORROSION LA English DT Article DE austenitic stainless steel; degree of sensitization; dichromium nitride; energy dispersive spectroscopy; inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy; nitrogen; potentiodynamic polarization testing; scanning electron microscopy; scanning transmission electron microscopy; sensitization; stainless steels; x-ray diffraction ID RESISTANCE; PRECIPITATION; ALLOYS AB Corrosion of a sensitized high-nitrogen stainless steel (SS, nominally Fe-19% Cr-5% Ni-5% Mn-3% Mo-0.024% C-0.69% N) was studied by examining potentiodynamic polarization curves. Corrosion behavior was compared to previously reported sensitization values. The SS was heat treated at temperatures of 600 degrees C to 1,000 degrees C for times up to 1,000 h. Potentiodynamic polarization curves were generated in deaerated 1 N sulfuric acid (H2SO4) + 0.01 M potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) at 30 degrees C at a scan rate of 100 mV/min. Corrosion currents measured at the corrosion potential did not change in the same manner with increasing aging time as values for the degree of sensitization (DOS). This was believed to be caused by greater sensitivity to chromium depletion during potentiodynamic polarization testing compared to sensitization measured by electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (EPR) testing (i.e., the minimum chromium level in the depletion zone required to cause sensitization, approximate to 14 wt%, was lower than that required to degrade corrosion behavior as measured by potentiodynamic polarization testing). Polarization curves exhibited two oxidation peaks in the active region and two in the passive region. All were functions of aging time and temperature. Solution analyses as a function of applied potential and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were used to help identify the matrix components that might be responsible for those peaks. RP Covino, BS (reprint author), US DOE,ALBANY RES CTR,1450 QUEEN AVE SW,ALBANY,OR 97321, USA. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ASSN CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 SN 0010-9312 J9 CORROSION JI Corrosion PD JUL PY 1997 VL 53 IS 7 BP 525 EP 536 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA XU788 UT WOS:A1997XU78800003 ER PT J AU Boopathy, R AF Boopathy, R TI Anaerobic phenol degradation by microorganisms of swine manure SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METHANOGENIC BACTERIA; AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS; BENZOATE; CONSORTIUM; SEDIMENTS; CULTURES; GROWTH AB Swine manure contains diverse groups of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. An anaerobic bacterial consortium containing sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and acetate-utilizing methanogenic bacteria was isolated from swine manure, This consortium used phenol as its sole source of carbon and converted it to methane and CO2. The sulfate-reducing bacterial members of the consortium are the incomplete oxidizers, unable to carry out the terminal oxidation of organic substrates, leaving acetic acid as the end product. The methanogenic bacteria of the consortium converted the acetic acid to methane. When a methanogen inhibitor was used in the culture medium, phenol was converted to acetic acid by the SRB, but the acetic acid did nor undergo further metabolism. On the other hand, when the growth of SRB in the consortium was suppressed with a specific SRB inhibitor, namely, molybdenum tetroxide, the phenol was not degraded. Thus, the metabolic activities of both the sulfate-reducing bacteria and the methanogenic bacteria were essential for complete degradation of phenol. RP Boopathy, R (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM RES,BLDG 203,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 30 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 35 IS 1 BP 64 EP 67 DI 10.1007/s002849900213 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XE845 UT WOS:A1997XE84500013 PM 9175563 ER PT J AU Zhao, JL AF Zhao, JL TI Schema coordination in federated database management: a comparison with schema integration SO DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Information Technology and Systems CY DEC 17-18, 1994 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA DE federated database systems; metadata management; multi-organizational information systems; query translation; schema coordination; schema integration; universal relation ID INTERORGANIZATIONAL SYSTEMS; UNIVERSAL; MODEL AB We have introduced a new approach, termed schema coordination, as an alternative to the well-known schema integration approach for processing cooperative queries in federated database systems. The schema coordination approach is based on the attribute correspondence matrix that links similar attributes in all component databases. In this paper, we compare the schema coordination approach with the schema integration approach for both metadata management and cooperative query processing. We demonstrate that schema coordination offers a much simpler methodology that enables logical data independence and is especially better suited for database federations consisting of many competing databases with ever-evolving metadata. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,INFORMAT & COMP SCI DIV,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Zhao, JL (reprint author), HONG KONG UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,SCH BUSINESS & MANAGEMENT,CLEAR WATER BAY,KOWLOON,HONG KONG. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9236 J9 DECIS SUPPORT SYST JI Decis. Support Syst. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 20 IS 3 BP 243 EP 257 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA XV201 UT WOS:A1997XV20100004 ER PT J AU Souw, EK Meilunas, RJ Szeles, C Ravindra, NM Tong, FM AF Souw, EK Meilunas, RJ Szeles, C Ravindra, NM Tong, FM TI Photoconductivity of CVD diamond under bandgap and subbandgap irradiations SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE band structure; CVD; diamond defects; photoconductivity ID VAPOR-DEPOSITED DIAMOND; THIN-FILMS; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTION; RADIATION DETECTORS; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; DEEP LEVELS; DEFECTS; VACANCY; STATES AB We systematically studied the photoconductivity of nominally intrinsic diamond films grown by two CVD methods. In the 200-275 nm wavelength range covering the bandgap energy (5.5 eV or 225 nm), the measured photocurrent showed characteristic behavior that can be quantitatively related to a fast recombination of electrons and effective trapping of holes, mainly by trap states near the valence band edge, In addition to photoconductivity, thermoelectric emission spectroscopy and thermally stimulated current measurements were made. From the results, the density and location of two distinctive trap levels within the energy bandgap was estimated. The results are not only self-consistent, but also agree with other authors' findings, such as a hole-dominated current, without or under bandgap illumination, a Fermi level close to the valence band edge, an electron recombination center in the middle of the bandgap, and a shallow hole-trap state having an extremely high density of similar to 10(19) cm(-3). Based on these data, we suggest a bandgap and trap-state model for intrinsic CVD diamond. The details of this model and the characteristic properties of the defects/traps are consistent with experimental results and theoretical findings made by other authors covering a large diversity of areas, such as photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence, photoabsorption, carrier lifetimes and mobilities, electron paramagnetic resonance, cold-cathode electron emission, and photoconductive current switching. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 GRUMMAN CORP,BETHPAGE,NY 11714. EV PROD,SAXONBURG,PA 16056. NEW JERSEY INST TECHNOL,NEWARK,NJ 07102. RP Souw, EK (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT ADV TECHNOL,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 36 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 6 IS 9 BP 1157 EP 1171 DI 10.1016/S0925-9635(97)00124-6 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA XR614 UT WOS:A1997XR61400012 ER PT J AU McCarty, KF Medlin, DL AF McCarty, KF Medlin, DL TI How plastic deformation can produce texture in graphitic films of boron nitride, carbon nitride, and carbon SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE plastic deformation; boron nitride; graphitic carbon; carbon nitride ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; STRESS-INDUCED FORMATION; THIN-FILMS; C-BN; NUCLEATION; FRICTION; GROWTH AB The graphitic forms of carbon, boron nitride, and carbon nitride grown in energetic film-deposition processes or processed using ion irradiation often possess an in-plane c-axis texture. In this texture the basal planes of the graphitic material are perpendicular to the substrate. We show that the in-plane c-axis texture can be produced through plastic deformation as a mechanism to relieve the large ion-induced compressive stresses in these materials. Specifically, basal-plane slip and kinking processes would produce a rotation of the c-axis towards the plane of biaxial compressive stress. Once the c-axis has rotated to lie in the plane of the substrate, further deformation by basal-plane slip cannot occur. Then, in the absence of additional stress-reduction pathways, the stress level will rise if the material undergoes further compressive elastic strain. The possible relationship between this stress build-up and nucleation of high-density phases, such as cubic boron nitride, is briefly discussed. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. RP McCarty, KF (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,DEPT 8716,MAIL STOP 9161,POB 969,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. RI McCarty, Kevin/F-9368-2012 OI McCarty, Kevin/0000-0002-8601-079X NR 45 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 6 IS 9 BP 1219 EP 1225 DI 10.1016/S0925-9635(97)00131-3 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA XR614 UT WOS:A1997XR61400019 ER PT J AU Thom, RM AF Thom, RM TI System-development matrix for adaptive management of coastal ecosystem restoration projects SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE adaptive management; restoration; wetlands; estuary; coastal habitats; marine monitoring ID RESTORED ESTUARINE WETLAND; JUVENILE SALMON; DISTURBANCE AB Ecological performance of coastal habitat and ecosystem restoration projects is not yet predictable with great certainty. The simple method developed in this paper applies the principles of adaptive management to coastal ecosystem restoration to improve the ability to assess performance and make informed decisions on how to improve performance. The method uses a system-development matrix to assist in identifying the state of the system for which restorative actions were applied. The matrix defines development in terms of structure and function, but can accommodate other performance and development characteristics. Monitoring of the system provides input on the state of the system. Phrases in the matrix provide plausible explanations for the condition of the system and point toward possible actions to be taken. The matrix is applied using examples from community development on dredged material, a seagrass system and tidal marsh system. It is recommended that the matrix be developed by all interested parties during the planning phase. This group can then utilize the matrix for managing the project. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. RP Thom, RM (reprint author), BATTELLE MARINE SCI LAB,1529 W SEQUIM BAY RD,SEQUIM,WA 98382, USA. NR 27 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 8 IS 3 BP 219 EP 232 DI 10.1016/S0925-8574(97)00012-8 PG 14 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA XL557 UT WOS:A1997XL55700003 ER PT J AU Postigo, AA Sheppard, AM Mucenski, ML Dean, DC AF Postigo, AA Sheppard, AM Mucenski, ML Dean, DC TI c-Myb and Ets proteins synergize to overcome transcriptional repression by ZEB SO EMBO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE c-Myb; Ets; hematopoiesis; alpha 4 integrin; repression; ZEB ID CELL-ADHESION MOLECULE-1; ZINC-FINGER PROTEIN; HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES-T; GENE-EXPRESSION; INTEGRIN VLA-4; V-MYB; ALPHA-4 INTEGRIN; STEM-CELLS; ACTIVATION; PROMOTER AB The Zfh family of zinc finger/homeodomain proteins was first identified in Drosophila where it is required for differentiation of tissues such as the central nervous system and muscle, ZEB, a vertebrate homolog of Zfh-1, binds a subset of E boxes and blocks myogenesis through transcriptional repression of muscle genes, We present evidence here that ZEB also has an important role in controlling hematopoietic gene transcription, Two families of transcription factors that are required for normal hematopoiesis are c-Myb and Ets. These factors act synergistically to activate transcription, and this synergy is required for transcription of at least several important hematopoietic genes. ZEB blocks the activity of c-Myb and Ets individually, but together the factors synergize to resist this repression. Such repression imposes a requirement for both c-Myb and Ets for transcriptional activity, providing one explanation for why synergy between these factors is important. The balance between repression by ZEB and transcriptional activation by c-Myb/Ets provides a flexible regulatory mechanism for controlling gene expression in hematopoietic cells. We demonstrate that one target of this positive/negative regulation in vivo is the alpha 4 integrin, which play a key role in normal hematopoiesis and function of mature leukocytes. C1 WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,ST LOUIS,MO 63110. WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT CELL BIOL,ST LOUIS,MO 63110. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV BIOL,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NR 72 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0261-4189 J9 EMBO J JI Embo J. PD JUL 1 PY 1997 VL 16 IS 13 BP 3924 EP 3934 DI 10.1093/emboj/16.13.3924 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA XJ990 UT WOS:A1997XJ99000018 PM 9233802 ER PT J AU Ruth, LA AF Ruth, LA TI The US Department of Energy's Combustion 2000 Program: Clean, efficient electricity from coal SO ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT RAN 95 / International Symposium on Advanced Energy Conversion Systems and Related Technologies CY DEC 04-06, 1995 CL NAGOYA, JAPAN SP Nagoya Univ, Res Ctr Adv Energy Convers, Soc Chem Engn Japan, Heat Transfer Soc Japan, Combust Soc Japan DE boilers; coal; combined-cycles; combustion; electric power plants; emissions; government-industry R&D; indirectly fired cycles; NOx control; pulverized coal; SO2 control; supercritical boilers AB The United States Department of Energy's Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center, under its Combustion 2000 program, is working with private industry to develop two kinds of advanced, coal-fired electric power generation systems that will have significantly higher thermal efficiency, superior environmental performance and a lower cost of electricity than current coal-fired plants. The low emission boiler system (LEES) is a highly advanced pulverized-coal-fire power plant which will be ready for commercial introduction before the year 2001. LEES uses supercritical steam conditions and substantial low-level heat recovery to achieve an efficiency of 42%. Very low emissions are realized by using advanced combustion technology and pollution controls that are integrated with the boiler. The high performance power system (HIPPS) is based on indirectly fired combined-cycle technology that is capable of 47-50% efficiency. This system uses a gas turbine driven by a clean air working fluid separately heated in a novel high-temperature furnace. Energy recovered from the turbine exhaust drives a steam cycle. HIPPS is planned to be commercially available by 2005. This paper describes the Combustion 2000 program and the technologies being developed for LEES and HIPPS. RP Ruth, LA (reprint author), US DOE,PITTSBURGH ENERGY TECHNOL CTR,PITTSBURGH,PA 15236, USA. NR 3 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0196-8904 J9 ENERG CONVERS MANAGE JI Energy Conv. Manag. PD JUL-SEP PY 1997 VL 38 IS 10-13 BP 1249 EP 1257 DI 10.1016/S0196-8904(96)00154-9 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics GA XA792 UT WOS:A1997XA79200032 ER PT J AU FisherVanden, KA Shukla, PR Edmonds, JA Kim, SH Pitcher, HM AF FisherVanden, KA Shukla, PR Edmonds, JA Kim, SH Pitcher, HM TI Carbon taxes and India SO ENERGY ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE carbon taxes; computable general equilibrium; tradable permits AB Using the Indian module of the Second Generation Model (SGM), we explore a reference case and three scenarios in which greenhouse gas emissions were controlled. Two alternative policy instruments (carbon taxes and tradable permits) were analyzed to determine comparative costs of stabilizing emissions at (1) 1990 levels (the 1X case), (2) two times the 1990 levels (the 2X case), and (3) three times the 1990 levels (the 3X case). The analysis takes into account India's rapidly growing population and the abundance of coal and biomass relative to other fuels. We also explore the impacts of a global tradable permits market to stabilize global carbon emissions on the Indian economy under the following two emissions allowance allocation methods. 1. Grandfathered emissions: emissions allowances are allocated based on 1990 emissions. 2. Equal per capita emissions: emissions allowances are allocated based on share of global population. Tradable permits represent a lower-cost method to stabilize Indian emissions than carbon taxes, i.e. global action would benefit India more than independent actions. C1 PACIFIC NW LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20024 USA. INDIAN INST MANAGEMENT, AHMEDABAD 380015, GUJARAT, INDIA. RP FisherVanden, KA (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV, JOHN F KENNEDY SCH GOVT, BELFER 403, 79 JOHN F KENNEDY ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0140-9883 J9 ENERG ECON JI Energy Econ. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 19 IS 3 BP 289 EP 325 DI 10.1016/S0140-9883(96)01020-1 PG 37 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA XF838 UT WOS:A1997XF83800002 ER PT J AU Greening, LA Davis, WB Schipper, L Khrushch, M AF Greening, LA Davis, WB Schipper, L Khrushch, M TI Comparison of six decomposition methods: Application to aggregate energy intensity for manufacturing in 10 OECD countries SO ENERGY ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID INDUSTRY STRUCTURE; DIVISIA INDEX; CONSUMPTION; IMPACTS AB The work presented here compares six different methods of aggregate energy intensity decomposition applied to the same set of data, for the manufacturing sector in 10 OECD countries from 1970 to 1992. We compare the six methods on the basis of the size of the residual term, the variability of that term, and the ease of implementation of the method; the comparison of these properties is necessary for the eventual development of a forecasting tool. Based on a comparison of the size of the residual term and the variation in the term over time the adaptive weighting Divisia, in either a fixed year or a rolling year specification, is most robust, exhibiting the smallest residual term with the least variation. RP Greening, LA (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,ENERGY ANAL PROGRAM,MAILSTOP 90-4000,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 23 TC 94 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0140-9883 J9 ENERG ECON JI Energy Econ. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 19 IS 3 BP 375 EP 390 DI 10.1016/S0140-9883(96)01028-6 PG 16 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA XF838 UT WOS:A1997XF83800006 ER PT J AU Rothenberger, KS Cugini, AV Thompson, RL Ciocco, MV AF Rothenberger, KS Cugini, AV Thompson, RL Ciocco, MV TI Investigation of first-stage liquefaction of coal with model plastic waste mixtures SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article AB A series of liquefaction tests have been conducted using coal, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), in various combinations and proportions. These tests were done in batch microautoclaves, 1-L semibatch reactors, and a small-scale continuous unit. Results on individual plastics showed that PE and PP were converted primarily into aliphatic hydrocarbons, PS into alkyl benzenes, and PET into benzenes, ethane, and carbon dioxide. PE was by far the most difficult of the model plastics to convert. In two-component and multicomponent tests, tetrahydrofuran (THF) conversions could be estimated from the behavior of the individual components under similar conditions. Results were highly sensitive to conditions, especially those of atmosphere and temperature. Higher conversions could be obtained with higher temperatures, provided that retrograde reactions that re-polymerize the products were minimized. Retrograde reactions could be suppressed via the use of a synthesis gas atmosphere and/or the absence of added solvent. Acidic catalysts, such as molecular sieves, also led to higher conversions, but only in systems where coal was absent. C1 PARSONS POWER GRP INC,LIBRARY,PA 15129. RP Rothenberger, KS (reprint author), US DOE,FED ENERGY TECHNOL CTR,POB 10940,PITTSBURGH,PA 15236, USA. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 11 IS 4 BP 849 EP 855 DI 10.1021/ef9602077 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA XM405 UT WOS:A1997XM40500014 ER PT J AU Ridley, MK Wesolowski, DJ Palmer, DA Benezeth, P Kettler, RM AF Ridley, MK Wesolowski, DJ Palmer, DA Benezeth, P Kettler, RM TI Effect of sulfate on the release rate of Al3+ from gibbsite in low temperature acidic waters SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SODIUM-CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; ALUMINUM SPECIATION; SURFACE WATERS; NATURAL-WATERS; EQUILIBRIA; SOLUBILITY; NORTHEASTERN; DISSOCIATION; DISSOLUTION AB Solubility experiments were performed at 5 degrees C by reacting 1 g of powdered gibbsite with 45 g of aqueous H2SO4-NaCl and HCl-NaCl (0.01 m H+) solutions at 0.1 m ionic strength. The kinetics of dissolution were monitored under extremely undersaturated conditions and appeared to favor a zero-order rate-determining process. The dissolution rate of gibbsite in the sulfate solution was approximately 10 times faster than in the HCl solution, which is consistent with trends reported in the literature for studies performed at higher temperatures. The enhanced dissolution kinetics of gibbsite (and by analogy, other aluminum-containing minerals) in the presence of sulfate may contribute to the elevated Al concentrations observed in natural low-temperature waters associated with acid rain and acid mine drainage. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM & ANALYT SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Ridley, MK (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT GEOL,214 BESSY HALL,LINCOLN,NE 68588, USA. RI BENEZETH, Pascale/H-7969-2014 OI BENEZETH, Pascale/0000-0002-1841-2383 NR 29 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 31 IS 7 BP 1922 EP 1925 DI 10.1021/es960686o PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XH483 UT WOS:A1997XH48300033 ER PT J AU Marty, RC Bennett, D Thullen, P AF Marty, RC Bennett, D Thullen, P TI Mechanism of plutonium transport in a shallow aquifer in Mortandad canyon, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POROUS-MEDIA; COLLOIDS; MOBILIZATION AB Potential environmental effects of radioactive isotopes are of great public concern. Fortunately most long-lived isotopes have strong affinities for solids and limited mobility under natural conditions. It recently has been proposed that some isotopes may form colloids that move with groundwater. The detection of plutonium in groundwater some 3400 m down Mortandad Canyon at the Los Alamos National Laboratory is cited widely as an example of such transport. The current work re-examines data from this canyon to evaluate the significance of such transport. Pu-239 entering the canyon increased sharply in the early 1980s. Routine monitoring during this period shows that isotopically distinct plutonium appeared in one downgradient well before it appeared in wells closer to the source. If this is ignored, plutonium moved at least twice as fast as groundwater flow and easily outdistanced a tritium peak. Isotopically heavy plutonium arrived simultaneously in surface alluvium and groundwater, and the isotopic composition of plutonium in alluvium and groundwater are identical. Plutonium clearly did not move down-canyon via groundwater. The potential for plutonium movement through groundwater on colloids may be overstated at this and other sites. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NR 51 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 31 IS 7 BP 2020 EP 2027 DI 10.1021/es960817l PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XH483 UT WOS:A1997XH48300048 ER PT J AU Ford, RG Bertsch, PM Farley, KJ AF Ford, RG Bertsch, PM Farley, KJ TI Changes in transition and heavy metal partitioning during hydrous iron oxide aging SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMORPHOUS IRON(III) HYDROXIDE; CRYSTALLINE PRODUCTS; MINE DRAINAGE; FERRIHYDRITE; GOETHITE; SORPTION; PH; ADSORPTION; FE; MN AB The fate and transport of metal ions in soils and sediments may be controlled by sorption to the metastable iron (hydr)oxide, ferrihydrite. The reversibility of metal partitioning to ferrihydrite can be significantly influenced by its transformation to more thermodynamically stable structures such as goethite or hematite. We studied changes in metal partitioning during aging of coprecipitates of ferrihydrite containing Cd(II), Mn(II), Ni(II), or Pb(II) at pH 6 and temperatures of 40 or 70 degrees C and as a function of metal surface loading. Aqueous metal concentrations as well as the fraction extracted by 0.2 M ammonium oxalate were continuously monitored. At the end of aging, solids were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction. Prior to aging, the extent of metal sorption decreased in the order Pb(II) > > Ni(II) > Mn(II) congruent to Cd(II). However, with ferrihydrite transformation, the extent of sorption increased and apparent sorption reversibility decreased significantly for Mn(II) and Ni(II). Both Pb(II) and Cd(II) demonstrated net desorption with aging, and sorption reversibility remained essentially unchanged. These differences in metal behavior are consistent with structural incorporation of Mn(II) and Ni(II) into the goethite or hematite structure and minimal incorporation of Cd(II) and Pb(II) within these crystalline products at pH 6. C1 UNIV GEORGIA, SAVANNAH RIVER ECOL LAB, AIKEN, SC 29802 USA. MANHATTAN COLL, DEPT ENVIRONM ENGN, RIVERDALE, NY 10471 USA. RI Ford, Robert/N-4634-2014 OI Ford, Robert/0000-0002-9465-2282 NR 36 TC 159 Z9 161 U1 5 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 31 IS 7 BP 2028 EP 2033 DI 10.1021/es960824+ PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XH483 UT WOS:A1997XH48300049 ER PT J AU Patterson, RR Fendorf, S Fendorf, M AF Patterson, RR Fendorf, S Fendorf, M TI Reduction of hexavalent chromium by amorphous iron sulfide SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-WATERS; EDGE STRUCTURE; CR(VI); SOILS; CHEMISTRY; SEDIMENTS; BEHAVIOR; SULFATE AB The reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) decreases the toxicity and mobility of chromium contaminants in soils and water. In addition, the formation of a highly insoluble Cr(III) product would decrease the likelihood of future Cr(III) re-oxidation. Amorphous iron sulfide minerals like mackinawite (FeS1-x) have the potential to reduce large quantities of Cr(VI) and in the process form very stable [Cr, Fe](OH)(3) solids. In this study, we examine the effectiveness of amorphous FeS as a reductant of Gr(VI) by identifying the solution and solid-phase products of the reaction between FeS suspensions and chromate. Iron sulfide suspensions at pH 5.0, 7.0, and 8.0 were reacted with a range of Cr(VI) solutions from 50 to 5000 mu M in a N-2 atmosphere glovebox for 3 d. Solutions were analyzed using ICP-AES, IC, and colorimetric methods; solids were analyzed using XRD, TEM, EDS, and XANES spectroscopy. Iron sulfide removed all of the added Cr(VI) from solution for the reaction conditions studied and reduced between 85% and 100% of the Cr(VI) to Cr(III). Chromate reduction occurred dominantly at the FeS surface and resulted in [Cr-0.75,Fe-0.25](OH)3; while less extensive, reduction of Cr(VI) by Fe(II) (ag) was noted and produced a solid with the opposite Cr:Fe ratio, [Cr-0.25,Fe-0.75](OH)(3). C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,NATL CTR ELECTRON MICROSCOPY,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 30 TC 248 Z9 263 U1 11 U2 100 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 31 IS 7 BP 2039 EP 2044 DI 10.1021/es960836v PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XH483 UT WOS:A1997XH48300051 ER PT J AU Carpi, A Lindberg, SE AF Carpi, A Lindberg, SE TI Sunlight-mediated emission of elemental mercury from soil amended with municipal sewage sludge SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLUXES; VAPOR; SURFACES; TESTS AB We studied the fate and atmospheric emission of mercury (Hg) from soil amended with municipal sewage sludge using a Teflon dynamic flux chamber. A sunlight-mediated, in situ reduction of oxidized Hg to volatile elemental mercury (Hg-0) resulted in the atmospheric transport of Hg from land-applied sludge. The reduction of oxidized Hg to Hg-O occurred in a shallow layer of surface soil (<0.5 cm), where light penetration was possible. Sludge application increased soil Hg-0 emission by 1-2 orders of magnitude, to a daily average emission rate of similar to 100 ng m(-2) h(-1) greater than background. In the United States and Europe, municipal sewage sludge application to land may be responsible for the flux of similar to 5 x 10(6) g yr(-1) of Hg-0 to the atmosphere. Considering that municipal sludge is used extensively as a soil amendment worldwide, the land application of sewage sludge warrants further study as a global source of atmospheric Hg. This research calls into question the stability of any land application of Hg-contaminated materials; all surface application of Hg waste represents a potential source of atmospheric Hg-0. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Carpi, A (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,BOYCE THOMPSON INST PLANT RES,FIELD ENVIRONM TOXICOL,TOWER RD,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 32 TC 137 Z9 152 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 31 IS 7 BP 2085 EP 2091 DI 10.1021/es960910+ PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XH483 UT WOS:A1997XH48300058 ER PT J AU Polian, A Itie, JP Grimsditch, M Badro, J Philippot, E AF Polian, A Itie, JP Grimsditch, M Badro, J Philippot, E TI Berlinites under pressure SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE AND INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SIO2 ALPHA-QUARTZ; X-RAY-ABSORPTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; INDUCED AMORPHIZATION; PHASE-TRANSITION; MEMORY-GLASS; ALPO4; GAPO4; TRANSFORMATIONS; TEMPERATURE AB Berlinites, compounds with the generic formula ABO(4), form a class of materials isostructural to quartz, with a doubling of the unit cell along the c-axis. The A atoms are either Al or Ga and B are P or As. These materials were studied as a function of pressure by x-ray diffraction and x-ray absorption, and some of them by Brillouin and Raman scattering. The ambient condition quartz structure is destabilized by the pressure, and transition(s) to denser phases, either amorphous or crystalline, are observed. The structure of the high pressure phase has been solved for alpha-GaPO4. It is orthorhombic and belongs io the Cmcm or a closely related space group, like the high pressure phase of cristobalite form of this compound. The room temperature phase diagram of these compounds is discussed. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. ECOLE NORMALE SUPER LYON,LAB SCI TERRE,F-69364 LYON 07,FRANCE. UNIV MONTPELLIER 2,LAB PHYSICOCHIM MAT SOLIDES,F-34095 MONTPELLIER 05,FRANCE. RP Polian, A (reprint author), UNIV PARIS 06,CNRS,URA 782,B 77,4 PL JUSSIEU,F-75252 PARIS 05,FRANCE. RI Badro, James/A-6003-2011; Polian, Alain/E-1555-2017 OI Polian, Alain/0000-0003-2261-9114 NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU GAUTHIER-VILLARS PI PARIS PA 120 BLVD SAINT-GERMAIN, 75280 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0992-4361 J9 EUR J SOL STATE INOR JI Eur. J. Solid State Inorg. Chem. PD JUL-SEP PY 1997 VL 34 IS 7-8 BP 669 EP 678 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA YL577 UT WOS:A1997YL57700005 ER PT J AU Badyal, YS Saboungi, ML Price, DL Haeffner, DR Shastri, SD AF Badyal, YS Saboungi, ML Price, DL Haeffner, DR Shastri, SD TI Atomic and electronic structure of liquid iron trichloride SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB This letter describes the combined use of high-energy X-ray diffraction and neutron diffraction to investigate the problem of the structure of liquid FeCl3. The results confirm the picture of liquid iron chloride consisting of closely packed Fe2Cl6 bitetrahedral molecules which have an atomic structure consistent with the electron diffraction results in the vapor. Comparison of the X-ray and neutron results at low Q suggests a paramagnetic moment about half that expected for a free Fe3+ ion, and confirms che picture suggested previously for topological and chemical short-range and intermediate-range order in the melt. Comparison of the X-ray diffraction data with molecular-dynamics results suggests a charge transfer intermediate between an atomic and fully ionic charge distribution, consistent with recent ab initio molecular orbital calculations. RP Badyal, YS (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB, 9700 S CASS AVE, ARGONNE, IL 60439 USA. RI Price, David Long/A-8468-2013; Saboungi, Marie-Louise/C-5920-2013 OI Saboungi, Marie-Louise/0000-0002-0607-4815 NR 18 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD JUL 1 PY 1997 VL 39 IS 1 BP 19 EP 24 DI 10.1209/epl/i1997-00307-8 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XK072 UT WOS:A1997XK07200004 ER PT J AU Briner, BG Hofmann, P Doering, M Rust, HP Plummer, EW Bradshaw, AM AF Briner, BG Hofmann, P Doering, M Rust, HP Plummer, EW Bradshaw, AM TI Observation of interfering Bloch waves SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LAYERS AB We have observed anisotropic standing waves on the Be(10 (1) over bar 0) surface using a low-temperature scanning tunnelling microscope (STM). Such charge density oscillations result from interference of electronic states near scattering centers. Since the charge density on Be(10 (1) over bar 0) is mainly provided by a surface state located near the edge of the first Brillouin zone, the wave functions are significantly different from plane waves. It is shown how this difference is reflected in the STM images. By numerical post-processing we find that the observed wave patterns exhibit a multiperiodic structure with individual periods differing by inverse lattice vectors. This result constitutes a direct experimental illustration of the Bloch theorem for electrons in a periodic potential. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Briner, BG (reprint author), MAX PLANCK GESELL,FRITZ HABER INST,FARADAYWEG 4-6,D-14195 BERLIN,GERMANY. RI Hofmann, Philip/B-5938-2008 OI Hofmann, Philip/0000-0002-7367-5821 NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 6 PU EDITIONS PHYSIQUE PI LES ULIS CEDEX PA Z I DE COURTABOEUF AVE 7 AV DU HOGGAR, BP 112, 91944 LES ULIS CEDEX, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD JUL 1 PY 1997 VL 39 IS 1 BP 67 EP 72 DI 10.1209/epl/i1997-00315-2 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XK072 UT WOS:A1997XK07200012 ER PT J AU Nolan, JP Hammerstedt, RH AF Nolan, JP Hammerstedt, RH TI Regulation of membrane stability and the acrosome reaction in mammalian sperm SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE sperm maturation; capacitation; lipid asymmetry; polyunsaturated fatty acids; cholesterol ID TRANSBILAYER PHOSPHOLIPID DISTRIBUTION; PROTEIN-TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION; RAM EPIDIDYMAL SPERMATOZOA; VESICULAR STOMATITIS-VIRUS; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; ZONA-PELLUCIDA; CELL-MEMBRANES; SURFACE MODIFICATIONS; BIOLOGICAL-MEMBRANES; ERYTHROCYTE-MEMBRANE AB Membrane destabilization is an essential step in the process of membrane. fusion. In many cell types, exocytotic fusion may occur sporadically at microscopically localized sites on the surface of the cell, making it difficult to study the chemical and physical features of the membrane (or membranes) that promote fusion, In the sperm cell, exocytosis occurs synchronously at a distinct region on the sperm head. This localization of function makes the sperm cell a useful model to investigate the structural features of the bilayers that control membrane fusion, During sperm maturation, the anterior head membranes undergo a well-defined series of chemical, physical, and functional changes that are necessary to produce a fertile gamete. These changes include the addition of highly unsaturated phosphatidylcholine, a decrease in general membrane stability, and an increase in the ability to respond to physiological and pharmacological inducers of exocytosis. Concomitant addition of cholesterol and an actively maintained asymmetric transmembrane phospholipid distribution modulate these effects to stabilize the membrane of the mature sperm for storage, The environment of the female tract provides conditions that promote efflux of cholesterol from the sperm plasma membrane as well as the loss of membrane asymmetry. The cholesterol-poor, lipid-symmetric plasma membrane has a destabilized inner leaflet that facilitates membrane fusion upon binding of the sperm to the appropriate egg coat receptors, We summarize these features in a mechanistic model in which the sperm membrane contains destabilizing components to confer fusogenic potential as well as stabilizing components organized to maximize membrane integrity. This combination prevents premature fusion in the male tract, After deposition in the female tract and removal of the stabilizing components, followed by reorganization of the fusogenic components, the membrane becomes poised to fuse upon receipt of the final biological stimulus. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOL BIOL,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. RP Nolan, JP (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,LS-5,M-888,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-01315]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD-13099] NR 102 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 3 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 11 IS 8 BP 670 EP 682 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA XN027 UT WOS:A1997XN02700007 PM 9240968 ER PT J AU Chandler, DP Brockman, FJ Fredrickson, JK AF Chandler, DP Brockman, FJ Fredrickson, JK TI Use of 16S rDNA clone libraries to study changes in a microbial community resulting from ex situ perturbation of a subsurface sediment SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Subsurface Microbiology CY SEP 15-21, 1996 CL DAVOS, SWITZERLAND DE 16S rRNA; subsurface; polymerase chain reaction; clone library; sediment ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; DEEP SUBSURFACE; HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA; PCR AMPLIFICATION; DIVERSITY; SOIL; ENVIRONMENTS; SEQUENCES; NUMBERS; STORAGE AB Total community DNA was isolated from a series of low-biomass subsurface sediments immediately after coring, either maintained as intact cores or homogenized and maintained at 17 degrees C for up to 21 weeks. Eubacterial 16S rRNA genes were recovered by PCR amplification, and full-length, cloned genes were digested with CfoI. Resulting restriction enzyme patterns were used to group clones into specific RFLP groups. The abundance and distribution of individual clones within the RFLP groups was used to assess the changes in community structure as a function of storage time and sample condition (i.e., intact versus homogenized). Ninety-eight different RFLP groups were identified in tote. Large subsets of new RFLP groups were continuously identified at increasing times post-sampling. Only 12 specific RFLP patterns were identified in both homogenized and intact samples, however, indicating that the response of these communities varied significantly between the homogenized and intact sediments. Further, a comparison of clone libraries from the multiple sample treatments provided evidence that the relative abundance of clones within specific RFLP groups reflected a change in the abundance of that specific RFLP group within the microbial community. These results support the hypothesis that both growth and resuscitational processes are responsible for post-sampling stimulation of subsurface microorganisms. These and similar approaches will further enhance our ability to more rigorously analyze the composition and structure of low-biomass (e.g., < 10(5) cells g(-1)), subsurface microbial communities. RP Chandler, DP (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, 900 BATTELLE BLVD, MAIL STOP K4-06, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 46 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-6445 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL REV JI Fems Microbiol. Rev. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 20 IS 3-4 BP 217 EP 230 DI 10.1016/S0168-6445(97)00009-0 PG 14 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XV020 UT WOS:A1997XV02000005 ER PT J AU Brockman, FJ Murray, CJ AF Brockman, FJ Murray, CJ TI Subsurface microbiological heterogeneity: Current knowledge, descriptive approaches and applications SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Subsurface Microbiology CY SEP 15-21, 1996 CL DAVOS, SWITZERLAND DE cross-correlogram; geostatistics; scale; spatial heterogeneity; variability; variogram ID SHRUB-STEPPE ECOSYSTEM; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; SOIL DENITRIFICATION; AQUIFER; BIODEGRADATION; OPTIMIZATION; SEDIMENTS; TRANSPORT; VARIABLES; PATTERNS AB Improved understanding of the spatial and temporal distribution of microbiological properties and processes is critical due to the relative difficulty and high cost of obtaining large numbers of subsurface samples. Quantification of spatial patterns in subsurface environments is important because it is well known that geologic, hydrologic and geochemical properties are not constant in space; rather, they are spatially autocorrelated, or related over certain length scales. Preliminary research indicates that subsurface microbiological properties have similar length scales, and the microbiological properties appear to be spatially correlated to geologic, hydrologic and/or geochemical properties. Temporal variability can also be important in subsurface systems that receive seasonal recharge. In order to better understand heterogeneous subsurface systems, it is critical to sample such that the spatial and temporal patterns are adequately captured, and understand what is causing the variability and spatial patterns. Improved understanding in these two areas will yield more efficient sampling schemes, assist in defining factors that control the distribution of microbiological properties at the field scale, and increase the ability to predict and ultimately model the distribution of microbiological properties and the responses of microbial communities to environmental perturbations such as subsurface contaminant transport and bioremediation. RP Brockman, FJ (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, POB 999, MAILSTOP K4-06, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 36 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 4 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0168-6445 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL REV JI Fems Microbiol. Rev. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 20 IS 3-4 BP 231 EP 247 DI 10.1016/S0168-6445(97)00010-7 PG 17 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XV020 UT WOS:A1997XV02000006 ER PT J AU Stevens, T AF Stevens, T TI Lithoautotrophy in the subsurface SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Subsurface Microbiology CY SEP 15-21, 1996 CL DAVOS, SWITZERLAND DE subsurface; chemolithoautotrophic; primary production; extraterrestrial; Mars; lithotrophy ID SOUTHEASTERN SWEDEN; OIL-FIELD; DEEP; BACTERIA; CARBON; LIFE; ECOSYSTEMS; MARS; TERRESTRIAL; GROUNDWATER AB If microorganisms can carry out primary production within the Earth's crust, then the biosphere might not be totally dependent on surface-based photosynthesis. Potential chemical energy from purely geochemical sources within the earth can support growth of a number of known microorganisms, chiefly strict anaerobes, such as methanogens, homoacetogens, and sulfate-reducers. (Chemo)lithoautotrophic microorganisms have been detected in sedimentary systems, but they have not been shown to carry out primary production in situ, at least not without some dependence on surface-based photosynthesis. Microbial communities within igneous rock formations might, of necessity, be based on in situ primary production. Evidence has emerged for the presence of microorganism in basalt below the sea floor, but data on in situ activity are not yet in hand. Microbial communities have been observed, within continental flood basalts and granitic plutons, which appear to be based on in situ primary production by anaerobic bacteria. Geochemical measurements have confirmed that in; situ activity is lithoautotrophic. This evidence for subsurface lithoautotrophic microbial ecosystems, which are not dependent on surface organisms, may have profound implications for life on the early Earth, and on other planets, including Mars. RP Stevens, T (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, P7-54, POB 999, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 56 TC 61 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-6445 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL REV JI Fems Microbiol. Rev. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 20 IS 3-4 BP 327 EP 337 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6976.1997.tb00318.x PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XV020 UT WOS:A1997XV02000013 ER PT J AU Ringelberg, DB Sutton, S White, DC AF Ringelberg, DB Sutton, S White, DC TI Biomass, bioactivity and biodiversity: microbial ecology of the deep subsurface: analysis of ester-linked phospholipid fatty acids SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Subsurface Microbiology CY SEP 15-21, 1996 CL DAVOS, SWITZERLAND DE microbial ecology; ester-linked phospholipid fatty acid; signature lipid biomarkers; in situ ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SEDIMENTS; PROFILES AB To understand the ecology of microorganisms in deep subsurface sediments, it is necessary to utilize analyses which look at communities in situ since culturable organisms represent a small fraction of the extant microbiota. Application of the signature lipid biomarker (SLB) technology provides quantitative measures of viable biomass (abundance and distribution), community composition and insight into the nutritional physiological status of the community. With this analysis it was possible to define differences in the communities of different geologic horizons with differing geochemical and geophysical compositions. Although a number of different sites across the continental United States have been studied, the focus of this report is on a single site located in the semi-arid west in New Mexico state where late cretaceous (120-135 Myr) shales and sandstones could be sampled. Sediment cores from this site yielded ester-linked phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) indicating the presence of viable microbiota as well as diglyceride fatty acids (DGFA) which described the recently dead or non-viable populations of microorganisms. Both the spatial distribution and the nature of PLFA and DGFA were examined under the premises of two hypotheses: (1) that microorganisms in unheated shales would be similar to modern near shore marine sediment organisms and would be absent from heated (volcanic) shales and (2) that different microbial communities would be detected in shales and sandstones as a result of environmental influences and restrictions both at the time of deposition and in subsequent diagenesis. C1 USA,WATERWAYS EXPT STN,DYNTEL CORP,VICKSBURG,MS 39180. MIAMI UNIV,OXFORD,OH 45056. UNIV TENNESSEE,CTR ENVIRONM BIOTECHNOL,KNOXVILLE,TN 37932. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NR 13 TC 58 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-6445 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL REV JI Fems Microbiol. Rev. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 20 IS 3-4 BP 371 EP 377 DI 10.1016/S0168-6445(97)00019-3 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XV020 UT WOS:A1997XV02000017 ER PT J AU Colwell, FS Onstott, TC Delwiche, ME Chandler, D Fredrickson, JK Yao, QJ McKinley, JP Boone, DR Griffiths, R Phelps, TJ Ringelberg, D White, DC LaFreniere, L Balkwill, D Lehman, RM Konisky, J Long, PE AF Colwell, FS Onstott, TC Delwiche, ME Chandler, D Fredrickson, JK Yao, QJ McKinley, JP Boone, DR Griffiths, R Phelps, TJ Ringelberg, D White, DC LaFreniere, L Balkwill, D Lehman, RM Konisky, J Long, PE TI Microorganisms from deep, high temperature sandstones: Constraints on microbial colonization SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Subsurface Microbiology CY SEP 15-21, 1996 CL DAVOS, SWITZERLAND DE subsurface; microbial survival; microbial transport; sandstone; iron-reducing bacteria; fermenter ID SUBSURFACE SEDIMENTS; TERRESTRIAL SUBSURFACE; BACTERIA; GEOCHEMISTRY; ECOSYSTEMS; BIOSPHERE; REDUCTION; SURVIVAL; PRESSURE; CARBON AB Cores were collected from Late Cretaceous and Early Tertiary rocks in the Piceance Basin of western Colorado, USA, to investigate the origins of subsurface microorganisms under geological conditions likely to constrain microbial transport and survival. The sampled strata from 856-862, 1996-1997 and 2091-2096 m recorded peak paleotemperatures of 120-145 degrees C from 40-5 million years ago, while present temperatures range from 43 to 85 degrees C. Cores were analyzed for culturable anaerobic bacteria (Fe(III)- and Mn(IV)-reducing bacteria, fermenters, sulfate reducers, nitrate reducers and methanogens), ester-linked phospholipid fatty acid and selected enzyme and physiological activities. Measurable but low biomass (total phospholipid fatty acid) and anaerobic bacteria, primarily Fe(III) reducers and fermenters, were present in samples from the 856-862 m core; Cores from greater depths yielded only a single positive enrichment and lower biomass values. Methanogens and sulfate reducers were not detected in any of the samples nor were bacteria that could grow with methane and any added electron acceptors. I6S rRNA genes cloned from products of PCR amplification of DNA extracted from an 858 m, 65 degrees C, Fe(III)-reducing enrichment were most closely related to bacteria in the genus Desulfotomaculum, Gram-positive, spore-forming sulfate-reducing bacteria. Assuming the maximum temperatures would have eliminated any entrained bacteria, these anaerobic microorganisms likely migrated into the shallower Wasatch formation within the last 5 million years. However, the deepest stratum sampled was hydrologically isolated and lacked any indication of microbial colonization by all biological measures. Hydrologic connection to the surface, high maximum temperatures and the presence of fractures are probably the primary factors that control distribution of microorganisms in these deep rock environments. C1 PRINCETON UNIV, DEPT GEOL, PRINCETON, NJ 08544 USA. PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. OREGON GRAD INST, BEAVERTON, OR 97006 USA. OREGON STATE UNIV, DEPT FOREST SCI, FOREST SCI LAB 020, CORVALLIS, OR 97331 USA. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. UNIV TENNESSEE, CTR ENVIRONM BIOTECHNOL, KNOXVILLE, TN 37932 USA. ARGONNE NATL LAB, ARGONNE, IL 60439 USA. FLORIDA STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOL SCI, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32306 USA. UNIV ILLINOIS, DEPT MICROBIOL, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. RP Colwell, FS (reprint author), IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB, DEPT BIOTECHNOL, POB 1625, IDAHO FALLS, ID 83415 USA. RI phelps, tommy/A-5244-2011; Long, Philip/F-5728-2013; OI Long, Philip/0000-0003-4152-5682; Lehman, Michael/0000-0002-3391-3178 NR 35 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-6445 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL REV JI Fems Microbiol. Rev. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 20 IS 3-4 BP 425 EP 435 DI 10.1016/S0168-6445(97)00024-7 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XV020 UT WOS:A1997XV02000022 ER PT J AU DeFlaun, MF Murray, CJ Holben, W Scheibe, T Mills, A Ginn, T Griffin, T Majer, E Wilson, JL AF DeFlaun, MF Murray, CJ Holben, W Scheibe, T Mills, A Ginn, T Griffin, T Majer, E Wilson, JL TI Preliminary observations on bacterial transport in a coastal plain aquifer SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Subsurface Microbiology CY SEP 15-21, 1996 CL DAVOS, SWITZERLAND DE bacterial transport; adhesion; bioaugmentation; subsurface heterogeneity; bioremediation ID OUTCROP ANALOG; SANDY AQUIFER; PERMEABILITY; HETEROGENEITY; RESERVOIRS; SANDSTONE; BASIN AB A multidisciplinary research team, funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Subsurface Science Program, initiated a field-scale bacterial transport study in a sandy aquifer on the coastal plain of Virginia in 1994. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the relative importance of hydrogeological and geochemical heterogeneity in controlling bacterial transport. Extensive geophysical and geochemical characterization of the site was accomplished using intact cores obtained during the construction of the flow field and in a nearby sand pit exposure of the sedimentary facies found in the flow field. Geophysical techniques, including ground penetrating radar and cross borehole tomography, were used to relate the depositional environment of the sand pit to the flow field as well as to produce a 3-dimensional depiction of the flow field to be used in modeling the site and the results of the injection experiments. The 30 m long flow cell consists of ground water production and injection wells, a tracer injection well, and 10 multilevel samplers screened every half meter from 4.0 to 10.5 m below ground surface, The organization that owns the field site required that only native microorganisms be introduced at the site, therefore, the injected bacterial strain was isolated from the indigenous community in the aquifer. Candidate strains were selected by a protocol that enriched for phenotypes of low adhesion and non-clinical antibiotic resistance which could be used to detect the organism on selective media. The bacteria were selected for low adhesion to site sediments so that they might be readily transported through the aquifer. For the field injection experiment detection and quantitation of the strain chosen by this screening process, PL2W31, was accomplished by isotopically enriching the cells with [C-13]glucose. Forced gradient conservative (Br-) tracer tests were performed immediately prior to the bacterial injection experiment to provide a measure of non-reactive transport through the aquifer. The non-reactive tracer test indicated the presence of hydrogeological heterogeneities at the site that caused differential breakthrough of the tracer. Results from the bacterial transport experiment indicate that bacteria traveled the length of the Row field (4 m), but that the majority of the biomass injected was retained in the sediments between the injection well and the first multilevel sampler at 0.5 m. Preliminary bacterial transport models indicate that the observed behavior could be accounted for by the presence of two subpopulations within a single bacterial strain with differing transport properties. C1 PACIFIC NW NATL LAB,RICHLAND,WA. UNIV MONTANA,MISSOULA,MT 59812. UNIV VIRGINIA,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DAVIS,CA. GOLDER FED SERV,OAK RIDGE,TN. LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB,BERKELEY,CA. NEW MEXICO INST MIN & TECHNOL,SOCORRO,NM 87801. RP DeFlaun, MF (reprint author), ENVIROGEN INC,4100 QUAKERBRIDGE RD,LAWRENCEVILLE,NJ 08648, USA. RI Scheibe, Timothy/A-8788-2008 OI Scheibe, Timothy/0000-0002-8864-5772 NR 18 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-6445 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL REV JI Fems Microbiol. Rev. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 20 IS 3-4 BP 473 EP 487 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6976.1997.tb00331.x PG 15 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XV020 UT WOS:A1997XV02000026 ER PT J AU VanWinkle, W Coutant, CC Jager, HI Mattice, JS Orth, DJ Otto, RG Railsback, SF Sale, MJ AF VanWinkle, W Coutant, CC Jager, HI Mattice, JS Orth, DJ Otto, RG Railsback, SF Sale, MJ TI Uncertainty and instream flow standards: Perspectives based on hydropower research and assessment SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article RP VanWinkle, W (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,POB 2008,BLDG 1505,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. OI Railsback, Steven/0000-0002-5923-9847; Orth, Donald/0000-0002-9236-0147 NR 8 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JUL PY 1997 VL 22 IS 7 BP 21 EP 22 PG 2 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA XG298 UT WOS:A1997XG29800007 ER PT J AU Nikitenko, AI Tolokonnikov, SM Cook, R AF Nikitenko, AI Tolokonnikov, SM Cook, R TI The design of the Ballistic furnace and initial microshells formation experiments SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY SEP, 1996 CL ORCAS ISL, WA ID IGNITION AB The design and operation of a new ''Ballistic Furnace'' facility at the Lebedev Physical Institute for producing large plastic shells from solid polystyrene granules is presented, along with the results of the first experimental trials. Good quality shells with diameters up to 1.7 mm have been produced, though surface debris is a serious problem. AFM surface characterization of these shells is presented. The formation of several shells from a single initial granule has been experimentally observed. Based on our initial experimental results, the problems, possible routes to their solution, and other upgrade possibilities for the Ballistic Furnace that will result in improved shell quality will be discussed. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. RP Nikitenko, AI (reprint author), RUSSIAN ACAD SCI, PN LEBEDEV PHYS INST, MOSCOW, RUSSIA. RI Tolokonnikov, Sergei/N-3008-2015; Nikitenko, Andrei/N-3055-2015 OI Tolokonnikov, Sergei/0000-0002-2188-7662; NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 31 IS 4 BP 385 EP 390 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA XK366 UT WOS:A1997XK36600004 ER PT J AU Hamilton, KE Letts, SA Buckley, SR Fearon, EM Wilemski, G Cook, RC SchroenCarey, D Schafer, WJ AF Hamilton, KE Letts, SA Buckley, SR Fearon, EM Wilemski, G Cook, RC SchroenCarey, D Schafer, WJ TI The role of reactant transport in determining the properties of NIF shells made by interfacial polycondensation SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY SEP, 1996 CL ORCAS ISL, WA ID LASER FUSION; POLYSTYRENES; DEGRADATION; DIFFUSION AB Polymer shells up to 2 mm in diameter were prepared using an interfacial polycondensation/cross-linking reaction occurring at the surface of an oil drop. The oil phase is comprised of a solution (20 wt% or less) of isophthaloyl dichloride (IPC) dissolved in an organic solvent. An interfacial reaction is initiated when the IPC-loaded oil drop is submerged in an aqueous solution of poly(p-vinylphenol) (PVP), a poly(electrolyte) at elevated pH. Composition, structure, and surface finish for fully-formed dry shells were assessed using a number of techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), pyrolysis-gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectroscopy (MS), microhardness measurements, gas permeability, and solvent permeability measurements. From deposition rate data, a reaction mechanism and key reaction parameters were identified. The deposition rate of shell membrane material was found to be a diffusion limited reaction of IPC through the forming membrane to the exterior shell interface (which is believed to be the reaction front). The final thickness of the film deposited at the interface and the rate of deposition were found to be strong functions of the IPC concentration and oil phase solvent. Films made with diethyl phthalate (DEP) were thinner and harder than films made using 1,6-dichlorohexane (DCH) as a solvent. Differences in solubility of the forming membrane in DCH and DEP appear to be able to account for the differences in deposition rate and the hardness (related to cross-linking density). The deposition can be thought of as a phase separation which is affected by both the poly(electrolyte)/ionomer transition and the amount of cross-linking. Finally, it was found that the choice of oil phase solvent profoundly affects the evolution of the outer surface roughness. C1 WJ SCHAFER & ASSOCIATES, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. RP Hamilton, KE (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, POB 808, L-474, LIVERMORE, CA 94551 USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 31 IS 4 BP 391 EP 401 PG 11 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA XK366 UT WOS:A1997XK36600005 ER PT J AU Dittrich, TR Haan, SW Pollaine, S Burnham, AK Strobel, GL AF Dittrich, TR Haan, SW Pollaine, S Burnham, AK Strobel, GL TI NIF capsule design update SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY SEP, 1996 CL ORCAS ISL, WA AB We describe several ignition capsule designs, for use in the National Ignition Facility, We compare these designs for ablator efficiency, ignition margin, implosion and stability performance, This study includes capsule designs driven by x-ray drive profiles with both 300 eV and 250 eV peak temperatures. All of the 300 eV designs are tuned to implode the DT fuel in a nearly identical manner. Capsule designs consist of an ablator material (CH with Br dopant; polyimid; Be with Cu dopant; and B4C) encasing a layer of solid DT. The dopants alter material opacities sufficiently to 1) shield the DT fuel from preheat. effects; and 2) develop an ablation front density profile favorable to implosion stability. B4C has sufficient opacity at 300 eV that a dopant is not, necessary. Issues relating to material properties and fabrication are described. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP Dittrich, TR (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 808,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 5 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 31 IS 4 BP 402 EP 405 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA XK366 UT WOS:A1997XK36600006 ER PT J AU Fearon, EM Letts, SA Allison, LM Cook, RC AF Fearon, EM Letts, SA Allison, LM Cook, RC TI Adapting the decomposable mandrel technique to build specialty ICF targets SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY SEP, 1996 CL ORCAS ISL, WA ID IMPLOSIONS AB In this paper we describe our efforts to produce ICF target capsules with either controlled inner surface roughness of thin metallic diagnostic layers by adapting the decomposable mandrel technique previously developed at LLNL. To modify the capsule's inner surface we laser ablated a pattern on a poly(alpha-methylstyrene) (PAMS) shell, overcoated it with plasma polymer and then thermally decomposed the inner mandrel to leave the plasma polymer shell with the imprint of the laser ablated mandrel pattern. In this fashion we have been able to produce shells with controlled inner surface bumps. However, these bumps are correlated with outer surface pits. To place a thin metallic diagnostic layer on the inner capsule surface we applied a 50 Angstrom titanium sputter coating to a smooth PAMS shell, overcoated with plasma polymer, and then thermally decomposed the mandrel to leave a plasma polymer shell with the titanium layer on the inner surface, Surface analysis showed that this process resulted in shells with a relatively long wavelength roughness, possibly due to the action of the metallic layer as a permeation barrier. RP Fearon, EM (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA 94551 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 31 IS 4 BP 406 EP 410 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA XK366 UT WOS:A1997XK36600007 ER PT J AU Dorogotovtsev, VM Akunets, AA Merkuliev, YA Turivnoy, AP Reibold, R Fearon, E Cook, R AF Dorogotovtsev, VM Akunets, AA Merkuliev, YA Turivnoy, AP Reibold, R Fearon, E Cook, R TI Thermal decomposition of polystyrene in the high temperature fabrication technology of hollow microspheres SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY SEP, 1996 CL ORCAS ISL, WA AB The degree and nature of polymer degradation that occurs in the high temperature microshell formation process developed at the Lebedev Physical Institute has been examined experimentally. We find that significant mass degradation occurs during the final stages of shell formation, This manifests itself both in terms of mass loss and molecular weight degradation as measured by gel permeation chromatography. This decrease in the molecular weight may be in part responsible for the relatively fragile nature of the shells produced by this high temperature process. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA USA. RP Dorogotovtsev, VM (reprint author), RUSSIAN ACAD SCI, PN LEBEDEV PHYS INST, MOSCOW, RUSSIA. RI Akunets, Alexander/M-9645-2015; Dorogotovtsev, Valeriy/N-3692-2015 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 31 IS 4 BP 424 EP 430 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA XK366 UT WOS:A1997XK36600010 ER PT J AU McEachern, R Alford, C Cook, R Makowiecki, D Wallace, R AF McEachern, R Alford, C Cook, R Makowiecki, D Wallace, R TI Sputter-deposited Be ablators for NIF target capsules SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY SEP, 1996 CL ORCAS ISL, WA ID IGNITION AB We have performed a series of preliminary experiments to determine whether sputter deposition of doped Be is a practical route to producing NIF target capsules with Be ablators. Films ranging in thickness from 7 to similar to 120 mu m have been deposited on spherical polymer mandrels using a bounce pan to ensure uniform coating. With no voltage bias applied to the pan, relatively porous coatings were formed that were highly permeable to hydrogen. The surface finish of these films ranged from similar to 250 nm rms for 13-mu m-thick films to a minimum of similar to 75 nm rms for an 80-mu m-thick film. Application of a voltage bias was found to significantly modify the film morphology. At a bias of 120 V, 7-mu m-thick films with a dense, fine-grained microstructure were produced. These capsules had a reflective surface with a 50 nm rms roughness. Finally, to demonstrate the ability to produce a graded dopant profile, a coating was produced in which the concentration of added Cu was varied from 2.5 atom % at the beginning to zero after 40 mu m of deposition. RP McEachern, R (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 808,L-481,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 4 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 31 IS 4 BP 435 EP 441 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA XK366 UT WOS:A1997XK36600012 ER PT J AU Springer, RW Cameron, BJ Reeves, GA AF Springer, RW Cameron, BJ Reeves, GA TI New methods - Experimental and theoretical - To control thin film properties for target fabrication SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY SEP, 1996 CL ORCAS ISL, WA AB A new ion beam technology has been developed which allows the specific control of a number of material parameters not previously or easily controlled during thin film fabrication. The new device is a modified Kaufman ion source. The principal differences are in the design of the grids, and the fact that the gun has an open bottom structure. An additional grid has been added on the bottom to contain the plasma and force the gun to be ''unidirectional.'' The gun operates by forming an electron driven plasma in the center, while allowing evaporated material to pass through this plasma. When the material moves through the plasma, it may also be ionized by the Penning process, or by electron impact. The voltage of the plasma, referenced to the substrate, may be adjusted from similar to 100 volts to similar to 1000 volts. As the ionized plasma and deposit leave the chamber, they pass by a hot filament which provides electrons to create a charge neutral beam. Thus both insulating and conducting materials may be deposited on both insulating and conducting substrates. Another important property that can be controlled using the FTIG is the orientation of the crystal structure. Films of MgO and YSZ have been deposited in an oriented state. These cubic structures can be ''forced'' to a preferred 111, 220, 200, or random orientation, depending on the rate of deposit and gun voltage. A practical example of a solved problem using new modeling techniques and the Flow Through Ion Grin (FTIG) is described. The problem is to apply a platinum coating to aluminum which forms an oxide and makes film adhesion difficult with noble metals. The FTIG was used to pre-clean the inside surface, and subsequently deposit gold. Due to the aspect ratio of the cylinder, two cleaning and deposit cycles were required. Platinum distributions from an electron beam gun were used to compute a thickness uniformity on the inside of the cylinder. The uniformity was computed and measured to be similar to 10% from end to end. The film microstructure was compared with thin film ballistic computations using SIMBAD, and the agreement found to be excellent. RP Springer, RW (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 31 IS 4 BP 449 EP 455 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA XK366 UT WOS:A1997XK36600014 ER PT J AU Burnham, AK Alford, CS Makowiecki, DM Dittrich, TR Wallace, RJ Honea, EC King, CM Steinman, D AF Burnham, AK Alford, CS Makowiecki, DM Dittrich, TR Wallace, RJ Honea, EC King, CM Steinman, D TI Evaluation of B4C as an ablator material for NIF capsules SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY SEP, 1996 CL ORCAS ISL, WA ID BORON AB Boron carbide (B4C) is examined as a potential fuel container and ablator for implosion capsules on the National Ignition Facility (NIF). A capsule of pure B4C encasing a layer of solid DT implodes stably and ignites with anticipated NIF x-ray drives, producing 18 MJ of energy. Thin films of B4C were found to be resistant to oxidation and modestly transmitting in the infrared (IR), possibly enabling IR fuel characterization and enhancement for thin permeation barriers but not for full-thickness capsules. Polystyrene mandrels 0.5 mm in diameter were successfully coated with 0.15-2.0 mu m of B4C. Thicknesses estimated from optical density agreed well with those measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The B4C microstructure was columnar but finer than for Be made at the same conditions. B4C is a very strong material, with a fiber tensile strength capable of holding MF fill pressures at room temperature, but it is also very brittle, and microscopic flaws or grain structure may limit the noncryogenic fill pressure. Argon (Ar) permeation rates were measured for a few capsules that had been further coated with 5 mu m of plasma polymer. The B4C coatings tended to crack under tensile load. Some shells filled more slowly than they leaked, suggesting that the cracks open and close under opposite pressure loading. As observed earlier for Ti coatings, 0.15-mu m layers of B4C had better gas retention properties than 2-mu m layers, possibly because of fewer cracks. Permeation and fill strength issues for capsules with a full ablator thickness of B4C are unresolved. C1 GEN ATOM CO,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186. RP Burnham, AK (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 808,L-481,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 31 IS 4 BP 456 EP 462 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA XK366 UT WOS:A1997XK36600015 ER PT J AU Salzer, LJ Foreman, LR Day, RD AF Salzer, LJ Foreman, LR Day, RD TI The Quick-Flip precision locator for micro machining SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY SEP, 1996 CL ORCAS ISL, WA AB Securing millimeter sized part blanks to a machine tool for machining operations to sub micron tolerances is difficult, especially when these parts must be repositioned for additional machining, inspection, or other operations. The quick-flip locator(1) fills the need for a part positioner that can be moved from one operation to another and returned while requiring minimal recentering. Furthermore it allows machining of two sides of a part with sub-micron registry without time-consuming re-centering operations. RP Salzer, LJ (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,MS E549,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 31 IS 4 BP 477 EP 481 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA XK366 UT WOS:A1997XK36600019 ER PT J AU Kozioziemski, BJ Collins, GW Bernat, TP AF Kozioziemski, BJ Collins, GW Bernat, TP TI Crystal growth and roughening of solid D-2 SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY SEP, 1996 CL ORCAS ISL, WA ID RARE-GAS CRYSTALS; FILMS AB Near the triple point, growth shapes of vapor deposited hexagonal close packed D-2 crystals reveal two crystal orientations contain facets which persist up to the melt. This observation is in contrast with previous experiments on rare gas solids and H-2 where the highest T-r measured is 0.8 T-tp. RP Kozioziemski, BJ (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 31 IS 4 BP 482 EP 484 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA XK366 UT WOS:A1997XK36600020 ER PT J AU Stephens, RB Collins, G AF Stephens, RB Collins, G TI Analysis of integrating sphere performance for IR enhanced DT layering SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY SEP, 1996 CL ORCAS ISL, WA ID TRITIUM AB Absorbed IR energy can supplement the beta decay energy from DT ice to improve the driving force toward uniform layers. A significant problem with this approach has been to deliver the added IR energy with sufficient uniformity to enhance rather than destroy the uniformity of the ice layers. Computer modeling has indicated that one can achieve similar to 1% uniformity in the angular variation of the absorbed power using an integrating sphere containing holes large enough to allow external inspection of the ice layer uniformity. The power required depends on the integrating sphere size; a 25 mm diameter sphere requires similar to 35 mW of IR to deposit as much energy in the ice as the 50 mW/cm(3)(35 mu W total) received from tritium decay in DT. Power absorbed in the plastic can cause unacceptable ice-layer non-uniformities for the integrating sphere design considered here. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. RP Stephens, RB (reprint author), GEN ATOM CO,POB 85608,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186, USA. OI Stephens, Richard/0000-0002-7034-6141 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 31 IS 4 BP 485 EP 490 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA XK366 UT WOS:A1997XK36600021 ER PT J AU Sanchez, JJ Letts, SA AF Sanchez, JJ Letts, SA TI Polyimide capsules may hold high pressure DT fuel without cryogenic support for the National Ignition Facility indirect-drive targets SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY SEP, 1996 CL ORCAS ISL, WA AB New target designs for the Omega upgrade laser and ignition targets in the National Ignition Facility (NIF) require thick (80 - 100 mu m) cryogenic fuel layers. The Omega upgrade target will require cryogenic handling after initial fill because of the high fill pressures and the thin capsule walls. For the NIF indirectly driven targets, a larger capsule size and new materials offer hope that they can be built, filled and stored in a manner similar to the targets used in the Nova facility without requiring cryogenic handling. RP Sanchez, JJ (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 5508,MS L-481,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 12 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 31 IS 4 BP 491 EP 496 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA XK366 UT WOS:A1997XK36600022 ER PT J AU Jared, BH Dow, TA Garrard, KP Moorefield, GM Barnes, C Day, RD Hatch, DJ Salzer, LJ Rivera, G AF Jared, BH Dow, TA Garrard, KP Moorefield, GM Barnes, C Day, RD Hatch, DJ Salzer, LJ Rivera, G TI Fabrication of hydrodynamic instability targets SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY SEP, 1996 CL ORCAS ISL, WA C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Jared, BH (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,PRECIS ENGN CTR,1001 CAPABIL DR,1ST FLOOR,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 31 IS 4 BP 501 EP 503 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA XK366 UT WOS:A1997XK36600024 ER PT J AU Bernat, TP AF Bernat, TP TI Eleventh Target Fabrication Specialists' Meeting - Guest editor's comments SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP Bernat, TP (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 31 IS 4 BP R5 EP R5 PG 1 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA XK366 UT WOS:A1997XK36600002 ER PT J AU Harris, NL AF Harris, NL TI Genotator: A workbench for sequence annotation SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID REGIONS; GENE AB Sequencing centers such as the Human Genome Center at LBNL are producing an ever-increasing flood of genetic data. Annotation can greatly enhance the biological value of these sequences. Useful annotations include possible gene locations, homologies to known genes, and gene signals such as promoters and splice sites. Genotator is a workbench for automated sequence annotation and annotation browsing. The back end runs a series of sequence analysis tools on a DNA sequence, handling the various input and output formats required by the tools. Genotator currently runs five different gene-finding programs, three homology searches, and searches for promoters, splice sites, and ORFs. The results of the analyses run by Genotator can be viewed with the interactive graphical browser. The browser displays color-coded sequence annotations on a canvas that carl be scrolled and zoomed, allowing the annotated sequence to be explored at multiple levels of detail. The user can view the actual DNA sequence in a separate window; when a region is selected in the map display, it is highlighted automatically in the sequence display, and vice versa. By displaying the output of all of the sequence analyses, Genotator provides an intuitive way to identify the significant regions (for example, probable exons) in a sequence. Users can interactively add personal annotations to label regions of interest. Additional capabilities of Genotator include primer design and pattern searching. RP Harris, NL (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,HUMAN GENOME INFORMAT GRP,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 19 TC 85 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS PI PLAINVIEW PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, PLAINVIEW, NY 11724 SN 1054-9803 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 7 IS 7 BP 754 EP 762 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA XM094 UT WOS:A1997XM09400011 PM 9253604 ER PT J AU Bahler, M Kehrer, I Gordon, L Stoffler, HE Olsen, AS AF Bahler, M Kehrer, I Gordon, L Stoffler, HE Olsen, AS TI Physical mapping of human myosin-IXB (MYO9B), the human orthologue of the rat myosin myr 5, to chromosome 19p13.1 SO GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-CHROMOSOME-19; CELLS; MAP C1 MAX PLANCK GESELL,FRIEDRICH MIESCHER LAB,D-72076 TUBINGEN,GERMANY. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,CTR HUMAN GENOME,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0888-7543 J9 GENOMICS JI Genomics PD JUL 1 PY 1997 VL 43 IS 1 BP 107 EP 109 DI 10.1006/geno.1997.4776 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA XK785 UT WOS:A1997XK78500016 PM 9226381 ER PT J AU Hoffman, SMG Lai, KS Tomfohrde, J Bowcock, A Gordon, LA Mohrenweiser, HW AF Hoffman, SMG Lai, KS Tomfohrde, J Bowcock, A Gordon, LA Mohrenweiser, HW TI JAK3 maps to human chromosome 19p12 within a cluster of protooncogenes and transcription factors SO GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID MICE LACKING JAK3; LYMPHOID DEVELOPMENT; CELLS; GENE; SUPERFAMILY; LEUKEMIA; CLONING; CANCER C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,CTR HUMAN GENET,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. UNIV N CAROLINA,LINEBERGER COMPREHENS CANC CTR,DEPT MED,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0888-7543 J9 GENOMICS JI Genomics PD JUL 1 PY 1997 VL 43 IS 1 BP 109 EP 111 DI 10.1006/geno.1997.4792 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA XK785 UT WOS:A1997XK78500017 PM 9226382 ER PT J AU Bargar, JR Brown, GE Parks, GA AF Bargar, JR Brown, GE Parks, GA TI Surface complexation of Pb(II) at oxide-water interfaces .1. XAFS and bond-valence determination of mononuclear and polynuclear Pb(II) sorption products on aluminum oxides SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; SOLID-SOLUTION INTERFACE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; METAL-IONS; ADSORPTION; REFINEMENT; MODEL; LEAD; (HYDR)OXIDES AB Pb(II) sorption on Al2O3 powders was studied as functions of sorption density (from 0.5 to 5.2 mu moles/m(2)) and [Pb](eq) (0.03-1.4 mM) in 0.1 M NaNO3 electrolyte solution using XAFS spectroscopy. At pH 6 and 7, Pb(II) ions were found to be fully hydrolyzed and adsorbed preferentially as mononuclear bidentate complexes to edges of AlO6 octahedra. At higher sorption densities (Gamma greater than or equal to 3.4 mu moles.m(-2)), XAFS results suggest the presence of dimeric Pb(II) surface complexes. A bond-valence model was used in conjunction with these results to constrain the compositions and reaction stoichiometries of adsorption complexes. We conclude that Pb(II) adsorption on alumina is attributable to complexation by [Al-Al(Al)(sic)O-1/2] and [Al-OH-1/2] surface functional groups. Several plausible Pb(II) adsorption reactions are proposed, based on these results, which provide a basis for chemically realistic descriptions of surface complexation of Pb(LT) on aluminum oxides. Copyright (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 STANFORD UNIV,DEPT GEOL & ENVIRONM SCI,STANFORD,CA 94305. RP Bargar, JR (reprint author), STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB,POB 4349,MS 69,STANFORD,CA 94309, USA. NR 75 TC 190 Z9 194 U1 4 U2 32 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 1997 VL 61 IS 13 BP 2617 EP 2637 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00124-5 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA XN637 UT WOS:A1997XN63700008 ER PT J AU Bargar, JR Brown, GE Parks, GA AF Bargar, JR Brown, GE Parks, GA TI Surface complexation of Pb(II) at oxide-water interfaces .2. XAFS and bond-valence determination of mononuclear Pb(II) sorption products and surface functional groups on iron oxides SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; FINE-STRUCTURE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; GOETHITE SURFACE; NATURAL-WATERS; ADSORPTION; LEAD; PARAMETERS; CD; CU AB Pb(II) sorption on goethite and hematite powders was studied at room temperature as a function of pH (6-8), sorption density (2-10 mu moles/m(2)), and [Pb](eq) (0.2 mu M - 1.2 mM) in 0.1 M NaNO3 electrolyte using XAFS