FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Armstrong, DJ Smith, AV AF Armstrong, DJ Smith, AV BE Fermann, ME Marshall, LR TI Laboratory study of beam quality in an image-rotating optical parametric oscillators SO ADVANCED SOLID-STATE LASERS, PROCEEDINGS SE OSA TRENDS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Meeting on Advanced Solid-State Lasers CY FEB 03-06, 2002 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP Opt Soc Amer, IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc AB We performed laboratory and numerical studies of optical parametric oscillators with 90degrees intracavity image rotation. We found the signal beam was more symmetric than that from comparable cavities without image rotation, and it had low values of M-2. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1118, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Armstrong, DJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1118, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-5695 BN 1-55752-697-4 J9 OSA TRENDS OPT PHOTO PY 2002 VL 68 BP 201 EP 203 PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BAH79 UT WOS:000222298600046 ER PT S AU Ebbers, C Erlandson, A Bartolick, J Massey, W Behrendt, W Drobshoff, A Narduzzi, J Caird, J Payne, S AF Ebbers, C Erlandson, A Bartolick, J Massey, W Behrendt, W Drobshoff, A Narduzzi, J Caird, J Payne, S BE Fermann, ME Marshall, LR TI High conversion efficiency solid-state 263-nm laser for triggering high-voltage switches at Sandia's Z-Accelerator SO ADVANCED SOLID-STATE LASERS, PROCEEDINGS SE OSA TRENDS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Meeting on Advanced Solid-State Lasers CY FEB 03-06, 2002 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP Opt Soc Amer, IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc AB Several advanced technologies, including phase conjugation with non-hazardous fluorinert and harmonic conversion with large 2 x 2 x 1 cm BBO crystals, were used to generate near diffraction-limited, 2.4-J, 20-ns-long pulses at 263-nm. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ebbers, C (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-482, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-5695 BN 1-55752-697-4 J9 OSA TRENDS OPT PHOTO PY 2002 VL 68 BP 469 EP 471 PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BAH79 UT WOS:000222298600103 ER PT B AU Kajfasz, E AF Kajfasz, E CA D0 Collaborat BE Barone, M Borchi, E Huston, J Leroy, C Rancoita, PG Riboni, P Ruchti, R TI D0 silicon microstrip tracker for Run IIa SO ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY AND PARTICLE PHYSICS, PROCEEDINGS SE Astroparticle Particle Space Physics Radiation Interaction Detectors and Medical Physics Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics CY OCT 15-19, 2001 CL Como, ITALY SP INFN, ESA AB We discribe the production, installation and commissioning of the new 792,576 channel D0 Silicon Microstrip Tracker to be used for the 2 fb(-1) of the Run IIa at the Tevatron. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Kajfasz, E (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, MS 310,PO 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM kajfasz@fnal.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-180-5 J9 ASTROPART PART SPACE PY 2002 VL 1 BP 115 EP 119 DI 10.1142/9789812776464_0017 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BCP55 UT WOS:000230575700017 ER PT B AU Spalding, WJ AF Spalding, WJ CA CDF Collaborat D0 Collaborat BE Barone, M Borchi, E Huston, J Leroy, C Rancoita, PG Riboni, P Ruchti, R TI Run II upgrades and physics prospects SO ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY AND PARTICLE PHYSICS, PROCEEDINGS SE Astroparticle Particle Space Physics Radiation Interaction Detectors and Medical Physics Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics CY OCT 15-19, 2001 CL Como, ITALY SP INFN, ESA AB This article describes the present status and physics prospects for Run 2 at the Fermilab Tevatron accelerator. The accelerator complex and both the collider detectors, CDF and D0, have completed extensive upgrades resulting in a significant increase in luminosity and physics capability. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Spalding, WJ (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-180-5 J9 ASTROPART PART SPACE PY 2002 VL 1 BP 300 EP 308 DI 10.1142/9789812776464_0045 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BCP55 UT WOS:000230575700045 ER PT B AU Price, LE AF Price, LE BE Barone, M Borchi, E Huston, J Leroy, C Rancoita, PG Riboni, P Ruchti, R TI Status of ATLAS tile calorimeter and study of muon interactions SO ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY AND PARTICLE PHYSICS, PROCEEDINGS SE Astroparticle Particle Space Physics Radiation Interaction Detectors and Medical Physics Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics CY OCT 15-19, 2001 CL Como, ITALY SP INFN, ESA ID COSMIC-RAY MUONS; ENERGY-LOSS; ELECTROMAGNETIC-INTERACTIONS; IRON AB In this paper, we provide a description and status report on the barrel hadronic calorimeter for the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. We describe measurements taken with prototype and initial modules of the calorimeter, in particular those involving muon energy loss. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Price, LE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Bldg 362, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM lprice@anl.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-180-5 J9 ASTROPART PART SPACE PY 2002 VL 1 BP 409 EP 416 DI 10.1142/9789812776464_0062 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BCP55 UT WOS:000230575700062 ER PT S AU McGehee, PM Brinkmann, J Rockosi, C Long, D Snedden, SA Kleinman, SJ Nitta, A Harvanek, M Newman, PR Neilsen, EH Krzesinski, J AF McGehee, PM Brinkmann, J Rockosi, C Long, D Snedden, SA Kleinman, SJ Nitta, A Harvanek, M Newman, PR Neilsen, EH Krzesinski, J BE Lewis, H TI The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Telescope Performance Monitor SO ADVANCED TELESCOPE AND INSTRUMENTATION CONTROL SOFTWARE II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Telescope and Instrumentation Control Software II CY AUG 27-28, 2002 CL WAIKOLOA, HI SP SPIE, Int Commiss Opt, Amer Astron Soc, European SO Observ, Int Astron Union DE SDSS; EPICS; diagnostics-real-time; operations; data archiving AB The Telescope Performance Monitor (TPM) installed at the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) located at Apache Point Observatory provides access to real-time and archived engineering data. The modularity present in the underlying Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) toolkit allows the observers and operations staff to develop their own approaches to data access and analysis. These techniques are summarized and the use of the TPM to solve critical project issues including analysis and correction of thermal management problems are presented. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP McGehee, PM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4627-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4848 BP 156 EP 166 DI 10.1117/12.461434 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BV91S UT WOS:000180380600016 ER PT S AU Neilsen, EH Uomoto, A Kent, S Annis, J AF Neilsen, EH Uomoto, A Kent, S Annis, J BE Lewis, H TI Sloan Digital Sky Survey photometric telescope automation and observing software SO ADVANCED TELESCOPE AND INSTRUMENTATION CONTROL SOFTWARE II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Telescope and Instrumentation Control Software II CY AUG 27-28, 2002 CL WAIKOLOA, HI SP SPIE, Int Commiss Opt, Amer Astron Soc, European SO Observ, Int Astron Union DE astronomical observatories; astronomical photometry; automated telescopes; telescope operation AB The photometric telescope (PT) provides observations necessary for the photometric calibration of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Because the attention of the observing staff is occupied by the operation of the 2.5 meter telescope which takes the survey data proper, the PT must reliably take data with little supervision. In this paper we describe the PT's observing program, MOP, which automates most tasks necessary for observing. MOP's automated target selection is closely modeled on the actions a human observer might take, and is built upon a user interface that can be (and has been) used for manual operation. This results in an interface that makes it easy for an observer to track the activities of the automating procedures and intervene with minimum disturbance when necessary. MOP selects targets from the same list of standard star and calibration fields presented to the user, and chooses standard star fields covering ranges of airmass, color, and time necessary to monitor atmospheric extinction and produce a photometric solution. The software determines when additional standard star fields are unnecessary, and selects survey calibration fields according to availability and priority. Other automated features of MOP, such as maintaining the focus and keeping a night log, axe also built around still functional manual interfaces, allowing the observer to be as active in observing as desired; MOP's automated features may be used as tools for manual observing, ignored entirely, or allowed to run the telescope with minimal supervision when taking routine data. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Neilsen, EH (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Mail Stop 120,POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4627-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4848 BP 376 EP 386 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BV91S UT WOS:000180380600037 ER PT J AU Sugama, T Weber, L Brothers, LE AF Sugama, T Weber, L Brothers, LE TI Ceramic fibre-reinforced calcium aluminate/fly ash/polyphosphate cements at a hydrothermal temperature of 280 degrees C SO ADVANCES IN CEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE AUGER; SPECTROSCOPY; ENERGY AB The usefulness was assessed of two ceramic fibres, alpha-Al2O3 and alpha-Al2O3/mullite mixture, for improving the toughness of sodium polyphosphate-modified fly ash/calcium aluminate blended (SFCB) cement, which is used for completing geothermal wells. At the hydrothermal temperature of 280degreesC, the reaction between the alpha-Al2O3 phase-based fibre's surfaces and silicate in the cement slurry was responsible for the development of a moderate bonding at the interfaces between the fibres and the SFCB cement matrix. This development improved fracture toughness to 2.7 times more than that of non-reinforced cements. In contrast, adding alpha-Al2O3/mullite mixed phase-based fibres did little to improve the fracture toughness because of the transformation of the mullite into Na-P type zeolite, This mullite --> zeolite phase transition was caused by the hydrothermal reaction of mullite with the Na in the cement. This transition generated a strong linkage between the fibres and the matrix; however it also converted the strong, flexible and tough fibres into fragile, brittle fibres. Correspondingly, cracks generated in the cement composites propagated through the fibres, but not at the fibre/matrix interfaces. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. UNOCAL Corp, Sugerland, TX 77478 USA. Halliburton Energy Serv, Duncan, OK 73536 USA. RP Sugama, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Bldg 526,12 N 6th St, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU THOMAS TELFORD SERVICES LTD PI LONDON PA THOMAS TELFORD HOUSE, 1 HERON QUAY, LONDON E14 4JD, ENGLAND SN 0951-7197 J9 ADV CEM RES JI Adv. Cem. Res. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 14 IS 1 BP 25 EP 34 DI 10.1680/adcr.14.1.25.39541 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA 532RU UT WOS:000174489500004 ER PT S AU Goretta, KC Gutierrez-Mora, F Tran, T Katz, J Routbort, JL Orlova, TS de Arellano-Lopez, AR AF Goretta, KC Gutierrez-Mora, F Tran, T Katz, J Routbort, JL Orlova, TS de Arellano-Lopez, AR BE Singh, JP Bansal, NP Singh, M TI Solid-particle erosion of ZrSiO4 fibrous monoliths SO ADVANCES IN CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES VIII SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ceramic Matrix Composites held at the 104th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 28-MAY 01, 2002 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP Amer Ceram Soc ID STRENGTH DEGRADATION; FRACTURE; CERAMICS; ALUMINA; DAMAGE; GLASS AB Erosive damage was studied in ZrSiO4 monolithic and fibrous-monolithic specimens subjected to impact at 90degrees by angular SiC particles traveling at 50 or 70 m/s. Steady-state erosion rates in the fibrous monoliths were higher than would be predicted by a rule of mixtures based on erosion rites of the cell and cell-boundary phases. The relatively rapid erosion was attributed to easy removal of the cell boundary, followed by larger-scale loss of individual cells that had lost support because of the removal of the surrounding cell boundary. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Goretta, KC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Orlova, Tatiana/E-5877-2014; Gutierrez-Mora, Felipe/H-4625-2015 OI Gutierrez-Mora, Felipe/0000-0003-3632-7163 NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-154-4 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2002 VL 139 BP 139 EP 146 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BX25D UT WOS:000184739000012 ER PT S AU White, MM AF White, MM CA SNS Project BE Breon, S DiPirro, M Glaister, D Hull, J Kittel, P Pecharsky, V Radebaugh, R Theilacker, J VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zeller, A TI Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 47, PTS A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE AB The Spallation Neutron Source [1], located at Oak Ridge, TN, is a state-of-the-art neutron-scattering facility presently under construction as a collaborative effort of six national laboratories. The facility is comprised of a high-power particle-accelerator system, a liquid-mercury target-moderator system, and a suite of world-class scientific instruments. One-ms-long negative-hydrogcn-ion (H-) pulses are produced by an ion source. The ion beam is accelerated to 185 MeV by normal conducting (NC) linear accelerator (linac) cavities, and further accelerated to 1 GeV by a superconducting linac [2]. The acceleration is accomplished by means of niobium superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) cavities that operate at 2.1K. The linac beam is stacked in a compressor ring, and 695-ns-long pulses are extracted onto the target at a 60-Hz rate. Neutrons are produced by spallation in the mercury, and their energy is moderated to useable levels, in part by supercritical hydrogen moderators. The simultaneous performance goals of more than one MW of initial proton beam power, 95% facility availability, and the desire for hands-on maintenance capability in the accelerator complex place significant demands on the performance and operational reliability of the technical and conventional systems. An overview of the SNS facility, including its purpose, major components, and a summary of the present status is presented, with particular emphasis on the superconducting linac and the cryogenic moderators. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP White, MM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0059-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 613 BP 15 EP 24 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA BU75R UT WOS:000176920700002 ER PT S AU Green, MA Black, EL Gupta, RC Iarocci, MA Lebedev, V Miller, JR Palmer, RB Padamsee, HS Parker, BL Prestemon, S Weggel, RJ AF Green, MA Black, EL Gupta, RC Iarocci, MA Lebedev, V Miller, JR Palmer, RB Padamsee, HS Parker, BL Prestemon, S Weggel, RJ BE Breon, S DiPirro, M Glaister, D Hull, J Kittel, P Pecharsky, V Radebaugh, R Theilacker, J VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zeller, A TI The role of superconductivity and cryogenics in the neutrino factory SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 47, PTS A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE AB The proposed neutrino factory will produce a defined beam of neutrinos from the decay of muons in a storage ring[1,2,3]. The storage ring will be oriented so that the neutrinos can be detected at one or more detectors several thousand kilometers from the storage ring. This report presents an overview of the proposed neutrino factory and its subsystems that use cryogenics. Superconducting magnets will be used in the following ways in the neutrino factory; 1) the outsert solenoid for the 20 T pion capture system, 2) the decay channel where pions decay to muons, 3) the muon phase rotation system, 4) the muon cooling system, 5) focusing during the first stage of muon acceleration, 6) bending and focusing magnets in the re-circulating linac accelerator and 7) bending and focusing magnets in the muon storage ring where the neutrino beams are generated. Low temperature superconducting RF cavities will be used to accelerate the muons from about 200 MeV to 20 GeV. The muon cooling system uses liquid hydrogen absorbers at 20 K to reduce the emittance of the muon beam before it is accelerated to full energy. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Green, MA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0059-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 613 BP 34 EP 43 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA BU75R UT WOS:000176920700004 ER PT S AU Kelley, JP Mulholland, GT AF Kelley, JP Mulholland, GT BE Breon, S DiPirro, M Glaister, D Hull, J Kittel, P Pecharsky, V Radebaugh, R Theilacker, J VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zeller, A TI AHF magnetic lens cryosystems SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 47, PTS A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE AB The Advanced Hydrotest Facility (AHF), a proton radiography and tomography facility, is under study at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). 800-MeV protons from the existing LANSCE linear accelerator are to be accelerated to 50-GeV and the resulting beam split twelve fold during transport through a complex multi-path beam transport and lens system to illuminate a study object along multiple directions. The object-scattered protons are imaged for analysis by a system of large-bore magnetic lenses. Design trade studies have compared normal and superconducting (SC) magnets for the transport and lens systems as well as many other tradeoffs in systems configuration. The development of the helium refrigerator/liquefier size and location, and distribution system for the AHF large-bore (20 and 50 cm diameter) pool-boiling, SC magnetic lens system is described. The magnetic-lens-option cryoplant (13-kW range at 4.43 K) and distribution system are site positioned and sized, and the system, facility and utility costs are estimated and compared to alternatives. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kelley, JP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0059-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 613 BP 60 EP 67 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA BU75R UT WOS:000176920700007 ER PT S AU Kelley, JP Mulholland, GT AF Kelley, JP Mulholland, GT BE Breon, S DiPirro, M Glaister, D Hull, J Kittel, P Pecharsky, V Radebaugh, R Theilacker, J VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zeller, A TI AHF beam transport lattice cryosystems SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 47, PTS A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE AB The Advanced Hydrotest Facility (AHF), a proton radiography and tomography facility, is under study at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). 800-MCV protons from the existing LANSCE linear accelerator are to be accelerated to 50-GeV and the resulting beam split twelve fold during transport through a complex multi-path beam transport and lens system to illuminate a study object along multiple directions. The object-scattered protons are imaged for analysis by a system of large-bore (20 and 50 cm diameter) magnetic lenses. The development and comparison of the AHF superconducting (SC) beam-transport-magnet, supercritical-helium cooling and distribution system options are described. The beam-transport cryoplant system is site positioned and sized, and the system utility costs and facility parameters are estimated. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kelley, JP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0059-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 613 BP 68 EP 75 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA BU75R UT WOS:000176920700008 ER PT S AU Klebaner, AL Theilacker, JC AF Klebaner, AL Theilacker, JC BE Breon, S DiPirro, M Glaister, D Hull, J Kittel, P Pecharsky, V Radebaugh, R Theilacker, J VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zeller, A TI Thermal performance of the Tevatron magnets under higher energy operating conditions SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 47, PTS A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE AB The paper discusses several alternative ideas to improve the cryogenic performance of the Tevatron magnet strings under high energy, low temperature, operating conditions. A previously developed mathematical model of the Tevatron magnet string has been used to identify temperature profiles during cold compressor operation. Analysis of modeled temperature profiles shows the dominance of the spool heat leak due to a lack of heat transfer between single-phase and two-phase helium within the spool. This paper discusses a strategy for improving the temperature profile across the magnet string by installing a modified Tevatron spool with recoolers, and rearranging weak magnets. The computer simulation was carried out to identify the best location for a modified spool in the string, and preferred locations for weak magnets. Calculations indicated that, if Tecoolers were added to only one spool in each of the 48 strings of dipoles, the most effective location is in the middle of the string. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Klebaner, AL (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0059-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 613 BP 84 EP 89 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA BU75R UT WOS:000176920700010 ER PT S AU Theilacker, JC Klebaner, AL AF Theilacker, JC Klebaner, AL BE Breon, S DiPirro, M Glaister, D Hull, J Kittel, P Pecharsky, V Radebaugh, R Theilacker, J VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zeller, A TI Thermal modeling of the Tevatron magnet system SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 47, PTS A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE AB Operation of the Tevatron at lower temperatures, for the purpose of allowing higher energies, has resulted in a renewed interest in thermal modeling of the magnet strings. Static heat load and AC loses in the superconducting coils are initially transported through subcooled liquid helium. Heat exchange between the subcooled liquid and a counter flowing two-phase stream transfers the load to the latent heat. Stratification of the two-phase helium stream has resulted in considerably less heat exchange compared to the original design. Spool pieces have virtually no heat transfer to the two-phase resulting in a "warm" dipole just downstream. A model of the magnet string thermal behavior has been developed. The model has been used to identify temperature profiles within magnet strings. The temperature profiles are being used in conjunction with initial magnet quench performance data to predict the location of quench limiting magnets within the Tevatron. During thermal cycles of magnet strings, the model is being used to "shuffle" magnets within the magnet string in order to better match the magnets quench performance with its actual predicted temperature, The motivation for this analysis is to raise the operating energy of the Tevatron using a minimal number of magnets from the spares pool. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Theilacker, JC (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0059-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 613 BP 90 EP 97 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA BU75R UT WOS:000176920700011 ER PT S AU Darve, C Blanco, E Huang, Y Nicol, T Peterson, T van Weelderen, R AF Darve, C Blanco, E Huang, Y Nicol, T Peterson, T van Weelderen, R BE Breon, S DiPirro, M Glaister, D Hull, J Kittel, P Pecharsky, V Radebaugh, R Theilacker, J VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zeller, A TI HeII heat exchanger test unit for the LHC inner triplet SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 47, PTS A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE AB The Inner Triplet Heat Exchanger Test Unit (IT-HXTU) is a 30-m long thermal model designed at Fermilab, built in US industry, fully automated and tested at CERN as part of the US LHC program to develop the LHC Interaction Region quadrupole system. The cooling scheme of the IT-HXTU is based on heat exchange between stagnant pressurized He II in the magnet cold mass and saturated He II (two-phase) flowing in a heat exchanger located outside of and parallel to the cold mass. The purposes of this test are, among others, to validate the proposed cooling scheme and to define an optimal control strategy to be implemented in the future LHC accelerator. This paper discusses the results for the heat exchanger test runs and emphasizes the thermal and hydraulic behavior of He II for the inner triplet cooling scheme. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Darve, C (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0059-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 613 BP 147 EP 154 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA BU75R UT WOS:000176920700018 ER PT S AU Specht, JR Chronis, WC AF Specht, JR Chronis, WC BE Breon, S DiPirro, M Glaister, D Hull, J Kittel, P Pecharsky, V Radebaugh, R Theilacker, J VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zeller, A TI Cryogenics for the rare isotope accelerator project SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 47, PTS A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE AB With 600 meters of superconducting accelerator, the Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA) facility will have an extensive cryogenic system operating at both 2.0 K and 4.4 K. Approximately 250 4.4 K resonators, 200 2.0 K resonators, 160 4.4 K magnets, and several 4.4 K bunchers will be used in a 1.4-GV superconducting CW driver linac. Ion beams ranging from protons (up to 900 MeV) to uranium (up to 400 MeV per nucleon) at beam powers up to 400 kW will be produced. The facility will also have a superconducting linac to accelerate short-lived rare isotopes produced by the driver. This post accelerator is composed of another 100 superconducting resonators and associated superconducting focussing magnets. Liquid helium will also be provided to a variety of experimental instruments including, for example, large superconducting magnetic spectrographs. Overall, the liquid helium refrigerator will need to provide approximately 8.6 kW of cooling at 2.0 K, 4.8 kW at 4.4 K, and 15.3 kW at 35 K for shield cooling. A review of the various loads, cryostats, distribution system, and refrigeration schemes will be presented along with some special needs for reliable operation. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Specht, JR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0059-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 613 BP 161 EP 170 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA BU75R UT WOS:000176920700020 ER PT S AU Weisend, JG Boyce, R Burgess, W Candia, A Carr, R Gao, J Gustafsson, K Jones, C Kaminskas, W Oxoby, G McKeown, R Quack, H Scott, A Weber, T AF Weisend, JG Boyce, R Burgess, W Candia, A Carr, R Gao, J Gustafsson, K Jones, C Kaminskas, W Oxoby, G McKeown, R Quack, H Scott, A Weber, T BE Breon, S DiPirro, M Glaister, D Hull, J Kittel, P Pecharsky, V Radebaugh, R Theilacker, J VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zeller, A TI The cryogenic system for the SLAC E158 experiment SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 47, PTS A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE AB E158 is a fixed target experiment at SLAC in which high energy (up to 48 GeV) polarized electrons are scattered off the unpolarized electrons in a 1.5 m long liquid hydrogen target. The total volume of liquid hydrogen in the system is 471. The beam can deposit as much as 700 W into the liquid hydrogen. Among the requirements for the system are: that density fluctuations in the liquid hydrogen be kept to a minimum, that the target can be moved out of the beam line while cold and replaced to within 2 mm, and that the target survive lifetime radiation doses of up to 1 x 10(6) Gy. The cryogenic system for the experiment consists of the target itself, the cryostat containing the target, a refurbished CTI 4000 refrigerator providing more than 1 kW of cooling at 20 K and associated transfer lines and valve boxes. This paper discusses the requirements, design, construction, testing and operation of the cryogenic system. The unique features of the design associated with hydrogen safety and the high radiation field in which the target resides are also covered. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Weisend, JG (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0059-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 613 BP 171 EP 179 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA BU75R UT WOS:000176920700021 ER PT S AU Demko, JA Lue, JW Gouge, MJ Stovall, JP Butterworth, Z Hughey, RL Lindsay, D Roden, M AF Demko, JA Lue, JW Gouge, MJ Stovall, JP Butterworth, Z Hughey, RL Lindsay, D Roden, M BE Breon, S DiPirro, M Glaister, D Hull, J Kittel, P Pecharsky, V Radebaugh, R Theilacker, J VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zeller, A TI Acceptance test and operation of the Southwire Company 30-m high-temperature superconducting cable cryogenic system SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 47, PTS A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE AB A 30-m demonstration high-temperature superconducting (HTS) transmission cable system has been installed by Southwire Company in Carrollton, Georgia. The three-phase power transmission system is designed for operation at 1250 A and 12.4-kV alternating current. It supplies all the electricity for three large manufacturing facilities and has been operating under full load for more than 8000 h as of June 2001. The HTS cables are cooled by circulating subcooled liquid nitrogen. Refrigeration of the circulating liquid nitrogen is accomplished using an open subcooler system under vacuum to obtain temperatures below 77 K. The HTS cable cryogenic system is briefly described. The acceptance tests and performance of the system with the HTS cable on-line are discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Demko, JA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0059-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 613 BP 180 EP 187 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA BU75R UT WOS:000176920700022 ER PT S AU Geynisman, MG Makara, JN AF Geynisman, MG Makara, JN BE Breon, S DiPirro, M Glaister, D Hull, J Kittel, P Pecharsky, V Radebaugh, R Theilacker, J VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zeller, A TI Fermilab's central helium liquefier capacity upgrade SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 47, PTS A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE AB Fermilab's Tevatron Superconducting Accelerator has begun operations of colliding beams of protons and antiprotons at 980 GeV. This has been accomplished by lowering the operating temperature of the Tevatron magnet system from 4.5K to 3.6K using cold compressors on the two-phase portion of the system. The heat of compression by the cold compressors produces a greater liquid helium demand from the Central Helium Liquefier (CHL). Various upgrades have been completed or are in progress to provide sufficient capacity and redundancy for the liquid helium supply. The maximum allowable pressure of the helium system has been raised from 1.31 MPa to 1.65 MPa, thus providing a measured 18% liquefaction capacity increase for same compressors flow. One of four reciprocating helium compressors has been modified for four-stage operations, thus providing 33% increased capacity and more reliable operations. Together with capacity control of individual compressors, the available choice of operation of two 3-stage and two 4-stage compressors will provide the flexibility to operate the Central Helium Liquefier system at the most economical power consumption relative to the liquid helium demand by the accelerator cryogenic system. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Geynisman, MG (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0059-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 613 BP 199 EP 206 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA BU75R UT WOS:000176920700024 ER PT S AU Ganni, V Arenius, DM Bevins, BS Chronis, WC Creel, JD Wilson, JD AF Ganni, V Arenius, DM Bevins, BS Chronis, WC Creel, JD Wilson, JD BE Breon, S DiPirro, M Glaister, D Hull, J Kittel, P Pecharsky, V Radebaugh, R Theilacker, J VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zeller, A TI Design, fabrication, commissioning, and testing of a 250 g/s, 2-K helium cold compressor system SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 47, PTS A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE AB In June 1999 the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJ-NAF) Cryogenic Systems Group had completed the design, fabrication, and commissioning of a cold compressor system capable of pumping 250 g/s of 2-K helium vapor to a pressure above 1 bar. The 2-K cold box consists of five stages of centrifugal variable speed compressors with LN2 cooled drive motors and magnetic bearings, a plate fin heat exchanger, and an LN2 shield system. The new 2-K cold box (referred to as the SCN) was built as a redundant system to an existing four stage cold compressor SCM cold box that was commissioned in May 1994. The SCN has been in continuous service supporting the facility experiments since commissioning. This system has achieved a significant improvement in the total 2-K refrigeration system capacity and stability and has substantially increased the operating envelope both in cold compressor flow and operating pressure range. This paper describes the cold box configuration and the experiences in the design, fabrication, commissioning and performance evaluation. The capacity of the system for various operating pressures (0.040 to 0.025 bar at the load corresponding to a total compressor pressure ratio of 28 to 54) is presented. An effort is made to characterize the components and their operating data over the tested range. This includes the return side pressure drop in the distribution system, the heat exchanger, and the cold compressor characteristics. The system design parameters and their effects on performance are outlined. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Cryogen Grp, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Ganni, V (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Cryogen Grp, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0059-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 613 BP 288 EP 304 PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA BU75R UT WOS:000176920700035 ER PT S AU Ambrosio, G Andreev, N Barzi, E Bauer, P Carcagno, R Chichili, D Ewald, K Feher, S Imbasciati, L Kashikhin, VV Limon, P Novitski, I Orris, D Pischalnikov, Y Sylvester, C Tartaglia, M Tompkins, J Yadav, S Zlobin, AV AF Ambrosio, G Andreev, N Barzi, E Bauer, P Carcagno, R Chichili, D Ewald, K Feher, S Imbasciati, L Kashikhin, VV Limon, P Novitski, I Orris, D Pischalnikov, Y Sylvester, C Tartaglia, M Tompkins, J Yadav, S Zlobin, AV BE Breon, S DiPirro, M Glaister, D Hull, J Kittel, P Pecharsky, V Radebaugh, R Theilacker, J VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zeller, A TI Development and test of a Nb3Sn racetrack magnet using the react and wind technology SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 47, PTS A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE ID COIL DIPOLE; FABRICATION AB Fermilab is involved in the development of a high field accelerator magnet for future hadron colliders using Nb3Sn superconductor and the react-and-wind technology. The magnet design is based on single-layer common coils wound simultaneously into a laminated mechanical structure and impregnated with epoxy. In order to develop and optimize the fabrication techniques and to study the conductor performance, a magnet with flat racetrack type coils in a common coil configuration was assembled and tested. The coils were wound in the mechanical structure and in situ impregnated following a procedure that will be used in the single-layer common coil. The magnetic and mechanical design of the racetrack magnet, the fabrication techniques and the test results are presented and discussed in this paper. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Ambrosio, G (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0059-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 613 BP 329 EP 336 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA BU75R UT WOS:000176920700039 ER PT S AU Green, MA Miller, JR Prestemon, S AF Green, MA Miller, JR Prestemon, S BE Breon, S DiPirro, M Glaister, D Hull, J Kittel, P Pecharsky, V Radebaugh, R Theilacker, J VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zeller, A TI Superconducting solenoids for muon cooling in the neutrino factory SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 47, PTS A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE AB The cooling channel for a neutrino factory consists of a series of alternating field solenoidal cells. The first section of the bunching cooling channel consists of 41 cells that are 2.75-m long. The second section of the cooling channel consists of 44 cells that are 1.65-m long. Each cell consists of a single large solenoid with an average diameter of 1.5 m and a pair of flux reversal solenoids that have an average diameter of 0.7 to 0.9 meters. The magnetic induction on axis reaches a peak value of about 5 T at the end of the second section of the cooling channel. The peak on axis field gradients in flux reversal section approaches 33 T/m. This report describes the two types of superconducting solenoid magnet sections for the muon-cooling channel of the proposed neutrino factory. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Green, MA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0059-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 613 BP 348 EP 355 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA BU75R UT WOS:000176920700042 ER PT S AU Green, MA Yu, S AF Green, MA Yu, S BE Breon, S DiPirro, M Glaister, D Hull, J Kittel, P Pecharsky, V Radebaugh, R Theilacker, J VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zeller, A TI Superconducting magnets for induction linac phase rotation in a neutrino factory SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 47, PTS A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE AB The neutrino factory[1-3] consists of a target section where pions are produced and captured in a solenoidal magnetic field. Pions in a range of energies from 100 Mev to 400 MeV decay into muons in an 18-meter long channel of 1.25 T superconducting solenoids. The warm bore diameter of these solenoids is about 600 mm. The phase rotation section slows down the high-energy muon and speeds up the low energy muons to an average momentum of 200 MeV/c. The phase-rotation channel consists of three induction linac channels with a short cooling section and a magnetic flux reversal section between the first and second induction linacs and a drift space between the second and third induction linacs. The length of the phase rotation channel will be about 320 meters. The superconducting coils in the channel are 0.36 m long with a gap of 0.14 m between the coils. The magnetic induction within the channel will be 1.25 T. For 260 meters of the 320-meter long channel, the solenoids are inside the induction linac. This paper discusses the design parameters for the superconducting solenoids in the neutrino factory phase-rotation channel. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Green, MA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0059-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 613 BP 356 EP 363 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA BU75R UT WOS:000176920700043 ER PT S AU Nicol, TH Darve, C Huang, Y Page, TM AF Nicol, TH Darve, C Huang, Y Page, TM BE Breon, S DiPirro, M Glaister, D Hull, J Kittel, P Pecharsky, V Radebaugh, R Theilacker, J VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zeller, A TI LHC interaction region quadrupole cryostat design SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 47, PTS A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE AB The cryostat of a Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Interaction Region (IR) quadrupole magnet consists of all components of the inner triplet except the magnet assembly itself. It serves to support the magnet accurately and reliably within the vacuum vessel, to house all required cryogenic piping, and to insulate the cold mass from heat radiated and conducted from the environment. It must function reliably during storage, shipping and handling, normal magnet operation, quenches, and seismic excitations, and must be able to be manufactured at low cost. The major components of the cryostat are the vacuum vessel, thermal shield, multi-layer insulation system, cryogenic piping, and suspension system. The overall design of a cryostat for superconducting accelerator magnets requires consideration of fluid flow, proper selection of materials for their thermal and structural performance at both ambient and operating temperature, and knowledge of the environment to which the magnets will be subjected over the course of their expected operating lifetime. This paper describes the current LHC IR inner triplet quadrupole magnet cryostats being designed and manufactured at Fermilab as part of the US-LHC collaboration, and includes discussions on the structural and thermal considerations involved in the development of each of the major systems. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Nicol, TH (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0059-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 613 BP 391 EP 398 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA BU75R UT WOS:000176920700048 ER PT S AU Rehak, ML Alforque, R Farah, Y Grandinetti, R Muller, T Norton, S Sondericker, J AF Rehak, ML Alforque, R Farah, Y Grandinetti, R Muller, T Norton, S Sondericker, J BE Breon, S DiPirro, M Glaister, D Hull, J Kittel, P Pecharsky, V Radebaugh, R Theilacker, J VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zeller, A TI Design of the LHC US atlas barrel Cryostat SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 47, PTS A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE AB One of the experiments of CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the ATLAS Liquid Argon detector. The Liquid Argon Barrel Cryostat is part of the United States contribution to the LHC project and its design is presented here. The device is made up of four concentric cylinders: the smallest and largest of which form a vacuum vessel enclosing a cold vessel cryostat filled with liquid argon. The Cryostat serves as the housing for an eletromagnetic barrel calorimeter, supports and provides space in vacuum for a solenoid magnet while the toroidal opening furnishes room for a tracker detector. Design requirements are determined by its use in a collider experiment: the construction has to be compact, the material between the interaction region and the calorimeter has to be minimal and made of aluminum to reduce the amount of absorbing material. The design complies with code regulations while being optimized for its use in a physics environment. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11733 USA. RP Rehak, ML (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11733 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0059-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 613 BP 399 EP 406 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA BU75R UT WOS:000176920700049 ER PT S AU Lue, JW Gouge, MJ Duckworth, RC Lee, DF Kroeger, DM Pfotenhauer, JM AF Lue, JW Gouge, MJ Duckworth, RC Lee, DF Kroeger, DM Pfotenhauer, JM BE Breon, S DiPirro, M Glaister, D Hull, J Kittel, P Pecharsky, V Radebaugh, R Theilacker, J VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zeller, A TI Quench tests of a 20-cm-long rabits YBCO tape SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 47, PTS A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE ID STABILITY AB A 20-cm-long YBCO tape fabricated by the Rolling Assisted Bi-axially Textured Substrate (RABiTS) technique was used to study the quench behavior of a second-generation high-temperature superconductor (HTS). Quench tests of the sample were performed in a conduction cooling condition with a cryocooler. The sample was subjected to a short overcurrent pulse to create normal zones, followed by a longer operating current up to the critical currents of the weaker zones of the tape. Distinctive normal zone propagation was observed for the first time on a YBCO tape. Propagation velocities of 1.4 to 8.3 mm/s were measured, which increase linearly with the current. Stability margins and a minimum propagation current were also observed. One-dimensional thermal modeling showed good agreement with the test results. [This paper is also published in Advances in Cryogenic Engineering Vol. 48, AIP Conference Proceedings Vol. 613, pp. 321-328.]. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lue, JW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0059-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 613 BP 457 EP 464 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA BU75R UT WOS:000176920700056 ER PT S AU Kelley, JP Roybal, PL LaFave, RP Gentzlinger, RC Wanyert, JA Schrage, DL Schmierer, E Krawczyk, F Garnett, RW Tajima, T AF Kelley, JP Roybal, PL LaFave, RP Gentzlinger, RC Wanyert, JA Schrage, DL Schmierer, E Krawczyk, F Garnett, RW Tajima, T BE Breon, S DiPirro, M Glaister, D Hull, J Kittel, P Pecharsky, V Radebaugh, R Theilacker, J VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zeller, A TI ADTF spoke cavity cryomodule concept SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 47, PTS A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE AB The Accelerator Driven Test Facility (ADTF) is being developed as a reactor concepts test bed for transmutation of nuclear waste. A 13.3 mA continuous-wave (CW) proton beam will be accelerated to 600 MeV and impinged on a spallation target. The subsequent neutron shower is used to create a nuclear reaction within a subcritical assembly of waste material that reduces the waste half-life from the order of 10(5) years to 10(2) years. Additionally, significant energy is produced that can be used to generate electrical power. The ADTF proton accelerator consists of room-temperature (RT) structures that accelerate the beam to 6.7-MeV and superconducting (SC) elements that boost the beam's energy to 600-MeV. Traditional SC elliptical cavities experience structural difficulties at low energies due to their geometry. Therefore, stiff-structured SC spoke cavities have been adopted for the energy range between 6.7 and 109 MeV. Elliptical cavities are used at the higher energies. This paper describes a multi-spoke-cavity cryomodule concept for ADTF. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kelley, JP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0059-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 613 BP 507 EP 514 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA BU75R UT WOS:000176920700062 ER PT S AU Daly, EF Ganni, V Rode, CH Schneider, WJ Wilson, KM Wiseman, MA AF Daly, EF Ganni, V Rode, CH Schneider, WJ Wilson, KM Wiseman, MA BE Breon, S DiPirro, M Glaister, D Hull, J Kittel, P Pecharsky, V Radebaugh, R Theilacker, J VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zeller, A TI Spallation neutron source cryomodule heat loads and thermal design SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 47, PTS A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE AB When complete, the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) will provide a I GeV, 2 MW beam for experiments. One portion of the machine's linac consists of over 80 Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) 805 MHz cavities housed in a minimum of 23 cryomodules operating at a saturation temperature of 2.1 K. Minimization of the total heat load is critical to machine performance and for efficient operation of the system. The total heat load of the cryomodules consists of the fixed static load and the dynamic load, which is proportional to the cavity performance. The helium refrigerator supports mainly the cryomodule loads and to a lesser extent the distribution system loads. The estimated heat loads and calculated thermal performance are discussed along with two unique features of this design: the helium heat exchanger housed in the cryomodule return end can and the helium gas cooled fundamental power coupler. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Daly, EF (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0059-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 613 BP 531 EP 539 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA BU75R UT WOS:000176920700065 ER PT S AU Waynert, JA Blumenfeld, PE Prenger, FC Kelley, JP Currie, SA Stewart, JA AF Waynert, JA Blumenfeld, PE Prenger, FC Kelley, JP Currie, SA Stewart, JA BE Breon, S DiPirro, M Glaister, D Hull, J Kittel, P Pecharsky, V Radebaugh, R Theilacker, J VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zeller, A TI Experimental heat leak measurements on the APT 210 kW CW RF power coupler SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 47, PTS A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE AB A cryogenic test rig was designed and fabricated to measure the heat leak from room temperature to 2 K for the Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT) 700 MHz, 210 kW continuous wave (CW) co-axial power coupler (PC). The outer conductor of the PC is stainless steel with 15 gm copper film on the inside. The copper inner conductor operates at room temperature and contributes considerable infra-red radiation heat load to 2 K Two thermal intercept heat exchangers cooled by supercritical helium arc incorporated into the outer conductor to reduce the heat conducted to the lowest temperatures. A brief description of the experimental apparatus is presented. A comparison of the experimental measurements and the predictions of a detailed thermal model is given. There is also a discussion of anomalous behavior observed in the thermal intercepts, and fluctuations in the helium coolant properties. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Waynert, JA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0059-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 613 BP 540 EP 547 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA BU75R UT WOS:000176920700066 ER PT S AU Brandt, J Feher, S Peterson, TJ Soyars, WM AF Brandt, J Feher, S Peterson, TJ Soyars, WM BE Breon, S DiPirro, M Glaister, D Hull, J Kittel, P Pecharsky, V Radebaugh, R Theilacker, J VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zeller, A TI HTS leads in the Tevatron SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 47, PTS A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE AB The Tevatron accelerator uses 48 pairs of 5 kA superconducting current leads. At one location, the original conventional leads have been replaced with current leads incorporating High Temperature Superconductor (HTS) elements. These HTS leads are cooled primarily by liquid nitrogen flowing from the 80 K intercept, which exits at the room temperature end of the leads. A small flow of helium cools the HTS section from the 4 K level, but this flow is about 1/10 of that required for conventional leads. The leads are powered at 4.34 kA to meet Tevatron requirements. The retrofit design, lead testing cryogenic behavior, and operational characteristics when installed in the Tevatron are described. The lead pair has been operational since May 2000. Plans call for future installation of up to seven more pairs of these leads. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Brandt, J (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0059-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 613 BP 567 EP 574 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA BU75R UT WOS:000176920700069 ER PT S AU Stovall, JP Lue, JW Demko, JA Fisher, PW Gouge, MJ Hawsey, RA Armstrong, JW Hughey, RL Lindsay, DT Roden, ML Sinha, UK Tolbert, JC AF Stovall, JP Lue, JW Demko, JA Fisher, PW Gouge, MJ Hawsey, RA Armstrong, JW Hughey, RL Lindsay, DT Roden, ML Sinha, UK Tolbert, JC BE Breon, S DiPirro, M Glaister, D Hull, J Kittel, P Pecharsky, V Radebaugh, R Theilacker, J VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zeller, A TI Operating experience with the southwire 30-meter high-temperature superconducting power cable SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 47, PTS A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE ID TRANSMISSION CABLE; HTS CABLE; AC LOSSES; DESIGN AB Southwire Company is operating a high-temperature superconducting (HTS) cable system at its corporate headquarters. The 30-m long, 3-phase cable system is powering three Southwire manufacturing plants and is rated at 12.4-kV, 1250-A, 60-Hz. Cooling is provided by a pressurized liquid nitrogen system operating at 70-80 K. The cables were energized on January 5, 2000 for on-line testing and operation and in April 2000 were placed into extended service. As of June 1, 2001, the HTS cables have provided 100% of the customer load for 8000 hours. The cryogenic system has been in continuous operation since November 1999. The HTS cable system has not been the cause of any power outages to the average 20 MW industrial load served by the cable. The cable has been exposed to short-circuit currents caused by load-side faults without damage. Based upon field measurements described herein, the cable critical current - a key performance parameter remains the same and has not been affected by the hours of real-world operation, further proving the viability of this promising technology. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Stovall, JP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0059-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 613 BP 591 EP 598 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA BU75R UT WOS:000176920700072 ER PT S AU Demko, JA Lue, JW Gouge, MJ Fisher, PW Stovall, JP Tolbert, J Lindsay, D Roden, M Sinha, U Hughey, RL AF Demko, JA Lue, JW Gouge, MJ Fisher, PW Stovall, JP Tolbert, J Lindsay, D Roden, M Sinha, U Hughey, RL BE Breon, S DiPirro, M Glaister, D Hull, J Kittel, P Pecharsky, V Radebaugh, R Theilacker, J VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zeller, A TI Performance tests of an HTS power transmission cable splice SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 47, PTS A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE AB Practical applications of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) transmission cables require that cable sections be periodically spliced together. An HTS transmission cable splice with a cold dielectric construction rated at 1250-A phase current and 7.5-kV phase-to-ground voltage has been fabricated by Southwire Company and tested at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The splice joins the HTS phase and the neutral conductors as well as the Cryoflex(TM) dielectric tapes between the HTS conductors. Testing has demonstrated the nominal operating capability of the HTS cable splice and consisted of direct-current characterization and alternating-current high-voltage withstand testing at 18 kV. In addition, overcurrents up to 14 kA for 2 s were applied to the cable splice repeatedly without impacting the performance. The splice generates less than I W of heat into the cable at rated current. The results of these tests demonstrate the feasibility of splicing HTS power transmission cables. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Demko, JA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0059-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 613 BP 599 EP 605 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA BU75R UT WOS:000176920700073 ER PT S AU Lue, JW Demko, JA Tolbert, JC Sinha, UK Grabovickic, R Barber, GC Gouge, MJ Lindsay, D Hughey, RL AF Lue, JW Demko, JA Tolbert, JC Sinha, UK Grabovickic, R Barber, GC Gouge, MJ Lindsay, D Hughey, RL BE Breon, S DiPirro, M Glaister, D Hull, J Kittel, P Pecharsky, V Radebaugh, R Theilacker, J VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zeller, A TI Electrical tests of a triaxial HTS cable prototype SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 47, PTS A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE AB A high-temperature superconducting (HTS) transmission cable based on the cold-dielectric concept with an HTS shield makes it possible to house all three phases inside a single cryostat without causing large degradation and loss due to magnetic fields generated by the neighboring phases. A further optimization can be realized by making the three phases concentric to each other. No shielding layer is required in such a triaxial configuration. It would be more compact and require only about one-half of the HTS tapes as that of three separately shielded phases. A 1.5-m-long triaxial I-ITS cable prototype has been fabricated and tested. Each phase consists of two layers of BSCCO-2223 I-ITS tapes. Electrical tests of the cable included the direct current (dc) V-I curve and alternating current (ac) loss measurements. The ac losses were measured both electrically and calorimetrically. A finite-element thermal modeling was performed to check the calorimetric calibration. Individual phase ac losses indicate good agreement with the monoblock theory. Three-phase ac loss is close to that of the sum of the three individual phases. There is no measurable excess ac loss due to the presence of the other concentric phases. A total three-phase ac loss of about I W/m was measured at the design operating current of 1250 A. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lue, JW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0059-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 613 BP 606 EP 613 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA BU75R UT WOS:000176920700074 ER PT S AU Jia, LX Wang, L Addessi, L Miglionico, G Martin, D Leskowicz, J McNeill, M Yatauro, B Tallerico, T AF Jia, LX Wang, L Addessi, L Miglionico, G Martin, D Leskowicz, J McNeill, M Yatauro, B Tallerico, T BE Breon, S DiPirro, M Glaister, D Hull, J Kittel, P Pecharsky, V Radebaugh, R Theilacker, J VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zeller, A TI A five-watt G-M/J-T refrigerator for LHe target at BNL SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 47, PTS A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE AB A five-watts G-M/J-T refrigerator was built and installed for the high-energy physics research at Brookhaven National Laboratory in 2001. A liquid helium target of 8.25 liters was required for an experiment in the proton beam line at the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) of BNL. The large radiation heat load towards the target requires a five-watts refrigerator at 4.2 K to support a liquid helium flask of 0.2 meter in diameter and 0.3 meter in length, which is made of Mylar film of 0.35 nun in thickness. The liquid helium flask is thermally exposed to the vacuum windows that are also made of 0.35 mm thickness Mylar film at room temperature. The refrigerator uses a two-stage Gifford-McMahon cryocooler for precooling the Joule-Thomson circuit that consists of five Linde-type heat exchangers. A mass flow rate of 0.8similar to1.0 grams per second at 17.7 atm is applied to the refrigerator cold box. The two-phase helium flows between the liquid target and liquid/gas separator by means of a thermosyphon. This paper presents the system design as well as the test results including the control of the thermal oscillation. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Jia, LX (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0059-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 613 BP 776 EP 781 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA BU75R UT WOS:000176920700096 ER PT S AU Blumenfeld, PE Prenger, FC Sternberg, A Zimm, C AF Blumenfeld, PE Prenger, FC Sternberg, A Zimm, C BE Breon, S DiPirro, M Glaister, D Hull, J Kittel, P Pecharsky, V Radebaugh, R Theilacker, J VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zeller, A TI High temperature superconducting magnetic refrigeration SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 47, PTS A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE AB A near-room temperature active magnetic regenerative refrigerator (AMRR) was designed and built using a high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnet in a charge-discharge cycle and a gadolinium-packed regenerative bed as the magnetocaloric component. Current to the HTS magnet was ramped periodically from zero to 100 amperes, which generated a ramp in field strength from zero to 1.7 tesla. Water was moved periodically through the bed and through hot and cold heat exchangers to accomplish a continuous refrigeration cycle. Cycle periods as short as 30 seconds were realized. Refrigerator performance was measured in tern-is of cooling capacity as a function of temperature span and in terms of efficiency expressed as a percentage of maximum obtainable (Carnot) efficiency. A three-watt cooling capacity was measured over a temperature span of 15 degrees C between hot and cold end temperatures of 25 degrees C and 10 degrees C. This experiment is directed to two possible applications for magnetic refrigeration: a no-moving part cryogenic refrigerator for space applications, and a compact permanent magnet refrigerator for commercial and consumer applications. * Research support from Astronautics Corp. of America and US DoE under CRADA LA98C10356.00. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Blumenfeld, PE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0059-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 613 BP 1019 EP 1026 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA BU75R UT WOS:000176920700126 ER PT S AU Wang, L Jia, LX AF Wang, L Jia, LX BE Breon, S DiPirro, M Glaister, D Hull, J Kittel, P Pecharsky, V Radebaugh, R Theilacker, J VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zeller, A TI Thermal oscillations in liquid helium targets SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 47, PTS A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE AB A liquid helium target for the high-energy physics was built and installed in the proton beam line at the Alternate Gradient Synchrotron of Brookhaven National Laboratory in 2001. The target flask has a liquid volume of 8.25 liters and is made of thin Mylar film. A G-M/J-T cryocooler of five-watts at 4.2K was used to produce liquid helium and refrigerate the target. A thermosyphon circuit for the target was connected to the J-T circuit by a liquid/gas separator. Because of the large heat load to the target and its long transfer lines, thermal oscillations were observed during the system tests. To eliminate the oscillation, a series of tests and analyses were carried out. This paper describes the phenomena and provides the understanding of the thermal oscillations in the target system. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wang, L (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0059-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 613 BP 1407 EP 1412 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA BU75R UT WOS:000176920700173 ER PT S AU Klebaner, AL Theilacker, JC AF Klebaner, AL Theilacker, JC BE Breon, S DiPirro, M Glaister, D Hull, J Kittel, P Pecharsky, V Radebaugh, R Theilacker, J VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zeller, A TI Single-phase helium recooling in a Tevatron spool piece SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 47, PTS A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE AB The existing Tevatron spool piece has been upgraded by adding a single-phase to two-phase heat exchanger or recooler. This will enhance the single-phase to two-phase heat transfer and, along with other upgrades, allow for a higher energy The performance of the heat exchanger was predicted numerically using a multi-node finite difference model. The present paper reviews the design of the Tevatron spool recooler. The discussion includes: a technical description of a Tevatron spool; the heat exchanger mathematical model; design criteria and constraints; fabrication and assembly procedure; tests and performance analysis. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Klebaner, AL (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0059-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 613 BP 1437 EP 1444 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA BU75R UT WOS:000176920700177 ER PT S AU Rucinski, RA AF Rucinski, RA BE Breon, S DiPirro, M Glaister, D Hull, J Kittel, P Pecharsky, V Radebaugh, R Theilacker, J VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zeller, A TI Short profile rectangular helium cryostat made from nickel-iron alloy SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 47, PTS A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE AB A short profile (40 cm), long length (2-50 m) rectangular helium cryostat has been designed, built and tested for maintaining electronic chips at a stable 9.0 Kelvin temperature. Heat load, and thermal stresses were major design considerations. The distance from room temperature to liquid nitrogen intercept temperature is only 8 centimeters. Liquid nitrogen temperature to liquid helium temperature occurs in 13 centimeters. An alloy known as Invar, 36% Nickel, balance Iron, was used to fabricate the vessel walls and liquid nitrogen heat intercept tubing because of it's low coefficient of thermal expansion. The cryostat accepts fifty-one, 3.5 cm x 42.5 cm devices that extend 26.7 cm into the cryostat. Tight clearance fits to the liquid nitrogen and liquid helium intercepts are maintained. Gaseous helium is used within the cryostat for heat transfer. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Rucinski, RA (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0059-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 613 BP 1468 EP 1474 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA BU75R UT WOS:000176920700181 ER PT S AU Green, MA Barale, PJ Fong, CG Luft, PA Reimer, JA Yahnke, MS AF Green, MA Barale, PJ Fong, CG Luft, PA Reimer, JA Yahnke, MS BE Breon, S DiPirro, M Glaister, D Hull, J Kittel, P Pecharsky, V Radebaugh, R Theilacker, J VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zeller, A TI Magnet options for sensors for the pulp and paper industry SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 47, PTS A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE AB The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) has been developing sensors for the pulp and paper industry that use a magnetic field. The applications for magnetic sensors that have been studied include 1) sensors for the measurement of the water and ice content of wood chips entering the pulping mill, 2) sensors for measuring the water content and other constituents of the black liquor leaving the paper digester, and 3) sensors for measuring paper thickness and water content as the paper is being processed. These tasks can be done using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The magnetic field used for doing the NMR can come from either permanent magnets or superconducting magnets. The choice of the magnet is dependent on a number of factors, which include the size of the sample and field strength needed to do the sensing task at hand. This paper describes sonic superconducting magnet options that can be used in the pulp and paper industry. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Green, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0059-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 613 BP 1628 EP 1635 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA BU75R UT WOS:000176920700201 ER PT S AU Craddock, WW Angelov, A Anthony, PL Badger, R Berndt, M Burgess, W Candia, A Oxoby, G Titcomb, C AF Craddock, WW Angelov, A Anthony, PL Badger, R Berndt, M Burgess, W Candia, A Oxoby, G Titcomb, C BE Breon, S DiPirro, M Glaister, D Hull, J Kittel, P Pecharsky, V Radebaugh, R Theilacker, J VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zeller, A TI Babar helium liquefier and superconducting magnet control system SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 47, PTS A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE ID PEP-II; DETECTOR; SLAC AB The BaBar 27 MJ superconducting solenoid and 1000 W helium liquefier at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) have been operating with high reliability since October 1998. The control system consists of two Allen Bradley SLC 500/4 PLC controllers and two Windows NT PCs running BridgeView as the Graphical User Interface (GUI) all connected via a common Data Highway Plus network. A third 500/4 PLC and PC have been recently added to the network, integrating control of a second compressor system that is used with another helium liquefier. Separate hardwired protection systems for both the solenoid and liquefier are provided. All GUI screens are viewable over the Web. Operating, upgrading and commissioning experience of this control system is discussed. Control system hardware, software technical performance, and instrumentation and wiring issues are detailed. Operator interaction issues are also included. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Craddock, WW (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0059-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 613 BP 1691 EP 1699 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA BU75R UT WOS:000176920700209 ER PT S AU Hull, JR Mulcahy, TM Niemann, RC AF Hull, JR Mulcahy, TM Niemann, RC BE Breon, S DiPirro, M Glaister, D Hull, J Kittel, P Pecharsky, V Radebaugh, R Theilacker, J VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zeller, A TI Magnetically levitated space elevator to low-earth orbit SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 47, PTS A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE AB The properties of currently available NbTi superconductors and carbon-fiber structural materials enable the possibility of constructing a magnetically levitated space elevator from the earth's surface up to an altitude of approximate to200 kin. The magnetic part of the elevator consists of a long loop of current-carrying NbTi, composed of one length that is attached to the earth's surface in an cast-west direction and a levitated-arch portion, The critical current density of NbTi is sufficiently high that these conductors will stably levitate in the earth's magnetic field. The 200-km maximum height of the levitated arch is limited by the allowable stresses of the structural material. The loop is cryogenically cooled with helium, and the system utilizes intermediate pumping and cooling stations along both the ground and the levitated portion of the loop, similar to other large terrestrial cryogenic systems. A preliminary economic analysis estimates the cost to orbit at <$30/kg when amortized over ten years with a large volume of traffic; estimated construction cost is well within the ability of many industrial nations. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hull, JR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0059-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 613 BP 1711 EP 1718 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA BU75R UT WOS:000176920700211 ER PT S AU Soyars, WM Schiller, JL AF Soyars, WM Schiller, JL BE Breon, S DiPirro, M Glaister, D Hull, J Kittel, P Pecharsky, V Radebaugh, R Theilacker, J VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zeller, A TI Open channel helium flow during rupture event SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 47, PTS A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE AB Open channel fluid flow principles are applied to understand how helium might behave in the event of a release or spill in a long tunnel enclosure. An example would be helium flowing along the Tevatron accelerator tunnel as a result of some rupture of a header system. Buoyant forces would drive the helium along the ceiling until a vent to atmosphere is reached. An analogy is water flowing up to and over the crest of a dam. The momentum and continuity equations will be used to calculate the depth of helium from the ceiling as a function of length down the tunnel, for rectangular and semicircular cross sections. Testing was conducted on a scale model of the Tevatron tunnel, which generally indicated agreement between the simplified predictions and observations. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Soyars, WM (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0059-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 613 BP 1776 EP 1783 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA BU75R UT WOS:000176920700218 ER PT S AU Arenius, D Curry, D Hutton, A Mahoney, K Prior, S Robertson, H AF Arenius, D Curry, D Hutton, A Mahoney, K Prior, S Robertson, H BE Breon, S DiPirro, M Glaister, D Hull, J Kittel, P Pecharsky, V Radebaugh, R Theilacker, J VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zeller, A TI Investigation of personal and fixed head oxygen deficiency hazard monitor performance for helium gas SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 47, PTS A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE AB On May 14, 2001, the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLAB) conducted a planned liquid helium release into its accelerator tunnel to study the effectiveness of the JLAB facility to vent the helium and therefore limit the oxygen deficiency hazard (ODH). During the test, it was discovered that a wide range of various oxygen deficiency monitors, of different manufacturers, were providing substantial conflicting measurements of the true oxygen level where health effects are of concern. Yet, when tested separately with nitrogen gas as the diluting gas into air, the same models performed very well. This problem, which is associated with helium displacement of air, was found for both personal oxygen monitors and fixed installation monitors from many different manufacturers. By informing other facilities of its findings, JLAB became aware this problem also exists among other national laboratories and facilities. Many manufacturers do not have data on the effects of helium displacing air for their devices. Some manufacturers have now duplicated the test results conducted at JLAB. Since both fixed installation and personal oxygen monitors have become standard safety device in many research facilities and industries in the United States and abroad, it is important that these facilities are aware of the problem and how it is being addressed at JLAB, This paper discusses the methods, procedures and materials used by JLAB to qualify its ODH sensors for helium. Data and graphs of JLAB's findings are provided. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, JLAB, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Arenius, D (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, JLAB, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0059-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 613 BP 1784 EP 1791 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA BU75R UT WOS:000176920700219 ER PT S AU Jia, LX Wang, L AF Jia, LX Wang, L BE Breon, S DiPirro, M Glaister, D Hull, J Kittel, P Pecharsky, V Radebaugh, R Theilacker, J VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zeller, A TI Equations for gas releasing process from pressurized vessels in ODH evaluation SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 47, PTS A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE AB The evaluation of Oxygen Deficiency Hazard (ODH) is a critical part in the design of any cryogenic system. The high-pressure gas tank or low-temperature liquid container that contain asphyxiated fluid could be the sources to bring about the oxygen deficiency hazard. In the evaluation of ODH, the calculation of the spill rate from the pressurized vessel is the central task. The accuracy of the engineering estimation becomes one of the safety design issues. This paper summarizes the equations for the oxygen concentration calculation in different cases, and discusses the equations for the gas release process calculation both for the high-pressure gas tank and the low-temperature liquid container. Some simplified formulas for engineering estimation are presented along with the theoretical background that involves the process analyses under variable mass, variable pressure and variable temperature. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Jia, LX (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0059-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 613 BP 1792 EP 1798 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA BU75R UT WOS:000176920700220 ER PT S AU Wu, YL Pecharsky, AO Pecharsky, VK Gschneidner, KA AF Wu, YL Pecharsky, AO Pecharsky, VK Gschneidner, KA BE Balachandran, B Gubser, D Hartwig, KT TI Effects of praseodymium additions on the magnetothermal properties of erbium SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 48A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE ID RARE-EARTH-METALS; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; HEAT-CAPACITY; MAGNETIZATION; FIELD AB The effects of the Pr additions (10, 20, 25, and 30 at.%) on the magnetothermal properties of polycrystalline metallic Er have been studied using low temperature, high magnetic field heat capacity (4similar to120 K, 0similar to75 kOe), dc magnetization and ac magnetic susceptibility. These properties include the volumetric heat capacity, the magnetocaloric effect (MCE), the magnetic transition temperatures, the paramagnetic Curie temperatures and the effective magnetic moments. It has been found that Pr additions increase the Curie temperature and decrease the Neel temperature of Er, as well as wipe-out the 26 K and 52 K transitions apparently by merging with the former two transitions. This gives rise to only one MCE peak in each of the Er-Pr alloys, from the broad table-like shape for the Er90Pr10 alloy to the typical narrow caret-like shape for the Er70Pr30 alloy. Pr additions also increase the heat capacity of Er significantly below 18 K. The implications of this higher heat capacity as potential cryocooler regenerator materials are discussed. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wu, YL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0060-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 614 BP 3 EP 10 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BU91Z UT WOS:000177401600001 ER PT S AU Huang, H Pecharsky, AO Pecharsky, VK Gschneidner, KA AF Huang, H Pecharsky, AO Pecharsky, VK Gschneidner, KA BE Balachandran, B Gubser, D Hartwig, KT TI Preparation, crystal structure and magnetocaloric properties of Tb-5(SixGe4-x) SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 48A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE ID MAGNETIC REFRIGERATION; GD-5(SI2GE2); ALLOYS AB The crystal structure and magnetothermal properties of the potential magnetic refrigerant materials, Tb-5(SixGe4-x) alloys where x greater than or equal to 2, have been studied. The crystal structure of the Tb-5(SixGe4-x) alloys varies from the orthorhombic Gd5Si4-type to the monoclinic Gd-5(Si2Ge2)-type as silicon concentration decreases from x = 4 to x = 2. The dc magnetic susceptibility and magnetization data indicate that a paramagnetic to ferromagnetic phase transition occurs in these alloys. The heat capacity data measured in magnetic fields varying from 0 to 100 kOe show that a second order (x = 4, 3) or a first order phase transition (x = 2) occurs in the alloys, The magnetic entropy change and the adiabatic temperature change calculated from the heat capacity data indicate that the Tb-5(SixGe4-x) alloys are promising materials for magnetic refrigeration from about 100 to 250 K when their chemical composition varies from x = 2 to x = 4. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Huang, H (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0060-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 614 BP 11 EP 18 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BU91Z UT WOS:000177401600002 ER PT S AU Barzi, E Fratini, M Zlobin, AV AF Barzi, E Fratini, M Zlobin, AV BE Balachandran, B Gubser, D Hartwig, KT TI A device to test critical current sensitivity of Nb3Sn cables to pressure SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 48A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE AB Testing the critical current of superconducting cables under compression is a means to assess the performance of the final magnet. However, these cable tests are complicated and expensive. A fixture to assess the superconducting performance of a Nb3Sn strand within a reacted and impregnated cable under compression was designed and built. It is currently being commissioned. This device was designed to operate in liquid helium at 4.2K and in high magnetic fields. A cable sample is compressed between two plates. A hydraulic cylinder mounted on the top flange allows applying a pressure up to 200 MPa to the cable sample. The copper current leads to the sample were designed to carry 2000, A. This paper illustrates the fixture assembly, describes the analyses performed, details the cable sample preparation, and shows preliminary test results. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Barzi, E (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0060-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 614 BP 45 EP 52 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BU91Z UT WOS:000177401600006 ER PT S AU Lue, JW Gouge, MJ Duckworth, RC Lee, DF Kroeger, DM Pfotenhauer, JM AF Lue, JW Gouge, MJ Duckworth, RC Lee, DF Kroeger, DM Pfotenhauer, JM BE Balachandran, B Gubser, D Hartwig, KT TI Quench tests of a 20-cm-long RABiTS YBCO tape SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 48A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE ID STABILITY AB A 20-cm-long YBCO tape fabricated by the Rolling Assisted Bi-axially Textured Substrate (RABiTS) technique was used to study the quench behavior of a second-generation high-temperature superconductor (HTS). Quench tests of the sample were performed in a conduction cooling condition with a cryocooler. The sample was subjected to a short overcurrent pulse to create normal zones, followed by a longer operating current up to the critical currents of the weaker zones of the tape. Distinctive normal zone propagation was observed for the first time on a YBCO tape. Propagation velocities of 1.4 to 8.3 mm/s were measured, which increase linearly with the current. Stability margins and a minimum propagation current were also observed. One-dimensional thermal modeling showed good agreement with the test results. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lue, JW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0060-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 614 BP 321 EP 328 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BU91Z UT WOS:000177401600040 ER PT S AU Park, JH Chen, L Goretta, KC Koritala, RE Balachandran, U AF Park, JH Chen, L Goretta, KC Koritala, RE Balachandran, U BE Balachandran, B Gubser, D Hartwig, KT TI Oxidation of Hastelloy C276 SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 48A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE ID ELECTRONIC TRANSPORT; THIN-FILMS; DEPOSITION; THICKNESS; TEXTURE; OXIDES; CR2O3 AB Oxidation of Hastelloy C276 was studied at 300-800degreesC in atmospheres that ranged from 0.01 to 100% O-2. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy indicated formation of Cr2O3 scales. The oxidation kinetics were approximately parabolic, but, contrary to expectations, there was no clear trend of scale-growth kinetics vs. oxygen partial pressure. This anomalous response was attributed to an extrinsic effect from cation doping of the scale, with a possible contribution from the rough, as-rolled surface finish of most of the coupons that were tested. The scales that formed on polished surfaces at 500degreesC were smooth and nanocrystalline; those that formed at 800degreesC were dense and consisted of faceted grains with an average size of approximate to0.5-1 mum. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Park, JH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Koritala, Rachel/F-1774-2011 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0060-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 614 BP 495 EP 502 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BU91Z UT WOS:000177401600060 ER PT S AU Li, M Ma, B Koritala, RE Fisher, BL Maroni, VA Balachandran, U AF Li, M Ma, B Koritala, RE Fisher, BL Maroni, VA Balachandran, U BE Balachandran, B Gubser, D Hartwig, KT TI Structural characterization of YBCO films formed on ISD MgO buffered metal substrates by pulsed laser deposition SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 48A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE ID YBA2CU3O7 AB A biaxially textured MgO buffer layer was deposited on nontextured metal substrates by inclined substrate deposition (ISD) at a high deposition rate of 120-200 nm/min. Biaxially aligned YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) films were subsequently deposited on these substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The biaxial texture and the tilt feature of the c-axis in both the MgO buffer and YBCO film were examined by X-ray pole figure analysis, phi-scan, and chi-scan. A c-axis tilt angle of 31degrees in both the YBCO film and MgO layer was observed. Low FWHM values of 12.2degrees and 12.8degrees for the phi-scan of YBCO(103) and MgO(220), respectively, were obtained, suggesting good biaxial texture of the films. Surface morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy, which revealed a unique roof-tile feature and columnar grain growth fashion. Raman spectroscopy was also used to evaluate the quality of the YBCO film, T-c = 90 K with sharp transition and J(c) = 2 x 10(5)A/cm(2) at 77 K in zero field were obtained on the films with 0.5 mum thickness. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Li, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Koritala, Rachel/F-1774-2011; Ma, Beihai/I-1674-2013 OI Ma, Beihai/0000-0003-3557-2773 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0060-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 614 BP 531 EP 538 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BU91Z UT WOS:000177401600065 ER PT S AU Ma, B Li, M Fisher, BL Koritala, RE Balachandran, U AF Ma, B Li, M Fisher, BL Koritala, RE Balachandran, U BE Balachandran, B Gubser, D Hartwig, KT TI Epitaxial growth of YBCO films on metallic substrates buffered with yttria-stabilized zirconia SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 48A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE ID BEAM-ASSISTED DEPOSITION; ANGLE ION-BOMBARDMENT; THIN-FILMS; ORIENTATION; BICRYSTALS AB Biaxially textured yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) films were grown on polished Hastelloy C (HC) substrates by ion-beam-assisted deposition (IBAD) and electron-beam evaporation. A water-cooled sample stage was used to dissipate heat generated by the Kaufman ion source and to maintain the substrate temperature below 100degreesC during deposition. X-ray pole figures were used for texture analysis. In-plane texture measured from the YSZ (111) phi-scan full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) was 13.2degrees and out-of-plane texture from the YSZ (002) omega-scan FWHM was 7.7degrees. In-plane texture improved with lowered substrate temperature during IBAD deposition. RMS surface roughness of 3.3 nm was measured by atomic force microscopy. A thin CeO2 buffer layer (approximate to10 nm) was deposited to improve the lattice match between the YSZ and YBCO films and to enhance the biaxial alignment of YBCO films. YBCO films were epitaxially grown on IBAD-YSZ buffered HC substrates with and without CeO2 buffer layers by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). In-plane texture FWHMs of 12degrees and 9degrees were observed for CeO2 (111) and YBCO (103), respectively. T-c = 90 K, with sharp transition, and J(c) values of approximate to2 X 10(6) A/cm(2) at 77 K in zero field were observed on 0.5-mum-thick, 5-mm-wide, and 1-cm-long samples. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ma, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Koritala, Rachel/F-1774-2011; Ma, Beihai/I-1674-2013 OI Ma, Beihai/0000-0003-3557-2773 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0060-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 614 BP 573 EP 580 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BU91Z UT WOS:000177401600070 ER PT S AU Holesinger, TG Gibbons, BJ Foltyn, SR Arendt, PN Groves, JR Coulter, JY AF Holesinger, TG Gibbons, BJ Foltyn, SR Arendt, PN Groves, JR Coulter, JY BE Balachandran, B Gubser, D Hartwig, KT TI Microstructural development and control in YBa2Cu3Oy coated conductors SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 48A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; O THIN-FILMS; BUFFER LAYERS; ALLOYS AB A study of some defect structures in Y1Ba2Cu3O7 (Y-123) coated conductors based on ion-beam-assisted-deposition (IBAD) of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) on nickel alloy substrates is presented. Defect structures can originate anywhere in the coated conductor architecture. Defects can be additive and propagate through the entire film structure to affect the growth, orientation, and properties of the superconducting film. Interfacial reactions between Y-123 and the underlying buffer layer and the corresponding effects on the transport properties of the films can be controlled with the thickness of the underlying buffer layer. With a 90Angstrom ceria buffer layer on an MAD YSZ coated metal substrate, a J(c) value of 1.7 MA/cm(2) (self-field, 75K) was obtained in a 1.5mum thick Y-123 film. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Holesinger, TG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0060-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 614 BP 647 EP 653 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BU91Z UT WOS:000177401600080 ER PT S AU Holesinger, TG Bingert, JF Parrella, RD Riley, GN AF Holesinger, TG Bingert, JF Parrella, RD Riley, GN BE Balachandran, B Gubser, D Hartwig, KT TI The development of the superconducting phase and the origin of potential current limiting defects in Bi-2223 tapes SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 48A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE ID GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA BICRYSTALS; THIN-FILMS; DIFFRACTION; TRANSPORT; KINETICS; WIRES AB Controlling phase development and optimizing grain-to-grain connectivity are tile primary issues that affect the performance of (Bi,Pb)(2)Sr2Ca2Cu3O10-x (Bi-2223) multifilamentary tapes. Analytical electron microscopy was used to identify defects in these tapes that were either structural, compositional, or a combination of the two. Defects are introduced into the filament microstructure either intrinsically through the normal evolution of phases or extrinsically by various aspects of tile thermo-mechanical processing. Relationships between connectivity and microstructure are discussed in light of the present understanding of current transport in Bi-2223 tapes. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Holesinger, TG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0060-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 614 BP 724 EP 731 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BU91Z UT WOS:000177401600090 ER PT S AU Koritala, RE Prorok, BC Goretta, KC Park, JH Balachandran, U McNallan, MJ AF Koritala, RE Prorok, BC Goretta, KC Park, JH Balachandran, U McNallan, MJ BE Balachandran, B Gubser, D Hartwig, KT TI Microstructure and mechanical properties of internally oxidized Ag/1.12 at.% Mg SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 48A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE ID SUPERCONDUCTING TAPES; OXIDATION; ALLOYS; DEFORMATION; SHEATHS; AG AB Dilute Ag-Mg alloys have emerged as promising candidates in first- and second-generation high-temperature superconductors. In this work, Ag/1.12 at.% Mg alloy coupons were internally oxidized over a range of temperature and time. Microstructural development and formation of Mg-O clusters in the alloy during oxidation were studied by optical and electron microscopy. The highest strength was produced by annealing the alloy at 600degreesC for a time sufficient to attain oxygen saturation, followed by a second annealing at 825degreesC. Anomalous effects were observed when the alloy was initially annealed at 500 and then 825degreesC, with the alloy exhibiting low strength, but significant ductility. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Koritala, RE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Koritala, Rachel/F-1774-2011 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0060-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 614 BP 768 EP 774 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BU91Z UT WOS:000177401600096 ER PT S AU Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC Kogan, VG AF Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC Kogan, VG BE Balachandran, B Gubser, D Hartwig, KT TI Basic properties and possible high superconducting anisotropy of MgB2 sintered powders and wire segments SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 48A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE ID THIN-FILMS; FIELD AB We will briefly outline recent work done by the Ames Laboratory group and collaborators on synthesis and physical properties of newly discovered intermetallic superconductor, MgB2 (T-c approximate to 40 K), produced in the form of sintered powder and wire segments with the emphasis to be on recent results that indicate that MgB2 may well have significant anisotropies associated with the superconducting state. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bud'ko, SL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0060-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 614 BP 846 EP 855 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BU91Z UT WOS:000177401600106 ER PT S AU Barzi, E Ambrosio, G Fratini, M Bauer, P Scanlan, RM Yamada, R Zlobin, AV AF Barzi, E Ambrosio, G Fratini, M Bauer, P Scanlan, RM Yamada, R Zlobin, AV BE Balachandran, B Gubser, D Hartwig, KT TI Study of Nb3Sn strands and cables for Fermilab's common coil dipole models SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 48A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE AB Fermilab is developing 10-12 T superconducting dipole magnets for future accelerators based on Nb3Sn conductor, Within the High Field Magnet Project, a common coil design was chosen for magnet R&D using the react & wind approach. Based on cable studies in which a variety of designs were tried and tested using inexpensive ITER strands, a 41-strand cable was used for a racetrack coil, whereas a 60-strand cable was preferred for the common coil model. Multifilamentary Nb3Sn strands 0.7 mm in diameter to be respectively used in the racetrack coil and the common coil model were purchased from OST (Modified Jelly Roll technology) and IGC (Internal Tin technology). They are herein characterized by I-c, n-value, residual resistivity ratio, and magnetization. Results of cabling and bending degradation are also presented. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Barzi, E (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0060-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 614 BP 933 EP 940 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BU91Z UT WOS:000177401600116 ER PT S AU Andreev, N Barzi, E Chichili, DR Mattafirri, S Zlobin, AV AF Andreev, N Barzi, E Chichili, DR Mattafirri, S Zlobin, AV BE Balachandran, B Gubser, D Hartwig, KT TI Volume expansion of Nb-Sn strands and cables during heat treatment SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 48A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE ID NB3SN STRANDS; FERMILAB AB In the recent years, Nb3Sn has been widely used for the development of high field superconducting magnets. It is known that the unreacted Nb-Sn composite undergoes a volume expansion during heat treatment due to the formation of the Nb3Sn phase. In an as-received strand this expansion is isotropic. However, an anisotropic volume expansion was observed in the Rutherford-type cable samples. A systematic study was undertaken to investigate this phenomenon and to check the hypothesis that the plastic deformation of the strands during cabling process is responsible for this behavior. Nb-Sn strands from various manufacturing technologies were rolled down to different sizes, and the resulting thickness and width of the deformed strands were measured before and after heat treatment, The results obtained on the deformed strands were then compared with those obtained from cables. A good consistency was achieved in most of the cases. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Andreev, N (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0060-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 614 BP 941 EP 948 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BU91Z UT WOS:000177401600117 ER PT S AU Scanlan, RM Dietderich, DR Zeitlin, BA AF Scanlan, RM Dietderich, DR Zeitlin, BA BE Balachandran, B Gubser, D Hartwig, KT TI Development of cost-effective Nb3Sn conductors for the next generation hadron colliders SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 48A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE ID HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS; DIPOLE MAGNETS; DESIGNS; FUSION; TIN AB Significant progress has been made in demonstrating that reliable, efficient high field dipole magnets can be made with Nb3Sn superconductors. A key factor in determining whether these magnets will be a cost-effective solution for the next generation hadron collider is the conductor cost. Consequently, DOE initiated a conductor development program to demonstrate that Nb3Sn can be improved to reach a cost/performance value of $1.50/kA-m at 12T, 4.2K. The first phase of this program was initiated in Jan 2000, with the goal of improving the key properties of interest for accelerator dipole magnets--high critical current density and low magnetization. New world record critical current densities have been reported recently, and it appears that significant potential exists for further improvement. Although new techniques for compensating for magnetization effects have reduced the requirements somewhat, techniques for lowering the effective filament size while maintaining these high Jc values are a program priority. The next phase of this program is focused on reducing the conductor cost through substitution of lower cost raw materials and through process improvements. The cost drivers for materials and fabrication have been identified, and projects are being initiated to demonstrate cost reductions. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Scanlan, RM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0060-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 614 BP 949 EP 957 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BU91Z UT WOS:000177401600118 ER PT S AU Rey, JM Barzi, E Mattafirri, S Hoffman, J Yamada, R AF Rey, JM Barzi, E Mattafirri, S Hoffman, J Yamada, R BE Balachandran, B Gubser, D Hartwig, KT TI Effect of partially reacting Nb3Sn before magnet winding on the strand critical current SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 48A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE AB Nb3Sn is currently the material most commonly foreseen for the development of high field superconducting magnets. This is done by either the wind and react technique, usually Z used for compact magnets like accelerator magnets, or the react and wind technique, more common on large scale magnets. In both cases, a thorough understanding of the Cu-Sn system diffusion and phase formation processes is necessary to optimize the Nb3Sn reaction cycle. Attention has to be paid to both the superconducting performance and the prevention of thermally induced damage of the final produced conductor. The formation of the eta and epsilon phases of the Cu-Sn phase diagram was investigated as a function of time and temperature. Wherever possible, the activation energies and diffusion coefficients were calculated. The feasibility of winding partly reacted cables to reduce the manufacturing time was also explored. Nb3Sn strands have been partially reacted to convert the Sri to the eta and epsilon phases of the Cu-Sn phase diagram, and then plastically strained to figure out a cabling and/or a winding degradation. After completion of the reaction cycle, the critical current was measured and compared with that obtained with an uninterrupted cycle. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Rey, JM (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0060-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 614 BP 1001 EP 1007 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BU91Z UT WOS:000177401600124 ER PT S AU Willis, JO Coulter, JY Maley, MP Ullmann, JL Fleshler, S Riley, GN AF Willis, JO Coulter, JY Maley, MP Ullmann, JL Fleshler, S Riley, GN BE Balachandran, B Gubser, D Hartwig, KT TI Enhanced critical currents in Bi-2223/Ag sheathed tapes by high energy proton irradiation SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 48A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITIES; SPLAYED COLUMNAR DEFECTS; 0.8 GEV PROTONS; FISSION TRACKS AB We irradiated Bi-2223/Ag sheathed tapes with high-energy protons, causing fission reactions with Bi and Pb nuclei and generating in situ splayed columnar defects in the superconductor core of the tapes. We find that the best 75 K critical-current density J(c) performance in an applied magnetic field B perpendicular to the tape plane is achieved at a matching field, for which the flux-quantum density equals the columnar-defect density, of about 1 T. At this defect density, the J(c) at 75 K and 1 T perpendicular to the tape plane is almost 100 times larger than that for an unirradiated tape. For higher proton doses, there is increasingly greater grain-boundary damage, lowering the self-field J(c) and ultimately degrading the in-field performance. However, much of this damage can be repaired with a short anneal at 400degreesC. Decreasing the incident proton energy from 800 to 500 MeV has little effect on the enhanced J(c) performance and has beneficial side effects. Irradiation of a stack of tapes demonstrates the high penetration power and uniform generation of columnar defects throughout a substantial volume of material. The application of this technique to improved device performance will be discussed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconductor Technol Inc, MST, STC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Willis, JO (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconductor Technol Inc, MST, STC, MS-K763, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0060-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 614 BP 1201 EP 1208 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BU91Z UT WOS:000177401600148 ER PT S AU Bresson, E Chevassut, O Pointcheval, D AF Bresson, E Chevassut, O Pointcheval, D BE Zheng, Y TI Group Diffie-Hellman key exchange secure against dictionary attacks SO ADVANCES IN CRYPTOLOGY - ASIACRYPT 2002, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on the Theory and Application of Cryptology and Information Security CY DEC 01-05, 2002 CL QUEENSTOWN, NEW ZEALAND SP Int Assoc Cryptol Res AB Group Diffie-Hellman schemes for password-based key exchange axe designed to provide a pool of players communicating over a public network, and sharing just a human-memorable password, with a session key (e.g, the key is used for multicast data integrity and confidentiality). The fundamental security goal to achieve in this scenario is security against dictionary attacks. While solutions have been proposed to solve this problem no formal treatment has ever been suggested. In this paper, we define a security model and then present a protocol with its security proof in both the random oracle,model and the ideal-cipher model. C1 Ecole Normale Super, F-75230 Paris 05, France. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ecole Normale Super, F-75230 Paris 05, France. EM Emmanuel.Bresson@ens.fr; OChevassut@lbl.gov; David.Pointcheval@ens.fr RI bao, jerry/C-3311-2009 NR 21 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-00171-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2501 BP 497 EP 514 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BW69Y UT WOS:000182854800031 ER PT S AU Bresson, E Chevassut, O Pointcheval, D AF Bresson, E Chevassut, O Pointcheval, D BE Knudsen, L TI Dynamic group Diffie-Hellman key exchange under standard assumptions SO ADVANCES IN CRYPTOLOGY - EUROCRYPT 2002, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2002 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP Philips Semiconductors Cryptol Competence Ctr, Mitsubishi Elect Corp, cv cryptovision, Cryptomathic, ERCIM, CMG, Sectra, EUFORCE, EIDMA ID SECURE AB Authenticated Diffie-Hellman key exchange allows two principals communicating over a public network, and each holding public/private keys, to agree on a shared secret value. In this paper we study the natural extension of this cryptographic problem to a group of principals. We begin from existing formal security models and refine them to incorporate major missing details (e.g., strong-corruption and concurrent sessions). Within this model we define the execution of a protocol for authenticated dynamic group Diffie-Hellman and show that it is provably secure under the decisional Diffie-Hellman assumption. Our security result holds in the standard model and thus provides better security guarantees than previously published results in the random oracle model. C1 Ecole Normale Super, F-75230 Paris 05, France. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Catholique Louvain, B-31348 Louvain, Belgium. RP Bresson, E (reprint author), Ecole Normale Super, F-75230 Paris 05, France. EM Emmanuel.Bresson@ens.fr; OChevassut@lbl.gov; David.Pointchevall@ens.fr NR 29 TC 109 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-43553-0 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2332 BP 321 EP 336 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY58Q UT WOS:000189414700021 ER PT S AU Huang, JY AF Huang, JY BE Rahman, M Verhoeven, R Brebbia, CA TI Aerodynamics of a moving curveball in Newtonian flow SO ADVANCES IN FLUID MECHANICS IV SE ADVANCES IN FLUID MECHANICS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International on Advances in Fluid Mechanics CY MAY, 2002 CL GHENT, BELGIUM SP Wessex Inst Technol, Dalhousie Univ Canada, Ghent Univ ID FALLING PAPER; BEHAVIOR AB We propose a dynamical system of the interaction between a ball and a viscid flow in two-dimensional space. It's the combination of Navier-Stokes equations for the fluid and Newton's 2nd law for the ball. The ban's trajectory is unknown and determined by the dynamical system. The author has successfully rewritten the dynamics in coordinates moving with the ball and it makes numerical simulations possible. The curved flight path of the ball is obtained and so is the behavior of the flow around it. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Huang, JY (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1353-808X BN 1-85312-910-0 J9 ADV FLUID MECH SER PY 2002 BP 597 EP 606 PG 10 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA BU80C UT WOS:000177065000055 ER PT S AU Pennycook, SJ AF Pennycook, SJ BE Hawkes, PW TI Structure determination through Z-contrast microscopy SO ADVANCES IN IMAGING AND ELECTRON PHYSICS, VOL 123: MICROSCOPY, SPECTROSCOPY, HOLOGRAPHY AND CRYSTALLOGRAPHY WITH ELECTRONS SE Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics LA English DT Review ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; REDUCED CRITICAL CURRENTS; ANGLE GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; UNIT-CELL MODEL; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; QUASI-CRYSTALS; BLOCH WAVES C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Pennycook, SJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 68 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1076-5670 BN 0-12-014765-3 J9 ADV IMAG ELECT PHYS JI Adv. Imag. Electron Phys. PY 2002 VL 123 BP 173 EP 206 PG 34 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BV69V UT WOS:000179796300005 ER PT S AU Marchetti, F Wyrobek, AJ AF Marchetti, F Wyrobek, AJ BE Robaire, B Hales, BF TI PAINT/DAPI analysis of mouse zygotes to detect paternally transmitted chromosomal aberrations SO ADVANCES IN MALE MEDIATED DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Male Mediated Developmental Toxicity CY JUN, 2001 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP NIH, NICHD, NIEHS, NCI ID DOMINANT-LETHAL MUTATIONS; DNA TOPOISOMERASE-II; GRISEOFULVIN-INDUCED ANEUPLOIDY; ONE-CELL ZYGOTES; MALE-MICE; GERM-CELLS; HERITABLE TRANSLOCATIONS; X-RAY; CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS; PARENTAL ORIGIN C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Marchetti, F (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM marchetti2@llnl.gov; wyrobek1@llnl.gov NR 85 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-47480-8 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2002 VL 518 BP 131 EP 145 PG 15 WC Andrology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Research & Experimental Medicine; Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA BW88Y UT WOS:000183490600011 ER PT B AU Thomas, JJ McGee, DR Kuchar, OA Graybeal, JW McQuerry, DL Novak, PL AF Thomas, JJ McGee, DR Kuchar, OA Graybeal, JW McQuerry, DL Novak, PL BE Vince, J Earnshaw, R TI What is your relationship with your information space? SO ADVANCES IN MODELLING, ANIMATION AND RENDERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Modelling, Animation and Rendering CY 2002 CL UNIV BRADFORD, BRADFORD, ENGLAND HO UNIV BRADFORD DE interaction; discourse; human-computer interface; massive data AB This invited paper describes a vision for a fundamentally new approach to finding the unexpected and verifying the expected in massive information spaces. Rather than communicate with our information spaces using abstractions, our relationship and interaction with our information spaces are that of a master to its slave. Today, we specify searches and our information resources respond to our specifically worded queries. However, when dealing with massive information spaces, determining how to construct the queries themselves is daunting. Instead, we argue that the information spaces themselves must be given sufficient latitude to support a human-information discourse, by (1) developing its own initiative and thereby supporting a more equal communication style, (2) presenting information within a context that can itself be relied upon as an artifact of communication, (3) while creating a two way dialogue for query and thought refinement. We will motivate the change from human-computer interaction into human-information interaction, discuss higher order interactions with information spaces, and address the technical challenges in achieving this vision. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jim.thomas@pnl.gov; david.mcgee@pnl.gov; olga.kuchar@pnl.gov; judith.graybeal@pnl.gov; dennis.mcquerry@pnl.gov; pamela.novak@pnl.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND BN 1-85233-654-4 PY 2002 BP 79 EP 91 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV19F UT WOS:000178106000005 ER PT S AU Crawford, RK AF Crawford, RK CA SNS Instrument Syst Team BE Anderson, IS Guerard, B TI Neutron scattering instrumentation at the Spallation Neutron Source SO ADVANCES IN NEUTRON SCATTERING INSTRUMENTATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Neutron Scattering Instrumentation CY JUL 07-08, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE neutron scattering; instrumentation; Spallation Neutron Source AB The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is an accelerator-based short-pulse neutron scattering facility designed to provide an order of magnitude more power than the most powerful existing facility of this type. The SNS is being constructed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and is on schedule for completion in 2006. The unprecedented power of this facility brings many new opportunities and challenges for neutron scattering instrumentation. This instrumentation will cover a broad spectrum of science, with every instrument designed to be best-in-class. The SNS has provisions to accommodate up to 24 neutron beam instruments, and design and construction of a number of these instruments are already underway. Some of these instruments are funded within the SNS construction project and some from external sources. This paper will discuss the status of these funded. instrumentation activities and of some other instrumentation activities in the planning stage, and will also discuss the process for providing additional instruments. The paper will also indicate the performance expected from many of these instruments and will address some of the challenges and opportunities faced in instrumenting a new spallation source of this unprecedented intensity. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, IPNS Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Crawford, RK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, IPNS Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4552-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4785 BP 10 EP 23 DI 10.1117/12.454819 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV78C UT WOS:000179996400002 ER PT S AU Mezei, F Russina, M AF Mezei, F Russina, M BE Anderson, IS Guerard, B TI Multiplexing chopper systems for pulsed neutron source instruments SO ADVANCES IN NEUTRON SCATTERING INSTRUMENTATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Neutron Scattering Instrumentation CY JUL 07-08, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE pulsed neutron sources; chopper system; neutron instrumentation; multiplexing; repetition rate multiplication AB The choice of pulse repetition rates and pulse lengths provided by a pulsed neutron source cannot ideally fit the requirements of all of the various neutron scattering experiments. Novel multiplexing chopper systems we propose can help to enhance instrument performance by tailoring the effective pulse parameters to better meet experimental needs. In particular schemes to multiply pulse repetition rates and wavelength bands and to enhance wavelength resolution will be discussed, together with an efficient chopper system design tool based on the new concept of wavelength filtering. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Mezei, F (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Russina, Margarita/E-9886-2016 OI Russina, Margarita/0000-0003-2067-606X NR 5 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4552-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4785 BP 24 EP 33 DI 10.1117/12.451687 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV78C UT WOS:000179996400003 ER PT S AU Stoica, AD Wang, XL AF Stoica, AD Wang, XL BE Anderson, IS Guerard, B TI Silicon-based glancing incidence reflection superposition lens SO ADVANCES IN NEUTRON SCATTERING INSTRUMENTATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Neutron Scattering Instrumentation CY JUL 07-08, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE neutron optics; neutron scattering instrumentation; supermirror; pulsed neutron source ID MICROCHANNEL PLATES; NEUTRONS; OPTICS; COLLIMATORS; LOBSTER; DESIGN AB Many topics of interest for neutron scattering demand small sampling volumes. Then the scattering instruments should include focusing devices in order to deliver a sharp spatially shaped neutron beam at the sample position. Moreover the wavelength bandwidth should be sufficiently large if time-of-flight. method is used. In this contribution a new compact focusing device is proposed. The device is made of a stack of bent silicon wafers, each having a glancing reflective layer deposited on one side and a neutron absorbing layer on the other side. This device acts as a lens by superposing the images delivered by individual mirrors. The aberrations are minimized due to the short length of the device. From this point of view this type of superposition lens is equivalent to a long elliptic or parabolic mirror. Consequently a two dimensional focusing could be obtained by combining two devices in a Kirkpatrik-Baez set-up. Basic design principles are described and Monte-Carlo simulation results are presented. Possible applications in neutron instrumentation are reviewed. C1 ORNL, SNS, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Stoica, AD (reprint author), ORNL, SNS, 701 Scarboro Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RI Wang, Xun-Li/C-9636-2010; Stoica, Alexandru/K-3614-2013 OI Wang, Xun-Li/0000-0003-4060-8777; Stoica, Alexandru/0000-0001-5118-0134 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4552-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4785 BP 34 EP 42 DI 10.1117/12.451685 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV78C UT WOS:000179996400004 ER PT S AU Ankner, JF Rehm, C Blakeman, ED Kellogg, RL AF Ankner, JF Rehm, C Blakeman, ED Kellogg, RL BE Anderson, IS Guerard, B TI Optical design of the SNS liquids reflectometer SO ADVANCES IN NEUTRON SCATTERING INSTRUMENTATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Neutron Scattering Instrumentation CY JUL 07-08, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE neutron reflectivity; reflectometer; neutron optics; pulsed neutron sources AB Barring a monumental failure of design execution or of performance estimation, the liquids reflectometer at the SNS will provide unprecedented capabilities for the study of liquid and solid surfaces. Design of the instrument is well underway and procurement of the guide components has begun. Neutrons from a coupled 20-K supercritical hydrogen moderator will be delivered via a multi-channel supermirror bender and tapered guide onto either a horizontal or tilted surface. Collimating slits select the beam incident angle from a 0-5degrees vertical intensity distribution provided by the optics. With the SNS running at 2 MW, the instrument will be able to accumulate a complete specular reflectivity scan from D2O (R < 10(-7), Q > 0.5 Angstrom(-1)) in less than 10 minutes. We will describe the optical design of the SNS liquids reflectometer, compare it with a conventional instrument, and estimate its time resolution for a model kinetic system. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ankner, JF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Ankner, John/0000-0002-6737-5718 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4552-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4785 BP 53 EP 63 DI 10.1117/12.451684 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV78C UT WOS:000179996400006 ER PT S AU Agamalian, M Carpenter, JM Littrell, KC Thiyagarajan, P Rehm, C AF Agamalian, M Carpenter, JM Littrell, KC Thiyagarajan, P Rehm, C BE Anderson, IS Guerard, B TI Time-of-flight ultra-small-angle neutron scattering instrument for the SNS SO ADVANCES IN NEUTRON SCATTERING INSTRUMENTATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Neutron Scattering Instrumentation CY JUL 07-08, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE Bonse-Hart technique; ultra-small-angle neutron scattering AB The present calculations describing the Bonse-Hart Ultra-Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (USANS) Instrument with triple-bounce Si channel-cut crystals show that significant gains in neutron flux and Q-resolution can be achieved using multiple high-order Bragg reflections. These reflections become usable only after combining the Bonse-Hart and Time-of-Flight techniques, thus this variant of the USANS camera needs a pulsed neutron source. We clearly demonstrate that new instruments of that type installed at the SNS water moderator will improve the current state-of-the art USANS camera dramatically increasing the neutron flux and sharpening the Q-resolution by almost one order of magnitude. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37813 USA. RP Agamalian, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37813 USA. RI Littrell, Kenneth/D-2106-2013; OI Littrell, Kenneth/0000-0003-2308-8618; Agamalian, Michael/0000-0002-9112-2534 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4552-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4785 BP 134 EP 142 DI 10.1117/12.469979 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV78C UT WOS:000179996400014 ER PT S AU Fitzsimmons, MR Fritzsche, H Major, J Pynn, R Rekveldt, MT AF Fitzsimmons, MR Fritzsche, H Major, J Pynn, R Rekveldt, MT BE Anderson, IS Guerard, B TI Enhancing the resolution and intensity of neutron scattering experiments using Neutron Spin Echo SO ADVANCES IN NEUTRON SCATTERING INSTRUMENTATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Neutron Scattering Instrumentation CY JUL 07-08, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol ID INSTRUMENT; SANS AB We discuss a method, based on the neutron spin echo technique, which can be used to enhance a variety of neutron scattering experiments. In the method, precession of the neutron's spin in a magnetic field is used to code a particular component of the neutron's incident or scattered wavevector. The method allows good resolution to be obtained along any chosen direction in wavevector-and-energy-transfer (Q,E) space and is independent of other resolution elements such as collimators or monochromators. Such components can thus be chosen to maximize signal intensity. The equipment we describe uses thin, magnetic films deposited on silicon substrates to manipulate neutron spins in the manner required to implement the spin echo method. These films and their mounts are inexpensive, easy to build and adjust, and can be added as a "bolt-on" option to any constant-wavelength neutron spectrometer that already provides polarized neutrons. Resolutions comparable with the best achievable with tight collimation or monochromatization should be easily attainable. The gains in intensity achievable for reflectometry and SANS are discussed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Pynn, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; OI Fritzsche, Helmut/0000-0001-5288-8302 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4552-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4785 BP 143 EP 152 DI 10.1117/12.453901 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV78C UT WOS:000179996400015 ER PT S AU Felcher, GP te Velthuis, SGET Major, J Dosch, H Anderson, C Habicht, K Keller, T AF Felcher, GP te Velthuis, SGET Major, J Dosch, H Anderson, C Habicht, K Keller, T BE Anderson, IS Guerard, B TI Spin-echo resolved grazing incidence scattering (SERGIS) of cold neutrons SO ADVANCES IN NEUTRON SCATTERING INSTRUMENTATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Neutron Scattering Instrumentation CY JUL 07-08, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE neutron reflectivity; spin-echo ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; ROUGH SURFACES; GROWTH; SHAPE; SANS AB The conceptual design of a new instrument is presented, which makes use of the spin echo technique to analyze the scattering angle of neutrons impinging upon a rough or corrugated surface at grazing incidence. In a grazing incidence geometry the roughness of the surface and of submersed interfaces give rise to a neutron scattering pattern at angles well resolved from that of specular reflection for corrugation lengths up to several microns, but only in the plane of specular reflection. In contrast, scattering caused by corrugations of comparable length perpendicular to the reflection plane is limited to angles that can be separated only with an extreme tightening of the instrumental resolution. However this scattering can be well resolved by spin-echo methods for polarized neutrons. Results from scattering in and out of the reflection plane provide complementary information on the structure of the roughness and its location in a system with complex layering. This spin-echo technique may also distinguish static from time-dependent roughness. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Felcher, GP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI te Velthuis, Suzanne/I-6735-2013; Habicht, Klaus/K-3636-2013 OI te Velthuis, Suzanne/0000-0002-1023-8384; Habicht, Klaus/0000-0002-9915-7221 NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4552-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4785 BP 164 EP 173 DI 10.1117/12.451683 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV78C UT WOS:000179996400017 ER PT S AU Zhao, JK Yuan, P AF Zhao, JK Yuan, P BE Anderson, IS Guerard, B TI Analyses and simulations of spin-echo small-angle neutron scattering instrument SO ADVANCES IN NEUTRON SCATTERING INSTRUMENTATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Neutron Scattering Instrumentation CY JUL 07-08, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE SANS; SESANS; neutron spin echo; resolution; smearing; truncation AB Spin echo small-angle neutron scattering (SESANS) is a novel technique that measures correlation functions in real space. Recent theoretical study on SESANS has enabled the interpretation of this correlation function. It has also revealed the range of applications and limitations of the SESANS technique. On a two-dimensional SESANS instrument, the experimental correlation function is the pair-distance distribution function of the scattering particle. On a one-dimensional instrument, the correlation function is an integral function of the pair-distance distribution function. SESANS is suitable for studying particles from a nanometer to a few tens of micrometers in size, a range that is similar to that covered by the traditional Bonse-Hart ultrasmall-angle neutron scattering instrument. The greatest advantage of SESANS lies in the fact that it can use divergent neutron beams, thus drastically increasing the counting rate. The resolution of a SESANS instrument is limited by the integrated Larmor precession field and by the neutron wavelength. Because any SESANS instrument will have a limited momentum transfer coverage, truncation errors can result in the measured correlation functions. The effect of the inhomogeneity of the Larmor field can be handled as smearing. On a one-dimensional SESANS instrument, the off-plane scatterings also result in smearing effects. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Zhao, JK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RI Yuan, Peng/A-7643-2012; Zhao, Jinkui/B-7872-2013 OI Zhao, Jinkui/0000-0002-7756-1952 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4552-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4785 BP 174 EP 181 DI 10.1117/12.453930 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV78C UT WOS:000179996400018 ER PT S AU Fried, J Harder, JA Mahler, GJ Makowiecki, DS Mead, JA Radeka, V Schaknowski, NA Smith, GC Yu, B AF Fried, J Harder, JA Mahler, GJ Makowiecki, DS Mead, JA Radeka, V Schaknowski, NA Smith, GC Yu, B BE Anderson, IS Guerard, B TI Advanced two-dimensional thermal neutron detectors for scattering studies SO ADVANCES IN NEUTRON SCATTERING INSTRUMENTATION SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Neutron Scattering Instrumentation CY JUL 07-08, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE neutron detector; position sensitive; imaging AB Advances in neutron scattering studies will be given a large boost with the advent of new spallation and reactor sources at present under consideration or construction. An important element for future experiments is a commensurate improvement in neutron detection techniques. At Brookhaven, a development program is under way for greatly increasing the angular coverage, rate capability and resolution of detectors for scattering studies. For example, a curved detector with angular coverage of 120degrees x 15degrees has recently been developed for protein crystallography at a spallation source. Based on neutron detection using (3)He, the detector has the following major, new attributes: eight identical proportional wire segments operating in parallel, a single gas volume with seamless readout at segment boundaries, parallax errors eliminated in the horizontal plane by the detector's appropriate radius of curvature, high-throughput front-end electronics, position decoding based on high performance digital signal processing. The detector has a global rate capability greater than 1 million per second, position resolution less than 1.5 mm FWHM, timing resolution about 1mus, efficiency of 50% and 90% at 1 Angstrom and 4 Angstrom respectively, and an active area 1.5 m x 20 cm. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fried, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM gsmith@bnl.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4552-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2002 VL 4785 BP 197 EP 202 DI 10.1117/12.456300 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV78C UT WOS:000179996400020 ER PT S AU Hutchinson, DP Richards, RK Maxey, LC Cooper, RG Holcomb, DE AF Hutchinson, DP Richards, RK Maxey, LC Cooper, RG Holcomb, DE BE Anderson, IS Guerard, B TI Optical readout for imaging neutron scintillation detectors SO ADVANCES IN NEUTRON SCATTERING INSTRUMENTATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Neutron Scattering Instrumentation CY JUL 07-08, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol AB The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) under construction at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) will be the most important new neutron scattering facility in the United States. Neutron scattering instruments for the SNS will require large area detectors with fast response (< 1 microsecond), high efficiency over a wide range of neutron energies (0.1 to 10 eV), and low gamma ray sensitivity. We are currently developing area neutron detectors based on a combination of a (LiF)-Li-6/ZnS(Ag) scintillator screen coupled to a wavelength-shifting fiber optic readout array. A 25 x 25 cm prototype detector is currently under development. Initial tests at the Intense Pulsed Neutron Source at the Argonne National Laboratory have demonstrated good imaging properties coupled with very low gamma ray sensitivity. The response time of this detector is approximately 1 microsecond. Details of the design and test results of the detector will be presented. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hutchinson, DP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Holcomb, David/0000-0001-8263-4661 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4552-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4785 BP 262 EP 267 DI 10.1117/12.451682 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV78C UT WOS:000179996400027 ER PT S AU Gao, J Hooker, BS Skeen, RS Anderson, DB AF Gao, J Hooker, BS Skeen, RS Anderson, DB BE Lankey, RL Anastas, PT TI Development of a flexible system for the simultaneous conversion of biomass to industrial chemicals and the production of industrial biocatalysts SO ADVANCING SUSTAINABILITY THROUGH GREEN CHEMISTRY AND ENGINEERING SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Green Chemistry and Engineering Conference CY JUN 27-29, 2000 CL NATL ACAD SCI, WASHINGTON, D.C. HO NATL ACAD SCI ID STATE FERMENTATION SYSTEM; SCHWANNIOMYCES-CASTELLII; ALPHA-AMYLASE; SACCHAROMYCOPSIS-FIBULIGERA; STARCH; YEAST; GLUCOAMYLASE; ETHANOL; HYDROLYSIS; CEREVISIAE AB A flexible system was developed for the simultaneous conversion of biomass to industrial chemicals and the production of industrial biocatalysts. In particular, the expression of a bacterial enzyme, beta-glucuronidase (GUS), was investigated using a genetically modified starch-degrading Saccharomyces strain in suspension cultures in starch media. Different sources of starch, including corn and waste potato starch, were used for yeast biomass accumulation and GUS expression studies under controls of inducible and constitutive promoters. A thermostable bacterial cellulase (El beta-1,4-endoglucanase) gene of Acidothermus cellulolyticus was also cloned into an episomal plasmid expression vector and expressed in the starch-degrading Saccharomyces strain. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Technol Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gao, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Technol Div, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999,MS K2-10, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3778-6 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2002 VL 823 BP 145 EP 161 DI 10.1021/bk-2002-0823.ch011 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BW15X UT WOS:000181025100011 ER PT J AU Finnan, JM Donnelly, A Burke, JI Jones, MB AF Finnan, JM Donnelly, A Burke, JI Jones, MB TI The effects of elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide and ozone on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) yield SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Solanum tuberosum; ozone; carbon dioxide; open top chambers; Ireland ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; CO2 CONCENTRATIONS; AIR-POLLUTANTS; SPRING WHEAT; GROWTH; O-3; PLANTS; DAMAGE; CROP; ENRICHMENT AB Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. 'Bintje') were grown in open top chambers at a site in the south-east of Ireland and exposed to ambient and elevated concentrations of CO(2) in combination with ambient and elevated concentrations of O(3) in the 1998 and 1999 growing seasons, Elevated concentrations Of CO(2) (680ppm) were supplied throughout day and night. Additional O(3) (50 ppb in 1998 70 ppb in 1999) was added to ambient air to create elevated O(3) treatments. Exposure to elevated concentrations Of O(3) caused visual damage to the leaves of the potato plants in both years of the study. In 1999, ozone damage to leaves was significantly reduced in the presence of elevated concentrations of CO(2). Stomatal conductance was reduced by elevated CO, and was reduced further by the elevated O(3) treatment under elevated CO(2). Exposure to elevated CO(2) increased tuber fresh weight yield by 32% in both years of the study. The yield increase was attributable to larger tuber sizes and not to an increase in the number of tubers. Tuber yield was unaffected by elevated O(3) at ambient concentrations of CO(2) in both years of the study. In 1999, the yield increase induced by elevated CO(2) was substantially reduced by the presence of elevated O(3). The reason for this phenomenon is unclear. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Pk Res Ctr, Carlow, Ireland. Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Dept Bot, Dublin 2, Ireland. RP Finnan, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Pottery Rd, Dublin, Ireland. EM j.finnan@epa.ie RI Finnan, John/D-1326-2016 NR 48 TC 22 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 88 IS 1 BP 11 EP 22 DI 10.1016/S0167-8809(01)00158-X PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 503BZ UT WOS:000172778400002 ER PT S AU Petrie, GM Heasler, PG Perry, EM Thompson, SE Daly, DS AF Petrie, GM Heasler, PG Perry, EM Thompson, SE Daly, DS BE Javidi, B Psaltis, D TI Inverse kriging to enhance spatial resolution of imagery SO ALGORITHMS AND SYSTEMS FOR OPTICAL INFORMATION PROCESSING VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Systems for Optical Information Processing VI CY JUL 09-10, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington Ctr Nanotechnol, Washington Technol Ctr DE image sharpening; image interpolation; image fusion AB We describe a unique approach to image resolution enhancement, inverse kriging (IK), which takes advantage of the spatial relationship between high- and low-resolution images within an area of overlap. Once established, this mathematical relationship then can be applied across the entire low-resolution image to significantly sharpen the image. The mathematical relationship uses the spatial correlations within the low-resolution image and between the low and high spatial-resolution imagery. Two of the most important requirements of the technique are that the images be coregistered well within the resolution of the larger pixels and that the spatial structure of the training area (where the spatial correlation statistics are computed) is similar to the structure of the remaining image area where it will be applied. Testing was performed using same-sensor and multi-sensor imagery. We show results that indicate that the method does improve the low spatial-resolution imagery. The selection of a training area spatial structure similar to the area being processed is important, as areas with different spatial structure (e.g., vegetation versus buildings and roads) will produce poor results. Comparisons with bilinear interpolation demonstrate that IK could be used as an improved interpolation tool, for example, in the image-registration process. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Petrie, GM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN K9-55, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4556-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4789 BP 55 EP 63 DI 10.1117/12.454822 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV78F UT WOS:000179997600007 ER PT S AU Theiler, J Galbraith, A Pope, P Ramsey, K Szymanski, J AF Theiler, J Galbraith, A Pope, P Ramsey, K Szymanski, J BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Automated coregistration of MTI spectral bands SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery VIII CY APR 01-04, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE MTI; multispectral; imagery; coregistration ID CROSS-CORRELATION; ALGORITHMS; SCIENCE AB In the focal plane of a pushbroom imager, a linear array of pixels is scanned across the scene, building up the image one row at a time. For the Multispectral Thermal Imager (MTI), each of fifteen different spectral bands has its own linear array. These arrays are pushed across the scene together, but since each band's array is at a different position on the focal plane, a separate image is produced for each band. The standard MTI data products (LEVEL1B-R-COREG and LEVEL1B_R_GEO) resample these separate images to a common grid and produce coregistered multispectral image cubes. The coregistration software employs a direct "dead reckoning" approach. Every pixel in the calibrated image is mapped to an absolute position on the surface of the earth, and these are resampled to produce an undistorted. coregistered image of the scene. To do this requires extensive information regarding the satellite position and pointing as a function of time, the precise configuration of the focal plane, and the distortion due to the optics. These must be combined with knowledge about the position and altitude of the target on the rotating ellipsoidal earth. We will discuss the direct approach to MTI coregistration, as well as more recent attempts to "tweak" the precision of the band-to-band registration using correlations in the imagery itself. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Theiler, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4475-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4725 BP 314 EP 327 DI 10.1117/12.478763 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BV33B UT WOS:000178612100031 ER PT S AU Szymanski, JJ Brumby, SP Pope, P Eads, D Esch-Mosher, D Galassi, M Harvey, NR McCulloch, HDW Perkins, SJ Porter, R Theiler, J Young, AC Bloch, JJ David, N AF Szymanski, JJ Brumby, SP Pope, P Eads, D Esch-Mosher, D Galassi, M Harvey, NR McCulloch, HDW Perkins, SJ Porter, R Theiler, J Young, AC Bloch, JJ David, N BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Feature extraction from multiple data sources using genetic programming SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery VIII CY APR 01-04, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE multispectral analysis; image processing; evolutionary computation; feature extraction ID MULTISPECTRAL THERMAL IMAGER; CLASSIFICATION; ALGORITHMS AB Feature extraction from imagery is an important and long-standing problem in remote sensing. In this paper, we report on work using genetic programming to perform feature extraction simultaneously from multispectral and digital elevation model (DEM) data. We use the GENetic Imagery Exploitation (GENIE) software for this purpose, which produces image-processing software that inherently combines spatial and spectral processing. GENIE is particularly useful in exploratory studies of imagery, such as one often does in combining data from multiple sources. The user trains the software by painting the feature of interest with a simple graphical user interface. GENIE then uses genetic programming techniques to produce an image-processing pipeline. Here, we demonstrate evolution of image processing algorithms that extract a range of land cover features including towns, wildfire burnscars, and forest. We use imagery from the DOE/NNSA Multispectral Thermal Imager (MTI) spacecraft, fused with USGS 1:24000 scale DEM data. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Szymanski, JJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop D436, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4475-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4725 BP 338 EP 345 DI 10.1117/12.478765 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BV33B UT WOS:000178612100033 ER PT S AU Harvey, NR Theiler, J Balick, L Pope, P Szymanski, JJ Perkins, SJ Porter, RB Brumby, SP Bloch, JJ David, NA Galassi, M AF Harvey, NR Theiler, J Balick, L Pope, P Szymanski, JJ Perkins, SJ Porter, RB Brumby, SP Bloch, JJ David, NA Galassi, M BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Automated simultaneous multiple feature classification of MTI data SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery VIII CY APR 01-04, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE supervised classification; multiple features; evolutionary computation; lava flow classification AB Los Alamos National Laboratory has developed and demonstrated a highly capable system, GENIE, for the two-class problem of detecting a single feature against a background of non-feature. In addition to the two-class case, however, a commonly encountered remote sensing task is the segmentation of multispectral image data into a larger number of distinct feature classes or land cover types. To this end we have extended our existing system to allow the simultaneous classification of multiple features/classes from multispectral data. The technique builds on previous work and its core continues to utilize a hybrid evolutionary-algorithm-based system capable of searching for image processing pipelines optimized for specific image feature extraction tasks. We describe the improvements made to the GENIE software to allow multiple-feature classification and describe the application of this system to the automatic simultaneous classification of multiple features from MTI image data. We show the application of the multiple-feature classification technique to the problem of classifying lava flows on Mauna Loa volcano, Hawaii, using MTI image data and compare the classification results with standard supervised multiple-feature classification techniques. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Harvey, NR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4475-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4725 BP 346 EP 356 DI 10.1117/12.478767 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BV33B UT WOS:000178612100034 ER PT S AU Davis, AB AF Davis, AB BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Cloud remote sensing with sideways-looks: Theory and first results using Multispectral Thermal Imager data SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery VIII CY APR 01-04, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE cloud remote sensing; three-dimensional radiative transfer; photon diffusion; surface remote sensing; cloud adjacency effects; advanced atmospheric correction schemes; Multispectral Thermal Imager; Earth radiation budget ID MULTIMODE RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; FINITE OPTICAL MEDIA AB In operational remote sensing, the implicit model for cloud geometry is a homogeneous plane-parallel slab of infinite horizontal extent. Each pixel is indeed processed as if it exchanged no radiant energy whatsoever with its neighbors. The shortcomings of this conceptual model have been well documented in the specialized literature but rarely mitigated. The worst-case scenario is probably high-resolution imagery where dense isolated clouds are visible, often both bright (reflective) and dark (transmissive) sides being apparent from the same satellite viewing angle: the low transmitted radiance could conceivably be interpreted in plane-parallel theory as no cloud at all. An alternative to the plane-parallel cloud model is introduced here that has the same appeal of being analytically tractable, at least in the diffusion limit: the spherical cloud. This new geometrical paradigm is applied to radiances from cumulus clouds captured by DOE's Multispectral Thermal Imager (MTI). Estimates of isolated cloud opacities are a necessary first step in correcting radiances from surface targets that are visible in the midst of a broken-cloud field. This type of advanced atmospheric correction is badly needed in remote sensing applications such as nonproliferation detection were waiting for a cloud-free look in the indefinite future is not a viable option. C1 LANL, NIS 2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Davis, AB (reprint author), LANL, NIS 2, POB 1663,Mail Stop C-323, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4475-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4725 BP 397 EP 405 DI 10.1117/12.478772 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BV33B UT WOS:000178612100039 ER PT S AU Barrett, C Bisset, K Jacob, R Konjevod, G Marathe, M AF Barrett, C Bisset, K Jacob, R Konjevod, G Marathe, M BE Mohring, R Raman, R TI Classical and contemporary shortest path problems in road networks: Implementation and experimental analysis of the TRANSIMS router SO ALGORITHMS-ESA 2002, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2002) CY SEP 17-21, 2002 CL UNIV ROME, ROME, ITALY SP European Assoc Theoret Comp Sci HO UNIV ROME ID ALGORITHMS AB We describe and analyze empirically an implementation of some generalizations of Dijkstra's algorithm for shortest paths in graphs. The implementation formed a part of the TRANSIMS project at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Besides offering the first implementation of the shortest path algorithm with regular language constraints, our code also solves problems with time-dependent edge delays in a quite general first-in-first-out model. We describe some details of our implementation and then analyze the behavior of the algorithm on real but extremely large transportation networks. Even though the questions we consider in our experiments are fundamental and natural, it appears that they have not been carefully examined before. A methodological contribution of the present work is the use of formal statistical methods to analyze the behaviour of our algorithms. Although the statistical methods employed are simple, they provide a possibly novel approach to the experimental analysis of algorithms. Our results provide evidence for our claims of efficiency of the algorithms described in a very practical setting. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Aarhus, Dept Comp Sci, BRICS, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Arizona State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Barrett, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS M997, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-44180-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2461 BP 126 EP 138 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BW29L UT WOS:000181470400011 ER PT S AU Doerry, AW Dickey, FM Romero, LA DeLaurentis, JM AF Doerry, AW Dickey, FM Romero, LA DeLaurentis, JM BE Zelnio, EG TI Difficulties in superresolving synthetic aperture radar images SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery IX CY APR 01-02, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE Synthetic Aperture Radar; SAR; remote sensing; imaging; resolution; superresolution; enhancement ID FREEDOM AB The ability to resolve Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images to finer resolutions than the system bandwidths classically allow is a tantalizing prospect. Seemingly superresolution offers "something for nothing", or at least "something better than the system was designed for" if only we process 'enough' or 'right'. Over the years this has proved to be a rather popular area of investigation, generating a wide variety of algorithms and corresponding claims of performance. Nevertheless, the literature on the fundamental underlying principles of superresolution as applied to SAR has been rather anemic. This paper addresses the following questions: "What exactly is superresolution?" and "What is not really superresolution, but perhaps more aptly described as image enhancement?" "Is true superresolution possible?" and "to what degree?" "What constrains superresolution?" and very importantly, "How should we objectively test whether an image is in fact superresolved?" Whereas superresolution concepts offer the potential of resolution beyond the classical limit, this great promise has not generally been realized. That is not to say that many reported algorithms have no useful effect on images. True superresolution is defined herein as the 'recovery' of true scene spectrum, that allows more accurate scene rendering. The analytical basis for superresolution theory is outlined, and the application to SAR is then investigated as an operator inversion problem, which is generally 'ill posed. Noise inherent in radar data tends to severely inhibit significant enhancement of image resolution. A criterion for judging superresolution processing of an image is presented. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP POB 5800,MS 0529, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM awdoerr@sandia.gov; findicke@sandia.gov; lromero@sandia.gov; jmdelau@sandia.gov NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4477-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2002 VL 4727 BP 122 EP 133 DI 10.1117/12.478672 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV29N UT WOS:000178477100012 ER PT S AU Grate, LR Bhattacharyya, C Jordan, MI Mian, IS AF Grate, LR Bhattacharyya, C Jordan, MI Mian, IS BE Guigo, R Gusfield, D TI Simultaneous relevant feature identification and classification in high-dimensional spaces SO ALGORITHMS IN BIOINFORMATICS, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International workshop on Algorithms in Bioinformatics CY SEP 17-21, 2002 CL ROME, ITALY ID GENE-EXPRESSION SIGNATURES; MOLECULAR CLASSIFICATION; BREAST-CANCER; ADENOCARCINOMA; CARCINOMAS; PREDICTION; SUBCLASSES; PATTERNS; PROFILES; LUNG AB Molecular profiling technologies monitor thousands of transcripts, proteins, metabolites or other species concurrently in biological samples of interest. Given two-class, high-dimensional profiling data, nominal LIKNON [4] is a specific implementation of a methodology for performing simultaneous relevant feature identification and classification. It exploits the well-known property that minimizing an l(1) norm (via linear programming) yields a sparse hyperplane [15,26,2,8,17]. This work (i) examines computational, software and practical issues required to realize nominal LIKNON, (ii) summarizes results from its application to five real world data sets, (iii) outlines heuristic solutions to problems posed by domain experts when interpreting the results and (iv) defines some future directions of the research. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept EECS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Stat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Grate, LR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-44211-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2452 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Genetics & Heredity; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Genetics & Heredity; Mathematics GA BY02F UT WOS:000187294100001 ER PT S AU Chen, ZZ Jiang, T Lin, GH Wen, JJ Xu, D Xu, Y AF Chen, ZZ Jiang, T Lin, GH Wen, JJ Xu, D Xu, Y BE Guigo, R Gusfield, D TI Improved approximation algorithms for NMR spectral peak assignment SO ALGORITHMS IN BIOINFORMATICS, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International workshop on Algorithms in Bioinformatics CY SEP 17-21, 2002 CL ROME, ITALY ID AUTOMATED ASSIGNMENT; RESONANCE ASSIGNMENT AB We study a constrained bipartite matching problem where the input is a weighted bipartite graph G = (U, V, E), U is a set of vertices following a sequential order, V is another set of vertices partitioned into a collection of disjoint subsets, each following a sequential order, and E is a set of edges between U and V with non-negative weights. The objective is to find a matching in G with the maximum weight that satisfies the given sequential orders on both U and V, i.e., if u(i+1) follows u(i) in U and if v(j+1) follows v(j) in V, then ui is matched with vj if and only if u(i+1) is matched with v(j+1). The problem has recently been formulated as a crucial step in an algorithmic approach for interpreting NMR spectral data [15]. The interpretation of NMR spectral data is known as a key problem in protein structure determination via NMR spectroscopy. Unfortunately, the constrained bipartite matching problem is NP-hard [15]. We first propose a 2-approximation algorithm for the problem, which follows directly from the recent result of Bar-Noy et al. [2] on interval scheduling. However, our extensive experimental results on real NMR spectral data illustrate that the algorithm performs poorly in terms of recovering the target-matching (i.e. correct) edges. We then propose another approximation algorithm that tries to take advantage of the "density" of the sequential order information in V. Although we are only able to prove an approximation ratio of 3 log, D for this algorithm, where D is the length of a longest string in V, the experimental results demonstrate that this new algorithm performs much better on real data, i.e. it is able to recover a large fraction of the target-matching edges and the weight of its output matching is often in fact close to the maximum. We also prove that the problem is MAX SNP-hard, even if the input bipartite graph is unweighted. We further present an approximation algorithm for a nontrivial special case that breaks the ratio 2 barrier. C1 Tokyo Denki Univ, Dept Math Sci, Hatoyama, Saitama 3500394, Japan. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Comp Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Computat Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E8, Canada. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Prot Informat Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chen, ZZ (reprint author), Tokyo Denki Univ, Dept Math Sci, Hatoyama, Saitama 3500394, Japan. EM chen@r.dendai.ac.jp; jiang@cs.ucr.edu; ghlin@cs.ualberta.ca; wjianju@cs.ucr.edu; xud@ornl.gov; xyn@ornl.gov NR 15 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-44211-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2452 BP 82 EP 96 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Genetics & Heredity; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Genetics & Heredity; Mathematics GA BY02F UT WOS:000187294100007 ER PT S AU Geohegan, DB Puretzky, AA Schittenhelm, H Fan, XD Britt, PF Guillorn, MA Simpson, ML Merkulov, VI Austin, DW Pennycook, SJ Joy, DC AF Geohegan, DB Puretzky, AA Schittenhelm, H Fan, XD Britt, PF Guillorn, MA Simpson, ML Merkulov, VI Austin, DW Pennycook, SJ Joy, DC BE Dumitras, DC Dinescu, M Konov, VI TI Laser-synthesis of single-wall carbon nanotubes with time-resolved in situ diagnostics SO ALT'01 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED LASER TECHNOLOGIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Advanced Laser Technologies (ALT 01) CY SEP 11-14, 2001 CL CONSTANTA, ROMANIA SP Minist Educ & Res, Natl Inst Laser, Plasma & Radiat Phys, Gen Phys Inst, SPIE Romania Chapter, Ovidius Univ Constanta, SPIE, SPIE Russian Chapter, Russian Minist Ind, Sci & Technol, Russian Fdn Basic Res, EOARD DE laser vaporization; single-wall carbon nanotubes; diagnostics; laser synthesis; nanomaterials ID VAPORIZATION; ABLATION; DYNAMICS; CHEMISTRY; GROWTH; ROPES AB Laser vaporization (LV) is a remarkably versatile technique for the catalytically-aided synthesis of nanomaterials, such as single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT). SWNT show remarkable promise for future generations of electronics and structural materials, however their application and commercialization has been hampered by a lack of control over the synthesis process, and low production quantities. Time-resolved in situ spectroscopic investigations of the laser-vaporization SWNT-synthesis process are described which are yielding some of the first direct determinations of carbon nanotube growth mechanisms and rates necessary to evaluate strategies for controllable synthesis and large-scale production. Our measurements indicate that SWNT grow over extended annealing times during the LV process by the conversion of condensed phase nanoparticulate feedstock. These measurements were extended to grow carbon nanotubes by CO2-laser-annealing heat treatments of carbon and metal nanoparticle mixtures, offering an alternative synthesis approach to vapor-phase methods. These results present opportunities for scaled-up production of nanomaterials compatible with commercial high-power laser technology. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Geohegan, DB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011; Puretzky, Alexander/B-5567-2016; Geohegan, David/D-3599-2013 OI Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457; Puretzky, Alexander/0000-0002-9996-4429; Geohegan, David/0000-0003-0273-3139 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4528-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4762 BP 268 EP 277 DI 10.1117/12.478646 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV33D UT WOS:000178612300035 ER PT S AU Popov, VA Aksenov, AA Ivanov, VV Lesuer, DR Gulbin, VN Kobelev, AG Solonin, AN Paranin, SN Khodos, II Smirnov, OM Zayats, SV AF Popov, VA Aksenov, AA Ivanov, VV Lesuer, DR Gulbin, VN Kobelev, AG Solonin, AN Paranin, SN Khodos, II Smirnov, OM Zayats, SV BE Gregson, PJ Harris, SJ TI MMC production method using dynamic consolidation of mechanically alloyed aluminum and silicon carbide powders SO ALUMINUM ALLOYS 2002: THEIR PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES PTS 1-3 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys CY JUL 02-05, 2002 CL CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SP Alcon Int, Alcoa Europe, Hydro Aluminium, Univ Cambridge, Qinetiq, Univ Southampton, Univ Nottingham DE Metal Matrix Composite (MMC); aluminum; silicon carbide; particulate; mechanical alloying; dynamic compaction AB The paper deals with investigation of the process of manufacturing MMC by dynamic consolidation of mechanically alloyed particulate aluminum and silicon carbide. Mechanical alloying was carrying out in high-energy planetary mills. Dynamic consolidation was made by two methods i.e. magnetic-pulse pressurizing and explosion treating. Structure has been investigated by optical, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The investigations have been shown that dynamic consolidation of initially mechanically alloyed particulate aluminum and silicon carbide enables to obtain high-quality material without pores, cavities and other defects. C1 Moscow State Inst Steel & Alloys MISA, Moscow 119991, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Electrophys, Ural Branch, Ekaterinburg, Russia. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NIKIMT, State Enterprise Sci Res & Design Inst Assembly T, Moscow, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Microelect Technol & High Pur Mat, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia. RP Popov, VA (reprint author), Moscow State Inst Steel & Alloys MISA, MISA-110,Leninsky Prospect 4, Moscow 119991, Russia. RI Ivanov, Victor/I-3517-2014; Zayats, Sergey/I-4266-2014; Solonin, Alexey/H-9930-2014 OI Solonin, Alexey/0000-0002-6520-7964 NR 7 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2002 VL 396-4 BP 289 EP 294 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BU80A UT WOS:000177030500047 ER PT S AU Kovarik, L Gouma, PI Kisielowski, C Court, SA Mills, MJ AF Kovarik, L Gouma, PI Kisielowski, C Court, SA Mills, MJ BE Gregson, PJ Harris, SJ TI High resolution transmission electron microscopy study of the early stages of aging in Al-Mg-Cu alloys SO ALUMINUM ALLOYS 2002: THEIR PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES PTS 1-3 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys CY JUL 02-05, 2002 CL CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SP Alcon Int, Alcoa Europe, Hydro Aluminium, Univ Cambridge, Qinetiq, Univ Southampton, Univ Nottingham DE Al-Mg-Cu alloys; age hardening; GPB zones; HRTEM; image reconstruction ID RECONSTRUCTION AB Al-Mg-Cu alloys are known to rapidly harden after a short period of artificial aging. The cause of the hardening is still disputed in the literature. This work addresses the rapid hardening issue by High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) studies coupled with image processing and image simulation. HRTEM observations made on an Al-3Mg-0.4Cu alloy reveal the presence of ordered zones after 1 hour aging at 180 C with the additional appearance of the S" phase formation after 4 hours aging. These findings suggest that it is the presence of these ordered zones of Mg atoms in the aluminum matrix which leads to the initial stage of hardening in this and similar alloys with small Cu:Mg ratio. C1 Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Alcan Int Ltd, Banbury Lab, Banbury OX16 7SP, Oxon, England. RP Kovarik, L (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, 2041 Coll Rd, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2002 VL 396-4 BP 845 EP 850 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BU80A UT WOS:000177030500136 ER PT S AU Radmilovic, V Dahmen, U Dracup, B Miller, MK Mitlin, D Morris, JW AF Radmilovic, V Dahmen, U Dracup, B Miller, MK Mitlin, D Morris, JW BE Gregson, PJ Harris, SJ TI Clustering and precipitation in Al-Si-Ge and Al-Si-Ge-Cu alloys SO ALUMINUM ALLOYS 2002: THEIR PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES PTS 1-3 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys CY JUL 02-05, 2002 CL CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SP Alcon Int, Alcoa Europe, Hydro Aluminium, Univ Cambridge, Qinetiq, Univ Southampton, Univ Nottingham DE Al-Cu-Si-Ge alloys; SiGe; precipitation; clustering; CALPHAD calculation AB Atom probe tomography and high resolution electron microscopy revealed that in the very early stage of aging Al-Si-Ge alloys, clustering of Si and Ge atoms takes place followed by precipitation at structural defects. Electron microscopy observations demonstrated that precipitates are multiply twinned throughout the aging treatment. Any twinned section of the precipitate no longer maintains low-index interfaces with the matrix, and consequently goes from a crystallographic to a spherical interface with the matrix. This explains the equiaxed shape of the Si-Ge precipitates. CALPHAD calculation predicted and X-ray microanalysis confirmed a decreasing concentration of Ge within the equilibrium precipitate as the aging temperature was increased. In the quaternary AlSi-Ge-Cu alloy, Si-Ge particles quickly nucleate and grow during elevated temperature aging (the y are detected after as little as 30 min. at 190degreesC). The Si-Ge particles then act as nucleation sites for theta' precipitates, resulting in a peak aged microstructure consisting of a dense distribution of theta ' attached to Si-Ge. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Mineral Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Radmilovic, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, MS-72, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Mitlin , David /M-5328-2016 OI Mitlin , David /0000-0002-7556-3575 NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2002 VL 396-4 BP 905 EP 910 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BU80A UT WOS:000177030500146 ER PT S AU Kovarik, L Gouma, PI Kisielowski, C Court, SA Mills, MJ AF Kovarik, L Gouma, PI Kisielowski, C Court, SA Mills, MJ BE Gregson, PJ Harris, SJ TI High resolution transmission electron microscopy study of the early stages of aging in Al-Mg-Cu alloys SO ALUMINUM ALLOYS 2002: THEIR PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES PTS 1-3 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys CY JUL 02-05, 2002 CL CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SP Alcon Int, Alcoa Europe, Hydro Aluminium, Univ Cambridge, Qinetiq, Univ Southampton, Univ Nottingham DE Al-Mg-Cu alloys; age hardening; GPB zones; HRTEM; image reconstruction ID RECONSTRUCTION AB Al-Mg-Cu alloys are known to rapidly harden after a short period of artificial aging. The cause of the hardening is still disputed in the literature. This work addresses the rapid hardening issue by High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) studies coupled with image processing and image simulation. HRTEM observations made on an Al-3Mg-0.4Cu alloy reveal the presence of ordered zones after 1 hour aging at 180degreesC with the additional appearance of the S" phase formation after 4 hours aging. These findings suggest that it is the presence of these ordered zones of Mg atoms in the aluminum matrix which leads to the initial stage of hardening in this and similar alloys with small Cu:Mg ratio. C1 Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Alcan Int Ltd, Banbury Ltd, Banbury OX16 2SP, Oxon, England. RP Kovarik, L (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, 2041 Coll Rd, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2002 VL 396-4 BP 1043 EP 1048 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BU80A UT WOS:000177030500169 ER PT J AU Schilling, CH Garcia, V Li, CP Jankowiak, R AF Schilling, CH Garcia, V Li, CP Jankowiak, R TI Luminescence imaging of surface cracks and surface-density gradients in alumina SO AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7812 J9 AM CERAM SOC BULL JI Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 81 IS 1 BP 25 EP 30 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 544WE UT WOS:000175184000001 ER PT J AU DeGusta, D Fourcade, HM Boore, JL AF DeGusta, D Fourcade, HM Boore, JL TI Primate phylogeny based on complete mitochondrial genome sequences. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lab Human Evolutionary Studies, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0002-9483 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PY 2002 SU 34 BP 61 EP 61 PG 1 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 534VG UT WOS:000174609700110 ER PT J AU Potter, A White, PS AF Potter, A White, PS TI Mitochondrial DNA analysis of a small sample of prehistoric and protohistoric human skeletal material from northern Baja: Is there genetic continuity? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Oregon, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dept Anthropol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0002-9483 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PY 2002 SU 34 BP 126 EP 127 PG 2 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 534VG UT WOS:000174609700387 ER PT B AU Forslund, DW George, JE AF Forslund, DW George, JE BE Kohane, IS TI A service-based approach to integrating epidemiological information in public health departments SO AMIA 2002 SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS: BIOMEDICAL INFORMATICS: ONE DISCIPLINE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Symposium of the American-Medical-Informatics-Association CY NOV 09, 2002 CL San Antonio, TX SP Amer Med Informat Assoc AB One of the major problems facing Departments of Health throughout the nation is integrating the information that is being acquired from a variety of sources in order to detect disease outbreak at a very early stage. This requires a major change in the way information infrastructure is being used in this healthcare area. The National Electronic Disease Surveillance System (NEDSS)(1) is an architecture designed to tackle this problem. We describe in this paper a technical approach that supports and expands on the NEDSS architecture in order to provide a better integration of information between healthcare providers and epidemiologists. This approach takes on special importance with the events that occurred in the last few months of 2001. As an example of this approach, we will describe the application of this technology and strategy in the Bio-Surveillance, Analysis, Feedback, Evaluation, and Response project based on the distributed, secure, OpenEMed infrastructure. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Forslund, DW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC MED PUBLISHERS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA BN 1-56053-600-4 PY 2002 BP 1020 EP 1020 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Medical Informatics GA BY60A UT WOS:000189418100254 ER PT S AU Wang, Q Perkins, J Moutinho, H To, B Branz, HM AF Wang, Q Perkins, J Moutinho, H To, B Branz, HM BE Cohen, JD Abelson, JR Matsumura, H Robertson, J TI Amorphous to microcrystalline transition in thickness-graded hot-wire CVD silicon films SO AMORPHOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS SILICON-BASED FILMS-2002 SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Heterogeneous Silicon-Based Films held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 02-05, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB We study the amorphous to microcrystalline silicon phase transition in hot-wire chemical vapor deposition thin-film silicon by depositing a series of unique, thickness-graded, samples on a glass substrate at 200degreesC. By inserting or withdrawing a motor-driven shutter during growth, we make samples that vary from 200 to about 2000 A thick across each 5-cm along stripe. Each stripe is grown at a different dilution ratio of hydrogen to silane in the source gas. The phase composition at various locations was determined by Raman and ultraviolet-reflectivity measurements. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of topology reveal that the surface changes from a rather smooth a-Si phase to more granular microcrystalline-Si (rms roughness increases from 10 to 47 Angstrom). C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Elect Mat & Device Div, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Elect Mat & Device Div, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-651-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 715 BP 141 EP 146 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BV49L UT WOS:000179162400019 ER PT S AU Levi, DH Nelson, BP Perkins, JD AF Levi, DH Nelson, BP Perkins, JD BE Cohen, JD Abelson, JR Matsumura, H Robertson, J TI Mapping the phase-change parameter space of hot-wire CVD Si : H films using in-situ real time spectroscopic ellipsometry SO AMORPHOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS SILICON-BASED FILMS-2002 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Heterogeneous Silicon-Based Films held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 02-05, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB In-situ real-time spectroscopic ellipsometry (RTSE) provides detailed information on the evolution of the structural and optical properties of Si:H films during film growth. We have used in-situ RTSE to characterize the film morphology and crystallinity of hot-wire CVD (HWCVD) Si:H films as a function of hydrogen dilution R=[H]/[H+SiH4], substrate temperature T-s and film thickness d(b). Transitions from one mode of film growth to another are indicated by abrupt changes in the magnitude of the surface roughness during film growth. The degree of crystallinity of the film can be determined from the bulk dielectric function. We have studied the growth parameter space consisting of R from 0 to 12, T-s from 150degreesC to 550degreesC, and db from 0 to 1 um. For each set of R and T-s values, the structural evolution of the film can be characterized by the shape of the surface roughness thickness d(s) versus bulk thickness db curve. In contrast to studies done by Collins et al on PECVD growth of Si:H films, our studies of HWCVD growth find no conditions where d(s) remains constant after coalescence of the initial nucleation centers. Most of the films grown within the range of parameters studied exhibit a secondary nucleation and coalescence signature. The transition between a-Si:H and uc-Si:H growth is near the R=3 to R=4 dividing line. Initial coalescence of purely uc-Si:H material doesn't occur until R>8. We have verified the RTSE crystallinity classification using ex-situ Raman scattering. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Levi, DH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-651-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 715 BP 153 EP 158 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BV49L UT WOS:000179162400021 ER PT S AU Nelson, BP Levi, DH AF Nelson, BP Levi, DH BE Cohen, JD Abelson, JR Matsumura, H Robertson, J TI Real time spectroscopic ellipsometry of amorphous silicon grown at high deposition rates by hot-wire CVD SO AMORPHOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS SILICON-BASED FILMS-2002 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Heterogeneous Silicon-Based Films held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 02-05, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID KINETICS; HYDROGEN AB We use real-time spectroscopic ellipsometry (RTSE) for in-situ characterization of the optical properties and surface roughness (R-s) of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) grown by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) with varying deposition rates (5 to 120 Angstrom/s). Early time evolution of the R-s during growth is remarkably similar for all deposition rates. During the first few As of growth, there is a sharp increase in R-s as the a-Si:H nucleates in separate islands. This is followed by a reduction of R-s as these areas coalesce into a bulk film, which occurs at an average thickness of 100 A. After coalescence the R-s rises to a stable value that is dependent upon growth conditions with a general tendency for the R-s to increase with growth rate. However, neither the R-s nor the material electronic properties are unique for a given deposition rate. Films grown under high silane flow and low pressure have a better photo-response and a lower R-s than films grown at the same deposition rate but with low silane flow and high pressure. We observe a stronger correlation of film properties with R-s than with deposition rate; namely a monotonic decrease in photo-response, and increase in optical gap, with increasing R-s. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Nelson, BP (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-651-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 715 BP 159 EP 164 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BV49L UT WOS:000179162400022 ER PT S AU Branz, HM Xu, YQ Heck, S Wang, Q Gao, W Crandall, RS Nelson, BP AF Branz, HM Xu, YQ Heck, S Wang, Q Gao, W Crandall, RS Nelson, BP BE Cohen, JD Abelson, JR Matsumura, H Robertson, J TI Photoconductivity stability improvement in hydrogenated amorphous silicon by ultraviolet illumination SO AMORPHOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS SILICON-BASED FILMS-2002 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Heterogeneous Silicon-Based Films held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 02-05, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID SOLAR-CELLS; DIFFUSION; MOTION; FILMS; SI AB We observe improved photoconductivity stability against light-soaking in hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin films as a result of an ultraviolet (UV) illumination and etch treatment. UV-etch treated samples begins with red-light photoconductivities inferior to that of a control sample which is only etched. After less than an hour of 1 sun red light-soaking, the photoconductivity of the etched-only control falls below that of the UV-etch treated sample. After 2 to 3 days light soaking, the UV-etch films can have a photosensitivity 20 to 38% above their control. We observe no corresponding improvement of defect optical absorption by constant photocurrent method spectroscopy. The UV-etch treatment also produces small improvements in the stabilized open-circuit voltage of Schottky barier solar cells. We speculate that mobile hydrogen produced during UV illumination is penetrating the film and improving stability. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Gao, W (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-651-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 715 BP 453 EP 458 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BV49L UT WOS:000179162400064 ER PT S AU Crandall, RS AF Crandall, RS BE Cohen, JD Abelson, JR Matsumura, H Robertson, J TI Charge-trapping metastability in p-type hydrogenated amorphous silicon: Meyer-Neldel rule and entropy change SO AMORPHOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS SILICON-BASED FILMS-2002 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Heterogeneous Silicon-Based Films held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 02-05, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID RELAXATION AB Measurements of capacitance transients due to charge carrier emission from metastable defects in p-type hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) p/n junction structures, show that both holes and electrons can be metastably trapped in the p layer. At 350 K electrons and holes are emitted at the same rate defining the isokinctic temperature (T-iso) for the Meyer-Neldel rule. The enthalpy changes for hole and electron emission are 0.94 and 0.51 eV, respectively. The entropy changes for hole and electron emission are 31 and 16 Boltzmann constant, respectively. Charge emission rates are measured, for the first time, above and below T-iso. Below T-iso electrons are emitted faster than holes and above T-iso the reverse is true. These relative changes in emission rates are a direct consequence of the large entropy changes in the defect reactions. T-iso, within experimental error is the same as the H glass equilibration temperature (360 K) measured by others in p-type a-Si:H, suggesting that the defect reactions measured here are involved in H glass equilibration. Activation and deactivation of B atoms with accompanying charge emission likely govern both processes. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Crandall, RS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-651-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 715 BP 471 EP 476 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BV49L UT WOS:000179162400066 ER PT S AU Wang, Q Iwaniczko, E AF Wang, Q Iwaniczko, E BE Cohen, JD Abelson, JR Matsumura, H Robertson, J TI High voltage amorphous silicon solar cells by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition SO AMORPHOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS SILICON-BASED FILMS-2002 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Heterogeneous Silicon-Based Films held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 02-05, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID MICROCRYSTALLINE SILICON; RECOMBINATION; CVD AB We have achieved the best open-circuit voltage (V-oc = 0.94 V) to-date in hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) photovoltaic cells deposited entirely by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition. The fill factor (FF = 0.74) remained high. and a current density of 8-9 mA/cm(2) with about 1800 Angstrom i-layer was obtained in our n-i-p cells on untextured stainless-steel substrates. The V-oc improvement of about 60 mV in compared to our previous best V-oc was obtained by incorporating materials grown with H-dilution close to the phase transition from amorphous to microcrystalline silicon in the i-layer and at the i-p interface. A low substrate temperature of 150 degreesC for the i-layer was also essential, most likely to widen the bandgap of the i-layer. A brief atomic H-treatment after grown the i-layer increases the V-oc further by improving the p-i interface. The last 60 A of the i-layer before p-layer is extremely close to the transition to microcrystallinity, though it remains mainly amorphous. Our p-layers are also close to the phase transition. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Elect Mat & Device Div, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wang, Q (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Elect Mat & Device Div, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-651-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 715 BP 547 EP 552 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BV49L UT WOS:000179162400078 ER PT S AU Schropp, REI Xu, Y Iwaniczko, E Zaharias, GA Mahan, AH AF Schropp, REI Xu, Y Iwaniczko, E Zaharias, GA Mahan, AH BE Cohen, JD Abelson, JR Matsumura, H Robertson, J TI Microcrystalline silicon for solar cells at high deposition rates by hot wire CVD SO AMORPHOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS SILICON-BASED FILMS-2002 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Heterogeneous Silicon-Based Films held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 02-05, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID A-SI-H; LOW-TEMPERATURE; FILMS AB We have explored which deposition parameters in Hot Wire CVD have the largest impact on the quality of microcrystalline silicon (muc-Si) made at deposition rates (R-d) > 10 Angstrom/s for use in thin film solar cells. Among all parameters, the filament temperature (T-fil) appears to be crucial for making device quality films. Using two filaments and a filament-substrate spacing of 3.2 cm, muc-Si films, using seed layers, can be deposited at high T-fil (similar to2000degreesC) with a crystalline volume fraction > 70-80 % at R-d's > 30 Angstrom/s. Although the photoresponse of these layers is high (> 100), they appear not to be suitable for incorporation into solar cells, due to their porous nature. n-i-p cells fabricated on stainless steel with these i-layers suffer from large resistive effects or barriers, most likely due to the oxidation of interconnected pores in the silicon layer. The porosity is evident from FTIR measurements showing a large oxygen concentration at similar to1050 cm(-1), and is correlated with the 2100 cm(-1) signature of most of the Si-H stretching bonds. Using a T-fil of 1750degreesC, however, the films are more compact, as seen from the absence of the 2100 cm(-1) SiH mode and the disappearance of the FTIR Si-O signal, while the high crystalline volume fraction (> 70-80 %) is maintained. Using this T-fil and a substrate temperature of 400degreesC, we obtain an efficiency of 4.9 % for cells with a Ag/ZnO back reflector, with an i-layer thickness of only similar to0.7 pm. High values for the quantum efficiency extend to very long wavelengths, with values of 33 % at 800 nm and 15 % at 900 nm, which are unequalled by a-SiGe:H alloys. Further, by varying the substrate temperature to enable deposition near the microcrystalline to amorphous transition ('edge') and incorporating variations in H-2 dilution during deposition of the bulk, efficiencies of 6.0 % have been obtained. The Rd's of these i-layers are 8-10 Angstrom/s, and are the highest to date obtained with HWCVD for microcrystalline layers used in cells with efficiencies of similar to6 %. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Schropp, REI (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Schropp, Ruud/I-7374-2012 OI Schropp, Ruud/0000-0003-4175-2658 NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-651-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 715 BP 623 EP 628 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BV49L UT WOS:000179162400090 ER PT S AU Schmidt, D Shi, F Pianetta, P AF Schmidt, D Shi, F Pianetta, P BE Cohen, JD Abelson, JR Matsumura, H Robertson, J TI A study of fabrication and characterization of ultra-small polycrystalline silicon islands for advanced display and microsensor applications SO AMORPHOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS SILICON-BASED FILMS-2002 SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Heterogeneous Silicon-Based Films held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 02-05, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID GROWTH AB Polycrystalline silicon (polysilicon) is a key component of integrated circuit technology, micromechanical systems and displays. High-mobility polysilicon thin-film transistors are replacing amorphous-silicon transistors in advanced active-matrix displays, and are also vital to the emerging fields of microsensors and microactuators [1]. In this study, the deposition processes (LPCVD) of polysilicon thin films were carefully studied and the basic kinetics were analyzed. The films were patterned into submicron islands and the relation of the deposition temperature versus the crystallinity of polysilicon islands was observed. A "threshold" deposition temperature for polysilicon crystals larger than 0.35 mum was found. The relationships of polysilicon crystal sizes vs. annealing temperature and vs. annealing duration were also systematically studied. Polysilicon islands of similar to0.1 mum lateral dimensions were successfully fabricated by ebeam lithography and several types of annealings were performed to increase micro-crystal size, with the goal of creating single-crystal high-mobility islands. Theoretically, transistors built from such islands should match the performance of state-of-the-art bulk CMOS devices. The crystal size was measured using TEM and AFM analysis. Moreover, EXAFS (Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure) measurements at SSRL (Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lab) were employed to study the crystallization processes of polysilicon films and the correlation between the absorption curves, the thin-film electrical properties and the polysilicon grain sizes. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-651-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 715 BP 707 EP 712 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BV49L UT WOS:000179162400102 ER PT S AU Hu, H Branz, HM Crandall, RS Ward, S Wang, Q AF Hu, H Branz, HM Crandall, RS Ward, S Wang, Q BE Cohen, JD Abelson, JR Matsumura, H Robertson, J TI Switching behavior in p-type hydrogenated amorphous silicon with one and two blocking contacts SO AMORPHOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS SILICON-BASED FILMS-2002 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Heterogeneous Silicon-Based Films held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 02-05, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID DEVICES AB We compare switching behaviour in Cr/a-Si:H(p)/Ag and c-Si(p)/a-Si:H(p)/Ag structures containing p-type hydrogenated amorphous silicon. The a-Si:H layer is made by hot wire chemical vapor deposition. We observed that the switching is polarity-dependent only in the sample on c-Si(p). Switching to a low-resistance state occurs at 0.4 mA/cm(2) when any of the metal contacts are biased positive. When the c-Si(p) is biased positive holes are injected and no switching occurs even up to 4 A/cm(2). We suggest that the switching requires a blocking metal/a-Si(p), possibly because local electrical breakdown initiates metal filament formation. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Hu, H (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-651-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 715 BP 763 EP 768 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BV49L UT WOS:000179162400110 ER PT J AU Mori, M Hu, WZ Haddad, PR Fritz, JS Tanaka, K Tsue, H Tanaka, S AF Mori, M Hu, WZ Haddad, PR Fritz, JS Tanaka, K Tsue, H Tanaka, S TI Capillary electrophoresis using high ionic strength background electrolytes containing zwitterionic and non-ionic surfactants and its application to direct determination of bromide and nitrate in seawater SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE bromide; nitrate; seawater; capillary electrophoresis; surfactants ID ZONE-ELECTROPHORESIS; ARTIFICIAL SEAWATER; SALT CONCENTRATIONS; NATURAL-WATERS; INORGANIC-IONS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; BEHAVIOR; MIXTURES; NITRITE; ANIONS AB In capillary electrophoresis, it is commonly considered that even a moderately high ionic concentration in the background electrolyte (BGE) leads to high currents, resulting in Joule heating and serious peak distortion. As a new approach to overcome this problem, zwitterionic (Zwittergent-3-14) and/or non-ionic (Tween 20) surfactants have been added to BGEs containing high salt concentrations (e.g. 0.3 M NaCl) and have been shown to result in acceptable separation currents (<200 μA). In turn, these BGEs could be applied to the separation of samples containing high salt concentrations (such as undiluted seawater) without the occurrence of any significant peak broadening due to electrodispersion of the sample. For example, a BGE comprising 10 mM Zwittergent-3-14, 50 mM Tween 20, 0.3 M NaCl and 5 mM phosphate (ph 7) could be used for the determination of UV-absorbing anions in seawater, giving good peak shapes and detection limits of 0.8 μM and 0.6 μM for nitrate and bromide, respectively. The beneficial effects of the non-ionic surfactant on the separation were attributed largely to suppression of the electro-osmotic flow. On the other hand, the zwitterionic surfactant was found to be capable of the incorporation of some anions in accordance with the behaviour of these same surfactants in electrostatic ion chromatography. This incorporation resulted in a decreased conductivity of the BGE and also a change in the separation selectivity of the system. C1 Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol Sero, Sero 4890884, Japan. Hokkaido Univ, Div Sci Mat, Grad Sch Environm Earth Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. Hokkaido Univ, Dept Chem, Fac Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. Univ Tasmania, Sch Chem, Australian Ctr Res Separat Sci, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Mori, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol Sero, Sero 4890884, Japan. NR 19 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 372 IS 1 BP 181 EP 186 DI 10.1007/s00216-001-1199-1 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 560VV UT WOS:000176102800039 PM 11939192 ER PT J AU Adiga, PSU AF Adiga, PSU TI An integrated system for feature evaluation of 3D images of a tissue specimen SO ANALYTICAL CELLULAR PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE segmentation; watershed; active model; features ID EDGE-DETECTION; SEGMENTATION AB In this article we have proposed an integrated system for measurement of important features from 3D tissue images. We propose a segmentation technique, where we combine several methods to achieve a good degree of automation. Important histological and cytological three-dimensional features and strategies to measure them are described. Figures on http://www.esacp.org/acp/2002/24-2_3/adiga.htm. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Bioimaging Grp, Berkeley, CA 94705 USA. RP Adiga, PSU (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Bioimaging Grp, MS 84-171,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94705 USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8912 J9 ANAL CELL PATHOL JI Anal. Cell. Pathol. PY 2002 VL 24 IS 2-3 BP 47 EP 58 PG 12 WC Oncology; Cell Biology; Pathology SC Oncology; Cell Biology; Pathology GA 607KG UT WOS:000178790300001 ER PT J AU Arena, MP Porter, MD Fritz, JS AF Arena, MP Porter, MD Fritz, JS TI Rapid, specific determination of iodine and iodide by combined solid-phase extraction/diffuse reflectance spectroscopy SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-METALS; PRECONCENTRATION AB A new, rapid methodology for trace analysis using solid-phase extraction is described. The two-step methodology is based on the concentration of an analyte onto a membrane disk and on the determination by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy of the amount of analyte extracted on the disk surface. This method, which is adaptable to a wide range of analytes, has been used for monitoring ppm levels of iodine and iodide in spacecraft water. Iodine is used as a biocide in spacecraft water. For these determinations, a water sample is passed through a membrane disk by means of a 10-mL syringe that is attached to a disk holder assembly. The disk, which is a polystyrene- divinylbenzene composite, is impregnated with poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), which exhaustively concentrates iodine as a yellow iodine-PVP complex. The amount of concentrated iodine is then determined in only 2 s by using a hand-held diffuse reflectance spectrometer by comparing the result with a calibration curve based on the Kubelka-Munk function. The same general procedure can be used to determine iodide levels after its facile and exhaustive oxidation to iodine by peroxymonosulfate (i.e., Oxone reagent). For samples containing both analytes, a two-step procedure can be used in which the iodide concentration is calculated from the difference in iodine levels before and after treatment of the sample with peroxymonosulfate. With this methodology, iodine and iodide levels in the 0.1-5.0 ppm range can be determined with a total workup time of similar to60 s with a RSD of similar to6%. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Microanalyt Instrumentat Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Fritz, JS (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Microanalyt Instrumentat Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 17 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 74 IS 1 BP 185 EP 190 DI 10.1021/ac0109366 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 508KA UT WOS:000173086200033 PM 11795790 ER PT J AU Chinta, S Choudhary, TV Daemen, LL Eckert, J Goodman, DW AF Chinta, S Choudhary, TV Daemen, LL Eckert, J Goodman, DW TI Characterization of C-2 (CxHy) intermediates from adsorption and decomposition of methane on supported metal catalysts by in situ INS vibrational spectroscopy SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE heterogeneous catalysis; methane; nickel; reaction mechanisms; ruthenium; surface analysis ID ELECTRON-ENERGY-LOSS; HIGHER HYDROCARBONS; OXYGEN-FREE; CONVERSION; ETHYLENE; CHEMISORPTION; ETHYLIDYNE; PLATINUM; KINETICS; SPECTRA C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Goodman, DW (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2002 VL 41 IS 1 BP 144 EP 146 DI 10.1002/1521-3773(20020104)41:1<144::AID-ANIE144>3.0.CO;2-J PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 509BR UT WOS:000173124900029 PM 12491466 ER PT J AU Yates, MZ Ott, KC Birnbaum, ER McCleskey, TM AF Yates, MZ Ott, KC Birnbaum, ER McCleskey, TM TI Hydrothermal synthesis of molecular sieve fibers: Using microemulsions to control crystal morphology SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article ID REVERSE MICELLES; GROWTH; PARTICLES; ZEOLITES C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Chem Engn, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP McCleskey, TM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM tmark@lanl.gov RI McCleskey, Thomas/J-4772-2012 NR 18 TC 61 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2002 VL 41 IS 3 BP 476 EP 478 DI 10.1002/1521-3773(20020201)41:3<476::AID-ANIE476>3.0.CO;2-S PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 522DR UT WOS:000173880900015 PM 12491383 ER PT J AU Lo, HC Fish, RH AF Lo, HC Fish, RH TI Biomimetic NAD(+) models for tandem cofactor regeneration, horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase recognition of 1,4-NADH derivatives, and chiral synthesis SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE asymmetric synthesis; biomimetic synthesis; cofactors; enzyme catalysis; redox chemistry ID ARTIFICIAL REDOX COENZYME; REDUCTION; ZINC; COMPLEXES; NAD(P)+; DRIVEN; NADH C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fish, RH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 70-108B, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 33 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 3 U2 31 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2002 VL 41 IS 3 BP 478 EP 481 DI 10.1002/1521-3773(20020201)41:3<478::AID-ANIE478>3.0.CO;2-K PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 522DR UT WOS:000173880900016 PM 12491384 ER PT J AU Muller, A Das, SK Talismanova, MO Bogge, H Kogerler, P Schmidtmann, M Talismanov, SS Luban, M Krickemeyer, E AF Muller, A Das, SK Talismanova, MO Bogge, H Kogerler, P Schmidtmann, M Talismanov, SS Luban, M Krickemeyer, E TI Paramagnetic keplerate "necklaces" synthesized by a novel room-temperature solid-state reaction: Controlled linking of metal-oxide-based nanoparticles SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE composites; magnetic properties; molybdenum; polyoxometalates; supramolecular chemistry ID SPHERES; CHEMISTRY; UNITS C1 Univ Bielefeld, Lehrstuhl Anorgan Chem 1, Fak Chem, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Muller, A (reprint author), Univ Bielefeld, Lehrstuhl Anorgan Chem 1, Fak Chem, Postfach 100131, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany. EM a.mueller@uni-bielefeld.de RI Kogerler, Paul/H-5866-2013; OI Kogerler, Paul/0000-0001-7831-3953; Muller, Achim/0000-0003-0117-4021 NR 27 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2002 VL 41 IS 4 BP 579 EP + DI 10.1002/1521-3773(20020215)41:4<579::AID-ANIE579>3.0.CO;2-Z PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 523YB UT WOS:000173984200005 ER PT J AU Huynh, MHV Meyer, TJ AF Huynh, MHV Meyer, TJ TI Proton-coupled electron transfer from phosphorus: A P-H/P-D kinetic isotope effect of 178 SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE electron transfer; isotope effects; kinetics; osmium; P ligands; reduction ID OSMIUM HYDRAZIDO COMPLEXES; PHOSPHORANIMINATO COMPLEXES; OXIDATION; CHEMISTRY; NITROGEN; LIGANDS; SULFUR C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Associate Lab Director Strateg Res, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Huynh, MHV (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Associate Lab Director Strateg Res, MS A127, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 25 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2002 VL 41 IS 8 BP 1395 EP 1398 DI 10.1002/1521-3773(20020415)41:8<1395::AID-ANIE1395>3.0.CO;2-Z PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 543HL UT WOS:000175095400025 PM 19750776 ER PT J AU Huynh, MHV Morris, DE White, PS Meyer, TJ AF Huynh, MHV Morris, DE White, PS Meyer, TJ TI Proton-induced, reversible evolution of O-2 from the Os-IV-sulfoximido complex [Os-IV(tpy)(Cl)(2){NS(O)-3,5-Me2C6H3}] SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article ID PARTIAL OXIDATION; OXYGEN ACTIVATION; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; DIOXYGEN; CATALYSTS; ELECTROREDUCTION; RESPIRATION; MECHANISM; REDUCTION; GRAPHITE C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Actinide Catalysis & Separat Grp, Chem Div MS J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Inst Transactinium Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Huynh, MHV (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Actinide Catalysis & Separat Grp, Chem Div MS J514, MS A127, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Morris, David/A-8577-2012 NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2002 VL 41 IS 13 BP 2330 EP 2333 DI 10.1002/1521-3773(20020703)41:13<2330::AID-ANIE2330>3.0.CO;2-X PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 572KT UT WOS:000176774000029 PM 12203582 ER PT J AU Cronin, L Beugholt, C Krickemeyer, E Schmidtmann, M Bogge, H Kogerler, P Luong, TKK Muller, A AF Cronin, L Beugholt, C Krickemeyer, E Schmidtmann, M Bogge, H Kogerler, P Luong, TKK Muller, A TI "Molecular symmetry breakers" generating metal-oxide-based nanoobject fragments as synthons for complex structures: [{Mo128Eu4O388H10(H2O)(81)}(2)](20-), a giant-cluster dimer SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE cluster compounds; europium; molybdenum; nanochemistry; polyoxometalates; symmetry breaking ID SURFACTANT-ENCAPSULATED CLUSTERS; COLLOIDAL ORGANIZATION; CHEMISTRY; KEPLERATE; FILMS; FIELD; MICROELECTRONICS; DISCRETE; SCIENCE; GROWTH C1 Univ Bielefeld, Fak Chem, Lehrstuhl Anorgan Chem 1, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50014 USA. RP Muller, A (reprint author), Univ Bielefeld, Fak Chem, Lehrstuhl Anorgan Chem 1, Postfach 100131, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany. RI Cronin, Leroy/B-7752-2008; Kogerler, Paul/H-5866-2013; OI Cronin, Leroy/0000-0001-8035-5757; Kogerler, Paul/0000-0001-7831-3953; Muller, Achim/0000-0003-0117-4021 NR 36 TC 109 Z9 110 U1 2 U2 19 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2002 VL 41 IS 15 BP 2805 EP + DI 10.1002/1521-3773(20020802)41:15<2805::AID-ANIE2805>3.0.CO;2-E PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583AA UT WOS:000177382300031 PM 12203492 ER PT J AU Ribas, X Jackson, DA Donnadieu, B Mahia, J Parella, T Xifra, R Hedman, B Hodgson, KO Llobet, A Stack, TDP AF Ribas, X Jackson, DA Donnadieu, B Mahia, J Parella, T Xifra, R Hedman, B Hodgson, KO Llobet, A Stack, TDP TI Aryl C-H activation by Cu-II to form an organometallic Aryl-Cu-III species: A novel twist on copper disproportionation SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article ID OXIDATION; COMPLEXES C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Girona, Dept Quim, E-17071 Girona, Spain. Univ A Coruna, Serv Xerais Apoio Invest, La Coruna 15071, Spain. CNRS, UPR 8241, Chim Coordinat Lab, Serv Cristallochim, F-31077 Toulouse 4, France. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Quim, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. RP Hedman, B (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM hedman@slac.stanford.edu; hodgson@ssrl.slac.stanford.edu; antoni.llobet@udg.es; stack@stanford.edu RI Parella Coll, Teodor/A-5371-2008; Llobet, Antoni/C-3296-2016; Ribas, Xavi/F-3945-2014 OI Parella Coll, Teodor/0000-0002-1914-2709; Llobet, Antoni/0000-0002-6176-5272; Ribas, Xavi/0000-0002-2850-4409 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-01209]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-50730] NR 22 TC 145 Z9 146 U1 5 U2 38 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2002 VL 41 IS 16 BP 2991 EP 2994 DI 10.1002/1521-3773(20020816)41:16<2991::AID-ANIE2991>3.0.CO;2-6 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 586RD UT WOS:000177597700023 PM 12203435 ER PT J AU Laws, DD Bitter, HML Jerschow, A AF Laws, DD Bitter, HML Jerschow, A TI Solid-state NMR spectroscopic methods in chemistry SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Review DE multipulse techniques; NMR spectroscopy; solid-state structures; spin-spin coupling; structure elucidation ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ANGLE-SPINNING NMR; HIGH-RESOLUTION NMR; SHIFT CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; DOUBLE-QUANTUM NMR; 3-DIMENSIONAL BONDING CONNECTIVITIES; DIPOLAR-CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; CARBON-CARBON CONNECTIVITIES; INTEGER QUADRUPOLAR NUCLEI; TENSOR PRINCIPAL VALUES C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jerschow, A (reprint author), NYU, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10003 USA. OI Jerschow, Alexej/0000-0003-1521-9219 NR 250 TC 172 Z9 177 U1 14 U2 120 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2002 VL 41 IS 17 BP 3096 EP 3129 DI 10.1002/1521-3773(20020902)41:17<3096::AID-ANIE3096>3.0.CO;2-X PG 34 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 592DG UT WOS:000177921000004 PM 12207374 ER PT J AU Han, SD Bond, AD Disch, RL Holmes, D Schulman, JM Teat, SJ Vollhardt, KPC Whitener, GD AF Han, SD Bond, AD Disch, RL Holmes, D Schulman, JM Teat, SJ Vollhardt, KPC Whitener, GD TI Total syntheses and structures of angular [6]-and [7]phenylene: The first helical phenylenes (heliphenes) SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article ID PHENYLENES; MOLECULES; <4>PHENYLENE; <5>PHENYLENE; CHIRALITY; HELICENES; POLYMERS; FRAGMENT C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Ctr New Direct Organ Synth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. CUNY Queens Coll, Dept Chem, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. CLRC, Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. RP Vollhardt, KPC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Ctr New Direct Organ Synth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 50 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 3 U2 13 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2002 VL 41 IS 17 BP 3223 EP + DI 10.1002/1521-3773(20020902)41:17<3223::AID-ANIE3223>3.0.CO;2-G PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 592DG UT WOS:000177921000026 PM 12207396 ER PT J AU Han, SD Anderson, DR Bond, AD Chu, HV Disch, RL Holmes, D Schulman, JM Teat, SJ Vollhardt, KPC Whitener, GD AF Han, SD Anderson, DR Bond, AD Chu, HV Disch, RL Holmes, D Schulman, JM Teat, SJ Vollhardt, KPC Whitener, GD TI Total syntheses of angular [7]-, [8]-, and [9]phenylene by triple cobalt-catalyzed cycloisomerization: Remarkably flexible heliphenes SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article ID PHENYLENES; OLIGOMERS C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Ctr New Direct Organ Synth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. CUNY Queens Coll, Dept Chem, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. CLRC, Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. RP Vollhardt, KPC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Ctr New Direct Organ Synth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 21 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2002 VL 41 IS 17 BP 3227 EP + DI 10.1002/1521-3773(20020902)41:17<3227::AID-ANIE3227>3.0.CO;2-T PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 592DG UT WOS:000177921000027 PM 12207397 ER PT J AU Kimball, DB Haley, MM AF Kimball, DB Haley, MM TI Triazenes: A versatile tool in organic synthesis SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Review DE cross-coupling; cyclization; heterocycles; protecting groups; solid-phase synthesis ID SOLID-PHASE SYNTHESIS; 1,3-DIAZA-2-AZONIAALLENE SALTS; VANCOMYCIN AGLYCON; ALKYLATING-AGENTS; DRUG METABOLITES; ARYL IODIDES; SUBSTITUTED CINNOLINES; CATALYZED-HYDROLYSIS; TRACELESS LINKER; SECONDARY-AMINES C1 Univ Oregon, Dept Chem, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Haley, MM (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Dept Chem, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. NR 116 TC 144 Z9 148 U1 3 U2 28 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2002 VL 41 IS 18 BP 3338 EP 3351 DI 10.1002/1521-3773(20020916)41:18<3338::AID-ANIE3338>3.0.CO;2-7 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 596QX UT WOS:000178177700004 PM 12298030 ER PT J AU Liang, L Liu, J Windisch, CF Exarhos, GJ Lin, YH AF Liang, L Liu, J Windisch, CF Exarhos, GJ Lin, YH TI Direct assembly of large arrays of oriented conducting polymer nanowires SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE aniline; conducting materials; electrochemistry; nanostructures; polymers ID CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS; TEMPLATE SYNTHESIS; POLYPYRROLE; POLYANILINE; NANOMATERIALS; NANOTUBULES C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Biomol Mat & Interfaces Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Liu, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Biomol Mat & Interfaces Dept, POB 5800,Mail Stop 1413, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011 OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587 NR 19 TC 344 Z9 354 U1 13 U2 109 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2002 VL 41 IS 19 BP 3665 EP 3668 DI 10.1002/1521-3773(20021004)41:19<3665::AID-ANIE3665>3.0.CO;2-B PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 604GZ UT WOS:000178609900031 PM 12370924 ER PT J AU Huynh, MHV Baker, RT Morris, DE White, PS Meyer, TJ AF Huynh, MHV Baker, RT Morris, DE White, PS Meyer, TJ TI [Os-III(tpy)(Cl)(NCCH3)(NSAr)]: Reversible reduction of acetonitrile by Os-III-sulfilimido complexes SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE acetonitrile; imines; N ligands; osmium; reduction ID COUPLED ELECTRON-TRANSFER; HYDRAZIDO COMPLEXES; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; CLUSTER COMPLEXES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; NITRILE LIGAND; PROTONATION; ORGANONITRILES; ACIMIDOYL; OXIDATION C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Huynh, MHV (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Expt Div, Sci & Technol Grp DX2 HE, C-SIC,MS J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Morris, David/A-8577-2012 NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2002 VL 41 IS 20 BP 3870 EP 3873 DI 10.1002/1521-3773(20021018)41:20<3870::AID-ANIE3870>3.0.CO;2-Q PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 609PF UT WOS:000178913600032 PM 12386874 ER PT J AU Li, X Kiran, B Li, J Zhai, HJ Wang, LS AF Li, X Kiran, B Li, J Zhai, HJ Wang, LS TI Experimental observation and confirmation of icosahedral W@Au-12 and Mo@Au-12 molecules SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, LS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, 2710 Univ Dr, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Li, Jun/E-5334-2011 OI Li, Jun/0000-0002-8456-3980 NR 12 TC 235 Z9 237 U1 3 U2 23 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2002 VL 41 IS 24 BP 4786 EP 4789 DI 10.1002/anie.200290048 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 629LR UT WOS:000180051600049 PM 12481358 ER PT S AU Eisenhawer, SW Bott, TF Jackson, JW AF Eisenhawer, SW Bott, TF Jackson, JW GP IEEE TI Prioritizing the purchase of spare parts using an approximate reasoning model SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM, 2002 PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS : ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium CY JAN 28-31, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP IEEESAE, IIE, Soc Reliabil Engineers, IEST, SLE, RAMS DE spare parts; approximate reasoning; fuzzy sets; possibility theory AB The complexity of a spare parts prioritization model should be consonant with the amount and quality of data available to populate it. When production processes are new and the reliability database is sparse and represents primarily expert knowledge, an approximate reasoning (AR) based model is appropriate. AR models are designed to emulate the inferential processes used by experts in making judgments. We have designed and tested such a model for the planned component production process for nuclear weapons at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The model successfully represents the experts' knowledge concerning the frequency and consequences of a part failure, The use of linguistic variables provides an adaptable format for eliciting this knowledge and a consistent basis for valuing the effect on production of different parts. Ranking the parts for inclusion in a spare parts inventory is a straightforward transformation of the AR output. The basis for this ranking is directly traceable to the elicitation results. AR-based models are well-suited to prioritization problems with these characteristics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Eisenhawer, SW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS K557, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-144X BN 0-7803-7348-0 J9 P A REL MAI PY 2002 BP 20 EP 25 DI 10.1109/RAMS.2002.981614 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BU19P UT WOS:000175295600004 ER PT S AU Bott, TF Eisenhawer, SW AF Bott, TF Eisenhawer, SW GP IEEE TI Risk analysis using a hybrid Bayesian-approximate reasoning methodology SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM, 2002 PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS : ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium CY JAN 28-31, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP IEEESAE, IIE, Soc Reliabil Engineers, IEST, SLE, RAMS DE accident analysis; Bayesian models; approximate reasoning AB Analysts are sometimes asked to make frequency estimates for specific accidents in which the accident frequency is determined primarily by safety controls. Under these conditions, frequency estimates use considerable expert belief in determining how the controls affect the accident frequency. To evaluate and document beliefs about control effectiveness, we have modified a traditional Bayesian approach by using approximate reasoning (AR)(1) to develop prior distributions. Our method produces accident frequency estimates that separately express the probabilistic results produced in Bayesian analysis and possibilistic results that reflect uncertainty about the prior estimates. Based on our experience using traditional methods, we feel that the AR approach better documents beliefs about the effectiveness of controls than if the beliefs are buried in Bayesian prior distributions. We have performed numerous expert elicitations in which probabilistic information was sought from subject matter experts not trained in probability. We find it much easier to elicit the linguistic variables and fuzzy set membership values used in AR than to obtain the probability distributions used in prior distributions directly from these experts because it better captures their beliefs and better expresses their uncertainties. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bott, TF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS K557, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-144X BN 0-7803-7348-0 J9 P A REL MAI PY 2002 BP 127 EP 133 DI 10.1109/RAMS.2002.981630 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BU19P UT WOS:000175295600020 ER PT S AU Bierbaum, RL Wright, DL AF Bierbaum, RL Wright, DL GP IEEE TI Reliability assessment methodology for 1-shot systems SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM, 2002 PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS : ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium CY JAN 28-31, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP IEEESAE, IIE, Soc Reliabil Engineers, IEST, SLE, RAMS DE 1-shot system; dormancy; reliability assessment; reliability prediction; surveillance program; weapon system AB Much of the reliability literature focuses on analysis of continuously operating systems. However, there are many applications for which the system is a 1-shot device or a particular function of the system is 1-shot. For many of these applications the 1-shot device spends much of its life in dormant storage. A common example of this is a weapon system. although there are also numerous other examples such as fire suppression systems, nuclear power plant fail-safe systems, protection or deterrent systems, and various manned and unmanned spacecraft systems. This paper outlines some of the challenges of 1-shot device analysis, An existing 1-shot system reliability analysis approach, that for nuclear weapons, will be described. Some of the other important characteristics that influence the approach will also be highlighted. Although illustrated in the context of nuclear weapon systems, many of the aspects of the described approach are relevant to other applications. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Bierbaum, RL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969,MS9202, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-144X BN 0-7803-7348-0 J9 P A REL MAI PY 2002 BP 536 EP 541 DI 10.1109/RAMS.2002.981699 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BU19P UT WOS:000175295600090 ER PT S AU Hawkins, J Howard, RB Nguyen, HV AF Hawkins, J Howard, RB Nguyen, HV GP IEEE TI Automated Real-Time Testing (ARTT) for Embedded Control Systems (ECS) SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM, 2002 PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS : ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium CY JAN 28-31, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP IEEESAE, IIE, Soc Reliabil Engineers, IEST, SLE, RAMS DE testing embedded systems; real-time testing; automated testing; personnel safety systems AB In this paper, we presented an example of how Vali\Test Pro testing methodology was used to structure tests for a Personnel Safety System. We constructed validation matrixes to map PSS system requirements to their respective unit level of tests in order to measure the system's test coverage. We integrated a suite of four software-testing tools onto a single computer platform with a fifth tool working separately on a separate notebook computer. The four software modules that were integrated onto a Windows NT computer platform were: 1) Programmable Industrial Control Simulation (PICS) software which provided real-time Human Machine Interface (HMI) and Input/Output (I/O) simulation for testing programmable logic control (PLC) based systems; 2) WinRunner a functional testing tool provided a graphical user interface to Windows base applications; 3) Test Director provided test planning and works with WinRunner to provide graphical test planning, batch testing and defect tracking; and 4) RSLogic provided the means to down load software to Allen Bradley's PLC's and to verify faults and task states in Chain B of the PSS system. In addition, a fifth tool called State Logic from GE was setup to run on a separate notebook computer to verify faults and task states of Chain A of the PSS system. Working together, the five software tools created a testing platform that is capable of providing complete black box testing for the Personnel Safety System in real-time. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Interlock Syst & Instrumentat Grp, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hawkins, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Interlock Syst & Instrumentat Grp, Bldg 401,Rm C1249, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-144X BN 0-7803-7348-0 J9 P A REL MAI PY 2002 BP 647 EP 652 DI 10.1109/RAMS.2002.981716 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BU19P UT WOS:000175295600107 ER PT J AU Hu, W Dodelson, S AF Hu, W Dodelson, S TI Cosmic microwave background anisotropies SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Review DE background radiation; cosmology; theory; dark matter; early universe ID COLD DARK-MATTER; SUNYAEV-ZELDOVICH FLUCTUATIONS; 3-POINT CORRELATION-FUNCTION; BIG-BANG NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; ANGULAR POWER SPECTRUM; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; NON-GAUSSIAN ASPECTS; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT; SKY MAPS; INFLATIONARY UNIVERSE AB Cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature anisotropies have and will continue to revolutionize our understanding of cosmology. The recent discovery of the previously predicted acoustic peaks in the power spectrum has established a working cosmological model: a critical density universe consisting of mainly dark matter and dark energy, which formed its structure through gravitational instability from quantum fluctuations during an inflationary epoch. Future observations should test this model and measure its key cosmological parameters with unprecedented precision. The phenomenology and cosmological implications of the acoustic peaks are developed in detail. Beyond the peaks, the yet to be detected secondary anisotropies and polarization present opportunities to study the physics of inflation and the dark energy. The analysis techniques devised to extract cosmological information from voluminous CMB data sets are outlined, given their increasing importance in experimental cosmology as a whole. C1 Univ Chicago, Ctr Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Univ Chicago, Ctr Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM whu@background.uchicago.edu; dodelson@fnal.gov NR 202 TC 302 Z9 306 U1 3 U2 25 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4146 J9 ANNU REV ASTRON ASTR JI Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. PY 2002 VL 40 BP 171 EP 216 DI 10.1146/annurev.astro.40.060401.093926 PG 50 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 612BU UT WOS:000179054500007 ER PT J AU Grogan, MJ Pratt, MR Marcaurelle, LA Bertozzi, CR AF Grogan, MJ Pratt, MR Marcaurelle, LA Bertozzi, CR TI Homogeneous glycopeptides and glycoproteins for biological investigation SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE N-linked; O-linked; GPI anchor; oligosaccharide; chemoselective ligation ID SOLID-PHASE SYNTHESIS; GPI-ANCHORED PROTEINS; N-LINKED OLIGOSACCHARIDES; OVINE SUBMAXILLARY MUCIN; ONE-POT STRATEGIES; HIGH-MANNOSE CORE; CHEMOENZYMATIC SYNTHESIS; CELL-SURFACE; P-SELECTIN; O-GLYCOSYLATION AB Protein glycosylation is widely recognized as a modulator of protein structure, localization, and cell-cell recognition in multicellular systems. Glycoproteins are typically expressed as mixtures of glycoforms, their oligosaccharides being generated by a template-independent biosynthetic process. Investigation of their function has been greatly assisted by sources of homogeneous material. This review summarizes current efforts to obtain homogeneous glycopeptide and glycoprotein materials by a variety of methods that draw from the techniques of recombinant expression, chemical synthesis, enzymatic transformation, and chemoselective ligation. Some of these techniques remove obstacles to glycoprotein synthesis by installing normative linkages and other modifications for facilitated assembly. The end purpose of the described approaches is the production of glycosylated materials for experiments relevant to the biological investigation of glycoproteins, although the strategies presented apply to other posttranslational modifications as well. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Adv Mat, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Grogan, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM groganmike2001@yahoo.com; mpratt@uclink.berkeley.edu; lamarcau@mit.edu; bertozzi@cchem.berkeley.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 58867] NR 141 TC 115 Z9 119 U1 3 U2 9 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4154 J9 ANNU REV BIOCHEM JI Annu. Rev. Biochem. PY 2002 VL 71 BP 593 EP 634 DI 10.1146/annurev.biochem.71.110601.135334 PG 42 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 582MJ UT WOS:000177352600021 PM 12045107 ER PT J AU Sklar, LA Edwards, BS Graves, SW Nolan, JP Prossnitz, ER AF Sklar, LA Edwards, BS Graves, SW Nolan, JP Prossnitz, ER TI Flow cytometric analysis of ligand-receptor interactions and molecular assemblies SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOPHYSICS AND BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE LA English DT Review DE drug discovery; genomics; immunoassay; proteomics; fluorescence; resonance energy transfer ID FORMYL PEPTIDE-RECEPTOR; RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; HUMAN FLAP ENDONUCLEASE-1; L-SELECTIN; NEUTROPHIL AGGREGATION; DIRECTED EVOLUTION; COUPLED RECEPTOR; KINETIC-ANALYSIS; PLASMA-MEMBRANE AB Flow cytometers make homogeneous real-time measurements of ligand-receptor interactions and, simultaneously, the physiological responses of cells. Their multiparameter capabilities are also useful in resolving multicomponent assemblies or in developing multiplexed assays. Recent advances suggest that these approaches can be extended in several important ways. Sample delivery in the millisecond time domain is applicable to the analysis of complex binding kinetics and reaction mechanisms. The homogeneous discrimination of free components and particle-based assemblies can be extended into the micromolar concentration range. Measurements can be made of molecular assemblies among proteins, DNA, RNA, lipids, and carbohydrates on beads. The topography and assembly of components within cells can be evaluated with resonance energy transfer. Temperature dependence can be evaluated with Peltier temperature control. Many assembly endpoints can be assessed through new tools for high-throughput flow cytometry using plate-based assay formats and small volume samples. C1 Univ New Mexico, Ctr Canc, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Pathol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Cell Biol & Physiol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Flow Cytometry Resource & Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sklar, LA (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr Canc, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RI Prossnitz, Eric/B-4543-2008; OI Prossnitz, Eric/0000-0001-9190-8302 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR 01315, RR 14175]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI 36357]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 60799] NR 104 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 18 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1056-8700 J9 ANNU REV BIOPH BIOM JI Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biomolec. Struct. PY 2002 VL 31 BP 97 EP 119 DI 10.1146/annurev.biophys.31.082901.134406 PG 23 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 568MG UT WOS:000176545500004 PM 11988464 ER PT J AU Valentine, GA Zhang, DX Robinson, BA AF Valentine, GA Zhang, DX Robinson, BA TI Modeling complex, nonlinear geological processes SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE multiphase flow; stochastic porous media; magma dynamics ID STATE UNSATURATED FLOW; NONSTATIONARY STOCHASTIC-ANALYSIS; ANISOTROPIC POROUS FORMATIONS; WATER TRANSPORT PARAMETERS; SOIL HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; SATURATED FRACTURED TUFF; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; MAGMA CHAMBERS; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; HETEROGENEOUS MEDIA AB We review selected geological processes to which numerical modeling has been applied, with the aim of describing some of the general approaches and applications of the modeling. All of these examples involve multiphase fluid flow, in some cases coupled with heat transport and phase changes. First, we describe modeling approaches to a human-made geological system-a potential underground radioactive waste repository. Next, we describe recent advances in modeling two-phase flow through random heterogeneous porous media. We review recent modeling studies of fluid processes in magmatic systems, especially focusing on melting and crystallization induced by magma chambers. Finally, several research directions are suggested, including improving our understanding of the linkage between small-scale and field-scale processes, coupling across regimes (e.g., surface water and ground water), and further developments in the modeling of stochastic geological processes. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hydrol Geochem & Geol Grp EES 6, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Valentine, GA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hydrol Geochem & Geol Grp EES 6, Mail Stop D462, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Robinson, Bruce/F-6031-2010; Zhang, Dongxiao/D-5289-2009 OI Zhang, Dongxiao/0000-0001-6930-5994 NR 100 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 11 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0084-6597 J9 ANNU REV EARTH PL SC JI Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. PY 2002 VL 30 BP 35 EP 64 DI 10.1146/annurev.earth.30.082801.150140 PG 32 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA 557RF UT WOS:000175921000003 ER PT J AU Fehler, MC Huang, LJ AF Fehler, MC Huang, LJ TI Modern imaging using seismic reflection data SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE ray; seismic migration; tomography; wave equation ID REVERSE-TIME MIGRATION; FINITE-DIFFERENCE MIGRATION; WAVE-EQUATION MIGRATION; BORN FOURIER MIGRATION; DEPTH MIGRATION; PRESTACK MIGRATION; RESOLUTION LIMITS; BEAM MIGRATION; COMMON-OFFSET; TRAVEL-TIME AB Imaging using seismic reflection data has undergone tremendous advances over the past few years. The advances have been fostered in part by the availability of faster computers that have made more reliable algorithms for migration imaging feasible. The conventional approach to migration imaging, ray-based Kirchhoff migration, has been improved by the use of multiple-valued traveltime tables, ray amplitudes, and ray phases that can be calculated from various ray-tracing implementations. Wave-equation imaging, based on implementations of solutions of the wave equation, one-way wave equation, and approximations to the Lippmann-Schwinger equation, has become tractable. Wave-equation methods take account of wave phenomena such as focusing, defocusing, and diffraction that are important in many geological environments where imaging is used for petroleum exploration. There have also been applications of various types of migration imaging in basic studies of Earth structure. Such studies have been made to investigate deep Earth structure and large-scale lithospheric structure using waveforms from teleseisms as sources. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fehler, MC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 81 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0084-6597 J9 ANNU REV EARTH PL SC JI Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. PY 2002 VL 30 BP 259 EP 284 DI 10.1146/annurev.earth.30.091201.140909 PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA 557RF UT WOS:000175921000011 ER PT J AU Craig, PP Gadgil, A Koomey, JG AF Craig, PP Gadgil, A Koomey, JG TI What can history teach us? A retrospective examination of long-term energy forecasts for the United States SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE global warming; climate change; prediction; planning forecasting AB This paper explores how long-term energy forecasts are created and why they are useful. It focuses on forecasts of energy use in the United States for the year 2000 but considers only long-term predictions, i.e., those covering two or more decades. The motivation is current interest in global warming forecasts, some of which run beyond a century. The basic observation is that forecasters in the 1950-1980 period underestimated the importance of unmodeled surprises. A key example is the failure to foresee the ability of the United States economy to respond to the oil embargos of the 1970s by increasing efficiency. Not only were most forecasts of that period systematically high, but forecasters systematically underestimated uncertainties. Long-term energy forecasts must make assumptions about both technologies and social systems. At their most successful, they influence how people act by showing the consequences of not acting. They are useful when they provide insights to energy planners, influence the perceptions of the public and the energy policy community, capture current understanding of underlying physical and economic principles, or highlight key emerging social or economic trends. It is true that at best we see dimly into the future, but those who acknowledge their duty to posterity will feel impelled to use their foresight upon what facts and guiding principles we do possess. Though many data are at present wanting or doubtful, our conclusions may be rendered so far probable as to lead to further inquiries... (1), p. 4. C1 Sierra Club Global Warming & Energy Program, Martinez, CA 94553 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, End Use Forecasting Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Craig, PP (reprint author), Sierra Club Global Warming & Energy Program, 623 Lafayette St, Martinez, CA 94553 USA. OI Gadgil, Ashok/0000-0002-0357-9455 NR 78 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 12 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1056-3466 J9 ANNU REV ENERG ENV JI Annu. Rev. Energ. Environ. PY 2002 VL 27 BP 83 EP 118 DI 10.1146/annurev.energy.27.122001.083425 PG 36 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 619ZC UT WOS:000179507000004 ER PT J AU Koomey, JG Calwell, C Laitner, S Thornton, J Brown, RE Eto, JH Webber, C Cullicott, C AF Koomey, JG Calwell, C Laitner, S Thornton, J Brown, RE Eto, JH Webber, C Cullicott, C TI Sorry, wrong number: The use and misuse of numerical facts in analysis and media reporting of energy issues SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review AB Students of public policy sometimes envision an idealized policy process where competent data collection and incisive analysis on both sides of a debate lead to reasoned judgments and sound decisions. Unfortunately, numbers that prove decisive in policy debates are not always carefully developed, credibly documented, or correct. This paper presents four widely cited examples of numbers in the energy field that are either misleading or wrong. It explores the origins of these numbers, how they missed the mark, and how they have been misused by both analysts and the media. In addition, it describes and uses a three-stage analytical process for evaluating such statistics that involves defining terms and boundaries, assessing underlying data, and critically analyzing arguments. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ecos Consulting, Durango, CO 81301 USA. US EPA, Off Atmospher Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. IBM Corp, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. RP Koomey, JG (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Bldg 90-4000, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 119 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1056-3466 J9 ANNU REV ENERG ENV JI Annu. Rev. Energ. Environ. PY 2002 VL 27 BP 119 EP 158 DI 10.1164/annurev.energy.27.122001.083458 PG 40 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 619ZC UT WOS:000179507000005 ER PT J AU Martinot, E Chaurey, A Lew, D Moreira, JR Wamukonya, N AF Martinot, E Chaurey, A Lew, D Moreira, JR Wamukonya, N TI Renewable energy markets in developing countries SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE rural development; sustainable energy policy; solar; biomass; wind power ID DEVELOPING-WORLD; PHOTOVOLTAIC MARKET; SOLAR POWER; CHINA; EXPERIENCE; INDIA; TECHNOLOGY; LESSONS; POLICY; COOKSTOVES AB Renewable energy is shifting from the fringe to the mainstream of sustainable development. Past donor efforts achieved modest results but often were not sustained or replicated, which leads now to greater market orientation. Markets for rural household lighting with solar home systems, biogas, and small hydro power have expanded through rural entrepreneurship, government programs, and donor assistance, serving millions of households. Applications in agriculture, small industry, and social services are emerging. Public programs resulted in 220 million improved biomass cook stoves. Three percent of power generation capacity is largely small hydro and biomass power, with rapid growth of wind power. Experience suggests the need for technical know-how transfer, new replicable business models, credit for rural households and entrepreneurs, regulatory frameworks and financing for private power developers, market facilitation organizations, donor assistance aimed at expanding sustainable markets, smarter subsidies, and greater attention to social benefits and income generation. C1 Global Environm Facil, Washington, DC 20433 USA. Tata Energy Res Inst, New Delhi 110003, India. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Biomass Users Network, BR-04581001 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Riso Natl Lab, UNEP Collaborating Ctr Energy & Environm, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. RP Martinot, E (reprint author), Global Environm Facil, 1818 H St NW, Washington, DC 20433 USA. NR 176 TC 136 Z9 138 U1 17 U2 112 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1056-3466 J9 ANNU REV ENERG ENV JI Annu. Rev. Energ. Environ. PY 2002 VL 27 BP 309 EP 348 DI 10.1146/annurev.energy.27.122001.083444 PG 40 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 619ZC UT WOS:000179507000010 ER PT J AU Lin, J AF Lin, J TI Appliance efficiency standards and labeling programs in China SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE energy efficiency; energy conservation; standards and labels; greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions ID ENERGY AB Since the late 1980s, China has developed an extensive program of energy efficiency standards and labeling for household appliances. This development closely traces the rapid growth of appliance ownership and the domestic appliance industry and is an integral part of China's comprehensive energy conservation policy. The implementation of energy efficiency standards and labels for household appliances has not only achieved significant reductions in energy consumption and therefore greenhouse gas emissions in China, but it has also been instrumental in stimulating one of the world's largest appliance markets. This article reviews the historical development of Chinese programs, summarizes the most recent activities, and documents to the extent possible their impact on appliance efficiency and energy consumption. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lin, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-4000, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1056-3466 J9 ANNU REV ENERG ENV JI Annu. Rev. Energ. Environ. PY 2002 VL 27 BP 349 EP 367 DI 10.1146/annurev.energy.27.122001.083417 PG 19 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 619ZC UT WOS:000179507000011 ER PT J AU Gilman, A Arkin, AP AF Gilman, A Arkin, AP TI Genetic "Code": Representations and dynamical models of genetic components and networks SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF GENOMICS AND HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Review DE mathematical models; gene expression; regulation; transcription; translation ID MESSENGER-RNA TURNOVER; CIS-REGULATORY LOGIC; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MATHEMATICAL-MODEL; SOFTWARE ENVIRONMENT; BACTERIOPHAGE-LAMBDA; KINETIC-ANALYSIS; CELL BIOLOGY; SIMULATION; EXPRESSION AB Dynamical modeling of biological systems is becoming increasingly widespread as people attempt to grasp biological phenomena in their full complexity and make sense of an accelerating stream of experimental data. We review a number of recent modeling studies that focus on systems specifically involving gene expression and regulation. These systems include bacterial metabolic operons and phase-variable piliation, bacteriophages T7 and lambda, and interacting networks of eukaryotic developmental genes. A wide range of conceptual and mathematical representations of genetic components and phenomena appears in these works. We discuss these representations in depth and give an overview of the tools currently available for creating and exploring dynamical models. We argue that for modeling to realize its full potential as a mainstream biological research technique the tools must become more general and flexible, and formal, standardized representations of biological knowledge and data must be developed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gilman, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Arkin, Adam/A-6751-2008 OI Arkin, Adam/0000-0002-4999-2931 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GMO-000919] NR 83 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 8 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1527-8204 J9 ANNU REV GENOM HUM G JI Annu. Rev. Genomics Hum. Genet. PY 2002 VL 3 BP 341 EP 369 DI 10.1146/annurev.genom.3.030502.111004 PG 31 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 605LF UT WOS:000178678800014 PM 12142360 ER PT J AU Rickman, JM LeSar, R AF Rickman, JM LeSar, R TI Free-energy calculations in materials research SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE harmonic methods; thermodynamic integration; simulation ID HISTOGRAM ANALYSIS METHOD; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; FINITE-TEMPERATURE PROPERTIES; MULTICANONICAL MONTE-CARLO; HARMONIC LATTICE-DYNAMICS; BETA-SHEET PROTEIN; AB-INITIO; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; HIGH-PRESSURE AB Various methods for calculating the free energies of fluids, solids, and discrete spin systems are reviewed with particular emphasis on applications relevant in materials science. First, traditional methodologies based on harmonic approximations and thermodynamic integration are examined to highlight the workings of these very useful and robust techniques. Several newer and more specialized strategies are then discussed to provide a snapshot of current practices. Our aim here is to compare and contrast several related techniques and to provide an assessment of their relative strengths. C1 Lehigh Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lehigh Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM jmr6@lehigh.edu; lesar@lanl.gov RI LeSar, Richard/G-1609-2012 NR 128 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 3 U2 48 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1531-7331 J9 ANNU REV MATER RES JI Ann. Rev. Mater. Res. PY 2002 VL 32 BP 195 EP 217 DI 10.1146/annurev.matsci.32.111901.153708 PG 23 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 590MX UT WOS:000177827600009 ER PT J AU Battaile, CC Srolovitz, DJ AF Battaile, CC Srolovitz, DJ TI Kinetic Monte Carlo simulation of chemical vapor deposition SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE film; growth; model; review ID ATOMIC-SCALE SIMULATIONS; DIAMOND FILM GROWTH; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; INFREQUENT EVENTS; TEXTURE FORMATION; CVD GROWTH; THIN-FILMS; SURFACE; TEMPERATURE; EVOLUTION AB The kinetic Monte Carlo method is a powerful tool for exploring the evolution and properties of a wide range of problems and systems. Kinetic Monte Carlo is ideally suited for modeling the process of chemical vapor deposition, which involves the adsorption, desorption, evolution, and incorporation of vapor species at the surface of a growing film. Deposition occurs on a time scale that is generally not accessible to fully atomistic approaches such as molecular dynamics, whereas an atomically resolved Monte Carlo method parameterized by accurate chemical kinetic data is capable of exploring deposition over long times (min) on large surfaces (mm(2)). There are many kinetic Monte Carlo approaches that can simulate chemical vapor deposition, ranging from coarse-grained model systems with hypothetical input parameters to physically realistic atomic simulations with accurate chemical kinetic input. This article introduces the kinetic Monte Carlo technique, reviews some of the major approaches, details the construction and implementation of the method, and provides an example of its application to a technologically relevant deposition system. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Mat & Proc Modeling Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Mat Inst, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, Mat & Proc Modeling Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ccbatta@sandia.gov; srol@princeton.edu NR 73 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 6 U2 55 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1531-7331 J9 ANNU REV MATER RES JI Ann. Rev. Mater. Res. PY 2002 VL 32 BP 297 EP 319 DI 10.1146/annurev.matsci.32.012102.110247 PG 25 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 590MX UT WOS:000177827600013 ER PT J AU Voter, AF Montalenti, F Germann, TC AF Voter, AF Montalenti, F Germann, TC TI Extending the time scale in atomistic simulation of materials SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE infrequent events; transition state theory; accelerated dynamics; hyperdynamics; parallel replica dynamics; temperature-accelerated dynamics; kinetic Monte Carlo ID TRANSITION-STATE THEORY; ACCELERATED MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SURFACE SELF-DIFFUSION; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; FINDING SADDLE-POINTS; MINIMUM ENERGY PATHS; ELASTIC BAND METHOD; INFREQUENT EVENTS; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; ISOMERIZATION DYNAMICS AB Obtaining a good atomistic description of diffusion dynamics in materials has been a daunting task owing to the time-scale limitations of the molecular dynamics method. We discuss promising new methods, derived from transition state theory, for accelerating molecular dynamics simulations of these infrequent-event processes. These methods, hyperdynamics, parallel replica dynamics, temperature-accelerated dynamics, and on-the-fly kinetic Monte Carlo, can reach simulation times several orders of magnitude longer than direct molecular dynamics while retaining full atomistic detail. Most applications so far have involved surface diffusion and growth, but it is clear that these methods can address a wide range of materials problems. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM afv@lanl.gov; franz@t12.lanl.gov; tcg@lanl.gov RI Montalenti, Francesco/A-7738-2010 OI Montalenti, Francesco/0000-0001-7854-8269 NR 90 TC 395 Z9 400 U1 8 U2 132 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1531-7331 J9 ANNU REV MATER RES JI Ann. Rev. Mater. Res. PY 2002 VL 32 BP 321 EP 346 DI 10.1146/annurev.matsci.32.112601.141541 PG 30 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 590MX UT WOS:000177827600014 ER PT J AU Lee, TSH Redwine, RP AF Lee, TSH Redwine, RP TI Pion-nucleus interactions SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE elastic; inelastic; absorption ID DOUBLE-CHARGE-EXCHANGE; MULTIPOLE MATRIX-ELEMENTS; WAVE IMPULSE-APPROXIMATION; ISOBAR-HOLE DESCRIPTION; DELTA-RESONANCE REGION; TOTAL CROSS-SECTIONS; LOW-ENERGY PIONS; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; INELASTIC-SCATTERING; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTIONS AB Pion-nucleus interactions have been extensively investigated in the past three decades with the meson factories at LAMPF, TRIUMF, and PSI. This article gives a pedagogical review of the advances and discusses open questions as well as issues related to current research. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Lee, TSH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 227 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-8998 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 2002 VL 52 BP 23 EP 63 DI 10.1146/annurev.nucl.52.050102.090713 PG 41 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 628AY UT WOS:000179970600003 ER PT J AU Kado, MM Tully, CG AF Kado, MM Tully, CG TI The searches for Higgs bosons at LEP SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE electroweak symmetry breaking; supersymmetry; standard model; 2HDM ID E(+)E(-) COLLISIONS; RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; MICROVERTEX DETECTOR; UPPER LIMIT; ROOT-S; MODEL; MASS; DECAYS; ALEPH; SUPERSYMMETRY AB The legacy of the LEP program encompasses an extensive investigation of the electroweak interaction and the most comprehensive search to date for the origin of spontaneous symmetry breaking. The results comprise a large variety of theoretical models challenged by dedicated searches and a persistent search for the standard-model Higgs boson. The direct search for the standard-model Higgs boson confronted an excess of signal-like events in the final year. This observation reaches a significance of approximately two standard deviations for a Higgs boson mass of 115.6 GeV/c(2), a value consistent with the mass range indicated by electroweak precision measurements. The definitive confirmation of the standard-model Higgs boson search and the continued investigation for a Higgs sector at higher masses await new data from the Tevatron and LHC colliders. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Kado, MM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 76 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-8998 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 2002 VL 52 BP 65 EP 113 DI 10.1146/annrev.nucl.52.050102.090656 PG 49 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 628AY UT WOS:000179970600004 ER PT J AU Gomez-Cadenas, JJ Harris, DA AF Gomez-Cadenas, JJ Harris, DA TI Physics opportunities at neutrino factories SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE neutrino oscillations; solar neutrinos; atmospheric neutrinos; leptonic CP violation; muon storage ring ID ZENITH-ANGLE DISTRIBUTION; ATMOSPHERIC NEUTRINO; CP-VIOLATION; SUPER-KAMIOKANDE; OSCILLATION EXPERIMENTS; 3-FLAVOR NEUTRINOS; MUON POLARIZATION; MINOS EXPERIMENT; LSND EXPERIMENT; SEARCH AB This article describes the physics capabilities of a future facility that would provide extremely intense and clean neutrino beams. This facility, called a neutrino factory, consists of a muon storage ring with long straight sections, pointed at experimental areas both near and far. Given the expected intensity of muons stored in the rings, this facility could give the lepton sector what decades of precision kaon and B experiments have given the quark sector. One would measure with unprecedented precision the parameters of the leptonic mixing matrix, explore the neutrino mass pattern, and ultimately search for CP violation in the leptonic sector. In addition, the high fluxes at a neutrino factory would open up a whole new field in precision neutrino scattering physics close to the ring itself. C1 Univ Valencia, Dept Atom & Nucl Phys, Valencia 46071, Spain. Univ Valencia, IFIC, Valencia 46071, Spain. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Univ Valencia, Dept Atom & Nucl Phys, Valencia 46071, Spain. EM gomez@ific.uv.es; dharris@fnal.gov RI Gomez Cadenas, Juan Jose/L-2003-2014 OI Gomez Cadenas, Juan Jose/0000-0002-8224-7714 NR 163 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-8998 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 2002 VL 52 BP 253 EP 302 DI 10.1146/annurev.nucl.52.050102.090653 PG 50 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 628AY UT WOS:000179970600008 ER PT J AU Bedaque, PF van Kolck, U AF Bedaque, PF van Kolck, U TI Effective field theory for few-nucleon systems SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE chiral perturbation theory; nuclear physics; few-body systems ID CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; REACTION NEAR-THRESHOLD; TO-LEADING-ORDER; SHORT-RANGE INTERACTIONS; PROTON-PROTON FUSION; CHARGE-INDEPENDENCE BREAKING; 3-PI-EXCHANGE NN POTENTIALS; NEUTRAL PION-PHOTOPRODUCTION; ELECTRON-DEUTERON SCATTERING; POWER COUNTING APPROACH AB We review the effective field theories (EFTs) developed for few-nucleon systems. These EFTs are controlled expansions in momenta, where certain (leading-order) interactions are summed to all orders. At low energies, an EFT with only contact interactions allows a detailed analysis of renormalization in a nonperturbative context and uncovers novel asymptotic behavior. Manifestly model-independent calculations can be carried out to high orders, leading to high precision. At higher energies, an EFT that includes pion fields justifies and extends the traditional framework of phenomenological potentials. The correct treatment of QCD symmetries ensures a connection with lattice QCD. Several tests and prospects of these EFTs are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bedaque, PF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 233 TC 454 Z9 457 U1 1 U2 9 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-8998 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 2002 VL 52 BP 339 EP 396 DI 10.1146/annurev.nucl.52.050102.090637 PG 58 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 628AY UT WOS:000179970600010 ER PT J AU Hewett, J Spiropulu, M AF Hewett, J Spiropulu, M TI Particle physics probes of extra spacetime dimensions SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE collider; gravity; hierarchy; braneworld ID LARGE COMPACT DIMENSIONS; SCALE QUANTUM-GRAVITY; INVERSE-SQUARE LAW; KALUZA-KLEIN MODES; STANDARD MODEL; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS; SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING; E(+)E(-) COLLISIONS; COLLIDER SIGNATURES; LOCALIZED GRAVITY AB The possibility that spacetime extends beyond the familiar 3 + I dimensions has intrigued physicists for a century. The consequences of a dimensionally richer spacetime would be profound. Recently, new theories with higher-dimensional spacetimes have been developed to resolve the hierarchy problem in particle physics. The distinct predictions of these scenarios allow experiment to probe the existence of extra dimensions in new ways. We review the conceptual framework of these scenarios, their implications in collider and short-range gravity experiments, and their astrophysical and cosmological effects, as well as the constraints placed on them by current data. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM hewett@slac.stanford.edu; smaria@hep.uchicago.edu NR 123 TC 143 Z9 144 U1 0 U2 2 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-8998 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 2002 VL 52 BP 397 EP 424 DI 10.1146/annurev.nucl.52.050102.090706 PG 28 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 628AY UT WOS:000179970600011 ER PT J AU Harrison, M Peggs, S Roser, T AF Harrison, M Peggs, S Roser, T TI The RHIC accelerator SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE polarized protons; relativistic heavy ion collider; superconducting magnets; transition crossing ID SPIN; RESONANCE AB This review discusses the design and initial operation of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), noting the novel features of a heavy ion collider that are distinct from conventional hadron colliders. These features reflect the experimental requirements of operation with a variety of ion species over a wide energy range, including collisions between ions of unequal energies and polarized protons. Other unique aspects of RHIC include intrabeam scattering, interaction-region error compensation, and transition crossing with a slow ramp rate. The RHIC facility has just completed the second physics run after beam commissioning in 2000. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Superconduct Magnet Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider Accelerator Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Harrison, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Superconduct Magnet Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 54 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-8998 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 2002 VL 52 BP 425 EP 469 DI 10.1146/annurev.nucl.52.050102.090650 PG 45 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 628AY UT WOS:000179970600012 ER PT J AU Tinoco, I AF Tinoco, I TI Physical chemistry of nucleic acids SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE DNA; RNA; circular dichroism; hypochromism; NMR ID DETECTED CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; RIBONUCLEIC-ACIDS; FLUORESCENCE AB The Watson-Crick double helix of DNA was first revealed in 1953. Since then a wide range of physical chemical methods have been applied to DNA and to its more versatile relative RNA to determine their structures and functions. My major goal is to predict the folded structure of any RNA from its sequence. We have used bulk and single-molecule measurements of thermodynamics and kinetics, plus various spectroscopic methods (UV absorption, optical rotation, circular dichroism, circular intensity differential scattering, fluorescence, NMR) to approach this goal. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tinoco, I (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 12 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-426X J9 ANNU REV PHYS CHEM JI Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. PY 2002 VL 53 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1146/annurev.physchem.53.082001.144341 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 563PN UT WOS:000176264900002 PM 11972000 ER PT J AU Pratt, LR AF Pratt, LR TI Molecular theory of hydrophobic effects: "She is too mean to have her name repeated." SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE aqueous solutions; biomolecular structure; statistical thermodynamics; quasichemical theory; pressure denaturation ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; DILUTE AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; SCALED-PARTICLE THEORY; STATISTICAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; DYNAMICS COMPUTER-SIMULATION; FREE-ENERGY SIMULATIONS; SOLVATION FREE-ENERGIES; SIMPLE ORGANIC SOLUTES; QUASI-CHEMICAL THEORY; HARD-SPHERE FLUID AB This paper reviews the molecular theory of hydrophobic effects relevant to biomolecular structure and assembly in aqueous solution. Recent progress has resulted in simple, validated molecular statistical thermodynamic theories and clarification of confusing theories of decades ago. Current work is resolving effects of wider variations of thermodynamic state, e.g., pressure denaturation of soluble proteins, and more exotic questions such as effects of surface chemistry in treating stability of macromolecular structures in aqueous solution. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pratt, LR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lrp@lanl.gov RI Pratt, Lawrence/H-7955-2012 OI Pratt, Lawrence/0000-0003-2351-7451 NR 236 TC 232 Z9 232 U1 3 U2 70 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-426X J9 ANNU REV PHYS CHEM JI Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. PY 2002 VL 53 BP 409 EP 436 DI 10.1146/annurev.physchem.53.090401.093500 PG 28 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 563PN UT WOS:000176264900016 PM 11972014 ER PT J AU Chen, Z Shen, YR Somorjai, GA AF Chen, Z Shen, YR Somorjai, GA TI Studies of polymer surfaces by sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE nonlinear optics; laser; surface restructuring; surface segregation; polymer blend ID SCANNING FORCE MICROSCOPY; CONTACT-ANGLE GONIOMETRY; LIQUID-LIQUID INTERFACE; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); MOLECULAR-ORIENTATION; POLYSTYRENE SURFACE; PROTEIN ADSORPTION; NONLINEAR OPTICS; STATIC SIMS; WATER AB Recently, sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy has been developed into a powerful technique to study surfaces of polymer materials. This review summarizes the significant achievements in understanding surface molecular chemical structures of polymer materials obtained by SFG. It reviews in situ detection at the molecular level of surface structures of some common polymers in air, surface segregation of small end groups, polymer surface restructuring in water, and step-wise changed polymer blend surfaces. Studies of surface glass transition and surface structures modified by rubbing, plasma deposition, UV light irradiation, oxygen ion and radical irradiation, and wet etching are also discussed. SFG probing of polymer surfaces provides valuable insights into the relations between polymer surface structures and surface properties, which will assist in the design of polymer materials with desired surface properties. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chen, Z (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM zhanc@umich.edu; shenyr@socrates.berkeley.edu; somorjai@socrates.berkeley.edu RI Chen, Zhan/G-8312-2016 OI Chen, Zhan/0000-0001-8687-8348 NR 99 TC 335 Z9 341 U1 20 U2 157 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-426X J9 ANNU REV PHYS CHEM JI Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. PY 2002 VL 53 BP 437 EP 465 DI 10.1146/annurev.physchem.53.091801.115126 PG 29 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 563PN UT WOS:000176264900017 PM 11972015 ER PT B AU Su, GJ McKeever, JW AF Su, GJ McKeever, JW GP IEEE IEEE TI Low cost sensorless control of brushless DC motors with improved speed range SO APEC 2002: SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1 AND 23 SE Annual IEEE Conference on Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition CY MAR 10-14, 2002 CL DALLAS, TX SP IEEE, Power Sources Manufacturers Assoc, PELS, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc ID DRIVE; POSITION AB This paper presents a low-cost position sensorless control scheme for brushless DC motors. Rotor position information is extracted by indirectly sensing the back EMIT from only one of the three motor-terminal voltages for a three-phase motor. Depending on the terminal voltage sensing locations, either a low-pass filter or a band-pass filter is used for position information retrieval. This leads to significant reduction in components count of the sensing circuit. Cost saving is further increased by coupling the sensing circuit with a single-chip microprocessor or digital signal processor for speed control. In addition, a look-up table correction for the non-ideal phase-delay introduced by the filter is suggested to ensure accurate position detection even at low speed. This extends the operating speed range and improves motor efficiency. Experimental results are included to verify the proposed scheme. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Su, GJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, 2360 Cherahala Blvd, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7404-5 J9 APPL POWER ELECT CO PY 2002 BP 286 EP 292 DI 10.1109/APEC.2002.989260 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BU85U UT WOS:000177210600042 ER PT S AU Eads, D Hill, D Davis, S Perkins, S Ma, JS Porter, R Theiler, J AF Eads, D Hill, D Davis, S Perkins, S Ma, JS Porter, R Theiler, J BE Bosacchi, B Fogel, DB Bezdek, JC TI Genetic algorithms and support vector machines for time series classification SO APPLICATIONS AND SCIENCE OF NEURAL NETWORKS, FUZZY SYSTEMS, AND EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications and Science of Neural Networks, Fuzzy Systems, and Evolutionary Computation V CY JUL 09-10, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE time series classification; genetic algorithm; genetic programming; support vector machines; feature selection; lightning; tornado; n-fold cross validation AB We introduce an algorithm for classifying time series data. Since our initial application is for lightning data, we call the algorithm Zeus. Zeus is a hybrid algorithm that employs evolutionary computation for feature extraction, and a support vector machine for the final "backend" classification. Support vector machines have a reputation for classifying in high-dimensional spaces without overfitting, so the utility of reducing dimensionality with an intermediate feature selection step has been questioned. We address this question by testing Zeus on a lightning classification task using data acquired from the Fast On-orbit Recording of Transient Events (FORTE) satellite. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nonproliferat & Int Secur Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Eads, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nonproliferat & Int Secur Div, MS D436, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Davis, Sean/C-9570-2011 OI Davis, Sean/0000-0001-9276-6158 NR 18 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4554-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4787 BP 74 EP 85 DI 10.1117/12.453526 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BV90L UT WOS:000180353600008 ER PT S AU Plesko, CS Brumby, SP Armstrong, JC Ginder, E Leovy, C AF Plesko, CS Brumby, SP Armstrong, JC Ginder, E Leovy, C BE Tescher, AG TI Applications of machine learning techniques in digital processing of images of the martian surface SO APPLICATIONS OF DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING XXV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications of Digital Image Processing XXV CY JUL 08-10, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE Mars; Meteorite-Craters; machine learning; feature extraction; digital image processing ID MARS GLOBAL SURVEYOR; MULTISPECTRAL IMAGERY; GENETIC ALGORITHM; RECENT VOLCANISM; CLASSIFICATION; DUNES AB NASA spacecraft have now returned many thousands of images of the surface of Mars. It is no longer practical to analyze such a large dataset by hand, while the development of handwritten feature extraction tools is expensive and laborious. This project investigates the application of machine learning techniques to problems of feature extraction and digital image processing within the Mars dataset. The Los Alamos GENIE machine learning software system uses a genetic algorithm to assemble feature extraction tools from low-level image operators. Each generated tool is evaluated against training data provided by the user. The best tools in each generation are allowed to "reproduce" to produce the next generation, and the population of tools evolves until it converges to a solution or reaches a level of performance specified by the user. Craters are one of the most scientifically interesting and most numerous features on Mars, and present a wide range of shapes at many spatial scales. We now describe results on development of crater finder algorithms using voting sets of simple classifiers evolved by a machine learning/genetic programming system (the Los Alamos GENIE software). C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Plesko, CS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci, Mail Stop D436, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Armstrong, John/0000-0003-2009-1459 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4557-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4790 BP 82 EP 91 DI 10.1117/12.453861 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV78G UT WOS:000179998100009 ER PT S AU Fann, GI Jones, DR Jurrus, ER Moon, BD Perrine, KA AF Fann, GI Jones, DR Jurrus, ER Moon, BD Perrine, KA BE Tescher, AG TI Parallel computational environment for imaging science SO APPLICATIONS OF DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING XXV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications of Digital Image Processing XXV CY JUL 08-10, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE parallel computing; grid computing; image processing; Global Arrays AB The Parallel Computational Environment for Imaging Science, PiCEIS, is an image processing code designed for efficient execution on massively parallel computers. Through effective use of the aggregate resources of such computers, PiCEIS enables much larger and more accurate production processing using existing off the shelf hardware. A goal of PiCEIS is to decrease the difficulty of writing scalable parallel programs and reduce the time to add new functionalities. In part this is accomplished by the PiCEIS architecture, its ability to easily add additional modules, and also through the use of a non-uniform memory access (NUMA) programming model based upon one-sided access to distributed shared memory. In this paper we briefly describe the PiCEIS architecture, our NUMA programming tools, and examine some typical techniques and algorithms. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Jones, DR (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4557-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4790 BP 376 EP 383 DI 10.1117/12.456709 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV78G UT WOS:000179998100039 ER PT S AU Tipton, DG Ingber, MS Brown, MJ AF Tipton, DG Ingber, MS Brown, MJ BE Brebbia, CA Melli, P Zanasi, A TI Parallel vorticity formulation for calculating lift and drag on bluff bodies in a free stream SO APPLICATIONS OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING IN ENGINEERING VII SE ADVANCES IN HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING (SERIES) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Applications of High-Performance Computing in Engineering CY 2002 CL BOLOGNA, ITALY SP Wessex Inst Technol ID CIRCULAR-CYLINDERS; ELEMENT METHOD; FLOW PAST; SIMULATION AB A parallel vorticity code is developed to study flows over bluff bodies in a free stream. The vorticity method has certain advantages over primitive variable methods for incompressible flows including a reduced equation set through the elimination of the pressure variable. However, because pressure is eliminated, the calculation of aerodynamic coefficients such as lift and drag must be performed in postprocessing. In the current research, an efficient method for recovering the pressure field locally on a body in a free stream is developed. In order to analyze large wake regions, a parallel implementation of the vorticity code is developed. The vorticity code is based on a three-step algorithm. The first step involves determining vortex sheet strengths on the surface of the body which yields Neumann boundary conditions for the vorticity equation. The second step involves determining the interior velocity field using the generalized Helmholtz decomposition representing the flow kinematics. The third step involves solving the vorticity equation. Each step requires a separate parallel strategy. The parallel efficiency of the overall algorithm is evaluated by considering the benchmark problem of flow over a cylinder. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Tipton, DG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1368-7638 BN 1-85312-924-0 J9 ADV HIGH PERF COM S PY 2002 VL 7 BP 105 EP 114 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BV88T UT WOS:000180302300011 ER PT S AU Brown, GE Sturchio, NC AF Brown, GE Sturchio, NC BE Fenter, PA Rivers, ML Sturchio, NC Sutton, SR TI An overview of synchrotron radiation applications to low temperature geochemistry and environmental science SO APPLICATIONS OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION IN LOW-TEMPERATURE GEOCHEMISTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES SE Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry LA English DT Review CT Conference on Synchrotron Applications to Low-Temperature Geochemistry and Environmental Science held at the American-Geophysical-Union Fall Meeting CY DEC 06-10, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Geophys Union ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; FINE-STRUCTURE SPECTROSCOPY; NEAR-EDGE STRUCTURE; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING CALCULATIONS; AL K-EDGE; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; GRAZING-INCIDENCE XAFS; OXIDE-WATER INTERFACE; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; SOIL HUMIC SUBSTANCES C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Brown, GE (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 915 TC 93 Z9 94 U1 5 U2 41 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 1529-6466 BN 0-9399-5061-8 J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM JI Rev. Mineral. Geochem. PY 2002 VL 49 BP 1 EP 115 DI 10.2138/gsrmg.49.1.1 PG 115 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA BW06T UT WOS:000180779900001 ER PT S AU Sham, TK Rivers, ML AF Sham, TK Rivers, ML BE Fenter, PA Rivers, ML Sturchio, NC Sutton, SR TI A brief overview of synchrotron radiation SO APPLICATIONS OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION IN LOW-TEMPERATURE GEOCHEMISTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES SE REVIEWS IN MINERALOGY & GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Synchrotron Applications to Low-Temperature Geochemistry and Environmental Science held at the American-Geophysical-Union Fall Meeting CY DEC 06-10, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Geophys Union AB The generation of synchrotron radiation from a storage ring is described with emphasis placed on aspects relevant to synchrotron radiation users. Topics include the history of synchrotron radiation, the machinery that makes a storage ring work, the dipole and the insertion device sources, the importance of storage ring energy, current and emittance, the properties of synchrotron radiation and their relevance to the study of the interaction of light with matter. C1 Univ Western Ontario, Dept Chem, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Adv Radiat Sources, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sham, TK (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Chem, Chem Bldg, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 10 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW, SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-5274 USA SN 1529-6466 BN 0-9399-5061-8 J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM PY 2002 VL 49 BP 117 EP 147 DI 10.2138/gsrmg.49.1.117 PG 31 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA BW06T UT WOS:000180779900002 ER PT S AU Fenter, PA AF Fenter, PA BE Fenter, PA Rivers, ML Sturchio, NC Sutton, SR TI X-ray reflectivity as a probe of mineral-fluid interfaces: A user guide SO APPLICATIONS OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION IN LOW-TEMPERATURE GEOCHEMISTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES SE REVIEWS IN MINERALOGY & GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Synchrotron Applications to Low-Temperature Geochemistry and Environmental Science held at the American-Geophysical-Union Fall Meeting CY DEC 06-10, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Geophys Union ID CALCITE-WATER INTERFACE; OBSERVED IN-SITU; ANGLE CALCULATIONS; RECONSTRUCTED SURFACE; DISSOLUTION KINETICS; DIFFRACTION; SCATTERING; GROWTH; LIQUID; DIFFRACTOMETER C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Fenter, PA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, ER-203, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 90 TC 93 Z9 93 U1 10 U2 47 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW, SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-5274 USA SN 1529-6466 BN 0-9399-5061-8 J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM PY 2002 VL 49 BP 149 EP 220 DI 10.2138/gsrmg.49.1.149 PG 72 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA BW06T UT WOS:000180779900003 ER PT S AU Bedzyk, MJ Cheng, LW AF Bedzyk, MJ Cheng, LW BE Fenter, PA Rivers, ML Sturchio, NC Sutton, SR TI X-ray standing wave studies of minerals and mineral surfaces: Principles and applications SO APPLICATIONS OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION IN LOW-TEMPERATURE GEOCHEMISTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES SE REVIEWS IN MINERALOGY & GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Synchrotron Applications to Low-Temperature Geochemistry and Environmental Science held at the American-Geophysical-Union Fall Meeting CY DEC 06-10, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Geophys Union ID CALCITE-WATER INTERFACE; OBSERVED IN-SITU; THIN-FILMS; ELECTROCHEMICAL INTERFACES; SYNCHROTRON RADIATION; ATOMIC-RESOLUTION; CLEAVAGE SURFACE; LATTICE LOCATION; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; TRACE-ELEMENTS C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bedzyk, MJ (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Bedzyk, Michael/B-7503-2009; Cheng, Likwan/C-1436-2013; Bedzyk, Michael/K-6903-2013 NR 82 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 3 U2 11 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW, SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-5274 USA SN 1529-6466 BN 0-9399-5061-8 J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM PY 2002 VL 49 BP 221 EP 266 DI 10.2138/gsrmg.49.1.221 PG 46 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA BW06T UT WOS:000180779900004 ER PT S AU Waychunas, GA AF Waychunas, GA BE Fenter, PA Rivers, ML Sturchio, NC Sutton, SR TI Grazing-incidence X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy SO APPLICATIONS OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION IN LOW-TEMPERATURE GEOCHEMISTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES SE REVIEWS IN MINERALOGY & GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Synchrotron Applications to Low-Temperature Geochemistry and Environmental Science held at the American-Geophysical-Union Fall Meeting CY DEC 06-10, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Geophys Union ID METAL-OXIDE SURFACES; FINE-STRUCTURE SPECTROSCOPY; NEUTRON-ACTIVATION ANALYSIS; INCIDENCE XAFS SPECTROSCOPY; TOTAL-REFLECTION; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETRY; TRACE-ELEMENTS; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; HEAVY-METALS; MULTIELEMENT DETERMINATION C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Geochem, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Waychunas, GA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Geochem, Div Earth Sci, MS 70-108B,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 116 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 15 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW, SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-5274 USA SN 1529-6466 BN 0-9399-5061-8 J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM PY 2002 VL 49 BP 267 EP 315 DI 10.2138/gsrmg.49.1.267 PG 49 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA BW06T UT WOS:000180779900005 ER PT S AU Manceau, A Marcus, MA Tamura, N AF Manceau, A Marcus, MA Tamura, N BE Fenter, PA Rivers, ML Sturchio, NC Sutton, SR TI Quantitative speciation of heavy metals in soils and sediments by synchrotron X-ray techniques SO APPLICATIONS OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION IN LOW-TEMPERATURE GEOCHEMISTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES SE Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry LA English DT Review CT Conference on Synchrotron Applications to Low-Temperature Geochemistry and Environmental Science held at the American-Geophysical-Union Fall Meeting CY DEC 06-10, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Geophys Union ID ABSORPTION-FINE-STRUCTURE; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; SMELTER-CONTAMINATED SOILS; MUSCLE REFERENCE MATERIAL; OXIDE-WATER INTERFACES; EXAFS SPECTROSCOPY; ARSENIC SPECIATION; IN-SITU; SURFACE COMPLEXATION; POLARIZED EXAFS C1 Univ Grenoble 1, LGIT, Environm Geochem Grp, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. CNRS, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Manceau, A (reprint author), Univ Grenoble 1, LGIT, Environm Geochem Grp, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. RI Beamline, FAME/G-9313-2012 NR 223 TC 260 Z9 275 U1 7 U2 95 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 1529-6466 BN 0-9399-5061-8 J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM JI Rev. Mineral. Geochem. PY 2002 VL 49 BP 341 EP 428 DI 10.2138/gsrmg.49.1.341 PG 88 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA BW06T UT WOS:000180779900007 ER PT S AU Sutton, SR Bertsch, PM Newville, M Rivers, M Lanzirotti, A Eng, P AF Sutton, SR Bertsch, PM Newville, M Rivers, M Lanzirotti, A Eng, P BE Fenter, PA Rivers, ML Sturchio, NC Sutton, SR TI Microfluorescence and microtomography analyses of heterogeneous earth and environmental materials SO APPLICATIONS OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION IN LOW-TEMPERATURE GEOCHEMISTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES SE REVIEWS IN MINERALOGY & GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Synchrotron Applications to Low-Temperature Geochemistry and Environmental Science held at the American-Geophysical-Union Fall Meeting CY DEC 06-10, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Geophys Union ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; INTERPLANETARY DUST PARTICLES; MARTIAN METEORITE ALH84001; INDIVIDUAL FLUID INCLUSION; MICRO-XANES SPECTROSCOPY; SYNCHROTRON LIGHT-SOURCE; NEAR-EDGE STRUCTURE; FLUORESCENCE MICROPROBE; OXIDATION-STATES; STRATOSPHERIC PARTICLES C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Sutton, SR (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, 5734 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 137 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 4 U2 18 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW, SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-5274 USA SN 1529-6466 BN 0-9399-5061-8 J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM PY 2002 VL 49 BP 429 EP 483 DI 10.2138/rmg.2002.49.8 PG 55 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA BW06T UT WOS:000180779900008 ER PT S AU Myneni, SCB AF Myneni, SCB BE Fenter, PA Rivers, ML Sturchio, NC Sutton, SR TI Soft X-ray spectroscopy and spectromicroscopy studies of organic molecules in the environment SO APPLICATIONS OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION IN LOW-TEMPERATURE GEOCHEMISTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES SE Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry LA English DT Review CT Conference on Synchrotron Applications to Low-Temperature Geochemistry and Environmental Science held at the American-Geophysical-Union Fall Meeting CY DEC 06-10, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Geophys Union ID ELECTRON-ENERGY-LOSS; ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; INNER-SHELL EXCITATION; NEAR-EDGE STRUCTURE; OXYGEN K-EDGE; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; STRUCTURE XANES SPECTROSCOPY; TUNICATE ASCIDIA-CERATODES; METAL-LIGAND COVALENCY; IN-SITU ANALYSIS C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Myneni, SCB (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 218 TC 100 Z9 106 U1 3 U2 25 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 1529-6466 BN 0-9399-5061-8 J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM JI Rev. Mineral. Geochem. PY 2002 VL 49 BP 485 EP 579 DI 10.2138/gsrmg.49.1.485 PG 95 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA BW06T UT WOS:000180779900009 ER PT J AU Zhou, JZ Xia, BC Treves, DS Wu, LY Marsh, TL O'Neill, RV Palumbo, AV Tiedje, JM AF Zhou, JZ Xia, BC Treves, DS Wu, LY Marsh, TL O'Neill, RV Palumbo, AV Tiedje, JM TI Spatial and resource factors influencing high microbial diversity in soil SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; BACTERIAL COMMUNITY; PCR COAMPLIFICATION; CHIMERIC MOLECULES; RDNA ANALYSIS; GENES; DNA; AMPLIFICATION; MICROORGANISMS; ENVIRONMENT AB To begin defining the key determinants that drive microbial community structure in soil, we examined 29 soil samples from four geographically distinct locations taken from the surface, vadose zone, and saturated subsurface using a small-subunit rRNA-based cloning approach. While microbial communities in low-carbon, saturated, subsurface soils showed dominance, microbial communities in low-carbon surface soils showed remarkably uniform distributions, and all species were equally abundant. Two diversity indices, the reciprocal of Simpson's index (1/D) and the log series index, effectively distinguished between the dominant and uniform diversity patterns. For example, the uniform profiles characteristic of the surface communities had diversity index values that were 2 to 3 orders of magnitude greater than those for the high-dominance, saturated, subsurface communities. In a site richer in organic carbon, microbial communities consistently, exhibited the uniform distribution pattern regardless of soil water content and depth. The uniform distribution implies that competition does not shape the structure of these microbial communities. Theoretical studies based on mathematical modeling suggested that spatial isolation could limit competition in surface soils, thereby supporting the high diversity and a uniform community structure. Carbon resource heterogeneity may explain the uniform diversity patterns observed in the high-carbon samples even in the saturated zone. Very high levels of chromium contamination (e.g., >20%) in the high-organic-matter soils did not greatly reduce the diversity. Understanding mechanisms that may control community structure, such as spatial isolation, has important implications for preservation of biodiversity, management of microbial communities for bioremediation, biocontrol of root diseases, and improved soil fertility. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Michigan State Univ, Ctr Microbial Ecol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Zhou, JZ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Palumbo, Anthony/A-4764-2011; Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011 OI Palumbo, Anthony/0000-0002-1102-3975; NR 39 TC 343 Z9 360 U1 21 U2 147 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 68 IS 1 BP 326 EP 334 DI 10.1128/AEM.68.1.326-334.2002 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 508JM UT WOS:000173085000041 PM 11772642 ER PT J AU Shvachko, YN Wang, HH Williams, JM AF Shvachko, YN Wang, HH Williams, JM TI Application of organic and copper-oxide superconductors for EPR imaging SO APPLIED MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTORS; ESR-PROBE DECORATION; FLUX-LINE-LATTICE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; GRADIENT AB A new electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) imaging method on the surface of a superconducting finite-size plate is experimentally demonstrated. The single crystals of the layered organic charge-transfer salt k-(ET)(2)Cu(NCS)(2) and copper oxide YBa2Cu3O6.95 are applied to create field gradients up to 0.5 and 5 kG/cm respectively. Surface gradient mapping at different temperatures and dc field excursions is carried out. Qualitative explanation for the gradient mechanism in terms of the inhomogencous critical state under field cycling is presented. Reconstruction of one-dimensional EPR images for model samples is presented at low temperatures. Spatial resolution of the order of I pin is experimentally reached on a standard X-band continuous-wave EPR spectrometer. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Met Phys, Ekaterinburg, Russia. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Shvachko, YN (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Met Phys, Ekaterinburg, Russia. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0937-9347 EI 1613-7507 J9 APPL MAGN RESON JI Appl. Magn. Reson. PY 2002 VL 23 IS 1 BP 19 EP 42 DI 10.1007/BF03166181 PG 24 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 615EM UT WOS:000179232900002 ER PT J AU Maryasov, AG Bowman, MK Tsvetkov, YD AF Maryasov, AG Bowman, MK Tsvetkov, YD TI Vector model of electron spin echo envelope modulation due to nuclear hyperfine and zeeman interactions SO APPLIED MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article ID ARBITRARY SPIN; RESONANCE AB The transverse electron spin magnetization of a paramagnetic center with effective spin S = 1/2 interacting with nonquadrupolar nuclei may be presented as a function of pairs of nuclei magnetization vectors which precess around the effective magnetic field directions. Each vector of the pair starts its precession perpendicular to both effective fields. The free induction decay (FID) signal is proportional to the scalar product of the vectors for nuclear spin I = 1/2. The electron spin echo (ESE) signal can be described with two pairs of magnetization vectors. The ESE shape is not equal to two back-to-back FID signals except in the absence of ESE envelope modulation. A recursion relation is obtained which allows calculation of ESE signals for larger nuclear spins in the absence of nuclear quadrupole interaction. This relation can be used to calculate the time course of the ESE signal for arbitrary nuclear spins as a function of the nuclear magnetization vectors. While this formalism allows quantitative calculation of modulation from nuclei, it also provides a qualitative means of visualizing the modulation based on simple magnetization vectors. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Chem Kinet & Combust, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Maryasov, AG (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Chem Kinet & Combust, Ulitsa Institutskaya 3, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. RI Bowman, Michael/F-4265-2011 OI Bowman, Michael/0000-0003-3464-9409 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0937-9347 EI 1613-7507 J9 APPL MAGN RESON JI Appl. Magn. Reson. PY 2002 VL 23 IS 2 BP 211 EP 233 DI 10.1007/BF03166196 PG 23 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 628ZY UT WOS:000180027000008 ER PT J AU Wind, RA Majors, PD Minard, KR Ackerman, EJ Daly, DS Holtom, GR Thrall, BD Weber, TJ AF Wind, RA Majors, PD Minard, KR Ackerman, EJ Daly, DS Holtom, GR Thrall, BD Weber, TJ TI Combined confocal and magnetic resonance microscopy SO APPLIED MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Magnetic Resonance Microscopy CY SEP, 2001 CL NOTTINGHAM, ENGLAND ID SOLENOIDAL MICROCOIL DESIGN; LIPID DROPLETS; VISIBLE LIPIDS; NMR MICROSCOPY; CELLS; SPECTROSCOPY; OOCYTES; DEATH; RAT AB Confocal fluorescence optical microscopy and magnetic resonance microscopy are each used to study live cells in a minimally invasive way. Both techniques provide complementary information. Therefore, by examining cells simultaneously with both methodologies, more detailed information is obtained than is possible with each microscope individually. In this paper two configurations of a combined confocal and magnetic resonance microscope are described. The first configuration is capable of studying large single cells or three-dimensional cell agglomerates, whereas the second configuration is designed for the investigation of monolayers of mammalian cells. In both cases the sample compartment is part of a temperature regulated perfusion system. Images obtained with the combined system are shown for Xenopus laevis oocytes, model JB6 turner spheroids, and a single layer of Chinese hamster ovary cells. Finally, potential applications of the combined microscope are discussed. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wind, RA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,Mail Stop K8-98, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0937-9347 EI 1613-7507 J9 APPL MAGN RESON JI Appl. Magn. Reson. PY 2002 VL 22 IS 2 BP 145 EP 158 DI 10.1007/BF03166099 PG 14 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 562QU UT WOS:000176211100003 ER PT J AU Beyea, SD Caprihan, A Clewett, CFM Glass, SJ AF Beyea, SD Caprihan, A Clewett, CFM Glass, SJ TI Spatially resolved adsorption isotherms of thermally polarized perfluorinated gases in yttria-stabilized tetragonal-zirconia polycrystal ceramic materials with NMR imaging SO APPLIED MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Magnetic Resonance Microscopy CY SEP, 2001 CL NOTTINGHAM, ENGLAND ID RELAXATION; DIFFUSION AB This paper presents the results obtained by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging of perfluorinated gases in mesoporous solids. NMR images of nuclear spin density as a function of gas pressure permits spatially resolved measurements that are analogous to conventional bulk Brunauer-Emmett-Teller adsorption isotherm measurements. The use of NMR imaging allows the nondestructive evaluation of macroscopic spatial variations in the underlying mesoporous structure, for materials such as partially sintered Y-TZP (yttria-stabilized tetragonal-zirconia polycrystal) ceramics. All NMR measurements were performed with octafluorocyclobutane (C4F8) gas, using only the thermal Boltzman nuclear magnetization. C1 New Mexico Resonance, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Caprihan, A (reprint author), New Mexico Resonance, 2301 Yale Blvd SE,Suite C-1, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0937-9347 EI 1613-7507 J9 APPL MAGN RESON JI Appl. Magn. Reson. PY 2002 VL 22 IS 2 BP 175 EP 186 DI 10.1007/BF03166101 PG 12 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 562QU UT WOS:000176211100005 ER PT S AU von Laszewski, G AF von Laszewski, G BE Fagerholm, J Haataja, J Jarvinen, J Lyly, M Raback, P Savolainen, V TI Grid computing: Enabling a vision for collaborative research SO APPLIED PARALLEL COMPUTING: ADVANCED SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Applied Parallel Computing CY JUN 15-18, 2002 CL ESPOO, FINLAND SP IBM, Acad Finland, City Espoo, WM data Ltd, SAS, Springer Verlag ID INFRASTRUCTURE; SCIENCE AB In this paper we provide a motivation for Grid computing based on a vision to enable a collaborative research environment. Our vision goes beyond the connection of hardware resources. We argue that with an infrastructure such as the Grid, new modalities for collaborative research are enabled. We provide an overview showing why Grid research is difficult, and we present a number of management-related issues that must be addressed to make Grids a reality. We list projects that provide solutions to subsets of these issues. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP von Laszewski, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI von Laszewski, Gregor/C-2808-2012 OI von Laszewski, Gregor/0000-0001-9558-179X NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-43786-X J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2367 BP 37 EP 52 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BW57R UT WOS:000182460300004 ER PT S AU von Laszewski, G AF von Laszewski, G BE Fagerholm, J Haataja, J Jarvinen, J Lyly, M Raback, P Savolainen, V TI Grid computing: Enabling a vision for collaborative research SO APPLIED PARALLEL COMPUTING: ADVANCED SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Applied Parallel Computing CY JUN 15-18, 2002 CL ESPOO, FINLAND SP IBM, Acad Finland, City Espoo, WM data Ltd, SAS, Springer Verlag ID INFRASTRUCTURE AB In this paper we provide a motivation for Grid computing based on a vision to enable a collaborative research environment. Our vision goes beyond the connection of hardware resources. We argue that with an infrastructure such as the Grid, new modalities for collaborative research are enabled. We provide an overview showing why Grid research is difficult, and we present a number of management-related issues that must be addressed to make Grids a reality. We list projects that provide solutions to subsets of these issues. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP von Laszewski, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI von Laszewski, Gregor/C-2808-2012 OI von Laszewski, Gregor/0000-0001-9558-179X NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-43786-X J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2367 BP 37 EP 52 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BV79P UT WOS:000180068100004 ER PT J AU Wray, WO Aida, T Dyer, RB AF Wray, WO Aida, T Dyer, RB TI Photoacoustic cavitation and heat transfer effects in the laser-induced temperature jump in water SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED BREAKDOWN THRESHOLDS; FIRST-ORDER MODEL; OPTICAL-BREAKDOWN; AQUEOUS-MEDIA; PLASMA FORMATION; FAST EVENTS; NANOSECOND; DYNAMICS; BUBBLE; PICOSECOND AB The finite element method is employed to analyze photoacoustic cavitation and heat transfer occurring when modest temperature jumps (T-jumps) are induced by a laser in D2O solution, which may contain a small concentration of a protein or peptide sample. Cavitation can be initiated through a photoacoustic mechanism at intensities well below optical breakdown thresholds. Cavitation probability is related to test medium properties, initial temperature, T-jump magnitude and test region geometry. Parameters affecting thermal conduction losses are also examined because such losses limit the useful duration of the T-jump induced in protein folding experiments. From this study, guidelines are offered for reducing the occurrence of cavitation and extending the useful duration of the T-jump. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dyer, RB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Mail Stop J586, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 47 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 20 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 74 IS 1 BP 57 EP 66 DI 10.1007/s003400100752 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 509WC UT WOS:000173171900010 ER PT J AU Morel, J Clark, D AF Morel, J Clark, D CA ESARDA WG NDA Members TI Influence of nuclear data on uranium enrichment results obtained by XK alpha spectral region analysis SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and Its Application (ICRM 2001) CY MAY 14-18, 2001 CL PHYS TECH BUNDESANSTALT, BRAUNSCHWEIG, GERMANY HO PHYS TECH BUNDESANSTALT AB During the recent international uranium exercise organized by the ESARDA NDA Working Group, several participants determined the uranium enrichment of samples using methods based on-analysis of the XKalpha region of the uranium spectrum. For these methods, no calibration with known enrichment standards is required but accurate knowledge of nuclear data is needed. Despite this requirement, it appeared that during the exercise, four different sets of nuclear data were used by the participants. In view of this fact, it was decided to introduce these nuclear data sets into some computer codes in order to check their effects on the enrichment results. Two participants agreed to cooperate, and the main results of this test are presented here. It can be seen that three nuclear data sets, although different, give satisfactory results with no significant bias. Nevertheless, a more accurate characterization of X- and gamma-ray emission from U-235, U-238 and their daughters appears necessary. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CEA Saclay, Lab Natl Henri Becquerel, DRT, DIMRI,BNM LNHB, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Morel, J (reprint author), CEA Saclay, Lab Natl Henri Becquerel, DRT, DIMRI,BNM LNHB, BP 52, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 56 IS 1-2 BP 85 EP 91 DI 10.1016/S0969-8043(01)00171-3 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 518NK UT WOS:000173674600015 PM 11839063 ER PT J AU Berg, JM Rau, KC Veirs, DK Worl, LA McFarlan, JT Hill, DD AF Berg, JM Rau, KC Veirs, DK Worl, LA McFarlan, JT Hill, DD TI Performance of fiber-optic Raman probes for analysis of gas mixtures in enclosures SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Raman; fiber-optic probe; gas analysis ID WATER-VAPOR; LIDAR; SPECTROSCOPY; ATMOSPHERE; AEROSOLS; DESIGNS; SENSORS; SYSTEM AB The feasibility of using fiber-optic Raman probes to identify and quantify gases in enclosures is investigated by measuring and comparing detection thresholds using several probe and enclosure designs. Unfiltered, non-imaging, fiber-optic probes are shown to achieve lower detection thresholds than a filtered, imaging, fiberoptic probe, provided that light scattering within the sample enclosure is minimized and provided that a window is not used between the probe and the analyte gas. Achievable thresholds for hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and methane in gas mixtures are demonstrated to be below 1 kPa with ten seconds signal acquisition and 0.1 kPa with twenty minutes signal acquisition with the use of 0.4 W of 532-nm excitation. Ambient carbon dioxide in air (.03 kPa) is shown to be detectable in a twenty minute acquisition, and ambient water vapor is well above the detection threshold. Background signals generated within the optical fibers remain the principal factors limiting detection thresholds. Factors affecting the magnitudes of these signals reaching the detector are investigated and discussed. A flat piece of light-absorbing colored glass tilted to direct reflected light away from the fiber-optic probe performs well as a beam stop to reduce background signal in a simple, cylindrical sample enclosure. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Berg, JM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 11 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 56 IS 1 BP 83 EP 90 DI 10.1366/0003702021954250 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 523HA UT WOS:000173946900013 ER PT J AU Fair, JM Ricklefs, RE AF Fair, JM Ricklefs, RE TI Physiological, growth, and immune responses of Japanese quail chicks to the multiple stressors of immunological challenge and lead shot SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID KESTRELS FALCO-SPARVERIUS; CELL-MEDIATED-IMMUNITY; FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY; DEVELOPMENTAL STABILITY; INGESTED LEAD; ANTIBODY; INDICATOR; PATTERNS; TOXICITY; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION AB Exposure to the combination of a contaminant and an immunological challenge during development may greatly increase the impact of either or both of these stressors on an individual. This study investigated the interacting effects of a nonpathogenic immunological challenge and lead shot exposure early in the development of a precocial species. Seventy-one quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) chicks orally received either one #9 lead shot (0.05 g), four lead shots (0.2 g), or no lead at the age of 8 days. A third of each of these groups of chicks were intraperitoneally injected with either 0.075 nil of 10% chukar Alectoris graeca red blood cells (CRBCs), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), or a placebo oil vaccine at 13 and 35 days of age. There was no difference in the survival between any of the lead or antigen treatment groups. Lead concentrations in blood were greater for the lead-dosed groups on day 49 but not on day 128. Growth curves were approximated by Weibull functions; growth parameters did not differ between lead-treated and antigen-treated birds. CRBC antigen increases fluctuating asymmetry (FA) for primary feather five, while NDV reduced FA. Lead did not affect antibody production or cell-mediated immune response. White blood cell numbers increased 7 days after antigen injection on days 27 and 49 of age. Granulocyte numbers were significantly higher for the lead-treated quail than the control quail, and both antigen-treated groups had lower granulocyte numbers than control quail. The treatment groups of combining NDV and lead shot had an average plasma protein 14% lower than other groups. Lead shot in the highest of these doses lowered asymptotic weights, increased hematocrits, lowered plasma protein, and increased granulocyte numbers of quail. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. RP Fair, JM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, EES-10,MS J495, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 61 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 42 IS 1 BP 77 EP 87 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 496RD UT WOS:000172409000011 PM 11706371 ER PT S AU Kakadiaris, IA Papadakis, E Shen, LX Kouri, D Hoffman, D AF Kakadiaris, IA Papadakis, E Shen, LX Kouri, D Hoffman, D BE Perales, FJ Hancock, ER TI g-HDAF multiresolution deformable models SO ARTICULATED MOTION AND DEFORMABLE OBJECTS, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Articulated Motion and Deformable Objects CY NOV 21-23, 2002 CL PALMA, SPAIN SP Int Assoc Pattern Recognit, European Commiss, Human Potential Programme, Minist Ciencia Tecnol Spainish Gov, Univ Illes Baleavs, Math & Comp Sci, Conseller Innovacio Energ, Spanish Assoc Pattern Recognit & Image Analysis ID WAVELETS; SHAPE AB In this paper, we construct a new class of deformable models using a new family of biorthogonal wavelets, named generalized Hermite Distributed Approximating Ftinctional (g-HDAF) Wavelets. The scaling functions of this new family are symmetric and the corresponding wavelets optimize their smoothness for a given number of vanishing moments. In addition, we embed these multiresolution deformable models to the physics-based deformable model framework and use them for fitting 3D range data. We have performed a number of experiments with both synthetic and real data with very encouraging results. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Comp Sci, Comp Vis Lab, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Math, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kakadiaris, IA (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Comp Sci, Comp Vis Lab, Houston, TX 77204 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-00149-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2492 BP 21 EP 31 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BW67S UT WOS:000182802000002 ER PT S AU Hurd, J Brown, CM Bartlett, J Krietz, P Paris, G AF Hurd, J Brown, CM Bartlett, J Krietz, P Paris, G BE Toms, EG TI The role of "unpublished" research in the scholarly communication of scientists: Digital preprints and bioinformation databases - Sponsored by SIG STI, SIG BIO, SIG PUB SO ASIST 2002: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 65TH ASIST ANNUAL MEETING, VOL 39, 2002 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASIST ANNUAL MEETING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 65th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Information-Science-and-Technology CY NOV 18-21, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP Amer Soc Informat Sci & Technol AB The advent of the Internet has stimulated the emergence of novel methods of scientific discourse that have the potential to alter traditional communication channels. On a larger scale, new digital information resources have the capacity to change both the way scientists work and the core of scientific knowledge. Historically the hallmark of scientific communication has been the publication of research findings in a peer-reviewed journal. On its route to the journal, the research may be communicated in many other forms, including conference proceedings, technical reports, and preprints. Recently, models of scientific communication have been updated to include electronic submission of manuscripts, virtual conferences, e-mail, and online journal publication. In fact, electronic preprints have become a primary mode of information dissemination in physics and astronomy. In contrast, biomedical scientists are reluctant to accept the electronic preprint as a viable mode for their scholarly communication due to the lack of peer-review and the uncertain permanence of electronic storage. These same scientists, however, are willing to share their DNA and protein sequence data by depositing it in a variety of the more than 200 publicly available web-based databases including GenBank and the EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Database. The panelists in this session will discuss the current and potential impact of these large, dynamic, yet not peer-reviewed, information warehouses on the scholarly communication of scientific researchers. Their insights will provide a fresh prospective on the ways scientists in a range of disciplines are coping with the 21(st) century digital information flood. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Sch Lib & Informat Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Univ Illinois, Univ Lib, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Toronto, Fac Informat Studies, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Tech Informat Serv, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Novartis Inst Biomed Res, Summit, NJ 07901 USA. RP Hurd, J (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Lib & Informat Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU INFORMATION TODAY INC PI MEDFORD PA 143 OLD MARLTON PIKE, MEDFORD, NJ 08055 USA SN 0044-7870 BN 1-57387-167-2 J9 P ASIST ANNU PY 2002 VL 39 BP 452 EP 453 DI 10.1002/meet.1450390153 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues GA BV87V UT WOS:000180277800053 ER PT S AU Chen, CM McCain, K Boyack, KW Lin, X Morris, SA AF Chen, CM McCain, K Boyack, KW Lin, X Morris, SA BE Toms, EG TI Mapping the knowledge SO ASIST 2002: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 65TH ASIST ANNUAL MEETING, VOL 39, 2002 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASIST ANNUAL MEETING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 65th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Information-Science-and-Technology CY NOV 18-21, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP Amer Soc Informat Sci & Technol AB This technical panel session alms to bring together researchers and practitioners who are interested in exploiting quantitative and qualitative approaches to tracking and visualizing the development of science and technology, with special emphasis on the potential of information visualization techniques. The aim is to bring home some issues that have been the central concern of information scientists so as to promote cross-disciplinary communications on topics such as scholarly communication, science studies, and knowledge discovery and information visualization. C1 Drexel Univ, Coll Informat Sci & Technol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Chen, CM (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Coll Informat Sci & Technol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RI Chen, Chaomei/A-1252-2007; Lin, Xia/A-9019-2009 OI Chen, Chaomei/0000-0001-8584-1041; Lin, Xia/0000-0002-6749-5218 NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU INFORMATION TODAY INC PI MEDFORD PA 143 OLD MARLTON PIKE, MEDFORD, NJ 08055 USA SN 0044-7870 BN 1-57387-167-2 J9 P ASIST ANNU PY 2002 VL 39 BP 511 EP 512 DI 10.1002/meet.1450390188 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues GA BV87V UT WOS:000180277800088 ER PT S AU Borozdin, K Brumby, S Galassi, M McGowan, K Starr, D Vestrand, WT White, R Wozniak, P Wren, J AF Borozdin, K Brumby, S Galassi, M McGowan, K Starr, D Vestrand, WT White, R Wozniak, P Wren, J BE Starck, JL Murtagh, FD TI Real-time detection of optical transients with RAPTOR SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis II CY AUG 27-28, 2002 CL WAIKOLOA, HI SP SPIE, Int Commiss Opt, Amer Astron Soc, European SO Observ, Int Astron Union DE optical transients; data mining; real-time software pipeline; robotic telescopes ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; ALL-SKY AB Fast variability of optical objects is an interesting though poorly explored subject in modern astronomy. Real-time data processing and identification of transient celestial events in the images is very important for such study as it allows rapid follow-up with more sensitive instruments. We discuss an approach which we have developed for the RAPTOR project, a pioneering closed-loop system combining real-time transient detection with rapid follow-up. RAPTOR's data processing pipeline is able to identify and localize an optical transient within seconds after the observation. The testing we performed so far have been confirming the effectiveness of our method for the optical transient detection. The software pipeline we have developed for RAPTOR can easily be applied to the data from other experiments. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Borozdin, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4626-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4847 BP 344 EP 353 DI 10.1117/12.461102 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BW03E UT WOS:000180673000034 ER PT B AU Foster, I AF Foster, I BE Bohlender, DA Durand, D Handley, TH TI Grid technologies and applications: Architecture and achievements SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS XI SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual Conference for Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 2001 CL VICTORIA, CANADA SP Natl Res Council Canada, CADC, NCSA, Natl Radio Astron Observ, Canadian France Hawaii Telescope Corp, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Natl Opt Astron Observ, IPAC, Space Telescope Sci Inst AB The years 2000 and 2001 have seen significant advances in Grid computing. While in early 2000, Grid computing was a novel concept that most scientists were being exposed to for the first time, we now see considerable consensus on Grid architecture, a solid and widely adopted technology base, major funding initiatives, a wide variety of projects developing applications and technologies, and major deployment projects aimed at creating robust Grid infrastructures. I provide a summary of major developments and trends, focusing on the Glob-as open source Grid software project and the GriPhyN data grid project. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Foster, I (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-124-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2002 VL 281 BP 11 EP 19 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BW17P UT WOS:000181074700003 ER PT J AU Kim, RSJ Kepner, JV Postman, M Strauss, MA Bahcall, NA Gunn, JE Lupton, RH Annis, J Nichol, RC Castander, FJ Brinkmann, J Brunner, RJ Connolly, A Csabai, I Hindsley, RB Ivezic, Z Vogeley, MS York, DG AF Kim, RSJ Kepner, JV Postman, M Strauss, MA Bahcall, NA Gunn, JE Lupton, RH Annis, J Nichol, RC Castander, FJ Brinkmann, J Brunner, RJ Connolly, A Csabai, I Hindsley, RB Ivezic, Z Vogeley, MS York, DG TI Detecting clusters of galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. I. Monte Carlo comparison of cluster detection algorithms SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; galaxies : clusters : general; large-scale structure of universe; methods : data analysis ID MORPHOLOGY-DENSITY RELATION; COLOR-MAGNITUDE RELATION; ESO IMAGING SURVEY; RICH CLUSTERS; ABELL CLUSTERS; DISTANT CLUSTERS; REDSHIFT SURVEY; MATCHED-FILTER; EVOLUTION; UNIVERSE AB We present a comparison of three cluster-finding algorithms from imaging data using Monte Carlo simulations of clusters embedded in a 25 deg(2) region of Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) imaging data: the matched filter (MF; Postman et al., published in 1996), the adaptive matched filter (AMF; Kepner et al., published in 1999), and a color-magnitude filtered Voronoi tessellation technique (VTT). Among the two matched filters, we find that the MF is more efficient in detecting faint clusters, whereas the AMF evaluates the redshifts and richnesses more accurately, therefore suggesting a hybrid method (HMF) that combines the two. The HMF outperforms the VTT when using a background that is uniform, but it is more sensitive to the presence of a nonuniform galaxy background than is the VTT; this is due to the assumption of a uniform background in the HMF model. We thus find that for the detection thresholds we determine to be appropriate for the SDSS data, the performance of both algorithms are similar; we present the selection function for each method evaluated with these thresholds as a function of redshift and richness. For simulated clusters generated with a Schechter luminosity function ( M-r* = -21.5 and alpha = 1.1), both algorithms are complete for Abell richness greater than or similar to1 clusters up to z similar to 4 for a sample magnitude limited to r = 21. While the cluster parameter evaluation shows a mild correlation with the local background density, the detection efficiency is not significantly affected by the background fluctuations, unlike previous shallower surveys. C1 Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Chile, Santiago, Chile. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Chicago, Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Kim, RSJ (reprint author), Princeton Univ Observ, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; OI Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898; Postman, Marc/0000-0002-9365-7989 NR 87 TC 102 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 123 IS 1 BP 20 EP 36 DI 10.1086/324727 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 520EJ UT WOS:000173767400003 ER PT J AU Szkody, P Anderson, SF Agueros, M Covarrubias, R Bentz, M Hawley, S Margon, B Voges, W Henden, A Knapp, GR Vanden Berk, DE Rest, A Miknaitis, G Magnier, E Brinkmann, J Csabai, I Harvanek, M Hindsley, R Hennessy, G Ivezic, Z Kleinman, SJ Lamb, DQ Long, D Newman, PR Neilsen, EH Nichol, RC Nitta, A Schneider, DP Snedden, SA York, DG AF Szkody, P Anderson, SF Agueros, M Covarrubias, R Bentz, M Hawley, S Margon, B Voges, W Henden, A Knapp, GR Vanden Berk, DE Rest, A Miknaitis, G Magnier, E Brinkmann, J Csabai, I Harvanek, M Hindsley, R Hennessy, G Ivezic, Z Kleinman, SJ Lamb, DQ Long, D Newman, PR Neilsen, EH Nichol, RC Nitta, A Schneider, DP Snedden, SA York, DG TI Cataclysmic variables from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. I. The first results SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE novae, cataclysmic variables; techniques : photometric; techniques : spectroscopic ID DWARF NOVA; X-RAY; OBJECTS; SYSTEM; PERIOD; STAR AB The commissioning year of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) has demonstrated that many cataclysmic variables (CVs) have been missed in previous surveys with brighter limits. We report the identification of 22 CVs, of which 19 are new discoveries and three are known systems ( SW UMa, BH Lyn, and OU Vir). A compendium of positions, colors, and characteristics of these systems obtained from the SDSS photometry and spectroscopy is presented, along with data obtained during follow-up studies with the Apache Point Observatory and Manastash Ridge Observatory telescopes. We have determined orbital periods for three of the new systems, two show dwarf nova outbursts, and the third is a likely magnetic system with eclipses of its region of line emission. Based on these results, we expect the completed survey to locate at least 400 new CVs. Most of these will be faint systems with low accretion rates that will provide new constraints on binary evolution models. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. USN Observ, Univ Space Res Assoc, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Szkody, P (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Margon, Bruce/B-5913-2012; Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; Agueros, Marcel/K-7998-2014; OI Agueros, Marcel/0000-0001-7077-3664; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898 NR 29 TC 124 Z9 124 U1 3 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 123 IS 1 BP 430 EP 442 DI 10.1086/324734 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 520EJ UT WOS:000173767400033 ER PT J AU Stoughton, C Lupton, RH Bernardi, M Blanton, MR Burles, S Castander, FJ Connolly, AJ Eisenstein, DJ Frieman, JA Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Ivezic, Z Kent, S Kunszt, PZ Lee, BC Meiksin, A Munn, JA Newberg, HJ Nichol, RC Nicinski, T Pier, JR Richards, GT Richmond, MW Schlegel, DJ Smith, JA Strauss, MA SubbaRao, M Szalay, AS Thakar, AR Tucker, DL Vanden Berk, DE Yanny, B Adelman, JK Anderson, JE Anderson, SF Annis, J Bahcall, NA Bakken, JA Bartelmann, M Bastian, S Bauer, A Berman, E Bohringer, H Boroski, WN Bracker, S Briegel, C Briggs, JW Brinkmann, J Brunner, R Carey, L Carr, MA Chen, B Christian, D Colestock, PL Crocker, JH Csabai, IN Czarapata, PC Dalcanton, J Davidsen, AF Davis, JE Dehnen, W Dodelson, S Doi, M Dombeck, T Donahue, M Ellman, N Elms, BR Evans, ML Eyer, L Fan, XH Federwitz, GR Friedman, S Fukugita, M Gal, R Gillespie, B Glazebrook, K Gray, J Grebel, EK Greenawalt, B Greene, G Gunn, JE de Haas, E Haiman, Z Haldeman, M Hall, PB Hamabe, M Hansen, B Harris, FH Harris, H Harvanek, M Hawley, SL Hayes, JJE Heckman, TM Helmi, A Henden, A Hogan, CJ Hogg, DW Holmgren, DJ Holtzman, J Huang, CH Hull, C Ichikawa, SI Ichikawa, T Johnston, DE Kauffmann, G Kim, RSJ Kimball, T Kinney, E Klaene, M Kleinman, SJ Klypin, A Knapp, GR Korienek, J Krolik, J Kron, RG Krzesinski, J Lamb, DQ Leger, RF Limmongkol, S Lindenmeyer, C Long, DC Loomis, C Loveday, J MacKinnon, B Mannery, EJ Mantsch, PM Margon, B McG'hee, P Mckay, TA McLean, B Menou, K Merelli, A Mo, HJ Monet, DG Nakamura, O Narayanan, VK Nash, T Neilsen, EH Newman, PR Nitta, A Odenkirchen, M Okada, N Okamura, S Ostriker, JP Owen, R Pauls, AG Peoples, J Peterson, RS Petravick, D Pope, A Pordes, R Postman, M Prosapio, A Quinn, TR Rechenmacher, R Rivetta, CH Rix, HW Rockosi, CM Rosner, R Ruthmansdorfer, K Sandford, D Schneider, DP Scranton, R Sekiguchi, M Sergey, G Sheth, R Shimasaku, K Smee, S Snedden, SA Stebbins, A Stubbs, C Szapudi, I Szkody, P Szokoly, GP Tabachnik, S Tsvetanov, Z Uomoto, A Vogeley, MS Voges, W Waddell, P Walterbos, R Wang, SI Watanabe, M Weinberg, DH White, RL White, SDM Wilhite, B Wolfe, D Yasuda, N York, DG Zehavi, I Zheng, W AF Stoughton, C Lupton, RH Bernardi, M Blanton, MR Burles, S Castander, FJ Connolly, AJ Eisenstein, DJ Frieman, JA Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Ivezic, Z Kent, S Kunszt, PZ Lee, BC Meiksin, A Munn, JA Newberg, HJ Nichol, RC Nicinski, T Pier, JR Richards, GT Richmond, MW Schlegel, DJ Smith, JA Strauss, MA SubbaRao, M Szalay, AS Thakar, AR Tucker, DL Vanden Berk, DE Yanny, B Adelman, JK Anderson, JE Anderson, SF Annis, J Bahcall, NA Bakken, JA Bartelmann, M Bastian, S Bauer, A Berman, E Bohringer, H Boroski, WN Bracker, S Briegel, C Briggs, JW Brinkmann, J Brunner, R Carey, L Carr, MA Chen, B Christian, D Colestock, PL Crocker, JH Csabai, IN Czarapata, PC Dalcanton, J Davidsen, AF Davis, JE Dehnen, W Dodelson, S Doi, M Dombeck, T Donahue, M Ellman, N Elms, BR Evans, ML Eyer, L Fan, XH Federwitz, GR Friedman, S Fukugita, M Gal, R Gillespie, B Glazebrook, K Gray, J Grebel, EK Greenawalt, B Greene, G Gunn, JE de Haas, E Haiman, Z Haldeman, M Hall, PB Hamabe, M Hansen, B Harris, FH Harris, H Harvanek, M Hawley, SL Hayes, JJE Heckman, TM Helmi, A Henden, A Hogan, CJ Hogg, DW Holmgren, DJ Holtzman, J Huang, CH Hull, C Ichikawa, SI Ichikawa, T Johnston, DE Kauffmann, G Kim, RSJ Kimball, T Kinney, E Klaene, M Kleinman, SJ Klypin, A Knapp, GR Korienek, J Krolik, J Kron, RG Krzesinski, J Lamb, DQ Leger, RF Limmongkol, S Lindenmeyer, C Long, DC Loomis, C Loveday, J MacKinnon, B Mannery, EJ Mantsch, PM Margon, B McG'hee, P Mckay, TA McLean, B Menou, K Merelli, A Mo, HJ Monet, DG Nakamura, O Narayanan, VK Nash, T Neilsen, EH Newman, PR Nitta, A Odenkirchen, M Okada, N Okamura, S Ostriker, JP Owen, R Pauls, AG Peoples, J Peterson, RS Petravick, D Pope, A Pordes, R Postman, M Prosapio, A Quinn, TR Rechenmacher, R Rivetta, CH Rix, HW Rockosi, CM Rosner, R Ruthmansdorfer, K Sandford, D Schneider, DP Scranton, R Sekiguchi, M Sergey, G Sheth, R Shimasaku, K Smee, S Snedden, SA Stebbins, A Stubbs, C Szapudi, I Szkody, P Szokoly, GP Tabachnik, S Tsvetanov, Z Uomoto, A Vogeley, MS Voges, W Waddell, P Walterbos, R Wang, SI Watanabe, M Weinberg, DH White, RL White, SDM Wilhite, B Wolfe, D Yasuda, N York, DG Zehavi, I Zheng, W TI Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Early data release SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atlases; catalogs; surveys ID SURVEY COMMISSIONING DATA; SURVEY PHOTOMETRIC SYSTEM; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; GALAXY REDSHIFTS; MILKY-WAY; QUASARS; STARS; SDSS; CATALOG; SPECTRA AB The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) is an imaging and spectroscopic survey that will eventually cover approximately one-quarter of the celestial sphere and collect spectra of 10 6 galaxies, 100,000 quasars, 30,000 stars, and 30,000 serendipity targets. In 2001 June, the SDSS released to the general astronomical community its early data release, roughly 462 deg(2) of imaging data including almost 14 million detected objects and 54,008 follow-up spectra. The imaging data were collected in drift-scan mode in five bandpasses (u, g, r, i, and z); our 95% completeness limits for stars are 22.0, 22.2, 22.2, 21.3, and 20.5, respectively. The photometric calibration is reproducible to 5%, 3%, 3%, 3%, and 5%, respectively. The spectra are flux- and wavelength-calibrated, with 4096 pixels from 3800 to 9200 Angstrom at R approximate to 1800. We present the means by which these data are distributed to the astronomical community, descriptions of the hardware used to obtain the data, the software used for processing the data, the measured quantities for each observed object, and an overview of the properties of this data set. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Royal Observ, Astron Inst, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. Lucent Technol, Naperville, IL 60566 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys & Astron, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Phys, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Tokyo, Inst Astron, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Res Ctr Early Universe, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. Natl Astron Observ, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. Tokai Univ, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. Microsoft Res, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. Japan Womens Univ, Dept Math & Phys Sci, Tokyo 1128681, Japan. Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Inst Astrophys & Computat Sci, Washington, DC 20064 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Observ Carnegie Inst Washington, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. Tohoku Univ, Inst Astron, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Akad Pedagog Krakowie, Observ Astron Suhorze, PL-30084 Krakow, Poland. Univ Sussex, Ctr Astron, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. Merrill Lynch Japan Inc, Tokyo 100, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Astron, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Chicago, Yerkes Observ, Williams Bay, WI 53191 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Stoughton, C (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Donahue, Megan/B-5361-2012; Margon, Bruce/B-5913-2012; Stubbs, Christopher/C-2829-2012; Yasuda, Naoki/A-4355-2011; Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; Bartelmann, Matthias/A-5336-2014; Glazebrook, Karl/N-3488-2015; Mo, Houjun/P-7811-2015; OI /0000-0002-1891-3794; Hogg, David/0000-0003-2866-9403; Christian, Damian/0000-0003-1746-3020; Smith, J. Allyn/0000-0002-6261-4601; Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729; Meiksin, Avery/0000-0002-5451-9057; Stubbs, Christopher/0000-0003-0347-1724; Kunszt, Peter/0000-0003-0933-4763; McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Glazebrook, Karl/0000-0002-3254-9044; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898 NR 62 TC 1724 Z9 1738 U1 4 U2 37 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 123 IS 1 BP 485 EP 548 DI 10.1086/324741 PG 64 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 520EJ UT WOS:000173767400039 ER PT J AU Vauclair, G Moskalik, P Pfeiffer, B Chevreton, M Dolez, N Serre, B Kleinman, SJ Barstow, M Sansom, AE Solheim, JE Belmonte, JA Kawaler, SD Kepler, SO Kanaan, A Giovannini, O Winget, DE Watson, TK Nather, RE Clemens, JC Provencal, J Dixson, JS Yanagida, K Kleinman, AN Montgomery, M Klumpe, EW Bruvold, A O'Brien, MS Hansen, CJ Grauer, AD Bradley, PA Wood, MA Achilleos, N Jiang, SY Fu, JN Marar, TMK Ashoka, BN Meistas, EG Chernyshev, AV Mazeh, T Leibowitz, E Hemar, S Krzesinski, J Pajdosz, G Zola, S AF Vauclair, G Moskalik, P Pfeiffer, B Chevreton, M Dolez, N Serre, B Kleinman, SJ Barstow, M Sansom, AE Solheim, JE Belmonte, JA Kawaler, SD Kepler, SO Kanaan, A Giovannini, O Winget, DE Watson, TK Nather, RE Clemens, JC Provencal, J Dixson, JS Yanagida, K Kleinman, AN Montgomery, M Klumpe, EW Bruvold, A O'Brien, MS Hansen, CJ Grauer, AD Bradley, PA Wood, MA Achilleos, N Jiang, SY Fu, JN Marar, TMK Ashoka, BN Meistas, EG Chernyshev, AV Mazeh, T Leibowitz, E Hemar, S Krzesinski, J Pajdosz, G Zola, S TI Asteroseismology of RXJ 2117+3412, the hottest pulsating PG 1159 star SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : fundamental parameters; stars : individual (RXJ 2117+3412); stars : oscillations ID WHOLE EARTH TELESCOPE; PG 1159 STARS; NONRADIAL INSTABILITY STRIPS; HOT WHITE-DWARFS; ZZ-CETI STARS; MASS-LOSS; PLANETARY-NEBULAE; EVOLVED STARS; X-RAY; DISCOVERY AB The pulsating PG 1159 planetary nebula central star RXJ 2117+3412 has been observed over three successive seasons of a multisite photometric campaign. The asteroseismological analysis of the data, based on the 37 identified l = 1 modes among the 48 independent pulsation frequencies detected in the power spectrum, leads to the derivation of the rotational splitting, the period spacing and the mode trapping cycle and amplitude, from which a number of fundamental parameters can be deduced. The average rotation period is 1.16 +/- 0.05 days. The trend for the rotational splitting to decrease with increasing periods is incompatible with a solid body rotation. The total mass is 0.56(-0.04)(+0.02) M. and the He-rich envelope mass fraction is in the range 0.013-0.078 M(*). The luminosity derived from asteroseismology is log(L/L.) = 4.05(-0.32)(+0.23) and the distance 760(-235)(+230) pc. At such a distance, the linear size of the planetary nebulae is 2.9 +/- 0.9 pc. The role of mass loss on the excitation mechanism and its consequence on the amplitude variations is discussed. C1 Univ Toulouse 3, Observ Midi Pyrenees, CNRS, UMR5572, F-31400 Toulouse, France. Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. Observ Paris, DAEC, F-92195 Meudon, France. Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38200 San Cristobal la Laguna, Spain. Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Inst Fis, BR-91501900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Univ Arkansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Siding Spring Observ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. Australian Natl Univ, Dept Math, Canberra, ACT, Australia. Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Astron Observ, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China. Indian Space Res Org, Bangalore 560017, Karnataka, India. Inst Theoret Phys & Astron, LT-2600 Vilnius, Lithuania. Astron Inst, Tashkent 700052, Uzbekistan. Tel Aviv Univ, Wise Observ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Cracow Pedagog Univ, Mt Suhora Observ, PL-30084 Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. Apachie Pt Observ, Sloan Digital Sky Survey, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Tromso, Dept Phys, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Fis, BR-88040900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Florida Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Space Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. Florida Inst Technol, SARA Observ, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Vauclair, G (reprint author), Univ Toulouse 3, Observ Midi Pyrenees, CNRS, UMR5572, 14 Av E Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France. EM gerardv@obs-mip.fr RI Achilleos, Nicholas/C-1647-2008; Kepler, S. O. /H-5901-2012; OI Kepler, S. O. /0000-0002-7470-5703; Kawaler, Steven/0000-0002-6536-6367; Achilleos, Nicholas/0000-0002-5886-3509 NR 69 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 381 IS 1 BP 122 EP 150 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20011483 PG 29 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 503GQ UT WOS:000172791100020 ER PT J AU Gouliermis, D Keller, SC de Boer, KS Kontizas, M Kontizas, E AF Gouliermis, D Keller, SC de Boer, KS Kontizas, M Kontizas, E TI Three stellar associations and their field east of LMC 4 in the Large Magellanic Cloud SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Magellanic Clouds; stars : emission-line, Be; formation; C-M diagrams; luminosity function, mass function; HII regions; ISM : individual objects : DEM L 251, DEM L 252 open clusters and associations : individual : LH 91; LH 91-I, LH 95 ID SHAPLEY-CONSTELLATION-III; INITIAL MASS FUNCTION; STAR-FORMATION; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; OB ASSOCIATIONS; CCD PHOTOMETRY; YOUNG STARS; REGION; SEGREGATION; EVOLUTION AB We present BVR photometry in an area of 20.'5 x 20.'5 centered on LH 95 situated to the north-east of the super-bubble LMC 4. We investigate the stellar content of three stellar associations (LH 91, LH 91-I & LH 95) and their surrounding fields. Our observations use the R-Halpha colour index to identify the Be star population of the region. We find that Be stars exist in all three of the investigated associations. Within LH 95 we find a central cluster of four Be stars which strongly determine the H II emissivity in this area. We estimated the reddening and the age of the systems based on isochrone fitting. The reddening was found to vary between E(B - V) similar or equal to 0.15 and 0.20 mag. All systems were found to be younger than 10 Myr, while the field is older than similar to50 Myr. We also present the luminosity and mass functions of the systems, as well as that of the field. It was found that the luminosity function slope s of the field is steeper than that of the systems, which were found to be s similar or equal to 0.12-0.32. The MF slopes were estimated for both systems and field by directly counting stars between evolutionary tracks. We verify that the MF slopes of the systems are rather shallower than the ones of the field. The MF slopes of the systems lie in the range -1.0 <&UGamma;< -2.0, while those of various fields are significantly steeper, around Gamma similar or equal to -4.0. LH 95 was found to be probably under disruption. We discuss the possibility that this association is in the process of dissipation. C1 Univ Bonn, Sternwarte, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Athens, Fac Phys, Dept Astrophys Astron & Mech, Athens 15783, Greece. Natl Observ Athens, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Athens 11810, Greece. RP Gouliermis, D (reprint author), Univ Bonn, Sternwarte, Hugel 71, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. RI Gouliermis, Dimitrios/A-1827-2008; Kontizas, Evangelos/A-1969-2014 OI Gouliermis, Dimitrios/0000-0002-2763-0075; NR 84 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 381 IS 3 BP 862 EP 883 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20011469 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 514UA UT WOS:000173458400022 ER PT J AU Morales, A Avignone, FT Brodzinski, RL Cebrian, S Garcia, E Gonzalez, D Irastorza, IG Miley, HS Morales, J de Solorzano, AO Puimedon, J Reeves, JH Sarsa, ML Scopel, S Villar, JA AF Morales, A Avignone, FT Brodzinski, RL Cebrian, S Garcia, E Gonzalez, D Irastorza, IG Miley, HS Morales, J de Solorzano, AO Puimedon, J Reeves, JH Sarsa, ML Scopel, S Villar, JA TI Particle dark matter and solar axion searches with a small germanium detector at the Canfranc Underground Laboratory SO ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dark matter; underground detectors; weakly interacting massive particles; axions ID COHERENT PRIMAKOFF CONVERSION; ANNUAL MODULATION SIGNATURE; SCATTERING; LIMITS; WIMPS; IGEX AB A small, natural abundance, germanium detector (COSME) has been operating recently at the Canfranc Underground Laboratory (Spanish Pyrenees) in improved conditions of shielding and overburden with respect to a previous operation of the same detector (Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 321 (1992) 410; Phys. Rev. D 51 (1995) 1458). An exposure of 72.7 kg day in these conditions has at present a background improvement of about one order of magnitude compared to the former operation of the detector. These new data have been applied to a direct search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) and solar axions. New WIMP exclusion plots improving the current bounds for low masses are reported. The paper also presents a limit on the axion-photon coupling obtained from the analysis of the data looking for a Primakoff axion-to-photon conversion and Bragg scattering inside the crystal. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Zaragoza, Lab Nucl & High Energy Phys, Zaragoza 50009, Spain. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Univ Zaragoza, Lab Nucl & High Energy Phys, Zaragoza 50009, Spain. EM amorales@posta.unizar.es RI Irastorza, Igor/B-2085-2012; Sarsa Sarsa, Maria Luisa/K-6108-2014; Villar, Jose Angel/K-6630-2014; OI Irastorza, Igor/0000-0003-1163-1687; Sarsa Sarsa, Maria Luisa/0000-0002-7552-1228; Villar, Jose Angel/0000-0003-0228-7589; Garcia Abancens, Eduardo/0000-0002-9827-2332 NR 25 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6505 EI 1873-2852 J9 ASTROPART PHYS JI Astropart Phys. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 16 IS 3 BP 325 EP 332 DI 10.1016/S0927-6505(01)00117-7 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 509JE UT WOS:000173144000009 ER PT J AU Gregg, MD Lacy, M White, RL Glikman, E Helfand, D Becker, RH Brotherton, MS AF Gregg, MD Lacy, M White, RL Glikman, E Helfand, D Becker, RH Brotherton, MS TI The reddest quasars SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gravitational lensing; quasars : absorption lines; quasars : general ID GIGAHERTZ PEAKED-SPECTRUM; ABSORPTION-LINE QUASARS; POWERFUL RADIO GALAXIES; COMPACT STEEP-SPECTRUM; GRAVITATIONAL LENS; MG 0414+0534; EINSTEIN RING; PKS 1830-211; RED QUASARS; 1ST SURVEY AB In a survey of quasar candidates selected by matching the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty cm (FIRST) and Two Micron All-Sky Survey catalogs, we have found two extraordinarily red quasars. FIRST J013435.7-093102 is a 1 Jy source at z = 2.216 and has B-Kgreater than or similar to10, while FIRST J073820.1+275045 is a 2.5 mJy source at z = 1.985 with B-K approximate to 8.4. FIRST J073820.1+275045 has strong absorption lines of Mg II and C IV in the rest frame of the quasar and is highly polarized in the rest-frame ultraviolet, strongly favoring the interpretation that its red spectral energy distribution is caused by dust reddening local to the quasar. FIRST J073820.1+275045 is thus one of the few low radio luminosity, highly dust-reddened quasars known. The available observational evidence for FIRST J013435.7-093102 leads us to conclude that it too is reddened by dust. We show that FIRST J013435.7-093102 is gravitationally lensed, increasing the number of known lensed, extremely dust-reddened quasars to at least three, including MG 0414-0534 and PKS 1830-211. We discuss the implications of whether these objects are reddened by dust in the host or lensing galaxies. If reddened by their local environment, then we estimate that between 10% and 20% of the radio-loud quasar population is reddened by dust in the host galaxy. The discovery of FIRST J073820.1+275045 and objects now emerging from X-ray surveys suggests the existence of an analogous radio-quiet red quasar population. Such objects would be entirely missed by standard radio or optical quasar surveys. If dust in the lensing galaxies is primarily responsible for the extreme redness of the lensed quasars, then an untold number of gravitationally lensed quasars are being overlooked. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. RP Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM gregg@igpp.ucllnl.org; mlacy@igpp.ucllnl.org; rlw@stsci.edu; eilatg@astro.columbia.edu; djh@carmen.phys.columbia.edu; bob@igpp.ucllnl.org; mbrother@noao.edu OI Brotherton, Michael/0000-0002-1207-0909 NR 56 TC 100 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 564 IS 1 BP 133 EP 142 DI 10.1086/324145 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 509NR UT WOS:000173154300015 ER PT J AU Thielemann, FK Argast, D Brachwitz, F Martinez-Pinedo, G Rauscher, T Liebendorfer, M Mezzacappa, A Hoflich, P Nomoto, K AF Thielemann, FK Argast, D Brachwitz, F Martinez-Pinedo, G Rauscher, T Liebendorfer, M Mezzacappa, A Hoflich, P Nomoto, K TI Nucleosynthesis and stellar evolution SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Euroconference on Relevant Basic Building Blocks and Small-scale Processes in Galaxy Evolution CY OCT 16-21, 2001 CL ST DENIS REUNION, FRANCE SP European Commiss, Res DG, Dept Reunion, Conseil Reg Reunion, CNRS, Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, Observ Paris Meudon, Dept Astrophys Extragalact & Cosmologie, Comite Tourisme Reunion, France Telecom, Europcar DE nucleosynthesis; stellar evolution; supernovae ID NEUTRINO-DRIVEN WINDS; R-PROCESS NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; CARBON DEFLAGRATION SUPERNOVAE; CHANDRASEKHAR-MASS MODELS; CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE; WEAK INTERACTION RATES; METAL-POOR STARS; IA SUPERNOVAE; PRESUPERNOVA EVOLUTION; II SUPERNOVAE AB Two of the basic building blocks of galaxies are stars and the interstellar medium. The evolution of the abundance composition in the latter and especially the enrichment of heavy elements as a function of space and time reflects in turn the history of star formation and the lifetimes of the diverse contributing stellar objects. Therefore, the understanding of stellar evolution and its endpoints (mainly planetary nebulae, supernovae of type Ia and type II/Ib/Ic) is essential. Despite many efforts, a full and self-consistent understanding of supernovae (the main contributors to nucleosynthesis in galaxies) is not existing, yet. However, they leave fingerprints, seen either in spectra, lightcurves, radioactivities/decay gamma-rays or in galactic evolution. Here we want to address the composition of ejecta, their model uncertainties and relate them to constraints from abundance observations in galactic evolution. C1 Univ Basel, Dept Phys & Astron, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Astron, Tokyo 113033, Japan. RP Thielemann, FK (reprint author), Univ Basel, Dept Phys & Astron, Klingelbergstr 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. RI Rauscher, Thomas/D-2086-2009; Nomoto, Ken'ichi/A-4393-2011; Martinez-Pinedo, Gabriel/A-1915-2013; Mezzacappa, Anthony/B-3163-2017 OI Rauscher, Thomas/0000-0002-1266-0642; Martinez-Pinedo, Gabriel/0000-0002-3825-0131; Mezzacappa, Anthony/0000-0001-9816-9741 NR 90 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PY 2002 VL 281 IS 1-2 BP 25 EP 37 DI 10.1023/A:1019543110473 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 557RG UT WOS:000175921200004 ER PT J AU De Martinis, BS Okamoto, RA Kado, NY Gundel, LA Carvalho, LRF AF De Martinis, BS Okamoto, RA Kado, NY Gundel, LA Carvalho, LRF TI Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a bioassay-fractionated extract of PM10 collected in Sao Paulo, Brazil SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE atmospheric particulate matter; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; mutagenicity; Sao Paulo City ID PARTICULATE MATTER; AMBIENT AIR; URBAN AIR; AIRBORNE PARTICLES; ORGANIC MATERIAL; PAH; CITY; IDENTIFICATION; GENOTOXICITY; ENVIRONMENT AB Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in airborne particles (PM [0) collected in an urban site of Sao Paulo City, Brazil. Samples were Soxhlet extracted sequentially with dichloromethane and acetone, followed by solid phase fractionation. Increasing polar fractions (A-K) of dichloromethane and acetone extracts were obtained. Fractionated extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and Salmonella microsuspension bioassay. Sixteen PAH compounds were quantified in dichloromethane B and C fractions, nevertheless the D and E fractions presented higher mutagenic activities. Concentrations of the individual PAHs ranged from 0.8 ng m(-3) (perylene) to 12.8 ng m(-3) (benzofluranthene), reaching a total concentration of 95.5ng m(-3). BaP/BgP and Pyr/BaP ratios indicated the presence of vehicular emissions and BghiP/Ind and Chr/BeP ratios suggested a contribution of wood combustion emissions. Further investigation is still necessary for a better understanding of the PAH sources in the urban atmosphere of Sao Paulo City. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Chem, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Toxicol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Carvalho, LRF (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Chem, Av Prof Lineu Prestes 748, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RI Carvalho, Lilian/H-8562-2012; Institute of Chemistry - USP, Dept. of Chemistry/B-8988-2012; De Martinis, Bruno/I-5388-2012 OI De Martinis, Bruno/0000-0002-2702-5190 NR 32 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 36 IS 2 BP 307 EP 314 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00334-X PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 518KM UT WOS:000173667400014 ER PT J AU Kato, S Pochanart, P Hlrokawa, J Kajii, Y Akimoto, H Ozaki, Y Obi, K Katsuno, T Streets, DG Minko, NP AF Kato, S Pochanart, P Hlrokawa, J Kajii, Y Akimoto, H Ozaki, Y Obi, K Katsuno, T Streets, DG Minko, NP TI The influence of Siberian forest fires on carbon monoxide concentrations at Happo, Japan SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE biomass burning; ozone; backward trajectory; long-range transport; East Asia ID SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; CO; OZONE; RAILROAD; TROPICS; IMPACT; CHINA; GASES; ASIA; OKI AB Surface CO and ozone data were obtained in 1998 at Happo (36.7degreesN. 137.8degreesE, altitude 1840 in) in Japan. Backward trajectory analysis was applied to get the origin of the air mass to the measuring site. The air mass is basically coming from the west over the Asian continent except during summer. A maritime air mass prevails in the summertime, due to a dominant high-pressure system in the Pacific. In most cases, the air mass from the west (from China and Korea) shows a higher CO concentration than the air mass from the north, and the air mass from the Pacific shows the lowest CO concentration, Forest fires in Siberia were highly enhanced in 1998. To assess the influence of these forest fires, air masses from Siberia (from the North/Northwest direction) are divided into two categories: those that passed over the forest-fire region in Siberia and those that did not. This is done using AVHRR/NOAA satellite data and isentropic backward trajectories. The average CO concentration difference between these two categories is about 30ppbv in May. Similar analysis for ozone data also shows concentrations about 7 ppbv higher for the air masses that passed over the forest-fire region in Siberia. These results suggest that air pollutants emitted by forest fires in Siberia in 1998 could be transported and influence the air at Happo in springtime. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Japan Womens Univ, Tokyo, Japan. Nagano Res Inst Hlth & Pollut, Nagano, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RAS, SD, Inst Solar Terr Phys, Space Monitoring Ctr, Irkutsk, Russia. Univ Tokyo, Adv Sci & Technol Res Ctr, Meguru Ku, Tokyo 1538904, Japan. OI Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 NR 19 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 36 IS 2 BP 385 EP 390 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00158-3 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 518KM UT WOS:000173667400021 ER PT S AU Jeffery, CA Davis, AB AF Jeffery, CA Davis, AB BE Shaw, JA TI Signature of cloud-base height skewness in ARM microwave water radiometer data: Implications for cloud radiative parameterizations in GCMs SO ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION MEASUREMENTS AND APPLICATIONS IN CLIMATE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Radiation Measurements and Applications in Climate CY JUL 10-11, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ Coll Sci, Washington State Univ Coll Engn, Washington State Univ Coll Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington Coll Engn, Univ Washington Ctr Nanotechnol DE cloud-base height skewness; ARM; MWR; statistical cloud scheme; cloud optical parameterization ID BOUNDARY-LAYER CLOUDS; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS CLOUD; PARALLEL ALBEDO BIASES; SHAPED OPTICAL MEDIA; HORIZONTAL VARIABILITY; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; LIQUID WATER; COMBINATION; FRACTION; SURFACE AB The statistics of ground-based retrievals of cloud liquid water path using the microwave water radiometer (MWR) are typically assumed to be independent of the cloud's absolute position in the column. Furthermore, translational invariance implies statistical parity, i.e. invariance under reflection, of cloud-base height (z(bot)) and cloud-top height distributions. This symmetry is necessarily broken, especially under conditions of high boundary-layer relative humidity for which a minimum large-scale lifting condensation level leads to the generation of a significant positive skewness in the distribution function of z(bot). We suggest that the signature of this boundary effect is visible in ARM MWR time-series collected at the TWP site. Motivated by the MWR analysis, we incorporate a minimum lifting condensation level into the analytic model of unresolved low-cloud optical variability developed by Jeffery & Austin (J. Atmos. Sci., to appear). Preliminary results indicate that the effect of cloud-base height skewness on mean oceanic low-cloud reflectivity averaged over GCM spatial scales (order 100 km) is significant. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jeffery, CA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIS-2,POB 1663,Mail Stop C-323, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4583-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4815 BP 9 EP 19 DI 10.1117/12.482314 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV36R UT WOS:000178711500002 ER PT S AU Long, CN Ackerman, TP Christy, JE AF Long, CN Ackerman, TP Christy, JE BE Shaw, JA TI Variability across the ARM SGP area by temporal and spatial scale SO ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION MEASUREMENTS AND APPLICATIONS IN CLIMATE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Radiation Measurements and Applications in Climate CY JUL 10-11, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ Coll Sci, Washington State Univ Coll Engn, Washington State Univ Coll Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington Coll Engn, Univ Washington Ctr Nanotechnol C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Long, CN (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4583-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4815 BP 51 EP 57 DI 10.1117/12.482303 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV36R UT WOS:000178711500007 ER PT S AU Love, SP Davis, AB Rohde, CA Tellier, L Ho, C AF Love, SP Davis, AB Rohde, CA Tellier, L Ho, C BE Shaw, JA TI Active probing of cloud multiple scattering, optical depth, vertical thickness, and liquid water content using wide-angle imaging lidar SO ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION MEASUREMENTS AND APPLICATIONS IN CLIMATE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Radiation Measurements and Applications in Climate CY JUL 10-11, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ Coll Sci, Washington State Univ Coll Engn, Washington State Univ Coll Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington Coll Engn, Univ Washington Ctr Nanotechnol ID FARADAY FILTER AB At most optical wavelengths, laser light in a cloud lidar experiment is not absorbed but merely scattered out of the beam, eventually escaping the cloud via multiple scattering. There is much information available in this light scattered far from the input beam, information ignored by traditional "on-beam" lidar. Monitoring these off-beam returns in a fully space-and time-resolved manner is the essence of our unique instrument, Wide Angle Imaging Lidar (WAIL). In effect, WAIL produces wide-field (60-degree full-angle) "movies" of the scattering process and records the cloud's radiative Green functions. A direct data product of WAIL is the distribution of photon path lengths resulting from multiple scattering in the cloud. Following insights from diffusion theory, we can use the measured Green functions to infer the physical thickness and optical depth of the cloud layer, and, from there, estimate the volume-averaged liquid water content. WAIL is notable in that it is applicable to optically thick clouds, a regime in which traditional lidar is reduced to ceilometry. Here we present recent WAIL data on various clouds and discuss the extension of WAIL to full diurnal monitoring by means of an ultra-narrow magneto-optic atomic line filter for daytime measurements. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIS 2, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Love, SP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIS 2, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Rohde, Charles/A-9614-2011 NR 16 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4583-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4815 BP 129 EP 138 DI 10.1117/12.482312 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV36R UT WOS:000178711500015 ER PT S AU Stancil, PC Wang, JG Rakovic, MJ Schultz, DR Ali, R AF Stancil, PC Wang, JG Rakovic, MJ Schultz, DR Ali, R BE Schultz, DR Krstic, PS Ownby, F TI Charge transfer data needs for cometary x-ray emission modeling SO ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR DATA AND THEIR APPLICATIONS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Atomic and Molecular Data and Their Applications CY APR 24-27, 2002 CL GATLINBURG, TN SP US DOE Off Fus Energy Sci, ORNL Controlled Fus Atom Data Ctr, ORNL Phys Div, ORNL Phys Sci Directorate, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, U/Battelle ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET EMISSION; C/1996 B2 HYAKUTAKE; SOLAR-WIND; ELECTRON-CAPTURE; CROSS-SECTIONS; ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; ION IMPACT; COLLISIONS; PROJECTILES; PARTICLES AB The emission of x-rays has been observed from nearly twenty comets and evidence exists that it is the result of radiative decays from highly-excited, highly-charged solar wind ions following charge exchange with neutral species, mostly water, in the cometary atmosphere. We review the progress to date in constructing models of the x-ray emission. However, the construction of accurate models is impeded by the near lack of reliable state-selective charge exchange cross section data for the relevant neutral species (H2O, CO, CO2, etc.). The progress, and difficulties, of theoretical studies for the relevant collision processes is discussed with a particular focus on the breakdown of approximations made in the emission models. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Phys Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Stancil, PC (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RI Ali, Rami/B-8198-2015 OI Ali, Rami/0000-0002-5273-882X NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0091-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 636 BP 144 EP 153 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BV50H UT WOS:000179183500013 ER PT S AU Krstic, PS Schultz, DR AF Krstic, PS Schultz, DR BE Schultz, DR Krstic, PS Ownby, F TI Atomic and molecular databases for fusion divertor plasmas SO ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR DATA AND THEIR APPLICATIONS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Atomic and Molecular Data and Their Applications CY APR 24-27, 2002 CL GATLINBURG, TN SP US DOE Off Fus Energy Sci, ORNL Controlled Fus Atom Data Ctr, ORNL Phys Div, ORNL Phys Sci Directorate, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, U/Battelle ID CROSS-SECTIONS; VIBRATIONAL-EXCITATION; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; PROTON COLLISIONS; SLOW COLLISIONS; H+; ENERGIES; H++H-2; H-2 AB We describe our recent activities regarding the production of atomic and molecular data that are needed for modeling divertor plasmas in fusion tokamaks. The transport of particles and, in particular, the exchange of momentum in such plasmas can be dominantly influenced by elastic scattering and resonant charge transfer among hydrogen ions, atoms, and molecules. We have undertaken a comprehensive calculation of these processes, in all isotopic combinations of hydrogen, and highlights of that study, with intercomparison of various integral and differential cross sections, are shown here. Also, in the formation of the detached plasma layers the processes of charge transfer between hydrogen ions and vibrationally excited molecules might play a crucial role in the chain of reactions called Molecule Assisted Recombination (MAR). All other inelastic processes involving hydrogen molecules are also of interest in the colder parts of the divertor plasma. We have studied all processes that involve hydrogen ions/atoms and vibrationally excited molecules/molecular ions (charge transfer, excitation, dissociation, association), in the range of Center-of-Mass (CM) collision energies 0.5-10 eV. Here we discuss integral cross sections for these reactions, resolved in both initial and final vibrational states. The full set of the cross sections for both elastic and inelastic processes which involve molecules can be obtained through the ORNL Controlled Fusion Atomic Data Center's website. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Controlled Fus Atom Data Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Krstic, PS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Controlled Fus Atom Data Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0091-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 636 BP 277 EP 286 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BV50H UT WOS:000179183500026 ER PT J AU Reedy, RC Frankle, SC AF Reedy, RC Frankle, SC TI Prompt gamma rays from radiative capture of thermal neutrons by elements from hydrogen through zinc SO ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES LA English DT Review ID ENERGY-LEVELS; LIGHT-NUCLEI; SPECTROSCOPY; ISOTOPES; INTENSITY; STANDARD; CATALOG AB The energies and intensities of prompt gamma rays produced by the radiative capture of thermal neutrons have been compiled and evaluated for elements with atomic numbers Z = 1-30. These elements are important for many applications, including well logging, planetary remote sensing, and other analytic and diagnostic applications. Experimental data for 70 isotopes from 1H to Zn-68 were compiled and evaluated. Published thermal-capture cross sections were used to convert the isotopic gamma-ray intensities to elemental intensities. The evaluated energies and absolute intensities of these capture gamma rays are presented by element and a subset is sorted by gamma-ray energy. The literature has been covered to August 2000. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reedy, RC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Reedy, Robert/0000-0002-2189-1303 NR 116 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0092-640X J9 ATOM DATA NUCL DATA JI Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables PD JAN PY 2002 VL 80 IS 1 BP 1 EP 34 DI 10.1006/adnd.2001.0870 PG 34 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 535CG UT WOS:000174627200001 ER PT S AU Chung, HK Fournier, KB Edwards, MJ Scott, HA Cattolica, R Ditmire, T Lee, RW AF Chung, HK Fournier, KB Edwards, MJ Scott, HA Cattolica, R Ditmire, T Lee, RW BE Schultz, DR Meyer, FW Ownby, F TI Spectroscopic characterization of post-cluster argon Plasmas during the blast wave expansion SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th APS Topical Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY APR 22-25, 2002 CL GATLINBURG, TN SP US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, ORNL Controlled Fus Atom Data Ctr, Los Alamos Natl Lab, ORNL Fus Energy Div, UT/Battelle, ORNL Phys Sci Directorate ID ATOMIC CLUSTERS; DRIVEN AB In this work we present temperature diagnostics of an expanding laser-produced argon plasma. A short-pulse (35fs) laser with an intensity of I = 10(17) W/cm deposits similar to 100 mJ of energy into argon clusters. This generates a hot plasma filament that develops into a cylindrically expanding shock. We develop spectral diagnostics for the temperatures of the argon plasma in the shock region and the preionized region ahead of the shock. A collisional-radiative model is applied to explore line intensity ratios derived from At II-Ar IV spectra that are sensitive to temperatures in a few eV range. Tile results of hydrodynamic simulations are employed to derive a time dependent radiative transport calculation that generates the theoretical emission spectra from the expanding plasma. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Chung, HK (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0090-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 635 BP 52 EP 57 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BV50G UT WOS:000179183100006 ER PT S AU Shepherd, R Audebert, P Peyrusse, O Fournier, KB Chung, HK Price, D Gauthier, JC Lee, RW Widmann, K Springer, P Klein, L AF Shepherd, R Audebert, P Peyrusse, O Fournier, KB Chung, HK Price, D Gauthier, JC Lee, RW Widmann, K Springer, P Klein, L BE Schultz, DR Meyer, FW Ownby, F TI The production of exotic satellite structures in short pulse laser heated foils SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th APS Topical Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY APR 22-25, 2002 CL GATLINBURG, TN SP US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, ORNL Controlled Fus Atom Data Ctr, Los Alamos Natl Lab, ORNL Fus Energy Div, UT/Battelle, ORNL Phys Sci Directorate ID PLASMAS; MODEL; SPECTROSCOPY; EMISSION AB The success in building ultrashort pulse lasers capable of delivering higher and higher intensities have pushed laser-solid interaction experiments into a new regime where v(os)/c approaches 1. We have performed experiments to study the K-shell aluminum emission spectra from thin foils heated with an ultrashort pulse laser. The foils are illuminated at an intensity of I x 10 19 W/cm(2). After heating, minimal radiation cooling and longitudinal heat conduction occur due to the targets' low atomic number and thickness, allowing hydrodynamic expansion to dominate the cooling process and simplifying the analysis, The time resolved Helium like 1s(2)-1s2p(P-1) (He-alpha), 1s(2)-1s(3)p(P-1) (He-beta), and 1s(2)-1s(4)p(P-1) (Hegamma) spectrum is collected with a 500 fs x-ray steak camera interfaced to a two crystal von Hamos spectrograph. The spectra from these plasmas have shown interesting and unusual features. In particular, exotic satellites have been observed when high intensity ultrashort pulse lasers interact with solids. The satellite emission brightness relative to the resonance lines suggest an expectedly large fraction of Li-like, Be-like, and B-like ions. An electron beam generated in the field of the laser is offered as an explanation of the observed satellite emission. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Shepherd, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, MS L-43,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0090-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 635 BP 71 EP 81 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BV50G UT WOS:000179183100008 ER PT S AU Junkel-Vives, GC Abdallah, J Blasco, F Dorchies, F Stenz, C Salin, F Faenov, AY Magunov, AI Pikuz, TA Skobelev, IY Auguste, T Dobosz, S D'Oliveira, P Hulin, S Monot, P AF Junkel-Vives, GC Abdallah, J Blasco, F Dorchies, F Stenz, C Salin, F Faenov, AY Magunov, AI Pikuz, TA Skobelev, IY Auguste, T Dobosz, S D'Oliveira, P Hulin, S Monot, P BE Schultz, DR Meyer, FW Ownby, F TI Spectral studies of short pulse laser irradiated argon clusters SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th APS Topical Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY APR 22-25, 2002 CL GATLINBURG, TN SP US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, ORNL Controlled Fus Atom Data Ctr, Los Alamos Natl Lab, ORNL Fus Energy Div, UT/Battelle, ORNL Phys Sci Directorate ID X-RAY-EMISSION; ATOMIC CLUSTERS; TRANSIENT GAIN; AR CLUSTERS; IONS; SPECTROSCOPY; RADIATION; VACANCIES; PLASMAS; TARGETS AB The systematic experimental studies of plasma produced upon the interaction of ultrashort laser pulses with cluster targets are carried out using the methods of x-ray spectroscopy. The dependence of the plasma parameters on the initial properties of a cluster target such as the design of a supersonic nozzle, the average size of clusters, and their spatial distribution as well as the laser-pulse properties of duration and contrast are studied. The plasma diagnostics is performed using the model of spectra formation that provides a good agreement with the experimental data. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Junkel-Vives, GC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0090-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 635 BP 82 EP 91 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BV50G UT WOS:000179183100009 ER PT S AU LaGattuta, K AF LaGattuta, K BE Schultz, DR Meyer, FW Ownby, F TI Fermi molecular dynamics applied to problems in the atomic physics of Plasmas SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th APS Topical Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY APR 22-25, 2002 CL GATLINBURG, TN SP US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, ORNL Controlled Fus Atom Data Ctr, Los Alamos Natl Lab, ORNL Fus Energy Div, UT/Battelle, ORNL Phys Sci Directorate ID PHOTOIONIZATION; MODEL AB A report on work in progress: The approach to steady state of a partially ionized fluid, in the regime of strong ion-ion coupling, is being simulated with the quasi-classical method known as Fermi Molecular Dynamics (FMD). We begin with a description of FMD, a statement of its advantages and disadvantages, and an overview of past work. We have continued to develop the FMD method as a tool for simulating a variety of inhomogeneous, partially ionized, dense plasma systems. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Plasma Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP LaGattuta, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Plasma Phys Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0090-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 635 BP 120 EP 124 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BV50G UT WOS:000179183100013 ER PT S AU Meyer, FW Bannister, ME Havener, CC Krause, HF Krstic, P Schultz, DR Agarwal, A Swenson, D Yan, F AF Meyer, FW Bannister, ME Havener, CC Krause, HF Krstic, P Schultz, DR Agarwal, A Swenson, D Yan, F BE Schultz, DR Meyer, FW Ownby, F TI Ion-implantation-related atomic collision studies at the ORNL multicharged ion research facility SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th APS Topical Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY APR 22-25, 2002 CL GATLINBURG, TN SP US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, ORNL Controlled Fus Atom Data Ctr, Los Alamos Natl Lab, ORNL Fus Energy Div, UT/Battelle, ORNL Phys Sci Directorate AB In this article, some atomic collision data needs in the ion-implantation industry are discussed, and illustrated by specific examples of electron impact and heavy particle cross sections measured or calculated in our atomic collisions group for ion source modeling, beam energy contamination determination, and wafer dose error corrections. An example is also provided of how ion implantation has been used in our laboratory to investigate ways of improving the operating characteristics of ac plasma display panels. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Meyer, FW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0090-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 635 BP 125 EP 134 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BV50G UT WOS:000179183100014 ER PT S AU Beiersdorfer, P Chen, H Hey, D May, AJ Osterheld, AL Reed, KJ Scofield, JH Thorn, DB Bitter, A Boyce, KR Brown, GV Gendreau, KC Kelley, RL Porter, FS Stahle, CK Szymkowiak, AE Olson, RE Lepson, JK Gu, MF Behar, E Kahn, SM AF Beiersdorfer, P Chen, H Hey, D May, AJ Osterheld, AL Reed, KJ Scofield, JH Thorn, DB Bitter, A Boyce, KR Brown, GV Gendreau, KC Kelley, RL Porter, FS Stahle, CK Szymkowiak, AE Olson, RE Lepson, JK Gu, MF Behar, E Kahn, SM BE Schultz, DR Meyer, FW Ownby, F TI New insights into the x-ray spectra of heliumlike and neonlike ions SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th APS Topical Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY APR 22-25, 2002 CL GATLINBURG, TN SP US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, ORNL Controlled Fus Atom Data Ctr, Los Alamos Natl Lab, ORNL Fus Energy Div, UT/Battelle, ORNL Phys Sci Directorate ID DIELECTRONIC SATELLITE SPECTRA; CHARGE-EXCHANGE COLLISIONS; FE-XVII; CRYSTAL SPECTROMETER; ATOMIC DATA; TOKAMAK; LINE; EXCITATION; RESONANCE; INTENSITY AB Recent measurements of the K-shell and L-shell x-ray spectra of highly charged heliumlike and neonlike ions are presented that were performed on the Livermore electron beam ion traps and the Princeton tokamaks. These measurements provide new insights into collisional and indirect line formation processes, identifications of forbidden lines, and a new plasma line diagnostic of magnetic field strength. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Beiersdorfer, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Kelley, Richard/K-4474-2012 NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0090-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 635 BP 135 EP 144 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BV50G UT WOS:000179183100015 ER PT S AU Mazevet, S Fakhreddine, K Vien, GN Tweed, RJ Langlois, J AF Mazevet, S Fakhreddine, K Vien, GN Tweed, RJ Langlois, J BE Schultz, DR Meyer, FW Ownby, F TI Using quantum defect theory in the (e,2e) ionization of argon SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th APS Topical Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY APR 22-25, 2002 CL GATLINBURG, TN SP US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, ORNL Controlled Fus Atom Data Ctr, Los Alamos Natl Lab, ORNL Fus Energy Div, UT/Battelle, ORNL Phys Sci Directorate ID ATOMS; SCATTERING; SPECTROSCOPY; MODEL AB Quantum Defect theory is a well established theoretical concept in modern spectroscopy that was found particularly powerful in the study of Rydberg states and photoionization of various atomic and molecular species. We show that this approach can also be useful in electron impact ionization problems where state of the art theoretical methods are presently restricted mostly to simple atomic targets. We found that this approach leads to significant improvements over previous calculations for die well documented case of the ionization of argon in equal energy sharing geometry. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mazevet, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0090-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 635 BP 155 EP 161 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BV50G UT WOS:000179183100017 ER PT S AU Guzik, JA Neuforge-Verheecke, C Keady, JJ Magee, NH Bradley, PA AF Guzik, JA Neuforge-Verheecke, C Keady, JJ Magee, NH Bradley, PA BE Schultz, DR Meyer, FW Ownby, F TI Helioseismic tests of radiative opacities SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th APS Topical Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY APR 22-25, 2002 CL GATLINBURG, TN SP US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, ORNL Controlled Fus Atom Data Ctr, Los Alamos Natl Lab, ORNL Fus Energy Div, UT/Battelle, ORNL Phys Sci Directorate ID SOLAR MODELS; ELEMENT DIFFUSION; REACTION-RATES; INFERENCES; EVOLUTION; STATE; OPAL AB During the past fifteen years, thousands of solar acoustic oscillation modes have been measured to remarkable precision, in many cases to within 0.01%. These frequencies have been used to infer the interior structure of the sun and test the physical input to solar models. Here we summarize the procedures, input physics and assumptions for calculating a standard solar evolution model. We compare the observed and calculated sound speed profile and oscillation frequencies of solar models calibrated using the new Los Alamos LEDCOP [1] and Livermore OPAL [2] Rosseland mean opacities for the same element mixture. We show that solar oscillations are extremely sensitive to opacities, with opacity differences of only a few percent producing an easily detectable effect on the sound speed and predicted frequencies [3]. The oscillation data indicate that agreement would be improved by an opacity increase of several percent below the convection zone for both the LEDCOP and OPAL opacities. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Guzik, JA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0090-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 635 BP 194 EP 203 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BV50G UT WOS:000179183100021 ER PT S AU Stotler, DP Pitcher, CS Boswell, CJ LaBombard, B Terry, JL Elder, JD Lisgo, S AF Stotler, DP Pitcher, CS Boswell, CJ LaBombard, B Terry, JL Elder, JD Lisgo, S BE Schultz, DR Meyer, FW Ownby, F TI Understanding of neutral gas transport in the Alcator C-Mod tokamak divertor SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th APS Topical Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY APR 22-25, 2002 CL GATLINBURG, TN SP US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, ORNL Controlled Fus Atom Data Ctr, Los Alamos Natl Lab, ORNL Fus Energy Div, UT/Battelle, ORNL Phys Sci Directorate ID HYDROGEN MOLECULES; PARTICLE; PLASMA AB A series of experiments on the effect of divertor baffling on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak provides stringent tests on models of neutral gas transport in and around the divertor region. One attractive feature of these experiments is that a trial description of the background plasma can be constructed from experimental measurements using a simple model, allowing the neutral gas transport to be studied with a stand-alone code. The neutral-ion and neutral-neutral elastic scattering processes recently added to the DEGAS 2 Monte Carlo neutral transport code permit the neutral gas flow rates between the divertor and main chamber to be simulated more realistically than before. Nonetheless, the simulated neutral pressures are too low and the deuterium Balmer-alpha emission profiles differ qualitatively from those measured, indicating an incomplete understanding of the physical processes involved in the experiment. Some potential explanations are examined and opportunities for future exploration are highlighted. Improvements to atomic and surface physics data and models will play a role in the latter. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Stotler, DP (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Stotler, Daren/J-9494-2015 OI Stotler, Daren/0000-0001-5521-8718 NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0090-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 635 BP 251 EP 260 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BV50G UT WOS:000179183100025 ER PT S AU Hogan, J AF Hogan, J BE Schultz, DR Meyer, FW Ownby, F TI Role of atomic physics in models for enhanced edge transport SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th APS Topical Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY APR 22-25, 2002 CL GATLINBURG, TN SP US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, ORNL Controlled Fus Atom Data Ctr, Los Alamos Natl Lab, ORNL Fus Energy Div, UT/Battelle, ORNL Phys Sci Directorate ID MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; LINE-INTENSITIES; IMPROVED CONFINEMENT; IONIZING PLASMA; TORE-SUPRA; IONIZATION; DIVERTOR; LIMITER; ASDEX AB Since regulation of helium ash accumulation in future magnetic confinement D-T burning plasma experiments requires control of recycling helium, the quest for improved magnetic confinement performance leads to a paradoxical necessity to degrade some confinement properties selectively in the plasma edge. This paper describes the role of atomic and molecular data in current models for several proposed ways to do this: 'Type I ELM-y H-mode', the ergodic divertor, and enhanced radiation operational modes. The same constraint requires better control of intrinsic impurities. The use of atomic and molecular data in the comparison of intrinsic impurity generation rates with observation is also illustrated. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hogan, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0090-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 635 BP 290 EP 299 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BV50G UT WOS:000179183100029 ER PT S AU Marathe, MV AF Marathe, MV BE Widmayer, P Triguero, F Morales, R Hennessy, M Eidenbenz, S Conejo, R TI Towards a predictive computational complexity theory SO AUTOMATA, LANGUAGES AND PROGRAMMING SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming CY JUL 08-13, 2002 CL MALAGA, SPAIN SP Unicaja, Univ Malaga, Sci & Technol Minist, Malaga City Council ID NP-COMPLETE PROBLEMS; APPROXIMATION SCHEMES; COUNTING PROBLEMS; CONSTRAINT SATISFACTION; OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS; HARD PROBLEMS; GRAPHS; PLANAR; SATISFIABILITY; ALGORITHMS C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Basic & Appl Simulat Sci D 2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Marathe, MV (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Basic & Appl Simulat Sci D 2, POB 1663,MS M997, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM marathe@lanl.gov NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-43864-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2380 BP 22 EP 31 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BV79X UT WOS:000180069500002 ER PT S AU Kumar, VSA Marathe, MV AF Kumar, VSA Marathe, MV BE Widmayer, P Triguero, F Morales, R Hennessy, M Eidenbenz, S Conejo, R TI Improved results for Stackelberg Scheduling Strategies SO AUTOMATA, LANGUAGES AND PROGRAMMING SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming CY JUL 08-13, 2002 CL MALAGA, SPAIN SP Unicaja, Univ Malaga, Sci & Technol Minist, Malaga City Council ID NETWORK AB We continue the study initiated in [13] on Stackelberg Scheduling Strategies. We are given a set of m independent parallel machines or equivalently a set of m parallel edges, each with a load dependent latency function. The setting is that of a non-cooperative game: players route their flow so as minimize their individual latencies. Additionally, there is a single player (the leader), who controls an a fraction of the total flow. The goal is to find a strategy for the leader (i.e. an assignment of flow to individual links) such that the selfish users react so as to minimize the total latency of the system. Building on the recent results in [13,14], we devise a fully polynomial approximate Stackelberg scheme that runs in time poly(m, 1/epsilon) and results in an assignment whose cost is within a (1 + epsilon) factor of the optimum Stackelberg strategy. We also study the generalization to multiple rounds. It is easy to see that more than two rounds do not help. We show that the two round Stackelberg strategy (denoted 2SS) always dominates the one round scheme. We also consider extensions of the above results to special graphs, and special kind of latency functions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS M997, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM anil@lanl.gov; marathe@lanl.gov NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-43864-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2380 BP 776 EP 787 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BV79X UT WOS:000180069500066 ER PT B AU More, JJ AF More, JJ BE Corliss, G Faure, C Griewank, A Hascoet, L Naumann, U TI Automatic differentiation tools in optimization software SO AUTOMATIC DIFFERENTIATION OF ALGORITHMS: FROM SIMULATION TO OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Automatic Differentiation CY JUN, 2000 CL COTE D AZUR, FRANCE AB We discuss the role of automatic differentiation tools in optimization software. We emphasize issues that are important to large-scale optimization and that have proved useful in the installation of nonlinear solvers in the NEOS Server. Our discussion centers on the computation of the gradient and Hessian matrix for partially separable functions and shows that the gradient and Hessian matrix can be computed with guaranteed bounds in time and memory requirements. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP More, JJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-95305-1 PY 2002 BP 25 EP 34 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BU49J UT WOS:000176144500002 ER PT B AU Kim, JG Hovland, PD AF Kim, JG Hovland, PD BE Corliss, G Faure, C Griewank, A Hascoet, L Naumann, U TI Sensitivity analysis and parameter tuning of a sea-ice model SO AUTOMATIC DIFFERENTIATION OF ALGORITHMS: FROM SIMULATION TO OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Automatic Differentiation CY JUN, 2000 CL COTE D AZUR, FRANCE AB The values of many of the parameters in climate models are often not known with any great precision. We describe the use of automatic differentiation to examine the sensitivity of an uncoupled dynamic-thermodynamic sea-ice model to various parameters. We also illustrate the effectiveness of using these sensitivity derivatives with an optimization algorithm to tune the parameters to maximize the agreement between simulated results and observational data. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kim, JG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave,MCS Div,Bldg 221-C216, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-95305-1 PY 2002 BP 91 EP 98 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BU49J UT WOS:000176144500009 ER PT B AU Lee, SL Hovland, PD AF Lee, SL Hovland, PD BE Corliss, G Faure, C Griewank, A Hascoet, L Naumann, U TI Sensitivity analysis using parallel ODE solvers and automatic differentiation in C: SensPVODE and ADIC SO AUTOMATIC DIFFERENTIATION OF ALGORITHMS: FROM SIMULATION TO OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Automatic Differentiation CY JUN, 2000 CL COTE D AZUR, FRANCE AB PVODE is a high-performance ordinary differential equation solver for the types of initial value problems (IVPs) that arise in large-scale computational simulations. Often, one wants to compute sensitivities with respect to certain parameters in the IVP. We discuss the use of automatic differentiation (AD) to compute these sensitivities in the context of PVODE. Results on a simple test problem indicate that the use of AD-generated derivative code can reduce the time to solution over finite difference approximations. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lee, SL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Box 808,L-560, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-95305-1 PY 2002 BP 223 EP 229 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BU49J UT WOS:000176144500026 ER PT B AU Petti, D Miller, G Maki, J Varacalle, D Buongiorno, J AF Petti, D Miller, G Maki, J Varacalle, D Buongiorno, J GP AEN/NEA AEN/NEA TI Gas reactor TRISO-coated particle fuel modelling activities at the Idaho national engineering and environmental laboratory SO BASIC STUDIES IN THE FIELD OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Information Exchange Meeting on Basic Studies in the Field of High-Temperature Engineering CY OCT 10-12, 2001 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Japan Atomic Energy Res Inst ID BEHAVIOR AB The development of an integrated mechanistic fuel performance model for TRISO-coated gas-reactor particle fuel termed particle fuel model (PARFUME) has begun at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory. The objective of PARFUME is to physically describe the behaviour of the fuel particle under irradiation. Both the mechanical and physico-chemical behaviour of the particle under irradiation are being considered. PARFUME is based on multi-dimensional finite element modelling of TRISO-coated gas-reactor fuel. The goal is to develop a performance model for particle fuel that has the proper dimensionality and still captures the statistical nature of the fuel. The statistical variation of key properties of the particle associated with the production process requires Monte Carlo analysis of a very large number of particles to understand the aggregate behaviour. Thus, state-of-the-art statistical techniques are being used to incorporate the results of the detailed multi-dimension stress calculations and the fission-product chemical interactions into PARFUME. The model is currently focusing on carbide, oxide and oxycarbide uranium fuel kernels. The coating layers are classical TRISO type (IPyC/SiC/OPyC). Extensions to other fissile and fertile materials and other coating materials (e.g. ZrC) are currently under consideration. This paper reviews the current status of the model, discusses calculations of TRISO-coated fuel performance for cracking observed in recent US gas reactor irradiations, and presents predictions of the behaviour of TRISO-coated fuel at high bum-up that is currently under consideration in Europe. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Petti, D (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ORGANIZATION ECONOMIC COOPERATION & DEVELOPMENT PI PARIS PA 2, RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16, 75775 PARIS, FRANCE BN 92-64-19796-6 PY 2002 BP 323 EP 337 PG 15 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BU78Z UT WOS:000177015600028 ER PT S AU Price, HJ Manson, AR AF Price, HJ Manson, AR BE Fry, RL TI Uninformative priors for Bayes' theorem SO BAYESIAN INFERENCE AND MAXIMUM ENTROPY METHODS IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Workshop on Bayesian Inference and Maximum Entropy Methods in Science and Engineering CY AUG 04-09, 2001 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP John Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, John Hopkins Univ, Jayness Fdn AB One of the major objections to the uses of Bayesian Methods and Maximum Entropy Methods is associated with the choice of the prior distribution, especially when there is no prior information available. LaPlace, who made excellent use of Bayesian methods to obtain significant results, originally postulated that the uninformative prior should be constant, although he later came to question the use of this prior. One of the objections to the use of a constant prior is that it is not independent of variable transformations: the thought being that if a prior is truly uninformative, then any transformation of the variable should also be uninformative. Later, Jeffreys(1), using heuristic arguments, postulated that a better uninformative prior is the 1/sigma function. Jaynes(2) provided a more formal derivation of the 1/sigma prior for certain classes of probability functions. The 1/sigma prior has the desirable feature of being independent of integer-power variable transformations, although it is not a probability distribution, and is therefore called an improper prior. Unfortunately, the 1/sigma prior gives extreme weighting to low values of sigma. Shannon(3), while working at Bell Telephone Laboratories, derived Statistical Entropy, as a measure of uncertainty in a distribution. Shannon's work leads to a constant prior, in the uninformative case. Unfortunately, Shannon's Entropy holds only for discrete variable distributions. In this paper, an uninformative prior in the continuous variable case is developed, which is independent of virtually any variable transformation and yet does not give preferential weight to any value of the continuous variable. A simple example is used to show how the results differ for the new prior and the 1/sigma prior. RP Price, HJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 2609 Weymouth, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0063-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 617 BP 379 EP 391 PG 13 WC Physics, Mathematical; Statistics & Probability SC Physics; Mathematics GA BU66D UT WOS:000176636900026 ER PT S AU Krinsky, S AF Krinsky, S BE Smith, GA Russo, T TI The physics and properties of free-electron lasers SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 06-09, 2002 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider-Accelerator Dept HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB ID AMPLIFIED SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; COHERENT SYNCHROTRON RADIATION; NONLINEAR HARMONIC-GENERATION; HIGH-GAIN REGIME; STIMULATED-EMISSION; TRANSIENT ANALYSIS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; SASE; FLUCTUATIONS; DESY AB We present an introduction to the operating principles of free-electron lasers, discussing the amplification process, and the requirements on the electron beam necessary to achieve desired performance. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Krinsky, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0103-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 648 BP 23 EP 43 PG 21 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV93V UT WOS:000180453800002 ER PT S AU Yang, BX AF Yang, BX BE Smith, GA Russo, T TI Optical system design for high-energy particle beam diagnostics SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 06-09, 2002 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider-Accelerator Dept HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB ID RADIATION AB Radiation generated by high-energy particle beams is widely used to characterize the beam properties. While the wavelengths of radiation may vary from visible to x-rays, the physics underlying the engineering designs are similar. In this tutorial, we discuss the basic considerations for the optical system design in the context of beam instrumentation and the constraints applied by high-radiation environments. We cover commonly used optical diagnostics: fluorescence flags, visible and x-ray synchrotron radiation imaging. Emphases will be on achieving desired resolution, accuracy, and reproducibility. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Yang, BX (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0103-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 648 BP 59 EP 78 PG 20 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV93V UT WOS:000180453800004 ER PT S AU Crisp, JL AF Crisp, JL BE Smith, GA Russo, T TI FNAL instrumentation: Lessons learned SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 06-09, 2002 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider-Accelerator Dept HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB AB Experience gained during the recent commissioning of the Main Injector accelerator and the Recycler storage ring at Fermilab will be discussed. Some of the more interesting problems involve; ground differences, cabling for bpm and multiwire systems, electromagnetic noise, and magnetic shielding. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60540 USA. RP Crisp, JL (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60540 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0103-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 648 BP 103 EP 117 PG 15 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV93V UT WOS:000180453800006 ER PT S AU Krafft, GA Denard, JC AF Krafft, GA Denard, JC BE Smith, GA Russo, T TI Diagnostics for recirculating and energy recovered linacs SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 06-09, 2002 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider-Accelerator Dept HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB ID FEMTOSECOND ELECTRON BUNCHES AB In this paper, the electron beam diagnostics developed for recirculating electron accelerators will be reviewed. The main novelties in dealing with such accelerators are: to have sufficient information and control possibilities for the longitudinal phase space, to have means to accurately set the recirculation path length, and to have a means to distinguish the beam passes on measurements of position in the linac proper. The solutions to these problems obtained at Jefferson Laboratory and elsewhere will be discussed. In addition, more standard instrumentation (profiling and emittance measurements) will be reviewed in the context of recirculating linacs. Finally, and looking forward, electron beam diagnostics for applications to high current energy recovered linacs will be discussed. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Krafft, GA (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 1200 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0103-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 648 BP 118 EP 133 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV93V UT WOS:000180453800007 ER PT S AU Brennan, M Cameron, P Cerniglia, P Connolly, R Cupolo, J Dawson, W Degen, C DellaPenna, A DeLong, J Drees, A Gassner, D Kesselman, M Lee, R Marusic, A Mead, J Michnoff, R Schultheiss, C Sikora, R AF Brennan, M Cameron, P Cerniglia, P Connolly, R Cupolo, J Dawson, W Degen, C DellaPenna, A DeLong, J Drees, A Gassner, D Kesselman, M Lee, R Marusic, A Mead, J Michnoff, R Schultheiss, C Sikora, R BE Smith, GA Russo, T TI Tune measurement in RHIC SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 06-09, 2002 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider-Accelerator Dept HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB AB Three basic tune measurement methods are employed in RHIC; kicked beam, Schottky, and phase-locked loop. ne kicked beam and 2GHz Schottky systems have been in operation since the first commissioning of circulating beam in RHIC in 1999. Preliminary PLL measurements utilizing a commercial off-the-shelf lockin amplifier were completed during that run, and the resonant BPM used in that system also delivered 230MHz Schottky spectra. With encouraging preliminary results and the thought of tune feedback in mind, a PLL tune system was implemented in the FPGA/DSP environment of the RHIC BPM system for the RHIC 2001 run. During that run this system functioned at the level of the present state-of-the-art in tune measurement accuracy and resolution, and was successfully incorporated into a tune feedback system for use during acceleration. Each of the tune measurement systems has particular strengths and weaknesses. We present specific and comparative details of systems design and operation. In addition, we present detailed tune measurements and their utilization in the measurement of chromaticity and the implementation of tune feedback. Finally, we discuss planned upgrades for the RHIC 2003 run. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brennan, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0103-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 648 BP 134 EP 149 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV93V UT WOS:000180453800008 ER PT S AU Connolly, R Cameron, P Cupolo, J Gassner, D Grau, M Kesselman, M Peng, S Sikora, R AF Connolly, R Cameron, P Cupolo, J Gassner, D Grau, M Kesselman, M Peng, S Sikora, R BE Smith, GA Russo, T TI Laser beam-profile monitor development at BNL for SNS SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 06-09, 2002 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider-Accelerator Dept HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB AB A beam profile monitor for H- beams based on laser photoneutralization is being developed at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) for use on the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) [1]. An H- ion has a first ionization potential of 0.75eV and can be neutralized by light from a Nd:YAG laser (lambda=1064nm). To measure beam profiles, a narrow laser beam is passed through the ion beam neutralizing a portion of the H- beam struck by the laser. The laser trajectory is stepped across the ion beam. At each laser position, the reduction of the beam current caused by the laser is measured. A proof-of-principle experiment was done earlier at 750keV. This paper reports on measurements made on 200MeV beam at BNL and with a compact scanner prototype at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab on beam from the SNS RFQ. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Connolly, R (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0103-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 648 BP 150 EP 161 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV93V UT WOS:000180453800009 ER PT S AU Krejcik, P AF Krejcik, P BE Smith, GA Russo, T TI Short bunch beam diagnostics SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 06-09, 2002 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider-Accelerator Dept HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB AB With the emergence of 4th generation FEL based light sources there is now considerable interest in both producing and characterizing ultra-short (<100 fs) electron bunches. Knowledge of the extremely high peak current in a short bunch is required to diagnose the SASE (self amplified stimulated emission) process. Measuring the femtosecond duration of the pulse is inherently interesting, particularly for experimenters using the beam to measure fast phenomena (e.g. femto-chemistry). Diagnostic techniques that have the necessary femtosecond resolution will be reviewed: These include high-power RF transverse deflecting structures that "streak" the beam in the accelerator allowing the bunch length to be recorded on a profile monitor. Electro optic crystal diagnostics use the electric field of the electron bunch to modulate light thereby exploiting the femtosecond technology of high bandwidth visible lasers. Coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) from dipole magnets and optical diffraction radiation (ODR) both result in radiation with wavelengths of the order of the bunch length and hence in the terahertz band which can be detected by a variety of techniques. The role of each of these techniques is discussed in terms of its application at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) and the Short Pulse Photon Source (SPPS) currently under construction at SLAC. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Krejcik, P (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0103-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 648 BP 162 EP 173 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV93V UT WOS:000180453800010 ER PT S AU Plum, MA Day, L Ellis, S Hardekopf, R Meyer, R O'Hara, J Power, J Rose, C Shafer, R Stettler, M Stovall, J AF Plum, MA Day, L Ellis, S Hardekopf, R Meyer, R O'Hara, J Power, J Rose, C Shafer, R Stettler, M Stovall, J BE Smith, GA Russo, T TI Beam diagnostics in the SNS linac SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 06-09, 2002 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider-Accelerator Dept HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB AB Most of the design work for the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) linac beam diagnostics instrumentation is complete, and we are now entering the construction phase. Some instrumentation has already been delivered and tested at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory front-end systems tests. In this paper we will discuss the SNS linac beam diagnostics instrumentation designed by Los Alamos National Laboratory, and some of the early performance results. We will briefly mention the general layout of diagnostics in the SNS linac, then focus on two systems of special interest: the beam position monitors in the drift tube linac, and the wire scanner actuators in the superconducting linac. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Plum, MA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0103-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 648 BP 195 EP 202 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV93V UT WOS:000180453800013 ER PT S AU Lumpkin, AH Berg, WJ Biedron, S Borland, A Chae, YC Dejus, R Erdmann, M Huang, Z Kim, KJ Lewellen, J Li, Y Milton, SV Moog, E Rule, DW Sajaev, V Yang, BX AF Lumpkin, AH Berg, WJ Biedron, S Borland, A Chae, YC Dejus, R Erdmann, M Huang, Z Kim, KJ Lewellen, J Li, Y Milton, SV Moog, E Rule, DW Sajaev, V Yang, BX BE Smith, GA Russo, T TI Advanced intraundulator electron beam diagnostics using COTR techniques SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 06-09, 2002 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider-Accelerator Dept HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB ID OPTICAL-TRANSITION-RADIATION; AMPLIFIED SPONTANEOUS-EMISSION; LASER; FEL AB A significant advance in intraundulator electron-beam diagnostics has recently been demonstrated based on coherent optical transition radiation (COTR) imaging. We find signal strengths from a microbunched beam in a UV-visible free-electron laser to be several orders of magnitude higher than that of incoherent optical transition radiation. In addition we report that the far-field images of COTR interferograms carry information about beam size and asymmetry, divergence, and pointing. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lumpkin, AH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0103-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 648 BP 212 EP 219 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV93V UT WOS:000180453800015 ER PT S AU Ross, M Anderson, S Frisch, J Jobe, K McCormick, D McKee, B Nelson, J Smith, T Hayano, H Naito, T Terunuma, N AF Ross, M Anderson, S Frisch, J Jobe, K McCormick, D McKee, B Nelson, J Smith, T Hayano, H Naito, T Terunuma, N BE Smith, GA Russo, T TI Very high resolution optical transition radiation beam profile monitor SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 06-09, 2002 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider-Accelerator Dept HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB AB We have constructed and tested a 2 um resolution beam profile monitor based on optical transition radiation (OTR). Theoretical studies of OTR [1] show that extremely high resolution, of the order of the wavelength of the light detected, is possible. Such high-resolution single pulse profile monitors will be very useful for future free electron laser and linear collider projects. Using the very low emittance 1.3 GeV electron beam at the KEK Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) [2] (1.4nm ex x 15pm ey), we have imaged transition radiation from 5 micron cy beam spots. Our test device consisted of a finely polished target, a thin fused silica window, a 35 mm working distance microscope objective (5x and 10x) and a triggered CCD camera. A wire scanner located near the target is used to verify the profile monitor performance, In this paper we report results of beam tests. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ross, M (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0103-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 648 BP 237 EP 247 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV93V UT WOS:000180453800018 ER PT S AU Fisher, AS Petree, M Wienands, U Allison, S Laznovsky, M Seeman, M Robin, J AF Fisher, AS Petree, M Wienands, U Allison, S Laznovsky, M Seeman, M Robin, J BE Smith, GA Russo, T TI Upgrades to PEP-II tune measurements SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 06-09, 2002 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider-Accelerator Dept HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB AB The tune monitors for the two-ring PEP-II collider convert signals from one set of four BPM-type pickup buttons per ring into horizontal and vertical differences, which are then downconverted from 95 2 MHz (twice the RF) to baseband. Two-channel 10-MHz FFT spectrum analyzers show spectra in X-window displays in the Control Room, to assist PEP operators. When operating with the original system near the beam-beam limit, collisions broadened and flattened the tune peaks, often bringing them near the noise floor, We recently installed new downconverters that increase the signal-to-noise ratio by about 5 dB. In addition, we went from one to two sets of pickups per ring, near focusing and defocusing quadrupoles, so that signals for both planes originate at locations with large amplitudes. We also have just installed a tune tracker, based on a digital lock-in amplifier (one per tune plane) that is controlled by an EPICS software feedback loop. The tracker monitors the phase of the beam's response to a sinusoidal excitation, and adjusts the drive frequency to track the middle of the 180-degree phase transition across the tune resonance. We plan next to test an outer loop controlling the tune quadrupoles based on this tune measurement. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Fisher, AS (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0103-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 648 BP 267 EP 274 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV93V UT WOS:000180453800021 ER PT S AU Sellyey, WC O'Hara, JF AF Sellyey, WC O'Hara, JF BE Smith, GA Russo, T TI Proposed profile monitor designs for the Advanced Hydrodynamic Facility (AHF) SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 06-09, 2002 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider-Accelerator Dept HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB AB The AHF consists of a LINAC, a booster ring, a 50 GeV Synchrotron and an elaborate set of beam-lines for simultaneously delivering a string of 24 proton bunches from 12 different directions to a firing site (fs) chamber in which an explosion is in progress. This paper will discuss profile instrumentation being considered for the fs beam-lines and the Synchrotron. In the beam-lines most profiling devices will probably be harps but some fluorescent screen/camera systems may be used. For the Synchrotron RGIPM's may be used for observing individual bunches. The MCP usually placed in the vacuum for such-devices might be replaced by a scintillator viewed by a lens plus multianode PMT. In order to observe individual bunches, it may be necessary to increase the local vacuum pressure using a gas jet, molecular beam or a gas puff. Another option may be to view gas fluorescence with the same optical arrangement as used for the RGIPM. A carbon wire moving with velocities of 1 to 5 m/s is being considered as an intercepting device to observe stored beams consisting of one or two bunches. A quadrupole moment measuring system for determining transverse emittance is being investigated. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Sellyey, WC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS H817, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0103-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 648 BP 275 EP 282 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV93V UT WOS:000180453800022 ER PT S AU Wilinski, M Drees, A Michnoff, R Roser, T Smith, GA AF Wilinski, M Drees, A Michnoff, R Roser, T Smith, GA BE Smith, GA Russo, T TI Enhancements to the digital transverse dampers at the Brookhaven AGS SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 06-09, 2002 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider-Accelerator Dept HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB AB Since 1993, a digital transverse damper system has been used at the Brookhaven Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS). The dampers are used to damp coherent oscillations and injection errors in both planes for protons and all species of Heavy Ions. Over nine years, several AGS improvements, the addition of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) operations, and our experience, created a critical need to improve the original system. Several enhancements have been made to the digital electronics including compatibility with harmonic numbers up to 24, an increase in the system resolution from eight to ten bits, and the conversion of the system interface to VME. The analog electronics were also modified to appropriately interface with the new digital electronics, as well as to provide an overall functional improvement. The pick-up electrode (PUE) preamplifiers were redesigned to decrease the radiation susceptibility of the electronics. The concepts of the AGS Damper system can be utilized in developing a solution for the damping requirements in RHIC. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wilinski, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0103-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 648 BP 289 EP 296 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV93V UT WOS:000180453800024 ER PT S AU Gilpatrick, JD Gruchalla, M Kamperschroer, J O'Hara, J AF Gilpatrick, JD Gruchalla, M Kamperschroer, J O'Hara, J BE Smith, GA Russo, T TI Biasing wire scanners and halo scrapers for measuring 6.7-MeV proton-beam halo SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 06-09, 2002 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider-Accelerator Dept HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB AB Wire scanners and halo scrapers (WS/HS) were used to acquire projected beam distributions over a very wide dynamic range in order to determine the extent and study the formation of beam halo at the Low Energy Demonstration Accelerator (LEDA). To detect beam distributions over a large dynamic range, it was necessary to understand the effects of WS/HS biasing for optimizing wire and scraper signal amplitudes. Both wire scanners and halo scrapers were biased with both positive and negative potentials to +/- 200 V. WS/HS depleted-charge data were acquired at these different potentials and the amount of signed charge leaving or accumulating on the wire or scraper was measured. This paper will show these data, and will offer a discussion of an optimal biasing potential for these types of projected beam profile measurement devices. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gilpatrick, JD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS H808, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0103-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 648 BP 297 EP 304 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV93V UT WOS:000180453800025 ER PT S AU O'Hara, JF Gilpatrick, JD Ledford, JE Shurter, RB Roybal, RJ Bentley, BE AF O'Hara, JF Gilpatrick, JD Ledford, JE Shurter, RB Roybal, RJ Bentley, BE BE Smith, GA Russo, T TI The mechanical design and preliminary testing results of beam position monitors for the LANSCE isotope production facility and Switchyard Kicker projects SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 06-09, 2002 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider-Accelerator Dept HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB AB The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE-1) Beam Diagnostic Team is providing Beam Position Monitors (BPMs) to the LANSCE Facility for use in two on-going projects: The Isotope Production Facility (IPF) and The Switchyard Kicker Upgrade (SYK). The BPM designs for both projects are very similar. The BPMs are classic, four, micro-stripline units having one end terminated in a 50-ohm load. This paper will discuss the position measurement requirements, mechanical design, fabrication, and alignment issues encountered for both sets of BPMs, as well as report the results obtained from the initial taught wire testing of the IPF BPMs. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP O'Hara, JF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0103-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 648 BP 305 EP 312 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV93V UT WOS:000180453800026 ER PT S AU Johnson, R Li, ZH Naito, T Rifkin, J Smith, S Smith, V AF Johnson, R Li, ZH Naito, T Rifkin, J Smith, S Smith, V BE Smith, GA Russo, T TI Cavity BPMs for the NLC SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 06-09, 2002 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider-Accelerator Dept HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB AB The requirements on the Beam-Position Monitor (BPM) system for the proposed Next Linear Collider are very stringent, especially the requirements for position stability. In order to meet these requirements it was decided that cavity BPMs were the best choice. A pair of cavities resonant at 11.424 GHz was designed in a monolithic block. The dipole mode xy-cavity uses a novel coupling scheme that (in principal) has zero coupling to the monopole mode. The other cavity is resonant for the monopole mode and is used to determine the phase. Comprehensive simulations were performed before completion of the mechanical design and production of the first prototype. These results and subsequent tests of the prototype will be presented. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Johnson, R (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0103-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 648 BP 321 EP 328 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV93V UT WOS:000180453800028 ER PT S AU Witkover, RL Gassner, D AF Witkover, RL Gassner, D BE Smith, GA Russo, T TI Design of an improved ion chamber for the SNS SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 06-09, 2002 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider-Accelerator Dept HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB AB Ion chambers are in common use as beam loss monitors at many accelerators. A unit designed and used at FNAL and later at BNL was proposed for the SNS. Concerns about the ion collection times and low collection efficiency at high loss rates led to improvements to this unit and the design of an alternate chamber with better characteristics. Prototypes have been tested with pulsed beams. The design and test results for both detectors will be presented. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept CA, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Witkover, RL (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept CA, Bldg 911A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0103-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 648 BP 337 EP 344 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV93V UT WOS:000180453800030 ER PT S AU Witkover, R Gassner, D AF Witkover, R Gassner, D BE Smith, GA Russo, T TI Preliminary design of the beam loss monitoring system for the SNS SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 06-09, 2002 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider-Accelerator Dept HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB AB The SNS to be built at Oak Ridge National Laboratory will provide a high average intensity I GeV beam to produce spallation neutrons. Loss of even a small percentage of this intense beam would result in high radiation. The Beam Loss Monitor (BLM) system must be sensitive to low level, long term losses, and be capable of measuring infrequent short high losses. This large dynamic range presents special problems for the system design. Ion chambers will be used as the detectors. A detector originally designed for the FNAL Tevatron, was considered but concerns about ion collection times and low collection efficiency at high loss rates favor a new design. The requirements and design concepts of the proposed approach will be presented. Discussion of the design, testing of the ion chambers, and the analog front end electronics will be presented. The overall system design will be described. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, TechSource Inc, ORNL, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Witkover, R (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, TechSource Inc, ORNL, Bldg 817, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0103-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 648 BP 345 EP 352 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV93V UT WOS:000180453800031 ER PT S AU Gassner, D Bellavia, S Brown, KA Chiang, IH Pile, P Prigl, R AF Gassner, D Bellavia, S Brown, KA Chiang, IH Pile, P Prigl, R BE Smith, GA Russo, T TI Booster applications facility instrumentation SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 06-09, 2002 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider-Accelerator Dept HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB AB A new experimental facility being at built at BNL will take advantage of heavy-ion beams from the AGS Booster for radiation effects studies of importance for the Space Program. A large dynamic range response is necessary to accommodate a wide variety of species (protons to gold) and energies (100 MeV/amu to 1.3 GeV/amu). The instrumentation proposed for extraction control and transport diagnostics will include phosphor screens with video cameras, segmented wire ionization chambers, ion chambers, and scintillators. Design and development of these systems will be presented. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept CA, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Gassner, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept CA, Bldg 911A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0103-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 648 BP 353 EP 360 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV93V UT WOS:000180453800032 ER PT S AU Chase, BE Meisner, KG AF Chase, BE Meisner, KG BE Smith, GA Russo, T TI A digital signal receiver VXI module for BPM and phase detection processing SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 06-09, 2002 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider-Accelerator Dept HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB AB A VXI module containing eight digital receivers is described for use in the Fermilab Main Injector, Tevatron and Recycler Low Level RF systems. It is used as a phase detector and radial position processor for multi-harmonic RF operation. This module is also slated for use in the Recycler Electron Cooling system as a multiple beam BPM processor. The module and its many operational modes are discussed. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Chase, BE (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, 240 LeGrande Blvd,Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0103-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 648 BP 368 EP 375 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV93V UT WOS:000180453800034 ER PT S AU Dawson, WC Cameron, P Cerniglia, P Cupolo, J Degen, C DellaPenna, A Huhn, A Kesselman, M Mead, J Sikora, R AF Dawson, WC Cameron, P Cerniglia, P Cupolo, J Degen, C DellaPenna, A Huhn, A Kesselman, M Mead, J Sikora, R BE Smith, GA Russo, T TI BPM system for the SNS ring and transfer lines SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 06-09, 2002 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider-Accelerator Dept HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB AB The Spallation Neutron Source Ring accumulates about 1060 pulses of 38mA peak current 1GeV H-minus particles from the Linac thru the HEBT line, then delivers this accumulated beam in a single pulse to the mercury target via the RTBT line. Bunching frequency of beam in the HEBT line is 402.5MHz, and about 1MHz in the Ring and RTBT. Position monitor electrodes in HEBT are of the shorted stripline type, with apertures of 12cm except in the dispersive bend, where the aperture is 21cm. Ring and RTBT electrodes are open striplines, with apertures of 21, 26, 30, and 36cm. All pickups are dual plane. The electronics will be PC-based with the Analog/Digital Front End passing data and receiving control and timing thru a custom PCI interface developed by LANL[I]. LabVIEW will be used to direct the acquisition, process the data, and transfer results via Ethernet to the EPICS control system. To handle the dynamic range required with well over 60dB variation in signal size, the Ring and RTBT electronics will employ a fast gain switching technique that will take advantage of the 300ns tail-to-head gap to provide position measurement during the entire accumulation cycle. Beam-based alignment will be utilized as part of the system calibration. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Dawson, WC (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 817, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0103-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 648 BP 376 EP 383 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV93V UT WOS:000180453800035 ER PT S AU Yang, B Rotela, E Kim, S Lill, R Sharma, S AF Yang, B Rotela, E Kim, S Lill, R Sharma, S BE Smith, GA Russo, T TI Design and upgrade of a compact imaging system for the APS Linac bunch compressor SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 06-09, 2002 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider-Accelerator Dept HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB AB We present the design, performance, and recent upgrade of a high-resolution, high-charge-sensitivity imaging camera and beam position monitor (BPM) system for the APS linac beam profile measurement. Visible light is generated from the incoming electron beam using standard YAG or optical transition radiation (OTR) converter screens. Two CCD cameras share the light through a beam splitter, each with its own imaging optics. Normally, one camera is configured with high magnification and the other with large field of view. In a different lens configuration, one of the cameras focuses at the far field, allowing the measurement of beam divergence using an OTR screen, while the other camera simultaneous measures the beam size. A four-position actuator was installed recently to provide the option of two screens, a wakefield shield, and an in situ calibration target. A compact S-band beam position monitor electrode was designed to mount directly on the flag. The BPM rf circuit was fabricated from a machinable ceramic (MACOR) cylinder substrate, and the copper electrodes were deposited on the substrate. The new design and precision fabrication process make it viable to explore more complex microstrip components printed on the substrate and higher frequency applications. The proximity of the BPM and the camera (< 5 cm) will provide a precise calibration platform to study shot-toshot jitter, long-term stability of both systems, and the dependence of BPM signal on beam properties (size, charge distribution) due to nonlinearity. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, APS, AOD, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Yang, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, APS, AOD, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0103-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 648 BP 393 EP 400 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV93V UT WOS:000180453800037 ER PT S AU Lill, R Singh, O Arnold, N AF Lill, R Singh, O Arnold, N BE Smith, GA Russo, T TI New beam position monitor system design for the APS injector SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 06-09, 2002 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider-Accelerator Dept HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB AB Demands on the APS injector have evolved over the last few years to the point that an upgrade to the existing beam position monitor (BPM) electronics is required. The injector is presently being used as a source for both the low-energy undulator test line (LEUTL) project and the top-up mode of operation. These new requirements and the fact that many new rf receiver components are available at reasonable cost make this upgrade very desirable at this time. The receiver topology selected is a logarithmic processor, which is designed around the Analog Devices AD8313 log amplifier demodulation chip. This receiver will become the universal replacement for all injector applications measuring positions signals from 352 to 2856 MHz with minimum changes in hardware and without the use of a downconverter. The receiver design features integrated front-end gain and built-in self test. The data acquisition being considered at this time is a 100-MHz, 12-bit transient recorder digitizer. The latest experimental and commissioning data and results will be presented. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lill, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0103-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 648 BP 401 EP 408 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV93V UT WOS:000180453800038 ER PT S AU Drees, A Brennan, A Cameron, P Connolly, R Michnoff, R Montag, C AF Drees, A Brennan, A Cameron, P Connolly, R Michnoff, R Montag, C BE Smith, GA Russo, T TI A transverse injection damper at RHIC SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 06-09, 2002 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider-Accelerator Dept HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB AB During the RHIC Au-Au runs in 2000 and 2001 as well as in the polarized proton run in 2001 no transverse damping system existed. To overcome residual injection jitter and to maintain transverse beam emittances a transverse injection damping system is foreseen for the 2002/2003 run. This report describes the realization of the injection damping system and outlines the future upgrade into a bunch-to-bunch transverse instability damping system, which is expected to be required for increasing bunch intensities. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider Accelerator Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Drees, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider Accelerator Dept, Bldg 911B, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0103-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 648 BP 409 EP 416 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV93V UT WOS:000180453800039 ER PT S AU Kesselman, M Dawson, WC AF Kesselman, M Dawson, WC BE Smith, GA Russo, T TI Spallation neutron source beam current monitor electronics SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 06-09, 2002 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider-Accelerator Dept HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB AB This paper will discuss the present electronics design for the beam current monitor system to be used throughout the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) under construction at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The beam is composed of a micro-pulse structure due to the 402.5MHz RF, and is chopped into mini-pulses of 645ns duration with a 300ns gap, providing a macro-pulse of 1060 mini-pulses repeating at a 60Hz rate. Ring beam current will vary from about 15ma peak during studies, to about 50Amps peak (design to 100 amps). A digital approach to droop compensation has been implemented and initial test results presented. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kesselman, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 817, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0103-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 648 BP 417 EP 424 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV93V UT WOS:000180453800040 ER PT S AU Lumpkin, AH Berg, WJ Yang, BX AF Lumpkin, AH Berg, WJ Yang, BX BE Smith, GA Russo, T TI Nonintercepting imaging diagnostics for the APS injector during storage ring top-up operations SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 06-09, 2002 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider-Accelerator Dept HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB AB The recently implemented top-up operating mode of the Advanced Photon Source (APS) storage ring has motivated an emphasis on nonintercepting imaging diagnostics in the injectors. We present the upgrades to the optical synchrotron radiation (OSR) monitors on the accumulator ring and injector synchrotron as well as the plans for a new OSR monitor on a chicane dipole in the linac and for an optical diffraction radiation (ODR) monitor for the 7-GeV transport line to the storage ring. Two key issues are signal strength for a single macropulse in the chicane and discriminating key transverse information from the visible light ODR, respectively. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lumpkin, AH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0103-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 648 BP 433 EP 438 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV93V UT WOS:000180453800042 ER PT S AU Weber, JM Chin, MJ AF Weber, JM Chin, MJ BE Smith, GA Russo, T TI In-situ calibration: Migrating control system IP module calibration from the bench to the storage ring SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 06-09, 2002 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider-Accelerator Dept HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB AB The Control System for the Advanced Light Source (ALS) at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab (LBNL) uses in-house designed IndustryPack(R) (IP) modules contained in compact PCI (cPCI) crates with 16-bit analog I/O to control instrumentation. To make the IP modules interchangeable, each module is calibrated for gain and offset compensation. We initially developed a method of verifying and calibrating the IP modules in a lab bench test environment using a PC with LabVIEW. The subsequent discovery that the ADCs have significant drift characteristics over periods of days of installed operation prompted development of an "in-situ" calibration process--one in which the IP modules can be calibrated without removing them from the cPCI crates in the storage ring. This paper discusses the original LabVIEW PC calibration and the migration to the proposed in-situ EPICS control system calibration. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Weber, JM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0103-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 648 BP 467 EP 473 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV93V UT WOS:000180453800046 ER PT S AU Teytelman, D Fox, J AF Teytelman, D Fox, J BE Smith, GA Russo, T TI Set-up of PEP-II longitudinal feedback systems for even/odd bunch spacings SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 06-09, 2002 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider-Accelerator Dept HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB AB Feedback systems installed for control of coupled-bunch longitudinal instabilities in PEP-H collider have been designed to process bunch data at one half of the ring RF frequency. As a result these systems are ideally suited for controlling ring fills where only even or only odd RF buckets are populated (even bunch spacings). However in the operation of PEP-II per bunch charge considerations require fill patterns that alternately populate even and odd buckets. In this note we present a technique that allows to use existing hardware to provide feedback control of all bunches in such fills. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Teytelman, D (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, POB 4349, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0103-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 648 BP 474 EP 482 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV93V UT WOS:000180453800047 ER PT S AU Zhang, X Bishofberger, K Fitzgerald, J Kuznetsov, G Olson, M Semenov, A Shiltsev, V Solyak, N AF Zhang, X Bishofberger, K Fitzgerald, J Kuznetsov, G Olson, M Semenov, A Shiltsev, V Solyak, N BE Smith, GA Russo, T TI Operation of the beam diagnostics system for Tevatron electron lens SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 06-09, 2002 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider-Accelerator Dept HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB AB The first Tevatron Electron Lens (TEL) has been installed and commissioned successfully as part of the Beam-Beam Compensation project at Fermilab[l]. Currently it is operated routinely for DC beam cleaning during Tevatron luminosity stores and for advanced beam-beam studies. This paper reviews the electron and proton (antiproton) beam diagnostics, which allow us to measure beam intensity, waveform, losses, position, timing and profile. In addition, other proton (antiproton) diagnostics, available from the Tevatron control system, which are used for tuning beam parameters in the TEL (tune-shift, orbit, emittances, lifetime measurements, etc) are also described. We also present the results of measurements of the beam parameters and discussions for future upgrades. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Zhang, X (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0103-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 648 BP 483 EP 490 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV93V UT WOS:000180453800048 ER PT S AU Bolton, P Dowell, D Krejcik, P Rifkin, J AF Bolton, P Dowell, D Krejcik, P Rifkin, J BE Smith, GA Russo, T TI Techniques for electro-optic bunch length measurement at the femtosecond level SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 06-09, 2002 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider-Accelerator Dept HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB AB Electro optic methods to modulate ultra-short laser pulses using the electric field of a relativistic electron bunch have been demonstrated by several groups to obtain information about the electron bunch length charge distribution. We discuss the merits of different approaches of transforming the temporal coordinate of the electron bunch into either the spatial or frequency domains. The requirements for achieving femtosecond resolution with this technique are discussed. These techniques are being applied to the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) and the Sub-Picosecond Photon Source (SPPS) currently under construction at SLAC. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Krejcik, P (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0103-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 648 BP 491 EP 496 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV93V UT WOS:000180453800049 ER PT S AU Young, A McCormick, D Ross, M Smith, SR Hayano, H Naito, T Terunuma, N Araki, S AF Young, A McCormick, D Ross, M Smith, SR Hayano, H Naito, T Terunuma, N Araki, S BE Smith, GA Russo, T TI Design of a multi-bunch BPM for the next linear collider SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 06-09, 2002 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider-Accelerator Dept HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB AB The Next Linear Collider (NLC) will collide 180-bunch trains of electrons and positrons with bunch spacing of 1.4 ns. The small spot size (sigma(y) < 3 nm) at the interaction point requires precise control of emittance, which in turn requires the alignment of individual bunches in the train to within a fraction of a micron. Multi-bunch beam position monitors (BPMs) are to determine the bunch-to-bunch misalignment on each machine pulse. High bandwidth kickers will then be programmed to bring the train into better alignment on the next machine cycle. A prototype multi-bunch BPM system with bandwidth (350 MHz) sufficient to distinguish adjacent bunches has been built at SLAC. It is based on 5 G sample/s digitization of analog sum and difference channels. Calibration tone injection and logging of the single bunch impulse response provide the kernel for deconvolution of bunch-by-bunch position from the sum and difference waveforms. These multi-bunch BPMs have been tested in the Accelerator Test Facility at KEK and in the PEP-II ring at SLAC. The results of these measurements are presented in this paper. C1 SLAC, Stanford, CA USA. RP Young, A (reprint author), SLAC, Stanford, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0103-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 648 BP 508 EP 515 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV93V UT WOS:000180453800051 ER PT S AU Maenchen, JE Hahm, K Kincy, M Kitterman, D Lucero, R Menge, PR Molina, I Olson, C Rovang, DC Fulton, RD Carlson, R Smith, J Martinson, D Droemer, D Gignac, R Helvin, T Ormand, E Wilkins, F Welch, DR Oliver, BV Rose, DV Bailey, V Corcoran, P Johnson, DL Smith, ID Weidenheimer, D Cooperstein, G Commisso, R Mosher, D Stephanakis, S Schumer, J Swanekamp, S Young, F Goldsack, TJ Cooper, GM Pearce, AG Phillips, MA Sinclair, MA Thomas, KJ Williamson, M Cordova, S Woodring, R Schamiloglu, E AF Maenchen, JE Hahm, K Kincy, M Kitterman, D Lucero, R Menge, PR Molina, I Olson, C Rovang, DC Fulton, RD Carlson, R Smith, J Martinson, D Droemer, D Gignac, R Helvin, T Ormand, E Wilkins, F Welch, DR Oliver, BV Rose, DV Bailey, V Corcoran, P Johnson, DL Smith, ID Weidenheimer, D Cooperstein, G Commisso, R Mosher, D Stephanakis, S Schumer, J Swanekamp, S Young, F Goldsack, TJ Cooper, GM Pearce, AG Phillips, MA Sinclair, MA Thomas, KJ Williamson, M Cordova, S Woodring, R Schamiloglu, E BE Mehlhorn, TA Sweeney, MA TI Intense electron beam sources for flash radiography SO BEAMS 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, Sandia Natl Labs, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, USAF Res Lab AB High intensity pulsed electron beams are used to create bremsstrahlung x-ray sources for flash radiographic interrogation of dynamic experiments. Typical industrial sources operate below 200 GW/cm(2) intensities, while experimental requirements can demand above 50 TW/cm(2). Recent developments in pulsed power-driven high intensity electron beam systems have significantly increased these operating regimes, demonstrating 20 TW/cm(2), and computations predict successful extrapolation, to higher intensities. Detailed. studies of electron beam configurations, both theoretical and experimental, and the prognosis for each to increase to the. required levels is discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Maenchen, JE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0107-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 650 BP 117 EP 122 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BV86U UT WOS:000180265400026 ER PT S AU Rovang, D Welch, D Ives, H Johnson, DL Kincy, M Lesch, B Maenchen, J Menge, P Molina, I Oliver, B Olson, C Swenson, C VanDeValde, D AF Rovang, D Welch, D Ives, H Johnson, DL Kincy, M Lesch, B Maenchen, J Menge, P Molina, I Oliver, B Olson, C Swenson, C VanDeValde, D BE Mehlhorn, TA Sweeney, MA TI Status and plans for the next generation magnetically immersed diodes on RITS SO BEAMS 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, Sandia Natl Labs, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, USAF Res Lab AB Sandia National Laboratories is investigating and developing high-dose, high-brightness flash radiographic sources. We are in the process of designing; fabricating and conducting engineering tests on the next-generation magnetically immersed electron diodes. These diodes employ unique, large-bore (80-110 mm), high-field (28-45 T), cryogenically-cooled solenoid magnets to help produce an intense electron beam from a needle-like cathode "immersed" in the strong B, field of the magnet. The diode designs and status of the engineering development are described. Later this year we plan to conduct experiments with these sources on the new Radiographic Integrated Test Stand (RITS) [1], now in operation at Sandia. In its present three-stage configuration, RITS provides a 4-MV, 150-kA, 70-ns pulse to the diode. Fully three-dimensional particle in cell LSP code [2] simulations are used to investigate relevant physics issues and the expected radiographic performance (spot size and dose) of this system. Preliminary results from these simulations are described. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rovang, D (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0107-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 650 BP 127 EP 130 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BV86U UT WOS:000180265400028 ER PT S AU Hahn, K Rose, D Rovang, D Bailey, V Cordova, S Gignac, R Johnson, DL Kincy, M Lucero, R Maenchen, J Molina, I Oliver, B Welch, D Wilkins, F Woodring, R AF Hahn, K Rose, D Rovang, D Bailey, V Cordova, S Gignac, R Johnson, DL Kincy, M Lucero, R Maenchen, J Molina, I Oliver, B Welch, D Wilkins, F Woodring, R BE Mehlhorn, TA Sweeney, MA TI Initial powerflow studies on RITS SO BEAMS 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, Sandia Natl Labs, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, USAF Res Lab AB Sandia National Laboratories is investigating and developing high-dose and high-brightness flash radiographic sources. In collaboration with colleagues from MRC, AWE and Titan Pulsed Sciences Division, Sandia is conducting powerflow studies into paraxial diodes on the Radiographic Integrated Test Stand (RITS)(1). Historically high-impedance accelerators have driven these diodes with little excess powerflow into the diode. However, a number of facilities now under design will use lower impedance Inductive Voltage Adder (IVA) technology to drive these diodes resulting in additional excess powerflow into the diode. The goals of these recent experiments conducted at Sandia were to assess these powerflow issues and to help benchmark LSP (2), the Particle-in-Cell code being used as a design tool for studying the coupling of powerflow from the accelerator into the diode. An integral part of the AWE-style paraxial diode is the non-emitting "knob". LSP was used early in the design of the experiments to study the effects of different size knobs on the powerflow into the diode region for both a hollow cathode load and a radiographic diode. These simulation results suggested that larger knobs are more effective in retrapping the upstream MITI, bound current while keeping the excess power flow out of the diode region. Initial experiments were performed with a hollow cathode to diagnose how well each size knob works in diverting the excess powerflow. Preliminary results of these experiments. and comparisons to LSP simulations are presented. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hahn, K (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0107-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 650 BP 131 EP 134 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BV86U UT WOS:000180265400029 ER PT S AU Smith, JR Carlson, R Fulton, RD Altes, R Carboni, V Chavez, JR Corcoran, P Coulter, WL Douglas, J Droemer, D Gibson, WA Helvin, TB Henderson, DJ Johnson, DL Maenchen, JE Mitton, CV Molina, I Nishimoto, H Ormond, EC Ortega, PA Quicksilver, RJ Ridlon, NR Rose, EA Scholfield, DW Smith, I Valerio, AR White, R AF Smith, JR Carlson, R Fulton, RD Altes, R Carboni, V Chavez, JR Corcoran, P Coulter, WL Douglas, J Droemer, D Gibson, WA Helvin, TB Henderson, DJ Johnson, DL Maenchen, JE Mitton, CV Molina, I Nishimoto, H Ormond, EC Ortega, PA Quicksilver, RJ Ridlon, NR Rose, EA Scholfield, DW Smith, I Valerio, AR White, R BE Mehlhorn, TA Sweeney, MA TI Performance of the Cygnus X-ray source SO BEAMS 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, Sandia Natl Labs, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, USAF Res Lab AB Cygnus is a radiographic x-ray source developed for support of the Sub-Critical Experiments Program at the Nevada Test Site. Major requirements for this application are: a dramatically reduced spot size as compared to both Government Laboratory and existing commercial alternatives, layout flexibility, and reliability. Cygnus incorporates proven pulsed power technology (Marx Generator, Pulse Forming Line, Water Transmission Line, and Inductive Voltage Adder sub-components) to drive a high voltage vacuum diode. In the case of Cygnus, a relatively new approach (the rod pinch diode [1]) is employed to achieve a small source diameter. Design specifications are: 2.25 MeV endpoint energy, < 1 mm source diameter, and >3 rads dose at 1 meter. The pulsed power and system architecture design plan has been previously presented [2]. The first set of Cygnus shots were geared to verification of electrical parameters and, therefore, used a large area diode configuration offering increased shot rate as compared to that of the rod pinch diode. In this paper we present results of initial rod pinch operation in terms of electrical and radiation parameters. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Smith, JR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 2 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0107-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 650 BP 135 EP 138 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BV86U UT WOS:000180265400030 ER PT S AU Burns, MJ Caporaso, GJ Carlsten, BE Chen, YJ Chow, KP Cook, EG Davis, HA Ekdahl, CA Fawley, WM Fortgang, CM Hughes, TP McCuistian, BRT Nielsen, KE Rutkowski, HL Sampayan, S Waldron, WL Watson, JA Westenskow, GA Yu, SS AF Burns, MJ Caporaso, GJ Carlsten, BE Chen, YJ Chow, KP Cook, EG Davis, HA Ekdahl, CA Fawley, WM Fortgang, CM Hughes, TP McCuistian, BRT Nielsen, KE Rutkowski, HL Sampayan, S Waldron, WL Watson, JA Westenskow, GA Yu, SS BE Mehlhorn, TA Sweeney, MA TI Status of the Dual Axis Radiographic Hydrodynamics Test (DARHT) facility SO BEAMS 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, Sandia Natl Labs, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, USAF Res Lab AB The Dual-Axis Radiographic Hydrodynamics Test (DARHT) facility will employ two perpendicular electron Linear Induction Accelerators to produce intense, bremsstrahlung x-ray pulses for flash radiography. We intend to produce measurements containing three-dimensional information with sub-millimeter spatial resolution of the interior features of very dense, explosively-driven objects. The facility will be completed in two phases with the first phase having become operational in July 1999 utilizing a single-pulse, 20-MeV, 2-kA, 60-ns accelerator, a high-resolution electro-optical x-ray imaging system, and other hydrodynamics testing systems. We will briefly describe this machine. The first electron beams will be generated in the second phase of DARHT this year. The second DARHT accelerator consists of a 18.4-MeV, 2-kA, 2-microsecond pulse-width accelerator. Four short electron micropulses of variable pulse-width and spacing will be chopped out of the original, long accelerator pulse for producing time-resolved x-ray images. The second phase also features an extended, high-resolution electro-optical x-ray system with a framing speed of about 2-MHz. We will discuss this accelerator by summarizing the overall design of the long-pulse injector and accelerator. We will also discuss the fast kicker used to separate the long-pulse beam into short bursts suitable for radiography. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Burns, MJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0107-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 650 BP 139 EP 142 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BV86U UT WOS:000180265400031 ER PT S AU McCarrick, J AF McCarrick, J BE Mehlhorn, TA Sweeney, MA TI A composite target concept for multi-pulse radiography SO BEAMS 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, Sandia Natl Labs, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, USAF Res Lab AB Multi-pulse radiographic accelerators, such as the DARAT-II facility under construction at Los Alamos National. Laboratory, generate X-rays by striking a solid, high-Z "bremsstrahlung converter target" with a tightly focused, high-current, relativistic electron beam. In the process, the converter target is heated to a plasma state and significant thermal expansion can occur during the interval between pulses, depleting the beam focus region of target material and reducing the X-ray output. Beam scatter and various other technical constraints prevent using thicker targets, moving the electron beam to a fresh target region, or moving fresh target material into a fixed beam location. The remaining possibility is,to optimize the choice of target material to maximize the effective heat capacity while maintaining dose and minimizing scatter. A kinematic model of a "composite target" of high-Z material in a low-Z matrix is presented here as a candidate for such an optimized target. The thermal destruction of the target cannot be avoided but can-be slowed sufficiently to maintain the necessary output dose. Methods of manufacturing such targets, and their radiographic performance, are being tested at the ETA-II accelerator facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP McCarrick, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-645, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0107-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 650 BP 143 EP 146 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BV86U UT WOS:000180265400032 ER PT S AU Chen, YJ Bertolini, L Caporaso, GJ Ho, DDM McCarrick, JF Paul, AC Pincosy, PA Poole, BR Wang, LF Westenskow, GA AF Chen, YJ Bertolini, L Caporaso, GJ Ho, DDM McCarrick, JF Paul, AC Pincosy, PA Poole, BR Wang, LF Westenskow, GA BE Mehlhorn, TA Sweeney, MA TI Downstream transport system for the second axis of the Dual-Axis Radiographic Hydrodynamic Test facility SO BEAMS 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, Sandia Natl Labs, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, USAF Res Lab AB This paper presents physics design of the DARHT-II downstream system, which consists of a diagnostic beam stop, a novel, fast, high-precision kicker system and the x-ray converter target assembly. The beamline configuration and its beam parameter acceptance, the transverse resistive wall instability modeling, the ion hose instability in the presence of the background gas, and the simulations of beam spill are discussed. We also present the target converter assembly's configuration, and the simulated x-ray spot sizes and doses based on the radiation hydrodynamics code LASNEX and the Monte Carlo radiation transport code MCNP. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Chen, YJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0107-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 650 BP 147 EP 150 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BV86U UT WOS:000180265400033 ER PT S AU Chen, YJ McCarrick, JF Paul, AC Westenskow, GA AF Chen, YJ McCarrick, JF Paul, AC Westenskow, GA BE Mehlhorn, TA Sweeney, MA TI Final focusing system for the second axis of the Dual-Axis Radiographic Hydrodynamic Test facility SO BEAMS 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, Sandia Natl Labs, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, USAF Res Lab AB The DARHT-II final focusing system consists of a solenoid and a foil, which is used to confine backstreaming ions. The separation between the converter target and the foil needs to be small to minimize the ion focusing effects. The beam spot size on the foil has to be large enough to ensure survivability of the foil while it is being struck by four high current pulses over 2 microsecond period. We have investigated several final focusing lens and focusing schemes. The simulation results of the beam spot size on the target are presented. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Chen, YJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0107-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 650 BP 151 EP 154 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BV86U UT WOS:000180265400034 ER PT S AU Lauer, EJ Caporaso, GJ Chambers, FW Chen, YJ Falabella, S Guethlein, G McCarrick, J Richardson, R Sampayan, S Weir, J AF Lauer, EJ Caporaso, GJ Chambers, FW Chen, YJ Falabella, S Guethlein, G McCarrick, J Richardson, R Sampayan, S Weir, J BE Mehlhorn, TA Sweeney, MA TI Search for backstreaming ion defocusing during a single pulse of a 2 kA relativistic electron beam SO BEAMS 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, Sandia Natl Labs, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, USAF Res Lab AB Desorption and subsequent ionization of the monolayers from the vacuum wall of an accelerator system can have a detrimental effect on the performance of the beam transport system. Ions extracted from the resultant plasma neutralize the spacecharge and dynamically perturb the net focusing forces within the beam. To study the effect, a transparent first foil, presumably with contaminants on the surface, intercepts the beam. Placing an imaging foil tens of centimeters downstream from the first foil allows observation of minor fluxuations in the envelope. Using conducting foil targets, we see no effect unless the beam radius is small enough to damage the foil. Non-conducting foils produce a strong effect. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lauer, EJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0107-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 650 BP 248 EP 251 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BV86U UT WOS:000180265400057 ER PT J AU Bierman, PR Caffee, MW Davis, PT Marsella, K Pavich, M Colgan, P Mickelson, D Larsen, J AF Bierman, PR Caffee, MW Davis, PT Marsella, K Pavich, M Colgan, P Mickelson, D Larsen, J TI Rates and timing of earth surface processes from in situ-produced cosmogenic Be-10 SO BERYLLIUM: MINERALOGY, PETROLOGY, AND GEOCHEMISTRY SE REVIEWS IN MINERALOGY & GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID EASTERN BAFFIN-ISLAND; AUSTRALIAN BEDROCK EROSION; PRE-PLEISTOCENE LANDSCAPES; NUCLIDE PRODUCTION-RATES; EXCEPTIONALLY LOW RATES; LAURENTIDE ICE-SHEET; RAY-EXPOSURE DATES; IN-SITU; SCALING FACTORS; CRITICAL REEVALUATION C1 Univ Vermont, Dept Geol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Univ Vermont, Sch Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Bentley Coll, Dept Nat Sci, Waltham, MA 02152 USA. Skidmore Coll, Dept Geol, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. Northeastern Univ, Dept Geol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Geol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Bierman, PR (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Geol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RI Caffee, Marc/K-7025-2015 OI Caffee, Marc/0000-0002-6846-8967 NR 227 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 12 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW, SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-5274 USA SN 1529-6466 J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM PY 2002 VL 50 BP 147 EP 205 PG 59 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA BW13E UT WOS:000180949600004 ER PT S AU Jager, HI Van Winkle, W Chandler, JA Lepla, KB Bates, P Counihan, TD AF Jager, HI Van Winkle, W Chandler, JA Lepla, KB Bates, P Counihan, TD BE VanWinkle, W Anders, PJ Secor, DH Dixon, DA TI A simulation study of factors controlling white sturgeon recruitment in the snake river SO BIOLOGY, MANAGEMENT, AND PROTECTION OF NORTH AMERICAN STURGEONS SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Biology, Management, and Protection of North American Sturgeon CY AUG 24-25, 2000 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP Elect Power Res Inst, Amer Fisheries Soc ID LOWER COLUMBIA-RIVER; ACIPENSER-TRANSMONTANUS; POPULATION REGULATION; CHINOOK SALMON; LIFE-HISTORY; TEMPERATURE; MODEL; PROTECTION; VIABILITY; HABITAT AB Five of the nine populations of white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus, located between dams on the Middle Snake River, have declined from historical levels and are now at risk of extinction. One step towards more effectively protecting and managing these nine populations is ranking factors that influence recruitment in each of these river segments. We developed a model to suggest which of seven mechanistic factors contribute most to lost recruitment in each river segment: (1) temperature-related mortality during incubation, (2) flow-related mortality during incubation, (3) downstream export of larvae, (4) limitation of juvenile and adult habitat, (5) mortality of all ages during summer episodes of poor water quality in reservoirs, (6) entrainment mortality of juveniles and adults, and (7) angling mortality. We simulated recruitment with, and without, each of the seven factors, over a typical series of hydrologic years. We found a hierarchical pattern of limitation. In the first tier, river segments with severe water quality problems grouped together. Poor water quality during summer had a strong negative effect on recruitment in the river segments between Swan Falls Dam and Hell's Canyon Dam. In the second tier, river segments with better water quality divided into short river segments and longer river segments. Populations in short river segments were limited by larval export. Populations in longer river segments tended to be less strongly limited by any one factor. We also found that downstream effects could be important, suggesting that linked populations cannot be viewed in isolation. In two cases, the effects of a factor on an upstream population had a significant influence on its downstream neighbors. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jager, HI (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 52 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-36-0 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2002 VL 28 BP 127 EP 150 PG 24 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BU81L UT WOS:000177114000011 ER PT J AU Garten, CT AF Garten, CT TI Soil carbon storage beneath recently established tree plantations in Tennessee and South Carolina, USA SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE soil C sequestration; soil nitrogen; particulate organic matter; mineral-associated organic matter; loblolly pine; tree plantations ID LAND-USE CHANGE; ORGANIC-MATTER; UNITED-STATES; FOREST; CULTIVATION; TEMPERATURE; DYNAMICS; DECOMPOSITION; SEQUESTRATION; ACCUMULATION AB Rates of soil carbon (C) accumulation under 7 recently established tree plantations in Tennessee and South Carolina (USA) were estimated by comparing soil C stocks under the plantations to adjacent reference (nonplantation) sites. Estimated rates of C accumulation in surface (0-40 cm) mineral soil were 40-170 g C m(-2) yr(-1) during the first decade following plantation establishment. Most soil C at each site was found in mineral-associated organic matter (i.e., soil C associated with the silt-clay fraction). Soils with high sand content and low initial C stocks exhibited the greatest gains in particulate organic matter C (POM-C). Labile soil C stocks (consisting of forest floor and mineral soil POM-C) became an increasingly important component of soil C storage as loblolly pine stands aged. Rates of mineral soil C accumulation were highly variable in the first decade of plantation growth, depending on location, but the findings support a hypothesis that farm to tree plantation conversions can result in high initial rates of soil C accumulation in the southeastern United States. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Garten, CT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008,Mail Stop 6038, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI El Husny, Chafic/G-5410-2012 NR 29 TC 54 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 2002 VL 23 IS 2 BP 93 EP 102 AR PII S0961-9534(02)00033-8 DI 10.1016/S0961-9534(02)00033-8 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 578KF UT WOS:000177115800002 ER PT J AU Sokhansanj, S Turhollow, A Cushman, J Cundiff, J AF Sokhansanj, S Turhollow, A Cushman, J Cundiff, J TI Engineering aspects of collecting corn stover for bioenergy SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE corn; maize; stover; stalk; straw; residue; harvest; baling; equipment; cost AB More than 216 million t (238 million tons) of corn stover (dry basis) is produced annually in the USA of which a portion could possibly be collected for conversion to ethanol and other industrial products. This paper examines published data on collecting corn stover using field machinery, including moisture content, mass fractions, and the amount of stover removed from the field. It is shown that a typical sequence of shredding, windrowing and round baling operations may result in a collection efficiency of < 40%. Other factors such as weather, season, and leaving stover for environmental reasons may also reduce the amount of stover collected per unit area. Collection cost would depend on the amount of stover collected per unit area, the number of operations, machine efficiency in each operation, and bulk density. A typical cost calculated for round baling and delivering the bales to a storage 8 km (5 miles) away from a harvested field amounted to $21.60/dry t ($19.70/dry ton). (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, N Logan, UT 84341 USA. Virginia Tech Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Sokhansanj, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, 212-150 22nd St, N Vancouver, BC V7M 3M4, Canada. NR 27 TC 98 Z9 107 U1 1 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 2002 VL 23 IS 5 BP 347 EP 355 AR PII S0961-9534(02)00063-6 DI 10.1016/S0961-9534(02)00063-6 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 609JG UT WOS:000178899400004 ER PT J AU Alma, MH Kelley, SS AF Alma, MH Kelley, SS TI The application of pyrolysis-molecular beam mass spectrometry for characterization of bark phenolysis products SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE pyrolysis-molecular beam mass spectrometry; bark; phenolysis ID FLASH PYROLYSIS; PINE BARK; WOOD; DECOMPOSITION; CONDENSATION; ACID AB Barks From Four common Mediterranean trees subjected to phenolysis under acidic conditions at moderate temperature 130degreesC or 150degreesC) were evaluated with pyrolysis-molecular beam mass spectrometer (py-MBMS). The results indicated that both concentration of acid catalyst and the phenolysis temperature have an impact on the chemical composition of both the isolated oils and the solid residue, with the acid concentration having the greatest influence. The primary phenolysis reaction products included phenolics and Furans. As expected, at higher acid concentrations the phenolysis products contained less carbohydrate and included more phenolic fragments. These phenolysis oils should be useful as feedstocks for the production of phenol formaldehyde resins. The py-MBMS method was found to be an effective and convenient method to understand bark phenolysis. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ, Dept Ind Engn Forestry, TR-46060 K Maras, Turkey. RP Kelley, SS (reprint author), Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 2002 VL 22 IS 5 BP 411 EP 419 AR PII S0961-9534(02)00018-1 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 551QT UT WOS:000175573200009 ER PT S AU Vo-Dinh, T Kasili, P Cullum, B AF Vo-Dinh, T Kasili, P Cullum, B BE VoDinh, T Benaron, DA Grundfest, WS TI Multi-spectral imaging for medical diagnostics SO BIOMEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC, GUIDANCE, AND SURGICAL-ASSIST SYSTEMS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Biomedical Diagnostic, Guidance, and Surgical-Assist Systems CY JAN 20-21, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE multi-spectral imaging; medical diagnostics; biomedical photonics; biomedical optics; acousto-optic tunable filter; AOTF; fluorescence imaging ID ACOUSTOOPTIC TUNABLE FILTERS; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; SPECTROSCOPY; SCATTERING; SPECTROMETER; DETECTORS; DEVICES AB We report the development of a multi-spectral imaging (MSI) device for medical diagnostic applications. The MSI device uses an acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) for wavelength selection and a two-dimensional charge-coupled device (CCD) for detection. Unlike a tunable grating or prism-based monochromator, the tunable filter has no moving parts, and can be rapidly tuned to any wavelength within its operating range. The large aperture of the AOTF and its high spatial resolution allows the optical image from an imaging fiber optic probe (IFP) to be recorded by the CCD. These characteristics, combined with their small size, make AOTFs important new alternatives to conventional monochromators, especially for spectral imaging in biomedical applications. Several applications of biomedical interest (fluorescence imaging, brain tissue imaging, etc.) are described to illustrate the usefulness of the MSI system. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Adv Biomed Sci & Technol Grp, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vo-Dinh, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Adv Biomed Sci & Technol Grp, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4354-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4615 BP 13 EP 19 DI 10.1117/12.466651 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BU69W UT WOS:000176733200002 ER PT S AU Mobley, J Cullum, BM Holland, MC Vo-Dinh, T AF Mobley, J Cullum, BM Holland, MC Vo-Dinh, T BE VoDinh, T Benaron, DA Grundfest, WS TI Transcranial ultrasound for brain injury monitoring: Initial clinical studies SO BIOMEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC, GUIDANCE, AND SURGICAL-ASSIST SYSTEMS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Biomedical Diagnostic, Guidance, and Surgical-Assist Systems CY JAN 20-21, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE ID SONOGRAPHY AB In this work, we discuss data acquired in a clinical investigation to evaluate the utility of transcranial ultrasound for monitoring/detecting brain injury. Using a portable ultrasonic data acquisition system, over one thousand transcranial waveforms were captured from five subjects, including three head-injured patients. Several representative waveforms are shown to demonstrate the feasibility of the ultrasonic detection scheme and to illustrate the similarities and variabilities among the signals acquired in this study. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Adv Biomed Sci & Technol Grp, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mobley, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Adv Biomed Sci & Technol Grp, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4354-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4615 BP 53 EP 60 DI 10.1117/12.466635 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BU69W UT WOS:000176733200007 ER PT S AU Cullum, BM Mobley, J Stokes, DL Allain, LR Stratis, DN Wintenberg, AL Maples, B Vo-Dinh, T AF Cullum, BM Mobley, J Stokes, DL Allain, LR Stratis, DN Wintenberg, AL Maples, B Vo-Dinh, T BE VoDinh, T Benaron, DA Grundfest, WS TI Development of a portable Raman spectrometer for medical diagnostics SO BIOMEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC, GUIDANCE, AND SURGICAL-ASSIST SYSTEMS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Biomedical Diagnostic, Guidance, and Surgical-Assist Systems CY JAN 20-21, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE Raman spectroscopy; biomedical diagnostics; portable; genechip; biochip; multiplexed ID ACOUSTOOPTIC TUNABLE FILTER; NO-MOVING-PARTS; IN-VIVO; RESONANCE RAMAN; LASER EXCITATION; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRA; MICROSPECTROSCOPY; CALCULUS; COMPACT AB This paper describes a self-contained, portable Raman instrument that has been developed for biomedical analyses. The instrument consists of a 785-nm diode laser for excitation, an acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) for wavelength discrimination, and an avalanche photodiode for detection. The primary component of this system is the AOTF and it has been selected based on its spectral range along with its high resolution, similar to7.5 cm(-1). Software has been developed in house in the programming language of C for controlling the instrument (i.e. the AOTF frequency, the signal acquisition, etc.). Evaluation of this instrument has been performed by analyzing several standard samples and comparing their spectra to spectra acquired using a conventional laboratory system. In addition to system evaluation, this paper will also discuss potential applications of this instrument to multiplexed genechip types of analyses. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vo-Dinh, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4354-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2002 VL 4615 BP 82 EP 90 DI 10.1117/12.466637 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BU69W UT WOS:000176733200010 ER PT S AU Cullum, BM Griffin, GD Vo-Dinh, T AF Cullum, BM Griffin, GD Vo-Dinh, T BE VoDinh, T Benaron, DA Grundfest, WS TI Nanosensors: Design and application to site-specific cellular analyses SO BIOMEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC, GUIDANCE, AND SURGICAL-ASSIST SYSTEMS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Biomedical Diagnostic, Guidance, and Surgical-Assist Systems CY JAN 20-21, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE nanoprobe; nanosensor; nanotechnology; bioprobe; antibody; benzo[a]pyrene; benzopyrene tetrol; carcinogen; cancer; intracellular measurement ID OPTICAL NANOSENSORS; SINGLE-CELL; BIOSENSOR; SENSORS AB We report the development and application of an antibody-based nanoprobe for in situ measurements within a single cell. The nanoprobe has an antibody-based probe targeted to benzopyrene tetrol (BPT), a metabolite of the carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and the BaP-DNA adduct. Detection of BPT is of biomedical interest since this species can potentially serve as a biomarker for the monitoring of DNA damage due to BaP exposure and for possible pre-cancer diagnoses. The measurements were performed on the rat liver epithelial Clone 9 cell line, which was used as the model cell system. Nanoprobes were inserted into individual cells, incubated five minutes to allow anti.-en-antibody binding, and then removed for fluorescence detection. Prior to measurements, the cells had been treated with BPT. A concentration of 9.6 +/- 0.2 x 10(-11) M has been determined for BPT in the individual cells investigated. The results demonstrate the possibility of in situ measurements inside a single cell using an antibody-based nanoprobes. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Adv Biomed Sci & Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cullum, BM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Adv Biomed Sci & Technol Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4354-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4615 BP 148 EP 154 DI 10.1117/12.466642 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BU69W UT WOS:000176733200017 ER PT S AU Mobley, J Vo-Dinh, T AF Mobley, J Vo-Dinh, T BE VoDinh, T Benaron, DA Grundfest, WS TI Opto-ultrasonic system for generation of ultrasound and optical detection SO BIOMEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC, GUIDANCE, AND SURGICAL-ASSIST SYSTEMS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Biomedical Diagnostic, Guidance, and Surgical-Assist Systems CY JAN 20-21, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE AB In this work, we examine a system that exploits the photoacoustic effect to act as an ultrasonic pulse generator and an optical detector. At the core of the system are a solid substrate and an optical absorber. To test the performance as an ultrasonic generator, several substrate-absorber (SA) combinations are examined. The pulses generated by these systems are evaluated based on their bi-directional symmetry and characteristics of their Fourier spectra. To demonstrate the use of the SA system as an optical detector, a linearity study was performed for one specific choice of substrate and absorber. These substrate-absorber systems exhibit a variety of behaviors, and form a versatile set of tools for ultrasound, optical and hybrid use. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Adv Biomed Sci & Technol Grp, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mobley, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Adv Biomed Sci & Technol Grp, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4354-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4615 BP 173 EP 179 DI 10.1117/12.466645 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BU69W UT WOS:000176733200020 ER PT S AU Millaud, JE AF Millaud, JE BE Bornhop, DJ Dunn, DA Mariella, RP Murphy, CJ Nicolau, DV Nie, S Palmer, M Raghavachari, R TI Detectors for protein crystallography: An overview of current developments in direct detection and prospects for additional capabilities SO BIOMEDICAL NANOTECHNOLOGY ARCHITECTURES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biomedical Nanotechnology Architectures and Applications CY JAN 20-24, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE protein crystallography; direct detection; flux integrating; event driven ID PIXEL AB The need for higher throughput, higher dynamic range detectors for protein crystallography is stimulating work on new detector concepts. Current detectors such as photo-cathode converters optically coupled to Charge Coupled Devices (CCDs) use a two steps detection process. The incoming X-ray is converted in the photo-cathode in low energy photons. These longer wavelength photons can be efficiently detected in the CCD where they create an electrical charge. The overall process is quite inefficient as few photons are generated in the primary converter and fewer are collected in the CCD. Due to the scarcity of photons per X-ray an event driven processing of the information (i.e. photon counting) is impossible. New approaches favors the direct detection of the incoming photon using either semiconductor detectors, the most commonly used being silicon, or gas detectors with internal amplification. The incoming photons directly create charge in the detector at levels sufficient to be processed on a per event basis. All these approaches share common features: event level processing, large dynamic range, and fast readout leading to high throughput. While the primary application is in photon counting these detectors are also capable of providing multi-parameter data such as the measure of the X-ray energy and its time of occurrence. Several groups are working on the development of these detectors using different approaches to the capture of the information and its readout. The capabilities and limitations of these implementations are reviewed. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Measurement Sci Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Millaud, JE (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Measurement Sci Grp, Bldg 62,MS 309,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4365-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4626 BP 268 EP 275 DI 10.1117/12.472091 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU92U UT WOS:000177419500033 ER PT S AU Hartemann, FV Gibson, DJ Brown, WJ Rupp, B Baldis, HA AF Hartemann, FV Gibson, DJ Brown, WJ Rupp, B Baldis, HA BE Bornhop, DJ Dunn, DA Mariella, RP Murphy, CJ Nicolau, DV Nie, S Palmer, M Raghavachari, R TI Development of a compact, tunable, laser-driven Compton scattering x-ray source for protein crystallography SO BIOMEDICAL NANOTECHNOLOGY ARCHITECTURES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biomedical Nanotechnology Architectures and Applications CY JAN 20-24, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE AB A complete, three-dimensional theory of Compton scattering is described, which fully takes into account the effects of the electron beam emittance and energy spread upon the scattered x-ray spectral brightness. In the linear regime, and in the absence of radiative corrections; it is found that each vacuum eigenmode gives rise to a single Doppler-shifted classical dipole excitation. This formalism is then applied to Compton scattering in a three-dimensional laser focus, and yields a complete description of the influence of the electron beam phase space topology on the x-ray spectral brightness; analytical expressions including the effects of emittance and energy spread are also obtained in the one-dimensional limit. Within this framework, the x-ray brightness generated by a 25 MeV electron beam is modeled, fully taking into account the beam emittance and energy spread, as well as the three-dimensional nature of the laser focus; its application to x-ray protein crystallography is outlined. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Adv Technol Directorate, Inst Laser Sci & Applicat, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hartemann, FV (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Adv Technol Directorate, Inst Laser Sci & Applicat, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4365-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4626 BP 276 EP 288 DI 10.1117/12.472092 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU92U UT WOS:000177419500034 ER PT S AU Green, LD Cai, H Torney, DC Wood, DJ Uribe-Romeo, FJ Kaderali, L Nolan, JP White, PS AF Green, LD Cai, H Torney, DC Wood, DJ Uribe-Romeo, FJ Kaderali, L Nolan, JP White, PS BE Bornhop, DJ Dunn, DA Mariella, RP Murphy, CJ Nicolau, DV Nie, S Palmer, M Raghavachari, R TI High-throughput SNP scoring with GAMMArrays: Genomic analysis using multiplexed microsphere arrays SO BIOMEDICAL NANOTECHNOLOGY ARCHITECTURES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biomedical Nanotechnology Architectures and Applications CY JAN 20-24, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE genotyping; SBE; bioinformatics; genomics ID NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS; FLUORESCENT; EXTENSION; PLATFORM; ASSAY AB We have developed a SNP scoring platform, yielding high throughput, inexpensive assays. The basic platform uses fluorescently labeled DNA fragments bound to microspheres, which are analyzed using flow cytometry. SNP scoring is performed using minisequencing primers and fluorescently labeled dideoxynucleotides. Furthermore, multiplexed microspheres make it possible to score hundreds of SNPs simultaneously. Multiplexing, coupled with high throughput rates allow inexpensive scoring of several million SNPs/day. GAMMArrays use universal tags that consist of computer designed, unique DNA tails. These are incorporated into each primer, and the reverse-complement is attached to a discrete population of microspheres in a multiplexed set. This enables simultaneous minisequencing of many SNPs in solution, followed by capture onto the appropriate microsphere for multiplexed analysis by flow cytometry. We present results from multiplexed SNP analyses of bacterial pathogens, and human mtDNA variation. Analyses are performed on PCR amplicons, each containing numerous SNPs scored simultaneously. In addition, these assays easily integrate into conventional liquid handling automation, and require no unique instrumentation for setup and analysis. Very high signal-to-noise ratios, ease of setup, flexibility in format and scale, and low cost make these assays extremely versatile and valuable tools for a wide variety of SNP scoring applications. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Green, LD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4365-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4626 BP 308 EP 315 DI 10.1117/12.472096 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU92U UT WOS:000177419500037 ER PT S AU Gourley, PL Copeland, RG Cox, JD Hendricks, JK McDonald, AE Peterson, S Sasaki, DY AF Gourley, PL Copeland, RG Cox, JD Hendricks, JK McDonald, AE Peterson, S Sasaki, DY BE Bornhop, DJ Dunn, DA Mariella, RP Murphy, CJ Nicolau, DV Nie, S Palmer, M Raghavachari, R TI Degradation of optoelectronic properties of semiconductors by biofluids and mitigation by polymer overlayers SO BIOMEDICAL NANOTECHNOLOGY ARCHITECTURES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biomedical Nanotechnology Architectures and Applications CY JAN 20-24, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE biotechnology; biocompatibility; semiconductors; optoelectronics; materials science; microcavities; spectroscopy; polymers AB We are investigating optoelectronic properties of integrated structures comprising semiconductor light-emitting materials for optical probes of microscopic biological systems. Compound semiconductors are nearly ideal light emitters for probing cells and other microorganisms because of their spectral match to the transparency wavelengths of biomolecules. Unfortunately, the chemical composition of these materials is incompatible with the biochemistry of cells and related biofluids. To overcome these limitations, we are investigating functionalized semiconductor surfaces and structures to simultaneously enhance light emission and flow of biological fluids in semiconductor microcavities. We have identified several important materials problems associated with the semiconductor/biosystem interface. One is the biofluid degradation of electroluminescence by ionic diffusion into compound semiconductors. Ions that diffuse into the active region of a semiconductor light emitter can create point defects that degrade the quantum efficiency of the radiative recombination process. This paper discusses ways of mitigating these problems using materials design and surface chemistry. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1140, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gourley, PL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1140, MS 1413, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4365-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4626 BP 357 EP 365 DI 10.1117/12.472101 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU92U UT WOS:000177419500043 ER PT S AU Maitland, DJ Wilson, T Metzger, M Schumann, DL AF Maitland, DJ Wilson, T Metzger, M Schumann, DL BE Bornhop, DJ Dunn, DA Mariella, RP Murphy, CJ Nicolau, DV Nie, S Palmer, M Raghavachari, R TI Laser-activated shape memory polymer microactuators for treating stroke SO BIOMEDICAL NANOTECHNOLOGY ARCHITECTURES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biomedical Nanotechnology Architectures and Applications CY JAN 20-24, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE diode laser; hemorrhagic stroke; ischemic stroke; biomaterial ID RHEOLYTIC CATHETER; THROMBECTOMY AB In this paper the photothermal engineering issues of novel shape memory polymer (SMP) microactuators for treating stroke are presented. The engineering issues for using lasers to heat and subsequently actuate these SMP devices are presented in order to provide design criteria and guidelines for intravascular, laser activated SMP devices. The optical properties of SMP, methods for coupling laser light into SMP, heating distributions in the SMP devices and the impact of operating the thermally activated material in a blood vessel (with and without flow) are presented. A total of three devices will be presented: two interventional ischemic stroke devices and one device for releasing embolic coils. The optical properties of SMP, methods for coupling laser light into SMP, heating distributions in the SNP devices and the impact of operating the thermally activated material in a blood vessel are presented. Actuating the devices requires device temperatures in the range of 65 degreesC - 85 degreesC. Attaining these temperatures under flow conditions requires critical engineering of the SMP optical properties, optical coupling into the SMP, and device geometries. Laser-activated SMP devices are a unique combination of laser-tissue and biomaterial technologies. Successful deployment of the microactuator requires well-engineered coupling of the light from the diffusing fiber through the blood into the SMP. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Maitland, DJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4365-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4626 BP 394 EP 402 DI 10.1117/12.472105 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU92U UT WOS:000177419500047 ER PT S AU Mourant, JR Yamada, YR Carpenter, S Guerra, A Schoonover, J Freyer, JP AF Mourant, JR Yamada, YR Carpenter, S Guerra, A Schoonover, J Freyer, JP BE MahadevanJansen, A Mantsch, HH Puppels, GJ TI Vibrational spectroscopy of viable, paired tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic cells SO BIOMEDICAL VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biomedical Vibrational Spectroscopy II CY JAN 19-20, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE AB Infrared absorption of two pairs of non-tumorigenic and tumorigenic cells suspended in phosphate buffered saline have been measured. Suspensions of cells with several different growth cycle distributions were measured. The effect of both growth cycle and tumorigenity on the infrared absorption spectrum will be presented. For example, changes in absorption in the phosphate absorption region were observed for suspensions with different cell cycle distributions. We will discuss the biochemistry which may cause these changes. We have found that spectra of isolated nuclei allow the DNA spectra to be studied, without the confounding influence of RNA. Therefore, the measurement of isolated nuclei may represent a method of detecting changes in DNA architecture with cell cycle. As part of this exploratory study we have also examined the variation in spectra with cell type and compared epithelial cells with fibroblast cells. Very little change was observed. Similarly we saw very little change in the spectra of tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic cells harvested with similar cell cycle distributions. Changes in the spectra were observed when rapidly growing tumorigenic cells were compared to slowly replicating nontumorigenic cells. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mourant, JR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4353-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4614 BP 109 EP 116 DI 10.1117/12.460787 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Spectroscopy GA BU43A UT WOS:000175970200013 ER PT S AU Muhlstein, CL Ashurst, WR Stach, EA Maboudian, R Ritchie, RO AF Muhlstein, CL Ashurst, WR Stach, EA Maboudian, R Ritchie, RO BE Manginell, RP Borenstein, JT Lee, LP Hesketh, PJ TI Surface engineering of polycrystalline silicon microelectromechanical systems for fatigue resistance SO BIOMEMS AND BIONANOTECHNOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on MEMS and BioMEMS held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 01-03, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL SILICON; HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; THIN-FILMS; MEMS AB Recent research has established that for silicon structural films used in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), the susceptibility to premature failure under cyclic fatigue loading originates from a degradation process that is confined to the surface oxide. In ambient air environments, a sequential, stress-assisted oxidation and stress-corrosion cracking process can occur within the native oxide on polycrystalline silicon (referred to as reaction-layer fatigue); for the structural films of micron-scale dimensions, such incipient cracking in the oxide can lead to catastrophic failure of the entire silicon component. Since the degradation process is intimately linked to the thin reaction layer on the silicon, modification of this surface and the access of the environment to it can dramatically alter the fatigue resistance of the material. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the efficacy of modifying the fatigue behavior of polycrystalline silicon with alkene-based monolayers. Specifically, 2-mum thick polysilicon fatigue structures were coated with a monolayer film based on 1-octadecene and cyclically tested to failure in laboratory air. By applying the coating, the formation of the native oxide was prevented. Compared to the fatigue behavior of untreated polysilicon, the lives of the coated samples ranged from 10(5) to >10(10) cycles at stress amplitudes greater than similar to90% of the ultimate strength of the film. The dramatic improvement in fatigue resistance was attributed to the monolayer inhibiting the formation of the native oxide and stress corrosion of the surface. It is concluded that the surprising susceptibility of thin structural silicon films to premature fatigue failure can be inhibited by such monolayer coatings. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Sci Mat, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Muhlstein, CL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Sci Mat, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Stach, Eric/D-8545-2011; Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008 OI Stach, Eric/0000-0002-3366-2153; Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-665-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 729 BP 41 EP 46 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BV43E UT WOS:000178928100005 ER PT S AU Picard, YN Adams, DP Spahn, OB Yalisove, SM Dagel, DJ Sobczak, J AF Picard, YN Adams, DP Spahn, OB Yalisove, SM Dagel, DJ Sobczak, J BE Manginell, RP Borenstein, JT Lee, LP Hesketh, PJ TI Low stress, high reflectivity thin films for MEMS mirrors SO BIOMEMS AND BIONANOTECHNOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on MEMS and BioMEMS held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 01-03, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB Au/Cr and Au/Ti films were deposited on Si (100) substrates using DC planar magnetron sputtering to assess residual stress in high reflectivity coatings. The dependence of stress on argon sputter pressure, component materials, and film thickness is discussed. Stress evolution as a function of thickness for individual Cr, Ti and An films is also investigated to identify high-stress components of these two-layer coatings. Near-zero stress Au/Ti films were achieved with a particular set of sputtering parameters. Using the same process conditions, films were deposited onto pre-released MEMS mirrors having a number of different shapes and sizes. Optical interferometry demonstrates minimal change in the bow of 500, 250, and 125 mum diameter mirrors, consistent with a lambda/40 flatness (lambda = 1319 nm). C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87105 USA. RP Picard, YN (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87105 USA. OI Picard, Yoosuf/0000-0002-2853-5213 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-665-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 729 BP 113 EP 118 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BV43E UT WOS:000178928100016 ER PT S AU Rohwer, LES Oliver, AD Collins, MV AF Rohwer, LES Oliver, AD Collins, MV BE Manginell, RP Borenstein, JT Lee, LP Hesketh, PJ TI Wafer level micropackaging of MEMS devices using thin film anodic bonding SO BIOMEMS AND BIONANOTECHNOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on MEMS and BioMEMS held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 01-03, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID INTERMEDIATE AB A wafer level packaging technique that involves anodic bonding of Pyrex wafers to released surface micromachined wafers is demonstrated. Besides providing a hermetic seal, the micropackages allow wafer scale release, provide protection during die separation, and offer the possibility of integration with optoelectronic devices. Anodic bonding was performed under applied voltages up to 1000 V, and temperatures ranging from 280 to 400degreesC under high vacuum (10(-6) Torr). The quality of the bonded interfaces was evaluated using shear strength testing, leak testing, and C-mode scanning acoustic microscopy (C-SAM). The shear strength of Pyrex-to-polysilicon and aluminum bonds was similar to10 MPa. The functionality of surface micromachined polysilicon devices was tested before and after anodic bonding. 100% of thermal actuators, 94% of torsional ratcheting actuators, and 70% of microengines functioned after bonding. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rohwer, LES (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-665-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 729 BP 229 EP 234 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BV43E UT WOS:000178928100033 ER PT J AU Yang, L Huang, HW AF Yang, L Huang, HW TI Progress toward solving the structures of transmembrane pores induced by antimicrobial peptides SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 18 BP 4A EP 4A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252700020 ER PT J AU Weiss, TM Yang, L Ding, L Wang, WC Waring, AJ Lehrer, RI Huang, HW AF Weiss, TM Yang, L Ding, L Wang, WC Waring, AJ Lehrer, RI Huang, HW TI Two states of a cyclic antimicrobial peptide theta-defensin in lipid bilayers SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77006 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 30 BP 7A EP 7A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252700032 ER PT J AU Pauleta, SR Lu, Y Goodhew, CF Qiu, Y Moura, I Pettigrew, GW Shelnutt, JA AF Pauleta, SR Lu, Y Goodhew, CF Qiu, Y Moura, I Pettigrew, GW Shelnutt, JA TI Structural changes in the calcium-dependent activation of the di-heme cytochrome c peroxidase of Paracoccus pantotrophus SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Nova Lisboa, P-1200 Lisbon, Portugal. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RI Shelnutt, John/A-9987-2009; Pauleta, Sofia/F-3619-2011; REQUIMTE, SMB/M-5694-2013; Moura, Isabel/D-6339-2013; REQUIMTE, UCIBIO/N-9846-2013 OI Shelnutt, John/0000-0001-7368-582X; Pauleta, Sofia/0000-0002-2149-9416; Moura, Isabel/0000-0003-0971-4977; NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 63 BP 14A EP 14A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252700065 ER PT J AU Crivelli, S Eskow, E Bader, B Lamberti, V Byrd, R Schnabel, R Head-Gordon, T AF Crivelli, S Eskow, E Bader, B Lamberti, V Byrd, R Schnabel, R Head-Gordon, T TI A physical approach to protein structure prediction SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID X-RAY; TERTIARY STRUCTURE; ENERGY FUNCTIONS; AMINO-ACID; STRATEGY; SEQUENCE; FOLDS AB We describe our global optimization method called Stochastic Perturbation with Soft Constraints (SPSC), which uses information from known proteins to predict secondary structure, but not in the tertiary structure predictions or in generating the terms of the physics-based energy function. Our approach is also characterized by the use of an all atom energy function that includes a novel hydrophobic solvation function derived from experiments that shows promising ability for energy discrimination against misfolded structures. We present the results obtained using our SPSC method and energy function for blind prediction in the 4(th) Critical Assessment of Techniques for Protein Structure Prediction competition, and show that our approach is more effective on targets for which less information from known proteins is available. In fact our SPSC method produced the best prediction for one of the most difficult targets of the competition, a new fold protein of 240 amino acids. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, NERSC Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Comp Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tlhead-gordon@lbl.gov RI Head-Gordon, Teresa/E-5818-2011 NR 32 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 BP 36 EP 49 PG 14 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511DZ UT WOS:000173250500005 PM 11751294 ER PT J AU Greenbaum, E Lee, I Lee, JW AF Greenbaum, E Lee, I Lee, JW TI Functional 3D nanoscale imaging of a single-molecule photovoltaic structure SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 206 BP 42A EP 42A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252700209 ER PT J AU Blab, GA Lommerse, PHM Harms, GS Cognet, L Gradinaru, CC Schmidt, T AF Blab, GA Lommerse, PHM Harms, GS Cognet, L Gradinaru, CC Schmidt, T TI Two-photon action cross-section of the autofluorescent proteins SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Leiden Univ, NL-2333 CA Leiden, Netherlands. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Bordeaux 1, CPMOH, CNRS, F-33405 Talence, France. RI Blab, Gerhard/D-2275-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 215 BP 44A EP 44A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252700218 ER PT J AU Bakajin, O Schuler, B Lipman, EA Eaton, WA AF Bakajin, O Schuler, B Lipman, EA Eaton, WA TI Microfabricated mixer for time-resolved single molecule protein folding SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, BSSL, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Schuler, Benjamin/E-7342-2011 OI Schuler, Benjamin/0000-0002-5970-4251 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 220 BP 45A EP 45A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252700223 ER PT J AU Lipman, EA Bakajin, O Schuler, B Eaton, WA AF Lipman, EA Bakajin, O Schuler, B Eaton, WA TI Instrument calibration for single-molecule FRET measurements in a microfabricated laminar flow mixer SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RI Schuler, Benjamin/E-7342-2011 OI Schuler, Benjamin/0000-0002-5970-4251 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 218 BP 45A EP 45A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252700221 ER PT J AU Vickery, SA Hollars, CW Dunn, RC AF Vickery, SA Hollars, CW Dunn, RC TI Single molecule orientation measurements in Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers of DPPC SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 226 BP 46A EP 46A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252700229 ER PT J AU Paul-Pletzer, K Yamamoto, T Ikemoto, N Bhat, M Ma, JJ Jimenez, LS Morimoto, H Williams, PG Parness, J AF Paul-Pletzer, K Yamamoto, T Ikemoto, N Bhat, M Ma, JJ Jimenez, LS Morimoto, H Williams, PG Parness, J TI The dantrolene binding site on the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor comprises amino acids 590-609 SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Boston Biomed Res Inst, Boston, MA USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 394 BP 81A EP 81A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252700398 ER PT J AU Harms, GS Kahr, H Blab, GA Lommerse, PHM Zhang, ZG Cognet, L Ypey, DL Soldatov, NM Schmidt, T Romanin, C AF Harms, GS Kahr, H Blab, GA Lommerse, PHM Zhang, ZG Cognet, L Ypey, DL Soldatov, NM Schmidt, T Romanin, C TI Simultaneous FRET microscopy and whole-cell patch clamp monitor interactions of fluorescence labeled alpha(1C) and beta subunits of L-type Ca2+ channel SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 PNNL, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Linz, Inst Biophys, Linz, Austria. Leiden Univ, NL-2333 CA Leiden, Netherlands. CNRS, CPMOH, F-33405 Talence, France. NIA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. RI Blab, Gerhard/D-2275-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 499 BP 103A EP 103A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252700503 ER PT J AU Mukhopadhyay, J Kapanidis, AN Mekler, V Kortkhonjia, E Leroy, O Ebright, YW Weiss, S Ebright, RH AF Mukhopadhyay, J Kapanidis, AN Mekler, V Kortkhonjia, E Leroy, O Ebright, YW Weiss, S Ebright, RH TI Structural transitions in transcription: Fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay for movement of a molecule relative to DNA SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Waksman Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 561 BP 115A EP 116A PN 2 PG 2 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252700565 ER PT J AU Kortkhonjia, E Mukhoapadhyay, J Kapanidis, AN Mekler, V Revyakin, AG Ebright, YW Ebright, RH AF Kortkhonjia, E Mukhoapadhyay, J Kapanidis, AN Mekler, V Revyakin, AG Ebright, YW Ebright, RH TI Structural organization of the RNA polymerase-promoter open complex and the RNA polymerase-DNA elongation complex : RNA polymerase-DNA fluorescence resonance energy transfer SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08873 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Waksman Inst, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 562 BP 116A EP 116A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252700566 ER PT J AU Sanbonmatsu, KY Joseph, S AF Sanbonmatsu, KY Joseph, S TI Discrimination between cognate and near-cognate codon-anticodon pairs involving tRNA-Phe by the ribosome SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 570 BP 117A EP 117A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252700574 ER PT J AU Tung, CS Sanbonmatsu, K Joseph, S AF Tung, CS Sanbonmatsu, K Joseph, S TI An all-atom homology model of the Escherichia coli 30S ribosomal subunit SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 571 BP 117A EP 118A PN 2 PG 2 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252700575 ER PT J AU Venclovas, C Colvin, M Thelen, M AF Venclovas, C Colvin, M Thelen, M TI Prediction of the three-dimensional structure for Replication Factor C using modeling by comparison SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 584 BP 120A EP 120A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252700588 ER PT J AU Daughdrill, G Ackerman, J Isern, N Botuyan, MV Arrowsmith, C Wold, MS Lowry, DF AF Daughdrill, G Ackerman, J Isern, N Botuyan, MV Arrowsmith, C Wold, MS Lowry, DF TI The weak interdomain coupling observed in the 70 kDa subunit of human replication protein A is unaffected by ssDNA binding SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RI Wold, Marc/F-5806-2010; Isern, Nancy/J-8016-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 597 BP 123A EP 123A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252700601 ER PT J AU Brewer, L Noy, A Klare, J Lengyel, J Corzett, M Martin, S Balhorn, R Baldwin, E Baskin, RJ AF Brewer, L Noy, A Klare, J Lengyel, J Corzett, M Martin, S Balhorn, R Baldwin, E Baskin, RJ TI DNA compaction induced by the yeast mitochondrial protein Abf2p SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 630 BP 129A EP 129A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252700634 ER PT J AU Wang, LH Hingerty, BE Srinivasan, AR Olson, WK Broyde, S AF Wang, LH Hingerty, BE Srinivasan, AR Olson, WK Broyde, S TI Accurate representation of DNA double helical structure with implicit solvent and counterions. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NYU, New York, NY USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 631 BP 129A EP 129A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252700635 ER PT J AU Crozier, PS Stevens, MJ AF Crozier, PS Stevens, MJ TI Simulations of DNA SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 632 BP 130A EP 130A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252700636 ER PT J AU Gnanakaran, S Garcia, AE Gnanakaran, S AF Gnanakaran, S Garcia, AE Gnanakaran, S TI Free energy landscape of a structurally conserved diverging turn motif from SH3 SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 648 BP 133A EP 133A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252700652 ER PT J AU Krishnan, VV Fink, WH Feeney, RE Tsvetkova, N Yeh, Y AF Krishnan, VV Fink, WH Feeney, RE Tsvetkova, N Yeh, Y TI Characterization of the restricted rotations in the N-terminal of a dimethylated antifreeze glycoprotein SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Krishnan, Krish/A-6859-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 667 BP 136A EP 137A PN 2 PG 2 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252700671 ER PT J AU Hu, DH Chen, Y Vorpagel, ER Lu, HP AF Hu, DH Chen, Y Vorpagel, ER Lu, HP TI Single-molecule conformational mode-specific dynamics under enzymatic reaction SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 682 BP 139A EP 140A PN 2 PG 2 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252700686 ER PT J AU Nguyen, DH Fink, WH Colvin, ME AF Nguyen, DH Fink, WH Colvin, ME TI Molecular dynamics simulations of nitrogen mustard crosslinked DNA SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 694 BP 142A EP 142A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252700698 ER PT J AU Sasaki, DY Last, JA Waggoner, TA AF Sasaki, DY Last, JA Waggoner, TA TI Lipid membrane reorganization induced by chemical recognition SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 764 BP 157A EP 157A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252700771 ER PT J AU Kataoka, A Salinas, E Minh, T Herron, SR Kantardjieff, KA Segelke, B Rupp, B AF Kataoka, A Salinas, E Minh, T Herron, SR Kantardjieff, KA Segelke, B Rupp, B TI Towards statistically valid testing of protein crystallization parameters SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Calif State Univ Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92634 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 817 BP 167A EP 167A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252700824 ER PT J AU Heller, WT Abusamhedneh, E Finley, N Howarth, JW Rosevear, PR Trewhella, J AF Heller, WT Abusamhedneh, E Finley, N Howarth, JW Rosevear, PR Trewhella, J TI Structure of the ternary cardiac troponin complex determined by small-angle scattering SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 831 BP 170A EP 170A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252700838 ER PT J AU Callahan, DE Parvin, B AF Callahan, DE Parvin, B TI BioSig: A database for efficient VSOM extraction of dynamic phenotypic data from individual living cells SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 860 BP 176A EP 176A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252700867 ER PT J AU Harms, G Orr, G Montal, M Thrall, B Colson, S Lu, HP AF Harms, G Orr, G Montal, M Thrall, B Colson, S Lu, HP TI Combined patch-clamp recording and single-molecule imaging microscopy study of single-molecule ion channel dynamics SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biol, Neurobiol Sect, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 942 BP 193A EP 193A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252700949 ER PT J AU Miercke, LJW Nollert, P Harries, WEC Fu, DX Krucinski, J O'Connell, JD Stroud, RM AF Miercke, LJW Nollert, P Harries, WEC Fu, DX Krucinski, J O'Connell, JD Stroud, RM TI Purified GlpF over-expressed in E. coli is homogenous, tetrameric, and crystallizable SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 976 BP 200A EP 200A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252700983 ER PT J AU Rouhani, S Cartailler, JP Facciotti, MT Walian, P Needleman, R Lanyi, JK Glaeser, RM Luecke, H AF Rouhani, S Cartailler, JP Facciotti, MT Walian, P Needleman, R Lanyi, JK Glaeser, RM Luecke, H TI Crystal structure of the D85S mutant of bacteriorhodopsin: Model of an O-like photocycle intermediate SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. RI Cartailler, Jean-Philippe/D-2543-2010; Lanyi, Janos/C-3808-2011; Luecke, Hartmut "Hudel"/F-4712-2012 OI Cartailler, Jean-Philippe/0000-0002-0312-2391; Luecke, Hartmut "Hudel"/0000-0002-4938-0775 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 1097 BP 226A EP 226A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252701110 ER PT J AU Orr, G Harms, G Thrall, B Montal, M Colson, S Lu, HP AF Orr, G Harms, G Thrall, B Montal, M Colson, S Lu, HP TI Probing single-molecule ligand-channel interaction dynamics in a living cell SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biol, Neurobiol Sect, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 1236 BP 255A EP 256A PN 2 PG 2 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252701252 ER PT J AU Roberts, AG Bowman, MK Kramer, DM AF Roberts, AG Bowman, MK Kramer, DM TI Metals as specific inhibitors of cytochrome b6f 'Rieske' iron-sulfur protein domain movements SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Bowman, Michael/F-4265-2011 OI Bowman, Michael/0000-0003-3464-9409 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 1385 BP 286A EP 286A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252701401 ER PT J AU Berry, EA Huang, LS Ban, M Henderson, RK Cobessi, D Pon, NG Daldal, F AF Berry, EA Huang, LS Ban, M Henderson, RK Cobessi, D Pon, NG Daldal, F TI Crystallographic studies of rhodobacter capsulatus cytochrome bc(1) complex SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 1401 BP 290A EP 290A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252701417 ER PT J AU Cobessi, D Huang, LS Zhang, ZL Berry, EA AF Cobessi, D Huang, LS Zhang, ZL Berry, EA TI A crystallographic study of the QN site in cytochrome bc1 SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 1407 BP 291A EP 291A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252701423 ER PT J AU Lakshmi, KV Reifler, MJ Brudvig, GW Poluektov, OG Wagner, AM Thurnauer, MC AF Lakshmi, KV Reifler, MJ Brudvig, GW Poluektov, OG Wagner, AM Thurnauer, MC TI High-field pulsed EPR studies of carotenoid and chlorophyll cation radicals in photosystem II SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Yale Univ, Dept Chem, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Lakshmi, K. V./A-9787-2017 OI Lakshmi, K. V./0000-0001-5443-9017 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 1418 BP 293A EP 293A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252701434 ER PT J AU Gulotta, M Rogatsky, E Dyer, RB Callender, R AF Gulotta, M Rogatsky, E Dyer, RB Callender, R TI Sperm whale apomyoglobin core formation: Structure and kinetics SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Yeshiva Univ, Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RI Rogatsky, Eduard/A-7989-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 1470 BP 303A EP 303A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252701486 ER PT J AU Schuler, B Lipman, EA Bakajin, O Eaton, WA AF Schuler, B Lipman, EA Bakajin, O Eaton, WA TI Single molecule fluorescence studies of protein folding equilibrium and kinetics SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, BSSL, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Schuler, Benjamin/E-7342-2011 OI Schuler, Benjamin/0000-0002-5970-4251 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 1471 BP 304A EP 304A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252701487 ER PT J AU Barsky, D Zemla, A AF Barsky, D Zemla, A TI From bubonic plague to foot-and-mouth disease: Employing a holistic approach to homology-based protein structure prediction SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 1476 BP 305A EP 305A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252701492 ER PT J AU Krishnan, VV Feeney, RE Fink, WH Yeh, Y AF Krishnan, VV Feeney, RE Fink, WH Yeh, Y TI Translational dynamics of antifreeze glycoprotein (AFGP) in supercooled water SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Krishnan, Krish/A-6859-2010 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 1501 BP 310A EP 310A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252701518 ER PT J AU Chen, EF Wen, YX Strauss, CEM Lewis, JW Goldbeck, RA Kliger, DS AF Chen, EF Wen, YX Strauss, CEM Lewis, JW Goldbeck, RA Kliger, DS TI Laser T-jump initiated protein folding/unfolding monitored with multichannel nanosecond Far-UV ORD spectroscopy SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 1506 BP 311A EP 311A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252701523 ER PT J AU Bailey, JA Donohoe, RJ Huynh, MH Woodruff, WH AF Bailey, JA Donohoe, RJ Huynh, MH Woodruff, WH TI Difference infrared and resonance Raman vibrational spectroelectrochemistry of redox-active proteins SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 1526 BP 315A EP 315A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252701543 ER PT J AU Frink, LJD Mitchell, MC AF Frink, LJD Mitchell, MC TI Studying ion permeation through ion channel proteins with density functional theories for inhomogeneous fluids. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RI Mitchell, Martha/A-9002-2013 OI Mitchell, Martha/0000-0003-0054-1977 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 1654 BP 340A EP 340A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252701671 ER PT J AU Ghosh, T Garde, S Garcia, AE AF Ghosh, T Garde, S Garcia, AE TI Molecular evidence for alpha-helix stabilization by shielding of the backbone hydrogen bonds by side chains SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12181 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 1702 BP 350A EP 350A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252701719 ER PT J AU Jap, BK Sui, HX Han, BG Lee, JK Walian, P AF Jap, BK Sui, HX Han, BG Lee, JK Walian, P TI Water specific transport mechanism of AQP1 water channel SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Han, Bong-Gyoon/J-9120-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 1722 BP 354A EP 354A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252701738 ER PT J AU Rempe, S Pratt, L AF Rempe, S Pratt, L TI Structured water about Rb plus (AQ) and Kr(AQ): A direct comparison of hydrophilic vs hydrophobic hydration SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 1750 BP 360A EP 360A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252701766 ER PT J AU Pokkuluri, PR Raffen, R Dieckman, L Boogaard, C Stevens, FJ Schiffer, M AF Pokkuluri, PR Raffen, R Dieckman, L Boogaard, C Stevens, FJ Schiffer, M TI Increasing protein stability by polar surface residues: Domain-wide consequences of interactions within a loop SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; SINGLE-CHAIN FV; LIGHT-CHAIN; SMALL-ZONE; CONFORMATIONAL STABILITY; DISULFIDE BRIDGE; VARIABLE DOMAIN; T4 LYSOZYME; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; MUTAGENESIS AB We have examined the influence of surface hydrogen bonds on the stability of proteins by studying the effects of mutations of human immunoglobulin light chain variable domain (V-L). In addition to the variants Y27dD, N28F, and T94H of protein kappa(IV) Len that were previously described, we characterized mutants M4L, L27cN, L27cQ, and K39T, double mutant M4L/Y27dD, and triple mutant M4L/Y27dD/T94H,, The triple mutant had an enhanced thermodynamic stability of 4.2 kcal/mol. We determined the structure of the triple mutant by x-ray diffraction and correlated the changes in stability due to the mutations with changes in the three-dimensional structure. Y27dD mutant had increased stability of Len by 2.7 kcal/mol, a large value for a single mutation. Asp27d present in CDR1 formed hydrogen bonds with the side-chain and main-chain atoms within the loop. In the case of the K39T mutant, which reduces stability by 2 kcal/mol, Lys39 in addition to forming a hydrogen bond with a carbonyl oxygen of a neighboring loop may also favorably Influence the surface electrostatics of the molecule. We showed that hydrogen bonds between residues in surface loops can add to the overall stability of the V, domains. The contribution to stability is further increased if the surface residue makes more than one hydrogen bond or if it forms a hydrogen bond between neighboring turns or loops separated from each other in the amino acid sequence. Based on our experiments we suggest that stabilization of proteins might be systematically accomplished by introducing additional hydrogen bonds on the surface. These substitutions are more straightforward to predict than core-packing interactions and can be selected to avoid affecting the protein's function. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Schiffer, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 202, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK43757] NR 44 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 BP 391 EP 398 PG 8 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511DZ UT WOS:000173250500036 PM 11751325 ER PT J AU Tonino, P Simon, M Craig, RW AF Tonino, P Simon, M Craig, RW TI Mass determination of native smooth muscle myosin filaments by scanning transmission electron microscopy SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 1952 BP 401A EP 401A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252701969 ER PT J AU Li, HL DeRosier, D Nicholson, WV Nogales, E Downing, KH AF Li, HL DeRosier, D Nicholson, WV Nogales, E Downing, KH TI Microtubule structure at 8 angstrom resolution SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 2014 BP 413A EP 414A PN 2 PG 2 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252702030 ER PT J AU Wang, HW Meurer-Grob, P Nogales, E AF Wang, HW Meurer-Grob, P Nogales, E TI Double-layered helical tubes of GDP-tubulin SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 2017 BP 414A EP 414A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252702033 ER PT J AU Lu, Y Sousa, A Franco, R Mangravita, A Ferreira, GC Moura, I Shelnutt, JA AF Lu, Y Sousa, A Franco, R Mangravita, A Ferreira, GC Moura, I Shelnutt, JA TI Interactions of protoporphyrin and its metal derivatives with the active site of mouse ferrochelatase SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Nova Lisboa, P-1200 Lisbon, Portugal. Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RI Shelnutt, John/A-9987-2009; Ferreira, Gloria/A-4709-2012; REQUIMTE, SMB/M-5694-2013; Moura, Isabel/D-6339-2013; REQUIMTE, UCIBIO/N-9846-2013 OI Shelnutt, John/0000-0001-7368-582X; Moura, Isabel/0000-0003-0971-4977; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 2186 BP 448A EP 449A PN 2 PG 2 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252702203 ER PT J AU Li, HY Pfluegl, G Gingery, M Eisenberg, D AF Li, HY Pfluegl, G Gingery, M Eisenberg, D TI Preliminary structural studies of eukaryotic glutamine synthetase II SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, DOE, Lab Struct Biol & Mol Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 2208 BP 453A EP 453A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252702225 ER PT J AU Zhang, ZM Zhu, LY Lin, DH Chen, FQ Chen, DJ Chen, Y AF Zhang, ZM Zhu, LY Lin, DH Chen, FQ Chen, DJ Chen, Y TI Solution structure of the Ku70 SAP domain and its interactions with DNA and homeo domains SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Duarte, CA 91010 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 2216 BP 454A EP 455A PN 2 PG 2 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252702233 ER PT J AU Tsvetkova, NM Phillips, BL Krishnan, VV Feeney, RE Fink, WH Crowe, JH Risbud, SH Tablin, F Yeh, Y AF Tsvetkova, NM Phillips, BL Krishnan, VV Feeney, RE Fink, WH Crowe, JH Risbud, SH Tablin, F Yeh, Y TI Dynamics of antifreeze glycoproteins in the presence of ice SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID POINT-DEPRESSING GLYCOPROTEINS; PROTEIN SECONDARY STRUCTURE; INFRARED-SPECTRA; POLAR FISH; GROWTH-INHIBITION; ANTARCTIC FISH; CONFORMATION; ADSORPTION; WATER; GLYCOPEPTIDES AB Antifreeze glycoproteins from the Greenland cod Boreogadus saida were dimethylated at the N-terminus (m*AFGP) and their dynamics and conformational properties were studied in the presence of ice using C-13-NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. C-13-NMR experiments of m*AFGP in D2O, in H2O, and of freeze-dried m*AFGP were performed as a function of temperature. Dynamic parameters (H-1 T-1rho and T-CH) obtained by varying the contact time revealed notable differences in the motional properties of AFGP between the different states. AFGP/ice dynamics was dominated by fast-scale motions (nanosecond to picosecond time scale), suggesting that the relaxation is markedly affected by the protein hydration. The data suggest that AFGP adopts a similar type of three-dimensional fold both in the presence of ice and in the freeze-dried state. FTIR studies of the amide I band did not show a single prevailing secondary structure in the frozen state. The high number of conformers suggests a high flexibility, and possibly reflects the necessity to expose more ice-binding groups. The data suggest that the effect of hydration on the local mobility of AFGP and the lack of significant change in the backbone conformation in the frozen state may play a role in inhibiting the ice crystal growth. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sect Mol & Cellular Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anat, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Physiol & Cell Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Tsvetkova, NM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sect Mol & Cellular Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Krishnan, Krish/A-6859-2010 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL61204, R01HL57810-01] NR 48 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 11 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 BP 464 EP 473 PG 10 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511DZ UT WOS:000173250500044 PM 11751333 ER PT J AU Muehleman, C Whiteside, M Zhong, Z Mollenhauer, J Aurich, M Kuettner, KE Chapman, LD AF Muehleman, C Whiteside, M Zhong, Z Mollenhauer, J Aurich, M Kuettner, KE Chapman, LD TI Diffraction enhanced imaging for articular cartilage SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Rush Med Coll, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Jena, D-6900 Jena, Germany. IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RI Chapman, Dean/I-6168-2013 OI Chapman, Dean/0000-0001-6590-4156 NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 2292 BP 470A EP 470A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252702309 ER PT J AU Schaff, JC Moraru, II Slepchenko, BM Lucio, DA Means, SA Wagner, JM Loew, LM AF Schaff, JC Moraru, II Slepchenko, BM Lucio, DA Means, SA Wagner, JM Loew, LM TI Improvements to the virtual cell modeling environment SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 2310 BP 473A EP 474A PN 2 PG 2 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252702327 ER PT J AU Bui, JM Straatsma, T McCammon, JA AF Bui, JM Straatsma, T McCammon, JA TI The dynamics of ligand barrier-crossing transitions inside the acetylcholinesterase gorge SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 2373 BP 486A EP 486A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252702390 ER PT J AU Knowles, DW Keranen, S Dasgupta, S Biggin, M Sudar, D AF Knowles, DW Keranen, S Dasgupta, S Biggin, M Sudar, D TI Quantitative 3D imaging to analyze developmental variability in pregastrula Drosophila embryos SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 2402 BP 492A EP 492A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252702419 ER PT J AU Dattelbaum, AM Ecke, LE Werner, JH Parikh, AN Shreve, AP AF Dattelbaum, AM Ecke, LE Werner, JH Parikh, AN Shreve, AP TI Characterization of biologically relevant surfaces using imaging surface plasmon resonance and fluorescence microscopy SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI PARIKH, ATUL/D-2243-2014 OI PARIKH, ATUL/0000-0002-5927-4968 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 2443 BP 500A EP 500A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252702460 ER PT J AU Huang, RHY Carlson, C Miller, L Chance, MR AF Huang, RHY Carlson, C Miller, L Chance, MR TI In situ alterations of bone mineralization in osteoporosis revealed by Infrared Microspectroscopy SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 2454 BP 502A EP 502A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252702471 ER PT J AU Kowalczykowski, S Balhorn, R Baskin, RJ Bianco, PR Brewer, LR Corzett, M Dillingham, M Handa, N Harmon, FG Morimatsu, K Spies, M Yeh, Y AF Kowalczykowski, S Balhorn, R Baskin, RJ Bianco, PR Brewer, LR Corzett, M Dillingham, M Handa, N Harmon, FG Morimatsu, K Spies, M Yeh, Y TI Visualization and translocation mechanism of DNA helicases SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA USA. RI Brewer, Laurence/G-4056-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 2457 BP 503A EP 503A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252702474 ER PT J AU Nogales, E Lowe, J Li, HL Downing, KH AF Nogales, E Lowe, J Li, HL Downing, KH TI Refined structure of alpha beta-tubulin to 3.5 angstrom SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MRC, London W1N 4AL, England. LBNL, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 2488 BP 509A EP 509A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252702505 ER PT J AU Slade, A Last, JA Waggoner, TA Burns, A Sasaki, DY Yip, CM AF Slade, A Last, JA Waggoner, TA Burns, A Sasaki, DY Yip, CM TI Lipid membrane reorganization induced by chemical recognition SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 2615 BP 535A EP 535A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252702631 ER PT J AU Woolf, TB Forrest, LR Crozier, PS Stevens, M AF Woolf, TB Forrest, LR Crozier, PS Stevens, M TI Molecular dynamics simulation of rhodopsin in a DOPC bilayer: Effect of the lipid environment SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 2619 BP 536A EP 536A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252702635 ER PT J AU Stevens, MJ Hoh, J Woolf, T AF Stevens, MJ Hoh, J Woolf, T TI Coarse-grained models and simulations of bilayer membranes SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 2648 BP 542A EP 542A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252702664 ER PT J AU Lee, JCM Santore, M Bates, FS Discher, DE AF Lee, JCM Santore, M Bates, FS Discher, DE TI From membranes to melts, rouse to entangled: Diffusion in polymersome versus lipid bilayers SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lehigh Univ, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 2696 BP 551A EP 551A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252702712 ER PT J AU Lo, TT Roppel, TA Cannon, JJ Yilma, S Samoylov, AM Neely, WC Liu, NG Brinker, CJ Vodyanoy, VJ AF Lo, TT Roppel, TA Cannon, JJ Yilma, S Samoylov, AM Neely, WC Liu, NG Brinker, CJ Vodyanoy, VJ TI Large amphotericin B/cholesterol ion channels SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 2711 BP 554A EP 554A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252702727 ER PT J AU Chaudhry, C Farr, G Todd, M Adams, P Brunger, A Rye, H Horwich, A Sigler, P AF Chaudhry, C Farr, G Todd, M Adams, P Brunger, A Rye, H Horwich, A Sigler, P TI Trapping a chaperonin in a folding-active state with a transition state analog of ATP hydrolysis SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Yale Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Sch Med, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 3026 BP 619A EP 620A PN 2 PG 2 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252703040 ER PT J AU Rouhani, S Facciotti, MT Woodcock, G Cheung, V Cunningham, C Nguyen, D Rad, B Lunde, CS Glaeser, RM AF Rouhani, S Facciotti, MT Woodcock, G Cheung, V Cunningham, C Nguyen, D Rad, B Lunde, CS Glaeser, RM TI Crystallization of membrane proteins from media composed of connected-bilayer gels SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Structural Biology and Structural Genomics/Proteomics CY MAY 08-10, 2002 CL BETHESDA, MARYLAND SP NIDA DE hydrated-lipid gels; bilayer; three-dimensional structure; crystallization; membrane proteins; Halobacterial rhodopsins ID SENSORY RHODOPSIN-II; 2-DIMENSIONAL CRYSTALLIZATION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CUBIC PHASES; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; 2D CRYSTALLIZATION; WATER-SYSTEMS; BACTERIORHODOPSIN; FUSION; DIOLEOYLPHOSPHATIDYLETHANOLAMINE AB The use of hydrated-lipid gels in which the bilayer is an infinitely periodic (or at least continuous), three-dimensional structure offers a relatively new approach for the crystallization of membrane proteins. While excellent crystals of the Halobacterial rhodopsins have been obtained with such media, success remains poor in extending their use to other membrane proteins. Experience with crystallization of bacteriorhodopsin has led us to recognize a number of improvements that can be made in the use of such hydrated-gel media, which may now prove to be of general value for the crystallization of other membrane proteins. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Donner Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Grad Grp Biophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Glaeser, RM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Donner Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM51487] NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PY 2002 VL 66 IS 5 BP 300 EP 316 DI 10.1002/bip.10310 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 642LG UT WOS:000180805400004 PM 12539259 ER PT J AU Pfister, T Feng, H Wimmer, E Jones, KW AF Pfister, T Feng, H Wimmer, E Jones, KW TI Synchrotron radiation-induced X-ray emission to identify metal ions in preparations of purified protein SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR-IIIA; COPPER-TRANSPORTING ATPASE; WILSON DISEASE GENE; CANDIDATE GENE; MENKES DISEASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ZINC-BINDING; HEMOCHROMATOSIS; REPLICATION; CLONING AB The suitability of synchrotron radiation-induced X-ray emission (SRIXE) for the detection and identification of metal ions in preparations of purified, soluble proteins was tested. Glutathione S-transferase fused to the proximal zinc finger motif of human transcription factor IIIA or to the cysteine-rich motif of poliovirus protein 2C was expressed in bacteria and purified by affinity chromatography. Aqueous samples containing the purified proteins were analyzed with SRIXE, and trace amounts of zinc and iron were detected. Mutation of the zinc-coordinating residues in the cysteine-rich motif of poliovirus protein 2C resulted in the loss of the zinc-binding ability. Relative quantities of metal in the protein preparations as determined by SRIXE corresponded well with the metal.-protein ratios calculated by using a 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol-based assay. We conclude that SRIXE is an accurate, sensitive, and simple method for the detection and identification of protein-bound metal ions in small amounts of sample. Thus, SRIXE may have wide use as a particularly effective method for rapidly determining trace metals in microarray samples. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Pfister, T (reprint author), Cytos Biotechnol AG, Wagistr 21, CH-8952 Zurich, Switzerland. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI15122, AI32100] NR 26 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 USA SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD JAN PY 2002 VL 32 IS 1 BP 134 EP + PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 511VL UT WOS:000173286200025 PM 11808687 ER PT J AU Borole, AP Kaufman, EN Grossman, MJ Minak-Bernero, V Bare, R Lee, MK AF Borole, AP Kaufman, EN Grossman, MJ Minak-Bernero, V Bare, R Lee, MK TI Comparison of the emulsion characteristics of Rhodococcus erythropolis and Ecsherichia coli SOXC-5 cells expressing biodesulfurization genes SO BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS LA English DT Article ID DESULFOVIBRIO-DESULFURICANS M6; SP STRAIN IGTS8; MICROBIAL DESULFURIZATION; CRUDE-OIL; MIDDLE-DISTILLATE; DIBENZOTHIOPHENE; SULFUR; HYDROCARBON; PATHWAY AB Biodesulfurization of fuel oils is a two-phase (oil/water) process which may offer an interesting alternative to conventional hydrodesulfurization due to the mild operating conditions and reaction specificity afforded by the biocatalyst. For biodesulfurization to realize commercial success, a variety of process considerations must be addressed including reaction rate, emulsion formation and breakage, biocatalyst recovery, and both gas and liquid mass transport. This study evaluates emulsion formation and breakage using two biocatalysts with differing hydrophobic characteristics. A Grain-positive (Rhodococcus erythropolis) biocatalyst, expressing the complete 4S desulfurization pathway, and a Gram-negative biocatalyst (Escherichia coli), expressing only the gene for conversion of dibenzothiophene (DBT) to DBT sulfone, are compared relative to their ability to convert DBT and the ease of phase separation as well as biocatalyst recovery following desulfurization. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. ExxonMobil Res & Engn Co, Corp Strateg Res, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. RP Borole, AP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Bldg 4505, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Borole, AP/F-3933-2011; Unciano, Noel/B-6810-2009; Grossman, Matthew/K-3357-2012; OI Borole, Abhijeet/0000-0001-8423-811X NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 8756-7938 J9 BIOTECHNOL PROGR JI Biotechnol. Prog. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 18 IS 1 BP 88 EP 93 DI 10.1021/bp010134w PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 521BQ UT WOS:000173819100013 PM 11822905 ER PT J AU Pannucci, J Okinaka, RT Williams, E Sabin, R Ticknor, LO Kuske, CR AF Pannucci, J Okinaka, RT Williams, E Sabin, R Ticknor, LO Kuske, CR TI DNA sequence conservation between the Bacillus anthracis pXO2 plasmid and genomic sequence from closely related bacteria SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; DELTA-ENDOTOXIN; THURINGIENSIS; CEREUS; TRANSACTIVATOR; IDENTIFICATION; PATHOGENICITY; ENCAPSULATION; CAPSULE; STRAINS AB Background: Complete sequencing and annotation of the 96.2 kb Bacillus anthracis plasmid, pXO2, predicted 85 open reading frames (ORFs). Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis isolates that ranged in genomic similarity to B. anthracis, as determined by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis, were examined by PCR for the presence of sequences similar to 47 pXO2 ORFs. Results: The two most distantly related isolates examined, B. thuringiensis 33679 and B. thuringiensis AWO6, produced the greatest number of ORF sequences similar to pXO2; 10 detected in 33679 and 16 in AWO6. No more than two of the pXO2 ORFs were detected in any one of the remaining isolates. Dot-blot DNA hybridizations between pXO2 ORF fragments and total genomic DNA from AWO6 were consistent with the PCR assay results for this isolate and also revealed nine additional ORFs shared between these two bacteria. Sequences similar to the B. anthracis cap genes or their regulator, acpA, were not detected among any of the examined isolates. Conclusions: The presence of pXO2 sequences in the other Bacillus isolates did not correlate with genomic relatedness established by AFLP analysis. The presence of pXO2 ORF sequences in other Bacillus species suggests the possibility that certain pXO2 plasmid gene functions may also be present in other closely related bacteria. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kuske, CR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 26 TC 46 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PY 2002 VL 3 AR 34 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-3-34 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 654CW UT WOS:000181477100034 PM 12473162 ER PT S AU Tipton, DG Mondy, LA Ingber, MS Graham, AL AF Tipton, DG Mondy, LA Ingber, MS Graham, AL BE Breebia, CA Tadeu, A Popov, V TI Analysis of sedimentation in viscous suspensions using the BEM SO BOUNDARY ELEMENTS XXIV: INCORPORATING MESHLESS SOLUTIONS SE ADVANCES IN BOUNDARY ELEMENTS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Boundary Element Methods CY JUN, 2002 CL SINTRA, PORTUGAL SP Wessex Inst Technol, Univ Coimbra AB Numerical simulations of sedimentation in both closed containers and pressure-driven conduits are studied using a parallel boundary element method (BEM). The BEM is based on the direct velocity boundary integral equation. The parallel data distribution uses a block-block (torus-wrap) scheme and a direct LU solver. Random distributions of up to 400 suspended particles are considered. For closed containers, the hindered settling correlation is found to be well characterized by the Richardson-Zaki (1954) correlation. However, for pressure-driven flows, the average sedimentation velocity is sensitive to both the length of the conduit and the imposed boundary conditions on the inlet and outlet. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Tipton, DG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1460-1419 BN 1-85312-914-3 J9 ADV BOUND ELEM SER PY 2002 VL 13 BP 501 EP 510 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA BV23M UT WOS:000178284900046 ER PT J AU Hu, XZ Lee, X Stevens, DE Smith, RB AF Hu, XZ Lee, X Stevens, DE Smith, RB TI A numerical study of nocturnal wavelike motion in forests SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE canopy turbulence; forest; numerical model; shear instability ID GRAVITY-WAVES; FINITE-AMPLITUDE; PLANT CANOPIES; TURBULENT-FLOW; SIMULATION; EXCHANGE; LAYER AB In this paper, we use a two-dimensional eddy-resolved model to investigate the instability of a parallel shear flow in a stably stratified boundary layer whose lower domain is occupied by a canopy. The results support our contention that wave motion in the canopy is initiated by shear in an air layer near the treetops. Significant modification by the wave motion of the mean velocity and temperature fields is found even before the wave reaches saturation. The wave fluxes of momentum and heat are not constant with height. Downwind tilting braids are found at the finite amplitude stage of the wave growth and could persist after wave breaking; these downwind tilting structures are believed to be the same as the temperature microfronts reported in the literature. We also present an analysis of the velocity and temperature fields of an observed wave event in the time-height domain and show that the simulation has captured the broad features of the observation. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA USA. Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Hu, XZ (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PY 2002 VL 102 IS 2 BP 199 EP 223 DI 10.1023/A:1013167228992 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 501RF UT WOS:000172699300003 ER PT J AU Clarke, CA Glaser, SL West, DW Ereman, RR Erdmann, CA Barlow, JM Wrensch, MR AF Clarke, CA Glaser, SL West, DW Ereman, RR Erdmann, CA Barlow, JM Wrensch, MR TI Breast cancer incidence and mortality trends in an affluent population: Marin County, California, USA, 1990-1999 SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE breast neoplasms; incidence; mortality; social class; whites ID UNITED-STATES; INCIDENCE RATES; SAN-FRANCISCO; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; SOCIAL-CLASS; RISK-FACTORS; INCREASE; WOMEN; ORGANS AB Background: Elevated rates of breast cancer in affluent Marin County, California, were first reported in the early 1990s. These rates have since been related to higher regional prevalence of known breast cancer risk factors, including low parity, education, and income. Close surveillance of Marin County breast cancer trends has nevertheless continued, in part because distinctive breast cancer patterns in well-defined populations may inform understanding of breast cancer etiology. Methods: Using the most recent incidence and mortality data available from the California Cancer Registry, we examined rates and trends for 1990-1999 for invasive breast cancer among non-Hispanic, white women in Marin County, in other San Francisco Bay Area counties, and in other urban California counties. Rates were age adjusted to the 2000 US standard, and temporal changes were evaluated with weighted linear regression. Results: Marin County breast cancer incidence rates between 1990 and 1999 increased 3.6% per year (95% confidence interval, 1.8-5.5), six times more rapidly than in comparison areas. The increase was limited to women aged 45-64 years, in whom rates increased at 6.7% per year (95% confidence interval, 3.8-9.6). Mortality rates did not change significantly in Marin County despite 3-5% yearly declines elsewhere. Conclusion: Patterns of breast cancer incidence and mortality in Marin County are unlike those in other California counties, and they are probably explained by Marin County's unique sociodemographic characteristics. Similar trends may have occurred in other affluent populations for which available data do not permit annual monitoring of cancer occurrence. C1 No Calif Canc Ctr, Union City, CA 94587 USA. Marin Cty Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Hlth, San Rafael, CA USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Marin Breast Canc Watch, San Rafael, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Clarke, CA (reprint author), No Calif Canc Ctr, 32960 Alvarado Niles Rd,600, Union City, CA 94587 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CN-65107] NR 28 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1465-542X J9 BREAST CANCER RES JI Breast Cancer Res. PY 2002 VL 4 IS 6 AR R13 DI 10.1186/bcr458 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 608AL UT WOS:000178822900002 PM 12473174 ER PT B AU Buck, JW McDonald, JP Taira, RY AF Buck, JW McDonald, JP Taira, RY BE Brebbia, CA Almorza, D Klapperich, H TI Process of integrating screening and detailed risk-based modeling analyses to ensure consistent and scientifically. defensible results SO BROWNFIELD SITES: ASSESSMENT, REHABILITATION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Brownfields Sites: Assessment, Rehabilitation and Development CY SEP 02-04, 2002 CL CADIZ, SPAIN SP Wessex Inst Technol, Univ Cadiz AB The United, States Department of Energy manages several installations with waste sites having a potential to impact human health and the environment. The Hanford Site in south-central Washington state is one such installation. The Hanford Site has over 1,000 wastes site with 177 of them being underground storage tanks containing, high-level radioactive waste. To support cleanup and closure of these tanks, modeling is performed to understand and predict potential impacts to human health and the environment. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory developed a screening tool for the United States Department of Energy, Office of River Protection that estimates the long-term human health risk, from a strategic planning perspective, posed by potential tank releases to the environment. This tool is being conditioned to more detailed model analyses to ensure consistency between studies and to provide scientific defensibility. Once the conditioning is complete, the system will be used to screen alternative cleanup and closure strategies. The integration of screening and detailed models provides consistent analyses, efficiencies in resources, and positive feedback between the various modeling groups. This approach of conditioning a screening methodology to more detailed analyses provides decision-makers with timely and defensible information and increases confidence in the results on the part of clients, regulators, and stakeholders. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Buck, JW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND BN 1-85312-918-6 PY 2002 BP 97 EP 107 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA BV57Q UT WOS:000179397500009 ER PT B AU Stenner, RD Hull, RN Willes, RF AF Stenner, RD Hull, RN Willes, RF BE Brebbia, CA Almorza, D Klapperich, H TI Involving stakeholders to achieve successful development of brownfield sites SO BROWNFIELD SITES: ASSESSMENT, REHABILITATION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Brownfields Sites: Assessment, Rehabilitation and Development CY SEP 02-04, 2002 CL CADIZ, SPAIN SP Wessex Inst Technol, Univ Cadiz AB Our overall quality of life depends on balancing the interrelationship between human and ecological health, socio-cultural values, and economic well-being. Achieving appropriate balance of these components is critical to modem environmental (e.g., Brownfield site) decision-making. The American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) is involved in developing a standard guide to facilitate the analysis and management of Quality of Life decision making. This guide will provide a process to help identify, analyze, and resolve stakeholders' issues associated with environmental problems. A key component to the Quality of Life process is to empower the affected stakeholders to enable genuine participation in the decision making and management process. The basic components of the Quality of Life process will be presented along with an example case where the methods have been applied successfully to the development of a Brownfield property in urban Toronto, Canada. The application of the Quality of Life process enabled participation of all the affected stakeholders (people in the community, the developer, local government and regulators) from the very beginning. The stakeholders participated in all decision-making of the redevelopment process; from planning the types and locations of buildings through landscaping/community- art for the site, traffic flow/public transportation, day-care requirements. and a variety of specific community amenities (up-grading lake access portals, various water recreation facilities, community playground equipment). Application of the Quality of Life process resulted in a win-win situation for all. stakeholders (i.e., people in the community, regulators and the developer). The derelict industrial property is being replaced by a residential development that will improve the overall qualityof life of the community. The developer is completing a profitable, successful real estate project, without the excessive delays and resulting expense typically associated with such a project. The historical environmental issues are being successfully resolved with the necessary due diligence and care, but without the fears and apprehensions that arise from uninformed perceptions that the general public often associate with such issues. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Battelle NW, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Stenner, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Battelle NW, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND BN 1-85312-918-6 PY 2002 BP 153 EP 161 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA BV57Q UT WOS:000179397500014 ER PT B AU Pelton, MA Hoopes, BL AF Pelton, MA Hoopes, BL BE Brebbia, CA Almorza, D Klapperich, H TI Multimedia-modeling integration development environment SO BROWNFIELD SITES: ASSESSMENT, REHABILITATION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Brownfields Sites: Assessment, Rehabilitation and Development CY SEP 02-04, 2002 CL CADIZ, SPAIN SP Wessex Inst Technol, Univ Cadiz AB There are many framework systems available; however, the purpose of the framework presented here is to capitalize on the successes of the Framework for Risk Analysis in Multimedia Environmental Systems (FRAMES) and Multimedia Multi-pathway Multi-receptor Risk Assessment (3MRA) methodology as applied to the Hazardous Waste Identification Rule (HWIR) while focusing on the development of software tools to simplify the module developer's effort of integrating a module into the framework. A module in this plug and play framework can be described as one or more codes, models, or databases that meet the framework communication protocol and can be placed in the visual conceptualization as a discrete part of an analysis. A framework such as this can be used to conceptualize and model the unique scenarios brought about by a Brownfields assessment. In a plug and play system users choose modules without having to worry whether the modules can communicate with each other allowing the user to focus on conceptualization. An Application Programming Interface (API) has been developed for this framework and is implemented as a Dynamic Link Library (DLL), or shared library. The protocol developed for linking modules together is in the form of data dictionaries, which are designed for flexibility. The approach is to focus on developing these protocols (i.e., boundary conditions) between modules using a distributive enviromnent, which allows multiple developers to collaborate on the same boundary conditions between modules in real time. The API is also used for boundary condition input and output (I/O). This enables the developer to consistently access data needed by other modules without the burden of educating their module on multiple file formats, making population of shared-data sources efficient and consistent. System editors are provided to set up the shared-data sources and the information needed to communicate the module's role in the plug and play system, thus easing the developers work load. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pelton, MA (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND BN 1-85312-918-6 PY 2002 BP 327 EP 336 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA BV57Q UT WOS:000179397500032 ER PT B AU Dorow, K AF Dorow, K BE Brebbia, CA Almorza, D Klapperich, H TI Database integration in a multimedia-modeling environment SO BROWNFIELD SITES: ASSESSMENT, REHABILITATION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Brownfields Sites: Assessment, Rehabilitation and Development CY SEP 02-04, 2002 CL CADIZ, SPAIN SP Wessex Inst Technol, Univ Cadiz AB Integration of data from disparate remote sources has direct applicability to modeling, which can support Brownfield assessments. To accomplish this task, a data integration. framework needs to be established. A key element in this framework is the metadata that creates the relationship between the pieces of information that are important in the multimedia modeling environment and the information that is stored in the remote data source. The design philosophy is to allow modelers and database owners to collaborate by defining this metadata in such a way that allows interaction between their components. The main parts of this framework include tools to facilitate metadata definition, database extraction plan creation, automated extraction plan execution / data retrieval, and a central clearing house for metadata and modeling /, database resources. Cross-platform compatibility (using Java) and standard communications protocols (http / https) allow these parts to run in a wide variety of computing environments (Local Area Networks, Internet, etc.), and, therefore, this framework provides many benefits. Because of the specific data relationships described in the metadata, the amount of data that have to be transferred is kept to a minimum (only the data that fulfill a specific request are provided as opposed to transferring the complete contents of a data source). This allows for real-time data extraction from the actual source. Also, the framework sets up collaborative responsibilities such that the different types of participants have control over the areas in which they have domain knowledge-the modelers are responsible for defining the data relevant to their models, while the database owners are responsible for mapping the contents of the database using the metadata definitions. Finally, the data extraction mechanism allows for the ability to control access to the data and what data are made available. C1 US DOE, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Dorow, K (reprint author), US DOE, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND BN 1-85312-918-6 PY 2002 BP 337 EP 342 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA BV57Q UT WOS:000179397500033 ER PT B AU Sydelko, PJ Dolph, JE Christiansen, JH AF Sydelko, PJ Dolph, JE Christiansen, JH BE Brebbia, CA Almorza, D Klapperich, H TI A flexible object-oriented software framework for developing complex multimedia simulations SO BROWNFIELD SITES: ASSESSMENT, REHABILITATION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Brownfields Sites: Assessment, Rehabilitation and Development CY SEP 02-04, 2002 CL CADIZ, SPAIN SP Wessex Inst Technol, Univ Cadiz ID RISK ASSESSMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LAKES; GIS AB Decision makers involved in brownfields redevelopment and long-term stewardship must consider environmental conditions, future-use potential, site ownership, area infrastructure, funding resources, cost recovery, regulations, risk and liability management, community relations, and expected return on investment in a comprehensive and integrated fashion to achieve desired results. Successful brownfields redevelopment requires the ability to assess the impacts of redevelopment options on multiple interrelated aspects of the ecosystem, both natural and societal. The Dynamic Information Architecture System (DIAS) is a flexible, extensible, object-oriented framework for developing and maintaining complex multidisciplinary simulations of a wide variety of application domains. The modeling domain of a specific DIAS-based simulation is determined by (1) software objects that represent the real-world entities that comprise the problem space (atmosphere, watershed, human), and (2) simulation models and other data processing applications that express the dynamic behaviors of the domain entities. Models and applications used to express dynamic behaviors can be either internal or external to DIAS, including existing legacy models written in various languages (FORTRAN, C, etc.). The ability to simulate the complex interplay of multimedia processes makes DIAS a promising tool for constructing applications for comprehensive community planning, including the assessment of multiple development and redevelopment scenarios. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sydelko, PJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND BN 1-85312-918-6 PY 2002 BP 363 EP 372 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA BV57Q UT WOS:000179397500036 ER PT B AU Whelan, G Peffers, MS Tolle, DA AF Whelan, G Peffers, MS Tolle, DA BE Brebbia, CA Almorza, D Klapperich, H TI Concepts associated with a unified life cycle analysis SO BROWNFIELD SITES: ASSESSMENT, REHABILITATION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Brownfields Sites: Assessment, Rehabilitation and Development CY SEP 02-04, 2002 CL CADIZ, SPAIN SP Wessex Inst Technol, Univ Cadiz AB There is a risk-associated with most things in the world, and all things have a life cycle unto themselves, even brownfields. Many components can be described by a "cycle of life." For example, five such components are life form, chemical, process, activity, and idea, although many more may exist. Brownfields may touch upon several of these life cycles. Each life cycle can be represented as independent software; therefore, a software technology structure is being formulated to allow for the seamless linkage of software products, representing various life-cycle aspects. Because classes of these life cycles tend to be independent of each other, the current research programs and efforts do not have to be revamped; therefore, this unified life-cycle paradigm builds upon current technology and is backward compatible while embracing future technology. Only when two of these life cycles coincide and one impacts the other is there connectivity and a transfer of information at the interface. The current framework approaches (e.g., FRAMES, 3MRA, etc.) have a design that is amenable to capturing 1) many of these underlying philosophical concepts to assure backward compatibility of diverse independent assessment frameworks and 2) linkage communication to help transfer the needed information at the points of intersection. The key effort will be to identify 1) linkage points (i.e., portals) between life cycles; 2) the type and form of data passing between life cycles, and 3) conditions-when life cycles interact and communicate. This paper discusses design aspects associated with a unified life-cycle analysis, which can support not only brownfields but also other types of assessments. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Whelan, G (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND BN 1-85312-918-6 PY 2002 BP 385 EP 394 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA BV57Q UT WOS:000179397500038 ER PT J AU Callaway, DS Perelson, AS AF Callaway, DS Perelson, AS TI HIV-1 infection and low steady state viral loads SO BULLETIN OF MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS; T-LYMPHOCYTES; COMBINATION THERAPY; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; LATENT RESERVOIR; LYMPHOID-TISSUE; RAPID TURNOVER; P-GLYCOPROTEIN AB Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) reduces the viral burden in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infected patients below the threshold of detectability. However, substantial evidence indicates that viral replication persists in these individuals. In this paper we examine the ability of several biologically motivated models of HIV-1 dynamics to explain sustained low viral loads. At or near drug efficacies that result in steady state viral loads below detectability, most models are extremely sensitive to small changes in drug efficacy. We argue that if these models reflect reality many patients should have cleared the virus, contrary to observation. We find that a model in which the infected cell death rate is dependent on the infected cell density does not suffer this shortcoming. The shortcoming is also overcome in two more conventional models that include small populations of cells in which the drug is less effective than in the main population, suggesting that difficulties with drug penetrance and maintenance of effective intracellular drug concentrations in all cells susceptible to HIV infection may underlie ongoing viral replication. (C) 2002 Society for Mathematical Biology. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Theoret & Appl Mech, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Perelson, AS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR06555] NR 56 TC 178 Z9 181 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0092-8240 J9 B MATH BIOL JI Bull. Math. Biol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 64 IS 1 BP 29 EP 64 DI 10.1006/bulm.2001.0266 PG 36 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 519VK UT WOS:000173746000003 PM 11868336 ER PT J AU Hanson, HP AF Hanson, HP TI Radiative destabilization in clear-sky cooling calculations SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hanson, HP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 83 IS 1 BP 111 EP 112 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(2002)083<0111:RDICSC>2.3.CO;2 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 514FT UT WOS:000173428600013 ER PT J AU Mullineaux, LS Speer, KG Thurnherr, AM Maltrud, ME Vangriesheim, A AF Mullineaux, LS Speer, KG Thurnherr, AM Maltrud, ME Vangriesheim, A TI Implications of cross-axis flow for larval dispersal along mid-ocean ridges SO CAHIERS DE BIOLOGIE MARINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Biology CY OCT 08-12, 2001 CL BREST, FRANCE SP 5th Framework Program European Commiss, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ Bretagne Occidentale, Inst Univ Europeen Mer, Reg Bretagne, Counseil Gen Finistere & Communaute Urbaine Brest, Total Fina Elf, Banque Populaire Ouest, Casden Banque Populaire, FEI Co, Proteus, Air France, Dorsales, InterRidge, Ridge USA, Mineral Management Serv, USA ID ATLANTIC RIDGE; PARTICLE-FLUX; PACIFIC C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. IFREMER, Dept Environm Profond, F-29280 Plouzane, France. RP Mullineaux, LS (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 10 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAHIERS DE BIOLOGIE MARINE PI ROSCOFF PA STATION BIOLOGIQUE PLACE GEORGES TEISSIER, 29680 ROSCOFF, FRANCE SN 0007-9723 J9 CAH BIOL MAR JI Cah. Biol. Mar. PY 2002 VL 43 IS 3-4 BP 281 EP 284 PG 4 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 627NB UT WOS:000179938200014 ER PT B AU Vitek, JM Babu, SS David, SA AF Vitek, JM Babu, SS David, SA BE Turchi, PEA Gonis, A Shull, RD TI Applications of computational thermodynamics to welding SO CALPHAD AND ALLOY THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Calphad and Alloy Thermodynamics held at the 2002 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 17-21, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Mineral, Met & Mat Soc ID NICKEL-BASE SUPERALLOY; CR-NI SYSTEM; NUMERICAL-ANALYSIS; STEEL WELDS; SOLIDIFICATION; PHASE; 304-STAINLESS-STEEL; MICROSTRUCTURES; DISSOLUTION; INCLUSION AB Computational thermodynamics allows for the prediction of phase stability in multi-component systems. This capability is of great importance in welding applications, where complex and often unique alloy compositions are found as a result of combining base metals, filler metals, and consumable alloys. Direct calculations can provide critically needed guidance in terms of identifying desirable alloy combinations. In addition, weldments are characterized by high cooling rates that produce non-equilibrium microstructures. When combined with kinetic models, computational thermodynamics provides a means for describing the evolution of the weld microstructure, from the early stages of solidification through the solid state transformations that take place during cooling and subsequent service. Numerous examples are described in which computational thermodynamics plays a pivotal role in advancing our understanding of weld metal behavior and in establishing a means for predicting weld metal microstructure. Topics include solidification behavior, microsegregation effects, inclusion formation, phase transformation behavior and alloy development. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vitek, JM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Babu, Sudarsanam/D-1694-2010 OI Babu, Sudarsanam/0000-0002-3531-2579 NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-514-X PY 2002 BP 239 EP 263 PG 25 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BU30P UT WOS:000175615700016 ER PT J AU Askari, MDF Miller, GH Vo-Dinh, T AF Askari, MDF Miller, GH Vo-Dinh, T TI Simultaneous detection of the tumor suppressor FHIT gene and protein using the multi-functional biochip SO CANCER DETECTION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article DE FHIT; fragile histidine triad gene; tumor suppressor gene; biochip; biosensors; microarray technology; fluorescence detection technology; cancer diagnosis ID LUNG-CANCER; BIOSENSOR; EXPRESSION; CARCINOMAS; ESOPHAGUS; LESIONS; DNA AB The tumor suppressor gene. fragile histidine triad (FHIT), encompasses the most common human chromosomal fragile site, at 3p14.2. Detection of FHIT gene is important in cancer diagnostics since its alterations have been associated with several human cancers. A unique multi-functional biochip for simultaneous detection of FHIT DNA and FHIT protein on the same platform was applied. The design of the biochip is based on miniaturization of photodiodes, where functioning of multiple optical sensing elements, amplifiers, discriminators, and logic circuitry are integrated on a single IC board. Performance of biochip is based on biomolecular recognition processes using both DNA and protein bioreceptors, Cy5-labeled probes and laser excitation. Application of biochip for concurrent detection of various immobilized target DNA and protein molecules and multiplex of DNA and protein on the same microarray was accomplished. Linearity of biochip for quantitative measurements was demonstrated. Results demonstrated utility of this multi-functional biochip as a useful detection technology with applications in biological and clinical laboratories. (C) 2002 International Society for Preventive Oncology. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Grad Sch Biomed Sci, Div Life Sci, Adv Monitoring Dev Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vo-Dinh, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Grad Sch Biomed Sci, Div Life Sci, Adv Monitoring Dev Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-090X J9 CANCER DETECT PREV JI Cancer Detect. Prev. PY 2002 VL 26 IS 5 BP 331 EP 342 AR PII S0361-090X(02)00091-0 DI 10.1016/S0361-090X(02)00091-0 PG 12 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 630TP UT WOS:000180125700001 PM 12518863 ER PT J AU Radisky, D Muschler, J Bissell, MJ AF Radisky, D Muschler, J Bissell, MJ TI Order and disorder: The role of extracellular matrix in epithelial cancer SO CANCER INVESTIGATION LA English DT Review ID RECONSTITUTED BASEMENT-MEMBRANE; GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR; FOCAL ADHESION KINASE; HEPARAN-SULFATE PROTEOGLYCAN; JUN NH2-TERMINAL KINASE; CASEIN GENE-EXPRESSION; CELL LINE HMT-3522; E-CADHERIN; TUMOR PROGRESSION; MAMMARY TUMORIGENESIS C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bissell, MJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 83-101, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-57621, R01 CA057621, R01 CA057621-07] NR 142 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0735-7907 J9 CANCER INVEST JI Cancer Invest. PY 2002 VL 20 IS 1 BP 139 EP 153 DI 10.1081/CNV-120000374 PG 15 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 520GG UT WOS:000173772200016 PM 11852996 ER PT J AU Wood, GO AF Wood, GO TI Review and comparisons of D/R models of equilibrium adsorption of binary mixtures of organic vapors on activated carbons SO CARBON LA English DT Article DE activated carbons; adsorption, modelling; phase equilibria ID PREDICTION; EQUATION; BEDS AB Published models and options for predicting equilibrium adsorption capacities of multicomponent mixtures using single component Dubinin/Radushkevich isotherm equations and parameters were reviewed. They were then tested for abilities to predict total and component capacities reported for 93 binary adsorbed mixtures. The best model for calculating molar distributions was the Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory (IAST). which balances spreading pressures. Combined with the IAST, total and component capacities were best calculated using either the Lewis or original Bering equation with the Ideal Adsorbed Solution (Raoult's Law) assumption. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wood, GO (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop K-486, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 24 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 2002 VL 40 IS 3 BP 231 EP 239 AR PII S0008-6223(01)00090-2 DI 10.1016/S0008-6223(01)00090-2 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 522MU UT WOS:000173901800002 ER PT J AU Braun, A Bartsch, M Schnyder, B Kotz, R Haas, O Wokaun, A AF Braun, A Bartsch, M Schnyder, B Kotz, R Haas, O Wokaun, A TI Evolution of BET internal surface area in glassy carbon powder during thermal oxidation SO CARBON LA English DT Article DE glass-like carbon; activation; BET surface area, modeling; surface areas AB It is demonstrated that glassy carbon powder can be thermochemically activated. During activation, a film with open pores is created on the glassy carbon particles. This film has a large internal surface area, which is accessible to liquids and gases. A simple model for the evolution of the internal surface area in glassy carbon powder during thermochemical gas-phase oxidation is also presented and compared with experimental data. Experimental results are in qualitative agreement with the model. We found that a sharp particle size distribution is desirable with regard to potential technical applications. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Paul Scherrer Inst, Gen Energy Res Dept, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. ETH Zentrum, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Chem Engn & Ind Chem, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Braun, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 70-108 B, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI BRAUN, Artur/A-1154-2009 OI BRAUN, Artur/0000-0002-6992-7774 NR 13 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 2002 VL 40 IS 3 BP 375 EP 382 AR PII S0008-6223(01)00114-2 DI 10.1016/S0008-6223(01)00114-2 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 522MU UT WOS:000173901800019 ER PT J AU Wood, GO AF Wood, GO TI A review of the effects of covapors on adsorption rate coefficients of organic vapors adsorbed onto activated carbon from flowing gases SO CARBON LA English DT Article DE activated carbon; adsorption; adsorption properties ID CARTRIDGE SERVICE LIFE; MASS-TRANSFER; MIXTURES; EQUATION; BREAKTHROUGH; LIVES; MODEL AB Published breakthrough time, adsorption rate, and capacity data for components of organic vapor mixtures adsorbed from flows through fixed activated carbon beds have been analyzed. Capacities (as stoichiometric centers of constant pattern breakthrough curves) yielded stoichiometric times tau, which are useful for determining elution orders of mixture components. Where authors did not report calculated adsorption rate coefficients k(v), of the Wheeler (or, more general, Reaction Kinetic) breakthrough curve equation, we calculated them from breakthrough times and tau. Ninety-five k(v) (in mixture)/k(v) (single vapor) ratios at similar vapor concentrations were calculated and averaged for elution order categories. For 43 first-eluting vapors the average ratio (1.07) was statistically no different (standard deviation 0.21) than unity, so that we recommend using the single-vapor k(v) for such. Forty-seven second-eluting vapor ratios averaged 0.85 (standard deviation 0.24), also not significantly different from unity; however, other evidence and considerations lead us to recommend using k(v) (in mixture)=0.85k(v) (single vapor). Five third- and fourth-eluting vapors gave an average of 0.56 (standard deviation 0.16) for a recommended k(v) (in mixture)=0.56k(v) (single vapor) for such. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wood, GO (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop K-486, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 29 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 2002 VL 40 IS 5 BP 685 EP 694 AR PII S0008-6223(01)00185-3 DI 10.1016/S0008-6223(01)00185-3 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 543GM UT WOS:000175093100005 ER PT J AU Wood, GO AF Wood, GO TI Quantification and application of skew of breakthrough curves for gases and vapors eluting from activated carbon beds SO CARBON LA English DT Article DE activated carbon; adsorption; adsorption properties ID CARTRIDGE SERVICE LIFE; ADSORPTION KINETICS; THEORETICAL-MODEL; MIXTURES AB Vapor and gas breakthrough curves for packed activated carbon beds are often assumed to be symmetrical, when they are actually more often skewed. This skew explains why adsorption rate coefficients calculated at differing breakthrough fractions may not agree. Three extensive databases of breakthrough curves were analyzed to quantify this skew and the effects of relative humidity (preconditioning and use) on it. Skew results for varieties of chemicals and carbons agreed well and were combined to get a quadratic expression for a defined skew parameter. This expression was combined with a previous observation of the effect of breakthrough fraction on calculated rate coefficient. The combination allows estimation of an adsorption rate coefficient at a desired breakthrough fraction from a rate coefficient known (experimentally or by calculation) at another breakthrough fraction. A sample calculation is given. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wood, GO (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop K-486, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 21 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 2002 VL 40 IS 11 BP 1883 EP 1890 AR PII S0008-6223(02)00031-3 DI 10.1016/S0008-6223(02)00031-3 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 587JL UT WOS:000177636700005 ER PT J AU Kadla, JF Kubo, S Venditti, RA Gilbert, RD Compere, AL Griffith, W AF Kadla, JF Kubo, S Venditti, RA Gilbert, RD Compere, AL Griffith, W TI Lignin-based carbon fibers for composite fiber applications SO CARBON LA English DT Article DE carbon fibers; stabilization; carbonization; mechanical properties; chemical structure ID MESOPHASE PITCH; STRENGTH; PRECURSOR; CURE AB Carbon fibers have been produced for the first time from a commercially available kraft lignin, without any chemical modification, by thermal spinning followed by carbonization. A fusible lignin with excellent spinnability to form a fine filament was produced with a thermal pretreatment under vacuum. Blending the lignin with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) further facilitated fiber spinning, but at PEO levels greater than 5%, the blends could not be stabilized without the individual fibers fusing together. Carbon fibers produced had an over-all yield of 45%. The tensile strength and modulus increased with decreasing fiber diameter, and are comparable to those of much smaller diameter carbon fibers produced from phenolated exploded lignins. In view of the mechanical properties, tensile 400-550 MPa and modulus 30-60 GPa, kraft lignin should be further investigated as a precursor for general grade carbon fibers. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Wood & Paper Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Kadla, JF (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Wood & Paper Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 32 TC 264 Z9 279 U1 22 U2 171 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 2002 VL 40 IS 15 BP 2913 EP 2920 AR PII S0008-6223(02)00248-8 DI 10.1016/S0008-6223(02)00248-8 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 617EG UT WOS:000179347900019 ER PT J AU Konya, Z Puntes, VF Kiricsi, I Zhu, J Alivisatos, P Somorjai, GA AF Konya, Z Puntes, VF Kiricsi, I Zhu, J Alivisatos, P Somorjai, GA TI Novel two-step synthesis of controlled size and shape platinum nanoparticles encapsulated in mesoporous silica SO CATALYSIS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE metal nanoparticles; SBA-15; mesoporous silica ID CATALYSTS; CU AB Uniform shape and size platinum nanoparticles encapsulated in mesoporous silica (SBA-15) were prepared in the same solution by a novel two-step method. Platinum nanoparticles were prepared in aqueous solution of K2PtCl4, the reduction was carried out by bubbling hydrogen, the capping material was tri-block poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) copolymer. The mesoporous silica was synthesized using the same copolymer as template from tetraethyl orthosilicate by hydrolysis in acidic conditions. The "Pt-nanoparticles-in-mesoporous-silica" system was characterized by a combination of low-angle powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and N-2 porosimetry. The platinum nanoparticles are encapsulated in the mesopores and retained their size and morphology. It appears that this hybrid material should be a superior three-dimensional high-surface-area catalyst for selective platinum-catalyzed reactions. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Szeged, Dept Appl & Environm Chem, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Puntes, Victor/F-8407-2013; Konya, Zoltan/C-2492-2009; Alivisatos , Paul /N-8863-2015 OI Puntes, Victor/0000-0001-8996-9499; Konya, Zoltan/0000-0002-9406-8596; Alivisatos , Paul /0000-0001-6895-9048 NR 14 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 28 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1011-372X J9 CATAL LETT JI Catal. Lett. PY 2002 VL 81 IS 3-4 BP 137 EP 140 DI 10.1023/A:1016505912884 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 575ET UT WOS:000176934300001 ER PT J AU Liu, Z Nutt, MA Iglesia, E AF Liu, Z Nutt, MA Iglesia, E TI The effects of CO2, CO and H-2 co-reactants on methane reactions catalyzed by Mo/H-ZSM-5 SO CATALYSIS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE CO2; CO; H-2 co-reactants; methane reactions; Mo/H-ZSM-5 catalyst ID EXCHANGED H-ZSM5; BENZENE; CONVERSION; NAPHTHALENE; MOLYBDENUM; MO/HZSM-5; DEHYDROAROMATIZATION; DEHYDROCONDENSATION; DEHYDROGENATION; AROMATIZATION AB The effects of CO2, CO and H-2 co-reactants on CH4 pyrolysis reactions catalyzed by Mo/H-ZSM-5 were investigated as a function of reaction temperatures and co-reactant and CH4 concentrations. Total CH4 conversion rates were not affected by CO2 co-reactants, except at high CO2 pressures, which led to the oxidation of the active MoCx species, but CHx intermediates formed in rate-determining C-H bond activation steps increasingly formed CO instead of hydrocarbons as CO2 concentrations increased. CO formation rates increased with increasing CO2 partial pressure; all entering CO2 molecules reacted with CH4 within the catalyst bed to form two CO molecules at 950-1033 K. In contrast, hydrocarbon formation rates decreased linearly with increasing CO2 partial pressure and reached undetectable levels at CO2/CH4 ratios above 0.075 at 950 K. CO formation continued for a short period of time at these CO2/CH4 molar ratios, but then all catalytic activity ceased, apparently as a result of the conversion of active carbide structures to MoOx. The removal of CO2 from the CH4 stream led to gradual catalyst reactivation via reduction-carburization processes similar to those observed during the initial activation of MoOx/H-ZSM-5 precursors in CH4. The CO2/CH4 molar ratios required to inhibit hydrocarbon synthesis were independent of CH4 pressure because of the first-order kinetic dependencies of both CH4 and CO2 activation steps. These ratios increased from 0.075 to 0.143 as reaction temperatures increased from 950 to 1033 K. This temperature dependence reflects higher activation energies for reductant (CH4) than for oxidant (CO2) activation, leading to catalyst oxidation at higher relative oxidant concentrations as temperature increases. The scavenging of CHx intermediates by CO2-derived species leads also to lower chain growth probabilities and to a significant inhibition of catalyst deactivation via oligomerization pathways responsible for the formation of highly unsaturated unreactive deposits. CO co-reactants did not influence the rate or selectivity of CH4 pyrolysis reactions on Mo/H-ZSM-5; therefore, CO formed during reactions of CO2/CH4 mixtures are not responsible for the observed effects of CO2 on reaction rates and selectivities, or in catalyst deactivation rates during CH4 reactions. H-2 addition studies showed that H-2 formed during CH4/CO2 reactions near the bed inlet led to inhibited catalyst deactivation in downstream catalyst regions, even after CO2 co-reactants were depleted. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Iglesia, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Iglesia, Enrique/D-9551-2017 OI Iglesia, Enrique/0000-0003-4109-1001 NR 29 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 6 U2 41 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1011-372X J9 CATAL LETT JI Catal. Lett. PY 2002 VL 81 IS 3-4 BP 271 EP 279 DI 10.1023/A:1016553828814 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 575ET UT WOS:000176934300024 ER PT J AU Jung, KT Bell, AT AF Jung, KT Bell, AT TI Effects of zirconia phase on the synthesis of methanol over zirconia-supported copper SO CATALYSIS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE methanol synthesis; zirconia; copper ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; CATALYTIC PROPERTIES; MONOCLINIC ZIRCONIA; SYNTHESIS MECHANISM; CO2 HYDROGENATION; SURFACE-ACIDITY; ADSORPTION; CU/ZRO2; BEHAVIOR; CU/SIO2 AB A study has been conducted to identify the influence of zirconia phase and copper to zirconia surface area on the activity of Cu/ZrO2 catalysts for the synthesis of methanol from either CO/H-2 or CO2/H-2,. To determine the effects of zirconia phase, a pair of Cu/ZrO2, catalysts was prepared on tetragonal (t-) and monoclinic (m-) zirconia. The zirconia surface area and the Cu dispersion were essentially identical for these two catalysts. At 548 K, 0.65 MPa, and H-2/COx = 3 (x = 1, 2), the catalyst prepared on m-ZrO2 was 4.5 times more active for methanol synthesis from CO2/H-2 than that prepared on t-ZrO2, and 7.5 times more active when CO/H-2 was used as the feed. Increasing the surface area of m-ZrO2 and the ratio of Cu to ZrO2 surface areas further increased the methanol synthesis activity. In situ infrared spectroscopy and transient-response experiments indicate that the higher rate of methanol synthesis from CO2/H-2 over Cu/m-ZrO2 is due solely to the higher concentration of active intermediates. By contrast, the higher rate of methanol synthesis from CO/H-2, is due to both a higher concentration of surface intermediates and the more rapid dynamics of their transformation over Cu/ZiO(2). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Chem Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bell, AT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Chem Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Bell, Alexis/0000-0002-5738-4645 NR 29 TC 71 Z9 74 U1 8 U2 37 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1011-372X J9 CATAL LETT JI Catal. Lett. PY 2002 VL 80 IS 1-2 BP 63 EP 68 AR UNSP 1011-372X/02/0500-0063/0 DI 10.1023/A:1015326726898 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 572YA UT WOS:000176801500011 ER PT J AU Berhault, G Araiza, LC Moller, AD Mehta, A Chianelli, RR AF Berhault, G Araiza, LC Moller, AD Mehta, A Chianelli, RR TI Modifications of unpromoted and cobalt-promoted MoS2 during thermal treatment by dimethylsulfide SO CATALYSIS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE MoS2; MoSxCy; CoMoS; CoMoC; hydrodesulfurization; dimethylsulfide ID TRANSITION-METAL SULFIDES; IN-SITU DECOMPOSITION; MOLYBDENUM CARBIDE; HYDRODESULFURIZATION CATALYSTS; WS2 CATALYSTS; SPECTROSCOPY; ADSORPTION; SURFACE; CARBON; HYDROGENATION AB Previous results have shown that the active surface in stabilized active sulfide catalysts is carbided. This fact led us to reconsider the influence of organosulfide agents in the activation of hydrotreatment catalysts. Structural and morphological consequences of dimethylsulfide treatment Of (CO)/MoS2-based solids were studied. Results suggest that the electronic promotion of Mo by Co substantially influences the carbon replacement of sulfur atoms at the edges of molybdenum sulfide layers. C1 Univ Poitiers, Catalyse Chim Organ Lab, CNRS, UMR6503, F-86022 Poitiers, France. CCMC, Ensenada 22830, Baja California, Mexico. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Texas, Mat Res & Technol Inst, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. RP Berhault, G (reprint author), Univ Poitiers, Catalyse Chim Organ Lab, CNRS, UMR6503, 40 Ave Recteur Pineau, F-86022 Poitiers, France. RI DUARTE MOLLER, JOSE ALBERTO/G-1350-2012 OI DUARTE MOLLER, JOSE ALBERTO/0000-0002-9763-8929 NR 47 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 5 U2 25 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1011-372X J9 CATAL LETT JI Catal. Lett. PY 2002 VL 78 IS 1-4 BP 81 EP 90 AR UNSP 1011-372X/02/0300-0081/0 DI 10.1023/A:1014910105975 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 553TM UT WOS:000175691600012 ER PT S AU Reinhart, WD Chhabildas, LC Grady, DE Mashimo, T AF Reinhart, WD Chhabildas, LC Grady, DE Mashimo, T BE McCauley, JW Crowson, A Gooch, WA Rajendran, AM Bless, SJ Logan, KV Normandia, M Wax, S TI Shock compression and release properties of coors AD995 alumina SO CERAMIC ARMOR MATERIALS BY DESIGN SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ceramic Armor Materials by Design held at the Pac Rim IV International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Glass CY NOV 04-08, 2001 CL MAUI, HI ID SAPPHIRE; WAVE AB An investigation of the shock compression, recompression and decompression properties of Coors AD995 alumina (aluminum oxide) ceramic and single crystal sapphire has been conducted. Well-controlled, planar impact experiments have been performed in which stationary targets are impacted by ceramic plates to pressures exceeding 100 GPa. In this study of Coors AD995 ceramic and single crystal sapphire, dynamic material property data is obtained utilizing gun loading techniques and high-resolution velocity interferometric tools. Techniques used to determine the dynamic compression, recompression, and release behavior are summarized herein. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Seapons Sci Applicat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Reinhart, WD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Seapons Sci Applicat, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-148-X J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2002 VL 134 BP 233 EP 247 PG 15 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BW33N UT WOS:000181621000020 ER PT S AU Chhabildas, LC Reinhart, WD Dandekar, DP AF Chhabildas, LC Reinhart, WD Dandekar, DP BE McCauley, JW Crowson, A Gooch, WA Rajendran, AM Bless, SJ Logan, KV Normandia, M Wax, S TI Taylor-impact experiments for brittle ceramic materials SO CERAMIC ARMOR MATERIALS BY DESIGN SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ceramic Armor Materials by Design held at the Pac Rim IV International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Glass CY NOV 04-08, 2001 CL MAUI, HI ID VELOCITIES; KM/S AB A new time-resolved test methodology is described which allows access to loading rates that lie between split Hopkinson bar and shock-loading techniques. Gas-gun experiments combined with velocity interferomtry techniques have been used to experimentally determine the intermediate strain-rate loa ding behavior of Coors AD995 alumina, Cercom silicon-carbide and Cercom boron-carbide rods. Graded-density materials have been used as impactors; thereby eliminating the tension states generated by the radial stress components during the loading phase. Results of these experiments demonstrate that the time-dependent stress pulse generated during impact allows an efficient transition from the initial uniaxial-strain loading to a uniaxial-stress state as the stress pulse propagates through the rod. This allows access to intermediate loading rates over 5 x 10(3)/S to 10(6)/S. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-148-X J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2002 VL 134 BP 269 EP 278 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BW33N UT WOS:000181621000023 ER PT J AU Unal, O Bansal, NP AF Unal, O Bansal, NP TI In-plane and interlaminar shear strength of a unidirectional Hi-Nicalon fiber-reinforced celsian matrix composite SO CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE composites; mechanical properties; silicate; structural applications ID INPLANE AB In-plane and interlaminar shear strength of a unidirectional SiC fiber-reinforced (BaSr)Al2Si2O8 celsian composite were measured by the double-notch shear test method between room temperature and 1200 degreesC. The interlaminar shear strength was lower than the in-plane shear strength at all temperatures. Stress analysis, using finite element modeling, indicated that shear stress concentration was not responsible for the observed difference in strength. Instead, the difference in layer architecture and thus, the favorable alignment of fiber-rich layers with the shear plane in the interlaminar specimens appears to be the reason for the lower strength of this composite. A rapid decrease in strength was observed with temperature due to softening of the glassy phase in the material. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd and Techna S.r.l. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Div Mat, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bansal, NP (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Div Mat, MS 106-5, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 29 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-8842 J9 CERAM INT JI Ceram. Int. PY 2002 VL 28 IS 5 BP 527 EP 540 AR PII S0272-8842(02)00006-8 DI 10.1016/S0272-8842(02)00006-8 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 572TE UT WOS:000176790400009 ER PT J AU Dong, SM Katoh, Y Kohyama, A Schwab, ST Snead, LL AF Dong, SM Katoh, Y Kohyama, A Schwab, ST Snead, LL TI Microstructural evolution and mechanical performances of SiC/SiC composites by polymer impregnation/microwave pyrolysis (PIMP) process SO CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE composites; microstructure-final; mechanical properties; SiC; PIMP ID INTERFACIAL ROUGHNESS; MATRIX COMPOSITES; SILICON-CARBIDE; POLYCARBOSILANE; FIBERS; TESTS AB SiC/SiC composites were prepared by polymer impregnation/microwave pyrolysis (PIMP) process, and their microstructural evolution and the mechanical performances were characterized. Using non-coated Tyranno SA fiber preforms as reinforcement and impregnation with only allylperhydropolycarbosilane (AHPCS) into the preforms, Tyranno SA/SiC composite (TSA/SiC) with higher density was obtained. While using carbon-coated Tyranno SA fiber preforms, Tyranno SA/C/SiC composite (TSA/C/SiC) with lower density were also fabricated. In this composite, SiC particulate was loaded with polymer precursor (AHPCS) in the first cycle impregnation. Microstructural observation revealed that pore and crack formation was affected by processing conditions. Bending strength was also dependent on the microstructural evolution of the samples. In TSA/SiC composite, relatively strong interfaces contribute to effective load transfer so that higher bending strength could be reached. In the TSA/C/SiC composite, weak interfaces provide a relatively lower strength. Meanwhile, different microstructural evolution and interfacial properties of the composites lead to the variation of the fracture behaviors. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd and Techna S.r.l.. C1 Kyoto Univ, CREST, ACE, JST, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Inst Adv Energy, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. Thor Technol Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dong, SM (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, CREST, ACE, JST, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. OI Katoh, Yutai/0000-0001-9494-5862 NR 21 TC 49 Z9 53 U1 6 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-8842 J9 CERAM INT JI Ceram. Int. PY 2002 VL 28 IS 8 BP 899 EP 905 AR PII S0272-8842(02)00071-8 DI 10.1016/S0272-8842(02)00071-8 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 615BG UT WOS:000179225500012 ER PT J AU Jiricka, M Hrma, P AF Jiricka, M Hrma, P TI Structural and mechnical response to a thermo-rheologic history of spinel sludge in high-level waste glass SO CERAMICS-SILIKATY LA English DT Article DE glass; spinel; rheology AB The composition and structure of a sludge sample from a high-level waste glass melter were studied using optical and scanning electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction, At isothermal heat treatments between 1050degreesC and 1350degreesC, spinel crystals partly dissolved to form on cooling tiny (similar to10 mum) star-like crystals or dendrites. The shear stress in sludge was measured at a constant shear rate (from 0.005 s(-1) to 1.0 s(-1)) and temperature (from 1050degreesC to 1350degreesC during repeated deformation and after idling. The initial thixotropic character of the loose structure of the settled sludge turned on subsequent deformation (and idling) to rheopectic behavior. As the spinel concentration in the sludge decreased from 28 mass% (sludge as received) to 15 mass% at 1300degreesC, the sludge turned into a Newtonian suspension. C1 Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Inorgan Chem, Lab Inorgan Mat, Prague 16628, Czech Republic. Inst Chem Technol, Prague 16628, Czech Republic. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Jiricka, M (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Inorgan Chem, Lab Inorgan Mat, Technicka 5, Prague 16628, Czech Republic. EM Milos.Jiricka@vscht.cz NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY, DEPT GLASS CERAMICS PI PRAGUE PA TECHNICKA 5, PRAGUE 166 28, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0862-5468 J9 CERAM-SILIKATY JI Ceram.-Silik. PY 2002 VL 46 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 558BY UT WOS:000175946200001 ER PT J AU Mika, M Liska, M Hrma, P AF Mika, M Liska, M Hrma, P TI The effect of spinel sludge aging on its viscosity SO CERAMICS-SILIKATY LA English DT Article DE spinel sludge; high-level waste; viscosity AB Spinel sludge samples of different age were prepared by allowing spinel to settle in alumina crucibles. During the aging process the concentration of spine! crystals increased, which resulted in higher viscosity of the sludge. To quantify this process, we suggested functions describing dependence of sludge viscosity on spine! concentration, time dependence of spine! concentration in the sludge, and the dependence of sludge viscosity on sludge age. C1 Inst Chem Technol, Dept Glass & Ceram, CR-16628 Prague, Czech Republic. SAS, Joint Glass Lab, Inst Inorgan Chem, Trencin 91150, Slovakia. Alexander Dubcek Univ Trencin, Trencin 91150, Slovakia. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Mika, M (reprint author), Inst Chem Technol, Dept Glass & Ceram, Technicka 5, CR-16628 Prague, Czech Republic. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU INST CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY, DEPT GLASS CERAMICS PI PRAGUE PA TECHNICKA 5, PRAGUE 166 28, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0862-5468 J9 CERAM-SILIKATY JI Ceram.-Silik. PY 2002 VL 46 IS 4 BP 148 EP 151 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 637TZ UT WOS:000180531000005 ER PT B AU Ginocchio, JN AF Ginocchio, JN BE Covello, A TI Pseudospin symmetry: A relativistic symmetry in nuclei SO CHALLANGES OF NUCLEAR STRUCTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Spring Seminar on Nuclear Physics CY MAY 27-31, 2001 CL Maiori, ITALY SP Univ Naples Federico II, Inst Nazl Fis Nucl, Dipartimento Sci Fish & Polo Sci & delle Tecnol ID POTENTIALS AB We review the status of quasi-degenerate doublets in nuclei, called pseudospin doublets, which were discovered about thirty years ago and the origins of which have remained a mystery, until recently. We show that pseudospin doublets originate from an SU(2) symmetry of the Dirac Hamiltonian which occurs when the sum of the scalar and vector potentials is a constant. Furthermore, we survey the evidence that pseudospin symmetry is approximately conserved in nuclear spectra and eigenfunctions and in magnetic dipole transitions for a Dirac Hamiltonian with realistic nuclear scalar and vector potentials. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ginocchio, JN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS B283, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4725-7 PY 2002 BP 253 EP 260 DI 10.1142/9789812778383_0025 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BCK49 UT WOS:000229749700025 ER PT B AU Dean, DJ AF Dean, DJ BE Covello, A TI Many-body correlations in nuclei and quantum dots SO CHALLANGES OF NUCLEAR STRUCTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Spring Seminar on Nuclear Physics CY MAY 27-31, 2001 CL Maiori, ITALY SP Univ Naples Federico II, Inst Nazl Fis Nucl, Dipartimento Sci Fish & Polo Sci & delle Tecnol ID MODEL MONTE-CARLO; MAXIMUM-DENSITY-DROPLET; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; STATISTICS; SYSTEMS; ENERGY AB Confined quantum many-body systems of a given particle number exhibit a variety of intrinsic shape characteristics as a function of increasing external field and internal thermal excitation. The shell model is an important tool for the theoretical description of these various structures and transitions in nuclei. Another system in which correlations beyond the mean field may play an important role is semiconductor quantum dots. In this Proceedings, I will compare nuclei and quantum dots and their various deformation properties. I will report on shell-model calculations in nuclei and some recent mean-field calculations of the thermal properties of quantum dots. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 2008,Bldg 6003,MS 6373, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM deandj@ornl.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4725-7 PY 2002 BP 551 EP 558 DI 10.1142/9789812778383_0057 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BCK49 UT WOS:000229749700057 ER PT S AU Calo, JM Hall, PJ Houtmann, S Castello, DL Winans, RE Seifert, S AF Calo, JM Hall, PJ Houtmann, S Castello, DL Winans, RE Seifert, S BE RodriguezReinoso, F McEnaney, B Rouquerol, J Unger, K TI "Real time" determination of porosity development in carbons: a combined SAXS/TGA approach SO CHARACTERIZATION OF POROUS SOLIDS VI SE STUDIES IN SURFACE SCIENCE AND CATALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Characterization of Porous Solids (COPS-VI) CY MAY 08-11, 2002 CL ALICANTE, SPAIN SP Univ Alicante, Fdn Bancaja, Minist Ciencia & Technol, OCIT Generalitat Valenciana AB Time-resolved X-ray scattering data are presented for three different carbons that were activated in situ in the beamline at the Advanced Photon Source at the Argonne National Laboratory in Argonne, IL, USA. The resultant data exhibit varied behavior, depending on the carbon type. The data suggest a dynamic porosity development mechanism. A net population balance model of pores within a particular size range may explain these observations. C1 Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Strathclyde, Div Chem Engn, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Alicante, Dept Quim Inorgan, E-03080 Alicante, Spain. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Calo, JM (reprint author), Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RI Hall, Peter/F-6948-2010 NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2991 BN 0-444-51261-6 J9 STUD SURF SCI CATAL PY 2002 VL 144 BP 59 EP 66 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BV93R UT WOS:000180452700008 ER PT S AU Mowry, C Morgan, C Baca, Q Manginell, R Kottenstette, R Lewis, P Frye-Mason, G AF Mowry, C Morgan, C Baca, Q Manginell, R Kottenstette, R Lewis, P Frye-Mason, G BE Jensen, JL Burggraf, LW TI Rapid detection of bacteria with miniaturized pyrolysis-gas chromatographic analysis SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL EARLY WARNING MONITORING FOR WATER, FOOD AND GROUND SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Early Warning Monitoring for Water, Food, and Ground CY NOV 01-02, 2001 CL NEWTON, MA SP SPIE DE microsensor; pyrolysis; gas chromatograph; GC; fatty acid ID METHYLATION AB Rapid detection and identification of bacteria and other pathogens is important for many civilian and military applications. The profiles of biological markers such as fatty acids can be used to characterize biological samples or to distinguish bacteria at the gram-type, genera, and even species level. Common methods for whole cell bacterial analysis are neither portable nor rapid, requiring lengthy, labor intensive sample preparation and bench-scale instrumentation. These methods chemically derivatize fatty acids to produce more volatile fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) that can be separated and analyzed by a gas chromatograph (GC)/mass spectrometer. More recent publications demonstrate decreased sample preparation time with in situ derivatization of whole bacterial samples using pyrolysis/derivatization. Ongoing development of miniaturized pyrolysis/GC instrumentation by this department capitalizes on Sandia advances in the field of microfabricated chemical analysis systems (muChemLab). Microdevices include rapidly heated stages capable of pyrolysis or sample concentration, gas chromatography columns, and surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor arrays. We will present results demonstrating the capabilities of these devices towards fulfilling the goal of portable, rapid detection and early warning of the presence of pathogens in air or water. Results include successful pyrolysis/derivatization using only milliwatts of power and rapid (<5 minutes) separation of relevant FAMEs. We will also present data showing the effects of various derivatization schemes or air as carrier gas on GC performance. The capability of SAW sensor array detection of FAMEs and preliminary results on the differentiation of bacterial samples will also be discussed with respect to the goals stated above. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Mowry, C (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4303-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4575 BP 83 EP 90 DI 10.1117/12.456911 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA BU46S UT WOS:000176067200009 ER PT S AU Foy, BR Petrin, RR Quick, CR Shimada, T Tiee, JJ AF Foy, BR Petrin, RR Quick, CR Shimada, T Tiee, JJ BE Gardner, PJ TI Comparisons between hyperspectral passive and multispectral active sensor measurements SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SENSING III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Sensing III CY APR 02, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE hyperspectral imaging; lidar; infrared imaging; clutter; image classification; temperature-emissivity separation ID SYNTHETIC IMAGE GENERATION; CHEMICAL PLUMES; VAPORS; LIDAR AB We conducted experiments with side-by-side active and passive sensors in the 8-12 micron region in order to study similarities and differences in the spectral signatures detected by the two sensors. The active instrument was a frequency-agile CO2 lidar system operating on 44 wavelengths and at a total pulse repetition rate of 5 kHz. The passive system was an Aerospace Corp. dispersive imaging spectrometer with 128 spectral channels from 750-1250 cm(-1). The sensors viewed both natural scenes and man-made objects typical of industrial scenes at ranges of 1-3 km along horizontal paths. Scenes were viewed under various ambient conditions in order to evaluate the effects of radiance contrast for the passive images at different times of a day. Both imaging and "stating" experiments were conducted on the background scenes. An imaging Fabry-Perot spectrometer was also deployed to provide single-wavelength snapshots of scenes at several selected wavelengths. We present details of the experiments and preliminary analysis of the data that show how reflectance data (from an active sensor) can be compared to passive data (influenced by ground emissivity, atmospheric radiance, and temperature differences) in scenes with a significant level of "clutter". C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, MS J567, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bfoy@lanl.gov NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4472-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2002 VL 4722 BP 98 EP 109 DI 10.1117/12.472253 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BV08M UT WOS:000177781000011 ER PT J AU Kiplinger, JL Morris, DE Scott, BL Burns, CJ AF Kiplinger, JL Morris, DE Scott, BL Burns, CJ TI Enhancing the reactivity of uranium(VI) organoimido complexes with diazoalkanes SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID VALENT ORGANOURANIUM COMPLEXES; C-H ACTIVATION; FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS; METATHESIS; AZIDES AB Diphenyldiazomethane effects a two-electron oxidation of the uranium(IV) monoimido complex (C5Me5)(2)U(=N-2,4,6- t-Bu3C6H2) to give the uranium(VI) mixed bis( imido) complex, (C5Me5)(2)U(=N-2,4,6-t-Bu3C6H2)(=N-N=CPh2), which undergoes a rare cyclometallation reaction upon mild thermolysis to afford a uranium(IV) bis( amide) complex that results from net addition of a C-H bond of an ortho tert-butyl group across the N=U=N core. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kiplinger, JL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Morris, David/A-8577-2012; Kiplinger, Jaqueline/B-9158-2011; Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017 OI Kiplinger, Jaqueline/0000-0003-0512-7062; Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396 NR 22 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2002 IS 1 BP 30 EP 31 DI 10.1039/b109455f PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 514XF UT WOS:000173465800011 PM 12120295 ER PT J AU Cai, H Chen, TN Wang, XP Schultz, AJ Koetzle, TF Xue, ZL AF Cai, H Chen, TN Wang, XP Schultz, AJ Koetzle, TF Xue, ZL TI Direct observation of eta(2)-imine formation through beta-H abstraction between amide ligands. Neutron and X-ray diffraction structure of a dihydride imine ditantalum complex SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS; HYDROGEN ELIMINATION; HYDRIDE COMPLEXES; TANTALUM; TITANIUM; AMMONIA; IMIDO; BOND; TIN AB Reactions of Ta(NMe2)(5) with D2SiR'Ph (R'=Me, Ph) were found to give a dideuteride eta(2)-imine complex (Me2N)(3)Ta(mu-D)2(mu-N-eta(2)-N,C-CH2NMe)Ta(NMe2)(3) (1-d(2)) through C- H activation of an amide ligand via beta-H abstraction, and the structure of 1 was confirmed by single crystal neutron and X-ray diffraction. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Schultz, AJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Wang, Xiaoping/E-8050-2012 OI Wang, Xiaoping/0000-0001-7143-8112 NR 38 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2002 IS 3 BP 230 EP 231 DI 10.1039/b108913g PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 520YW UT WOS:000173812200020 PM 12120379 ER PT J AU Bong, DTY Gentric, L Holmes, D Matzger, AJ Scherhag, F Vollhardt, KPC AF Bong, DTY Gentric, L Holmes, D Matzger, AJ Scherhag, F Vollhardt, KPC TI Synthesis of bent [4]phenylene (cyclobuta[1,2-alpha : 3,4-b ']bisbiphenylene) and structure of a bis(trimethylsilyl) derivative: the last [4] phenylene isomer SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID PHENYLENES; CYCLOHEXATRIENE; <3>PHENYLENE; TOPOLOGY; POLYMER; RING AB The syntheses of the title compounds were accomplished by cobalt-catalyzed alkyne cyclotrimerizations using two strategies; the properties of the bent phenylene frame reflect the combined effects of benzocyclobutadienofusion of the component [3] phenylene substructures. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Ctr New Direct Organ Synth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Vollhardt, KPC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Ctr New Direct Organ Synth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Bong, Dennis/B-8928-2009; Matzger, Adam/G-7497-2016; Bong, Dennis/I-9517-2016 OI Matzger, Adam/0000-0002-4926-2752; Bong, Dennis/0000-0003-3778-9183 NR 21 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2002 IS 3 BP 278 EP 279 DI 10.1039/b109789j PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 520YW UT WOS:000173812200044 PM 12120403 ER PT J AU Balema, VP Wiench, JW Pruski, M Pecharsky, VK AF Balema, VP Wiench, JW Pruski, M Pecharsky, VK TI Solvent-free mechanochemical synthesis of phosphonium salts SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID STATE AB Phosphonium salts have been prepared during high- energy ball- milling of triphenylphosphine with solid organic bromides; the reactions occur at ambient conditions without a solvent; in the case of 2- bromo- 2- phenylacetophenone the reaction in a solution usually produces a mixture containing both the C- phosphorylated and O- phosphorylated compounds, while the solvent- free mechanically induced transformation results in the thermodynamically favorable C-phosphorylated product; the occurrence of the observed transformations during mechanical processing of solid reactants is confirmed by the solid-state P-31 NMR spectroscopy and X- ray powder diffraction. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Balema, VP (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 10 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 4 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2002 IS 7 BP 724 EP 725 DI 10.1039/b111515d PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 533WG UT WOS:000174552800027 PM 12119692 ER PT J AU Barkigia, KM Battioni, P Riou, V Mansuy, D Fajer, J AF Barkigia, KM Battioni, P Riou, V Mansuy, D Fajer, J TI Supramolecular self-assembly of a fluorinated Zn porphyrin. Molecular structure of a two-dimensional network of amine-functionalized, hexacoordinated Zn porphyrins SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID COORDINATION POLYMERS; CRYSTALS AB [5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(4-n-propylamino-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)porphyrinato]zinc(II) self-assembles into a two-dimensional supramolecular array in which each porphyrin is linked to four orthogonally-oriented chromophores. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Paris 05, UMR 8601, F-75270 Paris 06, France. RP Fajer, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 15 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2002 IS 9 BP 956 EP 957 DI 10.1039/b202513m PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 545ZH UT WOS:000175247100016 PM 12123066 ER PT J AU Hong, HL Zhang, HW Mays, JW Visser, AE Brazel, CS Holbrey, JD Reichert, WM Rogers, RD AF Hong, HL Zhang, HW Mays, JW Visser, AE Brazel, CS Holbrey, JD Reichert, WM Rogers, RD TI Conventional free radical polymerization in room temperature ionic liquids: a green approach to commodity polymers with practical advantages SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID MOLTEN-SALT; POLYPHENYLENE; EXTRACTION; CATALYSIS; CHLORIDE AB Free-radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate and styrene using conventional organic initiators in the room temperature ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([ C(4)mim][PF6]) is rapid and produces polymers with molecular weights up to 10x higher than from benzene; both polymerization and isolation of products were achieved without using VOCs, offering economic as well as environmental advantages. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Univ Alabama, Ctr Green Mfg, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Chem Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Mays, JW (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RI Brazel, Christopher/E-9085-2012; Rogers, Robin/C-8265-2013; OI Rogers, Robin/0000-0001-9843-7494; Holbrey, John/0000-0002-3084-8438 NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2002 IS 13 BP 1368 EP 1369 DI 10.1039/b204319j PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564FQ UT WOS:000176304700019 ER PT J AU Birnbaum, JC Busche, B Lin, YH Shaw, WJ Fryxell, GE AF Birnbaum, JC Busche, B Lin, YH Shaw, WJ Fryxell, GE TI Synthesis of carbamoylphosphonate silanes for the selective sequestration of actinides SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; MESOPOROUS SUPPORTS; FUNCTIONALIZED MONOLAYERS AB The synthesis of carbamoylphosphonate silanes (CMPO analogs) designed for sequestering actinide cations in self-assembled monolayers on mesoporous supports (SAMMS) is described. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Fryxell, GE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011 OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587 NR 11 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 19 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2002 IS 13 BP 1374 EP 1375 DI 10.1039/b200186c PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564FQ UT WOS:000176304700022 PM 12125562 ER PT J AU Harmjanz, M Scott, BL Burns, CJ AF Harmjanz, M Scott, BL Burns, CJ TI First rhenium complexes based on cyclotriphosphazene scaffolds with exocyclic pyrazolyl substituents SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY; PALLADIUM(II) CHLORIDE; PHOSPHAZENES; COORDINATION; BIS(PYRAZOLYL)CYCLOTRIPHOSPHAZENES AB Functionalized cyclotriphosphazenes with two or six pyrazolyl substituents have been employed for the preparation of rhenium carbonyl complexes; depending on the nature of the ligand system rhenium complexes with either gem-N-2, gem-N-3 or non-gem-N-3 coordination modes can be prepared. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Burns, CJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, MSJ514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017 OI Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396 NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2002 IS 13 BP 1386 EP 1387 DI 10.1039/b203254f PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564FQ UT WOS:000176304700028 ER PT J AU Balema, VP Wiench, JW Pruski, M Pecharsky, VK AF Balema, VP Wiench, JW Pruski, M Pecharsky, VK TI Solvent-free mechanochemical synthesis of two Pt complexes: cis-(Ph3P)(2)PtCl2 and cis-(Ph3P)(2)PtCO3 SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHINES; SPECTRA; SOLIDS AB Cis-(Ph3P)(2)PtCl2 and cis-(Ph3P)(2)PtCO3 were prepared mechanochemically from solid reactants in the absence of a solvent; cis-(Ph3P)(2)PtCl2 was obtained in 98% yield after ball-milling of polycrystalline PtCl2 and Ph3P; the mechanically induced solid-state reaction of cis-(Ph3P)(2)PtCl2 with an excess of anhydrous K2CO3 produced cis-((PhP)-P-3)(2)PtCO3 in 70% yield; the formation of transition metal complexes as a result of mechanochemical solvent-free reactions has been confirmed by means of solid-state P-31 MAS NMR spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and differential thermal analysis. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Balema, VP (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 20 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2002 IS 15 BP 1606 EP 1607 DI 10.1039/b203694k PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 571UY UT WOS:000176738600023 PM 12170804 ER PT J AU Liang, CD Weaver, MJ Dai, S AF Liang, CD Weaver, MJ Dai, S TI Change of pH indicator's pK(a) value via molecular imprinting SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-INORGANIC MATERIALS; SOL-GEL; BRIDGED POLYSILSESQUIOXANES; METAL-IONS; POLYMERS; RECOGNITION; ADSORPTION; MATRICES; SURFACE; FILMS AB The pK(a) value of the indicator is significantly changed up to several orders of magnitude by the imprinting synthesis; this fine-tuning of the reactivity for pH indicators via the imprinting synthesis may find novel applications in fabricating pH sensors with tailored pK(a) values. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Dai, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Liang, Chengdu/G-5685-2013; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2002 IS 15 BP 1620 EP 1621 DI 10.1039/b203496d PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 571UY UT WOS:000176738600030 PM 12170811 ER PT J AU Birnbaum, JC Li, X Yonker, CR Fryxell, GE Baskaran, S AF Birnbaum, JC Li, X Yonker, CR Fryxell, GE Baskaran, S TI Effect of solution chemistry and speciation on shelf-life of silica sols and characteristics of deposited mesoporous thin films SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article AB The effects of storage temperature and time on deposition characteristics of molecularly templated silica sols, used in synthesis of mesoporous silica films, were investigated by preparing acid catalysed water-ethanol-TEOS sols with surfactant and analysing by silicon-29 NMR spectroscopy over a period of multiple days, and by producing films after specific storage times corresponding to collection of NMR spectral data, and analysed for thickness and porosity. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, MSIN, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Birnbaum, JC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MSIN, K2-44,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2002 IS 19 BP 2270 EP 2271 DI 10.1039/b206091b PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 596XT UT WOS:000178192300040 PM 12398011 ER PT J AU Zhang, ZT Konduru, M Dai, S Overbury, SH AF Zhang, ZT Konduru, M Dai, S Overbury, SH TI Uniform formation of uranium oxide nanocrystals inside ordered mesoporous hosts and their potential applications as oxidative catalysts SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MOLECULAR-SIEVES; SILICA; DESTRUCTION; MECHANISM; AIR AB Highly dispersed uranium oxide nanocrystals supported on ordered mesoporous silica matrixes with large surface areas and porosities have been synthesized via a co-assembly methodology; the preliminary catalysis tests showed that these materials have a high catalytic activity for the thermal oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dai, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Overbury, Steven/C-5108-2016; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Overbury, Steven/0000-0002-5137-3961; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 19 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 30 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2002 IS 20 BP 2406 EP 2407 DI 10.1039/b204987b PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 603AR UT WOS:000178537100058 PM 12430463 ER PT J AU Muller, A Botar, B Bogge, H Kogerler, P Berkle, A AF Muller, A Botar, B Bogge, H Kogerler, P Berkle, A TI A potassium selective 'nanosponge' with well defined pores SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID HETEROPOLY BLUES; KEPLERATE; MOLYBDENUM; DISPOSITION; SPHERES; ANIONS AB The novel spherical cluster-compound K2Na6[K(20)subset ofMo(80)-V22O282(SO4)(12)(H2O)(66)]. approximate to 14OH(2)O1 has been obtained in a 'one-pot' reaction and exhibits several remarkable structural features: 30 open shell centers, i.e. 8 Mo-V and 22 V-IV spanning an icosidodecahedron, the incorporation of 20 K+ cations capping 20 appropriate {M6O6} pores/rings present at the surface of the spherical cluster-anion, and an encapsulated aggregate of water molecules. C1 Univ Bielefeld, Fak Chem, Lehrstuhl Anorgan Chem 1, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50014 USA. RP Muller, A (reprint author), Univ Bielefeld, Fak Chem, Lehrstuhl Anorgan Chem 1, Postfach 100131, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany. RI Kogerler, Paul/H-5866-2013; OI Kogerler, Paul/0000-0001-7831-3953; Muller, Achim/0000-0003-0117-4021 NR 15 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2002 IS 24 BP 2944 EP 2945 DI 10.1039/b210523n PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 620UF UT WOS:000179550300004 PM 12536758 ER PT J AU Goh, SL Francis, MB Frechet, JMJ AF Goh, SL Francis, MB Frechet, JMJ TI Self-assembled oligonucleotide-polyester dendrimers SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CONVERGENT AB A new approach to the controlled synthesis of multicomponent dendrimers is presented, in which three oligonucleotide-dendron conjugates were synthesized using solid phase techniques and hybridized to create a second generation polyester dendrimer with DNA as a core and bearing two types of peripheral functional groups. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Labs, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Frechet, JMJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM frechet@cchem.berkeley.edu OI Frechet, Jean /0000-0001-6419-0163 NR 14 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2002 IS 24 BP 2954 EP 2955 DI 10.1039/b209029e PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 620UF UT WOS:000179550300009 PM 12536763 ER PT J AU Nurco, DJ Smith, KM Fajer, J AF Nurco, DJ Smith, KM Fajer, J TI Conformational landscape surfing induced by off-on pi-pi stacking in a porphyrin-quinone dyad SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC REACTION-CENTER; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; NONPLANAR PORPHYRINS; RESOLUTION; PROTEIN; REDUCTION; ANGSTROM; BIOLOGY AB A covalently linked porphyrin-quinone dyad crystallizes with two orientations of the quinone, extended away from (off) and cofacial with the porphyrin macrocycle (on), which induce different conformations of the macrocycle and model the recently proposed structural effect of a nearby residue on the heme prosthetic group of a nitric oxide synthase. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Nurco, DJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM djnurco@ucdavis.edu; kmsmith@lsu.edu; fajerj@bnl.gov RI Smith, Kevin/G-1453-2011 OI Smith, Kevin/0000-0002-6736-4779 NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2002 IS 24 BP 2982 EP 2983 DI 10.1039/b209238g PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 620UF UT WOS:000179550300023 PM 12536777 ER PT J AU Rao, RR Mondy, LA Baer, TA Altobelli, SA Stephens, TS AF Rao, RR Mondy, LA Baer, TA Altobelli, SA Stephens, TS TI NMR measurements and simulations of particle migration in non-Newtonian fluids SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE suspension; shear-thinning; non-Newtonian; finite element model; NMR imaging ID CONCENTRATED SUSPENSIONS; CONSTITUTIVE EQUATION; RIGID SPHERES; FLOW AB Shear-induced migration of particles is studied during the slow flow of suspensions of neutrally buoyant spheres. at 50% particle volume fraction, in an inelastic but shear-thinning, suspending fluid. The suspension is flowing in between a rotating inner cylinder and a stationary outer cylinder. The conditions are such that nonhydrodynamic effects are negligible. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging demonstrates that the movement of particles away from the high shear rate region is more pronounced than for a Newtonian suspending liquid. We test a continuum constitutive model for the evolution of particle concentration in a flowing suspension proposed by Phillips et al., but extended to shear-thinning, suspending fluids. The fluid constitutive equation is Carreau-like in its shear-thinning behavior but also varies with the local particle concentration. The model captures many of the trends found in the experimental data, but does not yet agree quantitatively. In fact, quantitative agreement with a diffusive flux constitutive equation would be impossible without the addition of another fitting parameter that may depend on the shear-thinning nature of the suspending fluid. Because of this, we feel that the Phillips model may be fundamentally inadequate for simulating flows of particles in non-Newtonian suspending fluids without the introduction of a normal stress correction or other augmenting terms. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. New Mexico Resonance, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, ESA WMM, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rao, RR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Stephens, Thomas/D-9512-2012 NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0098-6445 J9 CHEM ENG COMMUN JI Chem. Eng. Commun. PY 2002 VL 189 IS 1 BP 1 EP 22 DI 10.1080/00986440211827 PG 22 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 558VR UT WOS:000175988100001 ER PT J AU Greene, GA Finfrock, CC AF Greene, GA Finfrock, CC TI Vaporization of elemental mercury from molten lead at low concentrations SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE mercury; lead; vaporization; oxidation; source term AB Experiments were conducted to measure the rate of vaporization of elemental mercury from molten lead to provide a basis for estimating radiological source terms for the APT (Accelerator Production of Tritium project) lead blanket. These data also have application to other accelerator targets in which mercury may be created by proton spallation in lead. Molten pools of lead with from 0.01% to 0.10% mercury were prepared under inert conditions. Experiments were conducted which varied in duration from several hours to as long as a month to measure the mercury vaporization from the lead pools. The melt pools and gas atmospheres were controlled at 340degreesC during the tests, above the melting temperature of lead. Parameters which were varied in the tests included the mercury concentrations, gas flow rates over the melt, circulation in the melts, gas atmosphere compositions and the addition of aluminum to the melts. The vaporization of mercury was found to scale roughly linearly with the concentration of mercury in the pool. Variations in the gas flow rates were not found to have any effect on the mass transfer, however circulation of the melt by a submerged stirrer did enhance the mercury vaporization rate. The rate of mercury vaporization under a high-purity argon atmosphere was found to exceed that for an air atmosphere by as much as a factor of from ten to 20; the causal factor in this variation was the formation of an oxide layer over the melt pool with the air atmosphere which retarded mass transfer across the melt-atmosphere interface. Aluminum was introduced into the melt to investigate its effect upon the mercury vaporization rate. No effect was observed for a case under a high-purity argon atmosphere, which suggests that there are no chemical effects of the aluminum on the vaporization kinetics. With an air atmosphere, the presence of aluminum in the melt reduced the mercury vaporization by a factor of six in comparison to the identical test but without aluminum, suggesting that aluminum in the lead/mercury melt retards the vaporization of mercury by creating a surface oxide layer in addition to the lead-oxide layer or by changing the character of the lead-oxide layer, thereby increasing the mass transfer resistance. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Greene, GA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 703, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0098-6445 J9 CHEM ENG COMMUN JI Chem. Eng. Commun. PY 2002 VL 189 IS 3 BP 391 EP 409 DI 10.1080/00986440212084 PG 19 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 558VU UT WOS:000175988300008 ER PT J AU Zazubovich, V Matsuzaki, S Johnson, TW Hayes, JM Chitnis, PR Small, GJ AF Zazubovich, V Matsuzaki, S Johnson, TW Hayes, JM Chitnis, PR Small, GJ TI Red antenna states of photosystem I from cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus: a spectral hole burning study SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SYNECHOCYSTIS SP PCC-6803; HIGH-PRESSURE; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; CHARGE SEPARATION; REACTION CENTERS; ENERGY-TRANSFER; BURNED SPECTRA; DONOR STATE AB The existence of at least three low-energy chlorophyll a (Ch1 a) antenna states is shown for photosystem I (PS I) of Synechococcus elongatus by the use of nonphotochemical hole burning (NPHB) spectroscopy. In addition to the previously reported states at 708 and 719 run, it is demonstrated that there is a third state at 715 nm. The responsible Ch1 a molecules are referred to as C-708, C-715 and C-719. For both Synechococcus and Synechocystis, the lowest energy state is shown to be characterized by strong electron-phonon coupling (large Huang-Rhys factor S), large permanent dipole moment change (f (.) Deltamu), and large linear pressure shift rates attributable to electron exchange of dimeric Ch1 a. The lowest energy state of Synechocystis is at 714 run. The properties of the 714 and 719 nm states are very similar, suggesting that their dimer structures are also similar. Although the other red antenna states of these cyanobacteria have smaller values for S, f (.) Deltamu, and linear pressure shift rate, these are still larger than typically measured for monomeric antenna Ch1 a. Possible assignments of red absorption bands to particular chlorophyll dimers or trimer are discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Biochem Biophys & Mol Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Small, GJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 36 TC 77 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 275 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 47 EP 59 DI 10.1016/S0301-0104(01)00535-3 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 511GV UT WOS:000173257000005 ER PT J AU Yang, MN Fleming, GR AF Yang, MN Fleming, GR TI Influence of phonons on exciton transfer dynamics: comparison of the Redfield, Forster, and modified Redfield equations SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC ANTENNA COMPLEXES; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; ENERGY-TRANSFER; EXCITATION TRANSFER; QUANTUM DYNAMICS; RELAXATION DYNAMICS; CONDENSED PHASES; SYSTEMS; MOTION; SIMULATION AB The effect of the reorganization of phonons on exciton transfer dynamics is examined. Starting from a general quantum master equation, we obtain population transfer rates for the Redfield, the Forster, and the modified Redfield equations and compare the predictions of these three models over various ranges of parameters. It is shown that the validity of the traditional Redfield equation is justified by a broad spectrum of phonons rather than a small magnitude of electron-phonon coupling strength as is usually implied. The modified Redfield equation suggested by Zhang et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 108 (1998) 7763] is shown to have a wide range of applicability and to reduce numerically to the traditional Redfield equation and the Forster equation in the respective limiting cases. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fleming, GR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Yang, Mino/0000-0001-9504-0280 NR 45 TC 139 Z9 145 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 275 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 355 EP 372 DI 10.1016/S0301-0104(01)00540-7 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 511GV UT WOS:000173257000024 ER PT S AU Mukundan, R Brosha, EL Garzon, FH AF Mukundan, R Brosha, EL Garzon, FH BE Kale, GM Akbar, SA Liu, M TI Solid-state electrochemical sensors for automotive applications SO CHEMICAL SENSORS FOR HOSTILE ENVIRONMENTS SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Chemical Sensors for Hostile Environments CY APR 22-25, 2001 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc, Engn Ceram Div, Natl Inst Ceram Engineers, Amer Ceram Soc, Basic Sci Div ID STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; OXIDE ELECTRODE AB Several types of electrochemical sensors have been studied for application in an automobile. The most prevalent amongst these is the zirconia oxygen sensor, which is also known as the lambda-sensor or Exhaust Gas Oxygen (EGO) sensor. This sensor is used to monitor the oxygen partial pressure in the exhaust, which in turn is utilized to control the air/fuel ratio to the engine. Currently, two such oxygen sensors are being used to determine the "state-of-health" of the catalyst. One sensor is placed upstream of the catalyst and another downstream, and the catalyst efficiency is indirectly monitored by measuring its' oxygen storage capacity. However such a system has several disadvantages and works only when the engine is operated around stoichiometry. There is increasing interest in developing a hydrocarbon sensor that can be used directly to measure the amount of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) in the exhaust stream. The results of a newly developed mixed-potential sensor using platinum (Pt) and La0.8Sr0.2CrO3-oxide (LSCO) electrodes on a 8m% yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte are presented and its potential application as an automotive NMHC sensor is discussed. This sensor has a response of 40 mV to 500 ppm of propylene at 773K in 1%O-2 while the response to the same amount of CO is only 2 mV. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mukundan, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D429,SM 40,TA 3,MST 11, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-138-2 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2002 VL 130 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BW35X UT WOS:000181695800001 ER PT B AU Watson, JS AF Watson, JS BE Choppin, GR Khankhasayev, MK Plendl, HS TI Chemical separations in nuclear waste management - The state of the art and a look to the future - Introduction SO CHEMICAL SEPARATIONS IN NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT: THE STATE OF THE ART AND A LOOK TO THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Technologies for Nuclear Separations CY SEP 11, 2000 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Watson, JS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-121-3 PY 2002 BP XIII EP XIX PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BT80G UT WOS:000174089100001 ER PT B AU Fryberger, T AF Fryberger, T BE Choppin, GR Khankhasayev, MK Plendl, HS TI The environmental legacy of the Cold War: Site cleanup in the United States SO CHEMICAL SEPARATIONS IN NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT: THE STATE OF THE ART AND A LOOK TO THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Technologies for Nuclear Separations CY SEP 11, 2000 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC AB Fifty years of nuclear technology and weapons development have produced an enormous environmental legacy in the United States. Nuclear technology contributed greatly to U.S. national security during the Cold War. The treatment of chemical and radioactive wastes and their impacts on the environment were of secondary concern to the production of nuclear weapons. Weapons production has left the U.S. with contaminated soil, surface water, and ground water, as well as large volumes of radioactive and chemical wastes, many of which are unique. No other industry or government activity has ever created wastes or environmental contamination of this nature [1,2]. Separation science and technology are critical to the weapons complex cleanup. Although progress has been made in both the science and technology regarding the cleanup over the last decade, a great deal remains to be done. Separation needs and challenges for two DOE waste types, high-level tank wastes at Hanford and dilute aqueous waste, will be discussed in this chapter. C1 US DOE, Environm Management Ctr, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Fryberger, T (reprint author), US DOE, Environm Management Ctr, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-121-3 PY 2002 BP 17 EP 28 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BT80G UT WOS:000174089100003 ER PT J AU Littrell, KC Khalili, NR Campbell, M Sandi, G Thiyagarajan, P AF Littrell, KC Khalili, NR Campbell, M Sandi, G Thiyagarajan, P TI Microstructural analysis of activated carbons prepared from paper mill sludge by SANS and BET SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; CHEMICAL ACTIVATION; SURFACE-AREA; POROSITY; TEXTURE; STEAM; COAL AB Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and N-2-BET analysis were used to characterize the microstructure of a series of activated carbons produced from paper mill sludge using ZnCl2. N-2-BET and SANS data indicate that the micro- and mesoporous surface areas of the carbons increase with the concentration of ZnCl2 used in their preparation. Contrast variation SANS studies demonstrate the existence of two different phases, a zinc-rich particle phase and a bulk carbon phase with nanopores. Both phases are largely accessible to the solvent. The size and morphology of the pores and inclusions were determined from the SANS data. The pores are found to be roughly rodlike. The radii and volumes of the pores increase with increasing the amount of activating agent (ZnCl2) used for the production of the carbons. On the basis of SANS results, we propose a conceptual model describing structural characteristics of the produced carbons. C1 IIT, Dept Environm Chem & Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Khalili, NR (reprint author), IIT, Dept Environm Chem & Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RI Littrell, Kenneth/D-2106-2013 OI Littrell, Kenneth/0000-0003-2308-8618 NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 14 IS 1 BP 327 EP 333 DI 10.1021/cm010653u PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 514UK UT WOS:000173459300053 ER PT J AU Tischendorf, BC Harris, DJ Otaigbe, JU Alam, TM AF Tischendorf, BC Harris, DJ Otaigbe, JU Alam, TM TI Investigation of structure and morphology dynamics in tin fluorophosphate glass - Polyethylene hybrids using solid-state H-1, C-13, and P-31 MAS NMR SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHATE-GLASSES; RANGE; PHASE; COMPOSITES; PE AB The variations in morphology and local structure in a series of tin fluorophosphate glass-polyethylene (TFPPE) hybrids were investigated using solid-state H-1, C-13, and P-31 MAS NMR. The combination of direct polarization C-13 MAS NMR experiments with various delay times and carbon spin-lattice relaxation filtered cross-polarized MAS NMR experiments allowed quantification of the monoclinic, orthorhombic, amorphous, and intermediate phases in the low-density polyethylene (LDPE) component of the TFPPE hybrids. These C-13 MAS NMR results showed an increase in the crystallinity with the addition of tin fluorophosphate (TFP) glass into the hybrids. The P-31 MAS NMR spectra reveal major changes in the local structure of the TFP glass component, with several new phosphorus species being formed during the production of the hybrid. The results of the H-1-C-13 and H-1-P-31 2D wide line spectroscopy experiments demonstrate that all of these new phosphorus species are spatially correlated with the two new proton species that appear in the H-1 MAS NMR of the TFPPE hybrids. There is no evidence of correlation between these new phosphorus species and the methylene protons of the LDPE polymer component. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Organ Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Alam, TM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Organ Mat, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 14 IS 1 BP 341 EP 347 DI 10.1021/cm010670j PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 514UK UT WOS:000173459300055 ER PT J AU Radtke, CW Gianotto, D Roberto, FF AF Radtke, CW Gianotto, D Roberto, FF TI Effects of particulate explosives on estimating contamination at a historical explosives testing area SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE sampling; heterogeneity; fragments; particle; TNT ID SOIL; TNT; WATER AB A historical explosives testing area harbored contamination as unevenly distributed solid particles within a contaminant-stained soil matrix. Particles larger than 3 mm diameter accounted for 96.4% of the explosives contamination. Independent sampling and analysis methods showed significant differences in contaminant estimations due to particulate explosives. We present a solvent-based sample averaging method designed to solve spatial heterogeneity problems resulting from the presence of contaminant particles. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Dept Biotechnol, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Radtke, CW (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Dept Biotechnol, POB 1625,MS 2203, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JAN PY 2002 VL 46 IS 1 BP 3 EP 9 DI 10.1016/S0045-6535(01)00107-2 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 511GY UT WOS:000173257300001 PM 11806529 ER PT J AU Christian, AT Pattee, MS Marchetti, F AF Christian, AT Pattee, MS Marchetti, F TI Meiotic chromosomes as templates for microdissection SO CHROMOSOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE chromosome; FISH; meiosis; microdissection; mouse ID PAINTING PROBES AB As templates for chromosome microdissection, meiotic cells offer several advantages over mitotic cells. The pairing of homologous chromosomes at the metaphase plate of the first meiotic division allows the simultaneous isolation of two copies of the same chromosome, and the sex chromosomes are easy to identify in male meiotic cells. We report on a method for making fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) probes from dissected meiotic chromosomes. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Christian, AT (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, POB 808,L-452, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. OI Marchetti, Francesco/0000-0002-9435-4867 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA55861]; NIEHS NIH HHS [Y01-ES-8016-5] NR 7 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0967-3849 J9 CHROMOSOME RES JI Chromosome Res. PY 2002 VL 10 IS 1 BP 45 EP 48 DI 10.1023/A:1014266010522 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 521NJ UT WOS:000173846800005 PM 11863069 ER PT S AU Smith, MS Hix, WR Parete-Koon, S Dessieux, L Guidry, MW Bardayan, DW Starrfield, S Smith, DL Mezzacappa, A AF Smith, MS Hix, WR Parete-Koon, S Dessieux, L Guidry, MW Bardayan, DW Starrfield, S Smith, DL Mezzacappa, A BE Hernanz, M Jose, J TI Nova nucleosynthesis calculations: Robust uncertainties, sensitivities, and radioactive ion beam measurements SO CLASSICAL NOVA EXPLOSIONS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Classical Nova Explosions CY MAY 20-24, 2002 CL SITGES, SPAIN SP Inst Space Res Catalonia, Natl Res Council Spain, Polytech Univ Catalonia, Spanish Minist Sci & Technol, Dept Univ & Res, Generalitat Catalunya ID POSITRON-ANNIHILATION; NE-18; F-17(P,GAMMA)NE-18; EMISSION AB We examine the quantitative impact of nuclear physics uncertainties on predictions of nova models via Monte Carlo simulations wherein, for the first time, the uncertainties of all relevant nuclear reactions are considered simultaneously. We determine uncertainties in predictions of isotope synthesis - including radioisotopes which may be observable tracers of novae - resulting from uncertainties in the input nuclear physics. We also detail the reaction rate sensitivity of radioisotope production, and discuss reactions which need further study, Finally, we examine the influence on nova nucleosynthesis of two new reaction rates - F-17(p,gamma) Ne-18 and O-14(alpha,2p) O-16 that were studied in recent ORNL measurements with radioactive ion beams. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Smith, MS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Hix, William/E-7896-2011; Mezzacappa, Anthony/B-3163-2017 OI Hix, William/0000-0002-9481-9126; Mezzacappa, Anthony/0000-0001-9816-9741 NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0092-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 637 BP 161 EP 166 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BV52R UT WOS:000179251300026 ER PT S AU Bardayan, DW Batchelder, JC Blackmon, JC Champagne, AE Davinson, T Fitzgerald, R Hix, WR Iliadis, C Kozub, RL Ma, Z Parete-Koon, S Parker, PD Shu, N Smith, MS Woods, PJ AF Bardayan, DW Batchelder, JC Blackmon, JC Champagne, AE Davinson, T Fitzgerald, R Hix, WR Iliadis, C Kozub, RL Ma, Z Parete-Koon, S Parker, PD Shu, N Smith, MS Woods, PJ BE Hernanz, M Jose, J TI Study of the F-18(p,alpha)O-15 reaction at energies relevant for F-18 nucleosynthesis in novae SO CLASSICAL NOVA EXPLOSIONS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Classical Nova Explosions CY MAY 20-24, 2002 CL SITGES, SPAIN SP Inst Space Res Catalonia, Natl Res Council Spain, Polytech Univ Catalonia, Spanish Minist Sci & Technol, Dept Univ & Res, Generalitat Catalunya ID POSITRON-ANNIHILATION; WHITE-DWARFS AB Production of the radioisotope F-18 in novae is severely constrained by the rate of the F-18(p,alpha)O-15 reaction. A resonance at E-c.m. = 330 keV may strongly enhance the F-18(p,alpha)O-15 reaction rate, but its strength has been very uncertain. We have determined the strength of this important resonance by measuring the F-18(p,alpha)O-15 cross section on- and off- resonance using a radioactive F-18 beam at the ORNL Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility. We find that its resonance strength is 1.48 +/- 0.46 eV, and that it dominates the F-18(p,alpha)O-15 reaction rate over a wide range of temperatures characteristic of novae. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bardayan, DW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Hix, William/E-7896-2011 OI Hix, William/0000-0002-9481-9126 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0092-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 637 BP 425 EP 429 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BV52R UT WOS:000179251300072 ER PT S AU Makote, RD Luo, HM Dai, S AF Makote, RD Luo, HM Dai, S BE Abraham, MA Moens, L TI Synthesis of ionic liquid and silica composites doped with dicyclohexyl-18-crown-6 for sequestration of metal ions SO CLEAN SOLVENTS: ALTERNATIVE MEDIA FOR CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND PROCESSING SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Clean Solvents held at the National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Chem Soc ID GEL; EXTRACTION; MEMBRANES; SOLVENTS; LECTURE AB A monolithic composite glass material that contains an ionic liquid, dicyclohexyl-18-crown-6, and sol-gel silica glass was synthesized and characterized. The selective extraction of Sr2+ by this solid-state sorbent from aqueous solutions was demonstrated. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Makote, RD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3779-4 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2002 VL 819 BP 26 EP 33 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BU99E UT WOS:000177565400003 ER PT J AU Davey, MK Huddleston, M Sperber, KR Braconnot, P Bryan, F Chen, D Colman, RA Cooper, C Cubasch, U Delecluse, P DeWitt, D Fairhead, L Flato, G Gordon, C Hogan, T Ji, M Kimoto, M Kitoh, A Knutson, TR Latif, M Le Treut, H Li, T Manabe, S Mechoso, CR Meehl, GA Power, SB Roeckner, E Terray, L Vintzileos, A Voss, R Wang, B Washington, WM Yoshikawa, I Yu, JY Yukimoto, S Zebiak, SE AF Davey, MK Huddleston, M Sperber, KR Braconnot, P Bryan, F Chen, D Colman, RA Cooper, C Cubasch, U Delecluse, P DeWitt, D Fairhead, L Flato, G Gordon, C Hogan, T Ji, M Kimoto, M Kitoh, A Knutson, TR Latif, M Le Treut, H Li, T Manabe, S Mechoso, CR Meehl, GA Power, SB Roeckner, E Terray, L Vintzileos, A Voss, R Wang, B Washington, WM Yoshikawa, I Yu, JY Yukimoto, S Zebiak, SE TI STOIC: a study of coupled model climatology and variability in tropical ocean regions SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EL-NINO; ATMOSPHERE MODEL; SEASONAL CYCLE; PACIFIC-OCEAN; ENSO SIGNAL; GCM; ATLANTIC AB We describe the behaviour of 23 dynamical ocean-atmosphere models, in the context of comparison with observations in a common framework. Fields of tropical sea surface temperature (SST), surface wind stress and upper ocean vertically averaged temperature (VAT) are assessed with regard to annual mean, seasonal cycle, and interannual variability characteristics. Of the participating models, 21 are coupled GCMs. of which 13 use no form of flux adjustment in the tropics. The models vary widely in design, components and purpose: nevertheless several common features are apparent. In most models without flux adjustment, the annual mean equatorial SST in the central Pacific is too cool and the Atlantic zonal SST gradient has the wrong sign. Annual mean wind stress is often too weak in the central Pacific and in the Atlantic, but too strong in the west Pacific. Few models have an upper ocean VAT seasonal cycle like that observed in the equatorial Pacific. Interannual variability is commonly too weak in the models: in particular, wind stress variability is low in the equatorial Pacific. Most models have difficulty in reproducing the observed Pacific 'horseshoe' pattern of negative SST correlations with interannual Nino3 SST anomalies, or the observed Indian-Pacific lag correlations. The results for the fields examined indicate that several substantial model improvements are needed, particularly with regard to surface wind stress. C1 Meteorol Off, Bracknell RG12 2SZ, Berks, England. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, PCMDI, Livermore, CA USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. Bur Meteorol Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum, Hamburg, Germany. LODYC, ISPL, Paris, France. Meteorol Dynam Lab, Paris, France. Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Victoria, BC, Canada. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. Ctr Clim Syst Res, Tokyo, Japan. Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. Earth Frontier Res Syst, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. CERFACS, F-31057 Toulouse, France. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Japan Meteorol Agcy, Tokyo, Japan. RP Davey, MK (reprint author), Meteorol Off, London Rd, Bracknell RG12 2SZ, Berks, England. RI Yu, Jin-Yi/G-3413-2011; kimoto, masahide/P-9077-2014; Sperber, Kenneth/H-2333-2012; Flato, Gregory/K-6711-2015; Latif, Mojib/C-2428-2016; Chen, Dake/E-7082-2011; Bryan, Frank/I-1309-2016; Terray, Laurent/B-8056-2008 OI Yu, Jin-Yi/0000-0001-6156-7623; Latif, Mojib/0000-0003-1079-5604; Bryan, Frank/0000-0003-1672-8330; Terray, Laurent/0000-0001-5512-7074 NR 47 TC 221 Z9 228 U1 3 U2 22 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 18 IS 5 BP 403 EP 420 DI 10.1007/s00382-001-0188-6 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 528GN UT WOS:000174236200004 ER PT J AU Siekmann, L Bonora, R Burtis, CA Ceriotti, F Clerc-Renaud, P Ferard, G Ferrero, CA Forest, JC Franck, PFH Gella, FJ Hoelzel, W Jorgensen, PJ Kanno, T Kessner, A Klauke, R Kristiansen, N Lessinger, JM Linsinger, TPJ Misaki, H Mueller, MM Panteghini, M Pauwels, J Schiele, F Schimmel, HG Vialle, A Weidemann, G Schumann, G AF Siekmann, L Bonora, R Burtis, CA Ceriotti, F Clerc-Renaud, P Ferard, G Ferrero, CA Forest, JC Franck, PFH Gella, FJ Hoelzel, W Jorgensen, PJ Kanno, T Kessner, A Klauke, R Kristiansen, N Lessinger, JM Linsinger, TPJ Misaki, H Mueller, MM Panteghini, M Pauwels, J Schiele, F Schimmel, HG Vialle, A Weidemann, G Schumann, G CA Int Federation Clin Chem Lab Med TI IFCC primary reference procedures for the measurement of catalytic activity concentrations of enzymes at 37 degrees C. Part 1. The concept of reference procedures for the measurement of catalytic activity concentrations of enzymes SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE IFCC reference procedures; enzymes; reference system; reference network; reference materials ID APPROVED RECOMMENDATION 1985; 2-OXOGLUTARATE AMINOTRANSFERASE AB This paper is the first in a series dealing with reference procedures for the measurement of catalytic activity concentrations of enzymes at 37degreesC and with the certification of reference preparations. Other parts deal with: Part 2. Reference Procedure for the Measurement of Catalytic Concentration of Creatine Kinase; Part 3. Reference Procedure for the Measurement of Catalytic Concentration of Lactate Dehydrogenase; Part 4. Reference Procedure for the Measurement of Catalytic Concentration of Alanine Aminotransferase; Part 5. Reference Procedure for the Measurement of Catalytic Concentration of Aspartate Aminotransferase; Part 6. Reference Procedure for the Measurement of Catalytic Concentration of gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Part 7. Certification of Four Reference Materials for the Determination of Enzymatic Activity of gamma-Glutamyltransferase, Lactate Dehydrogenase, Alanine Aminotransferase and Creatine Kinase at 37degreesC. A document describing the determination of preliminary reference values is also in preparation. C1 Univ Bonn, Inst Klin Biochem, D-53127 Bonn, Germany. Azienda Osped Spedali Civili, Clin Chem Lab 1, Brescia, Italy. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Hlth Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Ist Sci HS Raffaele, Lab Standardizzaz, Milan, Italy. Hop Debrousse, Lab Biochim Pediat, Lyon, France. Univ Strasbourg 1, Fac Pharm, Lab Biochim Appl, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. Hop St Francois Assise, Serv Biochem, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. Leyenburg Hosp, Dept Clin Chem, The Hague, Netherlands. BioSyst SA, Barcelona, Spain. Roche Diagnost GmbH, Tutzing, Germany. Odense Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Chem, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark. Hamamatsu Univ Sch Med, Dept Lab Med, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan. Beckman Coulter Inc, Brea, CA USA. Hannover Med Sch, Hannover, Germany. Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, Geel, Belgium. Asahi Kasei Corp, Fine Chem & Diagnost Div, Tokyo, Japan. Kaiser Franz Josef Hosp, Dept Lab Diagnost, Vienna, Austria. Ctr Med Prevent, Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. Klinikum Stadt Nurnberg, Inst Klin Chem & Lab Med, Nurnberg, Germany. RP Siekmann, L (reprint author), Univ Bonn, Inst Klin Biochem, Siegmund Freud Str 25, D-53127 Bonn, Germany. EM Lothar.Siekmann@ukb.uni-bonn.de NR 11 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 5 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1434-6621 J9 CLIN CHEM LAB MED JI Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. PY 2002 VL 40 IS 6 BP 631 EP 634 DI 10.1515/CCLM.2002.109 PG 4 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 568YF UT WOS:000176572000017 PM 12211661 ER PT J AU Siekmann, L Bonora, R Burtis, CA Ceriotti, F Clerc-Renaud, P Ferard, G Ferrero, CA Forest, JC Franck, PFH Gella, FJ Hoelzel, W Jorgensen, PJ Kanno, T Kessner, A Klauke, R Kristiansen, N Lessinger, JM Linsinger, TPJ Misaki, H AF Siekmann, L Bonora, R Burtis, CA Ceriotti, F Clerc-Renaud, P Ferard, G Ferrero, CA Forest, JC Franck, PFH Gella, FJ Hoelzel, W Jorgensen, PJ Kanno, T Kessner, A Klauke, R Kristiansen, N Lessinger, JM Linsinger, TPJ Misaki, H CA IFCC TI IFCC primary reference procedures for the measurement of catalytic activity concentrations of enzymes at 37 degrees C. Part 7. Certification of four reference materials for the determination of enzymatic activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase and creatine kinase according to IFCC reference procedures at 37 degrees C SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CRM 319 AB This paper is the seventh in a series dealing with reference procedures for the measurement of catalytic activity concentrations of enzymes at 37degreesC and the certification of reference preparations. Other parts deal with: Part 1. The Concept of Reference Procedures for the Measurement of Catalytic Activity Concentrations of Enzymes; Part 2. Reference Procedure for the Measurement of Catalytic Concentration of Creatine Kinase; Part 3. Reference Procedure for the Measurement of Catalytic Concentration of Lactate Dehydrogenase; Part 4. Reference Procedure for the Measurement of Catalytic Concentration of Alanine Aminotransferase; Part 5. Reference Procedure for the Measurement of Catalytic Concentration of Aspartate Aminotransferase; Part 6. Reference Procedure for the Measurement of Catalytic Concentration of gamma-Glutamyltransferase. A document describing the determination of preliminary reference values is also in preparation. The certification of the catalytic activity concentrations as determined by the recently elaborated IFCC primary reference methods at 37degreesC of four enzyme preparations, namely IRMM/IFCC 452 (gamma-glutamyltransferase), IRMM/IFCC 453 (lactate dehydrogenase 1), IRMM/IFCC 454 (alanine aminotransferase) and IRMM/IFCC 455 (creatine kinase) is described. Homogeneity data were derived from previous results. Stability was assessed using recently obtained data as well as data from previous stability studies. The collaborative study for value assignment was performed under a strict quality control scheme to ensure traceability to the primary reference method. Uncertainty of the materials was assessed in compliance with the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement. The certified values obtained at 37degreesC are 1.90 mukat/l +/- 0.04 mukat/l (114.1 U/l +/- 2.4 U/l), for gamma-glutamyltransferase, 8.37 mukat/l +/- 0.12 mukat/l (502 U/l +/- 7 U/l), for lactate dehydrogenase 1, 3.09 mukat/l +/- 0.07 mukat/l (186 U/l +/- 4 U/l), for alanine aminotransferase and 1.68 mukat/l +/- kat/l (101 U/l +/- U/l), for creatine kinase. The materials are intended for internal quality control as well as for the evaluation of test systems as required by recent European Union legislation. Furthermore, the materials can be used to transfer accuracy from a reference method to a routine procedure provided the procedures exhibit the same analytical specificity and the certified materials are commutable. C1 Univ Bonn, Inst Klin Biochem, D-53127 Bonn, Germany. Azienda Osped Spedali Civili, Clin Chem Lab 1, Brescia, Italy. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Hlth Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Ist Sci HS Raffaele, Lab Standardizzaz, Milan, Italy. Hop Debrousse, Lab Biochim Pediat, Lyon, France. Univ Strasbourg 1, Fac Pharm, Lab Biochim Appl, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. Hosp St Francois DAssise, Serv Biochem, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. Leyenburg Hosp, Dept Clin Chem, The Hague, Netherlands. BioSyst SA, Barcelona, Spain. Roche Diagnost GmbH, Tutzing, Germany. Odense Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Chem, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark. Hamamatsu Univ Sch Med, Dept Lab Med, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan. Beckman Coulter Inc, Brea, CA USA. Hannover Med Sch, Hannover, Germany. Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, Geel, Belgium. Asahi Kasei Corp, Fine Chem & Diagnost Div, Tokyo, Japan. Kaiser Franz Josef Hosp, Dept Lab Diagnost, Vienna, Austria. Ctr Med Prevent, Vandeuvre Les Nancy, France. Klinikum Stadt Nurnberg, Inst Klin Chem & Lab Med, Nurnberg, Germany. RP Siekmann, L (reprint author), Univ Bonn, Inst Klin Biochem, Siegmund Freud Str 25, D-53127 Bonn, Germany. NR 23 TC 23 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1434-6621 J9 CLIN CHEM LAB MED JI Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. PY 2002 VL 40 IS 7 BP 739 EP 745 DI 10.1515/CCLM.2002.127 PG 7 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 577BW UT WOS:000177042700016 PM 12241024 ER PT S AU Sutherland, JC AF Sutherland, JC BE Cohn, GE TI Simultaneous measurement of circular dichroism and fluorescence polarization anisotropy SO CLINICAL DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEMS: TECHNOLOGIES AND INSTRUMENTATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Clinical Diagnostic Systems CY JAN 22-24, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE circular dichroism; fluorescence polarization anisotropy; ultraviolet absorption spectra; photoelastic modulator; stopped flow kinetics AB Circular dichroism and fluorescence polarization anisotropy are important tools for characterizing biomolecular systems. Both are used extensively in kinetic experiments involving stopped- or continuous flow systems as well as titrations and steady-state spectroscopy. This paper presents the theory for determining circular dichroism and fluorescence polarization anisotropy simultaneously, thus insuring the two parameters are recorded under exactly the same conditions and at exactly the same time in kinetic experiments. The approach to measuring circular dichroism-is that used in almost all conventional dichrographs. Two arrangements for measuring fluorescence polarization anisotropy are described. One uses a single fluorescence detector and signal processing with a lock-in amplifier that is similar to the measurement of circular dichroism. The second approach uses classic "T" format detection optics, and thus can be used with conventional photon-counting detection electronics. Simple extensions permit the simultaneous measurement of the absorption and excitation intensity corrected fluorescence intensity. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sutherland, JC (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4364-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4625 BP 126 EP 136 DI 10.1117/12.469782 PG 11 WC Cell Biology; Engineering, Biomedical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Cell Biology; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BU92T UT WOS:000177419100014 ER PT J AU Hsiung, LM Lassila, DH AF Hsiung, LM Lassila, DH TI Initial dislocation structure and dynamic dislocation multiplication in Mo single crystals SO CMES-COMPUTER MODELING IN ENGINEERING & SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB Initial dislocation structures in as-annealed high-purity Mo single crystals, and deformation substructures of the crystals compressed at room temperature under different strain rates have been examined and studied in order to elucidate the physical mechanisms of dislocation multiplication and motion in the early stages of plastic deformation. The initial dislocation density was measured to be in a range of 10(6) similar to 10(7) cm(-2). More importantly numerous grown-in superjogs were observed along screw dislocation lines. After testing in compression, dislocation density (mainly screw dislocations) increased to 10(7) similar to 10(8) cm(-2). Besides, the formation of dislocation dipoles (debris) due to the nonconservative motion of jogged screw dislocations was found to be dependent of the strain rates. While little dislocation dipoles (debris) were found in the crystal tested quasistatically (10(-3) s(-1)), more cusps along screw dislocation lines and numerous dislocation dipoles (debris) were observed in the crystal compressed under the strain rate of 1 s(-1). Physical mechanisms for dislocation multiplication as well as dipole formation from jogged screw dislocations under different strain rate conditions are accordingly proposed and discussed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hsiung, LM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, POB 808,L-352, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU TECH SCIENCE PRESS PI PALMDALE PA PO BOX 900486, PALMDALE, CA 93590-0486 USA SN 1526-1492 J9 CMES-COMP MODEL ENG JI CMES-Comp. Model. Eng. Sci. PY 2002 VL 3 IS 2 BP 185 EP 191 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 546QM UT WOS:000175284900003 ER PT J AU Lin, K Chrzan, DC AF Lin, K Chrzan, DC TI The core structure and energy of the 90 degrees partial dislocation in Si SO CMES-COMPUTER MODELING IN ENGINEERING & SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE dislocation cores; dislocations in Si ID AB-INITIO; SILICON; SIMULATION; CRYSTALS; RECONSTRUCTION; MOBILITY; MODELS AB The 90degrees partial dislocation in Si is studied using a combination of Tersoff potentials and isotropic elasticity theory. Both periodic supercells and cylindrical cells are employed and the results compared. The dislocation core radius is extracted by fitting the results of atomic scale calculations to an expression for the elastic energy of the dislocation. The energy differences between two proposed reconstructions of the dislocation core are computed and found to depend systematically on the stress field imposed on the dislocation. It is suggested that hydrostatic stresses may introduce a core transformation. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Labs, Ctr Adv Mat, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lin, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU TECH SCIENCE PRESS PI PALMDALE PA PO BOX 900486, PALMDALE, CA 93590-0486 USA SN 1526-1492 J9 CMES-COMP MODEL ENG JI CMES-Comp. Model. Eng. Sci. PY 2002 VL 3 IS 2 BP 201 EP 211 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 546QM UT WOS:000175284900005 ER PT J AU Zhang, P Klein, P Huang, Y Gao, H Wu, PD AF Zhang, P Klein, P Huang, Y Gao, H Wu, PD TI Numerical simulation of cohesive fracture by the virtual-internal-bond model SO CMES-COMPUTER MODELING IN ENGINEERING & SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CRACK-GROWTH; STRAIN LOCALIZATION; BRITTLE MATERIALS; DELAMINATION; CONTINUUM; SOLIDS; PLASTICITY; TOUGHNESS; DAMAGE; FILMS AB The recently developed virtual-internal-bond (VIB) model has incorporated a cohesive-type law into the constitutive law of solids such that fracture and failure of solids become a coherent part of the constitutive law and no separate fracture or failure criteria are needed. A numerical algorithm is developed in this study for the VIB model under static loadings. The model is applied to study three examples, namely the crack nucleation and propagation from stress concentration, kinking and subsequent propagation of a mode II crack, and the buckling-driven delamination of a thin film from a substrate. The results have demonstrated that the VIB model provides an effective method to study crack nucleation and propagation in engineering materials and systems. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Stanford Univ, Div Mech & Computat, Palo Alto, CA 94305 USA. Alcan Int Ltd, Kingston, ON K7L 5L9, Canada. RP Huang, Y (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, 1206 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Gao, Huajian/F-9360-2010; Huang, Yonggang/B-6998-2009; Wu, Peidong/A-7009-2008 NR 28 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 3 PU TECH SCIENCE PRESS PI PALMDALE PA PO BOX 900486, PALMDALE, CA 93590-0486 USA SN 1526-1492 J9 CMES-COMP MODEL ENG JI CMES-Comp. Model. Eng. Sci. PY 2002 VL 3 IS 2 BP 263 EP 277 PG 15 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 546QM UT WOS:000175284900011 ER PT B AU Bochev, PB Robinson, AC AF Bochev, PB Robinson, AC BE Estep, D Tavener, S TI Matching algorithms with physics: Exact sequences of finite element spaces SO COLLECTED LECTURES ON THE PRESERVATION OF STABILITY UNDER DISCRETIZATION SE SIAM Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Preservation of Stability Under Discretization CY MAY 30-JUN 02, 2001 CL COLORADO STATE UNIV, FT COLLINS, CO HO COLORADO STATE UNIV ID LORENTZ GAUGE FORMULATIONS; 3-D EDDY CURRENTS; MAXWELLS EQUATIONS C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Math & Algorithms Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Math & Algorithms Dept, POB 5800,MS 1110, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM pbboche@sandia.gov; acrobin@sandia.gov NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA BN 0-89871-520-2 J9 SIAM PROC S PY 2002 BP 145 EP 165 PG 21 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA BU98G UT WOS:000177553500008 ER PT S AU Perkins, JD del Cueto, JA Alleman, JL Warmsingh, C Keyes, BM Gedvilas, LM Parilla, PA To, B Readey, DW Ginley, DS AF Perkins, JD del Cueto, JA Alleman, JL Warmsingh, C Keyes, BM Gedvilas, LM Parilla, PA To, B Readey, DW Ginley, DS BE Takeuchi, I Newsam, JM Wille, LT Koinuma, H Amis, EJ TI Combinatorial synthesis and characterization of zinc-tin-oxide transparent conductors SO COMBINATORIAL AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE METHODS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Combinatorial and Artificial Intelligence Methods in Materials Science held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS; CONDUCTIVITY; ZN2SNO4 AB In this work, we discuss the combinatorial deposition and analysis of transparent conducting oxides along the ZnO-SnO2 composition tie line. Libraries were deposited by co-sputtering from ZnO and Sn-metal targets. The production and analysis of Zn-Sn-O libraries has already produced significant results, confirming the properties of the 2:1 (Zn2SnO4) region and revealing a second region of interest, the 1:1(ZnSnO3) composition. Subsequent film growth of these stochiometries by pulsed laser deposition has confirmed the potential for both of these stochiometries. Work is currently underway to optimize both Zn2SnO4 and ZnSnO3. Planned future work includes a combinatorial investigation of ternary metal systems such as Zn-In-Sn-O. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Perkins, JD (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-636-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 700 BP 25 EP 30 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BU86X UT WOS:000177251700004 ER PT B AU Behrens, R Maharrey, S AF Behrens, R Maharrey, S BE Kuo, KK DeLuca, LT TI Chemical and physical processes that control the thermal decomposition of RDX and HMX SO COMBUSTION OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Special Topics in Chemistry Propulsion (5-ISICP) CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL STRESA, ITALY SP USN, Off Naval Res, USA Res Lab, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Off Naval Res Europe, USA Res Dev & Standardizat Grp, Re Acad China, Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Taiwan, Penn State Univ, Politecn Milano, Univ Maryland DE HMX; RDX; nitramines; thermal decomposition; chemical kinetics; propellants; explosives ID CONDENSED-PHASE DECOMPOSITION; BEAM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GASEOUS PYROLYSIS PRODUCTS; MELTING-POINT; ENERGETIC MATERIALS; OCTAHYDRO-1,3,5,7-TETRANITRO-1,3,5,7-TETRAZOCINE HMX; TEMPORAL BEHAVIORS; TEMPERATURES; MECHANISM; RATES AB Our current understanding of the chemical and physical processes that control the thermal decomposition of RDX and HMX, based on experiments conducted with a simultaneous thermogravimetric modulated beam mass spectrometer (STMBMS), is presented. The rate-limiting reactions and physical processes that control the decomposition of RDX and HMX in both the solid and liquid phases, which have been elucidated from over five hundred STMBMS experiments on these materials, are summarized in a general reaction scheme. This general reaction scheme is discussed and illustrated with selected results from our experimental work. The reaction scheme shows the various pathways that lead from solid reactants to final gas-phase products and incorporates our current knowledge of the intermediate reactions and the effects of physical processes and changes in particle morphology on the overall reaction scheme. Both interactions between the chemical reaction pathways and the effects of physical processes and particle morphology on the chemical reactions create a complex nonlinear decomposition process for these materials, Our current state of understanding of these interactions in the overall reaction scheme is presented. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA USA. RP Behrens, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, POB 969, Livermore, CA USA. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU BEGELL HOUSE, INC PI NEW YORK PA 145 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 1-56700-198-X PY 2002 BP 3 EP 21 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BU91W UT WOS:000177398300001 ER PT B AU Lipkin, J Shaddix, C Allendorf, S Peabody, R Velsko, C Watkins, B Williams, S Moeller, A Bellow, W Carson, J Gray, W Stephens, J Kwak, S AF Lipkin, J Shaddix, C Allendorf, S Peabody, R Velsko, C Watkins, B Williams, S Moeller, A Bellow, W Carson, J Gray, W Stephens, J Kwak, S BE Kuo, KK DeLuca, LT TI Contained low pressure combustion of NIKE and improved HAWK rocket motors: Experimental techniques and emissions measurements SO COMBUSTION OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Special Topics in Chemistry Propulsion (5-ISICP) CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL STRESA, ITALY SP USN, Off Naval Res, USA Res Lab, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Off Naval Res Europe, USA Res Dev & Standardizat Grp, Re Acad China, Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Taiwan, Penn State Univ, Politecn Milano, Univ Maryland DE contained burn; crack and burn; effluents; grab samples; gas and aerosol monitoring; pressure and temperature transients AB Results obtained from three rocket motor propellant burn tests conducted in a large, sealed, underground cavern are described. These tests made use of a tunnel complex at the U.S. Department of Energy's Nevada Test Site, Mercury, NV, USA. The NIKE rocket motor containing double base propellant was used in two tests (two and four motors, respectively), and a third test used two Improved HAWK rocket motors containing composite propellant. In each test, relatively small quantities of explosive were used to initiate non-propulsive propellant bums that lasted approximately 20 seconds. An extensive suite of both time-resolved and time-averaged data was collected for several hours after each test. These data include pressure and temperature transients in the test chamber as well as concentrations and compositions of the gas species and aerosols generated by the combustion process. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RP Lipkin, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RI DeLuca, Luigi/C-6532-2008 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU BEGELL HOUSE, INC PI NEW YORK PA 145 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 1-56700-198-X PY 2002 BP 40 EP 49 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BU91W UT WOS:000177398300004 ER PT B AU Mitchell, AR Coburn, MD Schmidt, RD Pagoria, PF Lee, GS AF Mitchell, AR Coburn, MD Schmidt, RD Pagoria, PF Lee, GS BE Kuo, KK DeLuca, LT TI Recent advances in the chemical conversion of energetic materials SO COMBUSTION OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Special Topics in Chemistry Propulsion (5-ISICP) CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL STRESA, ITALY SP USN, Off Naval Res, USA Res Lab, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Off Naval Res Europe, USA Res Dev & Standardizat Grp, Re Acad China, Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Taiwan, Penn State Univ, Politecn Milano, Univ Maryland DE chemical conversion; surplus energetic materials; higher value products; demilitarization ID VICARIOUS NUCLEOPHILIC-SUBSTITUTION; BENZENEHEXAMINE; AMINATION; HYDROGEN AB The objective of this program is to develop new processes for the disposal of surplus energetic materials. Disposal through open burning/open detonation (OB/OD) is considered less attractive today due to environmental, cost and safety concerns. The use of energetic materials as chemical feedstocks for higher value products can provide environmentally sound and cost-effective alternatives to OB/OD. Our recent studies on the conversion of surplus energetic materials (Explosive D, TNT) to higher value products will be described. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mitchell, AR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, MS L-282,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BEGELL HOUSE, INC PI NEW YORK PA 145 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 1-56700-198-X PY 2002 BP 52 EP 61 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BU91W UT WOS:000177398300005 ER PT B AU Stephens, JR AF Stephens, JR BE Kuo, KK DeLuca, LT TI Aerosol emission measurements of rocket motors from contained open burn events SO COMBUSTION OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Special Topics in Chemistry Propulsion (5-ISICP) CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL STRESA, ITALY SP USN, Off Naval Res, USA Res Lab, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Off Naval Res Europe, USA Res Dev & Standardizat Grp, Re Acad China, Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Taiwan, Penn State Univ, Politecn Milano, Univ Maryland DE rocket motor; open burn; demilitarization; emissions; aerosols AB Aerosol concentrations were measured and samples collected from contained burn tests carried out on two types of rocket motors, the NIKE M88 and the Improved HAWK. Each rocket motor contains 750 pounds of double base type propellant, and 605 pounds of composite type propellant, respectively. The tests were carried out in a sealed underground test chamber of approximate volume 4644 m(3). Aerosol emissions were sampled using an aerosol instrument outside of the burn chamber, after each rocket motor burn,by drawing aerosol-laden gas through the barrier into two parallel sampling systems. One system (impactor) collects aerosol samples from 0.1 to 10 mum in aerodynamic diameter and measures their mass concentrations and size distributions (mug/m(3)) in real time. The other system (streaker) collects three size fractions, > 10 mum, 2.5 - 10 pm, and < 2.5 mum with the latter two size fractions collected on rotating substrates thereby providing a time resolved series of samples. The streaker samples are analyzed using Proton-Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) Spectroscopy to determine the aerosol elemental composition for elements of atomic number greater then Sodium (Z=11). The aerosol emissions from the burn tests were compared with samples, analyzed by PIKE, of background materials (shotcrete, concrete, aggregate, and tuff) taken from the chamber prior to the tests. The background materials are dominated by Calcium, Aluminum, Silicon, Potassium, Titanium, Chromium, Manganese, and Iron. In contrast, the elemental concentrations in the aerosols from the NIKE test are dominated by Sb and Pb, that are used as moderators in the propellant. Cu, probably be from the linear shaped charges used to initiate the explosive, is also present in the test samples. Aerosols were mostly near I gm in size. For the HAWK test, the aerosol is dominated by Al, which occurs in the propellant as metallic Al and is converted to Al2O3 upon combustion. Aerosols were initially mostly larger than 1 mum, shifting to a bimodal size distribution with submicron particles and coarse particles (>2.5 mum) predominating at the expense of small super-micron sized particles. In both tests we see a complex behavior of the aerosol size distribution with time as competing tendencies of aerosol growth by coagulation and settling out of larger particles occur. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Stephens, JR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI DeLuca, Luigi/C-6532-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BEGELL HOUSE, INC PI NEW YORK PA 145 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 1-56700-198-X PY 2002 BP 81 EP 87 PG 3 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BU91W UT WOS:000177398300008 ER PT J AU Cheng, RK Shepherd, IG Bedat, B Talbot, L AF Cheng, RK Shepherd, IG Bedat, B Talbot, L TI Premixed turbulent flame structures in moderate and intense isotropic turbulence SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE premixed turbulent flame; experimental; laser ID VELOCITY AB Several 2-D imaging techniques including planar laser induced fluorescence for OH (OH-PLIF) have been used to investigate premixed turbulent flame structures under moderate to intense isotropic turbulence. Unconditioned velocity statistics were measured by laser Doppler anemometry. The experiments used a low-swirl burner that produces high intensity near-isotropic turbulence. The goal is to gain better insights into the flame structures at high turbulence and to test and verify the concept of the "distributed reaction zones" regime. Four methane/air flames (phi = 0.7) have been studied with 0.5 < u' < 2.2 m/s. A linear correlation for the flame speed. S-f, is found: S-f/S-L = 2,12(u'/S-L) + 1. Sets of 200 OH-PLIF images obtained for each flame clearly show that flame wrinkling is a random process. The probability of the flame having very small wrinkles is relatively low. This strongly suggests that the penetration of small intense eddies into the flame sheet to generate a "distributed reaction zone" is statistically an extremely rare event. The OH-PLIF images were processed to determine statistical properties of the mean flame curvatures and flame lengths for comparison with turbulence intensity and turbulent length scales The results show that the increase in turbulent kinetic energy generates larger mean curvatures of the flame fronts, and a linear increase in the flame surface area ratio estimated from the mean flame length measurement. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cheng, RK (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 21 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 174 IS 1 BP 29 EP 59 DI 10.1080/00102200290020822 PG 31 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 563ZQ UT WOS:000176288800003 ER PT J AU Geer, S AF Geer, S TI Neutrino factories: Physics SO COMMENTS ON MODERN PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LONG-BASE-LINE; OSCILLATION AB The recent evidence for neutrino oscillations opens a new and exciting era in neutrino physics. The next generation of accelerator based neutrino oscillation experiments are expected to confirm the nature of the oscillations, and begin to measure some of the associated oscillation parameters. However, these experiments will not be able to completely determine the mixing matrix, determine the pattern of neutrino masses, or search for CP violation in the lepton sector. Therefore we are motivated to consider the neutrino beams that will be needed beyond the next generation of experiments. With this in mind the physics case for a neutrino factory is discussed. It is shown that this new type of neutrino source would enable the crucial questions to be addressed, and perhaps provide enough information to discriminate between Grand Unified Theories, or lead us to an alternative theoretical framework. It is possible that measurements at a neutrino factory will point the way towards an understanding of the origin of quark and lepton flavors. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60137 USA. RP Geer, S (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60137 USA. EM sgeer@fnal.gov NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1560-5892 J9 COMMENT MOD PHYS JI Comment Mod. Phys. PY 2002 VL 2 IS 6 BP A284 EP A308 PG 25 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 611VW UT WOS:000179039300010 ER PT J AU Lach, J AF Lach, J TI The experiments and publications from the fixed-target program with the Tevatron SO COMMENTS ON MODERN PHYSICS LA English DT Bibliography C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Lach, J (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, MS 122,POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1560-5892 J9 COMMENT MOD PHYS JI Comment Mod. Phys. PY 2002 VL 2 IS 6 BP A399 EP A420 PG 22 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 611VW UT WOS:000179039300018 ER PT J AU Reinhard, RG Bender, M Maruhn, JA AF Reinhard, RG Bender, M Maruhn, JA TI Mean-field models and superheavy elements SO COMMENTS ON MODERN PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL-APPROACH; GROUND-STATE PROPERTIES; SHELL STRUCTURE; ALPHA-DECAY; QUANTUM HADRODYNAMICS; CA-48+PU-244 REACTION; HEAVIEST ELEMENTS; SPHERICAL NUCLEI; ISOTOPE SHIFTS; SKYRME FORCES AB We discuss the performance of two widely used nuclear mean-field models, the relativistic mean-field theory (RMF) and the non-relativistic Skyrme-Hartree-Fock approach (SHF), with particular emphasis on the description of super-heavy elements (SHE). We provide a short introduction to the SHF and RMF, the relations between these two approaches and the relations to other nuclear structure models, briefly review the basic properties with respect to normal nuclear observables, and finally present and discuss recent results on the binding properties of SHE computed with a broad selection of SHF and RMF parameterizations. C1 Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Theoret Phys 2, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, D-6100 Darmstadt, Germany. Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. RP Reinhard, RG (reprint author), Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Theoret Phys 2, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. NR 97 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1560-5892 J9 COMMENT MOD PHYS JI Comment Mod. Phys. PY 2002 VL 2 IS 6 BP A177 EP A208 PG 32 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 611VW UT WOS:000179039300005 ER PT J AU Sessler, AM AF Sessler, AM TI Neutrino factories: The facility SO COMMENTS ON MODERN PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB The recent results from Super-K clearly indicate the existence of neutrino oscillations and, therefore, motivate the building of a muon storage ring (20-50 GeV) that can produce a directed beam of intense neutrinos (10(20)-10(21) per year) for both domestic and intercontinental experiments (baseline of as much as 5,000 km). Such a device requires a powerful proton source (1-4 MW), muon capture, manipulation, cooling, acceleration, and storage. The physics of the neutrino sector is discussed in the previous article; here we describe the factory itself. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sessler, AM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1560-5892 J9 COMMENT MOD PHYS JI Comment Mod. Phys. PY 2002 VL 2 IS 6 BP A309 EP A321 PG 13 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 611VW UT WOS:000179039300011 ER PT J AU Witherell, M AF Witherell, M TI The Fermilab fixed target program: The past and the future SO COMMENTS ON MODERN PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium in Celebration of the Fixed Target Program with the Tevatron CY JUN 02, 2000 CL FERMILAB, BATAVIA, ILLINOIS HO FERMILAB C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL USA. RP Witherell, M (reprint author), Mailstop 122,POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1560-5892 J9 COMMENT MOD PHYS JI Comment Mod. Phys. PY 2002 VL 2 IS 6 BP A323 EP A327 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 611VW UT WOS:000179039300013 ER PT S AU Jovanovic, I Ebbers, CA Comaskey, BJ Bonner, RA Morse, EC AF Jovanovic, I Ebbers, CA Comaskey, BJ Bonner, RA Morse, EC BE Edwards, GS Neev, J Ostendorf, A Sutherland, JC TI Highly efficient tabletop optical parametric chirped pulse amplifier at 1 mu m SO COMMERCIAL AND BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF ULTRAFAST AND FREE-ELECTRON LASERS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Commercial and Biomedical Applications of Ultrafast and Free-Electron Lasers CY JAN 23-24, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE ID AMPLIFICATION; GENERATION; ABLATION; LASERS AB Optical parametric chirped pulse amplification (OPCPA) is a scalable technology for ultrashort pulse amplification. Its major advantages include design simplicity, broad bandwidth, tunability, low B-integral, high contrast, and high beam quality. OPCPA is suitable both for scaling to high peak power as well as high average power. We describe the amplification of stretched 100 fs oscillator pulses in a three-stage OPCPA system pumped by a commercial, single-longitudinal-mode, Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. The stretched pulses were centered around 1054 nm with a FWHM bandwidth of 16.5 nm and had an energy of 0.5 nJ. Using our OPCPA system, we obtained an amplified pulse energy of up to 31 mJ at a 10 Hz repetition rate. The overall conversion efficiency from pump to signal is 6%, which is the highest efficiency obtained with a commercial tabletop pump laser to date. The overall conversion efficiency is limited due to the finite temporal overlap of the seed (3 ns) with respect to the duration of the pump (8.5 ns). Within the temporal window of the seed pulse the pump to signal conversion efficiency exceeds 20%. Recompression of the amplified signal was demonstrated to 310 fs, limited by the aberrations initially present in the low energy seed imparted by the pulse stretcher. The maximum gain in our OPCPA system is 6x10(7), obtained through single passing of 40 nun of beta-barium borate. We present data on the beam quality obtained from our system (M-2 = 1.1). This relatively simple system replaces a significantly more complex Ti:sapphire regenerative amplifier-based CPA system used in the front end of a high energy short pulse laser. Future improvement will include obtaining shorter amplified pulses and higher average power. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Ignit Facil Programs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Jovanovic, I (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Ignit Facil Programs, Mail Code L-490,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4372-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4633 BP 119 EP 127 DI 10.1117/12.461371 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BU57Q UT WOS:000176404700014 ER PT J AU Colin, T Galusinski, C Kaper, HG AF Colin, T Galusinski, C Kaper, HG TI Waves in ferromagnetic media SO COMMUNICATIONS IN PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS LA English DT Article DE micromagnetics; ferromagnets; Maxwell's equations; Landau-Lifshitz equation; Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation; traveling waves; asymptotic analysis; perturbation theory; long waves ID NONLINEAR GEOMETRIC OPTICS; RECTIFICATION AB It is shown that small perturbations of equilibrium states in ferromagnetic media give rise to standing and traveling waves that are stable for long times. The evolution of the wave profiles is governed by semilinear heat equations. The mathematical model underlying these results consists of the Landau-Lifshitz equation for the magnetization vector and Maxwell's equations for the electromagnetic field variables. The model belongs to a general class of hyperbolic equations for vector-valued functions, whose asymptotic properties are analyzed rigorously. The results are-illustrated with numerical examples. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Bordeaux 1, MAB, F-33405 Talence, France. CNRS, UMR 5466, F-33405 Talence, France. RP Kaper, HG (reprint author), Natl Sci Fdn, 4201 Wilson Blvd,Suite 1025, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0360-5302 J9 COMMUN PART DIFF EQ JI Commun. Partial Differ. Equ. PY 2002 VL 27 IS 7-8 BP 1625 EP 1658 DI 10.1081/PDE-120005850 PG 34 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 584JZ UT WOS:000177464600014 ER PT J AU Barton, C Karathanasis, T AF Barton, C Karathanasis, T TI A novel method for measurement and characterization of soil macroporosity SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID SUBSURFACE ENVIRONMENTS; SATURATED FLOW; IMAGE-ANALYSIS; WATER; TRANSPORT; COLLOIDS; COLUMNS; EARTHWORMS; CHANNELS; MOVEMENT AB Quantitative macropore characterizations were performed in large zero-tension soil lysimeters of a Maury silt loam (fine, mixed, mesic Typic Palcudalf) and a Loradale silt loam (fine, silty, mixed, mesic Typic Argiudoll) soil in an effort to assess potential colloid transport. Steel pipe sections (50 cm diameter x 100 cm length) were hydraulically driven into the soil for lysimeter establishment. A dye tracer was applied into each lysimeter under saturated conditions at eight-hour intervals using 500 mL pulse applications. After one pore volume elution, the center section of the stained lysimeters was removed, dissected, and photographed. Kubiena tins were inserted into the lysimeter's remaining soil at 15 cm intervals. Vertically oriented thin sections were prepared from each tin. Pore area, diameter, and orientation were evaluated from thin sections and photographs using commercial grade scanners and Photoshop(R) software. At an input scanning resolution of 60 pixels per cm, the software program was capable of identifying pores with diameters >160 mum. Thin section analysis provided more detail of smaller sized pores (<1.0 mm), while the cationic nature of the methylene blue dye restricted its presence primarily to the larger macropores. The Loradale soils tended to exhibit increased pore area and pore diameter over that of the Maury in both thin sections and photographs. The Loradale soil also showed a more elaborate and vertically oriented network of pores. Although standard soil physical measurements did not suggest the presence of a restrictive layer in these soils, morphological evidence generated from this methodology suggested otherwise. Colloid leaching experiments performed in separate lysimeters of the same soils in a fashion similar to that used for the dye tracer application showed colloid breakthrough and filtration patterns consistent with the macropore characterization observations obtained through the application of this method. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Agron, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Karathanasis, T (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Agron, N-122 Ag Sci Bldg, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2002 VL 33 IS 7-8 BP 1305 EP 1322 DI 10.1081/CSS-120003889 PG 18 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 559AY UT WOS:000176003100020 ER PT S AU von Laszewski, G Blau, E Bletzinger, M Gawor, J Lane, P Martin, S Russell, M AF von Laszewski, G Blau, E Bletzinger, M Gawor, J Lane, P Martin, S Russell, M BE Bishop, J TI Software, component, and service deployment in computational grids SO COMPONENT DEPLOYMENT SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IFIP/ACM Working Conference on Component Deployment CY JUN 20-21, 2002 CL BERLIN, GERMANY SP IFIP, ACM AB Grids comprise an infrastructure that enables scientists to use a diverse set of distributed remote services and resources as part of complex scientific problem-solving processes. We analyze some of the challenges involved in deploying software and components transparently in Grids. We report on three practical solutions used by the Globus Project. Lessons learned from this experience lead us to believe that it is necessary to support a variety of software and component deployment strategies. These strategies are based on the hosting environment. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Natl Ctr Supercomp Applicat, Champaign, IL 61821 USA. RP von Laszewski, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI von Laszewski, Gregor/C-2808-2012 OI von Laszewski, Gregor/0000-0001-9558-179X NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-43847-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2370 BP 244 EP 256 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BV79S UT WOS:000180068500018 ER PT J AU Wertsching, AK Cotton, GB Harrup, MK AF Wertsching, AK Cotton, GB Harrup, MK TI Examination of the physical properties of polyphosphazene-silicate nanocomposites using novel synthetic strategies SO COMPOSITE INTERFACES LA English DT Article ID MEMBRANES AB Phosphazene-silicate nanocomposites were synthesized and their mechanical properties analyzed. Three distinct types of catalysts were employed to drive the ceramic condensation - acid, base and ionic salt species - resulting in a wide variety of mechanical properties. To validate the correlations between the physical properties observed and the ceramic morphologies formed, a survey of the extent of parent polymer degradation under these catalytic conditions was undertaken. Further, the effects of various ionic strengths of casting solutions resulting from relative dissociation constants, hence active catalyst availability, on salt-catalyzed silicate interpenetrating network (IPN) matrices were also investigated. The resulting information provides the appropriate synthetic control needed to produce nanocomposites with specifically tailored properties for a variety of applications. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Harrup, MK (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU VSP BV PI ZEIST PA PO BOX 346, 3700 AH ZEIST, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6440 J9 COMPOS INTERFACE JI Compos. Interfaces PY 2002 VL 9 IS 1 BP 77 EP 87 DI 10.1163/156855402753642917 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 617DH UT WOS:000179345300006 ER PT J AU Branagan, DJ Tang, YL AF Branagan, DJ Tang, YL TI Developing extreme hardness (> 15 GPa) in iron based nanocomposites SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE glasses; nano-structures; hardness; microstructure; rapid solidification AB Through a unique methodology, novel nanocomposite microstructures were created in a bulk iron based alloy by first processing into a glass condition followed by devitrifying the glass through heat treating above the crystallization temperature. The as-crystallized microstructure was made up of three nanoscale phases; alpha-Fe, FP23C6, and Fe3B phases. Vickers hardness testing revealed a maximum hardness of 16.2 GPa which is significantly harder than existing commercial steel alloys and hardmetals. Detailed structural studies uncovered two important factors which contribute to the development of this extreme hardness; reductions in microstructure scale to the nanometer regime and supersaturation of transition metal alloying elements significantly above their equilibrium solubility limits. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Branagan, DJ (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 8 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PY 2002 VL 33 IS 6 BP 855 EP 859 AR PII S1359-835X(02)00028-3 DI 10.1016/S1359-835X(02)00028-3 PG 5 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 565BH UT WOS:000176347800009 ER PT J AU Hsueh, CH Ferber, MK AF Hsueh, CH Ferber, MK TI Apparent coefficient of thermal expansion and residual stresses in multilayer capacitors SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE laminates; residual/internal stress; thermomechanical; analytical modelling ID CERAMIC CAPACITORS AB The thermal expansion behavior and residual stresses in multilayer capacitor (MLC) systems are analyzed in the present study. An MLC consists of a laminate of multiple alternating electrode layers and dielectric layers sandwiched between two ceramic cover layers. An analytical model is developed to derive simple closed-form solutions for the apparent coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs) of the laminate. Plasticity of electrodes is included in the analysis. The predicted apparent CTEs are compared with measurements of some laminated ceramic composites. The effects of plasticity on apparent CTEs and residual stresses in MLC systems are discussed. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hsueh, CH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Hsueh, Chun-Hway/G-1345-2011 NR 13 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PY 2002 VL 33 IS 8 BP 1115 EP 1121 AR PII S1359-835X(02)00054-4 DI 10.1016/S1359-835X(02)00054-4 PG 7 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 599TC UT WOS:000178350400009 ER PT J AU Lee, HK Simunovic, S AF Lee, HK Simunovic, S TI A damage mechanics model of crack-weakened, chopped fiber composites under impact loading SO COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE damage mechanics; finite element analysis (FEA); impact behavior; crack-weakened composites ID MATRIX COMPOSITES; MODULI; INHOMOGENEITIES AB A micromechanical approach recently proposed by Lee and Simunovic [Compos, Part B: Engng. 31 (2000) 77] is introduced to develop analytical and numerical models that efficiently predict the behavior of chopped fiber based composites containing microcracks under impact loading. Based on the ensemble-volume averaging process and the first-order effects of eigenstrains due to the existence of chopped fibers and microcracks, an effective yield criterion of the composites is derived. Microcracks in the matrix are considered by employing the Eshelby's equivalence principle and their influence on the stress-strain relations of the composites is investigated. Further, the Weibull's probabilistic function is used to model the varying probability of progressive partial fiber debonding. The developed micromechanical constitutive model is then implemented into the finite element code DYNA3D to perform impact simulation of the composites. Finally, numerical simulations for cantilever beam test and composite contact test are carried out to validate the finite element implementation and predict the impact behavior of composite structures. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Miami, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lee, HK (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RI Lee, Haeng Ki/C-1640-2011 NR 17 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-8368 J9 COMPOS PART B-ENG JI Compos. Pt. B-Eng. PY 2002 VL 33 IS 1 BP 25 EP 34 AR PII S1359-8368(01)00048-8 DI 10.1016/S1359-8368(01)00048-8 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 523RM UT WOS:000173969200004 ER PT J AU He, MY Singh, D McNulty, JC Zok, FW AF He, MY Singh, D McNulty, JC Zok, FW TI Thermal expansion of unidirectional and cross-ply fibrous monoliths SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ceramic matrix composites; thermal properties; elastic properties; finite element analysis (FEA); fibrous monoliths ID CERAMICS AB An investigation of the thermal expansion behavior of ceramic fibrous monoliths (FMs) is presented. The emphasis is on the development and validation of material models applicable to Si3N4/BN FMs in both unidirectional and cross-ply architectures. Approximate analytical models are developed for the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) based on the analysis of representative unit cells of the Si3N4 fibers and the surrounding BN interphase. The pertinent cell shapes are identified from quantitative measurements on real Si3N4/BN FMs. Corresponding finite element analyses are performed on the same unit cells for the purpose of validating the analytical models. Good agreement is obtained between the model predictions and experimental measurements of CTE. A rudimentary modification to the analytical model to account for texturing and anisotropy of the BN appears to yield adequate results. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zok, FW (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RI He, Ming/F-9232-2010 NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PY 2002 VL 62 IS 7-8 BP 967 EP 976 AR PII S0266-3538(02)00033-7 DI 10.1016/S0266-3538(02)00033-7 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 558JH UT WOS:000175962200006 ER PT J AU Youngblood, GE Senor, DJ Jones, RH Graham, S AF Youngblood, GE Senor, DJ Jones, RH Graham, S TI The transverse thermal conductivity of 2D-SiCf/SiC composites SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs); modeling; thermal conductivity; computational simulation ID SILICON-CARBIDE; MATRIX COMPOSITES; DIFFUSIVITY; IRRADIATION; RESISTANCE; CRACKING; FIBERS AB The Hasselman-Johnson (H-J) model for predicting the effective transverse thermal conductivity (K-eff) of a 2D-SiCf/SiC composite with a fiber-matrix thermal barrier was assessed experimentally and by comparison to numerical FEM predictions. Agreement within 5% was predicted for composites with simple unidirectional or cross-ply architectures with fiber volume fractions of 0.5 or less and with fiber-to-matrix conductivity ratios less than 10. For a woven 2D-SiCf/SiC composite, inhomogeneous fiber packing and numerous direct fiber-fiber contacts would introduce deviations from model predictions. However, the analytic model should be very appropriate to examine the degradation in K-eff in 2D-woven composites due to neutron irradiation or due to other mechanical or environmental treatments. To test this possibility, expected effects of irradiation on K-eff were predicted by the H-J model for a hypothetical 2D-SiCf/SiC composite made with a high conductivity fiber and a CVI-SiC matrix. Before irradiation, predicted Keff for this composite would range from 34 down to 26 W/(m-K) at 200 and 1000 degreesC, respectively. After irradiation to saturation doses at 200 or 1000 degreesC, the respective K-eff-values are predicted to decrease to 6 or 10 W/(m-K). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Youngblood, GE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN K2-44, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 37 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PY 2002 VL 62 IS 9 BP 1127 EP 1139 AR PII S0266-3538(02)00069-6 DI 10.1016/S0266-3538(02)00069-6 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 572RM UT WOS:000176788800001 ER PT S AU Walukiewicz, W Yu, KM Wu, J Ager, JW Haller, EE Miotkowski, I Ramdas, AK Su, CH AF Walukiewicz, W Yu, KM Wu, J Ager, JW Haller, EE Miotkowski, I Ramdas, AK Su, CH BE Arakawa, Y Hirayama, Y Kishino, K Yamaguchi, H TI Band anticrossing in highly mismatched compound semiconductor alloys SO COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS 2001 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Symposium on Compound Semiconductors (ISCS 2001) CY OCT 01-04, 2001 CL UNIV TOKYO, TOKYO, JAPAN SP Seiken Shoreikai (FRIS), Inst Ind Sci, Electr Soc, Inst Electr, Informat & Commun Engineers Japan, IEEE Soc Appl Phys, IEEE Electron Device Soc, IEEE Electron Device Soc, Japan Chapter, IEEE Lasers & Elecro-Optics Soc, Murata Sci Fdn, Fdn Promot Mat Sci & Technol Japan, ASEC Inc, Appl EPI Inc, Clean Act Inc, Daido Air Prod Inc, Fujikura Ltd, Fujitsy Ltd, Fujitsu Quantum Devices Ltd, Furukawa Elect Co Ltd, Hakuto Co Ltd, Hitachi Ltd, Hitachi Cable Ltd, Matsushita Elect Ind Co Ltd, Mitsubishi Elect Corp, Moritani & Co Ltd, NEC Corp, Nichia Corp, Nippon Sanso Corp, Nisshin Elect Co Ltd, NTT Corp, NTT Electr Corp, Oki Elect Ind Co Ltd, ROHM Co Ltd, Sharp Corp, Showa Denko K K, Sony Corp, Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd, Sumitomo Elect Ind Ltd, Sumitomo 3M Ltd, Texas Instruments Japan Ltd, Tomoe Shokai Co Ltd, Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd, Vieetech Japan Co Ltd HO UNIV TOKYO ID GAP; NITROGEN; INNXP1-X; ZNSE; ZNTE AB Photomodulated reflectance and optical absorption spectroscopies were used to measure the composition and hydrostatic pressure dependence of interband optical transitions in ZnSe(1-x)Te(x) alloys. On the Te-rich side the composition and pressure dependence of the optical transitions are well explained by the band anticrossing model. The large band gap reduction observed on the Se-rich side of the alloy system is a result of an interaction between the localized Te level and the valence bands. This interaction leads to the formation of a Te-like valence band edge that strongly interacts with the light hole valence band, Calculations based on a modified k.p model account for the reduction of the band gap and the large increase of the spin-orbit splitting observed in Se-rich ZnSe(1-x)Te(y) alloys. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Appl Sci & Technol Grad Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Sci Directorate SD47, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Walukiewicz, W (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012; Wu, Junqiao/G-7840-2011 OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; Wu, Junqiao/0000-0002-1498-0148 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0856-7 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 2002 IS 170 BP 301 EP 306 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV44V UT WOS:000179011200048 ER PT S AU Huang, D Litton, CW Reshchikov, MA Visconti, P Yun, F King, T Baski, AA Jasinski, J Liliental-Weber, Z Morkoc, H AF Huang, D Litton, CW Reshchikov, MA Visconti, P Yun, F King, T Baski, AA Jasinski, J Liliental-Weber, Z Morkoc, H BE Arakawa, Y Hirayama, Y Kishino, K Yamaguchi, H TI Characterization of GaN/AIN films with different polarities grown by molecular beam epitaxy on sapphire substrates SO COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS 2001 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Symposium on Compound Semiconductors (ISCS 2001) CY OCT 01-04, 2001 CL UNIV TOKYO, TOKYO, JAPAN SP Seiken Shoreikai (FRIS), Inst Ind Sci, Electr Soc, Inst Electr, Informat & Communicat Engineers Japan, IEEE Soc Appl Phys, IEEE Electron Device Soc, IEEE Electron Device Soc, Japan Chapter, IEEE Laser & Elecro-Optics Soc, Murata Sci Fdn, Fdn Promot Mat Sci & Technol Japan, ASEC Inc, Appl EPI Inc, Clean Act Inc, Daido Air Products Inc, Fujikura Ltd, Fujitsy Ltd, Fujitsu Quantum Devices Ltd, Furukawa Elect Co Ltd, Hakuto Co Ltd, Hitachi Ltd, Hitachi Cable Ltd, Matsushita Elect Ind Co Ltd, Mitsubishi Elect Corp, Moritani & Co Ltd, NEC Corp, Nichia Corp, Nippon Sanso Corp, Nisshin Elect Co Ltd, NTT Corp, NTT Electr Corp, Oki Elect Ind Co Ltd, ROHM Co Ltd, Sharp Corp, Showa Denko K K, Sony Corp, Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd, Sumitomo Elect Ind Ltd, Sumitomo 3M Ltd, Texas Instruments Japan Ltd, Tomoe Shokai Co Ltd, Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd, Vieetech Japan Co Ltd HO UNIV TOKYO ID GAN AB This paper reports the characterization of typical Ga- and N-polar GaN films gown on sapphire substrates by MBE. The Ga-polar films were grown on high temperature AlN buffers while the N-polar films were grown on GaN buffers. Atomic force microscopy shows that the Ga-polar films have flat and pitted surface while the N-polar surface is rougher with isolated columns. Transmission electron microscopy shows that the Ga-polar films may have a low density of inversion domains, while a much higher density of inversion domains was observed in the N-polar films. Despite their rough surfaces and the high density of inversion domains, N-polar films with low dislocation density were demonstrated. In addition, higher PL efficiency was observed for the N-polar films than for the Ga-polar films. X-ray diffraction spectra show that the width of the [002] symmetric peak from the Ga-polar films is narrower than that from the N-polar films. In contrast, the width of the [104] asymmetric peak is not very different for films of different polarities. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. CNR, Ist Studio Nuovi Mat Elettron, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Huang, D (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Med Coll Virginia Campus, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012; VISCONTI, PAOLO/L-7214-2015 OI VISCONTI, PAOLO/0000-0002-4058-4042 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0856-7 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 2002 IS 170 BP 771 EP 776 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV44V UT WOS:000179011200127 ER PT J AU Hyman, J Morel, J Shashkov, M Steinberg, S AF Hyman, J Morel, J Shashkov, M Steinberg, S TI Mimetic finite difference methods for diffusion equations SO COMPUTATIONAL GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE diffusion equations; locally conservative method; mimetic discretizations ID LOGICALLY RECTANGULAR GRIDS; NATURAL DISCRETIZATIONS; OPERATORS; ALGORITHMS; DIVERGENCE; GRADIENT; SCHEME; MESHES; CURL AB This paper reviews and extends the theory and application of mimetic finite difference methods for the solution of diffusion problems in strongly heterogeneous anisotropic materials. These difference operators satisfy the fundamental identities, conservation laws and theorems of vector and tensor calculus on nonorthogonal, nonsmooth, structured and unstructured computational grids. We provide explicit approximations for equations in two dimensions with discontinuous anisotropic diffusion tensors. We mention the similarities and differences between the new methods and mixed finite element or hybrid mixed finite element methods. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Math & Stat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Shashkov, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, T-7,MS-B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 24 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1420-0597 J9 COMPUTAT GEOSCI JI Comput. Geosci. PY 2002 VL 6 IS 3-4 BP 333 EP 352 DI 10.1023/A:1021282912658 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 619HG UT WOS:000179470100007 ER PT B AU Buckner, MA Urmanov, AM Gribok, AV Hines, JW AF Buckner, MA Urmanov, AM Gribok, AV Hines, JW BE Ruan, D Dhondt, P Kerre, EE TI Application of localized regularization methods for nuclear power plant sensor calibration monitoring SO COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS FOR APPLIED RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Technologies in Nuclear Science CY SEP 16-18, 2002 CL GHENT, BELGIUM SP Belgian Nucl Res Ctr, Ghent Univ, Fund Sci Res Flanders AB Several U.S. Nuclear Power Plants are attempting to move from a periodic sensor calibration schedule to a condition-based schedule using on-line calibration monitoring systems. This move requires a license amendment that must address the requirements set forth in a recently released Nuclear Regulatory Commission Safety Evaluation Report (SER). The major issue addressed in the SER is that of a complete uncertainty analysis of the empirical models. It has been shown that empirical modeling techniques are inherently unstable and inconsistent when the inputs are highly correlated. Regularization methods such as ridge regression or truncated singular value decomposition produce consistent results but may be overly simplified and not produce optimal results. This paper describes a new local regularization method, generalized ridge regression (GRR), and its potential value for sensor calibration monitoring at nuclear power plants. A case study is used to quantitatively compare different modeling methods. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Buckner, MA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-066-3 PY 2002 BP 580 EP 587 DI 10.1142/9789812777102_0070 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Computer Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX73B UT WOS:000186233300070 ER PT S AU Jarzynski, C AF Jarzynski, C BE Schlick, T Gan, HH TI Equilibrium and nonequilibrium foundations of free energy computational methods SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR MACROMOLECULES: CHALLENGES AND APPLICATIONS SE Lecture Notes in Computational Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Algorithms for Macromolecular Modeling CY OCT 12-14, 2000 CL NYU, NEW YORK, NY HO NYU ID PERTURBATION CALCULATIONS; COMPUTER-SIMULATIONS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; WATER; CONFIGURATION; HYSTERESIS; BOUNDS; ERRORS AB Statistical mechanics provides a rigorous framework for the numerical estimation of free energy differences in complex systems such as biomolecules. This paper presents a brief review of the statistical mechanical identities underlying a number of techniques for computing free energy differences. Both equilibrium and nonequilibrium methods are covered. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM chrisj@lanl.gov NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1439-7358 BN 3-540-43756-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMP SCI PY 2002 VL 24 BP 287 EP 303 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Mathematics; Physics GA BV88U UT WOS:000180302400012 ER PT S AU Woodward, C Grant, K Maxwell, R AF Woodward, C Grant, K Maxwell, R BE Hassanizadeh, SM Schotting, RJ Gray, WG Pinder, GF TI Applications of sensitivity analysis to uncertainty quantification in variably saturated flow SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN WATER RESOURCES, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN WATER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL DELFT, NETHERLANDS ID SYSTEMS AB In this paper, we present results demonstrating the effectiveness of a sensitivity analysis approach to uncertainty quantification of a variably saturated flow model. The basis for our method is a software system which simultaneously solves for solutions of large-scale nonlinear systems of equations and the sensitivity of the solutions to selected parameters. We present test cases showing the effects on the relative uncertainty of pressure due to heterogeneity in the absolute permeability and to differences in parameterizing the Van Genuchten curve soil parameters, alpha and n. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Pleasanton, CA 94588 USA. RP Woodward, C (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, POB 808,L561, Pleasanton, CA 94588 USA. RI Woodward, Carol/M-4008-2014 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 7108-8070 BN 0-444-50975-5 J9 DEV WATER SCI PY 2002 VL 47 BP 73 EP 80 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Mathematics, Applied; Water Resources SC Engineering; Mathematics; Water Resources GA BV40A UT WOS:000178839400010 ER PT S AU Wu, YS Zhang, K Pruess, K AF Wu, YS Zhang, K Pruess, K BE Hassanizadeh, SM Schotting, RJ Gray, WG Pinder, GF TI Massively parallel simulation of flow and transport in variably saturated porous and fractured media SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN WATER RESOURCES, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN WATER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL DELFT, NETHERLANDS AB This paper describes a massively parallel simulation method and its application for modeling multiphase flow and multicomponent transport in porous and fractured reservoirs. The parallel-computing method has been implemented into the TOUGH2 code and its numerical performance is tested on a Cray T3E-900 and IBM SP. The efficiency and robustness of the parallel-computing algorithm are demonstrated by completing two simulations with more than one million gridblocks, using site-specific data obtained from a site-characterization study. The first application involves the development of a three-dimensional numerical model for flow in the unsaturated zone of Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The second application is the study of tracer/radionuclide transport through fracture-matrix rocks for the same site. The parallel-computing technique enhances modeling capabilities by achieving several-orders-of-magnitude speedup for large-scale and high resolution modeling studies. The resulting modeling results provide many new insights into flow and transport processes that could not be obtained from simulations using the single-CPU simulator. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wu, YS (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Wu, Yu-Shu/A-5800-2011 NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 7108-8070 BN 0-444-50975-5 J9 DEV WATER SCI PY 2002 VL 47 BP 289 EP 296 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Mathematics, Applied; Water Resources SC Engineering; Mathematics; Water Resources GA BV40A UT WOS:000178839400037 ER PT S AU Glass, RJ AF Glass, RJ BE Hassanizadeh, SM Schotting, RJ Gray, WG Pinder, GF TI Phase invasion in a fracture shear zone: Analysis with macro modified invasion percolation SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN WATER RESOURCES, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN WATER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL DELFT, NETHERLANDS ID POROUS-MEDIA; MODEL; SIMULATION AB An alternative conceptual model for phase invasion based on modifications of invasion percolation is formulated and applied to model gas invasion from an injection well to a withdrawal well within an initially water saturated, fracture shear zone. In. the Macro Modified Invasion Percolation model, phase growth is determined by variable capillary forces in combination with gravity and first order viscous forces (embodied in a simple single phase viscous dipole solution). Results of a parametric study demonstrate the relative influences of capillary force variability, Bond number, and Capillary number on withdrawal well capture and the intervening phase structure. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Flow Visualizat & Proc Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Glass, RJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Flow Visualizat & Proc Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 7108-8070 BN 0-444-50975-5 J9 DEV WATER SCI PY 2002 VL 47 BP 313 EP 318 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Mathematics, Applied; Water Resources SC Engineering; Mathematics; Water Resources GA BV40A UT WOS:000178839400040 ER PT S AU Yabusaki, SB AF Yabusaki, SB BE Hassanizadeh, SM Schotting, RJ Gray, WG Pinder, GF TI Multi-region transport and competitive ion exchange in partially saturated porous media SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN WATER RESOURCES, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN WATER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL DELFT, NETHERLANDS AB In most natural subsurface settings cesium sorbs very strongly to sediments, effectively limiting its transport. At the Hanford Site in Washington State (USA), vadose zone migration of Cs-137 from subsurface high-level radioactive waste tanks has been detected over 40 meters below the ground surface. In response, a comprehensive investigation of geochemical and hydrologic processes controlling cesium mobility in Hanford sediments was initiated. Geochemical laboratory studies investigated the ability of electrolytes in the hypersaline tank fluid to outcompete Cs-137 for exchange sites in the Hanford sediments. Depending on tank temperatures, sodium concentrations in the tank waste could be as high as 19 M. Batch and saturated laboratory column studies provided the basis for a quantitative multisite, multicomponent ion exchange model of Cs+ competition with Na+, K+, Ca++, and Mg++ in a composite Hanford soil. To test the validity of this model under unsaturated conditions, a series of reactive transport column experiments were performed in an ultracentrifuge at different liquid saturations. For each experiment, a constant, uniform saturation was maintained using a steady influx of a 5 M sodium nitrate solution with 5.4E-5 M cesium iodide. Our interest was the potential for enhanced cesium transport due to the presence of immobile liquid and/or bypassed regions. We were also interested in the variability of cesium reactivity that may be associated with specific regions, especially the case where the mobile liquids were selectively exposed to less reactive mineral surfaces. To this end, mobile and immobile fluid fractions, dispersion, and the rate of mass transfer between mobile and immobile regions were determined from the tracer breakthrough. At higher saturations (similar to 65%), the tracer and cesium behavior could be predicted to a large degree using a single mobile region with the previously developed multicomponent ion exchange model. At lower saturations (similar to 23%), however, the tracer breakthrough indicated a relatively large immobile fluid fraction, which could be described only with a multi-region approach. In this experiment, however, cesium broke through earlier and at higher concentrations than predicted by multi-region theory combined with the existing cesium ion exchange model. This behavior is consistent with a lower density of exchange sites in the immobile fluid region. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Yabusaki, SB (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 7108-8070 BN 0-444-50975-5 J9 DEV WATER SCI PY 2002 VL 47 BP 579 EP 585 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Mathematics, Applied; Water Resources SC Engineering; Mathematics; Water Resources GA BV40A UT WOS:000178839400074 ER PT S AU Zhang, DX Kang, QJ Chen, SY AF Zhang, DX Kang, QJ Chen, SY BE Hassanizadeh, SM Schotting, RJ Gray, WG Pinder, GF TI Study of fluid flow, transport and reaction in porous media with the Lattice Boltzmann method SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN WATER RESOURCES, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN WATER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL DELFT, NETHERLANDS ID DISSOLUTION; INSTABILITY; MANTLE; MODEL AB In this study, we simulate the transport and reaction of fluids in porous media with the technique of lattice Boltzmann. To simulate such a system, it is necessary to account for the interaction of forced convection, molecular diffusion and surface reaction. The problem is further complicated by the evolution of the porous media geometry due to chemical reactions, which may significantly and continuously modify the hydrologic properties of the media. The particular application that motivates the present study is acid stimulation, a common technique used to increase production from petroleum reservoirs. This technique involves the injection of acid (e.g., hydrochloric acid HCl, acetic acid HAc) into the formation to dissolve minerals comprising the rock. As acid is injected, highly conductive channels or wormholes may be formed. The dissolution of two carbonate rocks is simulated with the lattice Boltzmann model developed in this study. The dependence of dissolution process as well as the geometry of the final wormhole pattern on the injection rate, the acid type, the acid concentration, and the diffusivity constant is studied. The results agree qualitatively with the experimental and theoretical analysis of others and substantiate the previous finding that there exists an optimal injection rate at which both the wormhole is formed and the number of pore volumes of the injected fluid to break through is minimized. This study confirms the experimentally observed phenomenon that the optimal injection rate decreases and the corresponding minimized number of pore volumes to break through increases as the acid is changed from HCl to HAc. This study also shows that in wormhole formation, a low diffusion constant is more efficient than a high diffusion constant, and a low acid concentration results in a better economic utilization of acid. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hydrol Geochem & Geol Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhang, DX (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hydrol Geochem & Geol Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Zhang, Dongxiao/D-5289-2009; Chen, Shiyi/A-3234-2010; Kang, Qinjun/A-2585-2010 OI Zhang, Dongxiao/0000-0001-6930-5994; Kang, Qinjun/0000-0002-4754-2240 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 7108-8070 BN 0-444-50975-5 J9 DEV WATER SCI PY 2002 VL 47 BP 1131 EP 1138 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Mathematics, Applied; Water Resources SC Engineering; Mathematics; Water Resources GA BV40A UT WOS:000178839400148 ER PT S AU Engelmann, C Scott, SL Geist, GA AF Engelmann, C Scott, SL Geist, GA BE Sloot, P Tan, CJK Dongarra, JJ Hoekstra, AG TI Distributed peer-to-peer control in harness SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE-ICCS 2002, PT II, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science CY APR 21-24, 2002 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SP Univ Amsterdam, Sect Computat Sci, SHARCNET, Canada, Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Power Comp & Commun BV, Elsevier Sci Publ, Springer Verlag, HPCN Fdn, Natl Supercomp Facilities, Sun Microsyst Inc, Queens Univ, Sch Comp Sci ID GROUP COMMUNICATION AB Harness is an adaptable fault-tolerant virtual machine environment for next-generation heterogeneous distributed computing developed as a follow on to PVM. It additionally enables the assembly of applications from plug-ins and provides fault-tolerance. This work describes the distributed control, which manages global state replication to ensure a high-availability of service. Group communication services achieve an agreement on an initial global state and a linear history of global state changes at all members of the distributed virtual machine. This global state is replicated to all members to easily recover from single, multiple and cascaded faults. A peer-to-peer ring network architecture and tunable multi-point failure conditions provide heterogeneity and scalability. Finally, the integration of the distributed control into the multi-threaded kernel architecture of Harness offers a fault-tolerant global state database service for plug-ins and applications. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Engelmann, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-43593-X J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2330 BP 720 EP 728 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BW26C UT WOS:000181351000076 ER PT S AU Taylor, J Dvorak, M Mickelson, S AF Taylor, J Dvorak, M Mickelson, S BE Sloot, P Tan, CJK Dongarra, JJ Hoekstra, AG TI Developing grid based infrastructure for climate modeling SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE-ICCS 2002, PT II, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science CY APR 21-24, 2002 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SP Univ Amsterdam, Sect Computat Sci, SHARCNET, Canada, Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Power Comp & Commun BV, Elsevier Sci Publ, Springer Verlag, HPCN Fdn, Natl Supercomp Facilities, Sun Microsyst Inc, Queens Univ, Sch Comp Sci AB In this paper we discuss the development of a high performance climate modeling system as an example of the application of Grid based technology to climate modeling. The climate simulation system at Argonne currently includes a scientific modeling interface (Espresso) written in Java which incorporates Globus middleware to facilitate climate simulations on the Grid. The climate modeling system also includes a high performance version of MM5v3.4 modified for long climate simulations on our 512 processor Linux cluster (Chiba City), an interactive web based tool to facilitate analysis and collaboration via the web, and an enhanced version of the Cave5D software capable of visualizing large climate data sets. We plan to incorporate other climate modeling systems such as the Fast Ocean Atmosphere Model (FOAM) and the National Center for Atmospheric Research's (NCAR) Community Climate Systems Model (CCSM) within Espresso to facilitate their application on computational grids. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Taylor, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Taylor, John/E-5894-2010 OI Taylor, John/0000-0001-9003-4076 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-43593-X J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2330 BP 739 EP 747 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BW26C UT WOS:000181351000078 ER PT S AU Ong, ET Larson, JW Jacob, RL AF Ong, ET Larson, JW Jacob, RL BE Sloot, P Tan, CJK Dongarra, JJ Hoekstra, AG TI A real application of the model coupling toolkit SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE-ICCS 2002, PT II, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science CY APR 21-24, 2002 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SP Univ Amsterdam, Sect Computat Sci, SHARCNET, Canada, Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Power Comp & Commun BV, Elsevier Sci Publ, Springer Verlag, HPCN Fdn, Natl Supercomp Facilities, Sun Microsyst Inc, Queens Univ, Sch Comp Sci AB The high degree of computational complexity of atmosphere and ocean general circulation models, land-surface models, and dynamical sea-ice models makes coupled climate modeling a grand-challenge problem in high-performance computing. On distributed-memory parallel computers, a coupled model comprises multiple message-passing-parallel models, each of which must exchange data among themselves or through a special component called a coupler. The Model Coupling Toolkit (MCT) is a set of Fortran90 objects that can be used to easily create low bandwidth parallel data exchange algorithms and other functions of a parallel coupler. In this paper we describe the MCT, how it was employed to implement some of the important functions found in the flux coupler for the Parallel Climate Model(PCM), and compare the performance of MCT-based PCM functions with their PCM counterparts. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ong, ET (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-43593-X J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2330 BP 748 EP 757 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BW26C UT WOS:000181351000079 ER PT S AU Mickelson, SA Taylor, JA Dvorak, M AF Mickelson, SA Taylor, JA Dvorak, M BE Sloot, P Tan, CJK Dongarra, JJ Hoekstra, AG TI Simplifying the task of generating climate simulations and visualizations SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE-ICCS 2002, PT II, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science CY APR 21-24, 2002 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SP Univ Amsterdam, Sect Computat Sci, SHARCNET, Canada, Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Power Comp & Commun BV, Elsevier Sci Publ, Springer Verlag, HPCN Fdn, Natl Supercomp Facilities, Sun Microsyst Inc, Queens Univ, Sch Comp Sci AB To fully exploit the use of the MM5 modeling system, the scientist must spend several months studying the system, thus losing valuable research time. To solve this problem, we have created a graphical user interface, called Espresso, that allows users to change these values without having to examine the code. This approach dramatically increases the usability of the model and speeds productivity. We have also modified Vis5D to run on tiled displays. Using such displays allows us to view our climate data at much higher resolution. C1 Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Mickelson, SA (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RI Taylor, John/E-5894-2010 OI Taylor, John/0000-0001-9003-4076 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-43593-X J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2330 BP 758 EP 766 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BW26C UT WOS:000181351000080 ER PT S AU Dvorak, M Taylor, J Mickelson, S AF Dvorak, M Taylor, J Mickelson, S BE Sloot, P Tan, CJK Dongarra, JJ Hoekstra, AG TI Designing a flexible grid enabled scientific modeling interface SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE-ICCS 2002, PT II, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science CY APR 21-24, 2002 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SP Univ Amsterdam, Sect Computat Sci, SHARCNET, Canada, Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Power Comp & Commun BV, Elsevier Sci Publ, Springer Verlag, HPCN Fdn, Natl Supercomp Facilities, Sun Microsyst Inc, Queens Univ, Sch Comp Sci AB The Espresso Scientific Modeling Interface (Espresso) is a scientific model productivity tool developed for climate modelers. Espresso was designed to be an extensible interface to both scientific models and Grid resources. It also aims to be a contemporary piece of software that relies on Globus.org's Java CoG Kit for a Grid toolkit, Sun's Java 2 API and is configured using XML. This article covers the design and implementation of Espresso's Grid functionality and how it interacts with existing scientific models. We give specific examples of how we have designed Espresso to perform climate simulations using the PSU/NCAR MM5 atmospheric model. Plans to incorporate the CCSM and FOAM climate models are also discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Dvorak, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Taylor, John/E-5894-2010 OI Taylor, John/0000-0001-9003-4076 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-43593-X J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2330 BP 777 EP 786 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BW26C UT WOS:000181351000082 ER PT S AU Wilde, T Kohl, JA Flanery, RE AF Wilde, T Kohl, JA Flanery, RE BE Sloot, P Tan, CJK Dongarra, JJ Hoekstra, AG TI Integrating CUMULVS into AVS/Express SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE-ICCS 2002, PT II, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science CY APR 21-24, 2002 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SP Univ Amsterdam, Sect Computat Sci, SHARCNET, Canada, Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Power Comp & Commun BV, Elsevier Sci Publ, Springer Verlag, HPCN Fdn, Natl Supercomp Facilities, Sun Microsyst Inc, Queens Univ, Sch Comp Sci DE scientific visualization; CUMULVS; AVS/Express; component-based design AB This paper discusses the development of a CUMULVS interface for runtime data visualization using the AVS/Express commercial Visualization environment. The CUMULVS (Collaborative, User Migration, User Library for Visualization and Steering) system, developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, is an essential platform for interacting with bigh-performance scientific simulation programs on-the-fly. It provides run-time visualization of data while they are being computed, as well as coordinated computational steering, application-directed checkpointing and fault recovery mechanisms, and rudimentary model coupling functions. CUMULVS primarily consists of two distinct but cooperative libraries, an application library and a viewer library. The application library allows instrumentation of scientific simulations to describe distributed data fields, and the viewer library interacts with this application side to dynamically attach-and then extract and assemble sequences of data snapshots for use in front-end visualization tools. A development strategy will be presented for integrating and using CUMULVS in AVS/Express, including discussion of the various objects, modules, macros and user interfaces. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wilde, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-43593-X J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2330 BP 864 EP 873 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BW26C UT WOS:000181351000091 ER PT S AU Naumann, U AF Naumann, U BE Sloot, P Tan, CJK Dongarra, JJ Hoekstra, AG TI Reducing the memory requirement in reverse mode automatic differentiation by solving TBR flow equations SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE-ICCS 2002, PT II, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science CY APR 21-24, 2002 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SP Univ Amsterdam, Sect Computat Sci, SHARCNET, Canada, Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Power Comp & Commun BV, Elsevier Sci Publ, Springer Verlag, HPCN Fdn, Natl Supercomp Facilities, Sun Microsyst Inc, Queens Univ, Sch Comp Sci AB The fast computation of gradients in reverse mode Automatic Differentiation (AD) requires the generation of adjoint versions of every statement in the original code. Due to the resulting reversal of the control flow certain intermediate values have to be made available in reverse order to compute the local partial derivatives. This can be achieved by storing these values or by recomputing them when they become required. In any case one is interested in minimizing the size of this set. Following an extensive introduction of the "To-Be-Recorded" (TBR) problem we will present flow equations for propagating the TBR status of variables in the context of reverse mode AD of structured programs. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Naumann, U (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-43593-X J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2330 BP 1039 EP 1048 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BW26C UT WOS:000181351000109 ER PT S AU Hovland, P Norris, B Smith, B AF Hovland, P Norris, B Smith, B BE Sloot, P Tan, CJK Dongarra, JJ Hoekstra, AG TI Making automatic differentiation truly automatic: Coupling PETSc with ADIC SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE-ICCS 2002, PT II, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science CY APR 21-24, 2002 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SP Univ Amsterdam, Sect Computat Sci, SHARCNET, Canada, Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Power Comp & Commun BV, Elsevier Sci Publ, Springer Verlag, HPCN Fdn, Natl Supercomp Facilities, Sun Microsyst Inc, Queens Univ, Sch Comp Sci AB Despite its name, automatic differentiation (AD) is often far from an automatic process. Often one must specify independent and dependent variables, indicate the derivative quantities to be computed, and perhaps even provide information about the structure of the Jacobians or Hessians being computed., However, when AD is used in conjunction with a toolkit with well-defined interfaces, many of these issues do not arise. We describe recent research into coupling the ADIC automatic differentiation tool with PETSc, a toolkit for the parallel numerical solution of PDEs. This research leverages the interfaces and objects of PETSc to make the AD process very nearly transparent. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hovland, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-43593-X J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2330 BP 1087 EP 1096 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BW26C UT WOS:000181351000114 ER PT S AU Shishlo, A Holmes, J Danilov, V AF Shishlo, A Holmes, J Danilov, V BE Sloot, P Tan, CJK Dongarra, JJ Hoekstra, AG TI Parallel algorithms for collective processes in high intensity rings SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE-ICCS 2002, PT III, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science CY APR 21-24, 2002 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SP Univ Amsterdam, Sect Computat Sci, SHARCNET, Canada, Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Power Comp & Commun BV, Elsevier Sci Publ, Springer Verlag, HPCN Fdn, Natl Supercomp Facilities, Sun Microsyst Inc, Queens Univ, Sch Comp Sci AB Computational three-dimensional space charge (3DSC) and wake field force algorithms were developed and implemented into the ORBrr computer code to simulate the dynamics of present and planned high intensity rings, such as PSR, Fermilab Booster, AGS Booster, Spallation Neutron Source (SNS), and proton driver. To provide affordable simulation times, the 3DSC algorithm developed for ORBrr has been parallelized and implemented as a separate module into the UAL 1.0 library, which supports a parallel environment based on MPI. The details of these algorithms and their parallel implementation are presented, and results demonstrating the scaling with problem size and number of processors are discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, SNS Project, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Shishlo, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, SNS Project, 701 Scarboro Rd,MS-6473, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-43594-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2331 BP 325 EP 333 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BW26D UT WOS:000181351200034 ER PT S AU Wilson, B Ma, KL Qiang, J Ryne, R AF Wilson, B Ma, KL Qiang, J Ryne, R BE Sloot, P Tan, CJK Dongarra, JJ Hoekstra, AG TI Interactive visualization of particle beams for accelerator design SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE-ICCS 2002, PT III, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science CY APR 21-24, 2002 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SP Univ Amsterdam, Sect Computat Sci, SHARCNET, Canada, Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Power Comp & Commun BV, Elsevier Sci Publ, Springer Verlag, HPCN Fdn, Natl Supercomp Facilities, Sun Microsyst Inc, Queens Univ, Sch Comp Sci AB We describe a hybrid data-representation and rendering technique for visualizing large-scale particle data generated from numerical modeling of beam dynamics. The basis of the technique is mixing volume rendering and point rendering according to particle density distribution, visibility, and the user's instruction. A hierarchical representation of the data is created on a parallel computer, allowing real-time partitioning into high-density areas for volume rendering, and low-density areas for point rendering. This allows the beam to be interactively visualized while preserving the fine structure usually visible only with slow point-based rendering techniques. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Comp Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wilson, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Comp Sci, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-43594-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2331 BP 352 EP 361 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BW26D UT WOS:000181351200037 ER PT S AU Biryukov, V Drees, A Fliller, RP Malitsky, N Trbojevic, D AF Biryukov, V Drees, A Fliller, RP Malitsky, N Trbojevic, D BE Sloot, P Tan, CJK Dongarra, JJ Hoekstra, AG TI Tracking particles in accelerator optics with crystal elements SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE-ICCS 2002, PT III, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science CY APR 21-24, 2002 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SP Univ Amsterdam, Sect Computat Sci, SHARCNET, Canada, Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Power Comp & Commun BV, Elsevier Sci Publ, Springer Verlag, HPCN Fdn, Natl Supercomp Facilities, Sun Microsyst Inc, Queens Univ, Sch Comp Sci ID EXTRACTION AB Bent channeling crystals as elements of accelerator optics with extreme, 1000-Tesla intracrystalline fields can find many applications in accelerator world from TeV down to MeV energies. Situated in accelerator ring, they serve for beam scraping or extraction, e.g. in RHIC and IHEP U70. Crystal itself is a miniature beamline with its own "strong focusing", beam loss mechanisms etc. We describe the algorithms implemented in the computer code CATCH used for simulation of particle channeling through crystal lattices and report the results of tracking with 100-GeV/u An ions in RHIC and with 70-GeV and 1-GeV protons in U70. Recent success of IHEP where a tiny, 2-mm Si crystal has channeled a 10(12) p/s beam of 70-GeV protons out of the ring with efficiency 85% followed the prediction of computer model. C1 IHEP, RU-142284 Protvino, Russia. BNL, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Biryukov, V (reprint author), IHEP, RU-142284 Protvino, Russia. OI Biryukov, Valery/0000-0002-3591-7762 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-43594-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2331 BP 372 EP 380 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BW26D UT WOS:000181351200039 ER PT S AU Samulyak, R AF Samulyak, R BE Sloot, P Tan, CJK Dongarra, JJ Hoekstra, AG TI Numerical simulation of hydro- and magnetohydrodynamic processes in the Muon collider target SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE-ICCS 2002, PT III, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science CY APR 21-24, 2002 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SP Univ Amsterdam, Sect Computat Sci, SHARCNET, Canada, Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Power Comp & Commun BV, Elsevier Sci Publ, Springer Verlag, HPCN Fdn, Natl Supercomp Facilities, Sun Microsyst Inc, Queens Univ, Sch Comp Sci ID FRONT TRACKING AB We have developed numerical methods and performed numerical simulations of the proposed Muon Collider target. The target will be designed as a pulsed jet of mercury interacting with strong proton beams in a 20 Tesla magnetic field. A numerical approach based oil the method of front tracking for numerical simulation of magnetohydrodynamic flows in discontinuous media was implemented in FronTier, a hydrodynamics code with free interface support. The FronTier-MHD code was used to study the evolution of the mercury jet in the target magnet system. To model accurately the interaction of the mercury target with proton pulses, a realistic equation of state for mercury was created in a wide-temperature-pressure domain. The mercury target proton pulse interaction was simulated during 120 microseconds. Simulations predict that the mercury target will be broken into a set of droplets with velocities in the range 20 - 60 m/sec. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Data Intens Comp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Samulyak, R (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Data Intens Comp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-43594-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2331 BP 391 EP 400 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BW26D UT WOS:000181351200041 ER PT S AU Falgout, RD Yang, UM AF Falgout, RD Yang, UM BE Sloot, P Tan, CJK Dongarra, JJ Hoekstra, AG TI hypre: A library of high performance preconditioners SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE-ICCS 2002, PT III, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science CY APR 21-24, 2002 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SP Univ Amsterdam, Sect Computat Sci, SHARCNET, Canada, Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Power Comp & Commun BV, Elsevier Sci Publ, Springer Verlag, HPCN Fdn, Natl Supercomp Facilities, Sun Microsyst Inc, Queens Univ, Sch Comp Sci ID APPROXIMATE INVERSE PRECONDITIONERS; PRIORI SPARSITY PATTERNS; PARALLEL ALGORITHM AB hypre is a software library for the solution of large, sparse linear systems on massively parallel computers. Its emphasis is on modern powerful and scalable preconditioners. hypre provides various conceptual interfaces to enable application users to access the library in the way they naturally think about their problems. This paper presents the conceptual interfaces in hypre. An overview of the preconditioners that are available in hypre is given, including some numerical results that show the efficiency of the library. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Falgout, RD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, POB 808,L-560, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 22 TC 166 Z9 168 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-43594-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2331 BP 632 EP 641 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BW26D UT WOS:000181351200066 ER PT S AU Douglas, CC Hu, J Ray, J Thorne, D Tuminaro, R AF Douglas, CC Hu, J Ray, J Thorne, D Tuminaro, R BE Sloot, P Tan, CJK Dongarra, JJ Hoekstra, AG TI Fast, adaptively refined computational elements in 3D SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE-ICCS 2002, PT III, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science CY APR 21-24, 2002 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SP Univ Amsterdam, Sect Computat Sci, SHARCNET, Canada, Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Power Comp & Commun BV, Elsevier Sci Publ, Springer Verlag, HPCN Fdn, Natl Supercomp Facilities, Sun Microsyst Inc, Queens Univ, Sch Comp Sci ID EQUATIONS AB We describe a multilevel adaptive grid refinement package designed to provide a high performance, serial or parallel patch class for use in PDE solvers. We provide a high level description algorithmically with mathematical motivation. The C++ code uses cache aware data structures and automatically load balances. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Comp Sci, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Comp Sci, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Douglas, CC (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Comp Sci, 325 McVey Hall, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-43594-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2331 BP 774 EP 783 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BW26D UT WOS:000181351200080 ER PT J AU Pascucci, V AF Pascucci, V TI Slow growing subdivision (SGS) in any dimension: Towards removing the curse of dimensionality SO COMPUTER GRAPHICS FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual Conference of the Eurographics-Association CY SEP 02-06, 2002 CL SAARBRUCKEN, GERMANY SP Eurograph Assoc DE curve; surface; solid; and object representations; Volumetric meshes; recursive subdivision methods ID SURFACES AB In recent years subdivision methods have been one of the most successful techniques applied to the multi-resolution representation and visualization of surface meshes. Extension these techniques to the volumetric case would enable their use in a broad class of applications including solid modeling, scientific visualization and mesh generation. Unfortunately, major challenges remain unsolved both in the generalization of the combinatorial structure of the refinement procedure and in the analysis of the smoothness of the limit mesh. In this paper we mainly tackle the first part of the problem introducing a subdivision scheme that generalizes to 3D and higher dimensional meshes without the excessive vertex proliferation typical of tensor-product refinements. The main four qualities of our subdivision procedure are: (i) the rate of refinement does not grow with the dimension of the mesh, (ii) adaptive refinement of the mesh is possible without introducing special temporary cell decompositions, (iii) the cells of the base meshes can have virtually unrestricted topology, and (iv) "sharp",features of different dimensions can be incorporated naturally. We use a narrow averaging mask that is applied to the vertices of the mesh and/or to eventual functions defined on the mesh. The general study of the limit smoothness of the approach requires new analysis techniques that are beyond the scope of this paper. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermoore, CA USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermoore, CA USA. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0167-7055 EI 1467-8659 J9 COMPUT GRAPH FORUM JI Comput. Graph. Forum PY 2002 VL 21 IS 3 SI SI BP 451 EP + DI 10.1111/1467-8659.00605 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 593ZT UT WOS:000178024900028 ER PT J AU Adjerid, S Devine, KD Flaherty, JE Krivodonova, L AF Adjerid, S Devine, KD Flaherty, JE Krivodonova, L TI A posteriori error estimation for discontinuous Galerkin solutions of hyperbolic problems SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE discontinuous Galerkin methods; a posteriori error estimation; hyperbolic systems; superconvergence ID FINITE-ELEMENT METHOD; CONSERVATION-LAWS; PARALLEL; REFINEMENT; EQUATIONS AB We analyze the spatial discretization errors associated with solutions of one-dimensional hyperbolic conservation laws by discontinuous Galerkin methods (DGMs) in space. We show that the leading term of the spatial discretization error with piecewise polynomial approximations of degree p is proportional to a Radau polynomial of degree p + 1 on each element. We also prove that the local and global discretization errors are O(Deltax(2(p+1))) and O(Deltax(2p+1)) at the downwind point of each element. This strong superconvergence enables us to show that local and global discretization errors converge as O(Deltax(p-2)) at the remaining roots of Radau polynomial of degree p + 1 on each element. Convergence of local and global discretization errors to the Radau polynomial of degree p + 1 also holds for smooth solutions as p --> infinity. These results are used to construct asymptotically correct a posteriori estimates of spatial discretization errors that are effective for linear and nonlinear conservation laws in regions where solutions are smooth. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Comp Sci, Sci Comp Res Ctr, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Math, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Parallel Comp Sci Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Flaherty, JE (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Comp Sci, Sci Comp Res Ctr, 110 8th St,Comp Sci 104, Troy, NY 12180 USA. NR 24 TC 122 Z9 129 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2002 VL 191 IS 11-12 BP 1097 EP 1112 DI 10.1016/S0045-7825(01)00318-8 PG 16 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 512CR UT WOS:000173304000002 ER PT J AU Kammer, DC Alvin, KF Malkus, DS AF Kammer, DC Alvin, KF Malkus, DS TI Combining metamodels with rational function representations of discretization error for uncertainty quantification SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE finite element; high-consequence systems; extrapolation to h=0; decoupled Monte Carlo AB Techniques for producing metamodels for the efficient Monte Carlo simulation of high consequence systems are presented. The bias of f.e.m mesh discretization errors is eliminated or minimized by extrapolation, using rational functions, rather than the power series representation of Richardson extrapolation. Examples, including estimation of the vibrational frequency of a one-dimensional bar, show that the rational function model gives more accurate estimates using fewer terms than Richardson extrapolation, an important consideration for computational reliability assessment of high-consequence systems, where small biases in solutions can significantly affect the accuracy of small-magnitude probability estimates. Rational function representation of discretization error enable the user to accurately extrapolate to the continuum from numerical experiments performed outside the asymptotic region of the usual power series, allowing use of coarser meshes in the numerical experiments, resulting in significant savings. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kammer, DC (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, 539 Eng Res Bldg,1500 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2002 VL 191 IS 13-14 BP 1367 EP 1379 DI 10.1016/S0045-7825(01)00328-0 PG 13 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 520GC UT WOS:000173771800005 ER PT J AU Kammer, DC Alvin, KF AF Kammer, DC Alvin, KF TI Component metamodel synthesis for the construction of master response surfaces SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE response surface; metamodel; model averaging AB Response surfaces or metamodels have long been used as cost effective surrogates for complex numerical simulations or as analytical representations of experimental data. In standard practice, a single analytical model is used within a simulation or fit to experimental data. In reality, several different models may be appropriate for consideration. A new method is presented for combining a set of alternative metamodels into a single master response surface or Super-Metamodel (SM) that is valid over all of input parameter space, The SM is formed as a linear combination of competing component metamodels where each model is weighted by its predicted probability. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Struct Dynam & Vibrat Control, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kammer, DC (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, 539 Engn Res Bldg,1500 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2002 VL 191 IS 41-42 BP 4555 EP 4568 AR PII S0045-7825(02)00353-5 DI 10.1016/S0045-7825(02)00353-5 PG 14 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 602LH UT WOS:000178506400002 ER PT S AU Creutz, M AF Creutz, M BE Landau, DP Lewis, SP Schuttler, HB TI Chiral symmetry versus the lattice SO COMPUTER SIMULATION STUDIES IN CONDENSED-MATTER PHYSICS XIV SE Springer Proceedings in Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual Workshop on Computer Simulation Studies in Condensed-Matter Physics CY FEB 19-24, 2001 CL UNIV GEORGIA, CTR SIMULAT PHYS, ATHENS, GA HO UNIV GEORGIA, CTR SIMULAT PHYS ID GAUGE-THEORIES; FERMIONS; ANOMALIES; REGULARIZATION; OVERLAP; STATES AB After mentioning some of the difficulties arising in lattice gauge theory from chiral symmetry, I discuss one of the recent attempts to resolve these issues using fermionic surface states in an extra space-time dimension. This picture can be understood in terms of end states on a simple ladder molecule. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0930-8989 BN 3-540-42848-8 J9 SPRINGER PROC PHYS PY 2002 VL 89 BP 169 EP 181 PG 13 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BV05K UT WOS:000177690600022 ER PT S AU Malladi, R Ravve, I AF Malladi, R Ravve, I BE Heyden, A Sparr, G Nielsen, M Johansen, P TI Fast difference schemes for edge enhancing Beltrami flow SO COMPUTER VISON - ECCV 2002, PT 1 SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV 2002) CY MAY 28-31, 2002 CL COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SP IT Univ Copenhagen, Univ Copenhagen, Lund Univ DE Beltrami flow; unconditionally stable schemes; color images; segmentation ID CURVATURE; ALGORITHMS; DIFFUSION AB The Beltrami flow [13,14] is one of the most effective denoising algorithms in image processing. For gray-level images, we show that the Beltrami flow equation can be arranged in a reaction-diffusion form. This reveals the edge-enhancing properties of the equation and suggests the application of additive operator split (AOS) methods [4,5] for faster convergence. As we show with numerical simulations, the AOS method results in an unconditionally stable semi-implicit linearized difference scheme in 2D and 3D. The values of the edge indicator function are used from the previous step in scale, while the pixel values of the next step are used to approximate the flow. The optimum ratio between the reaction and diffusion counterparts of the governing PDE is studied, in order to achieve a better quality of segmentation. The computational time decreases by a factor of ten, as compared to the explicit scheme. For 2D color images, the Beltrami flow equations are coupled, and do not yield readily to the AOS technique. However, in the proximity of an edge, the cross-products of color gradients nearly vanish, and the coupling becomes weak. The principal directions of the edge indicator matrix are normal and tangent to the edge. Replacing the action of the matrix on the gradient vector by an action of its eigenvalue, we reduce the color problem to the gray level case with a reasonable accuracy. The scalar edge indicator function for the color case becomes essentially the same as that for the gray level image, and the fast implicit technique is implemented. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Malladi, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Comp Sci, Mail Stop 50A-1148,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-43745-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2350 BP 343 EP 357 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BX81B UT WOS:000186500200023 ER PT J AU Schultz, E AF Schultz, E TI The sorry state of law enforcement SO COMPUTERS & SECURITY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Elsevier Sci, Oxford OX5 1AS, England. Purdue Univ, Dept Comp Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Schultz, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley Lab, 1 cyclotron Rd,MS 50A-3111, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0167-4048 J9 COMPUT SECUR JI Comput. Secur. PY 2002 VL 21 IS 4 BP 290 EP 292 DI 10.1016/S0167-4048(02)00401-7 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 570KR UT WOS:000176657900001 ER PT J AU Schultz, EE AF Schultz, EE TI Taking a stand on hackers SO COMPUTERS & SECURITY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Elsevier Sci, Oxford OX5 1AS, England. Purdue Univ, Dept Comp Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Schultz, EE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 50A-3111, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Spafford, Eugene/Q-1244-2015 OI Spafford, Eugene/0000-0002-5555-8330 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0167-4048 J9 COMPUT SECUR JI Comput. Secur. PY 2002 VL 21 IS 5 BP 382 EP 384 DI 10.1016/S0167-4048(02)00501-1 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 580PQ UT WOS:000177243300001 ER PT J AU Schultz, E AF Schultz, E TI The revenger's tragedy SO COMPUTERS & SECURITY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schultz, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 50A-3111, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0167-4048 J9 COMPUT SECUR JI Comput. Secur. PY 2002 VL 21 IS 6 BP 478 EP 480 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 603KN UT WOS:000178558600001 ER PT J AU Schultz, EE AF Schultz, EE TI A framework for understanding and predicting insider attacks SO COMPUTERS & SECURITY LA English DT Article DE insider; insider attacks; insider attack prediction; insider attack detection; insider threat; attack indicators AB In this paper an insider attack is considered to be deliberate misuse by those who are authorized to use computers and networks. Applying this definition in real-life settings to determine whether or not an attack was caused by an insider is often, however, anything but straightforward. We know very little about insider attacks, and misconceptions concerning insider attacks abound. The belief that "most attacks come from inside" is held by many information security professionals, for example, even though empirical statistics and firewaU togs indicate otherwise. This paper presents a framework based on previous studies and models of insider behavior as well as first-hand experience in dealing with insider attacks. This framework defines relevant types of insider attack-related behaviors and symptoms-"indicators" that include deliberate markers, meaningful errors, preparatory behaviors, correlated usage patterns, verbal behavior and personality traits. From these sets of indicators, clues can be pieced together to predict and detect an attack. The presence of numerous small clues necessitates the use of quantitative methods; multiple regression equations appear to be a particularly promising approach for quantifying prediction. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Schultz, EE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 12 TC 62 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0167-4048 J9 COMPUT SECUR JI Comput. Secur. PY 2002 VL 21 IS 6 BP 526 EP 531 DI 10.1016/S0167-4048(02)01009-X PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 603KN UT WOS:000178558600024 ER PT J AU Schultz, EE AF Schultz, EE TI The US Government - bigger and better information security? SO COMPUTERS & SECURITY LA English DT Editorial Material AB For years the US Government has shown little progress in its cybersecurity efforts. It has produced a plethora of documents-the "Rainbow Series," Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) and Office of Management and Budget (OMB) directives, agency-specific orders and handbooks, and so forth, as well as special positions, committees, councils, and commissions changed with investigating and fixing security problems. The General Accounting Office (GAO), which audits federal systems, often produces scathing findings. But the actual level of security within US Government systems and networks has not changed much over time. Attackers have historically been able to freely prey on US Government systems; this is still very much true. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schultz, EE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 50A-3111, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0167-4048 J9 COMPUT SECUR JI Comput. Secur. PY 2002 VL 21 IS 7 BP 578 EP 580 DI 10.1016/S0167-4048(02)01101-X PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 615WT UT WOS:000179270900001 ER PT J AU Johnston, WE AF Johnston, WE TI The computing and data grid approach: Infrastructure for distributed science applications SO COMPUTING AND INFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE Computing and Data Grids; distributed computing; distributed science applications AB Grid technology has evolved over the past several years to provide the services and infrastructure needed for building "virtual" systems and organizations. With this Grid based infrastructure that provides for using and managing widely distributed computing and data resources in the science environment, there is now an opportunity to provide a standard, large-scale, computing, data, instrument, and collaboration environment for science that spans many different projects, institutions, and countries. We argue that Grid technology provides an excellent basis for the creation of the integrated environments that can combine the resources needed to support the large-scale science projects located at multiple laboratories and universities. We also present some science case studies that indicate that a paradigm shift in the process of science will come about as a result of Grids providing transparent and secure access to advanced and integrated information and technologies infrastructure: powerful computing systems, large-scale data archives, scientific instruments, and collaboration tools. These changes will be in the form of Grid based services that can be integrated with the user's work environment, and that enable uniform and highly capable access to these computers, data, and instruments, regardless of the location or exact nature of these resources. These services will integrate transient-use resources like computing systems, scientific instruments, and data caches (e.g., as they are needed to perform a simulation or analyze data from a single experiment); persistent-use resources, such as databases, data catalogues, and archives; and collaborators, whose involvement will continue for the lifetime of a project or longer. While we largely address large-scale science requirements in this paper, Grids, particularly when combined with Web Services, will address a broad spectrum of science scenarios, both large and small scale, as well as various commercial and cultural cyberinfrastructure applications. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Johnston, WE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MS 50B-2239, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLOVAK ACADEMY SCIENCES INST INFORMATICS PI BRATISLAVA PA DUBRAVSKA CESTA 9, 84237 BRATISLAVA, SLOVAKIA SN 1335-9150 J9 COMPUT INFORM JI Comput. Inform. PY 2002 VL 21 IS 4 BP 293 EP 319 PG 27 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 660RU UT WOS:000181847400002 ER PT J AU Snelling, D van den Berghe, S von Laszewski, G Wieder, P Breuer, D MacLaren, J Nicole, D Hoppe, HC AF Snelling, D van den Berghe, S von Laszewski, G Wieder, P Breuer, D MacLaren, J Nicole, D Hoppe, HC TI A UNICORE Globus interoperability layer SO COMPUTING AND INFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE Grid; Unicore; Globus; interoperability AB For several years, UNICORE and Globus have co-existed as approaches to exploiting what has become known as the "Grid". Both offer many services beneficial for creating and using production Grids. A cooperative approach, providing interoperability between Globus and UNICORE, would result in an advanced set of Grid services that gain strength from each other. This paper outlines some of these parallels and differences as they relate to the development of an interoperability layer between UNICORE and Globus. Given the increasing ubiquity of Globus, what emerges is the desire for a hybridised facility that utilises the UNICORE work-flow management of complex, multi-site tasks, but that can run on either UNICORE- or Globus-enabled resources. The technical challenge in achieving this, addressed in this paper, consists of mapping resource descriptions from both grid environments to an abstract format appropriate to work-flow preparation, and then the instantiation of work-flow tasks on the target systems. Other issues such as reconciling disparate security models and file transfer support are also addressed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Southampton, Southampton SO9 5NH, Hants, England. RI von Laszewski, Gregor/C-2808-2012 OI von Laszewski, Gregor/0000-0001-9558-179X NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLOVAK ACADEMY SCIENCES INST INFORMATICS PI BRATISLAVA PA DUBRAVSKA CESTA 9, 84237 BRATISLAVA, SLOVAKIA SN 1335-9150 J9 COMPUT INFORM JI Comput. Inform. PY 2002 VL 21 IS 4 BP 399 EP 411 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 660RU UT WOS:000181847400008 ER PT J AU Xu, Y Xu, D Kim, D Olman, V Razumovskaya, J Jiang, T AF Xu, Y Xu, D Kim, D Olman, V Razumovskaya, J Jiang, T TI Automated assignment of backbone NMR peaks using constrained bipartite matching SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN NMR; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; ALGORITHM; PREDICTION; SPECTRA; PROGRAM C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Prot Informat Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Xu, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Prot Informat Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Kim, Dongsup/C-1612-2011 NR 37 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 4 IS 1 BP 50 EP 62 DI 10.1109/5992.976437 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 505KK UT WOS:000172911800009 ER PT B AU Kazmerski, LL AF Kazmerski, LL GP IEEE IEEE TI Photovoltaics R&D in the United States: Positioning for our future SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-NINTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 19-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID FILM AB This paper provides a. brief look at the current U.S. research and development (R&D) investments in photovoltaics, covering the spectrum from materials and devices through electronics and systems. reliability. The program is balanced among fundamental R&D, technology development, and systems performance and reliability, with more than half the funding for university and industry partners. The major activities can be categorized into two general areas: improving current and near-term technologies toward their expected performance levels (the largest portion), and positioning the United-States for technical leadership, decision. making, and ownership for the host of next-technology options (including some options that have been called third-gene ration). The investments in these higher risk, longer-term technology generations provide options that could leapfrog into more rapid use because of their promise of potentially high payoff. Solar electricity is part of America's present and future energy security and independence-as is the R&D that enables it. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kazmerski, LL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7471-1 PY 2002 BP 21 EP 27 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190447 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW41E UT WOS:000181924600003 ER PT B AU Warner, C King, R Nahan, R Eastment, M AF Warner, C King, R Nahan, R Eastment, M GP IEEE IEEE TI Solar decathlon: Collegiate challenge to build the future SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-NINTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 19-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB A new collegiate competition, called the Solar Decathlon, is under way. Fourteen teams from colleges and universities across the United States, including Puerto Rico, will assemble on the National Mail in Washington, DC, in late September 2002. They will compete to capture, convert, store, and use enough solar energy to power small, solar-powered, energy-efficient homes that they have designed, built, and transported to the site. Solar Decathletes will be required to provide all the energy for an entire household, including a home-based business and the transportation needs of the household and business. During the event, only the solar energy available within the perimeter of each house may be used to generate the power needed to compete in the ten Solar Decathlon contests. The event is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, and private-sector partners BP Solar, American Institute of Architects, Electronic Data Systems, and Home Depot. C1 NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Warner, C (reprint author), NREL, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7471-1 PY 2002 BP 44 EP 48 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190452 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW41E UT WOS:000181924600008 ER PT B AU Wang, TH Ciszek, TF Page, MR Bauer, RE Wang, Q Landry, MD AF Wang, TH Ciszek, TF Page, MR Bauer, RE Wang, Q Landry, MD GP IEEE IEEE TI APIVT-grown silicon thin layers and PV devices SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-NINTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 19-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB Large-grained (5-20 mum) polycrystalline silicon layers have been grown at intermediate temperatures of 750degrees-950degreesC directly on foreign substrates without a seeding layer by iodine vapor transport at atmospheric pressure with rates as high as 3 mum/min. A model is constructed to explain the atypical temperature dependence of growth rate. We have also used this technique to grow high-quality epitaxial layers on heavily doped CZ-Si and on upgraded MG-Si substrates. Possible solar cell structures of thin-layer polycrystalline silicon on foreign substrates with light trapping have been examined, compared, and optimized by two-dimensional device simulations. The effects of grain boundary recombination on device performance are presented, for two grain sizes of 2 and 20 gm. We found that 10(4) cm/s recombination velocity is adequate for 20-mum grain-sized thin, silicon, whereas a very low recombination velocity of 103 cm/s must be accomplished in order to achieve reasonable performance for a 2-mum grain-sized polycrystalline silicon device. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wang, TH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7471-1 PY 2002 BP 94 EP 97 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190464 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW41E UT WOS:000181924600020 ER PT B AU Ruby, DS Zaidi, SH Narayanan, S Bathey, B Yamanaka, S Balanga, R AF Ruby, DS Zaidi, SH Narayanan, S Bathey, B Yamanaka, S Balanga, R GP IEEE IEEE TI RIE-texturing of industrial multicrystalline silicon solar-cells SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-NINTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 19-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB We developed a maskless plasma texturing technique for multicrystalline Si (mc-Si) cells using Reactive Ion Etching (RIE) that results in higher cell performance than that of standard untextured cells. Elimination of plasma damage has been achieved while keeping front reflectance to low levels. Internal quantum efficiencies higher than those on planar and wet-textured cells have been obtained, boosting cell currents and efficiencies by up to 6% on tricrystalline Si cells.. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ruby, DS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7471-1 PY 2002 BP 146 EP 149 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190477 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW41E UT WOS:000181924600033 ER PT B AU Gee, JM AF Gee, JM GP IEEE IEEE TI Optically enhanced absorption in thin silicon layers using photonic crystals SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-NINTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 19-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID SOLAR-CELLS; MACROPOROUS SILICON AB Yablonovitch derived a limit to enhancement in optical absorption in the weak absorption regime for a textured solar cell of 4n(2), where n is the refractive index of the medium. This limit assumes that the incident rays experience full randomization inside the medium so that all the photonic states are filled equally. We demonstrate that this statistical limit can be exceeded over a limited spectral and angular range using photonic structures. We theoretically examine the use of photonic crystals to improve the optical absorption., Photonic crystals have a periodic modulation of the refractive index that alters the photonic density of states. A simple model of a silicon photonic crystal is presented in order to illustrate the,possible optical enhancement in thin silicon layers. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gee, JM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7471-1 PY 2002 BP 150 EP 153 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190478 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW41E UT WOS:000181924600034 ER PT B AU Ciszek, TF Wang, TH Page, MR Bauer, RE Landry, MD AF Ciszek, TF Wang, TH Page, MR Bauer, RE Landry, MD GP IEEE IEEE TI Solar-grade silicon from metallurgical-grade silicon via iodine chemical vapor transport purification SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-NINTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 19-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB In an atmospheric-pressure "open" reactor, Sil(2) transfers from a hot (>1100degreesC) Si source to a cooler (>750degreesC) Si substrate and decomposes easily via 2Sil(2) --> Si + Sil(4) with up to 5mum/min deposition rate. Sil(4) returns to cyclically transport more Si. When the source is metallurgicalgrade Si, impurities can be effectively removed by three mechanisms: (1) differing free energies of formation in forming silicon and impurity iodides; (2) distillation; and (3) differing standard free energies of formation during deposition. Distillation has been previously reported. Here, we focused on mechanisms (1) and (3). We made feedstock, analyzed the impurity levels, grew Czochralski single crystals, and evaluated crystal and photovoltaic properties. Cell efficiencies of 9.5% were obtained. Incorporating distillation (step 2) should increase this to a viable level. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ciszek, TF (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7471-1 PY 2002 BP 206 EP 209 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190492 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW41E UT WOS:000181924600048 ER PT B AU Ciszek, TF Page, MR Wang, TH Casey, JA AF Ciszek, TF Page, MR Wang, TH Casey, JA GP IEEE IEEE TI Float-zone and Czochralski crystal growth and diagnostic solar-cell evaluation of a new solar-grade feedstock source SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-NINTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 19-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB Czochralski (CZ) and float-zone (FZ) crystals were grown from experimental solar-grade silicon (SoG-Si) feedstock materials developed by Crystal Systems. The materials were metallurgical-grade Si and highly boron-doped p-type electronic-grade Si (EG-Si) reject material, both of which were gaseous melt-treated to remove boron. Crystal growth observations, lifetime and impurity characterization of the grown crystals, and device performance of wafers from them are presented. Devices made directly on treated high-B EG-Si feedstock have a little over half the efficiency of devices made from control CZ samples. However, devices on CZ and FZ crystals grown from the treated high-B EG-Si feedstock have comparable PV performance (14.0% and 13.8% efficiency, respectively) to that of CZ control samples (14.1%). C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ciszek, TF (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7471-1 PY 2002 BP 210 EP 213 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190493 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW41E UT WOS:000181924600049 ER PT B AU Sopori, BL Zhang, Y Reedy, R AF Sopori, BL Zhang, Y Reedy, R GP IEEE IEEE TI H diffusion for impurity and defect passivation: A physical model for solar cell processing SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-NINTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 19-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID HYDROGEN DIFFUSION; N-TYPE; P-TYPE; SILICON; SI AB We propose a physical model for diffusion of H in Si containing impurities and defects. The diffusion occurs via several parallel mechanisms, involving complex formation (trapping) and dissociation (detrapping) at impurities and defects, hopping in lattice interstitial sites, and chargestate conversion. The role of bulk and process-induced traps is considered to explain observations from plasma, ion implantation, and PECVD-nitridation processes. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Sopori, BL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7471-1 PY 2002 BP 222 EP 226 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190496 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW41E UT WOS:000181924600052 ER PT B AU Ullal, HS Zweibel, K von Roedern, B AF Ullal, HS Zweibel, K von Roedern, B GP IEEE IEEE TI Polycrystalline thin film photovoltaics: Research, development, and technologies SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-NINTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 19-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB II-VI binary thin-film solar cells based on cadmium telluride (CdTe) and I-III-VI ternary thin-film solar cells based on. copper indium diselenide (CIS) and related materials have been the subject of intense research and development in the past few years. Substantial progress has been made thus far in the area of materials research, device fabrication, and technology development, and numerous applications based on CdTe and CIS have been deployed worldwide. World record efficiency of 16.5% has been achieved by NREL scientists for a thin-film CdTe solar cell using a modified device structure. Also, NREL scientists achieved world-record efficiency of 21.1% for a thin-film CIGS solar cell under a 14X concentration and AM1.5 global spectrum. When measured under a AM1.5 direct spectrum, the efficiency increases to 21.5%. Pathways for achieving 25% efficiency for tandem polycrystalline thin-film solar cells are elucidated. R&D issues relating to CdTe and CIS are reported in this paper, such as contact stability and accelerated life testing in CdTe, and effects of mositure ingress in thin-film CIS devices. Substantial technology development is currently under way. with various groups reporting power module efficiencies in the range of 7.0% to 12.1% and power output of 40.0 to 92.5 W. A number of lessons learned during the scale-up activities of the technology development for fabrication of thin-film power modules are discussed. The major global players actively involved in the technology development and commercialization efforts using both rigid and flexible power modules are highlighted. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ullal, HS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7471-1 PY 2002 BP 472 EP 477 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190562 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW41E UT WOS:000181924600116 ER PT B AU Dhere, R Wu, XZ Albin, D Perkins, C Moutinho, H Gessert, T AF Dhere, R Wu, XZ Albin, D Perkins, C Moutinho, H Gessert, T GP IEEE IEEE TI Formation and characterization of CdSxTe1-x alloys prepared from thin film couples of CdS and CdTe SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-NINTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 19-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID SYSTEM AB Alloying between CdS and CdTe at the CdS/CdTe interface is a function of the growth temperature and post-deposition CdCl2 heat treatment (HT). In devices prepared by different techniques, Te-rich CdSxTe1-x alloys with x = 0.04 to 0.08 have been identified. We present our work on thin-film couples of CdS and CdTe, which can withstand higher level of CdCl2 treatment without the adhesion problems typically encountered in the regular device structure. CdS films with a thickness of similar to100 nm were deposited by chemical-bath, deposition on glass/SnO2 substrates, and CdTe films with a thickness of 300 and 800 nm were deposited by close-spaced, sublimation. The samples were treated in the presence of,vapor CdCl2 at 400degrees-450degrees C for 5 min. X-ray diffraction and optical analysis of the samples showed that S content in the CdSxTe1-x alloy increased systematically with the CdCl2 HT temperature. CdSxTe1-x alloy with x = 0.14 was identified for the samples treated at 430degreesC, which is much higher than expected from the miscibility gap at 430degreesC. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Dhere, R (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7471-1 PY 2002 BP 484 EP 487 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190564 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW41E UT WOS:000181924600118 ER PT B AU Wei, SH Nie, XL Zhang, SB AF Wei, SH Nie, XL Zhang, SB GP IEEE IEEE TI Electronic structure and doping of P-type transparent conducting oxides SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-NINTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 19-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTION; THIN-FILMS; CUALO2 AB Transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) are a group of materials that axe widely used in solar cells and other optoelectronic devices. Recently Cu-containing p-type TCOs such as (MCu2O2)-Cu-II (M-II=Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) and (CuMO2)-O-III (M-III=Al, Ga, In) have been proposed. Using first-principles band structure methods, we have systematically studied the electronic and optical Properties of these p-type transparent oxides. For (MCu2O2)-Cu-II, we predict that adding a small amount of Ca into SrCu2O2 can increase the transparency and conductivity. For (CuMO2)-O-III, we explained the doping and, band gap anomalies in this system and proposed. a. new approach to search for bipolar dopable wide-gap materials. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wei, SH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Krausnick, Jennifer/D-6291-2013; Zhang, Shengbai/D-4885-2013 OI Zhang, Shengbai/0000-0003-0833-5860 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7471-1 PY 2002 BP 496 EP 499 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190610 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW41E UT WOS:000181924600121 ER PT B AU Zunger, A Kilic, C Wang, L AF Zunger, A Kilic, C Wang, L GP IEEE IEEE TI Defects in photovoltaic materials and the origin of failure to dope them SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-NINTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 19-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB I will review the basic physical principles underlying the formation energy of various intrinsic defects in common photovoltaic materials. I then use the above principles to explain why doping of semiconductors is, in general, limited and which design principles can be used to circumvent such limits. This work can help design strategies of doping absorber materials as well as explain how TCOs work. Recent results on the surprising stability of polar (112) + ((1) over bar(1) over bar(2) over bar) surfaces of CIS will also be described in this context. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM azunger@nrel.gov RI Kilic, Cetin/E-1336-2011 OI Kilic, Cetin/0000-0003-2690-4940 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7471-1 PY 2002 BP 500 EP 503 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190611 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW41E UT WOS:000181924600122 ER PT B AU Keyes, BM Dippo, P Metzger, W AbuShama, J Noufi, R AF Keyes, BM Dippo, P Metzger, W AbuShama, J Noufi, R GP IEEE IEEE TI Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 thin-film evolution during growth - A photoluminescence study SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-NINTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 19-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID POLYCRYSTALLINE AB An in-depth, understanding of the defect formation and resulting changes in material quality occurring during the Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 growth process is vital to the successful and widespread use of this photovoltaic material. In an attempt to develop such an understanding, we investigated the growth of Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 thin films from (In,Ga)(2)Se-3 precursors. This was achieved by using energy and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopies to characterize a series of thin films, each removed at a different point along the reaction pathway of the "three-stage" growth process. The resulting thin films are representative of the absorber layer as-it proceeds from a Cu-rich to Cu-poor state. The experimental results support a growth model incorporating changes in the dominant defect states and improvement in the recombination lifetime during this final stage of the growth process as the material transitions to a Cu-poor phase. C1 Nat Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Keyes, BM (reprint author), Nat Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7471-1 PY 2002 BP 511 EP 514 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190614 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW41E UT WOS:000181924600125 ER PT B AU Ramanathan, K Hasoon, FS Smith, S Mascarenhas, A Al-Thani, H Alleman, J Ullal, HS Keane, J Johnson, PK Sites, JR AF Ramanathan, K Hasoon, FS Smith, S Mascarenhas, A Al-Thani, H Alleman, J Ullal, HS Keane, J Johnson, PK Sites, JR GP IEEE IEEE TI Properties of Cd and Zn partial electrolyte treated CIGS solar cells SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-NINTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 19-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID CULNSE2 AB We study the influence of Cd partial baths on the photovoltaic properties of CuInGaSe2 (CIGS) and CuInGaSSe2 (CIGSS) thin film absorbers. We find that efficient solar cells can be fabricated by this treatment, and we compare their properties with those containing CdS window layers grown by chemical bath deposition. The results suggest that Cd plays a dominant role in establishing efficient photovoltaic junctions in CuInSe2 alloys. Micron scale photoluminescence scans show non-uniformity along the length probed. Cd treatment quenches one of the luminescence transitions, which indicates a change in shallow acceptor level density. We present a model that helps to explain the evolution of photovoltaic action. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM kannan@nrel.gov; halthani@nrel.gov; harin_ullal@nrel.gov; pamj@lamar.colostate.edu; sites@lamar.colostate.edu NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7471-1 PY 2002 BP 523 EP 526 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190617 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW41E UT WOS:000181924600128 ER PT B AU Wu, X Dhere, RG Yan, Y Romero, MJ Zhang, Y Zhou, J DeHart, C Duda, A Perkins, C To, B AF Wu, X Dhere, RG Yan, Y Romero, MJ Zhang, Y Zhou, J DeHart, C Duda, A Perkins, C To, B GP IEEE IEEE TI High-efficiency polycrystalline CdTe thin-film solar cells with an oxygenated amorphous CdS (a-CdS : O) window layer SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-NINTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 19-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID HETEROJUNCTIONS AB In the conventional CdS/CdTe device structure, the poly-CdS window layer has a bandgap of similar to2.4 eV, which causes absorption in the short-wavelength region. Higher short-circuit current densities (J(sc)) can be achieved by reducing the CdS thickness, but this can adversely impact device open-circuit voltage (V-oc) and fill factor (FF). Also, poly-CdS film-has about 10% lattice mismatch related to the CdTe film, which limits the improvement of device V-oc and FF. In this paper, we report a novel window material: oxygenated amorphous CdS film (a-CdS:O) prepared at room temperature by rf sputtering. The a-CdS:O film has a higher optical bandgap (2.5-3.1 eV) than the poly-CdS film and an amorphous structure. The preliminary device results have demonstrated that J(sc) of the CdTe device can be greatly improved while maintaining higher V-oc and FF. We have fabricated a CdTe cell demonstrating an NREL-confirmed J(sc) of 25.85 mA/cm(2) and a total-area efficiency of 15.4%. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wu, X (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 18 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7471-1 PY 2002 BP 531 EP 534 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190619 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW41E UT WOS:000181924600130 ER PT B AU Gessert, TA Romero, MJ Johnston, S Keyes, B Dippo, P AF Gessert, TA Romero, MJ Johnston, S Keyes, B Dippo, P GP IEEE IEEE TI Spectroscopic cathodoluminescence studies of the ZnTe : Cu contact process for CdS/CdTe solar cells SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-NINTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 19-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB Spectroscopic, cathodoluminescence (CL), electron-beam induced current (EBIC), and capacitance-Voltage (C-V) measurements are used to study the formation of CdS/CdTe devices processed using ion-beam milling and a ZnTe:Cu/Ti contact. Results show heating in vacuum at similar to360degreesC and ion-beam milling lead to observable changes in the CL emission from the CdCl2-treated CdTe surface. Changes in the CL spectrum are also observed as ZnTe:Cu layer thickness increases. These changes are correlated to published studies of defect levels and shown to be due, possibly, to an n-type region existing between the ZnTe:Cu contact interface and the p-CdTe layers. This n-type region is eliminated once a sufficiently thick ZnTe:Cu layer is produced. C1 NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Gessert, TA (reprint author), NREL, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7471-1 PY 2002 BP 535 EP 538 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190620 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW41E UT WOS:000181924600131 ER PT B AU Young, DL Abushama, J Noufi, R Li, XN Keane, J Gessert, TA Ward, JS Contreras, M Symko-Davies, M Coutts, TJ AF Young, DL Abushama, J Noufi, R Li, XN Keane, J Gessert, TA Ward, JS Contreras, M Symko-Davies, M Coutts, TJ GP IEEE IEEE TI A new thin-film CuGaSe2/Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 bifacial, tandem solar cell with both junctions formed simultaneously SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-NINTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 19-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID EFFICIENCY AB Thin films of CuGaSe2 and Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 were evaporated by the 3-stage process onto opposite sides of a single piece of soda-lime glass, coated bifacially with an n(+)-TCO. Junctions were formed simultaneously with each of the p-type absorbers by depositing thin films of n-CdS via chemical bath deposition (CBD) at 60degreesC. The resulting four-terminal device is a non-mechanically stacked, two-junction tandem. The unique growth sequence protects the temperature-sensitive p/n junctions. The initial device (eta = 3.7%, V-oc = 1.1 V [AM1.5]) suffered from low quantum efficiencies. Initial results are also presented from experiments with variations in growth sequence and back reflectors.. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Young, DL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7471-1 PY 2002 BP 608 EP 611 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190638 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW41E UT WOS:000181924600149 ER PT B AU McMahon, TJ AF McMahon, TJ GP IEEE IEEE TI Dark current transients in thin-film CdTe solar cells SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-NINTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 19-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB Dark current transients measured by changing the voltage bias in a stepwise fashion on CdTe cells results in minutes-long transients after each step. Transients measured at room temperature are controlled by carrier trapping that corresponds to the well known voltage transient phenomena [1]. Transients measured on the same CdTe cell at elevated temperature (60degreesC and 90degreesC) show the emergence of a second much slower process. we associate this second process with "shunt" current paths induced by reverse bias and removed with forward bias [2]. A different back contact process may produce an opposite voltage dependence. The lack of these transients may be required for the fabrication of "stable" thin-film CdTe solar cells. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP McMahon, TJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7471-1 PY 2002 BP 768 EP 771 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190678 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW41E UT WOS:000181924600189 ER PT B AU Emery, K Myers, D Kurtz, S AF Emery, K Myers, D Kurtz, S GP IEEE IEEE TI What is the appropriate reference spectrum for characterizing concentrator cells? SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-NINTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 19-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID MODEL AB Consensus standards for determining the efficiency of a concentrator cell or module have not been developed. NREL, Sandia National Laboratory, the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy in Germany, and the Progress in Photovoltaics Efficiency Table authors have informally agreed upon concentrator-cell reference conditions. These conditions are 25degreesC cell temperature, 1-sun = 1000 W/m(2) total irradiance, and the ASTM E891-87 direct-normal reference spectrum. Deficiencies in the direct reference. spectrum are discussed, and a more representative reference spectrum for evaluating concentrator cells is proposed. The spectrum was generated by the SMARTS model, and the atmospheric parameters are as close as possible to the existing direct spectrum, with the exception that the aerosol optical depth at 500 nm is reduced from 0.27 to 0.085. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Emery, K (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7471-1 PY 2002 BP 840 EP 843 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190710 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW41E UT WOS:000181924600206 ER PT B AU Friedman, DJ Kurtz, SR Geisz, JF AF Friedman, DJ Kurtz, SR Geisz, JF GP IEEE IEEE TI Analysis of the GalnP/GaAs/1-eV/Ge cell and related structures for terrestrial concentrator application SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-NINTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 19-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID SOLAR-CELLS; 3-JUNCTION; GAAS AB We analyze the potential of the GaInP/GaAs/1-eV/Ge four-junction. solar cell to improve on the efficiency of the state-of-the-art GaInP/GaAs/Ge benchmark. We emphasize the following factors: (1) The newly proposed terrestrial concentrator spectrum has a lower ratio of red to blue light than does the AM1.5 direct spectrum. (2) Standard two-layer antireflection coatings do not provide near-zero reflectance over the full spectral range of interest for these devices. (3) Increasing temperature lowers the junction bandgaps, redistributing light to the top junctions. (4) GaInNAs junctions used to gate for the 1-eV junction have quantum efficiencies less than similar to75%. These factors all limit the device current, adversely affecting the four-junction efficiency. We discuss strategies for ameliorating this problem, including going to alternate structures such as a GaInP/GaAs/0.9-eV three-junction device. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Friedman, DJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7471-1 PY 2002 BP 856 EP 859 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190714 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW41E UT WOS:000181924600210 ER PT B AU Geisz, JF Friedman, DJ Kurtz, S AF Geisz, JF Friedman, DJ Kurtz, S GP IEEE IEEE TI Ganpas solar cells lattice-matched to GaP SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-NINTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 19-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID SI; ALLOYS; GAAS AB III-V semiconductors grown on silicon substrates are very attractive-for lower-cost, high-efficiency multi-junction solar cells, but lattice-mismatched alloys that result in high dislocation densities have been unable to achieve satisfactory. performance. GaNxP(1-x-y)As(y) is a direct-gap III-V alloy that can be grown lattice-matched to-Si when y = 4.7x - 0.1. We propose the use of lattice-matched GaNPAs on silicon for high-efficiency multijunction solar cells. We have grown GaNxP1-x-yAsy on GaP (with a similar lattice constant to silicon) by metal-organic chemical vapor phase epitaxy With direct bandgaps in the range of 1.5 to 2.0 eV. We demonstrate the performance of single-junction GaNxP1-x-yAsy solar cells grown on GaP substrates and discuss, the prospects for the development of monolithic high-efficiency multijunction solar cells based on silicon substrates. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Geisz, JF (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7471-1 PY 2002 BP 864 EP 867 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190716 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW41E UT WOS:000181924600212 ER PT B AU Gee, JM Moreno, JB Lin, SY Fleming, JG AF Gee, JM Moreno, JB Lin, SY Fleming, JG GP IEEE IEEE TI Selective emitters using photonic crystals thermophotovoltaic energy conversion SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-NINTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 19-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID RADIATION; EFFICIENCY; CELLS AB Photonic crystals use a periodic modulation of the refractive index to alter the photonic density of states. The photonic density of states is an important parameter in many phenomena involving radiation-matter interactions - including thermal emission of radiation. Hence, a photonic crystal can be used to engineer the emissivity of an emitter for thermophotovoltaic generators to match the spectral response of the TPV cell. The use of photonic crystals in TPV is described. A three-dimensional photonic crystal in tungsten is realized that exhibits an exceptionally large photonic bandgap and attenuation factor. The photonic crystal is shown to have promise for radiant energy conversion applications like TPV energy conversion. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gee, JM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7471-1 PY 2002 BP 896 EP 899 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190724 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW41E UT WOS:000181924600220 ER PT B AU Myers, DR Emery, K Gueymard, C AF Myers, DR Emery, K Gueymard, C GP IEEE IEEE TI Proposed reference spectral irradiance standards to improve concentrating photovoltaic system design and performance evaluation SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-NINTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 19-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), and the International Standards Organization (ISO) standard solar terrestrial spectra (ASTM G-159, IEC-9043, ISO 9845-1) provide standard spectra for photovoltaic performance applications. Modem terrestrial spectral radiation models and-knowledge of atmospheric physics are applied to develop suggested revisions to update the reference spectra. We use a moderately complex radiative transfer. model, (SMARTS2) to produce the revised spectra. SMARTS2 has been validated against the complex MODTRAN radiative transfer code and spectral measurements. The model is proposed as an adjunct standard to reproduce the. reference spectra. The proposed spectra represent typical clear sky spectral photovoltaic energy production L and weathering and durability climates. The proposed spectra are under consideration by ASTM. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Myers, DR (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7471-1 PY 2002 BP 923 EP 926 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190731 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW41E UT WOS:000181924600227 ER PT B AU McMahon, WE Kurtz, S Emery, K Young, MS AF McMahon, WE Kurtz, S Emery, K Young, MS GP IEEE IEEE TI Criteria for the design of GalnP/GaAs/Ge triple-junction cells to optimize their performance outdoors SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-NINTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 19-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID 2-JUNCTION AB This paper investigates which reference spectrum should be used to design GaInP/GaAs/Ge triple-junction,cells (at 300 K) in order to optimize their performance outdoors (at elevated temperatures). The outdoor performance is simulated using direct spectra from the recently proposed Module Energy Rating Procedure. We find that triple-junction cells designed for AM1.5D, low-AOD and AM1.5G standard spectra at 300 K all work well for maximizing daily energy. production at elevated temperatures. AM1.5G cells, are the best choice for midday power production, whereas AM1.5D cells are the best choice for power production during the morning and evening. Performance of cells optimized for a newly proposed Low-AOD spectrum is intermediate between these two extremes. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP McMahon, WE (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7471-1 PY 2002 BP 931 EP 934 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190733 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW41E UT WOS:000181924600229 ER PT B AU Kurtz, S King, RR Edmondson, KM Friedman, DJ Karam, NH AF Kurtz, S King, RR Edmondson, KM Friedman, DJ Karam, NH GP IEEE IEEE TI 1-MeV-electron irradiation of GaInAsN cells SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-NINTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 19-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID SOLAR-CELLS; GAAS AB GaInAsN cells are measured to retain 93+/-3% and 89+/-4% of their original efficiency after exposure to 5 X 10(14) and 1 X 10(15) cm(-2) 1-MeV electrons, respectively. The rate of degradation is not correlated with the performance at beginning of life (BOL). The depletion width remains essentially unchanged, increasing by < 1%. Temperature-coefficient data for GaInAsN cells are also presented. These numbers are used to project the efficiency of GaInAsN-containing multijunction cells. The GaInAsN junction is not currently predicted to increase the efficiencies of the multijunction cells. Nevertheless, GaInAsN-containing multijunction cell efficiencies are predicted to be comparable to those of the conventional structures, and even small improvements in the GaInAsN cell may lead to higher multijunction cell efficiencies, especially for high-radiation applications. and when cell operating temperature is low. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kurtz, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7471-1 PY 2002 BP 1006 EP 1009 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190775 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW41E UT WOS:000181924600248 ER PT B AU Johnston, SW Ahrenkiel, RK Friedman, DJ Kurtz, SR AF Johnston, SW Ahrenkiel, RK Friedman, DJ Kurtz, SR GP IEEE IEEE TI Deep-level transient spectroscopy in GaAsN lattice-matched to GaAs SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-NINTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 19-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; HOLE TRAPS; DEFECTS; LAYERS AB Deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) measurements have been performed on the quaternary semiconductor InGaAsN. A series of as-grown, metal-organic chemical vapor deposited samples having varying composition were grown and measured. A GaAs sample was used as a baseline for comparison. After adding only In to GaAs, we did, not detect significant additional defects; however, adding N and both N and In led to larger hole-trap peaks and additional electron-trap peaks in the DLTS data. The samples containing about 2% N, with and without about 6% In, had electron traps with activation energies of about 0.2 and 0.3 eV. A sample with 0.4% N had an electron trap with an activation energy of 0.37 eV. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM steve_johnston@nrel.gov; richard_ahrenkiel@nrel.gov; daniel_friedman@nrel.gov; sarah_kurtz@nrel.gov NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7471-1 PY 2002 BP 1023 EP 1026 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190779 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW41E UT WOS:000181924600253 ER EF