spectroscopy. Pb(II) ions were found to be hydrolyzed and adsorbed as mononuclear bidentate complexes to edges of FeO6 octahedra on both goethite and hematite under all conditions. Hydrolysis of Pb(II) appears to be a primary source of proton release associated with surface complexation of Pb(II). A bond-valence model was used to relate the relative stabilities of iron-oxide surface functional groups and Pb(II) adsorption complexes to their structures and compositions. This combined approach suggests that Pb(II) adsorption occurs primarily at unprotonated [Fe-Fe(Fe)(sic)O-1/2] sites and at [Fe-OH2+1/2] sites. Several adsorption reactions are proposed. Comparison to EXAFS results from Pb(II) adsorption on aluminum oxides suggests that the edge lengths of surface AlO6 or FeO6 octahedra partially determine the reactivities and densities of available surface sites. The results of this study provide a basis for constructing chemically realistic descriptions of Pb(II) surface complexation reactions on Fe (hydr)oxides. Copyright (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 STANFORD UNIV, DEPT GEOL & ENVIRONM SCI, STANFORD, CA 94305 USA. RP Bargar, JR (reprint author), STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB, POB 4349, MS 69, STANFORD, CA 94309 USA. NR 46 TC 176 Z9 177 U1 5 U2 46 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 1997 VL 61 IS 13 BP 2639 EP 2652 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00125-7 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA XN637 UT WOS:A1997XN63700009 ER PT J AU Fredrickson, JK McKinley, JP Bjornstad, BN Long, PE Ringelberg, DB White, DC Krumholz, LR Suflita, JM Colwell, FS Lehman, RM Phelps, TJ Onstott, TC AF Fredrickson, JK McKinley, JP Bjornstad, BN Long, PE Ringelberg, DB White, DC Krumholz, LR Suflita, JM Colwell, FS Lehman, RM Phelps, TJ Onstott, TC TI Pore-size constraints on the activity and survival of subsurface bacteria in a late Cretaceous shale-sandstone sequence, northwestern New Mexico SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE phospholipid fatty acid; pore size; sandstone; shale; subsurface; sulfate reduction ID DEEP TERRESTRIAL SUBSURFACE; AEROBIC HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; CHROMIUM REDUCTION; SEDIMENTS; AQUIFER; RESUSCITATION; STARVATION; RECOVERY; SAMPLES AB To investigate the distribution of microbial biomass and activities to gain insights into the physical controls on microbial activity and potential long-term survival in the subsurface, 24 shale and sandstone cores were collected from a site in northwestern New Mexico. Bacterial biomass in the core samples ranged from below detection to 31.9 pmol total phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) g(-1) of rock with no apparent relationship between lithology and PLFA abundance. No metabolic activities, as determined by anaerobic mineralization of [C-14]acetate and [C-14]glucose and (SO42-)-S-35 reduction, were detected in core samples with pore throats <0.2 mu m in diameter, smaller than the size of known bacteria. However enrichments revealed the presence of sulfate-reducing bacteria, and (SO42-)-S-35 reduction was detected upon extended (14 days) incubation in some small-pore-throat samples. In contrast, relatively rapid rates of metabolic activity were more common in core samples containing a significant fraction of pore throats >0.2 mu m in diameter. These results suggest that subsurface bacteria require interconnected pore throats greater than 0.2 mu m diameter for sustained activity but that viable bacteria can be maintained and stimulated in poorly permeable rocks, such as shales, with restrictive pore throat diameters. In addition, the detrital organic matter in the small-pore-diameter shales is not subject to direct microbial attack. Rather, bacteria in adjacent sandstones with a more open pore structure are probably sustained by endogenous nutrients that are slowly released from the shale. These results have implications for the long-term maintenance of anoxia and the impact of anaerobic biogeochemical processes on groundwater chemistry. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE, CTR ENVIRONM BIOTECHNOL, KNOXVILLE, TN 37932 USA. UNIV OKLAHOMA, DEPT BOT & MICROBIOL, NORMAN, OK 73019 USA. IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB, IDAHO FALLS, ID 83415 USA. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, OAK RIDGE, TN USA. PRINCETON UNIV, DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS SCI, PRINCETON, NJ 08544 USA. RP Fredrickson, JK (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, POB 999,K4-06, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RI phelps, tommy/A-5244-2011; Long, Philip/F-5728-2013; OI Long, Philip/0000-0003-4152-5682; Lehman, Michael/0000-0002-3391-3178 NR 47 TC 125 Z9 130 U1 1 U2 30 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0149-0451 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PD JUL-SEP PY 1997 VL 14 IS 3 BP 183 EP 202 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA XH126 UT WOS:A1997XH12600001 ER PT J AU Price, JG Hatcher, RD AF Price, JG Hatcher, RD TI Unmapped territory SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Letter RP Price, JG (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD JUL PY 1997 VL 42 IS 7 BP 4 EP 4 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA XH502 UT WOS:A1997XH50200003 ER PT J AU Nativ, R Halleran, A Hunley, A AF Nativ, R Halleran, A Hunley, A TI Evidence for ground-water circulation in the brine-filled aquitard, Oak Ridge, Tennessee SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID BASINS AB Various geologic, hydrologic, and geochemical methods were used to assess active ground-water circulation in a brine-filled, deep (> 50 m below land surface) aquitard underlying the Oak Ridge Reservation, Tennessee. In places, the brine which was presumed to be stagnant in the past, contains various contaminants. If ground-water circulation is viable in the brine-containing formations, then remediation or containment of the deep-seated contaminants should be considered a high priority. Data used to determine this included (1) spatial and temporal pressures and hydraulic heads measured in the aquitard, (2) hydraulic parameters of the formations in question, (3) vertical temperature gradients, and (4) spatial and temporal chemical and isotopic composition of the saline ground water. Conclusions suggest that the saline water contained at depth is not isolated (in terms of recharge and discharge) from the overlying active and fresh-water- (< 500 mg/l) bearing units, Consequently, influx of young water (and contamination) from land surface does occur. Potential discharge into the shallow aquifers was assumed where the hydraulic head of the saline water was higher than that in the shallow aquifers, accounting for temperature and salinity anomalies observed close to land surface. The confined water (and dissolved solutes) move along open conduits at relatively high velocity into adjacent, more permeable units. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Nativ, R (reprint author), HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,DEPT SOIL & WATER SCI,IL-91905 JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 35 IS 4 BP 647 EP 659 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00130.x PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA XH943 UT WOS:A1997XH94300015 ER PT J AU Clement, TP Truex, MJ Hooker, BS AF Clement, TP Truex, MJ Hooker, BS TI Two-well test method for determining hydraulic properties of aquifers SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID SIMULATION AB A steady-state test to determine the hydraulic properties of an aquifer is presented, The test uses an injection-extraction well-pair to establish a two-dimensional, steady-state flow field in the tested region. At least one observation well is needed to measure the hydraulic head within the flow field, Depending on the number of observation wells, a single-observation-well method or a distance-head method is used to analyze the head data, Two field examples demonstrate the potential application of the test. The field experiments were done at the U.S. Department of Energy Hanford site near Richland, Washington. The two-well test procedure described in this work provides a useful alternative for characterizing aquifers while deploying in situ ground-water remediation systems, One of the most attractive features of this test, especially at contaminated aquifers, is that there is no water to dispose. The test is simple and economical, and it also avoids several other limitations associated with typical pumping or slug tests. RP Clement, TP (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, POB 999, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 35 IS 4 BP 698 EP 703 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00136.x PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA XH943 UT WOS:A1997XH94300021 ER PT J AU Robison, WL Noshkin, VE Conrado, CL Eagle, RJ Brunk, JL Jokela, TA Mount, ME Phillips, WA Stoker, AC Stuart, ML Wong, KM AF Robison, WL Noshkin, VE Conrado, CL Eagle, RJ Brunk, JL Jokela, TA Mount, ME Phillips, WA Stoker, AC Stuart, ML Wong, KM TI The northern Marshall Islands radiological survey: Data and dose assessments SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Cs-137; Sr-90; Marshall Islands; dose assessment AB Fallout from atmospheric nuclear tests, especially from those conducted at the Pacific Proving Grounds between 1946 and 1958, contaminated areas of the Northern Marshall Islands, A radiological survey at some Northern Marshall Islands was conducted from September through November 1978 to evaluate the extent of residual radioactive contamination, The atolls included in the Northern Marshall Islands Radiological Survey (NMIRS) were Likiep, Ailuk, Utirik, Wotho, Ujelang, Taka, Rongelap, Rongerik, Bikar, Ailinginae, and Mejit and Jemo Islands, The original test sites, Bikini and Enewetak Atolls, were also visited on the survey, An aerial survey was conducted to determine the external gamma exposure rate, Terrestrial (soil, food crops, animals, and native vegetation), cistern and well water samples, and marine (sediment, seawater, fish and clams) samples were collected to evaluate radionuclide concentrations in the atoll environment, Samples were processed and analyzed for Cs-137, Sr-90, Pu239+240 and Am-241, The dose from the ingestion pathway was calculated using the radionuclide concentration data and a diet model for local food, marine, and water consumption, The ingestion pathway contributes 70% to 90% of the estimated dose, Approximately 95% of the dose is from Cs-137. Sr-90 is the second most significant radionuclide via ingestion, External gamma exposure from Cs-137 accounts for about 10% to 30% of the dose. Pu239+240 and Am-241 are the major contributors to dose via the inhalation pathway; however, inhalation accounts for only about 1% of the total estimated dose, based on surface soil levels and resuspension studies, All doses are computed for concentrations decay corrected to 1996, The maximum annual effective dose from manmade radionuclides at these atolls ranges from .02 mSv y(-1) to 2.1 mSv y(-1). The background dose in the Marshall Islands is estimated to be 2.4 mSv y(-1). The combined dose from both background and bomb related radionuclides ranges from slightly over 2.4 mSv y(-1) to 4.5 mSv y(-1). The 50-y integral dose ranges from 0.5 to 65 mSv. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, HLTH & ECOL ASSESSMENT DIV, LIVERMORE, CA 94551 USA. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, FESSP DIV, LIVERMORE, CA 94551 USA. NR 34 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 73 IS 1 BP 37 EP 48 DI 10.1097/00004032-199707000-00004 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA XG850 UT WOS:A1997XG85000005 PM 9199217 ER PT J AU Noshkin, VE Robison, WL Wong, KM Brunk, JL Eagle, RJ Jones, HE AF Noshkin, VE Robison, WL Wong, KM Brunk, JL Eagle, RJ Jones, HE TI Past and present levels of some radionuclides in fish from Bikini and Enewetak atolls SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Marshall Islands; Cs-137; (CO)-C-60; food chain AB Bikini and Enewetak were the sites in the Northern Marshall Islands that were used by the United States as testing grounds for nuclear devices between 1946 and 1958, The testing produced close-in fallout debris that was contaminated with different radionuclides and which entered the aquatic environment, The contaminated lagoon sediments became a reservoir and source term of manmade radionuclides for the resident marine organisms. This report contains a summary of all the available data on the concentrations of Cs-137, Co-60 and Bi-207 in flesh samples of reef and pelagic fish collected from Bikini and Enewetak Atolls between 1964 and 1995, The selection of these three radionuclides for discussion is based on the fact that these are the only radionuclides that have been routinely detected by gamma spectrometry in flesh samples from all fish for the last 20 y, Flesh from fish is an important source of food in the Marshallese diet, These radionuclides along with the transuranic radionuclides and Sr-90 contribute most of the small radiological dose from ingesting marine foods, Some basic relationships among concentrations in different tissues and organs are discussed, The reef fish can be used as indicator species because their body burden is derived from feeding, over a lifetime, within a relatively small contaminated area of the lagoon, Therefore, the emphasis of this report is to use this extensive and unique concentration data base to describe the effective half lives and cycling for the radionuclides in the marine environments during the 31-y period between 1964 and 1995, The results from an anal! sis of the radionuclide concentrations in the flesh samples indicate the removal rates for the 3 radionuclides are significantly different. Cs-137 is removed from the lagoons with an effective half life of 9-12 y, Little Co-60 is mobilized to the mater column so that it is depleted in both environments, primarily through radioactive decay, The properties of Bi-207 are different at Enewetak and Bikini, At Enewetak the radionuclide is lost from the environment with an effective half live of 5.1 y, At Bikini only radioactive decay can account for the rate at which the radionuclide is lost from the lagoon. The difference in the binding properties of the sedimentary materials for Bi-207 among the two Atolls is not understood. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, HLTH & ECOL ASSESSMENT DIV, LIVERMORE, CA 94551 USA. NR 26 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 11 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 73 IS 1 BP 49 EP 65 DI 10.1097/00004032-199707000-00005 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA XG850 UT WOS:A1997XG85000006 PM 9199218 ER PT J AU Sun, LC Clinton, JH Kaplan, E Meinhold, CB AF Sun, LC Clinton, JH Kaplan, E Meinhold, CB TI Cs-137 exposure in the Marshallese populations: An assessment based on whole-body counting measurements (1989-1994) SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Marshall Islands; whole body counting; cesium; dose assessment ID BIKINI ISLAND RESIDENTS AB The Marshall Islands were the site of numerous tests of nuclear weapons by the United States. From 1946 to 1958, nuclear devices were detonated at Enewetak and Bikini Atolls. Following the inadvertent contamination of the northern islands downwind of the 1954 Bravo Test, Brookhaven National Laboratory became involved in the medical care and the radiological safety of the affected populations, One important technique employed in assessing the internally deposited radionuclides is whole-body counting. To estimate current and future exposures to Cs-137, data from 1989 to 1994 were analyzed and are reported in this paper, During this period, 3,618 measurements were made for the Marshallese. The cesium body contents were assumed to result from a series of chronic intakes. Also, it was assumed that cesium activity in the body reaches a plateau that is maintained over 365 d. We estimated the annual effective dose rate for each population, derived from the recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection, The average Cs-137 uptake measured by the whole-body counting method varies from one population io another: it was consistent with measurements of external exposure rate. The analysis, though based on limited data, indicates that there is no statistical support for a seasonal effect on Cs-137 uptake, The critical population group for cesium uptake is adult males. Within the 5-y monitoring period, all internal exposures to Cs-137 were less than 0.2 mSv y(-1). Similarly, a persistent average cesium effective dose rate of 2 mu Sv y(-1) was determined for Majuro residents. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, DEPT ADV TECHNOL, RADIOL SCI DIV, UPTON, NY 11973 USA. NR 73 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 73 IS 1 BP 86 EP 99 DI 10.1097/00004032-199707000-00007 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA XG850 UT WOS:A1997XG85000008 PM 9199220 ER PT J AU Robison, WL Bogen, KT Conrado, CL AF Robison, WL Bogen, KT Conrado, CL TI An updated dose assessment for resettlement options at Bikini atoll - A US nuclear test site SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Marshall Islands; fallout; dose assessment; weapons AB On 1 March 1954, a nuclear weapon test, code-named BRAVO, conducted at Bikini Atoll in the northern Marshall Islands contaminated the major residence island, There has been a continuing effort since 1977 to refine dose assessments for resettlement options at Bikini Atoll. Here we provide a radiological dose assessment for the main residence island, Bikini, using extensive radionuclide concentration data derived from analysis of food crops, ground water, cistern water, fish and other marine species, animals, air, and soil collected at Bikini Island as part of our continuing research and monitoring program that began in 1978, The unique composition of coral soil greatly alters the relative contribution of Cs-137 and Sr-90 to the total estimated dose relative to expectations based on North American and European soils, Without counter measures, Cs-137 produces 96% of the estimated dose for returning residents, mostly through uptake from the soil to terrestrial food crops but also from external gamma exposure. The doses are calculated assuming a resettlement date of 1999, The estimated maximum annual effective dose for current island conditions is 4.0 mSv when imported foods, which are now an established part of the diet, are available. The 30-, 50-, and 70-y integral effective doses are 91 mSv, 130 mSv, and 150 mSv, respectively. A detailed uncertainty analysis for these dose estimates is presented in a companion paper in this issue. We have evaluated various countermeasures to reduce Cs-137 in food crops, Treatment with potassium reduces the uptake of Cs-137 into food crops, and therefore the ingestion dose, to about 5% of pretreatment levels and has essentially no negative environmental consequences, We have calculated the dose for the rehabilitation scenario where the top 40 cm of soil is removed in the housing and village area, and the rest of the island is treated with potassium fertilizer; the maximum annual effective dose is 0.41 mSv and the 30-, 50-, and 70-y integral effective doses are 9.8 mSv, 14 mSv, and 16 mSv, respectively. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, HLTH & ECOL ASSESSMENT DIV, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. NR 43 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 73 IS 1 BP 100 EP 114 DI 10.1097/00004032-199707000-00008 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA XG850 UT WOS:A1997XG85000009 PM 9199221 ER PT J AU Bogen, KT Conrado, CL Robison, WL AF Bogen, KT Conrado, CL Robison, WL TI Uncertainty and variability in updated estimates of potential dose and risk at a US nuclear test site - Bikini atoll SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cesium; Marshall Islands; fallout; dose assessment AB Uncertainty and interindividual variability were assessed in estimated doses for a rehabilitation scenario for Bikini Island at Bikini Atoll, in which the top 40 cm of soil would be removed in the housing and village area, and the rest of the island would be treated with potassium fertilizer, prior to an assumed resettlement date of 1999, Doses were estimated for ingested Cs-137 and Sr-90, external gamma-exposure, and inhalation+ingestion of Am-241 + Pu239+240. Two dietary scenarios were considered: imported foods are available (IA); imported foods are unavailable with only local foods consumed (IUA), After similar to 5 y of Bikini residence under either I4 or IUA assumptions, upper and lower 95% confidence limits on interindividual variability in calculated dose were estimated to lie within a similar to threefold factor of its in population-average value; upper and lower 95% confidence limits on uncertainty in calculated dose were estimated to lie within a similar to twofold factor of its expected value, For reference, the expected values of population-average dose at age 70 y were estimated to be 16 and 52 mSv under IA and IUA dietary assumptions, respectively, Assuming that 200 Bikini resettlers would be exposed to local foods (under both IA and IUA assumptions), the maximum 1-y dose received by any Bikini resident is most likely to be approximately 2 and 8 mSv under the IA and IUA assumptions, respectively. Under the most likely dietary scenario, involving access to imported foods, this analysis indicates that it is most likely that no additional cancer fatalities (above those normally expected) would arise from the increased radiation exposures considered. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, HLTH & ECOLL ASSESSMENT DIV, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 73 IS 1 BP 115 EP 126 DI 10.1097/00004032-199707000-00009 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA XG850 UT WOS:A1997XG85000010 PM 9199222 ER PT J AU Sun, LC Meinhold, CB Moorthy, AR Kaplan, E Baum, JW AF Sun, LC Meinhold, CB Moorthy, AR Kaplan, E Baum, JW TI Assessment of plutonium exposure in the Enewetak population by urinalysis SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Marshall Islands; plutonium; excretion, urinary; dose assessment ID EXCRETION; RONGELAP AB Since 1980, the inhabitants of Enewetak Atoll have been monitored periodically by scientists from Brookhaven National Laboratory for internally deposited radioactive material, In 1989, the establishment of fission track analysis and of a protocol for shipboard collection of 24-h urine samples significantly improved our ability to assess the internal uptake of plutonium, The purpose of this report is to show the distribution of plutonium concentrations in urine collected in 1989 and 1991, and to assess the associated committed effective doses for the Enewetak population based on a long-term chronic uptake of low-level plutonium, To estimate dose, we derived the plutonium dose-per-unit-uptake coefficients based on the dosimetric system of the International Commission on Radiological Protection, Assuming a continuous uptake, an integrated Jones's plutonium urine excretion function was developed to interpret the Enewetak urine data. The Appendix shows how these values were derived. The committed effective doses were 0.2 mSv, calculated from the 1991 average plutonium content in 69 urine samples. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, DEPT ADV TECHNOL, DIV RADIOL SCI, UPTON, NY 11973 USA. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 73 IS 1 BP 127 EP 132 DI 10.1097/00004032-199707000-00010 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA XG850 UT WOS:A1997XG85000011 PM 9199223 ER PT J AU Simon, SL Robison, WL Thorne, MC Toburen, LH Franke, B Baverstock, KF Pettingill, HJ AF Simon, SL Robison, WL Thorne, MC Toburen, LH Franke, B Baverstock, KF Pettingill, HJ TI A comparison of independently conducted dose assessments to determine compliance and resettlement options for the people of Rongelap atoll SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Marshall Islands; fallout; dose assessment; weapons ID MARSHALL-ISLANDS AB Rongelap Island was the home of Marshallese people numbering less than 120 in 1954; 67 were on the island and severely exposed to radioactive fallout from an atomic weapons test in March of that year, Those resident on Rongelap were evacuated 50 h after the test, returned 3 y later, then voluntarily left their home island in 1985 due to their ongoing fear of radiation exposure from residual radioactive contamination, Following international negotiations in 1991, a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) was signed in early 1992 between the Republic of the Marshall Islands Government, the Rongelap Atoll Local Government, the U.S. Department of Energy, and the U.S. Department of the Interior, In this MOU it was agreed that the Republic of the Marshall Islands, with the aid of the U.S. Department of Energy, would carry out independent dose assessments for the purpose of assisting and advising the Rongelap community on radiological issues related to a safe resettlement of Rongelap, The MOU enacted two action levels which were agreed to be used to establish whether mitigation should be considered as a condition for resettlement of Rongelap Island: (1) no individual should receive an annual dose in the future of 1 mSv or more, above that from natural background radiation, assuming that his/her diet consists of only locally produced foods, and (2) the total surface soil concentration of plutonium and other transuranic elements must be less than 629 Bq kg(-1) (averaged over the top 5 cm), Environmental radiological data and dietary information were collected over two years (1992-1993) for the purpose of predicting future potential doses to Rongelapese who might resettle, In 1994, four independent assessments were reported, including one from each of the following entities: Marshall Islands Nationwide Radiological Study; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; an independent advisor from the United Kingdom (MCT); and a committee of the National Research Council, All four assessments concluded that possibly more than 25% of the adult population could exceed the 1 mSv y(-1) dose level based on strict utilization of a local food diet, The purpose of this report is to summarize the methodology, assumptions, and findings from each of four assessments; to summarize the recommendations related to mitigation and resettlement options; to discuss unique programmatic aspects of the study; and to consider the implications of the findings to the future of the Rongelap people. C1 NATIONWIDE RADIOL STUDY, MAJURO 96960, MARSHALL ISLAND. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, HLTH & ECOL DIV, LIVERMORE, CA 94551 USA. ELECTROWATT ENGN SERV UK LTD, HORSHAM RH12 1RF, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND. E CAROLINA UNIV, DEPT PHYS, GREENVILLE, NC 27858 USA. NATL ACAD SCI, NATL RES COUNCIL, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA. INST ENERGY & ENVIRONM RES, TAKOMA PK, MD 20912 USA. WHO, EUROPEAN CTR ENVIRONM & HLTH, I-00156 ROME, ITALY. US DOE, EH2, GERMANTOWN, MD 20874 USA. NR 60 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 73 IS 1 BP 133 EP 151 DI 10.1097/00004032-199707000-00011 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA XG850 UT WOS:A1997XG85000012 PM 9199224 ER PT J AU Robison, WL Sun, C AF Robison, WL Sun, C TI The use of comparative Cs-137 body burden estimates from environmental data/models and whole body counting to evaluate diet models for the ingestion pathway SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Marshall Islands; Cs-137; dose; diet ID BIKINI ISLAND RESIDENTS; RADIONUCLIDE AB Rongelap and Utirik Atolls were contaminated on 1 March 1954, by a U.S. nuclear test at Bikini Atoll code named BRAVO. The people at both atolls were removed from their atolls in the first few days after the detonation and were returned to their atolls at different times, Detailed studies hale been carried out over the years by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) to determine the radiological conditions at the atolls and estimate the doses to the populations, The contribution of each exposure pathway and radionuclide have been evaluated, All dose assessments show that the major potential contribution to the estimated dose is Cs-137 uptake via the terrestrial food chain, Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) has carried out an extensive whole body counting program at both atolls over several years to directly measure the Cs-137 body burden, Here we compare the estimates of the body burdens from the LLNL environmental method with body burdens measured by the BNL whole body counting method. The combination of the results from both methods is used to evaluate proposed diet models to establish more realistic dose assessments, Very good agreement is achieved between the two methods with a diet model that includes both local and imported foods, Other diet models greatly overestimate the body burdens (i.e., dose) observed by whole body counting, The upper 95% confidence limit of interindividual variability around the population mean value based on the environmental method is similar to that calculated from direct measurement by whole body counting, Moreover, the uncertainty in the population mean value based on the environmental method is in very good agreement with the whole body counting data. This provides additional confidence in extrapolating the estimated doses calculated by the environmental method to other islands and atolls. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, HLTH & ECOL ASSESSMENT DIV, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, DIV RADIOL SCI, UPTON, NY 11973 USA. NR 46 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 73 IS 1 BP 152 EP 166 DI 10.1097/00004032-199707000-00012 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA XG850 UT WOS:A1997XG85000013 PM 9199225 ER PT J AU Sun, LC Meinhold, CB AF Sun, LC Meinhold, CB TI Gastrointestinal absorption of plutonium by the Marshall Islanders SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE gastrointestinal tract; Marshall Islands; plutonium; soil ID RADIONUCLIDES; RONGELAP; DEPOSITION; EXCRETION; EXPOSURE; WORKERS; PU-239; MODEL; BONE; BODY AB The gastrointestinal absorption constant (f(1)) is a critical parameter in assessing systemic uptake following the ingestion of a radioactive material and in monitoring such intakes, This study addresses the latter, particularly for plutonium, and from environmental measurements derives an f(1) value of 4 x 10(-4) for the Marshallese population, The uncertainty associated with the methodology and measurements used in this f(1) value assessment is evaluated, This evaluation takes into account the results from 24-h urine samples and the particular lifestyle of the Marshallese, Plutonium intake resulting from soil consumption is a primary parameter in this evaluation; for this study, it was assumed to be 500 mg d(-1). The f(1) value determined here is consistent with the values in ICRP Publication 67 of 5 x 10(-4) for ages 1 to adult, and is the same as that suggested by the NRPB. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, DEPT ADV TECHNOL, UPTON, NY 11973 USA. NR 77 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 73 IS 1 BP 167 EP 175 DI 10.1097/00004032-199707000-00013 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA XG850 UT WOS:A1997XG85000014 PM 9199226 ER PT J AU Cronkite, EP Conard, RA Bond, VP AF Cronkite, EP Conard, RA Bond, VP TI Historical events associated with fallout from Bravo Shot - Operation Castle and 25 Y of medical findings SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Marshall Islands; fallout; thyroid; health effects ID EXPOSURE AB The events prior to Bravo Shot-Operation Castle that led to a decision not to evacuate the Marshallese prior to testing the thermonuclear bombs are presented as are the actions taken after the fallout incident in evacuating the exposed Marshallese and the military personnel. The initial medical effects (findings during first 6 wk after exposure) are briefly described and are followed by description of long term effects, namely, induction of one case of fatal acute myeloid leukemia and a large number of thyroid tumors (benign and malignant) in addition to hypothyroidism in adults and children and two cases of cretinism. The hypothyroidism and cretinism responded well to administration of oral thyroxine. During the first 25 y, there was also much unrest and political agitation initiated by exposed and unexposed Marshallese who were very unhappy as a result of relocation and inability to return to their homelands and feeling that all illness and deaths were due to the mysterious radiation, which they understandably did not understand, The difficulties in part were ameliorated by financial aid from the U.S. Congress. In view of one of us (EPC), no one agency or person in the U.S. Government was willing to take the responsibility for care of the Marshallese and its financing, The exposed and nonexposed Marshallese had their lifestyle changed, some of their homelands made uninhabitable for several, ears and could aptly be called ''nuclear nomads,'' an expression coined by others. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, DEPT MED, UPTON, NY 11973 USA. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 73 IS 1 BP 176 EP 186 DI 10.1097/00004032-199707000-00014 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA XG850 UT WOS:A1997XG85000015 PM 9199227 ER PT J AU Howard, JE Vaswani, A Heotis, P AF Howard, JE Vaswani, A Heotis, P TI Thyroid disease among the Rongelap and Utirik population - An update SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE thyroid; radiation effects; fallout; Marshall Islands ID NEEDLE ASPIRATION BIOPSY; MANAGEMENT; NODULES; ULTRASOUND; RADIATION; CHERNOBYL; GLAND; IRRADIATION; CHILDHOOD; CARCINOMA AB In 1954, 253 Marshallese were accidentally exposed to fallout radiation from the hydrogen bomb, BRAVO. The Marshall Islands Medical Program (MIMP) was established by the Department of Energy in 1955 to monitor and treat radiation-related disease pursuant to this accident, Medical teams from Brookhaven National Laboratory, a federal institution, regularly visit the Marshall Islands to give medical care to the exposed population, The most significant complication of the exposure has been found to be thyroid disease due to the ingestion of radioactive iodides from the fallout, In 1963 the first thyroid nodules were found in Rongelap subjects and in 1969 in Utirik. Non-neoplastic adenomatous nodules were associated with higher doses of radiation and neoplastic nodules developed in individuals receiving lower doses of initiation, Women were more susceptible to the development of palpable thyroid nodules than men, In 1994 the MIMP initiated examination of the thyroid by ultrasound to supplement the clinical examination. One hundred and sixty-four patients were evaluated. No significant differences were found in the incidence of thyroid nodules or the mean nodule count between the three groups of Rongelap and Utirik exposed and a comparison patient population, There mas no significant difference in the incidence of thyroid nodules in males vs, females, Five exposed patients were referred for surgical excision of a nodule detected only by ultrasound, These ultrasound findings are unexpected in that females are known to have a higher incidence of thyroid disease than males and ne expected that the incidence of ultrasound nodules would be higher in the exposed population. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, DEPT MED, UPTON, NY 11973 USA. NR 36 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 73 IS 1 BP 190 EP 198 DI 10.1097/00004032-199707000-00016 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA XG850 UT WOS:A1997XG85000017 PM 9199229 ER PT J AU Noshkin, VE Robison, WL AF Noshkin, VE Robison, WL TI Assessment of a radioactive waste disposal site at Enewetak atoll SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Marshall Islands; waste management; fallout; weapons AB The 43 nuclear tests conducted at Enewetak Atoll by the United States between 1948 and 1958 produced close-in fallout that contaminated the islands and lagoon of the atoll with radioactive fission and activation products, and unfissioned nuclear fuel, In 1972, the U.S. government announced that it would conduct a cleanup and restoration operation to return the atoll to the Enewetak people, The radiological cleanup began in 1977 and lasted to 1980 and focused on reducing the concentration of the transuranium elements (Pu-238,Pu-239,Pu-240 and Am-241 = TRU) in soils on some of the islands that might eventually be used for residence or for subsistence agricultural, The cleanup plan called for relocating soil and some other contaminated debris to Runit Island on the eastern perimeter of the Atoll, Some of the contaminated soil was mixed with cement and the mixture placed below the water level in the Cactus Crater that was formed by a nuclear explosion in 1958, The remainder of the contaminated material was mixed with concrete and placed above ground over the crater in the shape of a dome. A concrete cap was constructed over the dome of soil, Concern has been expressed by the people of Enewetak and by others over the possible aquatic impacts from the radionuclides entombed in the crater, A National Academy of Sciences committee examined the dome and concluded that the containment structure and its contents present no credible health hazard to the people of Enewetak, either now or in the future, The committee suggested that ''at least part of the radioactivity contained in the structure is available for transport to the groundwater and subsequently to the lagoon and it is important to determine whether this pathway may be a significant one.'' Therefore, a surveillance program was started in 1980, in conjunction with other research efforts, to study the radionuclides in samples of fish, groundwater, and lagoon seawater, Our data and conclusions support the findings suggested by the National Academy committee over a decade ago in that any assumption of rapid remobilization of all or any of the dome's transuranics or other radionuclides is an extreme one. Any fear that this structure contains amounts of activity whose release would cause damage to the environment that will result in greater effect on human health is unfounded. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA 94551 USA. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 10 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 73 IS 1 BP 234 EP 247 DI 10.1097/00004032-199707000-00020 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA XG850 UT WOS:A1997XG85000021 PM 9199233 ER PT J AU Shinn, JH Homan, DN Robison, WL AF Shinn, JH Homan, DN Robison, WL TI Resuspension studies in the Marshall Islands SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Marshall Islands; plutonium; soil; inhalation AB The contribution of inhalation exposure to the total dose for residents of the Marshall Islands was monitored at occasions of opportunity on several islands in the Bikini and Enewetak Atolls. To determine the long-term potential for inhalation exposure, and to understand the mechanisms of redistribution and personal exposure, additional investigations were undertaken on Bikini Island under modified and controlled conditions, Experiments were conducted to provide kev parameters for the assessment of inhalation esposure from plutonium-contaminated dust aerosols: characterization of the contribution of plutonium in soil-borne aerosols as compared to sea spray and organic aerosols, determination of plutonium resuspension rates as measured by the meteorological fluxgradient method during extreme conditions of a bare-soil vs, a stabilized surface, determination of the approximate individual exposures to resuspended plutonium by traffic, and studies of exposures to individuals in different occupational environments simulated by personal air sampling of workers assigned to a variety of tasks, Enhancement factors (defined as ratios of the plutonium-activity of suspended aerosols relative to the plutonium-activity of the soil) were determined to be less than 1 (typically 0.4 to 0.7) in the undisturbed, vegetated areas, but greater than 1 (as high as 3) for the case studies of disturbed bare soil, roadside travel, and for occupational duties in fields and in and around houses. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, HLTH & ECOL ASSESSMENT DIV, LIVERMORE, CA 94551 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 73 IS 1 BP 248 EP 257 DI 10.1097/00004032-199707000-00021 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA XG850 UT WOS:A1997XG85000022 PM 9199234 ER PT J AU Simon, SL Robison, WL AF Simon, SL Robison, WL TI A compilation of nuclear weapons test detonation data for US Pacific Ocean tests SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE weapons; fallout; Marshall Islands; atomic bomb AB Prior to December 1993, the explosive yields of 44 of 66 nuclear tests conducted by the United States in the Marshall Islands were still classified, Following a request front the Government of the Republic of the Marshall Islands to the U.S. Department of Energy to release this information, the Secretary of Energy declassified and released to the public the explosive yields of the Pacific nuclear tests, This paper presents a synopsis of information on nuclear test detonations in the Marshall Islands and other locations in the mid-Pacific including dates, explosive yields, locations, weapon placement, and summary statistics. C1 NATIONWIDE RADIOL STUDY, MAJURO 96960, MARSHALL ISLAND. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, HLTH & ECOL ASSESSMENT DIV, LIVERMORE, CA 94551 USA. NR 8 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 73 IS 1 BP 258 EP 264 DI 10.1097/00004032-199707000-00022 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA XG850 UT WOS:A1997XG85000023 PM 9199235 ER PT J AU Lam, NP Neumann, AU Gretch, DR Wiley, TE Perelson, AS Layden, TJ AF Lam, NP Neumann, AU Gretch, DR Wiley, TE Perelson, AS Layden, TJ TI Dose-dependent acute clearance of hepatitis C genotype 1 virus with interferon alfa SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CONTROLLED TRIAL; ALPHA-INTERFERON; INFECTION; THERAPY; RNA; SERUM; VARIABILITY; REGION AB To determine if the clearance of hepatitis C genotype 1 virus (HCV) is dependent on the dose of interferon alfa-2b (IFN-alpha 2b), the acute clearance of HCV after a single dose of either 3, 5, or 10 mIU of IFN-alpha was compared in patients with chronic hepatitis C, HCV-RNA levels following IFN-alpha administration were measured. At 24 hours, mean percentage serum viral reduction was 41.4%, 63.7%, and 85.5% for 3, 5, and 10 mIU, respectively (P < .001). At 48 hours, the mean viral reduction was consistently less than the reduction at 24 hours, averaging 22.9%, 61.9%, and 74.3%, respectively (P < .001), indicating that the drug effect diminishes before 48 hours. Regression analysis showed a positive correlation between dose and percent reduction of HCV-RNA levels (r = .6; P < .001). A mathematical model showed that such dose dependence is expected if IFN-alpha partially blocks viral production. Minimum clearance and production rates of HCV were estimated from measurements of HCV-RNA levels after the 10-mIU dose. HCV decay followed an exponential decline with a minimum estimate of the viral clearance rate constant of 2.8 per day, corresponding to a virion half-life of 0.3 days or less. A minimal estimate of the daily HCV production and clearance is 3.7 X 10(11) virions per day, indicating a high rate of replication and turnover. These results indicate that there is a dose-dependent effect of IFN-alpha in clearance of HCV genotype 1. Because the virion production rate is very rapid and because the current recommended dose of IFN-alpha (3 mIU) is often ineffective, larger doses should be considered to treat genotype 1-infected patients. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL MED,SECT DIGEST & LIVER DIS,CHICAGO,IL 60612. SANTA FE INST,SANTA FE,NM 87501. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,LOS ALAMOS,NM. UNIV WASHINGTON,HEPATATIS LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP Lam, NP (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL PHARM,DEPT PHARM PRACTICE MC 886,833 S WOOD ST,CHICAGO,IL 60612, USA. NR 31 TC 294 Z9 303 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD JUL PY 1997 VL 26 IS 1 BP 226 EP 231 PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA XH501 UT WOS:A1997XH50100031 PM 9214474 ER PT J AU Eichler, EE Budarf, ML Rocchi, M Deaven, LL Doggett, NA Baldini, A Nelson, DL Mohrenweiser, HW AF Eichler, EE Budarf, ML Rocchi, M Deaven, LL Doggett, NA Baldini, A Nelson, DL Mohrenweiser, HW TI Interchromosomal duplications of the adrenoleukodystrophy locus: A phenomenon of pericentromeric plasticity SO HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS LA English DT Article ID X-LINKED ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; HUMAN-CHROMOSOMES; GREAT APE; GENE; DNA; RECOMBINATION; MUTATIONS; SEQUENCES; IDENTIFICATION AB A 9.7 kb seg ment encompassing exons 7-10 of the adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) locus of the X chromosome has duplicated to specific locations near the pericentromeric regions of human chromosomes 2p11, 10p11, 16p11 and 22q11. Comparative sequence analysis reveals 92-96% nucleotide identity, indicating that the autosomal ALD paralogs arose relatively recently during the course of higher primate evolution (5-10 million years ago). Analysis of sequences flanking the duplication region identifies the presence of an unusual GCTTTTTGC repeat which may be a sequence-specific integration site for the process of pericentromeric-directed transposition. The breakpoint sequence and phylogenetic analysis predict a two-step transposition model, in which a duplication from Xq28 to pericentromeric 2p11 occurred once, followed by a rapid distribution of a larger duplicon cassette among the pericentromeric regions. In addition to facilitating more effective mutation detection among ALD patients, these findings provide further insight into the molecular basis underlying a pericentromeric-directed mechanism for non-homologous interchromosomal exchange. C1 CHILDRENS HOSP,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. IST GENET,I-70126 BARI,ITALY. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CTR HUMAN GENOME STUDIES,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. BAYLOR COLL MED,CTR HUMAN GENOME,DEPT MOL & HUMAN GENET,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP Eichler, EE (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,CTR HUMAN GENOME,BIOL & BIOTECHNOL RES PROGRAM,L-452,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. RI Rocchi, Mariano/B-8451-2011; genes, anthony/F-2541-2012 FU NIDCD NIH HHS [DC02027]; Telethon [E.0336] NR 45 TC 105 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0964-6906 J9 HUM MOL GENET JI Hum. Mol. Genet. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 6 IS 7 BP 991 EP 1002 DI 10.1093/hmg/6.7.991 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA XH932 UT WOS:A1997XH93200003 PM 9215666 ER PT J AU Gustafson, J AF Gustafson, J TI Distributed means clusters, networks - and NT? SO IEEE COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material RP Gustafson, J (reprint author), AMES LAB,AMES,IA, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 SN 1070-9924 J9 IEEE COMPUT SCI ENG JI IEEE Comput. Sci. Eng. PD JUL-SEP PY 1997 VL 4 IS 3 BP 87 EP 87 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA XX979 UT WOS:A1997XX97900013 ER PT J AU Soden, JM Anderson, RE Henderson, CL AF Soden, JM Anderson, RE Henderson, CL TI IC failure analysis: Magic, mystery, and science SO IEEE DESIGN & TEST OF COMPUTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Design Automation Conference CY JUN 09-13, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP ACM SIGDA, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, EDAC AB Advancing IC and packaging technologies motivate and direct the future of failure analysis. The authors review current tools and techniques and discuss challenges and opportunities created by the industry's critical need for new diagnosis and failure analysis paradigms. RP SANDIA NATL LABS, FAILURE ANAL DEPT 1275, TECH STAFF, POB 5800, MS 1081, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87185 USA. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0740-7475 EI 1558-1918 J9 IEEE DES TEST COMPUT JI IEEE Des. Test Comput. PD JUL-SEP PY 1997 VL 14 IS 3 BP 59 EP 69 DI 10.1109/54.605998 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA XT980 UT WOS:A1997XT98000015 ER PT J AU Carey, WM Reese, JW Stuart, CE AF Carey, WM Reese, JW Stuart, CE TI Mid-frequency measurements of array signal and noise characteristics SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE acoustics; ambient noise; arrays; coherence; beam noise; noise gain; signal gain AB Experiments using seismic-type arrays with lengths in terms of wavelengths lambda, from 20 lambda at 50 Hz to 143 lambda at 340 Hz have been conducted in the Mediterranean Sea and Northwest Atlantic Basin to ranges of 750 km. Signal-gain cumulative distribution functions (CDF's) were experimentally determined as a function of acoustic aperture and integration time. We found that for an array 143 lambda long that when the combined effects of array shape and multipath vertical arrival angle structure were contained in an off-broadside beam; when the coherent integration times were O(10 s); when peak tracking was used; and when incoherent averaging was O(3-5 min); then array signal gain degradations were O(1 dB). However, when incoherent averaging O(3-5 min) was used without peak tracking the average signal-gain degradation was O(3 dB). Degradations in signal gain were found to be caused by the differences in vertical arrival angle of the paths, array shape deformation, and beam wander due to system motion. After compensation for array shape and motion, the major environmental cause of signal gain degradation, for off-broadside arrivals, was the vertical arrival structure of the paths, a characteristic of the sound channel. Broadside arrivals are less sensitive to these effects and, when the deformations are small, phase randomness due to volume scattering appears to be the limiting factor. Beam noise levels (BNL's) forward of broadside were found to be dominated by coherent arrivals from the bottom-reflected tow-ship noise. Consequently, aft beams were utilized to measure the CDF's for the ambient BNL's. Ambiguous BNL results at different headings yielded an average directional response consistent with the shipping distributions for moderate aperture lengths (50 lambda) with BNL's decreasing with 3 dB per aperture doubling between 25 lambda and 50 lambda. Different and more varied results were found for apertures between 50 lambda and 100 lambda, showing that beam-noise statistics change as the system resolves individual ships. C1 NCCOSC,NRAD,SAN DIEGO,CA. US DOE,WASHINGTON,DC. RP Carey, WM (reprint author), MIT,DEPT OCEAN ENGN,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139, USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 22 IS 3 BP 548 EP 565 DI 10.1109/48.611147 PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA XN699 UT WOS:A1997XN69900011 ER PT J AU Fu, LP Chtchekine, DG Gilliland, GD Lee, H Hjalmarson, HP Yu, JG Craford, MG Wolford, DJ AF Fu, LP Chtchekine, DG Gilliland, GD Lee, H Hjalmarson, HP Yu, JG Craford, MG Wolford, DJ TI Photoluminescence of quasi-direct transitions in disordered In1-xGaxP graded GaP alloys SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE alloys; electronic bandstructure; InGaP; optical measurements; photoluminescence; semiconductor defects ID II GAAS/ALAS SUPERLATTICES; CONDUCTION-BAND STRUCTURE; ORDERED GA0.5IN0.5P; QUANTUM-WELLS; GAINP; GAAS; SEMICONDUCTOR; DEPENDENCE; SCATTERING; CROSSOVER AB We have examined the photoluminescence and photoluminescence kinetics of a series of In1-xGaxP alloys in an effort: 1) to elucidate the electronic structure of the conduction band versus alloy composition, especially near the direct-indirect crossover; 2) to determine precisely the composition of the direct-indirect crossover, and its temperature dependence; and 3) to understand the nonradiative decay mechanism and its temperature dependence. We find that the fundamental bandgap is only determined by the Gamma(1c) and X-1c states in samples with Ga-compositions ranging from 0.58 to 0.75, and that the 2-K direct-indirect crossover from Gamma(1c) to X-1c occurs at x = 0.69 and is not strongly temperature-dependent. Further, we find, in agreement with our spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements at room temperature, that the mixing near crossover is rather complicated and leads to the previous observation of quasi-direct transitions, Our combined photoluminescence and spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements have therefore clearly resolved the controversy regarding the bandgap crossover, This has strong implications for the realization of InGaP-based efficient light-emitting devices with emission at higher energies. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. KYUNG HEE UNIV,COLL NAT SCI,DEPT PHYS,SUWON 449701,SOUTH KOREA. KYUNG HEE UNIV,INST NAT SCI,SUWON 449701,SOUTH KOREA. HEWLETT PACKARD CORP,DIV OPTOELECT,SAN JOSE,CA 95131. IOWA STATE UNIV,CTR MICROELECT RES,AMES,IA 50011. RP Fu, LP (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,DEPT PHYS,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 33 IS 7 BP 1123 EP 1131 DI 10.1109/3.594874 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA XF632 UT WOS:A1997XF63200010 ER PT J AU Qian, Y Zhu, ZH Lo, YH Huffaker, DL Deppe, DG Hou, HQ Hammons, BE Lin, W Tu, YK AF Qian, Y Zhu, ZH Lo, YH Huffaker, DL Deppe, DG Hou, HQ Hammons, BE Lin, W Tu, YK TI Low-threshold proton-implanted 1.3-mu m vertical-cavity top-surface-emitting lasers with dielectric and wafer-bonded GaAs-AlAs Bragg mirrors SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ion implantation; long-wavelength lasers; quantum wells; VCSEL's; wafer-bonding AB We demonstrate a new structure for long-wavelength (1.3-mu m) vertical-cavity top-surface-emitting lasers using proton implantation for current confinement, Wafer-bonded GaAs-AlAs Bragg mirrors and dielectric mirrors are used for bottom and top mirrors, respectively, The gain medium of the lasers consists of nine strain-compensated AlGaInAs quantum wells, A record low room temperature pulsed threshold current density of 1.13 kA/cm(2) has been achieved for 15-mu m diameter devices with a threshold current of 2 mA, The side-mode-suppression-ratio is greater than 35 dB. C1 UNIV TEXAS,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,CTR MICROELECT RES,AUSTIN,TX 78712. SANDIA NATL LABS,DEPT SEMICOND MAT,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. RP Qian, Y (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,SCH ELECT ENGN,PHILLIPS HALL,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 9 IS 7 BP 866 EP 868 DI 10.1109/68.593326 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA XE098 UT WOS:A1997XE09800002 ER PT J AU Balachandran, UB AF Balachandran, UB TI Super-power SO IEEE SPECTRUM LA English DT Article RP Balachandran, UB (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV ENERGY TECHNOL,CERAM SECT,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9235 J9 IEEE SPECTRUM JI IEEE Spectr. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 34 IS 7 BP 18 EP 19 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA XJ726 UT WOS:A1997XJ72600013 ER PT J AU Hull, JR AF Hull, JR TI Flywheels on a roll SO IEEE SPECTRUM LA English DT Article RP Hull, JR (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV ENERGY TECHNOL,SUPERCONDUCT SECT,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 5 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9235 J9 IEEE SPECTRUM JI IEEE Spectr. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 34 IS 7 BP 20 EP 25 DI 10.1109/6.609810 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA XJ726 UT WOS:A1997XJ72600014 ER PT J AU Blaugher, RD AF Blaugher, RD TI Low-calorie, high-energy generators and motors SO IEEE SPECTRUM LA English DT Article RP Blaugher, RD (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO, USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9235 J9 IEEE SPECTRUM JI IEEE Spectr. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 34 IS 7 BP 36 EP 42 DI 10.1109/6.609814 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA XJ726 UT WOS:A1997XJ72600017 ER PT J AU Hurley, DH Spicer, JB Conant, RJ Telschow, KL AF Hurley, DH Spicer, JB Conant, RJ Telschow, KL TI Determination of the optical absorption coefficient via analysis of laser-generated plate waves SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article ID ULTRASOUND AB A technique has been demonstrated which measures the optical absorption coefficient in weakly to moderately absorbing homogeneous isotropic elastic plates, This technique involves generating plate waves with a pulsed Nd:YAG laser and then detecting the disturbances in the acoustic far field where the majority of the acoustic energy has been coupled into the first symmetric, s(o), and antisymmetric, a(o), plate modes, The optical absorption coefficient is determined by comparing the experimental and theoretical expression for the ratio of the integrated power spectra of the s(o) and a(o) modes. C1 MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT ENGN MECH,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. EG&G IDAHO INC,IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415. RP Hurley, DH (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,BALTIMORE,MD 21218, USA. RI Spicer, James/A-3312-2010 OI Spicer, James/0000-0002-3512-5503 NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD JUL PY 1997 VL 44 IS 4 BP 902 EP 908 DI 10.1109/58.655205 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA XL869 UT WOS:A1997XL86900020 ER PT J AU DellOrco, PC Gloyna, EF Buelow, SJ AF DellOrco, PC Gloyna, EF Buelow, SJ TI Reactions nitrate salts with ammonia in supercritical water SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID OXIDATION; KINETICS; TEMPERATURE; CHEMISTRY; REDUCTION; CONSTANT; BAR; NO2 AB Reactions involving nitrate salts and ammonia were investigated in supercritical water at temperatures from 450 to 530 degrees C and pressures near 300 bar. Reaction products included nitrite, nitrogen gas, and nitrous oxide. Observed reaction rates and product distributions provided evidence for a free-radical reaction mechanism with NO2, NO, and NH2. as the primary reactive species at supercritical conditions. In the proposed elementary mechanism, the rate-limiting reaction step was determined to be the hydrolysis of MNO3 species, which resulted in the formation of nitric acid and subsequently NO2. A simple second-order reaction model was used to represent the data. In developing an empirical kinetic model, nitrate and nitrite were lumped as an NOx- reactant. Empirical kinetic parameters were developed far four MNOx/NH3 reacting systems, assuming first orders in both NH3 and NOx-. Observed MNOx/NH3 reaction rates and mechanisms suggest immediately a practical significance of these reactions for nitrogen control strategies in supercritical;water oxidation processes. C1 UNIV TEXAS,DEPT ENVIRONM & WATER RESOURCES ENGN,AUSTIN,TX 78712. RP DellOrco, PC (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,MAIL STOP C920,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 41 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 36 IS 7 BP 2547 EP 2557 DI 10.1021/ie9605894 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA XJ562 UT WOS:A1997XJ56200006 ER PT J AU Collins, JP AF Collins, JP TI Catalytic dehydrogenation of propane in hydrogen permselective membrane reactors - Rebuttal SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Letter RP Collins, JP (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,ADV MAT LAB,1001 UNIV BLVD SE,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87106, USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 36 IS 7 BP 2876 EP 2876 DI 10.1021/ie970834z PG 1 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA XJ562 UT WOS:A1997XJ56200047 ER PT J AU Kumaran, SS Su, MC Michael, JV AF Kumaran, SS Su, MC Michael, JV TI Thermal decomposition of CH3I using I-atom absorption SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS LA English DT Article ID COLLISION RATE CONSTANTS; UNIMOLECULAR REACTIONS; METHYL-IODIDE; LOW-PRESSURES; PHOTOLYSIS; FLASH; TEMPERATURE; ENERGIES; RANGE; GAS AB The recently developed I-atom atomic resonance absorption spectrometric (ARAS) technique has been used to study the thermal decomposition kinetics of CH3I over the temperature range, 1052-1820 K. Measured rate constants for CH3I (+Kr) --> CH3 + I (+Kr) between 1052 and 1616 K are best expressed by k (+/-36%) = 4.36 x 10(-9) exp(-19858 WT) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). Two unimolecular theoretical approaches were used to rationalize the data. The more extensive method, RRKM analysis, indicates that the dissociation rates are effectively second-order, i.e., the magnitude is 61-82% of the low-pressure-limit rate constants over 1052-1616 K and 102-828 torr. With the known E-0 = Delta H-0(0) = 55.5 kcal mole(-1), the optimized RRKM fit to the ARAS data requires(Delta E)(down) = 590 cm(-1). (C) 1997 John Wiley and Sons, Inc. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RI Michael, Joe/E-3907-2010 NR 35 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0538-8066 J9 INT J CHEM KINET JI Int. J. Chem. Kinet. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 29 IS 7 BP 535 EP 543 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4601(1997)29:7<535::AID-KIN8>3.0.CO;2-V PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA XF924 UT WOS:A1997XF92400008 ER PT J AU Evans, G Greif, R AF Evans, G Greif, R TI Buoyant instabilities in downward flow in a symmetrically heated vertical channel SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID OPPOSING MIXED CONVECTION; FORCED-CONVECTION; REGION AB This study of the downward flow of nitrogen in a tall, partially heated vertical channel (upstream isothermal at T*(in), heated region isothermal at T*(s) downstream adiabatic) shows the strong effects of buoyancy even for small temperature differences. Time-dependent oscillations including periodic flow reversals occur along the channel walls. Although the flow and heat transfer are asymmetric, the temperature and axial component of velocity show symmetric reflections at two times that are half a period apart and the lateral component of velocity shows antisymmetric reflections at the two times. There is strong interaction between the downward flow in the central region of the channel and the upward how along the heated channel walls. At the top of the heated region, the upward buoyant flow turns toward the center of the channel and is incorporated into the downward flow. Along the channel centerline there are nonmonotonic variations of the axial component of velocity and temperature and a large lateral component of velocity that reverses direction periodically. Results are presented for Re = 219.7 and Gr/Re-2 = 1.83, 8.0 and 13.7. The heat transfer and the frequency of the oscillations increase and the flow and temperature fields become more complex as Gr/Re-2 increases. The results have applications to fiber drying, food processing, crystal growth, solar energy collection, cooling of electronic circuits, ventilation, etc. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT MECH ENGN,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Evans, G (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,THERMAL & PLASMA PROC DEPT,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 40 IS 10 BP 2419 EP & DI 10.1016/S0017-9310(96)00271-2 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA WM470 UT WOS:A1997WM47000015 ER PT J AU Cooper, DM Swanson, DL Barns, SM Gebhart, CJ AF Cooper, DM Swanson, DL Barns, SM Gebhart, CJ TI Comparison of the 16S ribosomal DNA sequences from the intracellular agents of proliferative enteritis in a hamster, deer, and ostrich with the sequence of a porcine isolate of Lawsonia intracellularis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ILEAL SYMBIONT INTRACELLULARIS; CAMPYLOBACTER-LIKE ORGANISM; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; ENTEROPATHY; BACTERIUM; DIAGNOSIS; DISEASE; RNA; HYBRIDIZATION; REPRODUCTION AB Proliferative enteritis is an enteric disease that affects a variety of animals. The causative agent in swine has been determined to be an obligate intracellular bacterium, Lawsonia intracellularis, related to the sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio desulfuricans. The intracellular agents found in the lesions of different animal species are antigenically similar. In addition, strains from the pig, ferret, and hamster have been shown to be genetically similar. In this study we performed a partial 16S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis on the intracellular agent of proliferative enteritis from a hamster, a deer, and an ostrich and compared these sequences to that of the porcine L. intracellularis isolate. Results of this study indicate that the intracellular agents from these species with proliferative enteritis have high sequence similarity, indicating that they are all in the genus Lawsonia and that they may also be the same species, L. intracellularis. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Cooper, DM (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,SCH MED,DIV COMPARAT MED RES ANIM RESOURCES,BOX 351 UMHC,420 DELAWARE ST SE,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455, USA. NR 36 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 47 IS 3 BP 635 EP 639 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XK390 UT WOS:A1997XK39000005 PM 9226893 ER PT J AU McKone, TE Maddalena, RL AF McKone, TE Maddalena, RL TI Soil contamination and human exposure: A comprehensive assessment framework SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Exposure and Risk Assessment with Respect to Contaminated Soil CY FEB 29-MAR 01, 1996 CL MUNICH, GERMANY DE human exposure; persistence; soil contamination; transformation; transport ID ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; MODEL; INGESTION; WATER AB Soil is the thin outer zone of the earth's crust that supports rooted plants and is the product of climate and living organisms acting on rock. Throughout the world, soils are contaminated to some extent by local, regional, and global pollution sources of both natural and human origin. Sources of soil contamination are identified and discussed. With the possible exception of agricultural applications of pesticides and fertilizers, most contaminant releases to soil are not easily quantified and, as a result, remain highly uncertain. In establishing a comprehensive framework for human exposure to soil contaminants, it is revealed that such exposure occurs through multiple transfer processes. The process for linking human exposure to soil contact is considered and it is found that the magnitude and persistence of exposure depend not only on the level of soil contamination but also on physical and chemical properties of soil, chemical properties of the contaminant, and the frequency and duration of human factors such as occupational and recreational activities or the consumption of home-grown food, which result in direct and indirect soil contact. All of these factors possess some degree of variance that leads to probability distributions for representing total exposure and risk. C1 ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB,BERKELEY,CA. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT ENVIRONM TOXICOL,DAVIS,CA. RP McKone, TE (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SCH PUBL HLTH,140 WARREN HALL 7360,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 1091-5818 J9 INT J TOXICOL JI Int. J. Toxicol. PD JUL-OCT PY 1997 VL 16 IS 4-5 BP 319 EP 337 PG 19 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA XL600 UT WOS:A1997XL60000002 ER PT J AU Penetrante, BM Bardsley, JN Hsiao, MC AF Penetrante, BM Bardsley, JN Hsiao, MC TI Kinetic analysis of non-thermal plasmas used for pollution control SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS & REVIEW PAPERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Reactive Plasmas (ICRP-3) CY JAN 21-24, 1997 CL NARA, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Appl Phys DE non-thermal plasma; pollution control; electron beam; discharge ID ELECTRON-IMPACT DISSOCIATION; DIELECTRIC-BARRIER DISCHARGE; FLUE-GAS TREATMENT; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PILOT-SCALE TEST; MUNICIPAL WASTE INCINERATOR; PULSED CORONA DISCHARGE; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; BEAM TREATMENT; DILUTE CONCENTRATIONS AB Non-thermal plasma techniques are being developed for the treatment of many gas-phase pollutants. In these methods electrical energy from electron beams or electrical discharges is directed selectively into the production of electrons, ions and radicals, or into molecular excitations that will result in the efficient destruction of the unwanted species. The processes by which this can be achieved are described. Kinetic analysis of the deposition of energy into contaminated air is illustrated by studies of the decomposition of nitrogen oxides, methylene chloride, carbon tetrachloride and methanol. RP LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. NR 109 TC 163 Z9 186 U1 3 U2 42 PU JAPAN SOC APPLIED PHYSICS PI TOKYO PA KUDAN-KITA BUILDING 5TH FLOOR, 1-12-3 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 0021-4922 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS 1 JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1 - Regul. Pap. Brief Commun. Rev. Pap. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 36 IS 7B BP 5007 EP 5017 DI 10.1143/JJAP.36.5007 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA XR224 UT WOS:A1997XR22400087 ER PT J AU Parker, GJ Hitchon, WNG AF Parker, GJ Hitchon, WNG TI Convected scheme simulations of the electron distribution function in a positive column plasma SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS SHORT NOTES & REVIEW PAPERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Reactive Plasmas (ICRP-3) CY JAN 21-24, 1997 CL NARA, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Appl Phys DE electron distribution; kinetic theory; convected scheme simulations; positive column; Boltzmann equation ID DISCHARGES AB A numerical procedure that provides an accurate and efficient solution of the Boltzmann equation in cylindrical geometry with coordinates (rho, upsilon) is discussed. The procedure, based primarily on the convected scheme, propagates the particle phase-space density on a computational mesh. A combination of the choice of independent variables, the design of the mesh structure and the use of a moving mesh can provide an exact solution of Vlasov's equation. A variant of the method is also presented which first iterates the scattering rate throughout phase space then finds the distribution function from the scattering rate. We describe the methods and apply them to a kinetic model of a dc positive column. Results are compared to Monte Carlo simulations. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,MADISON,WI 53706. RP Parker, GJ (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 808,L-418,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAPAN J APPLIED PHYSICS PI MINATO-KU TOKYO PA DAINI TOYOKAIJI BLDG 24-8 SHINBASHI 4-CHOME, MINATO-KU TOKYO 105, JAPAN SN 0021-4922 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS 1 JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1 - Regul. Pap. Short Notes Rev. Pap. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 36 IS 7B BP 4799 EP 4807 DI 10.1143/JJAP.36.4799 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA XR224 UT WOS:A1997XR22400051 ER PT J AU McFarlane, HF Goff, KM Felicione, FS Dwight, CC Barber, DB AF McFarlane, HF Goff, KM Felicione, FS Dwight, CC Barber, DB TI Hot demonstrations of nuclear waste processing technologies SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Several types of nuclear-waste-treatment technologies are currently being demonstrated at Argonne National Laboratory-West, ranging from complex, high-level waste-form production to a relatively simple encapsulation technique for the immobilization of mixed hazardous/radioactive waste. Typically, the demonstrations involve a cooperative arrangement among the organizations responsible for developing the processes, operating the facilities, and conducting the test programs. By summarizing the common approach taken for demonstrations of three very different waste-treatment processes, this article illustrates the necessity of process demonstrations using typical radioactive waste streams in the development of industrially viable waste-treatment technologies. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,TECHNOL DEV DIV,ARGONNE,IL 60439. ARGONNE NATL LAB,PLASMA HEARTH PROC PROJECT,ARGONNE,IL 60439. NR 38 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 49 IS 7 BP 14 EP & DI 10.1007/BF02914760 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA XH983 UT WOS:A1997XH98300002 ER PT J AU McPheeters, CC Gay, EC Karell, EJ Ackerman, JP AF McPheeters, CC Gay, EC Karell, EJ Ackerman, JP TI Electrometallurgically treating metal, oxide, and Al alloy spent nuclear fuel types SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Electrorefining uranium in a molten salt bath is the key step in the electrometallurgical treatment of spent nuclear fuels. The versatility of the electrometallurgical treatment suggests its use for a variety of spent fuel types, as well as for nonnuclear metal-separation applications. RP McPheeters, CC (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM TECHNOL,9700 S CASS AVE,BLDG 205,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 12 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 49 IS 7 BP 22 EP 25 DI 10.1007/BF02914761 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA XH983 UT WOS:A1997XH98300003 ER PT J AU Ackerman, JP Chow, LSH McDeavitt, SM Pereira, C Woodman, RH AF Ackerman, JP Chow, LSH McDeavitt, SM Pereira, C Woodman, RH TI Isolating wastes in the electrometallurgical treatment of spent nuclear fuel SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB The main hazards in spent nuclear fuel are fission products and transuranic radionuclides. An electrometallurgical treatment is designed to isolate these elements by electrorefining and then place them in waste forms suitable for geologic disposal. In the highly reducing chemical environment used for electrometallurgical treatment, fuel cladding and transition-metal fission products remain as metals; these metals are collected and melted to form a highly corrosion-resistant waste form. Other fission-product elements and transuranic elements collect in the molten-salt process fluid and are removed by ion exchange into zeolite, which is further processed to make a durable-composite ceramic waste form. RP Ackerman, JP (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 49 IS 7 BP 26 EP 28 DI 10.1007/BF02914762 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA XH983 UT WOS:A1997XH98300004 ER PT J AU McDeavitt, SM Abraham, DP Park, JY Keiser, DD AF McDeavitt, SM Abraham, DP Park, JY Keiser, DD TI Stainless steel-zirconium waste forms from the treatment of spent nuclear fuel SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Article RP McDeavitt, SM (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,9700 S CASS AVE,BLDG 205,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 11 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 49 IS 7 BP 29 EP 32 DI 10.1007/BF02914763 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA XH983 UT WOS:A1997XH98300005 ER PT J AU Irwin, GR AF Irwin, GR TI The historical development of our understanding of fracture SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Investigations of fracture prior to the advent of fracture mechanics Rue interesting and can improve the perspective with which we view current fracture problems. In addition, it is natural to wonder how engineers coped with fracture strength limitations in previous centuries and what events stimulated development of fracture mechanics techniques. In this article, historical completeness is not attempted, particularly with regard to the oldest part of the story. The matters presented were selected mainly for illustrative value. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,PLASMA HEARTH PROC PROJECT,ARGONNE,IL 60439. ARGONNE NATL LAB,TECHNOL DEV DIV,WASTE PROGRAMS,ARGONNE,IL 60439. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 12 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 49 IS 7 BP 38 EP & PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA XH983 UT WOS:A1997XH98300007 ER PT J AU Luong, ET Houk, RS Serfass, RE AF Luong, ET Houk, RS Serfass, RE TI Chromatographic isolation of molybdenum from human blood plasma and determination by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with isotope dilution SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE molybdenum; isotope dilution; inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; human blood plasma; ultratrace analysis ID SERUM AB A method was developed for the determination of Mo in human blood plasma by ion-exchange chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Molybdenum was isolated from the plasma matrix by microwave digestion and anion exchange on an alumina column. Recoveries were 88+/-10% (+/-1 standard deviation, n=4) from a solution that contained 5 ppb Mo and 92 ppm phosphate, and 82+/-5% (n=5) for a solution containing 0.5 ppb Mo and 92 ppm phosphate. The RSD of the count rate for Mo-98(+) at 0.5 ppb was 5-10% and the Mo-94/Mo-98 ratio had an RSD of 0.5-2.0%. The detection limit for Mo was 1 ng l(-1). The average Mo concentration in reference bovine serum determined by the proposed method was 10.2+/-0.4 ng g(-1), compared with the certified value of 11.5+/-1.1 ng g(-1) (95% confidence interval). The Mo concentration in one pool of human blood plasma from two healthy male donors was 0.5+/-0.1 ng g(-1). C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,CTR DESIGNING FOODS IMPROVE NUTR,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES LAB,US DEPT ENERGY,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM,AMES,IA 50011. NR 13 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4WF SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 12 IS 7 BP 703 EP 708 DI 10.1039/a608265c PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA XM006 UT WOS:A1997XM00600004 ER PT J AU Antonio, MR Soderholm, L Song, I AF Antonio, MR Soderholm, L Song, I TI Design of spectroelectrochemical cell for in situ X-ray absorption fine structure measurements of bulk solution species SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID EXAFS SPECTROELECTROCHEMISTRY; ALKALINE ELECTROLYTES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; OXIDATION-STATE; EU COMPOUNDS; METAL-IONS; Y-ZEOLITE; SPECTROSCOPY; INSITU; ELECTRODES AB A purpose-built spectroelectrochemical cell for in situ fluorescence XAFS (X-ray absorption fine structure) measurements of bulk solution species is described. The cell performance was demonstrated by the collection of europium L-3-edge XANES (X-ray absorption near edge structure) during constant-potential electrolysis of 14.2 mM EuCl3.6H(2)O in 1 M H2SO4 aqueous electrolyte, Additionally discussed in this report are the probabilities of 2p(3/2)-->5d electronic transitions pertaining to Eu-III and EUII ions, Implications for the use of XANES in studying intermediate-valence materials, and some potential applications of the presently reported spectroelectrochemical cell are described. C1 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV, CASE SCH ENGN, DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN, CLEVELAND, OH 44106 USA. RP Antonio, MR (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB, DIV CHEM, 9700 S CASS AVE, ARGONNE, IL 60439 USA. OI Antonio, Mark/0000-0002-1208-4534 NR 73 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 11 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0021-891X J9 J APPL ELECTROCHEM JI J. Appl. Electrochem. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 27 IS 7 BP 784 EP 792 DI 10.1023/A:1018464526864 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA XH153 UT WOS:A1997XH15300005 ER PT J AU Doyle, M Newman, J AF Doyle, M Newman, J TI Analysis of capacity-rate data for lithium batteries using simplified models of the discharge process SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID INSERTION CELL; OPTIMIZATION; ELECTROLYTES AB Simplified models based on porous electrode theory are used to describe the discharge of rep chargeable lithium batteries and derive analytic expressions for the specific capacity against discharge rate in terms of the relevant system parameters. The resulting theoretical expressions are useful for design and optimization purposes and can also be used as a tool for the identification of system limitations from experimental data. Three major cases are considered that are expected to hold for different classes of systems being developed in the lithium battery industry. The first example is a cell with solution phase diffusion limitations for the two extreme cases of a uniform and a completely nonuniform reaction rate distribution in the porous electrode. Next, a discharge dominated by solid phase diffusion limitations inside the Insertion electrode particles is analysed. Last, we consider an ohmically-limited cell with no concentration gradients and having an insertion reaction whose open-circuit potential depends linearly on state of charge, The results are applied to a cell of the form Li/solid polymer electrolyte/LiyMn2O4 in order to illustrate their utility. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV ENERGY & ENVIRONM,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT CHEM ENGN,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RI Newman, John/B-8650-2008 OI Newman, John/0000-0002-9267-4525 NR 23 TC 89 Z9 94 U1 5 U2 41 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0021-891X J9 J APPL ELECTROCHEM JI J. Appl. Electrochem. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 27 IS 7 BP 846 EP 856 DI 10.1023/A:1018481030499 PG 11 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA XH153 UT WOS:A1997XH15300013 ER PT J AU Kang, SH Morris, JW AF Kang, SH Morris, JW TI Microstructural evolution of Al-Cu thin-film conducting lines during post-pattern annealing SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMIGRATION FAILURE; NEAR-BAMBOO; INTERCONNECTS; ALUMINUM; MODEL; DAMAGE; STRIPS; WIDTH AB This work reports a statistical analysis of the evolution of polygranular segment lengths during high-temperature annealing of Al(Cu) thin-film interconnects with quasi-bamboo microstructures. To create samples of Al(Cu) lines that could be imaged by transmission electron microscopy without breaking or thinning, the lines were deposited on electron-transparent silicon nitride films (the ''silicon nitride window'' technique). The microstructures of the lines were studied as a function of annealing time and temperature. In particular, the distribution of polygranular segment lengths was measured. The results show that the longer polygranular segments are preferentially eliminated during post-pattern annealing. As a consequence, the segment-length distribution narrows monotonically during annealing, and changes in shape. The preferential loss of the longest polygranular segments leads to a dramatic increase in resistance to electromigration failure. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT MAT SCI & MINERAL ENGN,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Kang, SH (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,CTR ADV MAT,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 1997 VL 82 IS 1 BP 196 EP 200 DI 10.1063/1.365760 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA XG880 UT WOS:A1997XG88000024 ER EF